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6,777 | #
# I've gotten very few posts on this group in the last couple days. (I
# recently added it to my feed list.) Is it just me, or is this group
# near death?
#
Seen from the mailing list side, I'm getting about the right amount of
traffic.
Patrick L. Mahan
--- TGV Window Washer ------------------------------- [email protected] ---------
Waking a person unnecessarily should not be considered - Lazarus Long
a capital crime. For a first offense, that is From the Notebooks of
Lazarus Long
Patrick L. Mahan
--- TGV Window Washer ------------------------------- [email protected] --------- | 16 | trimmed_train |
7,510 | From: New Liberation News Service <nlns>
Subject: NLNS: Fascism with a Friendly Face
/* Written 8:33 pm Apr 14, 1993 by [email protected] in igc:nlns.news */
/* ---------- "NLNS Packet 3.11 *** 4-14-93" ---------- */
Fascism with a Friendly Face: Does Rush Limbaugh Remind You of
Anyone?
Daevid Bornhuetter-Machen, The Madison Edge
"The main difference between Adolf Hitler and Rush Limbaugh is that
Hitler was original and showed initiative."
--Mort Sahl on The Tom Snyder Radio Show, ABC Radio Network,
October 27, 1992.
(NLNS)--Believe it or not, I was planning this comparative review of
Mein Kampf and Limbaugh's transcribed rant, The Way Things Ought to
Be before Sahl issued his comparative review. As usual, Sahl's was
independent and sharp as a scalpel.
My effort can only dream of comparing favorably to Mort's. At
least it has a fairly popular orginating premise; everyone I'd mention the
idea to thought it was either divinely inspired or at least past due for
delivery.
Those reactions are based on parallels that should be obvious to the
most peripheral observer of the Acts of those False Prophets. Both are
noted for their galvanizing oratorical skills, which they both used with
passion to generate a political cult of massive numerical proportions (in
fact, Limbaugh claims to have an audience of just over 12 million, almost
identical to the number of votes cast for Hitler in the April 1932 German
election). Both used a myopic social perspective to build the cult, and
enthusiastically amputated facts from the record to fabricate their
ideological quilt.
The last point is glaringly documented by passages in the opening
pages of both books. Hitler's example is when, on page 5, he claims the
German nationalist terrorist Leo Schlageter (he bombed part of a railway
line between Dusseldorf and Duisburg, being caught in the act, in 1923)
was "betrayed to France by a representative of his government" when
there has never been any factual foundation for such a statement.
In fact, the governments of both the Reich and Prussia, as well as
the Vatican, actively intervened to save him from execution, and almost
succeeded. Limbaugh follows suit by making the hysterically sarcastic
claim in his introduction that "in a school or during a commencement
ceremony or many other public places... God is unconstitutional." Of
course, it's not God but the official imposition of particular concepts of
God against an individual's will that's unconstitutional. But Limbaugh is
too gleeful in his talent for distortion to want you to know that.
Of course, one would assume that, by comparing the two books,
my main point would be that The Way Things Ought to Be is the modern
American Mein Kampf. Not really. At the time of the first German version
of Mein Kampf, Hitler was just four months out of prison (June, 1925),
and trying to reorganize the Nazis. He used the book to build his dozen
million followers. Limbaugh, on the other hand, came up with his book
after building his dozen million. Twelve million went a longer way in
Weimar Germany that it does in the Republicrat United States.
Thus, the more accurate parallels would be that Limbaugh's daily
three-hour radio show is the American Mein Kampf, the primary
propoganda tool used to pump up the angry volume; and that The Way
Things Ought to Be is actually the American Triumph of the Will, a
translation of the same fascist message into a different medium. Also, the
printed word was the more important medium in Weimar Germany, since
radio was still being thought of by impoverished Germans as a medium of
luxury in 1925. Today, on the other hand, Americans are more likely to
spend a few seconds to tune a radio dial at no monetary charge than drop
$22 for 304 pages of transcripts of the same words.
But, as Mort Sahl also observed on the radio the other night, some
cloutmeister of the radical right wants Limbaugh to be a focal point of
their propoganda. (And remember, Sahl is an Al Haig conservative these
days.)
Mort might not know exactly who Rush's equivalent of Rodolf
Hess is (the book itself suggests Ed McLaughlin, the former president of
ABC radio and now Limbaugh's partner in EFM Media, the radio
program's production company). But Mort himself is a veteran of the talk
show, having hosted them in New York, Washington and Los Angeles. He
knows what evil lurks in the hearts of major market media men. He knows
that Limbaugh could not have collected his audience had not the
opportunity been placed on a silver platter and handed to him. Limbaugh
earns his money just as honestly as Al Capone did; it's almost worthy of a
RICO indictment.
On questions of social issues, there is an overabundance of
material in the Limbaugh book that seems to echo Hitler's venom. For
example:
On Their Own Qualifications to Control Society
Hitler: "Out of the host of sometimes millions of people, who
individually more or less clearly and distinctly guess the truth, partly
perhaps understand it, one man [author's emphasis] must step forward in
order to form, with apodeictic force, out of the wavering world of
imagination of the great masses, granite principles, and to take up the fight
for their sole correctness, until out of the playing waves of a free world of
thought a brazen rock of uniform combination of form and will arises"
(page 577).
Limbaugh: "Who needs the media when they've got me? ... The
show is devoted exclusively to what I think ... [the phrase "with half my
brain tied behind my back to make it even"] denotes the egress of mental
aptitude I require to engage and demolish liberals and others who disagree
with me ... It might take four or five years, but I'm convinced The Media
will slowly and reluctantly come around to my way of thinking, kicking
and screaming all the way." (pages 266, 21, 299 and 273, respectively.)
On Religion as the Basis of a Nation
Hitler: "In this world human culture and civilization are
inseperably bound up with the existence of the Aryan. His dying-off or his
decline would again lower upon this earth the dark veils of a time without
culture ... He who dares to lay hand upon the highest image of the Lord
sins against the benevolent Creator of this miracle and helps in the
expulsion from Paradise." (Page 581.)
Limbaugh: "America was founded as a Judeo-Christian country ...
But our intellectual and political elites are often either hostile or
ambivalent toward religion ... People for whom belief in God is at best a
charming superstition have managed to ban prayer from the public schools
for the last thirty years. Is it only a coincidence that the quality of
American education has declined ever since?" (pages 274-5.)
On Popular Culture as a Reason for Social Collapse
Hitler: "The fight against the poisoning of the soul has to set in ...
One has only to look at the menus of our movie houses, vaudevilles and
theatres; and one can hardly deny that this is not the right kind of food ...
Theatre, art, literature, movies, the press, billposters and window displays
must be cleaned of the symptoms of a rotting world and put into the
service of a moral idea of State and culture." (pages 346 and 348.)
Limbaugh: "Today, Hollywood is in trouble. The reason [is] that
Hollywood has forgotten who its audience is ... They make fun of people
who believe in God. They ridicule the traditional family, heterosexuality
and monagamy. They disparage American heroes." (page 254.)
On the News Meida
Hitler: "The activity of the so-called liberal press was the work of
gravediggers for the German people and the German Reich. One can pass
by in silence the Marxist papers of lies ... it's task is only to break the
people's folkish and national spine, in order to make it ripe for the yoke of
slavery of international capital and its masters, the Jews." (Page 331.)
Limbaugh: "Elements of The Media have jumped on the
bandwagon of leftist causes. The cynical journalist of the past has been
replaced in many cases by an enthusiastic cheerleader for causes ... During
the Gulf war, CNN correspondent Bernard Shaw [said] CNN is a global
network. We can't take sides. Cant take sides? --- --- ---! ... If they don't
realize that their freedom lies in the United States of America and that
therefore they should defend this nation, they are hopelessly misguided
and, may I suggest, flirting with megalomania." (pages 270 and 268.)
* * *
To continue these comparative excerpts is certainly possible, but
ultimately too depressing to take in one reading.
After putting these books down, there is one undeniable fact that
haunts me. In the 1920s, Adolf Hitler fed depressed and frightened
Germans the opiate of hatred of those around them; in turn, it allowed
Germans to hand their collective national power to the Nazis. In the 1990s,
Rush Limbaugh is doing the very same thing: distributing hatred to
depressed and frightened Americans; in turn, it is helping the American
radical right to maintain its power base as the 12-year nightmare of the
Reagan-Bush era comes to an end, hoping to rebuild it into their hopes for
The Fascist States of America.
And if Limbaugh is not as repellant a Hitler, it is only because the
radical right utilizes Limbaugh as its own gateway opiate. One can only
wonder what the ultimate drug is they plan to hook America on.
The Madison Edge can be reached at PO Box 845, Madison, WI 53701-
0845; (608) 255-4460. | 13 | trimmed_train |
1,773 |
I no longer have the textbook, but abstinence was defined as something
like "no contact between the penis and the vagina, vulva, or area
immediately surrounding the vulva, and no transfer of semen to the
vagina, vulva, or area surrounding the vulva".
That is, abstinence wasn't discussed as "sex outside of marriage is
morally wrong" but as keep the sperm away from the ovum and conception
is impossible. The moral question I recall the teacher asking was,
"is it okay to create a child if you aren't able to be a good parent
yet?"
-jen
-- | 0 | trimmed_train |
5,116 |
Up to 60 microamperes = on hook
Over something like 10 mA = off hook
In between = defective line, and the phone company comes looking
for leaky insulation.
| 11 | trimmed_train |
11,140 |
Rolls-Royce owned by a non-British firm?
Ye Gods, that would be the end of civilization as we know it. | 12 | trimmed_train |
4,208 | Actually I am trying to write something like this but I encounter some
problems, amongst them:
- drawing a 3d wireframe view of a quadric/quartic requires that you have
the explicit equation of the quadric/quartic (x, y, z functions of some
parameters). How to convert the implicit equation used by PoV to an
explicit one? Is it mathematically always possible? | 1 | trimmed_train |
9,244 | A while back someone had several equations which could be used for changing 3 f
iltered grey scale images into one true color image. This is possible because
it's the same theory used by most color scanners. I am not looking for the obv
ious solution which is to buy a color scanner but what I do need is those equat
ions becasue I am starting to write software which will automate the conversion
process. I would really appreciate it if someone would repost the 3 equations
/3 unknowns. Thanks for the help!!!
| 1 | trimmed_train |
1,550 | Dear Fellow Usenet Users:
I would like to give a formal apology for posting an advertisement
about my printing business. I did not intend this to be an advertisement,
but rather an offer for people on the usenet, many of whom use printing
on a regular basis. I was not aware that this is not "legal" on the usenet.
I am only trying to put myself through college. For those of you who
requested information, I will write to you privately. For those of you who
are having fun flooding my mailbox, I think you can grow up. To offer advice
is one thing, but to use profanity toward me is another.
Thank you, | 5 | trimmed_train |
2,677 |
But I gotta tell ya,
If the Hawks can't beat the Blues in a game that
IS significant I can't wait to see how the Blues
might do against Toronto ;)
BTW, if you think that the Hawks deserved to win that game
I think you were not watching the same one everyone else
was.
ROAR'IN LEAF FAN | 17 | trimmed_train |
9,083 | #The fact that she was wearing a miniskirt with no underwear was
#presented as evidence that she was a prostitute, and the court
#apparently found this compelling.
Ah, I know women who wear miniskirts without wearing underwear, and
they are not prostitutes.
#Because the judge found that there was some credible evidence that the
#Marines were engaged in self-defense. Got it, knucklehead?
Gee, Both Clayton and Kaldis engaging in ad hominem arguments.
I presented evidence that what you said is *NOT* what the judge ruled.
Provide your evidence. Repeating a false claim is not evidence.
| 13 | trimmed_train |
3,310 | WHATS THIS 680x1024 256 color mode? Asking a lot of your hardware ? | 1 | trimmed_train |
792 |
Yeah, Cancer is pretty cool, isn't it. | 13 | trimmed_train |
1,703 | RE: Red, wwhite, and black, the colors of the Imperial German war-flag -- | 15 | trimmed_train |
8,683 | :
: Probably not. But then, I don't pack heavy weaponry with intent to use it.
: You don't really think he should have been allowed to keep that stuff do
: you? If so, tell me where you live so I can be sure to steer well clear.
I understand that they had the neccessary licenses and permits to own
automatic weapons.
: The public also has rights, and they should be placed above those of the
: individual. Go ahead, call me a commie, but you'd be singing a different
: tune if I exercised my right to rape your daughter. He broke the law, he
: was a threat to society, they did there job - simple.
I haven't seen any proof (or even evidence) that the BD's had broken the
law. If you have proof (or evidence), let's hear it. "The FBI said so" is
NOT evidence.
:
: I'll support them all (except no. 2) | 15 | trimmed_train |
2,563 |
Contrary to what others might have thought, I actually did have a SCSI drive
once. It was the Seagate 296N and the ST-02 controller. I found that the
controller couldn't keep up with a 1:1 interleave, so the best I could do
with the drive was a 2:1 interleave and a data transfer of about 450 k/sec. | 3 | trimmed_train |
1,972 | I apologize if this post isn't entirely appropriate for the newsgroup.
I would like to correspond with any Christians attending the University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. I will be transfering there in August to
complete my Ph.D. and I thought it would be nice to correspond with people
before I moved out.
| 0 | trimmed_train |
292 |
On my LC (RZ to any ex-colonists) I replaced the bolt at the bottom of the barrel
with a tap. When I wanted a coffee I could just rev the engine until boiling
and pour out a cup of hot water.
I used ethylene glycol as antifreeze rather than methanol as it tastes sweeter.
(-: | 12 | trimmed_train |
4,105 |
This is a lovely area for anecdotes, but I am sure you are on to something.
As a physician, I almost never get sick: usually, when something horrendous
is going around, I either don't get it at all or get a very mild case.
When I do get really sick, it is always something unusual.
This was not the situation when I was in medical school, particularly on
pediatrics. I never had younger siblings myself, and when I went on the
pediatric wards I suddenly found myself confronting all sorts of infectious
challenges that my body was not ready for. Pediatrics for me was three solid
months of illness, and I had a temp of 104 when I took the final exam!
I think what happens is that during training, and beyond, we are constantly
exposed to new things, and we have the usual reactions to them, so that later
on, when challenged with something, it is more likely a re-exposure for us,
so we deal with it well and get a mild illness. I don't think it is that
the immune system is hyped up in any way. Also, don't forget that the
hospital flora is very different from the home, and we carry a lot of that
around. | 19 | trimmed_train |
1,621 |
Request for opinions:
Which is better - a one-piece Aerostitch or a two-piece Aerostitch?
We're looking for more than "Well, the 2-pc is more versatile, but the
1-pc is better protection,..."
Thanks in advance,
Nadine
What is best? Books have been written on that! But in regard to
AeroStich it really depends on your particular size, shape and needs.
If you upper and lower body are not proportional (according to aero
dimensions) then it probably is going to be better mixing and matching
the 2 piece suit. I have the 2 piece suit and I am very happy with it.
Having my life quota of scars from crashing off road, I am very
concerned with good protection and I believe that the difference in
protection between the 1 and 2 piece suits is almost negligible. I
think the optional hip pads and back protector make much more of a
difference. One thing that is nice about the 2 piece is if you go
somewhere and then want to walk around for a while (still with jacket)
you can just detach and stow the pants.
One thing to note is that Goldfine has problems getting a good fit for
many women (with standard suits). Supposedly for smaller women (and
petite men for that matter) the 1 piece will fit better.
Another recommendation is to pay for mods if you need them. I wish I
got 2-3 inches added to my pant legs. I find the Long suits are not
really that long (I can't imagine how short the standard suits must
be).
| 12 | trimmed_train |
1,298 | From what I've seen in my 17 years as an MOA member, most of the folks
in the RA are also in the MOA... I guess it's called covering all the
bases to get some idea of what is really happening.. How else does one
think the RA gets all the juicey news about what's happen' inside the
MOA? | 12 | trimmed_train |
5,546 | Dear Netters,
I am not sure whether this is the right place to post my query, but I
thought there may be some bilingual physicians in this newsgroup that
could help. Please, excuse me for overloading the bandwidth.
