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[ "Mickey Thompson", "Indy years", "What was his first race on the Indy Circuit?", "In 1962 Thompson entered three John Crosthwaite designed cars in the Indianapolis 500." ]

[ "The Migraine Disability Assessment Test (MIDAS) is a test used by doctors to determine how severely migraines affect a patient's life. Patients are asked questions about the frequency and duration of their headaches, as well as how often these headaches limited their ability to participate in activities at work, at school, or at home.\n\nThe test was evaluated by the professional journal Neurology in 2001; it was found to be both reliable and valid.\n\nQuestions\nThe MIDAS contains the following questions:\n\n On how many days in the last 3 months did you miss work or school because of your headaches?\n How many days in the last 3 months was your productivity at work or school reduced by half or more because of your headaches? (Do not include days you counted in question 1 where you missed work or school.)\n On how many days in the last 3 months did you not do household work because of your headaches?\n How many days in the last three months was your productivity in household work reduced by half of more because of your headaches? (Do not include days you counted in question 3 where you did not do household work.)\n On how many days in the last 3 months did you miss family, social or leisure activities because of your headaches?\n\nThe patient's score consists of the total of these five questions. Additionally, there is a section for patients to share with their doctors:\n\nWhat your Physician will need to know about your headache:\n\nA. On how many days in the last 3 months did you have a headache?\n(If a headache lasted more than 1 day, count each day.)\t\n\nB. On a scale of 0 - 10, on average how painful were these headaches? \n(where 0 = no pain at all and 10 = pain as bad as it can be.)\n\nScoring\nOnce scored, the test gives the patient an idea of how debilitating his/her migraines are based on this scale:\n\n0 to 5, MIDAS Grade I, Little or no disability \n\n6 to 10, MIDAS Grade II, Mild disability\n\n11 to 20, MIDAS Grade III, Moderate disability\n\n21+, MIDAS Grade IV, Severe disability\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nMigraine Treatment\n\nMigraine", "\"How Do I Breathe\" is a song recorded by American singer Mario. It is the first single from his third studio album Go. The single was released on May 15, 2007. It was produced by Norwegian production team Stargate. On the issue date of July 7, 2007, the single debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 91. \"How Do I Breathe\" also debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 30 on download sales alone, the day before the physical release of the song. It also became Mario's last charting single in the UK. The song also peaked at number 18 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The official remix of the song features Fabolous and the second official remix features Cassidy. A rare third one features both artists and switches between beats. The song was co-written by Mario.\n\nWriting and recording\nMario met Stargate, the producers from Norway. They met when Mario was overseas touring, and they talked about producing. They were up-and-coming at the time. Mario frequently heard their music on the radio and would later say he thought, \"Wow, I really like their music. These guys are classic.\" Mario and Stargate made two songs, which they collaborated on with Ne-Yo, but they did not make the cut. Then they did two more songs, which Mario co-wrote, one of which was \"How Do I Breathe\". Mario said: \"The truth is that I felt like the track already had a story to tell; but that there had to be a certain flow over the record. I had to show some vulnerability, and that is what the record is about. It's about being vulnerable and knowing that you lost something that so essential to your life. I'd say it's about 75% true to life, and the rest is just creative writing.\"\n\nCritical reception\nMark Edward Nero of About.com says \"The track isn't particularly groundbreaking, but it has a simple charm, in a sort of Ne-Yo meets Toni Braxton kind of way\".\n\nAaron Fields of KSTW.com stated: \"First single off the album, yet didn't have the success like \"Let me love you\" did. I remember thinking he was definitely back when I heard this song. I'm not sure why this song didn't get more attention as it is one of the better songs done by him, nevertheless I probably would have picked this for the first single as well. I still bump this one in the car.\"\n\nMusic video\nThe video was directed by Melina and premiered on BET's Access Granted on May 23, 2007. One scene where Mario is dressed in a white t-shirt while singing in smoke, is similar to the scene in Kanye West's video \"Touch the Sky\". After its premiere, \"How Do I Breathe\" received heavy airplay on BET's music video countdown show 106 & Park. It also appeared at number 87 on BET's Notarized: Top 100 Videos of 2007 countdown.\n\nVariations of \"How Do I Breathe\"\nAfter the song was released, there were two different variations that were available. The official version provided by Sony BMG, which was included within the official music video, has different lyrics than the one obtained via a peer-to-peer file sharing network. The specific difference in the lyrics is seen within the bridge of the song near the end.\n\nIn the official version, the bridge's lyrics are as follows:\"Ooh, I should've brought my love home, girl.And baby, I ain't perfect you know.The grind has got a tight hold.Girl, come back to me ... Cause girl you made it hard to breathe...When you're not with me...\"\nIn the other version obtained via a file sharing network, the bridge's lyrics are:\"Ooh, I can't get over you, no.Baby I don't wanna let go.Girl, you need to come home.Back to me ... Cause girl you made it hard to breathe...When you're not with me...\"\n\nThe other version obtained over a file sharing network also features a shout out to former NFL running back Shaun Alexander by an untold DJ near the end of the track.\n\nIn other media\nOn July 16, 2008, Kourtni Lind and Matt Dorame from the US television reality program and dance competition So You Think You Can Dance danced to \"How Do I Breathe\" as the part of the competition.\n\nTrack listing\nUK CD:\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (radio edit)\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (Full Phat remix featuring Rhymefest)\n\nPromo CD:\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (radio edit)\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (instrumental)\n\nHow Do I Breathe, Pt. 2:\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (radio edit)\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (Full Phat Remix featuring Rhymefest)\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (Allister Whitehead Remix)\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (video)\n\nCD single\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (radio edit) – 3:38\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (instrumental) – 3:38\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (call out hook) – 0:10\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n2006 songs\n2007 singles\nMario (American singer) songs\nJ Records singles\nMusic videos directed by Melina Matsoukas\nSong recordings produced by Stargate (record producers)\nSongs written by Tor Erik Hermansen\nSongs written by Mikkel Storleer Eriksen" ]

[ "Mickey Thompson", "Indy years", "What was his first race on the Indy Circuit?", "In 1962 Thompson entered three John Crosthwaite designed cars in the Indianapolis 500.", "How did he do?", "Unusually, they used a stock V8 Buick engine and it was in the rear unlike the front engined, race tuned, Offenhauser powered cars used by most competitors. It" ]

[ "The fourth season of HGTV Design Star premiered on July 19, 2009. The series was filmed in Los Angeles, California for the first time. Vern Yip returned as a judge, and was joined by newcomers Genevieve Gorder and Candice Olson. Clive Pearse returned as host, and this was his final season hosting the show. A major change this season was that the judges decided the winner, instead of having a public vote. The winner was Antonio Ballatore, whose show The Antonio Treatment debuted in March 2010.\n\nDesigners\n\nGuest Designers:\n\n1 Age at the time of the show's filming\n2 Dan Vickery did audition for Design Star Season 3 but was not picked to compete\n\nContestant progress\n\n (WINNER) The designer won the competition.\n (RUNNER-UP) The designer received second place.\n (WIN) The designer was selected as the winner of the episode's Elimination Challenge.\n (HIGH) The designer was selected as one of the top entries in the Elimination Challenge, but did not win.\n (IN) The designer was not selected as either top entry or bottom entry in the Elimination Challenge, and advanced to the next challenge.\n (LOW) The designer was selected as one of the bottom entries in the Elimination Challenge, but was not deemed the worst of the designers who advanced in that particular week.\n (LOW) The designer was selected as one of the bottom two entries in the Elimination Challenge, and was deemed the worst of the designers who advanced in that particular week.\n (OUT) The designer was eliminated from the competition.\n (OUT) The designer was eliminated from the competition before the judges deliberated.\n\n1 In a Design Star first, Tashica was eliminated before the judges' deliberation. This was due to her underwhelming performance in the competition, constant excuses, and lack of ability to have her design ideas expressed in a team situation. It reached the ultimatum in the fourth episode, and Vern Yip questioned why he and the other two judges kept bringing her back week after week. While she continued giving more excuses, he and the judges quickly decided to eliminate her. As the elimination in the episode was a double elimination, this change did not affect anything else, and Jany was eliminated normally.\nThe first season the winner never was in bottom 3 or 2\n\n2009 American television seasons", "In biostatistics, spectrum bias refers to the phenomenon that the performance of a diagnostic test may vary in different clinical settings because each setting has a different mix of patients. Because the performance may be dependent on the mix of patients, performance at one clinic may not be predictive of performance at another clinic. These differences are interpreted as a kind of bias. Mathematically, the spectrum bias is a sampling bias and not a traditional statistical bias; this has led some authors to refer to the phenomenon as spectrum effects, whilst others maintain it is a bias if the true performance of the test differs from that which is 'expected'. Usually the performance of a diagnostic test is measured in terms of its sensitivity and specificity and it is changes in these that are considered when referring to spectrum bias. However, other performance measures such as the likelihood ratios may also be affected by spectrum bias.\n\nGenerally spectrum bias is considered to have three causes. The first is due to a change in the case-mix of those patients with the target disorder (disease) and this affects the sensitivity. The second is due to a change in the case-mix of those without the target disorder (disease-free) and this affects the specificity. The third is due to a change in the prevalence, and this affects both the sensitivity and specificity. This final cause is not widely appreciated, but there is mounting empirical evidence as well as theoretical arguments which suggest that it does indeed affect a test's performance.\n\nExamples where the sensitivity and specificity change between different sub-groups of patients may be found with the carcinoembryonic antigen test and urinary dipstick tests.\n\nDiagnostic test performances reported by some studies may be artificially overestimated if it is a case-control design where a healthy population ('fittest of the fit') is compared with a population with advanced disease ('sickest of the sick'); that is two extreme populations are compared, rather than typical healthy and diseased populations.\n\nIf properly analyzed, recognition of heterogeneity of subgroups can lead to insights about the test's performance in varying populations.\n\nSee also\n Simpson's paradox\n Biased sample\n Reporting bias\n Reference class problem\n\nReferences\n\nBiostatistics\nBias\nDesign of experiments\nMedical statistics" ]

[ "Mickey Thompson", "Indy years", "What was his first race on the Indy Circuit?", "In 1962 Thompson entered three John Crosthwaite designed cars in the Indianapolis 500.", "How did he do?", "Unusually, they used a stock V8 Buick engine and it was in the rear unlike the front engined, race tuned, Offenhauser powered cars used by most competitors. It", "How did the change in design affect the performance?", "Thompson's crew, led by Fritz Voigt, were young, smart and hard working. Working 12-14 hour days, the car was designed and built in 120 days." ]

[ "The 2010 Mid-Ohio Sports Car Challenge was the sixth round of the 2010 American Le Mans Series season. It took place at Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course on August 7, 2010. The Muscle Milk Team Cytosport Porsche did not start the race after Greg Pickett destroyed the car during testing on the Thursday before the race.\n\nQualifying\n\nQualifying result\nPole position winners in each class are marked in bold.\n\nRace\n\nRace result\nClass winners in bold. Cars failing to complete 70% of their class winner's distance are marked as Not Classified (NC).\n\nReferences\n\nSports Car Challenge of Mid-Ohio\nMid-Ohio\n2010 in sports in Ohio", "The Spyker Squadron was the factory racing team from Dutch sportscar manufacturer Spyker Cars. The team raced in various endurance championships and non-championship races from 2002 to 2010. Daily operations were managed by Peter van Erp, the later Spyker Cars COO.\n\nHistory\n\nSpyker C8 Double-12R\n\nReiter Engineering developed the Spyker C8 Double-12R to compete in the 2002 24 Hours of Le Mans GT class. The team debuted the car at the 2002 12 Hours of Sebring with Derek Hill, Peter Kox and Hans Hugenholtz. The team retired after four hours due to accident damage. At the 24 Hours of Le Mans the team retired over halfway through the race. A valve problem in the BMW engine caused the retirement.\n\nThe C8 Double-12R was again raced in 2003. Engine trouble again hampered their 12 Hours of Sebring effort. The team retired just past the half way mark. Sponsored by telecom provider Orange S.A. the team presented drivers Tom Coronel, Hans Hugenholtz and Norman Simon. Gearbox trouble prevented a strong finish, the team finished the race but was not classified as it was to far behind. The team also entered the lone race of the 2003 Le Mans Series, the 1000km of Le Mans. Norman Simon, joined by Belgian Patrick van der Schoote, finished the race in 25th place overall.\n\nSpyker C8 Spyder GT2-R\nIn 2004 the team focused on developing a new variant on the C8, the C8 Spyder GT2-R. The car debuted at the 2005 24 Hours of Le Mans. The Audi powered car failed to finish the race due to an engine fire almost seven hours into the race. The team returned at the 1000km of Nürburgring, the fourth round of the 2005 Le Mans Series season. Drivers Jeroen Bleekemolen and Donny Crevels finished eighteenth overall, second in the GT2 class. The team finished in the same lap as the class winning Porsche 996 GT3. Near the end of the year the team made its debut in the FIA GT Championship. Racing at Zhuhai and Dubai the team scored two top five class finishes. At Dubai the team finished third in class.\n\nFor 2006 the Spyder was fitted with a roof. The team entered the full 2006 Le Mans Series. The team's best result was a sixteenth place overall, third in class, at the 1000km of Jarama. Both Spykers entered the 2006 24 Hours of Le Mans, but both did not finish. In the 2006 Spa 24 Hours the team fought for a fourth place in class most of the race, before having to settle for tenth.\n\nThe team scaled down to a single car for the 2007 season. In the Le Mans Series, drivers Mike Hezemans and Peter Dumbreck scored a third place in class finish at the 1000km of Silverstone. At the 24 Hours of Le Mans the team did not finish the race. An engine problem seven hours into the race stopped the car at Tetre Rouge.\n\nIn 2008 the car won its final race, the 1000 kilometrų lenktynės with Jonas Gelžinis, Ralf Kelleners, Peter Dumbreck and Alexey Vasilyev.\n\nSpyker C8 Laviolette GT2-R\n\nIntroducing the C8 Laviolette GT2-R in 2008 the team did not finish the 24 Hours of Le Mans. Three fourth-place finishes in the 2008 Le Mans Series placed the team third in the constructors championship. Despite the main company moving to Coventry, the racing team remained in Zeewolde. The team repeated its performance feat in 2009. The team even scored to second in class finishes at the 1000km of Nürburgring and the 1000km of Silverstone. At the 24 Hours of Le Mans the team finished the race. Drivers Tom Coronel, Jeroen Bleekemolen and Jaroslav Janiš finished the Snoras sponsored car in fifth place in class. Snoras became a major stakeholder in the Spyker Cars company.\n\nIn 2010 the team again entered the Le Mans Series as well as the 24 Hours of Le Mans. The team again finished the prestigious sports car race, as the last classified car. The team finished in 27th place, 117 laps behind the overall winning car.\n\nSpyker C8 Aileron GTE\nIn 2011 the team took a sabbatical to develop the C8 Aileron to race in 2012. But as the major shareholder Snoras filed for bankruptcy and a deal with its owner Vladimir Antonov fell through, the team folded.\n\n24 Hours of Le Mans results\n\nGallery\n\nReferences\n\nDutch auto racing teams\nFIA GT Championship teams\n24 Hours of Le Mans teams\nEuropean Le Mans Series teams" ]

[ "Mickey Thompson", "Indy years", "What was his first race on the Indy Circuit?", "In 1962 Thompson entered three John Crosthwaite designed cars in the Indianapolis 500.", "How did he do?", "Unusually, they used a stock V8 Buick engine and it was in the rear unlike the front engined, race tuned, Offenhauser powered cars used by most competitors. It", "How did the change in design affect the performance?", "Thompson's crew, led by Fritz Voigt, were young, smart and hard working. Working 12-14 hour days, the car was designed and built in 120 days.", "Did the car place in the Race?", "qualified eighth and was in ninth place until a leaking oil seal seized the gearbox and ended his race on lap 94. He was placed 20th out of 33." ]

[ "The What A Summer Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race held annually in January at Laurel Park Racecourse in Laurel, Maryland. The race is open to fillies and mares four years old and up and is run at six furlongs on the dirt.\n\nAn ungraded stakes race, it offers a purse of $100,000. The race was restricted to Maryland-breds between 1978 and 1992. It was run for fillies and mares from age three and up from 1978 through 1985 and was run under handicap conditions during that same time. The race was restricted to two-year-olds from 1985 to 1992.\n\nThe race was named in honor of What A Summer, a gray mare by What Luck. She was an Eclipse Award winner and was named American Champion Sprint Horse in 1977. She was bred in Maryland by Milton Polinger. What A Summer was a foal in 1973 and won 18 of 31 starts in her career. She won the de facto second leg of the filly Triple Crown, the Black-Eyed Susan Stakes, won the Fall Highweight Handicap twice (carrying 134 pounds each time), the Silver Spoon Handicap twice, the Maskette Handicap and four other stakes. In addition to her 18 wins, she placed nine times with earnings of $479,161. That record of 27 first or second finishes in 31 starts at 87% is among the best in history.\n\nWhat A Summer was trained by Bud Delp while racing for Polinger. She was bought by Diana Firestone following Polinger's death in 1976. Mrs. Firestone turned the mare over to trainer LeRoy Jolley. She was named Maryland-bred horse of the year in 1977 and twice was named champion older mare. What A Summer was retired in 1878 and as a broodmare produced several graded stakes winners.\n\nA venue of 1994 race was Gulfstream Park.\n\nRecords \n\nSpeed record: \n 6 furlongs – 1:09.20 – Xtra Heat (2003) \n 7 furlongs – 1:23.60 – Sea Siren (1983)\n\nMost wins by an horse:\n 2 – Silmaril (2006 & 2007)\n 2 – Sweet on Smokey (2016 & 2017)\n\nMost wins by an owner:\n 3 – Stephen E. Quick (1982, 2007 & 2008)\n\nMost wins by a jockey:\n 2 – five different jockeys share this record with 2 wins each\n\nMost wins by a trainer:\n 3 – Christopher W. Grove (2007, 2008 & 2010)\n\nWinners of the What A Summer Stakes since 1978\n\nSee also \n\n What A Summer Stakes top three finishers\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Laurel Park website\n\n1978 establishments in Maryland\nLaurel Park Racecourse\nHorse races in Maryland\nRecurring sporting events established in 1978", "What A Summer (foal in 1973) was an American Thoroughbred Champion racehorse who defeated both male and female competitors. She was bred in Maryland by Milton Polinger. She was a gray out of the mare Summer Classic who was sired by Summer Tan. Her sire was What Luck, a multiple stakes winning son of U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee Bold Ruler. What A Summer is probably best remembered for her win in the Grade II $65,000 Black-Eyed Susan Stakes over stakes winners Dearly Precious and Artfully on May 14, 1976.\n\nTwo-year-old season \n\nWhat A Summer was trained very early in her career by Hall of Fame conditioner Bud Delp while racing for her breeder, Milton Polinger. She was bought by Mrs. Bertram Firestone following Polinger's death in the early fall of 1976. That death delayed her the first start of her career until late in the year. Mrs. Firestone turned the mare over to trainer LeRoy Jolley. What A Summer did not start racing until near the end of her two-year-old season, when she broke her maiden at Philadelphia Park. Near the end of the year, she won an allowance race. She ended the year with two wins in four starts.\n\nThree-year-old season \nIn January, What A Summer placed second in her first stakes race, the $25,000 Heirloom Stakes at the old Liberty Bell Race Track in Philadelphia. Two months later, she won her second allowance race over winners and convinced her connections that she was ready to step up in class and take on stakes winners in the Grade II $65,000 Black-Eyed Susan Stakes. In that race, she withstood a fast closing challenge down the stretch to hold off a late charge by 4:5 favorite Dearly Precious in a final time of 1:42.40 for the mile and one sixteenth on the dirt track at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland. Her jockey, Chris McCarron, was credited with a solid ride by conserving energy with moderate fractions in the middle portion of the race. Stakes winner Artfully held on for third in the field of ten three-year-old fillies. In December 1976, What A Summer won the $50,000 Anne Arundel Stakes at Laurel Park Racecourse, beating Turn the Guns and Avum in 1:38.20 for the mile under McCarron.\n\nFour-year-old season \n\nIn 1977, What A Summer won the $75,000 Fall Highweight Handicap twice, carrying the high weight of 134 pounds under jockey Jacinto Vásquez. The Fall Highweight is run in November of each year at Aqueduct Racetrack. In the 1977 race, she finished in a time of 1:09.4 and she broke the stakes record for six furlongs. That year, she also won the $40,000 Silver Spoon Handicap, the $50,000 Maskette Handicap and the $35,000 Distaff Handicap. She placed second in the grade one Beldame Stakes at Belmont Park and showed in both the $40,000 Grey Flight Handicap and the $25,000 Regret Stakes.\n\nFive-year-old season \n\nIn 1978 as a five-year-old, What A Summer repeated two of her victories from the year before in both the Fall Highweight Handicap, under Hall of Fame jockey Ángel Cordero Jr., and the $40,000 Silver Spoon Handicap. She also won the $40,000 First Flight Handicap. She placed second in the grade two Vosburgh Stakes, the grade three Vagrancy Handicap, the Sport Page Handicap, the Suwanee River Handicap and the Egret Handicap.\n\nHonors \n\nWhat A Summer was named Maryland-bred horse of the year in 1977 and twice was named champion older mare for the state of Maryland in both 1977 and 1978. She was retired in 1978 and as a broodmare she produced several graded stakes winners. After her retirement, Laurel Park Racecourse named a race in honor, the What A Summer Stakes. She was an Eclipse Award winner and was named American Champion Sprint Horse in 1977.\n\nWhat A Summer ended her career with a record of 18 wins out of 31 starts in her career. Her most memorable race was perhaps her dominating performance in the de facto second leg of the filly Triple Crown, the Black-Eyed Susan Stakes. In addition to her 18 wins, she placed nine times with earnings of $479,161. That record of 27 first or second finishes in 31 starts at 87% is among the best in history.\n\nReferences\n What A Summer's pedigree and partial racing stats\n\n1973 racehorse births\nRacehorses bred in Maryland\nRacehorses trained in the United States\nEclipse Award winners\nThoroughbred family 17-b" ]

[ "Mickey Thompson", "Indy years", "What was his first race on the Indy Circuit?", "In 1962 Thompson entered three John Crosthwaite designed cars in the Indianapolis 500.", "How did he do?", "Unusually, they used a stock V8 Buick engine and it was in the rear unlike the front engined, race tuned, Offenhauser powered cars used by most competitors. It", "How did the change in design affect the performance?", "Thompson's crew, led by Fritz Voigt, were young, smart and hard working. Working 12-14 hour days, the car was designed and built in 120 days.", "Did the car place in the Race?", "qualified eighth and was in ninth place until a leaking oil seal seized the gearbox and ended his race on lap 94. He was placed 20th out of 33.", "What year was this race?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Le Cousin is a 1997 French film directed by Alain Corneau.\n\nPlot \nThe film deals with the relationship of the police and an informant in the drug scene.\n\nAwards and nominations\nLe Cousin was nominated for 5 César Awards but did not win in any category.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1997 films\n1997 crime films\nFilms about drugs\nFilms directed by Alain Corneau\nFrench crime films\nFrench films\nFrench-language films", "The 23rd Fangoria Chainsaw Awards is an award ceremony presented for horror films that were released in 2020. The nominees were announced on January 20, 2021. The film The Invisible Man won five of its five nominations, including Best Wide Release, as well as the write-in poll of Best Kill. Color Out Of Space and Possessor each took two awards. His House did not win any of its seven nominations. The ceremony was exclusively livestreamed for the first time on the SHUDDER horror streaming service.\n\nWinners and nominees\n\nReferences\n\nFangoria Chainsaw Awards" ]

[ "Mickey Thompson", "Indy years", "What was his first race on the Indy Circuit?", "In 1962 Thompson entered three John Crosthwaite designed cars in the Indianapolis 500.", "How did he do?", "Unusually, they used a stock V8 Buick engine and it was in the rear unlike the front engined, race tuned, Offenhauser powered cars used by most competitors. It", "How did the change in design affect the performance?", "Thompson's crew, led by Fritz Voigt, were young, smart and hard working. Working 12-14 hour days, the car was designed and built in 120 days.", "Did the car place in the Race?", "qualified eighth and was in ninth place until a leaking oil seal seized the gearbox and ended his race on lap 94. He was placed 20th out of 33.", "What year was this race?", "I don't know.", "Did he win any awards?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Gift Box (foaled March 23rd, 2013) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse and the winner of the 2019 Santa Anita Handicap .\n\nCareer\n\nGift Box's first race was on August 22nd, 2015 at Saratoga, where he came in third. He picked up his next win in his second race at Belmont Park on October 3rd, 2015. \n\nHe came in 3rd place in his first graded race, at the Grade 2 Remsen Stakes on November 28th, 2015. He then picked up another win at Belmont on May 26th, 2015.\n\nHis next win did not come until March 24th, 2018, when he won at the Aqueduct. He turned his career around when he won the Grade-2 San Antonio Handicap on December 26th, 2018. This was his first victory in a graded race.\n\nHis next race was on April 6th, 2019. He competed in his second Grade-1 race, this time at the Santa Anita Handicap, where he was victorious.\n\nHe came in 2nd at the May 27th, 2019 Gold Cup at Santa Anita Stakes and then came in 4th at the June 15th, 2019 Stephen Foster Handicap. However, he competed in one last race in 2019 - the December 28th, 2019 San Antonio Handicap, where he won the race for the second time.\n\nPedigree\n\nReferences\n\n2013 racehorse births", "Suzuka Mambo (April 28, 2001 – February 20, 2015) was a Thoroughbred racehorse and grade I stakes winner. He was sired by Sunday Silence, and out of the Kingmambo daughter Spring Mambo.\n\nBackground\nSuzuka Mambo was foaled on April 28, 2001, at Japan's Grand Stud. He was sired by 1989 Kentucky Derby winner Sunday Silence, and out of Spring Mambo, a daughter of Kingmambo; he was a dark bay stallion with a white blaze, white stockings on his right front and left rear legs, and a partial coronet marking on his left foreleg.\n\nRacing career\n\n2003: 2 year old season\nSuzuka Mambo debuted in Sapporo on August 17, 2003, finishing fourth, but he won his next race on August 31. He ran ninth in his next attempt, the G III Sapporo Nisai Stakes, but then won the Hagi Stakes at Kyoto Racecourse on November 1. His last race of his two-year season was the GI Asahi Hai Futurity Stakes where he finished 13th in a field of 16 horses.\n\n2004: 3 year old season\nIn 2004, Suzuka Mambo ran eight races with widely varying outcomes. His first race of the year was the Keisei Cup in January, where he finished 4th. He then ran second at the Wakaba Stakes in March, with a time of 2:00.2. But in April he took a step back, finishing 17th of 18 horses in the Satsuki Sho, also known as the \"Japanese 2000 Guineas.\" Suzuka Mambo was not yet eligible for the Tokyo Yushin (Japanese Derby) due to insufficient winning prize money, so his connections chose the G II Kyoto Shimbun HA for his next run, where he finished second and thus was able to get into the derby. In Tokyo for the May 30 race, he was not popular, ranking 15th, but finished a respectable fifth out of 18 horses. After a break of three months, Suzuka Mambo's next race was the G III Asahi Challenge Cup at Hanshin Racecourse on September 11, 2004, where he was the favorite and won his only race of the year. The race was and his time was 2:00.1. However, in his next effort, the Kikuka Sho (or \"Japanese St. Leger\") on October 24, he finished sixth. Suzuka Mambo went on to close out his year with the G III Naruo Kinen. Although he was the favorite, he finished second.\n\n2005 and 2006: 4 and 5 year old season\nIn 2005 as a mature 4 year old, Suzuka Mambo ran five times, four of them Grade I races, again with widely varying results. His first race was the Osaka-Hamburg Cup on April 9, 2005 at , where he finished third. As a result, Suzuka Mambo was only ranked 13th for his next start, the Grade I Spring Tenno Sho (Emperor Cup), held at Kyoto and contested at . However, in that race, he got a good trip on the course and won. He did not race again until the autumn Tenno Sho on October 30, where he finished last of 18 horses. He tried again in the GI Japan Cup on November 27, where he finished 9th of 18 horses. His next attempt was the December 25 Arima Kinen (The Grand Prix) wh/ere he finished 10th out of 16. In 2006, Suzuka Mambo, at 5 years old, began the season on April 2 at the G II Sankei Osaka Hai (Osaka Cup). In this race, he finished third. It seemed that his career was back on an upswing, but after the race Suzuka Mambo developed a serious ligament tear in his left hind leg that ended his racing career.\n\nStud career\nSuzuka Mambo was retired to the Arrow Stud in Hokkaido, where he began his stud career at age seven. Between 2008 and 2014, he sired a total of 400 foals, of whom 305 started in at least one race, and 202 were winners. These included Grade I winners Meisho Mambo, winner of the 2013 Yushun Himba and Sambista (JPN), winner of the 2015 Champions Cup.\n\nSuzuka Mambo remained at Arrow Stud until his death from heart failure on February 20, 2015. He was buried at Sakuramaiba park.\n\nPedigree\n\nReferences \n\nRacehorses bred in Japan\nRacehorses trained in Japan\nThoroughbred family 7\n2001 racehorse births\n2015 racehorse deaths" ]

[ "Mickey Thompson", "Indy years", "What was his first race on the Indy Circuit?", "In 1962 Thompson entered three John Crosthwaite designed cars in the Indianapolis 500.", "How did he do?", "Unusually, they used a stock V8 Buick engine and it was in the rear unlike the front engined, race tuned, Offenhauser powered cars used by most competitors. It", "How did the change in design affect the performance?", "Thompson's crew, led by Fritz Voigt, were young, smart and hard working. Working 12-14 hour days, the car was designed and built in 120 days.", "Did the car place in the Race?", "qualified eighth and was in ninth place until a leaking oil seal seized the gearbox and ended his race on lap 94. He was placed 20th out of 33.", "What year was this race?", "I don't know.", "Did he win any awards?", "I don't know.", "Where did he race next?", "For the 1963 Indianapolis 500 Crosthwaite designed the innovative Harvey Aluminium Special \"roller skate car\" with the then pioneering smaller profile" ]

[ "\"How Do I Breathe\" is a song recorded by American singer Mario. It is the first single from his third studio album Go. The single was released on May 15, 2007. It was produced by Norwegian production team Stargate. On the issue date of July 7, 2007, the single debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 91. \"How Do I Breathe\" also debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 30 on download sales alone, the day before the physical release of the song. It also became Mario's last charting single in the UK. The song also peaked at number 18 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The official remix of the song features Fabolous and the second official remix features Cassidy. A rare third one features both artists and switches between beats. The song was co-written by Mario.\n\nWriting and recording\nMario met Stargate, the producers from Norway. They met when Mario was overseas touring, and they talked about producing. They were up-and-coming at the time. Mario frequently heard their music on the radio and would later say he thought, \"Wow, I really like their music. These guys are classic.\" Mario and Stargate made two songs, which they collaborated on with Ne-Yo, but they did not make the cut. Then they did two more songs, which Mario co-wrote, one of which was \"How Do I Breathe\". Mario said: \"The truth is that I felt like the track already had a story to tell; but that there had to be a certain flow over the record. I had to show some vulnerability, and that is what the record is about. It's about being vulnerable and knowing that you lost something that so essential to your life. I'd say it's about 75% true to life, and the rest is just creative writing.\"\n\nCritical reception\nMark Edward Nero of About.com says \"The track isn't particularly groundbreaking, but it has a simple charm, in a sort of Ne-Yo meets Toni Braxton kind of way\".\n\nAaron Fields of KSTW.com stated: \"First single off the album, yet didn't have the success like \"Let me love you\" did. I remember thinking he was definitely back when I heard this song. I'm not sure why this song didn't get more attention as it is one of the better songs done by him, nevertheless I probably would have picked this for the first single as well. I still bump this one in the car.\"\n\nMusic video\nThe video was directed by Melina and premiered on BET's Access Granted on May 23, 2007. One scene where Mario is dressed in a white t-shirt while singing in smoke, is similar to the scene in Kanye West's video \"Touch the Sky\". After its premiere, \"How Do I Breathe\" received heavy airplay on BET's music video countdown show 106 & Park. It also appeared at number 87 on BET's Notarized: Top 100 Videos of 2007 countdown.\n\nVariations of \"How Do I Breathe\"\nAfter the song was released, there were two different variations that were available. The official version provided by Sony BMG, which was included within the official music video, has different lyrics than the one obtained via a peer-to-peer file sharing network. The specific difference in the lyrics is seen within the bridge of the song near the end.\n\nIn the official version, the bridge's lyrics are as follows:\"Ooh, I should've brought my love home, girl.And baby, I ain't perfect you know.The grind has got a tight hold.Girl, come back to me ... Cause girl you made it hard to breathe...When you're not with me...\"\nIn the other version obtained via a file sharing network, the bridge's lyrics are:\"Ooh, I can't get over you, no.Baby I don't wanna let go.Girl, you need to come home.Back to me ... Cause girl you made it hard to breathe...When you're not with me...\"\n\nThe other version obtained over a file sharing network also features a shout out to former NFL running back Shaun Alexander by an untold DJ near the end of the track.\n\nIn other media\nOn July 16, 2008, Kourtni Lind and Matt Dorame from the US television reality program and dance competition So You Think You Can Dance danced to \"How Do I Breathe\" as the part of the competition.\n\nTrack listing\nUK CD:\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (radio edit)\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (Full Phat remix featuring Rhymefest)\n\nPromo CD:\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (radio edit)\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (instrumental)\n\nHow Do I Breathe, Pt. 2:\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (radio edit)\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (Full Phat Remix featuring Rhymefest)\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (Allister Whitehead Remix)\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (video)\n\nCD single\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (radio edit) – 3:38\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (instrumental) – 3:38\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (call out hook) – 0:10\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n2006 songs\n2007 singles\nMario (American singer) songs\nJ Records singles\nMusic videos directed by Melina Matsoukas\nSong recordings produced by Stargate (record producers)\nSongs written by Tor Erik Hermansen\nSongs written by Mikkel Storleer Eriksen", "Johnston's Motor Car is an Irish rebel song written by Willie Gillespie based on the commandeering in Ulster of a motor car belonging to Henry Maturin Johnston (1851-1932) by the Irish Republican Army (IRA).\n\nHistory\nThe song is based on a real event in April 1921. An Irish Republican Army unit needed transport to a town over fifty miles away, but had no car to carry them. They decided to call out Henry M. Johnston, a doctor based in Stranorlar, and then ambush him and his car at a bridge and commandeer the car for the IRA. Johnston was sent a telegraph asking him to attend to a Mrs Boyle. On his way there, he found the Reelin Bridge in Glenfin barricaded by the IRA, who forced him to give them his car. In 2019, retired Ballybofey businessman Cathal McHugh claimed to have found what he believes to be the remnants of the vehicle under a turf stack in County Donegal.\n\nComposition\nWilliam Gillespie, a poet from Ballybofey, wrote the song shortly after the event. The song was very popular in Ireland in the 1920s before being rediscovered and covered by bands including The Dubliners and Flying Column, although the more modern versions have slightly different lyrics; Johnston is often replaced with Johnson as well, as in the Clancy Brothers version.\n\nOriginal Lyrics\nDown by Brockagh Corner one morning I did stray,\nWhen I met another rebel bold, who this to me did say:\nI've orders from the Captain to assemble at Drumbar\nBut how are we to reach Dungloe without a Motor Car?\n\nO Barney dear, be of good cheer and I'll tell you what we'll do.\nThe Black and Tans have plenty guns altho' we have but few.\nWe'll wire down to Stranorlar before we walk so far,\nAnd we'll give the boys a jolly ride on Johnston's Motor Car.\n\nWhen Johnston got the wire then he soon pulled on his shoes.\nHe says this case is urgent, there's little time to lose.\nHe wore a fancy caster hat and on his breast a star.\nYou could hear the din going through Glenfin of Johnston's Motor Car.\n\nWhen he came to the Reelin Bridge, he met some rebels there.\nHe knew the game was up with him, and at them he did stare.\nHe said I've got a permit for travelling out so far\nYou can keep your English permit, but we want your motor car.\n\nWhat will my loyal comrades say when I get to Drumboe.\nTo say my car was commandeered by rebels from Dungloe.\nWe'll give you a receipt for her, its signed by Captain Maher,\nAnd when Ireland's free, then we will see to Johnston's Motor Car.\n\nThey put the car in motion, they filled it to the brim.\nWith guns and bayonets shining, while Johnston he did grin.\nWhen Barney waved a Sinn Féin flag, she shot off like a star\nAnd they gave three cheers for freedom and for Johnston's Motor Car.\n\nWhen the loyal crew they heard the news, it grieved their hearts full sore.\nThey swore they'd have reprisals before they would give o'er.\nIn vain they searched through Glenties, the Rosses and Kilcar,\nWhile the I.R.A. their flags displayed on Johnston's Motor Car.\n\nPopular Lyrics\n'Twas down by Brannigan's Corner, one morning I did stray\nI met a fellow rebel, and to me he did say\n\"We've orders from the captain to assemble at Drumbar\nBut how are we to get there, without a motor car?\"\n\n\"Oh, Barney dear, be of good cheer, I'll tell you what we'll do\nThe Specials they are plentiful and the IRA are few\nWe'll send a wire to Johnston to meet us at Stranorlar\nAnd we'll give the boys a bloody good ride in Johnston's Motor Car.\n\nWhen Doctor Johnston heard the news he soon put on his shoes\nHe says this is an urgent case, there is no time to lose\nHe then put on his castor hat and on his breast a star\nYou could hear the din all through Glenfin of Johnston's motor car.\n\nBut when he got to the railway bridge, some rebels he saw there\nOld Johnston knew the game was up, for at him they did stare\nHe said \"I have a permit, to travel near and far\"\n\"To hell with your English permit, we want your motor car.\"\n\n\"What will my loyal brethren think, when they hear the news\nMy car it has been commandeered, by the rebels at Dunluce?\"\n\"We'll give you a receipt for it, all signed by Captain Barr\nAnd when Ireland gets her freedom, you'll get your motor car.\"\n\nWell we put that car in motion and filled it to the brim\nWith guns and bayonets shining which made old Johnston grim\nAnd Barney hoisted a Sinn Féin flag, and it fluttered like a star\nAnd we gave three cheers for the IRA and Johnston's Motor Car.\n\nRecordings\n The Clancy Brothers, In Person at Carnegie Hall (1963)\n Dominic Behan, Easter Week and after (1965) \n The Dubliners, Plain and Simple (1973)\n The Flying Column, Four Green Fields (1972)\n Renaud, Molly Malone – Balade irlandaise (2009) - A French translation\n\nReferences \n\nIrish songs\nThe Dubliners songs\nYear of song missing" ]

[ "Mickey Thompson", "Indy years", "What was his first race on the Indy Circuit?", "In 1962 Thompson entered three John Crosthwaite designed cars in the Indianapolis 500.", "How did he do?", "Unusually, they used a stock V8 Buick engine and it was in the rear unlike the front engined, race tuned, Offenhauser powered cars used by most competitors. It", "How did the change in design affect the performance?", "Thompson's crew, led by Fritz Voigt, were young, smart and hard working. Working 12-14 hour days, the car was designed and built in 120 days.", "Did the car place in the Race?", "qualified eighth and was in ninth place until a leaking oil seal seized the gearbox and ended his race on lap 94. He was placed 20th out of 33.", "What year was this race?", "I don't know.", "Did he win any awards?", "I don't know.", "Where did he race next?", "For the 1963 Indianapolis 500 Crosthwaite designed the innovative Harvey Aluminium Special \"roller skate car\" with the then pioneering smaller profile", "How did the car do?", "Al Miller II raced one of the modified 1962 cars to ninth place despite only qualifying in 31st position." ]

[ "The Škoda Fabia WRC is a World Rally Car built for the Škoda Motorsport by Škoda Auto in the World Rally Championship. It is based upon the Škoda Fabia road car, and was debuted at the 2003 Rally Deutschland. The R5 version was launched in 2015.\n\nCompetition history\n\nThe car was introduced at the 2003 Rally Deutschland, replacing the Octavia WRC. However, the car did not score any point in the season, which led the season to a development year. The car won twelve stages in its fifty-seven contested WRC events, but failed to achieve any podium.\n\nGallery\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nFabia WRC\nAll-wheel-drive vehicles\nCars of the Czech Republic\nWorld Rally Cars", "The ADESS-03 is a Le Mans Prototype LMP3 built to ACO Le Mans Prototype LMP3 regulations. It was designed and built by ADESS AG. The car had its competition debut at the 2015 4 Hours of Fuji. The car also serves as a base for the GreenGT LMPH2G Hydrogen powered Le Mans Prototype.\n\nDevelopment \nIn 2013, the ACO announced a new category of Le Mans Prototypes, known as LMP3, which would replace the previous Le Mans Prototype Challenge (LMPC) class in 2015. Initially, the car was meant to be made by LAS Motorsport, a joint venture between Sebastien Loeb Racing, ADESS AG, as well as SORA Racing. Under the initial agreement, Sebastien Loeb Racing would be in charge of development and assembly, while ADESS AG would be in charge of the design and homologation of the car, and SORA Racing handling production. However, when the car was launched on 9 June 2015, it was known instead as the ADESS-03, with no branding on the car from Sebastien Loeb Racing, SORA Racing, or LAS Motorsport. The car was had its first shakedown test performed at the Hockenheimring, on 16 September 2015 with customer AAI Motorsports. The car has been known to have reliability issues stemming from its driveshaft angles, as well as issues with its gull-wing style doors.\n\nGreenGT LMP2HG \n\nThe ADESS-03 Served as a base for the GreenGT LMP2HG, which was developed by GreenGT which in 2013 attempted to field a Garage 56 effort at Le Mans with a hydrogen-powered prototype, then known as the GreenGT H2, but did not ultimately participate in the race. The car is powered by a 650bhp hydrogen fuel-cell power plant, with power output capable of being increased by up to 335bhp through an energy-retrieval system.\n\nDuring the weekend of the 2018 4 Hours of Spa Francorchamps, the car was demonstrated by former Le Mans winner Yannick Dalmas, while GreenGT also did demonstrations of refuelling in the pitlane. The car's hydrogen is contained in sealed tanks at 700-bar pressure. It was later announced that the car would participate in the pre-race proceedings at the 2019 24 Hours of Le Mans, with the car set to run a demonstration lap of the full Circuit de la Sarthe.\n\nCompetition history\n\n2015-2016 Asian Le Mans Series \nThe car had its debut in the 2015 4 Hours of Fuji, the inaugural round of the 2015-2016 Asian Le Mans Series, where the 2 cars campaigned by Team AAI retired. For the 2nd round of the series at Sepang, the #89 car finished 2nd in the LMP3 class, before the #88 ended the season for team AAI with a pole at the 4th Round at Sepang, but failed to finish the race.\n\n2016-2017 Asian Le Mans Series \nFor the 2016-2017 Asian Le Mans Series, Team AAI scaled down its involvement in the LMP3 class, with the team only participating in the last round of the series at Sepang, with a single car entry. The #93 car retired from the race.\n\n2018 Michelin Encore \nAtlantic Racing Team ran one car in the end of season Michelin Encore. The single car finished 15th of the 20 cars on the grid.\n\nReferences \n\n\n\nLe Mans Prototypes" ]

[ "Mickey Thompson", "Indy years", "What was his first race on the Indy Circuit?", "In 1962 Thompson entered three John Crosthwaite designed cars in the Indianapolis 500.", "How did he do?", "Unusually, they used a stock V8 Buick engine and it was in the rear unlike the front engined, race tuned, Offenhauser powered cars used by most competitors. It", "How did the change in design affect the performance?", "Thompson's crew, led by Fritz Voigt, were young, smart and hard working. Working 12-14 hour days, the car was designed and built in 120 days.", "Did the car place in the Race?", "qualified eighth and was in ninth place until a leaking oil seal seized the gearbox and ended his race on lap 94. He was placed 20th out of 33.", "What year was this race?", "I don't know.", "Did he win any awards?", "I don't know.", "Where did he race next?", "For the 1963 Indianapolis 500 Crosthwaite designed the innovative Harvey Aluminium Special \"roller skate car\" with the then pioneering smaller profile", "How did the car do?", "Al Miller II raced one of the modified 1962 cars to ninth place despite only qualifying in 31st position.", "Did the car have any issues?", "The small tire sizes and low car weights caused complaints amongst the old hands and owners, so for future races," ]

[ "A \"how's my driving\" sign (or \"how is my driving\" or similar) is a decal posted or painted on a back of a fleet vehicle or other vehicle operated by an employee driver. The decal usually has a phone number or website address and other identifying information so that the public can call and report on the behavior of the vehicle's driver. Depending on the company, the phone number or website is monitored by the vehicle's owner or by a third-party company.\n\nSimilar programs have also been implemented for vehicles driven by teenagers in hopes of improving the safety of teenage drivers and with drunk drivers. Use of \"How's My Driving\" regimes for systems other than traffic have been discussed, also in relation to eBay and Wikipedia.\n\nThe purpose of the decal is to increase traffic safety, as those who know they are driving a vehicle with a decal would want to drive more safely to not draw complaints.\n\nFrequency of complaints\nAbout 10% of vehicles bearing this decal become the target of complaints.\n\nThe most common complaints fielded are tailgating, improper lane changes, speeding, and running red lights, though it has been found that many bored motorists who have cell phones will call in petty complaints. A small percentage of calls are to compliment drivers.\n\nEffects\n\nStudies have found that vehicles displaying the decal are involved in 22% fewer accidents and result in a 52% reduction in accident-related costs.\n\nSome insurance companies offer discounts to fleets that display the decal.\n\nOther countries are starting to experiment with similar programs, such as Germany.\n\nEffects of complaints\nWhen a complaint is made, the receptionist who fields the complaint will generally ask for basic information regarding the vehicle and incident, such as the vehicle's description (e.g. a white van), the location of the incident, and the weather of the day.\n\nTruck companies use the reports to spot problem drivers.\n\nComplaints received by motorists may or may not affect the employment status of the operator of the vehicle. In the worst cases, complaints may result in a reprimand against the operator and possibly termination.\n\nReferences\n\nRoad safety\nTraffic signs", "The Judicial Complaints Reviewer is a Scottish official who is responsible for reviewing the handling of complaints against the judiciary of Scotland by the Judicial Office for Scotland. The post was established in 2011 as a result of the Judiciary and Courts (Scotland) Act 2008. The Reviewer is appointed by the Cabinet Secretary for Justice, with the approval of the Lord President of the Court of Session. The Reviewer's services are open to those who have complained about the conduct of a member of the judiciary, and also to members of the judiciary who have been the subject of a complaint.\n\nThe first Judicial Complaints Reviewer was Moi Ali, 2011-2014 and the second was Gillian Thompson; who was appointed on 1 September 2014. The third reviewer takes up the role on 1 September 2017.\n\nRemit and jurisdiction\nComplaints about the conduct, both within and outwith the courts of Scotland, of judicial officer holders in Scotland are made to the Lord President through the Judicial Office for Scotland. However, the Judicial Office does not consider complaints about judicial decisions which are dealt with through appeals.\n\nThe office of the Judicial Complaints Reviewer was established by Section 30 of the Judiciary and Courts (Scotland) Act 2008 The Reviewer's role is to review how complaints regarding members of the judiciary have been handled by the Judicial Office for Scotland in accordance with the complaint rules laid down by the Lord President. As of May 2017, complaints should be handled in line with Complaints About the Judiciary (Scotland) Rules 2017. She cannot change the outcome of the investigation, overturn a decision, or initiate redress. However, where she finds a fault in the process she passes a referral to the Lord President who then makes decision.\n\nJudicial Complaints Reviewer\n\nMoi Ali became the first ever JCR on 1 September 2011. She established the office and pushed for greater powers, claiming that the role was \"window-dressing\" and the judicial watchdog had no teeth. She did not seek reappointment after the end of her three-year term, as she was dissatisfied with the powers of the role. Gillian Thompson became the second Judicial Complaints Reviewer on 1 September 2014, and she too did not serve a second term of office.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n2011 establishments in Scotland\n2011 in British law\nComplaints organizations\nGovernment agencies established in 2011\nJudiciary of Scotland\nOmbudsmen in Scotland\nJudicial misconduct" ]

[ "Jacqueline Fernandez", "2009-2013: Debut and breakthrough" ]

[ "\"Mud Mud Ke\" () is a Hindi song written by Tony Kakkar and sung by Tony Kakkar and Neha Kakkar. The video of the song is directed by Mihir Gulati and the music is produced by Anshul Garg and Tony Kakkar under Desi Music Factory. This song features Michele Morrone and Jacqueline Fernandez in the music video.\n\nCast\n Michele Morrone\n Jacqueline Fernandez\n Tony Kakkar\n\nMusic video\nThe music video titled \"Mud Mud Ke\" was released by Desi Music Factory on YouTube. The music video marks the debut of an Italian actor Michele Morrone in the Indian Music Industry alongside Jacqueline Fernandez was shot in Dubai.\n\nThe song depicts Morrone as an Gangster doing Business deal and fighting with rival.\n\nReception \nIt received more than 2 million views on YouTube trending at #4 within 12 hours of the official release.\n\nPersonnel \n\n Song : \"Mud Mud Ke\"\n Starring : Michele Morrone and Jacqueline Fernandez\n Singer : Tony Kakkar and Neha Kakkar\n Lyricist and Composer : Tony Kakkar\n Music Director : Tony Kakkar \n Mixing and Mastering : Naweed @whitfieldmastering, London\n Video Director : Mihir Gulati\n DOP : Manish Shunty\n Editor : Hitesh Chandwani (Frogalised Productions)\n Assistant Director : Rishabh Dang and Hitesh Chandwani\n Producers : Anshul Garg and Tony Kakkar\n Choreographer : Shakti Mohan\n Online Promotion: Underdog Digital\n Label : Desi Music Factory \n Supporting Production : Metro Talkies & Third Eye Films, Dubai\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Mud Mud ke on YouTube\n\nHindi-language songs\n2022 songs", "Ek Do Teen is a Hindi song from the film Baaghi 2. The song was a remake of the original Ek Do Teen from the film Tezaab which was sung by Alka Yagnik and Amit Kumar. The song features Jacqueline Fernandez and Tiger Shroff and is voiced by Shreya Ghoshal. Ghoshal had also recreated a version of the same song with DJ Aqeel for the Ameesha Patel starrer Desi Magic. The movie was released on 30 March 2018.\n\nDevelopment\nThe song was recorded, mixed and mastered by Eric Pillai - Future Sound Of Bombay in Mumbai. The song is arranged and programmed by Prasad Sashte.\n\nMusic video\n\nShreya Ghoshal version\n\nFilming \nThe song was choreographed by Ganesh Acharya, who was a background dancer in the older version of the song released in 1988. According to Jacqueline, she had grown up listening to \"Ek Do Teen\" and it was a dream come true moment for her to perform on the recreated song in Baaghi 2. Jacqueline added that she felt blessed to have got the opportunity to pay a tribute to Madhuri.\n\nSynopsis \nThis is a song from Baaghi 2 bollywood movie.\n\nRelease\nA teaser of the song was released on 16 March 2018. The official song was released on the T-Series's YouTube page on 19 March 2018. The full music album was released on 20 March 2018 by T-Series.\n\nReception\nThe song received mixed reviews from various critics and fans. However the director said that they were ready for the criticism stating, \"From the moment we zeroed down on the song Ek Do Teen, we were ready for the criticism.\" Writing for NDTV, Nilanjana Basu said, \"Can't, just can't stop watching over and over Jacqueline Fernandez's latke jhatke in the new version of Ek Do Teen for Baaghi 2. The song is the perfect remedy for our Monday morning blues and with Jacqueline Fernandez dancing like that, now, we know what setting the stage on fire actually is!\" She also added, \"Ek Do Teen has all the ingredients of what is referred to as a dance number - Jacqueline in flashy outfits, a catchy remixed tune that runs along the song, superwoman dance moves and the humour element.\"\n\nChart performance\nThe song debuted on Mirchi Music Top 20 countdown on 31 March 2018. It stayed on the chart for 8 weeks till 1 June 2018.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n iTunes\n Google Play\n Online streaming at Saavn\n Online streaming at Gaana\n Online streaming at YouTube\n\nHindi songs\nHindi film songs\nShreya Ghoshal songs\nAlka Yagnik songs\n2018 songs\nPop-folk songs\nSongs with lyrics by Javed Akhtar" ]

[ "Jacqueline Fernandez", "2009-2013: Debut and breakthrough", "What is most memorable about Jacqueline Fernandez's career?", "Mahesh Bhatt's thriller Murder 2 was Fernandez's first commercial success and marked a turning point in her career." ]

[ "\"Mud Mud Ke\" () is a Hindi song written by Tony Kakkar and sung by Tony Kakkar and Neha Kakkar. The video of the song is directed by Mihir Gulati and the music is produced by Anshul Garg and Tony Kakkar under Desi Music Factory. This song features Michele Morrone and Jacqueline Fernandez in the music video.\n\nCast\n Michele Morrone\n Jacqueline Fernandez\n Tony Kakkar\n\nMusic video\nThe music video titled \"Mud Mud Ke\" was released by Desi Music Factory on YouTube. The music video marks the debut of an Italian actor Michele Morrone in the Indian Music Industry alongside Jacqueline Fernandez was shot in Dubai.\n\nThe song depicts Morrone as an Gangster doing Business deal and fighting with rival.\n\nReception \nIt received more than 2 million views on YouTube trending at #4 within 12 hours of the official release.\n\nPersonnel \n\n Song : \"Mud Mud Ke\"\n Starring : Michele Morrone and Jacqueline Fernandez\n Singer : Tony Kakkar and Neha Kakkar\n Lyricist and Composer : Tony Kakkar\n Music Director : Tony Kakkar \n Mixing and Mastering : Naweed @whitfieldmastering, London\n Video Director : Mihir Gulati\n DOP : Manish Shunty\n Editor : Hitesh Chandwani (Frogalised Productions)\n Assistant Director : Rishabh Dang and Hitesh Chandwani\n Producers : Anshul Garg and Tony Kakkar\n Choreographer : Shakti Mohan\n Online Promotion: Underdog Digital\n Label : Desi Music Factory \n Supporting Production : Metro Talkies & Third Eye Films, Dubai\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Mud Mud ke on YouTube\n\nHindi-language songs\n2022 songs", "Bill Fernandez is a user-interface architect and innovator who was Apple Computer's first full time employee when they incorporated in 1977 and was issued badge number 4. He is the son of Jeryy Fernandez and Bambi Fernandez (both Stanford University graduates). He is credited with introducing fellow Homestead High School student Steve Jobs to his friend (and Homestead alumn) Steve Wozniak and developing schematics for the Apple II so the computer could be mass produced.\n\nCareer at Apple \nFernandez worked on the Cream Soda Computer with Steve Wozniak in 1971, the first computer designed by Wozniak and built using spare parts from Wozniak's job. He would later join Apple and work on both the Apple I and Apple II personal computers, and in the 1980s was a member of the Apple Macintosh development team. He contributed to several user interface aspects of the classic Mac OS, QuickTime and HyperCard and owns a user interface patent granted in 1994. He was laid off from Apple in 1993.\n\nPopular Culture \n\n Fernandez appeared in the 2011 documentary about Apple, One Last Thing.\n Fernandez is portrayed by the actor Victor Rasuk in the 2013 film Jobs.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nApple's First Employee: The Remarkable Odyssey of Bill Fernandez by Jason Hiner\n\nFernandez Bill n°4\nLiving people\nAmerican computer businesspeople\n21st-century American engineers\nApple II family\nYear of birth missing (living people)" ]

[ "Jacqueline Fernandez", "2009-2013: Debut and breakthrough", "What is most memorable about Jacqueline Fernandez's career?", "Mahesh Bhatt's thriller Murder 2 was Fernandez's first commercial success and marked a turning point in her career.", "Is there any thing interesting about Jacqueline Fernandez's career?", "]\". Despite the negative reviews, Fernandez received a Best Supporting Actress nomination at the 14th IIFA Awards for her performance." ]

[ "\"Mud Mud Ke\" () is a Hindi song written by Tony Kakkar and sung by Tony Kakkar and Neha Kakkar. The video of the song is directed by Mihir Gulati and the music is produced by Anshul Garg and Tony Kakkar under Desi Music Factory. This song features Michele Morrone and Jacqueline Fernandez in the music video.\n\nCast\n Michele Morrone\n Jacqueline Fernandez\n Tony Kakkar\n\nMusic video\nThe music video titled \"Mud Mud Ke\" was released by Desi Music Factory on YouTube. The music video marks the debut of an Italian actor Michele Morrone in the Indian Music Industry alongside Jacqueline Fernandez was shot in Dubai.\n\nThe song depicts Morrone as an Gangster doing Business deal and fighting with rival.\n\nReception \nIt received more than 2 million views on YouTube trending at #4 within 12 hours of the official release.\n\nPersonnel \n\n Song : \"Mud Mud Ke\"\n Starring : Michele Morrone and Jacqueline Fernandez\n Singer : Tony Kakkar and Neha Kakkar\n Lyricist and Composer : Tony Kakkar\n Music Director : Tony Kakkar \n Mixing and Mastering : Naweed @whitfieldmastering, London\n Video Director : Mihir Gulati\n DOP : Manish Shunty\n Editor : Hitesh Chandwani (Frogalised Productions)\n Assistant Director : Rishabh Dang and Hitesh Chandwani\n Producers : Anshul Garg and Tony Kakkar\n Choreographer : Shakti Mohan\n Online Promotion: Underdog Digital\n Label : Desi Music Factory \n Supporting Production : Metro Talkies & Third Eye Films, Dubai\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Mud Mud ke on YouTube\n\nHindi-language songs\n2022 songs", "Ram Setu is an upcoming Indian Hindi-language film directed by Abhishek Sharma. The film stars Akshay Kumar, Jacqueline Fernandez and Nushrratt Bharuccha. The film is scheduled to theatrically release on Diwali 2022.\n\nPremise \nIt is the story of an archaeologist, who has set out to check out whether the Ram Setu bridge is a myth or a reality.\n\nCast \n Akshay Kumar \n Jacqueline Fernandez\n Nushrratt Bharuccha \n Satyadev Kancharana\n\nProduction\n\nDevelopment \nThe film is being co-produced by Cape of Good Films, Abundantia Entertainment, Lyca Productions and Amazon Prime Video. This makes it the first Prime Video Bollywood production in India. Aruna Bhatia, Akshay Kumar's mother, was one of the producers. She died in September 2021. Chandraprakash Dwivedi is a creative producer.\n\nFilming \nThe official announcement of the film was made on 14 November 2020 and principal photography began on 30 March 2021. The shooting of the film was temporarily halted because on 4 April 2021, Akshay Kumar tested COVID-19 positive. In October 2021 the crew completed shooting in Ooty. By 5 December 2021, shooting in Diu was complete. On 31 January 2022, filming was wrapped up.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \n\nUpcoming Indian films\nIndian films\nUpcoming films\nFilm productions suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic" ]

[ "Jacqueline Fernandez", "2009-2013: Debut and breakthrough", "What is most memorable about Jacqueline Fernandez's career?", "Mahesh Bhatt's thriller Murder 2 was Fernandez's first commercial success and marked a turning point in her career.", "Is there any thing interesting about Jacqueline Fernandez's career?", "]\". Despite the negative reviews, Fernandez received a Best Supporting Actress nomination at the 14th IIFA Awards for her performance.", "What makes Jacqueline Fernandez unique?", "While Gaurav Malini praised her for her looks, NDTV called her a \"blathering bimbo\" who \"find[s] no pleasure in [her role]\"." ]

[ "Franc Fernández (born Francisco Fernández) is an Argentine artist and fashion designer based in Los Angeles. His most well-known work is the meat dress of Lady Gaga.\n\nEarly life and education\nFernández was born in Argentina and lived there until moving to the outskirts of Los Angeles at age eight. During high school he attended ArtCenter College of Design, but dropped out. He also attended architecture and art school, but dropped out of both. He also apprenticed for a milliner in London. Says Fernandez, \"For the most part I’m self-trained. I’m not very good in institutions. I can sort of weed out what I like/dislike, need/not need.\"\n\nCareer\nFernandez started experimenting with clothing in high school, combining shirts and sweaters and stitching their labels on the outside. It was his hats that garnered him attention, and he began to receive requests from stylists for custom pieces. Once he was contacted by Nicola Formichetti, his career began to take off.\n \nFernandez has worked with many contemporary musical artists, including Lady Gaga, Sam Sparro, Scissor Sisters and Beyoncé Knowles. He did the styling for Scissor Sisters' UK arena tour. He also directed the music video for Sam Sparro's \"Pink Cloud\", using influence from technology and the internet to produce a video best viewed on an iPhone, mimicking the device's scrolling and swiping motions.\n\nIn 2015, Fernandez collaborated with Chicago-based rapper Vic Mensa on Mensa's outfit for the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards. The t-shirt and jacket displayed a picture of Black Panther Movement member Assata Shakur, as well as statements about police brutality in the United States on the pants and jacket sleeves. This piece is among several that Fernandez and Mensa had collaborated on together including trousers that stated five names of black-women who died in prison in July 2015.\n\nHis work for Mensa at the VMA's marked the 5-year anniversary of his meat dress for Lady Gaga. He states “I’m interested in pop culture if it’s questioning or upsetting people or creating a problem for people to handle,” said Franc of working with Gaga and Vic. “I think that’s really important. I feel like there’s a lack of that.”\n\nWork with Lady Gaga\nFernandez has worked with Lady Gaga on several projects, including the design of the \"diamond crown\" outfit for her \"Bad Romance\" music video and the outfits she has worn to awards shows and on tour.\n\nIn 2010 he was approached by Gaga's stylist Nicola Formichetti about creating a dress made of cuts of raw beef for the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards. Fernandez agreed, and went to his local butcher and asked what the best cut of meat would be for such a project, and the butcher told him flank steak. Fernandez purchased 40 pounds. He and a collaborative assistant made up the design as they went along, seeing which cuts would best fit which areas, as \"there is not much plan you can do with such an organic material.\" The dress took two days to complete, and Gaga had to be stitched into it backstage.\n\nThe reaction to the dress was mixed, earning ire from animal rights groups such as PETA, and attempts to analyze it from various media outlets. Fernandez stated \"I wasn't surprised at the response. I think everyone involved knew the response that the meat dress was going to get. I think what I was more surprised and excited by was how much the internet and technology played a part in that. I got tons of hate-mail, love-mail, and \"meat dress\" was a top Twitter topic for three days straight.\" Fernandez was pleased with the reception of the dress, saying \"I feel like I have a voice now as an artist and as a designer,\" and that it gave him a larger audience.\n\nReferences\n\nArgentine artists\nArgentine fashion designers\nLiving people\nYear of birth missing (living people)", "Rodolfo Valentino Padilla Fernandez, (March 3, 1952 – June 7, 2008) better known as Rudy Fernandez or Daboy was a multi-awarded Filipino actor, and producer. He came to prominence as an action star in the Philippine cinema during the 1980s up to the early 1990s.\n\nEarly life and career\nFernandez was born at 8:36 PM on March 3, 1952 at Mary Johnston Hospital in Tondo, Manila. He is the eldest son of the late film director Gregorio Fernandez and actress Pilar Padilla (daughter of José Padilla Sr.). Both his parents were from Lubao, Pampanga, which he considered his hometown. He made his film debut at the age of three, appearing in Luksang Tagumpay (1956), which was directed by his father. He also appeared in another film of his father's, Emily (1960).\n\nFernandez started his active film career while a student at the University of Santo Tomas, when he was signed to a contract by Sampaguita Pictures in 1970. He was first featured by Sampaguita Pictures in For Your Mama (1970), then paired with Connie Angeles in Sweet Matutina (1970). Fernandez spent the next few years in teenage parts until he made his breakthrough as an action star with Bitayin si Baby Ama (1976). His viability as an action star was further enhanced with the box-office success of Ang Leon, ang Tigre at ang Alamid (1979).\n\nBeginning with ..Baby Ama, a biopic of a well-known Filipino criminal, Fernandez specialized in portraying true-to-life characters. One of his notable action films is Markang Bungo (Skull Mark), a film based on a true story, where he portrayed the well-known Baguio police officer Bobby Ortega, was released in 1992. From this film came a signature line of Fernandez's, \"Walang personalan, trabaho lang\" (\"Strictly business, nothing personal\"), which has since been cited as among the most memorable quotes in Philippine cinema by QTV's Ang Pinaka television program. Iligpit si Bobby Ortega, Markang Bungo 2 (Execute Bobby Ortega, Skull Mark 2) is a sequel that was released in 1995. Aside for portraying a real police officer, he was cast in the lead roles for the biopics of Filipino politicians Alfredo Lim, Vincent Crisologo, and Ping Lacson. In the film Lagalag: The Eddie Fernandez Story, he starred as Eddie Fernandez, a Filipino actor during the 1970s and the father of Pops Fernandez.\n\nWith the decline of production of Filipino action films during the 2000s, Fernandez turned to television roles. In the short-lived GMA Network sitcom Da Boy, en Da Girl, he starred opposite Rosanna Roces. He also played as a supporting role in other TV series in GMA like Twin Hearts and Atlantika. He was also the host of the docu-drama Kasangga.\n\nAwards\nFernandez has won two FAMAS Best Actor awards for the action films Batuigas...Pasukuin si Waway (Batuigas...Make Waway to Surrender) (1984) and Operation: Get Victor Corpuz, The Rebel Soldier (1988). In addition to these wins, FAMAS has also nominated Rudy Fernandez an additional 13 times from 1976 to 1998. He also won two FAP Best Actor awards for Batuigas... and for Birador (1998).\n\nIn 2007, FAMAS awarded him the Fernando Poe, Jr. Memorial Award. The next year, the Philippine Movie Press Club (PMPC) bestowed the 2008 Ulirang Artista Lifetime Achievement Award to Rudy Fernandez, at the 24th PMPC Star Awards for Movies. He was also the recipient of the Film Academy of the Philippines FPJ Lifetime Achievement Award.\n\nPersonal life\nFernandez hometown is Lubao, Pampanga. He came from famous Padilla showbiz clan in his maternal side. Robin, BB Gandanghari, and Rommel Padilla are his cousins and Zsa Zsa Padilla is a niece. He has one son, Mark Anthony Fernandez, with former partner Alma Moreno and two sons, Raphael Fernandez and Renz Fernandez with Lorna Tolentino, his wife. His grandson Grae (son of Mark Anthony Fernandez) also joined the showbiz industry.\n\nHe was survived by his wife, sons, and cousins; consequently, as he is the Padilla brothers' cousin, his grandson, Grae Fernandez, is the nephew of teen king Daniel Padilla.\n\nPolitics\nDuring the 2001 elections, Fernandez ran for mayor of Quezon City under the banner of the Puwersa ng Masa. Although he garnered most of the votes in District 2 where the voters were composed mostly of indigent citizens, he lost in the remaining three districts and was defeated by then-House Speaker Sonny Belmonte of the People Power Coalition.\n\nIllness and death\nIn 2007, it was revealed by Lorna Tolentino on Startalk that her husband had been diagnosed with periampullary cancer. Fernandez underwent treatment in Tokyo, Japan. After a healing Mass on May 10, 2008 by several friends at the Christ the King Church, Quezon City, he was rushed to a San Juan hospital for back pains. The Sun Star reported that Fernandez was actually suffering from pancreatic cancer, instead.\n\nFernandez celebrated his 25th wedding anniversary with Lorna Tolentino on June 1, 2008. He suffered a seizure three days later on June 4, but refused to be taken back to the Cardinal Santos Memorial Center in San Juan.\n\nFernandez died from periampullary cancer at his home in Quezon City on the morning of June 7, 2008.\n His remains were brought to The Heritage Park in Taguig City, and his interment took place on June 12, 2008 at 3 p.m. for his burial.\n\nFilmography\n\nMovies\n\nTelevision\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1952 births\n2008 deaths\n20th-century comedians\n20th-century Filipino male actors\n21st-century Filipino male actors\nBurials at The Heritage Park\nDeaths from cancer in the Philippines\nDeaths from pancreatic cancer\nRudy\nFilipino actor-politicians\nFilipino male child actors\nFilipino male comedians\nFilipino male film actors\nFilipino male television actors\nFilipino people of Chinese descent\nFilipino people of Spanish descent\nFilipino Roman Catholics\nFilipino television personalities\nKapampangan people\nMale actors from Manila\nPadilla family\nPeople from Tondo, Manila\nPeople from Pampanga\nUniversity of Santo Tomas alumni" ]

