Search is not available for this dataset
sentence1
stringlengths 1
66.1k
| sentence2
stringlengths 1
65k
|
|---|---|
I really couldn't imagine that happening. | Onun olduğunu gerçekten düşünemedim. |
Saboteur (card game) | Saboteur (gioco da tavolo) |
You should not resort to drinking. | No deberías recurrir al trago. |
He married Margaret Helen Chrystal on 5 January 1946; they had a son and a daughter. | Ele casou-se com Margaret Helen Chrystal no dia 5 de Janeiro de 1946; tiveram um filho e uma filha. |
who is ainan celeste cawley? | Ainan Celeste Cawley (born November 23, 1999) is a Singaporean child prodigy. Cawley gave his first public lecture at the age of six, and at seven years and one month of age, he had passed the GCSE chemistry and studied chemistry at the tertiary level in Singapore Polytechnic a year later. |
Islamic Spain: 1250 to 1500. | Islamic Spain, 1250 to 1500 (en anglès). |
Please help me find the entire lyrics to this old hymn!? | Hold on I humming the words right now. |
According to one story, this group became known for its extravagant and luxurious banquets, known as "cordons bleus". | De acordo com a história, o grupo ficou conhecido por seus banquetes extravagantes e luxuosos, conhecidos por sua vez como "cordon bleu". |
Fuller next worked on Mind Fields with Lisa Joy for USA Network, which was not picked up. | Otro intento de serie de Fuller fue Mind Fields, con Lisa Joy, para USA Network, que tampoco pasó de la fase de desarrollo inicial. |
is push ups better than weight training? | Pushups are compound exercises that target major arm, shoulder and chest muscles. Specifically, pushups help develop your deltoids, pectorals and triceps. ... While pushups aren't necessarily better than lifting weights, they can be an effective part of your overall strength-training program. |
how many calories does stationary cycling burn? | Depending on the intensity of your workout and your body weight, you can burn more than 600 calories an hour with a stationary bike workout. This makes indoor cycling an excellent workout option for burning calories quickly. Burning more calories than you consume is the key to weight loss. |
how do i enable macros in ms word? | Go to tools, options and click on the security tab. At the bottom of the tab, click on macro security. Click on the security setting High, Medium, or Low...I recommend Medium as it will allow you to choose whether or not you want a macro to run. After choosing, click okay. |
Poland operates the Polish Polar Station at Hornsund, with ten permanent residents. | Ba Lan điều hành trạm Bắc Cực Ba Lan tại Hornsund, với mười người cư trú thường xuyên. |
David Bauer (ice hockey) | دايفيد باور |
how to renew your driver's license in ct? | ['Bring your current license (which must be presented).', 'The renewal application form that you received in the mail (if available).', 'Additional documents if applying for a Real ID verified license. ... ', 'The fee for your renewal is indicated on your renewal notice.'] |
United Nations Security Council Resolution 21 | Резолюция Совета Безопасности ООН 21 |
what is wheatena | Cookbook: Wheatena Media: Wheatena Wheatena is an American high-fiber, toasted-wheat cereal that originated on Mulberry Street in New York City, New York, circa 1879, when a small bakery owner began roasting whole wheat, grinding it, and packaging it for sale under this brand name. |
"Philip Seymour Hoffman, a theatrically charged talent". | Philip Seymour Hoffman, a theatrically charged talent (англ.). |
Is Tungsten Carbide an alloy? | The second answer is right, tungsten carbide simply refers to a tungsten atom and a carbon atom that are bound together. In bulk, it's 50% carbon and 50% carbon, but it's not just a mixture like brass is a mixture of copper and zinc. Bulk metals and alloys are held together by metallic bonds, where the atoms all share their valence electrons, while the bond between tungsten and carbon is a stronger covalent bond. |
Two years after the tournament in The Law of Ueki, Kosuke Ueki is now a 3rd year student in Hinokuni Junior High School. | Dua tahun setelah turnamen dalam The Law of Ueki, Ueki Kosuke sekarang sudah kelas 3 di SMP Hinokuni. |
In 1933 Ohlin published a work that made him world-renowned, Interregional and International Trade. | V roku 1933 publikoval Ohlin dielo s názvom „Medziregionálny a medzinárodný obchod“. |
Hands of Stone | 光榮擂台 |
The benefits of lazy evaluation include: The ability to define control flow (structures) as abstractions instead of primitives. | K výhodám odloženého vyhodnocování patří: Možnost definovat řídicí struktury jako abstrakce nikoli jako primitiva. |
Ecotropism | Екотропізм |
Children may drop their close attachment to their opposite-sex parent and become more attached to their same-sex parent. | Lapset voivat lopettaa läheisen kanssakäymisen vastakkaisen sukupuolen kanssa ja tulla läheisemmäksi samaa sukupuolta olevan vanhempansa kanssa. |
A study of Thomas Aquinas on divine grace and human freedom was well-suited to his interest in working out a theoretical analysis of history. | Um estudo em Santo Tomás de Aquino sobre a graça divina e a liberdade humana, casou perfeitamente em seus interesses de trabalhar uma análise teorética da história. |