I am trying to build a resource allocation program for managing a
surgical operating unit in a hospital. The user interface is in
English, however the terms of medical specialties I was given are in
French :-( I have no medical dictionary handy, mine is a technical
university :-((
I need to get the translation into English (when there is one) of the
following words. They refer to medical categories of operating rooms
(theaters). I admit they may not be universally "used".
1- sceptique
2- orl
3- brulure/brule'
4- ne'onatal
5- pre'natal
6- pre'mature'
7- neurochirurgie (neuro-surgery??)
8- chirurgie ge'ne'rale
9- chirurgie plastique
10- urologie (urology??)
Thank you for you help.
Cheers,
---------
Berthe Y. Choueiry
[email protected]
LIA-DI, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Ecublens
CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Voice: +41-21-693.52.77 and +41-21-693.66.78 Fax: +41-21-693.52.25
| 19 | trimmed_train |
181 |
Right. So all the cops will be buying antique muscle cars for chase cars;
otherwise the *police* cars will die too!
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| To get the attention of a large animal, be it an
| elephant or a bureaucracy, it helps to know what
George Patterson - | part of it feels pain. Be very sure, though, that
| you want its full attention.
| Kelvin Throop | 11 | trimmed_train |
4,131 |
Assuming 68HC11...
In expanded muxed mode, you *could* do it. Much easier if you get a DRAM
controller IC. The MMI 673102 could be used to implement this, or you
could use a counter and a huge multiplexer to provide row/column/refresh
address multiplexing. The thing with DRAMs is that they require wierd
timing, address multiplexing, and refresh.
Actually, if you wanted to use a 68008 IC, you could look at AN897, which
has a neat controller built in. There is also the 683xx, I think one
of those has the DRAM controller built in. This one is for the 6664
DRAM, however, the 41256 has only one more address line, adding only
another component or so. The 256k SIMMs are basically 8 or 9 41256
DRAM chips (or their equivalent in fewer packages). | 11 | trimmed_train |
6,196 |
Fret not, you made it.
Not while we still have our guns. <evil grin>
Hey, gang, it's not about duck hunting, or about dark alleys,
it's about black-clad, helmeted and booted troops storming
houses and violating civil rights under color of law.
Are YOU ready to defend YOUR Constitution? | 9 | trimmed_train |
249 | I'm looking for a Sharp 6220 or TI Travelmate 2000 for parts. Mine has
a bad RAM chip on the motherboard and I want to see what I can get for
parts before sending it off to Sharp for repairs. If you have one,
drop me a line.
Also, I'm trying to set one up for a friend who needs to read his old
5 1/4 inch diskettes. Anyone have the pinout of the diskette expansion
connector on the back of the 3.5 inch floppy box?
If you respond, please include a phone number. I can't always get through
with email.
As always,
Thanks,
Jim Lewczyk
--
Mailer address is buggy! Reply to: [email protected] | 5 | trimmed_train |
10,166 |
AHA! He admits it! He IS a moral relativist!
Keith, if you start wafffling on about how it is different for a human
to maul someone thrown into it's cage (so to speak), you'd better start
posting tome decent evidence or retract your 'I think there is an absolute
morality' blurb a few weeks ago.
The Desert Brat | 8 | trimmed_train |
1,771 | For sale: Precision drafting machine, Bruning OGP-0180. Solid
older model with spring-loaded counter balance; clamps on table. Without
scales. For right handed person. $60/make offer, includes UPS/parcel post
postage.
I'm guessing that it's from the 1940s or 1950s, a period well known for
excellent drafting machine construction! :-)
It's built with real metal parts, not cheap modern plastic, and it's painted
the typical office grey popular in that period. It's smooth working, and
each of the two "arms" on it measures roughly 24". It has a dual clamp to
enable you to clamp it on the edge or corner of a table.
| 5 | trimmed_train |
225 | A couple of questions for you firearms law experts out there:
Question #1
According to the NRA/ILA state firearms lawbook, in Wisconsin it is
'unlawful for any person except a peace officer to go armed* with a
"concealed and dangerous weapon." There is no statutory provision for
obtaining a lixense or permit to carry a concealed weapon.'
* Jury instructions indicate that 'to go armed' one must have a firearm
on one's person or within his immediate control and available for use.
Does this mean that open carry is allowed? If so, just how 'open' does it
have to be? Would an in the pants holster be considered concealing? What
if one had their jacket on and it partially covered the weapon? Also,
is there any way to be allowed to carry concealed, or is it just not allowed,
period?
Question #2
As I understand it, in Evanston, IL, they have a ordinance banning handguns.
Is there any way to get around this provision? What would the penalty if
you were found out be? What if you used said handgun in a defensive shooting
in your apartment there? How would the city law apply to your impending
trial for the shooting?
Also, what is IL state law concerning short barreled weapons? Short barreled
shotgun is what I would be interested in if a handgun were not available,
either that or a shortened 9mm carbine (ie Colt, Marlin).
One more thing, what is the chance of getting a CCW permit in IL without being
rich or famous or related to the mayor? | 9 | trimmed_train |
7,999 |
I finished reading a very good book, "The Will of God", Weatherhead.
This was very helpful to me in applying thought to the subject of the
will of God.
Weatherhead broke the will of God into three distinct parts;
intentional will, circumstancial will, and ultimate will. He
(Weatherhead) also refuted the last statement (above) by Michael
Parkin above quite nicely.
Summarizing; _despite_ the failures of humankind, God's ultimate will
is never to be defeated. God's intentions may be interfered with,
even temporarily defeated by the will of humankind, brought down by
circumstance. His ultimate will (the reconcilication of all
humankind) will never be stopped.
Time after time, Weatherhead used the Cross as the best description of
this process at work. His points, paraphrased, were 1) God's
intentional will was for Jesus, the Christ, to live out a full life
and perform the work of the Living God. 2) The failures, sins, and
deviousness of humankind frustrated God's intent for His Son. 3)
Despite the circumstance, God's ultimate will was revealed in the
Cross, as Jesus willingly ("not my will, Lord, but yours") died for
the redemption of all humankind. The Cross was utterly triumphant,
overcoming even the most cruel of circumstances.
It was not the intentional will of God. It was the circumstancial
will, thus enabling the victory of the ultimate will.
Right, intentional will.
(Just like the Jewish people
We know neither the time nor the place. He will return as a thief in the night.
Peace.
Rob
| 0 | trimmed_train |
3,826 | Try the folks at Dimolex Corp., La Crescenta, CA 91214.
Their number is (818) 957-7001. They make membrane keypads
that are very flat, in layouts from 2 to 128 keys. They
have standard models, tactile models (with stainless domes
under each key to make a 'click' you can feel), as well as
backlit models. Some of them can even be cut with scissors
to form a funky shape other than a rectangle. Many of the
models are available in a 'kit' which includes a bezel,
colored and plain key covers, and rub on lettering to make
your own layout. One piece prices aren't cheap, though,
as they want $10 for one four position pad *kit*, and $45
for a 40 position *kit*.
I have no affiliation with Dimolex or any company connected
with them. I *have* purchased a couple of keypads from them,
and am pleased with what I got. | 11 | trimmed_train |
1,039 |
Is it? As far as I know, tear gas, especially in large concentrations,
is very dangerous (even toxic) for small children. This makes the
FBI's supposedconcern for the safety of the children seem rather
hypocritical. | 9 | trimmed_train |
11,073 | @>>
@>>Has anyone had any experience with GEICO's extended
@>>warranty plan. It seems to be slightly less expensive than
@>>the normal dealer-sponsored policy.
@>>
@>and once again....*never* buy extended warranties....they are a complete and
@>total ripoff period!!!! you are better off taking your money and putting it
@>
in a bank and using that money for repairs. many extended warranties never
@>pay or have co-payments etc.
@>
How many people will actually put that money in the bank and keep it there for the
sole use of a automotive repair......maybe for people who have a hard time saving
money or don't want the hassle of worrying about paying for everything the
extended warranty is worth it.....for some people it is worth it...others not, and
for some the peace of mind knowing you won't have too many unexpected expenses
is enough.....if you drive a lot, your basic warranty can be up in a little longer than
a year....how many people can make the car payments as well as large repairs....
It may work for some people......
Andrew
-- | 4 | trimmed_train |
8,990 |
Hmm, it seems the Little Leaguers didn't do too badly against Hershiser,
Strawberry, E. Davis, and the rest of the Dodgers yesterday ... :-)
| 2 | trimmed_train |
6,632 | ]"Get the organization to act on it" is easy to say, but says little
]about what one really can and should do. What the organization
]actually will do is largely determined by the president and directors,
]as far as I can see. That's what makes it so important to vote in an
]election of officers.
if I remember right, I heard that in the last election, only 18% of the
members actually cast votes. I wonder if the current board and their
friends and relatives make up 18% of the membership :-) :-) I certainly
plan on staying with the club long enough to vote and to see the results.
]It does strike me that the BMWMOA is a lot less politically active (in
]the state and national arenas, not infighting) than other M/C
]organizations. Should we change this? Or just join the other groups
]that already are in politics?
I wouldn't support the MOA becoming politically active in that sense.
the AMA already knows how to do that and I'd rather see the MOA support
the AMA in a manner that the *AMA* needs. I think that more could be
accomplished from one strong front rather than two not neccessarily
coordinated ones.
| 12 | trimmed_train |
6,866 | Does anyone out there know of any products using Motorola's Neuron(r) chips MC143150 or MC143120. If so, what are they and are they utilizing Standard Network Variable Types (SNVT)?
_________________________________________________________________________________ | 11 | trimmed_train |
5,409 | 18 | trimmed_train |
|
7,493 |
If she is having problems with fresh vegetables, the guess is that there
is some obstruction of the intestine. Without knowing more it is not
possible to say whether the obstruction is permanent due to scarring,
or temporary due to swelling of inflammed intestine. In general, there are
no dietary limitations in patients with Crohn's except as they relate
to obstruction. There is no evidence that any foods will bring on
recurrence of Crohn's. It is important to distinguish recurrence from
recurrent symptoms. A physician would think of new inflammation as
recurrence, while pains from raw veggies just imply a narrowing of the
intestine.
Your friend should look into membership in the Crohn's and Colitis
Foundation of America. 1-800-932-2423
Good luck to your friend. | 19 | trimmed_train |
2,207 | And then [email protected] (Jimmy Kuo) quoth:
Well, either way, the Reds have to play a man down for 3 days.
| 2 | trimmed_train |
7,889 | :
: And, while we are on the subject, has a captain ever been traded,
: resigned, or been striped of his title during the season? Any other
: team captain trivia would be appreciated.
:
Luc Robitaille was captain of the Kings the first third of the season,
until The Great One came back from his disc injury. It was kind of
awkward, but Melrose appointed (anointed?) TGO as captain immediately upon
his return, after which he did not score a goal for something like 10
games.
I think Luc should have remained Captain all season. | 17 | trimmed_train |
2,357 |
Let me carry that a step further. Most doctors would not claim to be
infallible. Indeed, they would generally admit that they could conceivably
be wrong, e.g. that in this case, a blood tranfusion might not turn out to
be necessary after all. However, the doctors would have enough confidence
and conviction to claim, out of genuine concern, that is IS necessary. As
fallible human beings, they must acknowledge the possibility that they are
wrong. However, they would also say that such doubts are not reasonable,
and stand by their convictions.
| 0 | trimmed_train |
6,464 |
The F550iW is optimized for Windows. It powers down when the screen
blanker appears, it powers down with you turn your computer off, and it
meets all of the Swedish standards. It's also protected against EMI from
adjacent monitors. | 3 | trimmed_train |
6,819 |
This kind of behavior is what I was shocked by in my 'experience'. For
crying out loud, how do these turkeys think they can talk to customers
this way and still stay in business? Again, I don't expect sales people to
bow, scrape, and grovel in my presence but I sure don't expect to be
abused either. I was very surprised by the way the sales people talked to
me and in other 'negotiating' sessions I overheard in neighboring sales
cubicles. Evidently, their success rate is high enough that they continue
to do business this way. There must be a lot of people out there who are
easy to intimidate.
On the other hand, I'm not sure about the 'one price, no haggling'
approach that Saturn and other are starting to use. I guess if their fixed
price is fair it's OK. Maybe the best approach is to do your homework
before you go in. Find out the invoice prices of the car, add a reasonable
profit for the dealer ($200-$300??), offer them that price and stick to
it. If they get abusive, just leave. Then, don't let them try to screw you
after the deal is agreed on. | 4 | trimmed_train |
9,455 |
It was a test of the first reusable tool.
Pointy so they can find them or so they will stick into their pants better, and
be closer to their brains? | 10 | trimmed_train |
5,329 | I want to compile Xdvi and later perhaps Emacs 19 on a DEC Ultrix machine with
X installed. Unfortunately, Xt and Xaw libs and headers are missing. How can I
get them without having to compile the whole MIT distribution ?
Pleasy reply by email to: [email protected] | 16 | trimmed_train |
2,853 |
Well, OBP is the most important offensive statistic, and by a big margin.
50 points of OBP is worth considerably more than 50 points of slugging.
That being said, I still think Baerga was VERY SLIGHTLY better last year,
but I think this is as close to a wash as you're likely to find.
I personally don't care much for Alomar's defense. I don't think he's
nearly as good as people make him out to be, and he can't turn the DP
to save his life. He comes across the bag improperly, and his release
is slow. Considering the high leverage of the DP, this is a shortcoming
I can't overlook. In the long term, I'd move Alomar to another position.
If the Jays could trade a hot Devon White for something, I'll be Alomar
could be a hell of a CF. In the long run, I think I'd rather have Jeff
Kent at 2B and Alomar in CF than Alomar/White.
| 2 | trimmed_train |
8,560 |
By rotating the plate around the mouse ball counter-clockwise you can open
the mouse and clean it. It isn't as obvious as the Desktop Bus Mouse I but
it opens quite easily once you see what has to be done.
-Geoff
--
[email protected] - Computing Support Consultant, Tuck School of Business | 14 | trimmed_train |
2,983 |
Don't kid around... They just might listen. | 17 | trimmed_train |
124 | stuff deleted ...
Your logic is falty. If Christianity is a DRUG, and once we die we
die, then why would you be reluctant to embrase this drug so that
while you are alive you enjoy yourself.
I also question your overall motives for posting this article. Why
would you waste your presious fews seconds on this earth posting your
opinon to a group that will generally reject it.
If you die, never having acepting Christ as your savior, I hope you
have a fantastic life that it is all you evver dreamed because it is
al of heaven you will ever know. | 0 | trimmed_train |
2,188 |
Tell me, 'kmagnacca', were you high on 'Arromdian of ASALA/SDPA/ARF'
when you wrote that? Humane behavior and tolerance of Turks was a
legend even 500 years ago when they accepted tens of thousands of
Jews from Spain who were fleeing from the Spanish Inquisition. Again,
many Jewish families escaping from Nazi Armenians and Hitler's Nazi
Germany took refugee in Turkiye during the 1940's. Turkish people
have unselfishly given home, protection, and freedom to the Jews over
the centuries, including to thousands and thousands of them during
the Second World War. Get a life or a cup of Turkish coffee.
"History of the Jews in the Islamic Countries," chapters in Parts I and II,
Jarusalem, Zalman Shazar Center for Jewish History, 1986.
Baron, Salo W., "A Social and Religious History of the Jews," New York,
Columbia University Press, Vols. III, V, XVIII.
Benardete, Mair Jose, "Hispanic Culture and Character of the Sephardic
Jews," New York, Sepher-Hermon Press, 2nd corrected edition, 1982 (original
publication 1953).
Lewis, Bernard, eds., "Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire," New York,
Holmes & Meier, 1982, Vol. I, The Central Lands.