[ "Jacqueline Fernandez", "2009-2013: Debut and breakthrough", "What is most memorable about Jacqueline Fernandez's career?", "Mahesh Bhatt's thriller Murder 2 was Fernandez's first commercial success and marked a turning point in her career.", "Is there any thing interesting about Jacqueline Fernandez's career?", "]\". Despite the negative reviews, Fernandez received a Best Supporting Actress nomination at the 14th IIFA Awards for her performance.", "What makes Jacqueline Fernandez unique?", "While Gaurav Malini praised her for her looks, NDTV called her a \"blathering bimbo\" who \"find[s] no pleasure in [her role]\".", "What year is most memorable for Fernandez?", "2013" ]

[ "Maria Cielito \"Pops\" Lukban Fernandez (born December 12, 1966) is a Filipina singer, entertainer, entrepreneur, TV host and actress.\n\nBiography\nMaria Cielito \"Pops\" Lukban Fernandez was born on December 12, 1966, in Lucban, Quezon, to the late action star Eddie Fernandez and Dulce Lukban.\n\nFernandez began her music career at age 16 when she signed a contract with OctoArts Records (now PolyEast Records) in 1981. In 1982, Fernandez released her first album and co-hosted the Philippine television series The Penthouse Live! with Martin Nievera. She became a popular celebrity in the Philippines. She has appeared on the covers of several Philippine magazines.\n\nIn 1995, Fernandez joined the cast of another television program, ASAP together with her former husband Martin Nievera, along with Dayanara Torres and Ariel Rivera.\n\nFernandez was awarded the Best Female Musical Variety Show Host at the Philippine KBP Golden Dove Awards in 1999. She has also toured the United States, Japan, Hong Kong, Guam, and Italy promoting her music to Philippine audiences. She also released her album Shindig Live in 2001.\n\nIn 1998, Fernandez appeared in the TV drama, Nagmamahal Pa Rin Sa Iyo with Albert Martinez and Gary Estrada a mini TV series and the title of her hit album.\n\nFrom 1999 to 2006, Fernandez went back to acting this time without her husband Martin Nievera in 1999 she did the film, Linlang with Richard Gomez and Joyce Jimenez which earned her much respected praise. In 2001, she started in another Maryo J. de los Reyes thriller and political film, Gusto Ko Nang Lumigaya in which the singer-actress shed some skin for the role starring Albert Martinez, Diether Ocampo and Bojo Molina and also Anton Bernardo under Viva Films in 2002 she did her first Star Cinema Movie Videoke King with Robin Padilla and in 2006 started in the superhero movie Zsa Zsa Zaturnah under Regal Entertainment.\n\nIn June 2007, Fernandez co-hosted a Philippine show with Kuh Ledesma in Las Vegas. She was preparing for her December concert at the Araneta Coliseum marking her 25th anniversary in the Philippine entertainment industry.\n\nIn 2008, she performed with other Philippine singers such as Regine Velasquez, Kuh Ledesma and Zsa Zsa Padilla at the Araneta Coliseum called Divas 4 Divas.\n\nDuring her divorce in 1999, she ventured into doing movies such as Linlang starring Richard Gomez and Joyce Jimenez about a wronged wife out for revenge after learning of her husband's infidelity. The movie was directed by multi-awarded director, Maryo J. de los Reyes, which won her the Box Office Queen Award. In 2000, she did another movie under Reyes' direction in the suspense/thriller, Gusto Ko Nang Lumigaya. These two movies showed her acting prowess and boosted her acting career.\n\n2009–present\n\nIn 2009, Fernandez performed in the US leg of her The Divas 4 Divas Tour together with Regine Velasquez, Kuh Ledesma and Zsa Zsa Padilla. She released a new album under MCA Universal entitled Hope, which is a collection of cover versions including a new version of her 1983 song \"Little Star\".\n\nAfter appearing in I Love Betty La Fea, Fernandez became a judge in GMA Network's Are You the Next Big Star?, a singing contest/reality show. She also did a major concert with ex-husband Martin Nievera, entitled Missing You held at the Araneta Coliseum.\n\nIn 2010, Fernandez and Nievera reunited once again for a Valentine's Day concert entitled One More Time held at the SMX Convention Center. Aside from that, Fernandez was also a special guest in Sharon Cuneta's 'Up Close' U.S. concert. In 2011, she and Ogie Alcasid staged a back to back 2011 Valentine concert, 'I Valentine U' at Crowne Plaza Hotel. On June 14, she held a fabulous, fashion/style one-night concert, 'Pops in Fashion' at the Newport Performing Arts Theatre. In July, Fernandez and Ai-Ai delas Alas paired up for the 'Unstoppable' concert at the Grand Theatre in Reno, Nevada. In August, she also guested in Erik Santos' 'Power Ikons' concert at the Music Museum.\n\nIn 2012, Fernandez was an in-demand artist abroad along with Martin Nievera and friend, Ai-Ai delas Alas. They staged in Three's the Company, a musical love triangle in California on April 20. Fernandez and Nievera also did a series of shows, 'Twogether' in Toronto and Calgary on May 4 and 6. They also released an all duet covers album entitled No More Words. Back in the Philippines, Fernandez along with Jim Paredes hosted the one-night all-star OPM icons concert 'ICONS at MOA' on June 16. She was also invited to perform in Yokohama, Japan for the Philippine Barrio Fiesta in September. In the same month, she also hosted the PMPC Star Awards for Music and was given a special award, Natatanging Alagad ng Musika along with some OPM veterans. She also signed up to a contract with Viva Entertainment Group in November. In December, along with Lani Misalucha, she was given an honor of Walk of Fame by Kuya Germs in Eastwood City. Aside from singing and performing, Fernandez is also a businesswoman who created Cheapipay, a one-stop-shop online store.\n\nIn 2019, she is one of the 50 panelists around the world to participate in a new American reality talent show The World's Best by CBS. She is the first Filipina to be featured as a judge in an American reality talent show, She was not a judge. Bryan Boy who is a Filipino was a judge for ANTM USA. \n In 2020, Fernandez became the guest judge in The Clash season 3 while Misalucha did not return due to health reasons.\n\nDiscography\n\nAlbums\n1982: Pops (Canary Records)\n1983: Pops Fernandez in Love (Canary Records)\n1984: Heading for the Top (Canary Records)\n1986: The Best of Pops Fernandez (OctoArts International)\n1989: Awesome (Sunshine Records)\n1991: Change (Sunshine Records)\n1994: Pops (Dyna Music)\n1996: Colours (Star Music)\n1999: Nagmamahal Pa Rin Sa 'Yo (Star Music)\n1999: Moments (Viva Records)\n2001: Shindig Live (Viva Records)\n2001: The Story of Pops Fernandez (EMI Philippines, Inc.)\n2002: The Way I Feel Inside (Viva Records)\n2004: When Words Are Not Enough (Viva Records)\n2006: Silver (Viva Records)\n2006: Don't Say Goodbye (re-release) (Vicor Music Corporation)\n2009: Hope (MCA Music)\n2012: No More Words (collaboration with Martin Nievera) (PolyEast Records)\n\nCollaborations\n\"Bakit Ngayon Ka Lang\" with Freestyle (live)\n\"I Say a Little Prayer\" with Janno Gibbs\n\"Points of View\" with Joey Albert\n\"Nanliligaw Naliligaw\" with Mulatto\n\"It's You\" with Kris Lawrence\n\"Come What May\" with BLISS\n\"Kumusta Ka\" with Robin Padilla\n\"Always & Forever\" with Martin Nievera\n\"Goodbye\" with Martin Nievera\n\"Goodbye Girl\" with Martin Nievera\n\"High on Love\" with Martin Nievera\n\"One Heart\" with Martin Nievera\n\"Pagdating Ng Panahon\" with Martin Nievera\n\"Nandito Ako\" with Martin Nievera\n\"Forevermore\" with Martin Nievera\n\"Hands To Heaven\" with Martin Nievera\n\"Smile\" with Martin Nievera\n\"Umagang Kay Ganda\" with Martin Nievera\n\"Reunited\" with Martin Nievera\n\"You've Got a Friend\" with Dr. Manny Calayan\n\"Friends\" with Robin Nievera \n\"You'll Be in My Heart\" with Robin Nievera\n\"Cruisin\" with Keempee de Leon (live)\n\"Give Me Five\" with Tito, Vic and Joey\n\nCompilation appearances\n\nFilmography\n\nFilm\nLove Ko 'To (1980)\nPag-ibig Pa (1982)\nJust Say You Love Me (1982)\nPaano Ba ang Magmahal (1984)\nGive Me Five (1984)\nBilanggo...Prisons No. 10069 (1985)\nPayaso (1986)\nAlways and Forever (1986)\nSi Mister at Si Misis (1986)\nShoot That Ball (1987)\nStupid Cupid (1988)\nSa Puso Ko Hahalik Ang Mundo (1988)\nTwinkle, Twinkle Magic Star (1988)\nMagic to Love (1989)\nKung Maibabalik Ko Lang (1989)\nTamis ng Unang Halik (1989)\nLinlang (1999)\nGusto Ko Nang Lumigaya (2000)\nVideoke King (2002)\nZsazsa Zaturnnah Ze Moveeh (2006)\n\nTelevision\n\nAwards\n\nSee also\nRico J. Puno\nKuh Ledesma\nGeorge Canseco\nMartin Nievera\nGary Valenciano\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nPops Fernandez World's Best Talent Recap Interview\nPops Fernandez on FHM.com.ph\nPhilippine Post: Pops Fernandez\nPops Fernandez at Pinoycentral.com\n\ngmanews.tv/video, Pops Fernandez (in Filipino)\n\n1966 births\nLiving people\nActresses from Metro Manila\nFilipino child actresses\nFilipino child singers\nFilipino dance musicians\nFilipino film actresses\nFilipino television actresses\nFilipino television personalities\nFilipino women pop singers\nMCA Music Inc. (Philippines) artists\nPeople from Quezon\nPeople from Quezon City\nSingers from Metro Manila\nStar Magic\nViva Artists Agency\nViva Records (Philippines) artists", "Raymond Martinez Fernandez (December 17, 1914 – March 8, 1951) and Martha Jule Beck (May 6, 1920 – March 8, 1951) were an American serial killer couple. They were convicted of one murder, are known to have committed two more, and were suspected of having killed up to 20 victims during a spree between 1947 and 1949. \n\nAfter their arrest and trial for serial murder in 1949, they became known as \"The Lonely Hearts Killers\" for meeting their unsuspecting victims through lonely hearts ads. A number of films and television shows are based on this case.\n\nBefore the murders\n\nRaymond Fernandez\nRaymond Martinez Fernandez was born on December 17, 1914 in Hawaii to Spanish parents. Shortly thereafter, they moved to Bridgeport, Connecticut. As a teenager, he went to work on his uncle’s farm in Spain, married a local woman in Spain, named Encarnación Robles, at the age of 20, and had four children, all of whom he abandoned later in life.\n\nAfter serving in Spain's Merchant Marine and then British Intelligence during World War II, Fernandez decided to seek work. Shortly after boarding a ship bound for the United States, a steel hatch fell on him, fracturing his skull and injuring his frontal lobe. The damage caused by this injury may well have affected his social and sexual behavior. Upon his release from a hospital, Fernandez stole some clothing and was subsequently imprisoned for a year, during which time his cellmate converted him to a belief in voodoo and black magic. He later claimed black magic gave him irresistible power and charm over women.\n\nMartha Beck\nMartha Beck was born Martha Jule Seabrook on May 6, 1920 in Milton, Florida. Allegedly due to a glandular problem (then a common explanation for obesity), she was overweight and underwent puberty prematurely. At her trial, she claimed to have been raped by her brother. She went on to claim that, when she had told her mother what happened, her mother had beaten her, claiming that Martha was responsible. As a teen, Beck ran away from home to join a traveling circus. In 1978 writer Truman Capote said that he had also joined her for a short time when he was 10.\n\nAfter Martha finished school, she studied nursing but had trouble finding a job due to her weight. She initially became an undertaker's assistant and prepared female bodies for burial. She then quit that job and moved to California, where she worked in an Army hospital as a nurse. While living in California as a hospital nurse, she eventually became pregnant. She tried to convince the father to marry her, but he refused. Single and pregnant, she returned to Florida.\n\nMartha told people the father was a serviceman she had married, later claiming he had been killed in the Pacific Campaign. The town mourned her loss, and the story was published in the local newspaper. Shortly after her daughter was born, she became pregnant again by a Pensacola bus driver named Alfred Beck. They married quickly and divorced six months thereafter, and she gave birth to a son.\n\nUnemployed and the single mother of two young children, Beck escaped into a fantasy world, buying romance magazines and novels, and watching romantic movies. In 1946, she found employment at the Pensacola Hospital for Children. She placed a lonely hearts ad in 1947, which Raymond Fernandez answered.\n\nMurders\nFernandez visited Beck and stayed for a short time; she told everyone they were to be married. He returned to New York City while she made preparations in Milton, Florida, where she lived. When she was abruptly fired from her job, she packed up and arrived on his doorstep in New York. Fernandez enjoyed the way she catered to his every whim, and when he learned she had left her children for him, he thought it was a sign of an unconditional love. He confessed his criminal enterprises to Beck, who quickly sent her children to the Salvation Army in order to assist Fernandez without hindrances. \n\nShe posed as Fernandez's sister, giving him an air of respectability. Their victims, feeling more secure knowing there was another woman in the house, often agreed to stay with the pair. Beck also convinced some victims that she lived alone and that her \"brother\" was only a guest. Beck was extremely jealous and went to great lengths to make sure Fernandez and his \"intended\" never consummated their relationship. When he did have sex with a woman, Beck subjected both to her violent temper.\n\nIn 1949, the pair committed the three murders for which they later were convicted. Janet Fay, 66, became engaged to Fernandez and went to stay at his Long Island apartment. When Beck caught her in bed with Fernandez, she brutally attacked Fay's head with a hammer in a murderous rage. Fernandez then strangled Fay. Fay's family became suspicious when she disappeared, and Fernandez and Beck fled.\n\nBeck and Fernandez traveled to Byron Center Road in Wyoming Township, Michigan, a suburb of Grand Rapids, where they met and stayed with Delphine Downing, a 28-year-old widow with a two-year-old daughter. On February 28, Downing became agitated, and Fernandez gave her sleeping pills to calm her. The daughter witnessed Downing's resulting stupor and began to cry, which enraged Beck. Panicked, Beck choked the child but didn't kill her. Fernandez thought Downing would become suspicious if she saw her bruised daughter, so he shot the unconscious woman. The couple then stayed for several days in Downing's house. Again enraged by the daughter's crying, Beck drowned her in a basin of water. They buried the bodies in the basement, but suspicious neighbors reported the Downings' disappearances, leading the police to arrive at the door on March 1, 1949 and arrest Beck and Fernandez.\n\nTrial and executions\nFernandez quickly confessed. The pair vehemently denied committing 17 murders that were attributed to them, and Fernandez tried to retract his confession, saying he made it only to protect Beck.\n\nTheir trial was sensationalized, with lurid tales of sexual perversity. Newspaper reporters described Beck's appearance with derision, and she wrote protesting letters to the editors. Fernandez and Beck were convicted of Janet Fay's murder—the only one for which they were tried—and sentenced to death. They were executed on March 8, 1951.\n\nIn media \n\"Lonely Hearts Killers\", a 1960 episode of the American TV show Deadline, released on DVD in 2019\nThe Honeymoon Killers, 1970 American cult classic about the same events\nDeep Crimson, 1996 Mexican film about the same events\nLonely Hearts, 2006 American film about the same events\nAlleluia, 2014 Belgian-French film inspired by the same events\n A 2006 episode of the tv series Cold Case was called \"Lonely Hearts\", featuring a pair of killers named Martha Puck and Ramon Delgado.\n\nSee also\nLonely hearts scam\nList of serial killers in the United States\nList of serial killers by number of victims\n\nReferences\n\nSources\nLane, Brian and Gregg, Wilfred [1992]. The Encyclopedia Of Serial Killers. Berkley Books.\nFuchs, Christian [1996] (2002). Bad Blood. Creation Books.\n\nExternal links\nhttps://web.archive.org/web/20150209235409/http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/partners/fernandez/1.html at Crime Library (archived 2013)\n Martha Beck and Raymond Fernandez at Frances Farmers Revenge\n\n20th-century executions by New York (state)\n20th-century executions of American people\nAmerican murderers of children\nAmerican people convicted of murder\nAmerican people of Spanish descent\nCriminal duos\nCriminals from New York City\nExecuted American serial killers\nPeople convicted of murder by New York (state)\nPeople executed by New York (state) by electric chair\nViolence against women in the United States\nExecuted people from New York (state)\nInmates of Sing Sing\n1951 deaths\nWomen sentenced to death\nAmerican female serial killers\nMale serial killers\nPeople executed for murder" ]

[ "Merchandise Mart", "Expansions and renovations" ]

[ "The John B. Schuerholz Baseball Complex is a baseball venue located in Towson, Maryland, United States. It is used by the Towson University Tigers baseball team. It has a capacity of 500 spectators and opened in 2001. The playing surface of the field is natural grass.\n\nOn April 29, 2001, the baseball facility at Towson University was named John B. Schuerholz Park. The stadium is named in honor of John Schuerholz, a 1962 Towson alumnus and former member of the baseball program. His contributions to Towson University allowed the renovations to take place. He is currently the President of the Atlanta Braves.\n\nThe renovations to the facility included permanent seating, a press box, and a concessions area.\n\nSee also\n List of NCAA Division I baseball venues\n\nReferences\n\nCollege baseball venues in the United States\nBaseball venues in Maryland\nTowson Tigers sports venues\nTowson Tigers baseball\nSports venues in the Baltimore metropolitan area", "Homer Bryce Stadium, located in Nacogdoches, Texas, is the home of Stephen F. Austin State University's Lumberjack football and Ladyjack and Lumberjack track and field events. The stadium includes a walking and running track open to the public. After renovations to take place over the summer of 2021 the track will be closed to the public. Recent renovations to the area include a sports medicine and academic center addition to the field house that houses the new athletic training program and the installation of a new artificial turf surface provided by a donation from a former Lumberjack football letterman. A state of the art video board with replay screen was completed in September 2016, home to largest video board in the South land Conference.\n\nHistory\nOpened in 1973 as Lumberjack Stadium, the stadium seats 14,575 fans. Using the hill surrounding the playing field ups the capacity to nearly 25,000. Record attendance at the stadium was set on October 28, 1995 when 23,617 fans witnessed a game against the McNeese State Cowboys. Homer Bryce Stadium is also home to many premier high school football playoff matchups and track meets.\n\nIn 1986, the stadium was renamed Homer Bryce Stadium in honor of SFA benefactor Homer Bryce.\n\nRenovations\nThe stadium underwent renovations in 2003 with the addition of five luxury suites and the Touchdown Club located in the remodeled press box. Total capacity is 130 including the 90 seats in the Touchdown Club. Prior to the start of the 2013 season, SFA replaced the surface at Homer Bryce Stadium. During the summer, a Hellas Matrix® Turf surface was installed.\n\nFollowing the 2015 season the scoreboards at both ends were demolished to make way for a new video scoreboard from Daktronics. The new board would be the largest in the Southland Conference and third largest in FCS Football behind only South Dakota State and Northern Iowa.\n\nSee also\n List of NCAA Division I FCS football stadiums\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nHomer Bryce Stadium – Stephen F. Austin Official Athletic Site\n\nCollege football venues\nStephen F. Austin Lumberjacks football\nAmerican football venues in Texas" ]

[ "Merchandise Mart", "Expansions and renovations", "When did the renovations take place", "The Merchandise Mart was modernized in the late 1950s and 1960s." ]

[ "Entail Act (with its variations) is a stock short title used in the United Kingdom for legislation relating to entails.\n\nList\nThe Entail (Scotland) Act 1914 (4 & 5 Geo 5 c 43)\n\nThe Entail Acts is the collective title of the following Acts:\nThe Entail Act 1685 (c 26) [12mo ed: c 22]\nThe Tenures Abolition Act 1746 (20 Geo 2 c 50 ss 14, 15, 16, 17)\nThe Sales to Crown Act 1746 (20 Geo 2 c 51 ss 2, 3)\nThe Entail Improvement Act 1770 (10 Geo 3 c 51)\nThe Entail Provisions Act 1824 (5 Geo 4 c 87)\nThe Entail Powers Act 1836 (6 & 7 Will 4 c 42)\nThe Entail Sites Act 1840 (3 & 4 Vict c 48)\nThe Entail Amendment Act 1848 (11 & 12 Vict c 36)\nThe Entail Amendment Act 1853 (16 & 17 Vict c 94)\nThe Entail Cottages Act 1860 (23 & 24 Vict c 95)\nThe Entail Amendment Act 1868 (31 & 32 Vict c 84)\nThe Entail Amendment Act 1875 (38 & 39 Vict c 61)\nThe Entail Amendment Act 1878 (41 & 42 Vict c 28)\nThe Roads and Bridges (Scotland) Act 1878 (41 & 42 Vict c 51 s 70)\nThe Roads Amendment Act 1880 (43 Vict c 7)\nThe Entail (Scotland) Act 1882 (45 & 46 Vict c 53)\n\nSee also\nList of short titles\n\nReferences\n\nLists of legislation by short title and collective title", "The Entail Act 1685 (c 26) [12mo ed: c 22] was an Act of the Parliament of Scotland. It was one of the Entail Acts.\n\nThis Act was disapplied by section 2 of the Entail (Scotland) Act 1914.\n\nThe whole Act was repealed by sections 76(2) of, and Part I of Schedule 13 to, the Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000 on 28 November 2004. See also sections 58, 62 and 75.\n\nReferences\nHalsbury's Statutes,\n\nExternal links\nThe Entail Act 1685, as amended, from Legislation.gov.uk.\n\nActs of the Parliament of Scotland\n1680s in Scotland\n1685 in law" ]

[ "Merchandise Mart", "Expansions and renovations", "When did the renovations take place", "The Merchandise Mart was modernized in the late 1950s and 1960s.", "What did the renovations entail?", "The Indian chiefs were removed and replaced with concrete plates in 1961," ]

[ "\"How Much Is the Fish?\" is a hardcore/euro-dance song by German group Scooter. It was released in June 1998 as the lead single from their fifth studio album No Time to Chill. It is the first song to feature Axel Coon. It was made for the France '98 FIFA World Cup.\n\nTrack listing\nCD Single\n\"How Much Is the Fish?\" (3:45)\n\"How Much Is the Fish? [Extendedfish]\" (5:23)\n\"How Much Is the Fish? [Clubfish]\" (6:11)\n\"Sputnik\" (3:06)\n\n12-inch single\n\"How Much Is the Fish [Clubfish]\" (6:11)\n\"How Much Is the Fish [Extendedfish]\" (5:23)\n\nSamples\n\"How Much Is the Fish?\" samples the song \"Zeven Dagen Lang\" (Seven days long) by the Dutch band Bots. The melody originates from the traditional Breton song Son ar Chistr played on Alan Stivell's 1970 album Reflets. The title is derived from lyrics in the song \"Buffalo\" by Anglo-Irish indie group Stump, taken from the 1986 mini-album Quirk Out. The background music sample comes from the album version of the song Paradoxx from the German band 666.\n\nBackground\nIn May 2016, in response to increased popularity from a mention on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, Scooter answered the question about \"How much is the fish?\" on their Facebook page, revealing that \"the fish\" was actually the one they bought for their studio aquarium, and it cost 3.80 DM (1.94 €).\n\nChart performance\n\nYear-end charts\n\nCertifications\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nScooter Official site\nScooter singer finally reveals how much the fish cost\nScooter quotes\n\nScooter (band) songs\n1998 singles\nSongs written by Rick J. Jordan\nSongs written by H.P. Baxxter\n1998 songs\nTechno songs\nSongs written by Jens Thele", "Flotation cost is the total cost incurred by a company in offering its securities to the public. They arise from expenses such as underwriting fees, legal fees and registration fees. Firms are well advised to consider the magnitude of these fees as they also impact how much capital they can raise from an initial public offering. The more is the flotation cost the less viable is the source.\n\nReferences \n\nAccounting" ]

[ "Merchandise Mart", "Expansions and renovations", "When did the renovations take place", "The Merchandise Mart was modernized in the late 1950s and 1960s.", "What did the renovations entail?", "The Indian chiefs were removed and replaced with concrete plates in 1961,", "How much did it cost?", "After a 10-year, $100 million modernization in the late 1980s" ]

[ "Unidad Deportiva Acapulco (English:Acapulco Sports Complex) is a sports complex composed of a 13,000-seat soccer and track and field stadium and a baseball stadium which can seat thousands. The soccer/track stadium, which originally seated 8,600, is currently home to the Águilas UAGro soccer team of the Mexican Tercera División, which began play in 2009. The baseball stadium is currently used for amateur and semi-pro baseball, and skateboarding.\n\nThe complex had been in poor condition for several years but has received major renovations in recent years. The grass fields were replaced in 2009 with artificial turf. Additionally, the bathrooms, locker rooms and offices have been refurbished, and a new roof was installed on the soccer/track stadium's main grandstand. The cost of the renovations was $2.5 million pesos. The complex was completed in 1975.\n\nThe complex also includes an Olympic-sized swimming pool and basketball courts.\n\nOther events that have been held at the complex have been track meets, concerts, lucha libre, and boxing. Should Acapulco receive a Mexican Baseball League expansion team, the baseball stadium could either be expanded or rebuilt to seat over 10,000. And should los Guerreros be promoted to the Liga de Ascenso the soccer/track stadium could be expanded to seat as many as 19,000, and should the team be promoted to the Primera Division de Mexico, additional construction could push the soccer/track stadium's capacity to as high as twice its current capacity.\n\nReferences\n\nBaseball venues in Mexico\nFootball venues in Mexico\nAcapulco\nSports venues in Guerrero", "Ponzio's is a family style diner, bar, and bakery located in Cherry Hill, New Jersey at the former Ellisburg Circle. Ponzio's opened in 1964 and is a popular eatery in the Philadelphia metropolitan area, hosting families, power brokers, and celebrities. It is considered an iconic location and is known as Cherry Hill's oldest restaurant.\n\nThe diner went through many different owners over the years and has remained a family business ever since it opened. In 1979, the diner made some major renovations. In 1984, the bar room was built. Recent changes of the bar were made in 2005, where plasma televisions were added, along with other renovations.\n\nPonzio's uses the slogan \"Not Your Typical Diner\" and is said to have employed over 10,000 people.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nDiners in the United States\nRestaurants in New Jersey\nCherry Hill, New Jersey\nBuildings and structures in Camden County, New Jersey\nRestaurants established in 1964\nCommercial buildings completed in 1964\n1964 establishments in New Jersey" ]

[ "Merchandise Mart", "Expansions and renovations", "When did the renovations take place", "The Merchandise Mart was modernized in the late 1950s and 1960s.", "What did the renovations entail?", "The Indian chiefs were removed and replaced with concrete plates in 1961,", "How much did it cost?", "After a 10-year, $100 million modernization in the late 1980s", "Have there been any other recent renovations?", "The project was completed in 1991." ]

[ "In mathematics, especially in combinatorics, Stirling numbers of the first kind arise in the study of permutations. In particular, the Stirling numbers of the first kind count permutations according to their number of cycles (counting fixed points as cycles of length one).\n\n(The Stirling numbers of the first and second kind can be understood as inverses of one another when viewed as triangular matrices. This article is devoted to specifics of Stirling numbers of the first kind. Identities linking the two kinds appear in the article on Stirling numbers in general.)\n\nDefinitions\nThe original definition of Stirling numbers of the first kind was algebraic: they are the coefficients s(n, k) in the expansion of the falling factorial\n\ninto powers of the variable x:\n\nFor example, , leading to the values , , and .\n\nSubsequently, it was discovered that the absolute values |s(n, k)| of these numbers are equal to the number of permutations of certain kinds. These absolute values, which are known as unsigned Stirling numbers of the first kind, are often denoted or . They may be defined directly to be the number of permutations of n elements with k disjoint cycles. For example, of the permutations of three elements, there is one permutation with three cycles (the identity permutation, given in one-line notation by or in cycle notation by ), three permutations with two cycles (, , and ) and two permutations with one cycle ( and ). Thus, , and . These can be seen to agree with the previous calculation of for .\nIt was observed by Alfréd Rényi that the unsigned Stirling number also count the number \nof permutations of size n with k left-to-right maxima.\n\nThe unsigned Stirling numbers may also be defined algebraically, as the coefficients of the rising factorial:\n.\n\nThe notations used on this page for Stirling numbers are not universal, and may conflict with notations in other sources. (The square bracket notation is also common notation for the Gaussian coefficients.)\n\nFurther example\n\nThe image at right shows that : the symmetric group on 4 objects has 3 permutations of the form\n\n (having 2 orbits, each of size 2),\n\nand 8 permutations of the form\n\n (having 1 orbit of size 3 and 1 orbit of size 1).\n\nSigns\nThe signs of the (signed) Stirling numbers of the first kind are predictable and depend on the parity of . In particular,\n\nRecurrence relation\nThe unsigned Stirling numbers of the first kind can be calculated by the recurrence relation\n\n \n\nfor , with the initial conditions\n\nfor n > 0.\n\nIt follows immediately that the (signed) Stirling numbers of the first kind satisfy the recurrence\n\n .\n\nTable of values\n\nBelow is a triangular array of unsigned values for the Stirling numbers of the first kind, similar in form to Pascal's triangle. These values are easy to generate using the recurrence relation in the previous section.\n\nProperties\n\nSimple identities\nNote that although\n\nwe have if n > 0\n\nand\n\n if k > 0, or more generally if k > n.\n\nAlso\n\nand\n\nSimilar relationships involving the Stirling numbers hold for the Bernoulli polynomials. Many relations for the Stirling numbers shadow similar relations on the binomial coefficients. The study of these 'shadow relationships' is termed umbral calculus and culminates in the theory of Sheffer sequences. Generalizations of the Stirling numbers of both kinds to arbitrary complex-valued inputs may be extended through the relations of these triangles to the Stirling convolution polynomials.\n\nNote that all the combinatorial proofs above use either binomials or multinomials of .\n\nTherefore if is prime, then:\n\n for .\n\nOther relations\n\nExpansions for fixed k\n\nSince the Stirling numbers are the coefficients of a polynomial with roots 0, 1, ..., , one has by Vieta's formulas that\n\nIn other words, the Stirling numbers of the first kind are given by elementary symmetric polynomials evaluated at 0, 1, ..., . In this form, the simple identities given above take the form\n\nand so on.\n\nOne may produce alternative forms for the Stirling numbers of the first kind with a similar approach preceded by some algebraic manipulation: since\n\nit follows from Newton's formulas that one can expand the Stirling numbers of the first kind in terms of generalized harmonic numbers. This yields identities like\n\nwhere Hn is the harmonic number and Hn(m) is the generalized harmonic number\n\nThese relations can be generalized to give\n\nwhere w(n, m) is defined recursively in terms of the generalized harmonic numbers by\n \n(Here δ is the Kronecker delta function and is the Pochhammer symbol.)\n\nFor fixed these weighted harmonic number expansions are generated by the generating function\n\nwhere the notation means extraction of the coefficient of from the following formal power series (see the non-exponential Bell polynomials and section 3 of ).\n\nMore generally, sums related to these weighted harmonic number expansions of the Stirling numbers of the first kind can be defined through generalized zeta series transforms of generating functions.\n\nOne can also \"invert\" the relations for these Stirling numbers given in terms of the -order harmonic numbers to write the integer-order generalized harmonic numbers in terms of weighted sums of terms involving the Stirling numbers of the first kind. For example, when the second-order and third-order harmonic numbers are given by\n\nMore generally, one can invert the Bell polynomial generating function for the Stirling numbers expanded in terms of the -order harmonic numbers to obtain that for integers\n\nFactorial-related sums\n\nFor all positive integer m and n, one has\n\nwhere is the rising factorial. This formula is a dual of Spivey's result for the Bell numbers.\n\nOther related formulas involving the falling factorials, Stirling numbers of the first kind, and in some cases Stirling numbers of the second kind include the following:\n\nInversion relations and the Stirling transform\n\nFor any pair of sequences, and , related by a finite sum Stirling number formula given by\n\nfor all integers , we have a corresponding inversion formula for given by\n\nThese inversion relations between the two sequences translate into functional equations between the sequence exponential generating functions given by the Stirling (generating function) transform as\n\nand\n\nThe differential operators and are related by the following formulas for all integers :\n\nAnother pair of \"inversion\" relations involving the Stirling numbers relate the forward differences and the ordinary derivatives of a function, , which is analytic for all by the formulas\n\nCongruences\n\nThe following congruence identity may be proved via a generating function-based approach:\n\nMore recent results providing Jacobi-type J-fractions that generate the single factorial function and generalized factorial-related products lead to other new congruence results for the Stirling numbers of the first kind.\nFor example, working modulo we can prove that\n\nand working modulo we can similarly prove that\n\nMore generally, for fixed integers if we define the ordered roots\n\nthen we may expand congruences for these Stirling numbers defined as the coefficients\n\nin the following form where the functions, , denote fixed \npolynomials of degree in for each , , and :\n\nSection 6.2 of the reference cited above provides more explicit expansions related to these congruences for the -order harmonic numbers and for the generalized factorial products, . In the previous examples, the notation denotes Iverson's convention.\n\nGenerating functions\nA variety of identities may be derived by manipulating the generating function:\n\nUsing the equality\n\nit follows that\n\n(This identity is valid for formal power series, and the sum converges in the complex plane for |z| < 1.) Other identities arise by exchanging the order of summation, taking derivatives, making substitutions for z or u, etc. For example, we may derive:\n\nand\n\nor\n\nand\n\nwhere and are the Riemann zeta function and the Hurwitz zeta function respectively, and even evaluate this integral\n\nwhere is the gamma function. There also exist more complicated expressions for the zeta-functions involving the Stirling numbers. One, for example, has\n\nThis series generalizes Hasse's series for the Hurwitz zeta-function (we obtain Hasse's series by setting k=1).\n\nAsymptotics\n\nThe next estimate given in terms of the Euler gamma constant applies:\n\nFor fixed we have the following estimate as :\n\nWe can also apply the saddle point asymptotic methods from Temme's article to obtain other estimates for the Stirling numbers of the first kind. These estimates are more involved and complicated to state. Nonetheless, we provide an example. \nIn particular, we define the log gamma function, , whose higher-order derivatives are given in terms of polygamma functions as\n\nwhere we consider the (unique) saddle point of the function to be the solution of when . Then for and the constants\n\nwe have the following asymptotic estimate as :\n\nFinite sums\nSince permutations are partitioned by number of cycles, one has\n\nThe identity\n\ncan be proved by the techniques on the page\nStirling numbers and exponential generating functions.\n\nThe table in section 6.1 of Concrete Mathematics provides a plethora of generalized forms of finite sums involving the Stirling numbers. Several particular finite sums relevant to this article include\n\nOther finite sum identities involving the signed Stirling numbers of the first kind found, for example, in the NIST Handbook of Mathematical Functions (Section 26.8) include the following sums:\n\nAdditionally, if we define the second-order Eulerian numbers by the triangular recurrence relation \n\nwe arrive at the following identity related to the form of the Stirling convolution polynomials which can be employed to generalize both Stirling number triangles to arbitrary real, or complex-valued, values of the input :\n\nParticular expansions of the previous identity lead to the following identities expanding the Stirling numbers of the first kind for the first few small values of :\n\nSoftware tools for working with finite sums involving Stirling numbers and Eulerian numbers are provided by the RISC Stirling.m package utilities in Mathematica. Other software packages for guessing formulas for sequences (and polynomial sequence sums) involving Stirling numbers and other special triangles is available for both Mathematica and Sage here and here, respectively.\n\nFurthermore, infinite series involving the finite sums with the Stirling numbers often lead to the special functions. For example\n\nor\n\nand\n\nor even\n\nwhere γm are the Stieltjes constants and δm,0 represents the Kronecker delta function.\n\nExplicit formula\nThe Stirling number s(n,n-p) can be found from the formula\n\nwhere The sum is a sum over all partitions of p.\n\nAnother exact nested sum expansion for these Stirling numbers is computed by elementary symmetric polynomials corresponding to the coefficients in of a product of the form . In particular, we see that\n\nNewton's identities combined with the above expansions may be used to give an alternate proof of the weighted expansions involving the generalized harmonic numbers already noted above.\n\nAnother explicit formula for reciprocal powers of n is given by the following identity for integers :\n\nNotice that this last identity immediately implies relations between the polylogarithm functions, the Stirling number exponential generating functions given above, and the Stirling-number-based power series for the generalized Nielsen polylogarithm functions.\n\nRelations to natural logarithm function \nThe nth derivative of the μth power of the natural logarithm involves the signed Stirling numbers of the first kind:\n\nwhere is the falling factorial, and is the signed Stirling number.\n\nIt can be proved by using mathematical induction.\n\nGeneralizations\n\nThere are many notions of generalized Stirling numbers that may be defined (depending on application) in a number of differing combinatorial contexts. In so much as the Stirling numbers of the first kind correspond to the coefficients of the distinct polynomial expansions of the single factorial function, , we may extend this notion to define triangular recurrence relations for more general classes of products.\n\nIn particular, for any fixed arithmetic function and symbolic parameters , related generalized factorial products of the form\n\nmay be studied from the point of view of the classes of generalized Stirling numbers of the first kind defined by the following coefficients of the powers of in the expansions of and then by the next corresponding triangular recurrence relation:\n\nThese coefficients satisfy a number of analogous properties to those for the Stirling numbers of the first kind as well as recurrence relations and functional equations related to the f-harmonic numbers, .\n\nOne special case of these bracketed coefficients corresponding to allows us to expand the multiple factorial, or multifactorial functions as polynomials in (see generalizations of the double factorial).\n\nThe Stirling numbers of both kinds, the binomial coefficients, and the first and second-order Eulerian numbers are all defined by special cases of a triangular super-recurrence of the form\n\nfor integers and where whenever or . In this sense, the form of the Stirling numbers of the first kind may also be generalized by this parameterized super-recurrence for fixed scalars (not all zero).\n\nSee also\n Stirling polynomials\n Stirling numbers\n Stirling numbers of the second kind\n Random permutation statistics\n\nReferences\n\n The Art of Computer Programming\n Concrete Mathematics\n \n .\n \n\nPermutations\nFactorial and binomial topics\nTriangles of numbers\nOperations on numbers\n\npl:Liczby Stirlinga#Liczby Stirlinga I rodzaju", "\"What Have You Done\" is the first single from Dutch symphonic metal and rock band Within Temptation's fourth studio album The Heart of Everything (2007). The song features guest vocals from Life of Agony's lead singer Mina Caputo and it was released as the album's first single in early 2007 (see 2007 in music). It became their first charting single in Canada and in the United States. A new edit and version of the song was released in the US through iTunes on 26 June 2007.\n\nMusic video\nThere are two music videos for \"What Have You Done\".\n\nIn the first video, Sharon den Adel is a spy. Mina Caputo is an FBI agent who has been assigned the task of capturing den Adel. They were formerly lovers, but an unconfirmed issue rose between them, causing them to separate. Caputo searches the world for Adel before finally locating her singing with the band in a bar in Thailand; however, he is thrown out by the bouncer and is refused re-entry. Den Adel stands behind the bouncer, grinning suspiciously. She makes her way through a jungle in the next scene, with Caputo following her. After reaching a cliff with no escape, den Adel faces Caputo and whispers \"I love you.\" She turns and jumps off the cliff. Although Caputo is under the impression that den Adel did not survive the fall, at the end she is lying on rocks, smiling.\n\nIn the alternative video, den Adel seems to be leaving an abusive partner. Her partner is left behind in a house, and trashes it, smashing mirrors and vases. This video has a more sinister and dark atmosphere present. This video also contains footage of Caputo, although not together with any member of Within Temptation.\n\nThe first video was quickly replaced by this version. The band stated that they wanted to replace the video because the \"band shots were too dark and the 'jungle' part didn't look very convincing.\"\nOnly the second version was released on DVD with the special edition of The Heart of Everything and with Black Symphony. A new edit of this version was also used to promote the single in the United States.\n\nLive versions\n\n\"What Have You Done\" (feat. Mina Caputo) was also released as a live version on the band's Black Symphony release. Roadrunner Records USA/Australia used this version to promote Black Symphony before its release. This recording with the Metropole Orchestra in Ahoy, Rotterdam, 2008 was one of the two only live performances of the song in which Mina Caputo sang along live (the other one being at the Dauwpop festival in 2007). In other performances, the band plays a video of Mina Caputo singing on screen and encourages the audience to sing the parts.\n\nIn acoustic performances of this song, as found on the \"Frozen\" maxi-single and the special edition of The Heart of Everything, Caputo's vocals are absent and Sharon den Adel sings Caputo's parts as well. On the live album An Acoustic Night at the Theatre, \"What Have You Done\" appears as a duet with Caputo once again, although Caputo's vocals were not recorded live.\n\n\"What Have You Done\" in other media\nThis song is available as a downloadable song in the games Guitar Hero World Tour, Guitar Hero 5, and Guitar Hero: Warriors of Rock. In 2008, Dutch TV program Koefnoen made a parody on this song titled \"What Am I Doing Here\".\n\nFormats and track listings\nThese are the formats and track listings of major single releases of \"What Have You Done\".\n\nEuropean CD promotional single\n\"What Have You Done\" (European radio version) a.k.a. (single version) (3:59)\n\"What Have You Done\" (rock mix) (3:52)\n\nCanadian and European CD single\n\"What Have You Done\" (European radio version) a.k.a. (single version) (3:59)\n\"What Have You Done\" (album version) (5:16)\n\nEuropean maxi CD single\n\"What Have You Done\" (European radio version) a.k.a. (single version) (3:59)\n\"What Have You Done\" (album version) (5:16)\n\"Blue Eyes\" (non-album track) (5:26)\n\"Aquarius\" (Live at Java-eiland, Amsterdam) (4:46)\n\"Caged\" (Live at Java-eiland, Amsterdam) (5:44)\n\nUS promotional single number one\n\"What Have You Done\" (US edit) (3:24)\n\nUS promotional single number two\n\"What Have You Done\" (US pop mix) (4:00)\n\nUS iTunes EP (digital exclusive)\n\"What Have You Done\" (US edit) (3:24)\n\"What Have You Done\" (album version) (5:16)\n\"What Have You Done\" (acoustic live) (4:33)\n\"What Have You Done\" (video)\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nReferences\n\n2007 singles\nWithin Temptation songs\nSongs written by Sharon den Adel\nSongs written by Robert Westerholt\n2007 songs\nRoadrunner Records singles" ]

[ "Merchandise Mart", "Expansions and renovations", "When did the renovations take place", "The Merchandise Mart was modernized in the late 1950s and 1960s.", "What did the renovations entail?", "The Indian chiefs were removed and replaced with concrete plates in 1961,", "How much did it cost?", "After a 10-year, $100 million modernization in the late 1980s", "Have there been any other recent renovations?", "The project was completed in 1991.", "What kind of expansions have they done?", "In 1977, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill designed the Chicago Apparel Center, located on the west side of Orleans Street, which increased" ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Merchandise Mart", "Expansions and renovations", "When did the renovations take place", "The Merchandise Mart was modernized in the late 1950s and 1960s.", "What did the renovations entail?", "The Indian chiefs were removed and replaced with concrete plates in 1961,", "How much did it cost?", "After a 10-year, $100 million modernization in the late 1980s", "Have there been any other recent renovations?", "The project was completed in 1991.", "What kind of expansions have they done?", "In 1977, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill designed the Chicago Apparel Center, located on the west side of Orleans Street, which increased", "Are there any interesting aspects of this article?", "Some of the carvings were later found in a suburban backyard and auctioned in 2014." ]

[ "Vin de pays (, \"country wine\") was a French wine classification that was above the vin de table classification, but below the appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) classification and below the former vin délimité de qualité supérieure classification. The vin de pays classification was replaced by the EU indication Indication Géographique Protégée in 2009.\n\nLegislation on the Vin de pays terminology was created in 1973 and passed in 1979, allowing producers to distinguish wines that were made using grape varieties or procedures other than those required by the AOC rules, without having to use the simple and commercially non-viable table wine classification. Unlike table wines, which are only indicated as being from France, Vin de pays carries a geographic designation of origin, the producers have to submit the wine for analysis and tasting, and the wines have to be made from certain varieties or blends. Regulations regarding varieties and labelling practices were typically more lenient than the regulations for AOC wines.\n\nTaxonomy \nThere were three tiers of Vin de Pays: regional, departmental and local.\n\nThere were seven regional Vins de Pays, which cover large areas of France. The most voluminous contributor to this category of wines was Vin de Pays d'Oc, from the Languedoc-Roussillon area in Mediterranean France. The second largest volume of Vin de Pays wines was produced as Vin de Pays de la Loire, a designation that applies to wines from the whole Loire Valley and Chablis. The others were: (south-west), Vin de Pays de Méditerranée (south-east, Provence and Corsica) and Vin de Pays des Comtés Rhodaniens (Rhone valley). Vin de Pays Terres du Midi, approved in mid-2018 for certain blended wines produced in Languedoc and Roussillon. Two further regional Vin de Pays designations, Vin de Pays de l'Atlantique (Bordeaux and Charentes (Cognac)) and Vin de Pays Vignobles de France (all of wine-making France) were approved by French authorities in 2007, but (together with Vin de Pays de Gaules for the Beaujolais region) remain disputed and as of July 2009, they remained unpublished in the Official Journal of the European Union due to actions taken by other French wine producers. The Vin de Pays Vignobles de France has now been replaced by a table wine designation Vin de France, launched in August 2009.\n\nEach regional Vin de Pays was divided into several departmental Vins de Pays, of which there were about 50. The names were derived from the French departments in question and the limits exactly the same as the department's borders. For example, Vin de Pays du Gard was one of the Vins de Pays produced within Vins de Pays d'Oc using grapes from the Gard department and the Vin de Pays de Charente-maritime was produced in the Cognac area. Approximately one third of the French departments don't produce Vin de Pays, some like Côte d'Or in Burgundy and Gironde in Bordeaux because their wine production was entirely in the higher AOC tier, and others because their climate was not suited to wine production at all, like the Bretagne, Normandy and Nord-Pas de Calais regions.\n\nThe local, or zone-defined Vins de pays were numerous, and may have taken their name from some historical or geographical phenomenon, such as Vin de Pays des Marches de Bretagne or Vin de Pays des Coteaux de l'Ardeche, or even a more locally specific variant. The boundaries of a zone may reflect a consistent terroir, rather than an administrative convenience, and could potentially in the long run achieve the status of an AOC.\n\nProduction rules \n\nThe conditions to respect to be allowed to use the classification Vin de pays were the following:\n\n The yield must be less than 90 hectoliters per hectare for white wines, and less than 85 hl for red and rosé wines.\n Only wine producers with a total yield of less than 100 hl/ha can qualify.\n The minimum alcoholic strength depends on the region and was 10% in Le Midi, 9.5% in South-west France area and the Centre East area, and 9% for the Loire Valley and the East area.\n The allowed amounts of sulfur dioxide allowed in the wines were 125 mg/l for red wines and 150 mg/l for white and rosé wines. For wines with sugar content of at least 5 g/l, the quantity of sulfur dioxide was slightly higher: 150 mg/l for red wines and 175 mg/l for white and rosé wines.\n The acidity in terms of pH values was also regulated, with some Vin de Pays areas having stricter rules than others.\n The wines were required to be kept and produced separately from other wines (e.g. production for table wines) and were subject to quality monitoring by an official regional committee.\n\nEconomic effects \n\nIn terms of volume, Vins de Pays d'Oc and Vin de Pays du Val de Loire (previously known as Vins de Pays du Jardin de France) were responsible for the majority of French exports.\n\nOriginally, Vin de Pays designation was commonly viewed as inferior to an AOC Appellation, often being ascribed to thin and simple wines. However, since the late 1980s, an increase in demand for varietal wines has led some French producers and cooperatives to produce more Vin de Pays, especially Vin de Pays d'Oc, to make varietal wines with some form of designation, while turning away from the highly restrictive AOC classification which often requires very specific blends of grape varieties.\n\nThis can be seen as a response to the increasing sales success of varietal New World wines from Australia, New Zealand, the United States, South Africa and Chile. As well as varietal wines (such as Cabernet Sauvignon or Merlot), Vin de Pays was used to produce non-traditional blends which do not meet the requirements of AOC or VDQS regulations. Some of these wines are considered much better, and command higher prices, than AOC or VDQS wines from the same region, or even the same winemakers.\n\nSee also\nIndicazione Geografica Tipica of Italy\nVino de la Tierra of Spain\nVinho Regional of Portugal\nGerman wine classification Landwein of Germany\n\nReferences\n\nFrench wine\nWine classification", "In game theory, the unscrupulous diner's dilemma (or just diner's dilemma) is an n-player prisoner's dilemma. The situation imagined is that several people go out to eat, and before ordering, they agree to split the cost equally between them. Each diner must now choose whether to order the costly or cheap dish. It is presupposed that the costlier dish is better than the cheaper, but not by enough to warrant paying the difference when eating alone. Each diner reasons that, by ordering the costlier dish, the extra cost to their own bill will be small, and thus the better dinner is worth the money. However, all diners having reasoned thus, they each end up paying for the costlier dish, which by assumption, is worse than had they each ordered the cheaper.\n\nFormal definition and equilibrium analysis\nLet a represent the joy of eating the expensive meal, b the joy of eating the cheap meal, k is the cost of the expensive meal, l the cost of the cheap meal, and n the number of players. From the description above we have the following ordering . Also, in order to make the game sufficiently similar to the Prisoner's dilemma we presume that one would prefer to order the expensive meal given others will help defray the cost, \n\nConsider an arbitrary set of strategies by a player's opponent. Let the total cost of the other players' meals be x. The cost of ordering the cheap meal is and the cost of ordering the expensive meal is . So the utilities for each meal are for the expensive meal and for the cheaper meal. By assumption, the utility of ordering the expensive meal is higher. Remember that the choice of opponents' strategies was arbitrary and that the situation is symmetric. This proves that the expensive meal is strictly dominant and thus the unique Nash equilibrium.\n\nIf everyone orders the expensive meal all of the diners pay k and the utility of every player is . On the other hand, if all the individuals had ordered the cheap meal, the utility of every player would have been . Since by assumption , everyone would be better off. This demonstrates the similarity between the diner's dilemma and the prisoner's dilemma. Like the prisoner's dilemma, everyone is worse off by playing the unique equilibrium than they would have been if they collectively pursued another strategy.\n\nExperimental evidence\nGneezy, Haruvy, and Yafe (2004) tested these results in a field experiment. Groups of six diners faced different billing arrangements. In one arrangement the diners pay individually, in the second they split the bill evenly between themselves and in the third the meal is paid entirely by the experimenter. As predicted, the consumption is the smallest when the payment is individually made, the largest when the meal is free and in-between for the even split. In a fourth arrangement, each participant pays only one sixth of their individual meal and the experimenter pay the rest, to account for possible unselfishness and social considerations. There was no difference between the amount consumed by these groups and those splitting the total cost of the meal equally. As the private cost of increased consumption is the same for both treatments but splitting the cost imposes a burden on other group members, this indicates that participants did not take the welfare of others into account when making their choices. This contrasts to a large number of laboratory experiments where subjects face analytically similar choices but the context is more abstract.\n\nSee also \nTragedy of the commons\nFree rider problem\nAbilene paradox\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \nIf You're Paying, I'll Have Top Sirloin by Russell Roberts\n\nNon-cooperative games\nDilemmas" ]

[ "Merchandise Mart", "Expansions and renovations", "When did the renovations take place", "The Merchandise Mart was modernized in the late 1950s and 1960s.", "What did the renovations entail?", "The Indian chiefs were removed and replaced with concrete plates in 1961,", "How much did it cost?", "After a 10-year, $100 million modernization in the late 1980s", "Have there been any other recent renovations?", "The project was completed in 1991.", "What kind of expansions have they done?", "In 1977, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill designed the Chicago Apparel Center, located on the west side of Orleans Street, which increased", "Are there any interesting aspects of this article?", "Some of the carvings were later found in a suburban backyard and auctioned in 2014.", "Who pays for all of these expensive renovations?", "I don't know." ]

[ "The Shepshed Building Society was a UK building society, which had its head office in Shepshed, Leicestershire. It merged with the larger Nottingham Building Society on 1 July 2013. The three former Shepshed branches rebranded under Nottingham's name.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nShepshed Building Society\nBuilding Societies Association\nKPMG Building Societies Database 2008\nMoneysupermarket.com list of \"Who Owns Who?\" 2010.\n\nShepshed\nFormer building societies of the United Kingdom\nBanks established in 1879\nOrganizations established in 1879\nBanks disestablished in 2013\nCompanies based in Leicestershire\n1879 establishments in England", "Arabesque is a Romanian company based in Galați, which distributes building materials and operates hardware stores. The network comprises 7 Mathaus DIY stores and 22 Arabesque warehouses in Romania. It also operates 6 warehouses in Republic of Moldova, Bulgaria and Ukraine.\nThe company was founded in 1994 and is owned by Romanian businessman Cezar Rapotan who also owns shares of the manufacturer of steel structures Sibel FIERCTC and of the energy solutions company Chorus Marketing and Distribution.\n\nThe first warehouse outside Romania was opened in 2005, in Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, as Arabesque Construct.\n\nIn July 2006, Arabesque has acquired the Budmax network, the third largest player in the building materials business-to-business market in Ukraine. In 2020 Arabesque still operates only 3 of the 10 warehouses that still operate under the Budmax brand in Ukraine.\n\nArabesque also owns in Bulgaria a Budmax warehouse in Sofia since 2006 and in Burgas since 2007.\n\nReferences\n\nRetail companies established in 1994\nHardware stores\nRetail companies of Romania" ]

[ "Merchandise Mart", "Expansions and renovations", "When did the renovations take place", "The Merchandise Mart was modernized in the late 1950s and 1960s.", "What did the renovations entail?", "The Indian chiefs were removed and replaced with concrete plates in 1961,", "How much did it cost?", "After a 10-year, $100 million modernization in the late 1980s", "Have there been any other recent renovations?", "The project was completed in 1991.", "What kind of expansions have they done?", "In 1977, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill designed the Chicago Apparel Center, located on the west side of Orleans Street, which increased", "Are there any interesting aspects of this article?", "Some of the carvings were later found in a suburban backyard and auctioned in 2014.", "Who pays for all of these expensive renovations?", "I don't know.", "Who owns the building/", "I don't know." ]

[ "\"How Long's a Tear Take to Dry?\" is a single by British pop rock group the Beautiful South from their sixth album, Quench (1998). It was written by Paul Heaton and Dave Rotheray. The lyrics, which take the form of a conversation between two reconciling lovers, are noted for a reference to the TARDIS from Doctor Who. According to the book Last Orders at the Liars Bar: the Official Story of the Beautiful South, \"How Long's a Tear Take To Dry?\" was originally to be called \"She Bangs the Buns\" due to its chord structure reminiscent of Manchester's the Stone Roses. The song reached number 12 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming the band's twelfth and final top-twenty hit.\n\nSingle release\n\"How Long's a Tear Take to Dry?\" reached number 12 in the UK Singles Chart in March 1999. Although not released on vinyl, it was given a dual-CD release in the UK. B-sides included a remix of \"How Long's a Tear Take to Dry?\" as well as acoustic versions of three other songs: \"Perfect 10\", \"Big Coin\", and \"Rotterdam\". On 18 March 1999, the band performed \"How Long's a Tear Take to Dry?\" live on the BBC music programme Top of the Pops.\n\nMusic video\nThe music video, available on The Beautiful South's compilation DVD Munch, is a humorous account of The Beautiful South on a world tour in order to pay for drinks at the local bar. The band is portrayed by cartoon versions of themselves, in a style reminiscent of 1960s-era Hanna-Barbera cartoons, and Scooby-Doo in particular. In the commentary track on the Munch DVD, Paul Heaton explains that the video was actually produced by Hanna-Barbera.\n\nTrack listings\n\nUK CD1\n \"How Long's a Tear Take to Dry?\"\n \"How Long's a Tear Take to Dry?\" (remix)\n \"Perfect 10\" (acoustic)\n\nUK CD2\n \"How Long's a Tear Take to Dry?\"\n \"Big Coin\" (acoustic)\n \"Rotterdam\" (acoustic)\n\nUK cassette single\n \"How Long's a Tear Take to Dry?\"\n \"How Long's a Tear Take to Dry?\" (remix)\n\nEuropean CD single\n \"How Long's a Tear Take to Dry?\" (radio edit)\n \"How Long's a Tear Take to Dry?\" (remix)\n \"Perfect 10\" (acoustic)\n \"Rotterdam\" (acoustic)\n\nGerman CD single\n \"How Long's a Tear Take to Dry?\"\n \"Dumb\"\n \"I Sold My Heart to the Junkman\"\n \"Suck Harder\"\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n Pattenden, Mike - Last Orders at the Liars Bar: the Official Story of the Beautiful South ()\n\n1999 singles\n1998 songs\nThe Beautiful South songs\nGo! Discs singles\nHanna-Barbera\nMercury Records singles\nSongs written by David Rotheray\nSongs written by Paul Heaton", "Quench is the Beautiful South's sixth original album, released in the UK on 12 October 1998. Including the compilation Carry On Up The Charts, it was the band's third album in a row to reach the top of the charts.\n\nThe cover depicts a boxer by Scottish painter Peter Howson. Commissioned for the album, the original painting can be seen in the Ferens Art Gallery, Hull. After the band cropped the image and used it in merchandise and promotional material, Howson took legal action against the band, receiving around £30,000 in damages. Whilst the first two singles from the album also have artwork by Howson, \"How Long's a Tear Take to Dry?\" and \"The Table\" do not.\n\nSingles \n\"Perfect 10\" - released August 1998, UK Singles Chart pos.- #2,\n\"Dumb\" - released November 1998, UK Singles Chart pos.- #16,\n\"How Long's a Tear Take to Dry?\" - released March 1999, UK Singles Chart pos.- #12,\n\"The Table (feat. The London Community Gospel Choir)\" - released June 1999, UK Singles Chart pos.- #47.\n\nTrack listing \nAll songs written by Paul Heaton and Dave Rotheray\n \"How Long's a Tear Take to Dry?\"\n \"The Lure of the Sea\"\n \"Big Coin\"\n \"Dumb\"\n \"Perfect 10\"\n \"The Slide\"\n \"Look What I Found in My Beer\"\n \"The Table\"\n \"Window Shopping for Blinds\"\n \"Pockets\"\n \"I May Be Ugly\"\n \"Losing Things\"\n \"Your Father and I\"\n\nB-sides\nAs was their usual modus operandi, The Beautiful South included unreleased material on the B-sides of the singles taken from their albums.\n\nfrom the \"Perfect 10\" CD1\n\"Perfect 10\"\n\"If\"\n\"I'll Sail This Ship Alone\" (performed by the East Yorkshire Motor Services Band)\nfrom the \"Perfect 10\" CD2\n\"Perfect 10\"\n\"Loving Arms\" (Tom Jans)\n\"One Last Love Song\" (performed by the East Yorkshire Motor Services Band)\n\nfrom the \"Dumb\" CD1\n\"Dumb\"\n\"Suck Harder\"\n\"Especially For You\" (performed by the East Yorkshire Motor Services Band, sleeve lists \"Blackbird On The Wire\")\nfrom the \"Dumb\" CD2\n\"Dumb\" \n\"I Sold My Heart to the Junkman\" (Leon René)\n\"Blackbird On The Wire\" (performed by the East Yorkshire Motor Services Band, sleeve lists \"Especially For You\")\n\nfrom the \"How Long's a Tear Take to Dry?\" CD1\n\"How Long's A Tear Take To Dry?\"\n\"How Long's A Tear Take To Dry?\" (Remix)\n\"Perfect 10\" (Acoustic)\nfrom the \"How Long's a Tear Take to Dry?\" CD2\n\"How Long's A Tear Take To Dry?\"\n\"Big Coin\" (Acoustic, live on BBC Radio 1's The Mark Goodier Show)\n\"Rotterdam\" (Acoustic with Paul Heaton on vocals, recorded for BBC Radio 2 and UK Arena's songwriter circle 'In The Round' Dec. 2, 1998.\n\nfrom \"The Table\" CD1\n\"The Table\" (featuring The London Community Gospel Choir)\n\"Old Red Eyes Is Back\" (Acoustic)\n\"Your Father And I\" (Recorded live at The Forum, London in 1998 for BBC Radio 2)\nfrom \"The Table\" CD2\n\"The Table\" (featuring The London Community Gospel Choir)\n\"Don't Marry Her\" (Acoustic)\n\"Look What I Found In My Beer\" (Acoustic)\nAll the acoustic tracks were recorded for BBC Radio 2 and UK Arena's songwriter circle 'In The Round' Dec. 2, 1998.\n\nPersonnel\nThe Beautiful South\nPaul Heaton - vocals\nDave Hemingway - vocals\nJacqui Abbott - vocals\nDave Rotheray - guitar\nSean Welch - bass\nDave Stead - drums\nwith: \nDamon Butcher - keyboards\nGary Hammond - percussion\nThe Kick Horns - brass\nThe London Community Gospel Choir - backing vocals \"The Slide\"\nPaul Weller - additional guitar \"Perfect 10\"\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly\n\nYear-end\n\nReferences\n\nThe Beautiful South albums\n1998 albums\nAlbums produced by Jon Kelly" ]

