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Philip Llewellin Philip "Phil" Llewellin (23 October 1940 – 1 July 2005) was a British journalist and writer. Born in Oswestry, Shropshire, he was educated at Oswestry School and Wycliffe College, Gloucestershire. After a brief career in insurance, he started in journalism on the Oswestry and Border Counties Advertizer, and later moved to the Shrewsbury Chronicle. In 1969 he became a freelance writer and one of his first commissions was an article on the musician and actor Tommy Steele for The Observer magazine. His work was eclectic and in the 1970s he contributed to a series of travel guidebooks which built upon his wide-ranging knowledge of the UK and made good use of his love of Wales. But in time his work focussed increasingly on his passion for cars and motoring. From the late 1960s until his death he worked for a large number of publications in the UK and abroad, including The Observer, Car Magazine, the Daily Telegraph, Truck magazine, The Independent, Car & Driver, and Automobile Magazine. Although, superficially, most of his writing was about cars it often also touched on aspects of military history, travel and engineering (he was an admirer of Isambard Kingdom Brunel and Thomas Telford). His writing was also noted for its humour. A collection of his writing, The Road to Muckle Flugga, was published in 2004. In his foreword, Jeremy Clarkson, the journalist and former presenter of BBC Television's Top Gear, wrote "Phil realized that cars were dull. It was what you did with them that mattered." He was a long-standing member of the Guild of Motoring Writers which has set up an annual Student of the Year award in his memory. Phil was also a member of the Midland Group of Motoring Writers, which has established an annual award in his memory. It asks young writers, aged between 10 and 16, to imagine a journey and the car they would make it in. The prize is £1,000 worth of travel vouchers, a visit to the Aston Martin factory at Gaydon (and passenger ride in one of the cars) and a week's loan of a new Audi to the winner's parents. He died of a heart attack in 2005 whilst on holiday in Croatia. In a reader's obituary published in The Guardian , Frank Page (motoring journalist), described Phil Llewellin as "one of the best motoring writers, if not the best, of the past four decades." References Category:1940 births Category:2005 deaths Category:People educated at Oswestry School Category:People from Oswestry Category:British motoring journalists

Kidd Kidd Curtis Stewart (born November 26, 1986), better known by his stage name Kidd Kidd (formerly known as Nutt Da Kidd), is an American rapper from New Orleans, Louisiana. He was one of the first members of Lil Wayne's label imprint, Young Money Entertainment, as a part of Southern hip hop group Sqad Up. In 2011, Kidd Kidd signed a record deal with 50 Cent's label imprint G-Unit Records and subsequently in 2014, he joined the newly reformed East Coast hip hop group, G-Unit. In 2015, he was chosen as part of XXL Magazine's annual Freshman Class. Career Kidd Kidd was discovered by American hip hop recording artist Lil Wayne, while rapping on a street corner in New Orleans. Kidd Kidd went on to sign a recording contract with Wayne's record label imprint, Young Money Entertainment. He joined the label as a member of Southern hip hop group Squad Up, alongside fellow New Orleans-based rappers, Gudda Gudda and T-Streets. The group would ultimately disband and leave Young Money in 2004, due to disputes between members. Kidd Kidd would later rejoin the label and make an appearance on Lil Wayne's 2008 hit single "Mrs. Officer", however after not appearing in the video, Kidd Kidd severed ties with Wayne once again. In June 2011, two weeks after meeting New York City-based rapper 50 Cent, Kidd Kidd was shot six times. In July 2011, it was announced Kidd Kidd secured a recording contract with 50 Cent's G-Unit Records. 50 Cent empathized with Kidd Kidd's situation, reminiscent to his own shooting in 2000, and instead of walking away much like Columbia Records did to him, 50 Cent chose to help Kidd Kidd. He has gone on to appear on numerous 50 Cent's projects, such as The Big 10 (2011), The Lost Tape (2012) and 5 (Murder by Numbers) (2012). After being prominently featured on 50 Cent's fifth album Animal Ambition, which was released in June 2014, Kidd Kidd was added to the East Coast hip hop group named G-Unit. On April 11, 2018, Kidd Kidd announced that he had left G-Unit Records to focus on his own label RLLNR Entertainment Personal life On June 12, 2011, Kidd Kidd was attacked and shot six times while sitting in a vehicle, outside his mothers home in New Orleans. Two masked men ambushed the car he was sitting in, firing 36 shots into the vehicle. In June 2019 he married Shayla from Ocala,Florida Discography Extended plays Mixtapes Singles As a lead artist As a featured artist Guest appearances References External links Category:Living people Category:American shooting survivors Category:African-American male rappers Category:G-Unit Records artists Category:Rappers from New Orleans Category:Southern hip hop musicians Category:Gangsta rappers Category:G-Unit members Category:1983 births Category:21st-century American rappers

John Minto John Minto (born ) is a New Zealand-based political activist known for his involvement in various left-wing groups and causes, most notably Halt All Racist Tours. A 2005 documentary on New Zealand's Top 100 History Makers listed him as number 89. Today he is involved with the protest group Global Peace and Justice Auckland and the Unite Union. He also wrote a weekly column for The Press and was formerly editor of the (now defunct) Workers' Charter newspaper. Minto is a long time member of the Post Primary Teachers Association (PPTA) and also a National Vice Chairperson of QPEC, Quality Public Education Coalition (Inc) and co-vice-president of the Mana Movement. Halt All Racist Tours Trevor Richards, Tom Newnham and others formed Halt All Racist Tours to protest against rugby union tours to and from Apartheid South Africa, in 1969. Minto became the National Chairman of the organisation in 1980. He was assaulted by rugby supporters the evening after a disruptive protest at Rugby Park in Hamilton. This prompted him to add a protective helmet to his distinctive outfit of overalls. He remained at the forefront of the protests. The New Zealand Security Intelligence Service (SIS) listed Minto in 1981 on a list of 'subversives' for the events of that year. In 2005 a police baton owned by Ross Meurant, a former member of Parliament who was second in charge of the "Red Squad" during the 1981 Springbok Tour was put up for auction online labelled as a "Minto Bar", a "joke" based on the co-incidence of names between John Minto and Minties, the brand name of a popular mint-flavoured sweet. In 2009 John Minto's helmet appeared in an episode of Tales from Te Papa a television series of mini-documentaries about objects from the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Companion of OR Tambo Award During January 2008 Minto publicly "rejected" a nomination for the South African Companion of OR Tambo Award, saying he was dismayed over current conditions in the country. However, the Presidency of South Africa later stated that Minto had not been nominated for any national award. Global peace and justice protests in Auckland In January 2009 Minto led a protest to the Auckland Tennis Stadium, where they demanded that Israeli player Shahar Pe'er, who served a compulsory two-years service in the Israel Defense Forces, withdraw from the tournament and denounce the Israeli Government and its actions in the 2008-2009 Israel-Gaza conflict, adding that she should respect international calls for a boycott against Israel. Pe'er ignored the group's demands and participated in the tournament as planned, stating at a press conference that "I think [the politics] is nothing to do with what I am doing". Maurice Williamson, a member of parliament, rebuffed the protesters at the event, stating that Pe'er was not representing Israel and was playing as a private individual, and that thus the protesters should "leave her alone". A similar protest occurred at the January 2010 event, where Shahar Pe'er again competed. On the third day of protest (7 January 2010) John Minto was one of five protesters arrested outside the ASB Tennis Centre in Auckland on a charge of disorderly behaviour. He was later issued with a 500-metre trespass-order to prevent him from continuing disruption of the play inside the tennis centre. Mayoralty bids In April 2013, Minto announced his intention to run for the mayoralty of Auckland on the Mana Movement ticket. Minto has several candidates that are running for Councillor on the Minto for Mayor ticket. In July 2016, Minto announced he will run in the 2016 Christchurch mayoral election as a candidate for The Keep Our Assets group. Internet Mana Minto stood in the 2014 elections as a candidate for the Internet Mana party, Minto is ranked 4th on the party list. Personal life Since 2014, Minto has lived in the Christchurch suburb of Waltham, New Zealand. The sculptor, Llew Summers, was his brother-in-law. See also Halt All Racist Tours 1981 Springbok Tour References Category:Living people Category:New Zealand activists Category:New Zealand left-wing activists Category:1950s births Category:International opponents of apartheid in South Africa Category:Mana Movement politicians Category:Unsuccessful candidates in the 2011 New Zealand general election Category:Unsuccessful candidates in the 2014 New Zealand general election

List of Billboard Easy Listening number ones of 1977 Adult Contemporary is a chart published by Billboard ranking the top-performing songs in the United States in the adult contemporary music (AC) genre. In 1977, 20 songs topped the chart, then published under the title Easy Listening, based on playlists submitted by radio stations. The three longest-running chart-toppers of the year were all taken from film soundtracks. Carly Simon had the year's longest run in the top spot, spending seven weeks at number one with "Nobody Does It Better", the theme song from the James Bond film The Spy Who Loved Me. Both "How Deep Is Your Love" by the Bee Gees, from the soundtrack to Saturday Night Fever, and "Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)" by Barbra Streisand spent six weeks atop the chart. Streisand's other number one of 1977, "My Heart Belongs to Me", had also been written for the film A Star Is Born but was ultimately not used, and was instead included on her album Superman. Debby Boone's November number one "You Light Up My Life" was a recording of a song from the film of the same name, released in the same year. Although the song was sung in the film by Kasey Cisyk, Boone was brought in to record a new vocal over the existing instrumental backing track and this was the version that became a hit. The song spent a record-breaking ten weeks at number one on Billboards all-genres chart, the Hot 100, but only spent a single week atop the Easy Listening chart. In addition to "You Light Up My Life", several of 1977's other Easy Listening number ones had sufficient crossover success to also top Billboards all-genres chart, the Hot 100, including songs by Mary McGregor, Leo Sayer, David Soul, Barbra Streisand, Barry Manilow and the Bee Gees. "Southern Nights" by Glen Campbell was a triple chart-topper, as in addition to topping both the Easy Listening chart and the Hot 100, it also reached the top spot on the Hot Country Songs listing. Barbra Streisand's total of ten weeks at number one on the Easy Listening listing was the most for any artist in 1977. She was one of only three artists with more than one chart-topper during the year, the others being Glen Campbell, who spent four non-consecutive weeks in the top spot with "Southern Nights" and one week with "Sunflower", and Barry Manilow, who topped the listing for a single week with "Weekend in New England" and a further three with "Looks Like We Made It". The year ended with "How Deep Is Your Love" by the Bee Gees holding the top spot. Chart history References See also 1977 in music List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. Adult Contemporary chart 1977 Category:1977 record charts

Housing at the University of Georgia Housing at the University of Georgia is managed by the Department of University Housing. On campus housing for undergraduate students is divided into seven communities, and for graduate students into three communities. Undergraduate housing Traditional halls Brumby, Russell, and Creswell halls are collectively known as the "freshman high-rises" due to their similarities in design and function. All three are located just off Baxter Street on West Campus. These are the biggest residence halls on campus and each one of them houses about 1,000 freshmen. Brumby Community Brumby Community is a formerly all-female residence hall constructed in 1966. It is nine stories tall and houses approximately 935 students. Rooms are double-occupancy with shared bathrooms, and the community is divided into four colonies: Darien, Newport, Sunbury, and Wentworth. The Brumby Community, which includes Brumby Hall, is one of three high rise residential communities located on Baxter Street and designated solely to first-year students. Beginning fall 2013 Brumby Hall will be coed with each floor designated as male or female. The Brumby Community is home to several academic and leadership initiatives. Students of the Franklin College of Arts and Sciences are able to complete academic advising through the Franklin College in the Residence Halls program with one of two advisers assigned to this residence hall, and short courses and seminars are regularly scheduled for the Brumby conference rooms. Brumby Hall's famous rotunda is the site of many events and activities. This residence hall is also home to a satellite office of the Division of Academic Enhancement, which provides tutoring and other academic support services to residents. Creswell Community Creswell Community consists of a nine-story residence hall housing approximately 965 students and is divided into four colonies: Frederica, Gordon, Goshen, and Ogeechee. It has double-occupancy rooms with common bathrooms. The Creswell Community, which includes Creswell Hall, is one of three high-rise residential communities located on Baxter Street and designated solely to first-year students. Creswell is a coeducational residential community for first-year students. Named after Mary Ethel Creswell, the first woman to receive a degree from the University of Georgia, Creswell Community is home to male and female first-year students. Creswell residents also live near the Bolton Dining Commons. In the fall of 2014, a new Bolton dining hall opened at intersection of Baxter and Lumpkin streets. At two stories and 55,000 square feet, the new dining hall will be 20,000 square feet larger than Bolton. The new Bolton can seat over 1000 patrons. The first floor contains with approximately 350 seats on the first floor and around 650 seats on the second floor. Russell Community The Russell Community, which includes Russell Hall, is one of three high-rise residential communities located on Baxter Street designated solely to first-year students. Russell is a coeducational residential community. Russell Community consists of a ten-story residence hall housing approximately 975 students and is divided into four communities: Augusta, Halifax, Stewart, and Savannah. Prior to the openings of East Campus Village Community, and Building 1516 within Reed Community, it was UGA's newest residence hall despite having opened in the 1960s. Russell Hall closed for the 2017-2018 academic year to undergo a $44,500,000 renovation and is expected to reopen for the 2018-2019 fall semester. Other traditional halls Other than the freshman high-rises, UGA residence halls are located in groups known as communities. Each community is composed of four to six residence halls. Hill Community Hill Community is made of six residence halls: Boggs (named after former UGA president William Ellison Boggs, Church (named after former UGA president Alonzo S. Church, Hill (named after former UGA president Walter Barnard Hill), Lipscomb (named after Mary Ann Lipscomb), and Mell (named after former UGA president Patrick Hues Mell) halls, and Oglethorpe House (named after the founder of the colony of Georgia, James Oglethorpe). Hill Community is on West Campus, between the freshman high-rises and Bolton Dining Commons to the west, and the main part of the UGA campus to the east. Boggs, Church, Hill, Lipscomb and Mell Halls, collectively known as the "lower five", were built in the 1960s and are all four stories, collectively approximately 800 students. Hill Hall houses the University's freshman all-girl dorm, with the other buildings of Hill Community being co-ed. The Oglethorpe House, nicknamed "O-House" is nine stories tall and houses residents in suites of two bedrooms and a bathroom. The "O-House" nickname is also applied to the neighboring Oglethorpe Dining Commons despite the lack of "House" in the official name of the dining hall. Myers Community Myers Community consists of four residence halls: Mary Lyndon (named after Mary Dorothy Lyndon), Myers, Rutherford (named after Mildred Lewis Rutherford), and Soule halls. The Myers Community is located on South Campus. The Myers Quad is the space within the four halls of the community, bound by Myers Hall to the west, Mary Lyndon to the south, Soule to the east (across Sanford Drive), and Rutherford to the north. Soule Hall is all-female, while the other halls are co-educational. Myers Hall is the primary hall for the Honors Program at UGA. Rutherford Hall contains Franklin Residential College. Collectively, Myers Community houses approximately 850 students. During home football games, the Myers Quad is often used as a central tailgating location. Although the University of Georgia encourages good tailgating practices, tailgaters are often found leaving the Myers Quad as a mess, disrespecting the property. Tailgating at the University of Georgia, and on the Myers Quad has become like a ritual. Tailgaters often setup close to the dormitories found in the Myers Community. The noise and actions from the tailgaters is often bothersome to the highly academic students who reside in the Myers Community. This community is also just a short walk to Sanford Stadium, the Tate Student Center, and the Coliseum. Reed Community Reed Community consists of four residence halls: Morris, Payne, and Reed halls, and building 1516. Unique among UGA's residence hall communities, the halls are not in a single contiguous area. Reed and Payne Halls form the main part of Reed Community, and are located immediately north of Sanford Stadium close to Memorial Hall, Tate Student Center and the Zell B. Miller Learning Center(MLC). Morris Hall is located on Lumpkin Street near Baxter Street and building 1516 is located adjacent to the East Campus Village. Building 1516, opened fall semester 2010, is one of UGA's newest residence hall. During the summer of 2009, construction began on building 1516 near East Campus Village. The building opened on Monday, Aug. 9, 2010, to more than 550 upperclassmen. The hall has six floors with approximately 550 beds, apartment space, lobby areas, faculty office space and facility shop areas. The structure is a post tension concrete frame with a structural steel framing system for theattic/roof level. East Campus Village The East Campus Village (ECV) is made up of four residence halls and collectively houses approximately 1,200 students. It is UGA's newer residential community, having opened in 2004. Residents live in apartments and buildings are co-educational. ECV serves mainly upperclassmen, and is also the designated community for varsity student athletes. The residence halls of ECV are McWhorter, Rooker, and Vandiver halls, and building 1512. When ECV opened, most of its buildings were only numbered and not named. Building 1512 was named "Busbee Hall" in 2013 in honor of former governor George Busbee; the other building numbers are 1513 - Rooker, 1514 - Vandiver, and 1515 - McWhorter. The name McWhorter Hall, prior to ECV's opening, referred to a former residence hall on South Campus, on DW Brooks Drive across from the Driftmier Engineering Center. This residence hall was an all-male dorm housing varsity athletes. The NCAA no longer allows dormitories/residence halls that are exclusive to athletes. This building has since been demolished. East Campus Village residence halls are completely coeducational, with male and female apartments found throughout all buildings. Residents have the option of paying for cleaning service and have University Housing clean their bathrooms for them. East Campus Village is located near two parking decks, the Ramsey Student Physical Activities Center, the University Health Center, the Performing and Visual Arts Complex and the dining facility and shops of the new East Village Commons. Three of the halls in East Campus Village are rented to students on an 11-1/2 month basis, and one hall is on an academic year basis. University Village Nearly undergraduate, graduate and students with families live in one and two-bedroom apartments in one of three on-campus apartment complexes within University Village: University Village, Rogers Road and Brandon Oaks. These three communities are located just south of the main part of South Campus and are accessible from East Campus Road. Health Sciences Campus The University of Georgia's Health Sciences Campus, located on Prince Avenue in Athens, is a 56-acre campus that was the former site of the U.S. Navy Supply Corps School, which moved to Rhode Island in 2011 as part of the U.S. Department of Defense Base Realignment and Closure process. UGA's use of the property continues the 120-year history of education on the Navy School site. In 1891, the Georgia State Normal School was incorporated on the property, and in 1932, the school became the Coordinate College of the university for women. In 1953, the Navy acquired the site for use as the Supply Corps School. Currently, students from the Georgia Health Sciences University/University of Georgia Medical Partnership, graduate students from the College of Public Health and visiting scholars reside on the Health Sciences Campus. Beginning in fall 2013, undergraduate students will have the opportunity to live on the Health Sciences Campus in Brown Hall. The Health Sciences Campus is located in Athens on Prince Avenue and Oglethorpe Avenue near Athens Regional Medical Center and the Normaltown area. The campus is served by university and city bus routes as well as UGA Campus Transit. References Category:University of Georgia campus Category:University and college dormitories in the United States

