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[ "Joy Division", "Sound", "What was her sound?", "generic and \"undistinguished punk-inflected hard-rock", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Critic Simon Reynolds observed how the band's originality only \"really became apparent as the songs got slower\",", "why did she come to this conclusion?", "\"Hook's bass carried the melody,", "Did she release any sounds?", "more rhythm and chords," ]

[ "Bobby Jacobs (born 1965) is a Dutch bassist, songwriter and producer best known as the former bassist for the Dutch rock band Focus, from 2002 to December 2016.\n\nBiography \nJacobs was born in Hilversum, Netherlands. He is the second son of famed Dutch musician Ruud Jacobs and therefore the nephew of Pim Jacobs. Jacobs has two brothers, Jeroen and Roeland, and is the stepson of Thijs van Leer, the founding member of Focus. Jacobs was a member of van Leer's side bands Van Leer and Conxi, and Olivia.\n\nFrom 2002 to December 2016, Jacobs was a member of Focus as their bassist as is featured on their studio albums Focus 8 (2002), Focus 9 / New Skin (2009), Focus X (2012), and Golden Oldies (2014). During his tenure with the band, Jacobs also served as their producer and was credited as a writer on \"De Ti O De Me\", \"Sylvia's Stepson\", \"Aya-Yuppie-Hippy-Yee\" and \"Hoeratio\". He was replaced by Dutch player Udo Pannekeet.\n\nDiscography \nwith Focus\n\nFocus 8 (2002)\nFocus 9 / New Skin (2009)\nFocus X (2012)\nGolden Oldies (2014)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nOfficial Focus website at FocusTheBand.com\n\n1965 births\nLiving people\nDutch bass guitarists\nProgressive rock guitarists\nDutch composers\nPeople from Hilversum\nFocus (band) members", "Micom was a manufacturer of telecommunications equipment, best known for their line of concentrators. The company was founded by serial entrepreneur Stephen Bernard Dorsey in 1975 and sold to Philips NV in 1984. Micom acquired Spectrum Digital Corporation in 1987.\n\nMicom concentrators\nMicom became known for its ads, often run on the back pages of popular-in-their-day computer industry publications, with the slogan \"Concentrate. Because it's cheaper!\" The initial ads showed oranges and what resembled a can of frozen orange juice, with a \"brand name\" of Micom. After adding variations, they began advertising on television. The focus of the ads, within their telecommunications products, was their line of concentrators.\n\nTheir print ads included the trademarked phrase \"MICOM: MicroComputers for DataCommunications(tm)\"\n\nReferences\n\nDefunct networking companies\nHistory of telecommunications" ]

[ "Joy Division", "Sound", "What was her sound?", "generic and \"undistinguished punk-inflected hard-rock", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Critic Simon Reynolds observed how the band's originality only \"really became apparent as the songs got slower\",", "why did she come to this conclusion?", "\"Hook's bass carried the melody,", "Did she release any sounds?", "more rhythm and chords,", "What was their focus?", "devices of distance" ]

[ "\"East Side Story\" is an early Bob Seger single. It was Seger's first single with his group The Last Heard, marking his departure from Doug Brown and the Omens and the beginning of his own career. The song reached #3 on the Detroit charts.\n\nHistory \nSeger had originally written the song for a local Detroit band called the Underdogs, managed by Edward \"Punch\" Andrews along with Seger. Andrews was looking for a song for the Underdogs to follow up their successful \"Man in the Glass\", so Doug Brown and Seger each wrote a song. Seger recalls: \"They liked what I wrote, which was 'East Side Story.' But they didn't like the way the Underdogs did it. So we recorded it ourselves, and then Doug and I went our own ways. I started my own band.\" Members of both the Omens and Seger's own Town Criers played on the studio version. The single, which cost $1,200 to make, sold 50,000 copies. Seger made his television debut performing this song on the show Swingin' Time, hosted by Robin Seymour.\n\nReferences \n\n1966 songs\nBob Seger songs\nSongs written by Bob Seger\n1966 singles", "\"Sexual Guarantee\" is a 2000 song by Swedish band Alcazar. It was released as the fourth single from their debut studio album, Casino (2000) and samples Chic's 1979 hit \"My Forbidden Lover\". The song got many good reviews, but failed to make much of an impact on the charts across Europe. While a favorite of radio stations, it lacked the success of their previous single.\n\nChart performance\nThe single was released in Europe, but in different formats and sleeves. For instance England once again made their own sleeves and used their own Alcazar logo. Alcazar's Record Company BMG, in the UK made big effort in promoting Sexual Guarantee. Several promotion posters had been made all across London. And even one of them used the slogan 'Bye Bye Steps, Welcome Alcazar', referring to the sudden disappearance of British pop band Steps. .\n\nThe first country to release the single was Sweden and Finland and then the rest of Europe followed. Some territories weren't too sure about releasing this track as a single because of the explicit title. Australia for example never did - they released a cover of The Human League's \"Don't You Want Me\" instead.\n\nFormats and track listings\nThese are the formats and track listings of promotional single releases of \"Sexual Guarantee\".\n\n CD single\n\"Original Version\" - 3:34\n\"Johan S Vocal Club Mix\" - 5:25\n\"Fu-Tourist Remix\" - 5:35\n\"Johan S Dub Mix\" - 7:27\n\n Cassette single\n\"Original Version\" - 3:34\n\"Fu-Tourist Remix\" - 5:35\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nNu-disco songs\nAlcazar (band) songs\n2000 songs\n2001 singles\nSongs about sexuality\nSongs written by Alexander Bard\nSongs written by Anders Hansson (songwriter)" ]

[ "Leonard Bernstein", "Influence and characteristics as a conductor" ]

[ "Carl Walter Roskott (March 4, 1953 - June 18, 2008) was an American composer, conductor and academic. He served as associate professor of music at Northern Illinois University and the University of Virginia, and as associate conductor at the Eastern Music Festival in Greensboro, North Carolina. He studied at the Peabody Conservatory of Music and New England Conservatory of Music ; his principal teachers included Leonard Bernstein, Gunther Schuller, Sheldon Morgenstern, Leo  Mueller, Richard Pittman and Michael Tilson Thomas.\n\nRoskott’s compositions included works for full orchestra, chamber ensembles, and solo works for trumpet, trombone, horn and violin. He was also a double recipient of the Leonard Bernstein Fellowship to Tanglewood.\n\nIn 1972, when he was 19, two of his works were included at the 1972 Eastern Music Festival in Greensboro, North Carolina. Four years later he returned to the festival as a conductor; the following year he was named the festival’s associate conductor, a position he held until 1997. \n\nIn 1979 Roskott was a finalist for the assistant conductor position with the National Symphony also served as associate professor of music and principal conductor at Northern Illinois University (1980-1991) and the University of Virginia (1991-2005).\n\nAwards \n\n 1969 Junior Composer Award from National Federation of Music Clubs\n George Whitefield Chadwick Medal\n Dimitri Mitropoulos Award\n Downbeat Magazine Award for Best Symphony Orchestra Recording, 1980-1989\n Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching Awards (Northern Illinois University) (1989)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Carl Roskott, Concerto for Two Trumpets\n Carl Roskott, Violin Concerto in G Major\n\n1953 births\n2008 deaths\n20th-century American composers\n21st-century American composers\nModernism (music)\nPeabody Institute alumni", "Goin' Fishin' is a 1940 Our Gang short comedy film directed by Edward Cahn. It was the 191st Our Gang short (192nd episode, 103rd talking short, 104th talking episode, and 23rd MGM produced episode) that was released.\n\nPlot\nHoping to get an early start on a fishing trip to the East River, the gang boards a double-decker bus at the crack of dawn. Alas, the kids' bulky fishing equipment causes nothing but discomfort for the rest of the passengers, to say nothing of the irascible bus conductor. Thanks to the gang's unintentional interference, the bus' regular pick-up and drop-off schedule is thoroughly disrupted, and even worse, it turns out that the kids are on the wrong bus.\n\nCast\n\nThe Gang\n Mickey Gubitosi as Mickey\n George McFarland as Spanky\n Carl Switzer as Alfalfa\n Billie Thomas as Buckwheat\n Leonard Landy as Leonard\n\nAdditional cast\n Paul Hurst as Bus conductor\n Robert Emmett as Police officer\n Ben Hall as Man on bus\n Arthur Hoyt as Man on bus\n Anne O'Neal as Woman on bus\n\nSee also\n Our Gang filmography\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n \n\n1940 films\nAmerican films\nAmerican black-and-white films\nFilms directed by Edward L. Cahn\nMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer short films\n1940 comedy films\nOur Gang films\n1940 short films\nComedy short films" ]

[ "Leonard Bernstein", "Influence and characteristics as a conductor", "What are Leonard's characteristics as conductor?", "1971. His typical pattern of recording at that time was to record major works in the studio immediately after they were presented in the orchestra's subscription concerts" ]

[ "Ladilla Rusa is a Spanish musical group formed in 2017 and originally from Montcada i Reixac, which is a municipality of the Province of Barcelona.\n\nHistory\nTania Lozano and Víctor F. Clares, originally from Moncada y Reixach, friends since childhood and journalists by training, decided in 2017 to create a musical duo, initially as a joke. Their style has influences of electropop, Catalan rumba and other influences from the Barcelona periphery, in what has been dubbed as \"charnego pride. They have played at the Sonorama and Arenal Sound festivals.\n\nDiscography\nEstado del Malestar. La Mundial Records (2018).\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Official website\n\nSpanish musical groups", "John Wesley \"Dick\" Summers (1887-1976) was an old-time fiddler from Indiana. He learned to play from his family, but a Tom Riley of Kentucky was also an influence. Summers did not originally read music, but did learn to do so in his 70s. He was one of the only old-time Midwestern fiddlers to have a commercially distributed album in the post-World War II era. As indicated though his style had Southern, and as mentioned Kentucky, influences.\n\nReferences\n\nOld-time fiddlers\nMusicians from Indiana\n1887 births\n1976 deaths\nPlace of birth missing\n20th-century violinists" ]

[ "Leonard Bernstein", "Influence and characteristics as a conductor", "What are Leonard's characteristics as conductor?", "1971. His typical pattern of recording at that time was to record major works in the studio immediately after they were presented in the orchestra's subscription concerts", "What influences did he have?", "Aside from those 1940s recordings, which were made for RCA Victor, Bernstein recorded primarily for Columbia Masterworks Records," ]

[ "Hillery Johnson was a record label owner, record producer, manager and songwriter and vice-president of a major record American record label.\n\nBackground\nIn 1966, Hilary Johnson along with Leo Austell and Archie Russell founded Brainstorm Records and Productions. Later he worked for United Artists and then Capitol Records. By 1973 he was working for MCA Records where he held the position of promotional manager for special marketing. By the mid-1970s he was with Playboy Records as their national r&b promotion director. By 1977 he was vice-president of Atlantic Records.\n\nAs a composer, along with Michael Wycoff he co-composed \"Try And Love Again for The Manhattans.\n\nIn 1993, Johnson was involved in legal action against Joseph Jack Productions. He was suing the production company and its owner Joseph Jackson over money he alleged was owed to him for negotiating a recording agreement. He claimed he was owed $15,000 for representing Jackson in an attempt to work out an A&M recording deal for Janet Jackson.\n\nLabels founded \nIn 1966, as a young man, Johnson and Archie Russell along with Leo Austell, a veteran in the record scene co-founded Brainstorm Records. This came about as a result of the label Austell was with, Vee Jay records collapsing. Another label creation that Johnson responsible for was Twin Stacks. It was the subsidiary of Brainstorm. Both labels lasted for four years and were successful mainly in their geographical region. They did however have some real solid success. As a production company they did extremely well with Betty Everett scoring several national hits including \"There'll Come A Time\".\n\nHe founded the Palm Springs based label Valley Vue Records Another label he started was one he co-founded along with Tom Takayoshi, was Hilltak Records. Takayoshi was the former president of Playboy Records. The Hilltak label was a subsidiary of Atlantic Records.\n\nActs\nJohnson introduced the Temptations to a party crowd of 500 that included Bette Midler and Teddy Pendergrass at Studio 54 in Manhattan in May 1977. The party was to announce the Temptations leaving Motown for Atlantic.\nSome of the acts Johnson has managed include Rene & Angela and Lalah Hathaway.\n\nReferences\n\nAmerican entertainment industry businesspeople\nRecord producers from California\nLiving people\nYear of birth missing (living people)", "Mission Records was created by Glenn Frey and Peter Lopez in 1998 as an independent record label. The company is distributed by Navarre Corp. Its first album was One Planet, One Groove by Max Carl & Big Dance, released January 20, 1998. The company was originally intended as an outlet for Frey's solo records due to his dissatisfaction with the bigger labels; however, he did not release any of his own work on it, and the label is now inactive.\n\nReferences\n\nSee also\n List of record labels\n\nRecord labels established in 1998\nDefunct record labels of the United States\nVanity record labels" ]

[ "Leonard Bernstein", "Influence and characteristics as a conductor", "What are Leonard's characteristics as conductor?", "1971. His typical pattern of recording at that time was to record major works in the studio immediately after they were presented in the orchestra's subscription concerts", "What influences did he have?", "Aside from those 1940s recordings, which were made for RCA Victor, Bernstein recorded primarily for Columbia Masterworks Records,", "Did he work with another record company?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Stevie Ray Vaughan", "First recordings" ]

[ "The Stevie Ray Vaughan Stratocaster is the signature model electric guitar of American guitarist Stevie Ray Vaughan, based on his favorite guitar, Number One. The guitar debuted at the NAMM Show in January 1992 and began selling at various music stores.\n\nNumber One, also called First Wife, was the nickname given by Stevie Ray Vaughan to his favorite Fender Stratocaster, built ca. 1963. In 1974, he acquired the guitar as a trade at a music store in Austin, Texas. In 1990, it was retired due to many replacements of frets, though he continued to play it occasionally. In 1992, the Stevie Ray Vaughan Stratocaster was released, based on the specifications of Number One. Vaughan used Number One on almost every recording with Double Trouble.\n\nBackground\nIn the late 1980s, Fender had informally planned to release a standard Stevie Ray Vaughan Stratocaster, with 500 limited edition tribute guitars being produced by the Fender Custom Shop. The project was delayed until 1990, when Fender presented Vaughan with three prototypes of his signature guitar on June 7, 1990, backstage at the taping of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. With the notable \"SRV\" stickers on the pickguard being completely worn off, Vaughan requested for replacement stickers to the staff of The Tonight Show, giving him Letraset script-style lettering. Vaughan liked the lettering so much that he proposed that the lettering be engraved into the pickguard, as it appears today.\n\nThe signature model didn't go into production until 1991 at the direction of Vaughan's brother Jimmie. The Stevie Ray Vaughan Stratocaster made its debut at the NAMM Show in January 1992, with Double Trouble drummer Chris Layton, Jimmie, Buddy Guy, Albert Collins, and Eric Gales attending the event.\n\nFeatures\nThe final product is essentially what Number One would be if brand new, featuring an alder body with a three-color sunburst and a polyurethane varnish; a thick, oval-shaped maple neck finished in a polyurethane gloss with 21 Dunlop 6105 narrow jumbo frets, 12\" radius, and pau ferro fingerboard. Earlier models featured a Brazilian rosewood fingerboard. Three Texas Special single coil pickups were wired into the guitar, similar to the original 1959 pickups in Vaughan's \"Number One\" guitar. Other unique features include gold plated hardware, left-handed vintage synchronized tremolo, and the \"SRV\" script-style initials engraved into the pickguard.\n\nLimited Edition \"Number One\" Tribute Guitar\n\nA team from Fender visited Jimmie Vaughan in Austin to examine the original Number One. They recorded every aspect, recording the output of each pickup, weighing the wood and hardware, measuring the shape of the neck, and using calipers to reproduce every scratch, dent, or wear on the guitar.\n\nIn November 2003, the Fender Custom Shop announced a limited run of 100 Number One tribute Stratocasters. They debuted at the NAMM Show on January 15, 2004. The original Number One was thoroughly examined and measured for the reproduction. The Number One tribute Strats were constructed by master builder John Cruz, who made all of the 100 replicas. Each guitar was priced at $10,000.\n\nReferences\n\nFender Stratocasters\nStevie Ray Vaughan", "In Session is a blues album by Albert King with Stevie Ray Vaughan recorded live for television on December 6, 1983, at CHCH-TV studios in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, when Vaughan was 29 and King was 60. It was released as an album on August 17, 1999 and re-released with a supplemental video recording on DVD on September 28, 2010. It has also been released on CD and SACD.\n\nIt was the first of two collaborations captured for television, the second being as invited guests on a show led by B.B. King in 1987. It was recorded for one of a series of live television sessions recording the performances of various artists. The show was called In Session. The album includes a few short segments of the banter by King and Vaughan between songs.\n\nInitially, King was not going to do the show as he did not know who Vaughan was. He did not realize that Vaughan was actually 'little Stevie', the 'skinny kid' that he let sit in when King played in Texas. King talks about this on one of the conversation tracks. When he realized who Vaughan was, he agreed to play.\n\nThe album's material is mostly King's concert line up, with one Vaughan cut, \"Pride and Joy\" on the audio CD (the DVD also features Vaughan's \"Texas Flood\"). King is 'driving' the session, but he features Vaughan's guitar extensively on most of the songs. According to the introductory credits on the DVD, a number of the tunes are included there for the first time, having been omitted from the original TV broadcast for reasons of time.\n\nTrack listing\nAudio CD:\n\"Call It Stormy Monday\" (Aaron \"T-Bone\" Walker) - 8:59\n\"Old Times\" [talk] - 1:15\n\"Pride and Joy\" (Stevie Ray Vaughan) - 5:57\n\"Ask Me No Questions\" (B.B. King) - 5:02\n\"Pep Talk\" [talk] - 0:51\n\"Blues at Sunrise\" (Albert King) - 15:08\n\"Turn It Over\" [talk] - 0:51\n\"Overall Junction\" (Albert King) - 8:19\n\"Match Box Blues\" (Blind Lemon Jefferson) - 7:38\n\"Who Is Stevie?\" [talk] - 0:43\n\"Don't Lie to Me\" (Hudson Whittaker) - 8:56\n\nDVD:\n[Introduction]\n\"Born Under a Bad Sign\" *\n\"Texas Flood\" (featuring Stevie Ray Vaughan on vocals) *\n\"Call It Stormy Monday\"\n\"Old Times\" [talk]\n\"Match Box Blues\"\n\"Pep Talk\" [talk]\n\"Don't Lie To Me\"\n\"Who Is Stevie?\" [talk]\n\"Pride and Joy\" (featuring Stevie Ray Vaughan on vocals)\n\"I'm Gonna Move to the Outskirts of Town\" *\n[Outtro]\n\n(* = not previously released/not on audio CD)\n\nBased on the conversations, key changes and tempo count-offs, the tracks for the full performance were in the following order:\n[Introduction]\n\"Born Under a Bad Sign\"\n\"Texas Flood\"\n\"Call It Stormy Monday\"\n\"Old Times\" [talk] [version from CD]\n\"Pride and Joy\"\n\"Ask Me No Questions\"\n\"Pep Talk\" [talk]\n\"Blues at Sunrise\"\n\"Turn It Over\" [talk]\n\"Overall Junction\"\n\"Match Box Blues\"\n\"Who Is Stevie?\" [talk]\n\"Don't Lie to Me\"\n\"I'm Gonna Move to the Outskirts of Town\"\n[Outtro]\n\nPersonnel\n Albert King - electric guitar, vocals\n Stevie Ray Vaughan - electric guitar, vocals on \"Pride and Joy\"\n Tony Llorens - piano, organ\n Gus Thornton - bass\n Michael Llorens - drums\n\nProduction\nIan Anderson - original recordings\nDoug McClement - engineer\nBill Belmont - producer\nStephen Hart - remixing\nChris Clough - reissue A&R\nBill Belmont - reissue A&R\nGeorge Horn - remastering\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n STLBlues.net – Interview of Gus Thornton includes information on the session\n\nAlbert King live albums\nStevie Ray Vaughan live albums\n1999 live albums\nStax Records live albums\nLive blues albums" ]

[ "Stevie Ray Vaughan", "First recordings", "In what year did Stevie Ray Vaughan start recording?", "In September 1970, Vaughan made his first studio recordings with the band Cast of Thousands," ]

[ "\"What's Forever For\" is a song written by Rafe Van Hoy and first recorded by England Dan & John Ford Coley on their 1979 album Dr. Heckle and Mr. Jive.\n\nThe song saw its biggest success when it was recorded by American country music artist Michael Martin Murphey. It was released in June 1982 as the second single from his album, Michael Martin Murphey. \"What's Forever For\" was Murphey's first of two number ones on the country chart. The single went to number one for one week and spent 16 weeks in the country top 40. On the Hot 100, \"What's Forever For\" was his final Top 40 hit, peaking at number 19. The song is also one of his most well known in the Philippines, along with \"Maybe This Time\".\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nCover versions\nAnne Murray on her 1980 album Somebody's Waiting, released by Capitol Records. \"What's Forever For\" was also included as the B-side of her Beatles cover hit, \"I'm Happy Just to Dance with You\".\nT. G. Sheppard on his 1981 album I Love 'Em All, released by Warner Bros. Records.\nDaryl Somers on his 1982 single.\nJohnny Mathis on his 1982 album Friends in Love, released on Columbia Records.\nBilly Gilman on his 2000 album One Voice, released by Epic Records.\nFilipino acoustic singer Nyoy Volante covered the song on his 2008 album, Heartstrings.\nJeff Trachta and Bobbie Eakes, on the soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful.\nTonny Willé and Marco Bakker.\nJohn Conlee on the album With Love in 1981 on MCA.\nB.J. Thomas on his 2000 album You Call That a Mountain.\n\nReferences\n\n1982 singles\nEngland Dan & John Ford Coley songs\nAnne Murray songs\nJohn Conlee songs\nT. G. Sheppard songs\nMichael Martin Murphey songs\nBilly Gilman songs\nB. J. Thomas songs\nSong recordings produced by Jim Ed Norman\nLiberty Records singles\nSongs written by Rafe Van Hoy\n1979 songs", "\"What's Right Is Right\" is the first single from Taylor Hicks' second studio album The Distance.\n\nSingle release\nThe single was released to Adult Contemporary radio adds and digital outlets on January 27, 2009. A music video for the song was filmed on January 12, 2009 in Chicago by director Jake Davis. \"What's Right Is Right\" represents the start of a musical comeback for Hicks, who has not released new music since his major label debut album Taylor Hicks in December 2006. It is the first single to be released by Hicks on an independent label; his first three were released and promoted by Arista Records. It has peaked at number 24 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks on billboard.\n\nChart performance\n\nReferences\n\nTaylor Hicks songs\nSongs written by Simon Climie\nSongs written by Dennis Morgan (songwriter)\n2009 singles\n2009 songs" ]

[ "Stevie Ray Vaughan", "First recordings", "In what year did Stevie Ray Vaughan start recording?", "In September 1970, Vaughan made his first studio recordings with the band Cast of Thousands,", "What songs were on his first album?", "They recorded two songs, \"Red, White and Blue\" and \"I Heard a Voice Last Night\"," ]

[ "Joey Daleboudt (; born ), better known by his stage name Joey Dale, is a Dutch DJ, record producer and musician from Rotterdam.\n\nThe majority of his releases are on Hardwell's label Revealed Recordings.\n\nCareer \nIn 2014, Dale collaborated with Dutch DJ Hardwell to release the song \"Arcadia\" which charted in Belgium and France. In 2015, he released \"Winds\" with Rico & Miella. In 2016, he collaborated with American producer Ryos to release the song \"Armageddon\" featuring singer/songwriter Tony Rodini via Revealed Recordings. He also released \"Crowd Control\" with Pitchback and \"Lights Out\" with Quintino.\n\nDiscography\n\nSingles\n\nCharting singles\n\nOther singles\n 2013: Cracked [Oxygen (Spinnin')]\n 2013: POING! (with Justin Prime) (Original Mix) [Dim Mak Records]\n 2014: Ready for Action (with Alvaro) [Spinnin Records]\n 2014: Shockwave [Revealed Recordings]\n 2014: Watcha Called Me [Revealed Recordings]\n 2014: About the Drop Out [Revealed Recordings]\n 2014: Arcadia (with Hardwell) [Revealed Recordings]\n 2014: Step Into Your Light (featuring Natalie Angiuli) (with Ares Carter) [Zouk Recordings (Armada)]\n 2014: Deja Vu (featuring Delora) (with Dvbbs) [Spinnin Records]\n 2014: Access Denied [Doorn (Spinnin)]\n 2015: Gladiator [Revealed Recordings]\n 2015: Zodiac [Revealed Recordings]\n 2015: Haunted House [Revealed Recordings]\n 2015: The Harder They Fall [Revealed Recordings]\n 2015: Timecode (with Thomas Newson) [Revealed Recordings]\n 2015: Winds (with Rico & Miella) [Revealed Recordings]\n 2015: Epsilon [Revealed Recordings]\n 2016: Where Dreams Are Made (featuring Monstere) [Revealed Recordings]\n 2016: Long Way Home (with Paris & Simo and Brandon Lethi) [Revealed Recordings]\n 2016: Lights Out (with Quintino and Channi Monroe) [Spinnin Records]\n 2016: \"Makes Me Wonder\" (with Reece Low) [Armada Trice] \n 2016: \"Armageddon\" (with Ryos and Tony Rodini) [Revealed Recordings]\n 2016: \"Everest\" (with Ravitez) [Wall Recordings]\n 2016: \"Higher\" (with Olly James) [Revealed Recordings]\n 2016: \"Crowd Control\" (with Pitchback) [Revealed Recordings]\n 2016: \"Shake It\" (with Maddix) [Revealed Recordings]\n 2017: \"Rogue Ones\" (with Adventurer and Micah Martin) [Revealed Recordings]\n 2017: \"Show Me\" [Mixmash Deep]\n 2017: \"Taking Me Home\" (with Anthony Dircson featuring Kennedy Ihaka) [Houston, Taxes]\n 2017: \"Under My Sheets\" (with Rico & Miella) [Joey Dale Music]\n 2017: \"Black Sahara\" (with Kaaze featuring Aloma Steele) [Revealed Recordings]\n 2018: \"All In My Head\" (with Luca Testa featuring Phillip Matta) [Maxximize]\n\nRemixes\n 2015: Swanky Tunes, C. Todd Nielsen - Fire In Our Hearts (Joey Dale Remix) [Revealed Recordings]\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n A Did not enter the Ultratop 50, but peaked on the Flemish Ultratip chart.\n B Did not enter the Ultratop 50, but peaked on the Walloon Ultratip chart.\n C Did not enter the Ultratop 50, but peaked on the Dance Bubbling Under chart.\n\nSources\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1993 births\nLiving people\nDutch dance musicians\nDutch DJs\nDutch record producers\nDutch house musicians\nRemixers\nMusicians from Rotterdam\nRevealed Recordings artists\nElectronic dance music DJs", "Augustus \"Gus\" Aiken (July 26, 1902 in Charleston, South Carolina – April 1, 1973 in New York City) was an early jazz trumpeter who also did blues. He started with the Jenkins Orphanage band.\n\nHe was first recorded professionally in 1919. In the 1920s he worked with several groups, but his best known work would be with Louis Armstrong. He went on to play with Sid Catlett, Roy Eldridge, and Elmer Snowden before his career declined. The end of the Big Band era and the rise of rock and roll is seen as causing the decline.\n\nHis name is often incorrectly spelled as \"Gus Aitken\".\n\nWeb sources\n\nExternal links\nJazz database (In French)\n Gus Aiken recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings.\n\nAmerican jazz trumpeters\nAmerican male trumpeters\n1973 deaths\n1902 births\n20th-century American musicians\n20th-century trumpeters\n20th-century American male musicians\nAmerican male jazz musicians" ]

[ "Stevie Ray Vaughan", "First recordings", "In what year did Stevie Ray Vaughan start recording?", "In September 1970, Vaughan made his first studio recordings with the band Cast of Thousands,", "What songs were on his first album?", "They recorded two songs, \"Red, White and Blue\" and \"I Heard a Voice Last Night\",", "What other musicians did SRV play with on his first recordings?", "feeling confined by playing pop hits with Liberation, Vaughan formed his own band, Blackbird." ]

[ "\"How Do I Get Close\" is a song released by the British rock group, the Kinks. Released on the band's critically panned LP, UK Jive, the song was written by the band's main songwriter, Ray Davies.\n\nRelease and reception\n\"How Do I Get Close\" was first released on the Kinks' album UK Jive. UK Jive failed to make an impression on fans and critics alike, as the album failed to chart in the UK and only reached No. 122 in America. However, despite the failure of the album and the lead UK single, \"Down All the Days (Till 1992)\", \"How Do I Get Close\" was released as the second British single from the album, backed with \"Down All the Days (Till 1992)\". The single failed to chart. The single was also released in America (backed with \"War is Over\"), where, although it did not chart on the Billboard Hot 100, it hit No. 21 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, the highest on that chart since \"Working At The Factory\" in 1986. \"How Do I Get Close\" also appeared on the compilation album Lost & Found (1986-1989).\n\nStephen Thomas Erlewine cited \"How Do I Get Close\" as a highlight from both UK Jive and Lost & Found (1986-1989).\n\nReferences\n\nThe Kinks songs\n1990 singles\nSongs written by Ray Davies\nSong recordings produced by Ray Davies\n1989 songs\nMCA Records singles", "Howard Stelzer is a composer of electronic music, whose work is made primarily from sounds generated by cassette tapes and tape players. From 1997 until 2012, he ran the independent record label Intransitive Recordings.\n\nEarly years\n\nStelzer began making music using cassette tapes and metal percussion while he was a teenager, living in Boca Raton, Florida. After attempting unsuccessfully to learn how to play conventional instruments, he decided instead to use cassette tapes as the source of his music. Beginning in 1996, all of Stelzer's music would be made with manipulated cassette tapes. I think tapes are simply the language that I speak. When I think about music ideas, I only and always think of them in terms of how they’d be articulated via cassette tapes. – 2016 interview with Tabs Out Podcast Stelzer explained how he first became \"fascinated with (cassette tapes) as sound-producing objects: \"When I was in high school (1989–1992) and banging on trash cans in my parents' garage with a boom box recording in the corner, I discovered how the sound captured on the cassette was different from the acoustic sound in the room while I was making the music. From then on, I experimented with making collages on tape-copying decks, furiously pressing the pause button on the record side while changing the source tape on the other.\"\n\nHis first widely-available album, \"Stone Blind\", was a CD self-released on Stelzer's own Intransitive Recordings label in 1997. The album consisted of three related pieces, each roughly 20 minutes long and made out of crudely spliced cassette tapes assembled with a two-cassette stereo component. Each track was recorded in a single take to one side of a 40-minute tape; a piece ended when the tape ran out.\n\nFirst performances and recordings \n\nIn 1998, Stelzer moved to Boston, Massachusetts. His performances over the next several years were mainly improvised, either solo or with duos or groups. His most frequent collaborator from 1999 until 2003 was Jason Talbot, who played a turntable in a manner similar to that in which Stelzer played cassette tapes. Stelzer credits these years as having a lasting impact on his thinking: \"Everything I thought about music for a long time was based on playing with Jason Talbot. The way I played before I started playing with him was pretty ignorant. I just had a whole lot of tape decks and would put tapes in and hit play, and hope that it would sound all right. But Jason got me thinking more about physicality and improvisation, and I started to think of myself more as a player. That really fundamentally changed what I did with the tape decks, and how my sounds fit in the space, and how they worked compositionally and as live performance.\"\n\nCritics noted the energy of the duo's live performances, but reception to their recordings was mixed: For Stelzer and Talbot, on the other hand, pause is a weapon, and subversion is the norm, not a change from it. The goal of Songs is disorientation; play it while you're doing something else, and you might think the volume's too low, until an eardrum-bursting noise comes out of nowhere. Listening to it loud in headphones can almost be painful. – Dusted Magazine review of SongsStelzer himself seemed to agree. He steadily began moving away from live improvisation and venturing more into studio-based composition. \"At first, my published works were simply unvarnished recordings of live improvisations using tape players, but I was never 100% happy with those. As I listened to them, I'd notice that I was mentally filling in the gaps of what should have been fuller sound, more stereo separation, clearer dynamic range, tighter construction... By the time I made the \"Mincing Perfect Words\" 3\"CDR for Chondritic Sound, I felt like I finally produced music that worked as a home listening experience, and not a performance document. Thus emboldened, I diced up my failed earlier recordings and transformed them into “Bond Inlets”, which I consider my first artistically successful proper album after numerous false starts.\n\nCompositions \nBond Inlets was released by Intransitive Recordings as a CD in 2008, and was the first to receive generally favorable notice from critics. It would be unforgivable to overlook 1998's Bond Inlets, Stelzer’s crowning achievement; an album where he was able to pick the inherent limitations of consumer-grade tapes apart, laying out a foreboding work of rare emotional power. – Tiny Mix Tapes\n\nSubsequent albums included Brayton Point, released in 2014 by Dokuro, which was built out of recordings of the Brayton Point Power Station, the largest coal-fired power generation plant in Massachusetts. The album received the unusual distinction of being recognized in the Boston Globe's year-end business section as one of Massachusetts' \"Most Offbeat Business Stories of 2014\": Strangest Use for a Giant Power Plant: When you think power plant, the first thing that comes to mind is a musical melody, right? Oh, wait... electronic music composer Howard Stelzer turned the still-operational Brayton Point coal plant into a giant musical instrument by recording ambient sounds at the site and turning it into a 49-minute album. – Boston Globe Critical response to Brayton Point was generally positive: For his first solo album since 2008's Bond Inlets, Howard Stelzer captured sound at the Brayton Point power plant in Somerset, Massachusetts. That’s intriguing on its own, but it seems an inaccurate way to characterize the resulting album. The single, 50-minute piece Stelzer concocted is so much more dense and evocative than the term \"field recording\" could ever suggest. It’s like calling something a guitar album – it may narrow the context, but it says almost nothing about the listening experience. – The Out Door \n\nThere's development, at least in terms of sounds transforming from a beginning of identifiable clankings and machine-hums to full-on space gales into moments of tinnitus-shrouded pig screams, to its furnace-blast endpoint... As a hymn to power and a memorial to decrepit industrialisation, Brayton Point is remarkable. – Cyclic Defrost\n\nPartial discography\n\n Songs CD (Intransitive Recordings, US) with Jason Talbot\n Night Life CD (Korm Plastics, NL) with Giuseppe Ielasi \n Mincing Perfect Words 3\"CDr (Chondritic Sound, US)\n Tomorrow No One Will Be Safe CD (Troniks, US) with Jazzkammer\n Bond Inlets CD (Intransitive Recordings, US)\n The Impossible Astronaut c40 (NNA, US)\n Pink Pearl CD (Bocian, PO) with Frans de Waard \n How To CD (Phage Tapes, US)\n The Case Against CD (Monotype Rec., PO)\n Brayton Point CD (Dokuro, IT)\n Dawn Songs c40 (No Rent Records, US)\n Sun Pass c40 (Moss Archive, US)\n A Strange Object Covered With Fur Which Breaks Your Heart c40 (No Rent Records, US) \n Across the Blazer CD (Marginal Frequency, US)\n Nests digital-only (self-released, US) with Nerve Net Noise\n Anathematization of the World is Not an Adequate Response to the World 2CDr (Chocolate Monk, UK)\n Their Crowning Achievement CDr (Chocolate Monk, UK) with Neil Campbell\n Invariably Falling Forward, Into the Thickets of Closure 3CD (No Rent Records, US)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nHoward Stelzer, Official site \nHoward Stelzer at Bandcamp\nIntransitive Recordings at Bandcamp\n\nAmerican male classical composers\nAmerican classical composers\nPeople from Long Island\nUniversity of Florida alumni\nAmerican experimental musicians\nExperimental composers\nAmerican contemporary artists\nElectroacoustic music composers\n1974 births\nLiving people\n20th-century American composers\n20th-century American male musicians" ]

[ "Stevie Ray Vaughan", "First recordings", "In what year did Stevie Ray Vaughan start recording?", "In September 1970, Vaughan made his first studio recordings with the band Cast of Thousands,", "What songs were on his first album?", "They recorded two songs, \"Red, White and Blue\" and \"I Heard a Voice Last Night\",", "What other musicians did SRV play with on his first recordings?", "feeling confined by playing pop hits with Liberation, Vaughan formed his own band, Blackbird.", "How did critics receive his first recordings?", "the album was rejected by A&M," ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Stevie Ray Vaughan", "First recordings", "In what year did Stevie Ray Vaughan start recording?", "In September 1970, Vaughan made his first studio recordings with the band Cast of Thousands,", "What songs were on his first album?", "They recorded two songs, \"Red, White and Blue\" and \"I Heard a Voice Last Night\",", "What other musicians did SRV play with on his first recordings?", "feeling confined by playing pop hits with Liberation, Vaughan formed his own band, Blackbird.", "How did critics receive his first recordings?", "the album was rejected by A&M,", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "In mid-1973, they signed a contract with Bill Ham, manager for ZZ Top," ]

[ "The XXX Tour was a worldwide concert tour by American rock band ZZ Top. Staged in support of their 1999 album XXX, the tour visited arenas and stadiums from 1999 to 2002. With five legs and 134 shows, the tour began in Denver, Colorado on September 12, 1999 and ended on November 1, 2002 in London, England. The first two legs took place in the United States before the next leg visited Australasia. After three legs, the band was initially expected to tour Europe, but the European leg was postponed until over two years later, which was branded as \"Euro-Afrique\". Although the tour provoked a range of reactions from critics, it was generally well received.\n\nBackground\nZZ Top's 1996 album Rhythmeen and the supporting Continental Safari Tour brought them to new audiences, particularly in South Africa. Unlike their previous tours, Continental Safari was a minimalistic, sparse production. According to a press release, guitarist and vocalist Billy Gibbons described the tour's production as a \"no-frills, full-thrill presentation—streamlined and down and gritty\", further acknowledging, \"ZZ Top drives it home with a meaner rhythm than ever before.\" Although their 1997 Mean Rhythm Global Tour did not visit Europe, they performed over 170 shows in support of Rhythmeen.\n\nStage design and production\nThe XXX Tour stage was designed by Chris Stuba, ZZ Top's lighting director To design the set, Stuba collaborated with longtime production manager Donny Stuart stage set. In place of ZZ Top's elaborate productions of the past, the XXX Tour stage was a simple setup, designed to be intimate. The set included a 48-by-30 foot (15 by 9 m) stage, and was supplemented by giant stretch fabric fixtures, known as Transformits, and were made into geometric shapes, which showed various visuals, including the \"XXX\" logo behind the stage; for any in-the-round venues, the Transformits were not used. Stuba faced the challenge of designing a lighting system to suit both ZZ Top and Lynyrd Skynyrd, the opening act for most of the tour; both bands used the same wash lights. The set used 87 automated luminaries and 180 PAR lamps, emitting much heat in which the band favored. Stuba explained:\n\nTour dates\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nZZ Top concert tours\n1999 concert tours\n2000 concert tours\n2002 concert tours", "The Hollywood Blues Tour was a concert tour through the United States and Canada, undertaken by American rock band ZZ Top. Named after a warm-up show at the House of Blues in West Hollywood, California, the tour was their second of which to be staged without a supporting album. As a result, they did not perform any newer material. Although this was a criticism for the tour, it was generally well-received—a critic from The Florida Times-Union regarded the band as \"one of rock's most reliable acts; you just know they're going to put on a good show\". In contrast to ZZ Top's elaborately-staged productions from previous tours, the Hollywood Blues Tour utilized an austere stage setup. To embrace the group's renowned concept of visual imagery, the stage featured an LED drape for a backdrop video screen that showed visual effects, video clips and flashing text phrases, along with amplifiers stacks and a Van de Graaff generator.\n\nConsisting of four legs and 97 shows, the tour began in Biloxi, Mississippi on March 6, 2007 and ended in Aspen, Colorado on December 31, 2007. After the first leg, the tour was expanded for a summer tour with the Stray Cats and The Pretenders, which was branded as \"Summer Scorcher\". With a total gross of $17.8 million, Hollywood Blues sold over 380,000 tickets at its conclusion. The band's 2008 live album and DVD Live from Texas was filmed and recorded during a show in Grand Prairie, Texas. A portion of the tour is shown in the Eagle Rock 2009 concert film Double Down Live.\n\nTour dates\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nPeter Zurich's ZZ Top Gallery\n\nZZ Top concert tours\n2007 concert tours" ]

[ "Stevie Ray Vaughan", "First recordings", "In what year did Stevie Ray Vaughan start recording?", "In September 1970, Vaughan made his first studio recordings with the band Cast of Thousands,", "What songs were on his first album?", "They recorded two songs, \"Red, White and Blue\" and \"I Heard a Voice Last Night\",", "What other musicians did SRV play with on his first recordings?", "feeling confined by playing pop hits with Liberation, Vaughan formed his own band, Blackbird.", "How did critics receive his first recordings?", "the album was rejected by A&M,", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "In mid-1973, they signed a contract with Bill Ham, manager for ZZ Top,", "Did SRV tour with ZZ Top?", "played various gigs across the South," ]

[ "\"What Happened to Us\" is a song by Australian recording artist Jessica Mauboy, featuring English recording artist Jay Sean. It was written by Sean, Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim and Israel Cruz. \"What Happened to Us\" was leaked online in October 2010, and was released on 10 March 2011, as the third single from Mauboy's second studio album, Get 'Em Girls (2010). The song received positive reviews from critics.\n\nA remix of \"What Happened to Us\" made by production team OFM, was released on 11 April 2011. A different version of the song which features Stan Walker, was released on 29 May 2011. \"What Happened to Us\" charted on the ARIA Singles Chart at number 14 and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). An accompanying music video was directed by Mark Alston, and reminisces on a former relationship between Mauboy and Sean.\n\nProduction and release\n\n\"What Happened to Us\" was written by Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim, Israel Cruz and Jay Sean. It was produced by Skaller, Cruz, Rohaim and Bobby Bass. The song uses C, D, and B minor chords in the chorus. \"What Happened to Us\" was sent to contemporary hit radio in Australia on 14 February 2011. The cover art for the song was revealed on 22 February on Mauboy's official Facebook page. A CD release was available for purchase via her official website on 10 March, for one week only. It was released digitally the following day.\n\nReception\nMajhid Heath from ABC Online Indigenous called the song a \"Jordin Sparks-esque duet\", and wrote that it \"has a nice innocence to it that rings true to the experience of losing a first love.\" Chris Urankar from Nine to Five wrote that it as a \"mid-tempo duet ballad\" which signifies Mauboy's strength as a global player. On 21 March 2011, \"What Happened to Us\" debuted at number 30 on the ARIA Singles Chart, and peaked at number 14 the following week. The song was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), for selling 70,000 copies. \"What Happened to Us\" spent a total of ten weeks in the ARIA top fifty.\n\nMusic video\n\nBackground\nThe music video for the song was shot in the Elizabeth Bay House in Sydney on 26 November 2010. The video was shot during Sean's visit to Australia for the Summerbeatz tour. During an interview with The Daily Telegraph while on the set of the video, Sean said \"the song is sick! ... Jessica's voice is amazing and we're shooting [the video] in this ridiculously beautiful mansion overlooking the harbour.\" The video was directed by Mark Alston, who had previously directed the video for Mauboy's single \"Let Me Be Me\" (2009). It premiered on YouTube on 10 February 2011.\n\nSynopsis and reception\nThe video begins showing Mauboy who appears to be sitting on a yellow antique couch in a mansion, wearing a purple dress. As the video progresses, scenes of memories are displayed of Mauboy and her love interest, played by Sean, spending time there previously. It then cuts to the scenes where Sean appears in the main entrance room of the mansion. The final scene shows Mauboy outdoors in a gold dress, surrounded by green grass and trees. She is later joined by Sean who appears in a black suit and a white shirt, and together they sing the chorus of the song to each other. David Lim of Feed Limmy wrote that the video is \"easily the best thing our R&B princess has committed to film – ever\" and praised the \"mansion and wondrous interior décor\". He also commended Mauboy for choosing Australian talent to direct the video instead of American directors, which she had used for her previous two music videos. Since its release, the video has received over two million views on Vevo.\n\nLive performances\nMauboy performed \"What Happened to Us\" live for the first time during her YouTube Live Sessions program on 4 December 2010. She also appeared on Adam Hills in Gordon Street Tonight on 23 February 2011 for an interview and later performed the song. On 15 March 2011, Mauboy performed \"What Happened to Us\" on Sunrise. She also performed the song with Stan Walker during the Australian leg of Chris Brown's F.A.M.E. Tour in April 2011. Mauboy and Walker later performed \"What Happened to Us\" on Dancing with the Stars Australia on 29 May 2011. From November 2013 to February 2014, \"What Happened to Us\" was part of the set list of the To the End of the Earth Tour, Mauboy's second headlining tour of Australia, with Nathaniel Willemse singing Sean's part.\n\nTrack listing\n\nDigital download\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean – 3:19\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Sgt Slick Remix) – 6:33\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Just Witness Remix) – 3:45\n\nCD single\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Album Version) – 3:19\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Sgt Slick Remix) – 6:33\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (OFM Remix) – 3:39\n\nDigital download – Remix\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (OFM Remix) – 3:38\n\nDigital download\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Stan Walker – 3:20\n\nPersonnel\nSongwriting – Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim, Israel Cruz, Jay Sean\nProduction – Jeremy Skaller, Bobby Bass\nAdditional production – Israel Cruz, Khaled Rohaim\nLead vocals – Jessica Mauboy, Jay Sean\nMixing – Phil Tan\nAdditional mixing – Damien Lewis\nMastering – Tom Coyne \nSource:\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly chart\n\nYear-end chart\n\nCertification\n\nRadio dates and release history\n\nReferences\n\n2010 songs\n2011 singles\nJessica Mauboy songs\nJay Sean songs\nSongs written by Billy Steinberg\nSongs written by Jay Sean\nSongs written by Josh Alexander\nSongs written by Israel Cruz\nVocal duets\nSony Music Australia singles\nSongs written by Khaled Rohaim", "Paul Murray Live is an Australian television current affairs and commentary program, shown on Sky News Australia and hosted by broadcaster Paul Murray. It airs weeknights.\n\nThe show revolves around public Twitter discussions and the slogan \"this is a show where we tell you what happened today and hopefully by the end of it you'll know what really happened today\".\n\nNews updates are presented by Sharon McKenzie.\n\nHistory\nOriginally a spin-off from Murray's previous Sky News program 180: The Other Side of the News, Paul Murray Live debuted in 2010 and presents the days news, offering commentary and a panel discussion on what has happened in the last 24 hours.\n\nFrom 2015, Paul Murray Live will air weeknights, rather than its previous timeslots of Sunday to Thursday evenings throughout 2014, to make way for Hinch Live, which will air Saturday and Sundays as a continuation of the Paul Murray Live brand. From July 2016, the program airs a highlights edition on Friday evenings to allow Murray to host new format Saturday Edition on Saturdays.\n\nThe program has expanded to 2 hours in 2017, following the ending of SportsNight with James Bracey in 2016. Also in 2017, Paul Murray Live held programs from locations outside the studio with a live audience.\n\nIn the first half of 2018, Paul Murray Live was the most watched program in its timeslot across all subscription television channels.\n\nIn 2019, Paul Murray made international headlines for his interview with U.S. President Donald Trump. In 2019, Paul Murray Live Our Town tour travelled across the nation celebrating, supporting and showcasing local communities. The tour kicked off in February and raised a total of $400,000 for Australian regional communities in Launceston, Townsville, Toowoomba, Tamworth, Whyalla, Thredbo, Broome, Alice Springs and Newcastle.\n\nSee also\n List of Australian television series\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nSky News Official site\n\nSky News Australia\nAustralian non-fiction television series\n2010 Australian television series debuts" ]

[ "Stevie Ray Vaughan", "First recordings", "In what year did Stevie Ray Vaughan start recording?", "In September 1970, Vaughan made his first studio recordings with the band Cast of Thousands,", "What songs were on his first album?", "They recorded two songs, \"Red, White and Blue\" and \"I Heard a Voice Last Night\",", "What other musicians did SRV play with on his first recordings?", "feeling confined by playing pop hits with Liberation, Vaughan formed his own band, Blackbird.", "How did critics receive his first recordings?", "the album was rejected by A&M,", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "In mid-1973, they signed a contract with Bill Ham, manager for ZZ Top,", "Did SRV tour with ZZ Top?", "played various gigs across the South,", "What happened on the tour across the South?", "Ham left the band stranded in Mississippi without any way to make it back home" ]

[ "Ham sausage is a sausage prepared using ham and other ingredients, the latter varying by location. It is a part of the cuisines of China, Germany, Poland and the United States. Ham sausage is a mass-produced food product.\n\nBy country\n\nChina\n\nAutoclaved ham sausage is branded as \"Ham Sausage\" in China. Ham sausage is mass-produced and consumed in China, and several varieties of the product exist in the country. The Chinese ham sausage is a mixture of meat and starch, as well as low concentrations of water, vegetable oil, salt, monosodium glutamate and other food additives. A very small amount of ham sausage produced in China is exported to Japan (around .02% in 2004). The Chundu Group is an example of a Chinese company that produces ham sausage.\n\nGermany\n\nIn German cuisine, ham sausage (Schinkenwurst) is made from ham mixed with varying amounts of bacon, ground pork, beef, meat trimmings, garlic, and spices. The mixture is stuffed into casings, can be smoked, and is cooked in scalding or boiling water. Ham sausage can be cured using a curing solution that is rubbed into the ham, and machines can perform this process. Ham sausage has a marbled appearance due to the ham and bacon pieces in it, which can be observed when the product is sliced. German ham sausage can be sliced and then grilled or fried, and is also used as an ingredient in soups and stews.\n\nItaly\nSoppressata is an Italian dry-cured salami that is sometimes prepared using ham.\n\nPoland\nKielbasa szynkowa is a Polish ham sausage prepared using ham, pork shoulder, beef and spices. It can be prepared by hot smoking.\n\nUnited States\nThe Christian Klinck Packing Company, established around 1868 in Buffalo, New York, by German immigrants, sold a ham sausage and other sausage products by 1905. During the 1910s the Edelweiss brand included ham sausage in its product line. In the late 1800s in the U.S., Parisian ham sausage was prepared using pork ham or shoulder, beef and spices. Parisian ham sausage at this time was smoked and then boiled.\n\nSmithfield Foods, an American meat processing company, introduced ham sausage as part of its product line in the late 1970s. Sales projections for Smithfield Foods ham sausage were estimated to be per month when the sausage was introduced, and average sales thereafter of per month exceeded the initial estimate.\n\nNew England ham sausage, also referred to as pressed ham, is prepared using ham or pork shoulder trimmings, and lean pork that is ground, smoked and then boiled.\n\nMass production\nHam sausage is a mass-produced food. The Tai Foong Canned Goods Co. in Shanghai, China, produced and purveyed canned corned ham sausage and canned smoked ham sausage as early as 1915. The Tianjin Meat United Processing Factory in Tianjin, China, produces Yingbin brand ham sausage in contemporary times. G.A. Müller and Könecke are German companies that produce a ham sausage called Schinken Bockwurst (English: ham bockwurst) and other sausage products in contemporary times. Smithfield Foods of the U.S. has mass-produced ham sausage.\n\nSee also\n\n List of sausages\n Teewurst – a German sausage prepared using pork, bacon and sometimes beef\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n \n \n \n \n \n\nChinese cuisine\nGerman cuisine\nHam dishes\nPolish cuisine\nSausages\nAmerican sausages\nAmerican pork dishes", "This is a list of notable hams and ham products. Ham is pork that has been preserved through salting, smoking, or wet curing. It was traditionally made only from the hind leg of swine, and referred to that specific cut of pork. Ham is made around the world, including a number of highly coveted regional specialties, such as Westphalian ham and jamón serrano.\n\nTechnically a processed meat, \"ham\" may refer to a product which has been through mechanical reforming. The precise nature of meat termed \"ham\" is controlled by statute in a number of areas, including the United States and European Union. In addition, numerous ham products have specific geographical indication protection, such as Prosciutto di Parma and Prosciutto Toscano PDO in Europe, and Smithfield ham in the United States.\n\nHams and ham products\n\nBulgaria\n Elenski but is a dry-cured ham from the town of Elena in northern Bulgaria and a popular delicacy throughout the country. The meat has a specific taste and can be preserved for several years, owing much to the special process of making and the climatic conditions of the part of Stara Planina where Elena is located.\n\nChina\n\n Anfu ham is a dry-cured ham from Anfu, Jiangxi, China, documented starting in the Qin Dynasty. It is eaten alone and also used as an ingredient to add flavor to various dishes.\n Jinhua ham is a type of dry-cured ham named after the city of Jinhua, where it is produced, in the Zhejiang province of eastern China. The ham is used in Chinese cuisine to flavor stewed and braised foods, as well as for making the stocks and broths of many Chinese soups. It is prepared using the Tongcheng pig and has been described as \"the most prized ham in all of China\".\n Rugao ham is a dry-cured ham that originated in Jiangsu province, China, and was first prepared in 1851. Rugao ham is named after Rugao in Jiangsu province and is produced in a diverse variety of flavors, colors, and weights.\n Xuanwei ham – a local dish in the Qujing prefecture in Yunnan province, China. Xuanwei ham has a 250-year history dating back to 1766. In 1909 it was first mass-produced and gained popularity. It is also used as an ingredient in various dishes.\n\nCzech Republic\n\n Prague ham is a brine-cured, stewed, and mildly beechwood-smoked boneless ham originally from Prague in Bohemia (Czech Republic).\n\nEngland\n York ham is a historical ham from Yorkshire, England; it is a mild-flavoured ham with delicate pink coloring. York ham is traditionally served with Madeira sauce. A lightly smoked, dry-cured ham, York ham is saltier but milder in flavour than other European dry-cured hams. Folklore has it that the oak construction for York Minster provided the sawdust for smoking the ham. Robert Burrow Atkinson's butchery shop, in Blossom Street, is the birthplace of the original \"York ham\" and the reason why the premises became famous.\n\n Wiltshire cure ham is a historical ham from Wiltshire, England\n\n Shropshire Black Ham or Bradenham ham\n\nFrance\n Bayonne ham is a cured ham that takes its name from the ancient port city of Bayonne in the far south-west of France, a city located in both the cultural regions of Basque Country and Gascony. Jambon de Bayonne has protected geographical indication (PGI) status.\n\nGermany\n\n Ammerländer Schinken is a dry-cured (and normally smoked) ham produced in the Ammerland area of northern Germany. It has PGI status under European Union law.\n Black Forest ham is a variety of dry-cured, smoked ham produced in the Black Forest region of Germany.\n Westphalian ham is produced from acorn-fed pigs raised in the forests of Westphalia, Germany, and the resulting meat is dry-cured and then smoked over a mixture of beechwood and juniper branches.\n\nIreland\n Limerick ham is a method of preparing a joint of ham in the cuisine of Ireland. The method was originally developed in County Limerick, Ireland.\n\nItaly\n\n Culatello is similar to prosciutto, but is made from the filet or loin of the hind leg; it originated in Parma, Italy.\n Prosciutto is an Italian dry-cured ham that is usually thinly sliced and served uncooked; this style is called prosciutto crudo in Italian (or simply crudo).\nCrudo di Cuneo PDO (Piedmont)\nProsciutto di Carpegna PDO (Marche)\nProsciutto di Modena PDO (Emilia-Romagna)\nProsciutto di Parma PDO (Emilia-Romagna)\nProsciutto di San Daniele PDO (Friuli-Venezia Giulia)\nProsciutto toscano PDO (Tuscany)\nProsciutto Veneto Berico-Euganeo PDO (Veneto)\nProsciutto amatriciano PGI (Lazio)\nProsciutto di Norcia PGI (Umbria)\nProsciutto di Sauris PGI (Friuli-Venezia Giulia)\n Speck Alto Adige PGI is a dry-cured, lightly smoked ham (prosciutto in Italian), produced in South Tyrol, northern Italy. Parts of its production are regulated by the European Union under the PGI status. In Italy and Turkey parts of the English-speaking culinary world, the term \"speck\" refers to Italian Speck Alto Adige PGI, a type of prosciutto.\n Tyrolean Speck – a distinctively juniper-flavored, boneless ham originally from Tyrol, an historical region that since 1918 partially lies in Italy. The first historical mention of Tyrolean Speck' was in the early 13th century, when some of the current production techniques were already in use.\n Vallée d’Aoste Jambon de Bosses is a spicy, cured ham product from Saint-Rhémy-en-Bosses in the Aosta Valley in Italy, one of the region's specialties. It was awarded protected designation of origin (PDO) status by the European Union.\n\nLuxembourg\n Éisleker ham, literally \"Oesling ham\", is a speciality from the Oesling region in the north of Luxembourg, which is produced from the hind legs of pigs. Traditionally, it was prepared by marinating the hams in herbs and vinegar for several days, then hanging them in a chimney for long periods of cold smoking. Today, the meat is cured in brine for two weeks and placed in a smoker fed from beech and oak chips for about a week.\n\nMontenegro\n\n Njeguški pršut is a dry-cured ham served uncooked, similar to Italian prosciutto; it is a specialty of Njeguši, a village in Montenegro\n\nPortugal\n Jamón ibérico is produced in Spain and Portugal, from the local breed of acorn-fed pigs.\n Presunto is a dry-cured ham from Portugal, similar to Spanish jamón or Italian prosciutto crudo.\n\nSpain\n\n Jamón serrano or simply Jamón - A dry-cured ham and one of the most well known foods of Spanish cuisine. It has traditional specialities guaranteed (TSG) status.\n Jamón ibérico – A variety of Jamón produced in Spain and Portugal, made from black Iberian pigs instead of white breeds. It includes the world's most expensive hams.\n Lacón Gallego is a dried ham product from Galicia, with PGI status under European law\n\nUnited States\n\n Chipped chopped ham is a processed ham luncheon meat made from chopped ham. Chopped ham is a mixture of ham chunks and trimmings and seasonings, ground together and then packaged into loaves.\n City ham is the name for a variety of brine-cured hams that are not dry-cured or dried, so must be refrigerated for safe storage. It is known simply as \"ham\" in regions of the U.S. where country ham is unknown.\n Country ham is a variety of dry-cured ham, referring to a method of curing and smoking done in the parts of the Southeast U.S. states of North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Georgia, Kentucky, Missouri, and other nearby states.\n Glazed ham in the U.S. is coated with a flavored or spiced sugar solution (glazed) ham before cooking. \n Smithfield ham is a specific form of country ham finish-cured in the town of Smithfield in Isle of Wight County in the Hampton Roads region of Virginia, United States.\n\nSee also\n\n Ham hock \n Ham sausage\n List of dried foods\n List of ham dishes\n List of pork dishes\n List of smoked foods\n Turkey ham – a processed food made primarily from cooked or cured turkey meat and water, formed into the shape of a ham and often sold pre-sliced.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nHams" ]

[ "Stevie Ray Vaughan", "First recordings", "In what year did Stevie Ray Vaughan start recording?", "In September 1970, Vaughan made his first studio recordings with the band Cast of Thousands,", "What songs were on his first album?", "They recorded two songs, \"Red, White and Blue\" and \"I Heard a Voice Last Night\",", "What other musicians did SRV play with on his first recordings?", "feeling confined by playing pop hits with Liberation, Vaughan formed his own band, Blackbird.", "How did critics receive his first recordings?", "the album was rejected by A&M,", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "In mid-1973, they signed a contract with Bill Ham, manager for ZZ Top,", "Did SRV tour with ZZ Top?", "played various gigs across the South,", "What happened on the tour across the South?", "Ham left the band stranded in Mississippi without any way to make it back home", "Who is Ham?", "Bill Ham, manager for ZZ Top," ]

[ "Time Reef is a Big Finish Productions audio drama based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It is a three part adventure, released with the single episode story that follows it, A Perfect World.\n\nPlot\nThe Doctor and Nyssa have returned to the TARDIS to find it missing various pieces of equipment and its dimensions unstable. Thomas Brewster refuses to explain where he has been since he \"borrowed\" the TARDIS and what has happened to it. Drawn by a distress beacon, the TARDIS crash lands on a time reef where the interior subsequently implodes, leaving the companions stranded. They need to find their way back to normal space.\n\nBrewster originally stole the TARDIS in The Haunting of Thomas Brewster, leaving the Doctor and Nyssa stranded in Victorian London. They regain the TARDIS in the following story, The Boy That Time Forgot.\n\nCast\nThe Doctor — Peter Davison\nNyssa — Sarah Sutton\nThomas Brewster – John Pickard\nCommander Gammades – Nicholas Farrell\nLady Vuyoki – Beth Chalmers\nThe Ruhk – Sean Biggerstaff\nLucor – Sean Connolly\n\nExternal links\nTime Reef – Big Finish\n \n\n2008 audio plays\nFifth Doctor audio plays", "Don Juan Manuel's Tales of Count Lucanor, in Spanish Libro de los ejemplos del conde Lucanor y de Patronio (Book of the Examples of Count Lucanor and of Patronio), also commonly known as El Conde Lucanor, Libro de Patronio, or Libro de los ejemplos (original Old Castilian: Libro de los enxiemplos del Conde Lucanor et de Patronio), is one of the earliest works of prose in Castilian Spanish. It was first written in 1335.\n\nThe book is divided into four parts. The first and most well-known part is a series of 51 short stories (some no more than a page or two) drawn from various sources, such as Aesop and other classical writers, and Arabic folktales.\n\nTales of Count Lucanor was first printed in 1575 when it was published at Seville under the auspices of Argote de Molina. It was again printed at Madrid in 1642, after which it lay forgotten for nearly two centuries.\n\nPurpose and structure\n\nA didactic, moralistic purpose, which would color so much of the Spanish literature to follow (see Novela picaresca), is the mark of this book. Count Lucanor engages in conversation with his advisor Patronio, putting to him a problem (\"Some man has made me a proposition...\" or \"I fear that such and such person intends to...\") and asking for advice. Patronio responds always with the greatest humility, claiming not to wish to offer advice to so illustrious a person as the Count, but offering to tell him a story of which the Count's problem reminds him. (Thus, the stories are \"examples\" [ejemplos] of wise action.) At the end he advises the Count to do as the protagonist of his story did.\n\nEach chapter ends in more or less the same way, with slight variations on: \"And this pleased the Count greatly and he did just so, and found it well. And Don Johán (Juan) saw that this example was very good, and had it written in this book, and composed the following verses.\" A rhymed couplet closes, giving the moral of the story.\n\nOrigin of stories and influence on later literature\nMany of the stories written in the book are the first examples written in a modern European language of various stories, which many other writers would use in the proceeding centuries. Many of the stories he included were themselves derived from other stories, coming from western and Arab sources.\n\nShakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew has the basic elements of Tale 35, \"What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\".\n\nTale 32, \"What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth\" tells the story that Hans Christian Andersen made popular as The Emperor's New Clothes.\n\nStory 7, \"What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana\", a version of Aesop's The Milkmaid and Her Pail, was claimed by Max Müller to originate in the Hindu cycle Panchatantra.\n\nTale 2, \"What happened to a good Man and his Son, leading a beast to market,\" is the familiar fable The miller, his son and the donkey.\n\nIn 2016, Baroque Decay released a game under the name \"The Count Lucanor\". As well as some protagonists' names, certain events from the books inspired past events in the game.\n\nThe stories\n\nThe book opens with a prologue which introduces the characters of the Count and Patronio. The titles in the following list are those given in Keller and Keating's 1977 translation into English. James York's 1868 translation into English gives a significantly different ordering of the stories and omits the fifty-first.\n\n What Happened to a King and His Favorite \n What Happened to a Good Man and His Son \n How King Richard of England Leapt into the Sea against the Moors\n What a Genoese Said to His Soul When He Was about to Die \n What Happened to a Fox and a Crow Who Had a Piece of Cheese in His Beak\n How the Swallow Warned the Other Birds When She Saw Flax Being Sown \n What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana \n What Happened to a Man Whose Liver Had to Be Washed \n What Happened to Two Horses Which Were Thrown to the Lion \n What Happened to a Man Who on Account of Poverty and Lack of Other Food Was Eating Bitter Lentils \n What Happened to a Dean of Santiago de Compostela and Don Yllán, the Grand Master of Toledo\n What Happened to the Fox and the Rooster \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Hunting Partridges \n The Miracle of Saint Dominick When He Preached against the Usurer \n What Happened to Lorenzo Suárez at the Siege of Seville \n The Reply that count Fernán González Gave to His Relative Núño Laynes \n What Happened to a Very Hungry Man Who Was Half-heartedly Invited to Dinner \n What Happened to Pero Meléndez de Valdés When He Broke His Leg \n What Happened to the Crows and the Owls \n What Happened to a King for Whom a Man Promised to Perform Alchemy \n What Happened to a Young King and a Philosopher to Whom his Father Commended Him \n What Happened to the Lion and the Bull \n How the Ants Provide for Themselves \n What Happened to the King Who Wanted to Test His Three Sons \n What Happened to the Count of Provence and How He Was Freed from Prison by the Advice of Saladin\n What Happened to the Tree of Lies \n What Happened to an Emperor and to Don Alvarfáñez Minaya and Their Wives \n What Happened in Granada to Don Lorenzo Suárez Gallinato When He Beheaded the Renegade Chaplain \n What Happened to a Fox Who Lay down in the Street to Play Dead \n What Happened to King Abenabet of Seville and Ramayquía His Wife \n How a Cardinal Judged between the Canons of Paris and the Friars Minor \n What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth \n What Happened to Don Juan Manuel's Saker Falcon and an Eagle and a Heron \n What Happened to a Blind Man Who Was Leading Another \n What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\n What Happened to a Merchant When He Found His Son and His Wife Sleeping Together \n What Happened to Count Fernán González with His Men after He Had Won the Battle of Hacinas \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Loaded down with Precious Stones and Drowned in the River \n What Happened to a Man and a Swallow and a Sparrow \n Why the Seneschal of Carcassonne Lost His Soul \n What Happened to a King of Córdova Named Al-Haquem \n What Happened to a Woman of Sham Piety \n What Happened to Good and Evil and the Wise Man and the Madman \n What Happened to Don Pero Núñez the Loyal, to Don Ruy González de Zavallos, and to Don Gutier Roiz de Blaguiello with Don Rodrigo the Generous \n What Happened to a Man Who Became the Devil's Friend and Vassal \n What Happened to a Philosopher who by Accident Went down a Street Where Prostitutes Lived \n What Befell a Moor and His Sister Who Pretended That She Was Timid \n What Happened to a Man Who Tested His Friends \n What Happened to the Man Whom They Cast out Naked on an Island When They Took away from Him the Kingdom He Ruled \n What Happened to Saladin and a Lady, the Wife of a Knight Who Was His Vassal \n What Happened to a Christian King Who Was Very Powerful and Haughty\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n\nBibliography\n\n Sturm, Harlan\n\n Wacks, David\n\nExternal links\n\nThe Internet Archive provides free access to the 1868 translation by James York.\nJSTOR has the to the 1977 translation by Keller and Keating.\nSelections in English and Spanish (pedagogical edition) with introduction, notes, and bibliography in Open Iberia/América (open access teaching anthology)\n\n14th-century books\nSpanish literature\n1335 books" ]