[ "Merchandise Mart", "Expansions and renovations", "When did the renovations take place", "The Merchandise Mart was modernized in the late 1950s and 1960s.", "What did the renovations entail?", "The Indian chiefs were removed and replaced with concrete plates in 1961,", "How much did it cost?", "After a 10-year, $100 million modernization in the late 1980s", "Have there been any other recent renovations?", "The project was completed in 1991.", "What kind of expansions have they done?", "In 1977, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill designed the Chicago Apparel Center, located on the west side of Orleans Street, which increased", "Are there any interesting aspects of this article?", "Some of the carvings were later found in a suburban backyard and auctioned in 2014.", "Who pays for all of these expensive renovations?", "I don't know.", "Who owns the building/", "I don't know.", "How long did the renovations take?", "After a 10-year, $100 million modernization" ]

[ "In mathematics, the phrases arbitrarily large, arbitrarily small and arbitrarily long are used in statements to make clear of the fact that an object is large, small and long with little limitation or restraint, respectively. The use of \"arbitrarily\" often occurs in the context of real numbers (and its subsets thereof), though its meaning can differ from that of \"sufficiently\" and \"infinitely\".\n\nExamples \nThe statement\n\n \" is non-negative for arbitrarily large .\"\n\nis a shorthand for:\n\n \"For every real number , is non-negative for some value of greater than .\"\n\nIn the common parlance, the term \"arbitrarily long\" is often used in the context of sequence of numbers. For example, to say that there are \"arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions of prime numbers\" does not mean that there exists any infinitely long arithmetic progression of prime numbers (there is not), nor that there exists any particular arithmetic progression of prime numbers that is in some sense \"arbitrarily long\". Rather, the phrase is used to refer to the fact that no matter how large a number is, there exists some arithmetic progression of prime numbers of length at least .\n\nSimilar to arbitrarily large, one can also define the phrase \" holds for arbitrarily small real numbers\", as follows:\n\nIn other words:\n\n However small a number, there will be a number smaller than it such that holds.\n\nArbitrarily large vs. sufficiently large vs. infinitely large \nWhile similar, \"arbitrarily large\" is not equivalent to \"sufficiently large\". For instance, while it is true that prime numbers can be arbitrarily large (since there are infinitely many of them due to Euclid's theorem), it is not true that all sufficiently large numbers are prime. \n\nAs another example, the statement \" is non-negative for arbitrarily large .\" could be rewritten as:\n\nHowever, using \"sufficiently large\", the same phrase becomes:\n\nFurthermore, \"arbitrarily large\" also does not mean \"infinitely large\". For example, although prime numbers can be arbitrarily large, an infinitely large prime number does not exist—since all prime numbers (as well as all other integers) are finite.\n\nIn some cases, phrases such as \"the proposition is true for arbitrarily large \" are used primarily for emphasis, as in \" is true for all , no matter how large is.\" In these cases, the phrase \"arbitrarily large\" does not have the meaning indicated above (i.e., \"however large a number, there will be some larger number for which still holds.\"). Instead, the usage in this case is in fact logically synonymous with \"all\".\n\nSee also \n\nSufficiently large\nMathematical jargon\n\nReferences\n\nMathematical terminology", "In mathematics — specifically, in large deviations theory — the contraction principle is a theorem that states how a large deviation principle on one space \"pushes forward\" (via the pushforward of a probability measure) to a large deviation principle on another space via a continuous function.\n\nStatement\n\nLet X and Y be Hausdorff topological spaces and let (με)ε>0 be a family of probability measures on X that satisfies the large deviation principle with rate function I : X → [0, +∞]. Let T : X → Y be a continuous function, and let νε = T∗(με) be the push-forward measure of με by T, i.e., for each measurable set/event E ⊆ Y, νε(E) = με(T−1(E)). Let\n\nwith the convention that the infimum of I over the empty set ∅ is +∞. Then:\n J : Y → [0, +∞] is a rate function on Y,\n J is a good rate function on Y if I is a good rate function on X, and\n (νε)ε>0 satisfies the large deviation principle on Y with rate function J.\n\nReferences\n\n (See chapter 4.2.1)\n \n\nAsymptotic analysis\nLarge deviations theory\nMathematical principles\nProbability theorems" ]

[ "The Darkness (band)", "One Way Ticket to Hell... And Back and decline (2005-2006)" ]

[ "The Darkness is an English hard rock band formed in Lowestoft, Suffolk in 2000. Their first release was the extended play I Believe in a Thing Called Love in August 2002, which featured the tracks \"I Believe in a Thing Called Love\", \"Love on the Rocks with No Ice\" and \"Love Is Only a Feeling\", all of which were later featured on the band's debut album. After signing with Atlantic Records, the band released their debut album Permission to Land in July, which featured a total of ten tracks. Singles released to support the album were \"Get Your Hands Off My Woman\", \"Growing on Me\", \"I Believe in a Thing Called Love\" and \"Love Is Only a Feeling\", all of which featured new B-sides. The B-sides \"The Best of Me\" (from \"Get Your Hands Off My Woman\") and \"Makin' Out\" (from \"I Believe in a Thing Called Love\") were also featured on the Japanese edition of Permission to Land. \"Christmas Time (Don't Let the Bells End)\" was released at the end of the year, and also featured on the Christmas reissue of the album.\n\nThe band's second album, One Way Ticket to Hell... and Back, was released in November 2005, and also featured ten tracks. The album was supported by the release of singles \"One Way Ticket\", \"Is It Just Me?\" and \"Girlfriend\"; the first two featured new B-sides, while the third featured remixes of the A-side. The B-side \"Grief Hammer\", originally from the single \"One Way Ticket\", was also featured on the Japanese edition of One Way Ticket to Hell... and Back. The band broke up in 2006, and in 2008 the compilation album The Platinum Collection and box set Permission to Land/One Way Ticket to Hell... were released, each featuring all 20 songs from the band's first two albums (\"Christmas Time (Don't Let the Bells End)\" was also included on The Platinum Collection).\n\nThe Darkness reunited in 2011, and in August 2012 they released their third album, Hot Cakes. The album features eleven tracks, including the band's first studio cover version, of Radiohead's \"Street Spirit (Fade Out)\". The deluxe edition of Hot Cakes features four additional tracks, three of which are new songs; the bonus track \"Cannonball\" features Ian Anderson of the band Jethro Tull on flute. In 2014 Graham left the band again, to be replaced by Emily Dolan Davies, who performed on the band's fourth album Last of Our Kind. Davies later left herself, and was replaced by Rufus Tiger Taylor.\n\nSongs\n\nNotes\nA. Featured on special deluxe editions of Last of Our Kind only.\nB. Also featured on the 2008 compilation album The Platinum Collection.\nC. Featured on special deluxe editions of Hot Cakes only.\nD. Featured on the Christmas reissue of Permission to Land only.\nE. Also featured on special deluxe editions of One Way Ticket to Hell... and Back.\nF. Originally featured on the 2002 extended play I Believe in a Thing Called Love.\nG. Also featured on special deluxe editions of Permission to Land.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nList of The Darkness songs at AllMusic\n\nDarkness, The", "One Way Ticket to Hell... and Back is the second studio album by the British rock band The Darkness. It was released on 28 November 2005 through Atlantic Records, reaching number 11 on the UK Album Chart and eventually attaining platinum status in the UK. Three singles were released from the album. The lead single, \"One Way Ticket\", reached number 8 on the UK Singles Chart, as did the second single \"Is It Just Me?\"\n\nBackground\n\nThe album was produced by Roy Thomas Baker, best known for his work with Queen, a major influence on The Darkness. Bassist Frankie Poullain left the band during the early stages of production on the album, with most bass parts on the album played by Dan Hawkins. Poullain has said that \"Hazel Eyes\" is his favourite track on the record, citing, \"I defy anyone after a couple of beverages to listen to \"Hazel Eyes\" standing up and NOT get the Michael Flatleys.\" Poullain was already familiar with six of the ten songs on the album, playing \"Hazel Eyes\", \"Dinner Lady Arms\", \"Seemed Like a Good Idea at the Time\" and \"English Country Garden\" on tour with the band before his departure. He also co-wrote four of the tracks featured on the album. The working title for the album was The Painstaking.\n\nTrack listing\n\nOther tracks\n \"Wanker\" (B-side to One Way Ticket) (J. Hawkins/D. Hawkins) – 3:07\n \"Grief Hammer\" (B-side to One Way Ticket) (J. Hawkins/D. Hawkins) – 3:12\n \"Shake (Like a Lettuce Leaf)\" (B-side to Is It Just Me?) (J. Hawkins/D. Hawkins) – 3:18\n \"Shit Ghost\" (B-side to Is It Just Me?) (J. Hawkins/D. Hawkins) – 3:10\n\nReception\nReviews for the album were mixed. Q magazine proclaimed it the 22nd best album of 2005. However Planet Sound remarked how it was the \"world's most expensive penis joke\", regarding the costly delay of the album, and hyper-masculine themes throughout. In an interview with The Sun, Dan said that it cost £1 million to make.\n\nPersonnel\nJustin Hawkins – Lead/backing vocals; lead/rhythm guitars; piano; Hammond organ; Mini-moog; synths; sitar\nDan Hawkins – Rhythm/lead guitars; bass guitars; tubular bells; marching drums; tambourine; triangle; backing vocals\nEd Graham – Drums\nRichie Edwards – Bass guitars; backing vocals (touring member)\n\nAdditional musicians\nFreddy Gomez – pan flute on \"One Way Ticket\"\nStuart Cassells – bagpipes on \"Hazel Eyes\"\n\nCharts\n\nCertifications\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Article by Paul Tingen on the making of One Way Ticket To Hell... and Back in Sound on Sound\n \n\nThe Darkness (band) albums\n2005 albums\nAtlantic Records albums\nAlbums produced by Roy Thomas Baker" ]

[ "The Darkness (band)", "One Way Ticket to Hell... And Back and decline (2005-2006)", "When was One Way Ticket to Hell released?", " \"One Way Ticket\", the first single from their second album, was released on 14 November 2005," ]

[ "Simply Majestic was a Canadian hip hop and dance music collective, active in the early 1990s. They are most noted for winning the Juno Award for Best R&B/Soul Recording at the Juno Awards of 1991 for their single \"Dance to the Music (Work Your Body)\". Members of the collective included producer Anthony Bond, rappers B-Kool, Frank Morrell, The Russian Prince and MC A-OK, rap groups Point Blank, Brothers from the Ghetto, the Boys of the Greenhouse and the Forbidden Ones, and rhythm and blues singer Porsha-Lee.\n\nThe band signed to Capitol-EMI Canada in 1990 as part of the first significant wave of signings of Canadian hip hop acts, and released the EP Simply Majestic featuring B-Kool that year. The single \"Dance to the Music (Work Your Body)\" won the Juno for Best R&B/Soul Recording Juno and was a nominated finalist for Rap Recording of the Year, but did not win in that category. B-Kool was also a contributor to Dance Appeal, a supergroup of dance, hip hop, rhythm and blues and reggae musicians who released the one-off single \"Can't Repress the Cause\" in 1990.\n\nThey followed up in 1991 with the album We United to Do Dis. The album again received two Juno Award nominations at the Juno Awards of 1992, in the R&B/Soul category for the single \"Destiny\" and in the Rap category for the single \"Play the Music DJ\".\n\nSimply Majestic did not release any further recordings as a collective. B-Kool released the solo album Mellow Madness in 1994, and received another Juno Award nomination for Best Rap Recording at the Juno Awards of 1994 for the single \"Got to Get Over\".\n\nReferences\n\nCanadian hip hop groups\nCanadian dance music groups\nMusical groups from Toronto\nHip hop collectives\nJuno Award for R&B/Soul Recording of the Year winners", "The 49th Primetime Emmy Awards were held at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena, California in 1997. They were presented in two ceremonies hosted by Bryant Gumbel, one on Saturday, September 13 and another on Sunday, September 14. The September 14th ceremony was televised on CBS.\n\nFrasier became the first series to win Outstanding Comedy Series four consecutive years, it joined Hill Street Blues which won Outstanding Drama Series four straight years a decade earlier. For the first time since 1979, James Burrows did not receive a Directing nomination, ending his run at 17 consecutive years. Beginning the following year, Burrows would begin a new streak that lasted another six years. In the drama field perennial nominee Law & Order won for its seventh season, the first time a show had won for this specific season. In winning Law & Order became the first drama series that did not have serialized story arcs since Hill Street Blues perfected the formula. Law & Order remains the only non-serialized winner since 1981.\n\nFor the first time, not only did the Fox Network win the Lead Actress, Drama award, with Gillian Anderson, for The X-Files, but hers was also the network's first win in any of the Major Acting categories. (Laurence Fishburne and Peter Boyle won for Fox in only guest performances. The latter of which was for The X-Files just the year before.)\n\nThis ceremony marked the end of a 20-year residency for the Primetime Emmy Awards at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium dating back to the 29th Primetime Emmy Awards in 1977 ceremony.\n\nThis is the most recent year in which the Big Four Networks (ABC, CBS, FOX, and NBC) took home the top 14 Emmys (Comedy and Drama Series, Actor, Actress, Supporting Actor, Supporting Actress in Comedy and Drama, and Directing and Writing for Comedy and Drama).\n\nThe Larry Sanders Show had 16 nominations and zero wins, tying the record with Northern Exposure in 1993 and becoming the first (and only to date) comedy series to set the record. These records with later be broken by Mad Men in 2012 with 17 nominations and without a single win and The Handmaid's Tale in 2021 with 21 nominations and without a single win.\n\nWinners and nominees\n\nPrograms\n\nActing\n\nLead performances\n\nSupporting performances\n\nGuest performances\n\nDirecting\n\nWriting\n\nMost major nominations\nBy network \n NBC – 50\n HBO – 41\n CBS – 21\n ABC – 19\n\nBy program\n ER (NBC) – 14\n The Larry Sanders Show (HBO) – 12\n NYPD Blue (ABC) – 8\n Seinfeld (NBC) – 7\n Chicago Hope (CBS) / Frasier (NBC) / Mad About You (NBC) / Miss Evers' Boys (HBO) – 6\n\nMost major awards\nBy network \n NBC – 11\n HBO – 7\n ABC – 6\n CBS – 2\n PBS – 2\n\nBy program\n NYPD Blue (ABC) – 4\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Emmys.com list of 1997 Nominees & Winners\n \n\n049\nPrimetime Emmy Awards\n1997 in California\nEvents in Pasadena, California\nSeptember 1997 events in the United States\n20th century in Pasadena, California" ]

[ "The Darkness (band)", "One Way Ticket to Hell... And Back and decline (2005-2006)", "When was One Way Ticket to Hell released?", " \"One Way Ticket\", the first single from their second album, was released on 14 November 2005,", "Did their first single win any awards?", "debuting and peaking at number 8 on the UK Singles chart." ]

[ "\"Under Any Moon\" is a single by Glenn Medeiros and The Jets, released in 1989. \n\nWritten by Diane Warren, the song was released as a single only in the United Kingdom. It was included on the soundtrack for The Karate Kid Part III (1989), on the Mercury label, and was also included on The Jets' album, Believe (1989), on the MCA label. \n\nThe song failed to have any chart impact in the UK, while it did have minor airplay in the United States, it did not chart either. It was never performed live by The Jets.\n\nReferences\n\n1989 singles\n1989 songs\nThe Jets (band) songs\nGlenn Medeiros songs\nMercury Records singles\nSongs written by Diane Warren", "The discography of Mallu Magalhães, a Brazilian Folk singer, consists of two studio albums, one live albums, five singles as a lead artist, one collaborations with Marcelo Camelo and one video albums.\n\nIn 2008 she released her first eponymous album and in 2009 she released her second album, also self-titled.\n\nShe already has five singles released, and the most famous is Tchubaruba.\n\nAlbums\n\nStudio albums\n\nCompilations\n\nVideo albums\n\nNotes\n These albums did not reach any of the charts in Brazil.\n\nSingles\n\nAs lead artist\n\nOther appearances\n\nNotes\n These albums did not reach any of the charts in Brazil.\n\nMusic videos \n J1 (2008)\n Tchubaruba (2008)\n O Preço da Flor (2009)\n Vanguart (2009)\n Shine Yellow (2009)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nMallu Magalhães's official website\nMallu Magalhães's official MySpace\n\nFolk music discographies\nDiscography\nDiscographies of Brazilian artists\nLatin music discographies" ]

[ "The Darkness (band)", "One Way Ticket to Hell... And Back and decline (2005-2006)", "When was One Way Ticket to Hell released?", " \"One Way Ticket\", the first single from their second album, was released on 14 November 2005,", "Did their first single win any awards?", "debuting and peaking at number 8 on the UK Singles chart.", "Did they have any other released singles?", "The second single taken from their second album was \"Is It Just Me?\"," ]

[ "\"When We Were Young\" is the second single by Australian dance band Sneaky Sound System, taken from their second studio album 2. It was released on 15 November 2008 on Whack Records as a CD single and digital download. The song was written by band members Angus McDonald (aka Black Angus) and Connie Mitchell.\n\nBackground\nSneaky Sound System's second album, 2 was released by Whack Records on 16 August 2008 and produced by band members Black Angus (aka Angus McDonald) and Donnie Sloan; it was mixed by 'Spike' Stent and Paul PDub Walton (Madonna, Björk, Massive Attack, Gwen Stefani) at Olympic Studios in London. The first single to be released from the album, \"Kansas City\" was released on 12 July, which peaked at #14 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart, becoming their second biggest hit after \"UFO\". \"When We Were Young\" was the second single from the album, it was released on 15 November. The song did not show as much success as \"Kansas City\" and was their second single not to enter the top 100 after \"Tease Me\" but it did chart at #16 on the dance chart and #7 on the independent chart, the remix also charted at #9 in the club chart. \"16\", the third single, was released on 14 February 2009. \"It's Not My Problem\" was the fourth single from the album, which peaked at #8 on the Australian Club Chart, and #79 on the Australian Airplay Chart.\n\nTrack listing\n\nCharts\n\n(1) indicates that The Goodwill/Breakbot/Gloves mix charted.\n\nRelease history\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\"When We Were Young\" CD single on Waterfront Records\n\nSneaky Sound System songs\n2008 singles\nSongs written by Connie Mitchell\n2008 songs", "The discography of British pop band The Vamps comprises five studio albums and twenty-three singles.\n\nOn 29 September 2013, The Vamps released their debut single \"Can We Dance\", which debuted at number two on the UK Singles Chart. Their second single \"Wild Heart\" was released on 18 January 2014 and peaked at number 3 on the UK Singles Chart. Their third single \"Last Night\" was released on 6 April 2014 and also reached number two. Their debut album Meet the Vamps was released on 15 April 2014. Their fourth international single \"Somebody to You\", featuring Demi Lovato\", debuted at number four in the UK. Their debut EP Somebody to You entered the top 10 of the US Billboard 200. Their fifth single \"Oh Cecilia\", which previously appeared on the album, was released on 12 October 2014 featuring Shawn Mendes.\n\n\"Wake Up\", released on 2 October 2015, was the first single from their second album. \"Rest Your Love\", released on 27 November 2015, was the second single from their second album. \"I Found a Girl\" was the third single. \"Cheater\" was released as the first countdown single from the album on 13 October 2015, with \"Stolen Moments\" following. On 27 November 2015 they released Wake Up, their second album.\n\nOn 14 July 2017, The Vamps released the first part of their concept album, Night & Day (Night Edition), with the second part, Night & Day (Day Edition), being released on 13 July 2018. These two parts form their third and fourth studio albums. The albums received mixed reviews.\n\nAlbums\n\nStudio albums\n\nVideo albums\n\nExtended plays\n\nSingles\n\nAs lead artist\n\nAs featured artist\n\nPromotional singles\n\nOther charted songs\n\nOther appearances\n\nMusic videos\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nDiscographies of British artists\nDiscography" ]

[ "The Darkness (band)", "One Way Ticket to Hell... And Back and decline (2005-2006)", "When was One Way Ticket to Hell released?", " \"One Way Ticket\", the first single from their second album, was released on 14 November 2005,", "Did their first single win any awards?", "debuting and peaking at number 8 on the UK Singles chart.", "Did they have any other released singles?", "The second single taken from their second album was \"Is It Just Me?\",", "When was their second single released?", "20 February 2006." ]

[ "We All Need a Reason to Believe is the second studio album by American pop punk band Valencia. It was produced by Ariel Rechtshaid, who has done projects for We Are Scientists and Plain White T's. An early review from AbsolutePunk writer Drew Beringer stated the release proved Valencia is \"a band that can breathe new life into pop-punk\".\n\nThe album title comes from lyrics in the second track, \"Holiday\".\n\nRelease\nIn early April 2008, the band appeared at the Bamboozle Left festival. On April 8, the band posted a rough mix of \"Holiday\" online. It was mentioned that the track would feature on the band's next album, which was planned for release in late summer/early fall. In July, the band supported All Time Low on their headlining US tour. We All Need a Reason to Believe was made available for streaming on August 19 through the band's Myspace profile, before being released on August 26 through major label Columbia Records. In October and November, the band supported Bayside on their headlining US tour. On November 21, the band released a music video for \"Where Did You Go?\". In January and February 2009, the band went on a headlining tour of the US with support from Houston Calls. In February and March, the band toured Australia as part of the Soundwave festival. On April 30, a music video was released for \"The Good Life\". The band appeared at The Bamboozle festival in early May. Between late June and late August, the band performed on the Warped Tour.\n\nTrack listing\n \"Better Be Prepared\" — 3:09\n \"Holiday\" — 2:58\n \"Where Did You Go?\" (featuring Rachel Minton of Zolof the Rock & Roll Destroyer) — 3:21\n \"Head in Hands\" — 2:56\n \"Carry On\" — 3:41\n \"All at Once\" — 3:27\n \"Safe to Say\" — 3:21\n \"Listen Up\" (featuring Kenny Vasoli of The Starting Line) — 3:39 \n \"I Can't See Myself\" — 3:39\n \"The Good Life\" — 4:02\n \"Free\" — 4:18\n\nBonus track\n \"Running Away\" – 3:30\n\nWe All Need a Reason to B-Side\n \"When Words Fail, This Music Speaks\" — 2:41\n \"Working\" — 2:32\n \"Running Away\" — 3:33\n \"A Better Place to Land\" — 3:26\n\nPersonnel\n Shane Henderson — vocals\n JD Perry — guitar\n Maxim Soria — drums\n George Ciukurescu — bass\n Brendan Walter — guitar\n Kenny Vasoli (The Starting Line) — guest vocals on \"Listen Up\"\n Rachel Minton (Zolof the Rock & Roll Destroyer) — guest vocals on \"Where Did You Go?\"\n Dana Nielsen — engineer\n\nReferences\n\n2008 albums\nValencia (band) albums\nColumbia Records albums", "Go Radio is an American rock band from Tallahassee, Florida, formed by former Mayday Parade vocalist, guitarist and lyricist Jason Lancaster in April 2007.\n\nThe band toured with The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus, A Day to Remember, as well as Mayday Parade. They played the entire Vans Warped Tour in 2011, and again during 2013, which was their last tour as a band.\n\nThe band announced that they would break-up on October 6, 2013. The disbandment was apparently due to the lead singer, Jason Lancaster, setting priorities and putting his family first. Lancaster said in an interview on The Gunz Show that this reason for the band's break up was completely false. Jason has no intention of stopping with his music and is writing new music. Lancaster said that he felt Go Radio had run its course as a band and it was time to move on to the next chapter of his life. When they parted, each of the band members planned to continue making music on their own. \n\nIn September 2019, the band announced they had re-united and would begin making music again and were \"sharing ideas and working on songs.\"\n\nHistory\n\nFormation and Welcome to Life (2007–09)\nGo Radio formed in January 2007 before Jason Lancaster left Mayday Parade. Together with Matt 'Burns' Poulos, as well as Steven Kopacz and Patrick Hosey of the Florida band Don't Die Cindy, Lancaster started Go Radio. The name \"Go Radio\" was originally going to be the name of a Mayday Parade side project of Lancaster's. Hosey left the band in late 2007, and was replaced by Tony Planas.\n\nIn 2008 Go Radio released their debut EP Welcome to Life. Planas left the band in late 2008, and was replaced by Alex Reed, formerly of the Michigan band \"Carawae\". Reed contacted the band through Myspace and originally joined only as a touring guitarist, but was later promoted to a full-time member.\n\nDo Overs and Second Chances (2009–10)\nOn September 8, 2009 the band released their first studio update. They revealed that they were in the process of recording a new EP with producers Zack Odom and Kenneth Mount, both of whom produced Mayday Parade's A Lesson in Romantics (2007). On October 5, 2009, Go Radio released two of the songs from the EP on their Myspace. The band then signed to Fearless on January 21, 2010 and went on to release Do Overs and Second Chances as their Fearless debut on April 20, 2010.\n\nLucky Street (2010–11)\nIn the July 2010 issue of Alternative Press Lancaster revealed that he had begun writing for Go Radio's debut album for Fearless. On August 31, 2010 in Brooklyn, NY the band headed into the studio with Tim O'Heir. They finished recording on September 29, 2010. The resulting album, Lucky Street was released on March 1, 2011. The album was very well received by critics, and debuted number 77 on the US Billboard 200 and debuted within the top 20 of the US Billboard Rock, Independent, and Alternative Albums charts. On June 6, 2011, a music video for the single \"Any Other Heart\" premiered on Vevo.\n\nIn the summer of 2011 they played the entire Vans Warped Tour on the Nintendo 3DS Stage. Their next tour will be the first one that takes them overseas as they head to Australia to take part in the Soundwave Counter-Revolution mini-festival from September 24, 2011 until October 12, 2011.\n\nGo Radio announced the release of a deluxe edition of Lucky Street on October 24, 2011. It contains 8 tracks not seen on the original version of the album.\n\nClose the Distance (2012–13)\nIn early 2012 the band began demoing new songs for their second studio full length.\n\nOn March 1, 2012 Jason Lancaster announced that the band had finished recording. On April 20, 2012, the album is title Close the Distance was announced with a release date of August 14, 2012. The release date was pushed back to September 18, 2012. On July 16 the new release date was confirmed and the band announced their album art and track listing along with a preview for their first song \"Collide.\".\nTo promote their album, Go Radio started a share contest in which fans had the chance to unlock the new song off Close the Distance when the number of views, shares, and newsletter signups in total reached 20,000.\n\nOn July 18, two days after the contest started, fans had already reached the goal and the song premiered on Alternative Press magazine's website\n\nThe band joined the Vans Warped Tour for all of its 2013 tenure. This was their last major tour prior to their break up in October.\n\nHiatus (2013-19)\nOn October 6, 2013, the band announced their breakup, the band cited Lancaster's desire to settle down with his wife. Lancaster has stated that he will continue to make music on his own, realising his solo album, As You Are in mid-2014. Kopacz joined Anarbor as a touring drummer. Alex Reed joined another band from Tallahassee, Stages & Stereos as a guitarist.\n\nReunion (2019-present)\nOn September 29, 2019, the band announced that they have reunited and are currently working on new music. On November 25, 2019, the band released \"Goodnight Moon\", a fan favorite from Do Overs and Second Chances, as a single to celebrate their reunion. Paired with it was \"Say It Again\", their first new recording since their breakup in 2013. On July 24, 2020, the band released another single entitled \"So Love\".\n\nBand members\n\nCurrent members\n Jason Lancaster – lead vocals, piano, rhythm guitar (2007–13; 2019–present)\n Matt \"Burns\" Poulos – bass guitar, backing vocals (2007–13; 2019–present)\n Steven Kopacz – drums, percussion (2007–13; 2019–present)\n Alex Reed – lead guitar, backing vocals (2009–13; 2019–present)\n\nFormer members\n Patrick Hosey – lead guitar, backing vocals (2007)\n Tony Planas – lead guitar, backing vocals (2007–08)\n\nDiscography\n\nStudio albums\n\nEPs\n\nSingles\n\nEarly unreleased demos\n \"Hollie Ollie Oxen Free\"\n \"That California Song\"\n \"I Wish It Would Snow\"\n\nCompilation appearances\n 'Tis The Season To Be Fearless with \"O Holy Night\", originally composed by Adolphe Adam.\n Punk Goes Pop 4 with \"Rolling in the Deep\" (Adele cover)\n\nTours\n\n2008\n The Scenic, Lannen Fall, The July Week – To Catch a Preda-Tour (supporting act, U.S.)\n\n2009\n The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus – Kick Your Own Ass Tour (opening act, 5/5 - 5/28 and 8/02 - 8/22 and 9/18, U.S.)\n\n2010\n A Day to Remember – Toursick 2010 (opening act, 4/19 - 5/16, U.S.)\n The Dangerous Summer – Reach for the Sun Tour 2010 (supporting act, 7/10 - 7/17, U.S.)\nSecondhand Serenade – Summer Tour (opening act, 7/20 - 8/8, U.S.)\n Mayday Parade – Fearless Friends Tour (opening act, supporting act on select dates, 10/13 – 11/28, U.S.)\n\n2011\n Emarosa w/ Chiodos, Go Radio, Decoder (supporting act, 2/15 - 3/5, U.S.)\n A Rocket to the Moon – On Your Side Tour (supporting act, 3/15 - 4/23, U.S.)\n Go Radio w/ Sparks the Rescue, This Century, Select Start – District Lines Tour (headliner, 5/5 - 5/28, U.S.)\n Warped Tour 2011 – Warped Tour 2011 (6/24 - 8/14, U.S. and Canada)\n Counter-Revolution - Counter-Revolution - (9/24, 9/25, 9/30, 10/2, 10/3, Australia) \n Yellowcard - Yellowcard Fall Tour (supporting act, 10/8 - 11/18, U.S and Canada)\n\n2012\n Go Radio w/ This Providence, Tyler Carter (ex-Woe, Is Me), Simple As Surgery, and Ivory Lights - Lucky Street Tour (headliner, 3/20 - 5/13, U.S) \n SafetySuit - Fall Tour (direct support, 9/7 - 10/5, U.S)\n Go Radio w/ Paradise Fears and Stages and Stereos - #GoToHell Tour (headliner, 11/2 - 12/4, U.S)\n\n2013\n The Summer Set w/ We Are the In Crowd, Go Radio and For the Foxes - Wake Up & Be Awesome Tour (supporting act, 2/21 - 3/30, U.S)\n Warped Tour 2013 – Warped Tour 2013 (6/15 - 8/4, U.S. and Canada)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n \n\nAlternative rock groups from Florida\nAmerican pop rock music groups\nFearless Records artists\nMusical groups established in 2007\nMusical groups from Tallahassee, Florida\nMusical quartets\nMusical groups disestablished in 2013\nMusical groups reestablished in 2019\n2007 establishments in Florida\n2013 disestablishments in Florida" ]

[ "The Darkness (band)", "One Way Ticket to Hell... And Back and decline (2005-2006)", "When was One Way Ticket to Hell released?", " \"One Way Ticket\", the first single from their second album, was released on 14 November 2005,", "Did their first single win any awards?", "debuting and peaking at number 8 on the UK Singles chart.", "Did they have any other released singles?", "The second single taken from their second album was \"Is It Just Me?\",", "When was their second single released?", "20 February 2006.", "Did the band go on tour?", "The band followed up their second album with a tour of the UK and Ireland," ]

[ "This is a list of the 1970 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates.\n\nThe tournament was held in early November at Tucson Country Club in Tucson, Arizona for the first time. There were nine 54-hole district tournaments to determine the final field of 60 players for the final 72-hole qualifying tournament. 18 players earned their tour cards with Bob Barbarossa being medalist. There was a five-for-one playoff for the last card.\n\nThis was the first year that Greg Powers attempted to qualify for the PGA Tour at PGA Tour Qualifying Tournament. He was not successful. Australian player David Graham also attempted to qualify. However, he was not successful either.\n\nSources:\n\nReferences\n\nPGA Tour Qualifying School\nGolf in Arizona\nPGA Tour Qualifying School Graduates\nPGA Tour Qualifying School Graduates", "The Last Tour is a world tour by the bachata group Aventura to promote their final studio album The Last before their split. The Last Tour started on July 31, 2009 and ended on March 7, 2011. It was their last tour as a group, until their 2016 residency and 2020 Inmortal Tour of US arenas.\n\nThe Last Tour was the band's most successful tour and the longest. It broke attendance records in Latin America, including 60,000 fans in Santo Domingo at Estadio Olímpico Félix Sánchez.\n\nIn the United States the tour was a success. In an article, Billboard stated that in the United States Aventura's 2009-10 shows averaged $675,000 and 9,358 tickets per show. In 2010, Billboard named it the top Latin tour of 2010 with a total gross of US$18.1 million over 27 shows with 15 sellouts and 253,777 attendance. The tour also broke the record of the most consecutive sold-out concerts in Madison Square Garden by a Latin artist.\n\nTour dates\n\nBox office data\n\nNotes\n\nReferences \n\nAventura (band)\n2009 concert tours\n2010 concert tours" ]

[ "The Darkness (band)", "One Way Ticket to Hell... And Back and decline (2005-2006)", "When was One Way Ticket to Hell released?", " \"One Way Ticket\", the first single from their second album, was released on 14 November 2005,", "Did their first single win any awards?", "debuting and peaking at number 8 on the UK Singles chart.", "Did they have any other released singles?", "The second single taken from their second album was \"Is It Just Me?\",", "When was their second single released?", "20 February 2006.", "Did the band go on tour?", "The band followed up their second album with a tour of the UK and Ireland,", "Was their tour successful?", "Few of the venues sold out, their appeal seemingly having become more selective." ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "The Darkness (band)", "One Way Ticket to Hell... And Back and decline (2005-2006)", "When was One Way Ticket to Hell released?", " \"One Way Ticket\", the first single from their second album, was released on 14 November 2005,", "Did their first single win any awards?", "debuting and peaking at number 8 on the UK Singles chart.", "Did they have any other released singles?", "The second single taken from their second album was \"Is It Just Me?\",", "When was their second single released?", "20 February 2006.", "Did the band go on tour?", "The band followed up their second album with a tour of the UK and Ireland,", "Was their tour successful?", "Few of the venues sold out, their appeal seemingly having become more selective.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "a month before the album was to be officially released, Justin Hawkins won an eBay auction for a copy of One Way Ticket to Hell ...and Back for PS350" ]

[ "\"Rez\" is a non-album track by English electronic music group Underworld, originally released in 1993 in the UK. It became a popular club hit and live track in Underworld's sets, despite the fact it could not be found on an album. However, it did appear on many compilations, b-sides, and even appeared on a bonus disc for Second Toughest in the Infants (1996). The first promo release of the single was pressed onto pink vinyl, and is highly collectible as it has another non-album track, \"Why, Why, Why\". Due to this track's obscurity there are many bootlegs of it. The more common release has \"Cowgirl\" on it. There is also a limited white vinyl pressing available in the US.\n\nTrack listing \n\n 12\" / Junior Boy's Own / COLLECT 002 (UK) Promo Pink Vinyl\n \"Rez\" – 9:55\n \"Why, Why, Why\" – 12:14\n\n 12\" / Junior Boy's Own / COLLECT 002 (UK)\n \"Rez\" - 9:55\n \"Cowgirl\" - 8:30\n\n 12\" / Junior Boy's Own / JBO 13 (UK)\n \"Rez\" - 9:55\n \"Cowgirl\" - 8:30\n\n 12\" / Junior Boy's Own / JBO 1001 (UK) 1995\n \"Rez\" - 9:55\n \"Cowgirl\" - 8:30\n\n 12\" / Logic / Junior Boy's Own / LOC 188 (GERMAN) 1996 Promo\n \"Born Slippy\" - 11:37\n \"Rez\" - 9:55\n\n 12\" / Wax Trax! / TVT Records / TVT 8718-0 (US)\n \"Rez\" - 9:55\n \"Cowgirl\" - 8:30\n\n 12\" / Simply Vinyl (S12) / S12DJ118 (UK) Reissue\n \"Rez\" - 9:55\n \"Cowgirl\" - 8:30\n\n 12\" / Dance Train Classics / 541 / 541416 500462 (BELGIUM) Reissue\n U2 - \"Lemon\" (Perfecto Mix) - 8:54\n Underworld - \"Rez\" - 9:55\n\n 12\" / I Love Techno Classics / 541 / 541416 501471 (BELGIUM) Reissue\n Dave Angel - \"Airborne\" (Carl Craig Remix) - 11:39\n Underworld - \"Rez\" - 9:55\n\nNotes \n The text \"CLOUD HAT REMEMBER THIS\" is etched into the run-out groove of the COLLECT 002 12\".\n Unofficial bootleg remixes of 'Rez' / 'Cowgirl' by breakz DJ's 'Atomic Hooligan' were deemed good enough by Underworld's record label and led to their inclusion as remixers of \"Born Slippy .NUXX 2003\" in 2003\n The White Island EP (CD & 2x12\") by Salt Tank features a track inspired by Underworld's \"Rez\". \"Rezmorize\", as the name suggests, is an homage to Underworld's famous instrumental track.\n Underworld's labelmates, Futureshock, were also inspired by \"Rez\"'s b-side, \"Why, Why, Why\", which is sampled heavily in \"The Question\", and was released on the JBO label offshoot, Fuju.\n After hearing the song at a performance, Tetsuya Mizuguchi decided to rename his at-the-time work in progress game from K-Project to Rez. The name stayed into its release.\n\nAppearances \n \"Rez\" appears on numerous dance compilations.\n \"Rez\" appears on the 1994 Underworld EP Dirty Epic/Cowgirl.\n \"Rez\" appears in the film Vanilla Sky.\n \"Rez\" was used in an episode on the third season of Alias.\n A remix of \"Rez\" was played during the Athletes' Parade of the 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony in London.\n \"Rez\" and \"Why Why Why\" appears on the bonus 8 cm disc on the re-released Japanese Dubnobasswithmyheadman (2001).\n \"Rez\" and \"Why Why Why\" both appear on Underworld's compilation 1992–2012 The Anthology (2012).\n \"Why, Why, Why\" appears on the compilation/magazine Volume 8 as a 5:15 edit.\n \"Why, Why, Why\" appears on the compilation/magazine Wasted – The Best of Volume, part 1'' as an 8:20 remix, incorrectly labelled \"Change\" on the cover.\n \"Rez\" appeared on the closing sequence of Japanese TV channel TV Asahi from 2003 to 2008.\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nUnderworldlive.com\nSingle information from the unofficial Underworld discography web site - BigScreenSatellite\n\nUnderworld (band) songs\n1993 singles\n1993 songs\nSongs written by Darren Emerson\nSongs written by Rick Smith (musician)\nSongs written by Karl Hyde", "\"Why Me\" is an American country and gospel song written and recorded by American country music singer and songwriter Kris Kristofferson.\n\nSong history\nKristofferson had become the toast of Nashville in the early 1970s, with the massive success of compositions including \"For the Good Times\", \"Me and Bobby McGee\", \"Sunday Morning Coming Down\", and \"Help Me Make It Through the Night\", among many others. He had a hit of his own as well, with \"Lovin' Her Was Easier (Than Anything I'll Ever Do Again)\".\n\n\"Why Me\" was recorded by Kristofferson in 1972, featuring backing vocals by soon-to-be wife Rita Coolidge and up-and-coming singer-songwriter Larry Gatlin. It was released on the album Jesus Was a Capricorn in 1973, and became the biggest hit of his career.\n\nAccording to country music historian Bill Malone, Kristofferson wrote the song during an emotionally low period of his life after having attended a religious service conducted by the Rev. Jimmie Rogers Snow. Malone wrote, \"'Why Me, Lord'\" - as the song is sometimes known - \"may seem greatly out of character for Kristofferson, but it can be interpreted as his own personal religious rephrasing of 'Sunday Morning Coming Down.' In this case, he is 'coming down' not from drugs, but from the whole hedonistic euphoria of the (1960s).\" Malone described Kristofferson's gruff vocal styling as \"perfect\" for the song, since \"he sounds like a man who has lived a lot but is now humbling himself before God.\"\n\nKristofferson said he went with friends to the church service where he was moved by Larry Gatlin's song \"Help Me (Lord)\". He said that he had never thought of needing help, but he was at a low point in his life. When the pastor asked the congregation, \"Is anybody feeling lost?\" \"Up goes my hand,\" Kristofferson says. The Pastor then asked, \"Are you ready to accept Christ? Kneel down there.\" \"I'm kneeling there,\" Kristofferson continues, \"and I carry a big load of guilt around...and I was just out of control, crying. It was a release. It really shook me up.\" Kristofferson later said, \"It was just a personal thing I was going through at the time. I had some kind of experience that I can't even explain.\"\n\nKristofferson met June Carter Cash and Johnny Cash in a hotel room in 1972 to play them two songs he had written. Kristofferson had just attended a rough screening of a movie Johnny and June were heavily involved in, entitled The Gospel Road. Johnny Cash's memoir Man in Black reiterated the story that Larry Gatlin sang \"Help Me\" at the Evangel Temple, which inspired Kristofferson to write the song. Kristofferson also played Cash the song \"Burden of Freedom\", which was used in The Gospel Road.\n\nRecognition and awards\n\"Why Me\" was Kristofferson's lone major country hit as a solo recording artist, reaching No. 1 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart in July 1973. The song peaked only at No. 16 on the Billboard Hot 100, but had at that time one of the longer runs (19 weeks) in the top 40 and the most chart reversals (6) in one run on the Hot 100. The song spent 38 weeks in the Hot 100 consecutively, almost tying the record set by Johnny Mathis' song \"Wonderful! Wonderful!\" on the charts for 39 weeks. The song ranked sixth on the list of Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1973.\n\n\"Why Me\" was certified gold for sales of one million units by the Recording Industry Association of America.\n\nChart performance\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nCover versions\nElvis Presley incorporated the song, retitled \"Why Me Lord\", into his live shows beginning in January 1974 up until his last concert tour. It was first released on the live album, Elvis Recorded Live On Stage In Memphis in June 1974. The recording is from his March 20, 1974 concert in Memphis, Tennessee. He often introduced the song for J.D. Sumner to sing \"one of his favorite songs.\" Sumner would sing the verses and Elvis would join on the chorus along with the back-up singers. Presley also recorded the \"B\" side of the single, \"Help Me\", written by Larry Gatlin, in December 1973, and it remained part of his live shows as well.\nConnie Smith recorded a version of \"Why Me\" on her 1973 album God Is Abundant.\nMelba Montgomery recorded \"Why Me\" in 1973 on her album Melba Montgomery.\nTanya Tucker included \"Why Me Lord\" on her 1974 album Would You Lay with Me (In a Field of Stone).\nGeorge Jones recorded a version for his 1974 album In a Gospel Way.\nDavid Allan Coe included \"Why Me\" on his 1977 album Texas Moon.\nBritish singer Cliff Richard recorded a version for his 1978 album Small Corners.\nWillie Nelson included a version of \"Why Me\" alongside several other covers of songs written by Kris Kristofferson on his aptly titled 1979 album Sings Kristofferson.\nMerle Haggard recorded a version, released on his 1981 album What a Friend We Have in Jesus.\nBell Gardens released a version of \"Why Me Lord\" on their 2014 album \"Slow Dawns For Lost Conclusions\" \nSlovenian a capella group New Swing Quartet recorded a version, released on the 1985 album Oh, Happy Day, titled \"Why Me Lord\".\nCarlene Davis recorded a version entitled \"Why Me Lord\" on her 1992 album Jesus Is Only A Prayer Away.\nJohnny Cash also recorded a version of the song titled \"Why Me Lord\" on his 1994 album American Recordings.\nConway Twitty released a version on his 1975 album, Linda on My Mind, and then another longer version on his 1994 The Conway Twitty Collection box set.\nChicago punk band The Smoking Popes recorded a version of this song for their 2001 album The Party's Over.\nThe Gaither Vocal Band performed a powerful version of the song during a 2006 Homecoming performance in Toronto. The song was performed with pianist Anthony Burger.\nDavid Crowder Band recorded a version for their final album, Give Us Rest, which was released in 2012.\nGospel artist CeCe Winans recorded a version on her 2017 album Let Them Fall In Love.\nWolfgang Hildebrandt also recorded a version of the song titled \"Why Me Lord\" on his 2018 album Country Love Songs.\nJosh Turner recorded the song as a duet with Kristofferson on his 2020 album Country State of Mind (album)\n\nReferences\n\n1973 songs\n1973 singles\nKris Kristofferson songs\nNumber-one singles in South Africa\nSongs written by Kris Kristofferson\nMonument Records singles" ]

[ "Corey Taylor", "Life" ]

[ "Since the first human spaceflight by the Soviet Union, citizens of 42 countries have flown in space. For each nationality, the launch date of the first mission is listed. The list is based on the nationality of the person at the time of the launch. Only 3 of the 42 \"first flyers\" have been women (Helen Sharman for the United Kingdom in 1991, Anousheh Ansari for Iran in 2006, and Yi So-yeon for South Korea in 2008). Only three nations (Soviet Union/Russia, U.S., China) have launched their own crewed spacecraft, with the Soviets/Russians and the American programs providing rides to other nations' astronauts. Twenty-seven \"first flights\" occurred on Soviet or Russian flights while the United States carried fourteen.\n\nTimeline\nNote: All dates given are UTC. Countries indicated in bold have achieved independent human spaceflight capability.\n\nNotes\n\nOther claims\nThe above list uses the nationality at the time of launch. Lists with differing criteria might include the following people:\n Pavel Popovich, first launched 12 August 1962, was the first Ukrainian-born man in space. At the time, Ukraine was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n Michael Collins, first launched 18 July 1966 was born in Italy to American parents and was an American citizen when he went into space.\n William Anders, American citizen, first launched 21 December 1968, was the first Hong Kong-born man in space.\n Vladimir Shatalov, first launched 14 January 1969, was the first Kazakh-born man in space. At the time, Kazakhstan was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n Bill Pogue, first launched 16 November 1973, as an inductee to the 5 Civilized Tribes Hall of Fame can lay claim to being the first Native American in space. See John Herrington below regarding technicality of tribal registration.\n Pyotr Klimuk, first launched 18 December 1973, was the first Belorussian-born man in space. At the time, Belarus was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n Vladimir Dzhanibekov, first launched 16 March 1978, was the first Uzbek-born man in space. At the time, Uzbekistan was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n Paul D. Scully-Power, first launched 5 October 1984, was born in Australia, but was an American citizen when he went into space; Australian law at the time forbade dual-citizenship.\n Taylor Gun-Jin Wang, first launched 29 April 1985, was born in China to Chinese parents, but was an American citizen when he went into space.\n Lodewijk van den Berg, launched 29 April 1985, was born in the Netherlands, but was an American citizen when he went into space.\n Patrick Baudry, first launched 17 June 1985, was born in French Cameroun (now part of Cameroon), but was a French citizen when he went into space.\n Shannon Lucid, first launched 17 June 1985, was born in China to American parents of European descent, and was an American citizen when she went into space.\n Franklin Chang-Diaz, first launched 12 January 1986, was born in Costa Rica, but was an American citizen when he went into space\n Musa Manarov, first launched 21 December 1987, was the first Azerbaijan-born man in space. At the time, Azerbaijan was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n Anatoly Solovyev, first launched 7 June 1988, was the first Latvian-born man in space. At the time, Latvia was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev and Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Volkov became Russian rather than Soviet citizens while still in orbit aboard Mir, making them the first purely Russian citizens in space.\n James H. Newman, American citizen, first launched 12 September 1993, was born in the portion of the United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands that is now the Federated States of Micronesia.\n Talgat Musabayev, first launched 1 July 1994, was born in the Kazakh SSR and is known in Kazakhstan as the \"first cosmonaut of independent Kazakhstan\", but was a Russian citizen when he went into space.\n Frederick W. Leslie, American citizen, launched 20 October 1995, was born in Panama Canal Zone (now Panama).\n Andy Thomas, first launched 19 May 1996, was born in Australia but like Paul D. Scully-Power was an American citizen when he went to space; Australian law at the time forbade dual-citizenship.\n Carlos I. Noriega, first launched 15 May 1997, was born in Peru, but was an American citizen when he went into space.\n Bjarni Tryggvason, launched 7 August 1997, was born in Iceland, but was a Canadian citizen when he went into space.\n Salizhan Sharipov, first launched 22 January 1998, was born in Kyrgyzstan (then the Kirghiz SSR), but was a Russian citizen when he went into space. Sharipov is of Uzbek ancestry.\n Philippe Perrin, first launched 5 June 2002, was born in Morocco, but was a French citizen when he went into space.\n John Herrington, an American citizen first launched 24 November 2002, is the first tribal registered Native American in space (Chickasaw). See also Bill Pogue above.\n Fyodor Yurchikhin, first launched 7 October 2002, was born in Georgia (then the Georgian SSR). He was a Russian citizen at the time he went into space and is of Pontian Greek descent.\n Joseph M. Acaba, first launched 15 March 2009, was born in the U.S. state of California to American parents of Puerto Rican descent.\n\nGallery\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nCurrent Space Demographics, compiled by William Harwood, CBS News Space Consultant, and Rob Navias, NASA.\n\nLists of firsts in space\nSpaceflight timelines", "This is a list of notable books by young authors and of books written by notable writers in their early years. These books were written, or substantially completed, before the author's twentieth birthday. \n\nAlexandra Adornetto (born 18 April 1994) wrote her debut novel, The Shadow Thief, when she was 13. It was published in 2007. Other books written by her as a teenager are: The Lampo Circus (2008), Von Gobstopper's Arcade (2009), Halo (2010) and Hades (2011).\nMargery Allingham (1904–1966) had her first novel, Blackkerchief Dick, about smugglers in 17th century Essex, published in 1923, when she was 19.\nJorge Amado (1912–2001) had his debut novel, The Country of Carnival, published in 1931, when he was 18.\nPrateek Arora wrote his debut novel Village 1104 at the age of 16. It was published in 2010.\nDaisy Ashford (1881–1972) wrote The Young Visiters while aged nine. This novella was first published in 1919, preserving her juvenile punctuation and spelling. An earlier work, The Life of Father McSwiney, was dictated to her father when she was four. It was published almost a century later in 1983.\nAmelia Atwater-Rhodes (born 1984) had her first novel, In the Forests of the Night, published in 1999. Subsequent novels include Demon in My View (2000), Shattered Mirror (2001), Midnight Predator (2002), Hawksong (2003) and Snakecharm (2004).\nJane Austen (1775–1817) wrote Lady Susan, a short epistolary novel, between 1793 and 1795 when she was aged 18-20.\nRuskin Bond (born 1934) wrote his semi-autobiographical novel The Room on the Roof when he was 17. It was published in 1955.\nMarjorie Bowen (1885–1952) wrote the historical novel The Viper of Milan when she was 16. Published in 1906 after several rejections, it became a bestseller.\nOliver Madox Brown (1855–1874) finished his novel Gabriel Denver in early 1872, when he was 17. It was published the following year.\nPamela Brown (1924–1989) finished her children's novel about an amateur theatre company, The Swish of the Curtain (1941), when she was 16 and later wrote other books about the stage.\nCeleste and Carmel Buckingham wrote The Lost Princess when they were 11 and 9.\nFlavia Bujor (born 8 August 1988) wrote The Prophecy of the Stones (2002) when she was 13.\nLord Byron (1788–1824) published two volumes of poetry in his teens, Fugitive Pieces and Hours of Idleness.\nTaylor Caldwell's The Romance of Atlantis was written when she was 12.\n (1956–1976), Le Don de Vorace, was published in 1974.\nHilda Conkling (1910–1986) had her poems published in Poems by a Little Girl (1920), Shoes of the Wind (1922) and Silverhorn (1924).\nAbraham Cowley (1618–1667), Tragicall History of Piramus and Thisbe (1628), Poetical Blossoms (published 1633).\nMaureen Daly (1921–2006) completed Seventeenth Summer before she was 20. It was published in 1942.\nJuliette Davies (born 2000) wrote the first book in the JJ Halo series when she was eight years old. The series was published the following year.\nSamuel R. Delany (born 1 April 1942) published his The Jewels of Aptor in 1962.\nPatricia Finney's A Shadow of Gulls was published in 1977 when she was 18. Its sequel, The Crow Goddess, was published in 1978.\nBarbara Newhall Follett (1914–1939) wrote her first novel The House Without Windows at the age of eight. The manuscript was destroyed in a house fire and she later retyped her manuscript at the age of 12. The novel was published by Knopf publishing house in January 1927.\nFord Madox Ford (né Hueffer) (1873–1939) published in 1892 two children's stories, The Brown Owl and The Feather, and a novel, The Shifting of the Fire.\nAnne Frank (1929–1945) wrote her diary for two-and-a-half years starting on her 13th birthday. It was published posthumously as Het Achterhuis in 1947 and then in English translation in 1952 as Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl. An unabridged translation followed in 1996.\nMiles Franklin wrote My Brilliant Career (1901) when she was a teenager.\nAlec Greven's How to Talk to Girls was published in 2008 when he was nine years old. Subsequently he has published How to Talk to Moms, How to Talk to Dads and How to Talk to Santa.\nFaïza Guène (born 1985) had Kiffe kiffe demain published in 2004, when she was 19. It has since been translated into 22 languages, including English (as Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow).\nSonya Hartnett (born 1968) was thirteen years old when she wrote her first novel, Trouble All the Way, which was published in Australia in 1984.\nAlex and Brett Harris wrote the best-selling book Do Hard Things (2008), a non-fiction book challenging teenagers to \"rebel against low expectations\", at age 19. Two years later came a follow-up book called Start Here (2010).\nGeorgette Heyer (1902–1974) wrote The Black Moth when she was 17 and received a publishing contract when she was 18. It was published just after she turned 19.\nSusan Hill (born 1942), The Enclosure, published in 1961.\nS. E. Hinton (born 1948), The Outsiders, first published in 1967.\nPalle Huld (1912–2010) wrote A Boy Scout Around the World (Jorden Rundt i 44 dage) when he was 15, following a sponsored journey around the world.\nGeorge Vernon Hudson (1867–1946) completed An Elementary Manual of New Zealand Entomology at the end of 1886, when he was 19, but not published until 1892.\nKatharine Hull (1921–1977) and Pamela Whitlock (1920–1982) wrote the children's outdoor adventure novel The Far-Distant Oxus in 1937. It was followed in 1938 by Escape to Persia and in 1939 by Oxus in Summer.\nLeigh Hunt (1784–1859) published Juvenilia; or, a Collection of Poems Written between the ages of Twelve and Sixteen by J. H. L. Hunt, Late of the Grammar School of Christ's Hospital in March 1801.\nKody Keplinger (born 1991) wrote her debut novel The DUFF when she was 17.\nGordon Korman (born 1963), This Can't Be Happening at Macdonald Hall (1978), three sequels, and I Want to Go Home (1981).\nMatthew Gregory Lewis (1775–1818) wrote the Gothic novel The Monk, now regarded as a classic of the genre, before he was twenty. It was published in 1796.\nNina Lugovskaya (1918–1993), a painter, theater director and Gulag survivor, kept a diary in 1932–37, which shows strong social sensitivities. It was found in the Russian State Archives and published 2003. It appeared in English in the same year.\nJoyce Maynard (born 1953) completed Looking Back while she was 19. It was first published in 1973.\nMargaret Mitchell (1900–1949) wrote her novella Lost Laysen at the age of fifteen and gave the two notebooks containing the manuscript to her boyfriend, Henry Love Angel. The novel was published posthumously in 1996.\nBen Okri, the Nigerian poet and novelist, (born 1959) wrote his first book Flowers and Shadows while he was 19.\nAlice Oseman(born 1994) wrote the novel Solitaire when she was 17 and it was published in 2014.\nHelen Oyeyemi (born 1984) completed The Icarus Girl while still 18. First published in 2005.\nChristopher Paolini (born 1983) had Eragon, the first novel of the Inheritance Cycle, first published 2002.\nEmily Pepys (1833–1877), daughter of a bishop, wrote a vivid private journal over six months of 1844–45, aged ten. It was discovered much later and published in 1984.\nAnya Reiss (born 1991) wrote her play Spur of the Moment when she was 17. It was both performed and published in 2010, when she was 18.\nArthur Rimbaud (1854–1891) wrote almost all his prose and poetry while still a teenager, for example Le Soleil était encore chaud (1866), Le Bateau ivre (1871) and Une Saison en Enfer (1873).\nJohn Thomas Romney Robinson (1792–1882) saw his juvenile poems published in 1806, when he was 13.\nFrançoise Sagan (1935–2004) had Bonjour tristesse published in 1954, when she was 18.\nMary Shelley (1797–1851) completed Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus during May 1817, when she was 19. It was first published in the following year.\nMattie Stepanek (1990–2004), an American poet, published seven best-selling books of poetry.\nJohn Steptoe (1950–1989), author and illustrator, began his picture book Stevie at 16. It was published in 1969 in Life.\nAnna Stothard (born 1983) saw her Isabel and Rocco published when she was 19.\nDorothy Straight (born 1958) in 1962 wrote How the World Began, which was published by Pantheon Books in 1964. She holds the Guinness world record for the youngest female published author.\nJalaluddin Al-Suyuti (c. 1445–1505) wrote his first book, Sharh Al-Isti'aadha wal-Basmalah, at the age of 17.\nF. J. Thwaites (1908–1979) wrote his bestselling novel The Broken Melody when he was 19.\nJohn Kennedy Toole (1937–1969) wrote The Neon Bible in 1954 when he was 16. It was not published until 1989.\nAlec Waugh (1898–1981) wrote his novel about school life, The Loom of Youth, after leaving school. It was published in 1917.\nCatherine Webb (born 1986) had five young adult books published before she was 20: Mirror Dreams (2002), Mirror Wakes (2003), Waywalkers (2003), Timekeepers (2004) and The Extraordinary and Unusual Adventures of Horatio Lyle (February 2006).\nNancy Yi Fan (born 1993) published her debut Swordbird when she was 12. Other books she published as a teenager include Sword Quest (2008) and Sword Mountain (2012).\nKat Zhang (born 1991) was 20 when she sold, in a three-book deal, her entire Hybrid Chronicles trilogy. The first book, What's Left of Me, was published 2012.\n\nSee also \nLists of books\n\nReferences \n\nBooks Written By Children and Teenagers\nbooks\nChildren And Teenagers, Written By\nChi" ]

[ "Corey Taylor", "Life", "When was he born?", "Corey Todd Taylor was born on December 8, 1973" ]

[ "Grow Up may refer to:\nAdvance in age\nProgress toward psychological maturity\nGrow Up (book), a 2007 book by Keith Allen\nGrow Up (video game), 2016 video game\n\nMusic\nGrow Up (Desperate Journalist album), 2017\nGrow Up (The Queers album), 1990\nGrow Up (Svoy album), 2011\nGrow Up, a 2015 EP by HALO\n\"Grow Up\" (Olly Murs song)\n\"Grow Up\" (Paramore song)\n\"Grow Up\" (Simple Plan song)\n\"Grow Up\", a song by Rockwell\n\"Grow Up\", a song from the Bratz album Rock Angelz\n\"Grow Up\", a song by Cher Lloyd from Sticks and Stones\n\nSee also\nGrowing Up (disambiguation)\nGrow Up, Tony Phillips, a 2013 film by Emily Hagins", "\"When I Grow Up\" is the second single from Swedish recording artist Fever Ray's self-titled debut album, Fever Ray (2009).\n\nCritical reception\nPitchfork Media placed \"When I Grow Up\" at number 36 on the website's list of The Top 100 Tracks of 2009.\n\nMusic video\nThe music video for \"When I Grow Up\" was directed by Martin de Thurah. He said of the video's visual statement:\n\n\"That initial idea was something about something coming out of water—something which was about to take form – a state turning into something new. And a double headed creature not deciding which to turn. But the idea had to take a simpler form, to let the song grow by itself. I remembered a photo I took in Croatia two years ago, a swimming pool with its shining blue color in a grey foggy autumn landscape.\"\n\nThe video premiered on Fever Ray's YouTube channel on 19 February 2009. It has received over 12 million views as of March 2016.\n\n\"When I Grow Up\" was placed at number three on Spins list of The 20 Best Videos of 2009.\n\nTrack listings\niTunes single\n\"When I Grow Up\" – 4:31\n\"When I Grow Up\" (Håkan Lidbo's Encephalitis Remix) – 5:59\n\"When I Grow Up\" (D. Lissvik) – 4:28\n\"Memories from When I Grew Up (Remembered by The Subliminal Kid)\" – 16:41\n\"When I Grow Up\" (Van Rivers Dark Sails on the Horizon Mix) – 9:16\n\"When I Grow Up\" (We Grow Apart Vocal Version by Pär Grindvik) – 6:02\n\"When I Grow Up\" (We Grow Apart Inspiration - Take 2 - By Pär Grindvik) – 7:59\n\"When I Grow Up\" (Scuba's High Up Mix) – 6:17\n\"When I Grow Up\" (Scuba's Straight Down Mix) – 5:54\n\"When I Grow Up\" (Video) – 4:04\n\nSwedish 12\" single \nA1. \"When I Grow Up\" (Van Rivers Dark Sails on the Horizon Mix) – 9:10\nA2. \"When I Grow Up\" (D. Lissvik) – 4:28\nB1. \"Memories from When I Grew Up (Remembered by The Subliminal Kid)\" – 16:41\n\nUK promo CD single \n\"When I Grow Up\" (Edit) – 3:42\n\"When I Grow Up\" (D. Lissvik Radio Edit) – 3:19\n\nNominations\n\nAppearances in other media\nThe song was used as part of the soundtrack for the video game Pro Evolution Soccer 2011.\n\nReferences\n\n2009 singles\n2009 songs\nFever Ray songs\nSongs written by Karin Dreijer" ]

[ "Corey Taylor", "Life", "When was he born?", "Corey Todd Taylor was born on December 8, 1973", "Where did he grow up?", "He was mostly raised by his single mother in Waterloo, Iowa," ]