Marston Magna Marston Magna (also known as Broad or Great Marston) is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated north of Yeovil in the South Somerset district. The village has a population of 523. History The name Marston Magna means larger settlement by a marsh. It was held as nine separate estates before the Norman Conquest. The parish was part of the hundred of Horethorne. The site of the medieval manor house survives as a moat and fish ponds south of the village. In the early 18th century the estate was held by Sir John St Barbe, 1st Baronet (d.1723) and was passed on through the families of Ashington and Sydenham of Combe, Dulverton, Somerset. Governance The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council’s operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council. The village falls within the Non-metropolitan district of South Somerset, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Yeovil Rural District. The district council is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism. Marston Magna is part of the electoral ward of Camelot. Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning. It is also part of the Somerton and Frome county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Landmarks The manor house on Church Green dates from 1613. Religious sites The Church of St Mary can date its origins to before the Norman Conquest, however the present building largely dates from around 1360, with further rebuilding in the 15th century. It has been designated as a grade I listed building. The church was held by Polsloe Priory, near Exeter from the 12th century until the dissolution of the monasteries. The Village in Fiction In the 1992 novel The English Patient, Marston Magna features as the home of the character Madox. In the novel, Madox travels by bus to the nearby town of Yeovil and commits suicide in an unnamed church there. In the film of the book, the character is referred to in Anthony Minghella's screenplay as coming from the county of Dorset. References External links Category:Villages in South Somerset Category:Civil parishes in Somerset

Anti-Asian racism in France Anti-Asian Racism in France refers to discrimination faced by individuals of Asian descent in France. General Anti-Asian racism often consists of beliefs about people of Asian origin, often presented in a positive manner, which contain hidden undertones of a negative nature (examples: "They are cautious because they integrate without fuss "versus" They are discreet because they are allies, They do well (positive) "versus" They are (negative) ", etc.). According to Daniel Tran, of the Chinese Association of France, interviewed by France TV Info, in January 2018: "There are many clichés circulating on Asian people, clichés specific to men and specific to women. The woman rather "nice, sweet and docile", who must say "yes" to everything. The man, also this cliché of "nice". There was an assault in August 2016 of a Chinese designer in Aubervilliers called Zhang Chaolin. Three attackers tried to steal his money. Unfortunately, he surrendered to his injuries. [...] It is a racism that is seen as less serious because it is trivialized since it has not been accused enough. Gregory B. Lee of the Transtextual and Transcultural Studies Institute, speaking at a conference in Valencia at the Armenian Heritage Center in 2013, notes a deep ignorance of Asia and a social imaginary built from a few biased and stereotypical images (confusion between different Asian countries, "dog and cat eaters" and "invaders" about Chinese, etc.). Mai Lam Nguyen-Conan, declares in January 2017 that anti-Asian racism "is finally quite close to anti-Semitism. The idea that spread "everywhere", while their logic is ultimately that of economic autonomy ". Regarding aggression, "Only a very few complaints have been made to the court, because there is a lack of knowledge about French law, the language barrier and a form of fatalism," says Mathilde Pinson. The victims accept these attacks, saying that the authorities have better things to do. History First mobilizations A Representative Council of Asian Associations of France is created in 2011. After the death of Zhang Chaolin, a 49-year-old Chinese designer assaulted in August 2016 by three men, nearly 2,000 people of Chinese origin gathered in August 2016 in Aubervilliers to protest and their voices were also heard on Social network. Incidences of anti-Asian acts In June 2013, six Chinese students were assaulted in Hostens, Gironde. Anti-Chinese racist insults are uttered. April 21, 2015 the spokesperson of the representative Council of Asian associations of France, alert the media on "the outbreak of violence to which Asians are the target". According to him, Asians are particularly targeted "because they say they have money on them". In 2016 The Chinese community of Aubervilliers is the victim of a large number of attacks. After further attacks, a protest was organized. From November 2015 to August 2016, more than one hundred violent attacks were recorded in Aubervilliers. On August 13, 2016, Chaolin Zhang died as a result of an assault. On August 21, 2016, a protest was organized by the Chinese community. On 29 September 2016, three young people were assaulted and an attacker was released. This was the first time that an attacker was recognized by the Asian community. At the end of May 2019, the Territorial Security Brigade of Vitry-sur-Seine calls for a witness to find the victims of a group of young perpetrators of theft with violence, who targeted mainly people from Asia. See also Racism in France Human trafficking in France Commission nationale consultative des droits de l'homme International League against Racism and Anti-Semitism Human Rights League (France) References Category:Human rights in France Category:Racism in France Category:Racism

Alex James (musician) Steven Alexander James, FRSA (born 21 November 1968) is an English musician and songwriter, as well as a journalist and cheesemaker. Best known as the bassist of the band Blur, he has also played with temporary bands Fat Les, Me Me Me, WigWam and Bad Lieutenant. Biography James was born in Boscombe, Bournemouth and attended the state grammar school Bournemouth School, where he started playing in bands. In 1988, James met future bandmate Graham Coxon at Goldsmiths College, where James studied French. Introductions with Coxon's old school friend Damon Albarn and Dave Rowntree soon took place; at the time Albarn and Rowntree were part of a band called Circus. In 1989, James joined Coxon, Albarn and Rowntree's new band, Seymour, which would later be renamed Blur. While he has been in the band ever since, he now describes the experience as "a past-life". Despite this, Blur got together with returning bandmate Graham Coxon to perform at Glastonbury Festival, Hyde Park, Oxegen and T in the Park during the summer of 2009. They also played shows at Goldsmiths College, Essex Museum and other venues around the UK and mainland Europe. Blur headlined a show at Hyde Park for the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony. In 2013, the band performed at the Rock Werchter in Belgium, the Spanish and Portuguese dates of the Primavera Sound festival, and the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in the United States. Musical collaborations Unlike Albarn and Coxon, James has not released any solo material, although he has been involved in other collaborative side projects. In 1998, James formed Fat Les with actor Keith Allen and artist Damien Hirst, releasing (excluding three others) the unofficial theme song "Vindaloo" for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, which reached number 2 in the UK Singles Chart. He also worked on side project Me Me Me with Stephen Duffy, co-wrote songs for Marianne Faithfull (appearing in drag playing a double bass in the music video for her single "Sex With Strangers") and Jane McDonald, and worked with Florence and the Machine and Gene Loves Jezebel. James worked with Sophie Ellis-Bextor on her solo debut Read My Lips, co-writing and co-producing "Move This Mountain", and co-producing "I Believe" with Ellis-Bextor and producer Ben Hillier. He also played bass on both tracks. Ellis-Bextor's 2003 album, Shoot from the Hip also featured James as bass player and co-writer on the track "Love Is It Love". He also joined his friend and singer-songwriter Betty Boo in a band called WigWam in 2005. In 2009, James appeared as bass player on debut Bad Lieutenant record Never Cry Another Tear. The band consists of New Order lead singer Bernard Sumner and guitarist Phil Cunningham, along with Jake Evans of Rambo And Leroy. In 2013, James co-wrote the song "Did I Lose You?", performed by Giorgia and Olly Murs. Writing Alex James is a food writer for The Sun and has a weekly column, 'Alex James on All Things Food'; as well as a regular column on farm and family life in The Sunday Telegraph titled 'Mucking In'. He also writes a monthly column on cheese for Esquire Magazine. Alex contributes to a number of other British newspapers including The Independent, The Observer, The Times, and The Sunday Times, as well as Q magazine, The Spectator and The Idler. An autobiography of James's experience with Blur, Bit of a Blur, was released in June 2007 by Little, Brown & Company. It has since been described as "the definitive guide to Britpop". James published a follow-up entitled 'All Cheeses Great and Small: A Life Less Blurry' in September 2011, charting his transformation from rock star to cheesemaker as he moves to a farm in Oxfordshire. Television appearances In 2001, James and Graham Coxon appeared in the Channel 4 Pixies documentary "Gouge". James represented The Idler on BBC Two's University Challenge: The Professionals in 2005 with John Moore of Black Box Recorder. They secured a heavy win over the Financial Times in their heat, but did not score highly enough to return for the tournament's later stages. In 2007, James was a judge on the Channel 4 show Mobile Acts Unsigned and, in November 2007, appeared as a panelist on the BBC One satirical news quiz, Have I Got News for You. In August 2008, James appeared in reality TV series, Maestro on BBC Two. He was voted out in the fourth episode of the series. In September 2008, a documentary television series, Cocaine Diaries: Alex James in Colombia, premiered on BBC America, in conjunction with the BBC America Reveals program. As the documentary progresses, James – who admits to having used cocaine extensively during Blur's Britpop heyday – learns about Colombia's violent drug export trade. In October 2009, James presented an episode of Never Mind the Buzzcocks and, in January 2010, he participated in the ITV1 reality television programme Popstar to Operastar. On 4 March 2012, James appeared on Top Gear as a guest for their 'star in a reasonably priced car' segment, clocking in at 1:45.2. On 3 December 2011, he appeared on The Chase with Sara Cox, Ann Widdecombe and Eamonn Holmes against chaser Anne Hegerty, but he was caught by the chaser. On 16 March 2012, James appeared on The Bank Job and made the final, where he was beaten by Rachel Riley. He is also the first Bank Job contestant to find two "bankrupts" in a single game. James has been a participant in BBC One programme 10 Things You Need to Know About Losing Weight. On 26 December 2014, he appeared as one of the celebrity homeowners on Through the Keyhole with Keith Lemon. In August 2015, he won the Channel 4 programme [Celebrity Fifteen to One]. A 2016 documentary titled Alex James: Slowing Down Fast Fashion examined the fashion industry and how "consumers' seemingly unquenchable thirst for cheap clothing is having a huge effect on the environment and workers, both at home here in the UK and abroad". Radio In 2007, James presented the BBC Radio 4 programme On Your Farm. He presents Alex James's Date Night on Classic FM every Saturday at 7-10pm. James presented The A-Z of Classic FM Music. The show was named Commercial Radio Programme of the Year at the Arqiva Commercial Radio Awards on 5 June 2009. He has also contributed to the show's accompanying memorabilia, writing the foreword to both the book and CD box set, published by Reader's Digest in 2010. Cheesemaking Artisan cheeses James has become notable for his production of cheese. After his runaway success with Blur, he moved to the Cotswolds, purchasing a farmhouse and renovating it into a burgeoning cheese farm. The 200-acre cheese farm in Kingham, Oxfordshire, now produces award-winning cheeses including 'Alex James Presents' – a range of British artisan cheeses – 'Good Queen Maude', 'Blue Monday', 'Little Wallop', 'Farleigh Wallop', and most recently 'Goddess'. All are distinct in their flavour: "Blue Monday" (named after his favourite New Order song) is a creamy Shropshire Blue, sharp with a very faint sourness; "Little Wallop" is a soft goats’ milk cheese, washed in Somerset cider brandy and wrapped in vine leaves; and "Farleigh Wallop" is a goats cheese made with sprigs of thyme. The latter was voted Best Goats' Cheese at the 2008 British Cheese Awards, where James himself was a judge in 2010. Everyday cheeses James' range of everyday cheeses hit the shelves of Asda in 2011. The flavour combinations include 'cheddar and tomato ketchup', 'cheddar and salad cream', and 'cheddar and tikka masala'. Tim Chester, writing in The Guardian, accused James of 'releasing bizarre flavour mash-ups in sliced, processed, plasticky form'. Jeremy Bowen of cheese sellers Paxton and Whitfield said "They are cheeky price points, they are yummy, they are not difficult to understand. He wants to introduce the great and the good". Music & food festivals James announced he would open his Oxfordshire farm to host an annual food and music festival. The event, titled Alex James Presents Harvest, took place from 9–12 September 2011, in conjunction with promoter Big Wheel Promotions. However, the event had a shaky start when Big Wheel Promotions went bankrupt leaving the ticketing company out of pocket and stallholders and performers unpaid. The local primary school, Kingham Primary, were also owed £7000 for the entertainment they organised, with the headteacher telling the Guardian that "We are either going to have to lose the music teacher or take it from other budgets which will reduce other parts of the curriculum". Then, in December 2011, a concert was staged locally to settle the debt. "I pledged to match the funds raised from my own pocket...I was very happy to do that" said James. Big Wheel Promotions, the company behind 'Harvest', then abruptly ceased trading even though it had already taken ticket fees for 2012. 'Alex James Presents Harvest' will also be remembered for a photograph of Alex James with David Cameron and Jeremy Clarkson. Since 2012, James – along with Jamie Oliver - has hosted The Big Feastival, an annual food and music festival, on his Oxfordshire farm. On joining forces with James, Oliver said "The Big Feastival was a great success in South London last year and I cannot wait to take this celebration of the greatest chefs, the best local produce and suppliers and some fantastic entertainment to a more rural location at Alex's." Along with live musical performances from Paloma Faith, Gaz Coombes, The Cuban Brothers, Noisettes, Razorlight, Texas, and Sahand, there has been cooking demonstrations and masterclasses, Q&As and book signings with well-known chefs, as well as family entertainment from Peppa Pig, Slow Food Kids' Taste Adventure and Chipping Norton Theatre. 'The Big Feastival' returned to James' farm on 31 August and 1 September 2013 with a line-up including KT Tunstall, The Feeling, Rizzle Kicks and Basement Jaxx. The festival attracted over 30,000 attendees in 2014 and has continued to be held annually on August Bank Holiday weekend. On 19 June 2019, James visited Bledington Primary School and invited the children to submit a fun, colourful, festival-inspired design. The winning entry was displayed as a stage backdrop at The Big Feastival. The 2019 festival took place on 23 – 25 August. The music line-up included Elbow, Lewis Capaldi, Jess Glyne, Rudimental and Jonas Blue, with chefs including Prue Leith, Mark Hix and Candice Brown. Style accolades James was voted eighth in GQ magazine's Annual Best Dressed List 2011. He has worked with Aubin & Wills as both a designer and model designing selected limited edition pieces. His first collaboration – the Galileo jacket - sold out. Honorary doctorates Bournemouth University presented James with an honorary doctorate in November 2010. He also received an Honorary Doctorate of Arts from the University of Gloucestershire in November 2013. Personal life James' father, Jason, was sales director of a company selling waste compactors and baling machines. James married Claire Neate, a music video producer, in April 2003 in Cheltenham. They have five children: three boys, Geronimo and twins Artemis and Galileo, and two daughters, Sable and Beatrix. The family live in Kingham in Oxfordshire on a 200-acre (0.81 km2) cheese farm, where James is considered a member of the Chipping Norton set. In his book, James describes a long period of decadent lifestyle. To celebrate his birthday in São Paulo one year, he got the tour manager to find him a balthazar of champagne, which he shared with the five prettiest groupies who were at the hotel door. James estimated that he spent about 1 million pounds on champagne and cocaine; in 2015, however, he said that this story was not true. He mentions a long list of favourite bars, including the Groucho Club and The Colony Room. See also List of cheesemakers References External links Alex James regularly contributes to The Spectator magazine Alex James is one of the regular presenters of BBC Radio 4's On Your Farm Evenlode Partnership – Alex James and Julie Harbutt's cheese company Alex James: the cheese diaries, episode 2 Alex James: the cheese diaries, episode 1 Alex James gives up vegetarianism after 17 years Article on Alex James and cheese manufacture Alex James presents Never Mind the Buzzcocks (Youtube) Alex James's top 10 reads, The Guardian, 10 December 1999 Alex James presents on ClassicFM Category:1968 births Category:Living people Category:Alumni of Goldsmiths, University of London Category:Blur (band) members Category:Cheesemakers Category:English farmers Category:English male journalists Category:English male singers Category:English rock bass guitarists Category:Male bass guitarists Category:English songwriters Category:English writers Category:Ivor Novello Award winners Category:People educated at Bournemouth School Category:People from Boscombe Category:Popstar to Operastar contestants Category:Britpop musicians Category:Dairy products companies of the United Kingdom Category:Me Me Me (band) members Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Arts

Nammanna Don Nammanna Don is a 2012 released Kannada comedy film starring Ramesh Aravind, Mona Parvaresh and Sanathini in the lead roles. Ramesh himself has directed and written the script with DBC Shekar for the movie. Mathew Manu is the music director of the film. Ramesh's brother-in-law, Ravi Joshi has produced the venture under Lava Kush Productions. Cast Ramesh Aravind Mona Parvaresh Sanathini Raju Thalikoti Rajendra Karanth Nitesh Shekar Sunayana Suresh Veena Bhat Achyuth Rao Layendra Critical reception The film opened to good reviews praising for its content. IBNLive.com reviewed and said, "Despite its predictability, 'Nammanna Don' wins mainly because of its breezy narration. The film has space for both comedy and emotional sequences. All these elements have made 'Nammanna Don' a sensible, touching yet entertaining flick with lots of humorous situations. The packaging has made the film a winner all the way". DNAIndia.com gave 2.5 stars out of 5 and said, "One of the best things about the film is the complete absence of violence and being able to send a message through humour; yes, you can definitely take your family". Soundtrack Mathews Manu has scored Background music and also 3 songs for the soundtrack "Ee Jeeva Ninagaagi" - Rajesh Krishnan "Bongu Bongu" - Jogi Sunitha "Jumbalaka Sakkath" - Mathews Manu References External links Review Category:2012 films Category:2010s Kannada-language films Category:Indian films