how many weight watchers points in walkers baked crisps? | For 1.5pts you can have Monster Munch, Walkers baked crisps, Wotsits etc. |
are swatch watches swiss made? | Its products include its ubiquitous Swatch watches and luxury brands like Breguet, Blancpain, Omega and Longines. Almost all of the company's production is in Switzerland. Swatch does produce some watch components in China, Thailand and Malaysia, but the company says they are only minor parts. |
Stevens and McNulty divorced soon after. | Stevens y McNulty se divorciaron poco después. |
Microsoft implements a number of different security measures on its Xbox Live service. | Microsoft met en œuvre un certain nombre de mesures de sécurité sur son service Xbox Live. |
The role of the 72 virgins in Islam's version of Heaven. | While they are commonly referred to as virgins, they are actually *houris*. Beautiful, deferential, heavenly beings that each believer receives...the more righteous the believer, the more they get. They are "pure" and for the exclusive use of that believer, which is why they are simplistically referred to as virgins. |
can federal employees volunteer to work for free? | Why Federal Workers Can't Volunteer to Work for Free They're not being paid and they're not working. But what's more, they're not allowed to work. ... If you really strongly believe in your agency's mission and don't happen to have anything better to do today, you can't volunteer to work for free. You must stay home. |
The government of North Rhine-Westphalia decided in 1988 to carry out the IBA Emscher Park to achieve a paradigm shift from the “rust belt” towards a green, modern and wealthy metropolitan area. | Le gouvernement de Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie a décidé en 1988 de réaliser le parc IBA Emscher Park afin de réaliser un changement de paradigme de la "ceinture de rouille" vers une zone métropolitaine verte, moderne et riche. |
who among us actually thought this (Mad Magazine look a like) could make a good world leader?if so u scare me. | Yea, Al Gore was definitely better...I mean he was always so statuesque...looking like someone stuck a 2X4 up his a$$...I could see him now on 9/11...he would be running around screaming about the environmental impact the collapse of the towers had...not really concerned about the 3000 dead...the Taliban would still be in power...Al Qaeda would still have Afghanistan to train & equip in...we would still have terrorist attacks within our nation...the ACLU would be dictating how we run the War on Terror (if Gore even had one)...an attorney for every terrorist!...plus free health care!...and a free government pension for all foreign "freedom fighters!"...Ah, yes...that would've been so much better than now... |
(Ə after A, Ь after E) After the introduction of Jaꞑalif most of the books which were printed in the Arabic alphabet were withdrawn from libraries. | После внедрения яналифа большинство книг, напечатанных арабским алфавитом, было изъято из библиотек. |
Artem Klimenko | Артём Клименко |
god eater resurrection how many story missions are there? | Missions with the story tag stop at 124. The actual story itself ends at 100, with the battle against the nova. |
In September 1945, Chinese forces entered Tonkin, and a small British task force landed at Saigon. | Em Setembro de 1945, as forças chinesas entraram em Tonkin e uma pequena força britânica desembarcou em Saigão. |
When we got there, 20 minutes later, we started CPR on the kid. | כשהגענו לשם, 20 דקות אחר כך, התחלנו החייאה על הילד. |
i mean yeah yeah i went there looking at a used car and two days later i bought this car i i felt i felt like | I got this car after looking for a used card. |
However, it is thought that bacteria have alternate mechanisms to produce amino acids which might make this approach less effective. | Tanmateix, es creu que els bacteris tenen mecanismes alternatius per produir aminoàcids que podrien fer aquesta tàctica menys eficaç. |
This is what was written on that tablet: "In the name of Allah, most Gracious, most Merciful. | Ea este descrisă astfel în Coran: În numele lui Allah Cel Milostiv, Îndurător 1. |
why is it that (on movies) when people die, sometimes they bleed from their mouths even though the injury was not near that part of their body. Eg: getting stabbed in the back? | If you get stabbed in a lung, the lung fills with blood, and your body's natural reaction is to cough it up to clear the lung so you can breathe, hence the blood in the mouth. |
He defeated Darren Clarke and top-64 player Nick Pearce and reached the main tournament in Bournemouth. | Er besiegte Darren Clarke und den Top-64-Spieler Nick Pearce und erreichte das Hauptturnier in Bournemouth. |
granites | granitai |
How many books did you buy? | Скільки ви купили книжок? |
A woman gives a birthday cake to a young child. | A woman carrying a cake with lit candles towards a young boy. |
can i drive my car with expired registration in dubai? | In case you are caught driving a vehicle with registration expired over three months, you will be fined 500 Dirhams and your vehicle will be confiscated for seven days. |
Gilles de Kerchove warns of 'steady growth' in Europeans joining ISIS .