"La Turquie dan les Archives des Grand Orient de France: les loges ...,"
in Jean-Louis Bacque-Graumont and Paul Dumont, eds., Economie et Societes
dans L'Empire Ottoman, Paris, Centre National De La Reserche Scientifique,
1983.
Inalcik, Halil, "Turkish-Jewish Relations in the Ottoman Empire," 1982.
Sevilla-Sharon, Moshe, "Turkiye Yahudileri, Tarihsel Bakis," Jerusalem, The
Hebrew University, 1982.
Source: John Dewey: "The New Republic," Vol. 40, Nov. 12, 1928, pp. 268-9.
"Happy the minority [Jews] which has had no Christian nation to protect it.
And one recalls that the Jews took up their abode in 'fanatic' Turkey
when they were expelled from Europe, especially Spain, by Saintly Christians,
and they have lived here for centuries in at least as much tranquility and
liberty as their fellow Turkish subjects, all being exposed alike to the
rapacity of their common rulers. To one brought up, as most Americans have
been, in the Gladstonian and foreign-missionary tradition, the condition of
the Jews in Turkey is almost a mathematical demonstration that religious
differences have had an influence in the tragedy of Turkey only as they
were combined with aspirations for a political separation which every
nation in the world would have treated as treasonable. One readily
reaches the conclusion that the Jews in Turkey were fortunate..."
He also stated that:
"they [Armenians] traitorously turned Turkish cities over to the Russian
invader; that they boasted of having raised an army of one hundred and
fifty thousand men to fight a civil war, and that they burned at least
a hundred Turkish villages and exterminated their population."
TURKEY AND THE HOLOCAUST
An interview with Stanford J. Shaw (History), who recently
completed two books: The Jews of the Ottoman Empire and the
Turkish Republic, and Turkey and the Holocaust: Turkey's Role in
Rescuing Turkish and European Jewry from Nazi Persecution,
1933-45. Shaw chairs the undergraduate interdepartmental degree
program in Near Eastern Studies and has organized the Program for
the Study of Ottoman and Turkish Jewry. He is affiliated with the
G. E. von Grunebaum Center for Near Eastern Studies.
Editor: How did you come to write these two books on Turkey and
European and Turkish Jews?
Shaw: Basically, I'm an Ottoman historian, but I'm also Jewish.
I've spent twenty-five years studying Ottoman history, and as
time went along, whenever I found materials on the Ottoman Jews,
I collected them. But I never did anything with them until a
couple of years ago, when I suddenly realized that 1992 was the
500th anniversary of the Jews being expelled from Spain and
coming to Turkey. Then the Sephardic Temple down on Wilshire
Avenue invited me to give a series of three lectures on Ottoman
Jewry. These lectures were greatly appreciated, and I became
motivated to undertake further research to develop a book, The
Jews of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish) Republic. This book
is quite different from the works of most Jewish historians, who
tend to look at the Jews in any country more from the viewpoint
of the Jews and the Jewish community, and rely mainly on Jewish
sources. I view my subject as an Ottoman historian, and I
approach the Jews of the Ottoman Empire largely from the point of
view of Ottoman society, using largely Ottoman sources. After I
finished this book and sent it to the press, I came across
additional documents relating to Turkish Jews during World War
II. In the completed book, I had said that Turkey had done a good
deal to rescue the Jews during World War II, but I did not
actually have many details. Then I found a batch of documents in
the Foreign Ministry archive relating to actions taken by Turkish
diplomats to help the Jews before and during the Holocaust. It
was too late to add this new information to the book in press, so
I decided to write a second book. I conducted further research,
mainly in the archives of the Foreign Ministry in Ankara and the
Turkish Embassy and Consulate in Paris. The result was the second
book, Turkey and the Holocaust, which details how Turkey helped
rescue Jews from the Nazis.
- How exactly did they do this?
The story takes place over a number of years. The book presents
the material in three parts, first of which deals with the period
before the Holocaust. When the Nazis came to power in Germany in
1933, they immediately started dismissing Jews and anti-Nazi
Germans from universities, hospitals, scientific institutes, and
the like. Turkey at that moment was just beginning the process of
reforming its universities, and it saw in these Jews, who were
being fired from their positions in Germany, a good source of new
talent to help modernize the Turkish universities. Within three
months after the Nazis started dismissing these Jews, Turkey
arranged to take many of them in. They were brought to Turkey and
were given appointments as professors in the Turkish
universities, as heads of scientific institutes, and as medical
personnel in hospitals. About 300 to 500 major Jewish professors
came to Turkey in the 1930s. Ernst Reuter, a German political
scientist, spent the war years teaching political science in
Turkey. After World War II, he was mayor of Berlin during the
Berlin Airlift. Fritz Neimark, a major German Jewish economist,
came to Turkey and helped establish a modern school of economics
in Istanbul. A man named Reichenbach, who was rescued from the
Nazis by Turkey and spent the war years in Turkey, eventually
came to UCLA, where he became a professor of philosophy. Other
German Jewish emigres engaged in cultural activities in Turkey.
One such was Karl Ebert, who had been a leading theatrical
producer in Berlin until he was expelled by the Nazis. He went to
Turkey, where he organized the Turkish National Theater and the
Turkish National Opera Company in Ankara, with the help of Paul
Hindemuth. So the first section of the book covers this first
phase, when Jews were being persecuted in Germany and rescued by
Turkey. Oddly enough, the German emigres, when they were in
Turkey, did not seem to think too badly of Germany. They regarded
themselves more as Germans than Jews, and they did not join in
the anti-Nazi activities of the local Turkish Jewish community. I
even found letters from the Nazi representatives to Turkey
praising these German Jewish refugees for their work in promoting
the idea of German culture. Even though these people had been
persecuted by the Nazis and rescued by the Turks, they shared the
Nazis' feelings of Aryan racial superiority over the Turks. The
second part of the book deals with the Holocaust, which began in
1940 when the Nazis occupied France. In Europe at that time, and
especially in France, there were about 20,000 Turkish Jews. They
had migrated to Europe for various reasons from about the turn of
the century onward. Most of them had settled in Europe during the
Turkish war for independence after World War I, when Greece was
threatening to overrun Turkey. The Greeks had persecuted the Jews
throughout the nineteenth century, and the Jews feared what might
happen to them if the Greeks took over in Turkey. Many Jews fled
to France during the 1920s and 1930s. Many also abandoned their
Turkish citizenship and became French citizens. Suddenly the
Nazis invaded France in 1940 and started introducing all sorts of
anti-Jewish laws. The Turkish Jews soon found that it was not
worth very much to be a French Jew, but that it was worth a lot
to be a Turkish Jew.
- How so?
Turkey remained neutral through most of World War II. It retained
its embassies and consulates in all the Nazi-occupied countries
until it finally entered the war on the side of the Allies at the
end of 1944. During the war, therefore, Turkey was in a position
to defend its citizens against anti-Jewish measures, and the
actions that Turkish diplomats took form the second chapter of
the book. Turkish diplomats who were stationed in France in
particular intervened to protect Jews of Turkish citizenship from
the Nazis. For those Turkish Jews who had retained their Turkish
citizenship, there was generally no problem. If they were
arrested and sent to a concentration camp, the Turkish diplomats
would communicate with the commanders of the camp and other
officials and say in effect: "These people are Turkish citizens.
You can't do this to them." And the Turkish Jews would be
released. If their businesses were confiscated, the Turkish
diplomats would protest and the businesses would be restored.
The Nazis in general wanted to keep the friendship of Turkey.
They hoped to be able to use Turkey as a gateway for an invasion
of the Middle East, and they also wanted to obtain chromium and
manganese from Turkey. In order to keep Turkish friendship, they
usually accepted these interventions on behalf of Turkish Jews.
The Turkish diplomats sometimes went to the concentration camps
to secure the release of Turkish Jews. At times they even boarded
trains hauling Turkish Jews to Auschwitz for extermination and
succeeded in getting them off the train. Most of the foreign Jews
were sent to a concentration camp at a place called Drancy in
Paris, and that's where most of the intercession by Turkish
consuls took place.
The greater problem came with the Turkish Jews who had abandoned
their Turkish citizenship and had become French citizens. The
consuls couldn't declare that these people were Turkish citizens
because they were not. My book includes photographs of Jews
lining up in front of the Turkish consulate, either to get
passports to return to Turkey or to get a restoration of their
Turkish citizenship. This was a bureaucratic matter, so
processing the application would take some time. In the meantime
it was a real emergency, because the Nazis would arrest Jews on
the streets for almost nothing. The Nazis would even arrest them
if they had radios or telephones in their apartments, because
radios and telephones were forbidden to Jews. To take care of
these former Turkish Jews, the Turkish diplomats invented a
document called gayri muntazem vatandash, or "irregular fellow
citizen." The document said in effect "This person is a former
Turkish citizen who has applied for the restoration of his
Turkish citizenship. In the meantime we would appreciate it if
you would treat him as if he were a Turkish citizen." The
diplomats wrote the document in Turkish and put their seals on
it. Since the Nazis could not read Turkish, on the whole they
accepted these papers as certificates of citizenship. By this
means, the Turkish diplomats were able to rescue many Jews who
had relinquished their Turkish citizenship.
Actually the Nazis were of two minds about the Turkish defense of
Jews. On the one hand the Nazi Foreign Ministry, which wanted to
retain the friendship of Turkey, was in favor of accepting these
interventions. On the other hand, Himmler and Eichmann wanted all
Jews exterminated. At times Himmler and Eichmann were able to
prevail and some of the Turkish Jews were sent off to Auschwitz
before the Turkish consuls could do anything.
- Do you have statistics on how many Turkish Jews were rescued?
There were about 20,000 Turkish Jews in Europe before world War
II, about 10,000 of whom were living in France. Most of the
information in this section of the book relates to the situation
in France. I have published the letters that the Turkish consuls
sent to the Nazi officials and the letters that came back in
reply. Generally the Nazis said that if the Turkish consul would
present documents certifying that arrested individuals are
Turkish citizens, and promise to send them out of France, the
Nazis would release them from the concentration camp. The Turkish
consuls also organized special trains to take Turkish Jews from
Nazi-occupied territory back to Turkey. These trains ran
regularly in 1943 and 1944. The Nazis gave the Turkish Jews visas
so they could pass out of Nazi territory, but the trains were
often held up by the Nazi-influenced governments of Eastern
Europe - Croatia, Serbia, and Bulgaria - because these
governments really didn't want the Jews to escape. As a result of
the Turkish consuls' efforts, about 3,000 to 4,000 of the Turkish
Jews in France were saved. Another 3,000 were sent off to
Auschwitz, where most of them died. The remaining 3,000 either
escaped across the border into Spain or fled to the area of
southern France occupied by the Italians, who treated Jews much
better than the Nazis did. At the end of 1943, however, Italy
fell out of the war, and that was the end for those Jews as well.
Incidentally, the Turkish diplomats in Nazi-occupied Greece also
worked to rescue Jews in that country.
- The second part of your book then deals with Turkish diplomats
acting to rescue Jews of Turkish citizenship or Turkish origin
from Nazi persecution.
Yes, and there is an aside I might add here: In their
interventions on behalf of Turkish Jews, the Turks cited their
treaty with Germany which stated that Turkish citizens in German
territory would be treated the same as German citizens in Turkey.
On that basis the Turks maintained that the Nazis could not
discriminate against Turkish citizens who are Jews. The Nazis
claimed (and the Vichy government agreed) that they were not
discriminating because they were treating all Jews equally.
Turkey protested, saying, "You are dividing our citizens
according to religion, but the Turkish constitution requires that
all citizens be treated equally, regardless of religion.
Therefore, you cannot single out Turkish Jews." American consuls
in Paris, by contrast, accepted the Nazi argument and told
American Jews who were being persecuted by the Nazis that they
couldn't do anything about it, because the American Jews were
being treated the same as other Jews. The third part of the book
takes place in Turkey, which was the principal center during the
Holocaust for activities aimed at the rescue of Eastern European
Jews. The kwish Agency, an organization established by Jews in
Palestine to help resettle Jews to Palestine, set up an office in
Istanbul in 1940 under the leadership of Chaim Barlas. Other
Jewish organizations in Palestine, especially the kibbutzes, also
sent representatives to Istanbul to set up headquarters. These
groups first tried to contact Jews in Eastern Europe to find out
what was happening. Today we know about the Holocaust, but at
that time people didn't know what was going on. They didn't
imagine the Nazis could do the things they were doing. And so the
first step was to get information, and the Turkish government let
them use the Turkish mails to send letters to their relatives and
friends in Eastern Europe. The Jewish organizations found out
what was happening when they received replies. Later on when the
Nazis began to intercept such letters, the Jews received
assistance also from the Vatican nuncio, Angelo Roncali, who
served as the Vatican representative in Istanbul from 1935 to
1944 and later became Pope John XXIII. As the Vatican
representative during the war, he used the facilities of the
Catholic Church to supplement what the Turkish government was
doing to assist Jewish agencies in contacting Jews in Eastern
Europe. With the cooperation of the Turkish government, these
agencies then sent hard currency, food, clothing, and even
railroad and steamship tickets to Jews in Czechoslovakia,
Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary. They weren't able to help much in
Poland because by then the Nazis had wiped out almost all the
Polish Jews. Whenever possible the rescue agencies arranged for
the Jews to get out of Eastern Europe either by train through the
so called Orient Express route to Istanbul, or by boat through
the Black Sea to Istanbul.
Turkey was not eager for all these refugees to remain within its
borders during the war, because it was being blockaded and was
suffering terrible shortages of food and clothing. The
government, therefore, facilitated the movement of the
non-Turkish Jewish refugees from Turkey to Palestine, either by
the Taurus Express Railroad through the mountains to Syria and
Palestine, or by small boats across the eastern Mediterranean
from southern Turkey to Palestine. These efforts were bitterly
opposed not only by the Nazis, but also by the British, who did
not want any more Jewish immigration to Palestine because they
feared it would hurt their relations with the Arabs. The British
constantly pressured the Turkish government to stop this traffic
and send those Jews back. In a few cases the Turkish government,
yielding to British pressure, did send the boats back. For
example, in one incident, the steamship Struma, with some 700
Jewish refugees from Romania, was sent back by the Turkish
government as a result of the intervention of the British
ambassador. When that ship was sunk by a Soviet submarine, all
were lost except one person. Nevertheless, all told, the Turkish
government allowed no fewer than 100,000 Eastern European Jews to
pass through Turkish territory and move on to Palestine during
the Second World War. The Turkish authorities also provided these
refugees with facilities and money, and gave them permission to
send money and food out of the country.
- Many of these Jews who passed through Turkey may still be
living in Israel.
Yes, and their children. But let's return for a moment to the
first group, the Turkish Jews who came from Europe. They did not
go on to Palestine; they stayed in Turkey. It was the
non-Turkish, Eastern European Jews who passed through Turkey en
route to Palestine. Their story is very interesting.
- And you have rescued it from obscurity.
Many studies have been made of the Holocaust, but most of them do
not focus on the Eastern European or Middle Eastern Jews. Most of
the scholarship has centered on the Western European Jews, of
whom 6 million were massacred by the Nazis. My study deals with a
much smaller number of people. I have tried to round out the
picture, and I hope my book will persuade other scholars to
undertake further investigations in the history of Eastern Jews.
When it comes to numbers, the German Jews were also relatively
small in number. Most of the millions slain were Polish Jews. The
rescue of 100,000 Eastern European Jews may not seem so
significant compared with the total of 6 million who were
murdered, but it meant a lot to those who were saved.
About three-fourths of the book consists of documents -
translations of many documents. They are included because the
story is not well known. Not only are people in the West unaware
of the courageous actions of the Turkish diplomats; even the
people of Turkey did not know the story. I felt that they would
not fully understand this remarkable achievement unless they
could see the documents.
- What languages are used in the documents?