Siege of Seringapatam (1792) The 1792 Siege of Seringapatam was a battle and siege of the Mysorean capital city of Seringapatam (Srirangapatna) at the end of the Third Anglo-Mysore War. An army led by Charles, Earl Cornwallis consisting of British East India Company and British Army forces, along with allied forces from the Maratha Empire and the Nizam of Hyderabad, arrived at Seringapatam on 5 February 1792, and after less than three weeks of battle and siege, forced Tipu Sultan to capitulate. With his agreement to the Treaty of Seringapatam on 18 March 1792, the war came to an end. Background The prospects for Tipu Sultan, the Muslim ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore, had declined significantly during the 1791 campaign season of the Third Anglo-Mysore War. Although he had been able to reverse some advances made by forces of the British East India Company forces under General William Medows in 1790, he had lost ground on all fronts in 1791, and only a slash-and-burn policy to deprive his opponents of provisions and forage had prevented company forces under Charles Cornwallis from besieging his capital, Seringapatam. Cornwallis, whose army had been desperately short of provisions, withdrew to Bangalore in May 1791 to resupply his army and wait out the monsoon rains. Tipu took advantage of the British retreat to recover Coimbatore, but he lost several strong points when British forces captured Nundydroog and Savendroog late in 1791, and Britain's allies in the conflict, the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas, also made territorial gains at his expense. British forces The force that Cornwallis assembled at Savendroog in January 1792 consisted of about 20,000 company and British Army troops, a horde of the nizam's cavalry, and an enormous civilian camp that trailed after the marching companies when it left Savendroog on 25 January. After stopping at Outradroog to join with additional Hyderabadi troops, the great army marched on, only mildly harassed by Tipu's cavalry, until its advance guard got about north of Seringapatam on 5 February, where the plains below Seringapatam opened and Cornwallis established a position from which Tipu's defences could be examined. Tipu punctuated the arrival of the British by showering them with rockets in an ineffective yet impressive display of technology. (Tipu's rockets were probably influential on William Congreve, who went on to develop what are now called Congreve rockets.) In addition to the grand army, Cornwallis had ordered General Robert Abercromby to lead a supporting army of about 6,000 men from the Malabar (western) coast. Tipu's defences The city of Seringapatam occupied an island in the Kaveri River, which at that point flowed roughly west-to-east from the Western Ghats on its way to the Bay of Bengal. The city proper occupied the center of the island, with the western end of the island occupied by a strong stone fortress, and the eastern end by a large walled garden that included Tipu's palace and the tomb of his father, Hyder Ali. Tipu had arrayed army, which Cornwallis estimated to number between forty and fifty thousand, along a roughly semicircular line on the northern shore of the Kaveri that covered the approaches to the island. This line, three to four miles (four to five km) long, was studded with six redoubts, and much of the line was protected by a thick hedge. To the east (Tipu's right) the line was anchored by Karigaut Hill, and the entire line was arranged to be within firing range of either the fort or entrenched positions on the island. Cornwallis, after inspecting the city's defences on 6 February, decided to attack even though Abercromby's column had not yet reached the area. As long as Tipu's army was outside the city's defences, he could conduct a proper siege, and his opponent's freedom to act might also interfere with the arrival of Abercromby, who would have to cross the Kaveri (a difficult proposition for an army even without hostile forces nearby) to make a junction with the grand army. Cornwallis planned a nighttime attack with three components. General Medows would lead 7 battalions on the right, where he was to drive Tipu's left back toward the fort, while Lieutenant Colonel Maxwell would lead 4 battalions to gain Karigaut Hill on the left. Cornwallis himself would direct 8 battalions in the center with the objective of gaining the river near the eastern end of the fort. If successful, the Mysoreans would be driven onto the island, and either Cornwallis or Maxwell would be able to follow and establish a strong position from which the fort could be besieged. Since the battle was to take place at night, they would be unable to use artillery to provide covering fire, so he ordered the attacks to be made only with musket and bayonet. Cornwallis deliberately excluded the nizam's forces from the action, since he did not trust them to act effectively. Battle Cornwallis did not divulge details of the plan until one hour before the attack. At around 9 pm the three divisions left camp. In the center, Cornwallis advanced to the hedge, which his force reached around 11. By then gunfire from his left indicated that Maxwell's men had already begun their attack on Karigaut Hill, and the sounds had thrown the Mysorean troops in the center into some disorder. Cornwallis ordered his men through the hedge; the British troops closed with the bayonet on the Mysoreans, who fled in near-panic, leaving artillery, tents, and provisions behind. One redoubt gave resistance and was stormed. Maxwell's and Cornwallis' men chased the fleeing Mysoreans as they crossed the bridges onto the island and sought the shelter of the fort. Tipu, from his position in the fort, observed the disaster and then raised the drawbridge to prevent British troops, which were by then intermingled with the Mysoreans, from gaining entry to the fort. While this secured his own position, it left many of his troops at the mercy of the British. The division of General Medows did not fare quite as well as the other two. Medows strayed too far to the west in the dark, and although he successfully took the westernmost redoubt of the Mysorean line, he was prevented from approaching the island by a series of ravines and swampy ground. This created a gap in the British lines between the center and right, exposing Cornwallis, who had held back from the lines with a single battalion, to personal danger. Tipu sought to exploit this gap in order to recover the camp, and organized an infantry attack against the gap. Cornwallis was able to rally his men and repulse the counterattack, but his hand was grazed by a bullet during the action. When daylight arrived the field of battle was more clearly visible to all, and Tipu ordered his artillery to begin firing on the British positions. Significantly exposed, Cornwallis withdrew his command to Karigaut Hill, abandoning part of his camp in the process, and leaving a detachment of men in the captured redoubt. This enabled the Mysorean cavalry to roam freely through the area while Tipu's artillery continued to play on exposed British positions. Unable to support the men in the redoubt, Cornwallis had to watch as the Mysoreans made five attempts to storm the redoubt, all of which were repulsed. When night fell, Cornwallis was able to advance and relieve the beleaguered men in the redoubt. Tipu also used the night to withdraw his men entirely from the north shore of the Kaveri, enabling Cornwallis to completely surround the fort. Siege In order to hasten the arrival of Abercromby's force, Cornwallis dispatched companies of Hyderabadi and Marathan cavalry to meet and escort them to the area. On 10 February Abercromby's force arrived in camp, in spite of a sortie led by Tipu personally in an attempt to prevent the meeting from happening. From this point, the siege became a matter of routine, as the British lines slowly advanced on the island toward the fortress. On 23 February Cornwallis inspected the unfinished first parallel. That same day, Tipu sent out negotiators to end hostilities. Peace Although fire ceased on 24 February, peace was not formally agreed until 18 March, when Tipu agreed to the severe terms of the Treaty of Seringapatam. Cornwallis made a preliminary demand that Tipu surrender two of his sons as hostages of war to guarantee Tipu's performance. On 26 February, in a ceremony immortalized in art by Robert Home, who accompanied Cornwallis on the expedition, Tipu's sons, aged seven and eleven, were delivered with great pomp and circumstance to Cornwallis' care. The treaty terms forced by the victors on Tipu were harsh. Mysore's size was reduced by half, with the company, the nizam, and the Marathas sharing in the spoils. The territories taken by the company were chosen in part to ease the difficulty of defending against future attacks from Mysore, although the final war with Mysore was initiated by the British in anticipation of further military action by Tipu. In that war, Seringapatam was stormed and Tipu died in its defence. General Medows was apparently distraught over his poor performance in the battle. On 27 February, after meeting with Cornwallis, he returned to his tent, and attempted to commit suicide, firing three bullets into his body with a pistol. He failed in even this, and spent several days in agony. His hopes dashed at ever gaining the command of India, he eventually returned to England. Cornwallis never blamed him for his failures on the night of 6 February. Notes References External links — A plan of the siege Seringapatam Seringapatam 1792 Seringapatam 1792 Seringapatam 1792 Seringapatam 1792 Seringapatam 1792 Category:1792 in India Category:Srirangapatna

Turun Urheiluliitto Turun Urheiluliitto (TuUL) is a sports club from Turku, Finland that was founded in 1901. The club includes sports teams for cross-country skiing, bowling, volleyball, ice skating, boxing, cycling, triathlon, gymnastics and track and field. The club's most successful athlete is still Paavo Nurmi. The club has also been represented by the following Olympic medalists: Hannes Kolehmainen, Harri Larva, Raimo Heinonen, Veikko Karvonen and Kaisa Parviainen. External links The club's website (Finnish) Category:Sport in Finland Category:Sports clubs established in 1901

Delvino, Kardzhali Province Delvino is a village in Kirkovo Municipality, Kardzhali Province, southern Bulgaria. References Category:Villages in Kardzhali Province

Asota spadix Asota spadix is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Charles Swinhoe in 1901. It is found in Micronesia and the Solomon Islands. References Category:Asota (moth) Category:Moths of Oceania

Butterfield Lake (New York) Butterfield Lake is located by Redwood, New York. Water from adjacent Mud Lake flows into Butterfield Lake. Fish species present in the lake are largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, northern pike, walleye, yellow perch, black bullhead, bluegill, and black crappie, bowfin (ling), and possibly still some gar. References Category:Lakes of New York (state) Category:Lakes of Jefferson County, New York

Musa Kassim Omer Musa Kassim Omer (, ) is a Somali Surgeon and politician. He is the Minister of Commerce and International Investment of the northwestern Somaliland region of Somalia. Personal life Omer was born in Gabiley, situated in the former British Somaliland protectorate. He spent his childhood in the town and Djibouti. He hails from the Isaaq clan. In 1980, Omer earned a Doctor of Medicine from the Somali National University in Mogadishu. Career Omer previously served as the WHO Emergency and Humanitarian Officer for Somalia. He was also the Executive Director of the Somaliland National AIDS Commission (SOLNAC). In May 2014, Omer was appointed Minister of Commerce and International Investment of the northwestern Somaliland region of Somalia and he has been sacked in early 2016, after the Kulmiye Conference in the late of 2015. References Category:Living people Category:Somalian politicians Category:Somali National University alumni Category:People from Woqooyi Galbeed Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

Oregon Ducks women's volleyball The Oregon Ducks volleyball team of the Pac-12 Conference, is the intercollegiate women's volleyball team of the University of Oregon. The team plays its home games at Matthew Knight Arena, with its former arena being McArthur Court. Program record and history <small> Postseason Below is a listing of Oregon Volleyball post-season history and results. NCAA Tournament results See also NCAA Division I Women's Volleyball Championship List of NCAA Division I women's volleyball programs References External links *

2016 Lima Challenger The 2016 Lima Challenger is a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It is the tenth edition of the tournament which is part of the 2016 ATP Challenger Tour. It takes place in Lima, Peru between October 24 and October 30, 2016. Singles main draw entrants Seeds 1 Rankings are as of October 17, 2016. Other entrants The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw: Nicolás Álvarez Gastão Elias Nicolás Jarry Juan Pablo Varillas The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: Andrea Collarini Facundo Mena Hans Podlipnik João Pedro Sorgi The following players entered as lucky losers: Michael Linzer Juan Ignacio Londero Champions Singles Christian Garín def. Guido Andreozzi, 3–6, 7–5, 7–6(7–3). Doubles Sergio Galdós / Leonardo Mayer def. Ariel Behar / Gonzalo Lama, 6–2, 7–6(9–7). External links Official Website Lima Challenger Category:Lima Challenger Category:October 2016 sports events in South America

Mordella brevis Mordella brevis is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1902. References Category:Beetles described in 1902 brevis

2019–20 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy 2019–20 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy was the eleventh edition of Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy, a Twenty20 competition in India. It took place between 8 November and 1 December 2019. Karnataka were the defending champions. The tournament retained the same format as the previous edition of the competition. The tournament had five groups, with two groups containing seven teams and three groups with eight teams. The top two teams in each group qualified for the Super League section of the tournament, with the teams then split into two further groups of five teams. The top two teams of each of the Super League groups progressed to the semi-finals. On the opening day of the tournament, Karnataka beat Uttarakhand by nine wickets, setting a new record for the most consecutive wins in T20 matches in India, with fifteen. Six rain-affected matches from the first day of the tournament were rescheduled to take place on 18 November 2019. Following the conclusion of matches played on 17 November 2019, Baroda and Karnataka from Group A, Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan from Group B, and Mumbai and Haryana from Group D had all progressed to the Super League stage of the tournament. After the final day of group stage matches, Maharashtra and Punjab from Group C, and Delhi and Jharkhand from Group E had also progressed to the Super League. From the Super League, Haryana, Karnataka, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu had advanced to the semi-finals. In the first semi-final, between Haryana and Karnataka, Abhimanyu Mithun took five wickets in one over for Karnataka, including a hat-trick. Karnataka won the match by eight wickets to advance to the final. In the second semi-final, Tamil Nadu beat Rajasthan by seven wickets to progress. In the final, Karnataka beat Tamil Nadu by one run to defend their title. League stage Group A Group B Group C Group D Group E Super League Points table Group A Group B Group A Group B Finals References External links Series home at ESPN Cricinfo Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy

Raiganj Raiganj () is a city and a municipality in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Uttar Dinajpur district. The police station was set up 125 years ago and railway connectivity reached the place 115 years ago. The city houses the 106 year old Raiganj Coronation High School. Raiganj got its railway connection back in 1896. The train used to go to Parbatipur junction in Bangladesh from Raiganj. It is a 200 year old town. Etymology The origin of the name Raiganj is not exactly known. There is a debate about the origin of the name. Some say the name is linked to the royal family of Dinajpur whose surname was Rai. The widely accepted view is that the name originated from the abundance of rai sorshe (a special type of mustard) corps at this place from time immemorial. Moreover a considerable number of people think that the word "Raiganj" came from "Rai" meaning "Radha", the consort of Krishna. In this connection, "Kaliaganj", nearest city to Raiganj, comes from "Kalia" meaning "Krishna", the central character of Mahabharata. Geography Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary Raiganj is known for Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary (also called the Kulik bird sanctuary), home to a large population of Asian openbills and other waterbirds and it is the largest bird sanctuary in Asia. Raiganj is situated at the banks of Kulik river which helped the town to become an important place for water connectivity. But, in course of time, navigability of Kulik river decreased and business through the waterway was stopped in the first half of the 1970s, especially after the dam was erected to prevent floods. The port area slowly lost its significance and, at present, it is the most backward locality of Raiganj. Location The area of this town is about 36.51 km2. But the present growing tendency and trend of urbanisation in the area adjacent to this town are also remarkable. The agglomeration areas are also experiencing this trend. Now the vast areas under Birghai, Maraikura, Rupahar, Bahin, karnojora, Maharaja Hat, is also growing with the population like the town of Raiganj and this population is dependent on Raiganj town. In the map alongside, all places marked on the map are linked in the full screen version. Police stations Raiganj is home to the following police stations: Raiganj police station has jurisdiction over Raiganj municipal area and Raignaj CD block and covers an area of 472.13  km2. It has two town outposts – Mohanbati TOP and Bandor TOP. It has another outpost – Karanjora outpost and a police camp at Bhatun. Raiganj Women police station is located at Raiganj. CD block HQ The headquarters of Raiganj CD block is at Raiganj city. Demographics In the 2011 census, Raiganj Urban Agglomeration had a population of 199,758, out of which 104,966 were males and 94,792 were females. The 0–6 years population was 22,028. Effective literacy rate for the 7+ population was 81.71 per cent. As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Raiganj in 2011 is 183,612; of which male and female are 96,388 and 87,224 respectively. Although Raiganj city has population of 183,612; its urban / metropolitan population is 199,690 of which 104,733 are males and 94,957 are females. Hinduism is majority religion in Raiganj city with 97.37% followers. Islam is second most popular religion in city of Raiganj with approximately 2.16% following it. In Raiganj city, Christianity is followed by 0.13%, Jainism by 0.16%, Sikhism by 0.05% and Buddhism by 0.05%. Around 0.00% stated 'Other Religion', approximately 0.11% stated 'No Particular Religion'. India census, Raiganj had a population of 165,222. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Raiganj has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 71%. In Raiganj, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Climate Raiganj has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa). The average high temperature in July, the warmest month, is , and in January, the coldest month, . The average annual temperature is . On average, of rain falls per year, with most of it falling in the wet season months of June through September. The wettest month is July, with of precipitation on average; the driest month is December, with only . Transport Rickshaws, auto-rickshaws,e-rickshaws city auto are the most widely available public transport in Raiganj. Most of the residents of Raiganj stay within a few kilometres of the town centre and have their own vehicles, mostly motorcycles and bicycles. Raiganj railway station is on the Barsoi-Radhikapur branch line. Railways connectivity reached here more than 150 years ago but, due to Indo-Bangladesh partition in 1971 the links through Bangladesh were lost and the railway became only a branch line. NH 34 passes through Raiganj which connects is to the capital of the state Kolkata. Conversion of the highway to 4 lanes is going on and the proposed highway will bypass Raiganj by about 6 km. The roadways connectivity suffers due to the traffic jam caused at Dalkhola on a regular basis. Raiganj also lacks in Railways connectivity because the Railway station is on a branch line. The nail in the coffin was hammered back in the 1960s when the broad gauge line was shifted to Malda-Barsoi-Dalkhola and thus bypassing Raiganj. Roadways Raiganj is connected by buses to few major cities through NBSTC and private bus services. NH 12 and SH 10A are its lifelines. SH 10A connects it to Kaliaganj, Balurghat, Hili. Buses are available all day long to Balurghat, Siliguri, Jalpaiguri, Alipurduar, Coochbehar, Malda, Kolkata and few other important cities. Overnight bus facilities are available mostly to Kolkata, Dhubri. Railways Raiganj railway station is on the Barsoi-Radhikapur branch line. One express train Radhikapur Express is available for reaching Kolkata and a link superfast express train Radhikapur-Anandvihar Express is available for going to New Delhi. Besides these couple of Katihar bound local passenger trains and a Siliguri bound DMU passenger can also be availed. Present C.M of West bengal Mamata Banerjee during her reign as a railways minister announced couple of railways projects for Raiganj which will definitely boost the communication. Raiganj-Dalkhola line (43.43 km) Raiganj-Itahar-Gazole line Airways Raiganj has no airport of its own. Government announced an airport in Raiganj named as Raiganj Airport The nearest operating airport is Bagdogra Airport near Siliguri, about 166 km from Raiganj. IndiGo and SpiceJet are the major carriers that connect the area to Delhi, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Guwahati, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangkok, Paro, Chandigarh and Balurghat airport Tourism Raiganj Bird Sanctuary Situated along the National Highway and by the side of the Kulik river is the Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary with an area of 35 acre and buffer area of 286.23 acre. It is the largest bird sanctuary in Asia. The forest, water bodies and the river attract the migratory birds like Open Bill Strok, Night heron, cormorant, little cormorant & Egrets from South Asian countries and coastal regions. Local birds like dove, bulbul, sparrow, king fisher, woodpeckers, owl, duck & cuckoo, can also be seen in large numbers. The migratory birds arrive from end of May to Ist week of July and depart from mid December to end of January. The nesting time is from July to August & egg laying from August to September. The flying training to the young ones is the best time to observe the birds, around October to November. Every winter nearly 150 different bird species arrive here from the north in numbers ranging from 65,000 to 75,000. Some of the common migratory birds seen here are Open-Billed Storks, Asian Open-billed storks, Egrets, Knight Herons, and Cormorants. Indian birds like kites, flycatchers, kingfishers, owls, woodpeckers, drongos, and bee eaters. The sanctuary has artificial network of man made canals which is connected to the River Kulik. During the months of monsoon the flood water from the river enters the plains of the sanctuary. This acts as the important source of food for most of the bird species. Legal status of the Forest:- This bird sanctuary is all set to be rejuvenated as plans of developing a deer park and a tortoise park soon at the core of the sanctuary by State government. Raiganj Church The Raiganj Church is dedicated to St. Joseph the Worker, the patron saint of Raiganj Diocese. The spacious building has glass and ceiling paintings, prominent pillars on both sides modelled on Greek pillars, carved doors and a high altar with an hexagonal dome on top of it. Jain Temples Ayodhya is the birthplace for 5 tirthankars Adinath, Ajitnath, Abhinandannath, Sumatinath and Ananthnath. Shri 1008 Digamabar Adinath Jain Mandir is one of the most famous temple in aodhya. A 31 feet tall Adinath idol in standing posture is present here. This place has been recently developed with the blessings of Acharya ratna Deshbhushanji Maharaj and Ganini Pramukh Aryika Gyanmati Mataji. There is a famous shvetambar temple dedicated to Ajitnatha with a copper-colored idol of 30 cm as its Moolnayak. There are other jain temples including Kamal Mandir, Chaubisi temple etc. Other notable places There are few other notable tourist destination nearby which spreads throughout the Uttar Dinajpur district. Educational Institutions Schools Raiganj's schools usually use English and Bengali as their medium of instruction, although the use of Hindi language is also stressed. The schools are affiliated with the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) or the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) or the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education. Schools include Raiganj Coronation High School, which is the oldest school in the town, established in 1911 and St. Xaviers School. Colleges There are several colleges and a govt. polytechnic in the town. Recently, Raiganj College has been upgraded to Raiganj University, an autonomous, state-owned university. The colleges of Raiganj were affiliated to University of North Bengal but after establishment of University of Gour Banga at Malda in 2008, the colleges are now affiliated to University of Gour Banga. Notable colleges include Raiganj Surendranath Mahavidyalaya University Raiganj University Raiganj University is a public university in Raiganj, in the Uttar Dinajpur district. It offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses in arts, commerce and sciences. It became a university in August 2015. Earlier it was a university college, which was affiliated to the University of North Bengal. It also offers Ph.D. programmes in Humanities- and Science-based subjects. Healthcare As of 2016, the healthcare system in Raiganj consists of a government super speciality hospital, under the Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal, and quite a few private medical establishments. Raiganj Government Medical College and Hospital It is inaugurated in 2019. There are two different campuses namely, Abdulghata campus and Dr. B.C Roy Street campus. Raiganj District Hospital There are a total of 400 existing beds for patients in different wards of Raiganj district hospital. But there was no infrastructure for the treatment of dying patients and the patients who suffer from complicated diseases of kidney and heart. Hence, on most occasions, the complicated patients are being transferred either to North Bengal Medical College & Hospital in Siliguri or Malda medical college and even to Kolkata which is 444 km away. The patient parties are facing great crisis to shift their patients either to Siliguri or Malda. Sometimes, patients die on the way as a result of complexities. On 27 November, the state Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee during her visit to Raiganj announced that Raiganj District Hospital would be upgraded to a Super Specialty Hospital and to start new Raiganj Medical College & Hospital in 2018. Economy Raiganj remains an important trading centre, running daily business transaction of at least 6 crore on average, next only to Siliguri. Around two lakh people visit Raiganj everyday for business. But, there is no industry as such in Raiganj. In the suburbs, there is a government-undertaken spinning mill with about 800 employees but even that it is gasping. It could shut down any day. Economy of Raiganj also depends greatlyon agriculture. Raiganj is the sole producer of a special quality aromatic basmati rice named as Tulaipanji. Tulaipanj rice has got Geographical Indication Tag from Government of India. This rice was even sent to London Olympics for its aroma and taste. A special kind of brinjal is also produced at Raiganj which is much bigger and tastier than its other species. Civic administration There is Raiganj municipality. It is divided into 27 wards. Currently, the All India Trinamool Congress, which has elected most councillors, controls the municipal board. Mr.Sandip Biswas of the All India Trinamool Congress is the current chairman of the ongoing board. Raiganj is not really the district headquarters though we term the town as the headquarters of North Dinajpur. The administrative buildings are located at Karnajora - a gram panchayat area five kilometres from Raiganj town. All along, Raiganj was developed in a scattered manner. When West Dinajpur existed, this side was deprived since the district headquarters was in Balurghat. Raiganj Bhavan In year 2008 23 March, The Union I&B and Parliamentary affairs minister Mr Priyaranjan Dasmunshi inaugurated the newly constructed Raiganj Bhawan in Kolkata(Kasba area). Culture Local Dances: Khan dance, Natua, Jang Gan, Mokha Dance and Halna Halnani dances Bhogta dances Handicrafts: Terracota and jute decorative articles Media Newspaper: Newspapers in Raiganj include English language dailies, The Statesman and The Telegraph, which are printed in Siliguri, and The Hindustan Times Hitvada and the Times of India, which are printed in Kolkata and received after a day's delay. In addition, Hindi and Bengali publications, including Anandabazar Patrika, Bartaman, Ganashakti, Uttar Banga Sambad and Dainik Jagran, are available. Radio: The public station All India Radio is the only radio channel that can be received in Raiganj. Telecommunications: Airtel, BSNL, Idea Cellular, Reliance Mobile, Vodafone, Jio 4G etc. Television: Raiganj receives almost all the television channels available in the rest of the country. Apart from the state-owned terrestrial network Doordarshan, cable television serves most of the homes, while satellite television is common in the outlying areas and in wealthier households. Besides mainstream Indian television channels, the town receives Nepali television channels and Bangladeshi television channels References External links Category:Cities and towns in Uttar Dinajpur district Category:Raiganj

Jallal Jallaluddin Mohammad Malik (born February 10, 1993), better known by his stage name Jallal, is an American rapper from Los Angeles, California. Career Music After spending time under the mentorship of Lupe Fiasco, Jallal released his debut mixtape, Semi-Casual Love, in 2011. Since then, he has released a second mixtape, Unwilling Fortay, along with numerous tracks. The mixtape caught the attention of Yasiin Bey (aka Mos Def), who has since served as a mentor to Jallal. Jallal has opened for Bey on several stops on his US tours starting in 2013. Jallal appeared on the remix to Olivia Olson's 2013 song "Suspicious". In 2014, he released his first single, "Rocky", featuring Rick Ross and produced by DJ MOZA, and "Suicide", featuring BJ the Chicago Kid. In 2015, he released the single "Gone Girl", featuring RDGLDGRN. In February 2017, Jallal released the single "Imma Dog". It was produced by CashMoneyAP. He followed that up with "2:00 AM", produced by Goddy Beats, which Vibe magazine called "a flossy number that serves as the soundtrack for all of our late night rendezvous." In May 2017, Jallal released the single "Toss & Turn" featuring Ne-Yo, produced by Hugo, James and Jan Fairchild. In June 2017, he released the single "Never Forgotten", featuring BJ The Chicago Kid, Kaye Fox and Georgia Anne Muldrow. The four tracks are included on his 15-track mixtape Off the Radar, which was released on June 14, 2017. It features additional appearances from 2 Chainz, Lil Wayne, T-Pain and Yo Gotti, and production from Chad Hugo of The Neptunes, Elliot James of Hey Monday, and DJ Moza. In March 2018, he released the single "Without Drake, Mos Def and Lupe Fiasco", produced by Killa J and DJ Moza. Jallal's upcoming album Untold Truth includes production by DJ Moza and Killa J, and the singles "The Truth" and "The Heat". In April 2019 he released the single "You Gon' See", produced by Arteen Mozafari. In August 2019 he released the music video for "We Made the Same". The song features the actress Tala Ashe. Fashion In 2015, Jallal founded the clothing brand Seviin. In 2017, he was signed as a spokesman for the American luxury menswear accessories brand William. Discography Singles "Rocky" (feat. Rick Ross) (January 26, 2014) "Gone Girl" (feat. RDGLDGRN) (October 21, 2015) "Over Now" (February 11, 2016) "Control Me" (feat. Stoomie and Chris Taylor) (March 9, 2016) "Friday Night Lights" (feat. Stoomie) (March 9, 2016) "Imma Dog" (February 15, 2017) "2:00 AM" (March 20, 2017) "Toss & Turn" (feat. Ne-Yo) (May 3, 2017) "Never Forgotten" (feat. BJ The Chicago Kid, Kaye Fox and Georgia Anne Muldrow, June 7, 2017) "Without Drake, Mos Def and Lupe Fiasco" (March 9, 2018) "The Truth" (August 28, 2018) "The Heat" (September 27, 2018) "You Gon' See" (April 4, 2019) "We Made the Same" (feat. Tala Ashe) (August 19, 2019) Appears on "Suspicious" (remix) – Olivia Olson feat. Jallal (August 27, 2013) Mixtapes Semi-Casual Love (2011) Unwilling Fortay (2013) Off the Radar (2017) Personal life Jallal is a Muslim. References External links Official website Category:Living people Category:1993 births Category:Rappers from Los Angeles Category:American male rappers Category:Underground rappers Category:21st-century American rappers Category:21st-century American male musicians

Small Town Brewery Small Town Brewery is a brewing company based in Wauconda, Illinois, best known for producing the Not Your Father's brand of flavored beers. History Small Town Brewery was founded by John Dopak and Tim Kovac in Wauconda in 2010. Kovac first started homebrewing in 1988. After three years of development, Not Your Father's Root Beer was released in Illinois in 2012. It was initially sold in its 19.5% abv incarnation in kegs at local bars and liquor stores. The brewery then did two small bottling runs of a 10.7% abv root beer in 22-ounce bottles, and in November 2014, they released 12-ounce bottles of a 5.9% abv version. In March 2015, Small Town partnered with Pabst Brewing Company to distribute the Not Your Father's brand nationally. Shortly thereafter, Pabst owners, including Pabst CEO Eugene Kashper, acquired a stake in the brand and the company. A new category in the alcoholic beverage industry was created due to the success of Not Your Father's Root Beer, referred to as "hard soda" or "flavored beer." The Small Town Brewery tap room in Wauconda was opened to the public on October 15, 2015. It serves a rotating cycle of 16 Small Town beers, with beer flavors including French Toast, Bourbon Pecan and Strawberry Rhubarb. Products Not Your Father's Root Beer is a traditionally-made beer brewed with botanicals, spices, and herbs such as wintergreen, sarsaparilla bark, anise, cinnamon, nutmeg, vanilla bean and honey, to give it the taste of an old-fashioned root beer. It is currently available nationally in two abv levels: 5.9% and 10.7%. Not Your Father's Root Beer 5.9% abv 6-pack bottles was the best-selling craft beer in the United States in 2015. Not Your Father's Ginger Ale was released in November 2015. Not Your Father's Vanilla Cream Ale, at 4.1% abv, was made available in 2016. Honors and awards BeerHoptacular Beer of the Year, Second Place, 2013 94 out of 100 rating by Beer Advocate for Not Your Father's Root Beer (10.7% abv), 2014 Controversy Michael Agnew, owner of A Perfect Pint, after visiting the brewery, argued that the equipment he saw could not produce such a high alcohol content using grain, and that therefore perhaps the root beer was spiked with neutral grain spirit, as opposed to fermented like other beer. Strange Brews host Andrew Gill speculated that perhaps it was not even beer but rather a flavored malt beverage. Kovac's claims that no sugar is added to the beverage, but that its sweetness comes solely from grains and spices, have also been questioned. References External links Official website Category:American beer brands Category:Beer brewing companies based in Illinois Category:American companies established in 2010 Category:Pabst Brewing Company Category:Root beer Category:Ginger ale

Château royal d'Ardenne Ardenne Castle, or the Royal Castle of Ardenne (Château Royal d'Ardenne, formerly also spelled "Hardenne") was situated in the municipality of Houyet in Belgium not far from Ciergnon Castle. The construction of the building was ordered in 1874 by King Leopold II of Belgium, to the plans of his architect Alphonse Balat. It replaced an older hunting lodge built in the 1830s by Leopold I. King Leopold II wanted to promote the Belgian region of the Ardennes as a holiday destination for the fashionable set. To this end he had his château converted into a luxury hotel. A railway station in the corner of the park made the remote castle accessible to tourists. An 18-hole golf course was installed in the park. The Compagnie Internationale des Grands Hotels ran the hotel from 1898 onwards. It finally closed its doors in 1950, and was then destroyed by fire in 1968. The remains were demolished in 1970. Today only the "Tour Léopold", a pavilion in the beautiful park, remains of the vast castle. It serves as a club house to the Royal Golf Club du Château Royal d'Ardenne. See also List of castles in Belgium External links www.chateaudardenne.be Royal Golf Club du Château Royal d'Ardenne, www.destinationgolf.be website Royal Golf Club du Château Royal d'Ardenne Category:Royal residences in Belgium Ardenne Ardenne

1949 All-Pacific Coast football team The 1949 All-Pacific Coast football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific Coast teams for the 1949 college football season. Selections Backs Ken Carpenter, Oregon State (AP-1; Coaches-1 [halfback]; INS-1 [halfback]) Eddie LeBaron, College of the Pacific (AP-1; INS-1 [quarterback]) Bob Celeri, California (AP-1; Coaches-1 [quarterback]) Bill Martin, USC (AP-1; Coaches-1 [fullback]) Don Paul, Washington State (Coaches-1) Ernie Johnson, UCLA (INS-1 [halfback]) Ollie Matson, San Francisco (INS-1 [fullback]) Ends Bob Wilkinson, UCLA (AP-1; Coaches-1; INS-1) Ray Bauer, Montana (Coaches-1) Darrell Robinson, Oregon (AP-1) Bill McColl, Stanford (INS-1) Tackles Jim Turner, California (AP-1; Coaches-1; INS-1) Jim Cullom, California (Coaches-1; INS-1) Carl Kiilsgaard, Idaho (AP-1) Guards Rod Franz, California (AP-1; Coaches-1; INS-1) (College Football Hall of Fame) Vern Sterling, Santa Clara (AP-1; INS-1) Ray Colquitt, Idaho (Coaches-1) Centers Jim Castagnoli, Stanford (AP-1; Coaches-1; INS-1) Key AP = Associated Press Coaches = selected by the conference coaches INS = International News Service Bold = Consensus first-team selection of at least two selectors from the AP, Coaches and INS See also 1949 College Football All-America Team References All-Pacific Coast Football Team Category:All-Pacific Coast football teams Category:All-Pac-12 Conference football teams

Eucalyptus pileata Eucalyptus pileata, commonly known as the capped mallee, is a species of mallee that is native to South Australia and Western Australia. It has smooth greyish bark, narrow lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped, conical or barrel-shaped fruit. Description Eucalyptus pileata is a mallee, rarely a small tree, that typically grows to a height of and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth, greyish bark that is shed in long ribbons to reveal orange or yellow new bark. Young plants and coppice regrowth have egg-shaped, bluish green leaves that are long and wide. Adult leaves are narrow lance-shaped, the same shade of glossy green on both sides, long and wide, tapering to a petiole long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels long. Mature buds are cylindrical to oval or pear-shaped, long and wide with a turban-shaped, ribbed operculum long and wide. Flowering occurs from February to May or from September to October and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, cup-shaped, conical or barrel-shaped capsule long and wide. Taxonomy Eucalyptus pileata was first formally described in 1934 by William Blakely in his book A Key to Eucalypts from material collected near Ravensthorpe in 1909. Distribution and habitat Capped mallee grows in Western Australia and South Australia. It grows in shrubland between Balladonia, Kondinin, Norseman, Nugadong and Ravensthorpe in Western Australia. In South Australia it occurs on the Eyre Peninsula, mainly between the Hincks Conservation Park and Cummins. Conservation status This eucalypt is classified as "not threatened" in Western Australia by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife. See also List of Eucalyptus species References Category:Rosids of Western Australia pileata Category:Myrtales of Australia Category:Plants described in 1934