Countries joining military action must 'protect their citizens' at home .
Also raises prospect of Al-Qaeda attack to show it is 'still relevant'
MPs debating the idea of Britain joining air strikes against ISIS in Iraq . | Britain joining military action against ISIL increases the risk of a terror attack on European soil, will be at greater risk of a terror attack, the EU's anti-terrorism chief has warned. Gilles de Kerchove claimed more than 3,000 Europeans have so far joined extremists fighting in Iraq and Syria. He said countries, including the UK, joining the international coalition against murderous ISIS militants must 'take some measures to protect their citizens' from the threat posed by returning fighters. Gilles de Kerchove claimed more than 3,000 Europeans have so far joined extremists fighting in Iraq and Syria.= . An IS militant fires a rocket propelled grenade launcher during fighting near the Syrian Kurdish town of Ain al-Arab, known as Kobane by the Kurds . MPs are expected to vote in favour of Britain taking part in air strikes against ISIS bases in Iraq. Prime Minister David Cameron warned Britain cannot 'walk on by' in the face of the threat posed by 'psychopathic terrorists'. But Mr de Kerchove said the move raises the risk of retaliation from ISIS on European soil, and could even spur Al-Qaeda to launch an attack to show that it is 'still relevant'. He told the BBC that there had been 'steady growth' in the number of Europeans joining ISIS fighters, hitting an 'unprecedented' 3,000 in recent weeks. Asked if European countries joining military action raises the prospect of a terror attack on European soil, Mr Kerchove replied: 'I think we have to acknowledge that it will. 'That was clear with the French because three days ago ISIL issued a statement saying there would be retaliation against the coalition. 'A French man was kidnapped in Algeria and he has been beheaded. So in a way sadly they did what they announced.' 'So I think countries being part of this coalition will have to take some measures to protect their citizens and assess the risk. 'But this is not only the ISIL, you have Al-Qaeda, through its affiliate Jabhat al-Nusra, and maybe the rise of ISIL may prompt Al-Qaeda to show that it is still relevant.' Prime Minister David Cameron warns ISIS has behaved with 'staggering brutality' as he opens the debate ahead of the vote in Parliament . 'That this House condemns the barbaric acts of ISIL against the peoples of Iraq including the Sunni, Shia, Kurds, Christians and Yazidi and the humanitarian crisis this is causing; . 'Recognises the clear threat ISIL poses to the territorial integrity of Iraq and the request from the Government of Iraq for military support from the international community and the specific request to the UK Government for such support; . 'Further recognises the threat ISIL poses to wider international security and the UK directly through its sponsorship of terrorist attacks and its murder of a British hostage; . 'Acknowledges the broad coalition contributing to military support of the Government of Iraq including countries throughout the Middle East; . 'Further acknowledges the request of the Government of Iraq for international support to defend itself against the threat ISIL poses to Iraq and its citizens and the clear legal basis that this provides for action in Iraq; . 'Notes that this motion does not endorse UK air strikes in Syria as part of this campaign and any proposal to do so would be subject to a separate vote in Parliament; . 'Accordingly supports Her Majesty's Government, working with allies, in supporting the Government of Iraq in protecting civilians and restoring its territorial integrity, including the use of UK air strikes to support Iraqi, including Kurdish, security forces' efforts against ISIL in Iraq; . 'Notes that Her Majesty's Government will not deploy UK troops in ground combat operations; . 