Most of them are in Turkish or French; some are in Hebrew. There
is a great deal of material in Hebrew about the organization of
the boats going to Palestine, the passengers, and so on, but I
did not go into those details extensively. I describe mostly what
Turkey did, so most of my documents are in Turkish or French. A
few documents are in English. The Jewish groups in Istanbul did
not necessarily cooperate with one another to rescue Jews; in
fact, they often fought with one another. They took turns trying
to get the Turkish government to deport rival groups. For
example, some of the kibbutz groups felt that the Jewish Agency
was run by Western European Jews who were interested only in
helping Western European Jews. Finally, in 1944, President
Roosevelt sent a personal representative, Ira Hirschman, who had
been an executive of Bloomingdale's department store in New York
City, and Hirschman managed to reconcile their differences. The
documents related to his mission are in English.
I also obtained many documents from Serge Klarsfeld, a Holocaust
historian in France, who mainly worked on the French Jews. (His
father was killed by the Nazis.) He gave me materials he had
gathered in the German archives on the Turkish Jews, so I didn't
personally consult the German archives. I believe that much more
can be learned from the German archives, and I hope someone
someday will make the effort.
- This new book fits in well with your teaching, doesn't it?
Right. I'm giving a course on the history of the Jews of the
Ottoman Empire. I first gave the course two years ago. In
addition to research, writing, and teaching, I've been actively
involved in the commemoration of the 500th anniversary of the
coming of the Jews to the Ottoman Empire. Among other things, I
helped organize a large international conference on the subject
which was held in Istanbul in 1992.
- Now that your books are finished and the conference has taken
place, what do you plan to do next?
I'm working on two new books. One is a history of the Turkish War
for Independence, which took place after World War I, during the
years 1918 to 1923. The Turks warded off the efforts of the
victorious European powers to occupy Turkey and end its
independence. The second book is a study of Sultan Abdul Hamid
II, the last major sultan, who ruled from 1876 to 1909. He was an
important modernizer in his own way, although he also suppressed
all sorts of political movements.
Stanford J. Shaw received a B.A. in History and an M.A. in
British History. He then shifted to Near Eastern History, earning
a second M.A. and a Ph.D. at Princeton. As a doctoral candidate
at Princeton, he spent two years abroad, studying at the School
of Oriental and African Studies, University of London; the
University of Cairo, the American University at Cairo, and the
University of Istanbul. He taught at Harvard before coming to
UCLA in 1966. His postdoctoral research has been supported by the
John Simon Guggenheim Foundation, the American Research Institute
in Turkey, the Social Science Research Council, the National
Endowment for the Humanities, the Fulbright Program, and ISOP. He
has received honorary degrees from Harvard University and
Bosporus University, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey, and medals of honor
for lifetime contributions to the fields of Islamic and Turkish
studies from the Center for Research in Islamic History, Art, and
Culture in Istanbul and from the American Friends of Turkey in
Washington, D.C. In addition to undertaking many professional
service activities and public lectures in both the United States
and Turkey, Shaw has also produced eight books and one edited
volume. His History of the Ottoman Empire and Modem Turkey (2
vols.) has been published in many editions (six editions or
reprints from 1977-1991), and translated into Turkish (1983,
1991) and French (1984). His book The Jews of the Ottoman Empire
and the Turkish Republic (MacMillan, London, and New York
University Press, 1992) will be published in Turkish translation
by the Turkish Historical Society, Istanbul. His Turkey and the
Holocaust: Turkey's Role in Rescuing Turkish and European Jewry
from Nazi Persecution, 1933-1945 will be published by Macmillan
Publishers, London, and New York University Press in 1993. A
pamphlet summarizing the book was published in Ankara, Turkey, in
1992.
Serdar Argic | 6 | trimmed_train |
8,277 |
...
Again, not true. The characters in a TT or Type 1 font depend on the
maker. If someone converts a Type 1 font to TT they'll only get the
characters in the font of orgin. TT allows for much more flexibility
in this area as well. You can have thousands of glyphs in a TT font
file (Mac/PS/Windows/Unicode char set) and use the characters
appropriate for the particular platform you are running the font on.
Well, yes, both Type 1 and TrueType fonts can contain lots of characters.
And in both cases plain text fonts will be reencoded to Windows ANSI
in Windows, and to Mac standard roman encoding on the Mac.
No difference there between T1 and TT!
And as for fonts with thousands of glyphs, right know these are a liabiliaty
rather than a great new thing. Reason is that a font with 3000 characters
is very large, and if you can only access 224 of them you are paying a heavy
price in downloading time and printer storage. (And at the moment there
is only one program of that uses `partial font downloading')
For instance, all or our fontpack 2 TT fonts have the Mac/Windows
char set in them. The metrics of the fonts are such that if the font
is brought over to the mac the user will have access to the full mac
char set.
Yes and T1 text fonts all have the `ISO Adobe' character set, which is
a superset of Windows ANSI and Macintosh standard roman enocding.
The question is whether you can get at the glyphs. In Windows, for example,
you cannot get at the ligatures `fi' anfd `fl' (both T1 and TT)even though a
font may very well have them.
ANd, while it is somewhat painful to reencode a Type 1 font and to create a
new Windows metric file (PFM) for it, there are utilities out there to allow
you do this. How do I reencode a TrueType font? How can I get at the
`fi' and `fl' ligatures in Windows (or on the Mac)? Are there utilities
that make it possible to circumvent the hard-wired Windows ANSI encoding?
> Regards, 1001-A East Harmony Road
> Bob Niland Suite 503
> Internet: [email protected] Fort Collins CO 80525
> CompuServe: 71044,2124 (303) 223-5209
| 18 | trimmed_train |
7,828 |
Hey tough guy, freedom necessitates responsibility, and
no freedom is absolute.
BTW, to anyone who defends Arafat, read on:
"Open fire on the new Jewish immigrants, be they from the Soviet
Union, Ethiopia or anywhere else....I give you my instructions to
use violence against the immigrants. I willjail anyone who
refuses to do this."
Yassir Arafat, Al-Muharar, 4/10/90
At least he's not racist!
Just anti-Jewish
| 6 | trimmed_train |
513 | Perusing through my Windows 3.1 directory, I came across a file
called REGLOAD.EXE. I assume this is part of the registration
database, but neither my Windows manual, Win Resource Kit, nor
PC Mag's description of files in the Windows directory had a
reference to it. At least not one that I could find. Does
REGEDIT.EXE use it? Or am I way off base?
| 18 | trimmed_train |
6,104 | The article that follows was taken from the Wednesday, April 14, 1993
issue of USA Today ("Drug Use Up Among U.S. eighth-graders" by Mike
Snider, p. 6D).
A new national survey says drugs are easier to get, more teens are
using them and fewer deem drug use as risky.
For the last two years, government officials have trumpeted results
from the National High School Survey as signs that the drug war is
being won. But this year, officials are retreating - drug use by
eighth-graders has risen, according to the survey of 50,000 students
nationwide.
Possible reason for the increase: more experimentation. Why? If
drug use dropped during the '80s, eventually some students will
have fewer "drug-using contemporaries" who act as examples of
substance abuse's drawbacks, says social psychologist Lloyd Johnston,
one of the survey authors. Each new wave of youths "must be given
the knowledge, skills and motivation to resist using these drugs,"
Johnston says.
This type of resurgence "is possible," says Eileen Shiff, author of
"Experts Advise Parents" (Delta, $14.95). But that's not the issue,
she says. The prevalence of alcohol and drugs among teens today
could result in more alcoholic adults decades from now.
Aggravating the problem: baby boomer parents - who experimented with
drugs and alcohol as teens - trying to be friends, not parents, to
their children. "I've even seen parents serving kegs of beer" to
their underage kids and friends, Shiff says. For a recent graduation,
Shiff and other parents organized an all-night, "lock-in" party where
no booze or drugs were allowed. "We need to fulfill that parental
role, otherwise the peer group takes over," she says.
Officials may "talk about the war on drugs, but they really haven't
done anything that I've seen," says Suzanne Linkous, Scottsdale,
Ariz., 16, a volunteer who talks with teens about drugs, dating and
other issues on a peer counseling and suicide hot line. Linkous, a
member of USA Today's Teen Panel, says "there's always going to be
experimentation" with drugs.
A real war on drugs could be waged "education-wise," she says. But
"some don't want to give kids the facts. They think it will give
them ideas; it's the same with birth control. I think you should
give the kids the information or have it accessible" through classes,
pamphlets and speakers, she says.
Education efforts need to start as soon as kids get in school - in
kindergarten, says Dallas Owens, 17, teen panelist from Miami Shores,
Fla. "I remember in kindergarten, I used to see (drugs). I think
kids in the 10th and 12th grades have already made up their minds
(about using drugs)," he says.
Scare tactics in public service announcements aren't working; only
one commercial has gotten it right, he says. The commercial opens
with two "good-looking girls" in the restroom talking about having
no prom date. Then they take a hit off a joint. "That hits home
because it's not attractive," he says. "You can't be doing drugs if
you want somebody to like you."
Adolescents' choices
Drugs used by eighth graders in the last month:
Estimated, per 100 students
1991 1992 Pct. chg.
Alcohol 25.1 26.1 +4%
Cigarettes 14.3 15.5 +8%
Marijuana 3.2 3.7 +16%
Amphetamines 2.6 3.3 +27%
LSD 0.6 0.9 +50%
Cocaine 0.5 0.7 +40%
Crack 0.3 0.5 +67%
Source: University of Michigan Institute for Social Research,
1993 report
Scott Kennedy, Brewer and Patriot | 13 | trimmed_train |
6,135 |
Have you set the foreground and background colors in w_gc1 to
something other than 0 and 1? The WhitePixel and BlackPixel macros
on your server may not return values suitable for depth 1 drawables.
Are you sure that the fifth plane of the data isn't all the same? You could
have different pixel values in the image, but the fifth plane (0x10 == 16)
might all be the same value?
If you just want to see the plane of data and want better performance,
don't use ClipMasks, just use pixmap1 as the stipple in a stippled
rectangle fill. Many servers are very stupid about handling complex
clip lists, and turn a bitmap clip region into hundreds and hundreds of
little clipping rectangles, and clips every drawing primitive against every
one of these little triangles.
Actually, I must also ask the FAQ's #1 most popular reason why graphics
don't show up: do you wait for an expose event before drawing your
rectangle?
| 16 | trimmed_train |
6,224 | Archive-name: rec-autos/part5
[this article is one of a pair of articles containing commonly
asked automotive questions; the other article contains questions
more geared to the automotive enthusiast, and so is not crossposted
to misc.consumers. -- rpw]
[changes as of 14 April 1993: revised brake fluid section, as
non-silicone DOT-5 fluids are now apparently available -- rpw]
Commonly Asked Automotive Questions
Tire Questions:
Q: What do the funny numbers on the sides of my tires mean?
A: Typically, you will see something like 195/60HR14. the 195 is the
overall width of the tire in millimeters, the tread is usually
narrower. The 60 is the `aspect ratio'; it indicates the height of the
sidewall of the tire relative to the overall width. Our example tire
has a sidewall height of 0.60 * 195 ~= 117 mm. The 14 is the wheel
diameter in inches; there are also some special tires called `TRX'
tires which have three digit metric wheel diameter designations, like
390, which is in millimeters. The R means Radial, and the H is a speed
rating indicating the highest speed at which the tire, when properly
inflated and carrying an appropriate load, may safely operate. Common
speed ratings are S (112MPH), T (118MPH), H (130MPH), and V (up to
150MPH.)
Recent changes to the method for specifying tire sizes move the speed
rating to a different part of the designation; you may therefore find
designations like 195/60R14 85H; the 85 indicates the per-tire load
associated with the speed rating -- exceeding this load in continuous
operation at the rated speed is dangerous practice. What follows is
a table showing a number of `load indices' and corresponding maximum
per-tire loads:
Load Index 50 51 88 89 112 113 145 149 157
Max Load (Kg) 190 195 560 580 1120 1150 2900 3250 4125
Note that the usual mass vs. weight confusion occurs in this table.
In some cases, the letters P or LT may be found in front of a tire
size; the LT designation indicates Light Truck, and the P designation
indicates Passenger car. If no letter is given, then the application
of the tire is Passenger car usage. As far as I know, these letters
only appear in the US market. The LT designation is prinicipally of
interest to owners of light trucks and other utility vehicles. For
the owner of a passenger vehicle, there is no meaningful difference
between a tire with a P designation and one with no designation at
all.
If the aspect ratio is omitted, it is probably 80, but may be 78.
Tires with an MS (mud/snow) designation may have their speed rating
reduced by 20 km/h (about 12mph.)
There is an additional set of ratings on tires for temperature,
traction, and treadwear. Temperature and Traction are graded
A, B, and C (with A the best and C the worst); treadwear is
a numeric rating. These values are of limited value, as they
are assigned somewhat arbitrarily by tire manufacturers and are
thus not useful in comparing different brands of tires.
Q: My car has tires with a funny size designation: 185/65HR390; can i put
normal tires on the car?
A: Your tires are called TRX tires; they were devised by Michelin.
Because of a somewhat different bead design, they are incompatible
with normal tires; Michelin used a different diameter wheel for them
so that they could not be mounted on the wrong type wheel (and so that
more conventional tires could not be mounted on TRX type wheels.)
You will need to aquire different wheels to put a normal tire on your
car; it is barely possible to fit normal tires on TRX wheels, and horribly
dangerous to do so (the tires may simply peel off the rims in a corner,
or possibly blow out at high speed.) TRX type tires are becoming hard
to find; in addition to Michelin, Avon makes suitable tires. Goodyear
has apparently discontinued their line of TRX tires.
Q: Can I rotate radials from side to side, or rotate them only on one side
of my car?
A: Car and tire manufacturers have differing views on this subject; many
say that swapping radials between the left and right hand sides of a
car is now ok (this group includes Michelin and Goodyear); others
(for example, Pirelli and Nokia) will void warranties if such swapping
is done. The best advice is to read your tire manual carefully before
rotating your tires, and stick to the manufacturer's recommendations.
Q: How many snow tires should I buy, and if I buy 2, which end of the
car should I put them on?
A: In short, 4, and both ends. To explain, many drivers in areas that don't
get excessive snow or who don't drive agressively (or at all) in snow
conditions get away with only two snows on the drive wheels, but there
are circumstances where this can be dangerous practice. With a rear
wheel drive car, you can choose between being able to start the car
going (a function of the rear axle) or stopping and turning the car
(a function of the front axle.) In a front wheel drive car, you start,
stop, and turn with the front end. The primary risk of putting the
snow tires on the front only is that if you have to put on the brakes
while going downhill, you run a serious risk of going downhill backwards.
Radar Detectors and Speed Limits:
Q: Why aren't there any comments on Radar Detectors and Speed Limits
in this Q&A posting?
A: Because questions about detectors and speed limits crossposted between
misc.consumers and rec.autos.* always start long, tedious, and pointless
flame wars. If you want to talk about either of these topics, please
subscribe to rec.autos or alt.flame and keep it there.
Safety Equipment:
Q: Do airbags really work?
A: Preliminary statistics suggest the following: Airbags work much
better than no belts; good 3 point belts alone work much better than
Airbags alone, and AirBags + 3 point belts work slightly better than
3 point belts alone. The con to airbags is that some designs tend
to burn the driver's hands when venting the byproducts of the
explosion that occurs inside the bag, and that some designs (but
not all) may knock the driver's hands from the wheel, making retention
of control of the vehicle after the bag deflates more difficult.
Brake Questions:
Q: Do I always need to get the rotors on my disk brakes turned? Midas
always wants to do this.
A: No. There are specific conditions that mandate turning or replacing
rotors; some shops try and make a little extra money by replacing rotors
more often than is strictly necessary. if the rotors are not warped
warped, and only lightly grooved, then there is no need to replace or
to turn them. Note also that some rotors (the rotors on many Hondas
are a good example) are so narrow to begin with that it is not practical
to turn them; they must be replaced when they become too thin, warped,
or badly grooved.