[ "\"Anything\" is a song by rapper Jay-Z that is found on the Vinyl 12\" \"Anything (The Berlin Remixes)\" 1999 with a Remix of DJ Tomekk from Def Jam Germany and later on Beanie Sigel's 2000 album The Truth. It is produced by Sam Sneed and P. Skam, who sample Lionel Bart's \"I'll Do Anything\" for the track's beat and chorus. The sample from Oliver! heavily popularized \"Anything\", as did the Annie sample on \"Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)\", \"Anything\" was also a bonus track on Jay-Z's album Vol. 3... Life and Times of S. Carter (UK/Europe edition) as is \"Anything (Mr. Drunk Mix)\" on the Japanese version of the album.\n\nJay-Z admitted to Angie Martinez in a 2009 interview on the BET program Food for Thought that he hoped the song would be a success like \"Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)\" due to their similarities but was surprised when it wasn't, even saying \"I dropped the record and then nothing\". The song did, however, achieve moderate success in the UK reaching #18 on the singles chart. A music video for the song was also released, which was directed by Chris Robinson.\n\n\"Anything (The Berlin Remixes)\"\n\nFormats and track listings\n\nVinyl 12\"\n\nA-side\n \"Anything (GBZ Remix)\"\t\t\n \"Anything (GBZ Remix Instrumental)\"\n\nB-side\n \"Anything (DJ Tomekk Remix)\"\t\n \"Anything (Original Version)\"\t\n \"Anything (Original Version Instrumental)\"\n\nFormats and track listings\n\nCD\n \"Anything (Radio Edit)\"\n \"So Ghetto\"\n \"There's Been a Murder\"\n \"Anything (Video)\"\n\nVinyl\n\nA-side\n \"Anything (Radio Edit) (3:47)\"\n \"Anything (LP Version) (4:47)\"\n \"Anything (Instrumental) (4:48)\"\n\nB-side\n \"Big Pimpin' (Radio Edit) (3:56)\"\n \"Big Pimpin' (LP Version) (4:44)\"\n \"Big Pimpin' (Instrumental) (4:59)\"\n\nCharts\n\nSee also\nList of songs recorded by Jay-Z\n\nReferences\n\n2000 singles\nJay-Z songs\nMusic videos directed by Chris Robinson (director)\nSongs written by Jay-Z\nSongs written by Lionel Bart\nRoc-A-Fella Records singles\n2000 songs", "Denroy Morgan (born in 1946, May Pen, Clarendon Parish, Jamaica) is a Jamaican reggae artist, but left Jamaica in 1965 at the age of 19 and traveled to the United States to become a musician. He was part of the formation the Black Eagles, a New York City reggae band in the 1970s, before launching a prosperous solo career in the 1980s onwards. His children, encouraged by his success, have also taken on musical careers themselves including Laza Morgan, Gramps Morgan, and in family bands LMS and Morgan Heritage.\n\nIn the Black Eagles\nDenroy had started in the 1970s and created the Black Eagles, a reggae band in New York City in 1974 with Devon \"Igo Levi\" Foster and Llewellyn \"Jah T\" Breadwood.\n\nThe Black Eagles won the New York Reggae Music Festival in 1977, beginning Denroy's rise to fame that continued into the early 1980s. In 1981, Morgan had his most successful release with \"I'll Do Anything For You\", which featured musical backing from the Black Eagles and peaked at number nine on the American soul chart. \"I'll Do Anything For You\" also peaked at number seven on the dance charts. These successes helped to launch his solo reggae career.\n\nSolo career\nDenroy Morgan found success in the States in 1981 with the release of his I'll Do Anything for You album, when the title track became a big R&B and Dance hit. In the realm of reggae, however, Morgan's peak period was when he signed in 1984 with RCA Records. That deal led to the release of the reggae album Make My Day and marked him as the first reggae artist to be signed to RCA Records.\n\nIn March 2014 he announced that he was working on a new album, Half N Half, featuring cover versions of Bob Marley songs and excerpts from speeches by Haile Selassie, as well as working on an updated version of his memoirs, Confession Aloud.\n\nMusical legacy\nHis children were all musical growing up and have since formed two separate bands and one is a successful solo act. \nThe reggae band Morgan Heritage is made up of his children Peter \"Peetah\" Morgan, Una Morgan, Roy \"Gramps\" Morgan, Nakhamyah \"Lukes\" Morgan and Memmalatel \"Mr. Mojo\" Morgan.\nThe dancehall / hip hop band LMS is made up of his children, the trio Noshayah Morgan, Otiyah \"Laza\" Morgan and Miriam Morgan\nOtiyah Morgan known as Laza Morgan is also a solo act with singles like \"This Girl\" and \"One by One\" the latter featuring Mavado. Other famous collaborations include being featured in Alexandra Burke's hit \"Start Without You\" and in Kristina Maria release \"Co-Pilot\" \nRoy Morgan known as Gramps Morgan, in addition to being of Morgan Heritage, is also a successful solo act with two albums Two Sides of My Heart and Reggae Music Lives and was featured in India.Arie hit song \"Therapy\".\nRoy \"Gramps\" Morgan's son Jemere Morgan has also launched a solo music career. His debut single \"First Kiss\" was released in August 2011.\n\nDiscography\n\nAlbums\nI'll Do Anything For You (1981)\nMake My Day (1984)\nI'll Do Anything For You / Sweet Tender Love (1990) ROHIT Records\nSalvation (1998)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nOfficial website\nDenroy Morgan on Myspace\n\nJamaican reggae musicians\nJamaican emigrants to the United States\nLiving people\nPeople from Clarendon Parish, Jamaica\n1946 births" ]

[ "Corey Taylor", "Life", "When was he born?", "Corey Todd Taylor was born on December 8, 1973", "Where did he grow up?", "He was mostly raised by his single mother in Waterloo, Iowa,", "Did he do anything besides music when he was growing up?", "By age 15, he had developed a drug addiction and had overdosed on cocaine twice." ]

[ "The Florida shuffle describes the recruitment of a drug user with good health insurance to repeatedly attend various rehab centers and sober living houses, which allows the facilities to repeatedly bill the patient's insurance company. The treatment centers that participate in this may have little regard for the actual needs of the patient. While named after Florida, the practice also occurs in other places in the United States, such as California and Arizona, with attractive climates and locations. A treatment center can earn more than US$40,000 each time a patient goes through their program.\n\nDescription\nFrequently these users are sent to various rehab centers by brokers who work on a freelance basis for the centers. Brokers will use inducements like cash payments for time spent in rehab or free airfare in order to get drug users to a particular center. They will also sometimes supply the drug users with drugs so that the user will fail a urine test, allowing them to be admitted to the rehab center. Rehab centers will also use advertising on late-night television and social media in order to find potential patients. This process can continue until the user dies.\n\nHistory\nThe regulation of Florida rehab centers stemmed from five Florida rehab centers bills. These five bills HB 807 (SB 788), HB 249 (SB 588), HB 477, HB 557 (SB 840), and SB 866 (HB 791). This practice started after the passage of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (commonly known as Obamacare or the ACA) and the 1996 Mental Health Parity Act. The ACA required insurers to pay for drug rehabilitation treatment as an essential health benefit. Rehab centers are able to bill insurance companies substantial amounts of money for routine tests, such as US$4,000 for a urinalysis test (sometimes facetiously referred to as \"liquid gold\") . According to insurance executives, it took several years to realize what was happening since urinalysis tests had never arisen as a billing issue before and the doctor-signed orders for the tests gave them an aura of medical authority. Many insurance companies are now cutting their reimbursement rates for drug tests.\n\nBoth federal and state legislation have been passed to attempt to curb the practice. This includes California, Florida, and the Federal government through the Eliminating Kickbacks in Recovery Act. Florida has arrested 66 people under its law. These laws have resulted in the operators of some closed rehab centers relocating to different states without regulations or laws.\n\nReferences \n\nDrug rehabilitation\nOpioids in the United States", "Rehabilitation or Rehab may refer to:\n\nHealth\n Rehabilitation (neuropsychology), therapy to regain or improve neurocognitive function that has been lost or diminished\n Rehabilitation (wildlife), treatment of injured wildlife so they can be returned to the wild\n Rehabilitation hospital, hospitals devoted to the rehabilitation of patients with various neurological, musculo-skeletal, orthopedic and other medical conditions.\n Drug rehabilitation, medical or psychotherapeutic treatment for dependency on substances such as alcohol and drugs\n Occupational rehabilitation, therapy to return injured workers to an appropriate level of work activity\n Physical medicine and rehabilitation, a branch of medicine that aims to enhance and restore functional ability to those with physical impairments or disabilities\n Physical therapy, physical rehabilitation using mechanical force and movement\n Psychiatric rehabilitation, a branch of psychiatry dealing with restoration of mental health and life skills after mental illness\n Vision rehabilitation, rehabilitation to improve vision or low vision\n Vocational rehabilitation, process which enables persons with impairments or disabilities to maintain or return to employment or occupation\n\nMusic\n Rehab (band), a rock band from Georgia, US\n Rehab (DJ) or R3hab, Dutch DJ \n Rehab (Quiet Riot album), 2006 heavy metal album\n Rehab (Lecrae album), 2010 Christian hip hop album\n \"Rehab\" (Amy Winehouse song), 2006 song from the album Back to Black\n \"Rehab\" (Rihanna song), 2007 song from the album Good Girl Gone Bad\n The Rehab, a 2010 album by Young Buck\n\nPeople\n Rehab Bassam (born 1977), Egyptian blogger\n Rehab Nazzal, Palestinian-born multidisciplinary artist based in Canada\n\nOther uses\n Rehabilitation (penology), re-integration into society of a convicted person \n Political rehabilitation, the process by which a disgraced political actor is restored to public life\n Rehabilitation (Soviet), the restoration of a person who was criminally prosecuted without due basis\n \"Rehab\" (The Assistants episode), 2009 television episode\n Rehab (party), a weekly summer outdoor party in Las Vegas\n Rehab: Party at the Hard Rock Hotel, a reality TV show about the party\n El Rehab, a community within New Cairo, Egypt\n Land rehabilitation, the process of restoring land after some process has damaged it\n Rehabbing housing, see Renovation\n\nSee also\n Corrections\n Habilitation, a qualification required in order to conduct self-contained university teaching in some countries\n Rahab (disambiguation)\n \n \n \n\nde:Reha\npl:Rehab\npt:Rehab\nfi:Rehab" ]

[ "Narendra Modi", "Final years" ]

[ "\"What Happened to Us\" is a song by Australian recording artist Jessica Mauboy, featuring English recording artist Jay Sean. It was written by Sean, Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim and Israel Cruz. \"What Happened to Us\" was leaked online in October 2010, and was released on 10 March 2011, as the third single from Mauboy's second studio album, Get 'Em Girls (2010). The song received positive reviews from critics.\n\nA remix of \"What Happened to Us\" made by production team OFM, was released on 11 April 2011. A different version of the song which features Stan Walker, was released on 29 May 2011. \"What Happened to Us\" charted on the ARIA Singles Chart at number 14 and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). An accompanying music video was directed by Mark Alston, and reminisces on a former relationship between Mauboy and Sean.\n\nProduction and release\n\n\"What Happened to Us\" was written by Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim, Israel Cruz and Jay Sean. It was produced by Skaller, Cruz, Rohaim and Bobby Bass. The song uses C, D, and B minor chords in the chorus. \"What Happened to Us\" was sent to contemporary hit radio in Australia on 14 February 2011. The cover art for the song was revealed on 22 February on Mauboy's official Facebook page. A CD release was available for purchase via her official website on 10 March, for one week only. It was released digitally the following day.\n\nReception\nMajhid Heath from ABC Online Indigenous called the song a \"Jordin Sparks-esque duet\", and wrote that it \"has a nice innocence to it that rings true to the experience of losing a first love.\" Chris Urankar from Nine to Five wrote that it as a \"mid-tempo duet ballad\" which signifies Mauboy's strength as a global player. On 21 March 2011, \"What Happened to Us\" debuted at number 30 on the ARIA Singles Chart, and peaked at number 14 the following week. The song was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), for selling 70,000 copies. \"What Happened to Us\" spent a total of ten weeks in the ARIA top fifty.\n\nMusic video\n\nBackground\nThe music video for the song was shot in the Elizabeth Bay House in Sydney on 26 November 2010. The video was shot during Sean's visit to Australia for the Summerbeatz tour. During an interview with The Daily Telegraph while on the set of the video, Sean said \"the song is sick! ... Jessica's voice is amazing and we're shooting [the video] in this ridiculously beautiful mansion overlooking the harbour.\" The video was directed by Mark Alston, who had previously directed the video for Mauboy's single \"Let Me Be Me\" (2009). It premiered on YouTube on 10 February 2011.\n\nSynopsis and reception\nThe video begins showing Mauboy who appears to be sitting on a yellow antique couch in a mansion, wearing a purple dress. As the video progresses, scenes of memories are displayed of Mauboy and her love interest, played by Sean, spending time there previously. It then cuts to the scenes where Sean appears in the main entrance room of the mansion. The final scene shows Mauboy outdoors in a gold dress, surrounded by green grass and trees. She is later joined by Sean who appears in a black suit and a white shirt, and together they sing the chorus of the song to each other. David Lim of Feed Limmy wrote that the video is \"easily the best thing our R&B princess has committed to film – ever\" and praised the \"mansion and wondrous interior décor\". He also commended Mauboy for choosing Australian talent to direct the video instead of American directors, which she had used for her previous two music videos. Since its release, the video has received over two million views on Vevo.\n\nLive performances\nMauboy performed \"What Happened to Us\" live for the first time during her YouTube Live Sessions program on 4 December 2010. She also appeared on Adam Hills in Gordon Street Tonight on 23 February 2011 for an interview and later performed the song. On 15 March 2011, Mauboy performed \"What Happened to Us\" on Sunrise. She also performed the song with Stan Walker during the Australian leg of Chris Brown's F.A.M.E. Tour in April 2011. Mauboy and Walker later performed \"What Happened to Us\" on Dancing with the Stars Australia on 29 May 2011. From November 2013 to February 2014, \"What Happened to Us\" was part of the set list of the To the End of the Earth Tour, Mauboy's second headlining tour of Australia, with Nathaniel Willemse singing Sean's part.\n\nTrack listing\n\nDigital download\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean – 3:19\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Sgt Slick Remix) – 6:33\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Just Witness Remix) – 3:45\n\nCD single\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Album Version) – 3:19\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Sgt Slick Remix) – 6:33\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (OFM Remix) – 3:39\n\nDigital download – Remix\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (OFM Remix) – 3:38\n\nDigital download\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Stan Walker – 3:20\n\nPersonnel\nSongwriting – Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim, Israel Cruz, Jay Sean\nProduction – Jeremy Skaller, Bobby Bass\nAdditional production – Israel Cruz, Khaled Rohaim\nLead vocals – Jessica Mauboy, Jay Sean\nMixing – Phil Tan\nAdditional mixing – Damien Lewis\nMastering – Tom Coyne \nSource:\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly chart\n\nYear-end chart\n\nCertification\n\nRadio dates and release history\n\nReferences\n\n2010 songs\n2011 singles\nJessica Mauboy songs\nJay Sean songs\nSongs written by Billy Steinberg\nSongs written by Jay Sean\nSongs written by Josh Alexander\nSongs written by Israel Cruz\nVocal duets\nSony Music Australia singles\nSongs written by Khaled Rohaim", "Don Juan Manuel's Tales of Count Lucanor, in Spanish Libro de los ejemplos del conde Lucanor y de Patronio (Book of the Examples of Count Lucanor and of Patronio), also commonly known as El Conde Lucanor, Libro de Patronio, or Libro de los ejemplos (original Old Castilian: Libro de los enxiemplos del Conde Lucanor et de Patronio), is one of the earliest works of prose in Castilian Spanish. It was first written in 1335.\n\nThe book is divided into four parts. The first and most well-known part is a series of 51 short stories (some no more than a page or two) drawn from various sources, such as Aesop and other classical writers, and Arabic folktales.\n\nTales of Count Lucanor was first printed in 1575 when it was published at Seville under the auspices of Argote de Molina. It was again printed at Madrid in 1642, after which it lay forgotten for nearly two centuries.\n\nPurpose and structure\n\nA didactic, moralistic purpose, which would color so much of the Spanish literature to follow (see Novela picaresca), is the mark of this book. Count Lucanor engages in conversation with his advisor Patronio, putting to him a problem (\"Some man has made me a proposition...\" or \"I fear that such and such person intends to...\") and asking for advice. Patronio responds always with the greatest humility, claiming not to wish to offer advice to so illustrious a person as the Count, but offering to tell him a story of which the Count's problem reminds him. (Thus, the stories are \"examples\" [ejemplos] of wise action.) At the end he advises the Count to do as the protagonist of his story did.\n\nEach chapter ends in more or less the same way, with slight variations on: \"And this pleased the Count greatly and he did just so, and found it well. And Don Johán (Juan) saw that this example was very good, and had it written in this book, and composed the following verses.\" A rhymed couplet closes, giving the moral of the story.\n\nOrigin of stories and influence on later literature\nMany of the stories written in the book are the first examples written in a modern European language of various stories, which many other writers would use in the proceeding centuries. Many of the stories he included were themselves derived from other stories, coming from western and Arab sources.\n\nShakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew has the basic elements of Tale 35, \"What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\".\n\nTale 32, \"What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth\" tells the story that Hans Christian Andersen made popular as The Emperor's New Clothes.\n\nStory 7, \"What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana\", a version of Aesop's The Milkmaid and Her Pail, was claimed by Max Müller to originate in the Hindu cycle Panchatantra.\n\nTale 2, \"What happened to a good Man and his Son, leading a beast to market,\" is the familiar fable The miller, his son and the donkey.\n\nIn 2016, Baroque Decay released a game under the name \"The Count Lucanor\". As well as some protagonists' names, certain events from the books inspired past events in the game.\n\nThe stories\n\nThe book opens with a prologue which introduces the characters of the Count and Patronio. The titles in the following list are those given in Keller and Keating's 1977 translation into English. James York's 1868 translation into English gives a significantly different ordering of the stories and omits the fifty-first.\n\n What Happened to a King and His Favorite \n What Happened to a Good Man and His Son \n How King Richard of England Leapt into the Sea against the Moors\n What a Genoese Said to His Soul When He Was about to Die \n What Happened to a Fox and a Crow Who Had a Piece of Cheese in His Beak\n How the Swallow Warned the Other Birds When She Saw Flax Being Sown \n What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana \n What Happened to a Man Whose Liver Had to Be Washed \n What Happened to Two Horses Which Were Thrown to the Lion \n What Happened to a Man Who on Account of Poverty and Lack of Other Food Was Eating Bitter Lentils \n What Happened to a Dean of Santiago de Compostela and Don Yllán, the Grand Master of Toledo\n What Happened to the Fox and the Rooster \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Hunting Partridges \n The Miracle of Saint Dominick When He Preached against the Usurer \n What Happened to Lorenzo Suárez at the Siege of Seville \n The Reply that count Fernán González Gave to His Relative Núño Laynes \n What Happened to a Very Hungry Man Who Was Half-heartedly Invited to Dinner \n What Happened to Pero Meléndez de Valdés When He Broke His Leg \n What Happened to the Crows and the Owls \n What Happened to a King for Whom a Man Promised to Perform Alchemy \n What Happened to a Young King and a Philosopher to Whom his Father Commended Him \n What Happened to the Lion and the Bull \n How the Ants Provide for Themselves \n What Happened to the King Who Wanted to Test His Three Sons \n What Happened to the Count of Provence and How He Was Freed from Prison by the Advice of Saladin\n What Happened to the Tree of Lies \n What Happened to an Emperor and to Don Alvarfáñez Minaya and Their Wives \n What Happened in Granada to Don Lorenzo Suárez Gallinato When He Beheaded the Renegade Chaplain \n What Happened to a Fox Who Lay down in the Street to Play Dead \n What Happened to King Abenabet of Seville and Ramayquía His Wife \n How a Cardinal Judged between the Canons of Paris and the Friars Minor \n What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth \n What Happened to Don Juan Manuel's Saker Falcon and an Eagle and a Heron \n What Happened to a Blind Man Who Was Leading Another \n What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\n What Happened to a Merchant When He Found His Son and His Wife Sleeping Together \n What Happened to Count Fernán González with His Men after He Had Won the Battle of Hacinas \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Loaded down with Precious Stones and Drowned in the River \n What Happened to a Man and a Swallow and a Sparrow \n Why the Seneschal of Carcassonne Lost His Soul \n What Happened to a King of Córdova Named Al-Haquem \n What Happened to a Woman of Sham Piety \n What Happened to Good and Evil and the Wise Man and the Madman \n What Happened to Don Pero Núñez the Loyal, to Don Ruy González de Zavallos, and to Don Gutier Roiz de Blaguiello with Don Rodrigo the Generous \n What Happened to a Man Who Became the Devil's Friend and Vassal \n What Happened to a Philosopher who by Accident Went down a Street Where Prostitutes Lived \n What Befell a Moor and His Sister Who Pretended That She Was Timid \n What Happened to a Man Who Tested His Friends \n What Happened to the Man Whom They Cast out Naked on an Island When They Took away from Him the Kingdom He Ruled \n What Happened to Saladin and a Lady, the Wife of a Knight Who Was His Vassal \n What Happened to a Christian King Who Was Very Powerful and Haughty\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n\nBibliography\n\n Sturm, Harlan\n\n Wacks, David\n\nExternal links\n\nThe Internet Archive provides free access to the 1868 translation by James York.\nJSTOR has the to the 1977 translation by Keller and Keating.\nSelections in English and Spanish (pedagogical edition) with introduction, notes, and bibliography in Open Iberia/América (open access teaching anthology)\n\n14th-century books\nSpanish literature\n1335 books" ]

[ "Narendra Modi", "Final years", "What happened in her final years?", "Modi made extensive use of holograms" ]

[ "Holographic Studios, located in the borough of Manhattan in New York City, is the world's oldest gallery of holography. It was founded in 1979 by Jason Sapan, one of the pioneers of holography. The storefront level gallery features the world's largest collection of motion image integral holograms. On display in the gallery are a variety of different types of holographic images, including a collection of celebrity hologram portraits. There are also cylindrical 360° floating images, multiple image holograms that change as you walk by, and computer generated holograms as well as a selection of novelty hologram items and stickers. Directly below the gallery is the laser laboratory where holograms are created. Holographic Studios creates custom holograms, holographic portraits, offers classes, and operates tours.\n\nHistory \nThe studio was founded in 1979 in a brownstone that was originally a blacksmith's forge. The current building sits on land that was part of the Rose Hill estate of Revolutionary General Horatio Gates.\n\nOver the decades, the studio has filmed portrait holograms of Andy Warhol, President Bill Clinton, Isaac Asimov, NYC Mayor Ed Koch, Prime Minister Edward Heath, Pierre Cardin, Sally Jessy Raphael, John Kenneth Galbraith, Phyllis Diller, Billy Idol, The Smothers Brothers, Phil Donahue, and John Cage. Their corporate clientele include commissions for Mitsubishi, AT&T, Tag Heuer, Goodyear, IBM, NYU Medical Center, Macy's, and Revlon.\n\nNotable interns\nJohn Gaeta, who won the Academy Award for visual effects in The Matrix\nVince Gilligan, who won multiple Emmys for his television show Breaking Bad\nJason Corsaro, who won Grammy awards as a recording engineer on albums including Like a Virgin by Madonna\nSonnie Brown, who starred in the Lincoln Center production of Far East\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \nHolographic Studios\nGizmodo: The Art of the Hologram Is Alive in This Underground Laboratory\nNew York Originals: Holographic Studios\nTested Asks: How Are Holograms Made?\nNY Times: Holographic Studios and Kalustyan’s Cafe in Kips Bay\n\nHolography\n1979 establishments in New York City\nCulture of New York City\nArt museums and galleries in Manhattan", "Volume holograms are holograms where the thickness of the recording material is much larger than the light wavelength used for recording. In this case diffraction of light from the hologram is possible only as Bragg diffraction, i.e., the light has to have the right wavelength (color) and the wave must have the right shape (beam direction, wavefront profile). Volume holograms are also called thick holograms or Bragg holograms.\n\nTheory \nVolume holograms were first treated by H. Kogelnik in 1969 by the so-called \"coupled-wave theory\". For volume phase holograms it is possible to diffract 100% of the incoming reference light into the signal wave, i.e., full diffraction of light can be achieved. Volume absorption holograms show much lower efficiencies. H. Kogelnik provides analytical solutions for transmission as well as for reflection conditions. A good text-book description of the theory of volume holograms can be found in a book from J. Goodman\n.\n\nManufacturing \nA volume hologram is usually made by exposing a photo-thermo-refractive glass to an interference pattern from an ultraviolet laser. It is also possible to make volume holograms in nonphotosensitive glass by exposing it to femtosecond laser pulses.\n\nBragg selectivity \nIn the case of a simple Bragg reflector the wavelength selectivity can be roughly estimated by , where is the vacuum wavelength of the reading light, is the period length of the grating and is the thickness of the grating. The assumption is just that the grating is not too strong, i.e., that the full length of the grating is used for light diffraction. Considering that because of the Bragg condition the simple relation holds, where is the modulated refractive index in the material (not the base index) at this wavelength, one sees that for typical values () one gets showing the extraordinary wavelength selectivity of such volume holograms. \n\nIn the case of a simple grating in the transmission geometry the angular selectivity can be estimated as well: , where is the thickness of the holographic grating. Here is given by ).\n\nUsing again typical numbers () one ends up with showing the impressive angular selectivity of volume holograms.\n\nApplications of volume holograms \nThe Bragg selectivity makes volume holograms very important. Prominent examples are:\n\nDistributed feedback lasers (DFB lasers) as well as distributed Bragg reflector lasers (DBR lasers) where the wavelength selectivity of volume holograms is used to narrow the spectral emission of semiconductor lasers.\nHolographic memory devices for holographic data storage where the Bragg selectivity is used to multiplex several holograms in one piece of holographic recording material using effectively the third dimension of the storage material.\nFiber Bragg gratings that employ volume holographic gratings encrypted into an optical fiber.Wavelength filters that are used as an external feedback in particular for semiconductor lasers. Although the idea is similar to that of DBR lasers, these filters are not integrated onto the chip. With the help of such filters also high-power laser diodes become narrow-band and less temperature sensitive.\nImaging spectroscopy can be achieved by selecting a single wavelength for each pixel in a full camera field. Volume holograms are used as tunable optical filters to produce monochromatic images, also known as hyperspectral imaging.\nLow-frequency (\"THz\") Raman spectroscopy.\n\nSee also\nDynamical theory of diffraction\n\nFootnotes\n\nHolography" ]

[ "Narendra Modi", "Final years", "What happened in her final years?", "Modi made extensive use of holograms", "How did Modi use holograms?", "allowing him to reach a large number of people," ]

[ "Lakshman Rao Madhav Rao Inamdar, (19 September 1917 – 1985) popularly known as Vakil Saheb, was one of the founding fathers of the RSS in Gujarat. He is credited with inducting Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi as an RSS balswayamsevak (junior cadet) and becoming Modi's political mentor.\n\nInamdar and Narendra Modi\nInamdar is credited with shaping Narendra Modi's career in the RSS. When Modi became an RSS Pracharak, Inamdar was the Prant Pracharak of Gujarat. Modi and Inamdar are believed to have shared a special bond. According to Narendra Modi, Inamdar was the only person he has ever confided in on personal matters. Inamdar is also credited with persuading Modi to join a BA program in political science for which Inamdar procured the necessary study material. Commenting on Modi's respect for Inamdar, Nilanjan Mukhopadhyay — author of a 2013 biography of Modi — says, \"I haven't seen this kind of reverence in Modi for anyone, living or dead.\" Narendra Modi has co-written a 2001 published book, Setubandh, which is a biography of Inamdar. Modi's 2008 book Jyotipunj, on sixteen prominent RSS figures, also has a chapter on Inamdar. In Jyotipunj, Modi credited Inamdar with opening 150 RSS shakhas in 3–4 years—following the lifting of a 4-year ban on the RSS in 1952. Inamdar is also reportedly responsible for shaping Modi's views of relations between Hindus and Muslims.\n\nReferences\n\nRashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh pracharaks\nNarendra Modi\nPeople from Gujarat\n1917 births\n1985 deaths", "Krishan Kumar Modi (27 August 1940 – 2 November 2019), also known as K. K. Modi, was an Indian businessman and the President of Modi Enterprises. Among his three children is Lalit Modi.\n\nBackground\nModi was born in August 1940 in Patiala, the eldest son of Rai Bahadur Gujarmal Modi and his second wife Dayawati Modi. Rai Bahadur Gujarmal Modi was the founder of the Modi Group. He started his first sugar factory in 1933 and gradually built up a vast business empire by venturing into various industrial sectors in the period before and after independence. The young K.K. Modi thus grew up in exciting times, when his father was building the family fortunes, and the country was grappling with major social and political changes.\n\nCareer\nIn 1959, at the age of just 19, Krishan Kumar accompanied his uncle Kedaarnath Modi (Gujarmal's step-brother) to several European countries, to explore the possibility of purchasing the latest textile machinery to produce higher quality cloth. Managing the textile production in the silk mill was the next project entrusted to him. In 1965, he was appointed the Vice-President of Modipon—the then newly established nylon yarn manufacturing unit in Modinagar.\n\nIn 1976, Gujarmal Modi died. KK Modi then provided leadership as patriarch of the Modi family and the group remained united until 1989, when the various businesses of the Modi Group of companies were divided between the five sons of Gujarmal Modi. He has since then moved into cigarette manufacturing, pesticides, leather, industrial chemical technology and other sectors. He was also considered to be India's 89th richest man in 2012, according to Forbes.\n\nModi has served in the following positions:\n President (Confederation of Asia Pacific Chambers of Commerce & Industry – CACCI)\n Patron (Indian Chamber of Commerce & Industry – ICCI)\n\nPersonal life\nModi is one of the eleven children (five sons and six daughters) of Rai Bahadur Gujarmal Modi, founder of the Modi Group, by his second wife, Dayawati Devi. His birth in 1940 was greeted with unprecedented joy in the Modi household, because the family had pined for a son for over two decades. His father's first wife, Rajban Devi, had borne as many as ten children, but every single one of them had died in childbirth or infancy. Finally, in 1932, at the behest of his ailing first wife and family elders, Gujarmal Modi had taken a second wife, Dayawati Devi. Several daughters were then born, before the birth of KK Modi, the long-awaited heir, in 1940. KK Modi's younger brothers are Vinay Kumar, Satish Kumar, Bhupendra Kumar Modi and Umesh Kumar.\n\nModi was married to Bina Modi on 4 December 1961 at the age of 21. The match was arranged by their parents in the traditional Indian way. Bina is a cooking enthusiast who runs the Ego Thai restaurant in New Delhi. They have three children, a daughter named Charu Bhartia, and two sons, Lalit Modi and Samir Modi. Charu, who handles the Modi group's educational venture, is the mother of Priyal Bhartia (daughter) and Ashrant Bhartia (son). KK Modi's second son, Samir Modi, handles the group's ventures in the retail and cosmetics sector. He is married to Shivani and is the father of two daughters, Jayati and Vedika.\n\nKK Modi's elder son is the controversial Lalit Modi, the flamboyant cricket administrator famous for creating the Indian Premier League, who is now (as on 10 Dec 2019) wanted by the Indian authorities on various charges and lives in London. Lalit and his parents were estranged for many years. This is because he fell in love with a married woman, Minal, who was nine years older than him and the mother of a teenage daughter. Minal, who came into contact with Lalit because she was Bina's friend, was Hindu by birth, but her first husband and her daughter Karima were both Muslim. Minal divorced her husband and married Lalit, to the horror and disgust of his parents, who disowned him and did not have any contact with him for many years. Lalit is the father of Ruchir (son) and Aliya (daughter), and the step-father of Karima, who is married (again in the teeth of stiff resistance from the Burman family) to Gaurav Burman, son of Vivek Burman of the Dabur Group.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Modi group, official website\n\n1940 births\n2019 deaths\nBusinesspeople from Haryana\nKrishan Kumar\nPeople from Modinagar\nPeople from Patiala\nPunjabi people" ]

[ "Narendra Modi", "Final years", "What happened in her final years?", "Modi made extensive use of holograms", "How did Modi use holograms?", "allowing him to reach a large number of people,", "Did Modi ran for any political positions ?", "Modi won the constituency of Maninagar" ]

[ "S. R. Parthiban is an Indian politician and Ex-member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Mettur constituency. He represented the Desiya Murpokku Dravidar Kazhagam party. Later he joined in DMK in 2016 and continued as a party activist in Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. After joining in DMK, He contested in state legislative assembly election from Mettur constituency in 2016 and lost by small marginal votes. but he continued working for the party, owing to his tiredless work for the party, DMK Chief Mr. Stalin gave a seat to stand for MP Election from Salem constituency. During his election campaign he went across the Salem Constituency and discussed with people about their needs. His tiredless work in election campaign did not go in vain. He won the Lok Sabha Election in Salem constituency in 2019 by getting 6,06,302 votes (48.3%). DMK win in the Salem constituency is the historic win because after 38 years DMK had registered a winning result in this constituency. Out of 38 elected DMK Alliance MPs from Tamilnadu he is in the list of top 15 DMK Alliance MPs winning with the most votes difference in 2019 Loksabha Election. He also made a massive record of getting more votes difference (146,976).\n\nReferences \n\nDesiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam politicians\nLiving people\nMembers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly\nYear of birth missing (living people)\n17th Lok Sabha members", "Ernest Attuquaye Armah (born 27 August 1957) is a Development Planner, Architect and Quantity Surveyor. He was also a politician and a former member of parliament for the Trobu-Amasaman constituency in the Greater Accra region of Ghana.\n\nEarly life and education \nArmah was born in 1957 and comes from Afuaman (Manhean Electoral Area) in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. He obtained a Master of Science degree in Architecture from the Kiev Civil Engineering Institute in Ukraine in 1988.\n\nPersonal life and career \nArmah is a Christian who worships with the Church of Pentecost. He is married with four children. He works as a Chief Engineer at the Ga District Assembly.\n\nPolitics \nArmah was elected as the member of parliament for the Ga South constituency in the 3rd parliament of the 4th republic in the 2000 Ghanaian general elections. He was elected on the ticket of the National Democratic Congress. His constituency was a part of the 6 parliamentary seats out of 22 seats won by the National Democratic Congress in that election for the Greater Accra Region.\n\nThe National Democratic Congress won a minority total of 92 parliamentary seats out of 200 seats in the 3rd parliament of the 4th republic of Ghana. He was elected with 41,745 votes out of 78,849 total valid votes cast. This was equivalent to 53.8% of the total valid votes cast.\n\nHe was elected over Samuel Nii-Aryeetey Attoh of the New Patriotic Party, Thelma Lantwei Lamptey of the Convention People's Party, Abraham Lartey Joe of the National Reform Party, Daniel Addoquaye Pappoe of the People's National Convention and Edward Osei Bonsu of the United Ghana Movement. These obtained 30,425, 2,510, 1,556, 1,035 and 335 votes respectively out of the total valid votes cast. These were equivalent to 39.2%, 3.2%, 2.0%, 1.3 and 0.4% respectively of total valid votes cast.\n\nHowever, during the 2004 elections, after the Ga South constituency was dissolved, Armah represented the National Democratic Congress in the Amasaman constituency but lost to Samuel Nii-Aryeetey Attoh.\n\nIn 2008, he became a member of the Fifth Parliament of the Fourth Republic of Ghana. He won the Trobu-Amasaman constituency in 2008 on the ticket of the National Democratic Congress. He won the seat with a total number of 34,797 votes out of the 71,093 valid votes cast, getting 48.9% out of 100%. In the 2012 elections, his constituency was divide into two, now the Trobu constituency and the Amasaman constituency. However, he did not win any seat in these two constituencies.\n\nReferences \n\nLiving people\n1957 births\nGhanaian Christians\nGhanaian architects\nNational Democratic Congress (Ghana) politicians\nGhanaian MPs 2001–2005\nGhanaian MPs 2009–2013" ]

[ "Narendra Modi", "Final years", "What happened in her final years?", "Modi made extensive use of holograms", "How did Modi use holograms?", "allowing him to reach a large number of people,", "Did Modi ran for any political positions ?", "Modi won the constituency of Maninagar", "With how many votes did he win this constituency?", "by 86,373 votes" ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Narendra Modi", "Final years", "What happened in her final years?", "Modi made extensive use of holograms", "How did Modi use holograms?", "allowing him to reach a large number of people,", "Did Modi ran for any political positions ?", "Modi won the constituency of Maninagar", "With how many votes did he win this constituency?", "by 86,373 votes", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Modi's election campaign in 2007 and 2012 contained elements of Hindu nationalism." ]

[ "Affect, as a term of rhetoric, is the responsive, emotional feeling (affect) that precedes cognition. Affect differs from pathos as described by Aristotle as one of the modes of proof and pathos as described by Jasinski as an emotional appeal because it is “the response we have to things before we label that response with feelings or emotions.”\n\nIn further exploring this term, scholars recognized affect’s rhetorical role in literature, photography, marketing and memory. In 2012, Rogers described how author W. E. B. Du Bois used the structure of his work, The Souls of Black Folk, to affect his audience into feeling shame. In 2016, Brunner and Deluca proposed the term affective winds to describe “the force of images that moves people to engage and interact by exploring the affective potency of visual arguments.” Affective winds were part of the rhetorical persuasiveness of images shared through social media. In a different sense, Harold described how the Target Corporation’s advertising used aura and affect to democratize the appearance of some products. Affect has also been identified as a conduit through which rhetorical memories can be internalized.\n\nDrawing from philosophy, some rhetorical studies of affect have followed Martin Heidegger's articulation of Dasein which posits \"affect\" as the ground of reason. Others follow post-structuralist and post-Heideggerian insights to follow affect's influence on rhetorical canons and digital rhetoric.\n\nReferences\n\nRhetorical techniques", "The name Miriam has been used for eight tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.\n\nHurricane Miriam (1978), a Category 1 hurricane that threatened Hawaii but did not affect land.\nHurricane Miriam (1982), a Category 1 hurricane that did not affect land.\nTropical Storm Miriam (1988), continuation of Hurricane Joan which originally formed in the Atlantic Ocean and crossed into the Pacific.\nTropical Storm Miriam (1994), a short-lived storm that did not affect land.\nTropical Storm Miriam (2000), a short-lived storm that hit Baja California as a weak storm.\nTropical Storm Miriam (2006), a short-lived tropical storm that did not affect land.\nHurricane Miriam (2012), a Category 3 hurricane that did not affect land.\nHurricane Miriam (2018), a Category 2 hurricane that did not affect land.\n\nPacific hurricane disambiguation pages" ]

[ "Narendra Modi", "Final years", "What happened in her final years?", "Modi made extensive use of holograms", "How did Modi use holograms?", "allowing him to reach a large number of people,", "Did Modi ran for any political positions ?", "Modi won the constituency of Maninagar", "With how many votes did he win this constituency?", "by 86,373 votes", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Modi's election campaign in 2007 and 2012 contained elements of Hindu nationalism.", "How did this affect his campaing?", "Modi only attended Hindu religious ceremonies, and had prominent associations with Hindu religious leaders." ]

[ "The Last Passenger is a 2013 novel written by Manel Loureiro. The plot is about a British journalist named Kate Kilroy who wants to finish her late husband's last story, which tells the story of the Valkyrie, a German 1930's ocean liner where mysterious disappearances have occurred since its maiden voyage. With the desire to finish the story and some curiosity, Kate decides to board the vessel on its new voyage, a voyage from which she might never return. Kate Kilroy boards the Valkyrie in Hamburg, Germany. 20 days after its publishing, The Last Passenger was listed on Amazon US's Best Sellers and is the first Spanish author to achieve this.\n\nPlot \nAugust 28, 1939. A coal-cargo ship named Pass of Ballaster is heading towards Bristol when it finds an abandoned-looking ocean liner named Valkyrie. A rescue team is assembled and sent to check the mysterious ship. When they board, they find a very interesting puzzle: a deserted ship, with recently cooked meals in the dining room; a few months-old baby dropped in the ballroom; and something else, something evil that no one can identify.\n\nPresent Day. Journalist Kate Kilroy is recovering from her husband's sudden death. In his memory, she decides to finish and publish the story he was working on before his death, the Valkyrie. She starts to research it and goes to an old naval base in northern England for some information. The local officers tell Kate the story of the Valkyrie and her ghostly legacy. She also learns that the ship's new owner is a multi-millionaire man named Isaac Feldman, who does anything to get what he wants. Kate meets an old man who was on board the Pass of Ballaster the night she found the Valkyrie. He tells her what happened on the ship when they first boarded, and what happened to the others from the crew. After trying to break into Isaac Feldman's house, Kate tells him what she knows about the ship and he reveals that he was the baby found in Valkyrie's ballroom. When she goes back to see the old man with Feldman, she finds him mutilated and deceased. Now being the only person who knows the whole story, Kate is invited by Feldman to join his team on the new voyage of the Valkyrie, to find out what really happened in 1939.\n\nReferences\n\n21st-century Spanish novels\n2013 novels", "An Englishman in Auschwitz is a 2001 book written by Leon Greenman, a Holocaust survivor. The book details his experiences in the Auschwitz concentration camp.\n\nThe book is a result of the commitment of English-born Greenman to God \"that if he lived, he would let the world know what happened during the war\". In short, the book describes the reminiscences of his days of imprisonment in six concentration camps of the Nazis. Greenman describes the arrival of his family (consisting of himself, his wife, Esther, a Dutchwoman, and their three-year-old son, Barney) at the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp in these words: The women were separated from the men: Else and Barny were marched about 20 yards away to a queue of women...I tried to watch Else. I could see her clearly against the blue lights. She could see me too for she threw me a kiss and held up our child for me to see. What was going through her mind I will never know. Perhaps she was pleased that the journey had come to an end.\n\nReferences\n\n2001 non-fiction books\nPersonal accounts of the Holocaust" ]

[ "Narendra Modi", "Final years", "What happened in her final years?", "Modi made extensive use of holograms", "How did Modi use holograms?", "allowing him to reach a large number of people,", "Did Modi ran for any political positions ?", "Modi won the constituency of Maninagar", "With how many votes did he win this constituency?", "by 86,373 votes", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Modi's election campaign in 2007 and 2012 contained elements of Hindu nationalism.", "How did this affect his campaing?", "Modi only attended Hindu religious ceremonies, and had prominent associations with Hindu religious leaders.", "What else happened towards the final years?", "As Chief Minister, Modi favoured privatisation and small government," ]

[ "Percival Austin Bramble (born January 24, 1931) is a politician from Montserrat. He served as the territory's Chief Minister from December 1970 to November 1978. Bramble is the son of W.H. Bramble, the island's first chief minister. While in office, Bramble helped pass laws to spur development on the island of Montserrat. Among his achievements in this area are the North Road connecting the northern end of the island with its eastern side. Also during his term, medication was made free at the point of delivery for all diabetics and hypertensives.\n\nLeadership\nHis campaign speech was \"I shall slander no one, I shall abuse no one; I shall make no enemies.\"\n\nReferences\n\n1931 births\nMontserrat Labour Party politicians\nMembers of the Legislative Council of Montserrat\nLiving people\nChief Ministers of Montserrat\nChildren of national leaders", "Colonel Kyaw Zaya (; also spelt Kyaw Zay Ya) is a Burmese military officer who currently serving as Minister of Security and Border Affairs for Tanintharyi Region since 20 February 2017. He previously served as Acting Chief Minister of Tanintharyi Region after the arrested Chief Minister Lei Lei Maw with corruption case on 10 March 2019.He became a member of Tanintharyi Administration Council formed after 2021 coup and resumed military services on 1 August 2021.\n\nMilitary and governmental career\nKyaw Zaya served as the tactical officer at Khamaukgyi Subtownship-based Operations (20) Administration Department after the appointed him as vice principal and the chief coach at the No. (12) military training school. Later, he was appointed as Minister of Security and Border Affairs for Tanintharyi Region which is member of Tanintharyi Region Government on 20 February 2017.\n\nActing Chief Minister\nOn 10 March 2019, following the arrested Chief Minister Lei Lei Maw with corruption case, Kyaw Zaya was appointed as acting Chief Minister of Tanintharyi Region, according to constitution laws.\n\nOn 11 March 2019, he succeed his position to Myint Maung, a Regional Minister of Natural Resources and Environment, as acting Chief Minister.\n\nReferences\n\nLiving people\nYear of birth missing (living people)\nBurmese military personnel\nBurmese soldiers\nGovernment ministers of Myanmar\nPeople from Tanintharyi Region" ]

[ "Narendra Modi", "Final years", "What happened in her final years?", "Modi made extensive use of holograms", "How did Modi use holograms?", "allowing him to reach a large number of people,", "Did Modi ran for any political positions ?", "Modi won the constituency of Maninagar", "With how many votes did he win this constituency?", "by 86,373 votes", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Modi's election campaign in 2007 and 2012 contained elements of Hindu nationalism.", "How did this affect his campaing?", "Modi only attended Hindu religious ceremonies, and had prominent associations with Hindu religious leaders.", "What else happened towards the final years?", "As Chief Minister, Modi favoured privatisation and small government,", "Did he make any important laws or helped with some as Chief Minister?", "He established financial and technology parks" ]

[ "The Step-Up Books were published by Random House in the 1960s and 1970s as a follow-on series for students who had surpassed the reading level of the I Can Read books.\n\nTitles\n\nNature Library\n Animals Do the Strangest Things, by Leonora and Arthur Hornblow, illustrated by Michael K. Frith\n Birds Do the Strangest Things\n Fish Do Strangest Things\n Insects Do the Strangest Things\n Reptiles Do the Strangest Things\n Prehistoric Monsters Do the Strangest Things\n Plants Do Amazing Things, by Hedda Nussbaum, illustrated by Joe Mathieu\n Animals Build Amazing Homes\n Sea Creatures Do the Strangest Things\n\nStory of America\n Meet the North American Indians\n Meet Christopher Columbus\n Meet the Pilgrim Fathers, by Elizabeth Payne; illustrated by H.B. Vestal (1966)\n Meet Benjamin Franklin\n Meet George Washington, by Joan Heilbroner, illustrated by Victor Mays (1964)\n The Adventures of Lewis and Clark\n Meet Thomas Jefferson, by Marvin Barrett (1967)\n Meet Andrew Jackson, by Ormonde de Kay, Jr., illustrated by Isa Barnett (1967)\n Meet Robert E. Lee\n Meet Abraham Lincoln\n Meet Theodore Roosevelt\n Meet John F. Kennedy\n Meet Martin Luther King, Jr.\n White House Children\n Meet the Men Who Sailed the Seas by John Dyment\n The Story of Flight by Mary Lee Settle\n\nHistory\n Secrets of the Mummies by Joyce Milton\n True-Life Treasure Hunts\n\nSports Library\n Baseball Players Do Amazing Things\n Football Players Do Amazing Things \n Basketball Players Do Amazing Things\n Wonder Women of Sports\n\nFun and Adventure\n Put Your Foot in Your Mouth and Other Silly Sayings\n Star Wars: The Making of the Movie\n Daredevils Do Amazing Things\n Magicians Do Amazing Things\n Kids Do Amazing Things\n\nSeries of children's books\nChildren's non-fiction books\nRandom House books\nSeries of non-fiction books", "The Lund Principle is an important principle in ecumenical relations between Christian churches. It affirms that churches should act together in all matters except those in which deep differences of conviction compel them to act separately.\n\nIt arises from a question raised by the 1952 Faith and Order Conference of the World Council of Churches held at Lund, Sweden. After \"earnestly request[ing] our Churches to consider whether they are doing all they ought to do to manifest the oneness of the people of God\", it continued: \"Should not our Churches ask themselves whether they are showing sufficient eagerness to enter into conversation with other Churches, and whether they should not act together in all matters except those in which deep differences of conviction compel them to act separately?\"\n\nThis means that, instead of doing ecumenical things, Christians and churches should try to do things ecumenically, in particular, to do things together which are already a part of their normal life, i.e. to share a common life. Churches Together in England has created resources to help local groupings of churches to reflect on various aspects of sharing a common life.\n\nReferences\n\nWorld Council of Churches" ]

[ "Narendra Modi", "Final years", "What happened in her final years?", "Modi made extensive use of holograms", "How did Modi use holograms?", "allowing him to reach a large number of people,", "Did Modi ran for any political positions ?", "Modi won the constituency of Maninagar", "With how many votes did he win this constituency?", "by 86,373 votes", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Modi's election campaign in 2007 and 2012 contained elements of Hindu nationalism.", "How did this affect his campaing?", "Modi only attended Hindu religious ceremonies, and had prominent associations with Hindu religious leaders.", "What else happened towards the final years?", "As Chief Minister, Modi favoured privatisation and small government,", "Did he make any important laws or helped with some as Chief Minister?", "He established financial and technology parks", "Did he do any other important things?", "The governments led by Patel and Modi supported NGOs and communities in the creation of groundwater-conservation projects." ]

[ "A spreading ground is a water conservation facility that retains surface water long enough for it to percolate into the soil. Spreading grounds must be located where underlying soils are permeable and connected to a target aquifer.\nLocating them above silt or clay would prevent the surface water from reaching formations that store water.\n\nWhen natural percolation of precipitation is insufficient to replenish groundwater withdrawn for human use, artificial recharge helps prevent aquifer depletion, subsidence and saltwater intrusion. Spreading grounds are one of several available technologies, and are useful to harness storm water runoff in populated areas with low annual precipitation.\nFor example, Los Angeles County, California has 27 such facilities, and four more operated in conjunction with the department, many of which date to the 1930s.\n\nWhile managed aquifer recharge (MAR) projects utilizing storm water and diverted surface water runoff augment groundwater recharge, data suggests that the infiltration capacity of spreading grounds in drought-prone regions is underused due to the seasonality of rainfall. In response, interest is being generated around MAR projects that utilize recycled water to supplement other water sources. Orange County's Groundwater Replenishment System serves as an example of one such system that is combining recycled water and storm water to recharge groundwater through spreading grounds to meet the municipality's annual water needs.\n\nToday, many spreading grounds, which were once considered single-purpose facilities, are being converted to combine municipalities' goals for groundwater recharge with demands for additional recreational opportunities, green space and wildlife habitat. The Dominguez Gap Wetlands in Long Beach, California, which consists of two spreading grounds, is an example of one of these multi-purpose facilities. While the facility's east basin was converted into constructed wetlands, the west basin remains a spreading ground that recharges the local aquifer by an estimated 450-acre feet annually.\n\nReferences\n\nWater resources management", "Conjunctive use is often used in discussing water supplies and water conservation. This phrase usually is used to describe the practice of storing surface water in a groundwater basin in wet years and withdrawing it from the basin in dry years. Conjunctive use consists of harmoniously combining the use of both surface water and groundwater in order to minimise the undesirable physical, environmental and economical effects of each solution and to optimise the water demand\n\nReferences \n\nWater conservation" ]

[ "Narendra Modi", "Final years", "What happened in her final years?", "Modi made extensive use of holograms", "How did Modi use holograms?", "allowing him to reach a large number of people,", "Did Modi ran for any political positions ?", "Modi won the constituency of Maninagar", "With how many votes did he win this constituency?", "by 86,373 votes", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Modi's election campaign in 2007 and 2012 contained elements of Hindu nationalism.", "How did this affect his campaing?", "Modi only attended Hindu religious ceremonies, and had prominent associations with Hindu religious leaders.", "What else happened towards the final years?", "As Chief Minister, Modi favoured privatisation and small government,", "Did he make any important laws or helped with some as Chief Minister?", "He established financial and technology parks", "Did he do any other important things?", "The governments led by Patel and Modi supported NGOs and communities in the creation of groundwater-conservation projects.", "Did he generate any groundwater-conservation projects?", "500,000 structures had been built, of which 113,738 were check dams," ]

[ "Guy Leblanc was a politician from Quebec, Canada and a former Mayor of Trois-Rivières.\n\nBackground\n\nHe was born around 1947 and is a notary.\n\nCity Councillor\n\nHe was elected to the Trois-Rivières City Council in 1982 and was re-elected in 1986.\n\nMayor of Trois-Rivières\n\nAfter Mayor Gilles Beaudoin announced that he would retire from politics in 1990, Leblanc made the decision to run for Mayor of Trois-Rivières and won. He was re-elected in 1994 and 1998. He did not run for re-election in 2001.\n\nProvincial Politics\n\nHe also ran as a Liberal candidate in 1998 in the provincial district of Trois-Rivières against Parti Québécois incumbent Guy Julien. Julien was re-elected by a large margin.\n\nFootnotes\n\nLiving people\nMayors of Trois-Rivières\nTrois-Rivières city councillors\nYear of birth missing (living people)", "Mukhran Gogia (; born August 16, 1971 in Zugdidi, Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti) is a retired male weightlifter from Georgia. He qualified for the 1996 Summer Olympics, but eventually did not start in Atlanta, Georgia. Four years later Gogia had to retire after one snatch after having finished fourth in the men's heavyweight division (– 105 kg) at the 1999 World Weightlifting Championships. Gogia now is a truck driver for Zen Auto Transport LLC out of Southampton, PA.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \n\n1971 births\nLiving people\nMale weightlifters from Georgia (country)\nOlympic weightlifters of Georgia (country)\nWeightlifters at the 1996 Summer Olympics\nWeightlifters at the 2000 Summer Olympics" ]

[ "Narendra Modi", "Final years", "What happened in her final years?", "Modi made extensive use of holograms", "How did Modi use holograms?", "allowing him to reach a large number of people,", "Did Modi ran for any political positions ?", "Modi won the constituency of Maninagar", "With how many votes did he win this constituency?", "by 86,373 votes", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Modi's election campaign in 2007 and 2012 contained elements of Hindu nationalism.", "How did this affect his campaing?", "Modi only attended Hindu religious ceremonies, and had prominent associations with Hindu religious leaders.", "What else happened towards the final years?", "As Chief Minister, Modi favoured privatisation and small government,", "Did he make any important laws or helped with some as Chief Minister?", "He established financial and technology parks", "Did he do any other important things?", "The governments led by Patel and Modi supported NGOs and communities in the creation of groundwater-conservation projects.", "Did he generate any groundwater-conservation projects?", "500,000 structures had been built, of which 113,738 were check dams,", "Did he retire from politics eventually?", "After his election as prime minister, Modi resigned as the chief minister and as an MLA from Maninagar on 21 May 2014." ]

[ "\"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, Affection. It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \"My Apple Heart,\" \"Lay Me Down\" and \"Something's Happenin'.\" \"What Did I Do to You?\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and by the Grammy Award-winning American house music DJ and producer, David Morales. The single became a top forty hit in the European countries reaching number eighteen in Finland, number twenty in Ireland and number twenty-five in the United Kingdom. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was also released in Japan.\n\nIn 2014, the remixes of \"What Did I Do to You?\" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of Affection and on People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology. They were also featured on The Collection 1989–2003 box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales.\n\nCritical reception\nThe song received positive reviews from music critics. Matthew Hocter from Albumism viewed it as a \"upbeat offering\". David Giles from Music Week said it is \"beautifully performed\" by Stansfield. A reviewer from Reading Eagle wrote that \"What Did I Do to You?\" \"would be right at home on the \"Saturday Night Fever\" soundtrack.\"\n\nMusic video\nA music video was produced to promote the single, directed by Philip Richardson, who had previously directed the videos for \"All Around the World\" and \"Live Together\". It features Stansfield with her kiss curls, dressed in a white outfit and performing with her band on a stage in front of a jumping audience. The video was later published on Stansfield's official YouTube channel in November 2009. It has amassed more than 1,6 million views as of October 2021.\n\nTrack listings\n\n European/UK 7\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK/Japanese CD single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n UK 10\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix) – 5:52\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK 12\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 4:22\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 3:19\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:15\n\n UK 12\" promotional single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Anti Poll Tax Dub) – 6:31\n\n Other remixes\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Red Zone Mix) – 7:45\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nLisa Stansfield songs\n1990 singles\nSongs written by Lisa Stansfield\n1989 songs\nArista Records singles\nSongs written by Ian Devaney\nSongs written by Andy Morris (musician)", "What Did I Do To Deserve This My Lord!? 2 (formerly known as Holy Invasion Of Privacy, Badman! 2: Time To Tighten Up Security!, known as Yūsha no Kuse ni Namaiki da or2, 勇者のくせになまいきだor2, literally \"For a hero, [you are] quite impudent/cheeky/bold] 2)\" in Japan) is a real-time strategy/god game for the PlayStation Portable, sequel to What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?.\n\nThe game was released in Japan in 2008, and was announced for a North American release during Tokyo Game Show 2009. This release was delayed until May 4, 2010, due to NIS America changing the game's name from Holy Invasion Of Privacy, Badman! 2: Time to Tighten Up Security! to What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord!? 2 to avoid conflict with the Batman license.. The UMD release includes the first game.\n\nGameplay \nThe gameplay is almost identical to the first game, with a few different additions and changes. These include 'Mutation' (monsters can mutate in three forms: by deformity, by obesity and by gigantism) and 'The Overlord's Chamber', where you can grow monsters and observe their evolution.\nWhat Did I Do To Deserve This, My Lord!? 2 contains \"4 times more stages, 3.3 times more monsters and 2.3 times more heroes\" than the first game.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Official website\n\n2008 video games\nGod games\nPlayStation Portable games\nPlayStation Portable-only games\nReal-time strategy video games\nSony Interactive Entertainment games\nVideo game sequels\nVideo games developed in Japan" ]

[ "The Beatles", "Musical style and development" ]

[ "Stare Dobre Małżeństwo (in English translation \"good old marriage\") is a Polish music group.\n\nThe band derives from the so-called \"student music\", popular in Poland. This musical style is characterised by the use of a guitar for accompaniment, while the lyrics often talk about hiking in the Polish mountains, love and adventure. SDM, however, quickly created their own style, and became famous due to their interesting musical interpretations of poems written by the famous Polish poet Edward Stachura. Another important author, who worked with the band, is the Polish poet Adam Ziemianin.\n\nCurrently, the band has moved away from \"student music\" towards what can be described as acoustic blues. Furthermore, they often use poems of the forgotten poet Jan Rybowicz whose work addressed important questions about human existence.\n\nDiscography\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \n\nSung poetry of Poland\nPolish musical groups", "Chaoui is a musical style of Aurès in southern Algeria. Chaoui is the French or Berber spelling of the Shawiya language. The music is sometimes called Shawiya style in English, but also as French Chaoui.\n\nIt is a mix of sahraoui (Saharan) music and marked danceable rhythms, accompanied by flute and bendir. \n\nNotable singers include Houria Aïchi, Ali El-Khencheli, A'issa ÉI-Djermouni, Hadj Bouregaa, Teldja and Zoulikha.\n\nReferences\n\nAlgerian music\nBerber music" ]

[ "The Beatles", "Musical style and development", "What is notable about their music style?", "\". His melody lines are characterised as primarily \"vertical\", employing wide, consonant intervals which express his \"extrovert energy and optimism\"." ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "The Beatles", "Musical style and development", "What is notable about their music style?", "\". His melody lines are characterised as primarily \"vertical\", employing wide, consonant intervals which express his \"extrovert energy and optimism\".", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "the Fab Four revolutionised the sound, style, and attitude of popular music and opened rock and roll's doors to a tidal wave of British rock acts." ]