'And offers its wholehearted support to the men and women of Her Majesty's armed forces.' The CIA has suggested there might be as many as 31,000 fighters in Syria and Iraq. Mr de Kerchove addedd: 'It is a steady growth. Probably the declaration of the establishment of the caliphate may have played a role.' Britain's decision to join military strikes follows the involvement of the US, France and several Arab nations. MPs have been recalled to Westminster today to vote on British involvement in air strikes against ISIS - also known as Islamic State or ISIL - in Iraq, at the request of the Iraqi government. Prime Minister David Cameron said: 'Of course, some will say that any action you take will further radicalise young people. "I have to say this is a counsel of despair. The threat of radicalisation is already here. Young people have left our country to go and fight with these extremists. "We must take action at home, but we must also have a comprehensive strategy to defeat these extremists abroad." In the debate, former Defence Secretary Liam Fox added: 'You cannot join a Jihadi gap year and come back to the UK with impunity.' Six RAF Tornados have been stationed in Cyprus for the past six weeks and have been flying surveillance flights over northern Iraq. They could begin dropping bombs and missiles within hours of the Prime Minister giving orders after the Commons vote at 5pm. Opening the debate, Mr Cameron said: 'There is no more serious issue than asking our armed forces to put themselves in harm's way to protect our country.' He insisted British involvement in military action in Iraq was necessary and in the national interest, working with local partner countries to build an international coalition. He admitted the 2003 invasion of Iraq by Tony Blair's government 'hangs heavy' over the Commons, but warned today's situation is 'very different'. 'This is not 2003, we must not use past mistakes as an excuse for indifference or inaction,' the PM added. He said the UK has a 'duty' to act and could not leave responsibility for keeping the British people safe to other countries. 'Is there a threat to the British people? The answer is yes,' he said. 'ISIL has already murdered one British hostage and has threatened to murder two more.' Mr Cameron added: 'ISIL is a terrorist organisation unlike those we have dealt with before. 'The brutality is staggering - beheadings, crucifixions, gauging out of eyes, use of rape as a weapon. All those things belong to the dark ages.' |
Rechulówka | Рехулувка |
Special climate conditions may be created for animals living in extreme environments, such as penguins. | Kondisi iklim khusus dapat dibuat untuk hewan yang hidup di lingkungan yang ekstrem, seperti pinguin. |
What a tall boy Tony is! | Koks aukštas berniukas yra Tonis! |
136 "Oui, monsieur. | Hello, sir. |
what is a guarantee | A warranty is a promise or guarantee given. A warranty is usually a written guarantee for a product and declares the makerâs responsibility to repair or replace a defective product or its parts. A guarantee is an agreement assuming responsibility to perform, execute, or complete something and offering security for that agreement. |
It is Chile's largest river in terms of volume of water. | Najveća je čileanska rijeka prema količini vode. |
are dooney and bourke bags made in mexico? | Authentic Vintage Dooney Bags when made in ITALY or MEXICO will have an additional leather tag sewn inside and will read DOONEY & BOURKE MADE IN ITALY OR DOONEY & BOURKE MADE IN MEXICO. ... (there are some exceptions to some of the Authentic Vintage Dooney Bags having 2 tags inside. |
who is on 2019 dancing on ice? | Former Strictly Come Dancing professional James Jordan beat The X Factor's Saara Alto and Love Island's Wes Nelson to take the 2019 title, alongside his skating partner Alexandra Schauman. |
A Breed Apart | Une race à part |
Davis believed the loss of General Johnston "was the turning point of our fate." | Davis llegó a alegar que la pérdida de Johnston "fue el punto de inflexión hacia nuestro destino". |
The paper was sold in both the French and Spanish parts of the Basque Country and its revenue from sales and advertising was complemented by subsidies from the Basque regional government. | Novine su prodavane i po francuskim i španjolskim dijelovima Baskije a njihove prihode od prodaje i oglašavanja su dopunjavale subvencije iz baskijske regionalne samouprave. |
are u deaf in sign language? | Description: Touch your finger on your cheek near your ear, then move your finger in a small arch and touch it near the mouth. Remember, start and end the sign on the cheek. |
how to put a profile photo on outlook email? | ['At the top of the page, select your profile picture.', 'Select Edit profile.', 'Select Change picture.', 'Select Browse and choose the picture you want to use.', 'Drag or resize the image box, and select Save.'] |
what is the difference between polished and stained concrete? | Stained concrete has a coating on it to make a shine that is very durable. Polished concrete is just that – it's polished rock and the actual surface is smooth. It's a process that is designed to look good and last for years like granite and marble. |