Q: They tell me I should downshift when braking to slow my car down. Is
this really a good idea?
A: It used to be a very good idea, back in the days of mediocre, fade
prone drum brakes. In modern disc brake equipped cars, use of
downshifting to slow the car is not really necessary, except in cases
of long, steep downhill runs. Otherwise, modern disc brakes are more
than adequate to stop a passenger car in all circumstances, and they
are much cheaper to repair than clutch linings.
On the other hand, many standard driver's license tests in the USA
still specify that the driver being tested downshift under braking; I
suggest that before taking a US driver's test, you either 1) learn to
do this smoothly (which takes some time and practice) or 2) borrow a
car with an automatic to take the test.
Q: How often should I replace my brake fluid?
A: Probably more often than you do. Traditional brake fluids tend to
absorb water; this water can corrode internal parts of the brake
system and also lower the boiling point of the fluid. DOT-3 type
are older fluids; DOT-4 and DOT-5 are newer specifications. The
principal differences are in wet and dry boiling points; the dry
boiling point is important in fresh brake fluid, but the wet boiling
point is important in older brake fluid. DOT-3 fluids have the lowest
wet and dry boiling point _requirements_; DOT-4 fluids have better
boiling point requirements; and DOT-5 fluids have the best boiling
point requirements (but DOT-5 fluids are not clearly superior; see
the next Q&A for more details.) While the requirements imply that
DOT-4 fluids are better than DOT-3 fluids, there may be specific
cases where a DOT-3 fluid is preferable, but these are mostly
competition applications. Otherwise, DOT-4 type fluids offer _much_
improved brake pedal feel. Replacement once a year is recommended for
DOT-4 fluids, although agressive drivers may profit by changing out
fluid more frequently, or at least bleeding a modest amount of fluid
out of the brake calipers fairly regularly.
Q: What about DOT-5 brake fluids?
A: This breaks down in to two parts. The DOT-5 specification looks
excellent for performance, but the first DOT-5 fluids were Silicone
based. Silicone fluids are a tricky proposition. Unlike DOT-3 and
DOT-4 fluids, they do not absorb water at all. While this may sound
like a feature, the problem is that any water present pools up in
such systems, interfering with braking performance and corroding any
metals at the spot where the pooling is occuring. The water will tend
to migrate downwards in the braking system to the brake calipers, where
most of the corrosion occurs.
Because of this phenomenon, it is essential when converting to
Silicone to empty the entire brake system and flush it throughly
beforehand; some even recommend replacing all rubber parts in the
brake system when converting to Silicone fluids.
Two other issues that come up with silicone fluids: 1) they are
difficult to pour cleanly (that is, without air bubbles), which
interferes with getting a good brake pedal feel, and 2) while they
generally have much higher boiling points than DOT-4 fluids, they
do have high temperature failure modes which are indistinguishable
in effect from boiling DOT-4 fluids. SIlicone fluids may make sense
in some street car applications, but they are certainly not
recommended for high performance driving applications, and the
economics are questionable for street use.
I have recently become aware of new fluids that meet the DOT-5 standard
that do not contain Silicones; these fluids appear to be reasonably
compatible with the older DOT-3 and DOT-4 fluids, but I have little
information at this time.
Q: ABS is available on some of the cars I'm looking at, but it costs
more. Is it worth it?
A: This does not have a cut and dried answer; therefore, this answer will
be quite long in order to cover the pros and cons. The short answer
is that ABS costs more, both initially, and to maintain, will generally
work better for the `average driver' (that is to say, a driver who does
not have extensive experience in high performance driving techniques),
and may require the `unlearning' of some obsolete braking techniques
like pump braking which should be unlearned in any case.
Now for the long answer. ABS works by monitering the wheels of the
car, looking for signs of locked brakes. It may or may not be able
be able to distinguish between the different wheels (there are several
systems on the market.) It cannot detect impending lockup (which is
what you would really want in an ideal world), but only the existence
of lockup. The sensors used vary; some of the less well designed
sensors are sensitive to tire size, and to brake pad material, and
may cease to function properly if the owner deviates from original
equipment or OE-equivalent components.
When the sensors detect lockup, the ABS system responds by unlocking
the brakes (either individually, or all at once, depending on the
system.) If the driver keeps their foot firmly planted, the ABS
will end up cycling between the locked and unlocked states (if a
sensor existed that could detect _impending lockup_, then we could
sit right at that point, which is where maximum braking effect is
achieved.) This pulsing can often be felt in the brake pedal, as
the system cycles. The percentage of the time that the brakes are
truly engaged is called the `duty cycle'; typically in an ABS system
this is about 40% On dry pavement, a trained driver can beat this
duty cycle quite reliably using a technique called threshold braking;
on wet pavement, braking is so chancy that ABS will outperform
threshold braking nearly every time. Unfortunately, on mud and on
snow, often maximum braking effect can be acheived with the brakes
locked; only Audi, of the manufacturers producing ABS-equipped cars,
has seen fit to provide a disable switch for the ABS system for this
eventuality.
A particularly important feature of ABS is that it preserves
steering control. This is the case simply because, if you are
braking near the limit and turn the wheel, the ABS will release
the brakes if it sees steering-triggered lockup, and back off
on the percentage of the time that the brakes are applied.
Braking distances will lengthen accordingly.
An important caution: ABS cannot exceed the maximum theoretical
braking force in any given situation; if you start sliding on
glare ice, don't expect an ABS system to help you out very much.
The coefficient of friction is not changed by the presence of an
ABS system in your car.
As far as maintenence goes, in addition to the potential
restrictions I've listed above, you have to worry about the
following: 1) parts costs are much higher; the OE master cylinder
for my obscure european sedan lists for $185, but the OE master
cylinder for the ABS-equipped version of the same car lists for
over $1000. Most manufacturers explicitly forbid use of DOT-5
(silicone) brake fluids in ABS-equipped vehicles. Because of
the potential cost of replacement of corroded brake system
components, regular (I suggest annual) replacement of brake fluid
becomes very important.
Q: What about this threshold braking business?
A: [normally, I'd not put this in the consumers Q&A, but recent
publicity about a number of accidents involving police drivers
in ABS-equipped Chevy Caprices suggests that this section is
needed here -- rpw]
Threshold braking is a technique practiced by all serious high
performance drivers; if made a habit, it replaces the `stab
the pedal and lock 'em up' panic habit entirely, and is much
to be prefered. Basically, the premise is that tires generate
maximum braking force when they have just started to slide, but
just before the wheels lock up entirely. Drivers who threshold
brake learn to feel what this `threshold' feels like, and learn
to search for it and hit it on the application of the brake
pedal. In many cars, you can feel that you are near the
threshold when the pedal starts to firm up as you depress it.
In any case, if you can't hear the tires whine just a bit, you're
not very near the threshold.
In a car with ABS, often there is a twinge in the pedal just
before the system starts cycling; if the driver backs off on
the pedal just a tad when the twinge is felt, then they are very
close to the threshold and they'll probably achieve better
stopping distances than if they just punched it and let the ABS
take over.
Recently, there has been a rash of publicity over a number of
accidents, and one death, involving police cars equipped with
ABS systems. The police departments in question quickly blamed
the new ABS systems, but according to Autoweek magazine, it now
seems clear that the problem was a lack of training; none of the
involved officers had any recent performance driving training.
There is reason to believe that the drivers reacted to the pulsing
brake pedal by `pump braking', an old and discredited technique
of stabbing and releasing the brake pedal, the goal being to
try and get brakes back with a failing hydraulic system. If you
think about it for a minute, you'll realize that pump braking must
cut the effective operation of a working brake system by at least
1/2, so if you cut the 40% duty cycle of an ABS system by that
much, you are giving up most of your brakes for the wrong reason.
Threshold braking has the advantage in that it is an effective
and useful technique regardless of whether your car has ABS; if
you do fear a failed hydraulic system, then one or two stabs at
the pedal will be sufficient.
Gas Questions:
Q: Does High Octane gasoline help?
A: Maybe, maybe not. Some cars have knock sensors, and can adjust the
engine timing or turbocharger boost to suit the gasoline being used.
On most cars, however, you should use the cheapest gas that makes your
car run well. Check your owner's manual for details on what your car
needs.
Q: My car was made for leaded gasoline. Will unleaded gas hurt it?
A: It is possible that unleaded gas may *slightly* increase valve wear,
although the Amoco Oil company argues otherwise. The actual increase
in valve wear will be almost unnoticeable, however, as modern leaded
gasolines actually contain very little lead. You should, however,
check your owner's manual; many cars from the early 1970s do not
actually require leaded gasoline.
Q: Do fuel treatments help? What kind should I use?
A: Some do and some don't. During the winter, it is a good idea to use
dry gas; however, some may be harmful to fuel injection systems.
Never use an additive containing Methanol (sometimes called Methyl
Alcohol); such additives may damage fuel systems in cars with carbs
and almost certainly will damage cars with fuel injection.
Manufacturer's opinions vary on additives containing Ethanol (sometimes
called Ethyl Alcohol); if your car has fuel injection, check the owner's
manual on your car before using these. Most manufacturers consider
10% Ethanol acceptable in gasoline. Additives with Isopropyl Alcohol
(Isopropanol), and Petroleum Distillates are fine in fuel injected
cars.
An occasional bottle of fuel injector cleaner is helpful in cars with
fuel injectors, although many premium gasolines contain detergents that
do the same job. Some off brands of fuel injector cleaners contain
Ethanol or Methanol; always check the ingredients before putting anything
in your gas tank.
There are a small number of particularly good additives; these are
noticeably more expensive that the run-of-the-mill ones, but work
much, much better. Among these are Chevron Techron, Redline SL-1,
Wurth `Lubrimoly Ventil Sauber', and BG 44K. A bottle of one of these,
once every six months, is highly recommended.
Q: What about detergent gasolines?
A: The quality of detergent packages in gasolines varies somewhat; BMW
has instituted a testing program, and gasoline brands which pass this
test may advertise that fact. Stickers indicating passage of the test
are now beginning to appear on fuel pumps at gas stations. If such
gasolines are used, then fuel injector cleaners are probably optional.
Beforewarned that while use of BMW approved gasolines will keep a clean
engine clean, they may not clean a motor with bad valve deposits.
Lubrication Questions:
Q: What do the numbers and letters in a motor oil designation mean?
A: There are several different items encoded. There is a two-letter
code indicating the type of detergent package that the manufacturer
uses in the oil; this looks like SE,SF,CD or such. The S codes are
for gasoline engine applications; the C codes are for diesel engine
applications. The second letter is assigned in sequence as new levels
of protection are developed; thus SF is considered better than SE,
SE is considered better than SD, and so forth.
The more noticeable designation is the oil weight. This is either
a single number (e.g., 30 weight) or a pair of numbers separated by
the letter W (e.g., 10W30.) The latter type is much more commonly
used these days, and are the only type that most automobile
manufacturers specify in operators manuals. The first number in the
designation (10W) is the apparent viscosity of the oil when it is cold;
the W stands for `winter'. The second number (30) is the viscosity
of the oil when hot. There is a trick here; the oil doesn't actually
get thicker (turn from 10 weight to 30 weight) as it gets hotter. What
is actually happening is that when the oil is cold, it has the viscosity
of a cold 10 weight oil. as it gets hotter, it doesn't get thin as fast
as a 10W oil would; by the time it is up to temperature, it has the
viscosity of a hot 30 weight oil.
Note that these numbers actually specify ranges of viscosities; not
all 10W oils have exactly the same viscosity when cold, and not all
30 weight oils have the same viscosity when hot. Note also that the
novel behaviour of multi-grade oils is caused by additives, and it has
been reported that with the sole exception of Castrol GTX, 10W40 oils
do not retain their multi-grade characteristics well over time. 10W30,
15W40, and 20W50 oils work very well, though.
Q: Are `quick lube' places any good?
A: Some do adequate work, but there are quite a few incompetent ones out
there. Let the buyer beware, watch them while they work, make sure
that they don't overtorque the oil drain plug, and keep your hand on
your wallet at all times.
Q: Are oil additives like Slick-50 or Tufoil any good?
A: Slick-50 and Tufoil are PTFE-based additives. Many of these have
come onto the market recently; they are different from the moly-based
additives that have been around since the early 50's. PTFE is the
chemical name for Teflon(TM), a trademark owned by DuPont. In general,
auto manufacturers do not recommend use of these products. Most USENET
responses to questions on these additives are favorable (slight
increase of MPG after application, smoother revving) but long term
results (whether PTFE additives are effective after 5K miles) are
debatable. Some manufacturers (such as Saab) claim that either the
product or the engine flush that preceeds application causes
deterioration of the oil seals and eventual leakage. Some BMW owners
have reported death of valve seals shortly after the addition of
Slick 50 to their cars. This writer has been cautioned by a Slick-50
Dealer (!) that Slick-50 should _not_ be used in Japanese motors, as
it may clog the oil return passages in the engine. Otherwise, there are
no known reports of damage caused by PTFE additives.
On the other hand, there are satified Slick 50 customers in the world.
Q: Do synthetic oils really work?
A: Yes, but. More specifically, most auto manufactuers accept synthetics,
but disagree with the extremely long oil change intervals claimed by
oil manufacturers. Auto manufacturers recommend that you continue to
change oil at the intervals recommended in the owners manual for your
car. Even if you decide to try the longer intervals, at least change
the oil filter at regular intervals, as synthetics get just as dirty
as conventional oils.
Synthetic gear lubricants for manual transmissions are another matter
entirely; Amsoil, Redline, and AGIP are very highly regarded and very
effective. Mobil 1 synthetic gear lube gets mixed reviews, however.
Q: Manufacturers are specifying longer and longer oil change intervals.
How often should I change my oil?
A: It depends on how you drive. If your car always (or nearly always)
gets warmed up, and you don't drive it very hard and keep the revs
down, the manufacturer's recommendation is probably fine. If, however,
you drive it hard, drive it at high revs, or alternatively, if you
only drive it to and from the supermarket so that it doesn't get up
to temperature, then you may wish to change oil much more often,
perhaps at 3000 mile intervals (given that most manufacturers are
now specifying 7500 mile intervals.) If you don't drive your car
much at all (say 7500 miles a year), then you probably want to change
oil every six months anyway. If you are storing a car during the winter,
then change oil before storing it and change oil when you bring it out
of storage.
Misc. Questions:
Q: My car has a timing belt. I hear that bad things happen when they
break. What's the story?
A: It depends on the internal design of the motor. Early Ford Escorts,
for example, will suffer severe valve damage if the belt breaks, but
the newer cars will just require a tow and installation of a new belt.
Some Honda motors will not be damaged, but others will be.
If no replacement interval is specified for your car, then change the
belt at least every 60,000 miles; some cars may require more frequent
replacement. Ask your dealer or independent mechanic. Also, ask if
there are any related repairs that should take place at the same time
(for example, the same Ford Escorts that suffer valve damage also have
a timing belt driven water pump, which has been known to seize,
destroying the timing belt, and which then causes major valve damage
as a side effect. Replacing the timing belt while ignoring the water
pump can be a costly mistake.)
Q: Why would anyone be stupid enough to design a motor so that it
self destructs when the timing belt breaks?
A: For performance reasons. Compromising piston design so that the
valves and pistons will not collide requires that the compression
ratio of the engine be reduced significantly; this is why you are
more likely to avoid valve damage in economy cars than in performance
oriented vehicles.
Q: What causes Unintended Acceleration?
A: The final report of the National Highway, Transportation, and Safety
Administration concluded that unintended acceleration could not be
caused by any mechanical failure of the vehicle in question and at the
same time be consistent with the physical evidence. The NHTSA report
goes on to conclude that `pedal misapplication' by the vehicle operator
is probably the cause. | 4 | trimmed_train |
671 | [snip]
[stats deleted - we've all seen them by now]
I nominate this last bit for "Anti-Stathead Quote of the Week".