[ "The Film Advisory Board (FAB) is a member-supported organization founded in 1975 by Elayne Blythe (1919–2005). The FAB's \"Award of Excellence\" was developed to award quality family-oriented and children's entertainment in both print and electronic media.\n\nThe second division of FAB is the FAB Ratings System. Originally developed by Elayne Blythe in four categories (\"L\", \"V\", \"N\" and \"S\", for (respectively) Language, Violence, Nudity and Sex), the present system was developed in 1988 at the request of independent film makers and distributors as an alternative to the Motion Picture Association of America film rating system. The FAB ratings system is intended to be less costly and more informative than the MPAA's system. The ratings fee is based on the film's running time instead of negative cost, and the ratings are based on the level of maturity of the material's intended audience, rather than the film's content.\n\nWhile the FAB ratings system is not as recognized or well known as the MPAA's rating system, it is in use by a number of commercial video distributors for direct-to-video releases that would have been impractical to submit to the MPAA.\n\nFilm Advisory Board Rating System\nThe Film Advisory Board has six ratings categories. Each includes a brief description as to the rating's explanation, such as \"Violence in Battle Scenes\", \"Substance Abuse\" or \"Brief Nudity\".\n\nCriticism of the \"Seal of Excellence\"\n\nThe Film Advisory Board has come under criticism as of late with the seemingly wide use of the FAB Seal of Excellence, with critics stating that while the seal denotes family-friendly entertainment, it does not always denote quality. Critic Erik Childress has criticized the Film Advisory Board for being hypocritical in its application of the Seal of Excellence, in part because it was applied to such films as Deck the Halls and the 2006 remake of The Pink Panther, both of which he felt violated the FAB's listed guidelines by including \"strong sexual content...related to sex and titillation\". When Gelf Magazine contacted Janet Stokes, current head of the FAB, about awarding the FAB Seal of Excellence to the box-office flop Deck the Halls, she admitted that the FAB does not review movies, but determines which are suitable for children:\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nThe only authorized official website of the Film Advisory Board is http://www.filmadvisoryboard.com\n \n \"Seal of Doom\" - Article by Jerry Beck, critical of the FAB Seal of Excellence\n\n1975 establishments in the United States\nCinema of the United States\nMotion picture rating systems\nOrganizations established in 1975", "The fading affect bias, more commonly known as FAB, is a psychological phenomenon in which memories associated with negative emotions tend to be forgotten more quickly than those associated with positive emotions. It is important to note that FAB only refers to the feelings one has associated with the memories and not the content of the memories themselves. Early research studied FAB retrospectively, or through personal reflection, which brought about some criticism because retrospective analysis can be affected by subjective retrospective biases. However, new research using non-retrospective recall studies have found evidence for FAB., and the phenomenon has become largely accepted.\n\nDescription and background \nSome of the earliest evidence for the Fading Affect Bias dates back to a study by . Cason's study using a retrospective procedure where participants recalled and rated past events and emotion when prompted found that recalled emotional intensity for positive events was generally stronger than that of negative events.\n\nLandau and Gunter (2009) showed that the FAB occurs regardless of whether the experience is shared between one person or a group of people that share that memory. People’s recall of an event, the negative affective quality of the event can lessen. And the fading affect bias can have an effect on the memory.\n\nInitially, the Fading Affect Bias was widely accepted as the process whereby the emotional valence of certain events fades over time. More specifically, early researchers largely believed that there was a general fading over time of emotional content and intensity in relation to specific life events, regardless of whether the experiences were positive or negative. However, later studies found emotional intensity of negative events to dissipate at a faster rate than positively perceived events. Furthermore, not only are the negative emotions toward the event fading over time, but the ability to recall the negative event memory fades overtime as well. Growing evidence has also acknowledged the tendency for originally negative events to shift over time and be viewed in a more positive way. The FAB exists universally across cultures, and increases in intensity as we age.\n\nDue to the fading of negative event memories, the autobiographical memory of an individual is skewed in a positive light. The FAB is an essential counterpart to the positive affect bias, as it allows and promotes the salience of positive emotional memories. It also plays an important role in positive personal event memory trends essential to the Pollyanna Principle.\n\nViews opposing the FAB concern the idea that negative memories and negative experiences are more salient than positive ones and therefore negative memories would not be subject to recall fading. The first opposing idea is based on the \"bad is stronger than good\" theory, and is therefore more salient, in terms of affective fading. This view contrary to fading affect bias argues that due to the nature of the self, we are more inclined to focus on and remember negative events. This theory focuses on the belief that human nature is based around negative experiences, memories, and emotions. These are more shaping than all others in regard to the hedonistic view. Those that came up with the “bad is stronger than good” theory talk about how nature itself has been shaped by negative experiences. Things that are better attuned to negative things are also more adaptive and able to survive better. This effect can feed into every aspect of life. Yet, despite this theory, research has also shown that people often recall positive events more often and clearly than negative events, which opposes the idea that “bad is stronger than good”.\n\nAnother opposing idea to fading affect bias, a stems from the Freudian theory of repression, that in order for repression to occur, the negative emotion associated with the traumatic event would have to remain. The diminishing of these memories via FAB could possibly make repression incapable of occurring, at least according to this interpretation of the concept of repression. However, this idea has been attributed to Freud despite it has been noted that it is only an extension of the Freudian view and not a direct statement of that view. Therefore, none of this views represent solid arguments against FAB and the growing body of evidence seems to solidify its existence.\n\nResearch history \nCriticism of the study centered around the fact that retrospective and introspective procedures could be subject to memory biases. A later study—Holmes (1970)—took a \"non-introspective\" approach to studying FAB using a record of diary events that included the emotional intensity of the event. Twenty-six subjects were told to record events in a diary and record the emotional intensities of the experiences. Results from these studies were found to be generally consistent with FAB.\n\nA study by discussed the role which memory plays in FAB using diary recording to analyze cognitive processes. Here, it is stated that human beings are preferential in what they select to remember and that certain particulars of events fade, but not emotions. This study found that emotions prompted by positive events were more likely to last than those prompted by negative occurrences.\n\n used subject's personal responses to 1200 autobiographical events to study the Fading Affect Bias. In this study, four possible trends were found regarding memory: the Fixed Affect (wherein emotional intensity is maintained), the Fading Affect (wherein emotional intensity diminishes), the Flourishing Affect (where there is an increase in intensity), and the Flexible Affect (where there is a reversal of valence). For positive recollections, the Fixed Affect was more prominent (39%) than the Fading Affect (37%). However, for negative occurrences, the Fading Affect was more prominent (51%) than the Fixed Affect (38%). Reiterating the bias towards the fading of negative memories.\n\nIn addition to the aforementioned psychological studies, related neurobiological studies were conducted that could possibly further explain the phenomenon of FAB. During an interview, neurobiologist Matt Wilson detailed that in studying the brain activity of rats it was found that the remembrance of past events and the anticipation of future events seemed to be linked neurologically. This is a possible implication of why FAB exists: the human need to catalog relevant information to be used in the future.\n\nMemory types \nFAB is most commonly observed in autobiographical event memories, however it has been explored across different memory types.\n\nFlashbulb memories \n A study by Bohn & Berntsen (2007) used the falling of the Berlin Wall to observe how the FAB affects flashbulb memories. East and West Germans were asked to rate their feelings toward the fall of the Berlin Wall when it happened and their current feelings towards the event. They found that individuals with positive feelings towards the event, at the time of the event, maintained their positive feelings at time of recall. Those who viewed the fall of The Wall as negative had less negative emotions attached to the event at time of recall. The salience of FAB outside of autobiographical event recall, such as flashbulb memory recall, strengthens the argument for this phenomenon being universal.\n\nSomething else to note that was found in this study was when looking at flashbulb memories there is the person tendency to indulge the memory or not. When asked to focus on a positive flashbulb memory the person tended to re-immerse themselves into the memory and the memories were seen as shaping parts of their lives. The accuracy of these memories was susceptible to change as they reconstructed in their minds. When asked to focus on a negative flashbulb memory the person would not have this immersion as they did not want to associate as much with these negative experiences. However, the accuracy's of the memories was far higher. FAB is thought to have a significant effect on how these memories are maintained within the mind.\n\nDreams \nRitchie & Skowronski (2008) asked individuals to keep dream journals in which they rated their feelings about their dreams when they happened and were later asked to recall how they felt about those same dreams. In line with previous findings about the nature of the FAB and autobiographical memory, positive affect at time of occurrence and at time of recall decreased slower than that of negative affect. An interesting finding in this study was that the FAB was mitigated by the use of recreational drugs.\n\nModerating factors\n\nSocial moderators\n\nRehearsal \nSharing and repeating one's memories with others can effectively change one's perception of the memory and the emotions attached to it. Frequently sharing memories with others can increase recall of positive event memories and effectively decrease negative event memories, thus promoting positive event memory recall. To amplify effects of the FAB, frequent, repeated, social disclosure of event memories, perceived as social support is integral. Overall, the sharing of events with others can positively influence the way an individual remembers events, however self-rehearsal does not yield the same results, as it is linked to a lack of affective fading overall. Self-rehearsal can allow the subject to maintain the vividness of both positive and negative of the memory. The effect that rehearsal has on FAB can also possibly be explained by the relationship between event rehearsal and memory retainment and vividness\n\nPersonality moderators \nAnxiety\n\nFAB’s effectiveness can be affected by anxiety. Depending on the amount of anxiety a person is experiencing the effectiveness of FAB can be reduced. Increased levels of anxiety lowered FAB for both positive and negative events. This has been found in multiple studies showing anxiety has a powerful effect on FAB. Those with higher anxiety seem to show that increased levels of anxiety may produce a greater sense of awareness that amplify the emotional aspects of their memory of an event.\n\nSomething to consider from these findings is that those that suffer from anxiety report more emotional experiences, and a poorer understanding of their own emotions. These people recall experiences with more emotion than was originally there but struggle to define those emotions within the memory. Studies have looked at this in relation to those with trait anxiety who are stuck in a state of anticipating a threat whether real or perceived. Other studies have shown that individuals that suffer with higher levels of anxiety do not have to be consciously aware that perceived threats are distracting them and creating more anxiety for themselves (Bishop, 2007). Those experiencing higher levels of anxiety seem to experience these effects more than others, which likely affects how they experience the world and how they recall autobiographical memories.\n\nDepression \nThe presence of depression or dysphoria can moderate the effectiveness of FAB. The overall contents of autobiographical memories between depressed and non-depressed individuals differ in that a dysphoric autobiographical memory has more negative event memories. As found in multiple studies, the disproportionate amount of negative memories of a dysphoric individual can be attributed to the interruption of the FAB. Negative memories tend to fade slower in dysphorics than in non-dysphorics, and furthermore dysphorics' positive memories and negative memories seem to fade at similar rates.\n\nNarcissism \nNarcissists are seen as having extremely high levels of self-esteem, thus one would believe they have an elevated FAB, however this is not the case. The more narcissistic an individual is, it has been found, the less of an FAB effect is present. An exception to this depends on the type of event memory that is being recalled. When the focus of the event memory is the narcissist or something that they did, the FAB is present. However, when focused on a memory involving a group or community, FAB was not present. There is some evidence that those with low levels of narcissism experience the FAB effect more and that there is a correlation between levels of narcissism and FAB. The moderation of the FAB by narcissism provides more evidence that FAB is an indicator of healthy emotional regulation\n\nEmotional moderators\n\nMood \nIt is a common misconception when looking at the FAB that the mood state of the individual during recall will significantly impact their perception of the event. For example, a person is only looking back at a negative event with a positive lens because they are currently in a good mood. A study by found this to be partially true in that the most positive individuals at time of recall have a more pertinent FAB effect, however FAB was still experienced by everyone no matter their emotional state, reinforcing that FAB is a universal experience that functions beyond the current emotional state.\n\nPossible explanations\n\nFAB is regarded a generally beneficial occurrence. A popular explanation for the FAB among psychologists and researchers alike, is the need for healthy self-awareness, self-regulation and positive self view. Effectively regulating negative emotions in autobiographical memories reduces maladaptive future behavior and allows for the enhancing of the self. FAB allows for successful social navigation by promoting the retention of positive experiences, thus allowing for an individual to be open to new experiences as modeled in the Broaden-and-Build theory. This is further supported by evidence which shows that individuals with depression, a maladaptive disorder, experience interference with FAB by retaining negative emotions from unpleasant memories. FAB may also be attributed to one's drive to protect oneself from recalling traumatic experiences and may also explain why negative experiences may feel farther away in time than they actually are. Overall, the fading affect bias is seen as an adaptive behavior in healthy individuals that allows for a more positive outlook on life\n\nCultural Considerations \nMuch of the research for FAB has been done almost exclusively in the US. Time and again the results and effects of FAB are shown in normal life and within the lab. There is a concern that FAB is only prevalent within the US and that it could reflect US attitude of “looking to the brightside.” In light of this Ritchie and associates did a test of 10 different samples from 6 different universities with access to diverse ethnic backgrounds. FAB occurred in every sample regardless of background establishing a solid foundation that FAB seems to be universal. Knowing that FAB is universal doesn’t mean that it as prevalent in all cultures though. Culture effectively standardizes the customs and rituals that formalize the human relationships according to the core groups’ value system. It, therefore, enables individuals and groups to reduce stress by anticipating events. Different cultures experience stress, depression and these other emotions differently, which can greatly affect how prevalent FAB is within that particular culture.\n\nReferences\n\nResources and studies\n\nStudies\n\n Abstract\n\nFurther reading\n\nExternal links\nFading affect bias on Google Scholar\n\nCognitive biases\nMemory biases" ]

[ "The Beatles", "Musical style and development", "What is notable about their music style?", "\". His melody lines are characterised as primarily \"vertical\", employing wide, consonant intervals which express his \"extrovert energy and optimism\".", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "the Fab Four revolutionised the sound, style, and attitude of popular music and opened rock and roll's doors to a tidal wave of British rock acts.", "What is the Fab Four?", "The Beatles as Musicians," ]

[ "The Jersey Shore sound is a genre of rock and roll popularized at the Jersey Shore on the Atlantic Ocean coast of New Jersey, United States.\n\nThe Jersey Shore sound evolved from the mixing of pre-Beatles rock and roll, rhythm and blues, doo-wop, and the urban culture of the Mid-Atlantic states. The form has a strong Italian-American influence inasmuch as many of the form's key precursors and artists, from Frankie Valli through Bruce Springsteen, are of Italian ancestry and urban background. \n\nJersey Shore music shares two thematic elements with the genres of heartland rock and roots rock: A focus on the daily lives of people (in this case, those living in the stereotypically industrial society of the northeast United States, Northern and Central Jersey) and a sense of being the underdog (a theme in the genre from The Four Seasons' \"Rag Doll\", \"Walk Like a Man\", and \"Big Man in Town\" and through Springsteen's Dancing in the Dark).. Traditionally it also is known by its horn section.\n\nMajor artists\n Bruce Springsteen \n Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes\n Looking Glass \n Little Steven and the Disciples of Soul\n\nOther artists\n Willy DeVille and Mink DeVille: The Willy DeVille bands of the early 1980s exhibited a pure Jersey Shore sound with accordions and a full-throated sax played by Louis Cortelezzi. Critics sometimes compared Mink DeVille's Coup de Grâce (1981) and Where Angels Fear to Tread (1983) to Springsteen and Southside Johnny. Allmusic said about Coup de Grâce, \"The band's sound combined with Nitzsche's timeless production style, which combined with that voice to create a purer rock & roll noise than even Springsteen's in 1981.\" Allmusic said about Where Angels Fear to Tread, \"Why (Mink DeVille) didn't catch and George Thorogood and Southside Johnny (briefly) did is a mystery that will be up to '80s historians to figure out.\"\n The Gaslight Anthem: A New Brunswick, New Jersey rock band that encompasses punk rock, blues, soul, and Americana as well as Jersey shore. They achieved the best album of 2008 awards from punknews.org and eMusic as well as high ratings from multiple sites for their album The '59 Sound.\n\nSee also\nBrown-eyed soul\nDoo-wop\nRock and roll\nSoul music\nHeartland rock\nRoots rock\nBeach music\n\nReferences \n\n \nAmerican rock music genres\nMusic of New Jersey\nMusic scenes", "\"A Praise Chorus\" is a song by American rock band Jimmy Eat World. It was released in 2002 as the fourth single released from the band's fourth album Bleed American, which was later retitled Jimmy Eat World.\n\nSongs \"praised\" by this song\nAfter the second stanza, references to seven songs become the \"praise chorus\" of the title. The first line is sung continuously in the background before the other six are sung over it.\n\nTommy James and the Shondells – \"Crimson and Clover\" – \"Crimson and clover, over and over\", sung continuously in the background.\nMadness – \"Our House\" – \"Our house in the middle of the street.\"\nThe Promise Ring – \"Why Did Ever We Meet\" – \"Why did we ever meet?\"\nBad Company – \"Rock 'n' Roll Fantasy\" – \"[Started] my rock 'n' roll fantasy.\"\nThey Might Be Giants – \"Don't Let's Start\" – \"Don't, don't, don't let's start.\" \nThe Promise Ring – \"All of My Everythings\" – \"Why did we ever part?\"\nMötley Crüe – \"Kickstart My Heart\" – \"Kickstart my rock 'n roll heart.\"\n\nFollowing the recording of the song's demo (which contains none of these songs, but rather a repetition of \"Fast action/Come on, come on, come on/Fast action/So what'cha here for\"), the band felt that it needed some additional work in the chorus section. They sent the recording to The Promise Ring's Davey von Bohlen, a friend of the band, and asked him to \"Sing [us] something that [we] know\". During live performances, Tom Linton sings the repeated \"Crimson and Clover\" line, while Jim Adkins sings the lyrics from the other six songs.\n\nTrack listing\nThe Middle/A Praise Chorus AUS Tour EP\n\"The Middle\"\n\"A Praise Chorus\"\n\"Bleed American\" (live from the 9:30 Club, Washington DC 6/4/02)\n\"Firestarter\" (non-album) (The Prodigy cover)\n\"The Middle\" (acoustic)\n\nPromotional compact disc\n\"A Praise Chorus\"\n\"Authority Song\" (demo version)\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nJimmy Eat World songs\n2001 singles\n2001 songs\nSongs written by Tommy James\nDreamWorks Records singles" ]

[ "Lenny Bruce", "Obscenity arrests" ]

[ "The Buffalo Nine was a group of nine Vietnam War protesters arrested together on August 19, 1968, at the Unitarian Universalist Church in Buffalo, New York.\n\nBackground \n\nDuring the Vietnam War there was a rise in draft resistance as a political statement. A group of students, primarily associated with the University at Buffalo, had been active against the draft and the war. When they and supporters sought sanctuary in the Unitarian church on Elmwood Avenue, U.S. Marshals, FBI agents, and Buffalo Police surrounded the church. The minister, Dr. Paul Carnes, was out of the country in Romania during this time. Eventually, the lawmen \"stormed\" the church. When the group of lawmen entered the church, they used blackjacks to \"clear the aisle\". Bruce Beyer, a leader of the Buffalo Draft Resistance Union, was arrested, as were seven others, on charges including draft evasion and assaulting an officer. Others arrested included prominent campus radicals Carl Kronberg and Jerry Gross. A later investigation led them to arrest Students for a Democratic Society organizer Bill Yates.\n\nTrials \nThe first federal trial began in February, 1969. Around 150 University of Buffalo students and faculty picketed the U.S. Courthouse, chanting \"Free the Nine - The Trial's a Crime.\" The defendants and their lawyers used the trial as an organizing tool. Beyer, Gross, and Kronberg and the other defendants informed the court that it was necessary to resist an \"immoral, illegal, racist, politically insane war on the Vietnamese people.\" The jury was unable to reach a verdict on several of the defendants but Bruce Beyer was convicted and received a three-year sentence.\n\nAt the second trial, Malak, Yates, and Berry angered the judge and others by raising their fists in power salutes when introduced to the court, guaranteeing a contentious atmosphere. Malak and Yates drew contempt of court citations for refusing to stand as the judge left for a recess. In the end, Berry and Kronberg were acquitted, but Malak and Yates were convicted. The jury was unable to arrive at a verdict on Jerry Gross and the government decided to drop his case. Malak and Yates were sentenced to three years' imprisonment.\n\nReaction \nThe series of trials occupied the attention of the university and city. The Buffalo Nine Defense Committee was formed, publishing its own newsletter, Liberated Community News, out of the Urban Action offices, publishers of \"The Buffalo Broadside\" newsletter, as well as a printing facility for various student newspapers. In October 1968 this office was raided by Buffalo Police, based on an accusation that a foot patrolman had been threatened with violence, an action that drew protest from the Buffalo ACLU over police use of violence. During that raid six men were arrested, three on the street corner and three inside the offices, and charged with various misdemeanors, all of which were later dropped or reduced to disorderly conduct. Of those arrested only Kronberg had any relationship to the Buffalo Nine.\n\nA symposium in September 1968 to discuss the case drew prominent New York City intellectuals such as Susan Sontag.\n\nWhen Beyer was convicted the UB campus erupted into violent protests. Hundreds of students stormed the campus and set fire to buildings that housed a US Navy research project. Others entered Hayes Hall and climbed to the top of its bell tower, ringing its bells continuously to be heard across campus.\n\nThe nine \n Bruce Cline, organizer, Buffalo Draft Resistance Union\n Ray Malak, Chairman of the Research Action Committee of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), Vietnam veteran\n Thomas O'Connell, Vietnam veteran\n Bruce Beyer, organizer, Buffalo Draft Resistance Union\n James McGlynn, Vietnam veteran\n William Berry, organizer, Buffalo Draft Resistance Union\n Carl Kronberg, organizer, Peace and Freedom Party\n Jerry Gross, Chairman of Youth Against War and Fascism (YAWF) and Martin Sostre Defense Committee\n William Yates, Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)\n\n\"What started out as a peaceful, non-violent demonstration against the war and the Selective Service System, ended in a violent fist-swinging melee. I maintain to this day that this was precisely what the government had in mind when it sent thirty-two police officers to arrest two draft resisters ...\" (Bruce Beyer)\n\nAn article appeared in the Magazine Section of the Buffalo Evening News, December 18, 1988, with extensive detail about the case and also covering the 20-year reunion, in Buffalo, of some of the defendants.\n\nSee also\n List of peace activists\n\nReferences \n\n The Vietnam War, Protest, and Liberal Academia: The Buffalo Nine, Published by Sarah Handley-Cousins on August 27, 2017\n\nExternal links \n Buffalo Nine Pamphlet Cover \n Gross, Malek, Kronberg, Beyer \n Gross and Buffalo Police \n Buffalo Police Invade UB Campus \n William Berry \n 20-Year B9 Reunion Statement \n The Political Declaration of the Buffalo Nine: Non-Cooperation with \"Our\" Government \n YouTube interview with Bruce Beyer part 1\n YouTube interview with Bruce Beyer part 2\n YouTube interview with Bruce Beyer part 3\n YouTube interview with Bruce Beyer part 4\n Canadian film company's interview with Bruce Beyer \n Bruce Beyer's Return to USA \n The Buffalonian, an article by Promoting the. Decline of the Rising State: Documents of Resistance and Renewal from the Alternative Community: Buffalo, 1965-76 by Elwin H. Powell (Reprinted from Catalyst,1977) \n\nActivists from Buffalo, New York\nAmerican prisoners and detainees\nHistory of Buffalo, New York\nOpposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War", "The 1892 Rangitikei by-election was a by-election held during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the Rangitikei electorate of the North Island. This was the fifth by-election since the Rangitikei electorate was established for the 1861 election. The previous by-election took place in 1880 and the following one took place in 1909. Robert Bruce, who had previously been the MP for Rangitikei between 1884 and 1890, won the by-election narrowly.\n\nThis was the last election in Rangitikei and the fifth last election overall in New Zealand in which there was no universal suffrage. The Electoral Act 1893 extended voting rights to all women aged 21 and over.\n\nBackground\nRobert Bruce, an independent, had previously been the MP for Rangitikei between 1884 and 1890. In 1890 he contested the election for the Waitotara electorate in South Taranaki, but was beaten by incumbent George Hutchison. The Rangitikei electorate, meanwhile, was won by Douglas Hastings Macarthur, but Macarthur died on 24 May 1892. Macarthur's death resulted in a by-election which took place on 8 July 1892.\n\nThe two candidates for this by-election were Robert Bruce, a previous MP and conservationist, and John Stevens, also a previous MP for Rangitikei between 1881 and 1884. Bruce was a candidate for the opposition and Stevens was an Independent Liberal as the Liberal Party was reluctant to endorse him in light of the recent Bruce by-election in which the candidate the Liberal Party endorsed lost by a large margin. Furthermore, the result was regarded as \"a foregone conclusion in favour of Mr Bruce\".\n\nResults\n\nThe by-election was much closer than what was expected as Bruce won by 61 votes, a margin of less than 3%. After the election results were announced at the Club Hotel in Marton both candidates gave speeches and enjoyed a whisky together.\n\nBruce would never go on to win another election, as he temporarily retired in 1893 and lost to Stevens in the Manawatu electorate in both 1896 and 1899.\n\nSee also\nList of New Zealand by-elections\nRangitikei by-election (disambiguation), other by-elections for the Rangitikei electorate\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nRangitikei 1892\n1892 elections in New Zealand\nPolitics of Rangitikei" ]

[ "Lenny Bruce", "Obscenity arrests", "What was Bruce arrested for?", "On October 4, 1961, Bruce was arrested for obscenity at the Jazz Workshop in San Francisco;" ]

[ "A Get Out of Jail Free card is an element of the board game Monopoly which has become a popular metaphor for something that will get one out of an undesired situation.\n\nUse in the game\nThe original U.S. version of the board game Monopoly has two Get Out of Jail Free cards, with distinctive artwork. One, a \"Community Chest\" card, depicts a winged version of the game's mascot, Mr. Monopoly, in his tuxedo as he flies out of an open birdcage. The other, a \"Chance\" card, shows him booted out of a prison cell in a striped convict uniform. More modern versions of the game have more simply illustrated cards with a set of four jail bars, with the middle two bent outwards, implying a prison escape.\n\nPlayers move around the Monopoly board according to dice throws. Most of the tiles players land on are properties that can be bought. There is also a tile, the Jail, that can hold players and cause them to lose their turn until certain conditions are met. They can end up in this space by landing on the \"Go to Jail\" tile, throwing three doubles in a row, or drawing a \"Go to Jail\" card from Community Chest or Chance. The Get Out of Jail Free card frees the player from jail to continue playing and progress around the board without paying a fee, then must be returned to the respective deck upon playing it.\n\nAs the card's text says, it can also be sold by the possessing player to another player for a price that is \"agreeable by both\".\n\nIn law\n In 1567, the prize in Britain's first lottery, commissioned by Queen Elizabeth I and Sir Frances Drake to raise funds for England's navy, included a kind of \"get out of jail free card\" which the winner could use to excuse any but the most serious crimes.\n In 1967, James Robert Ringrose, one of the FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives at the time, presented a Get Out of Jail Free card to FBI agents after he was arrested.\n In the U.S. Supreme Court case Hudson v. Michigan (2006), the Court ruled that use of evidence against a defendant obtained through search warrants in instances that the police failed to knock-and-announce does not violate the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution. The majority opinion by Justice Scalia notes that suppressing evidence in such instances would amount \"in many cases to a get-out-of-jail-free card.\"\n The Patrolmen's Benevolent Association of the City of New York, a large NYPD union, gives out cards to officers to distribute to friends and family, giving them preferential treatment for minor offenses. The cards are commonly referred to as \"get out of jail free\" cards, and are sometimes sold on eBay.\n\nSee also\n\nReferences\n\nEnglish phrases\nMonopoly (game)\nSlang", "Milan is a 1995 Indian Hindi action romance film directed by Mahesh Bhatt, starring Jackie Shroff and Manisha Koirala.\n\nPlot \nRaja (Jackie Shroff) is a small-time smuggler. His sweetheart, Priya (Manisha Koirala), does not approve of this, and convinces him to give up his smuggling activities, and turn the information over to the police. He does so, only to find that he has been framed for a murder he did not commit. When he decides to entrust himself to the justice of the courts, he is convicted of murder and sentenced to jail. In jail, he encounters more problems, and needs all his wits to stay alive. Back to Priya; Raja's former smuggling colleagues, including corrupt police officers, are openly harassing her, and no one seems to be able to look after her. Raja must get out of jail to find out who has framed him, and who is the king-pin behind the smuggling ring.\n\nCast\n\nMusic\nMusic was by Anand–Milind. Lyrics were by Sameer. \"Ek Baat Bataoon\" became very popular.\n \"Aanewali Hai Milan Ki\" Performed by Abhijeet Bhattacharya\n \"Aansu Judai Ke\" Performed by Pankaj Udhas, Sadhna Sargam\n \"Ek Baat Bataon\" Performed by Kumar Sanu, Sadhna Sargam\n \"Kahin Toh Milegi\" Performed by Abhijeet\n \"Aa Jaana Haseen Samaan\" Performed by Abhijeet, Kavita Krishnamurthy\n\nExternal links\n\n1995 films\n1990s Hindi-language films\nFilms scored by Anand–Milind\nIndian films\nFilms directed by Mahesh Bhatt\nIndian action drama films\nFilms with screenplays by Robin Bhatt\nIndian romantic action films\n1990s action drama films" ]

[ "Lenny Bruce", "Obscenity arrests", "What was Bruce arrested for?", "On October 4, 1961, Bruce was arrested for obscenity at the Jazz Workshop in San Francisco;", "Did he get jail time?", "Although the jury acquitted him, other law enforcement agencies began monitoring his appearances, resulting in frequent arrests under charges of obscenity." ]

[ "Clyde Pete Hall is a former player in the National Football League. He was drafted in the twelfth round of the 1960 NFL Draft by the New York Giants and later played with the team during the 1961 NFL season.\n\nPersonal life \nAfter football, Hall became a financial analyst. However, what Hall truly did was enter a life of crime, being arrested numerous times for possession of cocaine and general con artist schemes. He was arrested in 2010 for investment fraud after stealing more than four million dollars from investors, and his wife was arrested along with him for the scheme. He spent over a decade defrauding people. Hall had defrauded investors with fake letters from big banks, stole $80,000 from an ex-wife, and filed phony bankruptcy claims. For this crime, he was sentenced to 20 years in prison.\n\nHe was also arrested in the past for wire fraud and other offenses. Hall was released from prison into home confinement due to the pandemic, and while in home confinement he arranged for a cocaine deal with undercover agents and was arrested once again in his apartment in April of 2021.\n\nHall's son, Alexander, was sentenced to 15 years in prison in 2007 for shooting at and murdering a random passerby in anger after getting kicked out of a club for smoking.\n\nReferences\n\nPeople from Sharon, Pennsylvania\nNew York Giants players\nMarquette Golden Avalanche football players\n1939 births\nLiving people\nPlayers of American football from Pennsylvania", "Xie Shiguang (; June 1917 – 25 August 2005) was a bishop of People's Republic of China's underground Roman Catholic Church.\n\nCareer \nXie was ordained to the priesthood on May 3, 1949, and he became a bishop on January 25, 1984.\n\nArrests \nXie was arrested multiple times in China. The first arrest was in 1955, when he refused to enter the Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association. He was arrested again for the same reason in 1958, but he was sentenced to 15 years imprisonment. He was then arrested in 1984, released in 1987, and was arrested yet again in 1990.\n\nDeath \nXie died from leukemia on 25 August 2005 at the age of 88.\n\nHeritage \nA street has been named after him in 2021 in Budapest.\n\nSee also\n\nCatholicism in China\n\nReferences \n\n20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in China\n1917 births\n2005 deaths\n21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in China\nDeaths from leukemia" ]

[ "Lenny Bruce", "Obscenity arrests", "What was Bruce arrested for?", "On October 4, 1961, Bruce was arrested for obscenity at the Jazz Workshop in San Francisco;", "Did he get jail time?", "Although the jury acquitted him, other law enforcement agencies began monitoring his appearances, resulting in frequent arrests under charges of obscenity.", "What other times was he arrested?", "Bruce was arrested again in 1961, in Philadelphia, for drug possession" ]

[ "Harry Gene Levine (born April 1, 1945) is an American sociologist known for his research on alcohol and illicit drugs in American society. He is a professor of sociology at Queens College and the Graduate Center, CUNY. His work has included studies on marijuana arrests in New York City, which have found that such arrests are more common there than in any other city in the world, and that they were much more common from 1998 to 2007 than from 1988 to 1997. He has also found that over the 15 years leading up to 2011, far more of those arrested in New York City for marijuana possession were black (54%) than were Latino (33%) or white (12%). Levine's research has also found that during the period from 2002 to 2010, under the mayoralty of Michael Bloomberg, marijuana arrests by the NYPD increased significantly, and 87% of those arrested for marijuana were black or Hispanic.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nFaculty page\n\n1945 births\nLiving people\nBrandeis University alumni\nUniversity of California, Berkeley alumni\nQueens College, City University of New York faculty\nGraduate Center, CUNY faculty\nAmerican sociologists", "A mass arrest occurs when police apprehend large numbers of suspects at once. This sometimes occurs at protests. Some mass arrests are also used in an effort to combat gang activity. This is sometimes controversial, and lawsuits sometimes result. In police science, it is deemed to be good practice to plan for the identification of those arrested during mass arrests, since it is unlikely that the officers will remember everyone they arrested.\n\nHistorical examples\nThe Japan Farmers' Union and Japanese labor-farmer groups were hit by mass arrests in the 1920s. On April 16, 1929, several thousand members of the farmers' movement were arrested. Following World War II, mass arrests (over 120,000) of actual and suspected Quislings occurred in Norway. Totalitarian regimes have sometimes conducted mass arrests as a prelude to a purge of perceived political enemies, sometimes through executions.\n\nOn March 10, 2010 a mass crackdown was initiated to thwart a planned peaceful 'million march' to be conducted in a South Indian state capital of Hyderabad demanding formation of a new federal unit, more than 100,000 Telangana people were taken in to custody by a police force controlled by the coastal 'andhra' elites.\n\nThe 2010 G-20 Toronto summit was witness to the largest mass arrest in Canadian history.\n\nMass arrests of protesters in the United States\nIn December 1964, the University of California, Berkeley was disrupted by a mass student sit-in in the administration building and by mass arrests of 700 students.\n\nBeginning on May 3, 1971, three days into the 1971 May Day Protests - a series of large-scale civil disobedience actions in Washington, D.C. - massive arrest sweeps begin. In a few days over 12,000 are arrested - the largest mass arrest in U.S. history.\n\nFormer American President Jimmy Carter said in regards to the racial conflicts of the time, \"I would be opposed to mass arrest, and I would be opposed to preventive detention. But I think that the abuses in the past have in many cases exacerbated the disharmonies that brought about demonstrations, and I think that arrest or large numbers of people without warrants ... is a contrary to our best systems of justice.\"\n\nA famous mass arrest occurred on September 27, 2002, in Washington, DC in which several hundred anti-World Bank/International Monetary Fund protestors, journalists and bystanders were systematically arrested by police and charged with failure to obey a police order. A class action lawsuit against the government ensued. Pre-emptive mass arrests have also sometimes been criticized.\n\nOver 1,700 protesters were arrested during the 2004 Republican National Convention in New York City.\n\nOn October 1, 2011, more than 700 protesters with the Occupy Wall Street movement were arrested while attempting to march across the bridge on the roadway.\n\nOn January 28, 2012, more than 400 people were arrested at Oakland.\n\nDuring a seven-day span on Capitol Hill, from April 11 through April 18, 2016 police arrested approximately 1,240 people (300 arrests were made on April 18 alone) who were demonstrating for reforms to how Americans vote and campaign in elections.\n\nOn November 4, 2020, 646 protesters were arrested on Highway 94 in Minneapolis.\n\nWar crime \nIndiscriminate mass arrests were designated a war crime in 1944 by a commission on war crimes created by the London International Assembly. Thar was one of two items added by that Commission to the list of war crimes that had been drawn up by the Commission on the Responsibility of the Authors of the War and on Enforcement of Penalties in 1919. Specifically, \"indiscriminate mass arrests for the purpose of terrorizing the population\" were designated as war crimes by the commission.\n\nAt the Netherlands temporary court martial in 1947, several members of the tokkeitai in the Netherlands East Indies were accused of the war crime of indiscriminate mass arrests. The applicable legislation, used by the court, was the NEI Statute Book Decree #44 of 1946, whose definition of war crimes paralleled the commission's list. Specifically, item #34 of the enumerated list of war crimes under the NEI legislation was \"indiscriminate mass arrests for the purpose of terrorising the population, whether described as taking hostages or not\". The court understood the definition of such unlawful mass arrests to be as \"arrests of groups of persons firstly on the ground of wild rumours and suppositions, and secondly without definite facts and indications being present with regard to each person which would justify his arrest\". It added commentary on indiscriminate mass arrests that are for the purpose of terrorizing the populace by stating that they \"contained the elements of systematic terrorism for nobody, even the most innocent, was any longer certain of his liberty, and a person once arrested, even if absolutely innocent, could no longer be sure of health and life\".\n\nSee also\nArbitrary arrest and detention\nJanuary 2021 arrests of Hong Kong pro-democracy activists\n\nReferences\n\nCriminal justice\nCrowd control and riot control techniques\nPolitical repression" ]

[ "Lenny Bruce", "Obscenity arrests", "What was Bruce arrested for?", "On October 4, 1961, Bruce was arrested for obscenity at the Jazz Workshop in San Francisco;", "Did he get jail time?", "Although the jury acquitted him, other law enforcement agencies began monitoring his appearances, resulting in frequent arrests under charges of obscenity.", "What other times was he arrested?", "Bruce was arrested again in 1961, in Philadelphia, for drug possession", "Any other arrests?", "again in Los Angeles, two years later. The Los Angeles arrest took place in then-unincorporated West Hollywood, and the arresting officer was a young deputy" ]

[ "Missouri has two forms of expungement, one generally applicable to criminal cases and a unique one for the crime of being a minor in possession of alcohol. On July 13, 2016, governor Jay Nixon signed Senate Bill 588 into law, which expands the opportunities available for expungement of criminal convictions in Missouri. The new law went into effect January 1, 2018.\n\nOrdinary expungement \nIf certain requirements are met, Missouri law allows a person to have an arrest record expunged, which the law of Missouri defines as the process of legally destroying, obliterating or striking out records or information in files, computers and other depositories relating to criminal charges.\n\nA person is eligible for expungement in Missouri if the arrest was based on false information and the following conditions exist: \n\nThere is no probable cause to believe the person committed the offense;\nNo charges will be pursued as a result of the arrest;\nThe person has no prior or subsequent misdemeanor or felony convictions;\nThe person did not receive a suspended imposition of sentence for the offense; and\nNo civil action is pending relating to the arrest or records sought to be expunged.\n\nIf a person qualifies, in order to have the records expunged, they must file a verified petition for expungement in the civil division of the Circuit Court in the county of the arrest. The court sets a hearing on the matter no sooner than thirty days after the petition was filed. If the court finds that the petitioner is entitled to expungement of any record, it will enter an order directing expungement.\n\nRecords expunged under this provision still may be opened to law enforcement if the person is charged with a subsequent offense or if any of the requirements of expungement no longer are met.\n\nThe Missouri Expungement Law Senate Bill 588 \nWith the 2018 Missouri Expungement Law, a process has been created where around 1,900 eligible offenses can be sealed. Some individuals with misdemeanor convictions can file petitions after three years and those with felonies, after seven years. That waiting time used to be 10 and 20 years respectively. This law opens the door for thousands of offenders to petition the courts to seal or remove their records of arrests and convictions as of January 1, 2018. After a successful petition those with no other criminal record, will be able to honestly answer “no” to inquiries about whether they have a criminal record (Unless a specific employer is required by law to exclude certain applicants).\n\nFor individuals who are eligible to start their petition process they have to file them in the court where they were charged or found guilty of the crime (offenses, violations, infractions). The petition must include all names of municipal prosecuting attorneys, law enforcement agencies, courts, state repositories of criminal records – basically any entity that might possess records of the items they wish to have expunged. They must also list every offense they wish to have expunged.\n\nThe state will then have 30-days to file objections to the petition you have filed. If there is an objection the court must hold a hearing within 60-days, or 30-days if there is no objection. While the 3 and 7 year waiting period has been stated, the bill does not explicitly demand this, so there might be avenues open for an earlier expungement date. The individual will also have to show the court that their habits and personal conduct, since their release, make them a good candidate for expungement. This is the key element to the success of their petition.\n\nThe petition process can take as little as 120-days resulting in a removal of their criminal record from potential landlords, employers and financial institution immediately.\n\nMinor in possession of alcohol \n\nIn 2005, the Missouri General Assembly enacted a special new section in the state's Liquor Control Law allowing for the complete and total expungement for the offense of being a minor in possession of alcohol. Unlike ordinary expungement, the MIP expungement exists with the explicit legislative mandate that the effect of an order of expungement under it \"shall be to restore such person to the status occupied prior to such arrest, plea or conviction, as if such event had never happened.\"\n\nAfter not less than one year since the offense was disposed of, or upon reaching the age of twenty-one, whichever occurs first, a person who pleaded guilty to or was found guilty of the crime of minor in possession of alcohol for the first time, and who since such conviction has not been convicted of any other alcohol-related offense, may apply to the civil division of the circuit court of the county in which the person was sentenced for an order to expunge all official records of the arrest, plea, trial and conviction.\n\nThe person also must meet the following requirements:\nThe person has not been convicted of any other alcohol-related offense at the time of the application for expungement; and\nThe person has had no other contacts with law enforcement (i.e. arrest, charge) which were alcohol-related (such as for drunk driving or violation of the terms of a liquor license).\n\nIf a person has had an MIP record expunged this way, the law states they cannot \"be held thereafter under any provision of any law to be guilty of perjury or otherwise giving a false statement by reason of failure to recite or acknowledge such arrest, plea, trial, conviction or expungement in response to any inquiry made for any purpose whatsoever.\"\n\nA person is only entitled to one MIP expungement under this special provision.\n\nSee also \nExpungement in the United States\n\nReferences\n\nM\nMissouri law", "Ro4938581 is a nootropic drug invented in 2009 by a team working for Hoffmann-La Roche, which acts as a subtype-selective inverse agonist at the α5 subtype of the benzodiazepine binding site on the GABAA receptor. It has good selectivity for the α5 subtype and did not produce convulsant or anxiogenic effects in animal studies, making it a promising potential nootropic. Ro4938581 and a related derivative basmisanil (RG-1662, RO5186582) have subsequently been investigated for the alleviation of cognitive dysfunction in Down syndrome.\n\nSee also \n GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulator\n GABAA receptor § Ligands\n\nReferences \n\nImidazobenzodiazepines\nTriazolobenzodiazepines\nGABAA receptor negative allosteric modulators\nNootropics" ]

[ "Lenny Bruce", "Obscenity arrests", "What was Bruce arrested for?", "On October 4, 1961, Bruce was arrested for obscenity at the Jazz Workshop in San Francisco;", "Did he get jail time?", "Although the jury acquitted him, other law enforcement agencies began monitoring his appearances, resulting in frequent arrests under charges of obscenity.", "What other times was he arrested?", "Bruce was arrested again in 1961, in Philadelphia, for drug possession", "Any other arrests?", "again in Los Angeles, two years later. The Los Angeles arrest took place in then-unincorporated West Hollywood, and the arresting officer was a young deputy", "Did this arrest record have any negative effects for Bruce?", "Solomon later saw his conviction overturned; Bruce, who died before the decision, never had his conviction stricken." ]

[ "Hon. Saul Solomon QC (1875–1960), styled Mr Justice Solomon, was a judge in the Supreme Court of South Africa.\n\nBiography\nSolomon was born in Sea Point, Cape Town, on 9 April 1875. His mother was Georgiana Solomon who was a teacher and later a suffragette. His father was Saul Solomon, the influential liberal politician of the Cape Colony. Saul Solomon was educated at Bedford School and at Lincoln College, Oxford, where he was a scholar. His sister Daisy Solomon was also a suffragette, and 'posted' as a letter to the British Prime Minister at 10 Downing Street in 1909.\n\nSolomon was called to the Bar by Lincoln's Inn, in 1900, appointed as King's Counsel, in 1919, and as a judge in the Supreme Court of South Africa, between 1927 and 1945.\n\nMr Justice Solomon died in St James, Cape Town, on 10 December 1960.\n\nReferences\n\nPeople educated at Bedford School\nAlumni of Lincoln College, Oxford\nQueen's Counsel 1901–2000\nMembers of Lincoln's Inn\nEnglish barristers\nSouth African Jews\nSouth African judges\nPeople from Cape Town\n1875 births\n1960 deaths\nSouth African Queen's Counsel", "'Are'are was a single-member constituency of the Governing Council and Legislative Assembly of the Solomon Islands. Created in 1973 when the Governing Council was expanded from 17 to 24 seats, it was located on the island of Malaita. In the 1973 elections the seat was won by David Kausimae, who had been elected in the South Central Malaita constituency in the 1970 elections, defeating Peter Kenilorea. It was abolished in 1976 and succeeded by East 'Are'are (which was won by Kenilorea, who went on to be appointed the Islands' first Chief Minister) and West 'Are'are (in which Kausimae was elected).\n\nList of MPs\n\nElection results\n\n1973\n\nReferences\n\nGoverning Council of the Solomon Islands constituencies\nLegislative Assembly of the Solomon Islands constituencies\n1973 establishments in the Solomon Islands\nConstituencies established in 1973\n1976 disestablishments in the Solomon Islands\nConstituencies disestablished in 1976" ]

[ "Lenny Bruce", "Obscenity arrests", "What was Bruce arrested for?", "On October 4, 1961, Bruce was arrested for obscenity at the Jazz Workshop in San Francisco;", "Did he get jail time?", "Although the jury acquitted him, other law enforcement agencies began monitoring his appearances, resulting in frequent arrests under charges of obscenity.", "What other times was he arrested?", "Bruce was arrested again in 1961, in Philadelphia, for drug possession", "Any other arrests?", "again in Los Angeles, two years later. The Los Angeles arrest took place in then-unincorporated West Hollywood, and the arresting officer was a young deputy", "Did this arrest record have any negative effects for Bruce?", "Solomon later saw his conviction overturned; Bruce, who died before the decision, never had his conviction stricken.", "Who was Solomon?", "Bruce and club owner Howard Solomon were both found guilty of obscenity on November 4, 1964." ]

[ "In the United States, distribution of \"obscene, lewd, lascivious, or filthy\" materials is a federal crime. The determination of what is \"obscene, lewd, lascivious, or filthy\" is up to a jury in a trial, which must apply the Miller test; however, due to the prominence of pornography in most communities most pornographic materials are not considered \"patently offensive\" in the Miller test.\n\nIn 1967, Denmark decriminalized pornography with few adverse effects, and the following year, the United States Supreme Court held that people could view whatever they wished in the privacy of their own homes. These two developments contributed in part to Congress creating the President's Commission on Obscenity and Pornography in 1968 to investigate the effects of obscenity and pornography on the people of the United States. Each member of the Commission was appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson. In what became the most detailed and comprehensive investigation into pornography to date, the Commission in its final report found that pornography could not be shown to do harm to individuals or to society, and recommended the repeal of obscenity and pornography legislation as it related to adults. Released during the presidency of Richard Nixon, the report generated a brief bout of controversy but was ultimately ignored by the administration.\n\nAttorney General for Ronald Reagan Edwin Meese also courted controversy when he appointed the \"Meese Commission\" to investigate pornography in the United States; their report, released in July 1986, was highly critical of pornography and itself became a target of widespread criticism. That year, Meese Commission chairman Alan Sears sent letters on Commission letterhead to the heads of 23 convenience store chains and other companies, declaring that the Commission would find that they were distributors of pornography and threatening that they would be listed as such in the final Report. In fact, the list of purported distributors had been identified by Donald Wildmon, the head of the conservative Christian advocacy organization that later became the American Family Association. The letters triggered several companies to remove common soft-core pornography magazines as Playboy and Penthouse from store shelves. The American Booksellers Association, the Council for Periodical Distributors Associations, the Magazine Publishers of America, and the publishers of Playboy and Penthouse sued, arguing that the letters constituted prior restraint and were forbidden under the First Amendment. The U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia agreed, leading it to admonish the Commission order it to withdraw the letter, and forbid it to issue any list of retailers in the report.\n\nIn the United States in 2005, George W. Bush's Attorney General Alberto Gonzales made obscenity and pornography a top prosecutorial priority of the Department of Justice.\n\nThe conservative religious organization Concerned Women for America polled every U.S. attorney's office to find out what they planned to do about obscenity. Except for a handful of offices that didn't return calls, not one said it had any inclination to pursue anything other than child obscenity cases.\n\nSee also\nMiller v. California\n\nReferences\n\nUnited States, law\nObscenity law\nAnti-pornography movements\nUnited States pornography law", "United States obscenity law deals with the regulation or suppression of what is considered obscenity. In the United States, discussion of obscenity typically relates to pornography, as well as issues of freedom of speech and of the press, otherwise protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. Issues of obscenity arise at federal and state levels. The States have a direct interest in public morality and have responsibility in relation to criminal law matters, including the punishment for the production and sale of obscene materials. State laws operate only within the jurisdiction of each state, and there are wide differences in such laws. The federal government is involved in the issue indirectly, by making it an offense to distribute obscene pornographic material depicting children through the post, to broadcast them, as well as in relation to importation of such materials.\n\nMost obscenity cases in the United States in the past century have revolved around images and films, but there have also been many cases that dealt with textual works as well, a notable case being that of the 18th century novel Fanny Hill. Because censorship laws enacted to combat obscenity restrict the freedom of expression, crafting a legal definition of obscenity presents a civil liberties issue.\n\nLegal issues and definitions\n\nThe sale and distribution of obscene materials had been prohibited in most American states since the early 19th century, and by federal law since 1873. Adoption of obscenity laws in the United States at the federal level in 1873 was largely due to the efforts of Anthony Comstock, who created and led the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice. Comstock's intense efforts led to the passage of an anti-obscenity statute known as the Comstock Act which made it a crime to distribute \"obscene\" material through the post. It also prohibited the use of the mail for distribution of birth control devices and information. Comstock was appointed postal inspector to enforce the new law. Twenty-four states passed similar prohibitions on materials distributed within the states. The law criminalized not only sexually explicit material, but also material dealing with birth control and abortion. However, the legislation did not define \"obscenity\", which was left to the courts to determine on a case by case basis.\n\nIn the United States, the suppression or limitation of what is defined as obscenity raises issues of rights to freedom of speech and of the press protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. The Supreme Court has ruled that obscenity is not protected by the First Amendment, but that the courts still need to determine whether material in question in each case is obscene.\n\nLegally, a distinction is made between socially permitted material and discussions that the public can access on the one hand and obscenity, access to which should be denied, on the other. There does exist a classification of those acceptable materials and discussions that the public should be allowed to engage in, and the access to that same permitted material—which in the areas of sexual materials ranges between the permitted areas of erotic art (which usually includes \"classic nude forms\" such as Michelangelo's David statue) and the generally less respected commercial pornography. The legal distinction between artistic nudity and permitted commercial pornography (which includes sexual penetration) deemed \"protected forms of speech\", versus \"obscene acts\", which are illegal acts and separate from those permitted areas, is usually predicated on cultural factors. However, no such specific objective distinction exists outside of legal decisions in federal court cases where a specific action is deemed to fit the classification of obscene and thus illegal. The difference between erotic art and (protected) commercial pornography, vs. that which is legally obscene (and thus not covered by 1st Amendment protection), appears to be subject to decisions within local US federal districts and contemporary moral standards.\n\nFederal obscenity law in the U.S. is unusual in that there is no uniform national standard, and there is an explicit legal precedent (the Miller test, below) that allows that something which is legally obscene in one jurisdiction may not be in another. In effect, the First Amendment protections of free speech vary by location within the U.S., and over time. With the advent of Internet distribution of potentially obscene material, this question of jurisdiction and community standards has created significant controversy in the legal community. (See United States v. Thomas, 74 F.3d 701 (6th Cir. 1996))\n\nEven at the federal level, there does not exist a specific listing of which exact acts are to be classified as obscene outside of the legally determined court cases. Title 18, chapter 71 of the USC deals with obscenity, the workings out of the law described in this article, most notably the aforementioned Miller test.\n\nThe Citizen's Guide To U.S. Federal Law On Obscenity lists several relevant statutes in regards to obscenity and its qualifications.\n\nDefinition of obscenity\nAlthough lower courts in the U.S. had used the Hicklin standard sporadically since 1868, it was not until 1879, when prominent federal judge Samuel Blatchford upheld the obscenity conviction of D. M. Bennett using the Hicklin test, that the constitutionality of the Comstock Law became firmly established.\n\nIn Rosen v. United States (1896), the Supreme Court adopted the same obscenity standard as had been articulated in a famous British case, Regina v. Hicklin, [1868] L. R. 3 Q. B. 360. The Hicklin test defined material as obscene if it tended \"to deprave or corrupt those whose minds are open to such immoral influences, and into whose hands a publication of this sort may fall.\"\n\nIn the mid-1950s, the Supreme Court ruled in Roth v. United States, that the Hicklin test was inappropriate. Instead, the new Roth test for obscenity was:\n\nIn 1964, in Jacobellis v. Ohio, Justice Potter Stewart in applying the Roth test pointed out that \"community standards\" applicable to an obscenity are national, not local standards. He found that the material in question is \"utterly without redeeming social importance\". In attempting to classify what material constituted exactly \"what is obscene,\" he famously wrote, \"I shall not today attempt further to define the kinds of material I understand to be embraced ... [b]ut I know it when I see it ...\" In Memoirs v. Massachusetts (1966) (dealing with the banning of the book Fanny Hill) the Court applied the Roth-Jacobellis test to determine that though the other aspects of the test were clear, the censor could not prove that Fanny Hill had no redeeming social value.\n\nIn 1973, the Supreme Court in Miller v. California established the three-tiered Miller test to determine what was obscene (and thus not protected) versus what was merely erotic and thus protected by the First Amendment. Delivering the opinion of the court, Chief Justice Warren Burger wrote:\n\nThe Miller Test is the current U.S. judicial precedent for determining obscenity.\n\nPast standards \n\nThe following standards were once used by courts to determine obscenity. Each of them has been invalidated, overturned, or superseded by the Miller test.\n Wepplo test (1947): If material has a substantial tendency to deprave or corrupt its readers by inciting lascivious thoughts or arousing lustful desires. (People v. Wepplo, 78 Cal. App. 2d Supp. 959, 178 P.2d 853).\n Hicklin test (1868): the effect of isolated passages upon the most susceptible persons. (British common law, cited in Regina v. Hicklin, 1868. LR 3 QB 360 - overturned when Michigan tried to outlaw all printed matter that would 'corrupt the morals of youth' in Butler v. State of Michigan 352 U.S. 380 (1957)).\n\nUnder FCC rules and federal law, radio stations and over-the-air television channels cannot air obscene material at any time and cannot air indecent material between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m.: language or material that, in context, depicts or describes, in terms patently offensive as measured by contemporary community standards for the broadcast medium, sexual or excretory organs or activities.\n\nMany historically important works have been described as obscene or prosecuted under obscenity laws, including the works of Charles Baudelaire, Lenny Bruce, William S. Burroughs, Allen Ginsberg, James Joyce, D. H. Lawrence, Henry Miller, Samuel Beckett, and the Marquis de Sade.\n\nOther court cases on obscenity \n FCC v. Pacifica (1978) (external link) better known as the landmark \"seven dirty words\" case. In the decision, the Court found that only \"repetitive and frequent\" use of the words at a time or place when a minor could hear them could be punished.\nIn State v. Henry (1987), the Oregon Supreme Court ruled that the Oregon state law that criminalized obscenity was an unconstitutional restriction of free speech under the free speech provision of the Oregon Constitution, with the ruling making Oregon the \"first state in the nation to abolish the offense of obscenity.\"\nIn Reno v. ACLU (1997), the Supreme Court invalidated several indecency provisions in the 1996 Communications Decency Act applying to the Internet.\n\nApplication of test\nIn U.S. legal texts, the question of \"obscenity\" refers to the Miller test. As articulated in several sections of 18 USC Chapter 71, the Supreme Court has ruled that it is constitutional to legally limit the sale, transport for personal use or other transmission of obscenity. However, it has ruled unconstitutional the passing of law concerning personal possession of obscenity per se. Federal obscenity laws at present apply to inter-state and foreign obscenity issues such as distribution; intrastate issues are for the most part still governed by state law. \"Obscene articles ... are generally prohibited entry\" to the United States by U.S. Customs and Border Protection.\n\nAt present, there are only two legally protected areas of explicit commercial pornography. The first is \"mere nudity\". In Jenkins v. Georgia, 418 U.S. 153 (1974), the film Carnal Knowledge was deemed not to be obscene under the constitutional standards announced by Miller. As declared by the trial judge in Jenkins, \"The film shows occasional nudity, but nudity alone does not render material obscene under Miller's standards.\" This principle was upheld time and again in later cases, including Erznoznik v. City of Jacksonville FL, 422 U.S. 205 (1975), in which a Jacksonville city ordinance made it a punishable offense to show films containing nudity when the screen is visible from a public street or place. The law was determined to be invalid as it was an infringement of First Amendment rights of the movie producer and theater owners.\n\nThe second protected area is single male-to-female vaginal-only penetration that does NOT show the actual ejaculation of semen (sometimes referred to as \"soft-core\" pornography) wherein the sexual act and its fulfillment (orgasm) are merely implied to happen rather than explicitly shown. In June 2006, the federal government brought a case against JM Productions of Chatsworth, California in order to classify commercial pornography that specifically shows actual semen being ejaculated as obscene. The four films that were the subject of the case were entitled American Bukkake 13, Gag Factor 15, Gag Factor 18 and Filthy Things 6. The case also included charges of distribution of obscene material (a criminal act under 18 USC § 1465 - \"Transportation of obscene matters for sale or distribution\") against Five Star DVD for the extra-state commercial distribution of the JM Productions films in question. At trial, the Department of Justice decided not to pursue the JM obscenity case any further. The jury found that Five Star Video LC and Five Star Video Outlet LC were guilty of violating \"18 USC 1465 - Transportation of obscene matters for sale or distribution\" for having shipped JM Productions' film Gag Factor 18. However, the specific content that the jury deemed \"obscene\" was not stated.\n\nObscenity v. indecency\n\nThe differentiation between indecent and obscene material is a particularly difficult one, and a contentious First Amendment issue that has not fully been settled. Similarly, the level of offense (if any) generated by a profane word or phrase depends on region, context, and audience.\n\nNon image-based obscenity cases in the United States\n\nObscene texts\nWhile most of the obscenity cases in the United States in the past century have revolved around images and films, there have been many cases that dealt with textual works as well.\n\nThe classification of \"obscene\" and thus illegal for production and distribution has been judged on printed text-only stories starting with \"Dunlop v. U.S., 165 U.S. 486 (1897)\" which upheld a conviction for mailing and delivery of a newspaper called the 'Chicago Dispatch,' containing \"obscene, lewd, lascivious, and indecent materials\", which was later upheld in several cases. One of these was \"A Book Named \"John Cleland's Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure\" v. Attorney General of Com. of Massachusetts, 383 U.S. 413 (1966)\" wherein the book Fanny Hill, written by John Cleland c. 1760, was judged to be obscene in a proceeding that put the book itself on trial rather than its publisher. Another was \"Kaplan v. California, 413 U.S. 115 (1973)\" whereby the court most famously determined that \"Obscene material in book form is not entitled to any First Amendment protection merely because it has no pictorial content.\"\n\nHowever, the book was labeled \"erotica\" in the 1965 case (206 NE 2d 403) and there a division between erotica and obscenity was made—not all items with erotic content were automatically obscene. Further, the 1965 \"John Cleland's 'Memoirs'\" case added a further qualification for the proving of \"obscenity\"—the work in question had to inspire or exhibit \"prurient\" (that is, \"shameful or morbid\") interest.\n\nIn 1964, the U.S. Supreme Court, in Grove Press, Inc. v. Gerstein, cited Jacobellis v. Ohio (which was decided the same day) and overruled state court findings of obscenity against Henry Miller's Tropic of Cancer. A unauthorized \"Medusa\" edition of the novel was published in New York City in 1940 by Jacob Brussel; its title page claimed its place of publication to be Mexico. Brussel was eventually sent to prison for three years for the edition, a copy of which is in the Library of Congress.\n\nIn 2005, the U.S. Department of Justice formed the Obscenity Prosecution Task Force in a push to prosecute obscenity cases. Red Rose Stories (www.red-rose-stories.com, now defunct), a site dedicated to text-only fantasy stories, became one of many sites targeted by the FBI for shutdown. The government alleged that Red Rose Stories contained depictions of child rape. The publisher pleaded guilty.\n\nObscene devices\nMany U.S. states have had bans on the sale of sex toys, regulating them as obscene devices. For instance, the 1999 Law and Government of Alabama (Ala. Code. § 13A-12-200.1) made it \"unlawful to produce, distribute or otherwise sell sexual devices that are marketed primarily for the stimulation of human genital organs.\" Alabama claimed that these products were obscene, and that there was \"no fundamental right to purchase a product to use in pursuit of having an orgasm.\" The ACLU challenged the statute, which was overturned in 2002. A federal judge reinstated the law in 2004. The matter was appealed to the US Supreme Court, who in 2007 refused to hear the case, thus the decision of the lower court is enforceable within the state of Alabama. In 2007, a federal appeals court upheld Alabama's law prohibiting the sale of sex toys. The law, the Anti-Obscenity Enforcement Act of 1998, was also upheld by the Supreme Court of Alabama on September 11, 2009.\n\nBut other states have seen their sex toy bans ruled unconstitutional in the courts. In 2008 the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ruled a similar Texas statute violated the constitutional right to privacy that was recognized by the U.S. Supreme Court in the Lawrence v. Texas decision. That ruling leaves only Mississippi, Alabama, and Virginia with current bans on the sale of obscene devices. Alabama is the only state with a law specifically prohibiting the sale of sex toys.\n\nCriticism \nObscenity law has been criticized in the following areas::\n Federal law forbids obscenity in certain contexts (such as broadcast); however, the law does not define the term.\n The U.S. Supreme Court similarly has had difficulty defining the term. In Miller v. California, the court defers definition to two hypothetical entities, \"contemporary community standards\" and \"hypothetical reasonable persons\".\n The courts and the legislature have had similar problems defining the term.\n Arguments have been made that the term \"obscenity\" is not specifically defined by case law, and thus does not satisfy the Vagueness doctrine, which states that people must clearly be informed as to the prohibited behavior.\n Arguments have been made that determination of what is obscene (offensive) varies, and thus alleged violations of obscenity law are not actionable (actions require a right).\n Critics have argued that no actual injury occurs when a mere preference is violated, so alleged violations of obscenity law are not actionable (actions require an injury).\n Critics have argued that, given its unusual and problematic history, unclear meaning, and the poor reasoning offered by the majorities in Roth and Miller to explain or justify the doctrine, the Supreme Court was simply wrong on the issue and the doctrine should be wholly discarded.\n\nIn light of the recent en banc decision of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, as brought by Judge Lancaster in the original US vs. Extreme Associates case, only the US Supreme Court is allowed to revise its earlier decision that established the Miller decision.\n\nThe US Supreme Court refused to hear, effectively rejecting, such modification in August 2006 when the same en banc decision by the Third Circuit was sent to the US Supreme Court for review. Thus the open ended conflicting notes above remain in effect for obscenity prosecutions.\n\nPublic funding/public places \nCongress passed a law in 1990 that required such organizations such as the National Endowment of the Arts (NEA) and National Association of Artists' Organizations (NAAO) to abide by general decency standards for the \"diverse beliefs and values of the American public.\" in order to receive grant money.\n\nIn National Endowment for the Arts vs. Karen Finley, the Supreme Court upheld the law, noting that the conditions were acceptable in light of the conditions on funding, rather than being a direct regulation on speech.\n\nGovernment owned exhibition spaces are available under the Supreme Court's \"public forum\" doctrine. This doctrine explains that citizens within the United States have access to display in such public places such as lobbies of public buildings, theatrical productions, etc.\n\nEven with this law in place it is hard for artists who have addressed sexually explicit work in work because of complaints which are generally in the form of \"inappropriate for children\" or seen as a form of \"sexual harassment.\" Therefore, the arts works are removed and at times there are official \"no nudity\" policies that are put in place.\n\nWhen these decisions are taken to court on account of free expression, the venues are often looked at to see if they are an actual \"designated public forum.\" If they are, then public officials have violated the First Amendment rights of the individuals. The other side is if the court finds that there is \"no designated public forum\" in that venue, and thus government officials have the right to exclude and or censor the work.\n\nAdditional restrictions on sexual expression \n\nIn the Miller decision the use of the words \"contemporary community standards\" typically means that the law evolves along with social mores and norms. This has been shown throughout the expansion of the pornography industry along with commercial pornography by people such as amateurs and publishers of personal websites on the World Wide Web. Indirect government control such as restrictive zoning of adult video stores and nude dancing were put in place because general obscenity convictions were harder to come by, but First Amendment case law allows reasonable time, place, and manner restrictions. Similarly a set of rules was put in place in Indiana to control erotic dancing, where legal, so that all dancers must either wear \"pasties\" or \"g-strings\" as shown in the 1991 case of Barnes v. Glen Theatre.\n\nState laws \nThe laws on pornography are regulated by the state, meaning that there is not a national law for pornography. Many states have restrictions on buying books and magazines of pornography. Between 1995 and 2002, almost half of the states were considering bills to control internet pornography, and more than a quarter of states enacted such laws. In many states, other laws controlling access to pornography exist, such as exposing minors to indecent material. However, the federal courts, in American Bookseller's Association v. Hudnut, have struck down anti-pornography laws as unconstitutional on first-amendment basis, because the restrictions at issue were based on viewpoint, and the state could not demonstrate enough harm to successfully overcome the traditional first-amendment jurisprudence.\n\nCensorship in schools, universities, and libraries \nSchools, universities, and libraries receive government funds for many purposes, and some of these funds go to censorship of obscenity in these institutions. There are a few different ways in which this is done. One way is by not carrying pornographic or what the government deems obscene material in these places; another is for these places to purchase software that filters the internet activity on campus. An example is the federal Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA). This mandates that all schools and libraries receiving federal aid for internet connections install a \"technology protection measure\" (filter) on all computers, whether used by children or adults. There are some states that have passed laws mandating censorship in schools, universities, and libraries even if they are not receiving government aid that would fund censorship in these institutions. These include Arizona, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, South Carolina, and Tennessee. Twenty more states were considering such legislation in 2001–2002.\n\nChild pornography \n\nChild pornography refers to images or films (also known as child abuse images) and in some cases outside of the United States, writings depicting sexually explicit activities involving a child; as such, child pornography is a record of child sexual abuse. Abuse of the child occurs during the sexual acts which are recorded in the production of child pornography, and several professors of psychology state that memories of the abuse are maintained as long as visual records exist, are accessed, and are \"exploited perversely.\"\n\nChild pornography is widely considered extremely obscene; however, the Supreme Court case New York v Ferber established that such material does not have to be found legally obscene to be prohibited, and offences relating to child pornography are separate from obscenity.\n\nCensorship of film \nFilm censorship in the United States was recognized as constitutional without limits by the 1915 U.S. Supreme Court decision Mutual Film Corp. v. Industrial Commission of Ohio. This was overturned by the 1952 decision Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson, restricting regulation only to \"obscene\" films. The 1965 case Freedman v. Maryland ruled that prior restraint of film exhibition without a court order was unconstitutional, leading to the end of most state and local film censorship boards. Current laws which can be enforced after the fact are limited by the definition of \"obscene\" in the 1973 U.S. Supreme Court decision Miller v. California.\n\nThe voluntary Motion Picture Association film rating system was adopted in 1968, functioning mostly to prevent children of various ages from seeing certain films at participating theaters. This has sometimes lead to self-censorship of certain sexual content among participating filmmakers wishing to avoid an X, R, or PG-13 rating that would restrict the size of the potential audience.\n\nThe most notable films given an \"X\" rating were Deep Throat (1972) and The Devil in Miss Jones (1973). These films show explicit, non-simulated, penetrative sex that was presented as part of a reasonable plot with respectable production values. Some state authorities issued injunctions against such films to protect \"local community standards\"; in New York the print of Deep Throat was seized mid-run, and the film's exhibitors were found guilty of promoting obscenity. This Film Is Not Yet Rated is a 2006 film which discusses disparities the filmmaker sees in ratings and feedback: between Hollywood and independent films, between homosexual and heterosexual sexual situations, between male and female sexual depictions, and between violence and sexual content. They found that films have also been further censored than their heterosexual, male, white counterparts due to gay sex (even if implied), African American sex, or female pleasure as opposed to male pleasure.\n\nPossession of obscene material\nIn 1969, the Supreme Court held in Stanley v. Georgia that State laws making mere private possession of obscene material a crime are invalid, at least in the absence of an intention to sell, expose or circulate the material.\n\nSee also\n\n Censorship in the United States\n Indecent exposure in the United States\n Legality of pornography in the United States\n Anti-Obscenity Enforcement Act (Alabama)\n Texas obscenity statute\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n - Written on June 19, 2009; posted June 22 that year\n\nObscenity law\nSexuality and society\nCensorship in the United States" ]