Leeteuk was discharged from the hospital on 30 April 2007. | Leeteuk pudo salir del hospital el 30 de abril de 2007. |
Its architect, Oskar Sommer, planned the building in Italian Renaissance style. | Su arquitecto, Oskar Sommer, diseñó el edificio en el estilo del Renacimiento italiano. |
At times Husserl saw his goal as one of moral "renewal". | На моменти Хусерл гледал на својата цел како на морално"обновување". |
You are not fighting on your own, Madam. | سيدتي، لست لوحدك في المعركة. |
However, in a later stage, he also used divisions of three or ratios of two to three when working out the width and the proportions of domes, such as the Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Mosque at Kadırga. | No obstant això, en ena etapa posterior, també va fer servir divisions de tres o raons de dos a tres a les amplades i proporcions de les cúpules, com a la mesquita Sokullu Mehmet Pasha de Kadirga. |
The earthquake caused huge landslides, which cascaded into the villages below the mountains, destroying more than 150 homes. | Gempa menyebabkan tanah longsor besar melanda desa-desa di bawah gunung, menghancurkan lebih dari 150 rumah. |
Lastine | Ластине |
can a relationship get boring? | You're experiencing a lot of firsts with your partner, sparks are flying, and you're having fun. When a relationship is older, it's common to experience boredom in some aspect of your relationship, whether it's your day-to-day life at home with your partner, your lack of date nights, your sex life, or all of the above. |
And Even If He Could, Should He?". | And Even If He Could, Should He?. |
At the end of 2006, Évelyne Thomas joined the daily newspaper France-Soir to animate a page of letters from readers until May 2007. | À la fin de l'année 2006, Évelyne Thomas rejoint le quotidien France-Soir pour animer une page de courrier des lecteurs jusqu'en mai 2007. |
He was also notable as a violent National Guardsman in Walter Hill's Southern Comfort (1981). | Também ganhou notoriedade interpretando um violento guarda nacional em Southern Comfort (1981), de Walter Hill. |
In his work Summa de Geografía, he states that they found an indigenous population who called themselves the "Veneciuela," which suggests that the name "Venezuela" may have evolved from the native word. | În lucrarea sa Summa de Geografía el afirmă că au găsit o populație băștinașă, care s-au numit Veneciuela sugerând că numele de „Venezuela” poate că a evoluat din cuvântul nativ. |
Before the introduction of coins to Brunei, Cowrie shells were used as bartering currency in purchasing small items. | Vor der Einführung von Münzen in Brunei wurde Kaurigeld als Handelwährung zum Kauf kleinerer Gegenstände verwendet. |
For one of these, in March 1998, she was arrested and jailed for seventy days for spreading hatred and attending an "anti-revolutionary" political gathering. | Untuk salah satu di antaranya, pada Maret 1998, ia ditangkap dan dipenjara selama tujuh puluh hari karena menyebarkan kebencian dan menghadiri pertemuan politik "anti-revolusioner". |
She reassures the people that her impending marriage to Don Carlos, Infante and son of Philip II, King of Spain, will bring the war to an end, and departs. | Ujišťuje poddané, že její chystaný sňatek s Donem Carlosem, španělským infantem a synem krále Filipa II., učiní konec válce; posléze odjíždí. |
This does not concern you at all. | Вас это вообще не касается. |
For over 600 years, Narita-san remained a remote, humble, provincial temple—until Tokugawa Ieyasu moved his capital to Edo in 1603. | Pendant plus de 600 ans, Narita-san est resté un humble temple provincial isolé jusqu'à ce que Tokugawa Ieyasu déplace sa capitale à Edo en 1603. |
Cable modem termination system | CMTS |
His Reverie in 1868 unmistakably resembles one of the pictures taken, but also be seen similarities with other portraits not only of Morris but also with later portraits Rossetti made of Alexa Wilding. | Zijn 'Reverie' uit 1868 lijkt onmiskenbaar op een van de genomen foto's, maar ook met andere portretten worden gelijkenissen gezien, niet alleen van Morris maar bijvoorbeeld ook met latere portretten die Rossetti maakte van Alexa Wilding. |
The Standing 's day gecko ( Phelsuma standingi Methuen & Hewitt , 1913 ) is a type of gecko . | The Standing 's day gecko ( Phelsuma standingi ) is an arboreal and diurnal species of gecko , native to southwest Madagascar . It is the largest living species of day gecko . |