Alomar only has a 50 point advantage in the most important offensive
category, while Baerga, who studied in the Joe Carter School of Out-Burning,
has more impressive mediot stats, largely due to opportunities rather
than quality.
The lines are fairly close in value, but edge to Alomar.
Now Baerga ain't chopped liver, but Alomar is still the man to beat among
AL second basemen...
--Craig | 2 | trimmed_train |
6,306 | I'm having a real tough time finding out the proper adapters to use a VGA
monitor (an IBM 8513 sold w/ many PS/2's to be exact) on the Mac LC III.
All of the vendors I have called say that the internal video will not work
on a true VGA monitor but will work on a IBM Compatible multisync like the
sony's or the NEC monitors. I thought the VGA capability of LCIII was very
attractive because it allowed you to use inexpensive VGA monitors. Am I
confused or are these vendors just not up to speed? Has anyone used an
LCIII with a non multisync VGA monitor and if so where did you get your
adapter (please be specific w/ vendor and cat #)? I would prefer to get a
apple monitor for these LCIII's (it's unseemly to see the finder inside an
IBM bezel) but the more money we save on monitors the more LCIII's we can
afford and the more PS/2's we can get rid of! | 14 | trimmed_train |
9,564 |
Are there any further stories to report on the eve' of Norm's farewell
from the twin cities? In an earlier post, it was announced that Norm
Green was given until midnight of the last home-game of the North Stars
to cleanup his belongings and turn in the keys to the arena.
Did this happen? Was Norm run-out-of-town?
Rumor has it that while he was attempting to remove the score board,
the score-board fell to the ice and flattened Mr. Greedy to a large
piece of green paper. Arena management had to use the Zamboni (which
they confiscated from Norm's truck) to clean-up the useless remains. | 17 | trimmed_train |
528 |
For discussion purposes, I will ignore dynamic effects like pulses
in the exhaust pipe, and try to paint a useful mental picture.
1. Unless an engine is supercharged, the pressure available to force
air into the intake tract is _atmospheric_. At the time the intake
valve is opened, the pressure differential available to move air is only
the difference between the combustion chamber pressure (left over after
the exhaust stroke) and atmospheric. As the piston decends on the
intake stroke, combustion chamber pressure is decreased, allowing
atmospheric pressure to move more air into the intake tract. At no time
does the pressure ever become "negative", or even approach a good
vacuum.
2. At the time of the exhaust valve closing, the pressure in the
combustion chamber is essentially the pressure of the exhaust system up
to the first major flow restriction (the muffler). Note that the volume
of gas that must flow through the exhaust is much larger than the volume
that must flow through the intake, because of the temperature
difference and the products of combustion.
3. In the last 6-8 years, the Japanese manufacturers have started
paying attention to exhaust and intake tuning, in pursuit of almighty
horsepower. At this point in time, on high-performance bikes,
substitution of an aftermarket free-flow air filter will have almost
zero affect on performance, because the stock intake system flows very
well anyway. Substitution of an aftermarket exhaust system will make
very little difference, unless (in general) the new exhaust system is
_much_ louder than the stocker.
4. On older bikes, exhaust back-pressure was the dominating factor.
If free-flowing air filters were substituted, very little difference
was noted, unless a free-flowing exhaust system was installed as well.
5. In general, an engine can be visualized as an air pump. At any
given RPM, anything that will cause the engine to pump more air, be it
on the intake or exhaust side, will cause it to produce more horsepower.
Pumping more air will require recalibration (rejetting) of the carburetor.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 12 | trimmed_train |
5,317 | For Sale: A Thule Car rack with 2 bike holder accessories.
Comes with Nissan Pathfinder brackets but you can buy the
appropriate ones for your car cheap.
Looking for $100.00 for everything. I live in the Bethesda area.
Thanks for your interest.
| 5 | trimmed_train |
854 | hey... I'm pretty new to the wonderful world of motorcycles... I just
bought
a used 81 Kaw KZ650 CSR from a friend.... I was just wondering what kind of
saddle bags I could get for it (since I know nothing about them) are there
bags for the gas tank? how much would some cost, and how much do they
hold?
thanks for your advice!!! I may be new to riding, but I love it
already!!!!
:)
| 12 | trimmed_train |
3,995 |
Whatever you say. I think it's just 12 games into the season myself, so
I'm going to wait a bit before calling names.
I expect that Dave Otto will be a really bad pitcher, and I have no
idea why Simmons ever wanted him. On the other hand, I expect him to
release Otto if he doesn't turn things around pretty fast. (BTW,
Otto's game score for that 0 IP stinker was only 22, which points out
a problem with the method since Otto's performance was infinitely bad,
and excruciatingly prolonged.)
I think Merced's rookie year was a bit flukey, but aren't you willing to
give him some more at bats (and Tomlin a few more starts) before acting
so gloomy?
No he didn't. Walk is a time bomb. He has no stuff whatsoever, and when
the league finally realizes this, it won't be pretty at all.
Don't be so fast. Doughty is the guy who signed Steve Buechele, which
was a move that threatened to bury Kevin Young in the minors.
Meanwhile, I'm not sure whether Doughty or Simmons signed Martin as a
six-year free agent before the 1992 season.
Twice through the rotation, and you've given up? Yikes.
But so has his age, at least in baseball terms. The useful half-life
of a 34- year-old injury-prone catcher can't be much longer than a year.
But he wanted to be a Dodger, and felt he had something to prove after his
disastrous 1992. I don't think there was any chance for the Bucs to sign
him.
He certainly wasn't last year.
Hey, that's the "Skates Smith" package deal. Anybody who acquires
Lonnie for his defense or base-running (particularly at this stage) is
a real weirdo.
If that's the goal of the team ownership, than I don't see why Sauer
gets a zero for making his boss happy. I don't know what he has or
hasn't said about revenue sharing, so I can't comment there.
It's annoying, but since Leyland seems to have been pushing for them
to retain Jeff King, it was probably unavoidable. Meanwhile, I think
bigger accomplishments of Simmons' tenure were getting some value for
John Smiley, not trading real prospects for veterans down the stretch
last year, drafting well in 1992, letting the rookies show something
in 1993. Foley, Smith, and Candelaria were acquired to be replacement
parts, which means that even if fail it hasn't done serious damage to
the Bucs' future.
Does this mean that the Bucs lost the initial arbitration case? I
never heard the outcome of this. When will the final verdict be in on
this?
I'm not sure who was the idiot in this case, so I don't know who to
blame. It might have been Doug Danforth, after all. In fact, I
*seriously* suspect it was Doug Danforth, who has shown his
willingness to call the shots at exactly those moments when the gun is
pointed at his feet.
(btw--I've wondered whether my latest posts have been getting
off-site, so if somebody known to impersonate e.e. cummings can see
this, would he drop me a short note?) | 2 | trimmed_train |
4,628 |
Perhaps it is because witnesses who have left the compound have all
testified that the BATF shot first, they they did not identify themselves
before tossing in concussion grenades (not that anyone inside could have
_heard_ such identification after being near a concussion grenade) and
the announcement from the BATF that they have sealed the warrant under
which they were operating - which was a _search_ warrant, by the way,
_not_ an arrest warrant. In short, perhaps because the BATF is wildly
out of control and perhaps calmer heads have realized that bombing a
compound full of woman and children will not improve their position.
There is a real chance that Koresh will be able to prove self-defense
in court. That will leave - what? - four officers dead and no one to
blame but the BATF.
Followups directed to alt.activism, where the discussion has raged nearly
as long as the seige, and which shows every sign of not giving up nearly
as soon.
Larry Smith ([email protected]) No, I don't speak for Cabletron. Need you ask? | 4 | trimmed_train |
4,782 |
Yeah, and it's also true most long complicated sequences of events,
calculations, or big computer programs in general. I don't argue
that you can get similar and maybe useful results from fractals, I
just question whether you >should<.
The fractal fiends seem to be saying that any part of a system that we
can't model should be replaced with a random number generator. That
has been useful, for instance, in making data more palatable to human
perception or for torture testing the rest of the system, but I don't
think it has much to do with fractals, and I certainly would rather
that the model be improved in a more explicable manner.
I guess I just haven't seen all these earth-shaking fractal models
that explain and correlate to the universe as it actually exists. I
really hope I do, but I'm not holding my self-similar breath.
Uh huh. I'll believe it when I see it. I've been chasing fractal
compression for a few years, and I still don't believe in it. If it's so
great, how come we don't see it competing with JPEG? 'Cause it can't,
I'll wager.
Actually, I have wagered, I quit trying to make fractal compression
work- and I was trying- because I don't think it's a reasonable
alternative to other techniques. It is neat, though. :-)
I'll reiterate my disbelief that everything is fractal. That's why I
don't think fractal compression as it is widely explained is
practical. I know Barnsley and Sloan have some tricks up their
sleeves that make their demos work, but I don't see anyone using it in a
real product. It's been six years since Iterated Systems was formed,
right?
"There are always going to be questions until there's a product
out there," Sloan replies. The company plans to ship its first
encoding devices in the summer, he says. In March, Iterated
Systems will have the other half of the system: the decoders.
- Scientific American, March 1990, page 77 | 1 | trimmed_train |
7,377 | A few comments on the ATF's botched handling of this case:
1. Attempting to storm the compound in broad daylight? The explanation
we were given (at least at one point) was that they thought the cult
members would be at religious services. My only comment on this bit
of idiocy is that if you're going to operate as a quasi-military unit,
you'd better understand basic military tactics. One cardinal rule
is that only a fool plans an operation where if one assumption is
incorrect, the operation will fail disastrously.
2. We were told that ATF got four agents killed because they were
outgunned, they didn't expect such heavy resistance. When
questioned about why such an overwhelming military-style assault
was planned, we were told that it was because the cultists were
thought to be heavily armed. Can you say contradictory? I knew
you could!
3. The BATF has had a bad reputation for years as a bunch of arrogant,
hotdoggers. I was talking to relatives a couple of weeks ago and
referred to them as a bunch of Crockett and Tubbs wannabes. I'm
more than ever convinced that's right on target. An anecdote not
related to the Waco fiasco is that apparently the BATF screwed up
some of the evidence in the World Trade Center bombing. There's
now an excellent chance some of the forensic evidence gathered by
the FBI will not be admissible in court. This is not hearsay. I
was told this by a relative of my wife's who happens to be an FBI
agent. His opinion of the BATF was, ummm, well, let's just say
uncomplimentary.
4. I have *still* not been presented with one iota of evidence that
the BD's had *any* of the alleged illegal weaponry which was the
reason for the raid in the first place. BTW, we're *still* hearing
this justification. AG Reno, on CNN yesterday, made references
to this issue, without any substantiation. She also waved around
the "He's a child abuser and we heard he was beating the children!"
flag. Sigh.
5. A point re the Feds in general: their handling of the whole siege
reflected a complete lack of understanding of the probable thought
processes of the cultists. AG Reno said they pushed the button
because they were afraid a mass suicide was in the offing. My
only comment on that is that if the cultists were that close to
the edge, what the hell did she think their reaction would be to
an hours-long assault on the compound where holes were punched in
the walls and CS gas pumped in? If I were a BD, I'd expect the
forces of the godless government to assault me at any time. In
that light, whether they torched themselves or drank Jim Jones
Kool-Aid is irrelevant. Also, look at how the siege was conducted:
Bright lights, loud rock music, cutting off communications and
other contact with the outside. All measures designed to make the
BD's feel more and more isolated and threatened. This might have
been a great strategy - if they were dealing with criminals. As it
was, it looks to me like everything they did fed into Koresh's
paranoid delusions.
--
#include <std_disclaimer.h> | 9 | trimmed_train |
5,476 | ROLAND JUNO 60- SYNTHESIZER. EXCELLENT CONDITION. GREAT FAT ANALOG
SOUND. USED IN THE SONG "JUMP" BY VAN HALEN. $300 OR BEST OFFER
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FOR THE KEYBOARD EMAIL [email protected]
FOR THE RADAR EMAIL [email protected] | 5 | trimmed_train |
7,518 | Could someone tell me if the ATI graphic ultra pro is supported in a version
of vpic now.
If so where is it located.
thanks
Robert
email replies would be appreciated :-)
| 3 | trimmed_train |
5,958 | Tony-
While I honestly believe you believe you are doing a "good thing" by posting
that piece of propaganda, I believe the more people believe that the more they
will feel justified in their blatant persecution of gay oriented people. I
have seen the film called "The Gay Agenda" and along with my church we found
it to be horrifying. Not because of what was actually shown (cleaver use of
editting can create any image one wants to portray), rather becaseu we are familia
familiar with how widely it was actively distributed and how many naive people
are actually believing the garbage found within it. The truth is that neither
you nor I can fully speak for anyone who calls themself gay, but knowing as
many as I do and knowing their testimonies and witnessing thier faith and life
I have to say that the report you posted is a very biased report, something
obviously claimed against gays as well. The truth is that unless YOU are
innately gay you cannot know what harm you are causing. I speak as an
abolitionist who supports affirming gay rights in our society. I do not
support wild sex or any other misrepresentations perpetrated by Christian
Fundamentalist extremists, but I know people who are not the sexual deviants
your report paints them to be. It is no mistake that the APA removed
homosexuality from it's list of mental illnesses, it is also no mistake that
there are many Christians and homophobes who long to bring it back to the list.
I do not feel threatened by gays, I don't understand why others are.
The following is an article concerning two of the more popular ex-gay min-
istries: Exodus International & Homosexuals Anonymous.
THE FOUNDER OF AN "EX-GAY" SUPPORT GROUP CHOOSES HOMO OVER HETERO
by Robert Pela (from Gay oriented magazine ADVOCATE)
In December 1985, David Caligiuri received one of The Advocate's homophobia rewaa
awards: the A Prayer A Day Keeps the Lust Away citation. As director of FREE
INDEED, a national ex-gay ministry, Caligiuri was singled out for offering
discontented gays and lesbians "a way out of the homosexual death-style"
through prayer. "I'd like to give the award back," Caligiuri now laughs, "I'm
no longer deserve it."
Caligiuri's eight year involvement with the national "ex-gay" movement peaked
with his founding of the Phoenix chapter of Homosexuals Anonymous (HA) as well
as Free Indeed. He has since abandoned his pulpit and now says that the ex-
gay movement is a fruitless effort based on deception. "There's no reality
in it," he says, "I was selling a product, and my product was a lie."
Headed up by national ministries like Exodus International and Courage, the
organizations of the ex-gay movement rely on the tenents of born-again
Christianity to convince disatisfied homosexuals -- usually young gay men who
are just coming out -- that they can shed their sexuality by suppressing their
sexual urges and embracing Christianity. "We offer support to people who are
seeking to leave the sin of homosexuality," explains Bob Davies, director of
Exodus. He ventures that "about 80% of those seeking to abandon their homo-
sexuality are men."
"Anybody who is involved in the ex-gay ministry is misguided and is wasting
their time," says Lisa Seeley, a former "redeemed lesbian" who worked with
Caligiuri as HA and appeared with him on the Sally Jessy Raphael show. "These
organizations are for people who are spiritually and emotionally wounded."
"It's possible to change your identity or your behavior," says sex educator
Brian McNaught, author of _On Being Gay_. "But it's really impossible to
change your orientation. These people are no longer calling themselves gay,
but they continue to have same-sex erotic feelings."
Caligiuri says he founded Free Indeed after an ominous week in 1981 when all
hell broke loose in his personal life. A few days after his lover ended both
their romance and their business partnership, Caligiuri was sexually assaulted
by a man he picked up in a bar. "I was really drunk," he recalls, "and I
went home with this guy. He tied me up and raped me. He left me tied up all
night, and the next morning he raped me again."
When Caligiuri was eventually freed by the attacker, he returned home to the
home he shared with his ex-lover. "He had another man there with him,"
Caligiuri recalls. "I thought at this time, 'If this is what being gay is
about, I don't want to be this way anymore."