[ "Lenny Bruce", "Obscenity arrests", "What was Bruce arrested for?", "On October 4, 1961, Bruce was arrested for obscenity at the Jazz Workshop in San Francisco;", "Did he get jail time?", "Although the jury acquitted him, other law enforcement agencies began monitoring his appearances, resulting in frequent arrests under charges of obscenity.", "What other times was he arrested?", "Bruce was arrested again in 1961, in Philadelphia, for drug possession", "Any other arrests?", "again in Los Angeles, two years later. The Los Angeles arrest took place in then-unincorporated West Hollywood, and the arresting officer was a young deputy", "Did this arrest record have any negative effects for Bruce?", "Solomon later saw his conviction overturned; Bruce, who died before the decision, never had his conviction stricken.", "Who was Solomon?", "Bruce and club owner Howard Solomon were both found guilty of obscenity on November 4, 1964.", "What is considered to be \"obscenity\" in these arrests?", "he had used the word cocksucker and riffed that \"to is a preposition, come is a verb\"," ]

[ "Section 294 of the Indian Penal Code lays down the punishment for obscene acts or words in public. The other sections of Indian Penal code which deal with obscenity are 292 and 293. The law does not clearly define what would constitute an obscene act, but it would enter the domain of the state only when it takes place in a public place to the annoyance of others. Temple art or nakedness of sadhus are traditionally outside the purview of this section.\n\nText\nWhoever, to the annoyance of others;\n(a) Does any obscene act in any public place, or\n(b) Sings, recites or utters any obscene song, ballad or words, in or near any public place,\nShall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine, or with both.\n\nCase law\nDismissing a complaint that Richard Gere had acted obscenely by kissing Shilpa Shetty in public, the Supreme Court of India had observed that in this issue 'no case was made out'.\nEven after this verdict, complaints have been filed in courts claiming that kissing in public constitutes an offense under this section. Kiss of Love Protesters were threatened with lawsuits under this section.\nThe Kerala High Court had observed that the performance of cabaret dance devoid of nudity and obscenity, judged according to the standards indicated was permissible, and was not in any way liable to be banned or prevented.\nQuashing a case against 13 men who were arrested for allegedly indulging in obscene acts with women in a flat, the Bombay High Court has said any such action done in a private place is not a criminal offence under the Indian Penal Code.\n\nNotes\n\nSections of the Indian Penal Code\nObscenity law", "Narratophilia is a sexual fetish in which words and stories are sexually arousing, usually by the telling of dirty and obscene words or stories to a partner. For some people, writings or words that are not outright obscene can have the same arousal effect. The term is also used for arousal by means of listening to obscene words and stories.\n\nReferences\n\nSexual fetishism" ]

[ "Lenny Bruce", "Obscenity arrests", "What was Bruce arrested for?", "On October 4, 1961, Bruce was arrested for obscenity at the Jazz Workshop in San Francisco;", "Did he get jail time?", "Although the jury acquitted him, other law enforcement agencies began monitoring his appearances, resulting in frequent arrests under charges of obscenity.", "What other times was he arrested?", "Bruce was arrested again in 1961, in Philadelphia, for drug possession", "Any other arrests?", "again in Los Angeles, two years later. The Los Angeles arrest took place in then-unincorporated West Hollywood, and the arresting officer was a young deputy", "Did this arrest record have any negative effects for Bruce?", "Solomon later saw his conviction overturned; Bruce, who died before the decision, never had his conviction stricken.", "Who was Solomon?", "Bruce and club owner Howard Solomon were both found guilty of obscenity on November 4, 1964.", "What is considered to be \"obscenity\" in these arrests?", "he had used the word cocksucker and riffed that \"to is a preposition, come is a verb\",", "Any other words that were considered to be \"obscene\"?", "The specification this time was that the comedian had used the word schmuck, an insulting Yiddish term that is an obscene term for penis." ]

[ "Section 294 of the Indian Penal Code lays down the punishment for obscene acts or words in public. The other sections of Indian Penal code which deal with obscenity are 292 and 293. The law does not clearly define what would constitute an obscene act, but it would enter the domain of the state only when it takes place in a public place to the annoyance of others. Temple art or nakedness of sadhus are traditionally outside the purview of this section.\n\nText\nWhoever, to the annoyance of others;\n(a) Does any obscene act in any public place, or\n(b) Sings, recites or utters any obscene song, ballad or words, in or near any public place,\nShall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine, or with both.\n\nCase law\nDismissing a complaint that Richard Gere had acted obscenely by kissing Shilpa Shetty in public, the Supreme Court of India had observed that in this issue 'no case was made out'.\nEven after this verdict, complaints have been filed in courts claiming that kissing in public constitutes an offense under this section. Kiss of Love Protesters were threatened with lawsuits under this section.\nThe Kerala High Court had observed that the performance of cabaret dance devoid of nudity and obscenity, judged according to the standards indicated was permissible, and was not in any way liable to be banned or prevented.\nQuashing a case against 13 men who were arrested for allegedly indulging in obscene acts with women in a flat, the Bombay High Court has said any such action done in a private place is not a criminal offence under the Indian Penal Code.\n\nNotes\n\nSections of the Indian Penal Code\nObscenity law", "is a 1972 Japanese film in Nikkatsu's Roman porno series, directed by Seiichirō Yamaguchi and starring Hidemi Hara, Mari Tanaka, and Sumiko Minami. The film was banned for obscenity, and director Yamaguchi arrested. The resulting trials were the last time that a film was prosecuted for obscenity in Japan.\n\nSynopsis\nKyōko is a woman with a promiscuous past who is sexually unsatisfied with her marriage. Her frustrations lead her to have hedonistic dreams, such as her mother and grandfather having sex together. Seeking to rejuvenate her marriage, she throws a wild party. The ploy is a success.\n\nCast\n Hidemi Hara: Kyōko\n Mari Tanaka: Hisako\n Gen Mitamura: Hideyuki\n Uju Ranko: Keiko\n Ryūji Ōizumi: Kazuo\n Sumiko Minami: Mother\n Akira Takahashi: Chef\n Akemi Yamaguchi: Jōji\n Juju: Jun\n\nBackground\nThe screenwriting credit, Kiyomi Kōyama, was a stage name for director Yamaguchi and prominent Roman Porno director Tatsumi Kumashiro. Sumiko Minami was a Nikkatsu veteran from the Nikkatsu Action days. Many of the studio's staff from this pre-Roman Porno era had left rather than make films in the softcore pink style that the studio had adopted in 1971. Minami was one of the few performers who remained, and audiences were given a shock to see this actress in previously conservative roles performing perverse scenes such as sex with her father in the dream sequence.\n\nReaction \nNo Japanese film had been prosecuted for obscenity since Tetsuji Takechi's Black Snow (1965), which ended up in a victory for the filmmaker. When Nikkatsu started its Roman Porno series in November 1971, it opened to critical and box-office success with the double-release Apartment Wife: Affair In the Afternoon and Castle Orgies. The interest of the authorities was also aroused, and with the release of Love Hunter in January 1972, they took action.\n\nThe Tokyo Metropolitan Police arrested director Yamaguchi as well as other Nikkatsu employees. Inspectors for Eirin, the Japanese film industry's self-monitoring organization, were also indicted for passing the film. All copies of the film, as well as the accompanying features, Katsuhiko Fujii's Office Lady Diary: Scent of a She-Cat and Kaoru Umezawa's independent pink film, Highschool Geisha were included in the raid.\n\nYamaguchi had been one of the Hachirō Guryū, the eight writers for Suzuki's Branded to Kill (1967). He took an adversarial approach to the prosecution, announcing publicly that he was being \"crucified\", and was \"nothing but a scapegoat\". His confrontational stance made him popular with the media, but Nikkatsu considered him a troublemaker. During the period leading up to the trial, Yamaguchi filmed a sequel to Love Hunter, Love Hunter: Desire (1973), a story about a stripper who is arrested for obscenity. Mari Tanaka, who had had a supporting role in the original film, was the star of the sequel. The obvious baiting of the authorities intended by the film only added to his trouble with the government and the studio. After starting work on a second sequel, Love Hunter: Lustful Murder, Nikkatsu fired Yamaguchi and had Masaru Konuma finish the project. Yamaguchi moved to Art Theatre Guild where he made one more film.\n\nThrough her involvement in Love Hunter, its sequel, and Warmth of Love (1972), which the police accused of obscenity three months later, but did not prosecute, actress Mari Tanaka became a favorite of anti-establishment organizations. Leading Nikkatsu filmmaker Tatsumi Kumashiro was inspired by the Love Hunter trial to direct several films with an anti-censorship theme. Among them were The World of Geisha, and Woods Are Wet (both 1973). Kumashiro's Woods Are Wet: Woman Hell would also run afoul of the police, when they shut it down on May 29, 1973, insisting that Eirin review it again.\n\nIn 1978 the Tokyo District Court declared that while the film contained obscenity, it was not, as a whole, obscene. The prosecution appealed the decision, and in July 1980 all of the accused were acquitted. The group of legal suits instigated by Love Hunter were, as of 2009, the last time that a film was prosecuted for obscenity in Japan.\n\nAvailability\nLove Hunter was released on DVD in Japan on December 21, 2007, as part of Geneon's tenth wave of Nikkatsu Roman porno series.\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n\nBibliography\n\nEnglish\n\nJapanese\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1972 films\nJapanese films\nJapanese-language films\nNikkatsu films\nNikkatsu Roman Porno" ]

[ "Lenny Bruce", "Obscenity arrests", "What was Bruce arrested for?", "On October 4, 1961, Bruce was arrested for obscenity at the Jazz Workshop in San Francisco;", "Did he get jail time?", "Although the jury acquitted him, other law enforcement agencies began monitoring his appearances, resulting in frequent arrests under charges of obscenity.", "What other times was he arrested?", "Bruce was arrested again in 1961, in Philadelphia, for drug possession", "Any other arrests?", "again in Los Angeles, two years later. The Los Angeles arrest took place in then-unincorporated West Hollywood, and the arresting officer was a young deputy", "Did this arrest record have any negative effects for Bruce?", "Solomon later saw his conviction overturned; Bruce, who died before the decision, never had his conviction stricken.", "Who was Solomon?", "Bruce and club owner Howard Solomon were both found guilty of obscenity on November 4, 1964.", "What is considered to be \"obscenity\" in these arrests?", "he had used the word cocksucker and riffed that \"to is a preposition, come is a verb\",", "Any other words that were considered to be \"obscene\"?", "The specification this time was that the comedian had used the word schmuck, an insulting Yiddish term that is an obscene term for penis.", "Were words the only reason he was arrested for \"obscenity\"?", "he played at Peter Cook's The Establishment club in London, and in April the next year he was barred from entering England by the Home Office as an \"undesirable alien\"." ]

[ "I Thought I Was an Alien is the debut studio album by French singer Soko, released in February 2012.\n\nRelease and promotion\nStereogum premiered I Thought I Was an Alien for online streaming on 13 February 2012. The album was issued to Belgian, British, Dutch, German, Italian, Irish, Luxembourgish, Polish and Swiss music stores on 17 February.\n\nTrack listing\n\"I Just Want to Make It New with You\" - 2:19\n\"I Thought I Was an Alien\" - 2:18\n\"People Always Look Better in the Sun\" - 2:18\n\"We Might Be Dead by Tomorrow\" - 2:41\n\"No More Home, No More Love...\" - 2:36\n\"For Marlon\" - 3:23\n\"First Love Never Die\" - 4:22\n\"Treat Your Woman Right\" - 4:19\n\"How Are You??\" - 3:46\n\"Don't You Touch Me\" - 3:23\n\"Destruction of the Disgusting Ugly Hate\" - 3:55\n\"Happy Hippie Birthday\" - 4:01\n\"I've Been Alone Too Long\" - 4:44\n\"Why Don't You Eat Me Now, You Can\" - 1:28\n\"You Have a Power on Me\" - 2:49\n\nChart positions\n\nReferences\n\n2012 debut albums\nBecause Music albums\nSoko (singer) albums", "How to be an Alien is a humorous book by George Mikes, illustrated by Nicolas Bentley and published in 1946. It was Mikes' second book and is the most famous of the 44 he wrote. It is a classic of British humour and by its 32nd impression in 1966 had sold over 300,000 copies. It pokes gentle fun at the English and their relationship with foreigners, \"alien\" meaning in this context any non-English person. The book is characterised by much humour, affection and a total lack of rancour or bitterness. Mikes, an immigrant from Hungary, demonstrated not only his knowledge of English society but an insight into the English language.\n\nSynopsis \nThe book is in two parts. The first part, \"How to be a General Alien\", deals with such important English topics as the weather, tea, how not to be clever (since it is considered bad manners), how to compromise, and queueing (according to Mikes, the national passion). The chapter entitled \"Sex\" is in its entirety as follows.\nContinental people have sex lives: the English have hot water bottles.\nThe second part, \"How to be a Particular Alien\", describes particular occupations from Bloomsbury intellectual to bus driver, finishing with how to be a naturalised citizen, which includes the eating of porridge for breakfast, and alleging that you like it.\n\nMikes subsequently wrote How to be Inimitable (1960) and How to be Decadent (1977). All three books were published in one volume in 1984 as How to be a Brit.\n\nAdaptations \nA television programme based on the book, How to Be an Alien, was broadcast in 1964, featuring Frank Muir and Denis Norden, with the voices of Ronnie Barker and June Whitfield. The book was adopted for English language teaching in the Penguin Readers series.\n\nEditions\n1946 First edition: André Deutsch (UK) hardback with illustrations by Nicolas Bentley\n1966 Penguin Books (paperback)\n1999 How to Be an Alien (Penguin ELT Simplified Readers: Level 3: Pre-Intermediate) (Paperback)\n\nOnline\n\nReferences\n\nBooks about England\nComedy books" ]

[ "Focus (band)", "1985-1999: Reunions" ]

[ "Aztec Camera were a Scottish pop/new wave band formed by Roddy Frame, the group's singer, songwriter, and only consistent member. Formed in 1980, Aztec Camera released a total of six albums: High Land, Hard Rain (1983), Knife (1984), Love (1987), Stray (1990), Dreamland (1993) and Frestonia (1995). The band garnered popular success for the songs \"Oblivious\", \"Somewhere in My Heart\" and \"Good Morning Britain\" (a duet with former Clash guitarist Mick Jones).\n\nHistory\n\nEarly years\nAztec Camera first appeared on a Glasgow cassette-only compilation of local unsigned bands on the Pungent Records label, affiliated with the Fumes fanzine run by Danny Easson and John Gilhooly.\n\nPostcard Records\nThe band's first United Kingdom (UK) single release was sold in a 7\" format by Postcard Records—a Glasgow-based independent record label cofounded by Edwyn Collins and Alan Horne—in 1981. The single featured the song \"Just Like Gold\" and a B-side entitled \"We Could Send Letters\"; an acoustic version of the latter song appeared on a compilation album, entitled C81, that was released on cassette in 1981 through a partnership between NME magazine and Rough Trade Records. Frame, aged 16 years, met Collins for the first time during the Postcard period when the latter was 21 years old.\n\nA second single, also released in 1981, featured the songs \"Mattress of Wire\" and \"Lost Outside The Tunnel\". Following the two 7\" releases with Postcard, the group signed with Rough Trade Records in the UK and Sire Records in the United States (US) for their debut album. At this point, the band was officially a quartet: Roddy Frame (vocals, guitar, harmonica), Bernie Clark (piano, organ), Campbell Owens (bass) and Dave Ruffy (drums, percussion).\n\nRough Trade\nAztec Camera's debut album, High Land, Hard Rain was produced by John Brand and Bernie Clarke for the Rough Trade record label. The album was released in April 1983 and was distributed in different formats on Domino Recording Co. Ltd. in the US (in addition to Sire); WEA and Celluloid in France; Nuevos Medios, Nuevos Medios in Spain; Powderworks in Australia; MVM Records in Portugal; and WEA for a general European release. The album was successful, garnering significant critical acclaim, and peaked at number 129 on the Billboard 200. Frame later revealed that the song \"Oblivious\" was consciously written as a Top of the Pops-type pop song and received a corresponding degree of popularity.\n\nDuring the recording process for the album, Frame used a different guitar for every song. For the song \"Orchid Girl\", Frame explained in 2013—during the 30th anniversary tour—that he was attempting to merge the influences of his favorite guitarist at the time, Wes Montgomery, and punk rock icon Joe Strummer. In a late 1990s television interview, Frame explained that a \"boy\" image was associated with him during this era, and that he was annoyed by it at the time, as he was taking his music very seriously—\"you don't want to be called 'boy'; especially when you're listening to Joy Division\"—but he eventually stopped caring about it.\n\nWEA\n\nKnife\nAfter High Land Hard Rain, Bernie Clarke left the band, and was replaced by Malcolm Ross on second guitar and backing vocals. Aztec Camera changed record labels once again for the release of their second album, Knife, which was released through WEA (Warner Music Group).\n\nFrame revealed in a May 2014 BBC radio interview that he was not informed of the ownership arrangements of the record deal, stating that he was unaware as an 18-year-old that the record company would own the rights to all of his corresponding recordings. After High Land, Hard Rain, Frame spent a significant amount of time living in New Orleans, United States (US), listening to Bob Dylan's album Infidels. Upon reading that Dire Straits' guitarist and singer Mark Knopfler produced the album, Frame began writing songs based on a sound that he thought Knopfler could work with.\n\nFrame signed the band to the WEA record label—at the time his manager was Rob Johnson—and secured Knopfler as the producer for Aztec Camera's second album, Knife, which was released in 1984; Frame explained in 1988 that Knopfler was \"professional\" and efficient during the recording process. Frame's experimental mindset in relation to music emerged on Knife, as the duration of the titular song is nearly nine minutes and synthesizers appear throughout the album. Prior to the album's release, the band previewed a selection of songs as part of a performance for the BBC television show Rock Around The Clock and the song \"All I Need is Everything\" received radio airplay subsequent to release. In a 2007 interview alongside Collins, Frame explained further:\n\nHe's [Knopfler] a great guitarist. Mark Knopfler's recording techniques were great—you [Collins] would have liked him, 'cos that was ... then, it was quite a thing. 'Cos everyone was going digital, and going MIDI and all that, and his thing was all about using the right microphone. If you use the right microphone, then you don't have to use too much EQ and all that stuff, and it was all about that. Yeah, I kinda liked that—the right mic[rophone], the right amp[lifier], the right kind of board and stuff.\n\nLove\nAt the time that the band's third album Love (1987) was created, Frame was the only original member of the band involved with the project; Love and future Aztec Camera albums were written and recorded by Frame under the \"Aztec Camera\" moniker, and session musicians recorded with Frame on a track-by-track basis.\n\nFrame explained in August 2014 that he contemplated the conception of Love during a three-year hiatus following the release of Knife. Frame said that he moved even further away from the British \"indie ethic\" and was listening to the \"pop end of hip hop\", including artists such as Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis, Cherrelle, the Force MDs and Alexander O'Neill. Frame wanted to make a record based on such influences and \"Working in a Goldmine\" was the first song to achieve this aspiration.\n\nFrame relocated to the US to record the album—\"pretty much against the wishes of Warner Brothers\", who were unsure of his decision-making at the time—and was primarily based in Boston, Massachusetts, and New York. Frame recorded with American session musicians, like Marcus Miller and David Franke, and explained that his audience was \"mystified\" by the transformation of the band, but he was \"too far gone\" to care and just wanted to do his \"own thing\" by that stage. Due to the significant change of musical direction, the album's first three singles did not make a strong impression in the marketplace.\n\nThe Love album produced the popular song \"Somewhere in My Heart\", recorded by Frame with dance, R&B and pop producer Michael Jonzun in Boston. Frame said in 2014 that the song has been \"great\" for him, but at the time of creating the album, the song was not \"in keeping\" with the rest of Love. Frame revealed in a radio interview with the \"Soho Social\" program, presented by Dan Gray, that he considered \"Somewhere in My Heart\" an odd song and initially thought it would be best as a B-side. Frame concluded, \"I can't pick them [the successful songs].\"\n\nFrame was asked during a television interview, following the release of Love, about the new sound of the album, and he referenced artists like Anita Baker and Luther Vandross. When asked if the album could be labelled \"Middle of the road (MOR)\", Frame replied: \"Call it what you like. I don't really mind.\"\n\nStray\n\nFor the band's fourth album, Stray, Frame collaborated with the Clash's Jones on the song \"Good Morning Britain\", and Jones also toured with the band following the album's release. Jones performed with Aztec Camera at the Glasgow Barrowlands and the Ibiza Festival in 1990.\n\nIn a 1990 interview, recorded during a tour of Japan, Frame explained that he wrote \"Good Morning Britain\" in 45 minutes after a two- to three-hour conversation with Jones in the canteen of a London rehearsal studio that both Big Audio Dynamite and Aztec Camera were using. In an August 2014 radio interview, Frame elaborated further, stating that at the time he wrote the song, Jones lived near his London home; Frame visited Jones after recording the song and said to the Clash guitarist, \"You'll either sing on it, or you'll want to sue me\", as Frame believed the song was so similar to Jones' previous work.\n\nDreamland\nFrame then recorded the next Aztec Camera album, Dreamland, with Japanese composer Ryuichi Sakamoto. Released in 1993, the album was mixed by Julian Mendelsohn, who had previously worked with the band. While mixing the album at Hook End Manor, an 18th-century red-brick building that had been converted into a studio in the Berkshire countryside of England, UK, Frame explained that he waited for a lengthy period of time to work with Sakamoto, due to the latter's busy schedule. Frame finally met with Sakamoto in Ibiza and both eventually recorded the album in New York City, US over a four-week period. Frame's interest in Sakamoto was elaborated upon in the same interview:\n\nI liked what he did when he was in the Yellow Magic Orchestra, and I also liked that album where he plays the music from Merry Christmas Mr Lawrence on piano. That's where you realise that the atmosphere around his compositions is actually in the writing – it's got nothing to do with synthesisers.\n\nFrame's decision to ask Sakamoto was finalised after he saw his performance at the Japan Festival that was held in London, UK. During the recording process, Frame's routine consisted of: working in the studio from the early afternoon until around 2am; a turkey sandwich at a deli off Times Square (\"because it was possible to get one at two in the morning, and for no other reason\"); a cab-ride back to the Mayflower Hotel, where he was staying; an hour of listening to Shabba Ranks; and then bed.\n\nFrestonia\nFor Frame's final album under the Aztec Camera moniker, and the last original studio recording for the WEA label, Frame worked with renowned production team Langer-Winstanley, who had previously worked with Madness and Elvis Costello. Frestonia was released in 1995 and the Reprise Records label issued it in the US. \"Sun\" (1996) was the only one song from the album that was released as a single. After the release of Frestonia, Frame finally decided to record under his own name and was no longer a Warner artist.\n\nPost-WEA\nThree Aztec Camera \"Best of\" compilations were eventually released: The Best of Aztec Camera was released in 1999 by Warner.ESP, a division of the Warner corporation that specialised in compilations; in 2005, Deep and Wide and Tall was released by the Warner Strategic Marketing United Kingdom label as part of the Warner Platinum series; and Walk Out To Winter: The Best of Aztec Camera, a two-disc collection that was released by the Music Club Deluxe label in 2011.\n\nSince the Stray Tour in 1990, Frame has merged a segment of the Bob Dylan song \"It's Alright Ma (I'm Only Bleeding)\" into \"Down The Dip\", from High Land, Hard Rain, and this version of the song was played by Frame at subsequent shows, up until October 2012. Around 2012, Frame included a segment of the Curtis Mayfield song \"People Get Ready\" in live solo versions of the song \"How Men Are\", from the Love album. In October 2013, a book entitled The Lyrics: Roddy Frame—containing the entirety of Frame's lyrical work with Aztec Camera—and a High Land, Hard Rain T-shirt were released as part of a \"Roddy Frame\" collection.\n\nReissues\nAll six Aztec Camera studio albums were reissued in August 2012 by the Edsel Records label, which had previously completed the same process for the studio albums of Everything But The Girl. The reissued editions included bonus tracks and live recordings. In a 1 August 2012 post on his Twitter profile, Frame explained that he was not involved with the Edsel Records reissue and was negotiating with a \"supercool US label about releasing the definitive set (w/ rarities, home demos etc.)\" in 2013. Domino Recording Company is the label that Frame referred to, but only High Land, Hard Rain was reissued, rather than the entire Aztec Camera catalog.\n\nIn August 2013, the Domino reissue of High Land, Hard Rain was released in Europe to commemorate the album's 30th anniversary. The reissue was remastered from the original analogue tapes and was physically produced only as a vinyl pressing, but was sold with a digital download of the album.\n\nDomino released an expanded second version of the 30th anniversary reissue of High Land, Hard Rain in 2014 for North America that consisted of two compact discs, 16 additional rarities and liner notes from American music journalist David Fricke (a vinyl version was also released and was sold with a digital download card that provided the additional songs). To accompany the North American version, AED (Analogue Enhanced Digital) Records—a label cofounded by Collins and James Endeacott, the latter a former employee of Rough Trade—also offered a 7\" EP to the first 400 buyers.\n\n30th anniversary of High Land, Hard Rain\nFollowing the August 2013 reissue of High Land, Hard Rain, Frame announced three corresponding live performances, at which the album was played in its entirety with a full band. The December 2013 shows occurred in London, Manchester and Glasgow, UK. To replicate the original recording process, Frame used the different guitars than he used for each song in the anniversary shows.\n\nOriginal Aztec Camera bassist Campbell Owens attended the Glasgow performance as an audience member—Frame later explained on the Clyde 2 radio station that Owens thanked him backstage after the show and the gesture made the experience worthwhile. At the Glasgow show, Frame and his band also played songs, such as \"Green Jacket Grey\", that were recorded for High Land, Hard Rain, but did not appear on the final track listing.\n\nWhen asked in April 2014 about reconnecting with a record that he wrote as a teenager while around the age of 50 years, Frame replied:\n\nThe songs that you write when you're young are just a part of you—they stay with you. The interesting thing was how far I kind of strayed from the original versions over the years—I mean acoustically and everything. So, coming back and stripping them down and trying to revisit them in a kind of honest, genuine fashion was actually—even for an old cynic like me—it turned to be a very moving thing ... It [30th anniversary tour] was a very moving experience. It was like we were all revisiting out teenage years together, and it was nostalgic, but in a nice, happy, positive way.\n\nFrame explained in May 2014 that the tour was arranged after he had reconnected with his former Aztec Camera manager, Johnson, who received a call from a prominent UK promoter who asked Frame if he was interested in the concept—Frame agreed to the tour at the time he was first asked.\n\nCauses\nOn 21 January 1985, alongside Orange Juice, The Woodentops and Everything But The Girl, Aztec Camera raised an estimated £18,000 for the striking miners of the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) through a fundraising event at the Brixton Academy—the year-long strike concluded six weeks later.\n\nFollowing the release of the Love album, the band was invited to perform at a benefit concert for the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) organisation in the late 1980s. Frame explained in a television interview prior to the concert that he was merely the entertainment and would not deliver any speeches.\n\nIn 1990, Aztec Camera contributed the song \"Do I Love You?\" to the Cole Porter tribute album Red Hot + Blue that was produced by the Red Hot Organization. The proceeds from the album benefited HIV/AIDS research.\n\nAwards and accolades\nThe band's album Love was among the nominations for \"Best British Album\" at the 1989 BRIT Awards. \"Somewhere in My Heart\", the second single from Love, was the band's biggest hit, reaching No. 3 on the UK Singles Chart. Following the release of the Stray album, \"Good Morning Britain\" was considered to be a comeback for Frame, as the preceding single \"The Crying Scene\" had only reached No. 70 in the UK.\n\nMusicians\nRoddy Frame – guitar, harmonica, vocals (1981–1995)\n\nBass\n Campbell Owens (1981–1985, 1990)\n Will Lee (1987)\n Paul Powell (1990–1993)\n Clare Kenny (1990–1993)\n Gary Tibbs (1993)\n Yolanda Charles (1995)\n\nGuitar\nCraig Gannon (1983–1984)\nMalcolm Ross (1984)\nGary Sanford (1987–1991)\n\nKeyboards\n Bernie Clarke (1981–1983)\n Miffy Smith (1982)\n Tony Mansfield (1983)\n Eddie Kulak (1984–1990)\n Rob Mounsey (1987)\n Gary Sanctuary (1990–1993)\n Mark Edwards (1995)\n\nDrums\n\n Dave Mulholland (1981)\n John Hendry (1982)\n Dave Ruffy (1983–1988)\n Dave Weckl (1987)\n Kevin Smith (1988)\n Frank Tontoh (1989–1990)\n David Palmer (1993)\n\nFrame changed the band's line-up numerous times over the course of its existence and, in a 1988 interview, Frame explained that the changes were underpinned by a desire to continually improve the quality of their music; however, he differentiated this desire from \"blind ambition\", whereby popular success is constantly sought after. Early members included Owens (bass) and Mulholland (drums). Gannon was a member from 1983 to 1984 before joining The Smiths, while guitarist Malcolm Ross (formerly of Josef K and Orange Juice) joined the band in 1984 and played on the Knife album.\n\nOther musicians\n Paul Carrack – keyboards (1990)\n Edwyn Collins – guitar, vocals (1990)\n Mick Jones – guitar, vocals (1990)\n Steve Sidelnyk – percussion (1990–1993)\n Ryūichi Sakamoto – keyboards (1993)\n Victor Bailey – bass (1993)\n Barry Finclair – violin (1993)\n Marcus Miller – bass (1987)\n Steve Gadd - drums (1987)\n Sylvia Mason-James – vocals (1993)\n Romero Lubambo – guitar (1993)\n Vivian Sessoms – vocals (1993)\n Naná Vasconcelos – percussion (1993)\n Sue Dench – strings (1995)\n Claudia Fontaine – vocals (1995)\n Leo Payne – strings (1995)\n Audrey Riley – strings (1995)\n Chris Tombling – strings (1995)\nGuy Fletcher of Dire Straits – Keyboards (1984)\n\nTouring band members\n\n1980–1982\nRoddy Frame – guitars, vocals\nCampbell Owens – bass guitar\nCraig Gannon – guitars\nJohn Hendry – drums\n\nPillar to Post Tour (1982–1983)\nRoddy Frame – guitars, vocals\nCampbell Owens – bass guitar\nDave Ruffy – drums\nCraig Gannon – guitars\nBernie Clark – keyboards\n\nLate 1983 tour\nRoddy Frame – guitars, vocals\nCampbell Owens – bass guitar\nDave Ruffy – drums\nMalcolm Ross – guitars\nBernie Clark – keyboards\n\nKnife Tour (1984–1985)\nRoddy Frame – guitars, vocals\nCampbell Owens – bass guitars\nDave Ruffy – drums\nMalcolm Ross – guitars\nEddie Kulak – keyboards\n\nLove Tour (1987–1988)\nRoddy Frame – guitars, vocals\nDave Ruffy – drums\nEddie Kulak – keyboards\nPaul Powell – bass guitar\nGary Sanford – guitars\nSteve Sidelnyk – percussion\nSylvia Mason-James – vocals\nVivian Sessoms – vocals\n\nStray Tour (1990)\nRoddy Frame – guitar, vocals\nEddie Kulak – keyboards\nGary Sanford – guitars\nClare Kenny – bass guitars\nFrank Tontoh – drums\nMick Jones – guitars, vocals (formerly of The Clash, Jones performed \"Good Morning Britain\" during the European tour)\nEdwyn Collins – guitars, vocals (formerly of Orange Juice, Collins performed \"Consolation Prize\" and \"I Threw It All Away\" on the European tour)\n\nDreamland Tour (1993)\nFull band tour\nRoddy Frame – guitars, vocals\nGary Sanford – guitars\nClare Kenny – bass guitar\nFrank Tontoh – drums\nSteve Sidelnyk – percussion\nMark Edwards – keyboards\n\nAcoustic tour\nRoddy Frame – guitars, vocals\nGary Sanctuary – keyboards\n\nFrestonia Tour (1995)\nRoddy Frame – guitars, vocals\nGary Sanford – guitars (early 1995 only)\nMark Edwards – keyboards\nYolande Charles – bass guitar\nJeremy Stacey – drums\n\nDiscography\n\n High Land, Hard Rain (1983)\n Knife (1984)\n Love (1987)\n Stray (1990)\n Dreamland (1993) \n Frestonia (1995)\n\nSee also\n List of new wave artists and bands\n List of Scottish musicians\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nOfficial website\nRoddy Frame on AED\n\"Killermont Street\" – a fan site for Roddy Frame and Aztec Camera\n\nScottish new wave musical groups\nMusical groups from Glasgow\nMusical groups established in 1981\nScottish pop music groups\nSophisti-pop musical groups\nSire Records artists\nWarner Records artists\nMusical groups disestablished in 1995\n1981 establishments in Scotland", "Deadheads for Obama is the name given to the February 4, 2008 reunion concert of three former members of the Grateful Dead at The Warfield in San Francisco. The show, performed one day before the Super Tuesday primary elections, was an act of support for Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama, and featured former Dead members Phil Lesh, Bob Weir, and Mickey Hart, as well as John Molo, Jackie Greene, Steve Molitz, Mark Karan and Barry Sless.\n\nThe show marked the first time Lesh, Weir and Hart had shared the stage since 2004, and was simulcast on the iClips Network.\n\nDeadheads for Obama is also a 350 member grassroots organization founded in February 2007 through Barack Obama's website; one year before the concert of the same namesake. This group collectively raised more than $150,000 for the Obama campaign.\n\nSetlist\nAfter a videotaped introduction by Barack Obama, the band played \"Playing in the Band\" into \"Brown-Eyed Women\", and continued the first set with other Grateful Dead staples \"Mississippi Half-Step Uptown Toodeloo\", \"New Minglewood Blues\", and a cover of \"Come Together\" by the Beatles.\n\nA short speech by Phil Lesh was followed by a four-song acoustic second set, featuring more classic Dead songs like \"Friend of the Devil\" and \"Deal\". Then the band plugged in again to play an extended third set, including New Orleans classic \"Iko Iko\" (in honor of Mardi Gras), and ending with a reprise of the opener, \"Playing in the Band\", and an encore of \"U.S. Blues\".\n\nThe complete setlist was:\n First set: \"Playing in the Band\", \"Brown-Eyed Women\", \"Mississippi Half-Step Uptown Toodeloo\", \"New Minglewood Blues\", \"Come Together\"\n Second set (acoustic): \"Deep Elem Blues\", \"Friend of the Devil\", \"Deal\", \"Ripple\"\n Third set: \"China Cat Sunflower\", \"The Wheel\", \"The Other One\", \"Sugaree\", \"Eyes of the World\", \"Throwing Stones\", \"Iko Iko\", \"Playing in the Band\" reprise\n Encore: \"U.S. Blues\"\n\nChange Rocks\nHart, Lesh, and Weir reunited again in support of the Obama presidential campaign, this time joined by Bill Kreutzmann, on October 13, 2008, in the Bryce Jordan Center at Penn State University, playing a concert called \"Change Rocks\". Warren Haynes provided guitar and vocal support for the reunion, and Jeff Chimenti played keyboards. The performance was preceded by a set of music by members of the Allman Brothers Band.\n\nThe set list was: \"Truckin'\", \"U.S. Blues\", \"Help on the Way\", \"Slipknot!\", \"Franklin's Tower\",\n\"Playing in the Band\", \"Dark Star\", \"St. Stephen\", \"Unbroken Chain\", \"The Other One\", \"Throwing Stones\", and \"Playing in the Band\" reprise, with an encore of \"Touch of Grey\" and \"Not Fade Away\"\n\nPresidential inauguration ball\nOn January 20, 2009, the Dead played at one of the 10 official balls for the Inauguration of President Barack Obama. Their sets were immediately followed by an appearance by President Barack Obama and the First Lady; Vice President Joe Biden and Dr. Jill Biden appeared during a setbreak.\n\nSee also\n\n Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2008\n List of Barack Obama presidential campaign endorsements, 2008\n Reunions of the Grateful Dead\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n \n Tanner, Adam. \"Grateful Dead, Deadheads reunite for Obama\", Reuters, February 5, 2008\n Franke-Ruta, Garance. \"Calif. Contest Leads to Battle of the Bands\", Washington Post, February 2, 2008\n Melber, Ari. \"Deadheads for Obama\", The Nation, February 2, 2008\n Selvin, Joel. \"Grateful Dead Bury Hatchet, Reunite for Obama\", San Francisco Chronicle, February 5, 2008\n Selvin, Joel. \"Grateful Dead Reunite for Barack Obama Benefit Show\", Rolling Stone, February 5, 2008\n Liberatore, Paul. \"How Grateful Dead Came Together Again for Obama Fundraiser\", Marin Independent Journal, February 7, 2008\n Simon, Richard B. \"Lesh Unites with Weir and Hart for Deadheads for Obama\", Relix, February 5, 2008\n \"Grateful Dead Reunite to Support Obama\", New Musical Express, February 5, 2008\n Smith, Dakota. \"Grateful Dead Reunite for Obama\", NewsQuake, February 5, 2008\n \"Deadheads for Obama\", Jambase.com, February 4, 2008\n Deadheads for Obama on iClips\n\nExternal links\n Deadheads for Obama download at JamRadio.org\n\n2008 in American music\n2008 in San Francisco\nBarack Obama 2008 presidential campaign\nConcerts in the United States\nCalifornia Democratic Party\nPolitical events in California\nFebruary 2008 events in the United States\nGrateful Dead\nMusic and politics\n2008 United States Democratic presidential primaries\n2008 United States presidential election in popular culture" ]

[ "Focus (band)", "1985-1999: Reunions", "Did the band reunite during this time frame?", "In 1990, the former line-up of van Leer, Akkerman, van der Linden, and Ruiter reunited for the first time since 1975." ]

[ "Anything Can Happen is a 1952 comedy-drama film.\n\nAnything Can Happen may also refer to:\n\n Anything Can Happen (album), by Leon Russell, 1994\n \"Anything Can Happen\", a 2019 song by Saint Jhn \n Edhuvum Nadakkum ('Anything Can Happen'), a season of the Tamil TV series Marmadesam\n \"Anything Can Happen in the Next Half Hour\", or \"Anything Can Happen\", a 2007 song by Enter Shikari\n Anything Can Happen in the Next Half Hour (EP), 2004\n\nSee also\n \"Anything Could Happen\", a 2012 song by Ellie Goulding \n Anything Might Happen, 1934 British crime film\n Special Effects: Anything Can Happen, a 1996 American documentary film\n \"Anything Can Happen on Halloween\", a song from the 1986 film The Worst Witch \n Anything Can Happen in the Theatre, a musical revue of works by Maury Yeston\n \"The Anything Can Happen Recurrence\", an episode of The Big Bang Theory (season 7)\n The Anupam Kher Show - Kucch Bhi Ho Sakta Hai ('The Anupam Kher Show — Anything Can Happen') an Indian TV show", "\"Anything Can Happen in the Next Half Hour...\" (often shortened to \"Anything Can Happen\") is the second physical single, and third overall, by Enter Shikari and the second single to be released from their debut album Take to the Skies. It was released on 18 February 2007 for digital download and on 5 March 2007 on both CD and 7\" vinyl. It is the band's highest charting single, charting at #27 in the UK single chart, and number 1 on the UK indie chart. There are two remixes of the song, Colon Open Bracket Remix and Grayedout Mix. Both are up for download on their official download store.\n\nTrack listing\n\n CD\n \"Anything Can Happen in the Next Half Hour...\" (Rou, Enter Shikari) - 4:40\n \"Kickin' Back on the Surface of Your Cheek\" (Rou, Enter Shikari) - 3:50\n \"Keep It on Ice\" (Rou) - 2:51\n\n 7\"\n\n \"Anything Can Happen in the Next Half Hour...\" (Rou, Enter Shikari) - 4:40\n \"Kickin' Back on the Surface of Your Cheek\" (Rou, Enter Shikari) - 3:50\n\nOriginal version\nIn the original version of the song, a sample is heard from the introduction of the popular 1960s TV series Stingray in which the character says \"Anything can happen in the next half hour\". This is, however, not heard in the re-recorded version.\n\nChart performance\n\nPersonnel\n\nEnter Shikari\nRoughton \"Rou\" Reynolds - vocals, electronics\nLiam \"Rory\" Clewlow - guitar\nChris Batten - bass, vocals\nRob Rolfe - drums\nProduction\nEnter Shikari - production\nJohn Mitchell - recording\nBen Humphreys - recording\nMartin Giles - mastering\nKeaton Henson - illustration, design\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Video - \"Anything Can Happen in the Next Half Hour...\" video.\n Original Video - Original video using the 2004 EP version of the song.\n Stingray Introduction - The phrase can be heard at 0:44\n\n2007 singles\nEnter Shikari songs\nSong articles missing an audio sample\n2007 songs" ]

[ "Focus (band)", "1985-1999: Reunions", "Did the band reunite during this time frame?", "In 1990, the former line-up of van Leer, Akkerman, van der Linden, and Ruiter reunited for the first time since 1975.", "Did anything particular happen during the reunion?", "The four played a 40-minute set at the Americahal in Apeldoorn on 20 April that was broadcast as part of the Oud van Goud television special." ]

[ "Ward v. Tesco Stores Ltd. [1976] 1 WLR 810, is an English tort law case concerning the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur (\"the thing speaks for itself\"). It deals with the law of negligence and it set an important precedent in so called \"trip and slip\" cases which are a common occurrence.\n\nFacts\nThe plaintiff slipped on some pink yoghurt in a Tesco store in Smithdown Road, Liverpool. It was not clear whether or not Tesco staff were to blame for the spillage. It could have been another customer, or the wind, or anything else. Spillages happened roughly 10 times a week and staff had standing orders to clean anything up straight away. As Lawton LJ observed in his judgment,\n\nThe trial judge had held in Mrs Ward's favour and she was awarded £137.50 in damages. Tesco appealed.\n\nJudgment\nIt was held by a majority (Lawton LJ and Megaw LJ) that even though it could not be said exactly what happened, the pink yoghurt being spilled spoke for itself as to who was to blame. Tesco was required to pay compensation. The plaintiff did not need to prove how long the spill had been there, because the burden of proof was on Tesco. Lawton LJ's judgment explained the previous case law, starting with Richards v. WF White & Co. [1957] 1 Lloyd's Rep.\n\nDissent\nOmrod LJ disagreed with Lawton LJ and Megaw LJ on the basis that Tesco did not seem to have been able to do anything to have prevented the accident. He argued that they did not fail to take reasonable care, and in his words, the accident \"could clearly have happened no matter what degree of care these defendants had taken.\"\n\nNotes\n\nEnglish tort case law\nEnglish occupier case law\nCourt of Appeal (England and Wales) cases\n1976 in case law\n1976 in British law\nTesco", "Äteritsiputeritsipuolilautatsijänkä is a bog region in Savukoski, Lapland in Finland. Its name is 35 letters long and is the longest place name in Finland, and also the third longest, if names with spaces or hyphens are included, in Europe. It has also been the longest official place name in the European Union since 31 January 2020, when Brexit was completed, as the record was previously held by Llanfair­pwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwll­llan­tysiliogogogoch, a village in Wales, United Kingdom.\n\nOverview\nA pub in Salla was named Äteritsiputeritsipuolilautatsi-baari after this bog region. According to an anecdote, the owner of the pub tried two different names for it, but both had already been taken. Frustrated, he registered the pub under a name he knew no one else would be using. The pub also had the longest name of a registered commercial establishment in Finland. The bar was in practice known as Äteritsi-baari. The pub was closed in April 2006.\n\nThe etymology is not known, although the name has been confirmed as genuine. Other than jänkä \"bog\", lauta \"board\" and puoli \"half\", it does not mean anything in Finnish, and was probably never intended to be anything else than alliterative gibberish.\n\nReferences \n\nSavukoski\nBogs of Finland\nLandforms of Lapland (Finland)" ]

[ "Focus (band)", "1985-1999: Reunions", "Did the band reunite during this time frame?", "In 1990, the former line-up of van Leer, Akkerman, van der Linden, and Ruiter reunited for the first time since 1975.", "Did anything particular happen during the reunion?", "The four played a 40-minute set at the Americahal in Apeldoorn on 20 April that was broadcast as part of the Oud van Goud television special.", "Was there anything else important happening?", "On 17 May the group, minus Akkerman, mimed a performance of \"House of the King\" on the Service Salon television program on AVRO-TV." ]

[ "Led Zeppelin were an English rock band who recorded 108 songs between 1968 and 1980. The band pioneered the concept of album-oriented rock and often refused to release popular songs as singles, instead viewing their albums as indivisible, complete listening experiences, and disliked record labels re-editing their songs for single releases.\n\nTheir self-titled debut album, Led Zeppelin, released in early 1969, contained songs that were influenced by the genres of blues, hard rock and heavy metal. Led Zeppelin II, released in October 1969, built upon their debut with a more direct, hard-hitting sound that has become a blueprint for heavy metal bands. Led Zeppelin III (1970) marked a musical growth for the band; half of its songs were hard rockers while the other half were built upon folk and acoustic music that gave it \"extra depth\". \"Immigrant Song\", released as a single, was backed by the band's only non-album single, \"Hey, Hey, What Can I Do\". Their untitled fourth album, commonly referred to as Led Zeppelin IV, was released in November 1971. Bringing together all the genres from their previous albums, the album contains some of the band's best-known songs, including \"Black Dog\", \"Rock and Roll\", \"Going to California\" and \"Stairway to Heaven\", referred to as one of the greatest rock songs of all time.\n\nThe band's following albums, Houses of the Holy (1973) and Physical Graffiti (1975), continued the band's musical growth. Houses of the Holy contained a wider range of musical styles, from the ballad \"The Rain Song\" to the funk-inspired \"The Crunge\", while Physical Graffiti was a double album that contained new songs as well as unreleased outtakes from previous albums. The album, like its predecessor, contained a variety of musical styles, including hard rock, funk, acoustic rock, blues, soft and progressive rock, and even country rock. Presence (1976) marked a departure from their previous albums by featuring more straightforward, guitar-driven songs with less emphasis on musical experimentation. In Through the Out Door (1979), a direct contrast to Presence, featured a keyboard-heavy sound that was dominated by Jones. The album would prove to be their last as a band, as after Bonham's death in September 1980, the remaining members decided to disband the group. Coda (1982) is a collection of outtakes from various sessions during the band's career.\n\nSince their breakup, 26 songs have seen official release. The Led Zeppelin Boxed Set (1990) saw the release of the band's cover of Robert Johnson's \"Travelling Riverside Blues\", the live medley \"White Summer/Black Mountain Side\", and the first album release of \"Hey, Hey, What Can I Do?\"; the second boxed set (1993) saw the release of \"Baby Come On Home\". New songs were also released on BBC Sessions (1997) and its remaster, The Complete BBC Sessions (2015), 2003's Led Zeppelin DVD and the live album How the West Was Won (2003). After the release of the concert film Celebration Day (2012), Page announced the remastering of the band's discography in the form of deluxe editions, which together included 13 previously unreleased songs, some of which were different mixes of previously released songs. The albums were released between 2014 and 2015.\n\nSongs\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography\n\nExternal links\n Led Zeppelin discography\n\n \nBritish music-related lists\nLed Zeppelin", "\"What You're Proposing\" is a single released by the British rock band Status Quo in 1980. It was included on their album Just Supposin'.\n\nThe B-side is \"A B Blues\", a non-album instrumental studio jam. Some later pressings of this single mis-credited Andy Bown as Andy Brown on the B-side composer's credit. The initial pressing run of 75,000 copies of this single were issued with a colour picture sleeve.\n\nThe song was reprised, in 2014, for the band's thirty-first studio album Aquostic (Stripped Bare). It was featured in the ninety-minute launch performance of the album at London's Roundhouse on 22 October, the concert being recorded and broadcast live by BBC Radio 2 as part of their In Concert series.\n\nTrack listing \n \"What You're Proposing\" (Rossi/Frost) (4.13)\n \"A B Blues\" (Rossi/Parfitt/Lancaster/Coghlan/Bown) (4.33)\n\nCharts\n\nReferences \n\nStatus Quo (band) songs\n1980 singles\nSongs written by Francis Rossi\n1980 songs\nVertigo Records singles" ]

[ "Focus (band)", "1985-1999: Reunions", "Did the band reunite during this time frame?", "In 1990, the former line-up of van Leer, Akkerman, van der Linden, and Ruiter reunited for the first time since 1975.", "Did anything particular happen during the reunion?", "The four played a 40-minute set at the Americahal in Apeldoorn on 20 April that was broadcast as part of the Oud van Goud television special.", "Was there anything else important happening?", "On 17 May the group, minus Akkerman, mimed a performance of \"House of the King\" on the Service Salon television program on AVRO-TV.", "What were some of their songs?", "Hocus Pocus" ]

[ "This is a list of songs recorded by Northern Irish rock band Therapy?.\n\nRare released songs \nThe following is a table of rare released songs meeting the following criteria:\n\n Songs on any official record release (record company or otherwise), and any collaborations by Therapy? with other artists, are included here, except for songs on the official 15 albums (Baby Teeth to Cleave), the 2 compilation albums (So Much for the Ten Year Plan and Music Through a Cheap Transistor), the 2 live albums (We're Here to the End and Communion: Live at the Union Chapel), or The Gemil Box.\n\n Songs provided on the official website for free download are not included here.\n Songs only released on bootlegs are not included here.\nThe columns Title, Released, Where and Notes list each song title, the year the song was released, on which release it can be found and any notes accompanying the song.\n\nOfficial website free MP3 downloads \n\nThe following is a table of Official Website Free MP3 Downloads meeting the following criteria;\n\n Songs released exclusively free via the official website (or mailing list) and unavailable elsewhere are included here.\n Songs on any official release are not included here.\nThe columns Title, Recorded, Source, MP3 kbit/s and Notes list each song title, the year the song was recorded, the audio source, the bit-rate of the download and any notes accompanying the song.\n\nRare unreleased songs \n\nThe following is a table of rare non-released songs meeting the following criteria:\n\n Noteworthy songs released on bootlegs are included here.\n Noteworthy songs not available yet in any form are included here.\n Noteworthy songs released via streaming (not download) on official sites are included here.\n Songs on any official release are not included here.\nThe columns Title, Recorded, Source, Available and Notes list each song title, the year the song was recorded, the audio source, the availability of the song and any notes accompanying the song.\n\nUnofficial bootleg releases \n\n\"Have a Merry Fucking Christmas\" (7\")\n\"Next to You / Invisible Sun\" (7\", turquoise)\n\"Live at the Astoria\" (12\") (London '92)\n\"I Want My Money Back\" (London '92)\n\"Who Did This?\" (Berlin '93)\n\"No Love Lost\" (Hultsfred '93, Roskilde '93, Feile '93, Aalborg '92)\n\"Fistful of Power\" (Donington '94)\n\"Isolation\" (Wolverhampton '94)\n\"Absolutely Barking\" (Donington '94, London '94)\n\"Clash Therapy\" (Stockholm '94)\n\"Not Lunacy\" (Stockholm '94)\n\"Shock Treatment\" (Florence '94)\n\"Iron Man\" (Florence '94)\n\"Europe 1994\" (Donington '94, Glasgow '94, London '94)\n\"Live in England 94\" (Donington '94, London '92)\n\"Good Fuckin' Night\" (Glasgow '94)\n\"Dead Laughing\" (Arnhem '95)\n\"The Black Sessions\" (Paris '95)\n\"Infernal Gum\" (B-Sides)\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n Official discography\n\nTherapy", "\"Is There Any Love in Your Heart\" is a song recorded by American singer Lenny Kravitz and released on December 2, 1993, as the fourth single from his fourth studio album Are You Gonna Go My Way. The song was also included in his 2000 album Greatest Hits. The music video was directed by Mark Romanek and features Canadian model Ève Salvail playing a vampire.\n\nReception\nJames E. Perone in The Album: A Guide to Pop Music's Most Provocative, Influential, and Important Creations stated, \"The Kravitz and Craig Ross collaboration “Is There Any Love in Your Heart” re-creates the style of late 1960s' and early 1970s hard rock.\" Alan Sculley of The Crisis noted, \"There is one particularly acidic track directed to gold diggers attracted by his celebrity status, \"Is There Any Love in Your Heart.\"\n\nTrack listing\n\nWeekly charts\n\nUses\n The song was featured in Season 7 (episode \"Pumping Iron\") of the MTV animated television series Beavis and Butt-Head.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nLenny Kravitz songs\n1993 songs\nSongs written by Lenny Kravitz\nSongs written by Craig Ross\nMusic videos directed by Mark Romanek" ]

[ "Focus (band)", "1985-1999: Reunions", "Did the band reunite during this time frame?", "In 1990, the former line-up of van Leer, Akkerman, van der Linden, and Ruiter reunited for the first time since 1975.", "Did anything particular happen during the reunion?", "The four played a 40-minute set at the Americahal in Apeldoorn on 20 April that was broadcast as part of the Oud van Goud television special.", "Was there anything else important happening?", "On 17 May the group, minus Akkerman, mimed a performance of \"House of the King\" on the Service Salon television program on AVRO-TV.", "What were some of their songs?", "Hocus Pocus", "Are there any other songs?", "In the 63 days they spent recording from April to May 1984, around 30 tracks were completed with several additional musicians." ]

[ "A book tour is a promotion for a newly published book in which the author tours a region to do bookselling, present to the media, and meet the people who would read the book. Three objectives of any presentation on a book tour are to entertain the audience, serve the interest of whichever institution is hosting the presentation, and to sell books in person at the presentation. Authors have a range of opinions about the effectiveness of book tours.\n\nHigher profile writers sometimes do tours with an escort to help them manage interaction with the audience during presentations.\n\nBook tours have become less common since the 2008 Great Recession.\n\nReferences\n\nBookselling\nPromotion and marketing communications\nTouring performing arts", "F31 is a disability sport classification for seated throwing events (the \"F\" stands for field events, excluding jump events) in disability athletics. The only event this class competes in at the Paralympic Games is the club throw.\n\nDefinition \nThis classification is for disability athletics. The Australian Paralympic Committee defines this classification as being for \"Severe quadriplegia \"\n\nHistory\nThe classification was created by the International Paralympic Committee and has roots in a 2003 attempt to address \"the overall objective to support and co-ordinate the ongoing development of accurate, reliable, consistent and credible sport focused classification systems and their implementation.\"\n\nPerformance and rules\nAthletes in this class used secure frames for throwing events. The frame can be only one of two shapes: A rectangle or square. The sides must be at least long. The seat needs to be lower at the back or level, and it cannot be taller than . This height includes any cushioning or padding. Throwers can have footplates on their frames, but the footplate can only be used for stability. It cannot be used to push off from. Rests can be used on the frame but they need to be present only for safety reasons and to aide in athlete stability. They need to be manufactured from rigid materials that do not move. These materials may include steel or aluminum. The backrest can have cushioning but it cannot be thicker than . It cannot have any movable parts. The frame can also have a holding bar. The holding bar needs to be round or square, and needs to be a single straight piece. Athletes are not required to use a holding bar during their throw, and they can hold on to any part of the frame during their throw. Throwing frames should be inspected prior to the event. This should be done either in the call room or in the competition area. In general, people in this class should be allocated around 3 minutes to set up their chair.\n\nAthletes need to throw from a seated position. They cannot throw from an inclined or other position. Doing so could increase the contribution of their legs and benefit their performance. Their legs must be in contact with the seat during the throw. If an athlete throws from a non-seated position, this is counted as a foul. People in this class cannot put tape on their hands. All straps used to hold the athlete to the frame must be non-elastic. While in the process of throwing, an athlete cannot touch a tie-down for the frame. Because of visibility issues for officials, athletes cannot wear lose clothing and they can ask athletes to tuck in clothing if they feel there is any issue with visibility. In throwing events at the World Championships, athletes get three initial throws. After that, the top 8 throwers get an additional three throws. For other events, organizers generally have the option to use that formula or to give all throwers six consecutive throws.\n\nBecoming classified\nAthletes with cerebral palsy or similar impairments who wish to compete in para-athletics competition must first undergo a classification assessment. During this, they both undergo a bench test of muscle coordination and demonstrate their skills in athletics, such as pushing a racing wheelchair and throwing. A determination is then made as to what classification an athlete should compete in. Classifications may be Confirmed or Review status. For athletes who do not have access to a full classification panel, Provisional classification is available; this is a temporary Review classification, considered an indication of class only, and generally used only in lower levels of competition.\n\nCompetitions\n\nSee also\n\n Para-athletics classification\n Athletics at the Summer Paralympics\n\nReferences\n\nParasports classifications" ]

[ "Focus (band)", "1985-1999: Reunions", "Did the band reunite during this time frame?", "In 1990, the former line-up of van Leer, Akkerman, van der Linden, and Ruiter reunited for the first time since 1975.", "Did anything particular happen during the reunion?", "The four played a 40-minute set at the Americahal in Apeldoorn on 20 April that was broadcast as part of the Oud van Goud television special.", "Was there anything else important happening?", "On 17 May the group, minus Akkerman, mimed a performance of \"House of the King\" on the Service Salon television program on AVRO-TV.", "What were some of their songs?", "Hocus Pocus", "Are there any other songs?", "In the 63 days they spent recording from April to May 1984, around 30 tracks were completed with several additional musicians.", "Did they do any tours during this time frame?", "Focus was released in March 1985 by Vertigo Records which reached number 33 in the Netherlands. The pair followed the album with promotional videos and a local four-date tour." ]

[ "Reunion at Budokan 1981 is a live album by American jazz group the Modern Jazz Quartet featuring performances recorded at their reunion concert at the Nippon Budokan in 1981 and released on the Pablo label.\n\nReception\nThe Allmusic review stated \"the group's two biggest 'hits', \"Bags' Groove\" and \"Django\" are among the highlights of this excellent release\".\n\nTrack listing\nAll compositions by John Lewis except as indicated\n Introduction - 3:01\n \"Softly, as in a Morning Sunrise\" (Oscar Hammerstein II, Sigmund Romberg) - 6:07 \n \"The Cylinder\" (Milt Jackson) - 5:32 \n \"Really True Blues\" (Jackson) - 5:37 \n \"The Golden Striker\" - 5:53 \n \"Odds Against Tomorrow\" - 9:09 \n \"The Jasmin Tree\" - 4:04 \n \"Bags' Groove\" (Jackson) - 5:41 \n \"Django\" - 5:31\n\nPersonnel\nMilt Jackson - vibraphone\nJohn Lewis - piano\nPercy Heath - bass\nConnie Kay - drums\n\nReferences\n\nPablo Records live albums\nModern Jazz Quartet live albums\n1981 live albums\nAlbums recorded at the Nippon Budokan", "The Big Reunion is a British reality-documentary series that began airing on ITV2 on 31 January 2013. The show follows chart-topping groups that have reformed for the show and were big names in the UK pop music scene in the 1990s and early 2000s, and the show follows them through their two weeks of intensive rehearsals before they step back on stage for a comeback performance.\n\nEpisode list\n\nSeries 1 (2013)\n\nThe Big Reunion: On Tour (2013)\n\nThe Big Christmas Reunion (2013)\n\nSeries 2 (2014)\nAll episode directed by:\tMark Drake & Shane Byrne\n\nRatings\n\nSeries 1\nThe first episode was seen by an average of 957,000 UK viewers, though it peaked at 1.2 million, making it ITV2's highest rated new show since 2008. The ratings increased for the second episode, which was watched by over 1.3 million, helping ITV2 finish third in the 9:00pm slot in front of BBC Two, Channel 4 and Channel 5. The overnight audience fell sharply to 670,000 for the third episode (but official figures were 941,000), being beaten in its timeslot by Junior Doctors: Your Life in Their Hands on BBC Three. Ratings continued to slide for episode 4, which overnight viewing figures showed was only watched by 630,000 viewers (less than half the audience of the episode of Celebrity Juice) that followed at 10:00pm, although the official rating was 826,000. The sixth episode brought in 606,000 viewers when up against the series finale of Mayday on BBC One and UEFA Europa League coverage on ITV. 638,000 watched episode 7 and 593,000 watched episode 8. The ratings shot back up for the final episode, as an audience of 974,000 tuned in to watch the highlights and behind-the-scenes action of the Hammersmith Apollo concert. Official ratings show that with the addition of ITV2+1, The Big Reunion averaged over 1 million viewers every week.\n\nThe Big Reunion: On Tour\nThe Big Reunion: On Tour was seen by a relatively low audience compared to its original series. Just 197,000 viewers watched the first episode, whilst episode 2 saw figures dip to 191,000. The third and final episode was seen by an audience of 231,000.\n\nThe Big Christmas Reunion\nRatings for The Big Christmas Reunion are unknown.\n\nSeries 2\nThe first episode of the second series was seen by an audience of 463,000, less than half the audience of the series 1 premiere.\n\nReferences\n\nLists of British non-fiction television series episodes" ]

[ "Focus (band)", "1985-1999: Reunions", "Did the band reunite during this time frame?", "In 1990, the former line-up of van Leer, Akkerman, van der Linden, and Ruiter reunited for the first time since 1975.", "Did anything particular happen during the reunion?", "The four played a 40-minute set at the Americahal in Apeldoorn on 20 April that was broadcast as part of the Oud van Goud television special.", "Was there anything else important happening?", "On 17 May the group, minus Akkerman, mimed a performance of \"House of the King\" on the Service Salon television program on AVRO-TV.", "What were some of their songs?", "Hocus Pocus", "Are there any other songs?", "In the 63 days they spent recording from April to May 1984, around 30 tracks were completed with several additional musicians.", "Did they do any tours during this time frame?", "Focus was released in March 1985 by Vertigo Records which reached number 33 in the Netherlands. The pair followed the album with promotional videos and a local four-date tour.", "Are there any other highlights during their reunion?", "In 1999, van Leer attempted to reform Focus with Cleuver, Ruiter, and Dutch guitarist Menno Gootjes. They performed several live dates in the Netherlands," ]

[ "Plommons were a Swedish, all-female pop rock band formed in 1964. They are considered the first female rock group from Sweden. During their recording career, the band released three singles, and covered several popular songs from the United States before breaking up in 1967. The band sporadically reform, the first reunion being in 1985.\n\nHistory\n\nIn 1964, the band was formed by coincidence when Maud \"Måddan\" Lindqvist (born 1946) met with Eva \"Plommon\" Håkansson (later Soelberg, born 1947) to give guitar lessons in Sundbyberg. Lindqvist knew only three chords at the time and Soelberg was just starting to play. The two met a local news reporter who was looking for a musical group to write an article on. When asked if the two were involved in a band, Lindqvist replied \"Yes sir, you have the honor to meet Sweden's first female pop band\". Lindqvist and Håkansson quickly needed to form a band so they contacted Eva Kroon (later Kroon-Bisenius, born 1947) to play the piano. The article was published and the group decided they needed to take advantage of the exposure. Lindqvist became lead guitarist and lead singer, Håkansson played bass guitar, Kroon switched to drums, and they choose to be known as Plommons. Before their first gig, they added the last piece of the lineup, Ingrid \"Ninni\" Granelli (born 1946), to play keyboards.\n\nThe group learned three songs for their first gig, a battle of the bands contest in Nalen. When the band won the contest, they developed a larger repertoire and played in more concerts. They played at prominent Swedish venues like the Solliden stage at Skansen, and their big breakthrough at the Gröna Lund Hip Pop Show. The pop show resulted in signing a manager, who also managed the Tages and initiated a national tour in the summer of 1965. They were the opening for prominent Swedish acts, even for the British rock band, The Who at Hovet. In November of the same year, they made an appearance on the television program, Drop-in, which was followed by studio recording. The band recorded three singles, the first being \"Last Train to Liverpool\" backed with \"Hungry for Love\". Linqvist composed \"Last Train to Liverpool\" and the rest of the band's original material. Despite the lack of commercial success, the band expanded their touring schedule to other countries including Finland, Denmark, and Germany. For two years, the band conducted successful tours, but in the Summer of 1967 the band disbanded as Håkansson and Kroon left for college.\n\nLindqvist formed a new band called the Sunny Girls who she toured with in the United States. They had long-lasting popularity in Las Vegas, and are the only Swedish pop band to perform in Las Vegas. The Plommons reformed for the first time in 1985 to play on the show, King Creole. The band continues to have reunion tours with the original lineup on several other instances.\n\nReferences\n\nSwedish pop rock music groups\nSwedish rock music groups\nMusical groups from Stockholm County\nMusical groups established in 1964\nMusical groups disestablished in 1967", "American rock band The Rapture has released four studio albums, two extended plays, and thirteen singles.\n\nThe band first released their mini-album Mirror in 1999 under Gravity Records. This project did not chart in any countries. In 2002, the band released the song \"House of Jealous Lovers\", which originally didn't chart in any countries, but due to a re-recorded re-release of the song in 2003, it peaked at 27 on the UK Singles Chart. Later that year, the Rapture released their debut full-length studio album Echoes under DFA Records. After parting ways with the DFA, the band released their second full-length studio album, titled Pieces of the People We Love, in 2006. After a short hiatus, the band signed with DFA again and released In the Grace of Your Love in 2011. The Rapture officially disbanded in 2014.\n\nAlbums\n\nStudio albums\n\nMini-album\n\nExtended plays\n\nSingles\n\nSplit singles\n\nMusic videos\n\nOther appearances\n\nReferences\n\nDiscographies of American artists\nRock music group discographies" ]