I want to start my own advice column? | I think that would be very cool! I have always wanted to write my own column too but not an advice one. It would be about all different topics, like the soup of the day kinda thing, whatever is happening at the time. It would be a jumble of rantings, opinions and facts. \nI say go for it, if thats what you want, do it! Make it happen! Good Luck! :) |
distribution is a discrete probability distribution that applies to the number of occurrences? | A discrete probability distribution that applies to occurrences of some event over a specified interval, where the random variable x is the number of occurrences of the event in an interval, is recognized as Binomial Distribution. |
Is it true Tom is going to Boston? | トムがボストンに行くって本当なの？ |
As a result, gold miners eventually reached the area in the 1870s-1890s, searching for resources and rich land. | Como resultado, los mineros de oro finalmente llegaron al área en la década de 1870 a 1890, en busca de recursos y tierras ricas. |
A man with a backpack and large American flag, stands atop skis on a snowy mountain slope. | A man on skis poses with his American flag on a snow covered mountain side. |
The angle of attack had then reached 40 degrees, and the aircraft had descended to 35,000 feet (11,000 m) with the engines running at almost 100% N1 (the rotational speed of the front intake fan, which delivers most of a turbofan engine's thrust). | El ángulo de ataque era de 40 grados, y la aeronave había descendido a 35,000 pies con los motores funcionando casi al 100% N1 (la velocidad de giro del fan frontal de aspiración, que provee la mayoría del empuje de un motor turbofan). |
The new administrative system of the themes, or military provinces created by the Byzantine Empire, contributed to the eventual rise of feudalism in Albania, as peasant soldiers who served military lords became serfs on their landed estates. | El nuevo sistema de administración de los temas, o provincias militares creadas por el Imperio Bizantino, contribuyó a la eventual subida del feudalismo en Albania, como soldados campesinos que sirvieron señores militares se convirtieron en siervos en sus tierras de los terratenientes. |
is grpc a web service? | gRPC can use protocol buffer for data serialization. This makes payloads faster, smaller and simpler. Just like REST, gRPC can be used cross-language which means that if you have written a web service in Golang, a Java written application can still use that web service, which makes gRPC web services very scalable. |
Nocturne No 12 in E minor, Op 107 (1915) With the twelfth nocturne Fauré returned to the scale and complexity of his middle-period works, but both melodically and harmonically it is much harder to comprehend. | Nocturno nº 12 en mi menor, Op. 107 (1915) Co duodécimo nocturno, Fauré volve á escala e complexidade das súas obras do período intermedio, mais é máis difícil de comprender melódica e harmonicamente. |
Ernst Freud established his practice in Berlin in 1920 where a large number of his clients were doctors. | Ернст Фройд установява своята практика в Берлин през 1920 г., където голяма част от клиентите му са лекари. |
President Barack Obama said Monday that the United States has asked Iran to return a US drone aircraft that Iran claims it recently brought down in Iranian territory. | Obama says US has asked Iran to return drone aircraft |
Emily Jane Pfeiffer | إميلي جين فايفر |
After looking at the proposal and the budget, studio head Harold Ryan gave the go-ahead. | Après examen du projet et du budget, le directeur du studio Harold Ryan donna le feu vert. |
During the lawn's season, it is open on most days, closing only for regular maintenance, to drain after a heavy rain, or to recover after high-impact events. | O gramado fica aberto na maioria dos dias, fechando apenas para uma manutenção regular, para drenagem após uma forte chuva ou para se recuperar após eventos de alto impacto. |
Although Sparta finally dispatched a fleet in the summer of 427 BC, it advanced with such caution and so many delays that it arrived in the vicinity of Lesbos only in time to receive news of Mytilene's surrender. | Toen Sparta eindelijk een vloot had verzameld in 427 v.Chr. vertrok het zo voorzichtig en met zoveel vertraging dat deze maar op Lesbos aankwam toen Mytilene zich al had overgegeven. |
Japonia shigetai | モジャモジャヤマトガイ |
Cold and wet conditions occurred two generations after collapse in 800BC .