[ "Stevie Ray Vaughan", "First recordings", "In what year did Stevie Ray Vaughan start recording?", "In September 1970, Vaughan made his first studio recordings with the band Cast of Thousands,", "What songs were on his first album?", "They recorded two songs, \"Red, White and Blue\" and \"I Heard a Voice Last Night\",", "What other musicians did SRV play with on his first recordings?", "feeling confined by playing pop hits with Liberation, Vaughan formed his own band, Blackbird.", "How did critics receive his first recordings?", "the album was rejected by A&M,", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "In mid-1973, they signed a contract with Bill Ham, manager for ZZ Top,", "Did SRV tour with ZZ Top?", "played various gigs across the South,", "What happened on the tour across the South?", "Ham left the band stranded in Mississippi without any way to make it back home", "Who is Ham?", "Bill Ham, manager for ZZ Top,", "What happened after they were stranded?", "demanded reimbursement from Vaughan for equipment expenses; Ham was never reimbursed." ]

[ "Jason Jacobson (born June 8, 1977) is a Canadian curler from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.\n\nCareer\nJacobson won the 2009 Saskatchewan provincial mixed championship playing second on a team skipped by Darrell McKee. The team represented Saskatchewan at the 2009 Canadian Mixed Curling Championship, where they finished third. After finishing 9-2 in the round robin, they would lose in the semi-final to Ontario.\n\nJacobson is a long-time competitor on the World Curling Tour. He played in his first Grand Slam event playing third for the Jeff Sharp rink at the 2003 Players' Championship, where they would lose all of their matches. The next season Jacobson joined the Brad Heidt rink at third. The team played in two Grand Slams in the 2003-04 season. They failed to make the playoffs at the 2003 Canadian Open but did much better at the 2004 Players' Championship, placing in 4th place after losing in a rare 3rd place game. That season, he won two Tour events, the Russell Beef & Barley Classic and the SGI Canada Charity Classic. The next season, the team won the 2004 Whites Drug Store Classic. Jacobson left the team in 2005.\n\nAfter playing third for the Steve Laycock rink for one season, Jacobson joined the Bruce Korte team in 2006, playing second for the team. The team would play in the 2007 Players' Championship, making it to the quarterfinals, where they lost to Randy Ferbey. The team also won the 2006 Whites Drug Store Classic that season. Jacobson left the Korte team after that one season. He then would join the Darrell McKee for two seasons, then the Clint Dieno, for one season, then formed his own team for the 2010-11 season, then joined the McKee rink again in 2011-12 before once again forming his own team in 2012. Jacobson did not win any tour events until winning the 2016 Medicine Hat Charity Classic.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nLiving people\n1977 births\nCurlers from Saskatoon\nCanadian male curlers", "The 1998 New Zealand rugby league tour of Great Britain was a tour by the New Zealand national rugby league team. The New Zealand national rugby league team defeated Great Britain 2–0 in the three match test series.\n\nBackground\nNew Zealand arrived in Great Britain for the first time since the 1995 World Cup, having already lost a test series 1–2 with Australia. It was the first full tour of Great Britain by a New Zealand side since 1993.\n\nMany of the squad, including coach Frank Endacott, had been involved in the Auckland Warriors' 1998 season, where they had finished 15th out of 20 clubs. In addition to this the Auckland Rugby League were looking to sell the club during the tour.\n\nSquad\nThe squad included two sets of brothers; the Iros, Kevin and Tony and the Pauls, Robbie and Henry.\n\nCoach: Frank Endacott (Auckland Warriors)\n\nFixtures\nThey won the first two test matches 22–16 and 36–16 before being held to a 23-all draw in the third and final test match. Australian referee Bill Harrigan controlled all three Test matches.\n\nIn the second test match Great Britain were ahead 16–8 at halftime before letting in 28 points in the second half to lose the match and the series.\n\nAftermath\nNew Zealand next competed against Great Britain in the 1999 Tri-Nations but did not tour Great Britain again until the 2000 World Cup. The next full tour was conducted in 2002 which saw a drawn test series 1-all.\n\nThe Auckland Warriors were sold to a consortium that included majority investor the Tainui tribe as well as Graham Lowe and Malcolm Boyle. Kiwi coach Frank Endacott was replaced as Warriors coach and several Kiwis left the club included Stephen Kearney, Quentin Pongia, and Kevin Iro. Endacott's next coaching assignment would be the 1999 ANZAC Test on 23 April.\n\nReferences\n\nNew Zealand national rugby league team tours\nGreat Britain\nNew Zealand rugby league tour of Great Britain\nNew Zealand rugby league tour of Great Britain\nRugby league tours of Great Britain" ]

[ "Stevie Ray Vaughan", "First recordings", "In what year did Stevie Ray Vaughan start recording?", "In September 1970, Vaughan made his first studio recordings with the band Cast of Thousands,", "What songs were on his first album?", "They recorded two songs, \"Red, White and Blue\" and \"I Heard a Voice Last Night\",", "What other musicians did SRV play with on his first recordings?", "feeling confined by playing pop hits with Liberation, Vaughan formed his own band, Blackbird.", "How did critics receive his first recordings?", "the album was rejected by A&M,", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "In mid-1973, they signed a contract with Bill Ham, manager for ZZ Top,", "Did SRV tour with ZZ Top?", "played various gigs across the South,", "What happened on the tour across the South?", "Ham left the band stranded in Mississippi without any way to make it back home", "Who is Ham?", "Bill Ham, manager for ZZ Top,", "What happened after they were stranded?", "demanded reimbursement from Vaughan for equipment expenses; Ham was never reimbursed.", "Where did they tour next?", "For the next two-and-a-half years, he earned a living performing weekly at a popular venue in town, the Soap Creek Saloon," ]

[ "Zoran Dukić (born 1969 Zagreb) is a Croatian classical guitarist. Between 1990 and 1997, Dukić won more competitions than any other guitarist.\n\nLife\n\nHe started to play the guitar at the age of six. He graduated from the Music Academy of Zagreb with Darko Petrinjak and completed his studies with Hubert Käppel at the Hochschule für Music in Cologne, Germany.\n\nHe teaches at the Koninklijk Conservatorium in The Hague and at the Escola Superior de Música de Catalunya in Barcelona.\n\nSabrina Vlaškalić left Serbia to study with Zoran Dukic in The Hague. She said Dukic did not teach her guitar skills but to listen. He would have her listen and then imitate the subtle differences in the performances of Julian Bream or Ida Presti.\n\nRecordings\nAudio recordings at Plushmusic\nMario Castelnuovo-Tedesco: 24 Caprichos de Goya (Naxos 8.572252-53) - Recording: 2008\nDEWA, Stefan Soewandi - Guitarworks II (double CD) (kr 10043, Kreuzberg Records); Dukic and other guitarists - Recording: 1999\nTárrega, Antonio José, Bach, Takemitsu (1023-OPE, Ópera tres) - Recording: 1996\nPrintemps de la Guitare 94 (DMP 9522C, Plein Jeu) - Recording: 1994\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nAudio recordings at Plushmusic\n\nCroatian classical guitarists\n1969 births\nLiving people\nRoyal Conservatory of The Hague faculty", "WPAQ is an Americana, and Bluegrass-formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Mount Airy, North Carolina, serving the Piedmont of North Carolina and the Southside and Southwestern sections of Virginia. WPAQ is owned and operated by WPAQ Radio, Inc.\n\nHistory\nRalph Epperson observed in 1948 that the popularity of old-time music was falling off, and one area radio station needed to take on the job of preserving it. As a child he enjoyed listening to distant AM radio stations, and in college he changed his major to radio technology. He worked for the United States Naval Research Laboratory before going into broadcasting, and he never dreamed he would own a radio station. But Epperson, his father, and cousin, literally built the new radio station, including the 305-foot tower still used over 65 years later. So much cursing took place that, according to Epperson, one minister said it would take a six-month revival meeting to make up for it. Fiddle player Benton Flippen helped dedicate the new studio February 1, 1948, the night before actual broadcasts began.\n\nEpperson's \"Merry Go-Round,\" which began airing on WPAQ in 1948, was the third-longest live-music show on radio in 1998 (The Grand Ole Opry was the longest-running). In the mid-1990s, the show moved to the Downtown Cinema. At one time, Epperson made recordings of the live performances to air later, and he continued to play these recordings in the 1990s on another show he hosted.\n\nEpperson did pretty much everything, working as a DJ during the day, selling air time, repairing equipment, sometimes sleeping on a cot at the station before he got married.\n\nAmong the big names who played on WPAQ: Bill Monroe's brother Charlie Monroe, Grandpa Jones, Little Jimmy Dickens, Del Reeves, Ralph Stanley, Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs, and Mac Wiseman. Among those local performers making appearances was Tommy Jarrell, a fiddle player from Surry County.\n\nIn the 1950s, WPAQ increased its power to 10,000 watts.\n\nWPAQ has consistently aired Christian music and preaching with entirely a bluegrass and old-time music format, and big band music in the evenings from 6 p.m. until sundown. In addition to music, WPAQ offered local news, community announcements and obituaries. Live broadcasts aired on weekends, with performers waiting as long as six months to go on the air.\n\nPaul Brown, who later became program director of WFDD, worked at WPAQ in the 1980s. He described his experience as \"like walking into another era.\"\n\nThe Winston-Salem Journal article on the station's 50th anniversary described the studios this way:\n\nLittle has changed since Flippin [sic] and his players jammed in Epperson's studio that first night. The golden, 6-inch-thick pine doors built by Epperson's cousin to cloak the sound in the station's studios remain in place. Epperson still uses some of the same equipment he installed at the beginning -- black, hulking boxes of electronics with sturdy knobs and rounded, glass gauges.\n\nUnlike other stations that changed in order to make money, WPAQ remained committed to its traditions.\n\nIn 1996, WPAQ took over WSYD, the other area AM station. Epperson and his wife Earlene owned WBRF in Galax, Virginia.\n\nIn 2005, the Surry Arts Council, using a grant from the North Carolina Arts Council, began working to preserve Epperson's extensive collection of recordings, including lacquered discs and reel-to-reel tapes. The recordings had been stored in boxes, but they were moved to a climate-controlled environment. Then, after an inventory, about 1,000 hours of recordings went to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for cleaning and digital recording, which would allow transfer to compact discs and the Internet. The original recordings were moved to the Southern Folklife Collection.\n\nIn 2006, Epperson was inducted into the North Carolina Broadcasters Hall of Fame.\n\nEpperson's death on May 31, 2006 led to rumors the station would make changes, but his son Kelly Epperson, who had taken over the station, did not plan to change—at least not what the station did. He did change how it was done. On April 5, 2007, which would have been Epperson's 86th birthday, WPAQ began streaming over the Internet—with Flippen playing his fiddle once again for the occasion—allowing the station to be heard all over the world. And responses came from all over the world. Streaming continued even after a significant increase in costs for royalties.\n\nThe station must power down to 7 watts at night to protect clear-channel stations, including CFZM in Toronto, Ontario.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n WPAQ AM740 Online\n\nPAQ" ]

[ "Harry Price", "Borley Rectory" ]

[ "Borley is a village and civil parish in rural north Essex, England close to the border with Suffolk. It is located near the River Stour. The closest town is Sudbury, Suffolk,\napproximately southeast of Borley; Sudbury is also the Post Town used by Royal Mail for Borley. The neighbouring parishes are Foxearth, Belchamp Walter and Bulmer.\n\nHistory\nThe name Borley may be a compound of the Saxon words \"Bap\" and \"Ley\", that is \"Boar's Pasture\". Recent local research suggests that the name Borley may be derived from the Celtic ‘borle’, meaning ‘summer meadows’ which are still a prominent feature of the area. A smaller parish, Borley Parva, was joined with Foxearth in the Middle Ages.\n\nIn the 11th century, the manor of Borley was held by a freeman called Lewin; by 1086, the Domesday Book records Borley manor in the hands of Adeliza, Countess of Albemarle (half-sister of William the Conqueror); it was subsequently transferred to Edward I.\n\nA document from 1308 sets out the 'Extent' of the manor, listing the main occupants and the rental income. Forty-six people are named in the extent: seven as free tenants, seven as molmen, 27 as villeins and five as cotemen – with an estimated population of 230. In 1346, the manor of Borley was transferred to the priory of Christ Church, Canterbury.\n\nFrom the 16th century, Borley was associated with the Waldegraves, one of the leading Essex Catholic families. Sir Edward Waldegrave, a courtier to Queen Mary, purchased the manor of Borley in 1546 and it became his principal residence. He died in the Tower of London in 1561 aged forty-four having fallen out of favour with Queen Elizabeth; his widow, Lady Frances Neville, later erected a monument to him and herself in Borley Church.\n\nFrom early times until local government reforms in 1894, Borley was one of the parishes in the Hinckford Hundred. It then became an area in Belchamp Rural District Council until that, in turn, was abolished in 1974 with the creation of Braintree District Council.\n\nLocal government\nDue to its small population, decision-making at parish level is through a Parish Meeting open to all electors rather than an elected council. \nBorley is in part of England having two tiers of \"principal\" local authorities. It is one of 12 parishes making up Stour Valley North Ward, which is represented by a district councillor on Braintree District Council. It is also within the area of Essex County Council, represented by one county councillor as part of the Hedingham County Electoral Division.\n\nFor elections to the UK Parliament, Borley is in the constituency of Braintree.\n\nNatural and built environment\n\nBorley consists of three clusters of buildings: one closest to the River Stour, including the village hall; one around the parish church; and a third at Borley Green. In 2012, there were 89 voting residents in a total of around 110, occupying 49 dwellings. Borley is notable for the high proportion of Listed Buildings. There are 15 Grade II listed houses, including Borley Hall (the fragment of a once much larger house), Borley Place (at one time the rectory) and Borley Lodge. The Grade I listed church (dedication unknown) is a small building of stone originally in the Romanesque/Early English style of the late 12th and early 13th centuries. Pevsner notes that a \"topiary walk to the porch is the most notable feature of the church\".\n\nThere is no \"defined village envelope\" and therefore for planning purposes, Borley and Borely Green (an area of grassland owned by Braintree District Council) are considered to be \"countryside\". Borley is located within Natural England's South Suffok and North Essex Clayland National Character Area, with \"an ancient landscape of wooded arable countryside with a distinct sense of enclosure\".\n\nBorley in popular culture\n\nDuring the 20th century, Borley became well known for the 'Borley Rectory Affair', involving the supposed haunting of a Victorian rectory (demolished in 1944). Beginning in 1929, psychical researcher Harry Price generated a story that captured the attention of the nation and convinced many of the proof of the permanence of the spirit after death. His supposed activities were reported widely by the press of that time, and Price published several popular books on the subject that brought him considerable fame. After Price's death, the story began to unravel under the scrutiny of experts from the Society for Psychical Research. The Society went through the records with great tenacity, suspecting that Price had exaggerated evidence to sensationalise events and to suggest supernatural causes for mundane phenomena. Any possible evidence of ghosts was irredeemably contaminated by Price's behaviour and the manipulation of the facts in his two books, The Most Haunted House in England and The End of Borley Rectory, produced during and immediately after the Second World War.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n The Foxearth and District Local History Society (covering Borley and surrounding area)\n Borley Parish Meeting\n\nVillages in Essex\nBraintree District", "Borley Rectory was a house famous for being described as \"the most haunted house in England\" by psychic researcher Harry Price. Built in 1862 to house the rector of the parish of Borley and his family, it was badly damaged by fire in 1939 and demolished in 1944.\n\nThe large Gothic-style rectory in the village of Borley had been alleged to be haunted ever since it was built. These reports multiplied suddenly in 1929, after the Daily Mirror published an account of a visit by paranormal researcher Harry Price, who wrote two books supporting claims of paranormal activity.\n\nPrice's reports prompted a formal study by the Society for Psychical Research (SPR), which rejected most of the sightings as either imagined or fabricated and cast doubt on Price's credibility. His claims are now generally discredited by ghost historians. However, neither the SPR's report nor the more recent biography of Price has quelled public interest in these stories, and new books and television documentaries continue to satisfy public fascination with the rectory.\n\nA short programme commissioned by the BBC about the alleged manifestations, scheduled to be broadcast in September 1956, was cancelled owing to concerns about a possible legal action by Marianne Foyster, widow of the last rector to live in the house.\nIn 1975, the BBC aired a programme entitled The Ghost Hunters that focussed on Borley Rectory and conducted interviews with several psychic researchers, including Peter Underwood. It also featured a late-night psychic investigation of nearby Borley Church.\n\nHistory\nBorley Rectory was constructed on Hall Road near Borley Church by the Reverend Henry Dawson Ellis Bull in 1862; he moved in a year after being named rector of the parish. The house replaced an earlier rectory on the site that had been destroyed by fire in 1841. It was eventually enlarged by the addition of a wing to house Bull's family of fourteen children.\n\nThe nearby church, the nave of which may date from the 12th century, serves a scattered rural community of three hamlets that make up the parish. There are several substantial farmhouses and the fragmentary remains of Borley Hall, once the seat of the Waldegrave family. Ghost hunters quote the legend of a Benedictine monastery supposedly built in this area in about 1362, according to which a monk from the monastery conducted a relationship with a nun from a nearby convent. After their affair was discovered, the monk was executed and the nun reportedly bricked up alive in the convent walls. It was confirmed in 1938 that this legend had no historical basis known and could have been fabricated by the rector's children to romanticise their Gothic-style red-brick rectory. The story of the walling up of the nun may have come from Rider Haggard's novel Montezuma's Daughter (1893) or Walter Scott's epic poem Marmion (1808).\n\nHauntings\n\nThe first paranormal events reportedly occurred in about 1863, since a few locals later remembered having heard unexplained footsteps within the house at about that time. On 28 July 1900, four daughters of the rector, Henry Dawson Ellis Bull, saw what they thought was the ghost of a nun at twilight, about from the house; they tried to talk to it, but it disappeared as they got closer. The local organist Ernest Ambrose later said that the family at the rectory were \"very convinced that they had seen an apparition on several occasions\". Various people claimed to have witnessed a variety of puzzling incidents, such as a phantom coach driven by two headless horsemen, during the next four decades. Bull died in 1892 and his son, the Reverend Henry (\"Harry\") Foyster Bull, took over the living.\n\nOn 9 June 1927, Harry Bull died and the rectory again became vacant. In the following year, on the second day of October, the Reverend Guy Eric Smith and his wife moved into the house. Soon after moving in, Smith's wife, while cleaning out a cupboard, came across a brown paper package containing the skull of a young woman. Shortly after, the family reported a variety of incidents including the sounds of servant bells ringing despite their being disconnected, lights appearing in windows and unexplained footsteps. In addition, Smith's wife believed she saw a horse-drawn carriage at night. The Smiths contacted the Daily Mirror asking to be put in touch with the Society for Psychical Research (SPR). On 10 June 1929 the newspaper sent a reporter, who promptly wrote the first in a series of articles detailing the mysteries of Borley. The paper also arranged for Harry Price, a paranormal researcher, to make his first visit to the house. He arrived on 12 June and immediately phenomena of a new kind appeared, such as the throwing of stones, a vase and other objects. \"Spirit messages\" were tapped out from the frame of a mirror. As soon as Price left, these ceased. Smith's wife later maintained that she already suspected Price, an expert conjurer, of falsifying the phenomena.\n\nThe Smiths left Borley on 14 July 1929 and the parish had some difficulty in finding a replacement. The following year the Reverend Lionel Algernon Foyster (1878–1945), a first cousin of the Bulls, and his wife Marianne (née Mary Anne Emily Rebecca Shaw) (1899–1992) moved into the rectory with their adopted daughter Adelaide, on 16 October 1930. Lionel Foyster wrote an account of various strange incidents that occurred between the time the Foysters moved in and October 1935, which was sent to Harry Price. These included bell-ringing, windows shattering, throwing of stones and bottles, wall-writing and the locking of their daughter in a room with no key. Marianne Foyster reported to her husband a whole range of poltergeist phenomena that included her being thrown from her bed. On one occasion, Adelaide was attacked by \"something horrible\". Foyster tried twice to conduct an exorcism, but his efforts were fruitless; in the middle of the first exorcism, he was struck in the shoulder by a fist-size stone. Because of the publicity in the Daily Mirror, these incidents attracted the attention of several psychic researchers, who after investigation were unanimous in suspecting that they were caused, consciously or unconsciously, by Marianne Foyster. She later said that she felt that some of the incidents were caused by her husband in concert with one of the psychic researchers, but other events appeared to her to be genuine paranormal phenomena.\n\nShe later admitted that she was having a sexual relationship with the lodger Frank Pearless, and that she used paranormal explanations, to cover up her liaisons.\n\nThe Foysters left Borley in October 1935 as a result of Lionel Foyster's ill health.\n\nPrice investigation\nBorley remained vacant for some time after the Foysters' departure. In May 1937, Price took out a year-long rental agreement with Queen Anne's Bounty, the owners of the property.\n\nThrough an advertisement in The Times on 25 May 1937 and subsequent personal interviews, Price recruited a corps of 48 \"official observers\", mostly students, who spent periods, mainly during weekends, at the rectory with instructions to report any phenomena that occurred. In March 1938 Helen Glanville (the daughter of S. J. Glanville, one of Price's helpers) conducted a planchette séance in Streatham in south London. Price reported that she made contact with two spirits, the first of which was that of a young nun who identified herself as Marie Lairre. According to the planchette story, Marie was a French nun who left her religious order and travelled to England to marry a member of the Waldegrave family, the owners of Borley's 17th-century manor house, Borley Hall. She was said to have been murdered in an older building on the site of the rectory, and her body either buried in the cellar or thrown into a disused well. The wall writings were alleged to be her pleas for help; one read \"Marianne, please help me get out\".\n\nThe second spirit to be contacted identified himself as Sunex Amures, and claimed that he would set fire to the rectory at nine o'clock that night, 27 March 1938. He also said that, at that time, the bones of a murdered person would be revealed.\n\nFire\n\nOn 27 February 1939 the new owner of the rectory, Captain W. H. Gregson, was unpacking boxes and accidentally knocked over an oil lamp in the hallway. The fire quickly spread and the house was severely damaged. After investigating the cause of the blaze the insurance company concluded that the fire seemed to have been started deliberately.\n\nA Miss Williams from nearby Borley Lodge said she saw the figure of the ghostly nun in the upstairs window and, according to Harry Price, demanded a fee of one guinea for her story. In August 1943, Price conducted a brief dig in the cellars of the ruined house and discovered two bones thought to be of a young woman.\n\nThe bones were given a Christian burial in Liston churchyard, after the parish of Borley refused to allow the ceremony to take place on account of the local opinion that the bones found were those of a pig.\n\nThe land of what was the Rectory has been divided up partly with a farm and four bungalows (probably built in the 1960's).\n\nSociety for Psychical Research investigation\n\nAfter Price's death in 1948, Daily Mail reporter Charles Sutton accused him of faking phenomena. Sutton claimed that whilst visiting the rectory with Price in 1929 he was hit on the head by a large pebble. Sutton stated that he seized Price and found his coat pockets filled with different sized stones.\n\nIn 1948, Eric Dingwall, K. M. Goldney and Trevor H. Hall, three members of the Society for Psychical Research (SPR), two of whom had been Price's most loyal associates, investigated his claims about Borley. Their findings were published in a 1956 book, The Haunting of Borley Rectory, which concluded that Price had fraudulently produced some of the phenomena.\n\nThe \"Borley Report\", as the SPR study has become known, stated that many of the phenomena were either faked or due to natural causes such as rats and the strange acoustics attributed to the odd shape of the house. In their conclusion, Dingwall, Goldney, and Hall wrote \"when analysed, the evidence for haunting and poltergeist activity for each and every period appears to diminish in force and finally to vanish away.\" Terence Hines wrote that \"Mrs. Marianne Foyster, wife of the Rev. Lionel Foyster who lived at the rectory from 1930 to 1935, was actively engaged in fraudulently creating [haunted] phenomena. Price himself 'salted the mine' and faked several phenomena while he was at the rectory.\"\n\nMarianne Foyster, later in her life, admitted she had seen no apparitions and that the alleged ghostly noises were caused by the wind, friends she invited to the house and in other cases by herself playing practical jokes on her husband. Many of the legends about the rectory had been invented. The children of the Rev. Harry Bull who lived in the house before Lionel Foyster claimed to have seen nothing and were surprised they had been living in what was described as England's most haunted house.\n\nRobert Hastings was one of the few SPR researchers to defend Price. Price's literary executor Paul Tabori and Peter Underwood have also defended Price against accusations of fraud. A similar approach was made by Ivan Banks in 1996. Michael Coleman in an SPR report in 1997 wrote that Price's defenders were unable to rebut the criticisms convincingly.\n\nFilm\nIn 2017, the part-animated film Borley Rectory: The Most Haunted House in England was released. It was written and directed by Ashley Thorpe and starred Reece Shearsmith and Jonathan Rigby.\n\nIn 2021, the feature film The Ghosts Of Borley Rectory was released. It was written and directed by Steven M. Smith and starred Julian Sands, Toyah Willcox, Colin Baker and Christopher Ellison.\n\nSee also\nList of ghosts\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n\nCitations\n\nBibliography\n\nFurther reading\n\nExternal links\n\nHarry Price Website – Contains a comprehensive section on Borley Rectory\nGhostbuster of Fraud by Simon Edge, reprinted in HarryPrice website\nLocal History site for Borley – Has a comprehensive historical analysis of the Borley Rectory affair\nLarge collection of photographs of Borley Rectory and the various participants of the affair \n Harry Price papers including archives on Borley Rectory\n 3D Interactive model built in Google Sketchup from the original Glanville plans\n\nClergy houses in England\nHouses in Essex\nEssex folklore\nParanormal hoaxes\nReportedly haunted locations in the East of England\nHouses completed in 1862" ]

[ "Harry Price", "Borley Rectory", "What is the Borley Rectory?", "Price was most famous for his investigation into the Borley Rectory, Essex." ]

[ "Borley Rectory was a house famous for being described as \"the most haunted house in England\" by psychic researcher Harry Price. Built in 1862 to house the rector of the parish of Borley and his family, it was badly damaged by fire in 1939 and demolished in 1944.\n\nThe large Gothic-style rectory in the village of Borley had been alleged to be haunted ever since it was built. These reports multiplied suddenly in 1929, after the Daily Mirror published an account of a visit by paranormal researcher Harry Price, who wrote two books supporting claims of paranormal activity.\n\nPrice's reports prompted a formal study by the Society for Psychical Research (SPR), which rejected most of the sightings as either imagined or fabricated and cast doubt on Price's credibility. His claims are now generally discredited by ghost historians. However, neither the SPR's report nor the more recent biography of Price has quelled public interest in these stories, and new books and television documentaries continue to satisfy public fascination with the rectory.\n\nA short programme commissioned by the BBC about the alleged manifestations, scheduled to be broadcast in September 1956, was cancelled owing to concerns about a possible legal action by Marianne Foyster, widow of the last rector to live in the house.\nIn 1975, the BBC aired a programme entitled The Ghost Hunters that focussed on Borley Rectory and conducted interviews with several psychic researchers, including Peter Underwood. It also featured a late-night psychic investigation of nearby Borley Church.\n\nHistory\nBorley Rectory was constructed on Hall Road near Borley Church by the Reverend Henry Dawson Ellis Bull in 1862; he moved in a year after being named rector of the parish. The house replaced an earlier rectory on the site that had been destroyed by fire in 1841. It was eventually enlarged by the addition of a wing to house Bull's family of fourteen children.\n\nThe nearby church, the nave of which may date from the 12th century, serves a scattered rural community of three hamlets that make up the parish. There are several substantial farmhouses and the fragmentary remains of Borley Hall, once the seat of the Waldegrave family. Ghost hunters quote the legend of a Benedictine monastery supposedly built in this area in about 1362, according to which a monk from the monastery conducted a relationship with a nun from a nearby convent. After their affair was discovered, the monk was executed and the nun reportedly bricked up alive in the convent walls. It was confirmed in 1938 that this legend had no historical basis known and could have been fabricated by the rector's children to romanticise their Gothic-style red-brick rectory. The story of the walling up of the nun may have come from Rider Haggard's novel Montezuma's Daughter (1893) or Walter Scott's epic poem Marmion (1808).\n\nHauntings\n\nThe first paranormal events reportedly occurred in about 1863, since a few locals later remembered having heard unexplained footsteps within the house at about that time. On 28 July 1900, four daughters of the rector, Henry Dawson Ellis Bull, saw what they thought was the ghost of a nun at twilight, about from the house; they tried to talk to it, but it disappeared as they got closer. The local organist Ernest Ambrose later said that the family at the rectory were \"very convinced that they had seen an apparition on several occasions\". Various people claimed to have witnessed a variety of puzzling incidents, such as a phantom coach driven by two headless horsemen, during the next four decades. Bull died in 1892 and his son, the Reverend Henry (\"Harry\") Foyster Bull, took over the living.\n\nOn 9 June 1927, Harry Bull died and the rectory again became vacant. In the following year, on the second day of October, the Reverend Guy Eric Smith and his wife moved into the house. Soon after moving in, Smith's wife, while cleaning out a cupboard, came across a brown paper package containing the skull of a young woman. Shortly after, the family reported a variety of incidents including the sounds of servant bells ringing despite their being disconnected, lights appearing in windows and unexplained footsteps. In addition, Smith's wife believed she saw a horse-drawn carriage at night. The Smiths contacted the Daily Mirror asking to be put in touch with the Society for Psychical Research (SPR). On 10 June 1929 the newspaper sent a reporter, who promptly wrote the first in a series of articles detailing the mysteries of Borley. The paper also arranged for Harry Price, a paranormal researcher, to make his first visit to the house. He arrived on 12 June and immediately phenomena of a new kind appeared, such as the throwing of stones, a vase and other objects. \"Spirit messages\" were tapped out from the frame of a mirror. As soon as Price left, these ceased. Smith's wife later maintained that she already suspected Price, an expert conjurer, of falsifying the phenomena.\n\nThe Smiths left Borley on 14 July 1929 and the parish had some difficulty in finding a replacement. The following year the Reverend Lionel Algernon Foyster (1878–1945), a first cousin of the Bulls, and his wife Marianne (née Mary Anne Emily Rebecca Shaw) (1899–1992) moved into the rectory with their adopted daughter Adelaide, on 16 October 1930. Lionel Foyster wrote an account of various strange incidents that occurred between the time the Foysters moved in and October 1935, which was sent to Harry Price. These included bell-ringing, windows shattering, throwing of stones and bottles, wall-writing and the locking of their daughter in a room with no key. Marianne Foyster reported to her husband a whole range of poltergeist phenomena that included her being thrown from her bed. On one occasion, Adelaide was attacked by \"something horrible\". Foyster tried twice to conduct an exorcism, but his efforts were fruitless; in the middle of the first exorcism, he was struck in the shoulder by a fist-size stone. Because of the publicity in the Daily Mirror, these incidents attracted the attention of several psychic researchers, who after investigation were unanimous in suspecting that they were caused, consciously or unconsciously, by Marianne Foyster. She later said that she felt that some of the incidents were caused by her husband in concert with one of the psychic researchers, but other events appeared to her to be genuine paranormal phenomena.\n\nShe later admitted that she was having a sexual relationship with the lodger Frank Pearless, and that she used paranormal explanations, to cover up her liaisons.\n\nThe Foysters left Borley in October 1935 as a result of Lionel Foyster's ill health.\n\nPrice investigation\nBorley remained vacant for some time after the Foysters' departure. In May 1937, Price took out a year-long rental agreement with Queen Anne's Bounty, the owners of the property.\n\nThrough an advertisement in The Times on 25 May 1937 and subsequent personal interviews, Price recruited a corps of 48 \"official observers\", mostly students, who spent periods, mainly during weekends, at the rectory with instructions to report any phenomena that occurred. In March 1938 Helen Glanville (the daughter of S. J. Glanville, one of Price's helpers) conducted a planchette séance in Streatham in south London. Price reported that she made contact with two spirits, the first of which was that of a young nun who identified herself as Marie Lairre. According to the planchette story, Marie was a French nun who left her religious order and travelled to England to marry a member of the Waldegrave family, the owners of Borley's 17th-century manor house, Borley Hall. She was said to have been murdered in an older building on the site of the rectory, and her body either buried in the cellar or thrown into a disused well. The wall writings were alleged to be her pleas for help; one read \"Marianne, please help me get out\".\n\nThe second spirit to be contacted identified himself as Sunex Amures, and claimed that he would set fire to the rectory at nine o'clock that night, 27 March 1938. He also said that, at that time, the bones of a murdered person would be revealed.\n\nFire\n\nOn 27 February 1939 the new owner of the rectory, Captain W. H. Gregson, was unpacking boxes and accidentally knocked over an oil lamp in the hallway. The fire quickly spread and the house was severely damaged. After investigating the cause of the blaze the insurance company concluded that the fire seemed to have been started deliberately.\n\nA Miss Williams from nearby Borley Lodge said she saw the figure of the ghostly nun in the upstairs window and, according to Harry Price, demanded a fee of one guinea for her story. In August 1943, Price conducted a brief dig in the cellars of the ruined house and discovered two bones thought to be of a young woman.\n\nThe bones were given a Christian burial in Liston churchyard, after the parish of Borley refused to allow the ceremony to take place on account of the local opinion that the bones found were those of a pig.\n\nThe land of what was the Rectory has been divided up partly with a farm and four bungalows (probably built in the 1960's).\n\nSociety for Psychical Research investigation\n\nAfter Price's death in 1948, Daily Mail reporter Charles Sutton accused him of faking phenomena. Sutton claimed that whilst visiting the rectory with Price in 1929 he was hit on the head by a large pebble. Sutton stated that he seized Price and found his coat pockets filled with different sized stones.\n\nIn 1948, Eric Dingwall, K. M. Goldney and Trevor H. Hall, three members of the Society for Psychical Research (SPR), two of whom had been Price's most loyal associates, investigated his claims about Borley. Their findings were published in a 1956 book, The Haunting of Borley Rectory, which concluded that Price had fraudulently produced some of the phenomena.\n\nThe \"Borley Report\", as the SPR study has become known, stated that many of the phenomena were either faked or due to natural causes such as rats and the strange acoustics attributed to the odd shape of the house. In their conclusion, Dingwall, Goldney, and Hall wrote \"when analysed, the evidence for haunting and poltergeist activity for each and every period appears to diminish in force and finally to vanish away.\" Terence Hines wrote that \"Mrs. Marianne Foyster, wife of the Rev. Lionel Foyster who lived at the rectory from 1930 to 1935, was actively engaged in fraudulently creating [haunted] phenomena. Price himself 'salted the mine' and faked several phenomena while he was at the rectory.\"\n\nMarianne Foyster, later in her life, admitted she had seen no apparitions and that the alleged ghostly noises were caused by the wind, friends she invited to the house and in other cases by herself playing practical jokes on her husband. Many of the legends about the rectory had been invented. The children of the Rev. Harry Bull who lived in the house before Lionel Foyster claimed to have seen nothing and were surprised they had been living in what was described as England's most haunted house.\n\nRobert Hastings was one of the few SPR researchers to defend Price. Price's literary executor Paul Tabori and Peter Underwood have also defended Price against accusations of fraud. A similar approach was made by Ivan Banks in 1996. Michael Coleman in an SPR report in 1997 wrote that Price's defenders were unable to rebut the criticisms convincingly.\n\nFilm\nIn 2017, the part-animated film Borley Rectory: The Most Haunted House in England was released. It was written and directed by Ashley Thorpe and starred Reece Shearsmith and Jonathan Rigby.\n\nIn 2021, the feature film The Ghosts Of Borley Rectory was released. It was written and directed by Steven M. Smith and starred Julian Sands, Toyah Willcox, Colin Baker and Christopher Ellison.\n\nSee also\nList of ghosts\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n\nCitations\n\nBibliography\n\nFurther reading\n\nExternal links\n\nHarry Price Website – Contains a comprehensive section on Borley Rectory\nGhostbuster of Fraud by Simon Edge, reprinted in HarryPrice website\nLocal History site for Borley – Has a comprehensive historical analysis of the Borley Rectory affair\nLarge collection of photographs of Borley Rectory and the various participants of the affair \n Harry Price papers including archives on Borley Rectory\n 3D Interactive model built in Google Sketchup from the original Glanville plans\n\nClergy houses in England\nHouses in Essex\nEssex folklore\nParanormal hoaxes\nReportedly haunted locations in the East of England\nHouses completed in 1862", "Borley is a village and civil parish in rural north Essex, England close to the border with Suffolk. It is located near the River Stour. The closest town is Sudbury, Suffolk,\napproximately southeast of Borley; Sudbury is also the Post Town used by Royal Mail for Borley. The neighbouring parishes are Foxearth, Belchamp Walter and Bulmer.\n\nHistory\nThe name Borley may be a compound of the Saxon words \"Bap\" and \"Ley\", that is \"Boar's Pasture\". Recent local research suggests that the name Borley may be derived from the Celtic ‘borle’, meaning ‘summer meadows’ which are still a prominent feature of the area. A smaller parish, Borley Parva, was joined with Foxearth in the Middle Ages.\n\nIn the 11th century, the manor of Borley was held by a freeman called Lewin; by 1086, the Domesday Book records Borley manor in the hands of Adeliza, Countess of Albemarle (half-sister of William the Conqueror); it was subsequently transferred to Edward I.\n\nA document from 1308 sets out the 'Extent' of the manor, listing the main occupants and the rental income. Forty-six people are named in the extent: seven as free tenants, seven as molmen, 27 as villeins and five as cotemen – with an estimated population of 230. In 1346, the manor of Borley was transferred to the priory of Christ Church, Canterbury.\n\nFrom the 16th century, Borley was associated with the Waldegraves, one of the leading Essex Catholic families. Sir Edward Waldegrave, a courtier to Queen Mary, purchased the manor of Borley in 1546 and it became his principal residence. He died in the Tower of London in 1561 aged forty-four having fallen out of favour with Queen Elizabeth; his widow, Lady Frances Neville, later erected a monument to him and herself in Borley Church.\n\nFrom early times until local government reforms in 1894, Borley was one of the parishes in the Hinckford Hundred. It then became an area in Belchamp Rural District Council until that, in turn, was abolished in 1974 with the creation of Braintree District Council.\n\nLocal government\nDue to its small population, decision-making at parish level is through a Parish Meeting open to all electors rather than an elected council. \nBorley is in part of England having two tiers of \"principal\" local authorities. It is one of 12 parishes making up Stour Valley North Ward, which is represented by a district councillor on Braintree District Council. It is also within the area of Essex County Council, represented by one county councillor as part of the Hedingham County Electoral Division.\n\nFor elections to the UK Parliament, Borley is in the constituency of Braintree.\n\nNatural and built environment\n\nBorley consists of three clusters of buildings: one closest to the River Stour, including the village hall; one around the parish church; and a third at Borley Green. In 2012, there were 89 voting residents in a total of around 110, occupying 49 dwellings. Borley is notable for the high proportion of Listed Buildings. There are 15 Grade II listed houses, including Borley Hall (the fragment of a once much larger house), Borley Place (at one time the rectory) and Borley Lodge. The Grade I listed church (dedication unknown) is a small building of stone originally in the Romanesque/Early English style of the late 12th and early 13th centuries. Pevsner notes that a \"topiary walk to the porch is the most notable feature of the church\".\n\nThere is no \"defined village envelope\" and therefore for planning purposes, Borley and Borely Green (an area of grassland owned by Braintree District Council) are considered to be \"countryside\". Borley is located within Natural England's South Suffok and North Essex Clayland National Character Area, with \"an ancient landscape of wooded arable countryside with a distinct sense of enclosure\".\n\nBorley in popular culture\n\nDuring the 20th century, Borley became well known for the 'Borley Rectory Affair', involving the supposed haunting of a Victorian rectory (demolished in 1944). Beginning in 1929, psychical researcher Harry Price generated a story that captured the attention of the nation and convinced many of the proof of the permanence of the spirit after death. His supposed activities were reported widely by the press of that time, and Price published several popular books on the subject that brought him considerable fame. After Price's death, the story began to unravel under the scrutiny of experts from the Society for Psychical Research. The Society went through the records with great tenacity, suspecting that Price had exaggerated evidence to sensationalise events and to suggest supernatural causes for mundane phenomena. Any possible evidence of ghosts was irredeemably contaminated by Price's behaviour and the manipulation of the facts in his two books, The Most Haunted House in England and The End of Borley Rectory, produced during and immediately after the Second World War.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n The Foxearth and District Local History Society (covering Borley and surrounding area)\n Borley Parish Meeting\n\nVillages in Essex\nBraintree District" ]

[ "Harry Price", "Borley Rectory", "What is the Borley Rectory?", "Price was most famous for his investigation into the Borley Rectory, Essex.", "What happened at the Borley Rectory?", "He documented a series of alleged hauntings from the time the rectory was built in 1863." ]

[ "Bianca Biasi (born 13 May 1979) is an Australian producer, director, actress and author who has more recently specialised in projects involving supernatural or reportedly haunted locations, mostly on Sydney's northern beaches.\n\nShe appeared in soap opera Home and Away as Constable Pia Correlli.\n\nActing credits\n Home and Away as Constable Pia Correlli\n All Saints as Elly Chapman\n White Collar Blue as Francesca Decia\n Above the Law as Sheena Clancy\n Breakers as Melanie\n BeastMaster as Elka\n The Junction Boys as Nurse\n Burke & Wills as Asha\n Touched By Fellini as Waitress\n Soul Traces: The Introduction as Jasmine Dahlia\n Delirium as Constable Sophia Larkin\n The Parkway Hauntings as Bianca\n The Quarantine Hauntings as Marina Santini\n CNNNN: Chaser Non-stop News Network as Fungry's Customer\n Life Support\n\nFeature films\nIn 2006, she made her feature film debut in Burke & Wills (Cake Productions) in the role of Asha.\n\nProducer credits\nAs of 1 January 2014, Biasi's studio had four films in post-production: The Quarantine Hauntings, The Parkway Hauntings, Delirium and The Q Station Experiment.\n\nThe location on Wakehurst Parkway was the subject of \"countless anonymous stories online that speak of a girl in a white dress that appears on the Middle Creek Bridge as unsuspecting drivers go through her, or a nun apparition that sits in the back seat of cars,\" The Daily Telegraph reported. It also reported that both films, The Parkway Hauntings and The Quarantine Hauntings would be released in 2015.\n\nOther activity\n\nBianca is also an outspoken advocate of LGBT rights in Australia and has appeared with her partner in media coverage across various outlets as a same sex mothers of twin girls, to raise awareness of the increased risk of violence against same sex parents in the lead up to divisive debate that preceded the 2017 Same-sex marriageplebiscite and subsequent legislation allowing same sex marriage.\n\nReferences\n\n1979 births\nActresses from Sydney\nLiving people", "Ghosts of Versailles may refer to\n\nThe Ghosts of Versailles, a 1983 opera by John Corigliano and William M. Hoffman\nMoberly–Jourdain incident or Ghosts of Versailles, a 1901 claim of time travel and hauntings\nMiss Morison's Ghosts, a 1981 British supernatural television drama based on the Moberly-Joudain incident\n\nSee also\nVersailles (disambiguation)" ]

[ "Harry Price", "Borley Rectory", "What is the Borley Rectory?", "Price was most famous for his investigation into the Borley Rectory, Essex.", "What happened at the Borley Rectory?", "He documented a series of alleged hauntings from the time the rectory was built in 1863.", "What type of hauntings were they?", "I don't know." ]

[ "\n\nTrack listing\n Opening Overture\n \"I Get a Kick Out of You\" (Cole Porter)\n \"You Are the Sunshine of My Life\" (Stevie Wonder)\n \"You Will Be My Music\" (Joe Raposo)\n \"Don't Worry 'bout Me\" (Ted Koehler, Rube Bloom)\n \"If\" (David Gates)\n \"Bad, Bad Leroy Brown\" (Jim Croce)\n \"Ol' Man River\" (Jerome Kern, Oscar Hammerstein II)\n Famous Monologue\n Saloon Trilogy: \"Last Night When We Were Young\"/\"Violets for Your Furs\"/\"Here's That Rainy Day\" (Harold Arlen, E.Y. Harburg)/(Matt Dennis, Tom Adair)/(Jimmy Van Heusen, Johnny Burke)\n \"I've Got You Under My Skin\" (Porter)\n \"My Kind of Town\" (Sammy Cahn, Van Heusen)\n \"Let Me Try Again\" (Paul Anka, Cahn, Michel Jourdan)\n \"The Lady Is a Tramp\" (Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart)\n \"My Way\" (Anka, Claude Francois, Jacques Revaux, Gilles Thibaut)\n\nFrank Sinatra's Monologue About the Australian Press\nI do believe this is my interval, as we say... We've been having a marvelous time being chased around the country for three days. You know, I think it's worth mentioning because it's so idiotic, it's so ridiculous what's been happening. We came all the way to Australia because I chose to come here. I haven't been here for a long time and I wanted to come back for a few days. Wait now, wait. I'm not buttering anybody at all. I don't have to. I really don't have to. I like coming here. I like the people. I love your attitude. I like the booze and the beer and everything else that comes into the scene. I also like the way the country's growing and it's a swinging place.\n\nSo we come here and what happens? We gotta run all day long because of the parasites who chase us with automobiles. That's dangerous, too, on the road, you know. Might cause an accident. They won't quit. They wonder why I won't talk to them. I wouldn't drink their water, let alone talk to them. And if any of you folks in the press are in the audience, please quote me properly. Don't mix it up, do it exactly as I'm saying it, please. Write it down very clearly. One idiot called me up and he wanted to know what I had for breakfast. What the hell does he care what I had for breakfast? I was about to tell him what I did after breakfast. Oh, boy, they're murder! We have a name in the States for their counterparts: They're called parasites. Because they take and take and take and never give, absolutely, never give. I don't care what you think about any press in the world, I say they're bums and they'll always be bums, everyone of them. There are just a few exceptions to the rule. Some good editorial writers who don't go out in the street and chase people around. Critics don't bother me, because if I do badly, I know I'm bad before they even write it, and if I'm good, I know I'm good before they write it. It's true. I know best about myself. So, a critic is a critic. He doesn't anger me. It's the scandal man who bugs you, drives you crazy. It's the two-bit-type work that they do. They're pimps. They're just crazy, you know. And the broads who work in the press are the hookers of the press. Need I explain that to you? I might offer them a buck and a half... I'm not sure. I once gave a chick in Washington $2 and I overpaid her, I found out. She didn't even bathe. Imagine what that was like, ha, ha.\n\nNow, it's a good thing I'm not angry. Really. It's a good thing I'm not angry. I couldn't care less. The press of the world never made a person a star who was untalented, nor did they ever hurt any artist who was talented. So we, who have God-given talent, say, \"To hell with them.\" It doesn't make any difference, you know. And I want to say one more thing. From what I see what's happened since I was last here... what, 16 years ago? Twelve years ago. From what I've seen to happen with the type of news that they print in this town shocked me. And do you know what is devastating? It's old-fashioned. It was done in America and England twenty years ago. And they're catching up with it now, with the scandal sheet. They're rags, that's what they are. You use them to train your dog and your parrot. What else do I have to say? Oh, I guess that's it. That'll keep them talking to themselves for a while. I think most of them are a bunch of fags anyway. Never did a hard day's work in their life. I love when they say, \"What do you mean, you won't stand still when I take your picture?\" All of a sudden, they're God. We gotta do what they want us to do. It's incredible. A pox on them... Now, let's get down to some serious business here...\n\nSee also\nConcerts of Frank Sinatra\n\nFrank Sinatra", "\"What They'll Say About Us\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Finneas. It was released by OYOY as a single on September 2, 2020. The song was written and produced by Finneas. A lullaby-influenced ballad, the lyrics were inspired by the Black Lives Matter protests and Nick Cordero's death due to COVID-19. \"What They'll Say About Us\" was noted by music critics for its lyrical content. A music video for the song was released alongside the song and was directed by Sam Bennett in one take. It is the first single from his debut studio album Optimist.\n\nBackground and development\nFinneas wrote and produced \"What They'll Say About Us\". It was inspired by the spark of Black Lives Matter protests after racial inequality in the United States and the death of Canadian actor Nick Cordero, who died at the age of 41 from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Finneas wrote the track in June 2020 while in quarantine. In an interview over Zoom with The Wall Street Journal, he said: \"I wrote this song in June after spending the day at a protest in Downtown LA, filled with hope with the prospect that millions of people were coming together from all over the world to fight against institutionalized racism and inequality\". He further stated: \"The other component of the song was [that] I was very closely following Nick Cordero's story on Instagram, via his wife [Amanda Kloots], and Nick and his wife were not people I'd ever met. I don't know them at all. I saw the headlines about his health, just like everybody else did. I just became incredibly attached to this family that I’d never met before. I kind of wrote this song as if you were singing to your loved one who was in a hospital bed while the world was protesting outside. I did make a point to keep the song fairly ambiguous because I know everybody's sort of going through different circumstances of the same things right now\".\n\nComposition and lyrics\n\"What They'll Say About Us\" begins \"calmly and reassuringly\": \"You're tired now, lie down/I'll be waiting to give you the good news/It might take patience/And when you wake up, it won't be over/So don't you give up\". However, as the beat and other instruments begin to arrive, the soundstage changes to be hazy. John Pareles, writing for The New York Times, says it \"mortality begins to haunt the song, all the way to a devastating last line\", noting the lyrics, \"It might take patience/And if you don't wake up/I'll know you tried to/I wish you could see him/He looks just like you\".\n\nReception\nIn a review for DIY magazine, the staff labeled \"What They'll Say About Us\" as \"poignant\" and an \"ode to human strength\". Writing for Billboard magazine, Jason Lipshutz said while the production on the track is \"effectively restrained\", people should credit Finneas for going \"full-on showstopper when he draws out the line, 'We've got the time to take the world / And make it better than it ever was\". Emily Tan of Spin magazine described the track as a song that \"aims to offer comfort to those who have lost someone due to Covid-19\".\n\nMusic video\nA music video for \"What They'll Say About Us\" was released to Finneas' YouTube channel on September 2, 2020. The video was directed by Sam Bennett and shot in one take. In the visual, lights and rain swirl around Finneas as he sings and offers comfort to people who have lost someone they love from COVID-19. Spins Emily Yan described the visual as \"simple\" and \"intimate\".\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n2020s ballads\n2020 singles\n2020 songs\nSong recordings produced by Finneas O'Connell\nSongs written by Finneas O'Connell\nSongs in memory of deceased persons\nFinneas O'Connell songs" ]

[ "Harry Price", "Borley Rectory", "What is the Borley Rectory?", "Price was most famous for his investigation into the Borley Rectory, Essex.", "What happened at the Borley Rectory?", "He documented a series of alleged hauntings from the time the rectory was built in 1863.", "What type of hauntings were they?", "I don't know.", "What else did he say about the rectory?", "He lived in the rectory from May 1937 to May 1938 and wrote of his experiences in the book." ]

[ "What Am I Doing Here (1988) is a book by British author Bruce Chatwin containing a collection of essays, profiles and travel stories from his life. It was the last book published during Chatwin's life and draws on various experiences from it. These experiences include trekking in Nepal, sailing down the Volga, interviewing Madeleine Vionnet and making a film with Werner Herzog.\n\n1988 books\nBritish travel books\nBooks by Bruce Chatwin\nJonathan Cape books\nEnglish non-fiction books", "A limit-experience () is a type of action or experience which approaches the edge of living in terms of its intensity and its seeming impossibility. This approach has led to the seeking of limit experiences as a sort of dark mysticism. A limit experience breaks the subject from itself. The idea is associated with writers Georges Bataille, Maurice Blanchot, and Michel Foucault.\n\nClassical instances of limit experiences include abandonment, fascination, suffering, madness, and poetry.\n\nBataille\n\nWorking in a French tradition of abjection reaching back to Baudelaire and his paradoxes – \"O filthy grandeur! O sublime disgrace!\" – Bataille was early struck by what he saw as \"the fact that these two complete contrasts were identical – divine ecstasy and extreme horror\". He went on to challenge surrealism with a kind of anti-idealism searching for what he called the impossible by breaking rules until something beyond all rules was reached.\n\nIn this way, he strove for what Foucault would call \"the point of life which lies as close as possible to the impossibility of living, which lies at the limit or the extreme\". Bataille sought to live at the edge of limits where the ability to comprehend experience breaks down.\n\nFoucault\n\nFor Foucault, \"the idea of a limit-experience that wrenches the subject from itself is what was important to me in my reading of Nietzsche, Bataille, and Blanchot\". In this way, the systems of philosophy and psychology, and their conceptions of reality and the unified subject, could be challenged and exposed, in favour of what systems/consciousness had to refuse and exclude.\n\nHow far Foucault's fascination with intense experiences provides a key to his entire body of work is however the subject of debate, with limit experiences arguably being absent from his later writings on sexuality and discipline, if strongly associated with the cult of the mad artist in The History of Madness.\n\nLimit-experience is a type of somaesthetic \"edgework\" that goes on to test the limits of ordered reality.\n\nLacan\n\nInfluenced by Bataille, from whom he drew the idea of impossibility, Lacan explored the role of limit-experiences – such as \"Desire, boredom, confinement, revolt, prayer, sleeplessness...and panic\" – in the formation of the Other.\n\nHe also adopted some of Bataille's views on love, seeing it as predicated on man having previously \"experienced the limit within which, like desire, he is bound\". He saw masochism in particular as a limit experience – something which fed into his article Kant avec Sade.\n\nCharles Taylor\n\nIn describing the conditions of belief Taylor attests to a sense of fullness, joy and fulfillment:\n\n[...]an experience which unsettles and breaks through our ordinary sense of being in the world, with its familiar objects, activities and points of reference [...] when \"ordinary reality is 'abolished' and something terrifyingly other shines through\"[...]\n\nWider ramifications\n\nConcern for limit experiences fed into existential phenomenology; and through figures like Sartre reached the anti-psychiatrists of the 1960s with their cult of authenticity in the pain of extreme madness.\n\nSee also\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n\nDavid Macey, Lacan in Contexts (1988)\n\nCarolyn Dean, The Self and its Pleasures: Bataille, Lacan, and the History of the Decentered Subject (1992)\n\nJacques Lacan, 'Kant avec Sade' Critique 191 (1963) / 'Kant with Sade' October 51 (1989)\n\nExternal links\n 'The Negative Eschatology of Maurice Blanchot'\n\nGeorges Bataille\nMichel Foucault" ]

[ "Harry Price", "Borley Rectory", "What is the Borley Rectory?", "Price was most famous for his investigation into the Borley Rectory, Essex.", "What happened at the Borley Rectory?", "He documented a series of alleged hauntings from the time the rectory was built in 1863.", "What type of hauntings were they?", "I don't know.", "What else did he say about the rectory?", "He lived in the rectory from May 1937 to May 1938 and wrote of his experiences in the book.", "What were his experiences?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Torkilstrup Rectory (Danish: Torkilstrup Præstegård) is located just east of Torkilstrup Church in the village of Torkilstrup, some 7 km (4 mi) southeast of Nørre Alslev, on the Danish island of Falster. A stone outside the rectory commemorates that Bernhard Severin Ingemann was born in the building. The rectory was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1950.\n\nHistory\n\nThe rectory was built in 1761. Bernhard Severin Ingemann's father Søren Sørensen Ingemann was rector at Torkilstrup Church from 1774 and from 1782 also provost of Falster Nørre Herred. Ingemann was born in the rectory as the youngest of nine children in 1789 and lived there until his father's death ten years later. The family then moved to Slagelse where Ingemann was awarded a scholarship to attend the local Slagelse Latin School. He has described his early childhood memories from the rectory in Denne Aldersopfattelse af hint Barndomsli.\n \nN. F. S. Grundtvig's brother Otto (1772-1843) succeeded Ingemann's father as rector of Torkilstrup. He resided in the rectory until 1823 when he was transferred to Gladsaxe. The poet Christian Winter spent his honeymoon in Torkilstrup Rectory.\n\nThe building was refurbished in 1909. It was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1950. In 2007, it was subject to a comprehensive renovation undertaken by Berings Tegnestue. The poet Christian Winter spent his honeymoon in Tprkildstrup Rectory.\n\nArchitecture\nThe rectory has white-plastered walls, a thatched roof and stands on a black-painted foundation of field stones. The original two-winged building is located on the north and west side of a yard. The residential north wing from 1763 is mostly built with timber framing but with smaller sections of masonry. The large, through-going gabled wall dormer dates from the 1840s. The west wing was originally used as stables and storage space. It is constructed in brick and has cast iron windows. A short, third \"garden wing\" projects northwards from the eastern end of the residential wing. It was built as downer house for Ingemann's mother. Floors, windows, windows and other details are painted in a bluish-green colour.\n\nSee also\n Store Tåstrup Rectory\n\nReferences\n\nListed buildings and structures in Guldborgsund Municipality\nClergy houses in Denmark\nTimber framed buildings in Guldborgsund Municipality\nThatched buildings in Denmark\nHouses completed in 1761\n1761 establishments in Denmark", "Don Juan Manuel's Tales of Count Lucanor, in Spanish Libro de los ejemplos del conde Lucanor y de Patronio (Book of the Examples of Count Lucanor and of Patronio), also commonly known as El Conde Lucanor, Libro de Patronio, or Libro de los ejemplos (original Old Castilian: Libro de los enxiemplos del Conde Lucanor et de Patronio), is one of the earliest works of prose in Castilian Spanish. It was first written in 1335.\n\nThe book is divided into four parts. The first and most well-known part is a series of 51 short stories (some no more than a page or two) drawn from various sources, such as Aesop and other classical writers, and Arabic folktales.\n\nTales of Count Lucanor was first printed in 1575 when it was published at Seville under the auspices of Argote de Molina. It was again printed at Madrid in 1642, after which it lay forgotten for nearly two centuries.\n\nPurpose and structure\n\nA didactic, moralistic purpose, which would color so much of the Spanish literature to follow (see Novela picaresca), is the mark of this book. Count Lucanor engages in conversation with his advisor Patronio, putting to him a problem (\"Some man has made me a proposition...\" or \"I fear that such and such person intends to...\") and asking for advice. Patronio responds always with the greatest humility, claiming not to wish to offer advice to so illustrious a person as the Count, but offering to tell him a story of which the Count's problem reminds him. (Thus, the stories are \"examples\" [ejemplos] of wise action.) At the end he advises the Count to do as the protagonist of his story did.\n\nEach chapter ends in more or less the same way, with slight variations on: \"And this pleased the Count greatly and he did just so, and found it well. And Don Johán (Juan) saw that this example was very good, and had it written in this book, and composed the following verses.\" A rhymed couplet closes, giving the moral of the story.\n\nOrigin of stories and influence on later literature\nMany of the stories written in the book are the first examples written in a modern European language of various stories, which many other writers would use in the proceeding centuries. Many of the stories he included were themselves derived from other stories, coming from western and Arab sources.\n\nShakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew has the basic elements of Tale 35, \"What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\".\n\nTale 32, \"What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth\" tells the story that Hans Christian Andersen made popular as The Emperor's New Clothes.\n\nStory 7, \"What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana\", a version of Aesop's The Milkmaid and Her Pail, was claimed by Max Müller to originate in the Hindu cycle Panchatantra.\n\nTale 2, \"What happened to a good Man and his Son, leading a beast to market,\" is the familiar fable The miller, his son and the donkey.\n\nIn 2016, Baroque Decay released a game under the name \"The Count Lucanor\". As well as some protagonists' names, certain events from the books inspired past events in the game.\n\nThe stories\n\nThe book opens with a prologue which introduces the characters of the Count and Patronio. The titles in the following list are those given in Keller and Keating's 1977 translation into English. James York's 1868 translation into English gives a significantly different ordering of the stories and omits the fifty-first.\n\n What Happened to a King and His Favorite \n What Happened to a Good Man and His Son \n How King Richard of England Leapt into the Sea against the Moors\n What a Genoese Said to His Soul When He Was about to Die \n What Happened to a Fox and a Crow Who Had a Piece of Cheese in His Beak\n How the Swallow Warned the Other Birds When She Saw Flax Being Sown \n What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana \n What Happened to a Man Whose Liver Had to Be Washed \n What Happened to Two Horses Which Were Thrown to the Lion \n What Happened to a Man Who on Account of Poverty and Lack of Other Food Was Eating Bitter Lentils \n What Happened to a Dean of Santiago de Compostela and Don Yllán, the Grand Master of Toledo\n What Happened to the Fox and the Rooster \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Hunting Partridges \n The Miracle of Saint Dominick When He Preached against the Usurer \n What Happened to Lorenzo Suárez at the Siege of Seville \n The Reply that count Fernán González Gave to His Relative Núño Laynes \n What Happened to a Very Hungry Man Who Was Half-heartedly Invited to Dinner \n What Happened to Pero Meléndez de Valdés When He Broke His Leg \n What Happened to the Crows and the Owls \n What Happened to a King for Whom a Man Promised to Perform Alchemy \n What Happened to a Young King and a Philosopher to Whom his Father Commended Him \n What Happened to the Lion and the Bull \n How the Ants Provide for Themselves \n What Happened to the King Who Wanted to Test His Three Sons \n What Happened to the Count of Provence and How He Was Freed from Prison by the Advice of Saladin\n What Happened to the Tree of Lies \n What Happened to an Emperor and to Don Alvarfáñez Minaya and Their Wives \n What Happened in Granada to Don Lorenzo Suárez Gallinato When He Beheaded the Renegade Chaplain \n What Happened to a Fox Who Lay down in the Street to Play Dead \n What Happened to King Abenabet of Seville and Ramayquía His Wife \n How a Cardinal Judged between the Canons of Paris and the Friars Minor \n What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth \n What Happened to Don Juan Manuel's Saker Falcon and an Eagle and a Heron \n What Happened to a Blind Man Who Was Leading Another \n What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\n What Happened to a Merchant When He Found His Son and His Wife Sleeping Together \n What Happened to Count Fernán González with His Men after He Had Won the Battle of Hacinas \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Loaded down with Precious Stones and Drowned in the River \n What Happened to a Man and a Swallow and a Sparrow \n Why the Seneschal of Carcassonne Lost His Soul \n What Happened to a King of Córdova Named Al-Haquem \n What Happened to a Woman of Sham Piety \n What Happened to Good and Evil and the Wise Man and the Madman \n What Happened to Don Pero Núñez the Loyal, to Don Ruy González de Zavallos, and to Don Gutier Roiz de Blaguiello with Don Rodrigo the Generous \n What Happened to a Man Who Became the Devil's Friend and Vassal \n What Happened to a Philosopher who by Accident Went down a Street Where Prostitutes Lived \n What Befell a Moor and His Sister Who Pretended That She Was Timid \n What Happened to a Man Who Tested His Friends \n What Happened to the Man Whom They Cast out Naked on an Island When They Took away from Him the Kingdom He Ruled \n What Happened to Saladin and a Lady, the Wife of a Knight Who Was His Vassal \n What Happened to a Christian King Who Was Very Powerful and Haughty\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n\nBibliography\n\n Sturm, Harlan\n\n Wacks, David\n\nExternal links\n\nThe Internet Archive provides free access to the 1868 translation by James York.\nJSTOR has the to the 1977 translation by Keller and Keating.\nSelections in English and Spanish (pedagogical edition) with introduction, notes, and bibliography in Open Iberia/América (open access teaching anthology)\n\n14th-century books\nSpanish literature\n1335 books" ]