Eutychius of Constantinople Eutychius ( 512 – 5 April 582), considered a saint in the Catholic and Orthodox Christian traditions, was the patriarch of Constantinople from 552 to 565, and from 577 to 582. His feast is kept by the Orthodox Church on 6 April, and he is mentioned in the Catholic Church's "Corpus Juris". His terms of office, occurring during the reign of Emperor Justinian the Great, were marked by controversies with both imperial and papal authority. Early life Eutychius' career is well documented: a full biography, composed by his chaplain Eustathius of Constantinople, was preserved intact. Eutychius was born at Theium in Phrygia. His father, Alexander, was a general under the famous Byzantine commander Belisarius. Eutychius became a monk at Amasea at the age of 30. As an archimandrite at Constantinople, Eutychius was well respected by Menas, the Patriarch of Constantinople. Eventually, on the day Menas died, Eutychius was nominated by Justinian the Great as Patriarch. First patriarchate Pope Vigilius was in Constantinople when Eutychius became patriarch. Eutychius sent him the usual announcement of his own appointment and a completely orthodox profession of the then-united Church. At the same time, the Pope urged him to summon and preside over the Church Council summoned to deal with the Three-Chapter Controversy. Vigilius first gave, and then withdrew, his consent to the Council. In spite of the Pope's refusal, the council met on 5 May 553 at Constantinople, and Eutychius shared the first place in the assembly with Apollinarius of Alexandria and Domninus of Antioch (called "Domnus III", see List of Greek Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch). At the second session, the pope excused himself again on the grounds of ill health. The subscription of Eutychius to the Acts of this synod, which was later recognized as the Fifth General Council and which concluded on 2 June 553, is a summary of the decrees against the Three Chapters. Eutychius had, so far, stood by the Emperor throughout. He composed the decree of the Council against The Chapters. In 562, he consecrated the new church of Hagia Sophia. However, Eutychius came into violent collision with Justinian in 564, when the Emperor adopted the tenets of the Aphthartodocetae, a sect of Non-Chalcedonians who believed that Christ's body on earth was incorruptible () and subject to no pain. Eutychius, in a long address, argued the incompatibility of the Aphthartodocetic beliefs with Scripture. Emperor Justinian insisted that he subscribe to it anyway. When Eutychius refused to compromise, Justinian ordered his arrest. On 22 January 565, Eutychius was celebrating the feast day of Saint Timothy in the church adjoining the Hormisdas Palace when soldiers broke into the patriarchal residence, entered the church, and carried him away. Arrest and exile Eutychius was first removed to a monastery called Choracudis, and the next day to the monastery of St. Osias near Chalcedon. Eight days later Justinian called an assembly of princes and prelates, to which he summoned Eutychius. The charges against him were trivial: that he used ointments, ate "delicate meats", and prayed for long periods. After being summoned three times, Eutychius replied that he would only come if he were to be judged canonically, in his own dignity, and in command of his clergy. Condemned by default, he was sent to an island in the Propontis named Principus ("Prince's Island"), and later to his old monastery at Amasea, where he spent 12 years and 5 months. Return and second patriarchate Upon the death of John Scholasticus, whom Justinian had put in the patriarchal chair, the people of Constantinople demanded the return of Eutychius. Justin II had succeeded Justinian in 565 and had associated with himself the young Tiberius, who was made Caesar in 574. In October 577 the two emperors sent a delegation to Amasea to bring Eutychius back to Constantinople. Contemporary reports claim that as he entered the city, a large group of people met him, shouting aloud, "Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord," and "Glory to God in the highest, on earth peace". In imitation of the entrance of Jesus into Jerusalem (recorded in Matthew 21:1–11 and John 12:12–18), he entered the city on an ass's colt, over garments spread on the ground, the crowd carrying palms, dancing, and singing. The whole city was illuminated, public banquets were held, and new buildings were inaugurated. The next day he met with the two emperors and was given "conspicuous honor" at the Church of the Virgin in Blachernae. He then proceeded to Hagia Sophia, mounted the pulpit, and blessed the many people. It took him six hours to distribute the communion because all of the people wished to receive it from his own hands. Late beliefs and death Toward the end of his life, Eutychius maintained an opinion that after the resurrection the body will be "more subtle than air" and no longer a tangible thing. This was considered heretical, because it was taken as a denial of the doctrine of physical, corporeal resurrection. The future Pope Gregory the Great, then residing at Constantinople as Apocrisiarius, opposed this opinion, citing Luke 24:39. Emperor Tiberius talked to the disputants separately, and tried to reconcile them, but the breach was persistent. Eutychius died quietly on the Sunday after Easter, at the age of 70. Some of his friends later told Pope Gregory that a few minutes before his death he touched the skin of his hand and said, "I confess that in this flesh we shall rise again", (a rough quote of Job 19:26). Among his pupils was Eustratios of Constantinople who wrote a tract against soul sleep. Extant works by Eutychius His literary remains are: Letter to Pope Vigilius (Migne, P. L., LXIX, 63, P.G. LXXXVI, 2401) "Discourse on Easter" (fragment) (Mai: Class. Auct. X, 488, and Script. Vet. Nov Coll. IX, 623); and other fragments found in P.G., LXXXVI. References Attribution Category:512 births Category:582 deaths Category:Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople Category:6th-century Byzantine people Category:6th-century archbishops Category:6th-century Christian saints Category:Justinian I Category:6th-century Byzantine writers Category:Roman Catholic writers

Jancigny Jancigny is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France. Population See also Communes of the Côte-d'Or department References Category:Communes of Côte-d'Or

Sadie (film) Sadie is a 2018 American drama film written and directed by Megan Griffiths. It stars Sophia Mitri Schloss, Melanie Lynskey, Danielle Brooks, Tony Hale, and John Gallagher Jr.. The film was produced by Lacey Leavitt and Jennessa West. Plot Adolescent Sadie lives with her mother Rae in a trailer park. Sadie's soldier father has already been away for four years, and has just reenlisted. He and Sadie exchange handwritten letters every couple of weeks. Sadie is upset, and wants her parents to be together again when her father returns from the war; Rae seems disappointed only for Sadie's sake. Rae's best friend of twenty years is Carla. Her son Francis and self-described "old coot" Deak are Carla's son and father, and also Sadie's two best friends. Sadie feels protective of Francis, who is struggling with a bully problem at school. Deak is an ever-present sympathetic ear for the trailer park, and particularly Sadie. Although Rae has largely given up on her soldier husband, she has remained loyal to him. Her friend Bradley, who is also Sadie's school counselor, is hoping for Rae to change her mind, but she is only interested in him as a friend. However, Rae finds her new neighbor Cyrus more tempting. Cast Release Sadie premiered at the 2018 South by Southwest Film Festival. It also showed at the Seattle International Film Festival on May 27, 2018. Reception On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 83%, based on 12 reviews, and an average rating of 7/10. References External links Category:2018 films Category:American films Category:American drama films

Radio 2XG Radio station 2XG, also known as the "Highbridge station", was an experimental station located in New York City and licensed to the De Forest Radio Telephone and Telegraph Company from 1915-1917 and 1920-1924. In 1916 it became the first radio station employing a vacuum-tube transmitter to make news and entertainment broadcasts on a regular schedule, and, on November 7, 1916, became the first to broadcast U.S. presidential election returns by spoken word instead of Morse code. Pre-World War I history Initially all radio stations used spark transmitters, which could only transmit Morse code messages. In 1904, Valdemar Poulsen invented an "arc-transmitter" capable of transmitting full audio, and in late 1906 Lee de Forest founded the Radio Telephone Company and began producing his own "sparkless" arc-transmitters. Between 1907 and 1910 de Forest made a number of demonstration entertainment broadcasts, and even spoke about developing news and entertainment broadcasting stations, but did not establish a regular service at this time. In 1914, de Forest established a laboratory at 1391 Sedgewick Avenue in the Highbridge section of the Bronx in New York City. Vacuum-tube transmitters had recently been developed, which were found to be superior to arc-transmitters for audio transmissions, and the company now concentrated on developing vacuum-tube equipment, including "Oscillion" transmitter tubes. In the summer of 1915, the company received a license for an Experimental station, with the call sign 2XG, located at the Highbridge laboratory. De Forest had suspended broadcasting demonstrations in 1910, however, he decided to showcase the capabilities of the new vacuum-tube transmitters by introducing a "wireless newspaper" making regular broadcasts of concerts and news bulletins. There were no formal government regulations restricting broadcasting at this time, so the company was free to transmit these programs over 2XG. Arrangements were made with the Columbia Gramophone record company to broadcast phonograph records from their offices at 102 West 38th Street in New York City—the phonograph company supplied records in exchange for "announcing the title and 'Columbia Gramophone Company' with each playing". The debut program was aired on October 26, 1916, and it was announced that nightly transmissions of news interspersed with Columbia recordings would be sent from the Highbridge laboratory beginning November 1. 2XG's original audience was mostly amateur radio operators. An early report stated that 2XG was broadcasting on "a wave length of approximately 800 meters" (375 kilohertz). Carl Dreher would later recall: "The quality was quite good, and I used to listen to the station for hours at a time". De Forest initially used these broadcasts to advertise "the products of the De Forest Radio Co., mostly the radio parts, with all the zeal of our catalogue and price list", until comments by Western Electric engineers caused him to eliminate the sales messages. 1916 election night broadcast Some of the programming was oriented toward a more general audience. On the night of the November 7, 1916 Wilson-Hughes presidential election, 2XG, in conjunction with the New York American, broadcast election returns that for the first time were in full audio instead of Morse code. This program featured telephoned bulletins supplied by the newspaper—which hailed the effort as "the first time the wireless telephone has been demonstrated as a practical, serviceable carrier of election news and comment"—and read over the air by "unassuming chap" Walter Schare. Also featured were Columbia recordings that included "'The Star Spangled Banner,' 'Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean,' 'Dixie,' 'America' and other airs long loved by Americans". Just before shutting down at 11:00 PM, the station incorrectly announced that Charles Evans Hughes had won, however the next day it was learned that late totals from California had tilted the election in Woodrow Wilson's favor. It was estimated that 7,000 persons received the broadcast. The concerts continued, with listeners reported as far away at Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. A "radio dance" held in Morristown, New Jersey at the end of the year received widespread publicity. However, with the entry of the United States into World War One on April 6, 1917, all civilian radio stations were ordered shut down, and 2XG was silenced for the duration of the conflict. Post-World War I reactivation Effective October 1, 1919, the ban on civilian radio stations was ended, and the De Forest "Highbridge Station" soon renewed operation, once more with an Experimental license and the callsign 2XG. For this revival Bob Gowen and Bill Garity worked as announcers, with Richard Klein acting as program director. Phonograph records were now supplied by the Brunswick-Balke-Collender company, again in exchange for promotional announcements. There were also live performances, including multiple appearances by Vaughn De Leath—for these broadcasts she earned the sobriquet "The Original Radio Girl". In early 1920, the 2XG transmitter was moved from the Bronx to Manhattan to take advantage of an offer by Emil J. Simon to use an antenna located atop the World's Tower building. This also brought the station's studio closer to artists in the theatrical district. However, the move had not been approved by government regulators, and the second district Radio Inspector, Arthur Batcheller, ordered the station to suspend operations. De Forest responded by moving to San Francisco in March, taking the 2XG transmitter with him, where he established a new station, 6XC, which operated as "The California Theater station", and developed an even more extensive program schedule. However, shortly thereafter de Forest would cease involvement with radio work altogether, in order to concentrate on developing the Phonofilm sound-on-film system. The De Forest company eventually returned to the New York City airwaves on a more limited basis. In December 1920, Vaughn De Leath made a return engagement of weekly concerts, and the next month there was a report that the De Forest laboratories were broadcasting a nightly concert between 7:30 and 8:30. However, audio transmission and broadcasting experimentation by the company was now primarily conducted through experimental station 2XX, located at the home of De Forest's Chief Engineer, Robert Gowen, in Ossining, New York. On October 13, 1921 the De Forest company was issued a broadcasting station authorization in the form of a Limited Commercial license with the randomly assigned call letters WJX, operating on 360 meters (833 kilohertz) at its Sedgewick Avenue facility. This was the first broadcasting license issued for a station in New York City proper, however, despite its heritage there was minimal, if any, programming ever broadcast by WJX. Effective December 1, 1921, 360 meters was designated as the common "entertainment" broadcasting wavelength, and stations within a region had to devise timesharing agreements to allocate the hours during which they could operate. But a mid-1922 agreement covering the New York City area didn't even list WJX as being active. WJX continued to be included in the official government lists of stations holding licenses through early 1924, but contemporary newspapers and magazines providing station programming information do not contain any evidence that the station was actually on the air. In June 1924, WJX (along with 2XG) was officially deleted by the government. References Category:Radio stations in New York City Category:Experimental radio Category:Radio stations established in 1920 Category:History of radio Category:Highbridge, Bronx Category:Defunct radio stations in the United States

Sivagiri Vidyaniketan Sivagiri Vidyaniketan is an educational institution located in Aluva, Kerala. The School conducts classes from kindergarten to senior secondary education to over 884 students. The School was started as Sadanam Nursery school managed by the Sree Narayana Dharma Sanghom Trust, Varkala. In 1990, it was renamed as Sivagiri Vidyaniketan External links Official web site of Sivagiri Vidyaniketan References Category:Schools in Ernakulam district Category:Aluva

Black Mountain (Belfast) Black Mountain is a large hill which overlooks the city of Belfast, Northern Ireland. The mountain is one of the most prominent features of the city, towering above most of west Belfast. It reaches a height of 1,275 ft and is composed of basalt with limestone underneath, as is Cavehill further north. There have been flint finds in the area, which also contains raths, deserted farms and overgrown paths joining the fields and homesteads and trails scattered over the mountain. On a clear day there are views of Strangford Lough, the Mournes and the Sperrins, as well as Scotland and Donegal. Its name is probably derived from the adjoining mountain called Divis (; ). There is a well-known field located on the Black Mountain, this is called the 'Hatchet Field', it is so called because it is in the shape of an old-fashioned hatchet. Also located on top of the mountain (Wolfe Hill) is a police barracks belonging to the Police Service of Northern Ireland and the Black Mountain transmitting station which is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility. One way to proceed up the mountain is by the 'Mountain Loney,' a path leading up the mountain and across the 'Hatchet Field'. This path is found adjacent to Dermot Hill, a housing estate in west Belfast, and is popular with walkers and tourists. For many years people have lobbied for the preservation of the Belfast Hills, hoping to bring an end to many years of quarrying. The quarry is steep and deeply excavated and the basalt from it is used mostly for road stone. See also Divis Awards Amazing Spaces award (8 November 2005) References External links Virtual tour of Black Mountain - Virtual Visit Northern Ireland Category:Mountains and hills of County Antrim Category:Volcanism of Northern Ireland Category:Geography of Belfast Category:Surface mines in Northern Ireland

Eugenio Rossi Eugenio Rossi may refer to: Eugenio Rossi (athlete) (born 1992), Sammarinese athlete Eugenio Rossi (tennis) (born 1969), Italian tennis player

Vlatko Vedral Vlatko Vedral is a Serbian-born (and naturalised British citizen) physicist and Professor in the Department of Physics at the University of Oxford and Centre for Quantum Technologies (CQT) at the National University of Singapore and a Fellow of Wolfson College, Oxford. He is known for his research on the theory of Entanglement and Quantum Information Theory. As of 2017 he has published over 280 research papers in quantum mechanics and quantum information and was awarded the Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award in 2007. He has held a Lectureship and Readership at Imperial College, a Professorship at Leeds and visiting professorships in Vienna, Singapore (NUS) and at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Canada. there are over 18,000 citations of Vedral's research papers. He is the author of several books, including Decoding Reality. Education After completing secondary education at Mathematical Grammar School (Matematička gimnazija), he received his Bachelor of Science and Doctor of Philosophy degrees from Imperial College London, where he graduated with a PhD in 1998. Career and research After his PhD, Vederal was appointed Elsag-Bailey postdoctoral research fellow in Oxford. He then held a research fellowship at Merton College, Oxford returning to Imperial College as the Governor’s lecturer to start a quantum information science research group, a position he held from 2000-2004. Before returning to Oxford, he was centenary professor of quantum information science at the University of Leeds from 2004 to 2009. He currently holds a joint appointment as a Professor of Physics and the University of Oxford and the Centre for Quantum Technologies (CQT) at the National University of Singapore. He was appointed Fellow of Wolfson College, Oxford in 2009. Publications Vedral's publications include: Modern Foundations of Quantum Optics Introduction to Quantum Information Science Introductory Quantum Physics and Relativity Solid State Quantum Information Decoding Reality: The Universe as Quantum Information From Micro to Macro: Adventures of a Wandering Physicist Awards and honours Elected a Fellow of the Institute of Physics (FInstP) in 2017 Recipient of Marko V. Jaric Award, 2011 Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award, 2007. The World Scientific Physics Research Medal, 2009. References External links "Forum discussion on BBC World Services" "BBC Radio 4 Talk on the Material World" "Vlatko Vedral: 'I'd like to explain the origin of God' Interview with the Observer" "Quantum thermodynamics in New Scientist" Category:Living people Category:Fellows of Wolfson College, Oxford Category:Serbian physicists Category:British physicists Category:Serbian emigrants to the United Kingdom Category:Fellows of Merton College, Oxford Category:Fellows of the Institute of Physics Category:1971 births

Alliance (1904 automobile) The Alliance was made from 1904 to 1905 by Automobil- und Motorwerke Alliance Fischer & Abele, Berlin. They were powered by either 2- or 4-cylinder engines. Chassis and engines made by the company were often supplied to other factories as proprietary components. References Hans-Otto Neubauer, "Alliance (ii)", in G.N. Georgano, ed., The Complete Encyclopedia of Motorcars 1885-1968 (New York: E.P. Dutton and Co., 1974), pp. 36. Category:Brass Era vehicles Category:Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Germany