Experts from Universities in Britain and Ireland think social and economic pressures were primarily to blame - but harsh weather made it worse .
When iron production took over, bronze trading networks failed .
This caused widespread conflict and social collapse, the experts said . | Until now, researchers blamed the collapse of the Bronze Age on widespread changes in global temperatures. But now experts believe the huge population collapse, that took place in around 800BC, actually occurred two generations before this weather shift. Records show that colder and wetter weather conditions weren't recorded until after the collapse - and social and economic pressures were more likely to blame. Historians will have to find alternative explanations for the huge population collapse in around 800BC, because climate records show that colder and wetter weather conditions didn’t occur until two generations afterward. A stock image of snow covered Wicklow mountains near Dublin is shown . Archaeologists and environmental scientists from the University of Bradford, University of Leeds, University College Cork and Queen’s University Belfast have shown that the changes in climate that scientists believed to coincide with the population fall, in fact occurred at least two generations later. Their results, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, show that human activity started to decline after 900BC, and fell rapidly after 800BC, indicating a population collapse. However, climate records reveal that icy conditions didn’t occur until around 750BC. Fluctuations in levels of human activity at a given time are reflected by the numbers of radiocarbon dates for a certain period. The team used statistical techniques to analyse more than 2,000 radiocarbon dates, which they took from hundreds of archaeological sites in Ireland. From this, they were able to pinpoint the precise dates Europe’s Bronze Age population collapsed. Experts from Universities in Britain and Ireland think social and economic pressures were primarily to blame for the population collapse, because when iron production took over, bronze trading networks failed. This caused widespread conflict and social collapse. A Bronze Age spear head is pictured . It has long been thought that climate change led to a dramatic decline in Bronze Age populations in 800BC. But records show that colder and wetter weather conditions didn’t occur until two generations afterwards. Experts believe that social and economic stress is more likely to be the cause of the sudden and widespread fall in numbers. Communities producing bronze needed to trade over very large distances to obtain copper and tin and control of these networks enabled the growth of complex societies dominated by a warrior elite. As iron production took over, these networks collapsed, leading to widespread conflict and social collapse. The researchers then analysed climate records from peat bogs in Ireland, and compared the archaeological data to these records to see if the dates tallied. This information was compared with evidence of climate change across Europe between 1,200BC and 500BC. Lead author Ian Armit, Professor of Archaeology at Bradford University, said: ‘Our evidence shows definitively that the population decline in this period cannot have been caused by climate change.’ Dr Graeme Swindles, Associate Professor of Earth System Dynamics at Leeds University, added: ‘We found clear evidence for a rapid change in climate to much wetter conditions, which we were able to precisely pinpoint to 750BC using statistical methods.’ Professor Armit said social and economic stress is more likely to be the cause of the sudden and widespread fall in numbers. Communities producing bronze needed to trade over very large distances to obtain copper and tin, and control of these networks enabled the growth of complex societies dominated by a warrior elite. As iron production took over, these networks collapsed, leading to widespread conflict and social collapse. The team used new statistical techniques to analyse more than 2,000 radiocarbon dates, taken from hundreds of archaeological sites in Ireland, to pinpoint the precise dates that Europe’s Bronze Age population collapsed. Dunbeg Fort in Munster (pictured) is thought to date to the Bronze Age . Katharina Becker, Lecturer in the Department of Archaeology at University College Cork, explained that the Late Bronze Age is usually seen as a time of plenty, in contrast to an impoverished Early Iron Age. ‘Our results show that the rich Bronze Age artefact record does not provide the full picture and that crisis began earlier than previously thought.’ Professor Armit conceded: ‘Although climate change was not directly responsible for the collapse it is likely that the poor climatic conditions would have affected farming. ‘This would have been particularly difficult for vulnerable communities, preventing population recovery for several centuries.’ He said that in examining the past, humans are inclined to link evidence of climate change with evidence of population change. ‘Actually, if you have high quality data and apply modern analytical techniques, you get a much clearer picture and start to see the real complexity of human/environment relationships in the past.’ |
Subsets and Splits
No saved queries yet
Save your SQL queries to embed, download, and access them later. Queries will appear here once saved.