[ "Mr. Children", "1995-1997" ]

[ "Don Juan Manuel's Tales of Count Lucanor, in Spanish Libro de los ejemplos del conde Lucanor y de Patronio (Book of the Examples of Count Lucanor and of Patronio), also commonly known as El Conde Lucanor, Libro de Patronio, or Libro de los ejemplos (original Old Castilian: Libro de los enxiemplos del Conde Lucanor et de Patronio), is one of the earliest works of prose in Castilian Spanish. It was first written in 1335.\n\nThe book is divided into four parts. The first and most well-known part is a series of 51 short stories (some no more than a page or two) drawn from various sources, such as Aesop and other classical writers, and Arabic folktales.\n\nTales of Count Lucanor was first printed in 1575 when it was published at Seville under the auspices of Argote de Molina. It was again printed at Madrid in 1642, after which it lay forgotten for nearly two centuries.\n\nPurpose and structure\n\nA didactic, moralistic purpose, which would color so much of the Spanish literature to follow (see Novela picaresca), is the mark of this book. Count Lucanor engages in conversation with his advisor Patronio, putting to him a problem (\"Some man has made me a proposition...\" or \"I fear that such and such person intends to...\") and asking for advice. Patronio responds always with the greatest humility, claiming not to wish to offer advice to so illustrious a person as the Count, but offering to tell him a story of which the Count's problem reminds him. (Thus, the stories are \"examples\" [ejemplos] of wise action.) At the end he advises the Count to do as the protagonist of his story did.\n\nEach chapter ends in more or less the same way, with slight variations on: \"And this pleased the Count greatly and he did just so, and found it well. And Don Johán (Juan) saw that this example was very good, and had it written in this book, and composed the following verses.\" A rhymed couplet closes, giving the moral of the story.\n\nOrigin of stories and influence on later literature\nMany of the stories written in the book are the first examples written in a modern European language of various stories, which many other writers would use in the proceeding centuries. Many of the stories he included were themselves derived from other stories, coming from western and Arab sources.\n\nShakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew has the basic elements of Tale 35, \"What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\".\n\nTale 32, \"What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth\" tells the story that Hans Christian Andersen made popular as The Emperor's New Clothes.\n\nStory 7, \"What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana\", a version of Aesop's The Milkmaid and Her Pail, was claimed by Max Müller to originate in the Hindu cycle Panchatantra.\n\nTale 2, \"What happened to a good Man and his Son, leading a beast to market,\" is the familiar fable The miller, his son and the donkey.\n\nIn 2016, Baroque Decay released a game under the name \"The Count Lucanor\". As well as some protagonists' names, certain events from the books inspired past events in the game.\n\nThe stories\n\nThe book opens with a prologue which introduces the characters of the Count and Patronio. The titles in the following list are those given in Keller and Keating's 1977 translation into English. James York's 1868 translation into English gives a significantly different ordering of the stories and omits the fifty-first.\n\n What Happened to a King and His Favorite \n What Happened to a Good Man and His Son \n How King Richard of England Leapt into the Sea against the Moors\n What a Genoese Said to His Soul When He Was about to Die \n What Happened to a Fox and a Crow Who Had a Piece of Cheese in His Beak\n How the Swallow Warned the Other Birds When She Saw Flax Being Sown \n What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana \n What Happened to a Man Whose Liver Had to Be Washed \n What Happened to Two Horses Which Were Thrown to the Lion \n What Happened to a Man Who on Account of Poverty and Lack of Other Food Was Eating Bitter Lentils \n What Happened to a Dean of Santiago de Compostela and Don Yllán, the Grand Master of Toledo\n What Happened to the Fox and the Rooster \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Hunting Partridges \n The Miracle of Saint Dominick When He Preached against the Usurer \n What Happened to Lorenzo Suárez at the Siege of Seville \n The Reply that count Fernán González Gave to His Relative Núño Laynes \n What Happened to a Very Hungry Man Who Was Half-heartedly Invited to Dinner \n What Happened to Pero Meléndez de Valdés When He Broke His Leg \n What Happened to the Crows and the Owls \n What Happened to a King for Whom a Man Promised to Perform Alchemy \n What Happened to a Young King and a Philosopher to Whom his Father Commended Him \n What Happened to the Lion and the Bull \n How the Ants Provide for Themselves \n What Happened to the King Who Wanted to Test His Three Sons \n What Happened to the Count of Provence and How He Was Freed from Prison by the Advice of Saladin\n What Happened to the Tree of Lies \n What Happened to an Emperor and to Don Alvarfáñez Minaya and Their Wives \n What Happened in Granada to Don Lorenzo Suárez Gallinato When He Beheaded the Renegade Chaplain \n What Happened to a Fox Who Lay down in the Street to Play Dead \n What Happened to King Abenabet of Seville and Ramayquía His Wife \n How a Cardinal Judged between the Canons of Paris and the Friars Minor \n What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth \n What Happened to Don Juan Manuel's Saker Falcon and an Eagle and a Heron \n What Happened to a Blind Man Who Was Leading Another \n What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\n What Happened to a Merchant When He Found His Son and His Wife Sleeping Together \n What Happened to Count Fernán González with His Men after He Had Won the Battle of Hacinas \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Loaded down with Precious Stones and Drowned in the River \n What Happened to a Man and a Swallow and a Sparrow \n Why the Seneschal of Carcassonne Lost His Soul \n What Happened to a King of Córdova Named Al-Haquem \n What Happened to a Woman of Sham Piety \n What Happened to Good and Evil and the Wise Man and the Madman \n What Happened to Don Pero Núñez the Loyal, to Don Ruy González de Zavallos, and to Don Gutier Roiz de Blaguiello with Don Rodrigo the Generous \n What Happened to a Man Who Became the Devil's Friend and Vassal \n What Happened to a Philosopher who by Accident Went down a Street Where Prostitutes Lived \n What Befell a Moor and His Sister Who Pretended That She Was Timid \n What Happened to a Man Who Tested His Friends \n What Happened to the Man Whom They Cast out Naked on an Island When They Took away from Him the Kingdom He Ruled \n What Happened to Saladin and a Lady, the Wife of a Knight Who Was His Vassal \n What Happened to a Christian King Who Was Very Powerful and Haughty\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n\nBibliography\n\n Sturm, Harlan\n\n Wacks, David\n\nExternal links\n\nThe Internet Archive provides free access to the 1868 translation by James York.\nJSTOR has the to the 1977 translation by Keller and Keating.\nSelections in English and Spanish (pedagogical edition) with introduction, notes, and bibliography in Open Iberia/América (open access teaching anthology)\n\n14th-century books\nSpanish literature\n1335 books", "\"What Happened to Us\" is a song by Australian recording artist Jessica Mauboy, featuring English recording artist Jay Sean. It was written by Sean, Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim and Israel Cruz. \"What Happened to Us\" was leaked online in October 2010, and was released on 10 March 2011, as the third single from Mauboy's second studio album, Get 'Em Girls (2010). The song received positive reviews from critics.\n\nA remix of \"What Happened to Us\" made by production team OFM, was released on 11 April 2011. A different version of the song which features Stan Walker, was released on 29 May 2011. \"What Happened to Us\" charted on the ARIA Singles Chart at number 14 and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). An accompanying music video was directed by Mark Alston, and reminisces on a former relationship between Mauboy and Sean.\n\nProduction and release\n\n\"What Happened to Us\" was written by Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim, Israel Cruz and Jay Sean. It was produced by Skaller, Cruz, Rohaim and Bobby Bass. The song uses C, D, and B minor chords in the chorus. \"What Happened to Us\" was sent to contemporary hit radio in Australia on 14 February 2011. The cover art for the song was revealed on 22 February on Mauboy's official Facebook page. A CD release was available for purchase via her official website on 10 March, for one week only. It was released digitally the following day.\n\nReception\nMajhid Heath from ABC Online Indigenous called the song a \"Jordin Sparks-esque duet\", and wrote that it \"has a nice innocence to it that rings true to the experience of losing a first love.\" Chris Urankar from Nine to Five wrote that it as a \"mid-tempo duet ballad\" which signifies Mauboy's strength as a global player. On 21 March 2011, \"What Happened to Us\" debuted at number 30 on the ARIA Singles Chart, and peaked at number 14 the following week. The song was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), for selling 70,000 copies. \"What Happened to Us\" spent a total of ten weeks in the ARIA top fifty.\n\nMusic video\n\nBackground\nThe music video for the song was shot in the Elizabeth Bay House in Sydney on 26 November 2010. The video was shot during Sean's visit to Australia for the Summerbeatz tour. During an interview with The Daily Telegraph while on the set of the video, Sean said \"the song is sick! ... Jessica's voice is amazing and we're shooting [the video] in this ridiculously beautiful mansion overlooking the harbour.\" The video was directed by Mark Alston, who had previously directed the video for Mauboy's single \"Let Me Be Me\" (2009). It premiered on YouTube on 10 February 2011.\n\nSynopsis and reception\nThe video begins showing Mauboy who appears to be sitting on a yellow antique couch in a mansion, wearing a purple dress. As the video progresses, scenes of memories are displayed of Mauboy and her love interest, played by Sean, spending time there previously. It then cuts to the scenes where Sean appears in the main entrance room of the mansion. The final scene shows Mauboy outdoors in a gold dress, surrounded by green grass and trees. She is later joined by Sean who appears in a black suit and a white shirt, and together they sing the chorus of the song to each other. David Lim of Feed Limmy wrote that the video is \"easily the best thing our R&B princess has committed to film – ever\" and praised the \"mansion and wondrous interior décor\". He also commended Mauboy for choosing Australian talent to direct the video instead of American directors, which she had used for her previous two music videos. Since its release, the video has received over two million views on Vevo.\n\nLive performances\nMauboy performed \"What Happened to Us\" live for the first time during her YouTube Live Sessions program on 4 December 2010. She also appeared on Adam Hills in Gordon Street Tonight on 23 February 2011 for an interview and later performed the song. On 15 March 2011, Mauboy performed \"What Happened to Us\" on Sunrise. She also performed the song with Stan Walker during the Australian leg of Chris Brown's F.A.M.E. Tour in April 2011. Mauboy and Walker later performed \"What Happened to Us\" on Dancing with the Stars Australia on 29 May 2011. From November 2013 to February 2014, \"What Happened to Us\" was part of the set list of the To the End of the Earth Tour, Mauboy's second headlining tour of Australia, with Nathaniel Willemse singing Sean's part.\n\nTrack listing\n\nDigital download\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean – 3:19\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Sgt Slick Remix) – 6:33\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Just Witness Remix) – 3:45\n\nCD single\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Album Version) – 3:19\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Sgt Slick Remix) – 6:33\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (OFM Remix) – 3:39\n\nDigital download – Remix\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (OFM Remix) – 3:38\n\nDigital download\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Stan Walker – 3:20\n\nPersonnel\nSongwriting – Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim, Israel Cruz, Jay Sean\nProduction – Jeremy Skaller, Bobby Bass\nAdditional production – Israel Cruz, Khaled Rohaim\nLead vocals – Jessica Mauboy, Jay Sean\nMixing – Phil Tan\nAdditional mixing – Damien Lewis\nMastering – Tom Coyne \nSource:\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly chart\n\nYear-end chart\n\nCertification\n\nRadio dates and release history\n\nReferences\n\n2010 songs\n2011 singles\nJessica Mauboy songs\nJay Sean songs\nSongs written by Billy Steinberg\nSongs written by Jay Sean\nSongs written by Josh Alexander\nSongs written by Israel Cruz\nVocal duets\nSony Music Australia singles\nSongs written by Khaled Rohaim" ]

[ "Mr. Children", "1995-1997", "What happened in 1995?", "In 1995, the second half of the Atomic Heart tour started, lasting from January 1 to February 2." ]

[ "This is a list of the 1970 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates.\n\nThe tournament was held in early November at Tucson Country Club in Tucson, Arizona for the first time. There were nine 54-hole district tournaments to determine the final field of 60 players for the final 72-hole qualifying tournament. 18 players earned their tour cards with Bob Barbarossa being medalist. There was a five-for-one playoff for the last card.\n\nThis was the first year that Greg Powers attempted to qualify for the PGA Tour at PGA Tour Qualifying Tournament. He was not successful. Australian player David Graham also attempted to qualify. However, he was not successful either.\n\nSources:\n\nReferences\n\nPGA Tour Qualifying School\nGolf in Arizona\nPGA Tour Qualifying School Graduates\nPGA Tour Qualifying School Graduates", "This is a list of the Spring 1978 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates. The top 25 players and ties graduated onto the PGA Tour. There were 150 players in the field.\n\nRegional qualifying for the northeast was held at Grossinger's Country Club in Liberty, New York. The field was 50 players. Mike Zach was medallist at 286 (+2). Overall, 17 players from the northeast regional moved on to final qualifying.\n\nBrothers Bob Byman and Ed Byman qualified for the finals. It was the 3rd attempt for Bob and the 5th attempt for Ed. Both missed qualifying by a shot the previous year. The professional Lance Ten Broeck also qualified for the finals. It was at least his second time at the PGA Tour Qualifying Tournament.\n\nTournament summary \nFinal qualifying was held at University of New Mexico course in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The event was held June 7–10. A number of notable golfers with successful amateur careers attempted to qualify for the tour. They included Bill Sander, the 1976 U.S. Amateur champion, Scott Simpson, the 1976 and 1977 NCAA champion in golf, and John Fought, the 1977 U.S. Amateur champion. After two rounds, 25th place was at 143 strokes. At this point Fought was the only one inside the prospective cut-off point with 142 strokes. Sander was at 146 strokes and Simpson was at 148 strokes. Ultimately from this group, only Sander moved on.\n\nIn his third attempt at PGA Tour Qualifying School, Adam Adams, Jr. successfully made it onto the PGA Tour. He tied for 4th place. In addition, Mike Zach, the medallist from the northeast regional, was also successful, finishing in a tie for 6th place. The Byman brothers also successfully qualified.\n\nList of graduates \n\nSource:\n\nReferences\n\n1978 1\nPGA Tour Qualifying School Graduates\nPGA Tour Qualifying School Graduates" ]

[ "Mr. Children", "1995-1997", "What happened in 1995?", "In 1995, the second half of the Atomic Heart tour started, lasting from January 1 to February 2.", "was the tour successful?", "Two months later the group held an open air tour titled -Hounen Mansaku- Natsu matsuri tour Sora [ku:] (-Hounen Mansaku- Xia Ji ri1995 Kong [ku:])" ]

[ "Get Into It is the seventh album by rapper/DJ, The Egyptian Lover. The album was released on June 2, 1998 for Egyptian Empire Records and was produced by Egytpian Lover. The album was a mild success and marked the first time since 1988's Filthy that Egyptian Lover made it to the Billboard Charts, making it to #72 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. The album, however, did not produce any hit singles.\n\nTrack listing\n\"Love Theme\" – 4:16\n\"Got Me Goin' (Crazy)\" – 6:49\n\"\"Me\"\" – 3:32\n\"90's Ladies\" – 3:26\n\"Let's Get It On\" – 3:47\n\"Get Into It\" – 2:42\n\"$\" – 5:09\n\"Tear The Roof Off\" – 4:36\n\"Dance Music\" – 5:13\n\"Jam\" – 4:09\n\nReferences\n\nEgyptian Lover albums\n1990 albums\nAlbums produced by Egyptian Lover", "Back From the Tomb is the fourth studio album and fifth overall by rapper/DJ, Egyptian Lover. The album was released in 1994 for Egyptian Empire Records and was produced by Egyptian Lover. The album was Egyptian Lover's first since 1988's Filthy, however due to Gangsta rap dominating the charts and air waves, the album was a critical and commercial failure and did not make it on any billboard charts or produce any singles.\n\nTrack listing\n\"I'm So Freaky\" – 4:19\n\"Bounce That Bootie\" – 3:50\n\"I Need a Freak\" – 4:51\n\"Gotta Have Ya\" – 4:24\n\"My Lil Telephone Freak (Dial-A-Freak, Pt. 2)\" – 4:32\n\"Make It Talk to Me Baby\" – 3:35\n\"Work, Freak, Pump That Body\" – 7:52\n\"Yea!\" – 4:39\n\"World of Girls\" – 5:18\n\"Release to the Beat\" – 4:39\n\nReferences \n\nEgyptian Lover albums\n1994 albums\nAlbums produced by Egyptian Lover" ]

[ "Mr. Children", "1995-1997", "What happened in 1995?", "In 1995, the second half of the Atomic Heart tour started, lasting from January 1 to February 2.", "was the tour successful?", "Two months later the group held an open air tour titled -Hounen Mansaku- Natsu matsuri tour Sora [ku:] (-Hounen Mansaku- Xia Ji ri1995 Kong [ku:])", "did they produce any albums?", "Mr. Children's 13th single, \"Everything (It's You)\", was released on February 5, 1997, with the title track used as the theme song to the Japanese drama Koi no Bakansu" ]

[ "Merry Legs (1911-1932) was a Tennessee Walking Horse mare who was given foundation registration for her influence as a broodmare. She was also a successful show horse.\n\nLife\nMerry Legs was foaled in April 1911. She was a bay with sabino markings. She was sired by the foundation stallion Black Allan F-1, out of the American Saddlebred mare Nell Dement, registration number F-3, and bred by the early breeder Albert Dement. She was a large mare at maturity, standing high and weighing . Merry Legs was a successful show horse; as a three-year-old, she won the stake class at the Tennessee State Fair. She was also successful as a broodmare, giving birth to 13 foals, among them the well-known Bud Allen, Last Chance, Major Allen, and Merry Boy. For her influence on the breed, she was given the foundation number F-4 when the TWHBEA was formed in 1935. She died in 1932.\n\nReferences\n\nIndividual Tennessee Walking Horses\n1911 animal births\n1932 animal deaths", "The UCI Road World Championships – Men's team time trial was a world championship for road bicycle racing in the discipline of team time trial (TTT). It is organized by the world governing body, the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI).\n\nNational teams (1962–1994)\nA championship for national teams was introduced in 1962 and held until 1994. It was held annually, except that from 1972 onward, the TTT was not held in Olympic years. There were 4 riders per team on a route around 100 kilometres long. Italy is the most successful nation with seven victories.\n\nMedal winners\n\nMedals by nation\n\nMost successful riders\n\nUCI teams (2012–2018)\nThere was a long break until a championship for trade teams was introduced in 2012. There were 6 riders per team. The championship was held up to 2018.\n\nMedal winners\n\nMost successful teams\n\nMost successful riders\n\nReferences \n \n \n\n \nMen's Team Time Trial\nRecurring sporting events established in 1962\nUCI World Tour races\nMen's road bicycle races\nLists of UCI Road World Championships medalists\nRecurring sporting events disestablished in 2018" ]

[ "Mr. Children", "1995-1997", "What happened in 1995?", "In 1995, the second half of the Atomic Heart tour started, lasting from January 1 to February 2.", "was the tour successful?", "Two months later the group held an open air tour titled -Hounen Mansaku- Natsu matsuri tour Sora [ku:] (-Hounen Mansaku- Xia Ji ri1995 Kong [ku:])", "did they produce any albums?", "Mr. Children's 13th single, \"Everything (It's You)\", was released on February 5, 1997, with the title track used as the theme song to the Japanese drama Koi no Bakansu", "was it successful?", "Mr. Children's sixth album was released. Soon after, rumors started of the group disbanding." ]

[ "A patent holding company (PHC) exists to hold patents on behalf of one or more other companies but does not necessarily manufacture products or supply services based upon the patents held. \n\nPatent holding companies may exist for tax reasons. Patent holding companies may also operate patent pools in order to provide a single source for licensing a patented technology. However, patent holding companies that aggressively seek to enforce patent rights through litigation or threats of litigation are referred to as patent assertion entities (PAEs) or, more pejoratively, patent trolls.\n\nPatent trolling\n\nOn June 4, 2013, in the United States, the National Economic Council and Council of Economic Advisers released a report entitled Patent Assertion and U.S. Innovation that found significant harm to the economy from patent assertion entities and made recommendations to address them. President Barack Obama also addressed the issue, criticizing companies that did not produce anything themselves and existed only to \"leverage and hijack somebody else's idea and see if they can extort some money out of them\".\n\nSee also \n Patent portfolio\n Patent thicket\n\nReferences\n\nBusiness terms\nPatent monetization companies of the United States\nCriticism of intellectual property\nzh:專利持有公司", "Say Anything may refer to:\n\nFilm and television\n Say Anything..., a 1989 American film by Cameron Crowe\n \"Say Anything\" (BoJack Horseman), a television episode\n\nMusic\n Say Anything (band), an American rock band\n Say Anything (album), a 2009 album by the band\n \"Say Anything\", a 2012 song by Say Anything from Anarchy, My Dear\n \"Say Anything\" (Marianas Trench song), 2006\n \"Say Anything\" (X Japan song), 1991\n \"Say Anything\", a song by Aimee Mann from Whatever, 1993\n \"Say Anything\", a song by the Bouncing Souls from The Bouncing Souls, 1997\n \"Say Anything\", a song by Good Charlotte from The Young and the Hopeless, 2002\n \"Say Anything\", a song by Girl in Red, 2018\n \"Say Anything\", a song by Will Young from Lexicon, 2019\n \"Say Anything (Else)\", a song by Cartel from Chroma, 2005\n\nOther uses\n Say Anything (party game), a 2008 board game published by North Star Games\n \"Say Anything\", a column in YM magazine\n\nSee also\n Say Something (disambiguation)" ]

[ "Billy Southworth", "Early career as a manager" ]

[ "Praveen Kumar is an Indian film producer. Started his career as Production manager with film like Money Money, Gulabi, Anaganaga Oka Roju and Rangeela. And started producing films independently with movies like Kalusukovalani, Bhagyalakshmi Bumper Draw and Pothe Poni in 2006.\n\nCareer\n\n1995 - 2008\nKumar started his career in Telugu film industry as an executive in-charge of production with Rangeela in 1995. Later associated with director RGV for film Money Money as production manager in the same year and also for Krishna Vamshi's film Gulabi.\n\n2009 - Now \nSince 2009, Praveen kumar is Ram Charan's Business manager, who worked with Ram Charan for movies Magadheera, Oragne, Racha, Naayak, Thoofan, Yevadu, Govindudu Andarivadele and now with Bruce Lee - The Fighter he is also Executive producer.\n\nFilmography\n\nAs producer\n\nEarly career\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nLiving people\nFilm producers from Andhra Pradesh\nTelugu film producers\nYear of birth missing (living people)", "Fabian Boll (born 16 June 1979) is a German football manager and former player who manages SC Victoria Hamburg. During his playing career as a midfielder, he spent almost his entire senior career with FC St. Pauli.\n\nPlaying career\nAs a police officer he was the only one on his St. Pauli team who had a non-football job. He inherited his number 17 from Ivan Klasnić who left St. Pauli for Werder Bremen.\n\nCoaching career\nIn June 2014, Boll started his coaching career, starting as a playing assistant manager for the reserve team of FC St. Pauli. Boll became caretaker manager from the beginning of September 2014 to the end of the month.\n\nIn the summer 2018, Boll was hired as an assistant manager for SC Condor Hamburg. Together with manager, Olufemi Smith, Boll was fired on 11 December 2018.\n\nOn 4 January 2019, Boll was appointed as the new manager of SC Victoria Hamburg with his former teammate from FC St. Pauli, Marius Ebbers, as his assistant.\n\nFor the start of the 2019–20 season Boll was appointed assistant manager of Holstein Kiel.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Fabian Boll at kiezkicker.de \n \n\n1979 births\nLiving people\nGerman police officers\nGerman footballers\nAssociation football midfielders\nBundesliga players\n2. Bundesliga players\nFC Eintracht Norderstedt 03 players\nFC St. Pauli players" ]

[ "Billy Southworth", "Early career as a manager", "What started his career as a manager?", "Southworth's managerial career began in 1928 with the Rochester Red Wings of the AA International League" ]

[ "Norman Good Young (April 16, 1894 – October 24, 1984) was an American civil engineer who served as borough manager of Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania and Phoenixville, Pennsylvania and Town Manager of Saugus, Massachusetts.\n\nEarly life\nYoung was born on April 16, 1894 in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania to Michael A. and Anna M. (Good) Young. He graduated from Phillips Andover Academy and the University of Pennsylvania (Class of 1922).\n\nCareer\nYoung was named borough manager of Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania in 1922. On January 3, 1928 he was relieved of his duties after the borough council, in an effort to cut costs, voted to eliminate the position. In 1929 he was hired to work for the engineering department of DuPont. From 1930 to 1950 he was borough manager of Phoenixville, Pennsylvania. In 1950 he was appointed town manager of Saugus, Massachusetts. He was recommended for the position by Cambridge, Massachusetts City Manager John B. Atkinson. On January 30, 1952 Young resigned his position effect March 1 to become city engineer of Chester, Pennsylvania. At $9,000 a year, he was Chester's highest paid employee at the time of his hiring. He remained in this position until his retirement in 1967.\n\nLater life and death\nAfter his retirement, Young settled in Nokomis, Florida. He died on October 24, 1984 after a long illness.\n\nReferences\n\n1894 births\n1984 deaths\nAmerican civil engineers\nPeople from Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania\nPeople from Nokomis, Florida\nPhillips Academy alumni\nTown Managers of Saugus, Massachusetts\nUniversity of Pennsylvania alumni\nEngineers from Pennsylvania\n20th-century American engineers", "Paweł Barylski (born 20 September 1975) is a Polish football coach. Usually an assistant manager, he was the interim manager of Śląsk Wrocław on three occasions. He most recently was in charge of I liga side Górnik Polkowice.\n\nFootball\n\nBarylski played for MKS Łodzianka, but retired at the age of 24 when he realised he was not good enough for a career in football. After retiring from football, Barylski held positions with the Lotnik Wrocław youth team and the Gawina Królewska Wola reserve side. In 2010 Barylski became interim manager in 2010, before becoming the assistant manager of Śląsk Wrocław when Orest Lenczyk was appointed. After Lenczyk was sacked in 2012, Barylski became the interim manager again. After being part of the coaching staff, Barylski once again became the assistant manager with the newly appointed Tadeusz Pawłowski and kept his position when Romuald Szukiełowicz was manager of Śląsk. In 2016 Barylski joined the coaching staff of Miedź Legnica for a season, becoming the assistant manager to Ryszard Tarasiewicz. After Tarasiewicz was sacked by Miedź, Barylski once again joined Śląsk Wrocław in 2018, teaming up with Tadeusz Pawłowski for the second time. After Pawłowski was sacked by Śląsk, Barylski became the interim manager for the third time.\n\nReferences\n\n1975 births\nLiving people\nPolish football managers\nŚląsk Wrocław managers\nSportspeople from Łódź" ]

[ "Billy Southworth", "Early career as a manager", "What started his career as a manager?", "Southworth's managerial career began in 1928 with the Rochester Red Wings of the AA International League", "Was he a good manager there?", "The team won the IL championship that season." ]

[ "Kevin C. Abrams (born August 1971) is a Canadian-born American football executive who is currently the senior vice president of football operations & strategy of the New York Giants of the National Football League. Abrams worked as the Interim General Manager during the 2017 NFL season following the firing of his boss Jerry Reese.\n\nCareer\n\nEarly career\nAbrams began his career working as an intern for Ohio University football program, the Buffalo Bills, the Washington Redskins, and the London Monarchs.\n\nNFL\nAbrams began his career in the NFL working for the NFL Management Council as a salary cap analyst analyzing NFL player contracts.\n\nIn July 1999, following his work with the NFL Management Council, Abrams was hired by the New York Giants as a salary cap analyst, a newly created position by the team. In 2002 Abrams was promoted to Assistant General Manager working under GM Ernie Accorsi.\nDuring the 2017 NFL season, Abrams worked as the Interim General Manager due to the firing of his boss, GM Jerry Reese. Abrams was interviewed for the Giants GM position, however, he was beat out by former Carolina Panthers General Manager and former longtime Giants employee, Dave Gettleman.\n\nOn February 5, 2022, Abrams was named senior vice president of football operations and strategy for the New York Giants.\n\nPersonal life\nAbrams currently lives in Manhattan with his wife, Sarah-Jane, and three kids, Cormac, Grace, and Joseph.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n New York Giants profile\n\nNew York Giants executives\nSportspeople from Toronto\nLiving people\nNational Football League general managers\n1971 births", "Alex Mubiru is a Ugandan economist and public administrator, who was appointed Acting Director General in the Cabinet of the President of the African Development Bank (AfDB), effective 17 December 2021. He concurrently serves as the substantive Director of Strategy and Delivery, in the Office of the President of the AfDB, a position he has held since November 2020. He is based at the bank's headquarters in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.\n\nBackground and education\nMubiru is a Ugandan national by birth. His late father, Joseph Mubiru, served as the Governor of the Bank of Uganda in the 1970s.\n\nAlex Mubiru holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Philosophy, Political Science and Economics from Macalester College, in Saint Paul, Minnesota, in the United States. His Master's Degree in Public Affairs and his Doctor of Philosophy degree in Public Affairs, were both awarded by Princeton University, in New Jersey, in the United States.\n\nCareer\nHe started out at the Thailand Development Research Institute (TDRI), working there as a Research Associate, in their International Economics Program, from 1994 until 1995. Later, from 1999 until 2001, he worked as the Project Economist for the World Bank, based at their Thailand Office.\n\nMubiru then spent the next nine years in academia. He was an Assistant Professor of Public Policy at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore, from 2001 until 2008. He was then hired as Assistant Professor of Social Science, by the Singapore Management University from 2008 until 2009.\n\nIn 2009, he joined the AfDB as a Principal Research Economist. He then served as the Principal Country Economist, at the AfDB Country Office to Tanzania, serving there from 2010 until 2012. He was then assigned to the Strategy and Operations Policy Department, working there as the Lead Strategy Advisor, from 2012 until 2014. During this time, Mubiru was a member of the core team that oversaw the development of AfDB's Ten-Year Strategy (2013 to 2022) and was the \"Task Manager\" for the development of the AfDB's Private Sector Strategy (2013 to 2017).\n\nMubiru served as the Manager, Resource Mobilization Department at the AfDB, from 2014 until 2018. That year, he was appointed as the AfDB's Country Representative to the Republic of Tanzania, serving there until 2020. In November 2020, Akinwumi Adesina, the President of AfDB, appointed Mubiru to his Cabinet as Director of Strategy and Delivery.\n\nOther considerations\nIn his capacity as Acting Director General at AfDB, Mubiru replaced Yacine Fal, a national of Senegal who was promoted to serve as Acting Vice President for Regional Development, Integration and Business Delivery, at AfDB.\n\nSee also\n Economy of Africa\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Website of the African Development Bank\n\nLiving people\nGanda people\nUgandan economists\n1970 births\nMacalester College alumni\nPrinceton University alumni\nPeople from Central Region, Uganda" ]

[ "Billy Southworth", "Early career as a manager", "What started his career as a manager?", "Southworth's managerial career began in 1928 with the Rochester Red Wings of the AA International League", "Was he a good manager there?", "The team won the IL championship that season.", "What was his strategy as a manager?", "he attempted to impose discipline on the Cardinals," ]

[ "It's Christmas Again is an album by the American jazz drummer Max Roach recorded in 1984 for the Italian Soul Note label.\n\nCritical reception\n\nThe Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 2½ stars stating, \"It's Christmas Again is a project that for many did not work, but no matter how you slice it, an intriguing aside to Roach's discography. As he often mixed words with jazz, this is less ambitious than previous works, but could be looked upon as more than a little ambiguous, and certainly a cynical view of a time of the year that should be joyous, but for many is difficult.\" The Penguin Guide to Jazz commented on the albums links with other material from around the same time: \"anyone familiar with this period or who takes the time to listen to these Soul Notes in a structured way will find a great deal of cross-fertilization going on\".\n\nTrack listing\nAll compositions by Max Roach\n \"It's Christmas Again\" – 20:41\n \"Christina\" – 21:12\n\nPersonnel\n Max Roach – drums, keyboards, percussion, vibraphone, voice\n Cecil Bridgewater – trumpet\n Tony Scott – clarinet (track 2)\n Lee Konitz – alto saxophone (track 2)\n Odean Pope – tenor saxophone, voice\n Tomaso Lama – guitar (track 2)\n Tyrone Brown – electric bass guitar\n\nReferences\n\nBlack Saint/Soul Note albums\nMax Roach albums\n1984 albums", "is the pen name of a Japanese manga writer, best known for authoring the Death Note manga series with illustrator Takeshi Obata from 2003 to 2006, which has 30 million collected volumes in circulation. The duo's second series, Bakuman. (2008–2012), was also successful with 15 million in circulation. In 2014, Ohba collaborated with My Little Monster creator Robico for the one-shot \"Skip! Yamada-kun\". Another series with Obata called Platinum End began in the December 2015 issue of Jump SQ on November 4, 2015.\n\nOhba's real identity is a closely guarded secret. They have cited Shotaro Ishinomori, Fujiko Fujio, and Fujio Akatsuka as manga creators by whom they are heavily inspired. As stated by the profile placed at the beginning of each Death Note manga, Ohba collects teacups and develops manga plots while holding their knees on a chair, similar to a habit of L, one of the main characters of the series. There is speculation that Tsugumi Ohba is a pen name of Hiroshi Gamo, pointing out that in Bakuman the main character's uncle was a one-hit wonder manga artist who worked on a gag super-hero manga, very similar to Gamo and Tottemo! Luckyman in all aspects, and also that the storyboards drawn by Ohba greatly resemble Tottemo! Luckyman in style.\n\nWorks \n Death Note with Takeshi Obata (2003–2006)\nCenters on high school student Light Yagami, who discovers a supernatural notebook that allows him to kill anyone by writing the victim's name (and knowing their face). The plot follows his attempt to create and lead a world \"cleansed of evil\" which he will rule as \"God\" using the notebook, and the conflicts between himself and anyone he sees as an obstacle, from law enforcement to the mafia to the greatest detective in the world.\n Bakuman with Takeshi Obata (2008–2012)\nRevolves around two high school students who team up to try to create a successful manga, so it will be made into an anime in order for the artist of the group, Moritaka Mashiro, to fulfill the promise he made to a girl named Miho Azuki, whose dream is to become a voice actress for anime, as well as the dream of Akito Takagi, the writer of the duo.\n with Robico (2014)\n Platinum End with Takeshi Obata (2015–2021)\n\nAwards and nominations\n 2007 Nominated – Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize Grand Prize for Death Note\n 2008 Nominated – Angoulême International Comics Festival Official Selection for Death Note\n 2008 Won – Eagle Award for Favourite Manga for Death Note\n 2010 Nominated – Manga Taishō for Bakuman.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \n\nDeath Note\nLiving people\nManga artists from Tokyo\nPseudonymous writers\nUnidentified people\nYear of birth missing (living people)\nManga writers" ]

[ "Billy Southworth", "Early career as a manager", "What started his career as a manager?", "Southworth's managerial career began in 1928 with the Rochester Red Wings of the AA International League", "Was he a good manager there?", "The team won the IL championship that season.", "What was his strategy as a manager?", "he attempted to impose discipline on the Cardinals,", "Did he work with anyone of note?", "I don't know." ]

[ "The 2016–17 Argentine Primera División – Torneo de la Independencia was the 127th season of top-flight professional football in Argentina. The tournament was named in commemoration of the 200th anniversary of the Independence of Argentina.\n\nThe season began on August 26, 2016 and ended on June 27, 2017. Thirty teams competed in the league, twenty-nine returning from the 2016 season, and the addition of Talleres de Córdoba as the Primera B Nacional champion. Argentinos Juniors did not take part having been relegated the previous season.\n\nBoca Juniors were crowned champions of Argentina for a 32nd time after rivals Banfield were beaten by San Lorenzo on June 20, 2017. As a result, Boca Juniors qualified for the 2018 Copa Libertadores and the 2017 Supercopa Argentina.\n\nCompetition format \nThe tournament for the 2016 season was composed of 30 teams. Each team played the other 29 teams in a single round-robin tournament, and also played an additional match against its main rival team, named \"Fecha de Clásicos\" (Derbies Fixture).\n\nClub information\n\nStadia and locations\n\nPersonnel\n\nManagerial changes \n\nInterim Managers\n1. Interim manager in the 1st round.\n2. Alberto Fanesi was interim manager in the 5th round.\n3. Juan Carlos Pires was interim manager in the 9th round.\n4. Interim manager, but later promoted to manager.\n5. Luciano Precone was interim manager in the 11th and 12th rounds.\n6. Hugo Garelli was interim manager in the 12th–14th rounds.\n7. Néstor Apuzzo was interim manager in the 13th and 14th rounds.\n8. Juan Barbas was interim manager in the 13th and 14th rounds.\n9. Leonardo Fernández was interim manager in the 14th round.\n10. Fabián Castro was interim manager in the 17th round.\n11. Leonardo Lemos was interim manager in the 19th round.\n12. Eduardo Magnín was interim manager in the 22nd round.\n13. Interim manager until the end of the tournament.\n14. Diego Erroz was interim manager in the 29th round.\n15. Interim manager in the 30th round.\n\nLeague table\n\nResults \nTeams play every other team once (either at home or away), and play one additional round against their local derby rival (or assigned match by AFA if a club doesn't have derby), completing a total of 30 rounds.\n\nSeason statistics\n\nTop Goalscorers \n\nSource: AFA\n\nTop Assists\n\nSource: AFA\n\nRelegation\nRelegation at the end of the season is based on coefficients, which take into consideration the points obtained by the clubs during the present season and the three previous seasons (only seasons at the top-flight are counted). The total tally is then divided by the total number of games played in the top flight on those four seasons and an average is calculated. The four teams with the worst average at the end of the season are relegated to Primera B Nacional.\n\nSource: AFA\n\nSee also\n2016–17 Primera B Nacional\n2015–16 Copa Argentina\n2016–17 Copa Argentina\n\nReferences \n\nArgentine Primera División seasons\n2016–17 in Argentine football leagues", "Championship Manager is the first game in the Championship Manager series of association football management simulation games. The game was released on the Amiga and Atari ST in September, 1992 and ported to MS-DOS soon after. The game was written by Paul and Oliver Collyer (the co-founders of Sports Interactive) in their bedroom.\n\nGameplay\nThe game featured four playable English divisions (First through to Fourth; the newly formed FA Premier League did not appear until CM 93/94). In the game, each division contained only 20 teams, whereas in real life they contained 22 or 24 teams at that time.\nAlso included were all of the major domestic cups of the time (including the Anglo-Italian Cup) and the 3 major European trophies (including the now defunct Cup Winners' Cup).\n\nAny teams outside of the four playable divisions and all foreign teams had no player names at all. Instead, players were simply called \"No.3\" or \"No.10\" depending on which position they played.\n\nOne of the most innovative things about the game was the introduction of \"average ratings\" for players - after each match the performance of every player was graded from 0-10 and as the season went on the player's average rating would allow the manager to easily see how each player was performing.\n\nOther versions\nIn 1993, Intelek and Ubisoft used the Collyers' game code to produce a version for the French market, known as Guy Roux Manager (named after the legendary AJ Auxerre manager). It was fully localised for France and included the French first and second divisions as playable leagues, and all text and commentary in French. The Guy Roux Manager franchise has since become a very popular and long running franchise in France with games on many platforms.\n\nAlso in 1993, the first Norwegian version was released; a year later, an Italian version. While the Norwegian version was very much similar to the English one, in the Italian version it was possible to substitute up to 4 players in any game and the transfer deadline occurred much earlier in the season. Both the Norwegian and Italian versions featured real named players though, adding to the popularity of the game.\n\nDevelopment\nElectronic Arts reportedly turned down the chance to publish Championship Manager in 1992. Subsequently, the release of this first version of the game was not an outstanding success and sales were steady rather than spectacular. Reviews ranged from the encouraging to the dismissive.\n\nEven by early 1990s standards, the graphics of Championship Manager were primitive and there were many other management games available that were much more visually pleasing, such as Premier Manager and The Manager. Critics berated the lack of any real graphics, other than coloured text on top of a background image and the complete lack of any sound effects. Also, what became known as the \"match engine\" was very basic, consisting of a clock, 3 small meters showing each team's possession and lines of text commentary describing the match action. Rival game, The Manager, included a small screen showing TV-style clips of match action. Another drawback was the absence of real player names, as each team was populated with players generated at random by the computer.\n\nSales\nThe game sold more than 5 million copies by 2004.\n\nSee also\n Championship Manager series\n Football Manager\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Reviews at classicgaming.com- A website containing several old magazine reviews of Championship Manager\n Official game info- Championship Manager 1 section on the official Sports Interactive website\n\n1992 video games\nAmiga games\nAtari ST games\nDomark games\nDOS games\nVideo games scored by Barry Leitch\nVideo games developed in the United Kingdom\nAssociation football management video games" ]

[ "Billy Southworth", "Early career as a manager", "What started his career as a manager?", "Southworth's managerial career began in 1928 with the Rochester Red Wings of the AA International League", "Was he a good manager there?", "The team won the IL championship that season.", "What was his strategy as a manager?", "he attempted to impose discipline on the Cardinals,", "Did he work with anyone of note?", "I don't know.", "What other teams did he manager?", "he quit a coaching job with the 1933 Giants" ]

[ "In linguistics, slifting is a grammatical construction in which the embedded clause of a propositional attitude, speech report, or emotive is preposed. For instance the English sentence Nick is a great singer, Sara claims is the slifted variant of Sarah claims Nick is a great singer. The concept was first identified and named by Haj Ross in 1973. Slifting is more restricted than other kinds of preposing. Sentences involving slifting are often referred to as slifting parentheticals since the content of the slifted clause must be at-issue. For instance, the example above is most naturally understood as asserting that Nick is a great singer while parenthetically acknowledging Sara as the source of this information. The examples below show that this interpretation is strong enough to produce infelicity when a preceding question establishes a context where the wrong proposition is at-issue.\n\n Q: Why is Freedia not here? A: She quit, Sara told me. (slifting)\n Q: What did Sara tell you? A: # She quit, Sara told me. (slifting)\n\n Q: Why is Freedia not here? A: Sara told me she quit. (non-slifting)\n Q: What did Sara tell you? A: Sara told me she quit. (non-slifting)\n\nAdditionally, not all embedding predicates allow slifting.\n\n #She quit, Sara doubts.\n Jame'll be here next week, she emailed me.\n\nSlifted clauses also cannot have an overt complementizer.\n\n Q: Why is Freedia not here? A: # That she quit, Sara claims. (slifting)\n That she quit, Sara told me. That she won the lottery, I only found out later. (non-slifting preoposing)\n\nMoreover, interrogative instances of slifting show subject-auxiliary inversion.\n\n Will Freedia report our company's crimes to ESMA, Sara wondered. (slifting)\n Whether Freedia will report our company's crimes to ESMA, I don't know. (non-slifting)\n\nRoss analyzed slifting as the result of a movement rule. However, many subsequent researchers have argued that slifting is fundamentally different from true preposing and that the slifted clause may not be an embedded clause at all. Semantic analyses have been proposed which treat slifting as a kind of evidentiality.\n\nSee also\n Evidentiality\n Haj Ross\n Information structure\n Inversion (linguistics)\n Propositional attitude\n\nNotes\n\nSemantics\nPragmatics\nSyntactic entities\nSyntactic transformation", "Serenadium is the first studio album by Danish death metal band Iniquity released in 1996.\n\nTrack listing\n \"Tranquil Seizure\" - 6:20 \n \"Prophecy of the Dying Watcher\" - 4:26 \n \"Serenadium\" - 4:42 \n \"Spectral Scent\" - 6:25\n \"Mockery Retained to Obturate\" - 4:28\n \"Encysted and Dormant\" - 5:48 \n \"Son of Cosmos\" - 3:38 \n \"Retorn\" - 5:35\n\nCredits\nThomas Christensen - Bass\nLars Friis - Guitar\nBrian Petrowsky - vocals, Guitar\nJacob Olsen - drums\nJan Borsing - Producer, Engineer, Mixing\n\nJacob Olsen did the drums on this CD, and then quit the band. Jesper Frost joined just before it was released and that is why his picture is in the booklet.\n\n1996 debut albums\nIniquity (band) albums" ]

[ "Billy Southworth", "Early career as a manager", "What started his career as a manager?", "Southworth's managerial career began in 1928 with the Rochester Red Wings of the AA International League", "Was he a good manager there?", "The team won the IL championship that season.", "What was his strategy as a manager?", "he attempted to impose discipline on the Cardinals,", "Did he work with anyone of note?", "I don't know.", "What other teams did he manager?", "he quit a coaching job with the 1933 Giants", "Why did he quit?", "-- the death of his wife Lida at age 42 -- began a downward spiral. Beset by struggles with alcoholism," ]

[ "Stephen Michael Decker (born October 25, 1965) is an American former professional baseball catcher. He played for four Major League Baseball teams from –, –, and .\n\nCoaching career\nDecker began his coaching career as a hitting coach for the Salem-Keizer Volcanoes in 2001–02 and the Fresno Grizzlies in 2003–04. He then managed for Salem-Keizer (2005–07), the San Jose Giants (2008), the Connecticut Defenders (2009), and the Fresno Grizzlies (2010–11). \n\nIn 2012, he swapped positions with Bob Mariano, who replaced him as the Grizzlies' manager, and became coordinator of minor-league hitting instruction for the Giants. In 2015, he took his first major league coaching position as assistant hitting coach for the San Francisco Giants.\n\nPersonal life\nDecker is married with two daughters and resides in Keizer, Oregon.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1965 births\nLiving people\nAmerican expatriate baseball players in Canada\nAnaheim Angels players\nBaseball coaches from Illinois\nBaseball players from Illinois\nColorado Rockies players\nColorado Springs Sky Sox players\nEdmonton Trappers players\nEverett Giants players\nFlorida Marlins players\nHouston Cougars baseball players\nLewis–Clark State Warriors baseball players\nMajor League Baseball catchers\nMajor League Baseball hitting coaches\nMinor league baseball managers\nNashville Sounds players\nNorfolk Tides players\nPhoenix Firebirds players\nSacramento River Cats players\nSalem-Keizer Volcanoes\nSan Francisco Giants coaches\nSan Francisco Giants players\nSan Francisco Giants scouts\nSan Jose Giants players\nShreveport Captains players\nSportspeople from Rock Island, Illinois\nTacoma Rainiers players", "Kim Yong-hee (born October 4, 1955, in Busan) is a retired player and former manager in the KBO League.\n\nA graduate of Kyungnam High School and Korea University, Kim played for the silver medal-winning South Korea national baseball team at the 1981 World Games.\n\nWith the formation of the KBO League in 1982, Kim joined the Lotte Giants, for whom he played all eight seasons of his career. He won the KBO League Golden Glove Award three times, twice at third base and once at designated hitter.\n\nAfter retiring at age 33 in 1989, Kim got directly into coaching, also for the Giants. He coached for the Giants at the KBO level from 1989 to 1992, and was promoted to the team's manager in 1994. He left the Giants after the 1998 season to coach for the Samsung Lions; he was the Lions' manager for the 2000 season.\n\nKim returned to Lotte as a coach from 2001 to 2006; he served as caretaker manager for part of 2002.\n\nAfter leaving the KBO for awhile, Kim joined the SK Wyverns as a coach for 2012–2013. He was the manager of the Wyverns in 2015–2016.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nCareer statistics and player information from Korea Baseball Organization\n\nSK Wyverns managers\nSamsung Lions managers\nLotte Giants managers\nSK Wyverns coaches\nLotte Giants coaches\nSamsung Lions coaches\nLotte Giants players\nKBO League designated hitters\nKBO League third basemen\nSouth Korean baseball players\nKorea University alumni\nKyungnam High School alumni\nSportspeople from Busan\n1955 births\nLiving people\nGimhae Kim clan\nSouth Korean Buddhists\nCompetitors at the 1981 World Games" ]

[ "Billy Southworth", "Early career as a manager", "What started his career as a manager?", "Southworth's managerial career began in 1928 with the Rochester Red Wings of the AA International League", "Was he a good manager there?", "The team won the IL championship that season.", "What was his strategy as a manager?", "he attempted to impose discipline on the Cardinals,", "Did he work with anyone of note?", "I don't know.", "What other teams did he manager?", "he quit a coaching job with the 1933 Giants", "Why did he quit?", "-- the death of his wife Lida at age 42 -- began a downward spiral. Beset by struggles with alcoholism,", "Did he manager any other teams after he quit coaching for the Giants?", "he rejoined the Cardinals' minor league system in 1935 and by 1939 he was again enjoying success as Rochester's manager." ]

[ "Philip Jacob Handler (July 21, 1908 – December 8, 1968) was an American football player and coach who spent his entire professional career in the city of Chicago. He had a seven-year, 53-game NFL playing career, during which he was named All-Pro four times. On three separate occasions, Handler served as head coach of the Chicago Cardinals, and later as an assistant coach for the Chicago Bears. He served as an assistant coach for the Cardinals when they won the 1947 NFL Championship; and with the Bears when they won the 1963 NFL Championship.\n\nEarly life\nHandler was born in Fort Worth, Texas, and was Jewish. His parents had immigrated to the United States from Lithuania. He was nicknamed \"Motsy.\"\n\nCollege career\nPrior to his professional debut, Handler played college football at Texas Christian University. He played at TCU for three years beginning in 1927 under head coach Francis Schmidt. During his college career, Handler earned All-SWC honors as an offensive guard, and was an Honorable Mention All-American in 1929. In 1929 Handler and the Horned Frogs won the Southwest Conference.\n\nNFL career\nAfter graduating from college in 1930, Handler decided to pursue a career in pro football. However, he was an undersized lineman, standing at just , . Despite Cardinals' coach Ernie Nevers' dismissive comment upon his arrival with the Cardinals in summer 1930: \"You'll never make it kid. You're too small\", Handler went on to a seven-year, 53-game NFL playing career with the team, during which he was named All-Pro from 1931 to 1933, and 2nd Team All-Pro (UPI) in 1935. He also served in a player-coach during the 1935 and 1936 seasons.\n\nCoaching career\n\nChicago Cardinals\nUpon his retirement during the 1937 NFL season, Handler was named to the Cardinals' coaching staff. His career with the Cardinals appeared to have ended on November 28, 1938, when he and head coach Milan Creighton resigned following a 2–9 finish, however Handler later reconsidered his decision and continued as an assistant coach.\n\nOn July 3, 1943, Handler took over the Cardinals' head coaching duties when head coach Jimmy Conzelman accepted a front office position with baseball's St. Louis Browns. However, with manning shortages due to World War II, the Cardinals lost all 10 games that season. The team then merged with the Pittsburgh Steelers in 1944 to form what was referred to as \"Card-Pitt\" in the standings. Handler and Walt Kiesling were named the team's co-coaches. That effort also resulted in a winless season in 1944, and after a 1–9 season the next year, Handler gave way for the returning Conzelman.\n\nThe return of Conzelman and many of their top players, helped the Cardinals improve to 6–5 in 1946, followed by the franchise's only undisputed NFL title the next season, with a 28–21 victory over the Philadelphia Eagles on December 28, 1947, at Comiskey Park in Chicago. That season Handler was an assistant coach on the Cardinals' NFL Championship team.\n\nIn 1949 Conzelman again resigned as head coach of the Cardinals. As a result, Handler and fellow assistant Buddy Parker were named as co-head coaches for the team in a unique arrangement on February 3, 1949. The decision was brought about by the two owners' different coaching preferences. The decision was blamed for the Cardinals 2–4 start that season. However Parker soon took over as sole coach when Handler shifted to a front office role later that season.\n\nWhen Parker left after the season, Curly Lambeau, the legendary coach and founder of the Green Bay Packers, was hired as his replacement. Upon taking over the coaching position, Lambeau brought back Handler as the team's offensive line coach. However, the new staff continued to struggle, and after a 7–15 mark, Lambeau resigned as the team's coach on December 7, 1951. Handler and Cecil Isbell were then left to coach the team's last two games.\n\nHandler's 0.105 winning percentage is the lowest in NFL history for coaches with at least five seasons.\n\nChicago Bears\nAfter more than two decades with the same team, Handler moved to the north side of Chicago to become the offensive line coach for the Chicago Bears on July 19, 1952. There he soon became a top assistant under coach George Halas. In addition to his coaching duties, Handler also served as a scout for the team for the next 16 seasons.\n\nIn 1956 Handler helped the team reach the NFL Championship game. He then helped the squad capture the NFL title seven years later, in a storied 14–10 Bears victory over the New York Giants, on a frigid day at Wrigley Field in late 1963.\n\nDeath and closure\nSeveral months after the 1967 NFL season had ended, Handler was vacationing in Florida when he suffered the first of two heart attacks and spent several weeks in a hospital for treatment. Upon his release, doctors decreed that while he could spend time with the team during the week, at practices, and in helping the coaching staff with its weekly game plan, he would not be able to attend Bears' games. Indeed, he was advised not to watch the games — an order Handler did not follow.\n\nOn Sunday, December 8, 1968, just moments after a dramatic 17–16 Bears win over the Los Angeles Rams in Los Angeles, he died of his third heart attack at home in Skokie, Illinois. Two days after his death, more than 500 people attended his funeral, with the Bears canceling a team practice so players, coaches, and staff could attend. The following Sunday, December 15, 1968, when the Bears hosted the Green Bay Packers at Wrigley Field, a moment of silence was held before kickoff.\n\nHandler had two children and two grandchildren when he died, and was survived by his wife. Notably, Handler's third grandson was born five days after his death and was not only named after the coach — Philip Handler — but also later worked for the Chicago Bears for 11 years.\n\nHandler is a member of the Chicago Sports Hall of Fame, the Chicago Jewish Sports Hall of Fame, and the B'nai B'rith Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. His 17 seasons as a Chicago Bears assistant rank second in the history of the NFL's oldest franchise. All told, Handler spent 39 years as a player and coach in the NFL.\n\nSee also\n List of select Jewish football players\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Pro Football Reference (player)\n Pro Football Reference (coach)\n\n1908 births\n1968 deaths\nAmerican football guards\nChicago Bears coaches\nChicago Cardinals coaches\nChicago Cardinals head coaches\nChicago Cardinals players\nJewish American sportspeople\nPlayers of American football from Texas\nSportspeople from Fort Worth, Texas\nTCU Horned Frogs football players\n20th-century American Jews", "Al Barbre (born October 13, 1942) is an American former basketball coach. He has coached men's and women's basketball at the high school and college level. He served as an assistant coach for the Stephen F. Austin and Lamar men's basketball teams. At Stephen F. Austin, the Lumberjacks won 29 straight games in the 1969–70 season. He took over as the Lamar Lady Cardinals basketball head coach prior to the 1987–88 season. As head coach for the Lady Cardinals, his team's results improved each year. His 1990–91 team qualified for the 1991 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament and defeated Texas, LSU, and Arkansas before losing to the eventual tournament champion finalist, Virginia Cavaliers, in the Elite Eight round. In addition to his coaching skills, he was a good recruiter.\n\nAt 29–4, his 1990–91 team holds the Lamar Lady Cardinals record for most wins in a season. The 1991 NCAA regional tournament game held on the Lady Cardinals' home court, the Montagne Center, against the LSU Lady Tigers set a Montagne Center attendance record for a women's basketball game with 9,143 fans in attendance.\n\nHonors and probation\nAs head coach for the Lady Cardinals, Al Barbe was named American South Conference Co-coach of the Year in 1988 and 1989. In 1991, he was named American South Conference Coach of the Year and Converse District VI Coach of the Year.\n\nFollowing an NCAA investigation, all wins for the 1990–91 season were vacated due to violations by the program. In addition, the program was placed on two years' probation and the number of allowed scholarships was reduced during the probation period. Al Barbre resigned as head coach. Barbre did not coach at the collegiate level again following his resignation in 1992.\n\nHead coaching record\n\n* 1990–91 wins vacated by the NCAA\n\nReferences \n\n1942 births\nLiving people\nHigh school basketball coaches in Texas\nLamar Cardinals basketball coaches\nLamar Lady Cardinals basketball coaches\nLon Morris College alumni\nStephen F. Austin Lumberjacks basketball coaches\nStephen F. Austin State University alumni\nAmerican women's basketball coaches" ]

[ "Billy Southworth", "Early career as a manager", "What started his career as a manager?", "Southworth's managerial career began in 1928 with the Rochester Red Wings of the AA International League", "Was he a good manager there?", "The team won the IL championship that season.", "What was his strategy as a manager?", "he attempted to impose discipline on the Cardinals,", "Did he work with anyone of note?", "I don't know.", "What other teams did he manager?", "he quit a coaching job with the 1933 Giants", "Why did he quit?", "-- the death of his wife Lida at age 42 -- began a downward spiral. Beset by struggles with alcoholism,", "Did he manager any other teams after he quit coaching for the Giants?", "he rejoined the Cardinals' minor league system in 1935 and by 1939 he was again enjoying success as Rochester's manager.", "What was his most prominent moment as a coach for the Cardinals?", "Southworth was sent back to Rochester on July 21, McKechnie was rehired, and the Cardinals finished in fourth place." ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Billy Southworth", "Early career as a manager", "What started his career as a manager?", "Southworth's managerial career began in 1928 with the Rochester Red Wings of the AA International League", "Was he a good manager there?", "The team won the IL championship that season.", "What was his strategy as a manager?", "he attempted to impose discipline on the Cardinals,", "Did he work with anyone of note?", "I don't know.", "What other teams did he manager?", "he quit a coaching job with the 1933 Giants", "Why did he quit?", "-- the death of his wife Lida at age 42 -- began a downward spiral. Beset by struggles with alcoholism,", "Did he manager any other teams after he quit coaching for the Giants?", "he rejoined the Cardinals' minor league system in 1935 and by 1939 he was again enjoying success as Rochester's manager.", "What was his most prominent moment as a coach for the Cardinals?", "Southworth was sent back to Rochester on July 21, McKechnie was rehired, and the Cardinals finished in fourth place.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "playing career reached the end of the road, as he appeared in only 19 games," ]

[ "Albert George Henry Why, known by the alias Alby Carr, (1899–1969) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s player for South Sydney, who played under his alias for most of his career.\n\nPlaying career\nHe was born at Brewarrina in 1899. His family later moved to Redfern and he played his junior football in Wellington and later at Mascot.\n\nAs Alby Carr, he played four seasons for South Sydney between 1924 and 1927, including winning the 1926 and 1927 Grand Final's. Carr was also a premiership winner with South Sydney in 1925 as the club went the entire season undefeated. He represented New South Wales in 1924 under his alias. He played one last season with South Sydney in 1930, this time under his correct name of Alby Why. He played one season as Alby Why in 1930 before retiring. He was the brother of Australian Kangaroo, Jack Why.\n\nCoaching career\nIn 1950, Alby Why coached the Canterbury-Bankstown team for a season before taking over from Vic Bulgin halfway through 1951. He continued to coach Canterbury-Bankstown in 1952.\n\nAlias, and exposure\nA newspaper report from 1929 exposed Alby Carr as a 'ring-in' , who was actually Alby Why, the brother of Jack Why. The report was tabled at the NSWRFL on 13 May 1929. Alby Carr's true identity was revealed at the meeting regarding the 'ring-in' allegations. Alby Why tells the story: \"I commenced my footballing days at Wellington in 1917. In 1921 he was at Redfern Oval and was asked to play third grade for the Mascot team as 'A.Carr'. Alby Why candidly admitted that he was Alby Carr, in what was known in the turf-world as a 'ring-in'. Then selected as A. Carr, he played one year with Newtown in 1922, then joining the City Houses Competition before being graded with South Sydney Rabbitohs in 1924. During this time and later in England playing with Huddersfield, he retained the name 'Carr', but by 1929 he wished to be recognized by his real name, as his brother Jack Why also played with Souths.\"\n\nDeath\nAlbert George Henry Why died on 29 December 1969, aged 70.\n\nReferences\n\nSources\n \n\n1899 births\n1969 deaths\nAustralian rugby league coaches\nAustralian rugby league players\nCanterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs coaches\n\nNew South Wales rugby league team players\nRugby league centres\nRugby league second-rows\nSouth Sydney Rabbitohs players", "Zenon Trzonkowski (19 September 1957 – 18 November 2021) was a Polish professional footballer who played as a defender and later coach and manager.\n\nPlaying career\nStarting his career at Stal Brzeg Trzonkowski went on to play 34 matches in the top division for Śląsk Wrocław. He also played for their reserves when they won promotion to the third division in 1982, before ending his career at rivals Zagłębie Lubin.\n\nHe ended his playing career aged 26 due to a career-ending knee injury.\n\nCoaching and managerial career\nTrzonkowski managed Śląsk's youth and reserve teams, and won promotion to the third division with the latter. In 1985 he was briefly manager of Odra Opole. He later also managed Karpaty Krosno and ended his career at home club, called BTP at the time.\n\nReferences\n\n1957 births\n2021 deaths\nSportspeople from Lower Silesian Voivodeship\nPolish footballers\nAssociation football defenders\nEkstraklasa players\nŚląsk Wrocław players\nZagłębie Lubin players\nPolish football managers\nŚląsk Wrocław managers\nOdra Opole managers\nKarpaty Krosno managers" ]

[ "Melungeon", "Definition" ]