Ernest Ward Ernest Ward (30 July 1920 – 9 July 1987) was an English rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s and 1950s, and coached in the 1950s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, British Empire, Combined Nationalities and England, and at club level for Bradford Northern (captain), and Castleford, as a goal-kicking or , i.e. number 1, 3 or 4, or, 11 or 12, during the era of contested scrums, and coached at club level for Castleford. Ernest Ward was a Private in the British Army during World War II. Background Ward was born in Dewsbury, West Riding of Yorkshire, England, and he lived in a bungalow in Wyke, Bradford. Playing career Bradford Northern Ernest Ward made 391 appearances for Bradford Northern, scoring 117 tries and 538 goals, for a total of 1427 points, he was inducted into the Bradford Northern/Bradford Bulls Hall of Fame in September 2006. International honours Ernest Ward won caps for England while at Bradford Northern in 1941 against Wales, in 1945 against Wales (2 matches), in 1946 against France (2 matches), and Wales (2 matches), in 1947 against France, and Wales, in 1948 against France (2 matches), in 1949 against Wales, and France (2 matches), in 1950 against Wales (2 matches), and France, in 1952 against Other Nationalities (2 matches), and Wales, won caps for Wales while at Bradford Northern in 1946 against France, in 1947 against France, England, New Zealand, France, and England, in 1948 against France, England, France, and Australia, in 1949 against England, and France, and in 1951 against Other Nationalities (2 matches), represented British Empire while at Bradford Northern in 1952 against New Zealand, and won caps for Great Britain while at Bradford Northern in 1946 against Australia (3 matches), and New Zealand, in 1947 against New Zealand (2 matches), in 1948 against Australia (3 matches), in 1950 against Australia (3 matches), and New Zealand (2 matches), in 1951 against New Zealand (3 matches), and in 1952 against Australia (3 matches). As of September 2010, With 26 goals, Ernest Ward is fourth in the list of England's all-time Goal Scorers, behind George Fairbairn, Andrew Farrell & Kevin Sinfield, with 58 points he is 4th in the list of England's all-time Point Scorers, again behind George Fairbairn, Andrew Farrell & Kevin Sinfield. Championship Final appearances Ernest Ward played in Bradford Northern's 26-20 aggregate victory over Halifax in the Championship Final during the 1944–45 season; the 2-9 defeat at Thrum Hall, Halifax, and the 24-11 victory at Odsal Stadium, Bradford. Challenge Cup Final appearances Ernest Ward played in Bradford Northern's 8-3 aggregate victory over Wigan in the 1943–44 Challenge Cup Final during the 1943–44 season; the 0-3 defeat at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 15 April 1944, and the 8-0 victory at Odsal Stadium, Bradford on Saturday 22 April 1944, played and scored 2 conversions in the 8-4 victory over Leeds in the 1946–47 Challenge Cup Final during the 1946–47 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 3 May 1947, played left-, i.e. number 4, and was captain in the 3-8 defeat by Wigan in the 1947–48 Challenge Cup Final during the 1947–48 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 1 May 1948, and played, and was man of the match winning the Lance Todd Trophy in Bradford Northern's 12-0 victory over Halifax in the 1948–49 Challenge Cup Final during the 1948–49 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 7 May 1949. Bradford Northern played in five of the six Challenge Cup finals between 1944 and 1949, the first two finals; the 1943–44 Challenge Cup Final against Wigan, and the 1944–45 Challenge Cup Final against Huddersfield were played over two-legs, five Bradford Northern players played in all five of these finals, they were; Eric Batten, Vic Darlison, Donald Ward, Ernest Ward, and Frank Whitcombe. County Cup Final appearances Ernest Ward played in Bradford Northern's 5-2 victory over Wakefield Trinity in the 1945–46 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1945–46 season at Thrum Hall, Halifax on Saturday 3 November 1945, played left-, i.e. number 4, in the 18-9 victory over Castleford in the 1948–49 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1948–49 season at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds on Saturday 30 October 1948, and played left-, i.e. number 4, and scored 4-conversions in the 11-4 victory over Huddersfield in the 1949–50 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1949–50 season at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds on Saturday 29 October 1949. Other notable matches Ernest Ward played for Northern Command XIII against a Rugby League XIII at Thrum Hall, Halifax on Saturday 21 March 1942. Coaching career Club career Ernest Ward was the coach of Castleford, his first game in charge was on Saturday 7 November 1953, and his last game in charge was on Saturday 7 April 1956. Honoured at Bradford Ernest Ward, has been included in Bradford's; 'Millennium Masters', 'Bull Masters', and in August 2007 he was named in the 'Team of the Century'. Only six players have been included in all three lists, they are; Karl Fairbank, Trevor Foster, James Lowes, Keith Mumby, Robbie Paul, and Ernest Ward. Genealogical information Ernest Ward was the younger brother of the rugby league footballer; Donald Ward. Note In some references the Wales international statistics of Edward H. "Ted" Ward are misallocated to Ernest Ward. References External links Statistics at rugbyleagueproject.org (Ted Ward's Wales statistics misallocated to Ernest Ward, Ernest Ward's Combined Nationalities, and some England statistics are missing) Statistics at rugbyleagueproject.org (Ernest Ward's missing Combined Nationalities, and England statistics) (archived by web.archive.org) The Millennium Masters – Backs (archived by web.archive.org) Bull Masters – Ernest Ward (archived by web.archive.org) Team Of The Century Photograph 'Challenge cup winning side.' at rlhp.co.uk Photograph 'Championship winning team 1945' at rlhp.co.uk Photograph 'Ernest Ward is presented with the Yorkshire Cup in 1945' at rlhp.co.uk Photograph 'Trevor and Ernest 1946' at rlhp.co.uk Photograph 'Touring quartet' at rlhp.co.uk Photograph 'The 1947 Team' at rlhp.co.uk Photograph 'Wembley 1947' at rlhp.co.uk Photograph 'Ernest Ward holds the Cup aloft' at rlhp.co.uk Photograph '1948 Championship Semi-final' at rlhp.co.uk Photograph 'Northern at Fartown' at rlhp.co.uk Photograph 'Trevor Foster about to release the ball at Wembley, 1949' at rlhp.co.uk Photograph 'England v Wales 1950' at rlhp.co.uk Photograph 'Trevor Foster with Ernest Ward' at rlhp.co.uk Photograph 'Four Northern Greats' at rlhp.co.uk Photograph 'Ernest Ward holds the Championship Trophy' at rlhp.co.uk Photograph 'Keith Mumby Presentation' at rlhp.co.uk Photograph 'Northern Greats' at rlhp.co.uk Category:1920 births Category:1987 deaths Category:Army XIII rugby league players Category:Bradford Bulls players Category:Castleford Tigers coaches Category:Castleford Tigers players Category:Combined Nationalities rugby league team players Category:England national rugby league team players Category:English rugby league coaches Category:English rugby league players Category:Great Britain national rugby league team players Category:Lance Todd Trophy winners Category:Place of death missing Category:Rugby league centres Category:Rugby league fullbacks Category:Rugby league second-rows Category:Sportspeople from Dewsbury

Nicolas Thyrel de Boismont Abbé Nicolas Thyrel de Boismont (12 June 1715 – 20 December 1786) was a French abbot and a pulpit orator. Category:1715 births Category:1786 deaths Category:French abbots Category:Members of the Académie française

Krnja Jela Krnja Jela may refer to: Krnja Jela, Bosanski Petrovac, a village in the municipality of Bosanski Petrovac, Bosnia and Herzegovina , a village in the municipality of Šavnik, Montenegro Krnja Jela (Sjenica), a village in the municipality of Sjenica, Serbia See also Krna Jela, a village in the municipality of Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Time and Time Again "Time and Time Again" is the second single from the rock band Papa Roach's third studio album, Lovehatetragedy. Music video The music video (directed by Samuel Bayer) shows the band driving black cars in a street race with the song playing on the car stereos. Sections of this video were used in the Papa Roach version of the Pepsi Blue television advertisements in 2002. A second version was also made, known as the UK version. It shows the band driving around, and playing concerts on the street of Sacramento, California while the cops are hunting them down. Locations showcased including César Chávez Park, the Globe Mills and the Rainbow Bridge in Folsom, California. Track listing Chart performance References Category:Papa Roach songs Category:2002 singles Category:Music videos directed by Samuel Bayer Category:2002 songs Category:Songs written by Jacoby Shaddix Category:Song recordings produced by Brendan O'Brien (record producer) Category:DreamWorks Records singles Category:Songs written by Tobin Esperance

Maynard Olson Maynard V. Olson is professor of genome sciences and medicine at the University of Washington. He is a specialist in the genetics of cystic fibrosis, and one of the founders of the Human Genome Project. Originally a chemist, he received his undergraduate degree from California Institute of Technology and his Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry from Stanford University in 1970. From 1970-75, he was at Dartmouth College, and then became a molecular biologist, first at the University of Washington, then at Washington University in St. Louis, and, from 1992 on, again at the University of Washington. Awards and honors 2007 Gruber Prize in genetics. ($500,000) 2002 Gairdner Foundation International Award, 1994 elected Member, National Academy of Sciences 1992 Genetics Society of America Medal References External links Official web page Gruber Prize site Category:1943 births Category:Living people Category:California Institute of Technology alumni Category:Stanford University alumni Category:Human Genome Project scientists Category:Washington University in St. Louis faculty Category:University of Washington faculty Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences

F. E. Compton Frank Elbert Compton (August 7, 1874 – May 13, 1950) was a publisher of encyclopedias and other reference works, most notably Compton's Pictured Encyclopedia from 1922, later named Compton's Encyclopedia. Compton graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and from 1894 he was an associate of publisher Chandler Beach. Compton became the general manager of C. B. Beach & Company in 1905. He took over the firm when Beach retired in 1907, and the company name later changed to F. E. Compton & Co.. Compton spent his career in Chicago and he died in La Jolla, California. The New Student's Reference Work was published by C. B. Beach & Company until 1912, then by F. E. Compton & Co.. Publishing rights to the F.E. Compton & Company products were acquired by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. in 1961, and the encyclopedia is still in print as Compton's by Britannica. See also Chandler B. Beach, editor of the New Student's Reference Work Encyclopædia Britannica References Category:1874 births Category:1950 deaths

Society for Judgment and Decision Making The Society for Judgment and Decision Making is an interdisciplinary academic organization dedicated to the study of normative, descriptive, and prescriptive theories of decision. Its members include psychologists, economists, organizational and marketing researchers, decision analysts, and other decision researchers. The Society's primary event is its Annual Meeting at which Society members present their research. It also publishes the journal Judgment and Decision Making. The current president of the Society is Rick Larrick. Membership The society has about 1,500 members. Although meetings have always been in North America, the membership is international. The President and some of the Executive Board are chosen by approval voting. History The society was founded in 1980 by James Shanteau, Charles Gettys, and others, as a way of bringing together researchers who study human judgments and decisions from different perspectives. Conference The annual conference has been held every year in conjunction with the meeting of the Psychonomic Society, now overlapping by two days, in mid-November. More than 700 people attended the conference in 2015 and in 2016. The 2017 conference will be held in Vancouver, BC. Publications and journal The Society has published a book series, first in cooperation with Cambridge University Press and now in cooperation with Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. It also publishes an open-access on-line journal called Judgment and Decision Making, as of July 2007. References The history of the society is described in a series of articles in the newsletter, available on line in the Society home page, by James Shanteau: June 2003, September 2003, and March 2004. External links SJDM official home page Judgment and Decision Making, the on-line journal Category:Psychology organizations based in the United States Category:Organizations established in 1980

Luray High School Luray High School is a public high school located in Luray, Virginia. Luray High School is home to roughly 600 students, in grades 9-12. Before moving to the new building, it was one of the few 5-year high schools in the nation. The school is part of the Page County Public School System. The school's colors are maroon and white, and the mascot is the bulldog. The School's alma mater: Hail to thee, our Alma Mater Hail to thee, O Luray High With glory, laud, and honor The Maroon and White fly high If thy noble sons and daughters, All with joy and rapture may, From our hearts and souls forever, We say Hail to Thee, Luray! The Fight Song is Maroon and White The goal of Luray High School is to promote a spirit that generates both upright, loyal men and women who promote a positive school spirit that helps to generate achievement in scholastic and associated school activities. History Luray High School began operations in 1903. The school was located on Court Street (the facility was later be used by the page county government until 2014 when it was demolished for the construction of a new county government complex), and the building on Luray Avenue was constructed in 1930. Luray High School’s first principal was Mr. Thomas G. Hamilton. Until 1950 the Luray school housed eleven grades. Grade 12 was added in 1950. Until construction of a new elementary school in 1961, the Luray High School facility housed all school grades. Since the construction of Luray Elementary School the facility has housed grades 8-12. The gym complex and vocational complex were added in 1961. This allowed for a significant expansion of the curriculum. In 1981-82 extensive renovations took place. An updated and improved heating and ventilation system was installed. A new office complex, library, cafeteria, and music department was created to alleviate space needs. Additional space for instruction was created by the conversion of the Bradley house to the Art Department and adding two mobile units as two new classrooms. A new Art Building was created in 2001-02 when the previous building(Bradley House) caught on fire and was deemed unusable. In 2003 Luray High School celebrated the 100th Birthday of the school. In August 2006, the Page County Board of Supervisors approved construction of two new high schools in the county, with groundbreaking in November 2006. The building on Luray Avenue was transformed into Luray Middle School during the summer of 2009. The Luray Middle School building now houses grades 6-8. In 2009, a new, much larger, Luray High School building was constructed on the outskirts of the town on Leaksville of Luray. The school's new address is on Bulldog Drive, just south of Main Street southwestern portion of Luray. Luray High School houses grades 9-12 and has adopted block scheduling. The building will be dedicated on August 29, 2009, and the first day of school will be September 8. Despite the relocation of the school, Luray High School will still use Bulldog Field for its baseball and football games. The complex also has a track. Although for home cross country meets, they use the new course at the new high school. References External links Luray High School Page County Public Schools Sources: 1- http://eclipse.pagecounty.k12.va.us/lhs/index1.htm Category:Public high schools in Virginia Category:Schools in Page County, Virginia Category:Educational institutions established in 1903 Category:1903 establishments in Virginia

Succisa pratensis Succisa pratensis, also known as devil's-bit or devil's-bit scabious, is a flowering plant in the honeysuckle family Caprifoliaceae. It differs from other similar species in that it has four-lobed flowers, whereas small scabious and field scabious have five lobes and hence it has been placed in a separate genus in the same family. It also grows on damper ground. Name Species of scabious were used to treat scabies, and other afflictions of the skin including sores caused by the bubonic plague. The word scabies comes from the Latin word for "scratch" (scabere). The short black root was in folk tales bitten off by the devil, angry at the plant's ability to cure these ailments, in anger against the Virgin Mary, or as part of some 'devilish plot'. Description Succisa pratensis is a perennial herb up to 1m tall, growing from a basal rosette of simple or distantly-toothed, lanceolate leaves. Its unlobed leaves distinguish it from Knautia arvensis (field scabious). The plant may be distinguished from Centaurea scabiosa (greater knapweed) by having its leaves in opposite pairs, not alternate as in knapweed. The bluish to violet (occasionally pink) flowers are borne in tight compound flower heads or capitula. Individual flowers are tetramerous, with a four-lobed epicalyx and calyx and a four-lobed corolla. Male and female flowers are produced on different flower heads (gynodioecious), the female flower heads being smaller. The flowering period in the British Isles is from June until October. Distribution Succisa pratensis is common throughout most of the British Isles, western and central Europe, extending eastwards into central Asia. It is absent from eastern Asia. It has been introduced to eastern North America. Ecology It grows in wet or dry grassland and heath on acid or basic soils and is found in hedgerows, marshes, meadows and pastures. The flowers are visited by various types of insects, but especially frequently by hoverflies of the genus Eristalis. It is a good source of nectar and is the larval food plant of the marsh fritillary, the eggs of which are laid in groups on the underside of the plant, and the narrow-bordered bee hawk-moth (Hemaris tityus). As both invertebrates are rare, their survival relies on careful management of sites containing these plant and butterfly species. It is parasitized by the chytrid fungus Synchytrium succisae. Management The aim is to produce an uneven patchwork of short and long vegetation by the end of the grazing period, between . This is to allow the devil's bit scabious food plant to grow. This can be achieved through low intensity grazing (also known as extensive grazing) using cattle. Sheep are not so good as they are more efficient at removing wild plants. Gallery References External links The Plant Press Natural England Website Category:Articles containing video clips pratensis

Niagara Purple Eagles women's basketball The Niagara Purple Eagles women's basketball team is the college basketball team that represent Niagara University in Lewiston, New York, United States. The school's team currently competes in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference. History Niagara began play in 1974. They joined the MAAC in 1989. They have never made the NCAA nor WNIT tournaments. Their brief achievements came in regional AIAWs, such as winning the New York AIAW Championship in 1978 and 1980 and the Eastern AIAW in 1979, with a Third Place finish in the U.S. AIAW. They made it to the ECAC North title game in 1986, losing to St. Anslem's 77–65 and lost to Saint Peter's 66–38 in the 1997 MAAC title game. They have reached the second round of the MAAC tournament numerous times but have never won it. As of the end of the 2015–16 season, the Purple Eagles have an all-time record of 456–575. References External links *

Auburn National Bancorporation Auburn National Bancorporation, Inc. is a bank holding company. The Company’s business is primarily the management of the Auburn Bank, which is an Alabama state member bank. The Bank offers financial products and services including checking, savings, and lending. The bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (the “FHLB”). Its operation is regulated by the Federal Reserve and the Alabama Superintendent of Banks. History In 1907, Sheldon (Shel) L. Toomer, a successful businessman actively involved with community activities, established Bank of Auburn (now Auburn Bank) with his fellow merchants and faculty friends. The bank was located in the heart of downtown Auburn, which was an educational center in the early twentieth century. In 1964, the managers decided to change the bank's name to Auburn National Bank. In 1991, the Bank became a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (the “FHLB”), and in 1995, they changed the bank’s name again to Auburn Bank, which is also the bank’s current name. References External links Bank of America Category:Companies listed on NASDAQ Category:1907 establishments in Alabama Category:Financial services companies established in 1907 Category:Banks established in 1907 Category:Banks based in Alabama Category:Financial services companies of the United States Category:Online brokerages Category:Mortgage lenders of the United States

Marcówka Marcówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zembrzyce, within Sucha County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Zembrzyce, north-east of Sucha Beskidzka, and south-west of the regional capital Kraków. References Category:Villages in Sucha County