[ "Focus (band)", "1985-1999: Reunions", "Did the band reunite during this time frame?", "In 1990, the former line-up of van Leer, Akkerman, van der Linden, and Ruiter reunited for the first time since 1975.", "Did anything particular happen during the reunion?", "The four played a 40-minute set at the Americahal in Apeldoorn on 20 April that was broadcast as part of the Oud van Goud television special.", "Was there anything else important happening?", "On 17 May the group, minus Akkerman, mimed a performance of \"House of the King\" on the Service Salon television program on AVRO-TV.", "What were some of their songs?", "Hocus Pocus", "Are there any other songs?", "In the 63 days they spent recording from April to May 1984, around 30 tracks were completed with several additional musicians.", "Did they do any tours during this time frame?", "Focus was released in March 1985 by Vertigo Records which reached number 33 in the Netherlands. The pair followed the album with promotional videos and a local four-date tour.", "Are there any other highlights during their reunion?", "In 1999, van Leer attempted to reform Focus with Cleuver, Ruiter, and Dutch guitarist Menno Gootjes. They performed several live dates in the Netherlands,", "Did their band only play in other countries during this time?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Anything Can Happen is a 1952 comedy-drama film.\n\nAnything Can Happen may also refer to:\n\n Anything Can Happen (album), by Leon Russell, 1994\n \"Anything Can Happen\", a 2019 song by Saint Jhn \n Edhuvum Nadakkum ('Anything Can Happen'), a season of the Tamil TV series Marmadesam\n \"Anything Can Happen in the Next Half Hour\", or \"Anything Can Happen\", a 2007 song by Enter Shikari\n Anything Can Happen in the Next Half Hour (EP), 2004\n\nSee also\n \"Anything Could Happen\", a 2012 song by Ellie Goulding \n Anything Might Happen, 1934 British crime film\n Special Effects: Anything Can Happen, a 1996 American documentary film\n \"Anything Can Happen on Halloween\", a song from the 1986 film The Worst Witch \n Anything Can Happen in the Theatre, a musical revue of works by Maury Yeston\n \"The Anything Can Happen Recurrence\", an episode of The Big Bang Theory (season 7)\n The Anupam Kher Show - Kucch Bhi Ho Sakta Hai ('The Anupam Kher Show — Anything Can Happen') an Indian TV show", "Red, White & Crüe ... Better Live Than Dead Tour was a concert tour by the heavy metal band Mötley Crüe. It was rumored by Nikki Sixx in December 2003 that the band would embark on a reunion tour in 2004, but it was officially announced in December 2004 that the reunion tour would happen the next year, and that Tommy Lee had officially rejoined the band after leaving in 1999. It started February 14 in San Juan, Puerto Rico and ended October 16 in Sioux City, Iowa. This is their first tour in five years and since the death of Randy Castillo in 2002.\n\nSet list \n\"Shout At The Devil\"\n\"Too Fast for Love\"\n\"Ten Seconds to Love\"\n\"Red Hot\"\n\"On With the Show\"\n\"Too Young to Fall in Love\"\n\"Looks That Kill\"\n\"Louder Than Hell\"\n\"Live Wire\"\n\"Girls, Girls, Girls\"\n\"Wild Side\"\n\"Don't Go Away Mad (Just Go Away)\"\n\"Primal Scream\"\n\"Glitter / Without You\"\n\"Home Sweet Home\"\n\"Dr. Feelgood\"\n\"Same Ol' Situation (S.O.S.)\"\n\"If I Die Tomorrow\"\n\"Sick Love Song\"\n\"Kickstart My Heart\"\nEncore:\n\"Helter Skelter\" (The Beatles cover)\n\"Anarchy in the U.S.A.\" (Sex Pistols cover)\n\nTour dates\n\nReferences\n\n2005 concert tours\nReunion concert tours\nMötley Crüe concert tours" ]

[ "Focus (band)", "1985-1999: Reunions", "Did the band reunite during this time frame?", "In 1990, the former line-up of van Leer, Akkerman, van der Linden, and Ruiter reunited for the first time since 1975.", "Did anything particular happen during the reunion?", "The four played a 40-minute set at the Americahal in Apeldoorn on 20 April that was broadcast as part of the Oud van Goud television special.", "Was there anything else important happening?", "On 17 May the group, minus Akkerman, mimed a performance of \"House of the King\" on the Service Salon television program on AVRO-TV.", "What were some of their songs?", "Hocus Pocus", "Are there any other songs?", "In the 63 days they spent recording from April to May 1984, around 30 tracks were completed with several additional musicians.", "Did they do any tours during this time frame?", "Focus was released in March 1985 by Vertigo Records which reached number 33 in the Netherlands. The pair followed the album with promotional videos and a local four-date tour.", "Are there any other highlights during their reunion?", "In 1999, van Leer attempted to reform Focus with Cleuver, Ruiter, and Dutch guitarist Menno Gootjes. They performed several live dates in the Netherlands,", "Did their band only play in other countries during this time?", "I don't know.", "Did anything happen that ended their reunion in 1999?", "disagreements between van Leer and Ruiter over material intended for release effectively split up the group." ]

[ "A Backstugusittare (\"hill cottage sitter\") is a historical term of a certain category of the country side population in the history of Sweden. It referred to the inhabitants of a backstuga (hill cottage), who lived on common land or the land of someone else and did not engage in any farming.\n\nIn contrast to the somewhat similar torpare, backstugusittare did not use any land and lived on the charity of the landowner or, if they lived on common land, on the charity of the village. They may grow some potatoes for their own use and have some smaller animals but normally only enough to eat themselves. That category of people were normally among the very poorest of the village community and supported themselves on odd jobs, some handicrafts and charity.\n\nThe phenomenon is confirmed from the early 17th-century. After the land reform of 1827, during which the farmers moved out from the villages and occupied land previously left for the torpare, the category grew larger, as the torpare were often given no other choice than to become backstugusittare. However, during the 19th-century, it also became more common for successful village craftsmen to live temporarily in the backstuga merely to save money, which somewhat raised the status of backstugusittare.\n\nReferences\n Herman Juhlin-Dannfelt, Lantmannens uppslagsbok (1923)\n\nSocial history of Sweden\nAgriculture in Sweden\nHistory of agriculture", "In baseball, a foul tip is defined as \"a batted ball that goes sharp and direct from the bat to the catcher and is legally caught. It is not a foul tip unless caught, and any foul tip that is caught is a strike and the ball is 'in play'.\"\n\nA foul tip is not the same as a foul ball, although many people mistakenly use the term to refer to any pitch at which the batter swings and makes slight contact, regardless of whether it is caught by the catcher. However, the rules are very narrow: it is not a foul tip if the ball touches anything else on the way to the catcher's hand or glove or if it is not legally caught and held. Anything else is technically a foul ball, including if the ball is caught after popping up into foul territory.\n\nThe rules treat a foul tip as equivalent in every respect to a pitch at which the batter swings and misses. \n A foul tip is always a strike, regardless of the existing ball-and-strike count. \n A player with two strikes against him is automatically struck out.\n A player with fewer than two strikes against him is not out.\n The ball remains alive and runners may advance or be thrown out on the bases.\n\nIn contrast, a foul ball counts as a strike only if the batter does not already have two strikes against him/her, and if the batter did not incur the foul ball on a bunt. Runners may not advance and must return to their bases without danger of being tagged out.\n\nReferences\n , see under FOUL TIP.\n\nBaseball rules" ]

[ "Neil Simon", "Characters" ]

[ "The following is a list of characters that have appeared in the television series The Batman, which ran from September 11, 2004, to March 22, 2008. The animation style bears a strong resemblance to that of Jackie Chan Adventures, since Jeff Matsuda was the chief character designer for both shows. Many of the supervillains who appear in the series, like the Joker, Penguin and Riddler, are very different from those of their comic counterparts (especially through their designs). While many characters adapted from the mainstream DC comics appear, some of them only appeared in the show's tie-in comic called The Batman Strikes. Characters that were planned for a guest appearance but ultimately did not appear were Wonder Woman, Bizarro, Vigilante, and Owlman.\n\nMain characters\n\nSupporting characters\n\nAntagonists\n\nAdditional characters\n\nExternal links\n The Batman at The World's Finest\n\nReferences\n\nCharacters\nBatman\nBatman\nBatman\nBatman", "The following is a list of characters of The Andy Griffith Show, an American sitcom television series, starring Andy Griffith. The series ran for eight seasons on CBS between October 3, 1960, and April 1, 1968. Episodes 1–159 (1960–1965) were broadcast in black-and-white, while the last 90 episodes (1965–1968) were in color.\n\nCharacters are listed in order of their initial appearance. Only characters who appeared in 3 or more episodes as the same character are listed. For other characters, see List of The Andy Griffith Show guest stars\n\nLegend\n = Main cast (credited)\n = Recurring cast (3+ episodes per season)\n = Guest cast (1-2 episodes per season)\n\nUnseen regular characters\n\nNotes\n\nLists of American comedy television series characters\nThe Andy Griffith Show" ]

[ "Neil Simon", "Characters", "who were the characters?", "Simon's characters are typically portrayed as \"imperfect, unheroic figures who are at heart decent human beings\"," ]

[ "are a set of 863 Chinese characters known as \"name kanji\" in English. They are a supplementary list of characters that can legally be used in registered personal names in Japan, despite not being in the official list of \"commonly used characters\" (jōyō kanji). \"Jinmeiyō kanji\" is sometimes used to refer to the characters in both the jinmeiyō and jōyō lists.\n\nA ministerial decree of 1946 limited the number of officially sanctioned kanji for public use to the 1,850 tōyō kanji. Only kanji on this list were acceptable as registered names, despite the fact that the list excluded many kanji frequently used in names up to that point. However, on May 25, 1951, the cabinet extended the set of characters usable in names by specifying the first 90 jinmeiyō kanji.\n\nOver the years, the Minister of Justice has increased the number of name kanji, and has a plan for further addition in response to requests from parents. As of April 30, 2009, there were 985 jinmeiyō kanji, but this number was reduced to 861 in late 2010 when 129 jinmeiyō characters were transferred to the jōyō kanji list, and 5 characters were transferred from the jōyō kanji list to jinmeiyō characters. In 2015 and 2017, 2 kanji in total were added to the jinmeiyō list, making the total number 863.\n\nIn Japan, name kanji are taught at the junior-high level.\n\nHistory\nBelow is a list of changes made to the jinmeiyō kanji list since its creation in 1951.\n\nMay 25, 1951\nThe first 92 characters of jinmeiyō kanji were published:\n丑　丞　乃　之　也　亘　亥　亦　亨　亮　伊　匡　卯　只　吾　呂　哉　嘉　圭　奈　宏　寅　巌　巳　庄　弘　弥　彦　悌　敦　昌　晃　晋　智　暢　朋　桂　桐　楠　橘　欣　欽　毅　浩　淳　熊　爾　猪　玲　琢　瑞　睦　磯　祐　禄　禎　稔　穣　綾　惣　聡　肇　胤　艶　蔦　藤　蘭　虎　蝶　輔　辰　郁　酉　錦　鎌　靖　須　馨　駒　鯉　鯛　鶴　鹿　麿　亀\n\nSeven of them were later transferred to the jōyō kanji: \n仙　尚　杉　甚　磨　斉　龍\nWith the last one also being simplified to (dragon).\n\nJuly 30, 1976\n28 kanji were added, for a total of 120 characters.\n\n佑　允　冴　喬　怜　旭　杏　梓　梢　梨　沙　渚　瑠　瞳　紗　紘　絢　翠　耶　芙　茜　藍　那　阿　隼　鮎　葵\n\nOne was later transferred to the jōyō kanji: .\n\nOctober 1, 1981\nIntroduction of the jōyō kanji list, which includes the 8 characters mentioned above; those 8 are thus removed from the jinmeiyō kanji list.\n54 other characters are added for a total of 166 name characters.\n\n伍　伶　侑　尭　孟　峻　嵩　嶺　巴　彬　惇　惟　慧　斐　旦　昂　李　栗　楓　槙　汐　洵　洸　渥　瑛　瑶　璃　甫　皓　眸　矩　碧　笹　緋　翔　脩　苑　茉　莉　萌　萩　蓉　蕗　虹　諒　赳　迪　遥　遼　霞　頌　駿　鳩　鷹\n\nMarch 1, 1990\n118 kanji were added for a total of 284 characters.\n\n伎　伽　侃　倖　倭　偲　冶　凌　凜　凪　捺　於　旺　昴　晏　晟　晨　暉　曙　朔　凱　勁　叡　叶　唄　啄　奎　媛　嬉　宥　崚　嵐　嵯　巽　彗　彪　恕　憧　拳　捷　杜　柊　柚　柾　栞　梧　椋　椎　椰　椿　楊　榛　槻　樺　檀　毬　汀　汰　洲　湧　滉　漱　澪　熙　燎　燦　燿　爽　玖　琳　瑚　瑳　皐　眉　瞭　碩　秦　稀　稜　竣　笙　紬　絃　綜　綸　綺　耀　胡　舜　芹　茄　茅　莞　菖　菫　蒔　蒼　蓮　蕉　衿　袈　裟　詢　誼　諄　邑　醇　采　雛　鞠　颯　魁　鳳　鴻　鵬　麟　黎　黛\n\nDecember 3, 1997\n1 kanji was added, for a total of 285 characters.\n\n琉\n\nFebruary 23, 2004\n1 kanji was added, for a total of 286 characters.\n\n曽\n\nJune 7, 2004\n1 kanji was added, for a total of 287 characters.\n\n獅\n\nJune 11, 2004\nNo addition to the jinmeiyō kanji was made on this date. However, a plan for 578 additions was put forward to the council on jinmeiyō kanji of the legislative council of the Ministry of Justice. The list included certain characters in strong demand by parents for use in their children's names, such as:\n (ichigo, \"strawberry\")\n (haruka, \"distant\", traditional variant)\n (akira, \"scintillating\")\n (kiba, \"fang\")\n\nMany others were included not for their potential uses in names (as is noted), but rather because of their frequent use and being easy to read and write. Examples include:\n\n (kuso, \"excrement\")\n (noroi, \"curse\")\n (shikabane, \"corpse\")\n (gan, \"cancer\")\n\nAt this same council, the decision was made to call for suggestions on characters to be included or excluded via the Ministry of Justice website, until July 9, 2004.\n\nJuly 12, 2004\n3 kanji were added, for a total of 290 characters.\n\n毘　瀧　駕\n\nJuly 23, 2004\nNo additions were made. After sharp protests, the council decided to withdraw nine characters from the 489 whose inclusion had been discussed. These nine characters were:\n (kuso, \"excrement\")\n (noroi, \"curse\")\n (shikabane, \"corpse\")\n (gan, \"cancer\")\n (kansuru, \"rape, seduction\")\n (midara, \"obscene\")\n (urami, \"resentment\")\n (ji, \"hemorrhoids\")\n (mekake, \"concubine\")\n\nThe 480 other characters still remained under consideration for inclusion, with one additional character added to them, namely (kiku, \"to draw up water with one's hands\").\n\nSeptember 27, 2004\n484 characters and variant forms of 209 jōyō kanji were added, bringing the total number of the jinmeiyō kanji to 983.\n\nApril 30, 2009\n2 more characters were added for a total number of 985 characters.\n\n祷　穹\n\nNovember 30, 2010\nIn late 2010, the Japanese government added 196 characters to the jōyō kanji list. The list now includes 129 characters previously classified as jinmeiyō kanji, 11 of which are currently used in Japanese prefectures or nearby countries:\n\n (ibara in , Ibaraki Prefecture)\n (hime in , Ehime Prefecture)\n (oka in , Shizuoka Prefecture)\n (kan in , South Korea)\n (kuma in , Kumamoto Prefecture)\n (sai in , Saitama Prefecture)\n (tochi in , Tochigi Prefecture)\n (na in , Nara Prefecture)\n (nashi in , Yamanashi Prefecture)\n (saka in , Osaka)\n (fu in , Gifu Prefecture)\n\nAt the same time, 5 characters deleted from the jōyō kanji list were added to the jinmeiyō kanji list, making the total number of jinmeiyō kanji 861:\n (shaku, an old unit of measure approx. 18ml in volume, or 0.033m² in area)\n (sui or tsumu, a spindle or weight)\n (sen, pig iron)\n (chō or fuku[reru], to swell or bulge; mostly used in the compound , normally rewritten with instead)\n (momme, a unit of weight approx 3.75g)\n\nJanuary 7, 2015\n1 kanji was added, for a total of 862 characters.\n\n巫\n\nSeptember 25, 2017\n1 kanji was added, for a total of 863 characters.\n\n渾\n\nList of jinmeiyō kanji\nThe list is split into two parts: \n 633 characters which do not appear in the list of jōyō kanji (regular-use kanji). 18 of these have a variant, bringing the number of character forms to 651.\n 212 characters which are traditional forms (kyūjitai) of characters present in the list of jōyō kanji.\n\nJinmeiyō kanji not part of the jōyō kanji\nVariants are given in brackets.\n丑　丞　乃　之　乎　也　云　些　亦　亥　亨　亮　仔　伊　伍　伽　佃　佑　伶　侃　侑　俄　俠　俣　俐　倭　俱　倦　倖　偲　傭　儲　允　兎　兜　其　冴　凌　凧　凪　凰　凱　函　劉　劫　勁　勺　勿　匁　匡　廿　卜　卯　卿　厨　厩　叉　叡　叢　叶　只　吾　吞　吻　哉　哨　啄　哩　喬　喧　喰　喋　嘩　嘉　嘗　噌　噂　圃　圭　坐　坦　埴　堰　堺　堵　塙　壕　壬　夷　奄　奎　套　娃　姪　姥　娩　嬉　孟　宏　宋　宕　宥　寅　寓　寵　尖　尤　屑　峨　峻　崚　嵯　嵩　嶺　巫　已　巳　巴　巷　巽　帖　幌　幡　庄　庇　庚　庵　廟　廻　弘　弛　彗　彦　彪　彬　徠　忽　怜　恢　恰　恕　悌　惟　惚　悉　惇　惹　惺　惣　慧　憐　戊　或　戟　托　按　挺　挽　掬　捲　捷　捺　捧　掠　揃　摑　摺　撒　撰　撞　播　撫　擢　孜　敦　斐　斡　斧　斯　於　旭　昂　昊　昏　昌　昴　晏　晒　晋　晟　晦　晨　智　暉　暢　曙　曝　曳　朋　朔　杏　杖　杜　李　杭　杵　杷　枇　柑　柴　柘　柊　柏　柾　柚　栞　桔　桂　栖　桐　栗　梧　梓　梢　梛　梯　桶　梶　椛　梁　棲　椋　椀　楯　楚　楕　椿　楠　楓　椰　楢　楊　榎　樺　榊　榛　槍　槌　樫　槻　樟　樋　橘　樽　橙　檎　檀　櫂　櫛　櫓　欣　欽　歎　此　殆　毅　毘　毬　汀　汝　汐　汲　沌　沓　沫　洸　洲　洵　洛　浩　浬　淵　淳　淀　淋　渥　渾　湘　湊　湛　溢　滉　溜　漱　漕　漣　澪　濡　瀕　灘　灸　灼　烏　焰　焚　煌　煤　煉　熙　燕　燎　燦　燭　燿　爾　牒　牟　牡　牽　犀　狼　獅　玖　珂　珈　珊　珀　玲　琉　瑛　琥　琶　琵　琳　瑚　瑞　瑶　瑳　瓜　瓢　甥　甫　畠　畢　疋　疏　皐　皓　眸　瞥　矩　砦　砥　砧　硯　碓　碗　碩　碧　磐　磯　祇　禽　禾　秦　秤　稀　稔　稟　稜　穹　穿　窄　窪　窺　竣　竪　竺　竿　笈　笹　笙　笠　筈　筑　箕　箔　篇　篠　簞　簾　籾　粥　粟　糊　紘　紗　紐　絃　紬　絆　絢　綺　綜　綴　緋　綾　綸　縞　徽　繫　繡　纂　纏　羚　翔　翠　耀　而　耶　耽　聡　肇　肋　肴　胤　胡　脩　腔　脹　膏　臥　舜　舵　芥　芹　芭　芙　芦　苑　茄　苔　苺　茅　茉　茸　茜　莞　荻　莫　莉　菅　菫　菖　萄　菩　萊　菱　葦　葵　萱　葺　萩　董　葡　蓑　蒔　蒐　蒼　蒲　蒙　蓉　蓮　蔭　蔣　蔦　蓬　蔓　蕎　蕨　蕉　蕃　蕪　薙　蕾　蕗　藁　薩　蘇　蘭　蝦　蝶　螺　蟬　蟹　蠟　衿　袈　袴　裡　裟　裳　襖　訊　訣　註　詢　詫　誼　諏　諄　諒　謂　諺　讃　豹　貰　賑　赳　跨　蹄　蹟　輔　輯　輿　轟　辰　辻　迂　迄　辿　迪　迦　這　逞　逗　逢　遁　遼　邑　祁　郁　鄭　酉　醇　醐　醍　醬　釉　釘　釧　銑　鋒　鋸　錘　錐　錆　錫　鍬　鎧　閃　閏　閤　阿　陀　隈　隼　雀　雁　雛　雫　霞　靖　鞄　鞍　鞘　鞠　鞭　頁　頌　頗　顚　颯　饗　馨　馴　馳　駕　駿　驍　魁　魯　鮎　鯉　鯛　鰯　鱒　鱗　鳩　鳶　鳳　鴨　鴻　鵜　鵬　鷗　鷲　鷺　鷹　麒　麟　麿　黎　黛　鼎\n\nThe 18 variant characters included in the list, with non-variant forms in parentheses, are:\n\nTraditional variants of jōyō kanji\nThe modern form (shinjitai), which appears in the Jōyō Kanji List, is given in brackets.\n \n\nNote that is merely the closest Wikipedia can come to the form on the official list, where the first (top left) stroke is horizontal rather than vertical.\n\nActual usage in names\nUsage of the Jinmeiyō Kanji in Japanese names varies widely. For example, 之, is used in over 6000 names, and the 53 kanji used most commonly in names are all in over 500 names each.\n\nSee also\n\nInmyongyong chuga hanjapyo (Korean names)\n\nExternal links\n List of Jōyō Kanji (Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs)\n List of Jinmeiyō Kanji (Japanese Ministry of Justice)\n\nReferences\n\nKanji\nJapanese writing system", "A naming taboo is a cultural taboo against speaking or writing the given names of exalted persons, for example in China and within the Chinese cultural sphere. It was enforced by several laws throughout Imperial China, but its cultural and possibly religious origins predate the Qin dynasty. Not respecting the appropriate naming taboos was considered a sign of lacking education and respect, and brought shame both to the offender and the offended person.\n\nTypes\n The naming taboo of the state ( guóhuì) discouraged the use of the emperor's given name and those of his ancestors. For example, during the Qin Dynasty, Qin Shi Huang's given name Zhèng (< B-S: *teŋ-s) was avoided, and the first month of the year, the upright month (; Zhèngyuè) had its pronunciation modified to Zhēngyuè (OC B-S: *teŋ, like \"to go on a long journey, to go on a military campaign\") and then further renamed as the proper/upright month (; Duānyuè < OC, B-S *tˤor]). The strength of this taboo was reinforced by law; transgressors could expect serious punishment for writing an emperor's name without modifications. In 1777, Wang Xihou, in his dictionary, criticized the Kangxi dictionary and wrote the Qianlong Emperor's name without leaving out any stroke as required. This disrespect resulted in his and his family's executions and confiscation of their property. This type of naming taboo is no longer observed in modern China.\n The naming taboo of the clan () discouraged the use of the names of one's own ancestors. Generally, ancestor names going back to seven generations were avoided. In diplomatic documents and letters between clans, each clan's naming taboos were observed.\n The naming taboo of the holinesses () discouraged the use of the names of respected people. For example, writing the name of Confucius was taboo during the Jin Dynasty.\n\nMethods to avoid offense\n\nThere were three ways to avoid using a taboo character:\n Changing the character to another, usually a synonym or one which sounded similar to the character being avoided. For example, the Black Warrior Gate (; Xuanwu Gate) of the Forbidden City was renamed the Gate of Divine Might (神武門; Shenwu Gate) in order to avoid using a character from the Kangxi Emperor's name, Xuanye ().\n Leaving the character as a blank.\n Omitting a stroke in the character, usually the final stroke.\n\nIn history\nThroughout Chinese history, there were emperors whose names contained common characters who would try to alleviate the burden of the populace in practicing name avoidance. For example, Emperor Xuan of Han, whose given name Bingyi (病已) contained two very common characters, changed his name to Xun (詢), a far less common character, with the stated purpose of making it easier for his people to avoid using his name. Similarly, Emperor Taizong of Tang, whose given name Shimin (世民) also contained two very common characters, ordered that name avoidance only required the avoidance of the characters Shi and Min in direct succession and that it did not require the avoidance of those characters in isolation.\n\nHowever, Emperor Taizong's son Emperor Gaozong of Tang effectively made this edict ineffective after his death, by requiring the complete avoidance of the characters Shi and Min, necessitating the chancellor Li Shiji to change his name to Li Ji. In later dynasties, princes were frequently given names that contained uncommon characters to make it easier for the public to avoid them, should they become emperor later in life.\n\nDuring the rule of the Ming Emperor of Han (Liu Zhuang), whose personal name was Zhuang, most people with surname Zhuang (莊) were ordered to change their names to its synonym Yan (). \n\nThe custom of naming taboo had a built-in contradiction: without knowing what the emperors' names were, one could hardly be expected to avoid them, thus somehow the emperors' names had to be informally transmitted to the populace to allow them to take cognizance of and thus avoid using said characters. In one famous incident in 435, during the Northern Wei Dynasty, Goguryeo ambassadors made a formal request that the imperial government issue them a document containing the emperors' names so that they could avoid offending the emperor while submitting their king's petition. Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei agreed and issued them such a document. However, the mechanism of how the regular populace would be able to learn the emperors' names remained generally unclear throughout Chinese history.\n\nThis taboo is important to keep in mind when studying ancient historical texts from the cultural sphere, as historical characters and/or locations may be renamed if they happen to share a name with the emperor in power (or previous emperors of the same dynasty) when the text was written. Thus, the study of naming taboos can also help date an ancient text.\n\nIn other countries \nJapan was also influenced by the naming taboo. In modern Japan, it concerns only the Emperor of Japan, whom people only refer to as Tennō Heika (; his Majesty the Emperor) or Kinjō Heika (; his current Majesty). Historically, it was considered very rude to call someone else's real name, even if it was the lord calling his vassals. Calling someone else's real name was equivalent to picking a fight. Titles or pseudonyms were often used when calling others in place of their real names. However, this does not apply to the Chinese characters in written names.\n\nIn Vietnam, the family name Hoàng (黃) was changed to Huỳnh in the South due to the naming taboo of Lord Nguyễn Hoàng's name. Similarly, the family name \"Vũ\" (武) is known as \"Võ\" in the South.\n\nSee also \n Imperial examination in Chinese mythology, example\n Names of God in Judaism, similar taboo\n Taboo against naming the dead, similar taboo in many cultures\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading \n陳垣 (Chen Yuan),《史諱舉例》 (Examples of Taboos in History) - the pioneering work in the field, written during the early 20th century, numerous editions\n\nChinese culture\nNaming\nTaboo\nEast Asian traditions" ]

[ "Neil Simon", "Characters", "who were the characters?", "Simon's characters are typically portrayed as \"imperfect, unheroic figures who are at heart decent human beings\",", "what were the names of the characters?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Tottles was a character from Lewis Carroll's novel Sylvie and Bruno Concluded (1893), the second volume following on from Sylvie and Bruno (1889). It includes a stanza on What Tottles Meant in Chapter 13.\n\nTottles the Bear, with a name derived from the Lewis Carroll character, is a fictional bear who features in children's stories. He was originated by Humphry Bowen. He has a girlfriend called Tutu and a best friend called Tuttles.\n\nA book by Gina Hughes entitled Tommy Tottlebears Days Before Christmas was published in 2000.\n\nSee also\n\n Tootles, one of the lost boys in Peter Pan by J. M. Barrie (1904)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Chapter 13: What Tottles Meant\n Full text from Archive.org\n\nLiterary characters introduced in 1893\nChildren's short stories\nBears in literature\nFictional bears\nCharacters in children's literature\nLewis Carroll characters", "Pizzaboy or Pizza Boy or variation, may refer to:\n\nPeople\n pizza delivery boy\n Sal Rinauro (pro-wrestler), who wrestled under the ringname \"Pizza Boy\"\n\nFictional characters\n Pizzaboy, a character from the Portuguese comic book The Adventures of Dog Mendonça & Pizzaboy\n Pizza Boy, a character from the webseries Home at Last (web series)\n The Pizza Boy, a character form the British children's stop-motion show Roary the Racing Car\n Pizza Boy (aka Marky), a character from the British soap opera EastEnders, see List of EastEnders characters (2018)\n\nFilm and television\n Pizza Boy (TV episode) 2017 season 1 episode 2 of Room 104\n The Pizza Boy (TV episode) 2002 number 26 season 2 episode 4 of According to Jim, see List of According to Jim episodes\n Pizza Boy (animated short) 1996 animated short film from the anthology series What a Cartoon!\n\nMusic\n Pizza Boy (2012 song), hiphop song from the 2012 mixtape London Boy\n Pizza Boy (2008 song), comedic song with David Cross from the album Awesome Record, Great Songs! Volume One\n Pizza Boy (2007 song), a song by Jim Bob off the album A Humpty Dumpty Thing\n\nOther uses\n Pizza Boy, a fictional pizzeria from Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, see List of Grand Theft Auto: Vice City characters\n\nSee also\n\n \n \n \n \n Pizzaman (disambiguation)\n Pizza Guy (disambiguation)\n Pizza (disambiguation)\n Boy (disambiguation)" ]

[ "Neil Simon", "Characters", "who were the characters?", "Simon's characters are typically portrayed as \"imperfect, unheroic figures who are at heart decent human beings\",", "what were the names of the characters?", "I don't know.", "what were the characters from?", "his characters are usually plausible and easy for audiences to identify with and laugh at." ]

[ "Manant or ManAnt or variation, may refer to:\n\nCharacters\n ManAnt (character), a fictional character from The Aquabats! Super Show!; see List of The Aquabats! Super Show! characters\n Manant, a fictional character from 2011 Indian TV drama Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?\n Manant, a fictional character from 2001 French-Algerian film Inch'Allah Dimanche\n\nOther uses\n \"ManAnt!\" (TV episode), 2012 animated episode of The Aquabats! Super Show!; see List of The Aquabats! Super Show! episodes\n\nSee also\n\n Antman (disambiguation), including ant-man\n Man (disambiguation)\n Ant (disambiguation)", "The depiction of LGBTQ characters in animated series in the 2000s changed significantly from the previous decade. In 1999, Simpsons and The Critic producer Mike Reiss who hoped to do something \"good for the gay audience\" produced Queer Duck, the first animated TV series with homosexuality as a predominant theme. The show became relatively influential after premiering online on Icebox.com, then later shown on Showtime starting in 2000, and was received well by some in the LGBTQ community. While LGBTQ characters appeared in shows such as The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy, Red vs. Blue, and The Boondocks, the ongoing show, American Dad, which premiered in 2005, had a LGBTQ character as a protagonist, Roger. While the gay news anchors Greg Corbin and Terry Bates were recurring characters in the show, Roger, a space alien who lives with the Smith family, has an ambiguous sexuality.\n\nFor a further understanding of how these LGBTQ characters fit into the overall history of animation, please read the History of LGBTQ characters in animated series: 2000s page.\n\n2000–04 \n\nThe number of animated series with LGBT characters increased from the previous decade. In 2000, Queer Duck premiered, with by Simpsons and The Critic producer Mike Reiss hoping it would do something \"good for the gay audience,\" with the show becoming the first animated TV series to have homosexuality as a predominant theme. Apart from the aforementioned show, Braceface, Drawn Together, bro'Town, The Venture Bros. would include LGBTQ characters. In contrast, anime such as Descendants of Darkness, Gravitation, Inuyasha, Fruits Basket, Cheeky Angel, and Kino's Journey would all feature LGBTQ characters. The shows during this period set the stage for those to come in 2005 to 2009, the latter part of the decade.\n\n2005–09 \n\nThe number of animated series with LGBT characters, from 2005 to 2009, changed from those aired from 2000 to 2004, with the addition of various LGBTQ characters in Western animation. This included a space alien named Roger with an ambiguous sexuality in American Dad, various gay and lesbian characters in Rick & Steve: The Happiest Gay Couple in All the World and Moral Orel. Additionally, the animated series Lizzy the Lezzy, Superjail!, Sit Down, Shut Up, The Goode Family, The Cleveland Show, Archer included various LGBTQ characters in their stories. Even so, most of the LGBTQ characters still appeared in anime such as Paradise Kiss, My-Otome, Kashimashi: Girl Meets Girl, Simoun, Shattered Angels, Macross Frontier, Mnemosyne, Sweet Blue Flowers, and Whispered Words.\n\nReferences\n\nSee also\n List of yuri anime and manga\n List of LGBT-related films by year\n List of animated films with LGBT characters.\n\nLGBT\n2000s-related lists\nAnimated\nLGBT 2000s\n 2000s\n 2000s" ]

[ "Neil Simon", "Characters", "who were the characters?", "Simon's characters are typically portrayed as \"imperfect, unheroic figures who are at heart decent human beings\",", "what were the names of the characters?", "I don't know.", "what were the characters from?", "his characters are usually plausible and easy for audiences to identify with and laugh at.", "were these characters from a tv show?", "Many of Simon's most memorable plays" ]

[ "Lesley Storm was the pen-name of Mabel Cowie (1898–1975), also known by her married name of Mabel Clark.\n\nShe was a Scottish writer, who wrote a number of plays, some of which were filmed. Black Chiffon and Roar Like a Dove were major hits. She also wrote several screenplays, including The Heart of the Matter (1953), based on the novel by Graham Greene, and The Spanish Gardener, based on the 1950 novel of the same name by A.J. Cronin.\n\nShe wrote some novels, the best known was Lady, What of Life? (Cassell, 1928). It depicted London social life in transition from Victorian to modern times.\n\nSelected filmography\n East of Piccadilly (1940)\n Banana Ridge (1942)\n Unpublished Story (1942)\n Alibi (1942)\n Flight from Folly (1945)\n Meet Me at Dawn (1947)\n White Cradle Inn (1947)\n The Fallen Idol (1948)\n Adam and Evelyne (1949)\n Golden Salamander (1950)\n The Ringer (1952)\n Personal Affair (1953)\n The Heart of the Matter (1953)\n The Spanish Gardener (1956)\n\nSelected plays\n Tony Draws a Horse (1938)\n Heart of the City (1942)\n Great Day (1945)\n Black Chiffon (1949)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nPlays by Lesley Storm (includes premiere details and synopses)\n\n1975 deaths\n1898 births\nScottish women dramatists and playwrights\n20th-century Scottish dramatists and playwrights\n20th-century British women writers\n20th-century Scottish women", "Reza Kamal (1898 – 11 September 1937), better known by the pseudonym Shahrzad or Scheherazade, was an Iranian dramatist and playwright. He was born in Tehran, Iran. From his childhood he liked One Thousand and One Nights and its storyteller Scheherazade and was to choose Shahrzad as his nickname years later. He studied French language and literature in École Saint-Louis in Tehran. An interest in French literature resulted in his translating some French plays into Persian during those years and then he started to adapt plays, to write some original plays and to direct some of his own plays. Since he lived under a very repressive government with a very restrictive censorship, he usually used historical and mythical characters and stories to talk about his times. An important characteristic of his plays was using female characters as his main characters. He committed suicide on 11 September 1937, the same year as several friends' suicides in what is said to have been a suicide pact.\n\nSome of his plays \n Parichehr and Parizad operetta (1920)\n Zoroaster (1920)\n Doctor Has Come Back (1924)\n Alabaster Statues (1929)\n Thousand and First Night \n Queen for One Night (1932)\n\nReferences\n\nIranian dramatists and playwrights\n1898 births\n1937 deaths\n20th-century dramatists and playwrights\n1937 suicides\nSuicides in Iran" ]

[ "Neil Simon", "Characters", "who were the characters?", "Simon's characters are typically portrayed as \"imperfect, unheroic figures who are at heart decent human beings\",", "what were the names of the characters?", "I don't know.", "what were the characters from?", "his characters are usually plausible and easy for audiences to identify with and laugh at.", "were these characters from a tv show?", "Many of Simon's most memorable plays", "what were some of his plays?", "Star Spangled Girl" ]

[ "The 49th Primetime Emmy Awards were held at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena, California in 1997. They were presented in two ceremonies hosted by Bryant Gumbel, one on Saturday, September 13 and another on Sunday, September 14. The September 14th ceremony was televised on CBS.\n\nFrasier became the first series to win Outstanding Comedy Series four consecutive years, it joined Hill Street Blues which won Outstanding Drama Series four straight years a decade earlier. For the first time since 1979, James Burrows did not receive a Directing nomination, ending his run at 17 consecutive years. Beginning the following year, Burrows would begin a new streak that lasted another six years. In the drama field perennial nominee Law & Order won for its seventh season, the first time a show had won for this specific season. In winning Law & Order became the first drama series that did not have serialized story arcs since Hill Street Blues perfected the formula. Law & Order remains the only non-serialized winner since 1981.\n\nFor the first time, not only did the Fox Network win the Lead Actress, Drama award, with Gillian Anderson, for The X-Files, but hers was also the network's first win in any of the Major Acting categories. (Laurence Fishburne and Peter Boyle won for Fox in only guest performances. The latter of which was for The X-Files just the year before.)\n\nThis ceremony marked the end of a 20-year residency for the Primetime Emmy Awards at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium dating back to the 29th Primetime Emmy Awards in 1977 ceremony.\n\nThis is the most recent year in which the Big Four Networks (ABC, CBS, FOX, and NBC) took home the top 14 Emmys (Comedy and Drama Series, Actor, Actress, Supporting Actor, Supporting Actress in Comedy and Drama, and Directing and Writing for Comedy and Drama).\n\nThe Larry Sanders Show had 16 nominations and zero wins, tying the record with Northern Exposure in 1993 and becoming the first (and only to date) comedy series to set the record. These records with later be broken by Mad Men in 2012 with 17 nominations and without a single win and The Handmaid's Tale in 2021 with 21 nominations and without a single win.\n\nWinners and nominees\n\nPrograms\n\nActing\n\nLead performances\n\nSupporting performances\n\nGuest performances\n\nDirecting\n\nWriting\n\nMost major nominations\nBy network \n NBC – 50\n HBO – 41\n CBS – 21\n ABC – 19\n\nBy program\n ER (NBC) – 14\n The Larry Sanders Show (HBO) – 12\n NYPD Blue (ABC) – 8\n Seinfeld (NBC) – 7\n Chicago Hope (CBS) / Frasier (NBC) / Mad About You (NBC) / Miss Evers' Boys (HBO) – 6\n\nMost major awards\nBy network \n NBC – 11\n HBO – 7\n ABC – 6\n CBS – 2\n PBS – 2\n\nBy program\n NYPD Blue (ABC) – 4\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Emmys.com list of 1997 Nominees & Winners\n \n\n049\nPrimetime Emmy Awards\n1997 in California\nEvents in Pasadena, California\nSeptember 1997 events in the United States\n20th century in Pasadena, California", "The Wire is an American crime drama television series created by David Simon and broadcast by the cable network HBO. It premiered on June 2, 2002, and ended on March 9, 2008, comprising sixty episodes over five seasons. Set in Baltimore, Maryland, The Wire follows different institutions within the city, such as the illegal drug trade, the education system, and the media, and their relationships to law enforcement. The series features a diverse ensemble cast of both veteran and novice actors; the large number of black actors was considered groundbreaking for the time.\n\nThe Wire has been widely hailed as one of the greatest television series of all time. Despite the critical acclaim, however, the show received relatively few awards during its run. It was nominated for only two Primetime Emmy Awards – both for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series – and did not win any. Many have called its lack of recognition, especially in the Outstanding Drama Series category, one of the biggest Emmys snubs ever. Some have argued the lack of recognition was due to the show's dense plots and a disconnect between the setting and Los Angeles-based voters.\n\nOutside of the Emmys, The Wire won a Writers Guild of America Award for Television: Dramatic Series in 2008, as well as a Directors Guild of America Award for the episode \"Transitions\" in 2009. It was thrice named one of the top television programs of the year by the American Film Institute and received a Peabody Award in 2004. The series was nominated for sixteen NAACP Image Awards but never won one. It was also nominated for ten Television Critics Association Awards, with its only win coming in 2008 for the group's Heritage Award.\n\nAwards and nominations\n\nNotes\n\nNominees for awards\n\nOther\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nAwards and nominations\nWire" ]

[ "Brown Eyed Girls", "Debut: Your Story and Leave Ms. Kim" ]

[ "Here's Your Hat What's Your Hurry is a collection of short stories by Elizabeth McCracken first published in 1993 by Random House. It was included on the American Library Association's \"List of Notable Books for 1994.\"\n\nStories\n It's Bad Luck to Die\n Some Have Entertained Angels, Unaware\n Here's Your Hat What's Your Hurry\n The Bar of Our Recent Unhappiness\n Mercedes Kane\n What We Know About the Lost Aztec Children\n June\n Secretary of State\n The Goings-On of the World\n\nReferences\n\n1993 short story collections\nSingle-writer short story collections\nAmerican short story collections\nEnglish-language novels", "\"The House Beyond Your Sky\" is a science fiction short story written in 2006 by American writer Benjamin Rosenbaum.\n\nThe story is about Matthias, a priest of an extremely ancient and highly advanced race of beings, who inhabit a cold and dying universe. Matthias maintains a library of virtual universes, including the one inhabited by humans. However, he has also begun to construct a new, real universe, attracting the attention of one of the most powerful members of his race. So, as he watches a sorrowful little girl with an abusive father in one of his virtual worlds, Matthias prepares for the arrival of this pilgrim, who has an interesting proposal.\n\n\"The House Beyond Your Sky\" was nominated for the 2007 Hugo Award for Best Short Story.\n\nExternal links\nThe House Beyond Your Sky at Strange Horizons\n\nScience fiction short stories\n2006 short stories\nWorks originally published in Strange Horizons\nDomestic violence in fiction" ]

[ "Brown Eyed Girls", "Debut: Your Story and Leave Ms. Kim", "What was it about Your Story That was interesting?", "the Brown Eyed Girls released their debut album Your Story in South Korea on March 2, 2006, with the ballad track, \"Come Closer\" as their single." ]

[ "\"Come a Little Closer\" is a song by the American country rock band The Desert Rose Band, which was released in 1991 as the second and final single from their first compilation album A Dozen Roses – Greatest Hits. It was written by Chris Hillman and Steve Hill, and produced by Ed Seay and Paul Worley.\n\n\"Come a Little Closer\" marked a continuation of the band's commercial decline on both the American and Canadian Country Singles Chart. Earlier in 1991, \"Will This Be the Day\" had entered the US Top 40, but \"Come a Little Closer\" was the band's first single not to reach the Top 40 in either America or Canada. It peaked at No. 65 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs Chart and No. 67 on the Canadian RPM Country Singles Chart.\n\nRelease\n\"Come a Little Closer\" was released by Curb Records in America and Canada only, on 7\" vinyl and as a one-track promotional CD. For release as a single, the album version of \"Come a Little Closer\" was edited and reduced by almost a minute in duration. It was dubbed the \"Edited Version\". The B-side on the 7\" vinyl, \"Everybody's Hero\", was taken from the band's Pages of Life album.\n\nPromotion\nNo music video was created to promote the single, however a live performance of the song would later be professionally filmed in Aspecta, Kumamoto, Japan, on October 18, 1992.\n\nCritical reception\nUpon release, Cash Box listed the single as one of their \"feature picks\" during May 1991. They commented: \"What a band, what a sound, what a song! The Desert Rose Band has successfully managed to create its own recognizable sound, and with its latest release, the sound undoubtedly sparks a best yet! With a driving hit-n-go pulse and a plead-of-love theme, the band delivers an unusual \"live\" approach with \"Come a Little Closer\". In addition to an expected fire-tinged harmony blend, this spicy number lends time for a commanding instrumental performance.\" In a review of True Love, they said the song had a \"traditional country sound with a modern day attitude\". Billboard commented: \"Desert Rose Band leans in the direction of pop/rock with this crisply sung number. Rock guitar licks are showered throughout.\"\n\nIn a review of A Dozen Roses – Greatest Hits, CD Review said: \"\"Come a Little Closer\" ranks as one of Hillman and Hill's best compositions. Crafty and commercial, the Desert Rose Band offers a seamless blend of country and rock styles...\" Randy Lewis of the Los Angeles Times described the song as a \"driving rocker\", but added \"\"Come a Little Closer,\" teeters too close to rock cliche for comfort, something this group avoids for the most part.\" The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel described the track as a \"country rock/reggae fusion tune.\" The Fresno Bee, said of the compilation album: \"The best of the bunch on this collection are \"Come a Little Closer\" and \"Price I Pay\".\"\n\nTrack listing\n7\" Single\n\"Come a Little Closer\" - 3:10\n\"Everybody's Hero\" - 3:17\n\nCD Single (American promo)\n\"Come a Little Closer\" - 3:10\n\nChart performance\n\nPersonnel \nThe Desert Rose Band\n Chris Hillman - Lead vocals, acoustic guitar\n Herb Pedersen - Acoustic guitar, backing vocals\n John Jorgenson - Lead guitar, backing vocals\n Bill Bryson - Bass guitar\n Steve Duncan - Drums\n Tom Brumley - Pedal steel guitar\n\nAdditional personnel\n Paul Worley, Ed Seay - producers\n\nReferences\n\n1991 singles\nThe Desert Rose Band songs\nCurb Records singles\nSongs written by Chris Hillman\nSong recordings produced by Paul Worley\n1991 songs", "\"Closer than Close\" is a 1986 R&B ballad by former Norman Connors vocalist, Jean Carne. The single was a number-one hit on the U.S. R&B chart for two weeks. \"Closer than Close\" was written by Terry Price and Brandi Wells and produced by Grover Washington Jr.\n\nReferences\n\n1986 singles\n1986 songs\nJean Carn songs\nContemporary R&B ballads" ]

[ "Brown Eyed Girls", "Debut: Your Story and Leave Ms. Kim", "What was it about Your Story That was interesting?", "the Brown Eyed Girls released their debut album Your Story in South Korea on March 2, 2006, with the ballad track, \"Come Closer\" as their single.", "Was Come closer a hit single?", "The album was well received by critics but did not do as well as expected commercially." ]

[ "Ms. G.O.A.T., an acronym for \"Greatest Of All Time\", is the debut mixtape by American rapper Lil' Kim. It was officially released on June 3, 2008 and was produced by Mister Cee and DJ Whoo Kid, DJs from New York City. The title references the 2000 album G.O.A.T. by American rapper LL Cool J.\n\nBackground\nAfter claiming the desire to possess creative control and a subsequent departure from her previous major record label, Atlantic, Lil Kim began working on Ms. G.O.A.T. in October 2006. This also marked her first musical endeavor since her incarceration, and she was released in July 2006.\n\nLil Kim had never made a mix tape before, and in an MTV interview, she stated \"I always wanted to do a mixtape... I used to see how 50 (Cent) used to do it so hard... Damn, it's not a lot of girls doing it.\" Ms. G.O.A.T. was her first independent release. Prior to the album's release, \"Chillin' Tonight\" received airplay on the radio. The album showcased new songs from Lil Kim, as well as several remixes she was working on. There are skits intermittently, and the album features collaborations with 50 Cent, Maino, a Brooklyn based rapper and Britney Spears, as well as several other Hip Hop stars. Lil' Kim also retaliates to Remy Ma on the track \"I Get It\", as part of a continuation of rivalry, and she pays homage to her heroes Lauryn Hill and MC Lyte through samples or thematics of \"Mis-Education of Lil' Kim\", which features the beat of \"Lost Ones\", a song off of The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill, and \"Hood News\", respectively.\n\nLil' Kim performed the song \"Chillin' Tonight\" on a 2007 comedy-drama, The Game, in the episode Media Blitz, which she also starred in as herself. As part of promotion, Lil' Kim offered signed copies of Ms. G.O.A.T. in a contest, where fans would submit requests on who they would like to see her work with, as well as why she is the \"Greatest of All Time\".\n\nReviews\nAmong critics, the mixtape has received generally positive reviews. It has been called a representation of Lil' Kim's return to the streets. Tito Salinas of All Hip Hop says \"Lil' Kim shows that her time behind bars didn't rust all of her swag away\" on Ms. G.O.A.T. On the other hand, Ehren Gresehover of New York Mag says that although one of the tracks \"The Miseducation of Lil' Kim\" is not bad, he wished that it was Lauryn Hill who was making a comeback instead.\n\nTrack listing\n\nReferences\n\nSources\n\n.\n\nLil' Kim albums\n2008 mixtape albums", "The 1998 Ms. Olympia contest was an IFBB professional bodybuilding competition held October 2, 1999, in Secaucus, New Jersey, alongside the 1999 Women's Pro Extravaganza. It was the 20th Ms. Olympia competition held.\n\nPrizes\n 1st $25,000\n 2nd $10,000\n 3rd $7,000\n 4th $4,000\n 5th $3,000\n 6th $1,000\nTotal: $50,000\n\nCompetitors weight\n Lesa Lewis - \n Yaxeni Oriquen-Garcia - \n Brenda Raganot - \n Tazzie Colomb - \n Kim Chizevsky-Nicholls - \n Iris Kyle - \n Laura Binetti- \n Vickie Gates - \n Valentina Chepiga - \n Laura Creavalle - \n Andrulla Blanchette - \n Gayle Moher -\n\nPre-judging\n\nSymmetry round\nIn this round the judges are looking for the overall muscle balance; that the proportion of muscle is distributed evenly over the bodybuilder's frame.\n\n Brenda Ragonot, Laura Binetti, Andrulla Blanchette, Vickie Gates, Laura Creavalle, Tazzie Colomb, Valentina Chepiga, Gayle Moher, Yaxeni Oriquen, Lesa Lewis, Iris Kyle, Kim Chizevsky\n Kim Chizevsky, Iris Kyle, Lesa Lewis, Yaxeni Oriquen, Gayle Moher, Valentina Chepiga, Tazzie Colomb, Laura Creavalle, Vickie Gates, Andrlla Blanchette, Laura Binetti, and Brenda Ragonot\n\nResults\n 1st - Kim Chizevsky-Nicholls\n 2nd - Vickie Gates\n 3rd - Laura Creavalle\n 4th - Iris Kyle\n 5th - Lesa Lewis\n 6th - Tazzie Colomb\n 7th - Andrulla Blanchette\n 8th - Laura Binetti\n 9th - Brenda Raganot\n 10th - Yaxeni Oriquen-Garcia\n 11th - Gayle Moher\n 12th - Valentina Chepiga\n\nScorecard\n\nAttended\n12th Ms. Olympia attended - Laura Creavalle\n6th Ms. Olympia attended - Kim Chizevsky-Nicholls\n5th Ms. Olympia attended - Laura Binetti\n4th Ms. Olympia attended - Vickie Gates\n3rd Ms. Olympia attended - Lesa Lewis, Gayle Moher, and Andrulla Blanchette\n2nd Ms. Olympia attended - Tazzie Colomb, Valentina Chepiga, and Yaxeni Oriquen-Garcia\n1st Ms. Olympia attended - Iris Kyle and Brenda Raganot\nPrevious year Olympia attendees who did not attend - Dayana Cadeau, Yolanda Hughes, Chris Bongiovanni, Zdenka Turda, Jacqueline De Gennaro, Jitka Harazimova, Beate Drabing, and Sipka Berska\n\nNotable Events\nThis was Kim Chizevsky's 4th overall and consecutive Olympia win. This was also Kim's last Olympia before she retired from bodybuilding.\nThis was Iris Kyle's first Olympia she attended.\n\n1999 Ms. Olympia controversy \nThe 1999 Ms. Olympia was originally scheduled to be held on 9 October in Santa Monica, California. However, one month before the scheduled date, the IFBB announced that the contest had been cancelled. The main cause was the withdrawal of promoter Jarka Kastnerova (who promoted the 1998 contest in Prague) for financial reasons, including a low number of advance ticket sales for the 1999 event. The backlash following the announcement led to a flurry of activity, with the contest being rescheduled as part of the Women's Extravaganza (promoted by Kenny Kassel and Bob Bonham) in Secaucus, New Jersey, on 2 October. Last minute sponsorship came from several sources, most significantly in the form of $50,000 from Flex magazine.\n\nSee also\n Women's Pro Extravaganza\n 1999 Mr. Olympia\n\nReferences\n\n 1999 Ms. Olympia held in Secaucus, New Jersey on October 2nd\n 1999 Ms Olympia Results\n\nExternal links\n Competitor History of the Ms. Olympia\n\nMs Olympia, 1999\n1999 in bodybuilding\nMs. Olympia\nMs. Olympia\nHistory of female bodybuilding" ]

[ "Brown Eyed Girls", "Debut: Your Story and Leave Ms. Kim", "What was it about Your Story That was interesting?", "the Brown Eyed Girls released their debut album Your Story in South Korea on March 2, 2006, with the ballad track, \"Come Closer\" as their single.", "Was Come closer a hit single?", "The album was well received by critics but did not do as well as expected commercially.", "Was Leave Ms. Kim another album?", "After a short break, the group went back into the studio to work on their second album Leave Ms. Kim (ddeonara miseugim)," ]

[ "\"House of Salome\" is the third and final single from the Kim Wilde album Catch as Catch Can.\n\nIt was not released in the UK, but was issued in several other European countries, though did not meet with success. The single would mark her last original release with RAK Records. It features Gary Barnacle on saxophone and flute.\n\n\"House of Salome\" is also one of only two commercially released Kim Wilde singles not to be issued in any country on the 12\" format (the other being \"Water on Glass\").\n\nSong\nThe track is strong with a driving beat and intense lyrics. It deals with a mysterious figure by the name of Salome.\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nKim Wilde songs\n1983 songs\nSongs written by Marty Wilde\nSongs written by Ricky Wilde\nRAK Records singles", "\"Magic Stick\" is a song performed by American hip hop recording artist Lil' Kim, released on April 8, 2003, as the second single from her third studio album La Bella Mafia (2003). The song features fellow American rapper 50 Cent and was produced by Carlos \"Fantom of the Beat\" Evans. Despite not having a physical release or music video, the song performed well on the charts, peaking at number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100.\n\nBackground\nThe song samples \"It Be's That Way Sometimes\" by Joe Simon. The song was originally intended for 50 Cent's album Get Rich or Die Tryin' and featured rapper Trina. After Trina sent her verse back to 50 Cent, he decided that she wasn't suited well for the song. 50 Cent then sent the song to Lil' Kim. Lil' Kim failed to send the song back to 50 Cent in time to make the deadline for his record, so he let her use it for La Bella Mafia. A sequel to \"Magic Stick\", titled \"Wanna Lick (Magic Stick, Pt. 2)\", was recorded by the pair and released on Lil' Kim's 2008 mixtape Ms. G.O.A.T.\n\nThe song is featured in the films King's Ransom and Now You See Me 2 and the animated series The Cleveland Show episode Brown Magic.\n\nChart performance\nThe song debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 on April 26, 2003 at number 75 peaking at number two behind Beyoncé and Jay-Z's \"Crazy in Love\". A video was scheduled to be shot, but problems between Lil' Kim and 50 Cent caused the shoot to be canceled. The song did, however, receive massive radio airplay, peaking at number one on the airplay chart. It spent a total of 24 weeks on the Hot 100. It became Kim's 2nd highest charting single as a lead artist and her second highest overall, behind \"Lady Marmalade\". It also became 50 Cent's second overall top-ten and top-three single.\n\nLive performance\nLil' Kim performed the song in 2011 at the latter's show in Australia.\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nCertifications\n\nReferences \n\n2003 singles\nLil' Kim songs\n50 Cent songs\nSongs written by 50 Cent\nDirty rap songs\nSongs written by Lil' Kim\n2002 songs\nAtlantic Records singles\nAftermath Entertainment singles" ]

[ "Brown Eyed Girls", "Debut: Your Story and Leave Ms. Kim", "What was it about Your Story That was interesting?", "the Brown Eyed Girls released their debut album Your Story in South Korea on March 2, 2006, with the ballad track, \"Come Closer\" as their single.", "Was Come closer a hit single?", "The album was well received by critics but did not do as well as expected commercially.", "Was Leave Ms. Kim another album?", "After a short break, the group went back into the studio to work on their second album Leave Ms. Kim (ddeonara miseugim),", "did Leave Ms. Kim have any singles released?", "which included their R&B title track \"You Got Me Fooled\" (neoege sogassda). Subsequent singles were \"Oasis" ]

[ "(, also being the Italian title for Rebel Without a Cause) is the debut studio album by Italian singer-songwriter Mahmood. The album was released on Island Records on 22 February 2019. The album peaked at number one on the Italian Albums Chart. The album includes the singles \"Uramaki\", \"Milano Good Vibes\", \"\", \"\" and \"\". was first released as an extended play on 21 September 2018.\n\nSingles\n\"Uramaki\" was released as the lead single from the album on 27 April 2018. The song peaked at number 86 on the Italian Singles Chart. \"Milano Good Vibes\" was released as the second single from the album on 31 August 2018. \"Asia occidente\" was released as the third single from the album on 26 October 2018. \"\" was released as the fourth single from the album on 7 December 2018. The song peaked at number 40 on the Italian Singles Chart.\n\n\"\" was released as the fifth and final single from the album on 6 February 2019. The song peaked at number 1 on the Italian Singles Chart, becoming his first number one single in any country. The song won the 69th Sanremo Musical Festival and represented Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 in Tel Aviv, Israel, where it reached second place.\n\nTrack listing\n\nCharts\n\nAlbum\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nExtended play\n\nCertifications\n\nRelease history\n\nReferences\n\n2019 debut albums", "English electronic music duo Disclosure has released three studio albums, eight extended plays, six DJ mixes, 24 singles and six promotional singles.\n\nTheir debut studio album, Settle, was released in June 2013, peaking at number one on the UK Albums Chart. The duo scored their first UK hit in October 2012 with \"Latch\", featuring vocals from English singer Sam Smith. The song peaked at number 11 on the UK Singles Chart. \"White Noise\" was released as the second single from the album in February 2013, reaching number two on the UK Singles Chart. \"You & Me\" was released as the third single from the album in April 2013, peaking at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart. \"F for You\" was released as the fourth single from the album in August 2013. The single was re-released in February 2014 with Mary J. Blige providing guest vocals. \"Help Me Lose My Mind\" was released as the album's fifth single in October 2013. \"Voices\" was released as the album's sixth single on in December 2013.\n\nThe duo's second studio album, Caracal, was released in September 2015. \"Bang That\" was released as a promotional single in May 2015; however, the song appears on the deluxe edition of the album instead of the standard edition. \"Holding On\", featuring American jazz musician Gregory Porter, was released as the album's lead single. The song peaked at number 46 in the UK Singles Chart. Disclosure's second collaboration with Smith, \"Omen\", was released as the second single from the album in July 2015, reaching number 13 on the UK Singles Chart.\n\nAlbums\n\nStudio albums\n\nRemix albums\n\nExtended plays\n\nDJ mixes\n\nSingles\n\nPromotional singles\n\nOther charted songs\n\nRemixes\n\nSongwriting and production credits\n\nOther tracks\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nDiscographies of British artists\nElectronic music discographies\nHouse music discographies" ]

[ "Brown Eyed Girls", "Debut: Your Story and Leave Ms. Kim", "What was it about Your Story That was interesting?", "the Brown Eyed Girls released their debut album Your Story in South Korea on March 2, 2006, with the ballad track, \"Come Closer\" as their single.", "Was Come closer a hit single?", "The album was well received by critics but did not do as well as expected commercially.", "Was Leave Ms. Kim another album?", "After a short break, the group went back into the studio to work on their second album Leave Ms. Kim (ddeonara miseugim),", "did Leave Ms. Kim have any singles released?", "which included their R&B title track \"You Got Me Fooled\" (neoege sogassda). Subsequent singles were \"Oasis", "Was there any other singles released from that album?", "and \"It's Mine\" (naeggeoya), a collaboration with fellow group SeeYa." ]

[ "The Show Must Go is Canadian pop rock group Hedley's third studio album and was released on November 17, 2009, in Canada. The album was successful, producing three top 20 singles, with \"Cha-Ching\" and \"Perfect\" both hitting the top 10. The album was later released in the US on December 7, 2010.\n\nTrack listing\n\nPersonnel\n\nCharts and certifications\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nCertifications\n\nRelease history\n\nTours\n\nThe Show Must Go... on the Road Tour\n\nHedley announced a tour across Canada in support of the album. Fefe Dobson and Stereos were supporting acts for the entire tour, while Boys Like Girls supported the dates from March 28 to April 10, and Faber Drive supported the other eight dates. A live album called Go With the Show was released in a CD/DVD pack on November 9, 2010. The CD contains tracks from the three final destinations of the tour, as well as a documentary and bonus features on the DVD.\n\nA second leg was announced on May 25, 2010. The opening acts touring with the band are San Sebastian, These Kids Wear Crowns, and Lights.\n\nSetlist\n \"Cha-Ching\"\n \"On My Own\"\n \"Shelter\"\n \"She's So Sorry\"\n \"Perfect\"\n \"Old School\"\n \"Amazing\"\n \"Saturday\"\n \"Gunnin'\"\n \"Don't Talk to Strangers\"\n \"Friends\"\n \"Beautiful\"\n \"321\"\n \"Never Too Late\"\nEncore:\n \"For the Nights I Can't Remember\"\n \"Trip\"\n\nTour dates\n\nReferences\n\n2009 albums\nHedley (band) albums\nUniversal Music Canada albums\nIsland Records albums\nAlbums produced by John Feldmann", "Recorded live at the Warfield Theater in San Francisco, California on May 31, 2003, this video features the Trey Anastasio Band (TAB) with Carlos Santana sitting in for a number of covers and Anastasio originals. It was released under the name Live at the Warfield. It features the entire second set of the show, with Santana sitting in on every song. Each of the four songs in the second set segued into one another. In addition, a bonus track, \"The Way I Feel\", was taken from the first set of the show and also includes Santana sitting in. Santana also sat in for the song \"Last Tube\" during the first set, but that was not included on the DVD.\n\nHighlights include a 27-minute \"Mr. Completely\" and an experimental version of Duke Ellington's \"Caravan.\" Trey's main band, Phish, covered Caravan frequently between 1990 and 1996, after which time it was dropped from their repertoire. This was the first time that TAB had covered Caravan.\n\nAll proceeds from the sale of the DVDs of this show were distributed to the Waterwheel Foundation and the Milagro Foundation.\n\nThis show was part of the brief tour TAB did in between Phish's winter and summer tours in 2003. Other guests during this tour included Mike Gordon and Warren Hayes. This show was also one of the few times during this tour that Trey did not perform any solo acoustic songs. For the encore, TAB played \"Root Down\" by the Beastie Boys for the first time. Santana did not sit in for the song.\n\nIn the summer of 1992, Phish was the opening act for Santana and the two often collaborated. In July 1996, Phish was booked as the opening act for Santana for three shows in Europe. Phish's opening set was rained out during the first of these shows, however Phish joined Santana for part of his headlining set later that night. Phish would also come on stage during Santana's set during the subsequent two shows, along with playing their own opening sets. Trey and Phish keyboardist Page Mcconnell sat in with Santana's band in April 1999 in San Francisco. The next time any member of Phish and Santana collaborated was at the TAB show at the Warfield in 2003. This is also the last time they have collaborated.\n\nTrack listing\n Mr. Completely> - 27:00\n John The Revelator> - 8:22\n Night Speaks To A Woman> - 12:33\n Caravan - 4:43\n The Way I Feel - 3:02\n\nReferences \n\n2003 live albums\nTrey Anastasio albums\n2003 video albums\nCollaborative albums\nLive video albums\nSantana (band) live albums" ]