[ "The Open Definition is a document published by the Open Knowledge Foundation (OKF) (previously Open Knowledge International) to define openness in relation to data and content. It specifies what licences for such material may and may not stipulate, in order to be considered open licences. The definition itself was derived from the Open Source Definition for software.\n\nOKI summarise the document as:\n\nThe latest form of the document, published in November 2015, is version 2.1. The use of language in the document is conformant with RFC 2119.\n\nThe document is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which itself meets the Open Definition.\n\nHistory \n\n August 2005: Circulation of the first draft of the Open Definition, v0.1. \n July 2006: publication of v1.0\n November 2009: publication of v1.1\n October 2014: publication of v2.0\n November 2015: publication of v2.1\n\nSee also \n Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities\n Budapest Open Access Initiative\nDefinition of Free Cultural Works\n UNESCO 2012 Paris OER Declaration\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\n \n Why the Open Definition Matters for Open Data, September 2014 blog post by Rufus Pollock, founder and president of OKI\n\nOpen data\nOpen content\n2005 documents", "A definition is a statement of the meaning of a term (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols). Definitions can be classified into two large categories, intensional definitions (which try to give the sense of a term) and extensional definitions (which try to list the objects that a term describes). Another important category of definitions is the class of ostensive definitions, which convey the meaning of a term by pointing out examples. A term may have many different senses and multiple meanings, and thus require multiple definitions.\n\nIn mathematics, a definition is used to give a precise meaning to a new term, by describing a condition which unambiguously qualifies what a mathematical term is and is not. Definitions and axioms form the basis on which all of modern mathematics is to be constructed.\n\nBasic terminology\n\nIn modern usage, a definition is something, typically expressed in words, that attaches a meaning to a word or group of words. The word or group of words that is to be defined is called the definiendum, and the word, group of words, or action that defines it is called the definiens. For example, in the definition \"An elephant is a large gray animal native to Asia and Africa\", the word \"elephant\" is the definiendum, and everything after the word \"is\" is the definiens.\n\nThe definiens is not the meaning of the word defined, but is instead something that conveys the same meaning as that word.\n\nThere are many sub-types of definitions, often specific to a given field of knowledge or study. These include, among many others, lexical definitions, or the common dictionary definitions of words already in a language; demonstrative definitions, which define something by pointing to an example of it (\"This,\" [said while pointing to a large grey animal], \"is an Asian elephant.\"); and precising definitions, which reduce the vagueness of a word, typically in some special sense (\"'Large', among female Asian elephants, is any individual weighing over 5,500 pounds.\").\n\nIntensional definitions vs extensional definitions\n\nAn intensional definition, also called a connotative definition, specifies the necessary and sufficient conditions for a thing to be a member of a specific set. Any definition that attempts to set out the essence of something, such as that by genus and differentia, is an intensional definition.\n\nAn extensional definition, also called a denotative definition, of a concept or term specifies its extension. It is a list naming every object that is a member of a specific set.\n\nThus, the \"seven deadly sins\" can be defined intensionally as those singled out by Pope Gregory I as particularly destructive of the life of grace and charity within a person, thus creating the threat of eternal damnation. An extensional definition, on the other hand, would be the list of wrath, greed, sloth, pride, lust, envy, and gluttony. In contrast, while an intensional definition of \"Prime Minister\" might be \"the most senior minister of a cabinet in the executive branch of parliamentary government\", an extensional definition is not possible since it is not known who the future prime ministers will be (even though all prime ministers from the past and present can be listed).\n\nClasses of intensional definitions\n\nA genus–differentia definition is a type of intensional definition that takes a large category (the genus) and narrows it down to a smaller category by a distinguishing characteristic (i.e. the differentia).\n\nMore formally, a genus–differentia definition consists of:\n a genus (or family): An existing definition that serves as a portion of the new definition; all definitions with the same genus are considered members of that genus.\n the differentia: The portion of the new definition that is not provided by the genus.\n\nFor example, consider the following genus–differentia definitions:\n a triangle: A plane figure that has three straight bounding sides.\n a quadrilateral: A plane figure that has four straight bounding sides.\n\nThose definitions can be expressed as a genus (\"a plane figure\") and two differentiae (\"that has three straight bounding sides\" and \"that has four straight bounding sides\", respectively).\n\nIt is also possible to have two different genus–differentia definitions that describe the same term, especially when the term describes the overlap of two large categories. For instance, both of these genus–differentia definitions of \"square\" are equally acceptable:\n a square: a rectangle that is a rhombus.\n a square: a rhombus that is a rectangle.\n\nThus, a \"square\" is a member of both genera (the plural of genus): the genus \"rectangle\" and the genus \"rhombus\".\n\nClasses of extensional definitions\nOne important form of the extensional definition is ostensive definition. This gives the meaning of a term by pointing, in the case of an individual, to the thing itself, or in the case of a class, to examples of the right kind. For example, one can explain who Alice (an individual) is, by pointing her out to another; or what a rabbit (a class) is, by pointing at several and expecting another to understand. The process of ostensive definition itself was critically appraised by Ludwig Wittgenstein.\n\nAn enumerative definition of a concept or a term is an extensional definition that gives an explicit and exhaustive listing of all the objects that fall under the concept or term in question. Enumerative definitions are only possible for finite sets (and in fact only practical for relatively small sets).\n\nDivisio and partitio\nDivisio and partitio are classical terms for definitions. A partitio is simply an intensional definition. A divisio is not an extensional definition, but an exhaustive list of subsets of a set, in the sense that every member of the \"divided\" set is a member of one of the subsets. An extreme form of divisio lists all sets whose only member is a member of the \"divided\" set. The difference between this and an extensional definition is that extensional definitions list members, and not subsets.\n\nNominal definitions vs real definitions\n\nIn classical thought, a definition was taken to be a statement of the essence of a thing. Aristotle had it that an object's essential attributes form its \"essential nature\", and that a definition of the object must include these essential attributes.\n\nThe idea that a definition should state the essence of a thing led to the distinction between nominal and real essence—a distinction originating with Aristotle. In the Posterior Analytics, he says that the meaning of a made-up name can be known (he gives the example \"goat stag\") without knowing what he calls the \"essential nature\" of the thing that the name would denote (if there were such a thing). This led medieval logicians to distinguish between what they called the quid nominis, or the \"whatness of the name\", and the underlying nature common to all the things it names, which they called the quid rei, or the \"whatness of the thing\". The name \"hobbit\", for example, is perfectly meaningful. It has a quid nominis, but one could not know the real nature of hobbits, and so the quid rei of hobbits cannot be known. By contrast, the name \"man\" denotes real things (men) that have a certain quid rei. The meaning of a name is distinct from the nature that a thing must have in order that the name apply to it.\n\nThis leads to a corresponding distinction between nominal and real definitions. A nominal definition is the definition explaining what a word means (i.e., which says what the \"nominal essence\" is), and is definition in the classical sense as given above. A real definition, by contrast, is one expressing the real nature or quid rei of the thing.\n\nThis preoccupation with essence dissipated in much of modern philosophy. Analytic philosophy, in particular, is critical of attempts to elucidate the essence of a thing. Russell described essence as \"a hopelessly muddle-headed notion\".\n\nMore recently Kripke's formalisation of possible world semantics in modal logic led to a new approach to essentialism. Insofar as the essential properties of a thing are necessary to it, they are those things that it possesses in all possible worlds. Kripke refers to names used in this way as rigid designators.\n\nOperational vs. theoretical definitions\nA definition may also be classified as an operational definition or theoretical definition.\n\nTerms with multiple definitions\n\nHomonyms\n\nA homonym is, in the strict sense, one of a group of words that share the same spelling and pronunciation but have different meanings. Thus homonyms are simultaneously homographs (words that share the same spelling, regardless of their pronunciation) and homophones (words that share the same pronunciation, regardless of their spelling). The state of being a homonym is called homonymy. Examples of homonyms are the pair stalk (part of a plant) and stalk (follow/harass a person) and the pair left (past tense of leave) and left (opposite of right). A distinction is sometimes made between \"true\" homonyms, which are unrelated in origin, such as skate (glide on ice) and skate (the fish), and polysemous homonyms, or polysemes, which have a shared origin, such as mouth (of a river) and mouth (of an animal).\n\nPolysemes\n\nPolysemy is the capacity for a sign (such as a word, phrase, or symbol) to have multiple meanings (that is, multiple semes or sememes and thus multiple senses), usually related by contiguity of meaning within a semantic field. It is thus usually regarded as distinct from homonymy, in which the multiple meanings of a word may be unconnected or unrelated.\n\nIn logic and mathematics\nIn mathematics, definitions are generally not used to describe existing terms, but to describe or characterize a concept. For naming the object of a definition mathematicians can use either a neologism (this was mainly the case in the past) or words or phrases of the common language (this is generally the case in modern mathematics). The precise meaning of a term given by a mathematical definition is often different than the English definition of the word used, which can lead to confusion, particularly when the meanings are close. For example a set is not exactly the same thing in mathematics and in common language. In some case, the word used can be misleading; for example, a real number has nothing more (or less) real than an imaginary number. Frequently, a definition uses a phrase built with common English words, which has no meaning outside mathematics, such as primitive group or irreducible variety.\n\nClassification\nAuthors have used different terms to classify definitions used in formal languages like mathematics. Norman Swartz classifies a definition as \"stipulative\" if it is intended to guide a specific discussion. A stipulative definition might be considered a temporary, working definition, and can only be disproved by showing a logical contradiction. In contrast, a \"descriptive\" definition can be shown to be \"right\" or \"wrong\" with reference to general usage.\n\nSwartz defines a precising definition as one that extends the descriptive dictionary definition (lexical definition) for a specific purpose by including additional criteria. A precising definition narrows the set of things that meet the definition.\n\nC.L. Stevenson has identified persuasive definition as a form of stipulative definition which purports to state the \"true\" or \"commonly accepted\" meaning of a term, while in reality stipulating an altered use (perhaps as an argument for some specific belief). Stevenson has also noted that some definitions are \"legal\" or \"coercive\" – their object is to create or alter rights, duties, or crimes.\n\nRecursive definitions\nA recursive definition, sometimes also called an inductive definition, is one that defines a word in terms of itself, so to speak, albeit in a useful way. Normally this consists of three steps:\n At least one thing is stated to be a member of the set being defined; this is sometimes called a \"base set\".\n All things bearing a certain relation to other members of the set are also to count as members of the set. It is this step that makes the definition recursive.\n All other things are excluded from the set\n\nFor instance, we could define a natural number as follows (after Peano): \n \"0\" is a natural number.\n Each natural number has a unique successor, such that:\n the successor of a natural number is also a natural number;\n distinct natural numbers have distinct successors;\n no natural number is succeeded by \"0\".\n Nothing else is a natural number.\n\nSo \"0\" will have exactly one successor, which for convenience can be called \"1\". In turn, \"1\" will have exactly one successor, which could be called \"2\", and so on. Notice that the second condition in the definition itself refers to natural numbers, and hence involves self-reference. Although this sort of definition involves a form of circularity, it is not vicious, and the definition has been quite successful.\n\nIn the same way, we can define ancestor as follows:\nA parent is an ancestor.\nA parent of an ancestor is an ancestor.\nNothing else is an ancestor.\nOr simply: an ancestor is a parent or a parent of an ancestor.\n\nIn medicine\nIn medical dictionaries, guidelines and other consensus statements and classifications, definitions should as far as possible be:\nsimple and easy to understand, preferably even by the general public;\nuseful clinically or in related areas where the definition will be used;\nspecific (that is, by reading the definition only, it should ideally not be possible to refer to any other entity than that being defined);\nmeasurable;\na reflection of current scientific knowledge.\n\nProblems\n\nCertain rules have traditionally been given for definitions (in particular, genus-differentia definitions).\nA definition must set out the essential attributes of the thing defined.\nDefinitions should avoid circularity. To define a horse as \"a member of the species equus\" would convey no information whatsoever. For this reason, Locke adds that a definition of a term must not consist of terms which are synonymous with it. This would be a circular definition, a circulus in definiendo. Note, however, that it is acceptable to define two relative terms in respect of each other. Clearly, we cannot define \"antecedent\" without using the term \"consequent\", nor conversely.\nThe definition must not be too wide or too narrow. It must be applicable to everything to which the defined term applies (i.e. not miss anything out), and to nothing else (i.e. not include any things to which the defined term would not truly apply).\nThe definition must not be obscure. The purpose of a definition is to explain the meaning of a term which may be obscure or difficult, by the use of terms that are commonly understood and whose meaning is clear. The violation of this rule is known by the Latin term obscurum per obscurius. However, sometimes scientific and philosophical terms are difficult to define without obscurity.\nA definition should not be negative where it can be positive. We should not define \"wisdom\" as the absence of folly, or a healthy thing as whatever is not sick. Sometimes this is unavoidable, however. For example, it appears difficult to define blindness in positive terms rather than as \"the absence of sight in a creature that is normally sighted\".\n\nFallacies of definition\n\nLimitations of definition\nGiven that a natural language such as English contains, at any given time, a finite number of words, any comprehensive list of definitions must either be circular or rely upon primitive notions. If every term of every definiens must itself be defined, \"where at last should we stop?\" A dictionary, for instance, insofar as it is a comprehensive list of lexical definitions, must resort to circularity.\n\nMany philosophers have chosen instead to leave some terms undefined. The scholastic philosophers claimed that the highest genera (called the ten generalissima) cannot be defined, since a higher genus cannot be assigned under which they may fall. Thus being, unity and similar concepts cannot be defined. Locke supposes in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding that the names of simple concepts do not admit of any definition. More recently Bertrand Russell sought to develop a formal language based on logical atoms. Other philosophers, notably Wittgenstein, rejected the need for any undefined simples. Wittgenstein pointed out in his Philosophical Investigations that what counts as a \"simple\" in one circumstance might not do so in another. He rejected the very idea that every explanation of the meaning of a term needed itself to be explained: \"As though an explanation hung in the air unless supported by another one\", claiming instead that explanation of a term is only needed to avoid misunderstanding.\n\nLocke and Mill also argued that individuals cannot be defined. Names are learned by connecting an idea with a sound, so that speaker and hearer have the same idea when the same word is used. This is not possible when no one else is acquainted with the particular thing that has \"fallen under our notice\". Russell offered his theory of descriptions in part as a way of defining a proper name, the definition being given by a definite description that \"picks out\" exactly one individual. Saul Kripke pointed to difficulties with this approach, especially in relation to modality, in his book Naming and Necessity.\n\nThere is a presumption in the classic example of a definition that the definiens can be stated. Wittgenstein argued that for some terms this is not the case.<ref>Philosophical Investigations</ref> The examples he used include game, number and family. In such cases, he argued, there is no fixed boundary that can be used to provide a definition. Rather, the items are grouped together because of a family resemblance. For terms such as these it is not possible and indeed not necessary to state a definition; rather, one simply comes to understand the use of the term.\n\nSee also\n\nAnalytic proposition\nCircular definition\nDefinable set\nDefinitionism\nExtensional definition\nFallacies of definition\nIndeterminacy\nIntensional definition\nLexical definition\nOperational definition\nOstensive definition\nRamsey–Lewis method\nSemantics\nSynthetic proposition\nTheoretical definition\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\n (full text of 1st ed. (1906))\n (worldcat) (full text of 2nd ed. (1916))\n (full text: vol 1, vol 2)\n\nExternal links\n \nDefinitions, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Gupta, Anil (2008)\nDefinitions, Dictionaries, and Meanings, Norman Swartz 1997\nGuy Longworth (ca. 2008) \"Definitions: Uses and Varieties of\". = in: K. Brown (ed.): Elsevier Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics'', Elsevier.\nDefinition and Meaning, a very short introduction by Garth Kemerling (2001).\n\n \nPhilosophical logic\nPhilosophy of language\nSemantics\nLinguistics terminology\nMathematical terminology\nConcepts in logic\nLexicography\nMeaning (philosophy of language)" ]

[ "Melungeon", "Definition", "What is the definition?", "Melungeons have been defined as having multiracial ancestry." ]

[ "Ether Saga Odyssey (commonly abbreviated as ESO), was a free-to-play MMORPG developed by Perfect World. The International version was released worldwide in an English-language format. Ether Saga launched its closed beta February 2, 2009. The open beta began on March 17, 2009. And was fully released on July 1, 2009. Arcgames shut down Ether Saga Odyssey on January 4, 2016.\n\nEther Saga Online is heavily based on the Chinese novel Journey to the West.\n\nRaces\nRen is the archetypal human race. The Ren run most of the major cities. They have advanced technology, societies and political systems. Their influence extends far and wide. It is the Human task to collect fragments of the Divine Chalice which were scattered about the world when a clumsy official dropped it.\n\nShenzu is the Demigod race. These individuals keep mostly to themselves focusing on spiritual cultivation and reaching higher levels of consciousness. They have been instructed to capture a certain pig demon who is actually the reincarnation of a powerful yet unruly heavenly general.\n\nYaoh were once animals but through advanced spiritual cultivation they were acknowledged by Heaven and granted acceptance as powerful and worthy of respect. Yaoh communities are found in various parts of the land. Their goal is to find a Sacred Ark that was discovered missing during the Peach Yard Banquet. Without this vessel the sacred knowledge cannot be brought to the Middle Kingdom.\n\nMogui are descents of Dragons. They are dark skinned with horns who live in volcano like area called Zappah Altar, where they Worship their deity, the Zappah Dragon. Currently all Mogui players are set on a mission to advertise their existence and power to the other races, the world, and to the gods.\n\nClasses\nDragoon\nConsidered as a Tank. Engages in battle using a spear and wears Guardian armor.\n\nRogue\nConsidered as a damage dealer. Uses poison-tipped daggers and wears Scout armor.\n\nMystic\nis a healer, can cast Buffs. Uses a staff for battle and wears Arcane armor.\n\nRanger\nConsidered a ranged damage dealer. Can cast debuffs on enemies. Wears Scout armor and fights with a bow.\n\nConjurer\nis an offensive spell-caster. Can cast positive buffs. Equips a type of weapon called and wears Arcane armor in battle.\n\nShaman\nis a healer with great debuffing abilities. Wears Guardian armor and fights with a hammer.\n\nMaven\nis an offensive spell-caster with many bleeding curses. Wears Arcane armors and fight with a scepter\n\nHellion\nis an offensive melee class. Has a special system, rage system that means they get mana by being hit. They can sacrifice their own hp to get rage. Wears Guardian armor and fights with dual-axes\n\nFeatures\nPet System\nEther Saga Online has an expansive pet system in which pets can be leveled, trained, evolved and combined with each other. All four races have a starter pet.\nThe starter pets consist of:\n the Shenzu race get a Baby Matou Longtail\n the Yaoh race get a Baby Katsu Fox\n the Mogui get a Redmalkin Cub\n the Ren race get a Baby Dewdrop Bunny\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Ether Saga Official Website\n Ether Saga US Official Website\n Ether Saga English Unofficial Wikipedia\n Ether Saga Encyclopedia\n\n2008 video games\nMassively multiplayer online role-playing games\nFantasy massively multiplayer online role-playing games\nFantasy video games\nPerfect World games\nShenmo fiction\nProducts and services discontinued in 2016\nVideo games developed in China\nLua (programming language)-scripted video games\nInactive massively multiplayer online games\nWindows games\nWindows-only games\nVideo games based on Chinese mythology", "The 1965 Giro d'Italia was the 48th running of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tour races. The Giro started in San Marino, on 15 May, with a stage and concluded in Florence, on 6 June, with a leg. A total of 100 riders from 10 teams entered the 22-stage race, which was won by Italian Vittorio Adorni of the Salvarani team. The second and third places were taken by Italian riders Italo Zilioli and Felice Gimondi, respectively.\n\nTeams\n\nTen teams were invited by the race organizers to participate in the 1965 edition of the Giro d'Italia. Each team sent a squad of ten riders, which meant that the race started with a peloton of 100 cyclists. From the riders that began the race, 80 made it to the finish in Florence.\n\nThe teams entering the race were:\n\nRoute and stages\n\nThe race route was revealed to the public on 25 March 1965 by race director Vincenzo Torriani. San Marino hosted the start of the race, which marked the first time in race history that the race began outside of Italy. The small country only hosted the stage's start as the stage concluded in Perugia.\n\nClassification leadership\n\nOne jersey was worn during the 1965 Giro d'Italia. The leader of the general classification – calculated by adding the stage finish times of each rider – wore a pink jersey. This classification is the most important of the race, and its winner is considered as the winner of the Giro.\n\nThe mountains classification leader. Certain climbs were given different categories based on their difficulty, which each awarded different levels of points for each category. The first riders to the top of the climbs were awarded points. Although no jersey was awarded, there was also one classification for the teams, in which the teams were awarded points for their rider's performance during the stages.\n\nFinal standings\n\nGeneral classification\n\nMountains classification\n\nReferences\n\nCitations\n\n \n1965\nGiro d'Italia\nGiro d'Italia\nGiro d'Italia\nGiro d'Italia\n1965 Super Prestige Pernod" ]

[ "Melungeon", "Definition", "What is the definition?", "Melungeons have been defined as having multiracial ancestry.", "Were they considered a certain race on their own?", "They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype." ]

[ "A dominant caste is one which preponderates numerically over other castes and also wields preponderant economic and political power. A large and powerful caste group can be more easily dominant if its position in the local caste hierarchy is not too low. The concept of dominant caste was introduced in 1959 by sociologist M. N. Srinivas.\n\nCharacteristics\nSrinivas asserts that to be a dominant caste, a caste must have the following characteristics:\n It must own a sizeable amount of cultivable land.\n It must be of considerable numerical strength.\n It must enjoy a high place in the local caste hierarchy.\n\nWestern education, jobs in administration and political clout and contacts have been considered by subsequent authors to be additional factors of dominance.\n\nReferences\n\nCaste", "Ellen Damgaard Andersen is a physician and researcher who described Andersen Syndrome. This autosomal, dominant trait and the syndrome was described as a condition where ventricular arrhythmia, with an accompanying a variant of long QT interval, periodic paralysis and distinctive physical characteristics.\n\nReferences\n\nDanish women physicians\nLiving people\n1939 births" ]

[ "Melungeon", "Definition", "What is the definition?", "Melungeons have been defined as having multiracial ancestry.", "Were they considered a certain race on their own?", "They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype.", "Were there more dominant characteristics?", "They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype." ]

[ "In compiler theory, a reaching definition for a given instruction is an earlier instruction whose target variable can reach (be assigned to) the given one without an intervening assignment. For example, in the following code:\n\n d1 : y := 3\n d2 : x := y\n\nd1 is a reaching definition for d2. In the following, example, however:\n\n d1 : y := 3\n d2 : y := 4\n d3 : x := y\n\nd1 is no longer a reaching definition for d3, because d2 kills its reach: the value defined in d1 is no longer available and cannot reach d3.\n\nAs analysis \n\nThe similarly named reaching definitions is a data-flow analysis which statically determines which definitions may reach a given point in the code. Because of its simplicity, it is often used as the canonical example of a data-flow analysis in textbooks. The data-flow confluence operator used is set union, and the analysis is forward flow. Reaching definitions are used to compute use-def chains.\n\nThe data-flow equations used for a given basic block in reaching definitions are:\n\n \n \n\nIn other words, the set of reaching definitions going into are all of the reaching definitions from 's predecessors, . consists of all of the basic blocks that come before in the control-flow graph. The reaching definitions coming out of are all reaching definitions of its predecessors minus those reaching definitions whose variable is killed by plus any new definitions generated within .\n\nFor a generic instruction, we define the and sets as follows:\n\n , a set of locally available definitions in a basic block \n , a set of definitions (not locally available, but in the rest of the program) killed by definitions in the basic block. \n\nwhere is the set of all definitions that assign to the variable . Here is a unique label attached to the assigning instruction; thus, the domain of values in reaching definitions are these instruction labels.\n\nWorklist algorithm\nReaching definition is usually calculated using an iterative worklist algorithm. \n\nInput: control-flow graph CFG = (Nodes, Edges, Entry, Exit)\n// Initialize\nfor all CFG nodes n in N,\n OUT[n] = emptyset; // can optimize by OUT[n] = GEN[n];\n\n// put all nodes into the changed set\n// N is all nodes in graph,\nChanged = N;\n\n// Iterate \nwhile (Changed != emptyset)\n{\n choose a node n in Changed;\n // remove it from the changed set\n Changed = Changed -{ n };\n\n // init IN[n] to be empty\n IN[n] = emptyset;\n\n // calculate IN[n] from predecessors' OUT[p]\n for all nodes p in predecessors(n)\n IN[n] = IN[n] Union OUT[p];\n\n oldout = OUT[n]; // save old OUT[n]\n \n // update OUT[n] using transfer function f_n ()\n OUT[n] = GEN[n] Union (IN[n] -KILL[n]);\n\n // any change to OUT[n] compared to previous value?\n if (OUT[n] changed) // compare oldout vs. OUT[n]\n { \n // if yes, put all successors of n into the changed set\n for all nodes s in successors(n)\n Changed = Changed U { s };\n }\n}\n\nFurther reading\n\nSee also \n\n Static single assignment form\n Reachable uses\n\nProgram analysis\nData-flow analysis", "Boxing has featured as a sport at the Youth Olympic Summer Games since its first edition in 2010. The Youth Olympic Games are multi-sport event and the games are held every four years just like the Olympic Games.\n\nEditions\n\nFormat\nThe boxing competition is organized as a set of tournaments, one for each weight class. The number of weight classes has changed over the years and the definition of each class has changed as shown in the following tables.\n\nMedal table\nAs of the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics.\n\nParticipating nations\n\nSee also\nBoxing at the Summer Olympics\n\nExternal links\nYouth Olympic Games\n\n \nYouth Olympics\nSports at the Summer Youth Olympics" ]

[ "Melungeon", "Definition", "What is the definition?", "Melungeons have been defined as having multiracial ancestry.", "Were they considered a certain race on their own?", "They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype.", "Were there more dominant characteristics?", "They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype.", "Has the definition changed?", "Melungeon are generally European American in appearance, often (though not always) with dark hair and eyes, and a swarthy or olive complexion." ]

[ "In mathematics, a rotation map is a function that represents an undirected edge-labeled graph, where each vertex enumerates its outgoing neighbors. Rotation maps were first introduced by Reingold, Vadhan and Wigderson (“Entropy waves, the zig-zag graph product, and new constant-degree expanders”, 2002) in order to conveniently define the zig-zag product and prove its properties.\nGiven a vertex and an edge label , the rotation map returns the 'th neighbor of and the edge label that would lead back to .\n\nDefinition\nFor a D-regular graph G, the rotation map is defined as follows: if the i th edge leaving v leads to w, and the j th edge leaving w leads to v.\n\nBasic properties\nFrom the definition we see that is a permutation, and moreover is the identity map ( is an involution).\n\nSpecial cases and properties \n A rotation map is consistently labeled if all the edges leaving each vertex are labeled in such a way that at each vertex, the labels of the incoming edges are all distinct. Every regular graph has some consistent labeling.\n A consistent rotation map can be used to encode a coined discrete time quantum walk on a (regular) graph.\n A rotation map is -consistent if . From the definition, a -consistent rotation map is consistently labeled.\n\nSee also\nZig-zag product\nRotation system\n\nReferences\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\nExtensions and generalizations of graphs\nGraph operations", "In statistics, a consistent estimator or asymptotically consistent estimator is an estimator—a rule for computing estimates of a parameter θ0—having the property that as the number of data points used increases indefinitely, the resulting sequence of estimates converges in probability to θ0. This means that the distributions of the estimates become more and more concentrated near the true value of the parameter being estimated, so that the probability of the estimator being arbitrarily close to θ0 converges to one.\n\nIn practice one constructs an estimator as a function of an available sample of size n, and then imagines being able to keep collecting data and expanding the sample ad infinitum. In this way one would obtain a sequence of estimates indexed by n, and consistency is a property of what occurs as the sample size “grows to infinity”. If the sequence of estimates can be mathematically shown to converge in probability to the true value θ0, it is called a consistent estimator; otherwise the estimator is said to be inconsistent.\n\nConsistency as defined here is sometimes referred to as weak consistency. When we replace convergence in probability with almost sure convergence, then the estimator is said to be strongly consistent. Consistency is related to bias; see bias versus consistency.\n\nDefinition \nFormally speaking, an estimator Tn of parameter θ is said to be consistent, if it converges in probability to the true value of the parameter:\n \ni.e. if, for all ε > 0\n \n\nA more rigorous definition takes into account the fact that θ is actually unknown, and thus the convergence in probability must take place for every possible value of this parameter. Suppose } is a family of distributions (the parametric model), and } is an infinite sample from the distribution pθ. Let { Tn(Xθ) } be a sequence of estimators for some parameter g(θ). Usually Tn will be based on the first n observations of a sample. Then this sequence {Tn} is said to be (weakly) consistent if \n \n\nThis definition uses g(θ) instead of simply θ, because often one is interested in estimating a certain function or a sub-vector of the underlying parameter. In the next example we estimate the location parameter of the model, but not the scale:\n\nExamples\n\nSample mean of a normal random variable \n\nSuppose one has a sequence of observations {X1, X2, ...} from a normal N(μ, σ2) distribution. To estimate μ based on the first n observations, one can use the sample mean: Tn = (X1 + ... + Xn)/n. This defines a sequence of estimators, indexed by the sample size n.\n\nFrom the properties of the normal distribution, we know the sampling distribution of this statistic: Tn is itself normally distributed, with mean μ and variance σ2/n. Equivalently, has a standard normal distribution:\n \nas n tends to infinity, for any fixed . Therefore, the sequence Tn of sample means is consistent for the population mean μ (recalling that is the cumulative distribution of the normal distribution).\n\nEstablishing consistency \n\nThe notion of asymptotic consistency is very close, almost synonymous to the notion of convergence in probability. As such, any theorem, lemma, or property which establishes convergence in probability may be used to prove the consistency. Many such tools exist:\n\n In order to demonstrate consistency directly from the definition one can use the inequality \n \nthe most common choice for function h being either the absolute value (in which case it is known as Markov inequality), or the quadratic function (respectively Chebyshev's inequality).\n\n Another useful result is the continuous mapping theorem: if Tn is consistent for θ and g(·) is a real-valued function continuous at point θ, then g(Tn) will be consistent for g(θ):\n \n\n Slutsky’s theorem can be used to combine several different estimators, or an estimator with a non-random convergent sequence. If Tn →dα, and Sn →pβ, then \n \n\n If estimator Tn is given by an explicit formula, then most likely the formula will employ sums of random variables, and then the law of large numbers can be used: for a sequence {Xn} of random variables and under suitable conditions,\n \n\n If estimator Tn is defined implicitly, for example as a value that maximizes certain objective function (see extremum estimator), then a more complicated argument involving stochastic equicontinuity has to be used.\n\nBias versus consistency\n\nUnbiased but not consistent \nAn estimator can be unbiased but not consistent. For example, for an iid sample {x,..., x} one can use T(X) = x as the estimator of the mean E[x]. Note that here the sampling distribution of T is the same as the underlying distribution (for any n, as it ignores all points but the last), so E[T(X)] = E[x] and it is unbiased, but it does not converge to any value.\n\nHowever, if a sequence of estimators is unbiased and converges to a value, then it is consistent, as it must converge to the correct value.\n\nBiased but consistent \nAlternatively, an estimator can be biased but consistent. For example, if the mean is estimated by it is biased, but as , it approaches the correct value, and so it is consistent.\n\nImportant examples include the sample variance and sample standard deviation. Without Bessel's correction (that is, when using the sample size instead of the degrees of freedom ), these are both negatively biased but consistent estimators. With the correction, the corrected sample variance is unbiased, while the corrected sample standard deviation is still biased, but less so, and both are still consistent: the correction factor converges to 1 as sample size grows.\n\nHere is another example. Let be a sequence of estimators for .\n\nWe can see that , , and the bias does not converge to zero.\n\nSee also \n Efficient estimator\n Fisher consistency — alternative, although rarely used concept of consistency for the estimators\n Regression dilution\n Statistical hypothesis testing\n\nNotes\n\nReferences \n \n \n \n \n.\n\nExternal links \n by Mark Thoma\n\nEstimator\nAsymptotic theory (statistics)" ]

[ "Melungeon", "Definition", "What is the definition?", "Melungeons have been defined as having multiracial ancestry.", "Were they considered a certain race on their own?", "They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype.", "Were there more dominant characteristics?", "They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype.", "Has the definition changed?", "Melungeon are generally European American in appearance, often (though not always) with dark hair and eyes, and a swarthy or olive complexion.", "Has that definition be consistent?", "in the 19th and early 20th century, they were sometimes identified as \"Portuguese,\" \"Native American,\" or \"light-skinned African American\"." ]

[ "In process theology, dipolar theism is the position that to conceive a perfect God, one must conceive him as embodying the \"good\" in sometimes-opposing characteristics, and therefore such a deity cannot be understood to embody only one set of characteristics.\n\nFor instance, here are some characteristics commonly associated with God:\nOne — Many\nTranscendent — Immanent\nEternal — Temporal\nMutable — Immutable\nMerciful — Just\nSimple — Complex\n\nDipolar theism holds that in each pair, both of the characteristics contain some element of good. To embody all perfections, therefore, God must embody the good in both characteristics, and cannot be limited to one, because a God limited to one would suffer the limits of the one, and lack the good in the other.\n\nFor instance, there is a \"good\" in being just, and also a good in being merciful. In being just, God determines that the good are rewarded and the evil are punished. In being merciful, God forgives those who sin. It follows, therefore, that a God that was only just or only merciful would be less than perfect. Dipolar theism holds that a perfect God must embody the good in both of those characteristics. Thus, a perfect God has the \"good\" characteristics of justice and the good characteristics of mercy.\n\nAlternatively, there is good in having absolute power, and good in leading by persuasion. For a God to be perfect, he cannot rule solely by predestination, because then he would lack the good possessed by a God who led by persuasion. God must therefore embody the \"good\" in both power and persuasion. From this conclusion, some reject the existence of an omnipotent God.\n\nCritique of dipolar theism\nThose rejecting dipolar theism argue that it fails to distinguish between what we think God is and what God actually is. Just because we think God should be a certain way to embody our idea of perfection does not mean God embodies those characteristics in reality. \n\nThis critique is analogous to the critique of Anselm's ontological argument by Gaunilo: \"Just because I can imagine a perfect island does not mean that it actually exists. Things are what they are no matter what I think they should be.\"\n\nPhilosophy of religion\nProcess theology\nTheism", "Azeban is a lower-level trickster spirit in Abenaki mythology. The traditional homeland of the Abenaki is Wobanakik (Place of the Dawn), what is now called northern New England, southern Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Azeban (also spelled Azban, Asban or Azaban) is a raccoon, the Abenaki trickster figure. Pronounced ah-zuh-bahn. Azeban does many foolish and/or mischievous things in Abenaki folktales, but unlike animal tricksters in some other tribes, is not dangerous or malevolent.\n\nAzeban deceives animals and other beings for food or other services.\n\nThere is an Abenaki story where a woman names her six dogs after their characteristics. She named one of the dogs Azeban. This woman Cedar Girl of the Abenaki [Dawn Land People] naming her dog \"Azeban\" has caused some confusion, causing people to assume the Abenaki trickster figure is a dog, not realizing she called the dog Azeban because he has the characteristics of the raccoon, the actual Abenaki Trickster figure.\n\nIn the story the dog Azeban is one of a litter of six dogs born to Awasosqua (Bear Woman). The others are Awasosis (Little Bear), Kwaniwibid (Long Tooth), Mikwe (Squirrel), Moosis (Little Moose) and Soksemo (Good Nose). All the spirits in Awasosqua's broods are dogs, and are named after their characteristics.\n\nReferences\n\nAbenaki legendary creatures\nMythological dogs\nTrickster gods\nFictional raccoons" ]

[ "Melungeon", "Definition", "What is the definition?", "Melungeons have been defined as having multiracial ancestry.", "Were they considered a certain race on their own?", "They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype.", "Were there more dominant characteristics?", "They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype.", "Has the definition changed?", "Melungeon are generally European American in appearance, often (though not always) with dark hair and eyes, and a swarthy or olive complexion.", "Has that definition be consistent?", "in the 19th and early 20th century, they were sometimes identified as \"Portuguese,\" \"Native American,\" or \"light-skinned African American\".", "What are some of the other characteristics?", "Other Melungeon individuals and families are accepted and identify as white, particularly since the mid-20th century." ]

[ "The Melungeon DNA Project is a genetic study started in 2005 by the private company Family Tree DNA of people with identified Melungeon ancestors (according to historic records), mostly residing in Hancock County, Tennessee and people with ancestors identified as Carmel Indians who lived in nearby areas of Kentucky. The Melungeon people are a mixed-race group who married within the group up until about 1900. There was speculation about their identity and ancestry for decades, and many differing accounts of their origins. \n\nThis study was started in 2005. Researchers published an article in 2012 summarizing their results. The female ancestors were shown to have had European DNA, while male ancestors had DNA from African or European haplogroups. Only one male had a Native American haplogroup.\n\nBackground \nThe term \"Melungeon\" was used by others from the early 19th century to describe a group of people living in Hancock County, Tennessee, and nearby areas. It was originally a pejorative. Vardy Collins is considered the patriarch of the Melungeons. Author Roberta Estes states that the first mention of Melungeons was in an 1810 record, identifying them as \"foreigners\" or \"Portuguese\", rather than either Negro or Indian. \n\nMarriage between Whites, Blacks, and Native Americans (including free people of color) was prohibited or taboo in many parts of the Thirteen colonies from the mid-18th century onwards, but free mixed-race families were formed by white women and African or African-American men before the American Revolutionary War. As the women were free, their children were born free, under the laws of the colonies that said children were born into their mother's status, according to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem. \n\nIn the mid-to-late 19th century, some Melungeons were living on the frontier and considered white by their neighbors and by the law. Some Melungeons served in the military, voted, and carried arms—all of which obligations and rights were reserved at the time for White male citizens. Following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion, southern states such as North Carolina had reduced the rights they had formerly extended to free people of color and free blacks.\n\nWhile the Melungeon communities largely practiced endogamy until c. 1900, marrying among their neighbors and known cohort; since then, individuals identifying as Melungeon have increasingly been marrying into the general population of White Americans.\n\nProject\n\nProject organization \nJack Goins, the project coordinator, is also the Hawkins County archivist. Of proven Melungeon ancestry, Goins has been researching the group for years and is the author of Melungeon and Other Pioneer Families and Melungeons Footprints From the Past. Additional project administrators have included Roberta Estes, Janet Crain, Penny Ferguson, and Kathy James. Estes founded 'DNA-explained' in 2004.\n\nParticipant identification \nMelungeon researchers determined participants' genealogical suitability for inclusion in the study based on historical documentation; a number of surnames have been identified as associated with Melungeon families (see below). The project was initiated in 2005 and is on-going. Participants must descend in a direct paternal line for Y chromosome (Y-DNA) testing, or in a direct female line for Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing.\n\nStudy subjects \nThe project organizers designated the following as core families, based on historical documentation: \nGroup 1 Core Melungeon\nBunch, Goins, Gibson, Minor, Collins, Williams, Goodman, Denham, Bowlin, Mullins, Moore, Shumake, Boltons, Perkins, Mornings, Menleys, Breedlove, Hopkins and Mallett; including name variations. \n\nGroup 2 Melungeon Related.\nIf the above names are in the participant's family, but are not in a direct line to enable Y-DNA or mtDNA testing, participants are placed in the Melungeon Related group.\n\nMore surnames may be added as this is an ongoing project.\n\nSome initial results \nResults of the Melungeon Core DNA Project were summarized in \"Melungeons, A Multi-Ethnic Population\", published in the Journal of Genetic Genealogy (April 2012). \n\nThe few women tested all belonged to haplogroup H (predominantly found in Europe) in their direct female lines. There is no single mtDNA maternal line for all Melungeons tested. All the mtDNA of subjects tested was found to be of European origin. \n\nTested males belonged primarily to African and European haplogroups, with the majority (12 of 21) in the latter. One male showed descent from a Native American haplogroup. Only one person in the project (from the Freeman line) tested as having Native American ancestry on the Y side. Eight lines were found to have African Y chromosome haplogroups, while 12 were European. \n\nParticipant breakdown by haplogroup was as follows: R1b (38 people) 47.5% , E1b1a1-M2 (27 people) 33.75%, R1a (6 people) 7.5%, I1 (3 people) 3.75%, A (2 people) 2.5%, E1b1b1 (2 people) 2.5%, Q1a3a1 (1 person) 1.25%, I2 (1 person) 1.25%.\n\nThe results-by-surnames-tested are not shown on the public website for the project.\n\nConclusions \nThere is no proof regarding the parentage of Vardy Collins, considered the patriarch of the Melungeons. Vardy Collins' DNA belonged to the R1a1a (European) haplogroup. His wife, Margaret Gibson, nicknamed \"Spanish Peggy,\" showed positive for maternal haplogroup H. Gibson is thought to be the daughter of Andrew Gibson (R1b1b2 group).\"\n\nThe DNA test shows the regional origin of the original ancestors of direct male or female lines, but not which culture their descendants may have identified with in succeeding years. Neither does it indicate how far back the admixture occurred.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \nMelungeon DNA Project – Y Line Results, Family Tree DNA\nMelungeon DNA Project – mtDNA Line Results, Family Tree DNA\n\nAppalachian society\nEthnic groups in Appalachia\nGenetic genealogy projects", "Melungeons ( ) are an ethnic group of people from the Southeastern United States who descend from European settlers and Sub-Saharan African slaves. Historically, the Melungeons were associated with settlements in the Cumberland Gap area of central Appalachia, which includes portions of East Tennessee, Southwest Virginia, and eastern Kentucky.\n\nTri-racial describes populations who claim to be of mixed European, African and Native American ancestry. Although there is no consensus on how many such groups exist, estimates range as high as 200.\n\nDefinition\nThe ancestry and identity of Melungeons has been a highly controversial subject. Secondary sources disagree as to their ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and geographic origins and identity. They might accurately be described as a loose collection of families of diverse ethnic origins who migrated to frontier areas, settled near each other, and intermarried, mostly in Hancock and Hawkins counties in Tennessee, nearby areas of Kentucky, and in Lee County, Virginia. Their ancestors can usually be traced back to colonial Virginia and the Carolinas. They were largely endogamous through the 19th century, marrying primarily within their community until about 1900.\n\nMelungeons have been defined and documented as having multiracial ancestry. They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype. Most modern-day descendants of Appalachian families traditionally regarded as Melungeon are generally European American in appearance, often (though not always) with dark hair and eyes, and a swarthy or olive complexion. Descriptions of Melungeons have varied widely over time; in the 19th and early 20th century, they were sometimes identified as \"Portuguese\", \"Native American\", or \"light-skinned African American\". During the nineteenth century, free people of color sometimes identified as Portuguese or Native American in order to avoid being classified as black in the segregated slave societies.\n\nOther Melungeon individuals and families are accepted and identify as white, particularly since the mid-20th century. They have tended to \"marry white\" since before the twentieth century.\n\nScholars and commentators do not agree on who should be included under the term Melungeon. Contemporary authors identify differing lists of surnames to be included as families associated with Melungeons. The English surname Gibson and Irish surname Collins appear frequently; genealogist Pat Elder calls them \"core\" surnames. Vardy Collins and Shep Gibson had settled in Hancock County, and they and other Melungeons are documented by land deeds, slave sales, and marriage licenses. \nThe original meaning of the word \"Melungeon\" is obscure (see Etymology below). From about the mid-19th to the late 20th centuries, it referred exclusively to one tri-racial isolate group, the descendants of the multiracial Collins, Gibson, and several other related families at Newman's Ridge, Vardy Valley, and other settlements in and around Hancock and Hawkins counties, Tennessee.\n\nOrigins\n\nAccording to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia incorporated into law in 1662, children born in the colonies were assigned the social status of their mother, regardless of their father's ethnicity or citizenship. This meant the children of enslaved African or African-American women were born into slavery. But it also meant the children of free white or mulatto women, even if fathered by enslaved African men, were born free. The free descendants of such unions formed the majority of ancestors of the free families of color listed in the 1790 and 1810 US censuses. Early colonial Virginia was very much a \"melting pot\" of peoples, and before slavery hardened as a racial caste, white and black working-class people often lived and worked in close quarters and formed relationships and marriages.\n\nSome of these early multiracial families were ancestors of the later Melungeons, yet each family line must be traced separately. Over the generations, most individuals of the group called Melungeon were persons of mixed European and African descent, sometimes also with Native American ancestry, whose ancestors had been free in colonial Virginia.\n\nEdward Price's dissertation on Mixed-Blood Populations of the Eastern United States as to Origins, Localizations, and Persistence (1950) said that children of European and free black unions had also intermarried with persons of alleged Native American ancestry. In 1894, the U.S. Department of the Interior, in its \"Report of Indians Taxed and Not Taxed,\" noted that the Melungeons in Hawkins County \"claim to be Cherokee of mixed blood\". The term Melungeon has since sometimes been applied as a catch-all phrase for a number of groups of individuals with mixed-race ancestry.\n\nIn 1995, Paul Heinegg published Free African American Families in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland and Delaware, and has since published regular updates. He found through his research and documented that the great majority of free people of color in the 1790 and 1810 censuses had ancestors from colonial Virginia, who were the children of unions between free white women and free, indentured or enslaved African or African-American men.\n\nSimilarly, in 2012, the genealogist Roberta Estes and her fellow researchers of the Melungeon DNA Project reported that the Melungeon lines likely originated in the unions of black and white indentured servants living in Virginia in the mid-1600s before slavery became widespread in the United States. They concluded that as laws to prevent the mixing of races were put in place, these family groups intermarried with each other, creating an endogamous group. They migrated together, sometimes along with white neighbors, from western Virginia through the Piedmont frontier of North Carolina, before settling primarily in the mountains of East Tennessee. In addition, the Melungeon DNA Project has documented multiracial ancestry, primarily European and African, for numerous people identified as Melungeon, affirming the evidence from written documentation.\n\nEvidence\nFree people of color are documented as migrating with European-American neighbors in the first half of the 18th century to the frontiers of Virginia and North Carolina, where they received land grants like their neighbors. For instance, the Collins, Gibson, and Ridley (Riddle) families owned land adjacent to one another in Orange County, North Carolina, where they and the Bunch family were listed in 1755 as \"free Molatas (mulattoes)\", subject to taxation on tithes. By settling in frontier areas, free people of color found more amenable living conditions and could escape some of the racial strictures of Virginia and North Carolina Tidewater plantation areas.\n\nHistorian Jack D. Forbes has discussed laws in South Carolina related to racial classification:\nIn 1719, South Carolina decided who should be an \"Indian\" for tax purposes since American [Indian] slaves were taxed at a lesser rate than African slaves. The act stated: \"And for preventing all doubts and scruples that may arise what ought to be rated on mustees, mulattoes, etc. all such slaves as are not entirely Indian shall be accounted as negro. \nForbes said that, at the time, \"mustees\" and \"mulattoes\" were terms for persons of part-Native American ancestry. He wrote,\nMy judgment (to be discussed later) is that a mustee was primarily part-African and American [Indian] and that a mulatto was usually part-European and American [Indian]. The act is also significant because it asserts that part-American [Indians] with or without [emphasis added] African ancestry could be counted as Negroes, thus having an implication for all later slave censuses.This view does not have a consensus.\n\nBeginning about 1767, some of the ancestors of the Melungeons reached the frontier New River area, where they are listed in the 1780s on tax lists of Montgomery County, Virginia. From there they migrated south in the Appalachian Range to Wilkes County, North Carolina, where some are listed as \"white\" on the 1790 census. They resided in a part that became Ashe County, where they are designated as \"other free\" in 1800.\n\nThe Collins and Gibson families (identified as Melungeon ancestors) were recorded in 1813 as members of the Stony Creek Primitive Baptist Church in Scott County, Virginia. They appear to have been treated as social equals of the white members. The earliest documented use of the term \"Melungeon\" is found in the minutes of this church (see Etymology below). While there are historical references to the documents, the evidence has come from transcribed copies.\n\nFrom the Virginia and North Carolina frontiers, the families migrated west into frontier Tennessee and Kentucky. The earliest known Melungeon in what is now northeast Tennessee was Millington Collins, who executed a deed in Hawkins County in 1802. However, there is some evidence that Vardy Collins and Shep Gibson had settled in Hawkins (what is now Hancock County) by 1790. Several Collins and Gibson households were listed in Floyd County, Kentucky in the 1820 census, where they were classified as \"free persons of color\". On the 1830 censuses of Hawkins and neighboring Grainger County, Tennessee, the Collins and Gibson families are listed as \"free-colored\". Melungeons were residents of the part of Hawkins that in 1844 was organized as Hancock County.\n\nBy 1830, the Melungeon community in Hawkins County numbered 330 people in 55 families; in adjoining Grainger County, there were 130 people in 24 families. According to Edward Price, \"Because of them, Hawkins County had more free colored persons in the 1830 census than any other county in Tennessee except Davidson (which includes Nashville) and more free colored families named Collins than any other county in the United States.\" Melungeon families have also been traced in Ashe County in northwestern North Carolina.\n\nContemporary accounts documented that Melungeon ancestors were considered by appearance to be mixed race. During the 18th and early 19th centuries, census enumerators classified them as \"mulatto\", \"other free\", or as \"free persons of color\". Sometimes they were listed as \"white\", sometimes as \"black\" or \"negro\", but almost never as \"Indian\". One family described as \"Indian\" was the Ridley (Riddle) family, noted as such on a 1767 Pittsylvania County, Virginia, tax list. They had been designated as \"mulattoes\" in an earlier record of 1755. Estes et al., in their 2012 summary of the Melungeon Core DNA Testing Program, stated that the Riddle family is the only Melungeon participant with historical records identifying them as having Native American origins, but their DNA is European. Among the participants, only the Sizemore family is documented as having Native American DNA.\n\nThe court record of Jacob Perkins vs. John White (1858) in Johnson County, Tennessee, provides definitions of the time related to race and free people of color. As in Virginia, if a free person was mostly white (one-eighth or less black), he was considered legally white and a citizen of the state:\n\n\"Persons that are known and recognized by the Constitution and laws of Tennessee, as free persons of color are those who by the act of 1794 section 32 are taken and deemed to be capable in law to be certified in any case what is in, except against each other or in the language of the statute \"all Negroes, Indians, Mulattoes, and all persons of mixed blood descended from Negro or Indian ancestors to the third generation inclusive though one ancestor of each generation may have been a white person, white bond or free.\"... That if the great grandfather of Plaintiff was an Indian or Negro and he is descended on the mother's side from a white woman, without any further Negro or Indian blood than such as he derived on the father's side, then the Plaintiff is not of mix blood, or within the third generation inclusive; in other words that if the Plaintiff has not in his veins more than 1/8 of Negro or Indian blood, he is a citizen of this state and it would be slanderous to call him a Negro.\"\n\nDuring the 19th century, due to their intermarriages with white spouses, Melungeon-surnamed families were increasingly classified as white on census records. In 1935, a Nevada newspaper anecdotally described Melungeons as \"mulattoes\" with \"straight hair.\"\n\nAssimilation\nAriela Gross has shown by analysis of court cases, the shift from perceptions of an individual as \"mulatto\" to \"white\" was often dependent upon appearance and, especially, community perception of a person's activities in life: who one associated with and whether the person fulfilled the common obligations of citizens. Census takers were generally people of a community, so they classified people racially as they were known by the community. Definitions of racial categories were often imprecise and ambiguous, especially for \"mulatto\" and \"free person of color\". In the Thirteen Colonies and the United States at times in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, \"mulatto\" could mean a mixture of African and European, African and Native American, European and Native American, or all three. At the same time, these groups intermarried.\n\nPersons were often identified by the company they kept and which ethnic culture they identified with. There were differences between how people identified themselves and how others identified them. Because of slavery, colonial and state laws were biased toward identifying multiracial people of partial African origin as African or 'black,' although persons of mixed African and Native American descent often identified and lived culturally as Native Americans, particularly if their maternal line was Native American. Many Native American tribes were organized into matrilineal kinship systems, in which children were considered born into the mother's clan and took their social status from her people; inheritance and descent was figured through the maternal lines.\n\nBecause of the loose terminology and social attitudes to mixed-race persons, remnant non-reservation American Indians in the Upper South were generally not recorded separately as Indians. They were often gradually reclassified as mulatto or free people of color, especially as generations intermarried with neighbors of African descent. In the early decades of the 20th century, Virginia and some other states passed laws imposing the one-drop rule, requiring all persons to be classified as either white or black: those of any known African ancestry were to be classified as black, regardless of appearance, and how they self-identified or were known in the community.\n\nAfter Virginia passed its Racial Integrity Act of 1924, officials went so far as to alter existing birth and marriage records to reclassify as \"colored\" some mixed-race individuals or families who identified as and had been recorded as \"Indian\". These actions destroyed the documented continuity of identity of several Indian communities. The historical documentation of continuity of self-identified Native American families was lost. If the families happened to be Catholic, their churches continued to record births and marriages as being among \"Indian\" families. But the process of loss of historical and cultural continuity appeared to have happened also with some of the non-reservation remnant Lenape Indians of Delaware.\n\nAccording to the Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture, in his 1950 dissertation, cultural geographer Edward Price proposed that Melungeons were families descended from free people of color (who were of European and African ancestry) and mixed-race unions between persons of African ancestry and Native Americans in colonial Virginia, whose territory included the modern-day states of Kentucky and West Virginia.\n\nAcceptance\nThe families known as \"Melungeons\" in the 19th century were generally well integrated into the communities in which they lived, though they may still have been affected by racism. Records show that on the whole, they enjoyed the same rights as whites. For example, they held property, voted, and served in the Army; some, such as the Gibsons, owned slaves as early as the 18th century.\n\nUnder the first Tennessee constitution of 1796, free people of color (males only) were allowed to vote. Following fears raised by the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion in Virginia, Tennessee and other southern states passed new restrictions on free people of color. By its new constitution of 1834, Tennessee disfranchised free people of color, reducing them to second-class status and excluding them from the political system.\n\nIn this period, several Melungeon men were tried in Hawkins County in 1846 for \"illegal voting\", under suspicion of being black or free men of color (and thereby ineligible for voting). They were acquitted, presumably by demonstrating to the court's satisfaction that they had no appreciable black ancestry. Standards were not as strict as under the later laws of the \"one drop rule\" of the 20th century. As in some other cases, racial status was chiefly determined by people testifying as to how the men were perceived by the community and whether they had \"acted white\" by voting, serving in the militia, or undertaking other common citizens' obligations available to white men.\n\nAfter the American Civil War and following the Reconstruction Era, southern whites struggled to regain political power and re-assert white supremacy over freedmen and traditionally free families such as the Melungeons. The white Democrat-dominated state legislatures passed Jim Crow laws. But issues of race were often brought to court as a result of arguments about money.\n\nFor example, in 1872, a widowed woman's Melungeon ancestry was assessed in a trial in Hamilton County, Tennessee. The case was brought by relatives of her late husband, who challenged her inheritance of money from him after his death. They questioned the legitimacy of a marriage between a white man and a woman known to be Melungeon, and argued the marriage was not legitimate because the woman was of black ancestry. Based on the testimony of people in the community, the court decided the woman in the case was not of African ancestry, or had no such ancestors recently enough to matter.\n\nDuring the period of segregation, a North Carolina statute barred \"Portuguese\" people—presumably Melungeons, as North Carolina does not have a large Portuguese American community—from whites-only schools. However, under this statute the \"Portuguese\" were not classified as Black, and they were not required to attend Black schools.\n\nModern anthropological and sociological studies of Melungeon descendants in Appalachia have demonstrated that they have become culturally indistinguishable from their \"non-Melungeon,\" white neighbors: they share a Baptist religious affiliation and other community features. With changing attitudes and a desire for more work opportunities, numerous descendants of the early Melungeon pioneer families have migrated from Appalachia to make their lives in other parts of the United States.\n\nLegends\nIn spite of being culturally and linguistically similar to their European neighbors, these multi-racial families were of a sufficiently different physical appearance to provoke speculation as to their identity and origins. In the first half of the 19th century, the pejorative term \"Melungeon\" began to be applied to these families by local white (European-American) neighbors. Local \"knowledge\" or myths soon began to arise about them. According to historian Pat Elder, the earliest of these was that they were \"Indian\" (more specifically, \"Cherokee\"). Jack Goins, an identified Melungeon descendant and researcher, states that the Melungeons claimed to be both Indian and Portuguese. An example was \"Spanish Peggy\" Gibson, wife of Vardy Collins.\n\nA few ancestors may have been of mixed Iberian (Spanish and/or Portuguese) and African origin. Historian Ira Berlin has noted that some early slaves and free blacks of the charter generation in the colonies were \"Atlantic Creoles\", mixed-race descendants of Iberian workers and African women from slave ports in Africa. Their male descendants grew up bilingual and accompanied Europeans as workers or slaves. The majority of Melungeon early ancestors, who had migrated from Virginia over time, are of northern European and African ancestry, given the history of settlement in late 17th–early-18th century eastern Virginia. Later generations in Tennessee intermarried with descendants of Scotch-Irish immigrants who arrived in the mid- to late-18th century and settled in the backcountry before the American Revolution.\n\nGiven historical evidence of Native American settlement patterns, Cherokee Nation descent is highly unlikely for the original Melungeon ancestral families. These families were formed during the colonial era in the Virginia Tidewater areas, which were not Cherokee territory. Some of their descendants may have later intermarried with isolated individuals of Cherokee or other Native American ancestry in East Tennessee. Melungeons in Graysville, Tennessee claimed Cherokee ancestors.\n\nAnthropologist E. Raymond Evans wrote (1979) regarding these claims:\nIn Graysville, the Melungeons strongly deny their Black heritage and explain their genetic differences by claiming to have had Cherokee grandmothers. Many of the local whites also claim Cherokee ancestry and appear to accept the Melungeon claim ...\n\nIn 1999 historian C. S. Everett hypothesized that John Collins (recorded as a Sapony Indian who was expelled from Orange County, Virginia about January 1743), might be the same man as the Melungeon ancestor John Collins, classified as a \"mulatto\" in 1755 North Carolina records. But Everett has revised that theory after having discovered evidence that these were two different men named John Collins. Only descendants of the latter man, identified as mulatto in the 1755 record in North Carolina, has any proven connection to the Melungeon families of eastern Tennessee.\n\nOther peoples frequently suggested as Melungeon ancestors are the Black Dutch and the Powhatan Indian group. The Powhatan were an Algonquian-speaking tribe who inhabited eastern Virginia during the initial period of European colonization.\n\nSpeculation about Melungeon origins continued during the 19th and 20th centuries. Writers recounted folk tales of shipwrecked sailors, lost colonists, hoards of silver, and ancient peoples such as the Carthaginians or Phoenicians. With each writer, new elements were added to the mythology surrounding this group, and more surnames were added to the list of possible Melungeon ancestors. Journalist Will Allen Dromgoole wrote several articles on the Melungeons in the 1890s.\n\nIn the late 20th century, amateur researchers suggested that the Melungeons' ethnic identity may include ancestors who were Turks and Sephardi (Iberian) Jews. The writers David Beers Quinn and Ivor Noel Hume theorize that the Melungeons were descended from Sephardi Jews who fled the Inquisition and came as sailors to North America. They also say that Francis Drake did not repatriate all the Turks he saved from the sack of Cartagena, but some came to the colonies. But Janet Crain notes that there is no written documentation to support this theory.\n\nThe paper on the Melungeon DNA Project, published by Paul Heinegg, Jack Goins, and Roberta Estes in the Journal of Genetic Genealogy, shows that ancestry of the sample is primarily European and African, with only one person having a Native American paternal haplotype. There is no genetic evidence to support the Turkish or Jewish ancestry theories.\n\nEtymology\nThere are many hypotheses about the etymology of the term Melungeon. Linguists and many researchers believe that it may have been derived from the French mélange, meaning mixture, or perhaps [nous] mélangeons meaning \"[we] mix/mingle\". This etymology is also found in several dictionaries. There were numerous French Huguenot immigrants in Virginia from 1700, and their language could have contributed a term.\n\nJoanne Pezzullo and Karlton Douglas speculate that a more likely derivation of Melungeon, related to the dominance of the English language in the colonies, may have been from the now obsolete English word malengin (also spelled mal engin) meaning \"guile\", \"deceit\", or \"ill intent.\" It was used by Edmund Spenser as the name of a trickster figure in his epic poem, The Faerie Queene (1590–1596), popular in Elizabethan England. The phrase, \"harbored them Melungins,\" would be equivalent to \"harbored someone of ill will\", or could mean \"harbored evil people\", without reference to any ethnicity.\n\nA different explanation traces the word to malungu (or malungo), a Luso-African word from Angola, meaning shipmate, derived from the Kimbundu word ma'luno, meaning \"companion\" or \"friend\". The word, spelled as Melungo and Mulungo, has been found in numerous Portuguese records. It is said to be a derogatory word that Africans used for people of Portuguese or other white ancestry. If so, the word was likely brought to America through people of African ancestry.\n\nKennedy (1994) speculates that the word derives from the Turkish melun can (from Arabic mal`un jinn ملعون جنّ), which purportedly means \"damned soul.\" He suggests that, at the time, the (condemned soul) was a term used by Turks for Muslims who had been captured and enslaved aboard Spanish galleons.\n\nSome writers try to connect the term Melungeon to an ethnic origin of people designated by that term, but there is no basis for this assumption. It appears the name arose as an exonym, something which neighboring people, of whatever origin, called the multi-racial people.\n\nOn October 7, 1840, the polemical Brownlow's Whig of Jonesborough, Tennessee, published an article entitled \"Negro Speaking!\" The publisher referred to a rival Democratic politician with a party in Sullivan County as \"an impudent Malungeon from Washington City a scoundrel who is half Negro and half Indian,\" then as a \"free negroe\". In this and related articles, he does not identify the Democrat by name.\n\nModern identity\nThe term Melungeon was historically considered an insult, a label applied to Appalachians who were by appearance or reputation of mixed-race ancestry. In southwest Virginia, the term Ramp was similarly applied to people of mixed race. This term has never shed its pejorative character.\n\nIn December 1943, Virginia State Registrar of Vital Statistics, Walter Ashby Plecker, sent county officials a letter warning against \"colored\" families trying to pass as \"white\" or \"Indian\" in violation of the Racial Integrity Act of 1924. He identified specific surnames by county, including: \"Lee, Smyth and Wise: Collins, Gibson, (Gipson), Moore, Goins, Ramsey, Delph, Bunch, Freeman, Mise, Barlow, Bolden (Bolin), Mullins, Hawkins (chiefly Tennessee Melungeons)\". (Lee County, Virginia borders Hancock County, Tennessee.) He directed the offices to reclassify members of certain families as black, causing the loss for numerous families of documentation in records that showed their continued identification as Native American.\n\nDifferent researchers have developed their own lists of the surnames of core Melungeon families. Generally, specific lines within families have to be traced to document such identity. For example, DeMarce (1992) listed Hale as a Melungeon surname.\n\nBy the mid-to-late 19th century, the term Melungeon appeared to have been used most frequently to refer to the biracial families of Hancock County and neighboring areas. Several other uses of the term in the print media, from mid-19th to early 20th century, have been collected at the Melungeon Heritage Association Website. The spelling of the term varied widely, as was common for words and names at the time. Eventually, the form \"Melungeon\" became standard.\n\nSince the late 1960s, \"Melungeon\" has been increasingly adopted by individuals who identify with the ethnic group. This shift in meaning may have resulted from the popularity of Walk Toward the Sunset, a drama written by playwright Kermit Hunter and produced outdoors. The play was first presented in 1969 in Sneedville, the county seat of Hancock County. Making no claim to historical accuracy, Hunter portrayed the Melungeons as indigenous people of uncertain race who were mistakenly perceived as black by neighboring white settlers. As the drama portrayed Melungeons in a positive, romantic light, many individuals began for the first time to self-identify by that term. Hunter intended for his drama \"to improve the socio-economic climate\" of Hancock County, and to \"lift the Melungeon name 'from shame to the hall of fame'.\" The play helped revive interest in the history of Melungeons. The civil rights movement and social changes of the 1960s further contributed to wider acceptance of members of the group. Research in social history and genealogy has documented new facts about people identified as Melungeons.\n\nSince the mid-1990s, popular interest in the Melungeons has grown tremendously, although many descendants have left the region of historical concentration. Writer Bill Bryson devoted the better part of a chapter to them in his The Lost Continent (1989).\n\nN. Brent Kennedy, a non-specialist, wrote a book on his claimed Melungeon roots, The Melungeons: The Resurrection of a Proud People (1994). With the advent of the internet, many people are researching family history and the number of people self-identifying as having Melungeon ancestry has increased rapidly, according to Kennedy. Some individuals have begun to self-identify as Melungeons after reading about the group on a website and discovering their surname on the expanding list of \"Melungeon-associated\" surnames. Others believe they have certain \"characteristic\" physical traits or conditions or assume that a multi-racial heritage means they are Melungeon.\n\nFor example, some Melungeons are allegedly identifiable by shovel-shaped incisors, a dental feature more commonly found among, but not restricted to, Native Americans and Northeast Asians. After an unsubstantiated hypothesis, popularized by N. Brent Kennedy, that Melungeons are of Turkish origin, some people have identified as having an enlarged external occipital protuberance, dubbed an \"Anatolian bump\".\n\nAcademic historians have not found any evidence for this thesis, nor is it supported by results from the Melungeon DNA Project. As noted before, this analysis shows that Melungeon descendants overwhelmingly have northern European and African DNA ancestry.\n\nInternet sites promote the anecdotal claim that Melungeons are more prone to certain diseases, such as sarcoidosis or familial Mediterranean fever. Academic medical centers have noted that neither of these diseases is confined to a single population.\n\nKennedy's claims of ancestral connections to this group have been strongly disputed. The professional genealogist and historian, Virginia E. DeMarce, reviewed his 1994 book and found that Kennedy's documentation of his Melungeon ancestry was seriously flawed. He had a very indistinct definition of Melungeons, although the group had already been extensively studied and documented by other researchers. She criticized Kennedy for trying to include people who might have had other than northern European ancestry, and said that he did not properly take account of existing historical records or recognized genealogical practice in his research. He claimed to have ancestors who were persecuted for racial reasons. However, she found that his named ancestors were all classified as white in records, held various political offices (which showed they could vote and were supported by their community), and were landowners. Kennedy responded to her critique in an article of his own.<ref>[http://underonesky.org/SEKMIE_PDF/SEKMIE3A.pdf \"Dr. Brent Kennedy Responds to Virginia DeMarce\", Southeastern Kentucky Melungeon Information Exchange]</ref>\n\nThe Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians in Kentucky, which is neither federally recognized or state recognized as an Indian tribe, claims that most families in its area who are commonly identified as Melungeon are of partial Native American descent. The organization says their ancestors migrated to the region in the late 18th and early to mid-19th centuries. Most of these families claimed the Ridgetop Shawnee heritage to explain their dark skin and Indian features and to avoid racial persecution. In 2010 the Kentucky General Assembly passed resolutions that acknowledged the civic contributions of the Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians to the state.\n\nSimilar groups\nThe following are other multi-racial groups that at one time were classified as tri-racial isolates. Some identify as Native American and have received state recognition, as have six tribes in Virginia.\n\nDelaware\n Nanticoke-Moors (and in Maryland) Nanticoke groups in Delaware and New Jersey (where they are intermarried with Lenape) have received state recognition. Most had left the area in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.\nFlorida\n Dominickers of Holmes County in the Florida Panhandle\nIndiana\n Ben-Ishmael Tribe, pejoratively called \"Grasshopper Gypsies\"\nLouisiana\n Redbones (and in Texas)\nMaryland\n Piscataway Indian Nation, formerly also known as We-Sorts, one of three Piscataway-related groups recognized as Native American tribes by the state\nNew Jersey and New York\n Ramapough Mountain Indians (aka \"Jackson Whites\") of the Ramapo Mountains, recognized by both New Jersey and New York as Native Americans \nNorth Carolina\n Coree or \"Faircloth\" Indians of Carteret County\n Haliwa-Saponi, recognized by the state as Native American\n Lumbee, recognized by the state as Native American\n Person County Indians, aka \"Cubans and Portuguese\"\nOhio\n Carmel Indians of Highland County\nSouth Carolina\n Red Bones (NB: distinct from the Gulf States Redbones)\n Turks\n Brass Ankles\nVirginia\n Monacan Indians (a.k.a. \"Issues\") of Amherst and Rockbridge counties, recognized by state of Virginia and the federal government (2018) as a Native American tribe, along with five other Virginia tribes\nWest Virginia\n Chestnut Ridge people of Barbour County (also known as Mayles or, pejoratively, \"Guineas\")\n\nEach of these groupings of multiracial populations has a particular history. There is evidence for connections between some of them, going back to common ancestry in colonial Virginia. For example, the Goins surname group in eastern Tennessee has long been identified as Melungeon. The surname Goins is also found among the Lumbee of southern North Carolina, a multi-racial group that has been recognized by the state as a Native American tribe. In most cases, the multi-racial families have to be traced through specific branches and lines, as not all descendants were considered to be Melungeon or other groups.\n\nSee also\n Melungeon DNA Project\n List of topics related to the African diaspora\n Vardy Community School\n Mulatto\n Pardo\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n\n Ball, Bonnie (1992). The Melungeons: Notes on the Origin of a Race' '. Johnson City, Tennessee: Overmountain Press.\n Berry, Brewton (1963). Almost White: A Study of Certain Racial Hybrids in the Eastern United States. New York: Macmillan Press.\n Bible, Jean Patterson (1975). Melungeons Yesterday and Today. Signal Mountain, Tennessee: Mountain Press.\n Brake, Katherine Vande. How They Shine: How They Shine: Melungeon Characters in Fiction of Appalachia. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press.\n Brake, Katherine Vande. Through the Back Door: Melungeon Literacies and Twenty-First Century Technologies. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press.\n Cavender, Anthony P. \"The Melungeons of Upper East Tennessee: Persisting Social Identity,\" Tennessee Anthropologist 6 (1981): 27-36\n DeMarce, Virginia E. (1993). \"Looking at Legends – Lumbee and Melungeon: Applied Genealogy and the Origins of Tri-Racial Isolate Settlements.\" National Genealogical Society Quarterly 81 (March 1993): 24–45, scanned online, Historical-Melungeons\n Forbes, Jack D. (1993). Africans and Native Americans: The Language of Race and the Evolution of Red-Black Peoples. University of Illinois Press.\n Goins, Jack H. (2000). Melungeons: And Other Pioneer Families, Blountville, Tennessee: Continuity Press.\n Hashaw, Tim. Children of Perdition: Melungeons and the Struggle of Mixed America. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press.\n Heinegg, Paul (2005). FREE AFRICAN AMERICANS OF VIRGINIA, NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA, MARYLAND AND DELAWARE Including the family histories of more than 80% of those counted as \"all other free persons\" in the 1790 and 1800 census, Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing, 1999–2005. Available in its entirety online.\n Hirschman, Elizabeth. Melungeons: The Last Lost Tribe in America. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press.\n Johnson, Mattie Ruth (1997). My Melungeon Heritage: A Story of Life on Newman's Ridge. Johnson City, Tennessee: Overmountain Press.\n Kennedy, N. Brent (1997) The Melungeons: the resurrection of a proud people. Mercer University Press.\n Kessler, John S. and Donald Ball. North From the Mountains: A Folk History of the Carmel Melungeon Settlement, Highland County, Ohio. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press.\n Langdon, Barbara Tracy (1998). The Melungeons: An Annotated Bibliography: References in both Fiction and Nonfiction, Hemphill, Texas: Dogwood Press.\n McGowan, Kathleen (2003). \"Where do we really come from?\", DISCOVER 24 (5, May 2003)\n Offutt, Chris. (1999) \"Melungeons\", in Out of the Woods, Simon & Schuster.\n Overbay, DruAnna Williams. Windows on the Past: The Cultural Heritage of Vardy, Hancock County, Tennessee. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press.\n Podber, Jacob. The Electronic Front Porch: An Oral History of the Arrival of Modern Media in Rural Appalachia and the Melungeon Community. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press.\n Price, Henry R. (1966). \"Melungeons: The Vanishing Colony of Newman's Ridge.\" Conference paper. American Studies Association of Kentucky and Tennessee. March 25–26, 1966.\n Reed, John Shelton (1997). \"Mixing in the Mountains\", Southern Cultures 3 (Winter 1997): 25–36.\n Scolnick, Joseph M Jr. and N. Brent Kennedy. (2004). From Anatolia to Appalachia: A Turkish American Dialogue. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press.\n Vande Brake, Katherine (2001). How They Shine: Melungeon Characters in the Fiction of Appalachia, Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press.\n Williamson, Joel (1980). New People: Miscegenation and Mulattoes in the United States, New York: Free Press.\n Winkler, Wayne. 2019. Beyond the sunset: The Melungeon drama, 1969-1976. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press. \n Winkler, Wayne (2004). \"Walking Toward the Sunset: The Melungeons of Appalachia\", Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press.\n Winkler, Wayne (1997). \" The Melungeons\", All Things Considered. National Public Radio. 21 September 1997.\n\nExternal links\n Paul Brodwin, \"\"Bioethics in action\" and human population genetics researMacon, GA: Mercer University Press.ch\", Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, Volume 29, Number 2 (2005), 145-178, DOI: 10.1007/s11013-005-7423-2 PDF, addresses issue of 2002 Melungeon DNA study by Kevin Jones, which is unpublished\n Melungeon Heritage Association, Official Website\n \"The Graysville Melungeons\", Tennessee Anthropologist, November 1979, hosted at Rootsweb\n Paul Heinegg, Free African Americans of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland and Delaware, 1999–2005\n \"Melungeons\", Digital Library of Appalachia. Contains numerous photographs and documents related to Melungeons, mostly from 1900 to 1950.\nA Mystery People – The Melungeons From Louis Gates Jr's \"Finding your Roots.\"\n\"kindness our heroine shows Melungeon outcast Pearl (Erika Coleman)\" from AC-T review of Big-Stone-Gap film. Accessed 6/8/2016\n\nMultiracial ethnic groups in the United States\nAfrican-American history\nAppalachian society\nEthnic groups in Appalachia\nEthnic groups in the United States\nHistory of North Carolina\nHistory of Tennessee\nHistory of Virginia\nScotch-Irish American history\nMultiracial affairs in the United States" ]