Slipped Disc Records Slipped Disc Records (which closed in 2008) was an American record store located in Valley Stream, New York, on Rockaway Avenue – owned/operated by Mr. Mike Schutzman – and was one of Long Island's longest running record stores. Specializing in heavy metal, punk, and hardcore CDs, records, DVDs, shirts, posters, pins, books, and other accessories, the store had also featured in-store autograph signing sessions with some of rock's biggest acts over the years. The store was featured in the documentary Get Thrashed, and an official website was launched for online shopping. Sip This (a coffee house) is now located where Slipped Disc Records used to be. History Slipped Disc Records opened in 1982, and according to an article in Metal Edge magazine, Schutzman reflected upon the store's early days, "There weren't many stores then that were specializing in metal, hardcore, and punk. We hit it at the right time, even though people told us it wasn't a good time." The store flourished by selling a wide variety of domestic and hard-to-find import albums and accessories as well as a large catalogue of used CD's and albums. Sadly, Slipped Disc closed its doors on April 19, 2008, after being open for over 25 years. Schutzman is still known to sell vinyl at record shows that cater to collectors and enthusiasts. Dream Theater drummer and veteran Slipped Disc shopper Mike Portnoy had some nice words and memories to say about the store in a posting at the Blabbermouth site the same day it closed. As of 2015, Schutzman organizes and oversees an ongoing record show in various locations in the northeast of the U.S., called Vinyl Revolution Record Show. Other information Some bands/artists that have done autograph signings at Slipped Disc include Mick Taylor (9 June 1990), Metallica, Slayer, Megadeth, Motörhead, Twisted Sister, Rob Halford, Ronnie James Dio, Zakk Wylde, Sepultura, and Merciless Death among others. Vintage pictures from autograph signing sessions can be viewed online at the official Slipped Disc site. On February 17, 2007, a 20-second commercial for Slipped Disc was aired four times on Headbangers Ball. A theater used to be located across the street from Slipped Disc, the Rio Theater, which featured performances in the early-mid 1980s by Slayer, Metallica, and Alcatrazz (with Yngwie Malmsteen), among others. It has since been demolished. Schutzman was interviewed for (and featured throughout) the 2015 book, Survival of the Fittest: Heavy Metal in the 1990's, by author Greg Prato. References External links Official Slipped Disc website Slipped Disc Spotlight in Metal Edge Magazine Pix of autograph sessions over the years Metalheads discuss their Slipped Disc memories Even more Slipped Disc memories Contact info/driving directions to Slipped Disc + 2 customer reviews Documentary on Slipped Disc Slip Disc Treatment in Mumbai Category:Music retailers of the United States Category:Online retailers of the United States Category:Defunct retail companies of the United States Category:Defunct companies based in New York (state) Category:Companies based in Nassau County, New York Category:Valley Stream, New York Category:Retail companies established in 1982 Category:Retail companies disestablished in 2008 Category:1982 establishments in New York (state) Category:2008 disestablishments in New York (state) Category:Media companies established in 1982 Category:Media companies disestablished in 2008

Vered Vered ( wéreḏ) is a Hebrew feminine given name, which means "rose." The name may refer to: People First name Vered Benami (born 1986), American singer/songwriter Vered Borochovski (born 1984), Israeli swimmer Vered Buskila (born 1983), Israeli sailor Vered Tochterman (born 1970), Israeli writer Surname Idan Vered (born 1989), Israeli football player Ilana Vered (born 1943), Israeli pianist Jerome Vered (born 1958), American writer and game show contestant Omer Vered (born 1990), Israeli football player Places Ein Vered, Israel Vered Hagalil, Israel Vered Yeriho, Israel See also Rose (given name) Shoshana Category:Hebrew words and phrases Category:Hebrew feminine given names Category:Hebrew-language surnames

Hutton Settlement District Hutton Settlement District is a historic district near Spokane, Washington. It was first listed on the NRHP in 1976 as Hutton Settlement. It had 15 acres with 12 contributing buildings and 4 contributing structures. It was expanded by 304 acres and renamed in 1994. History The Hutton Settlement is an orphanage institution founded and endowed by mining magnate Levi W. Hutton in 1919. Following much research and a nationwide tour of orphanages for inspiration on the best orphanage design and organizational structure, a settlement on a 111-acre plot was designed to function as a working farm with an administration building and four “cottages” on the campus. As an orphan himself, “Daddy Hutton” as he became known, took a great interest in all aspects of the Settlement and was very involved in the planning, building, administration, and operation of the facilities until his death in 1928. References Category:Tudor Revival architecture in Washington (state) Category:Spokane County, Washington Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington (state) Category:National Register of Historic Places in Spokane County, Washington External links Hutton Settlement Children’s Home Official Website

Felix Otto Dessoff Felix Otto Dessoff (14 January 1835 – 28 October 1892) was a German conductor and composer. Biography Dessoff was born to a Jewish family in Leipzig; his father was a cloth merchant. His musical talent was recognized by Franz Liszt, who then advised his family on his musical training. As a student at the Leipzig Conservatory from 1851–54, Dessoff studied composition, piano and conducting with some of the foremost teachers of the day, including Ignaz Moscheles for piano and Moritz Hauptmann and Julius Rietz for composition. On November 16, 1853, a symphony of his was performed by the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra; the following day he met Johannes Brahms, with whom he formed a lasting friendship and artistic relationship. It was as a conductor that he primarily established his reputation. His first conducting post was at Actien Theater in Chemnitz. After that, he was successively director of music in Altenburg, Düsseldorf, Kassel, Aachen and Magdeburg. In 1860 he was offered a position with the Vienna Court Opera. In 1860, the Vienna Philharmonic elected Otto Dessoff to be its subscription conductor, a position he held until 1875. The Vienna-based music critic, newspaper editor, and biographer Max Kalbeck wrote in 1908 that the fame and excellence of the Vienna Philharmonic resulted from Dessoff's "energy and sense of purpose." Dr Clemens Hellsberg, the president of the Vienna Philharmonic, specifies that during Dessoff's tenure with that orchestra its "repertoire was consistently enlarged, important organizational principles (music archives, rules of procedure) were introduced and the orchestra moved to its third new home [in which it still performs]. At the beginning of the 1870/71 season it began playing in the newly built Goldener Saal in the Musikverein building in Vienna, which has proved to be the ideal venue, with its acoustical characteristics influencing the orchestra's style and sound." In Vienna, beginning in 1861 Dessoff also taught composition at the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde (the forerunner of the Vienna Conservatory). His students included Artur Nikisch and Felix Mottl. Although he composed into the early 1860s, he gave up composing when his career as a conductor blossomed. During Dessoff's tenure with the Vienna Philharmonic, "Brahms was invited to dinner in his home after every Sunday concert - Frau Frederike [Dessoff's wife] was a good cook.". In 1875, Dessoff was "pushed out of his position in Vienna through intrigue" according to Styra Avins, but immediately found a new position as conductor (Hofkapellmeister) of the Badische Staatskapelle in Karlsruhe, Germany, succeeding Hermann Levi. In October, 1876 (circa the 11th), Brahms wrote to Dessoff hinting that he would like him conduct the first performance of his long-awaited Symphony no. 1, saying "It was always a secret, fond wish of mine to hear the thing for the first time in the small town which has a good friend, good conductor, and good orchestra". Dessoff was, according to Styra Avins, "overjoyed at Brahms's veiled request," and on November 4, 1876 the premiere took place with Brahms in attendance at the rehearsals and concert. In 1880, Dessoff was appointed to the newly created position of "First Kapellmeister" (Ersten Kapellmeisters) at the Frankfurt Opera; he inaugurated the newly completed opera house (now known as the Alte Oper) on 20 October 1880 with a performance of Mozart's Don Giovanni. Dessoff's close friendship with Brahms can be seen in an exchange of letters between the two in 1878 when Dessoff wished to dedicate what is probably his best known work, his String Quartet in F, Op. 7. Although it met with success in its premiere, Dessoff was still not sure it was worth publishing and sent the score to Brahms asking for his candid opinion and offering to dedicate to him. Brahms wrote back praising the work and said, "...you would do me a great honor by writing my name over the quartet title—if need be then, we'll take the blows together should the public find it not to their liking." Much gratified, Dessoff wrote back in a free and bantering way of the sort Brahms himself often penned, "...you will be relieved to see your name on the title page of the quartet preserved for posterity. When people have forgotten your German Requiem, people will then say, 'Brahms? Oh yes, he's the one to whom Dessoff's Op. 7 is dedicated!'" He composed a string quintet for 2 violins, viola and 2 cellos, Op. 10, several Lieder (songs) and a choral book. He died in Frankfurt in 1892, aged 57. His daughter, Margarete Dessoff, founded the Dessoff Choirs when she stayed on in New York City during a family visit there. References External links Dessoff Choirs at the Bach Cantatas Website Category:1835 births Category:1892 deaths Category:German classical composers Category:German Romantic composers Category:German conductors (music) Category:German male conductors (music) Category:German Jews Category:People from Leipzig Category:Jewish classical composers Category:19th-century classical composers Category:19th-century conductors (music) Category:German male classical composers Category:19th-century German composers Category:19th-century male musicians

1986 Guamanian balanced budget referendum A referendum on introducing balanced budgets was held in Guam on 1 November 1986. Although more voters voted "yes" than "no", the Santos Amendment had required that the referendum required at least 50% of all votes in favour to pass. As a result, the proposal was rejected. References Category:1986 referendums Category:1986 in Guam Category:Referendums in Guam Category:Tax reform referendums

Romano Schmid Romano Schmid (born 27 January 2000) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a attacking midfielder for Wolfsberger AC, on loan from Werder Bremen. Career While under contract with FC Red Bull Salzburg Schmidt played for its feeder club FC Liefering. In January 2019, he joined Bundesliga side Werder Bremen. One month later, on 5 February 2019, he was loaned out to Wolfsberger AC for the rest of the season. References External links Category:Living people Category:2000 births Category:Sportspeople from Graz Category:Austrian footballers Category:Association football midfielders Category:SK Sturm Graz players Category:FC Liefering players Category:SV Werder Bremen players Category:Wolfsberger AC players Category:Austrian Football Bundesliga players Category:Austria youth international footballers

Tour de Wallonie The Tour de Wallonie is a stage race cycling race on the UCI Europe Tour. It runs in Wallonia, the French-speaking part of Belgium in the end of July. Between 1974 and 1995 it was reserved to amateurs. Since 2005, the race has been organized as a 2.HC event on the UCI Europe Tour. The race will become part of the new UCI ProSeries in 2020. Winners References External links Category:UCI Europe Tour races Category:Cycle races in Belgium Category:Recurring sporting events established in 1994 Category:1994 establishments in Belgium Category:Sport in Wallonia

Psephology Psephology (; from Greek ) is a branch of political science, the "quantitative analysis of elections and balloting". As such, psephology attempts to scientifically explicate elections. Psephology uses historical precinct voting data, public opinion polls, campaign finance information and similar statistical data. The term was coined in 1948 in the United Kingdom by W. F. R. Hardie (1902–1990) after he was asked by his friend R. B. McCallum for a word to describe the study of elections; first written use in 1952. Social choice theory is a different field of study that studies voting from a mathematical perspective. Applications Psephology is a division of political science that deals with the examination as well as the statistical analysis of elections and polls. People who practice psephology are called psephologists. A few of the major tools that are used by a psephologist are historical precinct voting data, campaign finance information, and other related data. Public opinion polls also play an important role in psephology. Psephology also has various applications specifically in analysing the results of election returns for current indicators, as opposed to predictive purposes. For instance, the Gallagher Index measures the amount of proportional representation in an election. Degrees in psephology are not offered (instead, a psephologist might have a degree in political science and/or statistics). Knowledge of demographics, statistics, and politics are prerequisites for becoming a psephologist. Notable psephologists Notable psephologists include Antony Green; Malcolm Mackerras (who devised the Mackerras pendulum); Michael Barone, who has co-authored The Almanac of American Politics biennially since 1972; David Andrews, who since 1973 has led the Canadian network CTV's analysis and "calling" of dozens of federal and elections and referenda; Nate Silver, whose website FiveThirtyEight tracks U.S. voting trends; Canada's Éric Grenier at threehundredeight.com; David Butler and Robert McKenzie, who co-developed the swingometer; John Curtice, who has a strong track record of forecasting UK elections; Charlie Cook, publisher of The Cook Political Report; Thomas Ferguson, for his Investment theory of party competition; Indian academic V.C. Sekhar; William Bowe of the Australian Poll Bludger; Curtis Gans, author of Voter Turnout in the United States, 1788–2009; and Michael Gallagher who devised the Gallagher index. See also British Polling Council Electoral Calculus Electoral geography Opinion poll Political analyst Political data scientists Political forecasting Swing (politics) Types of democracy References Further reading William Safire. New Political Dictionary, Random House, New York 1993. External links 'Psephos' Dr. Adam Carr's Elections Archive International IDEA – International Organisation providing (amongst other things) statistical analysis of elections and electoral systems ACE Project – Information resource for electoral design and administration. Includes comparative data on elections and electoral systems

Tapio Pulkkanen Tapio Pulkkanen (born 21 May 1990) is a Finnish professional golfer. He had his first win on the Challenge Tour in 2017, taking the Kazakhstan Open. He finished first in the 2017 Challenge Tour Order of Merit to earn his European Tour card for 2018. He is noted for wearing a trilby hat. Professional career Pulkkanen turned professional in early 2013 and was runner-up in his first tournament on the Challenge Tour, the Challenge de Madrid in April. The remainder of 2013 and 2014 were disappointing with a best finish of 34th place. Pulkkanen played on the Nordic Golf League in 2015, won five events and headed the Order Of Merit. The return to the Challenge Tour in 2016 was again a disappointment with a best finish of 30th place. His 2017 Challenge Tour season started with a second place in the Turkish Airlines Challenge, followed up with another runner-up finish in the D+D Real Czech Challenge. Later in the year he had his first win, taking the Kazakhstan Open after a playoff with Chase Koepka. He finished first in the 2017 Challenge Tour Order of Merit to earn his European Tour card for 2018. In December 2017 Pulkkanen was tied for third in the Joburg Open, level with Shaun Norris. The event was part of the Open Qualifying Series, with three places available to the 2018 Open Championship. Norris received the entry because he had a higher world ranking, 192 to Pulkkanen's 197. Professional wins (6) Challenge Tour wins (1) Challenge Tour playoff record (1–0) Nordic Golf League wins (6) 2012 Teho Sport Finnish Open (as an amateur) 2015 NorthSide Charity Challenge, ECCO German Masters, Finnish Open, Made in Denmark European Tour Qualifier, Kristianstad Åhus Open Team appearances Amateur Eisenhower Trophy (representing Finland): 2010, 2012 St Andrews Trophy (representing the Continent of Europe): 2012 (winners) See also 2017 Challenge Tour graduates References External links Category:Finnish male golfers Category:1990 births Category:Living people

Baihe Baihe may refer to: Mainland China Counties Baihe County (白河县, lit. "White Creek"), Ankang, Shaanxi Towns Baihe, Guangdong (百合镇), town in Kaiping Baihe, Gansu (白河镇), town in Li County Baihe, Guangxi (百合镇), town in Heng County Baihe, Hebei (白合镇), town in Tang County Baihe, Mengjin County (白鹤镇), town in Henan Baihe, Song County (白河镇), town in Henan Baihe, Hubei (白鹤镇), town in Fang County Baihe, Shanghai (白鹤镇), town in Qingpu District Baihe, Sichuan (白合镇), town in Dongxing District, Neijiang Baihe, Zhejiang (白鹤镇), town in Tiantai County Townships Baihe Township () in Gansu Subdistricts Baihe Subdistrict (白鹤街道), a subdistrict of Qidong County in Hunan. Baihe Subdistrict, Ningbo (白鹤街道), a subdistrict of Jiangdong District in Ningbo prefecture-level city, Zhejiang. Baihe Subdistrict, Nanyang (白河街道), a subdistrict of Wancheng District in Nanyang prefecture-level city, Henan. Taiwan Baihe, Tainan (白河區) Other Baihe.com, a Chinese matchmaking company

Vysokovo, Kovrovsky District, Vladimir Oblast Vysokovo () is a rural locality (a village) in Kovrovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 10 as of 2010. References Category:Rural localities in Vladimir Oblast

Concord River (Maine) The Concord River is a tributary of the Androscoggin River in western Maine. The Androscoggin flows east and southeast to the Kennebec River near its mouth at the Atlantic Ocean. The Concord River begins at the outlet of Concord Pond in Woodstock and flows northwest through Milton into the town of Rumford, where it reaches the Androscoggin. See also List of rivers of Maine References Maine Streamflow Data from the USGS Maine Watershed Data From Environmental Protection Agency Category:Tributaries of the Kennebec River Category:Rivers of Maine Category:Rivers of Oxford County, Maine

Boronia filicifolia Boronia filicifolia is a plant in the citrus family, Rutaceae and is endemic to the far north-west of Australia. It is an erect or sprawling shrub with many branches, pinnate leaves with up to 55 leaflets and white to pink flowers with the sepals a similar length to the petals. Description Boronia filicifolia is an erect or sprawling shrub that grows to a height of with pinnate leaves that are mostly long and wide in outline with mostly between thirty and fifty five leaflets. The end leaflet is lance-shaped, long and wide and the side leaflets are longer, long and wide. The flowers are arranged singly or in groups of up to three in leaf axils. The four sepals and the four petals are white to pink and a similar length to each other, long, the sepals wide and the petals slightly narrower. The eight stamens are hairy. Flowering occurs from January to June and the fruit is a glabrous capsule about long and wide. Taxonomy and naming Boronia filicifolia was first formally described in 1863 by George Bentham from an unpublished description by Allan Cunningham and the description was published in Flora Australiensis from a specimen collected by Cunningham near York Sound. The specific epithet (filicifolia) refers to the fern-like leaves. Distribution and habitat Boronia filicifolia is a poorly-known plant that grows in heath and open woodland on sandstone and quartzite and occurs in the catchment of the Mitchell River and in the Port Warrender area of the western Kimberley region. Conservation Boronia filicifolia is classified as "Priority Two" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife meaning that it is poorly known and from only one or a few locations. References filicifolia Category:Flora of Western Australia Category:Plants described in 1863 Category:Taxa named by Allan Cunningham (botanist) Category:Flora of the Northern Territory