[ "Brown Eyed Girls", "Debut: Your Story and Leave Ms. Kim", "What was it about Your Story That was interesting?", "the Brown Eyed Girls released their debut album Your Story in South Korea on March 2, 2006, with the ballad track, \"Come Closer\" as their single.", "Was Come closer a hit single?", "The album was well received by critics but did not do as well as expected commercially.", "Was Leave Ms. Kim another album?", "After a short break, the group went back into the studio to work on their second album Leave Ms. Kim (ddeonara miseugim),", "did Leave Ms. Kim have any singles released?", "which included their R&B title track \"You Got Me Fooled\" (neoege sogassda). Subsequent singles were \"Oasis", "Was there any other singles released from that album?", "and \"It's Mine\" (naeggeoya), a collaboration with fellow group SeeYa.", "did they go on tour with any of these two albums?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "\"May you live in interesting times\" is an English expression that is claimed to be a translation of a traditional Chinese curse. While seemingly a blessing, the expression is normally used ironically; life is better in \"uninteresting times\" of peace and tranquility than in \"interesting\" ones, which are usually times of trouble.\n\nDespite being so common in English as to be known as the \"Chinese curse\", the saying is apocryphal, and no actual Chinese source has ever been produced. The most likely connection to Chinese culture may be deduced from analysis of the late-19th-century speeches of Joseph Chamberlain, probably erroneously transmitted and revised through his son Austen Chamberlain.\n\nOrigins\nDespite being widely attributed as a Chinese curse, there is no known equivalent expression in Chinese. The nearest related Chinese expression translates as \"Better to be a dog in times of tranquility than a human in times of chaos.\" () The expression originates from Volume 3 of the 1627 short story collection by Feng Menglong, Stories to Awaken the World.\n\nEvidence that the phrase was in use as early as 1936 is provided in a memoir written by Hughe Knatchbull-Hugessen, the British Ambassador to China in 1936 and 1937, and published in 1949. He mentions that before he left England for China in 1936, a friend told him of a Chinese curse, \"May you live in interesting times.\"\n\nThe phrase is again described as a \"Chinese curse\" in an article published in Child Study: A Journal of Parent Education in 1943.\n\nFrederic René Coudert Jr. also recounts having heard the phrase at the time:\n\nSome years ago, in 1936, I had to write to a very dear and honoured friend of mine, who has since died, Sir Austen Chamberlain, brother of the present Prime Minister, and I concluded my letter with a rather banal remark \"that we were living in an interesting age\". Evidently he read the whole letter, because by return mail he wrote to me and concluded as follows: \"Many years ago I learned from one of our diplomats in China that one of the principal Chinese curses heaped upon an enemy is, 'May you live in an interesting age. \"Surely\", he said, \"no age has been more fraught with insecurity than our own present time.\" That was three years ago.\n\n\"Chamberlain curse\" theory\nResearch by philologist Garson O'Toole shows a probable origin in the mind of Austen Chamberlain's father Joseph Chamberlain dating around the late-19th and early 20th centuries. Specifically, O'Toole cites the following statement Joseph made during a speech in 1898:\n\nI think that you will all agree that we are living in most interesting times. (Hear, hear.) I never remember myself a time in which our history was so full, in which day by day brought us new objects of interest, and, let me say also, new objects for anxiety. (Hear, hear.) [emphasis added]\n\nOver time, the Chamberlain family may have come to believe that the elder Chamberlain had not used his own phrase, but had repeated a phrase from Chinese.\n\n\"U-Turn\" by Eric Frank Russell \nThe supposed curse was described in a science-fiction story titled \"U-Turn\", credited to \"Duncan Munro\", in the April 1950 issue of Astounding Science Fiction. The text from the story is as follows:\n\nFor centuries the Chinese used an ancient curse: \"May you live in interesting times!\" It isn't a curse any more. It's a blessing. We're scientific and civilized. We've got so many rights and liberties and freedoms that one can yearn for chains for the sheer pleasure of busting them and shaking them off. Reckon life would be more livable if there were any chains left to bust.\n\n\"Duncan Munro\" was a pseudonym of Eric Frank Russell, Over the years since this has led many people to believe, almost certainly incorrectly, that Russell originated the myth.\n\nSee also\nChinese word for \"crisis\"\nInteresting Times, a Terry Pratchett novel\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n \n\nEnglish words and phrases\nUrban legends\nChinese folklore\nChinese words and phrases\nFakelore" ]

[ "Brown Eyed Girls", "Debut: Your Story and Leave Ms. Kim", "What was it about Your Story That was interesting?", "the Brown Eyed Girls released their debut album Your Story in South Korea on March 2, 2006, with the ballad track, \"Come Closer\" as their single.", "Was Come closer a hit single?", "The album was well received by critics but did not do as well as expected commercially.", "Was Leave Ms. Kim another album?", "After a short break, the group went back into the studio to work on their second album Leave Ms. Kim (ddeonara miseugim),", "did Leave Ms. Kim have any singles released?", "which included their R&B title track \"You Got Me Fooled\" (neoege sogassda). Subsequent singles were \"Oasis", "Was there any other singles released from that album?", "and \"It's Mine\" (naeggeoya), a collaboration with fellow group SeeYa.", "did they go on tour with any of these two albums?", "I don't know.", "is there any interesting fact that you found interesting in this article?", "The first two albums contained typical R&B ballads which had been very popular in the K-pop scene. However, the commercial success was relatively higher" ]

[ "1,227 QI Facts To Blow Your Socks Off is the sixth in a series of books based on the intellectual British panel game QI, written by series-creator John Lloyd, director of research John Mitchinson, and chief researcher James Harkin. Published on 1 November 2012 (9 September 2013 in the US), it is a trivia book containing 1,227 facts collected during the making of the series, which had been ten years in the making at the time of publication.\n\nPublication history\nLloyd said in an interview with The Daily Telegraph: \"This book is like a set of haiku. I think it's the best thing we've ever done. It has purity and simplicity.\"\n\nStructure\nThe book contains lists of facts, normally four per page. All the sources for the facts are listed online on the QI website. Other than Lloyd, Mitchinson and Harkin, credit for authorship is also given to QI researchers (also known as \"Elves\") Anne Miller, Andy Murray and Alex Bell.\n\nThe reason for the number of facts being 1,227, according to Lloyd and Mitchinson, was that they had originally planned to have 1,000 facts and when they wrote down the list containing all the facts that would go in the book, they discovered that they had gone past the number, to 1,227.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nQI homepage - List of sources\n US edition of 1,227 Quite Interesting Facts to Blow Your Socks Off\n\nBooks based on QI\nTrivia books\nBritish books\nBooks by John Lloyd (producer)\n2012 non-fiction books\nFaber and Faber books", "Attorney General v Edison Telephone Co of London Ltd (1880–81) LR 6 QBD 244 is an interesting English law case on the application of the old Telegraph Act 1869. It held that the monopoly of the Post Office under the statute extended to telephone companies.\n\nFacts\nThe Attorney General claimed the company, formed in 1879 to produce telephones according to two new patents, would be breaching the Postmaster General’s monopoly on the telegraph.\n\nJudgment\nStephen J and Pollock B gave judgment. They held the Act covered ‘communications by any wire and apparatus connected therewith used for telegraphic communication, or by any other apparatus for transmitting messages or other communications by means of electric signals’ (249) This meant that the telephone companies were subject to the licensing and monopoly provisions of the Act. It effectively allowed the Post Office to take over the businesses, which had acted without an authority.\n\nSee also\nUK enterprise law\nTelegraph Act 1868\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nUnited Kingdom administrative case law\n1880 in case law\n1880 in British law\nCourt of King's Bench (England) cases" ]

[ "Brown Eyed Girls", "Debut: Your Story and Leave Ms. Kim", "What was it about Your Story That was interesting?", "the Brown Eyed Girls released their debut album Your Story in South Korea on March 2, 2006, with the ballad track, \"Come Closer\" as their single.", "Was Come closer a hit single?", "The album was well received by critics but did not do as well as expected commercially.", "Was Leave Ms. Kim another album?", "After a short break, the group went back into the studio to work on their second album Leave Ms. Kim (ddeonara miseugim),", "did Leave Ms. Kim have any singles released?", "which included their R&B title track \"You Got Me Fooled\" (neoege sogassda). Subsequent singles were \"Oasis", "Was there any other singles released from that album?", "and \"It's Mine\" (naeggeoya), a collaboration with fellow group SeeYa.", "did they go on tour with any of these two albums?", "I don't know.", "is there any interesting fact that you found interesting in this article?", "The first two albums contained typical R&B ballads which had been very popular in the K-pop scene. However, the commercial success was relatively higher", "any other interesting facts?", "Moreover, the second album containing \"You Got Me Fooled\" (neoege sogassda) was released at nearly the same time as Wonder Girls' \"" ]

[ "Cookie Cutter is the fourth official studio album by recording artist Jim Bianco.\n\nReleased October 1, 2013, this album was created as a pledge sponsored gift for fans participating in Bianco's 2010 Kickstarter campaign. Over the course of the 45-day campaign, Bianco was able to raise $31,500 to launch the release of his 2011 album LOUDMOUTH. Bianco's campaign success was featured in an article by Shanna Schwarze at CNN.com.\nFans that pledged $500 or more to Bianco's Kickstarter campaign were given a questionnaire, which Bianco used to personalize a song about that person. \"Cookie Cutter\" is the result of this campaign gift, with proceeds of the sale given to charity benefiting veterans.\n\nBianco hosted a live concert performance at the Hudson Theater in Hollywood, CA in honor of the release on October 1, 2014. \nOn October 2, 2013, Audie Cornish of NPR’s All Things Considered featured Bianco and his process of creating Cookie Cutter.\n\nTrack listing\nAll songs written by Jim Bianco\n\"Apache\"–4:10\n\"Kilpatrick Man\"– 2:50\n\"California\"– 3:08\n\"BTO\" –5:28\n\"Jane\"–4:10\n\"Blue Subaru\"– 4:18\n\"Indiana Ballerina\"–3:17\n\"Hey Princess\"– 4:23\n\"Golden Rule\"– 4:04\n\"I’ll Be There for You\"–4:08\n\"Billy Baker\"– 4:03\n\"Miracle\"– 5:14\n\"Good to Have You Home\" –4:12\n\"Single Malt Scotch\"–2:48\n\"Breaking Your Heart\"– 4:04\n\"It’s Gonna Be OK\"–3:52\n\"That’s What She Said (Intro)\"–1:36\n\"That’s What She Said\"– 3:05\n\nPersonnel\nJames Babson\nJillian Bianco\nJim Bianco–lead vocals,\nMaureen Bianco\nStarla Coco Bolle\nLelia Broussard\nTim Davies\nPetra Haden\nRoger Hayden\nJordan Katz\nJulia Kole\nKevin Margulis\nCaesar Mattachiera\nAllie Moss\nSabriena Simon\nLenny Simon\nSarah Simon\nJon Svensong\n\nAdditional production information\nMixed by Nathanael Boone and Kenny Lyon\nMastered by D James Gordon\nAll introductions written by Jim Bianco and Sarah Simon\nProduced by Jim Bianco and Sarah Simon\n\nStudio information\nRecorded at Steady Studios. Additional tracking at Boulevard Recording.\n\nThe 69 Questions\n1) Your full name? \n2) Nicknames?\n3) Are you over the age of 10?\n4) Over the age of 20? \n5) Town and county and state/province and street and zip code where you live? \n6) Your current occupation? \n7) Are both your parents still alive? \n8) Your parents’ full names: \n9) Your parents’ occupation when you were born: \n10) What was the name of the street you grew up on? \n11) Childhood hobbies?\n12) Do you have any childhood memories from a vacation?\n13) How about any childhood fascinations? (i.e. Firetrucks, Outer space, Mary Lou Retton, etc....) \n14) Any albums/music from your childhood that stuck with you? \n15) What was the name of your elementary school, middle school and high school? \n16) What was the name of your first boyfriend/girlfriend? \n17) What was the color, year, make and model of you first car (if any)? \n18) What is the color, year, make and model of current car? \n19) What was your most memorable childhood pet? \n20) What was its name and what kind of animal? \n21) How did it die? \n22) Do you currently have pets? \n23) Current pet names? What kind of animal?\n24) Who were your neighbors growing up? \n25) Who are your current neighbors? \n26) Any tattoos? \n27) Where? \n28) Of what? \n29) When did you get them? \n30) Why? \n31) Piercings? \n32) Scars? \n33) Where on your body? \n34) When did you get it? \n35) How? \n36) Five favorite songs? \n37) Five favorite albums? \n38) Five favorite movies? \n39) Favorite book?\n40) Favorite Actor/Actress? \n41) Favorite Color? \n42) Current Hobbies? \n43) History of places that you lived and ages you were there \n(i.e. Portland: 22-25, NYC 26-33, Charlotte, NC 33- 36) \n44) Fears/phobias? (i.e. Clowns, spiders, rollercoasters, etc....) \n45) Favorite Flavor Ice Cream? \n46) Drinker? \n47) Favorite libation(s)? \n48) Smoker? \n49) Brand of cigarettes? \n50) Partaker of the occasional doobie? \n51) Have you ever stolen anything? \n52) When?\n53) Where?\n54) Why?\n55) Who was the first person you slept with? \n56) Do you have any allergies of any kind? \n57) Eye color? \n58) Any sayings/quotes that were passed down from your parents? (for example, my father has always said ‘Any port in a foreign storm’, and for some reason it stuck with me.) \n59) Any favorite quotes, in general? \n60) Do you live in an apartment or a house? \n61) When was your first kiss? \n62) With who? \n63) Do you remember if it was good or bad? \n64) Do you have children? (Boys? Girls? How many? ) \n65) What are their full names?\n66) Currently Married, single, divorced or ‘in a relationship’? \n67) Saddest event(s) in your life? \n68) Happiest event(s) in your life? \n69) What is your best summer memory?\n\nVideos\n\nKickstarter Movie (2010)\n (2010)\n\nJim Bianco on Cookie Cutter\n\"I really tried to capture the experiences that unite and define us as people, so that not only would someone’s answer be relevant to them, obviously, but to someone listening who wasn’t that person.\" \n\"My father is a Brooklyn-born weight-lifting Italian Roman Catholic who wields a pompadour and only drives a Cadillac. My mother is a kind, classic, 1950’s Brooklyn Jew who quit high school to work in a pencil factory. It’s pretty obvious where my obsession with eccentric characters comes from.\"\n\"Centuries ago it was common for the church or the aristocracy to commission composers to create a piece of work for them. Whether it was for a royal wedding or a religious holiday, composers crafted the music for specific people or events.’Cookie Cutter’ is the modern version of that.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nJim Bianco on NPR’s All Things Considered October 2, 2013\nCookie Cutter at iTunes\nLOUDMOUTH Record Release Campaign at Kickstarter.com\nAirForTimes Article August 12, 2012\n\nJim Bianco albums\n2013 albums\nKickstarter-funded albums", "\"I Don't Want to Be Your Friend\" is a pop/R&B song written and composed by Diane Warren. It was first recorded by singer Cyndi Lauper for her 1989 album A Night To Remember. The song was meant to be the second commercial single released in the U.S. from that album, but after the second radio single \"A Night to Remember\" failed to chart highly, the label scrapped the idea. Famed songwriter Desmond Child also recorded a version for his only album Discipline (1991). \"I Don't Want to Be Your Friend\" was eventually a single by Filipino singer Nina, and also recorded by Dutch female singer Do in her eponymous debut album.\n\nNina version\n\n\"I Don't Want to Be Your Friend\" was covered by Filipino singer Nina as a single from Diane Warren's 2004 love songs compilation, Diane Warren Presents Love Songs. The song was produced by Neil C. Gregorio, and published by Warner Music Philippines. It was included as a bonus track on Nina's best-selling 2005 album Nina Live!, and has since been considered as a single from that album. It later appeared on her 2008 album, Nina Sings the Hits of Diane Warren. The song talks about a woman who was left and hurt by her past lover. She admits being uncool with what happened to their relationship, expressing that \"she doesn't want to be his friend\".\n\nUpon release, the song was met with positive reviews, being included by music critics as one of the favorite tracks in Nina's albums. Titik Pilipino complimented the simplicity of the song, saying \"it's one song where [Nina] didn't have to shout and be a vocal Chinese acrobat.\" The song was nominated for Favorite Female Video on the 2005 MTV Pilipinas Music Awards, but lost the award to Rachelle Ann Go's \"Love of My Life\". On January 15, 2007, the song was released to digital download via iTunes and Amazon.com.\n\nBackground and release\n\"I Don't Want to Be Your Friend\" was initially released by Nina in November 2004 under Warner Music for the promotion of Diane Warren's compilation Diane Warren Presents Love Songs. The song was released together with her rendition of \"The Christmas Song\" for the label's All Star Christmas Collection album, and became very popular in the Philippines. The song has since been considered as a Nina Live! single after it was included in the album's track list.\n\nCritical reception\nThe song was well received by critics, becoming one of the most favorite Nina hits. It was also often confused to be a Nina original, since she was the one who popularized the song. Ginnie Faustino-Galgana of Titik Pilipino picked the song as one of her favorites on Nina Live! together with \"Steep\" and \"Love Moves in Mysterious Ways\". Another Titik Pilipino review by Resty Odon praised the song, saying \"What I positively enjoyed, though, is 'I Don't Want to Be Your Friend'. I think Nina should study with intent the reasons why this song clicked with her and with almost everyone. Clue: It's one song where she didn't have to shout and be a vocal Chinese acrobat.\"\n\nMusic video\n\nA music video accompanied the release of the song. The video was directed by Chi de Jesus. It was shot at a beach called Puerto del Sol in Pangasinan. The video features the sexy side of Nina, wearing bikini and portraying a model with a complicated relationship with the shoot photographer.\n\nTitik Pilpino stated \"Those who saw Nina's sexy video for 'I Don't Want to Be Your Friend' may be a bit shocked at the songstress' transformation, but Nina's clearly not afraid to express herself, be it in her videos or her music. In fact, it was Nina who revived the whole video trend by the end of 2002.\" The video was nominated for Favorite Female Video on the 2005 MTV Pilipinas Music Awards, but Nina lost the award to Rachelle Ann Go's \"Love of My Life\".\n\nOfficial versions\n\nReferences\n\n1989 songs\n2004 singles\nCyndi Lauper songs\nNina Girado songs\nSongs written by Diane Warren\nSongs about heartache" ]

[ "Brown Eyed Girls", "Debut: Your Story and Leave Ms. Kim", "What was it about Your Story That was interesting?", "the Brown Eyed Girls released their debut album Your Story in South Korea on March 2, 2006, with the ballad track, \"Come Closer\" as their single.", "Was Come closer a hit single?", "The album was well received by critics but did not do as well as expected commercially.", "Was Leave Ms. Kim another album?", "After a short break, the group went back into the studio to work on their second album Leave Ms. Kim (ddeonara miseugim),", "did Leave Ms. Kim have any singles released?", "which included their R&B title track \"You Got Me Fooled\" (neoege sogassda). Subsequent singles were \"Oasis", "Was there any other singles released from that album?", "and \"It's Mine\" (naeggeoya), a collaboration with fellow group SeeYa.", "did they go on tour with any of these two albums?", "I don't know.", "is there any interesting fact that you found interesting in this article?", "The first two albums contained typical R&B ballads which had been very popular in the K-pop scene. However, the commercial success was relatively higher", "any other interesting facts?", "Moreover, the second album containing \"You Got Me Fooled\" (neoege sogassda) was released at nearly the same time as Wonder Girls' \"", "what was your favorite fact of the article?", "The group's leader, Jea, was the one responsible of the group's creation and was actively involved in the selection of the other members, picking out Miryo," ]

[ "Victim to Villain is the second full-length album by American rock band New Years Day, released on June 11, 2013, through Century Media Records, their first and only for the label. This is the first official full-length from New Years Day in six years.\n\nThis album continues the departure from the pop-punk sound of the band's first album, into a darker, heavier sound that began with the preceding EP, The Mechanical Heart. The first single from the album, \"Do Your Worst\" was released in January 2013 with a lyric video featuring Ashley in a grave, followed by \"I'm No Good\" on May 6, 2013, also with a lyric video with scenes of all the band members. \"Death of The Party\" was released as the third single with a lyric video and \"Angel Eyes\" was released as the fourth and final single of the album with an accompanying music video.\n\nTrack listing\nAll songs written by New Years Day and Erik Ron, except where noted\n\"Do Your Worst\" - 3:16\n\"I'm No Good\" - 3:45\n\"Bloody Mary\" - 3:13\n\"Victims\" - 3:58\n\"Hello Darkness\" - 3:21\n\"Death of the Party\" - 3:14\n\"The Arsonist\" (New Years Day, Erik Ron and Jason Evigan) - 3:24\n\"Angel Eyes\" (feat. Chris Motionless of Motionless in White)(New Years Day, Erik Ron and Joel Faviere) - 2:57\n\"Any Last Words?\" - 2:50\n\"Tombstone\" - 1:45\n\"Last Great Love Story\" - 3:17\n\nPersonnel\nAsh Costello - lead vocals\nNikki Misery - lead guitar\nJake Jones - rhythm guitar\nAnthony Barro - bass, backing vocals\nRussell Dixon - drums\n\nAdditional Personnel\n Chris Motionless - guest vocals on \"Angel Eyes\"\n\nAlbum information\nProduced, recorded, and mixed by Erik Ron\nRecorded at Grey Area Studios, North Hollywood, CA\nEngineered by Adrian Alvarado\nMastered by Alan Douches at West West Side Music, New Windsor, NY\n\nReferences\n\n2013 albums\nNew Years Day (band) albums", "Fred Thomas is an American bassist best known for his work with singer James Brown for over thirty years. He performed on many R&B hits of the 1970s. His last recording is on the 2018 album We Came to Play.\n\nCareer\nThomas grew up in the US state of Georgia. He moved to New York City in 1965 and co-founded his own band with guitarist Hearlon \"Cheese\" Martin. He was the bassist as well as the lead vocalist of the group. He said: \"I did my own thing, which is to keep a nice bottom in the pocket. I never bothered with any fancy stuff because I always did the singing in my bands, and you can't be fancy and sing\".\n\nIn 1971 James Brown saw the band at Smalls Paradise club in Harlem. Brown was in search of new musicians for his own band. He did an impromptu performance with the band and decided to hire the whole group. Thomas said his band used to cover Brown's songs and that joining Brown was a smooth transition for them. He recorded on Brown's releases during 1970s. The first album titled Hot Pants was in 1971. He also recorded on releases by The J.B.'s. Many of these recordings were later sampled in hip hop music, such as \"Pass the Peas\", \"Gimme Some More\", and \"Escape-ism\".\n\nThomas performed with Brown for more than thirty years, longer than other bassists in that position. He recorded on several R&B number one hits such as \"Hot Pants\", \"Make It Funky\", and \"Papa Don't Take No Mess\". In a 2005 interview he expressed satisfaction with his work, stating: \"I've been involved in one of the biggest, most legendary acts in the world. It's gone on for a long time – 33 years, on and off – and I feel good about the musicians I've played with\".\n\nAfter Brown's death in 2006, Thomas transitioned back to fronting his own group and collaborating with various bands. His later recordings are with Naomi Shelton & the Gospel Queens in 2014 and The J.B.'s in 2018.\n\nDiscography\nCredits adapted in part from AllMusic.\n\nWith James Brown\nRevolution of the Mind (1971)\nHot Pants (1971)\nGet on the Good Foot (1972)\nThe Payback (1973)\nHell (1974)\n\nWith The J.B.'s\nFood for Thought (1972)\nDoing It to Death (1973)\nFunky Good Time: The Anthology (1995)\nPass the Peas: The Best of the J.B.'s (2000)\nBring the Funk on Down (2002)\nThe Lost Album (2011)\nWe Came to Play (2018)\n\nWith Culture\nGood Things (1989)\n\nWith Naomi Shelton & the Gospel Queens\nCold World (2014)\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nFred Thomas at MusicRadar by Rob Power, 2017\nThe J.B.'s members 2019 at archive.org\n\nLiving people\nAmerican funk bass guitarists\nAmerican male bass guitarists\nAmerican rhythm and blues bass guitarists\nJames Brown Orchestra members\nAmerican male guitarists\nMusicians from Georgia (U.S. state)\nGuitarists from Georgia (U.S. state)\nMusicians from New York City\n20th-century American guitarists\n20th-century bass guitarists\nYear of birth unknown\nYear of birth missing (living people)" ]

[ "Sérgio Mendes", "Early career" ]

[ "Gypsy: A Memoir is a 1957 autobiography of renowned striptease artist Gypsy Rose Lee, which inspired the 1959 Broadway musical Gypsy: A Musical Fable. The book tells Lee's true life story in three acts beginning with her early childhood days in theatre when she toured with her sister, June Havoc. The book ends just as Gypsy has gotten on a train and is headed to Hollywood to begin her career in the movies. Her Hollywood career was short lived and she did not get many roles. The roles she did get were so small that at one point she wanted to be billed under her birth name, Louise Hovick.\n\nThe first edition was published by Harper in 1957. It is now available in a 1999 paperback reprint.\n\n1957 non-fiction books\nAmerican memoirs", "Ze'ev Binyamin \"Benny\" Begin, (; born 1 March 1943) is an Israeli geologist and politician. He is a member of the Knesset for New Hope, having previously served as a member for Likud and Herut – The National Movement. He is the son of former Prime Minister of Israel Menachem Begin.\n\nBiography\nZe'ev Binyamin (Benny) Begin was born in Jerusalem to Aliza and Menachem Begin. He studied geology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. After completing his undergraduate and graduate studies, he worked for the Geological Survey of Israel. He completed his doctorate in geology at Colorado State University in 1978.\n\nPolitical career\nFirst elected to the Knesset in 1988 as a Likud MK, Begin ran in the Likud primary in 1993 to succeed Yitzhak Shamir as party leader but was defeated by Benjamin Netanyahu. Under Netanyahu's government (1996–1999), Begin served as Science Minister until 1997 when he resigned in protest against the Hebron Agreement.\n\nHe subsequently led hardliners out of the Likud with the hope of reviving the Herut political party founded by his father. With full support from former Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir, Herut – The National Movement departed from the Likud and joined other right-wing parties to form the National Union, an alliance opposing the Oslo Accords. Owing to the National Union's poor showing in the 1999 elections, Begin resigned his seat and quit politics. He resumed his career in science and education, and was appointed Director of the Geological Survey of Israel.\n\nBegin announced on 2 November 2008 his return to politics and the Likud party, as well as his intention to seek a place on the Likud list for the 2009 elections. He ultimately won fifth place on the party's list, and returned to the Knesset with Likud winning 27 seats. Netanyahu had promised Begin a ministerial position if Likud won the election and honored that promise by appointing Begin a Minister without Portfolio in the new government.\n\nBegin did not run in the 2013 elections, but returned to politics in the 2015 elections running on the 11th place on the Likud party list, the spot reserved for a candidate appointed by party leader Netanyahu. Following the elections, he was appointed Minister without Portfolio in the new government. His term with the government lasted only eleven days. After Prime Minister Netanyahu convinced Gilad Erdan to join the government as Minister of Public Security, Strategic Affairs and Public Diplomacy, Begin was forced to resign as Likud's coalition agreement limited the party to 13 ministers.\n\nBenny Begin officially left Likud and joined Gideon Sa'ar's New Hope party on 21 January 2021. Begin was placed sixth on New Hope's list for the 2021 elections. He gained a seat in the 24th Knesset as New Hope won six seats.\n\nViews and opinions\nIn an interview with Haaretz in 2009, Begin explained his opposition to a Palestinian state, proposing instead an Arab autonomy under Israeli control, since \"without security control in Samaria, Judea and Gaza there will be no security in Tel Aviv, either.\" He concluded with his belief that we must \"live together with people who do not want us...[and] behave humanely and decently both with the Israeli citizens who are not Jews and with those who are not citizens. Is there a contradiction between my nationalism and my liberalism? I believe that this is a day-to-day effort to which I and he is obligated.\"\n\nOn 3 March 2019, Begin said that he was \"deeply troubled\" after reading the Israeli attorney general's 57-page document detailing the suspicions against Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Begin was one of the few members of the then governing coalition to support the attorney general.\n\nPersonal life\nBegin is married, and had six children. One son, Yonatan, was a fighter pilot with the Israeli Air Force who was killed when his F-16 fighter jet crashed in 2000. Another son,\nAvinadav is a writer, and has become a social activist, out of a general anti-nationalist ideology. He was engaged in pro-Palestinian demonstrations.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nThoughts of a National Liberal: an interview with Benny Begin - Fathom Journal\n\n1943 births\nLiving people\nChildren of prime ministers of Israel\nColorado State University alumni\nHebrew University of Jerusalem alumni\nHerut – The National Movement politicians\nIsraeli geologists\nIsraeli Jews\nJewish Israeli politicians\nJews in Mandatory Palestine\nLeaders of political parties in Israel\nLikud politicians\nMembers of the 12th Knesset (1988–1992)\nMembers of the 13th Knesset (1992–1996)\nMembers of the 14th Knesset (1996–1999)\nMembers of the 18th Knesset (2009–2013)\nMembers of the 20th Knesset (2015–2019)\nMembers of the 24th Knesset (2021–present)\nNew Hope (Israel) politicians\nPoliticians from Jerusalem" ]

[ "Sérgio Mendes", "Early career", "When did his career begin?", "As his interest in jazz grew, he started playing in nightclubs in the late 1950s just as bossa nova, a jazz-inflected derivative of samba, was emerging." ]

[ "TG Now is an album by English industrial band Throbbing Gristle. It was released in 2004 through the band's own record label Industrial Records and was their first album of original material since 1982's Journey Through a Body.\n\nRelease \n\nThe album's 12\" vinyl version was limited to 500 copies and the CD version was limited to 3,000 copies.\n\nCritical reception\nPopMatters called the album \"an appetizing return from a band that had toyed significantly with the idea of what an artistically valid record release might be.\"\n\nTrack listing\n\nPersonnel \n Throbbing Gristle\n\n Genesis P-Orridge – uncredited performance, recording\n Cosey Fanni Tutti – uncredited performance, recording\n Peter Christopherson – uncredited performance, recording\n Chris Carter – uncredited performance, recording\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\n \n\nThrobbing Gristle albums\n2004 albums", "William M. \"Wild Bill\" Moore (June 13, 1918 – August 1, 1983) was an American R&B and jazz tenor saxophone player. Moore earned a modest hit on the Hot R&B charts with \"We're Gonna Rock, We're Gonna Roll\", which also was one of the earliest rock and roll records.\n\nMoore was born in Detroit Michigan and began playing the alto saxophone at an early age. However, prior to his musical career, he was an amateur boxer, winning Michigan's Golden Gloves light heavyweight championship in 1937, before briefly turning professional. By the early 1940s, Moore abandoned his boxing career in favor of music, and was inspired by musicians Chu Berry and Illinois Jacquet to switch to tenor saxophone. In 1944, he made his recording debut, accompanying Christine Chatman, the wife of Memphis Slim, for Decca Records. Between 1945 and 1947, Moore was performing and recording in Los Angeles with Slim Gaillard, Jack McVea, Big Joe Turner, Dexter Gordon, and played on Helen Humes’ hit recording, \"Be-Baba-Leba\".\n\nIn 1947 he moved back to Detroit and began recording with his own band, which included baritone player Paul Williams, later famous for \"The Hucklebuck\". In December of that year, he recorded \"We're Gonna Rock, We're Gonna Roll\" for the Savoy label which was a modest hit and is remembered today as one of many candidates for the first rock and roll record. It was one of the first records played by Alan Freed on his \"Moondog\" radio shows in 1951. However, by the standards of its time it was quite a primitive recording, notable mainly for the juxtaposition of the words “rock” and “roll”, and the battling saxophones of Moore and Williams. In 1949, he cut \"Rock And Roll\", reportedly featuring Scatman Crothers on vocals.\n\nMoore continued recording and playing in clubs in and around Detroit. In this period he also recorded several jazz albums for the Jazzland label. In 1971, he was sought out by Marvin Gaye to play saxophone on the album What's Going On, notably the track \"Mercy Mercy Me\".\n\nEventually he returned to Los Angeles, California and lived there until his death, aged 65.\n\nIn their 1992 book, What Was the First Rock 'n' Roll Record?, Jim Dawson and Steve Propes dedicated a chapter to Moore and his influential \"We're Gonna Rock, We're Gonna Roll.\"\n\nDiscography\nWild Bill's Beat (Jazzland), 1961\nBottom Groove (Jazzland), 1961\nThings That I Used To Do, (Big Joe Turner), (Pablo), 1977\nWith Houston Person\nThe Real Thing (Eastbound, 1973)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nRockabilly.nl\n\nRhythm and blues saxophonists\n1918 births\n1983 deaths\n20th-century American musicians\n20th-century saxophonists\n20th-century African-American musicians" ]

[ "Sérgio Mendes", "Early career", "When did his career begin?", "As his interest in jazz grew, he started playing in nightclubs in the late 1950s just as bossa nova, a jazz-inflected derivative of samba, was emerging.", "What was his first recording?", "Mendes formed the Sexteto Bossa Rio and recorded Dance Moderno in 1961." ]

[ "Dicky Thompson (born June 13, 1957) is an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour and the Nationwide Tour.\n\nThompson joined the Nationwide Tour in 1990. He won the Ben Hogan Baton Rouge Open and the Ben Hogan Elizabethtown Open en route to an 8th-place finish on the money list which earned him his PGA Tour card for 1991. He did not perform well enough on his rookie year on Tour to retain his card but got his Tour card for 1992 through qualifying school. After another poor year on the PGA Tour, he took a hiatus until earning his PGA Tour card for 1995 through qualifying school. He did not do well enough to retain his card but did record his best finish on the PGA Tour of his career, finishing in a tie for fourth at the Deposit Guaranty Golf Classic. He took another hiatus from Tour and rejoined the Nationwide Tour in 1999 where he recorded five top-10 finishes. He played on the Nationwide Tour again in 2000, his last season on Tour.\n\nThompson played on the NGA Hooters Tour in 1989, 1994 and from 1996 to 1999. He won six tournaments during that time.\n\nProfessional wins (10)\n\nBen Hogan Tour wins (2)\n\nBen Hogan Tour playoff record (1–0)\n\nOther wins (8)\n1998 Georgia Open\n1999 Georgia Open\n6 wins on the NGA Hooters Tour\n\nResults in major championships\n\nCUT = missed the half-way cut\nNote: Thompson never played in the Masters Tournament or the PGA Championship.\n\nSee also\n1990 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates\n1991 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates\n1994 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates\n\nExternal links\n\nAmerican male golfers\nGeorgia Bulldogs men's golfers\nPGA Tour golfers\nGolfers from Atlanta\n1957 births\nLiving people", "Ed Humenik (born June 29, 1959) is an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour and the Nationwide Tour.\n\nHumenik joined the PGA Tour in 1989, gaining his Tour card through qualifying school. After struggling on his rookie year on Tour, he joined the Nationwide Tour in 1990. He won two events, the Ben Hogan Macon Open and the Ben Hogan Santa Rosa Open en route to a 5th-place finish on the money list which earned him his PGA Tour card for 1991. In 1991, he finished 121st on the money list, just good enough to retain his Tour card, he recorded two top-10 finishes. He bettered his performance in 1992, finishing 100th on the money list, including finishing in a tie for fourth at the Buick Southern Open. He finished 105th on the money list in 1993 and recorded three top-10 finishes. In 1994 he finished 108th on the money list, with the highlight of his year coming at the Greater Greensboro Open where he finished in a tie for second. He did not do as well in 1995 and failed to retain his Tour card. He did not play full-time on Tour again until 1999 when he played on the Nationwide Tour, his final season on Tour. He played in the U.S. Senior Open in 2009 and missed the cut.\n\nProfessional wins (3)\n\nBen Hogan Tour wins (2)\n\nOther wins (1)\n1988 Michigan Open\n\nResults in major championships\n\nCUT = missed the half-way cut\n\"T\" = tied\nNote: Humenik only played in the U.S. Open.\n\nSee also\n1988 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates\n1990 Ben Hogan Tour graduates\n\nExternal links\n\nAmerican male golfers\nMichigan Wolverines men's golfers\nPGA Tour golfers\nKorn Ferry Tour graduates\nGolfers from Detroit\n1959 births\nLiving people" ]

[ "Sérgio Mendes", "Early career", "When did his career begin?", "As his interest in jazz grew, he started playing in nightclubs in the late 1950s just as bossa nova, a jazz-inflected derivative of samba, was emerging.", "What was his first recording?", "Mendes formed the Sexteto Bossa Rio and recorded Dance Moderno in 1961.", "Where did he do his first tour?", "Touring Europe and the United States, Mendes recorded albums with Cannonball Adderley and Herbie Mann and played Carnegie Hall." ]

[ "What If is an album by former Styx guitarist Tommy Shaw, released in 1985. It was his second solo release. The album received somewhat favorable reviews. The album peaked at #87 on the Billboard 200.\n\nThe album is named after the track \"Remo's Theme (What If)\", which is the theme song for the character Remo Williams in the movie Remo Williams: The Adventure Begins. The song was not released on a soundtrack and was first made available on What If.\n\nTrack listing\nAll words and music by Tommy Shaw, except as indicated. The track \"Friendly Advice\" was moved to the end for the reissue.\n\n \"Jealousy\" - 4:43\n \"Remo's Theme (What If)\" (Shaw, Richie Cannata) - 4:23\n \"Reach for the Bottle\" - 5:44\n \"Friendly Advice\" - 3:29\n \"This Is Not a Test\" - 3:26\n \"See Me Now\" - 3:45\n \"True Confessions\" (Shaw, Cannata) - 3:27\n \"Count on You\" - 6:09\n \"Nature of the Beast\" - 4:04\n \"Bad Times\" - 2:44\n\nPersonnel\nTommy Shaw: Guitars, Keyboards, Lead Vocals, Background Vocals\nRichie Cannata: Saxophone, Keyboards\nBrian Stanley: Bass Guitar\nSteve Holley: Drums, Percussion\nMark Marshall: Drums on \"Bad Times\"\nGary Myrick: Electric Guitar on \"Count On You\" and \"Friendly Advice\"\n\nReferences\n\n1986 albums\nTommy Shaw albums\nA&M Records albums", "Jamie Warren, born April 8, 1961, in Hanover, Ontario, Canada, is a country music singer-songwriter, and the most awarded independent male artist in the Canadian country music industry.\n\nBiography\nJamie Warren took piano lessons when he was 5 years old, and guitar lessons at 8. When he was 14, he wrote his first song. After high school, he did airshifts local radio stations, but maintained his interest in singing. He won the Youth Talent Search at London's Western Fair, and was sent to Memphis, Tennessee to compete with other North American winners. This led Warren to a year performing at Libertyland amusement park in Memphis.\n\nWhen Warren returned to Ontario, he began working with producer J. Richard \"Rick\" Hutt. His first single, \"World of a Child,\" was released in 1984. Independently, he released six more singles in the 1980s, including \"Take Me Home Mississippi,\" which peaked at No. 10 in 1985. Later that year, Warren won the RPM Big Country Award for Best New Artist. When his career slowed down, he took time off to start a family, writing and playing in his spare time.\n\nIn 1993, Warren began work on his first album release on his own record label, TooHip Music. The first single, \"Ready to Run,\" was released in 1995 and peaked at No. 50 on the Canadian Country Singles chart. Warren wasn't originally planning to include the song on his album. Fallen Angel was released in 1996 in both Canada and the United States. While the album didn't perform well in the US, it was a success in Canada. Singles released from the album include \"What Goes Around (Comes Around),\" \"Watching Her Sleep,\" and the 1996 top 5 hit \"One Step Back.\"\n\nWarren began work on his second album, Just Not the Same, in 1997. The album was released the following year on the heels of his top 10 single, \"Cried All the Way Home.\" Four more singles from the album reached the Canadian top 20, including the top 10 singles \"The Way Love Goes\" and \"What a Woman Wants to Hear.\" Country Magazine named Just Not the Same the Best Album of 1999. When the Canadian Country Music Association (CCMA) awards were handed out in 1999, Warren was named Independent Male Vocalist of the Year, and \"Cried All the Way Home\" was named Independent Single of the Year. Warren swept the 1999 Ontario Country Music Awards (OCMA), winning every award he was nominated for, including Male Artist of the Year, Single Release of the Year (\"Cried All the Way Home\"), Video of the Year (\"Cried All the Way Home\"), CD Release of the Year (Just Not the Same), and Songwriter of the Year. He also received nominations at the 1999 RPM Big Country Awards (Male Vocalist of the Year) and the Juno Awards (Best Country Male Vocalist).\n\n2000 was another big year for Warren, with the top 20 single \"Sunny Day in the Park.\" He was named Male Vocalist of the Year by the OCMA for the second year, and the Ontario Country Performer and Fan Association (OCPFA) awarded Warren Single of the Year for \"Cried All the Way Home\" and Songwriter of the Year for \"Words You Can't Take Back.\" He was also nominated for Male Vocalist of the Year by the CCMA, the Junos and RPM. Warren won two awards, Single of the Year (\"Sunny Day in the Park\") and Songwriter of the Year (\"Sunny Day in the Park\") at the 2002 OCPFA Awards.\n\nWarren's third album, Really, was released in 2003. Four singles were released from the project, \"Without You,\" \"What More Can You Say,\" \"Reanne\" and \"Where's the Love,\" but they all missed the Canadian top 30. Warren released his greatest hits collection, Make Me Believe, in October 2005. The album included 14 of Warren's most successful singles, along with five new tracks. Four of those songs received airplay on Canadian country radio, \"She Kissed Me,\" \"I Saw Her Standing There,\" \"You're My Everything\" and the title track.\n\nWarren's fourth studio album, Right Here Right Now, was released in April 2008.\n\nDiscography\n\nStudio albums\n\nCompilation albums\n\nSingles\n\n1984–2000\n\n2001–present\n\nMusic videos\n\nReferences and footnotes\n\nExternal links\nJamie Warren Official Site\nJamie Warren Interview\n\n1961 births\nLiving people\nCanadian country singer-songwriters\nCanadian male singer-songwriters" ]

[ "Sérgio Mendes", "Early career", "When did his career begin?", "As his interest in jazz grew, he started playing in nightclubs in the late 1950s just as bossa nova, a jazz-inflected derivative of samba, was emerging.", "What was his first recording?", "Mendes formed the Sexteto Bossa Rio and recorded Dance Moderno in 1961.", "Where did he do his first tour?", "Touring Europe and the United States, Mendes recorded albums with Cannonball Adderley and Herbie Mann and played Carnegie Hall.", "What was his first album named?", "Mendes moved to the U.S. in 1964 and cut two albums under the Sergio Mendes & Brasil '65 group name with Capitol Records and Atlantic Records." ]

[ "All American Records was a record label, originally based in Chicago and ultimately owned by Bill Holmes, who was also the manager and producer of Strawberry Alarm Clock.\n\nAmong its artists was Lenny LaCour, who later became a manager, producer and record label owner in his own right. The label included the band Birmingham Sunday, whose sole album, A Message from Birmingham Sunday is a highly sought after item by record collectors.\n\nReferences\n\nAmerican record labels\nDefunct record labels of the United States\nRecord labels established in 1966", "Bernd Spier (6 April 1944 – 30 December 2017) was a German schlager singer and record producer. He later was a real estate broker.\n\nBiography \nSpier was born in Ludwigslust, Mecklenburg and is the son of Robby Spier, who was the conductor of the Hessischer Rundfunk orchestra in Frankfurt. Spier started his first band with two friends at the age of 15. Because of his father, he became a frequent guest on a popular radio program in Frankfurt, which then led to his discovery by CBS. His first record was released in 1963.\n\nHe sang easy listening schlager music until the Beatles and other rock 'n roll groups began to gain in popularity, threatening the careers of older artists. In 1966, he was made CBS Schallplatten's youngest record producer and as his first record as producer, he recorded his brother, Uwe.\n\nSpier made a brief comeback in 1969 with longer hair and German versions of \"Pretty Belinda\", by Chris Andrews and \"Knock Three Times\" by Tony Orlando and Dawn. They were two of his biggest hits. With his singing career in decline, Spier became a real estate broker in Rödermark. Spier died on 30 December 2017.\n\nReferences \n\nGerman male singers\n1944 births\n2017 deaths\nSchlager musicians" ]

[ "Sérgio Mendes", "Early career", "When did his career begin?", "As his interest in jazz grew, he started playing in nightclubs in the late 1950s just as bossa nova, a jazz-inflected derivative of samba, was emerging.", "What was his first recording?", "Mendes formed the Sexteto Bossa Rio and recorded Dance Moderno in 1961.", "Where did he do his first tour?", "Touring Europe and the United States, Mendes recorded albums with Cannonball Adderley and Herbie Mann and played Carnegie Hall.", "What was his first album named?", "Mendes moved to the U.S. in 1964 and cut two albums under the Sergio Mendes & Brasil '65 group name with Capitol Records and Atlantic Records.", "Who was his record producer?", "Capitol Records and Atlantic Records." ]

[ "India's Best Dancer 2 also known as India's Best Dancer: Best Ka Next Avatar is the second season of the Indian reality TV series India's Best Dancer. It premiered on 16 October 2021 on Sony Entertainment Television. This season hosted by Manish Paul. The Grand Finale was aired on 09 January 2022 and winner was Saumya Kamble.\n\nConcept \nIndia's Best Dancer will showcase the people of some of the best dancing talent, who with their solo performances, will compete to win the show. In the Grand Premiere, the judges announced the Top 12 contestants who will have a respective mentor in the journey ahead. Week-on-week these 12 contestants will have to impress the judges and audience alike to move closer to winning the most coveted title of India's Best Dancer.\n\nTop 12 contestants\n\nScore chart\n\nColor key\n indicates the contestant was eliminated.\n indicates the contestants in bottom.\n indicates the contestants got the full score.\n indicates the contestants did not perform.\n indicates the winner of the season.\n indicates the runner-up of the season.\n indicates the contestant quit the show.\n indicates the finalists of the season.\n\nNotes \n : On 16th,17th,23rd & 24th October the episodes aired were auditions rounds only.\n : Initially Rajendra Bishnoi is in top 12 but due his injury Stand-By contestant Dibbay Das join Best 12.\n : On 30th & 31st October the episodes were Mega Auditions and selected the top 12 contestants.\n : On 6th & 7th November the episodes were Grand Premiere there contestants were not scored by judges.\n : On 18th & 19th December, the contestants performed twice (one with their choreographer and the other with the contestant) and the contestants got scores from the judges twice.\n: On 25th & 26th December, Sanket did not perform due to the demise of his father and hence did not receive the score.\n: On 1st January, Dibbay Das did not perform as he got injured while practicing and hence did not receive the score.\n\nBattle of the best\n\nEpisodes\n\nGuests\n\nSee also\nDance Plus\nDance India Dance\nDance Deewane\nSuper Dancer\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\n India's Best Dancer 2 on Sony Liv\n\n2022 Indian television seasons\nIndia's Best Dancer seasons", "Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7 is the seventh season of the dance reality show, Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa. It premiered on June 7, 2014 on Colors. The series was hosted by Ranvir Shorey and Drashti Dhami but later got replaced by Manish Paul. Madhuri Dixit, Karan Johar and Remo D'Souza were the three judges. The finale took place on September 20, 2014 and was won by Ashish Sharma and Shampa Gopikrishna.\n\nContestants\n Ashish Sharma and Shampa Gopikrishna, winners on September 20, 2014\n Karan Tacker and Elena/Bhawna, second place on September 20, 2014\n Shakti Mohan and Tushar Kalia, third place on September 20, 2014\n Mouni Roy and Punit Pathak, fourth place on September 20, 2014\n Akshat Singh and Vaishnavi, eliminated on September 13, 2014\n Sophie Choudry and Deepak Singh, eliminated on August 30, 2014\nTara Jean Popowich and Jack, eliminated on August 23, 2014\n Kiku Sharda as Palak and Kruti Mahesh, eliminated on August 16, 2014\n Malishka Mendonsa, and Diwakar, eliminated on August 9, 2014\n Kushal Punjabi and Mohena, eliminated on August 2, 2014\n Puja Banerjee and Rajit Dev, eliminated on July 27, 2014\n Shanthakumaran Sreesanth and Sneha Kapoor, eliminated on July 12, 2014\n Sukhwinder Singh and Bhawna Khanduja, eliminated on July 6, 2014\n Kritika Kamra and Savio Barnes, eliminated on June 29, 2014\n Purab Kohli and Mohena Kumari Singh, eliminated on June 22, 2014\n VJ Andy and Bhavini Mishra, eliminated on June 15, 2014\n\nScoring chart\n\n In week 12, Sophie did not get any scores as she was in the face-off round before she got eliminated\n In week 10, Kiku did not get any scores as she was in the face-off round before she got eliminated\n Due to the health condition and Shakti being hospitalized, the duo Shakti and Tushar were unable to perform in week 13. Hence, no marks were given to them that week.\n\ngreen numbers indicates the highest score.\nred numbers indicates the lowest score.\n indicates the winning couple.\n indicates the runner-up couple.\n indicates the second runner-up couple\n indicates the fourth-place couple\n indicates the couple eliminated that week.\n indicates the returning couple that finished in the bottom three.\nn/a indicates the couple did not get any scores\n\nCelebrity guests\n\nReferences\n\nDance competition television shows\nIndian dance television shows\nJhalak Dikhhla Jaa seasons" ]

[ "Sérgio Mendes", "Early career", "When did his career begin?", "As his interest in jazz grew, he started playing in nightclubs in the late 1950s just as bossa nova, a jazz-inflected derivative of samba, was emerging.", "What was his first recording?", "Mendes formed the Sexteto Bossa Rio and recorded Dance Moderno in 1961.", "Where did he do his first tour?", "Touring Europe and the United States, Mendes recorded albums with Cannonball Adderley and Herbie Mann and played Carnegie Hall.", "What was his first album named?", "Mendes moved to the U.S. in 1964 and cut two albums under the Sergio Mendes & Brasil '65 group name with Capitol Records and Atlantic Records.", "Who was his record producer?", "Capitol Records and Atlantic Records.", "Did he perform any on television?", "The Musicians Union only allowed this group to appear on one TV show and one club appearance (Basin Street East) before ordering them to leave the U.S." ]

[ "On October 24, 2018, the bodies of 16 year old Tala and 23 year old Rotana Farea were found along rocky banks of the Hudson River. The bodies were bound with duct tape and the NYPD concluded there was no foul play. Police determined that their deaths were part of a suicide pact. Both of the sisters were last seen by their family in Virginia on November 30, 2017. Before disappearing, the sisters lived in a \"shelter-like\" facility due to abuse allegations in their district. A witness claimed he saw the two sisters 30 feet apart with their heads in their hands and that they appeared to be praying.\n\nThe sisters had been missing from their home for several weeks.\n\nThe medical examiner ruled that the sisters killed themselves.\n\nConnection to Saudi Arabia \nNew York Police have sources that the sisters would \"Rather kill themselves than return to Saudi Arabia\" The sisters' mother told local media that the Saudi embassy in Washington had ordered the family to leave the U.S. But Saudi Arabia refuted that stating \"Reports that we ordered anyone related to the Saudi sisters, Tala and Rotana Farea, God rest their souls, (who recently died tragically in NY), to leave the US for seeking asylum; are absolutely false. Details are still under investigation and will be shared in due course.''\n\nSee also\nList of solved missing person cases\n\nReferences \n\n2010s missing person cases\n2018 in New York (state)\n2018 suicides\nFarea, Tala and Rotana\nFormerly missing people\nFarea, Tala and Rotana\nMissing person cases in Virginia\nOctober 2018 events in the United States\nSisters\nFarea, Tala and Rotana\nWomen in New York City", "The 2011 Botswana Population and Housing Census was the latest national census of Botswana. The enumeration was managed by the Statistics Botswana (formerly Central Statistics Office) and took place over ten days starting on 22 August 2011. The census counted a total population of 2,024,787, a 20.5% increase from the 2001 Census.\n\nCost\nThe total budget for the 2011 Census was 243,575,993 pula (US$35.3 million as of August 2011) with the Botswana government funding all the costs. Over P100,000,000 was planned to pay for personnel.\n\nControversy\nBushmen living in the Central Kalahari Game Reserve boycotted the census in response to an earlier situation where the Bushmen were not provided polling stations in the 2009 election. Jumanda Gakelebone spoke on behalf of the Bushmen, saying that \"the government does not recognise us [the Bushmen] as a people. So why count us? They should count their own people and leave us alone.\"\n\nSee also\nCensus in Botswana\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nResults of the 2011 Census (PDF)\nSample questionnaire (PDF)\n\nCensuses in Botswana\n2011 in Botswana\nBotswana" ]

[ "Sérgio Mendes", "Early career", "When did his career begin?", "As his interest in jazz grew, he started playing in nightclubs in the late 1950s just as bossa nova, a jazz-inflected derivative of samba, was emerging.", "What was his first recording?", "Mendes formed the Sexteto Bossa Rio and recorded Dance Moderno in 1961.", "Where did he do his first tour?", "Touring Europe and the United States, Mendes recorded albums with Cannonball Adderley and Herbie Mann and played Carnegie Hall.", "What was his first album named?", "Mendes moved to the U.S. in 1964 and cut two albums under the Sergio Mendes & Brasil '65 group name with Capitol Records and Atlantic Records.", "Who was his record producer?", "Capitol Records and Atlantic Records.", "Did he perform any on television?", "The Musicians Union only allowed this group to appear on one TV show and one club appearance (Basin Street East) before ordering them to leave the U.S.", "Why were they ordered to leave the US?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Miguel Skrobot (Warsaw, 1873 – Curitiba, February 20, 1912) was a businessman Brazilian of Polish origin.\n\nMiguel Skrobot was born in 1873, in Warsaw, Poland, to José Skrobot and Rosa Skrobot. When he was 18 he migrated to Brazil and settled in Curitiba as a merchant.\n\nHe married Maria Pansardi, who was born in Tibagi, Paraná, to Italian immigrants, and she bore him three children. He kept a steam-powered factory where he worked on grinding and toasting coffee beans under the \"Rio Branco\" brand, located on the spot where today stands the square called Praça Zacarias (square located in the center of Curitiba). He also owned a grocery store near Praça Tiradentes (also a square in the center of Curitiba, where the city was born). He died an early death, when he was 39, on February 20, 1912.\n\nReferences\n\n1873 births\n1912 deaths\nBrazilian businesspeople\nPeople from Curitiba\nPolish emigrants to Brazil", "Adolf von Rauch (22 April 1798 - 12 December 1882) was a German paper manufacturer in Heilbronn, where he was born and died and where he was a major builder of social housing.\n\nPapermakers\n1798 births\n1882 deaths\nPeople from Heilbronn" ]

[ "Sérgio Mendes", "Early career", "When did his career begin?", "As his interest in jazz grew, he started playing in nightclubs in the late 1950s just as bossa nova, a jazz-inflected derivative of samba, was emerging.", "What was his first recording?", "Mendes formed the Sexteto Bossa Rio and recorded Dance Moderno in 1961.", "Where did he do his first tour?", "Touring Europe and the United States, Mendes recorded albums with Cannonball Adderley and Herbie Mann and played Carnegie Hall.", "What was his first album named?", "Mendes moved to the U.S. in 1964 and cut two albums under the Sergio Mendes & Brasil '65 group name with Capitol Records and Atlantic Records.", "Who was his record producer?", "Capitol Records and Atlantic Records.", "Did he perform any on television?", "The Musicians Union only allowed this group to appear on one TV show and one club appearance (Basin Street East) before ordering them to leave the U.S.", "Why were they ordered to leave the US?", "I don't know.", "Where was he born?", "Mendes was born in Niteroi, Brazil, the son of a physician." ]

[ "\"Seven Steps to Heaven\" is a 1963 jazz composition by Victor Feldman and Miles Davis. Different lyrics to it were written much later by Cassandra Wilson and Jon Hendricks. This iconic jazz standard was introduced in 1963 by the Miles Davis Quintet. Although Feldman played and recorded with Davis in Los Angeles on Seven Steps to Heaven, and he appears on half of the tracks of the album, the West Coast-based pianist did not want to follow Davis to New York, where the album version of the composition was finally recorded with Herbie Hancock on piano.\n\nComposition\nSeven Steps to Heaven is a 32-bar composition in AABA form; it has an intro, an interlude and an ending - but these are the same. It was originally played in an up-tempo swing style.\n\nSee also\nList of post-1950 jazz standards\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nlearn to play it\n\n1963 songs\n1960s jazz standards\nCompositions by Miles Davis\nSongs with lyrics by Jon Hendricks", "Straight Up with a Twist is the fifth full-length album and the first jazz album from Kristine W, released on September 14, 2010. The first single sent to radio, \"Feel What You Want\", was released to jazz stations on August 6, 2010 and was ranked number 1 on Billboards Dance/Club Play Songs since 1994.\n\nTrack listing\n\nDisc One: Live Studio Sessions\nFeel What You Want\nStairway To Heaven\nOn The Radio\nSave My Soul\nWhat I Like About You\nSome Lovin\nWindow To Your World\nStronger\nWonder Of It All\nDream On\nTake It To The Limit\nRiver Divides\nWho Knows\nWe Well Meet Again\nFeel What You Want (Instrumental)\n\nDisc Two: Electro-Lounge Remixes\nRiver Divides\nFeel What You Want\nStairway To Heaven\nSome Lovin\nThe Boss\nSave My Soul\nStronger\nOn The Radio\nWindow To Your World\nDream On\nWhat I Like About You\nWonder Of It All\nWho Knows\nMeet Again\nFirst Time I Ever Saw Your Face\nFeel What You Want Electro Jazz Radio\nFeel What You Want Live Sessions Radio\n\nReferences\n\n2010 albums" ]

[ "Sérgio Mendes", "Early career", "When did his career begin?", "As his interest in jazz grew, he started playing in nightclubs in the late 1950s just as bossa nova, a jazz-inflected derivative of samba, was emerging.", "What was his first recording?", "Mendes formed the Sexteto Bossa Rio and recorded Dance Moderno in 1961.", "Where did he do his first tour?", "Touring Europe and the United States, Mendes recorded albums with Cannonball Adderley and Herbie Mann and played Carnegie Hall.", "What was his first album named?", "Mendes moved to the U.S. in 1964 and cut two albums under the Sergio Mendes & Brasil '65 group name with Capitol Records and Atlantic Records.", "Who was his record producer?", "Capitol Records and Atlantic Records.", "Did he perform any on television?", "The Musicians Union only allowed this group to appear on one TV show and one club appearance (Basin Street East) before ordering them to leave the U.S.", "Why were they ordered to leave the US?", "I don't know.", "Where was he born?", "Mendes was born in Niteroi, Brazil, the son of a physician.", "Did he always want to play jazz?", "He attended the local conservatory with hopes of becoming a classical pianist." ]

[ "Homeland is an album by Neal Morse. It is a piece that was written for a musical theater production in the early 1990s. Many of the musical themes from this production would later appear on some of the Spock's Beard albums. This is the twelfth release in the Neal Morse Inner Circle series.\n\nBand\n Neal Morse - Vocals, guitar, keyboards, piano, bass\n\nTrack listing\n \"Set up for Overture/Son of Mine\"\n \"Overture/Son of Mine\"\n \"Set up for Where Will I Go Now\"\n \"Where Will I Go Now\"\n \"Set up for Lord of the Flies\"\n \"Lord of the Flies\"\n \"Set up for Cut Throat Island/Mother\"\n \"Cut Throat Island\"\n \"Mother\"\n \"Set up for Haiti Rise\"\n \"Haiti Rise\"\n \"Set up for What Do They Know?\"\n \"What Do They Know?\"\n \"Set up for We Will Better the World\"\n \"We Will Better the World\"\n \"Set up for How Can You Love That Man?\"\n \"How Can You Love That Man?\"\n \"Set up for The Greatest of Them All\"\n \"The Greatest of Them All\"\n \"Set up for Rise Again\"\n \"Rise Again\"\n \"Set up for the End Of Homeland\"\n \"The End Of Homeland\"\n \"Rise Again Reprise\"\n \"End Talk\"\n\nNeal Morse albums\n2007 albums", "And Who Shall Go to the Ball? And What Shall Go to the Ball? is the fourteenth album by singer and composer Scott Walker, and his second release for 4AD. The album was originally commissioned as a contemporary dance piece for disabled and non-disabled dance company CandoCo, choreographed by Rafael Bonachela. A video with excerpts from the performance can be found at the CandoCo website\n\nIn a press release from his record label, Walker describes the music in the following way: \"Apart from a slow movement given over to solitude, the music is full of edgy and staccato shapes or cuts, reflecting how we cut up the world around us as a consequence of the shape of our bodies. How much of a body does an intelligence need to be potentially socialised in an age of ever-developing AI ? This is but one of many questions that informed the approach to the project.\"\n\nThe album was issued in just 2500 copies and will, according to the label, never be re-pressed.\n\nTrack listing\n\nPersonnel \n London Sinfonietta – orchestra\n Philip Sheppard – cello\n Alasdair Malloy – percussion\n Bradley Grant – saxophone, flute\n Andy Findon – saxophone, flute\n Steven Price – recording\n Matt Paul – engineer\n Mick Taylor – engineer\n Peter Walsh – programming, effects, sound manipulation\n Mark Warman – orchestration, programming, effects\n\nReferences \n\n2007 albums\n4AD albums\nScott Walker (singer) albums" ]

[ "Ron \\Pigpen\\\" McKernan\"", "Personal life" ]

[ "William Zeiman was a Democratic member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. Zeiman was a member during the 1877 session from the 1st District of Dodge County, Wisconsin. He was born on March 31, 1846, in what is now North Prairie, Wisconsin in what is now Waukesha County, Wisconsin.\n\nReferences\n\nPeople from North Prairie, Wisconsin\nPeople from Dodge County, Wisconsin\nWisconsin Democrats\nMembers of the Wisconsin State Assembly\n1846 births\nYear of death missing", "John R. Hofstatter was a member of the Assembly during the 1911 session. Additionally, he was a Baraboo, Wisconsin alderman (similar to city councilman). He was a Democrat. Hofstatter was born in what is now Sumpter, Wisconsin in 1858.\n\nReferences\n\nPeople from Baraboo, Wisconsin\nPeople from Sumpter, Wisconsin\nMembers of the Wisconsin State Assembly\nWisconsin city council members\nWisconsin Democrats\n1858 births\nYear of death missing", "Fred N. Comdohr was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1883. Additionally, he was an alderman of Milwaukee, Wisconsin from 1878 to 1881. He was a Republican. Comdohr was born on April 22, 1839, in what is now Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.\n\nReferences\n\nGerman emigrants to the United States\nMembers of the Wisconsin State Assembly\nMilwaukee City Council members\nWisconsin Republicans\n1839 births\nYear of death missing" ]

[ "Ron \\Pigpen\\\" McKernan\"", "Personal life", "what year was he born", "I don't know." ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts", "This article is about the demographic features of the population of Saint Mary's, including population density, internet access, crime rate, and other aspects of the population.\n\nPopulation \nAccording to the 2011 census the population of Saint Mary was 7,341.\n\nOther demographics statistics (2011)\n\nCensus Data (2011)\n\nIndividual\n\nHousehold \nThere are 2,512 households in Saint Mary Parish.\n\nSee also\nDemographics of Antigua and Barbuda\n\nReferences\n\nAntigua and Barbuda Christians\nDemographics of Antigua and Barbuda" ]