[ "Elliott Smith", "1991-96: Heatmiser" ]

[ "Air Commodore Charles Henry Elliott-Smith AFC (1889–1994) was a senior officer in the Royal Air Force who served in World War I and World War II. He was awarded the Air Force Cross in 1919, and was made a Commander of the Order of George I, by the King of Greece, in 1944.\n\nLife\nCharles Henry Elliott-Smith was born on 6 October 1889 and educated at Bedford Modern School.\n\nElliott-Smith joined the British Army as a Second Lieutenant in the Bedfordshire Regiment in 1915. He enrolled early in the Royal Flying Corps, where he was made Captain in 1916, Major in 1918, and was awarded the Air Force Cross in 1919. Elliott-Smith was made Group Captain in 1935 and later Air Commodore. \n\nElliott-Smith was made a Commander of the Order of George I by the King of Greece in 1944. He died on 14 January 1994 as one of the oldest surviving former members of the Royal Air Force.\n\nReferences\n\n1889 births\n1994 deaths\nRecipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)\nPeople educated at Bedford Modern School", "Elliott Smith (1969–2003) was an American singer-songwriter and musician.\n\nElliott Smith, Elliott-Smith or Elliot Smith may also refer to:\n\nElliott Smith (album), a 1995 album by Elliott Smith\nElliott Smith (book), a 2007 biography about Elliott Smith\nElliott F. Smith (1931–1987), American politician in the New Jersey General Assembly\nBruce Elliott-Smith, British songwriter and producer\nCharles Henry Elliott-Smith (1889–1994), British air commodore\nGrafton Elliot Smith (1871–1937), Australian-British archaeologist and anatomist\nElliot Smith (American football) (born 1967), defensive back\nElliot Smith House, a historic house in Worcester, Massachusetts" ]

[ "Elliott Smith", "1991-96: Heatmiser", "Who was Elliott Smith", "While at Hampshire, Smith formed the band Heatmiser with classmate Neil Gust." ]

[ "We Created the World is the debut studio album by Finnish alternative rock band Softengine. It was released in Finland on 3 October 2014, through Sony Music Entertainment. The album has peaked to number 7 on the Finnish Albums Chart. The album includes the singles \"Something Better\", \"Yellow House\", \"The Sirens\" and \"What If I?\".\n\nSingles\n\"Something Better\" was released as the lead single from the album on 21 March 2014. The song was selected to represent Finland at the Eurovision Song Contest 2014 at the B&W Hallerne in Copenhagen, Denmark. The song qualified from the second semi-final to compete in the final. Finland placed 11th in the final, scoring 72 points. This was Finland's best placing in the contest since Lordi's victory in the Eurovision Song Contest 2006. \"Yellow House\" was released as the second single from the album on 13 June 2014. \"The Sirens\" was released as the third single from the album on 3 October 2014. \"What If I?\" was released as the fourth single from the album on 17 December 2014.\n\nTrack listing\n\nChart performance\n\nRelease history\n\nReferences\n\n2014 debut albums", "Together is the second album by Norwegian pop duo Marcus & Martinus. It is their first full-length studio album in English. The album was released by Sony Music Entertainment on 4 November 2016 and debuted at number 1 on both the Norwegian VG-lista official albums chart and the Swedish Sverigetopplistan albums chart.\n\nSingles\n\"Girls\" was released as the lead single from the album on 20 May 2016. The song has peaked at number 1 on the Norwegian Singles Chart and number 40 on the Swedish Singles Chart. \"Heartbeat\" was released as the second single from the album on 24 May 2016. The song has peaked at number 21 on the Norwegian Singles Chart and number 61 on the Swedish Singles Chart. \"I Don't Wanna Fall In Love\" was released as the third single from the album on 27 May 2016. The song has peaked at number 37 on the Norwegian Singles Chart. \"Light It Up\" was released as the fourth single from the album on 29 July 2016. The song has peaked at number 9 on the Norwegian Singles Chart and number 23 on the Swedish Singles Chart. \"One More Second\" was released as the fifth single from the album on 20 October 2016. The song has peaked at number 30 on the Norwegian Singles Chart and number 57 on the Swedish Singles Chart. \"Go Where You Go\" was released as the sixth single from the album on 28 October 2016. \"Without You\" was released as the seventh single from the album on 2 November 2016. \"Bae\" was released as the eighth single from the album on 4 March 2017. The song did not enter the Swedish Singles Chart, but peaked to number 1 on the Sweden Heatseeker Songs.\n\nTrack listing\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nRelease history\n\nReferences\n\n2016 albums" ]

[ "Elliott Smith", "1991-96: Heatmiser", "Who was Elliott Smith", "While at Hampshire, Smith formed the band Heatmiser with classmate Neil Gust.", "What was the number one song from that album", "I don't know." ]

[ "Jackson Rogow (born October 5, 1991) is an American actor. He is best known for starring in the Cartoon Network live action series Dude, What Would Happen?\n\nCareer\nRogow was on Dude, What Would Happen on Cartoon Network until it was cancelled in 2011. Rogow was also on the Lego Top Secret Project after The Yoda Chronicles on Cartoon Network.\n\nPersonal life\nRogow resides in Bel Air, Los Angeles, California.\n\nFilmography\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\nLiving people\n1991 births\nPeople from Kissimmee, Florida\nPeople from Bel Air, Los Angeles\nLos Angeles County High School for the Arts alumni\nAmerican male television actors", "James P. Flynn (born February 5, 1934) is an American teamster and film actor. He was a reputed member of the famous Winter Hill Gang. He has been in films including Good Will Hunting, The Cider House Rules and What's the Worst That Could Happen?.\n\nBiography\nJames P. Flynn was born in Somerville, Massachusetts.\n\nIn 1982, Flynn was wrongly identified as a shooter in the murder of Winter Hill Gang mob associate Brian \"Balloonhead\" Halloran and attempted murder of Michael Donahue. He was tried and acquitted for the murder in 1986 after being framed by John Connolly and James J. Bulger.\n\nFlynn was a part of Boston's International Brotherhood of Teamsters Local 25 labor union where he later ran the organization's movie production crew. He has also been the Teamster Union's transportation coordinator and transportation captain in the transportation department on numerous films, including The Departed, Fever Pitch and Jumanji.\n\nFlynn appeared in many films shot in the New England area. In show business he goes by the name 'James P. Flynn'. Flynn was cast as a judge in the Boston-based film Good Will Hunting in 1997. Later, he acted in the 1999 film The Cider House Rules and What's the Worst That Could Happen? in 2001. He was also a truck driver for movie production equipment during the filming of My Best Friend's Girl in 2008. Boston actor Tom Kemp remarked: \"[The film The Departed] wouldn't be a Boston movie without me, a Wahlberg, and Jimmy Flynn from the teamsters.\"\n\nFilmography\nGood Will Hunting (1997) as Judge George H. Malone\nThe Cider House Rules (1999) as Vernon\nWhat's the Worst That Could Happen? (2001) as the Fire Captain\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\n1934 births\nLiving people\nMale actors from Boston\nWinter Hill Gang" ]

[ "Elliott Smith", "1991-96: Heatmiser", "Who was Elliott Smith", "While at Hampshire, Smith formed the band Heatmiser with classmate Neil Gust.", "What was the number one song from that album", "I don't know.", "What happen in 1991", "Smith graduated from Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts in 1991 with a degree in philosophy and political science." ]

[ "\"Worst That Could Happen\" is a song with lyrics and music written by singer-songwriter Jimmy Webb. Originally recorded by the 5th Dimension on their 1967 album of nearly all-Jimmy Webb songs, The Magic Garden, \"Worst That Could Happen\" was later recorded by The Brooklyn Bridge and reached the Billboard Hot 100's top 40, at #38 on January 4, 1969, peaking at #3 on February 1-8, 1969.\n\nThe song tells about a man wishing well to a woman with whom he is still in love, but because the man was unwilling to settle down, she left him and is about to marry someone else who is more stable; the singer accepts the marriage but still feels that it is \"the worst (thing) that could happen to (him)\". It has been stated that, along with \"MacArthur Park\" and \"By the Time I Get to Phoenix\", \"Worst That Could Happen\" is about a relationship that Webb had had with a woman named Susan.\n\nThe song is noted for the quoting of Mendelssohn's \"Wedding March\" from the incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream, which is heard at the end.\n\nAccording to BMI (Broadcast Music Inc.) the legal title of the song is \"Worst That Could Happen.\"\n\nThe Brooklyn Bridge version appeared on the list of songs deemed inappropriate by Clear Channel following the September 11, 2001, attacks.\n\nChart history\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nOther cover versions\n B.J. Thomas on his 1969 LP, Young And In Love.\n The Lettermen in 1969 on their I Have Dreamed album.\n Hajji Alejandro recorded a Tagalog version titled “Panakip-Butas” in 1977 in his Hajji album. It was released as a single and was a big hit in the Philippines.\n Jimmy Webb on his 1996 album Ten Easy Pieces.\n\nSee also\n List of 1960s one-hit wonders in the United States\n\nReferences\n\n1967 songs\n1968 debut singles\nThe 5th Dimension songs\nJohnny Maestro songs\nSongs written by Jimmy Webb\nBuddah Records singles\nSongs about marriage", "The discography of Ira Losco, a Maltese singer, contains five studio albums and forty-three singles. She represented Malta at the Eurovision Song Contest 2002 in Tallinn, Estonia with the song \"7th Wonder\", the song went on to finish second in the Final which was won by Marie N from Latvia with the song \"I Wanna\". She represented her country for the second time at Eurovision Song Contest 2016 in Stockholm, Sweden with the song \"Walk on Water\" and finished 11th (Ties with The Netherlands) in the grand final.\n\nHer debut studio album, Someone Else, was released in April 2004. The album includes the singles \"Love Me Or Hate Me\", \"Who I Am\", \"Someone Else\", \"Say Hey\", \"I'm In Love Again\" and \"Must've Been Good\". Her first Remix album, Blends & Remixes of Someone Else, was released in January 2005. Her second studio album, Accident Prone, was released in November 2005. The album includes the singles \"Everyday\", \"Get Out\", \"Don't Wanna Talk About It\", \"Driving One Of Your Cars\", \"Accident Prone\", \"Uh-Oh\" and \"Waking Up To The Light\". Her third studio album, Unmasked, was released in December 2006. The album includes the singles \"Winter Day\" and \"Arms Of The Ones...\". Her fourth studio album, Fortune Teller, was released in June 2008. The album includes the singles \"Something To Talk About\", \"Don't Look Down\", \"Idle Motion\", \"Promises\", \"Elvis Can You Hear Me?\", \"Shoulders of Giants\", \"What's The Matter With You?\" and \"Fortune Teller\". Her second Remix album, Mixed Beats, was released in August 2009. The album includes the singles \"What's The Matter With Your Cabrio\", \"Shoulders of Giants\" and \"Love Song\". Her fifth studio album, The Fire, was released in March 2013. The album includes the singles \"What I'd Give\", \"The Person I Am\", \"Me Luv U Long Time\" and \"The Way It's Meant To Be\".\n\nAlbums\n\nStudio albums\n\nRemix albums\n\nCompilation albums\n\nSingles\n\nAs lead artist\n\nOther appearances\n\nCovers & Re-Makes\n Ira re-made the track \"Say Hey\" featuring aspiring singer Caroline Stapley in 2004. The track was just a radio hit and is not featured in any album or single.\n Michelle Hunziker covered the tracks \"Get Out\", \"Love Me Or Hate Me\" and \"Someone Else\" for her debut album \"Lole\" in 2006.\n \"Accident Prone\" was remixed by DJ Ruby, Thomas Penton & Alex Armes, but wasn't featured in any album.\n Riffs from \"Uh Oh\" were sampled on Kelly Clarkson's track \"Don't Waste Your Time\".\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Official Website\n\nDiscographies of Maltese artists\nPop music discographies" ]

[ "Elliott Smith", "1991-96: Heatmiser", "Who was Elliott Smith", "While at Hampshire, Smith formed the band Heatmiser with classmate Neil Gust.", "What was the number one song from that album", "I don't know.", "What happen in 1991", "Smith graduated from Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts in 1991 with a degree in philosophy and political science.", "What else happen with the album", "The group released the albums Dead Air (1993) and Cop and Speeder (1994) as well as the Yellow No. 5 EP (1994) on Frontier Records." ]

[ "\"San Bernadino\" is a 1970 song by English band Christie. The song did not match the success of their previous single \"Yellow River\", but was still a top-ten hit in several countries and topped the charts in Switzerland. In the US, the song only managed to peak at number 100 on 30 January 1971. After the song became a hit, the band members admitted that they had never visited the city of San Bernardino, California.\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n1970 singles\nChristie (band) songs\n1970 songs\nNumber-one singles in Switzerland", "\"One Hell of a Woman\" is a 1974 song (see 1974 in music) by the American singer-songwriter Mac Davis. The song was written by Davis and Mark James. \n\nReleased as a single from his album Stop and Smell the Roses, the song became Davis' second Top 20 hit on the U.S. pop chart, where it peaked at No. 11 in the fall of 1974. The song remained in the Top 40 for ten weeks. It spent a total of 28 weeks on the national charts, 10 weeks longer than did his number-one hit, \"Baby, Don't Get Hooked on Me.\" Unusually for Davis, the song did not chart on the American country charts.\n\nChart performance\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1974 singles\nMac Davis songs\nSongs written by Mac Davis\nSongs written by Mark James (songwriter)\n1974 songs\nColumbia Records singles" ]

[ "Elliott Smith", "1991-96: Heatmiser", "Who was Elliott Smith", "While at Hampshire, Smith formed the band Heatmiser with classmate Neil Gust.", "What was the number one song from that album", "I don't know.", "What happen in 1991", "Smith graduated from Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts in 1991 with a degree in philosophy and political science.", "What else happen with the album", "The group released the albums Dead Air (1993) and Cop and Speeder (1994) as well as the Yellow No. 5 EP (1994) on Frontier Records.", "Did they hit the charts", "I don't know." ]

[ "Jackson Rogow (born October 5, 1991) is an American actor. He is best known for starring in the Cartoon Network live action series Dude, What Would Happen?\n\nCareer\nRogow was on Dude, What Would Happen on Cartoon Network until it was cancelled in 2011. Rogow was also on the Lego Top Secret Project after The Yoda Chronicles on Cartoon Network.\n\nPersonal life\nRogow resides in Bel Air, Los Angeles, California.\n\nFilmography\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\nLiving people\n1991 births\nPeople from Kissimmee, Florida\nPeople from Bel Air, Los Angeles\nLos Angeles County High School for the Arts alumni\nAmerican male television actors", "James P. Flynn (born February 5, 1934) is an American teamster and film actor. He was a reputed member of the famous Winter Hill Gang. He has been in films including Good Will Hunting, The Cider House Rules and What's the Worst That Could Happen?.\n\nBiography\nJames P. Flynn was born in Somerville, Massachusetts.\n\nIn 1982, Flynn was wrongly identified as a shooter in the murder of Winter Hill Gang mob associate Brian \"Balloonhead\" Halloran and attempted murder of Michael Donahue. He was tried and acquitted for the murder in 1986 after being framed by John Connolly and James J. Bulger.\n\nFlynn was a part of Boston's International Brotherhood of Teamsters Local 25 labor union where he later ran the organization's movie production crew. He has also been the Teamster Union's transportation coordinator and transportation captain in the transportation department on numerous films, including The Departed, Fever Pitch and Jumanji.\n\nFlynn appeared in many films shot in the New England area. In show business he goes by the name 'James P. Flynn'. Flynn was cast as a judge in the Boston-based film Good Will Hunting in 1997. Later, he acted in the 1999 film The Cider House Rules and What's the Worst That Could Happen? in 2001. He was also a truck driver for movie production equipment during the filming of My Best Friend's Girl in 2008. Boston actor Tom Kemp remarked: \"[The film The Departed] wouldn't be a Boston movie without me, a Wahlberg, and Jimmy Flynn from the teamsters.\"\n\nFilmography\nGood Will Hunting (1997) as Judge George H. Malone\nThe Cider House Rules (1999) as Vernon\nWhat's the Worst That Could Happen? (2001) as the Fire Captain\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\n1934 births\nLiving people\nMale actors from Boston\nWinter Hill Gang" ]

[ "Elliott Smith", "1991-96: Heatmiser", "Who was Elliott Smith", "While at Hampshire, Smith formed the band Heatmiser with classmate Neil Gust.", "What was the number one song from that album", "I don't know.", "What happen in 1991", "Smith graduated from Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts in 1991 with a degree in philosophy and political science.", "What else happen with the album", "The group released the albums Dead Air (1993) and Cop and Speeder (1994) as well as the Yellow No. 5 EP (1994) on Frontier Records.", "Did they hit the charts", "I don't know.", "What happen in 1996", "They were then signed to Virgin Records to release what became their final album, Mic City Sons (1996)." ]

[ "Le Cousin is a 1997 French film directed by Alain Corneau.\n\nPlot \nThe film deals with the relationship of the police and an informant in the drug scene.\n\nAwards and nominations\nLe Cousin was nominated for 5 César Awards but did not win in any category.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1997 films\n1997 crime films\nFilms about drugs\nFilms directed by Alain Corneau\nFrench crime films\nFrench films\nFrench-language films", "The African National Congress was a political party in Trinidad and Tobago. The party first contested national elections in 1961, when it received just 0.5% of the vote and failed to win a seat. They did not put forward any candidates for the 1966 elections, but returned for the 1971 elections, in which they received 2.4% of the vote, but again failed to win a seat as the People's National Movement won all 36. The party did not contest any further elections.\n\nReferences\n\nDefunct political parties in Trinidad and Tobago" ]

[ "Cyndi Lauper", "1953-1979: Early life" ]

[ "This is a list of notable books by young authors and of books written by notable writers in their early years. These books were written, or substantially completed, before the author's twentieth birthday. \n\nAlexandra Adornetto (born 18 April 1994) wrote her debut novel, The Shadow Thief, when she was 13. It was published in 2007. Other books written by her as a teenager are: The Lampo Circus (2008), Von Gobstopper's Arcade (2009), Halo (2010) and Hades (2011).\nMargery Allingham (1904–1966) had her first novel, Blackkerchief Dick, about smugglers in 17th century Essex, published in 1923, when she was 19.\nJorge Amado (1912–2001) had his debut novel, The Country of Carnival, published in 1931, when he was 18.\nPrateek Arora wrote his debut novel Village 1104 at the age of 16. It was published in 2010.\nDaisy Ashford (1881–1972) wrote The Young Visiters while aged nine. This novella was first published in 1919, preserving her juvenile punctuation and spelling. An earlier work, The Life of Father McSwiney, was dictated to her father when she was four. It was published almost a century later in 1983.\nAmelia Atwater-Rhodes (born 1984) had her first novel, In the Forests of the Night, published in 1999. Subsequent novels include Demon in My View (2000), Shattered Mirror (2001), Midnight Predator (2002), Hawksong (2003) and Snakecharm (2004).\nJane Austen (1775–1817) wrote Lady Susan, a short epistolary novel, between 1793 and 1795 when she was aged 18-20.\nRuskin Bond (born 1934) wrote his semi-autobiographical novel The Room on the Roof when he was 17. It was published in 1955.\nMarjorie Bowen (1885–1952) wrote the historical novel The Viper of Milan when she was 16. Published in 1906 after several rejections, it became a bestseller.\nOliver Madox Brown (1855–1874) finished his novel Gabriel Denver in early 1872, when he was 17. It was published the following year.\nPamela Brown (1924–1989) finished her children's novel about an amateur theatre company, The Swish of the Curtain (1941), when she was 16 and later wrote other books about the stage.\nCeleste and Carmel Buckingham wrote The Lost Princess when they were 11 and 9.\nFlavia Bujor (born 8 August 1988) wrote The Prophecy of the Stones (2002) when she was 13.\nLord Byron (1788–1824) published two volumes of poetry in his teens, Fugitive Pieces and Hours of Idleness.\nTaylor Caldwell's The Romance of Atlantis was written when she was 12.\n (1956–1976), Le Don de Vorace, was published in 1974.\nHilda Conkling (1910–1986) had her poems published in Poems by a Little Girl (1920), Shoes of the Wind (1922) and Silverhorn (1924).\nAbraham Cowley (1618–1667), Tragicall History of Piramus and Thisbe (1628), Poetical Blossoms (published 1633).\nMaureen Daly (1921–2006) completed Seventeenth Summer before she was 20. It was published in 1942.\nJuliette Davies (born 2000) wrote the first book in the JJ Halo series when she was eight years old. The series was published the following year.\nSamuel R. Delany (born 1 April 1942) published his The Jewels of Aptor in 1962.\nPatricia Finney's A Shadow of Gulls was published in 1977 when she was 18. Its sequel, The Crow Goddess, was published in 1978.\nBarbara Newhall Follett (1914–1939) wrote her first novel The House Without Windows at the age of eight. The manuscript was destroyed in a house fire and she later retyped her manuscript at the age of 12. The novel was published by Knopf publishing house in January 1927.\nFord Madox Ford (né Hueffer) (1873–1939) published in 1892 two children's stories, The Brown Owl and The Feather, and a novel, The Shifting of the Fire.\nAnne Frank (1929–1945) wrote her diary for two-and-a-half years starting on her 13th birthday. It was published posthumously as Het Achterhuis in 1947 and then in English translation in 1952 as Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl. An unabridged translation followed in 1996.\nMiles Franklin wrote My Brilliant Career (1901) when she was a teenager.\nAlec Greven's How to Talk to Girls was published in 2008 when he was nine years old. Subsequently he has published How to Talk to Moms, How to Talk to Dads and How to Talk to Santa.\nFaïza Guène (born 1985) had Kiffe kiffe demain published in 2004, when she was 19. It has since been translated into 22 languages, including English (as Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow).\nSonya Hartnett (born 1968) was thirteen years old when she wrote her first novel, Trouble All the Way, which was published in Australia in 1984.\nAlex and Brett Harris wrote the best-selling book Do Hard Things (2008), a non-fiction book challenging teenagers to \"rebel against low expectations\", at age 19. Two years later came a follow-up book called Start Here (2010).\nGeorgette Heyer (1902–1974) wrote The Black Moth when she was 17 and received a publishing contract when she was 18. It was published just after she turned 19.\nSusan Hill (born 1942), The Enclosure, published in 1961.\nS. E. Hinton (born 1948), The Outsiders, first published in 1967.\nPalle Huld (1912–2010) wrote A Boy Scout Around the World (Jorden Rundt i 44 dage) when he was 15, following a sponsored journey around the world.\nGeorge Vernon Hudson (1867–1946) completed An Elementary Manual of New Zealand Entomology at the end of 1886, when he was 19, but not published until 1892.\nKatharine Hull (1921–1977) and Pamela Whitlock (1920–1982) wrote the children's outdoor adventure novel The Far-Distant Oxus in 1937. It was followed in 1938 by Escape to Persia and in 1939 by Oxus in Summer.\nLeigh Hunt (1784–1859) published Juvenilia; or, a Collection of Poems Written between the ages of Twelve and Sixteen by J. H. L. Hunt, Late of the Grammar School of Christ's Hospital in March 1801.\nKody Keplinger (born 1991) wrote her debut novel The DUFF when she was 17.\nGordon Korman (born 1963), This Can't Be Happening at Macdonald Hall (1978), three sequels, and I Want to Go Home (1981).\nMatthew Gregory Lewis (1775–1818) wrote the Gothic novel The Monk, now regarded as a classic of the genre, before he was twenty. It was published in 1796.\nNina Lugovskaya (1918–1993), a painter, theater director and Gulag survivor, kept a diary in 1932–37, which shows strong social sensitivities. It was found in the Russian State Archives and published 2003. It appeared in English in the same year.\nJoyce Maynard (born 1953) completed Looking Back while she was 19. It was first published in 1973.\nMargaret Mitchell (1900–1949) wrote her novella Lost Laysen at the age of fifteen and gave the two notebooks containing the manuscript to her boyfriend, Henry Love Angel. The novel was published posthumously in 1996.\nBen Okri, the Nigerian poet and novelist, (born 1959) wrote his first book Flowers and Shadows while he was 19.\nAlice Oseman(born 1994) wrote the novel Solitaire when she was 17 and it was published in 2014.\nHelen Oyeyemi (born 1984) completed The Icarus Girl while still 18. First published in 2005.\nChristopher Paolini (born 1983) had Eragon, the first novel of the Inheritance Cycle, first published 2002.\nEmily Pepys (1833–1877), daughter of a bishop, wrote a vivid private journal over six months of 1844–45, aged ten. It was discovered much later and published in 1984.\nAnya Reiss (born 1991) wrote her play Spur of the Moment when she was 17. It was both performed and published in 2010, when she was 18.\nArthur Rimbaud (1854–1891) wrote almost all his prose and poetry while still a teenager, for example Le Soleil était encore chaud (1866), Le Bateau ivre (1871) and Une Saison en Enfer (1873).\nJohn Thomas Romney Robinson (1792–1882) saw his juvenile poems published in 1806, when he was 13.\nFrançoise Sagan (1935–2004) had Bonjour tristesse published in 1954, when she was 18.\nMary Shelley (1797–1851) completed Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus during May 1817, when she was 19. It was first published in the following year.\nMattie Stepanek (1990–2004), an American poet, published seven best-selling books of poetry.\nJohn Steptoe (1950–1989), author and illustrator, began his picture book Stevie at 16. It was published in 1969 in Life.\nAnna Stothard (born 1983) saw her Isabel and Rocco published when she was 19.\nDorothy Straight (born 1958) in 1962 wrote How the World Began, which was published by Pantheon Books in 1964. She holds the Guinness world record for the youngest female published author.\nJalaluddin Al-Suyuti (c. 1445–1505) wrote his first book, Sharh Al-Isti'aadha wal-Basmalah, at the age of 17.\nF. J. Thwaites (1908–1979) wrote his bestselling novel The Broken Melody when he was 19.\nJohn Kennedy Toole (1937–1969) wrote The Neon Bible in 1954 when he was 16. It was not published until 1989.\nAlec Waugh (1898–1981) wrote his novel about school life, The Loom of Youth, after leaving school. It was published in 1917.\nCatherine Webb (born 1986) had five young adult books published before she was 20: Mirror Dreams (2002), Mirror Wakes (2003), Waywalkers (2003), Timekeepers (2004) and The Extraordinary and Unusual Adventures of Horatio Lyle (February 2006).\nNancy Yi Fan (born 1993) published her debut Swordbird when she was 12. Other books she published as a teenager include Sword Quest (2008) and Sword Mountain (2012).\nKat Zhang (born 1991) was 20 when she sold, in a three-book deal, her entire Hybrid Chronicles trilogy. The first book, What's Left of Me, was published 2012.\n\nSee also \nLists of books\n\nReferences \n\nBooks Written By Children and Teenagers\nbooks\nChildren And Teenagers, Written By\nChi", "Alannah Yip (born October 26, 1993) is a Canadian engineer and sport climber. She was a national champion for her age when she was twelve. She won a gold medal at the American Climbing Championships 2020 in Los Angeles, which qualified her for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.\n\nLife\nYip was born and raised in North Vancouver. She began climbing when she was nine when her godparent's children became interested in climbing. She won her first National Climbing Championship when she was twelve. She trained to be an engineer, specialising in mechatronics. She tried giving up climbing to concentrate on her university studies, but she realised that sport was essential. In 2015 she was able to visit Switzerland as part of her studies and she was able to practice climbing in her spare time with the Swiss national team. When she returned to Canada she began training with the \"Climb Base 5\" in preparation for the following years World Cup climbing events.\n\nYip graduated from the University of British Columbia in 2018.\n\nHer coach was Andrew Wilson in 2018 and she has been supported by Petro-Canada. She qualified for a place in sport climbing at the 2020 Summer Olympics by winning the 2020 IFSC Pan-American Championships.\n\nResults\n\nWorld championships\n\nPan American championships\n\nReferences\n\n1993 births\nLiving people\nPeople from North Vancouver\nCanadian engineers\nCanadian rock climbers\nSport climbers at the 2020 Summer Olympics\nOlympic sport climbers of Canada" ]

[ "Cyndi Lauper", "1953-1979: Early life", "when was she born?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Cyndi Lauper", "1953-1979: Early life", "when was she born?", "I don't know.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Her father, Fred, was of German and Swiss descent. Her mother, Catrine (nee Gallo), is Italian American (" ]

[ "Hafize Sultan was daughter of Selim I and Ayşe Hafsa Sultan.\n\nBiography\nIn some sources she was called Hafsa. According to some sources, she was married to bostancıbaşı Fülân Ağa, who was executed by orders of Selim I in 1520.\nIt is often claimed in most sources that Hafize was married to Dukakinzade Mehmed Pasha, however he was married to Gevherşah Sultan, granddaughter of Bayezid II.\nShe was married again in 1522 to Çoban Mustafa Pasha, until he died in April 1629. With him she had son Kara Osman Şah(D. 1567/68).\n\nDeath\nHafize Sultan died on 10 July 1538, of unknown causes. She was buried in Mausoleum of her father.\n\nReferences\n\nOttoman Empire", "Al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh (; 1369 – 13 January 1421) was a Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 6 November 1412 to 13 January 1421.\n\nFamily\nShaykh's first wife was Khawand Khadija, whom he married before his accession to the throne. Another wife was Khawand Zaynab, the daughter of Sultan Barquq. She died in February–March 1423, and was buried in the mausoleum of her father. Another wife was Khawand Sa'adat. She was the daughter of Sirgitmish, and was the mother of his son Sultan Al-Muzaffar Ahmad. After Shaykh's death, she married Sultan Sayf ad-Din Tatar. She died in 1430. One of his concubines was Qutlubay, a Circassian. She was the mother of his son Sidi Ibrahim. After Shaykh's death she married Amir Inal al-Jakami. Ibrahim married Satita, daughter of Sultan An-Nasir Faraj. His only daughter was Khawand Asiya. She died in 1486.\n\nArchitecture\n\nHe has built the Mosque of Sultan al-Muayyad and Maristan of al-Mu'ayyad.\n\nSee also\nMosque of Sultan al-Muayyad\n\nReferences\n\nBurji sultans\n15th-century Mamluk sultans\n1369 births\n1421 deaths" ]

[ "Cyndi Lauper", "1953-1979: Early life", "when was she born?", "I don't know.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Her father, Fred, was of German and Swiss descent. Her mother, Catrine (nee Gallo), is Italian American (", "was she married?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Jane Webb, also known as Jane Williams was an indentured servant in Northampton County of the Colony of Virginia. She entered a seven-year contract with Thomas Savage so that she could marry an enslave man named Left. It allowed for children born during those seven years to be bound over to Savage, but after she was free, Webb expected her children to be free. Savage used the courts to his advantage and also used stall tactics to prevent the case from being settled. In the end, Left and their children were enslaved to Savage and his heirs.\n\nEarly life\nJane Webb, born free, was a mixed-race daughter of a white woman. She worked as an indentured servant.\n\nMarriage and children\nWebb wanted to marry a black enslaved man named Left in 1703 or 1704. To do so, she entered into a signed contract with Left's enslaver, Thomas Savage, who was a slaveholder and planter. In order to marry Left, she agreed to work for Savage for seven years. During that time, if she had any children, they would serve Savage. The period of the children's servitude was not clear. At the end of the seven years, her contract would be complete, Left would be freed, and Savage would not have a claim to children born after the seven year period. While indentured to Savage, she and Left had three children, Diana or Dinah, Daniel, and Francis Webb. Under Partus sequitur ventrem, the children took their status from their mother, so they should be free. Although it was quite unusual for an enslaved person to marry, their marriage was legally valid.\n\nBackground\nFree blacks made up 10% of the population of Northampton County, Virginia. To ensure their rights, it was common for blacks to file cases in court. Unusual for the time, Webb was the head of the family household, since Left was enslaved.\n\nLegal battle\nIn 1711, Webb expected to leave Savage with Left and their children. They disagreed about the arrangement for the children and Savage would not allow Left or the children to be freed. He submitted a letter to the county court of Northampton to have the children bound to him and his heirs. The court agreed with him.\n\nWebb went to court in 1722 to have her children freed. She contented that since she was married when she had the children, they should not be enslaved. Savage did not show up in court. He said he was sick and the case was continued a term. That happened several more times. Then the case was dismissed, claiming that Webb filed a frivolous case.\n\nSavage then wanted two more children—Lisha and Abimelech—born after Webb completed of her contract. Savage contended that since she was unable to financially support the children, Savage was best suited to take care of them and to prevent them from being \"induced to take ill courses\", but their arrangement did not allow for the two children to be bound over to Savage. He could not produce the contract, but he brought witnesses who stated that the agreement with Webb was to be able to have all children born to Webb.\n\nWebb tried to free her children and Left at the chancery court in March 1725. She argued that since Webb would not produce the contract, she did not have a way to prove their arrangement. She asked that he be brought into court. On July 12, 1726, the court ruled that Lisha and Abimilech were both to Savage and Webb was arrested for allegedly stating that \"if all Virginia Negroes had as a good as heart as she had they would all be free.\" She was ordered to receive 10 lashes of the whip. In November 1726, the court told Webb that she needed to provide proof to get her children and husband; Savage claimed he never agreed to free Left. She brought African American witnesses to court in December 1726, but they were not considered admissible and were not heard. After a couple more attempts in 1727, she realized she would not win. Left, her children, and now her children remained bound to Savage and his heirs.\n\nReferences\n\nYear of birth unknown\nYear of death unknown\nPeople from Northampton County, Virginia", "Usiququmadevu or Isiququmadevu is a creature from Zulu mythology. She is a bearded, bloated monster who eats every living thing she comes across. \n\nUsiququmadevu is said to have a husband of the same name.\n\nLegend\nAccording to legend, one day she came upon the children of a chief. As they were unguarded, she quickly swallowed them. The chief discovered what had happened and instantly set out to find her. Soon he did and killed her by stabbing her in the hump; his children emerged unscathed from her mouth.\n\nReferences\n\nZulu legendary creatures" ]

[ "John O. Brennan", "Career highlights" ]

[ "BET Presents Chris Brown is a DVD released by the American R&B singer-songwriter Chris Brown. The DVD was originally packaged with Exclusive, exclusively at Wal-mart. The release features BET highlights, performance highlights, and music videos from throughout Brown's career. Brown gives a candid interview as he talks about the production of Exclusive. The DVD also features BET highlights, performance highlights, and music videos from throughout Brown's career.\n\nRelease\nIn collaboration with Jive and Zomba Records, BET Official created BET Presents Chris Brown to help celebrate the release Brown's sophomore effort and gives his fans a chance to experience highlights from his career.\nThe DVD was originally packaged with Brown's second album, Exclusive, exclusively at Walmart. However, it is now available for individual purchase at online shopping sites such as Amazon.com.\n\nDVD features\tBET Highlights\n2006 BET Hip Hop Awards Performances\nInterview with Chris Brown\n106 and Park Performances & Interviews\n\nMusic videos\n\n\"Run It!\"\n\"Say Goodbye\"\n\"Gimme That\"\n\"Yo (Excuse Me Miss)\"\n\"Wall to Wall\"\n\"Kiss Kiss\" (Sneak Peek)\n\nExternal links\nBrown BET Presents DVD OOP Features Music Videos, Live Performances, and More!\n\nChris Brown albums\n2007 video albums\n2007 compilation albums\nJive Records video albums\nMusic video compilation albums", "Highlights for Children, often referred to simply as Highlights, is an American children's magazine. It began publication in June 1946, started by Garry Cleveland Myers and his wife Caroline Clark Myers in Honesdale, Pennsylvania (the present location of its editorial office). They both worked for another children's magazine, Children's Activities, for twelve years before leaving to start Highlights. Since its inception Highlights has carried the slogan \"Fun with a Purpose\".\n\nThe company is now based in Columbus, Ohio, and owns book publishers Zaner-Bloser, Stenhouse Publishers, and Staff Development for Educators. Its Boyds Mills Press division was sold to Kane Press in 2019. Highlights has surpassed one billion copies in print. Highlights, High Five, and Hello magazines do not carry any third-party advertising or commercial messages.\n\nThe Highlights Foundation, in Pennsylvania, is a public, not-for-profit 501(c)(3) organization supported by individuals, several publishing companies, and writers' organizations that are committed to improving the quality of children's literature by helping authors and illustrators hone their craft. Its location is the former home of the founders of Highlights for Children.\n\nBefore Highlights\nGarry Myers earned a PhD in psychology from Columbia University before World War I, providing a basis for the teaching he would do the rest of his life. He and Caroline Myers taught illiterate soldiers for the US Army, with Caroline becoming the first female teacher employed by the Army. This experience led to their pioneering of elementary education. They taught educators and parents for a time at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, during which Garry Myers wrote a nationally syndicated column entitled Parent Problems, and the couple co-authored several books.\n\nThey had become nationally well known in education and wished to share their knowledge so they began to work for Children's Activities. Lecturing across the nation, they informed, discovered, and refined what they knew. Certain business endeavors kept them from publishing what they thought was ideal for a children's magazine. Their travels also led to long discussions on what would be appropriate for children, and after finishing with Children's Activities instead of retiring they decided to start their own magazine. Their experience, knowledge and uncompromising methods led to a success for Highlights. Later, they would buy Children's Activities and incorporate it in Highlights.\n\nGarry and Caroline Myers tragically lost their son Garry and his wife Mary along with Highlights company vice-president Cyril Ewart, who were all passengers on TWA Flight 266, which collided over New York Harbor with United Flight 826 on December 16, 1960, while the three were on the trip to discuss distribution plans for Highlights magazine. There was only one survivor on either plane, who died the following day.\n\nHighlights Magazine for Children\nHighlights is geared mainly to elementary school students; it contains stories and puzzles for children ages six to twelve years old. One aim of the magazine is to encourage kids to read and has something for preschoolers in every issue. Highlights illustrations feature people of all colors and its stories also cover diverse communities. Its February 2017 issue included a family with two dads, the first depiction of a same-sex relationship in the magazine's 70-year history.\n\nIn June 1946, the first issue of Highlights sold fewer than 20,000 copies. Forty years later, Highlights was the most popular children's magazine in the United States, having close to two million subscribers, with 95 percent of the copies mailed to homes. The magazine accepted no advertising and eschewed single-issue sales, but could be found in most doctors' and dentists' offices in the United States.\n\nBy 1995, Highlights circulation had grown to 2.8 million, with most subscribers still being families. In 2006, the United States Postal Service delivered the one-billionth copy of Highlights magazine to a young subscriber in Dallas, Texas. \n\nHighlights circulation numbers declined to about 2 million copies a month by 2015, and the magazine announced that it would move some content onto tablets and mobile devices with the help of San Francisco startup, Fingerprint Digital, led by former LeapFrog Enterprises executive Nancy MacIntyre. The magazine launched a new mobile app Highlights Every Day, in April 2017.\n\nHighlights High Five Magazine for PreschoolersHighlights High Five is a younger children's counterpart to Highlights, first published with the January 2007 issue. This children's magazine is for preschoolers ages two through six. The goal of High Five is to help children develop and to give parent and child a fun and meaningful activity to do together each month. Every issue is 40 pages and includes poems and stories, crafts, easy recipes, games, puzzles and other activities that encourage children to be lifelong learners.\n\nHighlights Hello Magazine for ToddlersHighlights Hello Magazine was introduced in December 2012. This magazine for babies and toddlers targets children ages 0–2 years old. Highlights announced that this magazine, which is offered in several subscription packages is designed specifically for babies.\n\nRegular featuresAsk ArizonaAppearing in the magazine since 2005, \"Ask Arizona\" is a story series featuring a girl named Arizona who writes an advice column for other children, similar to Dear Abby or Ask Ann Landers. The article depicts real-life experiences and appears in every issue.Hidden Pictures\"Hidden Pictures\", published in every issue of Highlights since the magazine's inception, is now found on page 14 of each issue. Children find the smaller hidden pictures within the larger picture.Goofus and GallantFirst appearing in Highlights in 1948, Goofus and Gallant is a cartoon feature created by Garry Cleveland Myers and drawn by Anni Matsick. The strip features two contrasting boys, Goofus and Gallant. In each cartoon, it is shown how each boy would respond to the same situation. Goofus chooses an irresponsible and immature path, while Gallant chooses a responsible, mature and kind path. Often the panels would provide a description, such as on a school bus: Goofus hogs his seat – Gallant makes space for someone else to sit down. Sometimes the situations would show the boys talking, such as phone courtesy when parents are away: Goofus: \"Someone called but I forgot their name.\" Gallant: \"Someone called for you. I wrote down their name and number\". Goofus and Gallant's primary function is to teach children basic social skills. Originally drawn in black and white, Goofus and Gallant changed to colored pencils in 1994 and later changed to colored computer graphics in December 2005.The TimbertoesCreated for a 1932 book of the same name (published by The Harter Publishing Company) by writers Edna M. Aldredge and Jessie F. McKee along with illustrator John Gee, The Timbertoes has appeared in Highlights magazine for more than 50 years. The first Highlights incarnation was a full-page black and white comic strip featuring line-drawn characters, later switching to digital color in 2003. The Timbertoes family consists of parents Ma and Pa and their children Tommy and Mabel. The characters, including their dog Spot, cat Splinter, goat Butter, and horse Troy are depicted as being constructed from wood. Upon Gee's death, Highlights Senior Editor Marileta Robinson took over writing the strip, with illustrations done by Judith Hunt. Since 2003, the Timbertoes have appeared in color with Ron Zalme as the illustrator. Rich Wallace is the current writer.JokesAppearing in every issue is a series of 10 jokes of various kinds. A knock-knock joke is always included as a part of this feature.RiddlesA series of ten riddles. The punchlines appear upside-down at the bottom of the column.Your Own Pages\"Your Own Pages\" is a feature that prints drawings, poems, and stories by readers who submit them to the magazine.What's Wrong?Featured on the back cover, \"What's Wrong?\" is a large drawing of a typical scene of children playing, but unusual objects take the place of normal things throughout the picture. The page instructs the reader to find the various objects that are wrong.CraftsThis is a section where kids can make different crafts, such as puzzles, puppets and cards.Brain PlayThis section comprises a list of several simple questions for children.ContestsSometimes Highlights would have an illustration of something and would ask if a reader could submit a short story to accompany this. Other times it could be an unfinished story and the contest would ask if the readers could submit a few paragraphs to complete it. Several ideas would be chosen as winners and featured in a future issue.Dear Highlights\"Dear Highlights\" is an advice column from real children appearing at the back of each issue.Puzzles, Short Stories, and PoemsEvery issue of Highlights features puzzles, short stories, and poems throughout the issue. A puzzle is always featured at the front side of the back cover.Your Best Self\"Your Best Self\" is a one-panel comic showing kids doing the right thing that appeared until February 2015.The Bear Family'''This was a cartoon created by Garry Cleveland Myers. It focuses on a family of bears consisting of Father Bear, Mother Bear, daughter Woozy, and sons Poozy and Piddy. They learned about everything from name-calling to discipline.\n\nFormer features\n\nAloysius\nThe Aloysius stories were written by Sydney K. Davis. They centralized on an anthropomorphic wolf named Aloysius, who would get into a situation and have to be rescued by the other characters in the story, a male named Samuel Samuel and a female named Wanda. These appeared until 1993.\n\n Digital media \nIn 2010, Highlights released a series of educational mobile apps on the iOS App Store.\n\nIn September 2015, Highlights announced a partnership with Fingerprint—a San Francisco–based startup company involved in the development of edutainment apps, in launching apps that would serve as a complement to the printed Highlights magazine, including an upcoming service that would offer daily content drawing upon the resources and back catalog of Highlights and its recurring features, and a full digital version of the magazine that will feature a \"personalized\" experience and integrated multimedia content. The subscription service, Highlights Every Day, officially launched in April 2016.\n\nOn June 25, 2019, Highlights for Childrens Twitter account denounced the practice of family separation at the Mexico–United States border.\n\n See also \n \n \n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Official site\n \"Highlights for Children 1 Billion Strong\". Business First of Columbus'', June 12, 2006.\n\nAdvertising-free magazines\nChildren's magazines published in the United States\nHonesdale, Pennsylvania\nMagazines established in 1946\nMagazines published in Ohio\nMagazines published in Pennsylvania\nMass media in Columbus, Ohio\nMonthly magazines published in the United States", "Bo Knows Bo is the autobiography of Bo Jackson, who excelled in both professional football and professional baseball, before injuries ended his careers.\n\nCo-authored with Dick Schaap, Bo Knows Bo covers Bo Jackson's life from his childhood in Bessemer, Alabama to the peak of his athletic abilities in 1990. Late in 1990, Jackson suffered a hip dislocation injury that ended his NFL career, and eventually led to the end of his MLB career also. The postscript to the book, written soon after the initial injury, gives Jackson's account of what happened, as well as his hopes for a comeback.\n\nHighlights of the book include Jackson's account of growing up largely without a source of authority in his life, Jackson's love for running and jumping while hating organized practices, and how Jackson dealt with all the hype and expectations that came with winning the Heisman trophy in 1985 (\"I picked baseball.\")\n\nSports autobiographies\n1990 non-fiction books\nBessemer, Alabama\nBo Jackson\nDoubleday (publisher) books\nBaseball books\nAmerican football books\nCollaborative autobiographies" ]

[ "John O. Brennan", "Career highlights", "What were his career highlights?", "Brennan began his CIA career as an analyst and spent 25 years with the agency." ]

[ "Jeffrey W. Castelli is a CIA officer who served as CIA station chief in Rome at the time of the Niger uranium forgeries. His subsequent involvement in the CIA-led kidnapping of Hassan Mustafa Osama Nasr would lead to his subsequent sentencing to seven years in prison, by an Italian court, in 2013.\n\nConvicted to seven years in prison in the Imam Rapito affair \n\nCastelli was CIA station chief in Rome at the time of the kidnapping of Egyptian cleric Hassan Mustafa Osama Nasr on February 17, 2003, and was among 26 U.S. nationals (and one of the few with confirmed identities) subsequently indicted by Italian authorities for their involvement in what in the Italian press is referred to as the Imam Rapito (or \"kidnapped cleric\") affair.\n\nOn February 4, 2013, Castelli was convicted to seven years in prison, by a Milan court., along with three other CIA officials. None of the convicted US officials were present at the trial and none of them have been extradited to Italy later.\n\nSee also \n Extraordinary rendition by the United States\n\nExternal links \nJeff Castelli at CooperativeResearch\n\nFurther reading \n Kunhanandan Nair, Berlin \"Devil and His Dart: How the CIA is Plotting in the Third World\" Sterling Publishers, New Delhi, 1986 (117)\n Barton Gellman, \"A Leak, then a Deluge\", The Washington Post, October 25, 2005\n\nReferences \n\nPeople of the Central Intelligence Agency\nLiving people\nYear of birth missing (living people)", "The Unexpected Spy: From the CIA to the FBI, My Secret Life Taking Down Some of the World's Most Notorious Terrorists is a 2019 memoir by Tracy Walder about her work in the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Jessica Anya Blau assisted with the book, and it was published by St. Martin's Press.\n\nJeff Rowe of the Associated Press (AP) stated that the book \"is more a diary of the author’s journey\" instead of \"an exploration of decision-making at the highest levels of government\".\n\nBackground\nThe author, born Tracy Schandler, grew up in the Van Nuys neighborhood of Los Angeles. An alumna of University of Southern California and a member of the Delta Gamma sorority, first decided to work for the CIA when she encountered a CIA recruiting table at USC in 2000. She previously initially planned to be a history teacher. She printed out her resume and gave a copy to the staffer at the booth.\n\nShe worked for both the CIA and FBI, with her book showing a preference for employment at the former. In the CIA she entered the Weapons of Mass Destruction office and gained the post of \"staff operations officer\". Her task was to manage the Al Qaeda threat. She enjoyed her work but decided she did not want to do as much travel anymore.\n\nIn May 2004 she began working for the FBI after leaving the CIA, and she was employed by the agency for 14 months. There she worked on the Chi Mak counter-intelligence case. She stated that sexism was an issue at the FBI, and while she believed it would go away when she was promoted to higher levels, it continued to affect her; she stated that sexism was not as much of an issue at the CIA.\n\nShe left the FBI circa July 2005, and she taught history at the Hockaday School in Dallas, at the high school level. By 2020 she planned to end her time teaching and had joined the board of the organization Girl Security. She married a man and had a child with him.\n\nBlau is a novelist. She stated in an interview with Zac Crain of D Magazine that Walder is \"obviously brilliant, but she doesn’t have a sense of what about her is interesting\".\n\nContents\nPublishers Weekly stated that the book has \"rapid prose\".\n\nThe book shows paragraphs and sentences that are blacked over as Walder had to have her book reviewed by the CIA before publishing. Kirkus Reviews wrote that, including in regards to the Iraq War, the author \"fiercely defends the CIA\". Rowe also described her as \"a CIA loyalist\". She wrote text defending the CIA's role in regards to 9/11 Commission Report and torture in the George W. Bush administration.\n\nReception\nPublishers Weekly gave the book a star, and stated that the book is \"fast-paced and intense\".\n\nKirkus describes it as \"A mostly breezy read through some undeniably challenging and threatening circumstances.\"\n\nRowe stated that \"some insight into how the two agencies communicate would have been illuminating.\"\n\nAdaptations\n there were plans for a television series for ABC. Ellen Pompeo had purchased the story rights.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n2019 non-fiction books\nAmerican memoirs\nBooks about the Central Intelligence Agency\nBooks about the Federal Bureau of Investigation", "Bill Harlow (born May 30, 1950) is a retired U.S. Navy captain, author, and public relations specialist. He has been the top spokesperson for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and worked in the White House dealing with National Security Media issues.\n\nPublications\n\nCircle William \nCircle William is a novel about two brothers. One brother, Jim, is the White House Press Secretary and his younger brother, Bill, is the captain of the USS Winston Churchill. When the United States' Government learns of Libya's plan to drop chemical weapons on the Israeli Knesset, they must work together. Their first step is to prepare for a chemical, nuclear, or germ attack otherwise known as to set a \"Circle William.\" What complicates their mission is Washington Post journalist, Sue O'Dell, who plants to write a feature on Bill.\n\nHard Measures: How Aggressive CIA Actions After 9/11 Saved American Lives \nHarlow co-authored this book with Jose A. Rodriguez, Jr, a former CIA undercover officer before he joined the CIA Counterterrorism Center. The book goes in-depth into Rodriquez's experience. The authors claim that aggressive measures such as enhanced interrogation saved American lives after the September 11th attacks\n\nAt the Center of the Storm: My Years at the CIA \nHarlow co-authored this book with George Tenet. This book is the narration of Tenet's time at the CIA particularly the time surrounding the September 11th attacks. According to the authors, the book demonstrates the CIA's attempts to prepare the United States against numerous threats, understand the events that led to 9/11, and explain and offer information that led to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Tenet and Harlow offer their interpretations on President George W. Bush's \"sixteen words\" in his 2003 State of the Union Address and Tenet's true context of his \"slam dunk\" comment.\n\nThe Great War of Our Time: The CIA's Fight Against Terrorism: From al Qa'ida to ISIS \nHarlow co-authored this book with Michael Morell, a former acting director and deputy director of the CIA.\n\nProfessional life \nHarlow retired from the Navy with the rank of captain in 1997. He then became the chief of public affairs for the CIA. Additionally, Harlow has been the Navy's depute spokesperson in Europe, special assistant to the Secretary of the Navy and as an assistant White House Press Secretary for national security and foreign affairs.\n\nPersonal life \nHarlow's parents are both U.S. Navy veterans. Currently, he lives in northern Virginia.\n\nReferences \n\n1950 births\nLiving people\nWriters from Virginia\n21st-century American historians\n21st-century American male writers\nPlace of birth missing (living people)\nUnited States Navy officers\nAmerican public relations people\nPeople of the Central Intelligence Agency\nAmerican male non-fiction writers" ]

[ "John O. Brennan", "Career highlights", "What were his career highlights?", "Brennan began his CIA career as an analyst and spent 25 years with the agency.", "What is notable about his time at the CIA?", "He was a daily intelligence briefer for President Bill Clinton." ]

[ "\"The Pet Goat\" (often erroneously called \"My Pet Goat\") is a grade-school level reading exercise composed by American educationalist Siegfried \"Zig\" Engelmann. It achieved notoriety for being read by US President George W. Bush with a class of second-graders on the morning of September 11, 2001. After being discreetly informed of the September 11 attacks midway through the reading by White House Chief of Staff Andrew Card, Bush waited quietly for the reading to finish before dealing with the unfolding crisis. The episode figures prominently in the retrospective assessment of Bush's response to the September 11 attacks.\n\nReading exercise\n\"The Pet Goat\" was composed by Siegfried \"Zig\" Engelmann, who had written over a thousand similar instructional exercises since the 1970s. It was anthologized in the classroom workbook Reading Mastery: Rainbow Edition, Level 2, Storybook 1. \"The Pet Goat\" is designed to teach student about words ending in the letter E, using the Direct Instruction (DI) teaching method. The exercise tells a story about a girl's pet goat, which her parents want to get rid of because it eats everything; the parents relent after it foils a robbery by butting the intruder, who is now \"sore\" (that word ending in e).\n\nGeorge W. Bush during the September 11 attacks\n\nOn September 11, 2001, US President George W. Bush went to Emma E. Booker Elementary School to meet students and staff and to bring attention to his plans for education reform. Upon arriving at the Sarasota, Florida school, the president was informed of the first plane crash into One World Trade Center, though he was briefed that it was probably just a small propeller plane. While President Bush sat in Kay Daniels' classroom, and her students read \"The Pet Goat\", White House Chief of Staff Andrew Card interrupted the president to whisper in his ear: \"A second plane hit the second tower. America is under attack.\"\n\nAfterwards, the children continued to read and President Bush sat while—as described by The Wall Street Journal—\"trying to keep under tight control.\" Despite the president's efforts, students knew something was wrong; they later said that the president's face became red and serious, and his expression was \"flabbergasted, shocked, [and] horrified\".\n\nAccording to Bill Sammon's book Fighting Back, Bush's gaze flitted about the room—the children, the press, the floor, his staff—while his mind raced about everything he did not yet know. After receiving cue-card advice from his press secretary, Ari Fleischer (\"DON'T SAY ANYTHING YET\"), the \"notoriously punctual\" president lingered in the classroom after the reading exercise was finished: he adamantly did not want to give an appearance of panic. After chatting with the students and their teacher, Bush deflected a Trade Center-related question from a reporter, and began to learn about the magnitude of the attacks.\n\nPublic attention to \"The Pet Goat\" first came to the fore with Michael Moore's 2004 documentary Fahrenheit 9/11, though the film incorrectly gave the title as \"My Pet Goat\" and called it a book. Within a few weeks, a blogger named Peter Smith tracked down the correct name and origin as a reading exercise by Engelmann.\n\nReactions\nThe New Yorker described a seven-minute video of President Bush holding Reading Mastery while \"staring blankly into space\" as the most memorable bit in Fahrenheit 9/11; the film presents the president as faltering in the face of the crisis.\n\nThe commander-in-chief's supporters argued that there was nothing for Bush to do but wait for more information while not alarming the pupils. On his own behalf, Bush said that \"his instinct was to project calm, not to have the country see an excited reaction at a moment of crisis. The national press corps was standing behind the children in the classroom; he saw their phones and pagers start to ring. The president felt he should project strength and calm until he could better understand what was happening.\" Booker Elementary Principal Tose-Rigell supported the president's reactions at her school—\"I don't think anyone could have handled it better. What would it have served if [Bush] had jumped out of his chair and ran out of the room?\"—as did Daniels' students, who later said that Bush's actions were the right ones.\n\nA year after the attacks, Kay Daniels' classroom still had the chair in which the president sat; it was festooned with a purple ribbon. By 2004, Engelmann (then a retired professor) was surprised at the attention \"The Pet Goat\" received: \"It hasn't brought me any fame, […] It's fascinating that anyone would even be interested in something like this.\"\n\nEditions\n\nReferences\n\nanimal tales\nchildren's short stories\nfiction about goats\nGeorge W. Bush\nSeptember 11 attacks", "Jonathan James Bush (May 6, 1931 – May 5, 2021) was an American banker who was the fourth child and third son of U. S. Senator Prescott Bush and his wife Dorothy Bush. He was the brother of former Congressman, CIA Director, Vice President and President George H. W. Bush. He was also the uncle of former Texas Governor and President George W. Bush, and former Florida Secretary of Commerce and Governor Jeb Bush. He died in Florida, hours before his ninetieth birthday.\n\nEarly life\nBush was born in Greenwich, Connecticut, to Prescott Sheldon Bush, a politician, and Dorothy Walker Bush. He graduated from The Hotchkiss School and Yale University, where he was a member of Skull and Bones. The fourth child in the family, he was the brother of Prescott \"Pressy\" Bush, Jr. (1922–2010), the 41st President of the United States George H. W. Bush (1924–2018), Nancy Bush Ellis (1926–2021), and William \"Bucky\" Bush (1938–2018). He was the uncle of the 43rd President George W. Bush. Like his brother George H. W. Bush, he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity at Yale.\n\nBush and his wife Josephine are the parents of former NBC entertainment reporter Billy Bush and health care executive Jonathan S. Bush.\n\nCareer\nAs of December 31, 2018, Jonathan Bush had retired from Fairfield, Bush & Co., an Investment Advisory Firm in New Haven, Connecticut.\n\nJonathan Bush founded J. Bush & Co., which provided discreet banking services for the Washington, D.C., embassies of foreign governments for many years. In 1997, Riggs Bank bought J. Bush & Co. and made Bush CEO & President of Riggs Investment, a firm based in New Haven, Connecticut.\n\nIn the early 1980s, Jonathan Bush helped organize investors for George W. Bush's first oil venture, Arbusto Energy, later called Bush Explorations.\n\nDuring the 2000 presidential campaign, Bush was a major contributor and fundraiser to his nephew's election and was named a \"Bush Pioneer\" for raising more than $100,000 for the campaign.\n\nBush died on May 5, 2021, the day before his 90th birthday. At the time of his death, he was the last surviving child of Prescott Bush and Dorothy Walker Bush.\n\nControversy\nOn May 15, 2004, The Washington Post published an article that said, \"A political Web site written by a Democratic operative drew attention yesterday to the fact that President Bush's uncle, Jonathan J. Bush, is a top executive at Riggs Bank, which this week agreed to pay a record $25 million in civil fines for violations of law intended to thwart money laundering.\"\n\nThe bank accounts under investigation may have been Saudi, though the article did not say so. It did, however, go on to say: \"a source familiar with the multiple federal investigations of the bank's Saudi accounts and other embassy accounts say Jonathan Bush's investment advice unit has 'no relationship whatsoever' with any of the Riggs's Saudi accounts.\" Moreover, the newspaper quoted a spokesman for the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency as saying \"any suggestion of political influence in the Riggs situation is 'preposterous.'\"\n\nIn 1991, Bush was fined $30,000 in Massachusetts and several thousand dollars in Connecticut for violating registration laws governing securities sales. He was barred from securities brokerage with the general public in Massachusetts for one year.\n\nReferences\n\n1931 births\n2021 deaths\nAmerican bankers\nAmerican political fundraisers\nBush family\nBusinesspeople from Maine\nBusinesspeople from Greenwich, Connecticut\nConnecticut Republicans\nMaine Republicans\nHotchkiss School alumni\nYale University alumni\nPeople from North Haven, Maine", "George Bush most commonly refers to:\n George H. W. Bush (1924–2018), 41st president of the United States and father of the 43rd president\n George W. Bush (born 1946), 43rd president of the United States and son of the 41st president\n\nGeorge Bush may also refer to:\n George Bush (biblical scholar) (1796–1859), American pastor, abolitionist, academic and Zionist\n George Bush (footballer) (1883–1936), English footballer who played as a winger\n George Bush (racing driver) (1911–1967), American NASCAR driver\n George H. Bush (1857–1898), New York state legislator\n George P. Bush (born 1976), American attorney and politician; member of the Bush family\n George Bush (pioneer) (1779–1863), first African-American settler in what is now Washington State\n USS George H.W. Bush, an aircraft carrier named after the former president\n George H.W. Bush (film), a 2008 two-part biographical television film\n George W. Bush (film), a 2020 biographical film\n\nSee also\n \n \n \n Bush family\n Presidency of George Bush (disambiguation)\n George Brush (disambiguation)\n Bush (disambiguation)" ]