Caligiuri vowed that if he could find a way out, he would share his discovery
with others. He organized an antigay contingent to demonstrate at Phoenix's
gay pride parade in June 1985, and a few months later Free Indeed held its
first public protest. At a meeting to promote a gay civil rights ordinance,
Free Indeed members loudly blasted gays, telling them ther were sinners headed
for hell.
Free Indeed began receiving about a hundred telephone calls a week, thanks
in part to a deceptive listing in the local yellow pages. "We were listed
under Lesbian and Gay Alternative Services," Caligiuri says, "so people
thought we were a gay information switchboard. People would call to find out
where the local bars were, and we'd preach to them about the sins of homo-
sexuality." Ruses like this are typical of the movement, Caligiuri says,
adding, "They'll do anything to reach these people."
"David used to go on radio and say really stupid things," recalls Peter
Kelly, a counselor at Phoenix's Catholic diocese AIDS program, "like that
he knew he was gay when he started wearing pastel colors."
Caligiuri's family first found out about his ministry when they saw him on
Raphael's syndicated talk show in 1985. "They were relieved," he recalls.
"They figured that if they had to have a gay person in the family, better
that I should be a 'reformed' gay person."
But Caligiuri was hardly reformed. "By the time I appeared on Sally's
show," "I'd started having sex with men again. Men would call our hotline
and tell me about thier latest sin: sex with their pastor, sex with their
father. I was horny all the time."
Unable to risk going to gay bars, where he might be recognized from his
numerous television appearances, Caligiuri says he "used to go to bookstores
and get blowjobs." When he wasn't working the bookstores, he was sleeping
with other "reformed" homosexuals.
"I didn't realize it at first, but a lot of the HA leaders were having sex
with one another," Caligiuri says. "We'd go to conferences in other cities,
and we'd be paired up in hotel rooms. Everybody was sleeping with everybody
else."
By the time he appeared on 'AM Philadelphia' television show in May 1988,
Caligiuri was having anonymous sex a couple times a week. When the show's
host asked him if he ever "acted on temptation," his answer was a lie.
Caligiuri's duplicity began to take it's toll on him, however. He was
suffering from chrinic fatigue syndrome and candidiasis, a dibilitating
yeast infection, and this led to his escape from the sect. "I was too sick
to go to church," he explains. "The more time I spent away from those people
the more I began to feel like myself. I began to remember who I used to be."
Late in 1991, Caligiuri turned Free Indeed phone lines over to a local
church and closed the ministry's doors. "I'd convinced myself that there
is no need in the world for ex-gay people," he says.
Today, Caligiuri, 31, is studying alternative spiritualities ("I'm interest-
ed in belief systems that aren't judgemental."), considering romance ("But
not with a CHristian!"), and searching for a new project to devote himself to.
"I feel compelled to commit myself to gay causes," he says. "I want to
eventually stop feeling guilty about what I did and make up for the damage I
may have brought to our community."
---end article---
Caligiuri's tory is by no means unique and I have read several other articles
of former leaders and founders of 'ex-gay' ministries who have said very similar th
similar things. Fortuantely not all of them have left Christianity, but have
come to realize that God loves them despite the attitudes of others. Some,
like Chris Glaser, director of the Presbyterian "Lazarus Project" of West
Hollywood Presbyterian Church have actually been working with the gay community
to bring them into the sheepfold of Christ and encouraging real ethical values
of sexuality within the sphere of being gay. I have also, as I said talked and become
and become close friends with many who once attended such groups as "Love In
Action" and others, who either once claimed to have been "reformed" or who
were too honest with themselves to live a lie, no matter who was disappointed
in them. Some were even encouraged to marry as a way of "sealing" their
new heterosexuality, only to eventually start hitting the bars, bathhouses
and bookstores, since these were usually activities under the concealment of
night and one-night-stands of promiscuous behavior meant no continuous "sin"
through a committed relationship. This is a horrible trap which the CHurch
has dumped on the backs of the truly gay oriented people, and the very inno-
cent victims in these cases are the wives and children of such marriages. Yet
the church insists that there are only two options they are willing to allow
gay people: 1) heterosexuality or 2) celebacy. This is sad. What is also
mrtifying, is in the cases of those who cannot suppress their desires and
fear for thier sanity in such a mixed up confusion that the church forces on
them, they may even opt for 'suicide' or surgical dampering of the brain
functions. In the past lobotomies and heavey drug suppressants were common-
place. There are now becoming available more and more literature on the
threat of coercive Christianity toward gays, such as Sylvia Pennington's
_"Ex-Gays? There Are None_. and others. There are also a great many fact
based books being written to help people trapped in this confusion such as
Maury Johnston's _Gays Under Grace_, and Chris Glaser's _Come Hom!_. I
seriously recommend those for people seeking help for this persecution and
self-acceptance. | 15 | trimmed_train |
7,696 |
F A Q !
Reference:
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.apps,comp.sys.mac.misc,comp.sys.mac.system,
comp.sys.mac.wanted,comp.sys.mac.hardware,comp.answers,news.answers
Subject: Introductory Macintosh frequently asked questions (FAQ) | 14 | trimmed_train |
2,324 | KM> Is the 486DX3/99 anything more than a myth? I haven't heard of it
KM>from any source that I trust, and I sure don't see any ads for DX3/99
KM>machines in Computer Shopper. Intel is pretty busy with the Pentium
KM>right now; I can't seem them introducing their own competition.
I heard the rumor as well, but the story differed. Intel was not coming
out with the tripling clock 486, a clone from IBM was. I got this rumor
from a pretty good source ( Has designs computer equipment, and hav never
been wrong let, but there is a first time for everything. )
... I can just hear that rumor-mill turning now ...
-rdd
---
. WinQwk 2.0b#0 . Unregistered Evaluation Copy
* KMail 2.95d W-NET HQ, hal9k.ann-arbor.mi.us, +1 313 663 4173 or 3959
| 3 | trimmed_train |
5,767 | [of who else but President of the United States William Jefferson Clinton.]
Tsk. Surely you don't wish for the Democrats to destroy our beloved country
just so your party can get some trivial political advantage? That's rather
a petty way to think. (Not that this pettiness doesn't extend all the way
to the U.S. Senate, I've noticed...)
While Bush was president, I kept hoping and praying that he'd wise up. I
couldn't stand the man, but I wish he'd done a decent job; if so, we might
not be in the mess we are now, and that would be a small price to pay for
suffering through another term of Republican control. Similarily, YOU should
be hoping and praying that Clinton does a good job. Even if you're certain
he won't. | 13 | trimmed_train |
3,189 | Hi...
I'm new to this group, and maybe this has been covered already,
but does anybody out there see the current emphasis on the
environment being turned (unintentionally, of course) into
pantheism?
I've debated this quite a bit, and while I think a legitimate
concern for the planet is a great thing, I can easily see it
being perverted into something dangerous.
As evidence, may I quote THE WALL STREET JOURNAL (of all
things!), April 2 (Editorial page):
"We suspect that's because one party to the (environmental)
dispute thinks the Earth is sanctified. It's clear that much
of the environmentalist energy is derived from what has been
called the Religious Left, a SECULAR, or even PAGAN fanaticism
that now WORSHIPS such GODS as nature and gender with a
reverence formerly accorded real religions." (EMPHASIS MINE). | 0 | trimmed_train |
2,733 |
Yes, but typically they *don't*. Not every wild flight of fancy serves
(or can serve) in the appropriate relation to a hypothesis. It is
somewhat interesting that when anyone is challanged to provide an
example of this sort the *only* one they come up with is the one about
Kekule. Surely, there must be others. But apparently this is regarded
as an *extreme* example of a "non-rational" process in science whereby
a successful hypothesis was proposed. But how non-rational is it?
Of course we can't hope (currently at least) to explain how or why
Kekule had the daydream of snakes in the fire biting their tails.
Surely it wasn't the *only* daydream he had. What was special about
*this* one? Could it have had something to do with a perceived
*analogy* between the geometry of the snakes and problems concerning
geometry of molecules? Is such analogical reasoning "extra-scientific"?
Or is it rather at the very heart of science (Perice's notion of abduction,
the use of models within and across disciplines)? Upon close examination,
is there a non-rational mystical leap taking place, or is it perhaps
closer to a formal (though often incomplete) analogy or model? | 19 | trimmed_train |
10,507 | Hi!...
I am searching for packages that could handle Multi-page GIF
files...
Are there any on some ftp servers?
I'll appreciate one which works on PC (either on DOS or Windows 3.0/3.1).
But any package works on Unix will be OK.. | 1 | trimmed_train |
9,555 |
Seems that you're more "just misinformed" than "just wondering."
The comparison you're making is not just totally off base, but
offensive to all sane people. | 6 | trimmed_train |
147 |
[...]
Wait a minute, Doug. I know you are better informed than that. The US
has never invaded Nicaragua (as far as I know). We liberated Grenada
from the Cubans to protect US citizens there and to prevent the completion
of a strategic air strip. Panama we invaded, true (twice this century).
Vietnam? We were invited in by the government of S. Vietnam. (I guess
we "invaded" Saudi Arabia during the Gulf War, eh?) Mexico? We have
invaded Mexico 2 or 3 times, once this century, but there were no missiles
for anyone to shoot over here at that time. Hawaii? We liberated it from
Spain.
So if you mean by the word "invaded" some sort of military action where
we cross someone's border, you are right 5 out of 6. But normally
"invaded" carries a connotation of attacking an autonomous nation.
(If some nation "invades" the U.S. Virgin Islands, would they be
invading the Virgin Islands or the U.S.?) So from this point of
view, your score falls to 2 out of 6 (Mexico, Panama).
[...]
No, it's someone who believes in "peace-at-all-costs". In other words,
a person who would have supported giving Hitler not only Austria and
Czechoslakia, but Poland too if it could have averted the War. And one
who would allow Hitler to wipe all *all* Jews, slavs, and political
dissidents in areas he controlled as long as he left the rest of us alone.
"Is it supposed to be bad to be a peace-nik," you ask? Well, it depends
on what your values are. If you value life over liberty, peace over
freedom, then I guess not. But if liberty and freedom mean more to you
than life itself; if you'd rather die fighting for liberty than live
under a tyrant's heel, then yes, it's "bad" to be a peace-nik.
The problem with most peace-niks it they consider those of us who are
not like them to be "bad" and "unconscionable". I would not have any
argument or problem with a peace-nik if they held to their ideals and
stayed out of all conflicts or issues, especially those dealing with
the national defense. But no, they are not willing to allow us to
legitimately hold a different point-of-view. They militate and
many times resort to violence all in the name of peace. (What rank
hypocrisy!) All to stop we "warmongers" who are willing to stand up
and defend our freedoms against tyrants, and who realize that to do
so requires a strong national defense.
Time to get off the soapbox now. :)
[...]
Regards, | 8 | trimmed_train |
11,067 | I recently purchased a Diamond Stealth 24 Video card and received
the wrong drivers. Does anyone know where I can ftp the proper
drivers? The dstlth file at cica does not work with
this video card. Please respond to [email protected] | 18 | trimmed_train |
5,379 | Well, after massaging the Dec.cf, osf.def, (can't remember the exact names)
from OSF into my normal X11R5 distribution, everything compiles and links
fine, but xterm doesn't run.
Warning: Representation size 8 must match superclass's to override background
Warning: translation table syntax error: Modifier or '<' expected
Warning: ... found while parsing 'p^#j?;'P)=#'
X Error of failed request: BadColor (invalid Colormap parameter)
Major opcode of failed request: 85 (X_AllocNamedColor)
Resource id in failed request: 0x0
Serial number of failed request: 18
Current serial number in output stream: 18
Other than this, all the other core X stuff seems to be working OK. Any
hints/tips appreciated, patches would be primo.
Thanks. | 16 | trimmed_train |
3,270 | Well, it now seems obvious what Professor Denning was doing last fall
when this key escrow trial balloon was raised!
All the more need for end-to-end encryption schemes that bypass the
government-approved system.
By the way, the "Clipper" name...isn't this already used for the
Clipper processor from Intergraph? I doubt they're the ones making the
chip, so a name conflict may be present.
-Tim May
| 7 | trimmed_train |
876 |
hmmmm.. not sure, since no such beast exists.. i can tell you another
though.. you won't catch me dead in a GMC Syclone or Typhoon either,
1000 bhp or not.. not even the fact that Clint Eastwood has one. just
my taste, no rational reasons for it.
CAR just tested the S4 wagon with 5 banger and 6 speed manual. Rave
review except for Servotronic.. Audi is trying to recoup the
development costs for the V8, and since the V8 is not selling well,
they are sticking it into the 100 series cars.. Neat marketing trick,
eh? yeah, a 100 V8-32v wouldn't be a bad idea as competition for the
upcoming bimmer 530/540i would it? maybe they can use a 3.6 liter
version to avoid conflicts with the v8 model.. then strip off all the
luxo-garbage. let the S4 remain with the flared arches and fat tires
to go fight with the M5.... maybe turn up the boost a wee bit to bump
bhp up to say 450 or so.. :-) while keeping the 100 V8 with mercedes
500E style subtlety.
blah blah blah....
| 4 | trimmed_train |
3,158 | :
: >I've got the 6.0 spec (obviously since I quoted it in my last posting).
: >My gripe about TIFF is that it's far too complicated and nearly
: >infinitely easier to write than to read,...
:
: Why not use the PD C library for reading/writing TIFF files? It took me a
: good 20 minutes to start using them in your own app.
:
: Martin
:
What is the name of this PD C library for TIFF. I'd like to get a copy of it,
but I can't Archie for something I don't have the filename for. | 1 | trimmed_train |
8,180 |
It's not really crap you know... only half crap ;-) From what i
understand it's very expensive to play hockey south of the border...
(actually it's not that cheap up hear either... though once you have all the
equipement it's not more than $300 a year... actually i haven' played in
about 8 years so i could be off a bit... ) In the states, where ice time
is considerably more expensive it can cost over a thousand a year... compare
this to baseball and you'll see that hockey is a sport for the well-to-do...
And this brings up the fact that the well-to-do in the US are majority white...
BTW: what was the original question... i think it has to do with the Hispanic
communtiy and playing hockey....
Cheers!
i.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 17 | trimmed_train |
2,830 |
Check out #27903, just some 20 posts before your own. Maybe you missed
it amidst the flurry of responses? Yet again, the use of this
newsgroup is hampered by people not restricting their posts to matters
they have substantial knowledge of.
For cites on MSG, look up almost anything by John W. Olney, a
toxicologist who has studied the effects of MSG on the brain and on
development. It is undisputed in the literature that MSG is an
excitotoxic food additive, and that its major constituent, glutamate
is essentially the premierie neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain
(humans included). Too much in the diet, and the system gets thrown
off. Glutamate and aspartate, also an excitotoxin are necessary in
small amounts, and are freely available in many foods, but the amounts
added by industry are far above the amounts that would normally be
encountered in a ny single food. By eating lots of junk food,
packaged soups, and diet soft drinks, it is possible to jack your
blood levels so high, that anyone with a sensitivity to these
compounds will suffer numerous *real* physi9logical effects.
Read Olney's review paper in Prog. Brain Res, 1988, and check *his*
sources. They are impecable. There is no dispute. | 19 | trimmed_train |
3,685 | The ATF agent interviewed on "Street Stories" reported that the raid was
ill planned, and went ahead even when they (the BD's) knew the ATF was
coming. WHY?
I believe this raid was ill planned because they only had 2 days to plan it,
and it was continued when failure was obvious because it had a bit part
in the much larger political agenda of President Clinton. I would even
suggest that the loss of 4 ATF agents is inconsequential in this the
context of his political agenda. It MIGHT even be beneficial to his agenda,
as it helps point up just how evil these assualt weapons are. Further proof
might be that the ATF denied their agents (Street Stories report) requests
for sufficient fire power.