[ "John O. Brennan", "Career highlights", "What were his career highlights?", "Brennan began his CIA career as an analyst and spent 25 years with the agency.", "What is notable about his time at the CIA?", "He was a daily intelligence briefer for President Bill Clinton.", "What did he do under President Bush?", "He was director of the newly created Terrorist Threat Integration Center from 2003 to 2004," ]

[ "Eliphaz ( ’Ělīp̄āz, \"El is pure gold\") is called a Temanite (). He is one of the friends or comforters of Job in the Book of Job in the Hebrew Bible.\n\nThe first of the three visitors to Job (), he was said to have come from Teman, an important city of Edom (; ; ). Thus Eliphaz appears as the representative of the wisdom of the Edomites, which, according to , , and , was famous in antiquity.\n\nAs an alternative to the interpretation \"El is pure gold\", or \"My God is pure gold\", it has also been suggested that the name might mean something along the lines of \"My God is separate\" or \"My God is remote\".\n\nName\nThe name \"Eliphaz\" for the spokesman of Edomite wisdom may have been suggested to the author of Job by the tradition which gave the name Eliphaz to Esau's eldest son, the father of Teman (; ).\n\nBook of Job\nIn the arguments that pass between Job and his friends, it is Eliphaz who opens each of the three series of discussions:\nChapters 4-5, with Job's reply in chapters 6-7\nChapter 15, with Job's reply in chapters 16-17\nChapter 22, with Job's reply in chapters 23-24.\n\nAmerican theologian Albert Barnes suggests that, because he spoke first each time, Eliphaz may have been the eldest of the friends. Eliphaz appears mild and modest. In his first reply to Job's complaints, he argues that those who are truly good are never entirely forsaken by Providence, but that punishment may justly be inflicted for secret sins. He denies that any man is innocent and censures Job for asserting his freedom from guilt. Eliphaz exhorts Job to confess any concealed iniquities to alleviate his punishment. His arguments are well supported but God declares at the end of the book that Eliphaz has made a serious error in his speaking. Job offers a sacrifice to God for Eliphaz's error.\n\nHis primary belief was that the righteous do not perish; the wicked alone suffer, and in measure as they have sinned ().\n\nEliphaz' dream\nEliphaz' argument is, in part, rooted in what he believes to have been a personal revelation which he received through a dream (Job 4:12-16): \"an elusive word [stealed] past, quiet like a whisper\", and after a silence he heard a voice saying: Eliphaz feels empowered to confront Job because of his dream. Crenshaw notes that he missed \"the irony of this reference to God's lack of trust in his servants\".Some authors consider that Job's words in are a response to this \"revelation\" of Eliphaz: Albert Barnes refers to one of the Rosenmüllers as taking this approach. However, the words are different and form part of Job's reply to Bildad, the second friend: Barnes notes that \"it seems more probable that it is [a reply] to the general position which had been laid down and defended, that God was just and holy, and that his proceedings were marked with equity\".\n\nEliphaz refers to the content of his dream again for emphasis in :\n\nBildad also refers to Eliphaz' revelation in chapter 25, although he presents the concept as his own. Job rebukes him for it: \"What a help you are to the weak! How you have saved the arm without strength! What counsel you have given to one without wisdom! What helpful insight you have abundantly provided! To whom have you uttered words? And whose spirit was expressed through you?\" Job pokes fun at Bildad asking him what spirit revealed it to him because he recognizes the argument as Eliphaz's spiritual revelation.\n\nEliphaz' final speech\nAlthough quick-witted, and quick to respond, Eliphaz loses his composure in chapter 22, in the third and final round of speeches, accusing Job of specific faults, \"sins against justice and charity towards others\": oppressing widows and orphans, refusing bread to the hungry: a far cry from how he had originally described Job in his first address to him:\n\nEliphaz also misconstrues Job's message as he scrambles to summarize Job's thoughts from chapter 21:\n\nJob did not argue that God could not prevent evil. Job was observing that in this life God often chooses not to prevent evil. Conventional wisdom told Eliphaz that God should immediately punish the wicked as that would be the just thing to do. Job, however, saw it differently, and in 24:1, Job laments\n\nJob yearns for the justice Eliphaz claims exists – an immediate punishment of the wicked. However, that simply did not hold true according to Job's observations. Nevertheless, Job does not question God's ultimate justice. He knows justice will eventually be served. Job asks, \"For what hope have the godless when they are cut off, when God takes away their life? Does God listen to their cry when distress comes upon them?\"\n\nSee also \nBildad\nElihu\nZophar\n\nReferences \n\nHebrew Bible people\nBook of Job", "Bildad ( Bildaḏ), the Shuhite, was one of Job's three friends who visited the patriarch in the Hebrew Bible's Book of Job. He was a descendant of Shuah, son of Abraham and Keturah (Genesis 25:1 - 25:2), whose family lived in the deserts of Arabia, or a resident of the district. In speaking with Job, his intent was consolation, but he became an accuser, asking Job what he has done to deserve God's wrath.\n\nSpeeches\nThe three speeches of Bildad are contained in Job 8, Job 18 and Job 25. In substance, they were largely an echo of what had been maintained by Eliphaz the Temanite, the first of Job's friends to speak, but charged with somewhat increased vehemence because he deemed Job's words so impious and wrathful. Bildad was the first to attribute Job's calamity to actual wickedness, albeit indirectly, by accusing his children (who were destroyed, Job 1:19) of sin to warrant their punishment (Job 8:4). His brief third speech, just five verses in length, marked the silencing of the friends.\n\nSee also \nEliphaz\nZophar\n Elihu\n Bildad is also the name of one of the owners of the Pequod in Herman Melville's Moby-Dick.\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nHebrew Bible people\nBook of Job", "Alice Holford (died 1455) was an English bailiff of London Bridge for 25 years. She was a rare example of a woman in authority in the fifteenth century.\n\nLife\nHolford was married to Nicholas Holford, who was the bailiff of London Bridge. When he died in 1433 she took over the job. She had the task of gathering the toll from boats that sailed under the bridge and from the wagons that passed over it into London. The task was complicated because the fee depended on what was being carried. A woman having a position of authority and responsibility in the fifteenth century was unusual. This came about because she inherited her husband's business. She died in office in 1455, twenty-two years later.\n\nReferences\n\n1455 deaths\nYear of birth unknown\nBailiffs" ]

[ "John O. Brennan", "Career highlights", "What were his career highlights?", "Brennan began his CIA career as an analyst and spent 25 years with the agency.", "What is notable about his time at the CIA?", "He was a daily intelligence briefer for President Bill Clinton.", "What did he do under President Bush?", "He was director of the newly created Terrorist Threat Integration Center from 2003 to 2004,", "What was his job in this position?", "an office that sifted through and compiled information for President Bush's daily top secret intelligence briefings and employed the services of analysts" ]

[ "Seyyed Mohsen Shah Ebrahimi (in Persian: سید محسن شاه ابراهیمی) is an art director, costume designer and actor. Born in 1954, Iran. Studied art directing in the Faculty of Fine Arts in Florence, Italy (1980). He started his career with By the Ponds (1986, Y. Noasri), received the prize in FFF for The 'Night Nurse' (1987, M.-A. Najafi). As well as being a prominent art director, he has two films as actor in his career.\n\nWorks \n In the Wind's Eye, 1988\n Avinar (co)\n What Else Is New? (co), 1991\n The Snowman, 1994 (screened in 1997)\n Iran Is My Land\n Mummy 3, 1998 (Iranian made)\n Traveler of Rey , 2000\n\nExternal links\n \n\nIranian art directors\nPeople from Khorramshahr\n1954 births\nLiving people", "Sub-Lieutenant Ronald David Scott (born 17 October 1917) is an Argentine Naval aviator who flew for the Royal Navy’s Fleet Air Arm in the Second World War.\n\nHe was featured in the short film Buena Onda: The Tale of Ronny Scott in 2021.\n\nCareer\nI was born in Villa Devoto, certainly, but what else could I do but go to war? When someone like Hitler kills the number of people he ended up massacring, I think something has to be done. That's what I felt. Beyond coming from a family of British origin, I felt it was my obligation as a human being.\n\nSon of a veteran soldier from Scotland and a nurse from England, in 1942 at the age of 25, Scott signed up to the Royal Navy at the British Embassy in Buenos Aires, where he fought as a volunteer until the end of the Second World War, where he was awarded the 1939-1945 Star.\n\nLater life\nScott later returned to Argentina where he flew as a commercial pilot for Aeroposta Argentina, flying Douglas DC-3 aircraft to Patagonia. When Aeroposta merged with Aerolineas Argentinas, he continued to fly, captaining a Douglas DC4, a Comet 4 before culminating his career flying the Boeing 747. He retired with over 23000 flight hours under his belt.\n\nHe now lives in the Buenos Aires suburb of San Isidro, as the last surviving Spitfire pilot in Latin America. In 2021 he was made a life member of the Fleet Air Arm Officer's Association by Vice-Admiral Sir Adrian Johns, the former Second Sea Lord.\n\nReferences\n\nFleet Air Arm aviators\nFleet Air Arm personnel of World War II\nMilitary personnel from Buenos Aires\n1917 births\nLiving people\nArgentine people of English descent\nArgentine people of Scottish descent\nRoyal Navy officers\n\nes:Ronald Scott", "Fredrick Else (31 March 193320 July 2015) was an English footballer, who played as a goalkeeper. Else gained over 600 professional appearances in his career playing for three clubs, Preston North End, Blackburn Rovers and Barrow.\n\nClub career\nElse was born in Golborne near Wigan on 31 March 1933. Whilst on national service in the north-east he played for amateur club Axwell Park Colliery Welfare in the Derwent Valley League. He attracted the attention of Football League teams and signed as a junior for Preston North End in 1951, and as a professional in 1953. He made his debut for Preston against Manchester City in 1954, but was restricted to 14 appearances over his first three seasons. He eventually became first choice, displacing George Thompson, and played 238 times for North End. During this time Preston's most successful season came in 1957–58, when the club finished as runners up in Division One.\n\nThe 1960–61 season ended in relegation for Preston and Else was sold to neighbours Blackburn Rovers for £20,000. Else became a first choice for Blackburn straight away and played 221 times for the club. A collarbone injury in 1964–65 resulted in a period out of the game, though Else returned to regain the goalkeeper's jersey at Blackburn. Nonetheless the team were relegated the following season and Else was released. During the summer of 1966 Else signed with Barrow of the Fourth Division. Else became part of Barrow's most successful team, with the side winning promotion to the Third Division in his first season there. Else was Barrow's first choice keeper for the entire period that they were in the third division, and played 148 league matches for the club. He retired from football after Barrow's relegation in 1970 following a leg infection. His final season included a brief stint as caretaker manager at Barrow.\n\nHonours\n Football League Division One Runner-up 1957–1958\n Football League Division Four Promotion 1966–1967\n\nInternational career\nElse has been described by fans of the clubs that he played for as one of the best English goalkeepers never to win a full international cap. He did, however, make one appearance for the England B team in 1957 against Scotland B, as well as participating in a Football Association touring side of 1961.\n\nPersonal life and death\nElse met his wife Marjorie in 1949 in Douglas on the Isle of Man. They married when Else was 22 and Marjorie 20, on 29 October 1955, a Saturday morning. The wedding was held in Marjorie's home town of Blackpool and the date was chosen so that the couple could marry in the morning and Else could then travel either to Deepdale, to play for Preston North End's reserve team, or to Bloomfield Road where Preston's first team was due to be playing Blackpool F.C. In the event Else was selected for the reserves and the couple had to travel by bus to Preston.\n\nAfter retiring from football, Else remained in Barrow-in-Furness, becoming a geography and maths teacher at a local secondary school. He retired from teaching in 1999 and moved to Cyprus, though still attended some Barrow matches. Else died in Barrow-in-Furness on 20 July 2015, aged 82.\n\nReferences\n\n2015 deaths\n1933 births\nBarrow A.F.C. managers\nBarrow A.F.C. players\nBlackburn Rovers F.C. players\nPreston North End F.C. players\nPeople from Golborne\nEnglish footballers\nAssociation football goalkeepers\nSchoolteachers from Cumbria\nEnglish Football League players\nEngland B international footballers\nEnglish football managers" ]

[ "John O. Brennan", "Career highlights", "What were his career highlights?", "Brennan began his CIA career as an analyst and spent 25 years with the agency.", "What is notable about his time at the CIA?", "He was a daily intelligence briefer for President Bill Clinton.", "What did he do under President Bush?", "He was director of the newly created Terrorist Threat Integration Center from 2003 to 2004,", "What was his job in this position?", "an office that sifted through and compiled information for President Bush's daily top secret intelligence briefings and employed the services of analysts", "What else has he done in his career?", "One of the controversies in his career involves the distribution of intelligence to the Bush White House that helped lead to an \"Orange Terror Alert\"," ]

[ "MoneyBee was a distributed computing project in the fields of economics, finance and stock markets, that generated stock forecasts by application of artificial intelligence with the aid of artificial neural networks. MoneyBee acted as a screensaver. The project was run by i42 Informationsmanagement GmbH, a consulting private company from Mannheim, Germany. The project was suspended with a standing invitation for any interested in joining the MoneyBee2 project, but MoneyBee2 seems to have been abandoned in early 2010.\n\nHistory\nThe idea was first conceived in an economics thesis on stock forecasts with the aid of artificial neural networks at the University of Heidelberg. The MoneyBee system was then developed by i42 GmbH, Mannheim, who added some innovative features to the original idea.\n\nSince starting in September 2000, many users downloaded the German version. By 2001, about 12,000 users were generating 0.1 Teraflops of computing capacity – comparable to an average university mainframe computer at the time.\n\nSee also\n List of distributed computing projects\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Moneybee - an example of distributed computing\n MoneyBee: A new product to predict stock market developments using artificial intelligence and increased calculation capacitiy\n Innovative Kooperation zwischen MoneyBee und Zeitungssuchdienst Paperball\n\nDistributed computing projects\nArtificial neural networks\nStock market", "In artificial intelligence, the distributed multi-agent reasoning system (dMARS) was a platform for intelligent software agents developed at the AAII that makes uses of the belief–desire–intention software model (BDI). The design for dMARS was an extension of the intelligent agent cognitive architecture developed at SRI International called procedural reasoning system (PRS). The most recent incarnation of this framework is the JACK Intelligent Agents platform.\n\nOverview\ndMARS was an agent-oriented development and implementation environment written in C++ for building complex, distributed, time-critical systems.\n\nSee also\n Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute\n Intelligent agent\n JACK Intelligent Agents\n AgentSpeak\n\nReferences\n d'Inverno, M., Luck, M., Georgeff, M., Kinny, D. and Wooldridge, M. (2004) \"The dMARS Architecture: A Specification of the Distributed Multi-Agent Reasoning System\". Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems. pp. 5–53.\n Mark d'Inverno, David Kinny, Michael Luck, and Michael Wooldridge. \"A Formal Specification of dMARS\". In Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages, ATAL'97 appears in Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, volume 1365, pages 155–76, 1997.\n Michael Peter Georgeff, Anand S. Rao, \"A profile of the Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute,\" IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 89–92, December 1996.\n\nExternal links\n dMARS Product Brief on the AAII website via the Internet Archive\n\nAgent-based software\nMulti-agent systems\nSRI International software", "LIFER/LADDER was one of the first database natural language processing systems. It was designed as a natural language interface to a database of information about US Navy ships. This system, as described in a paper by Hendrix (1978), used a semantic grammar to parse questions and query a distributed database. \n\nThe LIFER/LADDER system could only support simple one-table queries or multiple table queries with easy join conditions.\n\nSome examples of queries it could accept:\nWhat are the length, width, and draft of the Kitty Hawk?\nWhen will Reeves achieve readiness rating C2?\nWhat is the nearest ship to Naples with a doctor on board?\nWhat ships are carrying cargo for the United States?\nWhere are they going?\nPrint the American cruisers’ current positions and states of readiness?\n\nReferences\n\nHistory of artificial intelligence\nUnited States Navy" ]

[ "Gary Cooper", "Silent films, 1925-28" ]

[ "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is a 10-minute black-and-white silent film made in the United States in 1910, and is based on Lewis Carroll's 1865 book of the same name.\n\nMade by the Edison Manufacturing Company and directed by Edwin S. Porter, the film starred Gladys Hulette as Alice. Being a silent film, naturally all of Lewis Carroll's nonsensical prose could not be used, and, being only a one-reel picture, most of Carroll's memorable characters in his original 1865 novel similarly could not be included. What was used in the film was faithful in spirit to Carroll, and in design to the original John Tenniel illustrations. Variety complimented the picture by comparing it favorably to the \"foreign\" film fantasies then flooding American cinemas.\n\nGallery\n\nSee also\n List of American films of 1910\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nAlice's Adventures in Wonderland at the Internet Movie Database\nAlice's Adventures in Wonderland on Comic Vine\nAlice's Adventures in Wonderland on Complete Index to World Cinema\n\n1910 films\n1910s fantasy films\n1910 short films\nFilms based on Alice in Wonderland\nAmerican black-and-white films\nAmerican films\nAmerican silent short films\nFilms based on multiple works\nAmerican fantasy films", "The Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum is located in what is now the historic district of Niles in the city of Fremont, CA. The museum is housed in the Edison Theater, a century-old Nickelodeon movie theater, just half a block from the former site of the Niles Essanay Studios where Broncho Billy and Charlie Chaplin made films in the 1910s. It is dedicated to preserving and showing silent films and their history. The silent film historical work of one of the members of its staff, David Kiehn, was featured on 60 Minutes for demonstrating that a film shot in San Francisco titled A Trip Down Market Street was actually made a few days before the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Additionally, when Google made a Google Doodle for April 16, 2011, in celebration of Chaplin's 122nd birthday, they collaborated with the Niles Silent Film Museum to produce the short.\n\nThe museum houses a large collection of Motion Picture equipment and related artifacts, as well as about 10,000 Silent Films in their archive.\n\nReferences\n http://www.nilesfilmmuseum.org/\n https://web.archive.org/web/20090318093744/http://www.nilesfilmmuseum.org/S%26A_story.htm\n http://www.nilesfilmmuseum.org/mission1.htm\n http://www.nilesfilmmuseum.org/60_minutes-promo.htm\n http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=6966797n&tag=contentMain;contentBody\n http://news.cnet.com/8301-13772_3-20054449-52.html\nhttps://abc7chicago.com/niles-essanay-silent-film-museum-movies-charlie-chaplin-films/5707166/\n\nMuseums in Alameda County, California\nCinema museums in California\nCinema of the San Francisco Bay Area" ]

[ "Gary Cooper", "Silent films, 1925-28", "what silent films were made in 1925?", "In early 1925, Cooper began his film career in silent pictures such as The Thundering Herd and Wild Horse Mesa with Jack Holt," ]

[ "What Fools Men is a 1925 American silent drama film directed by George Archainbaud and starring Lewis Stone, Shirley Mason, and Ethel Grey Terry.\n\nCast\n\nPreservation\nWith no prints of What Fools Men located in any film archives, it is a lost film.\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography\nJacobs, Lea. The Decline of Sentiment: American Film in the 1920s. University of California Press, 2008.\n\nExternal links\n\n1925 films\n1925 drama films\nAmerican films\nAmerican drama films\nFilms directed by George Archainbaud\nAmerican silent feature films\nEnglish-language films\nFirst National Pictures films\nAmerican black-and-white films\nLost American films\n1925 lost films\nLost drama films", "What Women Want is a surviving 1920 silent film drama directed by George Archainbaud and starring Louise Huff.\n\nA print is preserved in the Library of Congress collection.\n\nCast\nLouise Huff - Francine D'Espard\nVan Dyke Brooke - William Holliday Sr.\nRobert Ames - William Holliday Jr.\nClara Beyers - Countess de Chevigny\nHoward Truesdale - Ezekiel Bates\nBetty Brown - Susan\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nWhat Women Want at IMDB.com\n\n1920 films\nAmerican silent feature films\nAmerican films\nFilms directed by George Archainbaud\nAmerican black-and-white films\nAmerican drama films\n1920 drama films" ]

[ "Gary Cooper", "Silent films, 1925-28", "what silent films were made in 1925?", "In early 1925, Cooper began his film career in silent pictures such as The Thundering Herd and Wild Horse Mesa with Jack Holt,", "what other silent films?", "Riders of the Purple Sage and The Lucky Horseshoe with Tom Mix, and The Trail Rider with Buck Jones." ]

[ "Le Cousin is a 1997 French film directed by Alain Corneau.\n\nPlot \nThe film deals with the relationship of the police and an informant in the drug scene.\n\nAwards and nominations\nLe Cousin was nominated for 5 César Awards but did not win in any category.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1997 films\n1997 crime films\nFilms about drugs\nFilms directed by Alain Corneau\nFrench crime films\nFrench films\nFrench-language films", "This is a list of films with performances that have been nominated in all of the Academy Award acting categories.\n\nThe Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences annually bestows Academy Awards for acting performances in the following four categories: Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor, and Best Supporting Actress.\n\nFilms \n\nAs of the 93rd Academy Awards (2020), there have been fifteen films containing at least one nominated performance in each of the four Academy Award acting categories. \n\nIn the following list, award winners are listed in bold with gold background; others listed are nominees who did not win. No film has ever won all four awards.\n\nSuperlatives \n\nNo film has won all four awards.\n\nTwo films won three awards: \n\n A Streetcar Named Desire (1951) \n Network (1976)\n\nFour films hold a total of five nominations, each with an additional nomination within one of the four categories:\n\n Mrs. Miniver (1942) – two nominations for Best Supporting Actress\n From Here to Eternity (1953) – two nominations for Best Actor\n Bonnie and Clyde (1968) – two nominations for Best Supporting Actor\n Network (1976) – two nominations for Best Actor\n\nThree of the nominated films failed to win any of the four awards: \n\n My Man Godfrey (1936) – also failed to win any other Academy Awards\n Sunset Boulevard (1950)\n American Hustle (2013) – also failed to win any other Academy Awards\n\nOnly two of the nominated films won Best Picture:\n\n Mrs. Miniver (1942)\n From Here to Eternity (1953)\n\nOnly one of the nominated films was not nominated for Best Picture:\n\n My Man Godfrey (1936)\n\nFive performers were nominated for their work in two different films that received nominations in all acting categories (winners in bold):\n\n William Holden (Sunset Boulevard, Network)\n Warren Beatty (Bonnie and Clyde, Reds)\n Faye Dunaway (Bonnie and Clyde, Network)\n Bradley Cooper (Silver Linings Playbook, American Hustle)\n Jennifer Lawrence (Silver Linings Playbook, American Hustle)\n\nOnly one director has directed two films that received nominations in all four categories:\n\n David O. Russell (Silver Linings Playbook, American Hustle)\n\nThe 40th Academy Awards (1967) was the only ceremony in which multiple films held at least one nomination in all four acting categories:\n\n Bonnie and Clyde\n Guess Who's Coming to Dinner\n\nAll of the films, except My Man Godfrey and For Whom the Bell Tolls, were also nominated for the \"Big Five\" categories (Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress and Best Screenplay (Original or Adapted)).\n\nSee also \n\n List of Big Five Academy Award winners and nominees\n List of films with two or more Academy Awards in an acting category\n\nActing nom" ]

[ "Gary Cooper", "Silent films, 1925-28", "what silent films were made in 1925?", "In early 1925, Cooper began his film career in silent pictures such as The Thundering Herd and Wild Horse Mesa with Jack Holt,", "what other silent films?", "Riders of the Purple Sage and The Lucky Horseshoe with Tom Mix, and The Trail Rider with Buck Jones.", "did he win any awards for these films?", "I don't know." ]

[ "was a professional Go player.\n\nHe is well known in the Western go world for his book Lessons in the Fundamentals of Go.\n\nBiography \nKageyama was born in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. In 1948, he won the biggest amateur Go tournament in Japan, the All-Amateur Honinbo. The year after that, he passed the pro exam. \n\nFor two years straight, Kageyama was runner up for the Prime Minister Cup. First, against Otake Hideo, then Hoshino Toshi. His style was a very calm one with deep calculations, similar to what Ishida Yoshio would use later on. The greatest accomplishment of his life, in his own opinion, was beating Rin Kaiho in the Prime Minister Cup semi-finals. At the time, Rin was the Meijin, the top player in Japan. Kageyama gave a commentary on this game in his book \"Lessons in the Fundamentals of Go\", where he wrote\n\nPromotion record\n\nRunners-up\n\nAwards\nTakamatsu-no-miya Prize once (1967)\n\nBibliography \nLessons in the Fundamentals of Go \nKage's Secret Chronicles of Handicap Go\n\nReferences\n\n1926 births\n1990 deaths\nJapanese Go players\nGo writers", "Hans Christian Harald Tegner, known as Hans Tegner (30 November 1853 – 2 April 1932), was a Danish artist and illustrator. He is primarily known for his illustrations of literary works by Hans Christian Andersen and Ludvig Holberg and for his work for the Bing & Grøndahl porcelain factory.\n\nEarly life and education\nSon of lithographer Isac Wilhelm Tegner, Hans studied at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts from 1869 to 1878.\n\nCareer\nHis first art exhibition was in 1882, featuring watercolour illustrations of Hans Christian Andersen's story The Tinderbox. His second, and last, exhibition in 1889 was a watercolour painting celebrating the 50-year jubilee of the Constitution of Denmark, and was bought by king Christian IX of Denmark. From 1883 to 1888, Tegner painted a series of illustrations for the works of Ludvig Holberg, his greatest artistic accomplishment. The second great accomplishment of Tegner, was his exquisite illustrations produced for the so-called international selection () of Andersen's fairy tales, finished in 1901.\n\nTegner was made professor at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts in 1897. He illustrated a number of other books, as well as postal stamps, and the first 5-Danish krone note in 1898. He was the leader of Kunsthåndværkerskolen (a part of what is now Danmarks Designskole) from 1901 to 1917, and chief designer at porcelain manufacturer Bing & Grøndahl from 1907 to 1932. He died on April 2, 1932, in Fredensborg.\n\npersonal life\n\nTegner married Helga Byberg (13 January 1862 - 26 February 1945), a daughter of merchant Ole Strib Hansen Byberg (1812–82) and Karen Møller (1821–89), on 24 November 1896 in Sundby.\n\nHe died on 2 April 1932 and is buried in Asminderød Cemetery\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1853 births\n1932 deaths\nDanish artists\nRoyal Danish Academy of Fine Arts faculty\nRoyal Danish Academy of Fine Arts alumni\n19th-century illustrators of fairy tales\n20th-century illustrators of fairy tales" ]

[ "Gary Cooper", "Silent films, 1925-28", "what silent films were made in 1925?", "In early 1925, Cooper began his film career in silent pictures such as The Thundering Herd and Wild Horse Mesa with Jack Holt,", "what other silent films?", "Riders of the Purple Sage and The Lucky Horseshoe with Tom Mix, and The Trail Rider with Buck Jones.", "did he win any awards for these films?", "I don't know.", "what was his greatest accomplishment?", "Cooper also made Lilac Time with Colleen Moore for First National Pictures, his first movie with synchronized music and sound effects." ]

[ "Lilac Time may refer to:\n\nLilac Time (operetta) or Das Dreimäderlhaus, a 1922 operetta\nLilac Time (film), a 1928 American silent romantic war film\nLilac Time, a 1917 play by Jane Cowl and Jane Murfin; basis for the film\nThe Lilac Time, a British alternative rock band\nThe Lilac Time (album), a 1987 album by the band\nThe Lilac Time, a 2008 album by Pelle Carlberg\n\nSee also\n\"Jeannine, I Dream of Lilac Time\", theme song for the 1928 film\nLilac Time in Lombard, an annual festival in Lombard, Illinois, US", "Lilac Festival is the name of various festivals which celebrate the Lilac (Syringa).\n\nCanada\n Lilac Festival (Calgary) - since 1989 in Calgary, Alberta, Canada\n Lilac Festival (Franktown) - since 1995 in the Lilac Capital of Ontario, Franktown, Ontario, Canada\n\nUnited States\n Lilac Festival (Rochester) - since 1898 in Rochester, New York\n Lilac Festival (Spokane) - since 1938 in Spokane, Washington\n Lilac Festival (Mackinac Island) - since 1949 on Mackinac Island, Michigan\n Lilac Festival (Lombard, Illinois)- since 1929 in Lombard, Illinois, known as The Lilac Village. Its \"Lilacia Park\", landscaped by Jens Jensen, features 1,200 lilacs on 3.4 hectares. Every May since 1929, Lombard has hosted Lilac Time featuring a number of events for lilac enthusiasts." ]

[ "Gary Cooper", "Silent films, 1925-28", "what silent films were made in 1925?", "In early 1925, Cooper began his film career in silent pictures such as The Thundering Herd and Wild Horse Mesa with Jack Holt,", "what other silent films?", "Riders of the Purple Sage and The Lucky Horseshoe with Tom Mix, and The Trail Rider with Buck Jones.", "did he win any awards for these films?", "I don't know.", "what was his greatest accomplishment?", "Cooper also made Lilac Time with Colleen Moore for First National Pictures, his first movie with synchronized music and sound effects.", "did Lilac Time succeed?", "It became one of the most commercially successful films of 1928." ]

[ "\"Toward a Fair Use Standard\", 103 Harv. L. Rev. 1105 (1990), is a law review article on the fair use doctrine in US copyright law, written by then-District Court Judge Pierre N. Leval. The article argued that the most critical element of the fair use analysis is the transformativeness of a work, the first of the statutory factors listed in the Copyright Act of 1976, . \n\nLeval's article is cited in the Supreme Court's 1994 decision in Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., which marked a shift in judicial treatment of fair use toward a transformativeness analysis and away from emphasizing the \"commerciality\" analysis of the fourth factor. Prior to Leval's article, the fourth factor had often been described as the most important of the factors. \n\nIn his article, Leval noted: \nI believe the answer to the question of justification turns primarily on whether, and to what extent, the challenged use is transformative. The use must be productive and must employ the quoted matter in a different manner or for a different purpose from the original. ...[If] the secondary use adds value to the original—if the quoted matter is used as raw material, transformed in the creation of new information, new aesthetics, new insights and understandings—this is the very type of activity that the fair use doctrine intends to protect for the enrichment of society.\n\nTransformative uses may include criticizing the quoted work, exposing the character of the original author, proving a fact, or summarizing an idea argued in the original in order to defend or rebut it. They also may include parody, symbolism, aesthetic declarations, and innumerable other uses.\n\nLeval's article was published with an accompanying article by Lloyd Weinreb \"Fair's Fair: A Comment on the Fair Use Doctrine\", 103 Harvard Law Review 1137 (1990), which generally critiqued Leval's thesis.\n\nFurther reading \n \n \n\n1990 essays\n1990 in law\nFair use\nCopyright law literature\nLegal literature\nWorks originally published in the Harvard Law Review\nUnited States copyright law", "In Caspar Hare's theory of perspectival realism, there is a defining intrinsic property that the things that are in perceptual awareness have. Consider seeing object A but not object B. Of course, we can say that the visual experience of A is present to you, and no visual experience of B is present to you. But, it can be argued, this misses the fact that the visual experience of A is simply present, not relative to anything. This is what Hare's perspectival realism attempts to capture, resulting in a weak version of metaphysical solipsism.\n\nAs Hare points out, the same type of argument is often used in the philosophy of time to support theories such as presentism. Of course, we can say that A is happening on [insert today's date]. But, it can be argued, this misses the fact that A is simply happening (right now), not relative to anything.\n\nHare's theory of perspectival realism is closely related to his theory of egocentric presentism.\nSeveral other philosophers have written reviews of Hare's work on this topic.\n\nSee also\n Metaphysical subjectivism\n Centered worlds\n Benj Hellie's vertiginous question\n J.J. Valberg's personal horizon\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Hare, Caspar. Self-Bias, Time-Bias, and the Metaphysics of Self and Time. Preprint of article in The Journal of Philosophy (2007).\n Hare, Caspar. On Myself, and Other, Less Important Subjects. Early draft of book published by Princeton University Press (2009).\n Hare, Caspar. Realism About Tense and Perspective. Preprint of article in Philosophy Compass (2010).\n\nEpistemological theories\nMetaphysics of mind\nPhilosophical realism\nPhilosophy of time\nTheory of mind" ]

[ "Gary Cooper", "Silent films, 1925-28", "what silent films were made in 1925?", "In early 1925, Cooper began his film career in silent pictures such as The Thundering Herd and Wild Horse Mesa with Jack Holt,", "what other silent films?", "Riders of the Purple Sage and The Lucky Horseshoe with Tom Mix, and The Trail Rider with Buck Jones.", "did he win any awards for these films?", "I don't know.", "what was his greatest accomplishment?", "Cooper also made Lilac Time with Colleen Moore for First National Pictures, his first movie with synchronized music and sound effects.", "did Lilac Time succeed?", "It became one of the most commercially successful films of 1928.", "what is the most important fact in this article?", "Cooper's first important film role was in The Winning of Barbara Worth (1926) with Ronald Colman and Vilma Banky," ]

[ "The Star Awards for Best Actor is an award presented annually at the Star Awards, a ceremony that was established in 1994.\n\nThe category was introduced in 1995, at the 2nd Star Awards ceremony; Li Nanxing received the award for his role in Wounded Tracks and it is given in honour of a Mediacorp actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role. The nominees are determined by a team of judges employed by Mediacorp; winners are selected by a majority vote from the entire judging panel.\n\nSince its inception, the award has been given to 11 actors. Qi Yuwu is the most recent winner in this category for his role in A Quest to Heal. Since the ceremony held in 2019, Chen Hanwei remains as the only actor to win in this category six times, surpassing Xie Shaoguang who has five wins. Chen and Christopher Lee have been nominated on 14 occasions, more than any other actor. Terence Cao holds the record for the most nominations without a win, with six.\n\nRecipients\n\n Each year is linked to the article about the Star Awards held that year.\n\nMultiple awards and nominations\n\nThe following individuals received two or more Best Actor awards:\n\nThe following individuals received two or more Best Actor nominations:\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\nStar Awards", "The Star Awards for Best Actress is an award presented annually at the Star Awards, a ceremony that was established in 1994.\n\nThe category was introduced in 1995, at the 2nd Star Awards ceremony; Fann Wong received the award for her role in Chronicle of Life and it is given in honour of a Mediacorp actress who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role. The nominees are determined by a team of judges employed by Mediacorp; winners are selected by a majority vote from the entire judging panel.\n\nSince its inception, the award has been given to 13 actresses. Zoe Tay is the most recent winner in this category for her role in My Guardian Angels. Since the ceremony held in 2021, Tay remains as the only actress to win in this category four times, surpassing Chen Liping, Huang Biren, and Ivy Lee who have three wins each. Tay has also been nominated on 14 occasions, more than any other actress. Jacelyn Tay holds the record for the most nominations without a win, with five.\n\nRecipients\n\n Each year is linked to the article about the Star Awards held that year.\n\nMultiple awards and nominations\n\nThe following individuals received two or more Best Actress awards:\n\nThe following individuals received two or more Best Actress nominations:\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\nStar Awards" ]

[ "Gary Cooper", "Silent films, 1925-28", "what silent films were made in 1925?", "In early 1925, Cooper began his film career in silent pictures such as The Thundering Herd and Wild Horse Mesa with Jack Holt,", "what other silent films?", "Riders of the Purple Sage and The Lucky Horseshoe with Tom Mix, and The Trail Rider with Buck Jones.", "did he win any awards for these films?", "I don't know.", "what was his greatest accomplishment?", "Cooper also made Lilac Time with Colleen Moore for First National Pictures, his first movie with synchronized music and sound effects.", "did Lilac Time succeed?", "It became one of the most commercially successful films of 1928.", "what is the most important fact in this article?", "Cooper's first important film role was in The Winning of Barbara Worth (1926) with Ronald Colman and Vilma Banky,", "did he win any awards for this role?", "The film was a major success. Critics singled out Cooper as a \"dynamic new personality\" and future star." ]

[ "Thomas McPherson Brown (1906–1989) was a rheumatologist who held unorthodox views about the basis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and believed it could be cured with antibiotics.\n\nBrown graduated from Swarthmore College then attended Johns Hopkins Medical School. He did his medical residency at the hospital associated with the Rockefeller Institute.At Rockefeller he did research on synovial fluid from people with RA and in 1937 found Mycoplasma in the fluid from some patients, leading him to believe that RA might be an infectious disease. His work was interrupted by service in World War II; after the war he obtained a position at George Washington University and began to experimentally treat some people with RA with antibiotics, which at the time were a new class of drugs. Some of the people he treated were members of Congress or ambassadors, and some of them responded positively. He presented his work at a conference in 1949; at the same conference, the new drug cortisone was presented, and it overshadowed his work and became the leading treatment for RA.\n\nThroughout his career, Brown fought to have his antibiotic treatments recognized by the medical establishment; they were not.\n\nFootnotes\n\n1906 births\n1989 deaths\nAmerican rheumatologists\n20th-century American physicians", "Ben Thigpen (November 16, 1908 – October 5, 1971) was an American jazz drummer. He is the father of drummer Ed Thigpen.\n\nHe was born Benjamin F. Thigpen in Laurel, Mississippi. Ben Thigpen played piano as a child, having been trained by his sister Eva. He played in South Bend, Indiana with Bobby Boswell in the 1920s, and then moved to Chicago to study under Jimmy Bertrand. While there he played with many noted Chicago bandleaders and performers, including Doc Cheatham. He played with Charlie Elgar's Creole Band during 1927-1929 but did not record with them. Following this he spent time in Cleveland with J. Frank Terry, and then became the drummer for Andy Kirk's Clouds of Joy, where he stayed from 1930 to 1947. Much of his work is available on collections highlighting the piano work of Mary Lou Williams, who also played in this ensemble.\n\nAfter his time with Kirk, Thigpen's career is poorly documented. He led his own quintet in St. Louis and recorded with Singleton Palmer in the 1960s.\n\nReferences\n[ Ben Thigpen] at Allmusic\n\nExternal links\n Ben Thigpen recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings.\n\nAmerican jazz drummers\n1908 births\n1971 deaths" ]

[ "Gary Cooper", "Silent films, 1925-28", "what silent films were made in 1925?", "In early 1925, Cooper began his film career in silent pictures such as The Thundering Herd and Wild Horse Mesa with Jack Holt,", "what other silent films?", "Riders of the Purple Sage and The Lucky Horseshoe with Tom Mix, and The Trail Rider with Buck Jones.", "did he win any awards for these films?", "I don't know.", "what was his greatest accomplishment?", "Cooper also made Lilac Time with Colleen Moore for First National Pictures, his first movie with synchronized music and sound effects.", "did Lilac Time succeed?", "It became one of the most commercially successful films of 1928.", "what is the most important fact in this article?", "Cooper's first important film role was in The Winning of Barbara Worth (1926) with Ronald Colman and Vilma Banky,", "did he win any awards for this role?", "The film was a major success. Critics singled out Cooper as a \"dynamic new personality\" and future star.", "who did he work with?", "Goldwyn rushed to offer Cooper a long-term contract, but he held out for a better deal--finally signing a five-year contract with Jesse L. Lasky at Paramount Pictures" ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Gary Cooper", "Silent films, 1925-28", "what silent films were made in 1925?", "In early 1925, Cooper began his film career in silent pictures such as The Thundering Herd and Wild Horse Mesa with Jack Holt,", "what other silent films?", "Riders of the Purple Sage and The Lucky Horseshoe with Tom Mix, and The Trail Rider with Buck Jones.", "did he win any awards for these films?", "I don't know.", "what was his greatest accomplishment?", "Cooper also made Lilac Time with Colleen Moore for First National Pictures, his first movie with synchronized music and sound effects.", "did Lilac Time succeed?", "It became one of the most commercially successful films of 1928.", "what is the most important fact in this article?", "Cooper's first important film role was in The Winning of Barbara Worth (1926) with Ronald Colman and Vilma Banky,", "did he win any awards for this role?", "The film was a major success. Critics singled out Cooper as a \"dynamic new personality\" and future star.", "who did he work with?", "Goldwyn rushed to offer Cooper a long-term contract, but he held out for a better deal--finally signing a five-year contract with Jesse L. Lasky at Paramount Pictures", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "During this time, he was earning as much as $2,750 per film" ]

[ "This article contains a list of child bridegrooms or child husbands wherein notable or historically significant examples have been singled out.\n\nList\n\nAntiquity \n Tutankhamun was married before the age of nine years to his half-sister Ankhesenamun (aged about 16).\n\n8th century \n The future Emperor Shōmu (aged about 16) was married to in Asukabe-hime (aged 16) .\n\n10th century \n The future Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor (aged 16/17), was married to Theophanu (aged about 17) in 972.\n\n The future Louis V of France (aged about 15) was married to the twice-widowed Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou (aged 40) in 982.\n\n The future Emperor Ichijō (aged 10) was married to Fujiwara no Teishi (about 12/13) in October 990.\n\n11th century \n Fujiwara no Shōshi (aged about 12) was married to the future Emperor Ichijō (aged 19/20) in 1000.\n\n The future Emperor Go-Ichijō (aged 10) married his aunt Fujiwara no Ishi (aged 19) in 1018.\n\n The future Emperor Horikawa (aged 14) was married to his paternal aunt Princess Tokushi (aged about 33) in 1093.\n\n12th century \n Pons, Count of Tripoli (aged 13/14), was married to Cecile of France (aged 14/15) in 1112.\n\n William Adelin (aged 15), son and heir of Henry I of England, was married to Matilda of Anjou (aged about 13) in 1119.\n\n Louis VII of France (aged 17) married Eleanor of Aquitaine (aged about 15) in 1137; their marriage was annulled in 1152.\n\n Eustace IV, Count of Boulogne (aged about 12/13), was married to Constance of France (aged about 15/16) in 1140.\n\n Philip I, Count of Flanders (aged 15/16), was married to Elisabeth of Vermandois (aged 16) in 1159.\n\n The future Emperor Nijō (aged 15) was married to his paternal aunt Princess Yoshiko (aged 17) in March 1159.\n\n Alfonso VIII of Castile (aged 14/15) married Eleanor of England in 1170, when she was about 9-years-old.\n\n Henry the Young King (aged 17) was married to Margaret of France (aged 13/14) in 1172. They had been betrothed since 1160, when Henry was 5 and Margaret was about 2.\n\n Canute VI of Denmark (aged about 13/14) was married to Gertrude of Bavaria (aged 22 or 25) in 1177. They had been engaged since 1171, since he was about 7/8 and she was about 16 or 19.\n\n Henry I, Duke of Brabant (aged about 14), was married to Matilda of Boulogne (aged 9) in 1179.\n\n Alexios II Komnenos was 10 when he is reported to have married Agnes of France (aged 9) in 1180.\n\n Philip II of France (aged 14) married Isabella of Hainault (aged 10) in 1180.\n\n Humphrey IV of Toron (aged about 17) married Isabella of Jerusalem (aged 10/11) in 1183. They had been betrothed when Humphrey was about 14/15 and Isabella was 8-years-old.\n\n Conrad II, Duke of Swabia (aged 13/14), married Berengaria of Castile in 1187, when she was about 8-years-old. The marriage was never consummated due to Berengaria's young age.\n\n William IV, Count of Ponthieu (aged 15/16), was married to Alys of France, Countess of Vexin (aged 34), in 1195.\n\n13th century \n Henry VI, Count Palatine of the Rhine (aged about 16), was married to Matilda of Brabant (aged about 12) in 1212.\n\n Henry I of Castile married his cousin Mafalda of Portugal (aged about 20) in 1215, when he was either 10- or 11-years-old. The marriage was never consummated due to Henry's young age; and the marriage was annulled by the Pope in 1216 on the grounds of consanguinity. Later that year, Henry was betrothed to his second cousin Sancha, heiress of León, but he died in 1217 at the age of 13.\n\n Baldwin II of Constantinople (aged about 17) was married to Marie of Brienne (aged about 10) in 1234.\n\n Alexander III of Scotland (aged 10) was married to Margaret of England (aged 11) in December 1251.\n\n Edward I of England (aged 15) was married to Eleanor of Castile (aged 13) in 1254.\n\n The future Philip III of France (aged 17) was married to Isabella of Aragon (aged 13/14) in May 1262. They had been betrothed since May 1258, when he was 13 and she was 9/10.\n\n John I, Duke of Brabant (17/18), was married to Margaret of France (aged 15/16) in 1270.\n\n The future Ladislaus IV of Hungary (aged 7/8) was married to Elizabeth of Sicily (aged 8/9) in 1270.\n\n Philip of Sicily (aged about 15/16) was married to Isabella of Villehardouin (aged either 8 or 11) in May 1271.\n\n The future Philip IV of France (aged 16) was married to Joan I of Navarre (aged 11) in August 1285.\n\n Wenceslaus II of Bohemia (aged 13) was married to Judith of Habsburg (aged 13) in January 1285.\n\n John II, Duke of Brabant (aged 14), was married to Margaret of England (aged 15) in 1290. John and Margaret had been betrothed since they were 2 and 3, respectively.\n\n Henry, Count of Luxembourg (aged about 13/14), was married to Margaret of Brabant (aged 15) in July 1292.\n\n John I, Count of Holland (aged 12/13), was married to Elizabeth of Rhuddlan (aged 14) in 1297.\n\n14th century \n Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March (aged 14), was married to Joan de Geneville (aged 15) in 1301.\n\n The future Gaston I, Count of Foix (aged 13/14), was married to Joan of Artois (aged 11/12) in 1301.\n\n The future Louis X of France (aged 15) was married to Margaret of Burgundy (aged about 15) in 1305.\n\n Philip V of France (aged about 13/14) was married to Joan of Burgundy (aged 14/15) in 1307.\n\n The future Charles IV of France (aged 13) was married to Blanche of Burgundy (aged about 11/12) in January 1308.\n\n John of Luxembourg (aged 14) was married to Elizabeth of Bohemia (aged 18) in September 1310.\n\n John III, Duke of Brabant (aged 10/11), was married to Marie of Évreux (aged 7/8) in 1311.\n\n Edmund Mortimer (aged about 13/14, possibly younger) was married to Elizabeth de Badlesmere (aged 3) in 1316.\n\n Thomas Beauchamp (aged about 6) was married to Katherine Mortimer (aged about 5) in 1319.\n\n Louis I, Count of Flanders (aged about 15/16), was married to Margaret of France (aged 9/10) in 1320.\n\n Guigues VIII of Viennois (aged 13/14) was married to Isabella of France (aged 10/11) in 1323.\n\n Alfonso XI of Castile (aged 13/14) was married to Constanza Manuel of Villena (aged at most 10) in 1325. He had the marriage annulled two years later, and in 1328, at the age of 16/17, married his double first cousin Maria of Portugal (aged 14/15).\n \n Edward III of England (aged 15) was married to Philippa of Hainault (between the ages of 12 and 17) in 1327.\n\n The future David II of Scotland (aged 4) was married to Joan of the Tower (aged 7) in 1328.\n\n Laurence Hastings, 1st Earl of Pembroke (aged about 9/10), was married to Agnes Mortimer (aged about 11/12) in 1328 or 1329. Laurence was a ward of Agnes's father, Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March.\n\n Charles IV, King of Bohemia (aged about 12/13; later Holy Roman Emperor), was married to Blanche of Valois (aged about 12/13) in 1329.\n\n Reginald II, Duke of Guelders (aged about 16), was married to Sophia Berthout in 1311. After Sophia's death in 1329, he married Eleanor of Woodstock (aged 13) in 1332, when he was about 37-years-old.\n\n John, Duke of Normandy (aged 13), was married to Bonne of Luxembourg (aged 17) in July 1332.\n\n Andrew of Hungary (aged 6) was married to the future Joanna I of Naples (aged about 6/7) in 1333.\n\n William IV, Count of Holland (aged 10/11), was married to Joanna of Brabant (aged 11/12) in 1334.\n\n Marie de Namur (aged about 13/14) was married to Henry II, Graf of Vianden, in 1335/36. Henry was murdered in 1337; about three years later, in 1340, Marie (now about 17/18) was married to Theobald of Bar, Seigneur de Pierrepont (aged about 25/26), her second cousin, once removed.\n\n Philip of Burgundy (aged about 14/15) was married to Joan I, Countess of Auvergne (aged about 11/12), circa 1338.\n\n William Montagu (aged 12) was married to Joan of Kent (aged 13) in either late 1340 or early 1341. In 1348, it was revealed that Joan had secretly married Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent, in 1340; and, as a result, Montagu's marriage to Joan was annulled.\n\n Gaston III, Count of Foix (aged 16/17), was married to Agnes of Navarre (aged 13/14) in 1348.\n\n Charles V of France (aged 12) was married Joanna of Bourbon (aged 12) to in April 1350.\n\n Thomas de Vere, 8th Earl of Oxford (aged about 15), was married to Maud de Ufford (born 1345/46) sometime before 10 June 1350, when Maud was about 5-years-old.\n\n Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence (aged 13/14), was married to Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster (aged 20), in 1352.\n\n Philip I, Duke of Burgundy (aged 10/11), was married to the future Margaret III, Countess of Flanders (aged 6/7), in 1357.\n\n Richard Fitzalan (aged 12/13) was married to Elizabeth de Bohun (aged about 9) in 1359.\n\n John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (aged 11), was married to Margaret of England (aged 12), daughter of Henry III of England, in 1359.\n\n Gian Galeazzo Visconti (aged 8) was married to Isabella of Valois (aged 11/12) in October 1360, about a week before Gian's 9th birthday.\n\n Albert III, Duke of Austria (aged 16/17), was married to Elisabeth of Bohemia (aged 7/8) in 1366.\n\n Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March (aged 15/16), was married to Philippa of Clarence (aged 12/13) in 1368.\n\n The future Charles III of Navarre (aged 13/14) was married to Eleanor of Castile (aged about 12) in May 1375.\n\n John V, Lord of Arkel (aged 14), was married to Joanna of Jülich in October 1376.\n\n John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke (aged 8), was married to Elizabeth of Lancaster (aged 17) in 1380. The marriage remained unconsummated due to John's age, and was annulled after Elizabeth became pregnant by John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter, whom she later married.\n\n Henry Bolingbroke (aged 13; later King Henry IV of England) was married to Mary de Bohun (aged about 10/11) in 1380.\n\n Richard II of England (aged 15) was married to Anne of Bohemia (aged 15) in January 1382.\n\n John, Count of Nevers (aged 14) was married to Margaret of Bavaria (aged 21/22) in April 1385.\n\n The future John V, Duke of Brittany (aged 6/7), was married to Joan of France (aged 4/5) in 1396.\n\n John of Perche (aged 10/11) was married to Marie of Brittany (aged 5) in July 1396.\n\n15th century \n Louis, Duke of Guyenne (aged 7), married Margaret of Nevers (aged 10) in August 1404.\nCharles, Duke of Orléans (aged 11), married his cousin Isabella of Valois (aged 16) in June 1406.\n\n Philip the Good (aged 12) was married to Michelle of Valois (aged 14) in June 1409.\n\n John, Duke of Touraine (aged 16), was married to Jacqueline of Hainaut (aged 14) in 1415.\n\n John IV, Duke of Brabant (aged 14), was married to Jacqueline of Hainaut (aged 16) in March 1418, following her first husband's death the year before.\n\n John II, Duke of Alençon (aged 15), married Joan of Valois (aged 15), daughter of Charles, Duke of Orléans, in 1424.\n\n Louis, Dauphin of France (aged 12), was married to Margaret Stewart (aged 11), daughter of James I of Scotland, in June 1436. The wedding took place a little over a week before Louis's thirteenth birthday.\n\n Henry IV of Castile (aged 14/15) was married to his cousin Blanche of Navarre (aged 15/16) in 1440.\n\n Afonso V of Portugal (aged 15) was married to Isabel of Coimbra (aged 15) in May 1447.\n\n John de la Pole (age 7) was married to Margaret Beaufort, (age 7; approximately) in 1450 by the arrangement John's father. The marriage was annulled in 1453.\n\n Ferdinand II of Aragon (aged 17) was married to his second cousin Infanta Isabella of Castile (aged 18; later Isabella I of Castile) in 1469. They became the parents of Catherine of Aragon.\n\n John, Prince of Portugal (aged 14) was married to his first cousin Eleanor of Viseu (aged 11) in January 1470.\n\n Louis, Duke of Orléans (aged 14) was married to his cousin Joan of France, Duchess of Berry (age 12), in 1476.\n\n Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York (age 4), was married to Anne de Mowbray, 8th Countess of Norfolk (age 6), in 1477. She died at age 10 and he, as one of the Princes in the Tower, is believed to have been murdered at age 10.\n\n Afonso, Prince of Portugal (aged about 15), was married by proxy to Isabella of Aragon (aged 19) in the spring of 1490.\n\n16th century \n Arthur, Prince of Wales (aged 15), was married to Catherine of Aragon (aged 15) in 1501. He died a few months later and she eventually married his younger brother, Henry VIII of England.\n\n Charles, Count of Montpensier (aged 15), was married to Suzanne, Duchess of Bourbon (aged 14), in 1505.\n\n Henry VIII of England (aged 17), married Catherine of Aragon (aged 23) in June 1509, a couple of weeks before his 18th birthday.\n\n Claude, Duke of Guise (aged 16), was married to Antoinette de Bourbon (aged 18) in 1513.\n\n Henry, Duke of Orléans (aged 14), was married to Catherine de' Medici (aged 14) in 1533.\n\n Henry Grey, Marquess of Dorset (aged 15/16), was married to Lady Frances Brandon (aged 15/16) in 1533.\n\n Henry Clifford (aged 17/18) was married to Lady Eleanor Brandon (aged 15/16) in 1535.\n\n Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma (aged 14), grandson of Pope Paul III, was married to Margaret of Parma (aged 15), illegitimate daughter of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, in November 1538.\n\n Philip, Prince of Asturias (aged 16; later Philip II of Spain), was married to Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal (aged 16), in 1543.\n\n João Manuel, Prince of Portugal (aged 14), was married to his double first cousin Joanna of Austria (aged 16) in 1552.\n\n Lord Guildford Dudley (aged about 17/18) was married to Lady Jane Grey (aged about 16/17) in 1553.\n\n Henry, Lord Herbert, was at most 15-years-old, was married to Lady Katherine Grey (aged 12), younger sister of Lady Jane Grey, in 1553. The marriage was annulled in 1554.\n\n Francis, Dauphin of France (aged 13/14), was married to Mary, Queen of Scots (aged 15/16), in 1558. The pair had been betrothed since Mary was five and Francis was three.\n\n Charles III, Duke of Lorraine (aged 15), was married to Claude of France (aged 11), daughter of Henry II of France, in 1559.\n\n17th century \n Alfonso, Hereditary Prince of Modena (aged 16/17), was married to Isabella of Savoy (aged 16) in 1608.\n\n César, Duke of Vendôme (aged 14), was married to Françoise de Lorraine (aged 15/16) in July 1608.\n\n Frederick V, Elector Palatine (aged 16), married Elizabeth Stuart (aged 16), eldest daughter of James VI and I and Anne of Denmark, in 1613.\n\n Louis XIII of France (aged 14) was married to his second cousin Anne of Austria (aged 14) in November 1615.\n\n The future Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria (aged 14), was married to Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy (aged 14) in December 1650.\n\n The future William II, Prince of Orange (aged 15), married Mary, Princess Royal (aged 9), in 1641. The marriage was reported to not have been consummated for a number of years due to the bride's age.\n\n Walter Scott of Highchester (aged 14) was married to Mary Scott, 3rd Countess of Buccleuch (aged 11), in 1659.\n\n James Crofts, 1st Duke of Monmouth (aged 14), illegitimate son of Charles II of England and his mistress Lucy Walter, was married to Anne Scott, 1st Duchess of Buccleuch (aged 12), in April 1663.\n\n Sir Edward Lee (aged 14) was married to Lady Charlotte FitzRoy (aged 13) in 1677. They had been betrothed since 1674, before Charlotte's tenth birthday.\n\n Ivan V of Russia (aged 17) was married to Praskovia Saltykova (aged 18/19) in either late 1683 or early 1684.\n\n Louis, Prince of Condé (aged 16), was married to his distant cousin Louise Françoise de Bourbon (aged 11) in 1685.\n\n Philippe, Duke of Chartres (aged 17), married his first cousin Françoise Marie de Bourbon (aged 14), legitimated daughter of Louis XIV, in February 1692.\n\n Louis, Duke of Burgundy (aged 15), was married to Marie Adélaïde of Savoy (aged 12) in December 1697.\n\n18th century \n Philip V of Spain (aged 17) was married to Maria Luisa Gabriela of Savoy (aged 12) in September 1701, five days before Maria Luisa's 13th birthday.\n\n Louis Armand II, Prince of Conti (aged 17), was married to Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon (aged 19) in July 1713.\n\n Jules, Prince of Soubise (aged 17), was married to Anne Julie de Melun (aged 15/16) in September 1714.\n\n Louis, Prince of Asturias (aged 14), was married by proxy to Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans (aged 11) in November 1721.\n\n Louis XV of France (aged 15) was married to Marie Leszczyńska (aged 22) in 1725.\n\n José, Prince of Brazil (aged 14), was married to Infanta Mariana Victoria of Spain (aged 10) in January 1729.\n\n Louis François, Prince of Conti (aged 14), was married to Louise Diane d'Orléans (aged 15) in January 1732.\n\n Gaston, Count of Marsan (aged 17), was married to Marie Louise de Rohan (aged 16) in June 1736.\n\n Ercole Rinaldo d'Este (aged 13/14) was married to Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina, Duchess of Massa (aged 15/16) in 1741.\n\n Louis, Dauphin of France (aged 15), was married to Infanta Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain (aged 18) in 1744. After Maria Teresa's death in early 1746, Louis was required to remarry quickly in order to secure the succession to the French crown. Thus, he married again in February 1747, at the age of 17, to Duchess Maria Josepha of Saxony (aged 15).\n\n Peter of Holstein-Gottorp (later Peter III of Russia) was 17-years-old when he married his 16-year-old second cousin Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst (later known as Catherine the Great) in 1745.\n\n Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé (aged 16), was married to Charlotte de Rohan (aged 15) in 1753.\n\n Christian VII of Denmark (aged 17) was married to Princess Caroline Matilda of Great Britain (aged 15) in 1766.\n\n Ferdinand IV & III of Naples and Sicily (aged 17) was married by proxy to Maria Carolina of Austria (aged 15) in April 1768.\n\n Louis Henri, Duke of Enghien (aged 14), was married to Bathilde d'Orléans (aged 19) in 1770.\n\n Louis-Auguste, Dauphin of France (aged 15), was married to Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria (aged 14; later known as Marie Antoinette) in April 1770.\n\n Louis Stanislas, Count of Provence (aged 15; the future King Louis XVIII of France), was married to Marie Joséphine of Savoy (aged 17) in 1771.\n\n Charles Philippe, Duke of Artois (aged 16; later Charles X of France), was married to Princess Maria Theresa of Savoy (aged 17) in 1773.\n\n The future Alexander I of Russia (aged 15) married Princess Louise of Baden (aged 14) in 1793.\n\n19th century\n Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias (aged 17; later Ferdinand VII of Spain), was married to his first cousin Princess Maria Antonia of Naples and Sicily (aged 17) in October 1802, about a week before his 18th birthday.\n\n Tokugawa Iemochi (aged 15) was married to Chikako, Princess Kazu (aged 15), daughter of Emperor Ninkō, in February 1862.\n\nCeremonial marriages\n\nSanele Masilela, a nine year old South African boy married 62-year-old Helen Shabangu.\nJose Griggs, at the age of seven, married nine-year-old Jayla Cooper\n\nSee also\nList of child brides\nTeen marriage\n\nReferences\n\nLists of men\nHusbands", "Lachlan Og MacLean, 1st Laird of Torloisk was the second son of Sir Lachlan Mor Maclean and the first Laird of Torloisk.\n\nBiography\nHe was the second son of Sir Lachlan Mor Maclean, and he received from his father a charter of the lands of Lehire-Torloisk, forfeited by the son of Ailean nan Sop, which was afterward confirmed by royal grant. He was present at the Battle of Gruinnart, and was severely wounded. He was a witness to a charter given by his father to Martin MacGillivray of Pennyghael, and subscribed himself in the Irish characters, Mise Lachin Mhac Gilleoin. He was an important man in his day, and was so influential that he was compelled to make his appearance before the privy council.\n\nHe was first married to Marian, daughter of Sir Duncan Campbell of Achnabreck and had:\nHector MacLean, 2nd Laird of Torloisk\nHe was a second time married to Margaret, daughter of Captain Stewart of Dumbarton, but had no children. \nHe was a third time married to Marian, daughter of Donald MacDonald of Clanranald, and had:\nHector Maclean\nLachlan Og Maclean, who died unmarried but had a son Donald Maclean\nLachlan Catanach Maclean was killed at Inverkeithing\nEwen Maclean\nJohn Diuriach Maclean married the daughter of John Maclean, Laird of Ardgour and had Allan and several daughters\nOther children include: \nAllan Maclean who died unmarried at Harris\nNeil Maclean who married a daughter of Lochbuie, by whom he had a daughter\nLachlan, who died a lieutenant-colonel in the British service\nJannet Maclean, married Hector, first MacLean of Kinlochaline \nMary Maclean, married John Garbh, eldest son of John Dubh of Morvern \nCatherine Maclean, married John, brother to MacNeil of Barra\nJulian Maclean, married Allan MacLean, brother of Lochbuie\nIsabella Maclean, married Martin MacGillivray of Pennyghael\n\nLachlan Og lived to an advanced age, and was succeeded by his eldest son, Hector MacLean, 2nd Laird of Torloisk.\n\nReferences\n\nYear of birth missing\nYear of death missing\nLachlan Og MacLean, 1st Laird of Torloisk\nLachlan" ]

[ "Henry Irving", "Peak years" ]

[ "Tropical Storm Irving, known in the Philippines as Tropical Depression Edeng, was an early-season tropical cyclone that struck southern Japan during August 1992. A distinct but weak low-pressure area developed within the Western Pacific monsoon trough. A tropical depression formed on July 31, and following an increase in both organization and thunderstorm activity, the depression attained tropical storm intensity on the morning of August 2. After tracking west-northwest and then north, Irving turned to the northeast, and attained peak intensity a day later. In response to a subtropical ridge to the north, the system began to track west-northwestward, and made landfall at maximum intensity over southwestern Shikoku at peak intensity. Irving turned sharply to the west and rapidly weakened, dissipating over the Korea Strait at noon on August 5.\n\nTropical Storm Irving was the first of two successive systems to move over the Japanese archipelago. Two people were reported missing in Wakayama prefecture. A swimmer was reported missing and two other people were killed offshore Kyōtango due to high waves. Overall, 51 flights linking Osaka and Shikoku were cancelled while ferry services between the Kansai region and Shikoku were also suspended. Damage was estimated at 601 million (US$4.74 million).\n\nMeteorological history\n\nThe final tropical cyclone to develop during July 1992, Tropical Storm Irving originated from a distinct but weak low-pressure area embedded in the Western Pacific monsoon trough that extended from the South China Sea to the central Philippine Sea. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) starting following the system at 06:00 UTC on July 30. Thunderstorm activity steadily increased; however, multiple low-level circulations remained present. On July 31, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) upgraded the system into a tropical depression. The development of curved cloud lines on satellite imagery prompted to the JTWC to issue a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert at 08:02 UTC. Following an improvement of the system's structure, the JTWC upgraded the system into a tropical depression, and the first warning was issued. A hurricane hunter aircraft investigated the system and discovered that the low-level circulation was further north than what was inferred from the satellite data. The depression slowly tracked northward near the western periphery of a subtropical ridge. Early on August 2, the JMA classified the depression as a tropical storm. Meanwhile, the JTWC upgraded the depression into Tropical Storm Irving, based on an increase in atmospheric convection near the center and Dvorak satellite estimates.\n\nAfter tracking north-northeast, Irving then turned northeast. On the morning of August 3, the JMA upgraded Irving into a severe tropical storm. According to the JTWC, the cyclone attained typhoon intensity that evening. At the same time, the JMA estimated that Irving attained its peak intensity of and a barometric pressure of . According to the JTWC, Irving continued to intensify in contrast to forecasts and attained a peak intensity of at 00:00 UTC on August 4, in agreement with surface observations. However, this period of intensification was not observed during real time by the JTWC; operationally, the organization estimated maximum winds of , based on Dvorak intensity estimates. At the time of peak intensity, visible satellite imagery showed an elliptic eye in diameter. With a subtropical ridge established to the north, the tropical cyclone began to track west-northwestward. Upon making landfall over southwestern Shikoku at peak intensity, Irving turned sharply to the west and rapidly weakened. The JTWC and JMA downgraded Irving to a tropical storm on August 4 as it interacted with land. After weakening to a tropical depression later that day, Irving dissipated over the Korea Strait near Pusan. The JMA ceased watching the remnants of the system midday on August 5.\n\nImpact\nTropical Storm Irving was the first of two successive systems to move over the Japanese archipelago, with Typhoon Jannis succeeding it. The storm dropped heavy rainfall across much of the Japanese archipelago. A peak rainfall total of occurred at Nagaoka District. During a 24-hour time period, fell in Hidegadake. A peak hourly rainfall total of was observed in Odochi. A wind gust of was recorded in Tosashimizu.\n\nAcross Tokushima Prefecture, there were four landslides and roads were cut in two places. Two people suffered injuries in Kōchi Prefecture. Damage was estimated at ¥514 million, of which ¥447 million was due to of crop damage. Roads were cut in 89 spots and 1,180 customers lost power for half an hour. Strong winds also downed many trees and all transport in the prefecture was halted. Irving passed quite close to Oita Prefecture; however, the storm's small size limited damage. Twenty-five flights were cancelled at Fukuoka Airport and two more were cancelled at Kitakyushu Airport. Ten ferries were cancelled in Fukuoka Prefecture. Roads were damaged in 17 spots in Wakayama prefecture, where two people were reported missing due to rough seas. Two Okayama Airport flights were cancelled. A swimmer was reported missing and two other individuals were killed offshore Kyōtango due to high waves. A total of of crops were damaged in Kyoto Prefecture, amounting to ¥87 million. Overall, 51 flights linking Osaka and Shikoku were cancelled and ferry services between the Kansai region and Shikoku were also suspended. Damage was estimated at ¥601 million.\n\nSee also\n\nTropical Storm Harry (1991) - similar early-season tropical cyclone that struck Japan\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nI\nI\nI\nI", "Roman Holiday is a jukebox musical with music and lyrics by Cole Porter, and a book by Paul Blake. Based on the 1953 film of the same name, the musical tells the story of a young European princess and the American reporter who inadvertently aids in her escape from a whirlwind European tour, resulting in 24 hours spent in Italy's capital.\n\nProductions \nRoman Holiday: the Cole Porter Musical debuted at The Muny in St. Louis, Missouri on July 9, 2001. There was a reading for the Guthrie Theatre 2012 production starring Laura Osnes and John Behlmann. A production of Roman Holiday opened the Guthrie Theatre in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 2012 from June 9 to August 19 After a substantial book rewrite and recruiting a new director, the revised production announced a pre-broadway run at the Golden Gate Theatre in San Francisco during May–June 2017, starring Stephanie Styles and Drew Gehling.\n\nMusical numbers\nGuthrie Theater\n\n Act I\n \"Overture\"\n \"Once Upon a Time\" – Princess\n \"I’m Throwing a Ball Tonight\" – Joe, Ensemble\n \"Experiment\" – Countess, Princess\n \"Why Shouldn’t I?\" – Princess\n \"Ace In the Hole\" – Joe, Ensemble\n \"Let’s Be Buddies\" – Joe, Princess\n \"Look What I Found\" – Joe, Princess, Ensemble\n \"Wouldn’t It Be Fun?\" – Irving, Princess, Joe\n \"Most Gentlemen Don’t Like Love\" – Francesca, Princess\n \"Ridin’ High\" – Joe, Princess, Ensemble\n\n Act II\n \"Entr’acte\"\n \"A Picture of Me Without You\" – Joe, Princess, Irving\n \"Use Your Imagination\" – Princess, Joe\n \"Just One of Those Things\" – Francesca, Male Quartet\n \"Easy to Love\" – Joe\n \"Ev’ry Time We Say Goodbye\" – Princess, Joe\n \"I Sleep Easier Now\" – Countess \n \"Night and Day\" – Joe\n \"Experiment (Reprise)\" – Princess\n\nGolden Gate Theatre\n\n Act I\n \"Why Shouldn’t I\" – Princess\n \"You Do Something to Me\" – Francesca and Ensemble\n \"Take Me Back to Manhattan\" – Joe, Irving and Ensemble\n \"Let’s Step Out\" – Princess\n \"Let’s Step Out (Reprise)\" – Princess\n \"Experiment\" – Joe\n \"Experiment Ballet\" – Princess, Joe and Ensemble\n \"Look What I Found\" – Joe, Princess and Ensemble\n \"Night and Day\" – Irving and Francesca\n \"Look What I Found (Reprise)\" – Princess, Joe and Irving\n \"Ridin’ High\" – Joe, Princess and Ensemble\n \"Why Shouldn’t I (Reprise)\" – Princess\n\n Act II\n \"Most Gentlemen Don’t Like Love\" – Francesca and Ladies\n \"Night and Day (Reprise)\" – Irving\n \"Use Your Imagination\" – Princess and Joe\n \"Begin the Beguine\" – Francesca and Men\n \"You Do Something to Me (Reprise)\" – Irving and Francesca\n \"Easy to Love\" – Joe\n \"Goodbye, Little Dream\" – Princess\n \"Just One of Those Things\" – Princess and Joe\n \"Experiment (Reprise)\" – Princess\n\nCharacters and original cast\n\nReferences\n\n2001 musicals\nCole Porter\nJukebox musicals\nMusicals based on films" ]

[ "Henry Irving", "Peak years", "What did Irving act in during his peak years?", "In 1878, Irving entered into a partnership with actress Ellen Terry and re-opened the Lyceum" ]

[ "Anton Edler von Gapp (March 24, 1778 – April 1, 1862) was an Austrian lawyer, professor of law and in 1821 the Rector of the Olomouc Lyceum.\n\nAfter finishing his law studies in 1806 von Gapp went to teach as a substitute at the (standard) Lyceum in Linz. He became professor at the lyceum in 1810. In 1816 he moved to Olomouc, where he became professor of Roman and canonical law at the (academic) Lyceum (now Palacký University of Olomouc). He was the director of the faculty of law between the years 1826–34, and in 1821 he was the rector of the Olomouc Lyceum. In years 1835–1848 he was teaching Roman law at the Faculty of Law of University of Vienna.\n\nHis son was Wesener Gapp.\n\nWorks\n\nSources \nGerhard Köbler:Österreich\n\n1778 births\n1862 deaths\nAustrian lawyers\nAustrian jurists\nAustrian educators\nEdlers of Austria\n19th-century Austrian lawyers\nPalacký University Olomouc faculty\nRectors of the Palacký University Olomouc", "Samuel Johnson (1830–15 February 1900) was an actor-manager and Shakespearean actor of the 19th century and a member of Henry Irving's Company at the Lyceum Theatre, for which he played the comedy roles.\n\nEarly career\nBorn in Ayrshire, Sam Johnson was one of at least seven children born to the actor Samuel Johnson and Isabella (née Elliott). Most of his siblings were actors, while one brother was a scene painter. He first appeared on stage at the Maryport Theatre in Cumberland in 1844 as Bartolo in The Wife. In 1845 he and his two sisters went to Belfast and joined Cunningham's company at the Theatre Royal. In 1846 he and his sister, the actress Barbara Johnson, were appearing in Belfast. In December 1846 Barbara Johnson married the actor John W. Anson. The three, together with two others from the Belfast company, moved to Scotland where they formed a new company, of which John Anson was manager. From early 1847 in the Perth area, they appeared in towns with a repertory of plays so that the audience of each town could see several plays in a week. Barbara Anson took the lead female roles, and John Anson and Samuel Johnson shared the low comedy parts. Late in 1847 the trio played in the Dundee area.\n\nFrom 1853 to 1855 he was in partnership with John Coleman, and the two rented theatres in Stockport, Oldham (where over 2,000 applicants responded to their advert for actors), Cambridge and Sheffield. On leaving the partnership Johnson appeared at the Lyceum Theatre in Sunderland and the Theatre Royal in Newcastle. The New Royal Lyceum Theatre re-opened in Sunderland in 1856 with a production of Bulwer Lytton's play Richelieu, in which Johnson played the Governor and the 18-year-old Henry Irving played Gaston, Duke of Orleans. When the inexperienced Irving got stage fright and was hissed off the stage, Johnson was among those who supported Irving with practical advice. Later in life Irving gave them all regular work when he formed his own company at the Lyceum Theatre.\n\nLondon and Dublin\nJohnson made his London stage début at a Savage Club performance at the Lyceum Theatre as Cassim Baba in The Forty Thieves. He then joined the company at Astley's Amphitheatre, appearing in plays and farces until early 1860. From 1860 to late 1862 Johnson was in Edinburgh where he played low comedy roles and Scottish characters, and from April to December 1862 he was actor-manager of the new Theatre Royal at St Helens. During 1863 he appeared at the St James's Theatre in The Carte de Visite and played Spilliken in H.J. Byron's Goldenhair the Good and Leontes in William Brough's burlesque Perdita, the title role being played by Marie Wilton.\n\nFrom 1864 to 1873 Johnson was a member of the Company of the Theatre Royal in Dublin. Here, among other roles, he played the Gravedigger in Hamlet (1864), and M'Nally in the first performance of Dion Boucicault's Arrah-na-Pogue (1864), with Boucicault, John Brougham and Samuel Anderson Emery in the cast.\n\nLyceum Theatre\n\nFrom 1874 to 1878 Johnson was actor and stage manager with Mr. Warden's Company in Belfast, touring with the company to Edinburgh and Glasgow in a series of old comedies. With his daughter Isa Johnson he appeared in a number of Easter pantomimes. In August 1878 he was at the Lyceum Theatre in London as Police Sergeant Tollit in Mary Warner.\n\nImmediately after this play finished, the Lyceum was taken over by Henry Irving who asked Johnson to join his new company at the theatre. Johnson stayed with Irving's Lyceum Theatre Company until 1899, playing in twenty-three productions, and went to America on five of the Lyceum tours. While many of his roles with the company were small, John Martin-Harvey described him as the acknowledged Shakespearean clown of his day, and his Lancelot Gobbo in The Merchant of Venice, Dogberry in Much Ado About Nothing (1882 and 1893) and Gravedigger in Hamlet reflect this.\n\nFor Irving, Johnson played Mr. Wardle in Jingle, Sancho Panza in Don Quixote, Samson Rawbold in The Iron Chest, Farmer Flamborough in Olivia (opposite Hermann Vezin as Dr. Primrose), Jock Howieson in The King and the Miller (1890 and 1895), Choppard in The Lyons Mail, and played in Eugene Aram and Faust. He was Feste in Twelfth Night, Colonna in The Corsican Brothers (1880 and 1891), Countryman in Becket (1893 and 1894), Marcel in Louis XI (1890), Porter in Macbeth (1895) and Hans in The Bells (1891 to 1898). His daughter Isa Johnson played Annette in The Bells for a few performances at the Lyceum and went on one of the company's provincial tours.\n\nLast years\n\nIn February 1899 Johnson played Mr. Stryver in The Only Way, again at the Lyceum Theatre but now under John Martin-Harvey as manager. Not feeling in the best of health, Johnson decided not to join the sixth Lyceum tour to America, appearing instead in his last role as Meester van Speenen in The Black Tulip with Cyril Maude and Winifred Emery at the Theatre Royal Haymarket in a production that ran for 77 performances and which closed on 6 January 1900.\n\nA heavy drinker, Johnson died of cirrhosis of the liver on 15 February 1900 at 29, Weltje Road in Hammersmith in London.\n\nPersonal life\nHe married Mary Ann Hornby on 10 July 1858 at Marske-by-the-Sea. The couple had a son, Samuel Forster Johnson (1859–1860), and a daughter, the actress Isabella 'Isa' Elizabeth Johnson (1861–1941). A Freemason, he was a Past Master of Asaph Lodge.\n\nJohnson is buried in Brookwood Cemetery with his wife, son and daughter and in the same plot as his sister and her husband, John W. Anson. The funeral was attended by his brother John Johnson and by actors and others from Asaph Lodge, Logic Club, Genesius Club, the Actors' Association, the Lyceum Benevolent Fund and the Actors' Benevolent Fund. Henry Irving and other members of the Lyceum Theatre Company were still on tour in America and were therefore not able to attend.\n\nReferences\n\n1830 births\n1900 deaths\nActor-managers\n19th-century British male actors\nEnglish male stage actors\nEnglish male Shakespearean actors\nBritish male stage actors\nBurials at Brookwood Cemetery\nScottish Freemasons\n19th-century theatre managers" ]

[ "Henry Irving", "Peak years", "What did Irving act in during his peak years?", "In 1878, Irving entered into a partnership with actress Ellen Terry and re-opened the Lyceum", "What was his role at the Lyceum?", "re-opened the Lyceum under his own management." ]

[ "What Shadows is a play by Chris Hannan.\n\nThe play premiered in The STUDIO at Birmingham Repertory Theatre running from 27 October to 12 November 2016. The cast included Ian McDiarmid as Enoch Powell and directed by Roxana Silbert.\n\nThe play was revived at the Royal Lyceum Theatre, Edinburgh from 7 to 23 September before transferring to the Park Theatre, London from 27 September to 28 October 2017. McDiarmid reprised his role as Powell.\n\nBritish political plays\nPlays based on real people\n2016 plays\nEnoch Powell", "Tipping the Velvet is a play based on the 1998 novel of the same name by Sarah Waters, adapted for the stage by Laura Wade. It received its world premiere at the Lyric Hammersmith, in September 2015, before transferring to the Royal Lyceum Theatre, Edinburgh the following month with whom it is a co-production.\n\nProduction history\nTipping the Velvet has been adapted for the stage by Laura Wade, based on the 1998 novel of the same name by Sarah Waters. The novel was previously adapted into a BBC television series in 2002. On 14 April 2015, it was announced the play would receive its world premiere the same year and would begin previews at the Lyric Hammersmith on 18 September 2015, with an official opening night on 28 September, booking for a limited period until 24 October. The adaption had been in production for around four years.\n\nThe play is directed by Lyndsey Turner, with choreography by Alistair David, design by Lizzie Clachan, lighting design by Jon Clark, music by Michael Bruce and sound by Nick Manning. Following its premiere production the play is scheduled to transfer to the Royal Lyceum Theatre, Edinburgh, as part of the 50th anniversary season of the Royal Lyceum Theatre company, where it will run from 28 October to 14 November 2015. A typical performance runs two hours and 54 minutes, including one interval of 20 mins.\n\nSpeaking about her novel being adapted Waters said she was \"thrilled\" and that she could \"think of no better setting for the play than the lush Lyric interior or the beautiful Lyceum in Edinburgh, and no more exciting creative talents than those of writer Laura Wade and director Lyndsey Turner.\" In addition Sean Holmes the artistic director of the Lyric speaking about what he commissioned the piece said that “What’s so brilliant about the novel is it is such an upfront, unapologetic celebration of sexuality that just happens to be between two women. “Obviously it’s set at a time when that’s frowned upon but it’s also just really about the journey to love and sexual discovery and the massive, formative journey that applies to everyone, whatever your sexuality is, and yet you never see portrayed between gay women.”\n\nPrincipal roles and original cast\n\nReferences\n\n2015 plays\nPlays based on novels\nLGBT-related plays" ]

[ "Henry Irving", "Peak years", "What did Irving act in during his peak years?", "In 1878, Irving entered into a partnership with actress Ellen Terry and re-opened the Lyceum", "What was his role at the Lyceum?", "re-opened the Lyceum under his own management.", "What plays did the Lyceum put on under his leadership?", "he revived Hamlet and produced The Merchant of Venice (1879)." ]

[ "Shakespeare is a feature on Earth's Moon, a crater in Taurus–Littrow valley. Astronauts Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt landed southwest of it in 1972, on the Apollo 17 mission. They did not visit it, but in fact drove around it during EVA 3.\n\nTo the south is Van Serg, to the northeast is Cochise, and to the northwest is a crater unofficially called Henry on some maps.\n\nThe crater was named by the astronauts after English playwright William Shakespeare.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nGeological Investigation of the Taurus–Littrow Valley: Apollo 17 Landing Site\nShakespeare at The Moon Wiki\n\nImpact craters on the Moon\nApollo 17", "Clement Mansfield Ingleby (29 October 1823 – 26 September 1886) was an English Shakespearian scholar.\n\nEarly life and education\n\nClement Ingleby was born at Edgbaston near Birmingham, the son of a lawyer. Poor health – he was not expected to live long – kept him from attending school, so he was privately educated at home. He went to Trinity College, Cambridge, when twenty years old, and specialised in mathematics. He received his B.A. in 1847 and his M.A. in 1850. Returning to Birmingham he went to work in his father's law office, and then became a partner in the firm of Ingleby, Wragge, and Ingleby (now Wragge & Co LLP). In spite of his poor health he devoted his spare time to metaphysics, mathematics, and English literature.\n\nIn 1850 Ingleby married Sarah Oakes (d. 3 January 1906).\n\nClass in logic\nIn 1855 the Birmingham and Midland Institute was established, an experiment in continuing adult education. Ingleby took on giving a class in logic and metaphysics at the industrial branch. His methods were novel and the class was successful. A disciple of William Hamilton, Ingleby focused on the most current views, even obtaining from Hamilton his yet-unpublished improvements. Urged by his students, Ingleby issued Outlines of Theoretical Logic in 1856 as a textbook in the subject. It was his first published volume.\n\nCollier Shakespeare controversy \nIn the 1850s documents discovered by John Payne Collier bearing on Elizabethan stage history in general and Shakespeare's life in particular fell under suspicion. Re-examination of several documents showed them to be out-and-out forgeries, forgeries so obvious it was difficult to see how Collier could have been deceived by them. One item of particular interest, the Perkins Folio, had never been examined by anybody besides Collier. It contained many corrections in what appeared to be a 16th-century hand that Collier suggested might be based on stage tradition. Ingleby, along with Sir Frederick Madden, who put the resources of the British Museum on the task, were finally able to examine the Perkins Folio in detail. They discovered—as was the case with others of the forgeries—modern pencil-marks under the supposedly ancient writing. The handwriting of these appeared to be Collier's.\n\nThe conclusion was inescapable—Collier himself must have forged these documents. In 1859 Ingleby published a small volume entitled The Shakespeare Fabrications, setting these facts forth dispassionately. (An appendix to this volume dealing with the Ireland Shakespeare forgeries, however, was later repudiated by the author.) Collier denied the allegations, but Ingleby's A Complete View of the Shakespeare Controversy closed the discussion, and Collier did not reply.\n\nMove to London\n\nIngleby abandoned law for literature in 1859, and removed from Birmingham to the neighbourhood of London. His early works were of a philosophical nature (his Introduction to Metaphysics in two parts came out in 1864 and 1869), but he is best known as the author of a long series of works on Shakespearian subjects. In 1874 appeared The Still Lion, enlarged in 1875 as Shakespeare Hermeneutics. This warned against needless emendation of Shakespeare's text and explained some alleged problems. In 1875 Shakespeare's Centurie of Prayse came out, a definitive collection of allusions to Shakespeare and his works between 1592 and 1692. Other contributions include Shakespeare: the Man and the Book (a collection of essays in two volumes, 1877 and 1881), Shakespeare's Bones (1882), and Shakespeare and the Enclosure of the Common Fields at Welcombe (1885).\n\nOther interests\n\nIngleby was also a musician (he sang Shakespearean songs as part of the 1864 tercentenary celebration of Shakespeare's birth in Birmingham), a chess enthusiast who contributed problems to Chess Player's Chronicle and the Illustrated London News, and a member of the Athenæum Club. At various times he was Secretary of the Birmingham and Edgbaston Chess Club and a Vice-President of the Royal Society of Literature.\n\nDeath\n\nIll-health had plagued him throughout his life, and in 1886 he became seriously ill. His edition of Cymbeline had just come out when he died on 26 September 1886.\n\nCharacter\n\nIngleby took a dark view of his own character: \"I am morally weak in many respects,\" he wrote. \"In some matters I have been systematically deceptive, and occasionally cowardly and treacherous. I am passionately fond of personal beauty; but on the whole, I dislike my kind, and my natural affections are weak\" Horace Howard Furness, however, wrote of him:\n\nSelected works\n Outlines of Theoretical Logic: Founded on the New Analytic of Sir William Hamilton, Cambridge, 1856.\n The Shakespeare Fabrications, London, 1859.\n A Complete View of the Shakspere Controversy, London, 1861.\n Was Thomas Lodge an Actor?, London, 1868.\n Reflections Historical and Critical on the Revival of Philosophy at Cambridge, 1870.\n The Shakspere Allusion Books, London, 1874.\n Shakespeare's Centurie of Prayse: Being Materials for a History of Opinion on Shakespeare and His Works, London, 1874; 2nd edition, 1879.\n Shakespeare Hermeneutics; Or, The Still Lion: Being an Essay Towards the Restoration of Shakespeare's Text, London, 1875.\n Shakespeare: The Man and the Book: Being a Collection of Occasional Papers on the Bard and His Writings; Part the First, London, 1877.\n Occasional Papers on Shakespeare, Being the Second Part of Shakespeare: The Man and the Book, London, 1881.\n Shakespeare's Bones: The Proposal to Disinter Them, Considered in Relation to their Possible Bearing on His Portraiture, London, 1883.\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nAttribution\n \n The entry cites as general references:\nA biographical sketch in Edgbastonia (1886);\nTimmins's Memoir in Shakespeariana (1886);\nprivate information.\n\nExternal links\n\n \n \n Works by Clement Mansfield Ingleby at Google Books\n Clement Mansfield Ingleby Material at The National Archives of the United Kingdom\n\n1823 births\n1886 deaths\nEnglish non-fiction writers\nEnglish male non-fiction writers\nShakespearean scholars\nPeople from Edgbaston\nEnglish male dramatists and playwrights" ]

[ "Henry Irving", "Peak years", "What did Irving act in during his peak years?", "In 1878, Irving entered into a partnership with actress Ellen Terry and re-opened the Lyceum", "What was his role at the Lyceum?", "re-opened the Lyceum under his own management.", "What plays did the Lyceum put on under his leadership?", "he revived Hamlet and produced The Merchant of Venice (1879).", "Did they put on anything besides Shakespeare?", "The Dead Heart, by Watts Phillips (1889); Ravenswood by Herman, and Merivales' dramatic version of Scott's Bride of Lammermoor" ]

[ "The Toronto Symphony Orchestra (TSO) was a Canadian orchestra based in Toronto, Ontario that was active during the first two decades of the 20th century under the leadership of conductor and pianist Frank Welsman. It was the first professional orchestra that existed for any notable length in the city of Toronto. After 13 seasons of performance, the orchestra folded in 1918 because of problems related to World War I. The current Toronto Symphony Orchestra is unrelated to this one.\n\nHistory\nThe TSO was founded in 1906 under the name the Toronto Conservatory Symphony Orchestra by Frank Welsman. The orchestra was originally formed as a student ensemble for the Toronto Conservatory of Music (TCM), and during its first two years the orchestra was made up of only students and faculty from the school. Faculty member and violinist Bertha Drechsler Adamson served as the orchestra's concertmistress.\n\nIn 1908 the TSO cut ties with the TCM and became an entirely professional orchestra that was governed by a board under the leadership of Toronto businessman H.C. Cox. The orchestra received financial support from the Massey family. At that time the orchestra was renamed the Toronto Symphony Orchestra. Welsman continued in his roles as conductor and artistic director and many of the conservatory's faculty members continued to play with the orchestra. Frank Blachford was appointed the new concertmaster and other professionals were hired at this time to raise the overall playing talent of the orchestra. Composer and cellist Leo Smith joined the orchestra in 1910 after leaving the orchestra of the Royal Opera House in London. He eventually became principal cellist of the ensemble and served as the author of the ensemble's program notes from 1910-1918. Some of the other notable musicians in the orchestra included Jack Arthur, Luigi Romanelli, and Harry Adaskin.\n\nTSO gave its first full season of professional concerts in 1908 at Massey Hall. The orchestra concerts were popular events among Toronto's social elite. The TSO attempted to reach a different audience by establishing extra concerts of popular music in 1909 with ticket prices at just 25 cents.\n\nDuring its history, the TSO mainly performed works from the standard German Classical and Romantic period repertoires, such as symphonies by Ludwig van Beethoven, Joseph Haydn, Felix Mendelssohn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Franz Schubert. In 1911 the ensemble gave a program entirely devoted to the works of Richard Wagner. Strangely absent from the orchestra's repertoire were the works of Johannes Brahms. The group also performed more rarely heard works such as both of Karl Goldmark's symphonies and Richard Strauss's Death and Transfiguration.\n\nOutside of the German repertoire, the TSO performed such works as Antonín Dvořák's Symphony No. 9, several symphonic works by Vasily Kalinnikov, and the final three symphonies by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky among others. In April 1911 the ensemble performed Edward Elgar's oratorio The Dream of Gerontius with the composer as guest conductor and the Sheffield Choir. A survey taken of audience members in 1913 revealed that the group's most popularly received works were Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 6, Mendelssohn's A Midsummer Night's Dream, and Franz Liszt's Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2.\n\nThe TSO was host to many important musicians. Sergei Rachmaninoff notably performed his own Piano Concerto No. 2 with the orchestra in 1914. Other notable guests included pianists Wilhelm Backhaus and Vladimir de Pachmann; singers Clara Butt, Johanna Gadski, Alma Gluck, Louise Homer, Leo Slezak, and Ernestine Schumann-Heink; and violinists Mischa Elman, Carl Flesch, Fritz Kreisler, and Eugène Ysaÿe.\n \nDuring World War I, the TSO began to experience financial difficulties and faced other war related problems affecting travel, audience attendance, and the ability to keep its players. Ultimately these problems compounded and the orchestra disbanded in 1918.\n\nReferences\n\nCanadian orchestras\nDisbanded orchestras\nMusical groups from Toronto\nMusical groups established in 1906\nMusical groups disestablished in 1918\n1906 establishments in Ontario\n1918 disestablishments in Ontario", "A throttle body spacer is usually a thick piece of metal that is bolted to the outlet of the throttle body of an automotive engine upstream of air flow into the manifold. By changing the airflow, this after-market add-on claims to be a performance enhancing accessory that can increase an engine's horse power, torque and fuel economy. It functions by swirling or directing the air flow to maximize air volume to the manifold. There is much debate about the veracity of the manufacturers' claims for these devices. The general consensus is that it works well on some engine configurations, and not at all or adversely on others. \n\nVehicle modifications\nEngine technology\nIn 2009 the BBK Performance R&D Department performed extensive dyno testing of off the shelf throttle body spacers from other manufacturers. The intention was to determine whether or not throttle body spacers were a viable product that BBK could manufacture that would provide notable results for their customers. The tests were performed on Ford 4.6L 3-V, GM LS, and Mopar HEMI V8 applications using a Dynojet 248C dynamometer. The tests consisted of a baseline dyno run, cool down period, and a repeat test after the spacers were installed. None of the spacers produced any additional horsepower or torque when tested. The only notable change was a loss of 4 horsepower to the tires on the Mopar application with the spacer installed. An additional test was run after removing the spacer, resulting in a return of the lost horsepower. Proving that some spacers can actually rob power from an engine. After seeing the results, it was clear that throttle body spacers were simply gimmicks and provided no real performance value. BBK scrapped all plans to manufacture throttle body spacers." ]

[ "Sandy Denny", "Early career" ]

[ "Lindsley Register is an American actress, producer and writer. She is best known for her role as Laura on The Walking Dead, and as Dharma on Six. She has also appeared in an episode of House of Cards.\n\nEarly life and education \nRegister was born and raised in Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, United States. She was brought up with two older brothers and a younger sister. She went to Liberty University, and it was not until Register ditched a major in Teaching English as a Second Language during college that she started to take acting seriously. Register had a very traditional conservative Baptist upbringing. During college, Register started acting in plays, and this made her fall in love with acting; she realized this was something she wanted to pursue. Acting really broadened her views and mindset; it made her think from a different perspective, rather than her own which she was brought up with her entire life. Having a mentor figure really helped her with this change. She eventually graduated with a double major in Theater performance and Theater Education, and it did not take very long for her to get going in the industry. Within her first year, she got an agent and secured roles on multiple shows and films.\n\nCareer \nDuring her first year after graduating from college, Register received a costarring role in episode 404 of House of Cards, portraying one of the protesters opposite to Kevin Spacey. This would help her get several more roles in indie films and other notable shows, such as The Haves and the Have Nots, where she plays as Karen, and Outcast. Her first series regular role came in the new History channel series Six. Most recently, she has become well known for her role as Laura in The Walking Dead. Register joined The Walking Dead cast during season 7 of the show, and has been a part of the show ever since. In a YouTube video posted during the production of season 8, Register revealed how being called up to The Walking Dead was one of the most terrifying, yet exciting challenges and moments in her career. In that video, she explained how huge the step up was with the massive production set, especially with the character of Laura in her words \"a stretch from who I am naturally\". However, none of this would harm her performance. On November 14, 2018, Register announced on her Facebook page that she was part of the movie Scorn, which is set to be released later this year. In addition to Register's acting career, Register is also a producer and writer, working as the writer and executive producer for the short films Morsus and Ave Maria. She is also the executive producer of the movie Scorn, in which she is also one of the main cast.\n\nFilmography\n\nReferences \n\n21st-century American actresses\nAmerican film actresses\nAmerican women film producers\nAmerican women screenwriters\nLiving people\nYear of birth missing (living people)\nActresses from Virginia\nScreenwriters from Virginia\nLiberty University alumni\nAmerican television actresses", "Guddi Maruti is an Indian actress best known for her comedy roles on TV and in Bollywood movies.\n\nEarly life \nMaruti was born to an actor-director father Marutirao Parab on 4 April 1961 Her real name is Tahira Parab and she was nicknamed Guddi. Manmohan Desai gave her the screen name which is what she is known by today.\n\nCareer \nMaruti started her career at the age of 10 years as a child artist in the film Jaan Haazir Hain. After her father's death, she continued acting to support the family. Due to her physical appearance, she bagged comedy roles in films and kept on going with her career.\n\nMaruti has acted in over 97 movies since the 1980s. Over the years, she acted in TV shows and is well known for her role as Bua in the TV show Doli Armano Ki. Her popular movies include Khiladi, Shola Aur Shabnam, Aashik Aawara, Dulhe Raja and Biwi No. 1. She did not take chances to get to mainstream acting to avoid risks of being unsuccessful.\n\nIn 1995, Maruti and Vrajesh Hirjee did a stand up comedy show, Sorry Meri Lorry, which also added to her fame.\n\nShe took a career break in 2006 and rejoined the film industry in 2015. She started her career again with the comedy movie Hum Sab Ullu Hain.\n\n Personal life\nMarried\n\n Filmography \n\n Television \n Idhar Udhar (1986) as Moti Shabnam\n Agadam Bagdam Tigdam (2007) as Rosie\n Mrs. Kaushik Ki Paanch Bahuein (2012) as Paddy Aunty\n Doli Armaano Ki (2013) as Bua\n Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai (2018–2019) as Principal Ma'am VJN College\n Hello Zindagi'' (2019) as Bijoya Di\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1959 births\nActresses in Hindi cinema\nIndian film actresses\nLiving people\nPlace of birth missing (living people)" ]

[ "Sandy Denny", "Early career", "How did she get started in her career?", "in September 1965, becoming involved with the folk club on campus." ]

[ "Tune in Tokyo is an Australia dance duo formed in 2010 by Australian Idol winner Natalie Gauci and producer Paul Brandoli. They are currently signed to Onelove Records, a dance sub-label of Sony BMG. Their debut single \"Dreamer\" did not appear on the ARIA Top 100, but reached #3 on the ARIA Club Charts.\n\nBackground\nIn 2010 Gauci formed Tune in Tokyo, an electro-pop and dance music band, with producer Paul Brandoli. As the group's lead singer, Gauci's look and sound had changed. She told the Daily Telegraph that she developed her new look and sound after hanging out in Melbourne's gay dance clubs with musician, and her then-husband, Hamish Cowan (Cordrazine). Gauci explained, \"That's where I came out of my shell. I didn't have anyone telling me what to do. Tune in Tokyo is just one part of what I want to do. We got a lot of feedback straight away, which was great because it gave me confidence about the project\". They released their debut single \"Dreamer\" in November 2010, followed by \"Ray of Love\" in April 2012.\n\nDiscography\n\nSingles\n\nReferences\n\nAustralian electronic dance music groups\nAustralian musical duos\nEnglish pop music groups\nMusical groups established in 2010\n2010 establishments in Australia", "\"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, Affection. It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \"My Apple Heart,\" \"Lay Me Down\" and \"Something's Happenin'.\" \"What Did I Do to You?\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and by the Grammy Award-winning American house music DJ and producer, David Morales. The single became a top forty hit in the European countries reaching number eighteen in Finland, number twenty in Ireland and number twenty-five in the United Kingdom. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was also released in Japan.\n\nIn 2014, the remixes of \"What Did I Do to You?\" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of Affection and on People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology. They were also featured on The Collection 1989–2003 box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales.\n\nCritical reception\nThe song received positive reviews from music critics. Matthew Hocter from Albumism viewed it as a \"upbeat offering\". David Giles from Music Week said it is \"beautifully performed\" by Stansfield. A reviewer from Reading Eagle wrote that \"What Did I Do to You?\" \"would be right at home on the \"Saturday Night Fever\" soundtrack.\"\n\nMusic video\nA music video was produced to promote the single, directed by Philip Richardson, who had previously directed the videos for \"All Around the World\" and \"Live Together\". It features Stansfield with her kiss curls, dressed in a white outfit and performing with her band on a stage in front of a jumping audience. The video was later published on Stansfield's official YouTube channel in November 2009. It has amassed more than 1,6 million views as of October 2021.\n\nTrack listings\n\n European/UK 7\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK/Japanese CD single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n UK 10\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix) – 5:52\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK 12\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 4:22\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 3:19\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:15\n\n UK 12\" promotional single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Anti Poll Tax Dub) – 6:31\n\n Other remixes\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Red Zone Mix) – 7:45\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nLisa Stansfield songs\n1990 singles\nSongs written by Lisa Stansfield\n1989 songs\nArista Records singles\nSongs written by Ian Devaney\nSongs written by Andy Morris (musician)" ]

[ "Sandy Denny", "Early career", "How did she get started in her career?", "in September 1965, becoming involved with the folk club on campus.", "What did she do in the club?", "After her first public appearance at the Barge in Kingston upon Thames Denny started working the folk club circuit in the evenings" ]

[ "Follow Me! is a series of television programmes produced by Bayerischer Rundfunk and the BBC in the late 1970s to provide a crash course in the English language. It became popular in many overseas countries as a first introduction to English; in 1983, one hundred million people watched the show in China alone, featuring Kathy Flower.\n\nThe British actor Francis Matthews hosted and narrated the series.\n\nThe course consists of sixty lessons. Each lesson lasts from 12 to 15 minutes and covers a specific lexis. The lessons follow a consistent group of actors, with the relationships between their characters developing during the course.\n\nFollow Me! actors\n Francis Matthews\n Raymond Mason\n David Savile\n Ian Bamforth\n Keith Alexander\n Diane Mercer\n Jane Argyle\n Diana King\n Veronica Leigh\n Elaine Wells\n Danielle Cohn\n Lashawnda Bell\n\nEpisodes \n \"What's your name\"\n \"How are you\"\n \"Can you help me\"\n \"Left, right, straight ahead\"\n \"Where are they\"\n \"What's the time\"\n \"What's this What's that\"\n \"I like it very much\"\n \"Have you got any wine\"\n \"What are they doing\"\n \"Can I have your name, please\"\n \"What does she look like\"\n \"No smoking\"\n \"It's on the first floor\"\n \"Where's he gone\"\n \"Going away\"\n \"Buying things\"\n \"Why do you like it\"\n \"What do you need\"\n \"I sometimes work late\"\n \"Welcome to Britain\"\n \"Who's that\"\n \"What would you like to do\"\n \"How can I get there?\"\n \"Where is it\"\n \"What's the date\"\n \"Whose is it\"\n \"I enjoy it\"\n \"How many and how much\"\n \"What have you done\"\n \"Haven't we met before\"\n \"What did you say\"\n \"Please stop\"\n \"How can I get to Brightly\"\n \"Where can I get it\"\n \"There's a concert on Wednesday\"\n \"What's it like\"\n \"What do you think of him\"\n \"I need someone\"\n \"What were you doing\"\n \"What do you do\"\n \"What do you know about him\"\n \"You shouldn't do that\"\n \"I hope you enjoy your holiday\"\n \"Where can I see a football match\"\n \"When will it be ready\"\n \"Where did you go\"\n \"I think it's awful\"\n \"A room with a view\"\n \"You'll be ill\"\n \"I don't believe in strikes\"\n \"They look tired\"\n \"Would you like to\"\n \"Holiday plans\"\n \"The second shelf on the left\"\n \"When you are ready\"\n \"Tell them about Britain\"\n \"I liked everything\"\n \"Classical or modern\"\n \"Finale\"\n\nReferences \n\n BBC article about the series in China\n\nExternal links \n Follow Me – Beginner level \n Follow Me – Elementary level\n Follow Me – Intermediate level\n Follow Me – Advanced level\n\nAdult education television series\nEnglish-language education television programming", "There's a Girl in My Hammerlock is a 1991 young adult novel by Jerry Spinelli.\n\nPlot\nMaisie Potter tries out for the wrestling team in her junior high to get close to a boy she likes, but she soon finds out that what she really loves is the sport of wrestling.\n\nMaisie initially wants to be on the cheerleading squad, but she did not make the cut during tryouts. She is infatuated with a boy at her school, Eric Delong, and will do anything to be near him. Because he tries out for the wrestling team, Maisie decides to try out too. She makes the team but discovers that wrestling is a lot harder than she initially thought. She wins some of her matches but most of her opponents forfeit because they don't think it's right for a girl to wrestle a boy. She has to decide if she should do things that other people want her to do or things that she truly wants to do and is good at.\n\nExternal links\nAuthor Jerry Spinelli's homepage\n\n1991 American novels\nNovels by Jerry Spinelli\nAmerican sports novels\nAmerican young adult novels" ]

[ "Sandy Denny", "Early career", "How did she get started in her career?", "in September 1965, becoming involved with the folk club on campus.", "What did she do in the club?", "After her first public appearance at the Barge in Kingston upon Thames Denny started working the folk club circuit in the evenings", "What did she do there?", "the folk club circuit in the evenings with an American-influenced repertoire, including songs by Tom Paxton, together with traditional folk songs." ]

[ "James v Redcats (Brands) Ltd [2007] IRLR 296 is a legal case in the United Kingdom on the definition of a worker under the National Minimum Wage Act 1998. The Employment Appeal Tribunal held that lack of \"mutuality of obligation\" does not affect the status of being an employee, and therefore coverage under the 1998 Act.\n\nFacts\nMs James worked for Redcats (Brands) Ltd, a postal company, as a courier. She was making a claim that she was not being paid a minimum wage, and as a preliminary point, it needed to be determined whether she was a \"worker\" under s 54(3) of the 1998 Act. Redcats argued that she was \"self-employed\" and therefore not protected by the legislation.\n\nMs James used her own car to deliver parcels. Redcats set delivery deadlines and gave detailed instructions on how to carry out her duties. The first tribunal held there was only a contract for services (i.e. self-employed) not of service (i.e. not a 'worker') because there was no so called \"mutuality of obligation\". Redcats did not promise her any particular amount of work, said the tribunal and she could always decline it. At the Employment Appeal Tribunal Ms James argued this was simply untrue and there was an obligation to accept work.\n\nJudgment\nElias J found in favour of Ms James. She was indeed a worker, and even if there was a lack of mutuality of obligation, this did not matter to the status of a person when work was being done. Even if a person is doing small contractual stints, and there was no overarching contract, there could still be an employment relationship (following McMeechan v Secretary of State for Employment [1997] ICR 549).\n\nThe case was remitted to the tribunal, on this guidance, to determine the case afresh.\n\nSee also\n\nUK labour law\n\nNotes\n\nUnited Kingdom wages case law\nEmployment Appeal Tribunal cases\n2007 in case law\n2007 in British law", "The Migraine Disability Assessment Test (MIDAS) is a test used by doctors to determine how severely migraines affect a patient's life. Patients are asked questions about the frequency and duration of their headaches, as well as how often these headaches limited their ability to participate in activities at work, at school, or at home.\n\nThe test was evaluated by the professional journal Neurology in 2001; it was found to be both reliable and valid.\n\nQuestions\nThe MIDAS contains the following questions:\n\n On how many days in the last 3 months did you miss work or school because of your headaches?\n How many days in the last 3 months was your productivity at work or school reduced by half or more because of your headaches? (Do not include days you counted in question 1 where you missed work or school.)\n On how many days in the last 3 months did you not do household work because of your headaches?\n How many days in the last three months was your productivity in household work reduced by half of more because of your headaches? (Do not include days you counted in question 3 where you did not do household work.)\n On how many days in the last 3 months did you miss family, social or leisure activities because of your headaches?\n\nThe patient's score consists of the total of these five questions. Additionally, there is a section for patients to share with their doctors:\n\nWhat your Physician will need to know about your headache:\n\nA. On how many days in the last 3 months did you have a headache?\n(If a headache lasted more than 1 day, count each day.)\t\n\nB. On a scale of 0 - 10, on average how painful were these headaches? \n(where 0 = no pain at all and 10 = pain as bad as it can be.)\n\nScoring\nOnce scored, the test gives the patient an idea of how debilitating his/her migraines are based on this scale:\n\n0 to 5, MIDAS Grade I, Little or no disability \n\n6 to 10, MIDAS Grade II, Mild disability\n\n11 to 20, MIDAS Grade III, Moderate disability\n\n21+, MIDAS Grade IV, Severe disability\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nMigraine Treatment\n\nMigraine" ]

[ "Sandy Denny", "Early career", "How did she get started in her career?", "in September 1965, becoming involved with the folk club on campus.", "What did she do in the club?", "After her first public appearance at the Barge in Kingston upon Thames Denny started working the folk club circuit in the evenings", "What did she do there?", "the folk club circuit in the evenings with an American-influenced repertoire, including songs by Tom Paxton, together with traditional folk songs.", "How long did she work there?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Before All of This is the title of Ian McNabb's seventh solo album after leaving the Icicle Works. It includes his last commercial single to date, \"Let the Young Girl Do What She Wants To\".\n\nMcNabb's album People Don't Stop Believin' comprises outtakes, B-sides and alternate versions of tracks recorded during sessions for Before All of This.\n\nTrack listing\n \"There Oughta Be a Law\" [3:29]\n \"Before All of This\" [3:48]\n \"Unfinished Business in London Town (for Lee)\" [3:55]\n \"Western Eyes\" [5:14]\n \"The Lonely Ones (Part 1)\" [3:37]\n \"Rider (The Heartless Mare)\" [3:55]\n \"Finally Getting Over You\" [2:58]\n \"Let the Young Girl Do What She Wants To\" [4:34]\n \"The Nicest Kind of Lie\" [4:14]\n \"Lovers at the End of Time\" [5:06]\n \"Picture of the Moon\" [2:38]\n \"The New Me\" [4:56]\n \"Keeping Your Love Alive\" [2:43]\n \"The Lonely Ones (Part 2)\" [4:54]\n\nReferences\n\n2005 albums\nIan McNabb albums", "\"Heather\" is the 4th episode of the first season of the CW television series The Secret Circle, and the series' 4th episode overall. It was aired on October 6, 2011. The episode was written by David Ehrman and it was directed by Dave Barrett.\n\nPlot\nThe Circle is trying to discover what happened to Heather Barnes, the woman Zachary mentioned in the previous episode and what he meant. While searching about her, they find out where his brother, Wade (Ben Cotton), lives and Cassie (Britt Robertson) and Adam (Thomas Dekker) go there to ask him about her.\n\nWhen they get there, they discover that Heather (Camille Sullivan) is in a catatonic state since the night of the fire on the boat, sixteen years ago. Wade tells them that she hadn't moved at all since then and the moment he says that, Heather grabs Cassie's arm. While being there, they see a witchcraft mark on Heather's arm.\n\nCassie doesn't know what is going on and she can't understand why her mother would do something like that to her friend. Feeling guilty for what her mother did, she wants to help Heather by undoing the spell. Adam agrees to help her, after Cassie is telling him that she found her mom's Book of Shadows and there is a spell they can use.\n\nAdam calls Diana (Shelley Hennig) and informs her what they want to do. When Diana gets there, she is telling them that it's not a good idea to undo the spell, since they don't know why Amelia did it in the first place and because they also don't know how to do it. She stops them and Adam is leaving with her.\n\nFaye (Phoebe Tonkin) is getting there later, finding Cassie alone. When Cassie tells her what's going on and what she wants to do, Faye offers to help her. They go together back to Wade's house and they undo the spell, but nothing seems to happen.\n\nThey leave the house but when Wade is back, Heather wakes up, knocks him down and leaves. She is getting to Cassie's house, looking for Amelia to help her but she only finds Cassie. Heather tries to explain her about demons but while she is doing it, demons take control of her and she is attacking Cassie and later Faye who's upstairs.\n\nMeanwhile, Diana is showing Adam what she found in her Book of Shadows about Heather's mark and that it's connected with demons and black magic. They try to call Cassie to let her know so she won't attempt to undo the spell but it's too late.\n\nNick (Louis Hunter) and Melissa (Jessica Parker Kennedy), who are at Nick's room, see from the window that Cassie and Faye are in danger and they get there to help them. Nick manages to fights back the possessed Heather. Heather is running into the street and gets hit by a car.\n\nAll these leave the members of the Circle with more questions of what happened sixteen years ago on that boat and how their parents died and an unleashed demon that (in the form of a black snake) gets out of Heather's dead body and gets into Melissa's at the end of the episode.\n\nReception\n\nRatings\nIn its original American broadcast, \"Heather\" was watched by 1.96 million; down 0.16 from the previous episode.\n\nReviews\n\"Heather\" received generally positive reviews.\n\nJim Garner from TV Fanatic rated the episode with 4.3/5 saying that this episode was as action-packed/fast-paced as The Vampire Diaries show.\n\nSarah Maines from The TV Chick said that with this episode the show had overcome the hurdle of starting being good and that the episode was awesome and also terrifying. \"Aside from the snake demon and the nightmares I’m definitely going to have about it tonight, this was the first truly great episode of Secret Circle. I can’t wait to tune in next week and find out how the circle deals with Melissa’s possession!\"\n\nKatherine Miller from The A.V. Club gave a B+ rate to the episode saying that we had seen creepiness on the episode and she liked it. \"Now there’s the team behind The Vampire Diaries we all know and love. The Secret Circle nixed the parents, the school, and Cassie’s unyielding obstinacy, threw in some danger and some tiny, tiny demon snakes, and boom, things got good.\"\n\nFeature music\nIn the \"Heather\" episode we can hear the songs:\n \"Stare Into The Sun\" by Graffiti6\n \"All of This\" by The Naked and Famous\n \"No Sacrifice\" by Uh Huh Her\n \"Give you More\" by Taxi Girl\n \"Coming Down\" by Dum Dum Girls\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n2011 American television episodes\nThe Secret Circle (TV series) episodes" ]

[ "Sandy Denny", "Early career", "How did she get started in her career?", "in September 1965, becoming involved with the folk club on campus.", "What did she do in the club?", "After her first public appearance at the Barge in Kingston upon Thames Denny started working the folk club circuit in the evenings", "What did she do there?", "the folk club circuit in the evenings with an American-influenced repertoire, including songs by Tom Paxton, together with traditional folk songs.", "How long did she work there?", "I don't know.", "What did she do after leaving there?", "Her earliest professional recordings were made a few months later in mid-1967 for the Saga label," ]

[ "What A Summer (foal in 1973) was an American Thoroughbred Champion racehorse who defeated both male and female competitors. She was bred in Maryland by Milton Polinger. She was a gray out of the mare Summer Classic who was sired by Summer Tan. Her sire was What Luck, a multiple stakes winning son of U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee Bold Ruler. What A Summer is probably best remembered for her win in the Grade II $65,000 Black-Eyed Susan Stakes over stakes winners Dearly Precious and Artfully on May 14, 1976.\n\nTwo-year-old season \n\nWhat A Summer was trained very early in her career by Hall of Fame conditioner Bud Delp while racing for her breeder, Milton Polinger. She was bought by Mrs. Bertram Firestone following Polinger's death in the early fall of 1976. That death delayed her the first start of her career until late in the year. Mrs. Firestone turned the mare over to trainer LeRoy Jolley. What A Summer did not start racing until near the end of her two-year-old season, when she broke her maiden at Philadelphia Park. Near the end of the year, she won an allowance race. She ended the year with two wins in four starts.\n\nThree-year-old season \nIn January, What A Summer placed second in her first stakes race, the $25,000 Heirloom Stakes at the old Liberty Bell Race Track in Philadelphia. Two months later, she won her second allowance race over winners and convinced her connections that she was ready to step up in class and take on stakes winners in the Grade II $65,000 Black-Eyed Susan Stakes. In that race, she withstood a fast closing challenge down the stretch to hold off a late charge by 4:5 favorite Dearly Precious in a final time of 1:42.40 for the mile and one sixteenth on the dirt track at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland. Her jockey, Chris McCarron, was credited with a solid ride by conserving energy with moderate fractions in the middle portion of the race. Stakes winner Artfully held on for third in the field of ten three-year-old fillies. In December 1976, What A Summer won the $50,000 Anne Arundel Stakes at Laurel Park Racecourse, beating Turn the Guns and Avum in 1:38.20 for the mile under McCarron.\n\nFour-year-old season \n\nIn 1977, What A Summer won the $75,000 Fall Highweight Handicap twice, carrying the high weight of 134 pounds under jockey Jacinto Vásquez. The Fall Highweight is run in November of each year at Aqueduct Racetrack. In the 1977 race, she finished in a time of 1:09.4 and she broke the stakes record for six furlongs. That year, she also won the $40,000 Silver Spoon Handicap, the $50,000 Maskette Handicap and the $35,000 Distaff Handicap. She placed second in the grade one Beldame Stakes at Belmont Park and showed in both the $40,000 Grey Flight Handicap and the $25,000 Regret Stakes.\n\nFive-year-old season \n\nIn 1978 as a five-year-old, What A Summer repeated two of her victories from the year before in both the Fall Highweight Handicap, under Hall of Fame jockey Ángel Cordero Jr., and the $40,000 Silver Spoon Handicap. She also won the $40,000 First Flight Handicap. She placed second in the grade two Vosburgh Stakes, the grade three Vagrancy Handicap, the Sport Page Handicap, the Suwanee River Handicap and the Egret Handicap.\n\nHonors \n\nWhat A Summer was named Maryland-bred horse of the year in 1977 and twice was named champion older mare for the state of Maryland in both 1977 and 1978. She was retired in 1978 and as a broodmare she produced several graded stakes winners. After her retirement, Laurel Park Racecourse named a race in honor, the What A Summer Stakes. She was an Eclipse Award winner and was named American Champion Sprint Horse in 1977.\n\nWhat A Summer ended her career with a record of 18 wins out of 31 starts in her career. Her most memorable race was perhaps her dominating performance in the de facto second leg of the filly Triple Crown, the Black-Eyed Susan Stakes. In addition to her 18 wins, she placed nine times with earnings of $479,161. That record of 27 first or second finishes in 31 starts at 87% is among the best in history.\n\nReferences\n What A Summer's pedigree and partial racing stats\n\n1973 racehorse births\nRacehorses bred in Maryland\nRacehorses trained in the United States\nEclipse Award winners\nThoroughbred family 17-b", "Debra Forster (born 25 August 1961) is an Australian former swimmer who won a gold medal in the 100m backstroke event at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton, Canada.\n\nUpon finding out that she would be going to the 1978 Commonwealth Games in what would be her first trip overseas, Forster was surprised to be selected as she did not believe she had swum well during the selection trials in Sydney. She \"burst into international swimming\" in January 1978 when she set an Australian record in the 100m backstroke of 1:04.87 at Melbourne's Olympic stadium. At the time she was selected for the Commonwealth Games, she was training to be a secretary.\n\nWhile training for the games in Honolulu, she had decided that she would quit swimming upon her return home, yet had a change of heart upon winning a gold medal in the 1978 Commonwealth 100m backstroke event. After her win, she noted that she had changed her entire outlook on swimming, deciding that \"it was all worth while\" and then aiming towards winning a berth on the swimming team for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. During her time in Edmonton, she got tonsillitis and had to isolate in bed for several days, although it wasn't believed likely to have any effect on her performance.\n\nIn January 1979, she set an Australian residential and Victorian state 100m backstroke record with a time of 1:04.64, beating her own previous best by 0.23 seconds. She then followed this up with a Victorian state record in the 200m backstroke of 2:18.91.\n\nPersonal\nHer mother was Jean Forster, from the Melbourne suburb of Cheltenham, Victoria.\n\nReferences\n\n1961 births\nLiving people\nAustralian female backstroke swimmers\nCommonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia\nSwimmers at the 1978 Commonwealth Games\nCommonwealth Games medallists in swimming" ]

[ "Sandy Denny", "Early career", "How did she get started in her career?", "in September 1965, becoming involved with the folk club on campus.", "What did she do in the club?", "After her first public appearance at the Barge in Kingston upon Thames Denny started working the folk club circuit in the evenings", "What did she do there?", "the folk club circuit in the evenings with an American-influenced repertoire, including songs by Tom Paxton, together with traditional folk songs.", "How long did she work there?", "I don't know.", "What did she do after leaving there?", "Her earliest professional recordings were made a few months later in mid-1967 for the Saga label,", "What did she record?", "the albums Alex Campbell and His Friends and Sandy and Johnny with Johnny Silvo." ]

[ "Follow Me is the second album of Dutch singer Do.\n\nIt did well in the Netherlands, debuting at #8 in the Mega Top 100 (album chart).\n\nAlbum information\nAfter her successful debut album Do she began working on her second album with her best friend and musical partner Glenn Corneille. They made a basis for the next album but Glenn Corneille died in a car disaster. However, Do needed to go on, so she started again where she left off.\n\nThe album contains 12 songs. Do co-wrote 3 songs; Love Me, Tune Into Me and When Everything is Gone. It features several different music genres, such as Pop, Jazz, Gospel and Country.\n\nTrack listing\n\nChart positions\n\nReferences\n.\n\n2006 albums\nDo (singer) albums\nSony BMG albums", "Do-support (or do-insertion), in English grammar, is the use of the auxiliary verb do, including its inflected forms does and did, to form negated clauses and questions as well as other constructions in which subject–auxiliary inversion is required.\n\nThe verb \"do\" can be used as an auxiliary even in simple declarative sentences, and it usually serves to add emphasis, as in \"I did shut the fridge.\" However, in the negated and inverted clauses referred to above, it is used because the conventions of Modern English syntax permit these constructions only when an auxiliary is present. It is not idiomatic in Modern English to add the negating word not to a lexical verb with finite form; not can be added only to an auxiliary or copular verb. For example, the sentence I am not with the copula be is fully idiomatic, but I know not with a finite lexical verb, while grammatical, is archaic. If there is no other auxiliary present when negation is required, the auxiliary do is used to produce a form like I do not (don't) know. The same applies in clauses requiring inversion, including most questions: inversion must involve the subject and an auxiliary verb so it is not idiomatic to say Know you him?; today's English usually substitutes Do you know him?\n\nDo-support is not used when there is already an auxiliary or copular verb present or with non-finite verb forms (infinitives and participles). It is sometimes used with subjunctive forms. Furthermore, the use of do as an auxiliary should be distinguished from the use of do as a normal lexical verb, as in They do their homework.\n\nCommon uses\nDo-support appears to accommodate a number of varying grammatical constructions:\nquestion formation,\nthe appearance of the negation not, and\nnegative inversion.\nThese constructions often cannot occur without do-support or the presence of some other auxiliary verb.\n\nIn questions\nThe presence of an auxiliary (or copular) verb allows subject–auxiliary inversion to take place, as is required in most interrogative sentences in English. If there is already an auxiliary or copula present, do-support is not required when forming questions:\n\n He will laugh. → Will he laugh? (the auxiliary will inverts with the subject he)\n She is at home. → Is she at home? (the copula is inverts with the subject she)\n\nThis applies not only in yes–no questions but also in questions formed using interrogative words:\n\n When will he laugh?\n\nHowever, if there is no auxiliary or copula present, inversion requires the introduction of an auxiliary in the form of do-support:\n\n I know. → Do I know? (Compare: *Know I?)\n He laughs. → Does he laugh? (Compare: *Laughs he?)\n She came home. → Did she come home? (Compare: *Came she home?)\n\nThe finite (inflected) verb is now the auxiliary do; the following verb is a bare infinitive which does not inflect: does he laugh? (not laughs); did she come? (not came).\n\nIn negated questions, the negating word not may appear either following the subject, or attached to the auxiliary in the contracted form n't. That applies both to do-support and to other auxiliaries:\n\n Why are you not playing? / Why aren't you playing?\n Do you not want to try? / Don't you want to try?\n\nThe above principles do not apply to wh-questions if the interrogative word is the subject or part of the subject. Then, there is no inversion and so there is no need for do-support: Who lives here?, Whose dog bit you?\n\nThe verb have, in the sense of possession, is sometimes used without do-support as if it were an auxiliary, but this is considered dated. The version with do-support is also correct:\n\n Have you any idea what is going on here?\n Do you have any idea what is going on here?\n (Have you got any idea what is going on here? – the order is similar to the first example, but have is an auxiliary verb here)\n\nFor elliptical questions and tag questions, see the elliptical sentences section below.\n\nWith not\nIn the same way that the presence of an auxiliary allows question formation, the appearance of the negating word not is allowed as well. Then too, if no other auxiliary or copular verb is present, do-support is required.\n\n He will laugh. → He will not laugh. (not attaches to the auxiliary will)\n She laughs. → She does not laugh. (not attaches to the added auxiliary does)\n\nIn the second sentence, do-support is required because idiomatic Modern English does not allow forms like *She laughs not. The verb have, in the sense of possession, is sometimes negated thus:\n\n I haven't the foggiest idea.\n\nMost combinations of auxiliary/copula plus not have a contracted form ending in -n't, such as isn't, won't, etc. The relevant contractions for negations formed using do-support are don't, doesn't and didn't. Such forms are used very frequently in informal English.\n\nDo-support is required for negated imperatives even when the verb is the copula be:\n\nDo not do that.\nDon't be silly.\n\nHowever, there is no do-support with non-finite, as they are negated by a preceding not:\n\nIt would be a crime not to help him (the infinitive to help is negated)\nNot knowing what else to do, I stood my ground (the present participle knowing is negated)\nNot eating vegetables can harm your health (the gerund eating is negated)\n\nWith subjunctive verb forms, as a present subjunctive, do is infrequently used for negation, which is frequently considered ambiguous or incorrect because it resembles the indicative. The usual method to negate the present subjunctive is to precede the verb with a not, especially if the verb is be (as do-support with it, whether it be indicative or subjunctive, is ungrammatical):\n\nI suggest that he not receive any more funding (the present subjunctive receive is negated)\nIt is important that he not be there (the present subjunctive be is negated)\n\nAs a past subjunctive, however, did is needed for negation (unless the verb is be, whose past subjunctive is were):\n\nI wish that he did not know it\nI wish that he were not here\n\nThe negation in the examples negates the non-finite predicate. Compare the following competing formulations:\n\nI did not try to laugh. vs. I tried not to laugh.\nThey do not want to go. vs. They want not to go.\n\nThere are two predicates in each of the verb chains in the sentences. Do-support is needed when the higher of the two is negated; it is not needed to negate the lower nonfinite predicate.\n\nFor negated questions, see the questions section above. For negated elliptical sentences, see the elliptical sentences section below.\n\nNegative inversion\nThe same principles as for question formation apply to other clauses in which subject–auxiliary inversion is required, particularly after negative expressions and expressions involving only (negative inversion):\n\n Never did he run that fast again. (wrong: *Never he did run that fast again. *Never ran he that fast again.)\n Only here do I feel at home. (wrong: *Only here feel I at home.)\n\nFurther uses\nIn addition to providing do-support in questions and negated clauses as described above, the auxiliary verb do can also be used in clauses that do not require do-support. In such cases, do-support may appear for pragmatic reasons.\n\nFor emphasis\nThe auxiliary generally appears for purposes of emphasis, for instance to establish a contrast or to express a correction:\n Did Bill eat his breakfast? Yes, he did eat his breakfast (did emphasizes the positive answer, which may be unexpected).\n Bill doesn't sing, then. No, he does sing (does emphasizes the correction of the previous statement).\n\nAs before, the main verb following the auxiliary becomes a bare infinitive, which is not inflected (one cannot say *did ate or *does sings in the above examples).\n\nAs with typical do-support, that usage of do does not occur with other auxiliaries or a copular verb. Then, emphasis can be obtained by adding stress to the auxiliary or copular:\n\n Would you take the risk? Yes, I would take the risk.\n Bill isn't singing, then. No, he is singing.\n\n(Some auxiliaries, such as can, change their pronunciation when stressed; see Weak and strong forms in English.)\n\nIn negative sentences, emphasis can be obtained by adding stress either to the negating word (if used in full) or to the contracted form ending in n't. That applies whether or not do-support is used:\n\n I wouldn't (or would not) take the risk.\n They don't (or do not) appear on the list.\n\nEmphatic do can also be used with imperatives, including with the copula be:\n\n Do take care! Do be careful!\n\nIn elliptical sentences\nThe auxiliary do is also used in various types of elliptical sentences, where the main verb is omitted (it can be said to be \"understood\", usually because it would be the same verb as was used in a preceding sentence or clause). That includes the following types:\n\nTag questions:\n He plays well, doesn't he?\n You don't like Sara, do you?\nElliptical questions:\n I like pasta. Do you?\n I went to the party. Why didn't you?\nElliptical statements:\n They swam, but I didn't.\n He looks smart, and so do you.\n You fell asleep, and I did, too.\n\nSuch uses include cases that do-support would have been used in a complete clause (questions, negatives, inversion) but also cases that (as in the last example) the complete clause would normally have been constructed without do (I fell asleep too). In such instances do may be said to be acting as a pro-verb since it effectively takes the place of a verb or verb phrase: did substitutes for fell asleep.\n\nAs in the principal cases of do-support, do does not normally occur when there is already an auxiliary or copula present; the auxiliary or copula is retained in the elliptical sentence:\n\nHe is playing well, isn't he?\nI can cook pasta. Can you?\nYou should get some sleep, and I should too.\n\nHowever, it is possible to use do as a pro-verb (see below section #Pro-verbs & Do-so Substitution even after auxiliaries in some dialects:\n\nHave you put the shelf up yet? I haven't done (or I haven't), but I will do (or I will).\n(However it is not normally used in this way as a to-infinitive: Have you put the shelf up? I plan to, rather than *I plan to do; or as a passive participle: Was it built? Yes, it was, not *Yes, it was done.)\n\nPro-verbal uses of do are also found in the imperative: Please do. Don't!\n\nPro-verbs and do-so substitution\nThe phrases do so and do what for questions are pro-verb forms in English. They can be used as substitutes for verbs in x-bar theory grammar to test verb phrase completeness. Bare infinitives forms often are used in place of the missing pro-verb forms.\n\nExamples from Santorini and Kroch:\n\nTests for constituenthood of a verb-phrase in X'-grammar\nThe do so construction can be used to test if a verb-phrase is a constituent phrase in X'-grammar by substitution similarly to how other pro-forms can be used to test for noun-phrases, etc.\n\nIn X-bar theory, the verb-phrase projects three bar-levels such as this:\n\n VP\n / \\\n ZP X'\n / \\\n X' YP\n |\n X \n |\n head\n\nWith a simple sentence:\n\n S\n |\n VP\n / \\\n / \\\n / \\\n / \\\n NP \\\n / \\ \\ \n DP N' V'\n | | / \\\nThe children / \\\n / \\\n V' PP\n / \\ /_\\\n / \\ with gusto\n V NP\n | /_\\\n ate the pizza\n\nHere again exemplified by Santorini and Kroch, do so substitution for testing constituent verb phrases in the above sample sentence:\n\n S\n |\n VP\n / \\\n / \\\n / \\\n / \\\n NP \\\n / \\ \\ \n DP N' V'\n | | / \\\nThe children / \\\n / \\\n V' PP\n / \\ /_\\\n / \\ with gusto\n V NP\n | /_\\\n did so the pizza\n\nUse of do as main verb\nApart from its uses as an auxiliary, the verb do (with its inflected forms does, did, done, doing) can be used as an ordinary lexical verb (main verb):\n\nDo your homework!\nWhat are you doing?\n\nLike other non-auxiliary verbs, do cannot be directly negated with not and cannot participate in inversion so it may itself require do-support, with both auxiliary and lexical instances of do appearing together:\n\n They didn't do the laundry on Sunday. (did is the auxiliary, do is the main verb)\n Why do you do karate? (the first do is the auxiliary, the second is the main verb)\n How do you do? (a set phrase used as a polite greeting)\n\nMeaning contribution\nIn the various cases seen above that require do-support, the auxiliary verb do makes no apparent contribution to the meaning of the sentence so it is sometimes called a dummy auxiliary. Historically, however, in Middle English, auxiliary do apparently had a meaning contribution, serving as a marker of aspect (probably perfective aspect, but in some cases, the meaning may have been imperfective). In Early Modern English, the semantic value was lost, and the usage of forms with do began to approximate that found today.\n\nOrigins\n\nSome form of auxiliary \"do\" occurs in all West Germanic languages except Afrikaans. It is generally accepted that the past tense of Germanic weak verbs (in English, -ed) was formed from a combination of the infinitive with a past tense form of \"do\", as exemplified in Gothic. The origins of the construction in English are debated: some scholars argue it was already present in Old English, but not written due to stigmatization. Scholars disagree whether the construction arose from the use of \"do\" as a lexical verb in its own right, or whether periphrastic \"do\" arose from a causative meaning of the verb or vice versa. Examples of auxiliary \"do\" in Old English writing appear to be limited to its use in a causative sense, which is parallel to the earliest uses in other West Germanic languages. Others argue that the construction arose either via the influence of Celtic speakers or that the construction arose as a form of creolization when native speakers addressed foreigners and children.\n\nSee also\n\nEnglish verbs\nEnglish clause syntax\nIntensifier\n\nReferences\n\nEnglish grammar\nWord order\nSyntax\nGenerative syntax" ]