Important dates:
Feb 25th - NJ assembly votes to overturn assault weapon ban.
Feb 28th - Compound in Waco attacked.
On Feb. 25th the New Jersey assembly voted to overturn the assault weapon
ban in that state. It looked like it might be a tight vote, but the Senate
in N.J. was going to vote to overturn the ban. It would not sit well to have
an Eastern state overturn an assault weapon ban, given Clintons stated
agenda on gun control. I suspect Clinton gave the order to get someone or some
group with assualt weapons and have the press present (they were initially
at the incident in Waco) to record the event for the TV audience. The agent
on "Street Stories" reported that a supervisor was urging them all to "get
ready fast", as "they know we are coming". I believe this attack continued,
even tho the probablility of failure was high, because it came from the top
down. After the N.J. assembly vote, the ATF had a limited amount of time to
come up with something, and the Wackos in Waco fit the bill nicely. | 9 | trimmed_train |
8,214 |
If you really want to trigger the scanners then move the keywords
above the -- signature start bit... You'll only trip them once in
a sig (plus every so often it will flag one for human intervention
just to be sure)
I might not be being serious.
| 9 | trimmed_train |
1,555 |
What did this have to do with SF? And please don't answer
that a number of libertarians are SF fans or vice versa. I know a
number of SF fans who are also baseball fans but I don't plan on
posting the Red Sox schedule.
| 13 | trimmed_train |
4,573 |
Ending an embargo does not _we_ must sell anything at all.
You seem to oppose ending the embargo. You know, it is difficult for Europeans
to sell weapons when there is an embargo in place.
But if this was the reason, and if furthermore both sides are equal, wouldn't
all us racist Americans be favoring the good Christians (Serbs) instead
of the non-Christians we really seem to favor?
--
"On the first day after Christmas my truelove served to me... Leftover Turkey!
On the second day after Christmas my truelove served to me... Turkey Casserole
that she made from Leftover Turkey.
[days 3-4 deleted] ... Flaming Turkey Wings! ...
-- Pizza Hut commercial (and M*tlu/A*gic bait) | 6 | trimmed_train |
10,823 |
How is it ever going to be an Off- the Shelf Technology if someone doesn't
do it? Maybe we should do this as part of the SSF design goals. ;-)
Gee fred. After your bitter defense of 20 KHz power as a Basic technology
for SSF, Id think you would support a minor research program like this.
And does anyone who knows more Particle physics then me, know if the IPNS
could Prove this technology?
| 10 | trimmed_train |
5,523 |
To Andi,
I have to disagree with you about the value of Israeli news sources. If you
want to know about events in Palestine it makes more sense to get the news
directly from the source. EVERY news source is inherently biased to some
extent and for various reasons, both intentional and otherwise. However,
the more sources relied upon the easier it is to see the "truth" and to discern
the bias.
Go read or listen to some Israeli media. You will learn more news and more
opinion about Israel and Palestine by doing so. Then you can form your own
opinions and hopefully they will be more informed even if your views don't
change. | 6 | trimmed_train |
6,887 |
He meant the US spends more per capita on guns than Canada which isn't
really surprising because we were so busy protecting the western world from
the USSR that all other countries could slack off on their defense spending. | 9 | trimmed_train |
3,543 |
Now you know why I am just a DOD member. I like bikes and clubs but
the politics and other b*llsh*t is a real turn-off.
--
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
"Tuba" (Irwin) "I honk therefore I am" CompuTrac-Richardson,Tx
[email protected] DoD #0826 (R75/6) | 12 | trimmed_train |
3,191 |
Why don't you call the City and ask? Oak Park also has an illegal handgun
ban as well, but does allow those with a "collectors FFL" to possess
("collectible?") handguns.
Probably a fine in practical terms.
It wouldn't impede your defense at all. There was an actual incident
in Oak Park where a gas station owner engaged in a shootout with a
handgun; the grand jury decided not to presecute. On the other hand,
a black man used an illegally owned handgun in Oak Park to defend
himself, and the Village tried to make an example out of him. An NRA
Director who lived there made a stink about this, and it was decided
not to charge the guy. Of course, pissing off anti-gun police thugs
has it's own drawbacks, like when the Oak Park Police Chief came to his
house, and told him: "this is stepping over the line; this could get
dangerous for you." Whereupon the few black Oak Park police officers
watched over his house to ensure that the white anti-gun police chief
and his anti-gun cronies wouldn't f*ck with him, his home or family.
L.V. Cipriani states that the "Any other weapon" category is allowed,
but the exact relationship between an Ithaca Auto-burgular, which I
believe is in the "Any other weapon" category and a chopped barrel
H&K HK-94 (Class 3 for sure) is not clear to me...
In your dreams, buddy. As long as Democrats reign in Chicago, Illinois
residents will always be disarmed and helpless in the streets. Politicians
get around this by provisions in the law that allow them to carry
concealed weapons. Voters in Chicago are too stupid to vote these a**holes
out of office; because the Dems are always in power, the Illinois
Supreme Court is always tilted to the Democratic Party's views on guns.
[All candidates supported by political consultant David Axelrod are
anti-gun, which explains anti-RKBA Crook County States Attorney
Jack(ass) O'Malley being a so-called "Republican."] | 9 | trimmed_train |
3,494 | Well, I have it forsale again (the last deal didn't work out) and I lowered
the price again!
Cobra 146 GTL Single side band w/mike --> $75 or best offer!
dave
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Cal Poly, Life, Liberty, and the
SLO, CA 93401 Pursuit of Land Speed Records.
-Autobahn Commuters | 5 | trimmed_train |
8,949 | I saw his bike parked in front of a bar a few weeks later without the
dog, and I wandered in to find out what had happened.
He said, "Somebody stole m' damn dog!". They left the Harley behind.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 12 | trimmed_train |
5,144 | [... a bunch of well-meaning (maybe) cynnical text about screw-thread
sizes, the rights of people to have their own standards,
and the non-right of the gov. to regulate screw-threads...]
Well, as funny as your little comment may seem, it has very little to
do with your personal privacy as a citizen, and about the governemnt
being able to look at everything you have ever typed into a computer
at one point or another.
This "Clipper Chip" stuff is the seeds for nightmares to make the
Nightmare on Elmstreet cheese-on-celluloid movies look like episodes
of Mr. Roger's Neighborhood.
IF the gov establishes a cryptography standard that has to be used by
everyone, and everyone's personal key is divided into two segments
and stored at two separate, albeit easy to find places, and that key is
only 80 bits to begin with, we are screwed (pardon the allusion to the
affore-mentioned article)!
the gov, I believe, as do many others probably already have the cracking chips
for this Clipper Chip made. Hell, they probably based the encoder on the
chip that cracks it, that way it's easier to break the code, but since it is a
classified algorythm, no one knows that they can crack it so easily.
I, for one, and quite scared of this kind of thing, and plan to support
organizations (and even disorganizations) who are fighting against this
Clipper Chip in any way that I can.
I do not want the government to be able to have access, even with a search
warrant, to my keys... and I don't want those keys to be only 80 bits long
to begin with!
-nate sammons | 7 | trimmed_train |
6,332 | I know this is probably a FAQ, but...
I installed the s/w for my ATI graphics card, and it bashed my Windows
logo files. When I start Windows now, it has the 3.0 logo instead of
the 3.1 logo.
I thought the files that controlled this were
\WINDOWS\SYSTEM\VGALOGO.RLE
\WINDOWS\SYSTEM\VGALOGO.LGO
I restored these files, but it didn't change the logo. Anyone know what
the correct files are?
Thanks.
| 18 | trimmed_train |
11,276 | A new alternative to Scouting for those "unacceptable to BSA" for reasons
of religious or sexual preference:
From: "BOYD R. CRITZ, III" <[email protected]>
Subject: EnviroLeague
"Birth Announcement" on March 7, 1993, from EARTH Forum, CompuServe
Information Service
===================================================================
FORMAL ANNOUNCEMENT
-------------------
(SM)
EnviroLeague
A new youth movement,"EnviroLeague," was recently born, according to its
founder, Boyd R. Critz, III (CIS ID# 71611,365), of Peoria, Illinois.
EnviroLeague exists for the education of youth, both male and female, in
matters concerning their values related to and responsibility for our
environment.
Incorporated as an Illinois not-for-profit corporation, its Articles and
initial applications for a service mark have now been filed. According to
Critz, its draft Bylaws contain the following statement of Mission and
Objectives:
MISSION
It is the Mission of EnviroLeague and its adult members
to foster and implement the improved education of young
people in the need to conduct their lives as Stewards
of The Earth, to leave The Earth in a better condition
than they found it, and to otherwise act as responsible,
moral and ethical users of their environment. To pursue
the accomplishment of this Mission, EnviroLeague shall
seek to serve as a catalyst, focusing in common cause the
separate efforts of all groups desiring the preservation,
improvement, and responsible use of the environment in
which we must all live.
OBJECTIVES
In pursuit of the Mission of EnviroLeague, its primary
objectives shall be:
(1) To establish a Movement involving as many
environmentally concerned organizations as
possible, said Movement having as its primary
focus the education and participatory
involvement of young people in appropriate areas
of environmental concern;
(2) To develop and provide to such organizations and
their branches a full complement of program
materials for their use, including suitable
uniforms, insignia and other badges, written
ideas, syllabi and information, literature and
other items as shall seem appropriate and
desirable;
(3) To serve as a "clearing house" for the exchange
of program ideas, materials and information
among said organizations; and
(4) To assist environmentally concerned
organizations to recruit and train the necessary
adult leadership for their youth programs.
EnviroLeague will operate through three "Program Divisions" serving youth in
the elementary, middle and high school grades, respectively. Service shall be
through formation of "EnviroLeague Teams," either by EnviroLeague itself or by
environmentally conscious organizations (or their local branches) wishing a
charter to use programs developed by EnviroLeague.
EnviroLeague, as it develops, will be controlled by the actual adult leaders
of each local Team, and will have no nationally imposed obstacles to
membership or adult leadership status not based upon relevant improper
conduct. Organizations accepting a charter may, however, impose certain
additional standards for their own use of the program material. Should such
organizations do so, EnviroLeague will commit itself to forming, as soon as
possible, new nearby Teams having no such restrictions, particularly as to
youth membership.
EnviroLeague will operate on the principle that youth will have much to
contribute to developing its programs. Thus, the top youth leaders of its
Teams for middle and high school youth may become involved in governing any
local administrative groups, and those for its high school youth may be
involved in similar functions at the national level.
Program materials are in development at this time. Copies of the "draft"
portions of the Mentor's Manual (manual for adult leadership) will be in the
EARTH Forum, Library 17. These files will be updated as development takes
place.
CompuServe is particularly proud that EnviroLeague's founder chose this
electronic medium to make the first public announcement of its formation.
This announcement is being made simultaneously in both the OUTDOOR and EARTH
Forums.
The electronic home of EnviroLeague is in CompuServe's Earth Forum - GO
EARTH - message and library areas 17, both named "EnviroLeague."
============================================================================
Subsequently, EnviroLeague's Initial Governance Council has held its first
meeting. Boyd Critz was elected as the first EnviroLeague Chief Guardian
(equivalent to Chairman of the Board or CEO). He can be reached at home
(309) 675-4483 in case of real need. Also, mail can be addressed to:
EnviroLeague
P.O. Box 418
Peoria, IL 61651-0418
Those interested in starting an EnviroLeague Team might just establish
contact, to receive a diskette (IBM DOS, ASCII) with initial information.
-- | 8 | trimmed_train |
48 | The subject line says it all. I'm working on a project
that will use a car battery. I need to pull off 3V and possibly
48V at 3A.
I have several ideas, but I'd prefer to benefit from all you
brilliant people :-) | 11 | trimmed_train |
11,290 |
Apple has really confused people with this whole thing. I think
we'll be answering this question for about the next year or so. There is
no "option" to get an FPU on a C650. What you have is a choice of CPUs:
there is the 68LC040 that does not have an integrated FPU like the full
'040 and is only present in the base 4/80 model of the C650 (AppleUSA).
And there is the full '040 which you get when you order anything other
than the base 4/80 configuration. Therefore, since you have ordered one
of the 8MB versions with on-board Ethernet models you will not be
getting the LC040. But even if you wanted to have the LC040 you wouldn't
be able to order a C650 with 8MB RAM, on-board Ethernet and an LC040.
It's not an "option."
Also, a note to people out there that have 4/80 C650s and C610s
thinking that there is an optional FPU, the '040 class chip cannot
recognize an external FPU, so there is no socket on the motherboard for
a FPU chip and you cannot go out and purchase an FPU on a PDS card or
something like that. The only way to get an FPU in these machines is to
replace the LC040 with a full '040. And if you have a C610, you will not
need to worry about a heat sink if you do replace the LC040 with the
full '040, but if you have a 4/80 C650 you do need to have a heat sink. | 14 | trimmed_train |
6,935 | Note: The following was released by the White House today in
conjunction with the announcement of the Clipper Chip
encryption technology.
FACT SHEET
PUBLIC ENCRYPTION MANAGEMENT
The President has approved a directive on "Public Encryption
Management." The directive provides for the following:
Advanced telecommunications and commercially available encryption
are part of a wave of new computer and communications technology.
Encryption products scramble information to protect the privacy of
communications and data by preventing unauthorized access.
Advanced telecommunications systems use digital technology to
rapidly and precisely handle a high volume of communications.
These advanced telecommunications systems are integral to the
infrastructure needed to ensure economic competitiveness in the
information age.
Despite its benefits, new communications technology can also
frustrate lawful government electronic surveillance. Sophisticated
encryption can have this effect in the United States. When
exported abroad, it can be used to thwart foreign intelligence
activities critical to our national interests. In the past, it has
been possible to preserve a government capability to conduct
electronic surveillance in furtherance of legitimate law
enforcement and national security interests, while at the same time
protecting the privacy and civil liberties of all citizens. As
encryption technology improves, doing so will require new,
innovative approaches.
In the area of communications encryption, the U. S. Government has
developed a microcircuit that not only provides privacy through
encryption that is substantially more robust than the current
government standard, but also permits escrowing of the keys needed
to unlock the encryption. The system for the escrowing of keys
will allow the government to gain access to encrypted information
only with appropriate legal authorization.
To assist law enforcement and other government agencies to collect
and decrypt, under legal authority, electronically transmitted
information, I hereby direct the following action to be taken:
INSTALLATION OF GOVERNMENT-DEVELOPED MICROCIRCUITS
The Attorney General of the United States, or her representative,
shall request manufacturers of communications hardware which
incorporates encryption to install the U.S. government-developed
key-escrow microcircuits in their products. The fact of law
enforcement access to the escrowed keys will not be concealed from
the American public. All appropriate steps shall be taken to
ensure that any existing or future versions of the key-escrow
microcircuit are made widely available to U.S. communications
hardware manufacturers, consistent with the need to ensure the
security of the key-escrow system. In making this decision, I do
not intend to prevent the private sector from developing, or the
government from approving, other microcircuits or algorithms that
are equally effective in assuring both privacy and a secure key-
escrow system.
KEY-ESCROW
The Attorney General shall make all arrangements with appropriate
entities to hold the keys for the key-escrow microcircuits
installed in communications equipment. In each case, the key
holder must agree to strict security procedures to prevent
unauthorized release of the keys. The keys shall be released only
to government agencies that have established their authority to
acquire the content of those communications that have been
encrypted by devices containing the microcircuits. The Attorney
General shall review for legal sufficiency the procedures by which
an agency establishes its authority to acquire the content of such
communications.
PROCUREMENT AND USE OF ENCRYPTION DEVICES
The Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with other appropriate
U.S. agencies, shall initiate a process to write standards to
facilitate the procurement and use of encryption devices fitted
with key-escrow microcircuits in federal communications systems
that process sensitive but unclassified information. I expect this
process to proceed on a schedule that will permit promulgation of
a final standard within six months of this directive. | 7 | trimmed_train |
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