[ "Sandy Denny", "Early career", "How did she get started in her career?", "in September 1965, becoming involved with the folk club on campus.", "What did she do in the club?", "After her first public appearance at the Barge in Kingston upon Thames Denny started working the folk club circuit in the evenings", "What did she do there?", "the folk club circuit in the evenings with an American-influenced repertoire, including songs by Tom Paxton, together with traditional folk songs.", "How long did she work there?", "I don't know.", "What did she do after leaving there?", "Her earliest professional recordings were made a few months later in mid-1967 for the Saga label,", "What did she record?", "the albums Alex Campbell and His Friends and Sandy and Johnny with Johnny Silvo.", "Did they do well?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Sandy Denny", "Early career", "How did she get started in her career?", "in September 1965, becoming involved with the folk club on campus.", "What did she do in the club?", "After her first public appearance at the Barge in Kingston upon Thames Denny started working the folk club circuit in the evenings", "What did she do there?", "the folk club circuit in the evenings with an American-influenced repertoire, including songs by Tom Paxton, together with traditional folk songs.", "How long did she work there?", "I don't know.", "What did she do after leaving there?", "Her earliest professional recordings were made a few months later in mid-1967 for the Saga label,", "What did she record?", "the albums Alex Campbell and His Friends and Sandy and Johnny with Johnny Silvo.", "Did they do well?", "I don't know.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "at The Troubadour folk club, a member of the Strawbs heard her, and in 1967, she was invited to join the band." ]

[ "\"No. No. No.\" was the response of British prime minister Margaret Thatcher to European Commission president Jacques Delors's proposals for European integration at the October 1990 European Council summit meeting in Rome. Her remarks led to the resignation of deputy prime minister Geoffrey Howe and the ensuing Conservative Party leadership election in which Thatcher was ousted.\n\nBackground\n\nOn 30 October 1990, a day after returning from the European Council summit meeting in Rome, Thatcher delivered a statement to the House of Commons on the summit. Both her foreign secretary Geoffrey Howe and chancellor Nigel Lawson had threatened resignation the previous year if Thatcher did not agree to let Britain join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism. Thatcher subsequently replaced Howe as foreign secretary, appointing him leader of the House and deputy prime minister. At the summit, Thatcher went against her cabinet's collective position by rejecting Britain's membership of any future arrangement for an economic and monetary union.\n\nThatcher was speaking in response to a question from the Leader of the Opposition, Neil Kinnock, when she said that: Thatcher then continued by contending that \"the Labour party would give all those things up easily. Perhaps it would agree to a single currency and abolition of the pound sterling. Perhaps, being totally incompetent in monetary matters, it would be only too delighted to hand over full responsibility to a central bank, as it did to the IMF\", the final part of her statement a reference to the 1976 sterling crisis under a Labour government.\n\nThatcher's \"No. No. No.\" response was seen as undermining any progress that had been made at the summit in Rome. It was a spontaneous expression and had not been prepared. Biographer Charles Moore felt that she expressed her words \"firmly\" but \"not vehemently\", with each pronunciation of the negative exclamation \"spoken quieter than the last\" as she put her spectacles on, preparing to move on to her next point. Moore also felt that Thatcher's response was \"endlessly and rightly quoted afterwards\" as part of a \"classic combative statement of her views\" but was \"almost always wrenched from its context\"; she was not attacking the Community (EEC) or undermining her own government's policies, but was instead attacking the Commission for its ambition of further European integration (which her government and most Conservative MPs opposed), denouncing the idea that the EEC should acquire the attributes of a European government. Moore wrote that \"for those long waiting to make their move 'No. No. No.' was not so much a shock as a cue\".\n\nHowe then resolved to resign from government and join the back benches after Thatcher dismissed further EEC integration and the potentiality of a single currency, which had been espoused by the Delors Commission, with her \"No. No. No.\"\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nWorks cited\n\nExternal links \n HC Stmnt: [Rome European Council] [\"No no no\"] [film] at the Margaret Thatcher Foundation\n\n1990 in British politics\n1990 in the European Economic Community\nEuroscepticism in the United Kingdom\nEurozone\nMargaret Thatcher\nPolitical quotes", "Emily M. Agree is an American sociologist. She is a professor of sociology in the Departments of Sociology and Population, Family, and Reproductive Health at Johns Hopkins University, and associate director at the Hopkins Population Center.\n\nEducation\nAgree graduated with B.A. degree in population studies from the University of Rochester in 1980. After writing a thesis entitled \"Patterns of Contact between Older Unmarried Women and their Adult Children: A Multivariate Analysis\" at Georgetown University, she graduated with an M.A. in demography in 1986. She then wrote her dissertation on \"The Effects of Demographic Change on Living Arrangements of the Elderly in Brazil: 1960-1980\" at Duke University where she got her Ph.D. in sociology in 1993.\n\nCareer\nFollowing her graduation from Duke, Agree was a postdoctoral research fellow at the Population Studies Center at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan. From 1995 to 2003, Agree was an assistant professor at the Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and then served as its associate professor until 2012. During her time at the Johns Hopkins University, Agree was also an interim director at the Johns Hopkins Population Center from 2005 to 2006 and served as director of its Center for Population Aging and Health from 2009 to 2012. She also served as a visiting research fellow and scholar at the Office for National Statistics in the United Kingdom in 2002 and at Age Concern Institute of Gerontology of King's College London from 2002 to 2004 respectively.\n\nPrior to her graduation, Agree was a consultant researcher at the Research and Policy Division of the World Bank Group in 1983 in Washington, D.C. In 1984, she joined the Government Accountability Office as elevator and the same year was promoted as research associate at the Center for Population Research in Georgetown University. She then served as a senior research associate from 1985 to 1986 at the same university until she was promoted to senior research scholar in 1987 and by 1990 became associate population affairs officer at the Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, Population and Development Section of the United Nations.\n\nAs a consultant, Agree served for World Bank Group from 1982 to 1983 and from 1988 to 1992 she served with Decision Demographics and the United Nations Population Division. From 1993 to 1994, Agree served with the National Academy on Aging of the United States Administration on Aging and from 1994 to 2000 was with the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe following which she served with the United States Census Bureau in 2000 and 2008 respectively.\n\nRecognitions\nAgree is a member of the Gerontological Society of America since 1984 and a fellow of the same society since 1998.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n20th-century births\nLiving people\nAmerican women sociologists\nUniversity of Rochester alumni\nGeorgetown University alumni\nDuke University alumni\nUniversity of Michigan faculty\nFellows of the Gerontological Society of America\nYear of birth missing (living people)\nPlace of birth missing (living people)\n21st-century social scientists\n21st-century American women scientists" ]

[ "Sandy Denny", "Early career", "How did she get started in her career?", "in September 1965, becoming involved with the folk club on campus.", "What did she do in the club?", "After her first public appearance at the Barge in Kingston upon Thames Denny started working the folk club circuit in the evenings", "What did she do there?", "the folk club circuit in the evenings with an American-influenced repertoire, including songs by Tom Paxton, together with traditional folk songs.", "How long did she work there?", "I don't know.", "What did she do after leaving there?", "Her earliest professional recordings were made a few months later in mid-1967 for the Saga label,", "What did she record?", "the albums Alex Campbell and His Friends and Sandy and Johnny with Johnny Silvo.", "Did they do well?", "I don't know.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "at The Troubadour folk club, a member of the Strawbs heard her, and in 1967, she was invited to join the band.", "Did she agree to join?", "She recorded one album with them in Denmark which was released belatedly in 1973 credited to Sandy Denny and the Strawbs: All Our Own Work." ]

[ "Pyramix is the first remix album and sixth album by rapper/DJ, Egyptian Lover. The album was released in 1993 for Egyptian Empire Records and was produced by The Egyptian Lover himself. The album was both a commercial and critical failure and did not make it to any billboard charts or feature any hit singles.\n\nTrack listing\n\"Pyramix\" – 1:56\n\"Dance\" – 1:53\n\"The Lover\" – 5:26\n\"I Want Cha\" – 2:19\n\"Computer Power (Version II)\" – 5:25\n\"Kinky Nation (Kingdom Kum)\" – 2:34\n\"Egypt, Egypt\" – 6:44\n\"Planet E (Remix)\" – 7:04\n\"Egypt's Revenge (Mega Mix)\" – 5:27\n\"Get High, Get X'D, Get Drunk, Get Sex'd\" – 5:48\n\nReferences\n\nEgyptian Lover albums\nAlbums produced by Egyptian Lover\n1993 remix albums", "Active Pensionists (Danish: Aktive Pensionister) was a political party in Denmark.\n\nHistory\nActive Pensionists was established in 1997. The party ran in 2001 in Copenhagen (507 votes), Frederikshavn (212 votes) and Skagen Municipality (19 votes). They did not get any municipal seats.\n\nIn 2005, Active Pensionists ran in Greve Municipality (43 votes), Vejle Municipality (158 votes), Fredericia Municipality (679) and Copenhagen Municipality (232 votes). They did not manage to get any municipal seats.\n\nThe party has not run for municipal elections since 2005, and is assumedly dissolved.\n\nElection results\n\nMunicipal elections\n\nReferences\n\nPolitical parties in Denmark\nPensioners' parties\n1997 establishments in Denmark\nPolitical parties established in 1997\nDefunct political parties in Denmark" ]

[ "Sandy Denny", "Early career", "How did she get started in her career?", "in September 1965, becoming involved with the folk club on campus.", "What did she do in the club?", "After her first public appearance at the Barge in Kingston upon Thames Denny started working the folk club circuit in the evenings", "What did she do there?", "the folk club circuit in the evenings with an American-influenced repertoire, including songs by Tom Paxton, together with traditional folk songs.", "How long did she work there?", "I don't know.", "What did she do after leaving there?", "Her earliest professional recordings were made a few months later in mid-1967 for the Saga label,", "What did she record?", "the albums Alex Campbell and His Friends and Sandy and Johnny with Johnny Silvo.", "Did they do well?", "I don't know.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "at The Troubadour folk club, a member of the Strawbs heard her, and in 1967, she was invited to join the band.", "Did she agree to join?", "She recorded one album with them in Denmark which was released belatedly in 1973 credited to Sandy Denny and the Strawbs: All Our Own Work.", "Did it get any awards?", "The album includes an early solo version of her best-known (and widely recorded) composition, \"Who Knows Where the Time Goes?\"" ]

[ "Joanita Kawalya is a Ugandan musician and activist. She is a member of the Afrigo Band, the longest-lasting musical band in Uganda, which has been in continuous existence since 1975.\n\nEarly life and education\nKawalya was born to the late singer Eclaus Kawalya on 5 January 1967. She worked as a teacher at Lubiri Senior Secondary School between 1989 and 1993.\n\nMusic career\nKawalya started singing at an early age. She went on to sing in choir in school and later as a part time member of \"The Wrens\", courtesy of her father's guest performances with the band. He would take the whole family with him. She joined Afrigo Band in 1986 when she was nineteen-year-old, replacing her sister, Margaret, also a vocalist who was leaving for Germany. She did music as she did a teaching course at Kyambogo University In 1993, she quit teaching and concentrated on music and mothering her two children.\n\nOther responsibilities\nShe has served as a community advisory member on the National Aids project, the Walter Reed project and the Makerere Johns Hopkins joint project. She has also been involved in grass root campaigns for HIV/AIDS and her face is now recognizable as one of the facilitators for the Nabagereka's annual cultural fete, the Kisakaate. Kawalya is also involved in mentorship of talent. \n\nshe recently participated in the gender identity week organized by Makerere University School of Women and Gender Studies\n\nFamily \nJoanita Kawalya is a married mother of two children.\n\nSee also\n Afrigo Band\n Moses Matovu\n Frank Mbalire\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Bobi Wine & Joanita Kawalya Join Katutandike As Goodwill Ambassadors\n\n1967 births\n20th-century Ugandan women singers\n21st-century Ugandan women singers\nLiving people\nGanda people\nMembers of Afrigo Band\nPeople educated at Trinity College Nabbingo", "Grinding Stone is the only album by The Gary Moore Band. Released in 1973, it was recorded between Moore's leaving Skid Row and joining Thin Lizzy.\n\nIt contains a mixture of styles that differ from his later solo work. Moore did not release another solo album until 1978's Back on the Streets.\n\nBackground\nMoore put the band together after leaving the group Skid Row, signing to CBS Records. At the time, Moore was unsure about which direction he wanted to take his music in, and consequently the album features a variety of styles. These included the title track's blues shuffle, double-tracked lead guitars on \"Time To Heal\" and \"Spirit\", Latin rhythms reminiscent of Santana, and slide guitar on \"Boogie My Way Back Home\". Keyboardist Jan Schelhaas guested on the album, as did Irish guitarist Philip Donnelly.\n\nMoore split up the band so he could join Thin Lizzy as a replacement for Eric Bell. Drummer Pearse Kelly briefly covered for Thin Lizzy's Brian Downey while the latter was ill. He would revisit some of the jazz fusion styles explored on the album with the group Colosseum II.\n\nReception\nThe album was favourably reviewed by Billboard, who thought \"Sail Across the Mountain\" was its strongest track. It was not commercially successful, and did not chart. Moore would not release another album under his own name until Back on the Streets five years later, after several years in Colosseum II and another stint in Thin Lizzy.\n\nA retrospective review in AllMusic was mixed, saying that while the eclectic and varied styles were interesting, it was not Moore's best album. However, the reviewer felt the album helped explain Moore's change in styles between Skid Row and Colosseum II, and concluded that it was an overlooked album in his solo career.\n\nTrack listing\n\nPersonnel\nThe Gary Moore Band\nGary Moore – lead guitar, vocals\nJohn Curtis – bass guitar\nPearse Kelly – drums, percussion\n\nAdditional musicians\nFrank Boylan – bass guitar\nPhilip Donnelly – rhythm guitar\nJan Schelhaas – keyboards\n\nProduction\nMartin Birch – producer, engineer\n\nReferences\n\nGary Moore albums\n1973 debut albums\nAlbums produced by Martin Birch\nCBS Records albums" ]

[ "Gustave Courbet", "The Artist's Studio" ]

[ "The Studio was the name of a small artists' loft commune formed in 1975 by four comic book artists/commercial illustrators/painters in Manhattan's Chelsea district. These artists were Barry Windsor-Smith, Jeff Jones, Michael Kaluta, and Bernie Wrightson — known colloquially as the \"Fab Four\". The purpose of The Studio was to provide the group with a space where they could pursue creative products outside the constraints of comic book commercialism.\n\nThe studio space was a converted machine shop with high ceilings.\n\nIndustry journalist Tom Spurgeon commented on the broader significance and influence of The Studio in his 2011 obituary of Jones at The Comics Reporter:\nThe legacy of that much talent doing what was collectively very good work at a point of almost monolithic and degrading corporate influence over the kind of art they wanted to do has provided The Studio with a legacy that can be embraced even by those that didn't particularly care for the artists' output. The idea of a dedicated workplace that would allow for coercive influence one artist to another has been carried over into very nearly ever cartoonists' collective space initiative since.\n\nBy 1979, the \"Fab Four\" had produced enough material to issue an art book under the name The Studio, which was published by Dragon's Dream. That same year the members of The Studio moved on to independent projects and separate work spaces.\n\nSee also \n Upstart Associates \n Fab Four\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Information about The Studio at BarryWindsor-Smith.com\n\nCommunes\nAmerican artist groups and collectives\nComics groups and collectives\nCulture of Manhattan\nChelsea, Manhattan\n1975 establishments in New York City", "ABN or Assholes by Nature is an American hip hop duo, composed of Houston, Texas-based rappers Trae tha Truth and Z-Ro. They have so far released two studio albums Assholes by Nature (2003) and It Is What It Is (2008).\n\nHistory\nThe duo is a collaboration between Z-Ro and Trae, both of whom are well established solo recording artists within Texas' underground hip hop scene. Their first collaboration was on Z-Ro's debut album Look What You Did to Me (1998), with them regularly appearing on each other's albums thereafter. Z-Ro and Trae grew apart in subsequent years and parted ways altogether after their last (and so far final) album in 2008 due to personal and creative differences.\n\nDiscography\nABN's first release was a double CD titled Assholes by Nature. It was released in 2003 by the independent label G-Maab Records and was produced by P.K. Johnson.\n\nIn 2008 the duo released It Is What It Is which turned out to be the biggest commercial success for both artists. The album was released on Rap-A-Lot Records and produced by Brandon Crear. The album reached number 62 on the Billboard 200, 10 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, and 7 on the Top Rap Albums charts. Previously the artists had 13 appearances on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart between them; this was the first in the top 10.\n\nStudio albums\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n \n\nAfrican-American musical groups\nAmerican musical duos\nMusical groups established in 2003\nMusical groups from Texas\nSouthern hip hop groups\nHip hop duos\nFamily musical groups\nGangsta rap groups" ]

[ "Gustave Courbet", "The Artist's Studio", "What was The Artists studio?", "his paintings, including The Artist's Studio," ]

[ "Light Painting World Alliance (LPWA) is a nonprofit organization (NPO). Its goal is to offer the light painting community a cross-border platform to show its art, to set up networks and to promote social concerns and further training by means of light painting.\n\nFor this purpose LPWA established a network of local representatives from currently 30 countries worldwide.\nIt was founded in December 2011 by Russian artist Sergey B. Churkin.\nLPWA showcases light painting works of its members in the context of exhibitions, conferences and special events using an advisory board of lightpainters for selection.\n\nIn September 2014 LPWA was awarded status as an official Collaborating Partner of the International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies 2015 (IYL2015) by UNESCO.\nThis happened in accordance with the proclaimed International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies 2015 by UNESCO.\nAs representatives of LPWA artists Sergey Churkin, Eric Mellinger, Hugo Baptista and JanLeonardo were officially invited to attend opening ceremonies at UNESCO Headquarters Paris.\n\nSelected events and exhibitions\n 2012: Central House of Artists Moscow - 1st Light Painting World Exhibition\n 2013: LPWA Mumbai 2013 International Light Painting Show\n 2013: G8 Gallery Moscow) - Positive In My Mind\n 2013: Espace Pierre Cardin Paris - 2nd Light Painting World Exhibition\n 2014: World Light Painting Mega Animation Project\n 2014: Oviedo - 1st International LightArt Congress & 3rd World Light Painting Exhibition\n 2014: Embarcadère Culture Center Aubervilliers - Special Event\n 2014: New Town Plaza Hong Kong - Waves of Shining Light Special Event \n 2014: LPWA Contest -Light Painted World\n 2015: Madrid - THE BODY ART WEEKEND Special Event\n 2015: UNESCO Paris - Light Painted World Exhibition\n\nExternal links\n\nReferences\n\nCultural organizations", "Aha Oe Feii? or Are You Jealous? is a painting by Paul Gauguin from 1892, based on a real-life episode during his stay on Tahiti which he later described in the diary Noa Noa: \"On the shore two sisters are lying after bathing, in the graceful poses of resting animals; they speak of yesterday's love and tomorrow's conquests. The recollection causes them to quarrel, \"What? Are you jealous?\" Gauguin titled the painting in Tahitian language, Aha Oe Feii?, in the lower left corner of the canvas.\n\nThe painting evokes a sense of Pacific paradise in which sexual relations are playful and harmless. According to Professor Peter Toohey, \"this jealousy is not the product of a threat to an exclusive sexual relationship or jilted love affair - it is the result of one of the sisters having enjoyed more sex than the other the night before\". In a letter to his friend from 1892, Gauguin wrote about the painting: \"I think this is the best of what I've made so far\".\n\nThe painting is housed in the Pushkin Museum, Moscow, Russia.\n\nReferences\n\nPaintings by Paul Gauguin\n1892 paintings\nNude art\nPaintings in the collection of the Pushkin Museum" ]

[ "Gustave Courbet", "The Artist's Studio", "What was The Artists studio?", "his paintings, including The Artist's Studio,", "What made this painting special?", "The work is an allegory of Courbet's life as a painter," ]

[ "Just My Type: A Book About Fonts is a nonfiction book by Simon Garfield, a British journalist and non-fiction author. The book touches on typography in our daily lives, specifically why people dislike Comic Sans, Papyrus, and Trajan Capitals; the overwhelming European popularity of Helvetica; and how a font can make a person seem such a way, such as masculine, feminine, American, British, German, or Jewish.\n\nOverview \nThe first chapter, \"We Don't Serve Your Type\", is about why people dislike the font Comic Sans. Other widely disliked fonts are discussed in chapter 21, \"The Worst Fonts in the World\". Chapter 2, \"Capital Offence\", details font etiquette, while chapter 3, \"Legibility vs. Readability\", details the difference between a font being \"legible\" and a font being \"readable.\" Chapters 4, \"Can a font make me popular?\"; 9, \"What is it about the Swiss?\"; 13, \"Can a font be German, or Jewish?\"; and 14, \"American Scottish\", detail how a font can make somebody or something look. Chapter 7, \"Baskerville is Dead (Long Live Baskerville)\", and various \"fontbreaks\" detail the histories of specific fonts.\n\nCritical reception \nReception of Just My Type by non-professional reviewers was overwhelmingly positive. The New York Times praised the book, saying that it \"does for typography what Lynne Truss's best-selling Eats, Shoots & Leaves did for punctuation\" and that it is a \"smart, funny, and accessible book\". BBC declared it a \"well-written, anecdote-filled romp through the highs and lows of fontdom\". The Guardian declared it \"bouncy, well-informed, and wittily-designed\".\n\nOn the other hand, historian of typography Paul Shaw, in a review of the US edition, while admitting the book is \"full of fascinating stories and trivia about type\" stated that \"[u]nfortunately, many of these stories are incomplete or superficial and the trivia often more odd than informative\". He goes on to list in detail numerous errors in the book.\n\nJust My Type was named one of the Amazon.com Best Books of the Month for September 2011.\n\nReferences \n\n2010 books\nTypography", "A call detail record (CDR) is a data record produced by a telephone exchange or other telecommunications equipment that documents the details of a telephone call or other telecommunications transactions (e.g., text message) that passes through that facility or device. The record contains various attributes of the call, such as time, duration, completion status, source number, and destination number. It is the automated equivalent of the paper toll tickets that were written and timed by operators for long-distance calls in a manual telephone exchange.\n\nCDR contents\nA call detail record contains data fields that describe a specific instance of a telecommunication transaction, but does not include the content of that transaction. By way of simplistic example, a call detail record describing a particular phone call might include the phone numbers of both the calling and receiving parties, the start time, and duration of that call. In actual modern practice, call detail records are much more detailed, and contain attributes such as:\n the phone number of the subscriber originating the call (calling party, A-party)\n the phone number receiving the call (called party, B-party)\n the starting time of the call (date and time)\n the call duration\n the billing phone number that is charged for the call\n the identification of the telephone exchange or equipment writing the record\n a unique sequence number identifying the record\n additional digits on the called number used to route or charge the call\n the disposition or the results of the call, indicating, for example, whether or not the call was connected\n the route by which the call entered the exchange\n the route by which the call left the exchange\n call type (voice, SMS, etc.) \n voice call type (call setup, call continue, call operation, call end, call idle, call busy, out of service call)\n any fault condition encountered\n\nEach exchange manufacturer decides which information is emitted on the tickets and how it is formatted. Examples: \n Send the timestamp of the end of call instead of duration\n Voice-only machines may not send call type\n Some small PBX does not send the calling party\n\nIn some corporate private branch exchange (PBX) systems, a call detail record is termed a station messaging detail record (SMDR).\n\nUses\nCall detail records serve a variety of functions. For telephone service providers, they are critical to the production of revenue, in that they provide the basis for the generation of telephone bills. For law enforcement, call detail records provide a wealth of information that can help to identify suspects, in that they can reveal details as to an individual's relationships with associates, communication and behavior patterns, and even location data that can establish the whereabouts of an individual during the entirety of the call. For companies with PBX telephone systems, call detail records provide a means of tracking long-distance access, can monitor telephone usage by department or office, and can create listing of incoming and outgoing calls.\n\nPrivacy\nThe U.S. Supreme Court has held the records of numbers called are not protected by the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States because the caller \"voluntarily conveyed numerical information to the telephone company.\" But there is limited protection under the Electronic Communications Privacy Act. The revelation that call metadata records are being universally collected and stored in the U.S. and elsewhere has generated considerable controversy.\n\nIn June 2013, a top secret order of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court was leaked to the public. That order referenced and defined call detail records as follows:\n\nUsage in research\nCDRs have found various uses in academic research, with topics ranging from social networks to human mobility.\n\nSee also\n Charging data record\n Customer proprietary network information\n NSA call database\n Telecommunications data retention\n Pen register\n Internet Protocol Detail Record\n Communications data\n Datacom\n Average call duration\nAnswer/seizure ratio\nTelecommunication transaction processing systems\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Visualize/playback 6-months' Call Detail Records – records of German politician Malte Spitz (ZeitOnline)\n\nTelephony\nTelecommunications economics" ]

[ "Gustave Courbet", "The Artist's Studio", "What was The Artists studio?", "his paintings, including The Artist's Studio,", "What made this painting special?", "The work is an allegory of Courbet's life as a painter,", "What type of detail does it share?", "seen as an heroic venture, in which he is flanked by friends and admirers on the right, and challenges and opposition to the left." ]

[ "Le Cousin is a 1997 French film directed by Alain Corneau.\n\nPlot \nThe film deals with the relationship of the police and an informant in the drug scene.\n\nAwards and nominations\nLe Cousin was nominated for 5 César Awards but did not win in any category.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1997 films\n1997 crime films\nFilms about drugs\nFilms directed by Alain Corneau\nFrench crime films\nFrench films\nFrench-language films", "The 23rd Fangoria Chainsaw Awards is an award ceremony presented for horror films that were released in 2020. The nominees were announced on January 20, 2021. The film The Invisible Man won five of its five nominations, including Best Wide Release, as well as the write-in poll of Best Kill. Color Out Of Space and Possessor each took two awards. His House did not win any of its seven nominations. The ceremony was exclusively livestreamed for the first time on the SHUDDER horror streaming service.\n\nWinners and nominees\n\nReferences\n\nFangoria Chainsaw Awards" ]

[ "Gustave Courbet", "The Artist's Studio", "What was The Artists studio?", "his paintings, including The Artist's Studio,", "What made this painting special?", "The work is an allegory of Courbet's life as a painter,", "What type of detail does it share?", "seen as an heroic venture, in which he is flanked by friends and admirers on the right, and challenges and opposition to the left.", "Did it win any awards?", "I don't know." ]

[ "\"Find What You Love and Let It Kill You\" may refer to:\n\nMusic \n Find What You Love and Let It Kill You (Jonny Craig album)\n Find What You Love and Let It Kill You (Hurricane No. 1 album)\n \"Find What You Love and Let It Kill You\", a song by Linus Pauling Quartet\n Find What You Love and Let It Kill You, a 2019 short film", "Finally Awake is the fifth studio album released by Christian rock band Seventh Day Slumber. It was released on March 20, 2007 under Tooth & Nail Records. Finally Awake reached its peak on the Top Christian Albums chart at No. 16 in 2007.\n\nMeaning \nWhen Joseph Rojas was asked about the meaning behind Finally Awake, he responded: \"The message of this album is clear. We want to empower kids to stop looking to the media, to what the world tells them they have to be, to find identity. You don’t have to be what everyone else tells you to. Be what you were created to be.\"\n\nTrack listing \n \"Awake\" - 3:42\n \"Last Regret\" - 3:08\n \"Missing Pages\" - 3:53\n \"My Only Hope\" - 3:45\n \"Always\" - 4:40\n \"Breaking Away\" - 3:35\n \"Burning Bridges\" - 3:54\n \"Undone\" - 3:26\n \"On My Way Home\" - 3:43\n \"Broken Buildings\" - 4:21\n \"Every Saturday\" - 4:20\n\nReferences \n\n2007 albums\nTooth & Nail Records albums\nSeventh Day Slumber albums" ]

[ "The Cult", "The Cult (1994-1995)" ]

[ "See Sami shamanism for shamanism in northern Scandinavia, which is technically in Europe, but culturally part of the Finno-Ugric traditions of Northern Asia.\n\nThe first historian to posit the existence of European shamanic ideas within popular beliefs of otherwise Christian Europeans was Carlo Ginzburg, who examined the Benandanti, an agrarian cult found in Friuli, Italy, whose members underwent shamanic trances in which they believed they battled witches in order to save their crops.\n\nHistorians following Ginzburg identified what they saw as shamanic elements in the accusations of the witch trials of the Early Modern period. These included Eva Pocs and Emma Wilby. This group of authors proposes what is known as the \"witch-cult hypothesis\", arguing that there was a religious cult with continuity reaching into the pre-Christian period behind what became identified as \"witchcraft\" in the Early Modern period.\n\nThe idea of shamanism's existence in Ancient Greece was advanced by E. R. Dodds and criticized by Michael J. Puett.\n\nSee also\nShamanistic remnants in Hungarian folklore\n\nReferences\n\n \nAnthropology of religion", "\"Gods Zoo\" is a single by the English post-punk/gothic rock band Death Cult (who later shortened their name to the Cult), released on 23 October 1983 by Situation Two. The song is often, erroneously, spelled \"God's Zoo\" (with an apostrophe in the word \"Gods\", indicating possessive case).\n\nPicture sleeve\nNo credit is given to the design of the picture sleeve for the single. The front features the group's name centered between four stereoscopic printed television sets. Within each television is an image. Clockwise from top left the images are as follows: (1) the group's Mickey Mouse \"skull\" logo; (2) a nude female drawing (artist unknown, but the image is often credited to singer Ian Astbury, even though this has never been confirmed); (3) a portion of a Tim Page photograph of ARVN soldiers interrogating a Viet Cong suspect (the group's first release, the eponymous Death Cult EP, also featured a Tim Page Vietnam photograph on its picture sleeve, and both Astbury and guitarist Billy Duffy have expressed an interest in the history of the Vietnam War, which was also apparently a trend in the United Kingdom at the time); (4) a portion of a photograph of Jimi Hendrix (one of the group's influences).\n\nB-side\nThe single is labeled A SIDE, and AA SIDE (for the B-side), which is an extended and remixed version of the title track titled \"Gods Zoo (These Times)\".\n\nHistory\n\"Gods Zoo\" was released while the group was still recording and performing as Death Cult (they would not change their name to the Cult until 13 January 1984) and was intended to be the lead single for Death Cult's first album (tentatively titled A Flower in the Desert). A joint 4AD and Beggars Banquet 7\" promotional EP, titled A Sampling Above the Rest (catalogue number VTO 1), featured \"Gods Zoo (These Times)\" as a promotional track with the following description: \"taken from the forthcoming Death Cult cassette and album\".\n\nA full-length Death Cult album never materialized. The group's developed material was eventually incorporated into what would become the Dreamtime album, which was released nearly a year later and under the group's new name. Conspicuously missing from the finalized album was \"Gods Zoo\", making it a stand-alone single.\n\nChart positions\n\nTrack listing \nRelease information pertains to the United Kingdom release only.\n\n7\": Situation Two SIT 29\n \"Gods Zoo\" – 3:26\n \"Gods Zoo (These Times)\" – 5:09\n\n12\": Situation Two SIT 29T\n \"Gods Zoo\" – 3:26\n \"Gods Zoo (These Times)\" – 5:09\n\nAustralian release\n\"Gods Zoo\", as a single, was released only in the UK and Australia. The Australian version was only issued in the 7\" format and was distributed by the Powderworks Records label (catalogue number POW 0179). It was released in 1983, but the specific day and month of the release is unknown. The track listing was the same as the UK single.\n\nPersonnel\n Ian Astbury - vocals\n Billy Duffy - guitars\n Jamie Stewart - bass guitar\n Nigel Preston - drums\n\nAlso credited:\n Jeremy Green - producer and engineer\n\n\"Gods Zoo\" marked the debut of Death Cult's new drummer, Nigel Preston. Preston replaced the group's previous drummer, Ray Mondo, just prior to entering the studio to record the single. \n\nPreston had previously worked with Duffy in Theatre of Hate. After his departure from Theatre of Hate, Preston joined Sex Gang Children in September 1982. When Preston was recruited to join Death Cult in September 1983, he essentially \"swapped\" with Ray Mondo. Ray Mondo played his last gig with Death Cult on 19 September 1983 at the Brixton Ace in London. Shortly afterwards, he filled the vacant drummer position with Sex Gang Children.\n\nDeath Cult EP\nBoth tracks from the \"Gods Zoo\" single were collected, along with the contents of the earlier eponymous EP, on a single compact disc in 1988, simply titled Death Cult. The same material was remastered and reissued (along with some radio session material) in 1996 as Ghost Dance.\n\nA Historical Debt\nIn 1991, the Cult donated the track \"Gods Zoo\", royalty free, for the compilation album A Historical Debt. released by Beechwood Music Limited. The album's intent was to help independent groups and labels caught in the wake of the Rough Trade Distribution collapse.\n\nFootnotes\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nDeath Cult at Death Rock\nDeath Cult at Discogs\n\nThe Cult songs" ]

[ "The Cult", "The Cult (1994-1995)", "What was the Cult?", "the band released The Cult in October 1994, produced by Bob Rock." ]

[ "\"How Do I Deal\" is a song by American actress Jennifer Love Hewitt from the soundtrack to the film I Still Know What You Did Last Summer. The song was released as a single on November 17, 1998, with an accompanying music video. The single became Hewitt's one and only appearance on the US Billboard Hot 100 singles chart, peaking at number 59 in a seven-week run. Although not a big success in America, the single reached number five in New Zealand and peaked at number eight in Australia, where it is certified gold.\n\nTrack listings\nUS CD, 7-inch, and cassette single\n \"How Do I Deal\" (single version) – 3:23\n \"Try to Say Goodbye\" (performed by Jory Eve) – 3:36\n\nEuropean CD single\n \"How Do I Deal\" – 3:24\n \"Sugar Is Sweeter\" (performed by CJ Bolland) – 5:34\n\nAustralian CD single\n \"How Do I Deal\" – 3:23\n \"Sugar Is Sweeter\" (Danny Saber Remix featuring Justin Warfield, performed by CJ Bolland) – 4:57\n \"Try to Say Goodbye\" (performed by Jory Eve) – 3:35\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nCertifications\n\nRelease history\n\nReferences\n\n143 Records singles\n1998 songs\n1999 singles\nJennifer Love Hewitt songs\nI Know What You Did Last Summer (franchise)\nMusic videos directed by Joseph Kahn\nSong recordings produced by Bruce Fairbairn\nSong recordings produced by David Foster\nSongs written for films\nWarner Records singles", "\"How Do You Do It?\" was the debut single by Liverpudlian band Gerry and the Pacemakers. It was written by Mitch Murray. The song reached number one in the UK Singles Chart on 11 April 1963, where it stayed for three weeks.\n\nHistory\nThe song was written by Mitch Murray, who offered it to Adam Faith and Brian Poole but was turned down. George Martin of EMI, feeling the song had enormous hit potential, decided to pick it up for the new group he was producing, the Beatles, as the A-side of their first single. The Beatles recorded the song on 4 September 1962 with Ringo Starr on drums. The group was initially opposed to recording it, feeling that it did not fit their sound, but worked out changes from Murray's demo-disc version. These included a new introduction, vocal harmony, an instrumental interlude, small lyric changes and removal of the half-step modulation for the last verse. Although Murray disliked their changes, the decision not to release the Beatles' version was primarily a business one. In fact, George Martin came very close to issuing \"How Do You Do It?\" as the Beatles' first single before settling instead on \"Love Me Do\", recorded during the same sessions. Martin commented later: \"I looked very hard at 'How Do You Do It?', but in the end I went with 'Love Me Do', it was quite a good record.\" McCartney would remark: \"We knew that the peer pressure back in Liverpool would not allow us to do 'How Do You Do It'.\"\n\nThe Beatles' version of \"How Do You Do It?\" was officially unissued for over 30 years, finally seeing release in November 1995 on the retrospective Anthology 1.\n\nWhile the Beatles' recording remained in the vaults, Martin still had faith in the song's appeal. Consequently, he had another new client, Gerry and the Pacemakers, record \"How Do You Do It?\" as their debut single in early 1963. This version of \"How Do You Do It?\", also produced by Martin, became a number-one hit in the UK until it was replaced by \"From Me to You\" (the Beatles' third single). It was the title song of a 7-inch EP that also featured \"Away From You\", \"I Like It\" and \"It's Happened to Me\" (Columbia SEG8257, released July 1963).\n\nChart performance\nGerry and the Pacemakers' version of \"How Do You Do It?\" was initially issued in the US and Canada in the spring of 1963, but made no impact on the charts. After the group had issued several chart singles in North America, the track was reissued in the summer of 1964. \"How Do You Do It?\" entered the US charts on 5 July 1964, eventually reaching number nine; it did even better in Canada, peaking at number six. Billboard described the song as a \"top-rated teen ballad\" with a \"great beat for dancing.\" Cash Box described it as a \"bright jumper...that's sure to get chart action right off the bat\" and also as \"a charming, teen-angled stomp-atwist’er...that the outfit knocks out in very commercial solo vocal and combo instrumental manner.\"\n\nIn their native UK, the single reached number one in the charts, staying there for three weeks in total.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nGerry Marsden fan site\nClassic Bands history page\n\n1963 songs\n1963 debut singles\nSongs written by Mitch Murray\nGerry and the Pacemakers songs\nThe Beatles songs\nDick and Dee Dee songs\nSong recordings produced by George Martin\nUK Singles Chart number-one singles\nColumbia Graphophone Company singles" ]

[ "The Cult", "The Cult (1994-1995)", "What was the Cult?", "the band released The Cult in October 1994, produced by Bob Rock.", "How did i do in the charts?", "The record achieved little success, only reaching No. 69 in the US and No. 21 in the UK." ]

[ "\"Paper Mansions\" is a song written by Ted Harris, recorded by American country music artist by Dottie West. The single was first a 45 RPM. It was released in February 1967 as the first single from her With All My Heart and Soul album (which sold quite well). This song was West's last Top 10 hit of the decade as a solo act. This song is an example of one of the few songs not written by West herself. The song was the last single released in 1967 and became a Top 10 hit in 1968, reaching No. 8 on the Hot Country Songs list on Billboard's chart. It didn't do as well on Cashbox's chart, only making the Top 15 there, at No. 13.\n\nThis song is one of West's better-known hits from the 1960s. This was virtually impossible to find on any Dottie West album until 1996, when RCA records released a compilation album of all her hits under RCA titled The Essential Dottie West. Lynn Anderson released a recording of this song on her album Promises, Promises.\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n1967 singles\nDottie West songs\nRCA Records singles\n1967 songs", "\"For You to Love\" is a 1988 song by the American recording artist Luther Vandross. The single was released in 1989 in support of his hit album Any Love. The song was a top five U.S. R&B hit that peaked to No. 3 on the R&B singles. Vandross' Any Love album charted three top-five singles on the Billboard Hot R&B Singles chart.\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n www.luthervandross.com\n\n1988 songs\nLuther Vandross songs\n1989 singles\nSongs written by Marcus Miller\nSongs written by Luther Vandross\nEpic Records singles" ]

[ "The Cult", "The Cult (1994-1995)", "What was the Cult?", "the band released The Cult in October 1994, produced by Bob Rock.", "How did i do in the charts?", "The record achieved little success, only reaching No. 69 in the US and No. 21 in the UK.", "Was there any hit songs released on that album?", "The single \"Coming Down (Drug Tongue)\"" ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "The Cult", "The Cult (1994-1995)", "What was the Cult?", "the band released The Cult in October 1994, produced by Bob Rock.", "How did i do in the charts?", "The record achieved little success, only reaching No. 69 in the US and No. 21 in the UK.", "Was there any hit songs released on that album?", "The single \"Coming Down (Drug Tongue)\"", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "When the band began the Beauty's On The Streets tour in winter 1994, they augmented the line up with James Stevenson on rhythm guitar." ]

[ "Le Cousin is a 1997 French film directed by Alain Corneau.\n\nPlot \nThe film deals with the relationship of the police and an informant in the drug scene.\n\nAwards and nominations\nLe Cousin was nominated for 5 César Awards but did not win in any category.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1997 films\n1997 crime films\nFilms about drugs\nFilms directed by Alain Corneau\nFrench crime films\nFrench films\nFrench-language films", "The African National Congress was a political party in Trinidad and Tobago. The party first contested national elections in 1961, when it received just 0.5% of the vote and failed to win a seat. They did not put forward any candidates for the 1966 elections, but returned for the 1971 elections, in which they received 2.4% of the vote, but again failed to win a seat as the People's National Movement won all 36. The party did not contest any further elections.\n\nReferences\n\nDefunct political parties in Trinidad and Tobago" ]

[ "The Cult", "The Cult (1994-1995)", "What was the Cult?", "the band released The Cult in October 1994, produced by Bob Rock.", "How did i do in the charts?", "The record achieved little success, only reaching No. 69 in the US and No. 21 in the UK.", "Was there any hit songs released on that album?", "The single \"Coming Down (Drug Tongue)\"", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "When the band began the Beauty's On The Streets tour in winter 1994, they augmented the line up with James Stevenson on rhythm guitar.", "Did they win any awards?", "none of the songs gained much commercial success." ]

[ "Supernatural was a Swedish pop group that consisted of the winners of the second season of the Swedish reality TV show Popstars. In Sweden the show was broadcast on Kanal5 in 2003.\nThe band had several hits with songs like Supernatural and Rock U. Supernatural was expected to take part in the Swedish precursor selections for the Eurovision Song Contest in 2003 but its record label did not publicize the band sufficiently and the members subsequently split up in 2004 after arguments with their record label.\n\nMembers\nMathilda Carmbrant\nLinda Eriksson (aka Linda Varg)\nSandra Leto\nRobert Skowronski\nSebastian Zelle\n\nAfter split-up\nThe members of Supernatural started a new band, this time with the name Caught Up, but it did not experience the same success.\n\nDiscography\n\nAlbums\n\nSingles\n\nReferences\n\nPopstars winners\nSwedish pop music groups", "Agathocles is a Belgian political grindcore band that began in 1985. They are mainly known for producing a large quantity of split seven-inch EPs. They play a style of grindcore that they have dubbed \"mincecore\". Lyrical themes of the band have focused on anti-fascism, animal liberation and anarchism. All members of Agathocles are vegetarian.\n\nTheir lineup has changed numerous times since they first started, the only consistent member being Jan Frederickx (also known as Jan AG).\n\nBiography\n\n1980s\nAgathocles formed in the Belgian city of Mol, aspiring to sound like bands such as Lärm or Hellhammer. Although the band itself did not form until 1985, its original members (Jan and Erwin) had been involved in the underground metal/punk scene since the beginning of the decade, releasing compilation tapes and zines. Most of the rehearsal tapes they recorded during their first year together have now been lost, although a few survive, mainly in the form of appearances on compilations from the time.\n\nAgathocles first started playing concerts a year later, in 1985, although audiences were always limited due to there only being a small minority who listened to the type of extreme music the band was producing. That year, the band had an on-air interview on the local radio station.\n\nBy 1987, the band's line-up had begun to settle, albeit temporarily, in the form of Jan, Ronny and Erwin. The band had also found a long-term rehearsal space, where they would not receive complaints (or even get kicked out) because of the noise as they had made in earlier rehearsal rooms. This was in a youth club in Mol, \"Jam\", where they recorded more compilation tracks and organised more small concerts. They even played gigs with other bands who would become equally famous in later years, such as Napalm Death and Pestilence (and later Extreme Noise Terror, as well as smaller bands such as Violent Mosquitos and Total Mosh Project.)\n\nThe first Agathocles releases were issued in 1988, which saw the arrival of a split EP with Riek Boois, as well as their first solo outing, Cabbalic Gnosticism, both of which were originally issued on cassette. Other material was recorded at the same time, although this was not released until later. By this time the band had 4 members, as Jakke had joined on guitar in December the year before, allowing Jan to concentrate on vocals.\n\nAnother guitarist, Guy, joined a year later, in 1989, and the split LP with the band Drudge was recorded and released on Deaf Records, as well as several other EPs. Towards the end of the year, the line-up changed yet again, with the bassist, Ronny, leaving the band and guitarist Jakke taking over from him.\n\n1990s\nA major line-up change occurred at the beginning of the decade, in May 1990, when Jan got rid of all the other members of the band and found two new members instead - Domingo on guitar and Burt on drums, with Jan now playing bass. Domingo and Burt were both from little-known Belgian grindcore band Necrosis, who recorded only one demo, in 1990. With the new line-up, the band ceased rehearsing in Mol, moving instead to the drummer's home town of Zichem. Several more EPs were released in the same year and, with the band growing in popularity, they played gigs in Denmark as well as Belgium and went on a mini tour with the Japanese grindcore band SxOxB.\n\nMore line-up changes occurred throughout the next few years. Ex-Agathocles drummer Erwin briefly returned in 1991, now playing bass guitar. After only a few months with this line-up, Domingo left the band, leaving the band as a three-piece group during the recording of their Agarchy EP in July. However, the band soon had four members again when Domingo was replaced by Chris. It was with this line-up that they recorded Theatric Symbolisation Of Life, but towards the end of the year, Erwin left the band again and Agathocles got a new bassist called Dirk.\n\nIn the summer of 1991, Agathocles also went on another tour, this time in East Germany, with vocalist Tuur from fellow Belgian mincecore band Reign Of Terror. Tuur did vocals for this tour because guitarist Chris was unable to tour with the band, so Jan had to take over his guitarist duties.\n\nThe band's line-up changed again in May 1992 when guitarist Chris and bassist Dirk left to form their own band. Agathocles found a new guitarist to take over from Chris - Steve (from Belgian grindcore band Intestinal Disease) - and Jan played bass guitar (as well as doing vocals). Two of the band's LPs (Cliché? and Use Your Anger) were recorded with this new line-up and they also played one gig in Italy for the first time in a small town named Macomer (Sardinia).\n\nThe band remained a 3-piece group throughout 1993, with the line-up staying consistent as Jan, Burt and Steve. It was with this line-up that Agathocles went on a major European tour, visiting Belgium, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany and the Netherlands, as well as recording several more split EPs. In 1994, the band retained the same line-up, this time touring in Spain (in July of that year), where they recorded the Mince Mongers In Barna EP in the rehearsal room of Spanish mincecore band Violent Headache. The Black Clouds Determinate CD was also recorded in this year.\n\nThe line-up stayed the same during the first half of 1995, during which time Agathocles recorded their album Razor Sharp Daggers, as well as featuring on the compilation Metalopolis, which was released by the Belgian radio station Studio Brussel. In the summer, however, the line-up changed again, with Matty replacing Steve on guitar.\n\nThis line-up would stay constant through 1996 and for most of 1997, two years in which Agathocles did a lot more touring. This started at the beginning of 1996, when the band visited Turkey, playing alongside the band Radical Noise, and then they toured the Czech Republic with the mincecore band Malignant Tumour. During this tour, the band recorded a video as a benefit for a Czech animal rights group. As well as recording the album Thanks For Your Hostility and several more split EPs, Agathocles also recorded a studio session in 1996 on the radio station Studio Brussel. Another such session was done the year later, this time in the BBC studios in England, where they recorded a Peel Session, in the same way that many other famous grindcore bands have done. 1997 was also the year that the Humarrogance album was recorded (as well as even more split EPs) and the band also toured in Germany with Swedish band Driller Killer. In November, the line-up changed again, when the band returned to being a four-piece, with Vince joining as the bass guitarist.\n\nWith this new line-up, the band toured again in Germany with Driller Killer in 1998 before Matty and Vince left the band in June and Dirk rejoined as the guitarist, with Jan playing bass again. This new line-up, of Jan, Burt and Dirk recorded several more split EPs, and toured in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. They also played gigs with other bands in the underground scene such as Unholy Grave, My Minds Mine and Malignant Tumour. The band ended the decade with a line-up that would last for several years into the new millennium.\n\n2000s \nIn 2000, Agathocles released their sixth full-length, To Serve… to Protect, that was distributed through the Italian label Vacation House (later re-released with bonus tracks by the Brazilian labels No Fashion HC and Heavy Metal Rock).\n\nMembers\nJan Frederickx - guitar, vocals (1985-)\nNils Laureys - drums, vocals (2007-)\nKoen - guitar (2012-)\n\nPast members \nErwin Vandenbergh - drums (1985-1990) bass (1991)\nRonny - bass (1987-1989)\nJakke - guitar (1987-1990)\nGuy - guitar (1989-1990)\nDomingo Smets - guitar (1990)\nBurt Beyens - drums (1990-2002)\nChris - guitar (1991-1992)\nDirk - bass (1991-1992)\nSteve Houtmeyers - guitar (1992-1995)\nMatty Dupont - guitar (1995-1998)\nDirk Cuyks - guitar (1998-2007)\nRoel Tulleneers - drums (2002-2007)\nTony Schepkens - bass (2007-2008)\nBram Criekemans - bass (2008-2012)\n\nDiscography\n\nCDs\nKeizershof disaster* 1986-2016 punk/straight edge/hardcore/crust\nTheatric Symbolisation of Life''' 1992Use Your Anger 1992Black Clouds Determinate 1994Razor Sharp Daggers 1995The LPs: 1989-1991 1996Thanks For Your Hostility 1996Humarrogance 1997Split with Axed Up Conformist 1999 To Serve... to Protect... 2000Superiority Overdose 20014-Way Split with Abortion, Din-Addict and Malignant Tumour 2001Bomb Brussels (Live Album) 2001Alive & Mincing (Live Album) 2003Mincemania In Bulgaria 2004Mincer 2006Get Off your Ass/In Noise we Noise Split with Ruido Genital 2007Night Train To Terror split with Saul Turteltaub 2007Split with The Vanishing Act 2008Split with Armatura 2008Abstract split with Cü Sujo 2008Grind is Protest 2009Split with Crowd Control 2009\"Imaginary Boundaries\" 4-way split with Detrua Ideo/Violenta Dizimacao/Pissdeads 2009This is Not a Threat, It's a Promise 20104 way split with Kerenaneko, Prosuck and Rvota 2011Kanpai!! 2012Agathocles/Nauseate - Split CD 2014Commence to Mince 2016We Just Don't Fit 2018Baltimore Mince Massacre 2020\n\nLPsSupposed It Was You (split with Drudge) 1989Split with Lunatic Invasion 1991Theatric Symbolisation Of Life 1992Agarchy / Use Your Anger 1997Split with Deadmocracy 1998Until It Bleeds (Best Of) 1997Live and Noisy (Live) 1997Mincecore (Compilation) 1998To Serve... To Protect 1999Live in Leipzig, Germany 1991 (Live) 1999Mincecore History 1985-1990 (Compilation) 2000Keep Mincing (Compilation) 2001Superiority Overdose 2001Mincecore History 1989-1993 (Best of) 2001Chop Off Their Trust (Split) 2002Live Aalst Belgium 1989 (Split) 2002Until It Bleeds Again (1994-1999) (Best of) 2002\nSplit With Sterbe Hilfe - Emoc T'now Modcnik Yht! (Split Album) 2003To Serve... To Protect / Leads To... (Best of) 2003\n\nEPsIf This Is Gore, What's Meat Then (split with Riek Boois) 1988Split with Disgorge 1989Split with V.N.A. 1989Fascination of Mutilation 1989If This Is Cruel What's Vivisection Then? 1989Who Profits? Who Dies? (split with Morbid Organs Mutilation (M.O.M.)) 1989Split with Blood 1990Split with Smegma 1991Split with Putrid Offal 1991Split with Psycho 1991Agarchy 1991Cliché? 1992Split with Social Genocide 1993Blind World (split with Nasum) 1993Split with Starvation 1993War Scars (split with Kompost) 1993Distrust And Abuse 1993Split with Nyctophobic 1993Split with Bad Acid Trip 1993No Use ...For Hatred 1993Split with Patareni 1993Split with Smash The Brain 1993Split with Man Is The Bastard 1993Split with Plastic Grave 1994Split with Audiorrea 1994Split with Averno 1994Split with Punisher 1994Mince-Mongers in Barna 1994Split with Carcass Grinder 1994Split with Rot 1994Back To 1987 (Best Of Album) 1994Split with Notoken 1995Split with Voltifobia 1996Split with Vomit Fall 1996Split with Preparation H 1996Split with Autoritor 1996Split with Krush 1996Bomb Brussels 1996Minced Alive 1996Split with Black Army Jacket 1996Split with No Gain - Just Pain 1996Split with Respect 1997Split with Böses Blut 1997Split with PP7 Gaftzeb 1997Split with Looking For Answer 1997Split with Monolith (grindcore) 1997Split with Shikabane 1997Split with Malignant Tumour 1997Split with D.I.E. 1997Split with BWF 1997Split with Abstain 1997Split with Mitten Spider 1997Split with Comrades 1998Split with Spud 1998Split with Bloodsucker 1998Split with Depressor 1998Split with Hunt Hunters 1999Split with Glass Eyes 1999Split with Disreantiyouthhellchristbastardassmanx 1999Split with Grind Buto 1999Split with Piles Left to Rot 2000Split with Kontatto 2000Split with Din-Addict 2000Split with Brutal Headache 2000Kicked and Whipped/Keep On Selling Cocaine to Angels 2000Split with Disculpa 2000Split with Jan AG 2002Split with Front Beast 2003Split with Sodan Sankareita 2003Split EP with The Mad Thrashers 2004Split EP with Kadaverficker 2004Split with ... Our Last Beer(s) 2004Split with dios hastío 2005Split with Archagathus 2006Split with Seven Minutes of Nausea 2007Split with J. Briglia, L. Butler, D. Schoonmaker & J. Williams 2008Split with SMG 2008Split with Armatura 2008Split with Crowd Control 2008Split with I Hope You Suffer 2008Split with Repulsione 2008Split with Disleksick 2009Split with ShitFuckingShit and GAPSplit with Jandek (collaboration) Split with Sposa In Alto Mare (7 inches) 2011Split with Kurws (5 inches) 2013Split with Necrology 2015Split EP with G.I. Joke 2015Split with GodCum 2018\n Split with LtxDan 2017Split with Antikult 2019Split with Terminal Filth Wimpcore Killer (7 inch) 2021\n\nDTsCabbalic Gnosticism 1988Live In Gierle 1989\n\nDVDsSuperiority Overdose'' 2002\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Agathocles Interview at Diabolical Conquest Webzine\n\nBelgian grindcore musical groups\nMusical groups established in 1985\nBelgian musical trios\nGeel\n1985 establishments in Belgium" ]

[ "The Cult", "The Cult (1994-1995)", "What was the Cult?", "the band released The Cult in October 1994, produced by Bob Rock.", "How did i do in the charts?", "The record achieved little success, only reaching No. 69 in the US and No. 21 in the UK.", "Was there any hit songs released on that album?", "The single \"Coming Down (Drug Tongue)\"", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "When the band began the Beauty's On The Streets tour in winter 1994, they augmented the line up with James Stevenson on rhythm guitar.", "Did they win any awards?", "none of the songs gained much commercial success.", "Did the band split up?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Master's mate is an obsolete rating which was used by the Royal Navy, United States Navy and merchant services in both countries for a senior petty officer who assisted the master. Master's mates evolved into the modern rank of Sub-Lieutenant in the Royal Navy, while in the merchant service they evolved into the numbered mates or officers.\n\nRoyal Navy\nOriginally, a master's mate was an experienced petty officer who assisted the master but was not in line for promotion to lieutenant. By the mid-eighteenth century, he was far more likely to be a superior midshipman, still waiting to pass his examination for lieutenant or to receive his commission, but taking rather more responsibility aboard ship. Six master's mates were allowed on a first rate, three on a third rate, and two on most frigates.\n\nDuties\n\nMaster's mates were experienced seamen, and were usually selected from the ranks of the quartermasters, who they supervised, or from the ranks of midshipmen who wanted more responsibility aboard ship; they were less commonly selected from other mates of warrant officers and able seamen. Master's mates were allowed to command vessels, walk the quarterdeck, and mess in the gunroom with the other warrant officers. \n\nMaster's mates were responsible for fitting out the ship, and making sure they had all the sailing supplies necessary for the voyage. They hoisted and lowered the anchor, and docked and undocked the ship. They would examine the ship daily, notifying the master if there were problems with the sails, masts, ropes, or pulleys. They executed the orders of the master, and would command in his place if he was sick or absent.\n\nNormally master's mates worked on a three-watch system, with the lieutenants, so that one served as the deputy to the lieutenant on each watch. Master's mates generally assisted the master in navigating the ship and directly supervised the quartermasters in steering the ship. The master's mate with the highest seniority was appointed the head of the midshipman's berth and was responsible for teaching mathematics, navigation, and sailing lore. Master's mates had to keep detailed logs similar to midshipmen. They were also responsible for the division of the crew that included the petty officers.\n\nSecond master \n\nSecond master was a rating introduced in 1753 that indicated a deputy master on 3rd rate ships of the line or larger. Master's mates also acted as Second Master of vessels too small to be allocated a warranted Master. They were paid significantly more than master's mates, £5 5s per month. A second master was generally a master's mate who had passed his examination for master and was deemed worthy of being master of a vessel. Second masters were given the first opportunity for master vacancies as they occurred.\n\nMate \n\nPassed midshipmen awaiting promotion often elected to become master's mates. Though formally the rating did not lead to promotion to lieutenant, master's mates were paid more than any other rating and were the only ratings allowed to command any sort of vessel. A midshipman who became master's mate earned an increase in pay from £1 13s 6p to £3 16s per month, but initially reduced his chances at a commission. Over time, however, an appointment of master's mate became considered a normal part of the path to a commission; the situation caused some confusion during the last part of the 18th century, when two parallel roles - master's mates trying to become masters, and former midshipmen working toward a commission - held the same title and responsibilities aboard ship.\n\nBy the first years of the nineteenth century, the prefix \"master's\" was dropped for passed midshipman, to distinguish them from master's mates in the navigator's branch. In 1824 two further grades were also introduced, consisting of master's assistants and second-class volunteers. These corresponded to midshipmen and first-class volunteers respectively in the executive line. From this point, passed midshipmen had the rating master's mate, abbreviated as mate, and prospective masters had the rating master's assistant. These changes helped eliminate the confusion caused by the mingling of midshipmen in the navigator's branch. In 1838 a Royal Commission, presided over by the Duke of Wellington, recommended the institution of the rank of mate as an official step between midshipman and lieutenant. \n\nBy 1840 there were two completely separate \"ladders\" for promotion:\n\nRenaming and later use \n\nIn 1861 mate was abolished in favor of sub-lieutenant. This made no practical difference to the officers in question since they continued to receive the same pay as before. But the new title was more distinctive; it brought them into line with their opposite numbers in the Army and established them as commissioned officers. In 1867, master was renamed navigating-lieutenant, so at the same time second master was renamed navigating sub-lieutenant and the master's assistant was renamed navigating midshipman.\n\nMate was revived in 1913 for the accelerated promotion of promising ratings, and mates ranked with sub-lieutenants but messed separately. In 1931 the title was abandoned again, and mates were re-mustered as sub-lieutenants.\n\nUS Navy\n\nAs a warrant officer \n\nIn the U.S. Navy, the rank of master's mate was established 1797 as a warrant officer rank, but it was disestablished in 1813. After 1843 no more warrants were issued but those who had been appointed continued to hold their office and received their pay. In 1865, it was replaced by the rating mate. \n\nBy an act of the United States Congress in 1906, the mates on the U.S. Navy retired list were promoted to the next higher grade if they had creditable American Civil War service, which most of them had. They were given warrant rank and rated with the lowest grade of warrant officer.\n\nAs a seaman \n\nMaster's mate was re-established in 1838 as a rating for experienced seamen, and was not considered a Warrant rank. At the same time sailing master was renamed master, master commandant was renamed commander, and some masters were commissioned as officers, formally \"Master in line for Promotion\" to distinguish them from the warrant masters who would not be promoted. \n\nIn 1865, master's Mate was changed to \"mate\", and the United States Secretary of the Navy was authorized to increase their pay and to rate them from Seaman to Ordinary Seaman who had enlisted in the naval service for not less than two years. The act of 15 July 1870 gave formal recognition to mates as part of the naval forces and their pay was fixed at $900 when at sea, $700 on shore duty, and $500 on leave or awaiting orders. \n\nThe quota of mates in the Navy was not fixed, but there was maximum of about 842 on 1 January 1865, during the Civil War. The Navy stopped making appointments to the rank of mate in 1870 but allowed those in serving in the position to remain in service. The U.S. Navy Register of Commissioned Officers of 1871 shows there were 130 mates on active duty as of January 1st. The number gradually diminished until 1 July 1894 when there were only 27 remaining. \n\nThe Navy resumed appointing mates in 1897 in limited quantities. The 1899 Register shows a total of 34 mates on active duty with 12 being appointed in 1870 or earlier, 6 in 1897 and 16 in 1898. The revival of the rank of mate was only temporary as most of the remaining mates were promoted to the warrant officer rank of Boatswain in 1899. In the Navy Register of 1903 only 7 mates were listed as being on active duty. The Navy started appointing mates that year and by January 1, 1907, there were 39 on active duty. The revival was short lived as by January 1, 1908, there were no mates on active duty.\n\nRetirement and pensions \n\nBefore 1 August 1894 there had been no authority for retirement of these men, but on that date a law was passed increasing the pay of those in the Navy and providing that they should have the same benefits of retirement as warrant officers. One purpose of the act was to make the retired pay of mates large enough to induce them to retire. By an act of Congress in 1906, the mates on the U.S. Navy retired list were promoted to the next higher grade if they had creditable Civil War service, which most of them had. They were given warrant rank and rated with the lowest grade of warrant officer. They were still called mates, but whether they were officers or enlisted men apparently was not clear. A year after the passage of this act the Attorney General of the United States published the legal opinion that mates \"occupy the status of both officers in the Navy and enlisted men\".\n\nMerchant service \n\nIn the merchant service, master's mates were the officers immediately subordinate to the master and frequently divided by seniority into first, second, third (etc.) mate which evolved into the modern terms First Mate, Second Mate and Third Mate. Since the 1930s, there has been a tendency in the merchant service to replace mate with officer (e.g. First Officer).\n\nSee also\nMaster (naval)\nMidshipman\nSub-lieutenant\nWarrant Officer\n\nReferences\n\nNaval ranks\nMilitary ranks of the Royal Navy\nMilitary ranks of the United States Navy", "Jack Mates ( – date of death unknown) was a Welsh international footballer. He was part of the Wales national football team between 1891 and 1897, playing 3 matches.\n\nMates was a member of the Chirk team that won the Welsh Cup in 1889–90, and was one of twenty internationals to have originated from the club. He played his first match for Wales on 7 February 1891 against Ireland and his last match on 29 March 1897 against England.\n\nSee also\n List of Wales international footballers (alphabetical)\n\nReferences\n\n1870 births\nWelsh footballers\nWales international footballers\nChirk AAA F.C. players\nPlace of birth missing\nYear of death missing\nAssociation footballers not categorized by position" ]