Energy in Brazil Brazil is the largest energy consumer in South America. It is the most important oil and gas producer in the region and the world's largest ethanol fuel producer. The government agencies responsible for energy policy are the Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME), the National Council for Energy Policy (CNPE), the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP) and the National Agency of Electricity (ANEEL). State-owned companies Petrobras and Eletrobras are the major players in Brazil's energy sector, as well as Latin America's. Overview Reforms of the energy sector At the end of the 1990s and the beginning of the 2000s, Brazil's energy sector underwent market liberalization. In 1997, the Petroleum Investment Law was adopted, establishing a legal and regulatory framework, and liberalizing oil production. It created the CNPE and the ANP, increased use of natural gas, increased competition in the energy market, and increased investment in power generation. The state monopoly on oil and gas exploration ended, and energy subsidies were reduced. However, the government retained monopoly control of key energy complexes and regulated the price of certain energy products. Current government policies concentrate mainly on improving energy efficiency in both residential and industrial sectors, as well as increasing use of renewable energy. Further restructuring of the energy sector will be one of the key issues for ensuring sufficient energy investments to meet the rising need for fuel and electricity. Primary energy sources Oil Brazil is the world's 12th-largest oil producer. Up to 1997, the government-owned Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. (Petrobras) had a monopoly on oil. More than 50 oil companies now are engaged in oil exploration. The only global oil producer is Petrobras, with an output of more than of oil equivalent per day. It is also a major distributor of oil products, and owns oil refineries and oil tankers. In 2006, Brazil had the second-largest proven oil reserves in South America after Venezuela. The vast majority of proven reserves were located in the Campos and Santos offshore basins off the southeast coast of Brazil. In November 2007, Petrobras announced that it believed the offshore Tupi oil field had between 5 and of recoverable light oil and neighbouring fields may even contain more, which all in all could result in Brazil becoming one of the largest producers of oil in the world. Brazil has been a net exporter of oil since 2011. However, the country still imports some light oil from the Middle East, because several refineries, built in the 1960s and 1970s under the military government, are not suited to process the heavy oil in Brazilian reserves, discovered decades later. Transpetro, a wholly owned subsidiary of Petrobras, operates a crude oil transport network. The system consists of of crude oil pipelines, coastal import terminals, and inland storage facilities. Natural gas At the end of 2017, the proven reserves of Brazil's natural gas were 369 x 109 m³, with possible reserves expected to be 2 times higher . Until recently natural gas was produced as a by-product of the oil industry. The main reserves in use are located at Campos and Santos Basins. Other natural gas basins include Foz do Amazonas, Ceara e Potiguar, Pernambuco e Paraíba, Sergipe/Alagoas, Espírito Santo and Amazonas (onshore). Petrobras controls over 90 percent of Brazil’s natural gas reserves. Brazil's inland gas pipeline systems are operated by Petrobras subsidiary Transpetro. In 2005, construction began on the Gas Unificação (Gasun pipeline) which will link Mato Grosso do Sul in southwest Brazil, to Maranhão in the northeast. China’s Sinopec is a contractor for the Gasene pipeline, which will link the northeast and southeast networks. Petrobras is also constructing the Urucu-Manaus pipeline, which will link the Urucu gas reserves to power plants in the state of Amazonas. In 2005, the gas production was 18.7 x 109 m³, which is less than the natural gas consumption of Brazil. Gas imports come mainly from Bolivia's Rio Grande basin through the Bolivia-Brazil gas pipeline (Gasbol pipeline), from Argentina through the Transportadora de Gas de Mercosur pipeline (Paraná-Uruguayana pipeline), and from LNG imports. Brazil has held talks with Venezuela and Argentina about building a new pipeline system Gran Gasoducto del Sur linking the three countries; however, the plan has not moved beyond the planning stages. Coal Brazil has total coal reserves of about 30 billion tonnes, but the deposits vary by the quality and quantity. The proved recoverable reserves are around 10 billion tonnes. In 2004 Brazil produced 5.4 million tonnes of coal, while coal consumption reached 21.9 million tonnes. Almost all of Brazil’s coal output is steam coal, of which about 85% is fired in power stations. Reserves of sub-bituminous coal are located mostly in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná. Oil shale Brazil has the world's second largest known oil shale (the Irati shale and lacustrine deposits) resources and has second largest shale oil production after Estonia. Oil shale resources lie in São Mateus do Sul, Paraná, and in Vale do Paraíba. Brazil has developed the world’s largest surface oil shale pyrolysis retort Petrosix, operated by Petrobras. Production in 1999 was about 200,000 tonnes. Uranium Brazil has the 6th largest uranium reserves in the world. Deposits of uranium are found in eight different states of Brazil. Proven reserves are 162,000 tonnes. Cumulative production at the end of 2002 was less than 1,400 tonnes. The Poços de Caldas production centre in Minas Gerais state was shut down in 1997 and was replaced by a new plant at Lagoa Real in Bahia. There is a plan to build another production center at Itatiaia. Electricity Power sector reforms were launched in the mid-1990s and a new regulatory framework was applied in 2004. In 2004, Brazil had 86.5 GW of installed generating capacity and it produced 387 Twh of electricity. As of today 66% of distribution and 28% of power generation is owned by private companies. In 2004, 59 companies operated in power generation and 64 in electricity distribution. The major power company is Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras (Eletrobrás), which together with its subsidiaries generates and transmits approximately 60% of Brazil's electric supply. The largest private-owned power company is Tractebel Energia. An independent system operator ( - ((ONS)), responsible for the technical coordination of electricity dispatching and the management of transmission services, and a wholesale market were created in 1998. During the electricity crisis in 2001 , the government launched a program to build 55 gas-fired power stations with a total capacity of 22 GW, but only 19 power stations were built, with a total capacity of 4,012 MW. Hydropower Brazil is the third largest hydroelectricity producer in the world after China and Canada. In 2007 hydropower accounted for 83% of Brazilian electricity production. The gross theoretical capability exceeds 3,000 TWh per annum, of which 800 TWh per annum is economically exploitable. In 2004, Brazil produced 321TWh of hydropower. The installed capacity is 59 GW. Brazil co-owns the Itaipu hydroelectric power plant on the Paraná River located on the border between Brazil and Paraguay, which is the world's second largest operational hydroelectric power plant with installed generation capacity of 14 GW by 20 generating units of 700 MW each. Due to Brazil's dependence on hydroelectric power and lack of investments in transmission, the reserves were being overused for several years, which led to the dams having a low level of water. Then after another bad year of rain, in June 2001, the government was forced to ration electricity usage, this ended in late 2001. Since then, due to the new rules of the sector, new power lines were built as were new power plants. While the load is even bigger than it was in 2001 the system is much safer. Nuclear energy Nuclear energy accounts for about 4% of Brazil's electricity. The nuclear power generation monopoly is owned by Eletronuclear (Eletrobrás Eletronuclear S/A), a wholly owned subsidiary of Eletrobrás. Nuclear energy is produced by two reactors at Angra. It is located at the Central Nuclear Almirante Álvaro Alberto (CNAAA) on the Praia de Itaorna in Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro. It consists of two pressurized water reactors, Angra I, with capacity of 657 MW, connected to the power grid in 1982, and Angra II, with capacity of 1,350 MW, connected in 2000. A third reactor, Angra III, with a projected output of 1,350 MW, is planned to be finished by 2014 and work has been paralyzed due to environmental concerns, but the licenses are being approved and the heavy construction work will start in 2009. By 2025 Brazil plans to build seven more reactors. In February 2008 President Lula da Silva signed a nuclear cooperation agreement with Argentina. Solar power according to ONS, total installed capacity of photovoltaic solar was 4.5 GW, with average capacity factor of 25%. Some of the most irradiated Brazilian States are MG ("Minas Gerais"), BA ("Bahia") and GO (Goiás), which have indeed world irradiation level records. Wind energy Brazil's gross wind resource potential is estimated to be about 140 GW, of which 30 GW could be effectively transformed into wind power projects. according to ONS, total installed capacity was 17.2 GW, with average capacity factor of 46%. While the world average wind production capacity factors is 24,7%, there are areas in Northern Brazil, specially in "Bahia" State, where we can find wind farms with average capacity factors over 60%. Indeed Brazil is the country with best average wind capacity factor. Biofuels Due to its ethanol fuel production, Brazil has sometimes been described as a bio-energy superpower. Ethanol fuel is produced from sugar cane. Brazil has the largest sugar cane crop in the world, and is the largest exporter of ethanol in the world. With the 1973 oil crisis, the Brazilian government initiated in 1975 the Pró-Álcool program. The Pró-Álcool or Programa Nacional do Álcool (National Alcohol Program) was a nationwide program financed by the government to phase out all automobile fuels derived from fossil fuels in favour of ethanol. The program successfully reduced by 10 million the number of cars running on gasoline in Brazil, thereby reducing the country's dependence on oil imports. The production and consumption of biodiesel is expected to reach to 2% of diesel fuel in 2008 and 5% in 2013. Brazil's peat reserves are estimated at 25 billion tonnes, the highest in South America. However, no production of peat for fuel has yet been developed. Brazil produces 65 million tonnes of fuelwood per year. The annual production of charcoal is about 6 million tonnes, used in the steel industry. The cogeneration potential of agricultural and livestock residues varies from 4 GW to 47 GW by 2025. Environmental damages Oil spill off the coast of Rio de Janeiro Starting from 8 November 2011 Chevron had spill of crude oil off the southeastern coast of Brazil. 416,400 liters oil leaked in two weeks from undersea rock well in the Frade oil project 370 km off the Brazilian coast. Prosecutors in Brazil demand $10.6bn in the legal suit. Chevron's activities are suspended until the cause of the oil spill is clear. Critics The Munduruku indigenous group in Pará state faced problems with the authorities who wanted to build hydropower plants on the Tapajós river without their permission. Further reading Silvestre, B. S., Dalcol, P. R. T. (2009) Geographical proximity and innovation: Evidences from the Campos Basin oil & gas industrial agglomeration — Brazil. Technovation, Vol. 29 (8), pp. 546–561. References

Carlos de Jesus Euzébio Carlos de Jesus Euzébio, known as Euzébio, (16 November 1951 – 11 March 2010) was a Brazilian football striker. Career Born in Santa Bárbara d'Oeste, Euzébio began playing football with hometown União Agrícola Barbarense Futebol Clube. He played one season with now-defunct Esporte Clube Vasco da Gama in Americana, São Paulo before joining Santos Futebol Clube in 1972. He won the Campeonato Paulista with Santos in 1973. Euzébio moved to Mexico in 1974, joining newly promoted Leones Negros. He would spend 10 years playing in the Mexican Primera División with Leones Negros, CF Monterrey and Club León. In 1985, he returned to Brazil where he finished his career with União Barbarense. Personal Euzébio died in an automobile accident in his hometown of Santa Bárbara d'Oeste at age 58. References External links Category:1951 births Category:2010 deaths Category:Brazilian footballers Category:Brazilian expatriate footballers Category:União Agrícola Barbarense Futebol Clube players Category:Santos FC players Category:C.F. Monterrey players Category:Club León footballers Category:Liga MX players Category:Expatriate footballers in Mexico Category:Association football forwards

Socialist market economy The socialist market economy (SME) is the economic system and model of economic development employed in the People's Republic of China. The system is based on the predominance of public ownership and state-owned enterprises within a market economy. The term "socialist market economy" was introduced by Jiang Zemin during the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1992 to describe the goal of China's economic reforms. Originating in the Chinese economic reforms initiated in 1978 that integrated China into the global market economy, the socialist market economy represents a preliminary or "primary stage" of developing socialism. Despite this, many Western commentators have described the system as a form of state capitalism. Description The economic reform toward a socialist market economy is underpinned by the Marxist framework of historical materialism. In the late 1970s, then-Chairman Deng Xiaoping and the Communist Party leadership rejected the prior Maoist emphasis on culture and political agency as the driving forces behind economic progress and started to place a greater emphasis on advancing the material productive forces as the fundamental and necessary prerequisite for building an advanced socialist society. The adoption of market reforms was seen to be consistent with China's level of development and a necessary step in advancing the productive forces of society. This aligned Chinese policy with a more traditional Marxist perspective where a fully developed socialist planned economy can only come into existence after a market economy has exhausted its historical role and gradually transforms itself into a planned economy, nudged by technological advances that make economic planning possible and therefore market relations less necessary. The socialist market economy is seen by the Communist Party of China as an early stage in the development of socialism (this stage is variously called the "primary" or "preliminary" stage of socialism), where public ownership coexists alongside a diverse range of non-public forms of ownership. The Communist Party of China maintains that despite the co-existence of private capitalists and entrepreneurs with public and collective enterprise, China is not a capitalist country because the party retains control over the direction of the country, maintaining its course of socialist development. Proponents of this economic model distinguish it from market socialism as market socialists believe that economic planning is unattainable, undesirable or ineffective and thus view the market as an integral part of socialism whereas proponents of the socialist market economy view markets as a temporary phase in development of a fully planned economy. Cui Zhiyuan traces the theoretical foundations of the socialist market economy to James Meade's model of liberal socialism in which the state acts as a residual claimant on the profits generated by state-owned enterprises that are operated independent of government management. Proponents initially advocated a socialist market economy as a necessary stage for the development of the economy to a point where a planned socialist economy would become possible. Recent Chinese leaders including Xi Jinping (General Secretary of the Party from November 2012) have described the building of the "socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics" as the goal without any reference to a post-market socialist economy. History After the Great Leap Forward (1958–1961) and the ousting of the Gang of Four from power in 1976, Chairman Deng Xiaoping (paramount leader from 1978 to 1989) refocused China's efforts on economic growth and on finding an economic system compatible with China's specific conditions. However, in doing so he remained committed to the Leninist model of centralized political control and a one-party state. Jiang Zemin originally introduced the term "socialist market economy" in 1992. He had coined the idea so that China could learn the lessons from advanced capitalist countries without needing to discuss if the reforms are "socialist" or "capitalist." Jiang had asked Deng Xiaoping if he had approved of the term, which he did. The Đổi Mới in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam later adopted the concept. Following its implementation, this economic system has supplemented the centrally planned economy in the People's Republic of China, with high growth-rates in GDP during the past decades having been attributed to it. Within this model, privately owned enterprises have become a major component of the economic system alongside the central state-owned enterprises and the collective/township village enterprises. The transition to a socialist market economy began in 1978 when Deng Xiaoping introduced his program of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Initial reforms in decollectivising agriculture and opening the economy to foreign investment in the late 1970s and early 1980s later led to large-scale radical reforms, including corporatization of the state sector, partial privatisation of some enterprises, liberalisation of trade and prices and dismantling of the "iron rice bowl" system of job security in the late 1990s. With Deng Xiaoping's reforms, China's GDP rose from some US$150 billion in 1978 to more than $1.6 trillion in 2004, with an annual increase of 9.4 percent. Analysis Many commentators and scholars have described China's economic system as a form of state capitalism, particularly after the industrial reforms of the 1980s and 1990s, noting that while the Chinese economy maintains a large state sector, the state-owned enterprises operate like private sector firms and retain all profits without remitting them to the government to benefit the entire population. This makes the rationale for widespread public ownership questionable as well as the applicability of the descriptor "socialist" and has led to concern and debate regarding the distribution of state profits. However, starting in 2017 as part of its state-owned enterprise reform program the central government began to encourage state-owned enterprises to start paying dividends to the government. Other reforms have transferred state-owned assets to social security funds to help finance pensions and the Shenzhen municipal government has proposed using their state-owned enterprises to finance a social dividend-type of system for its residents. Chinese economist Cui Zhiyuan argues that James Meade's model of liberal socialism is similar to China's socialist market economy and can be used to make sense of the model. Meade's model of market socialism involved public ownership of firms with independent management where the state acted as a residual claimant to the profits generated by its enterprises, but it did not exercise control rights over management and operations of its firms. The benefits of this model are that the state would have a source of income independent of taxation and debt, enabling a reduction of the tax burden on individual incomes and the private sector while promoting greater equality. Cui points to the Chongqing experience with municipal state-owned enterprises enabling high social expenditure alongside low taxes and extremely high rates of growth as validation of the socialist market economy model. The Chongqing model used state enterprise profits to fund public services including housing, providing the main source of public finance enabling it to lower its corporate tax rate (15% compared to the 33% national corporate tax rate) to attract foreign investment. Market socialism versus capitalism Julan Du and Chenggang Xu analyzed the Chinese model in a 2005 paper to assess whether it represents a type of market socialism or capitalism. They concluded that China's contemporary economic system represents a form of capitalism rather than market socialism because financial markets exist which permit private share ownership—a feature absent in the economic literature on market socialism—and because state profits are retained by enterprises rather than being distributed among the population in a social dividend or similar scheme, which are central features in most models of market socialism. They concluded that China is not a market socialist economy, but it is an unstable form of capitalism. Another analysis carried out by the Global Studies Association at the DePaul University in 2006 reports that the Chinese economic system does not constitute a form of socialism when socialism is defined as a planned economy where production for use has replaced production for profit as the driving force behind economic activity, or when socialism is defined as a system where the working class is the dominant class which controls the surplus value produced by the economy. The Chinese economy also does not constitute socialism in the sense of widespread self-management or workplace democracy. The study concluded that as of 2006 capitalism is not the dominant mode of organization either and it is instead partially a pre-capitalist agrarian system with almost 50% of its population engaged in agricultural work. As of 2015, Curtis J. Milhaupt and Wentong Zheng classify China's economic system as state capitalism because the state directs and guides all major aspects of the Chinese economy—including both the state and private sectors—while not collecting dividends from the ownership of its enterprises. They note that Chinese state-owned enterprises and privately owned enterprises share many similarities with respect to state subsidies, proximity to state power and execution of government policy objectives. Within the state sector, the emphasis is more on government control than on the ownership of assets. Proponents of the socialist market economy compare it to the New Economic Policy in Soviet Russia that introduced market-oriented reforms while maintaining state-ownership of the commanding heights of the economy. The reforms are justified through the belief that changing conditions necessitate new strategies for socialist development. According to Li Rongrong in 2003, chairman of the State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, China's socialist economic system is underpinned by the foundational role of public enterprise: Other Marxist analyses point out that because the Chinese economic system is based on commodity production, has a role for private capital and disempowers the working class, it represents a capitalist economy. Classical Marxists believe a socialist commodity economy (or a socialist market economy) is contradictory. Other socialists believe the Chinese have embraced many elements of market capitalism, specifically commodity production and privatisation, resulting in a full-blown capitalist economic system. Although many enterprises are nominally publicly owned, the profits are retained by the enterprises and used to pay managers excessively high salaries rather than being distributed amongst the population. Characteristics Enterprise and ownership types Public ownership in the socialist market economy consists of state-owned assets, collectively owned enterprises and the publicly owned shares of mixed enterprises. These various forms of public ownership play a dominant role in the socialist market economy alongside substantial private and foreign enterprises. There are a few major forms of state-owned enterprises in China today: State-owned enterprises: commercial enterprises established by either the central government or a local government, where managers are appointed by the government or public bodies. This category only includes wholly state-funded and managed firms. Most state-owned enterprises are not entities of the central government. Central government state-owned enterprises are subunits of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC). State-holding enterprises: state-holding, or state-controlled enterprises, are publicly listed firms where the state owns a large share or a controlling share within the firms, thereby exerting influence on the management of the firm. These include firms that receive foreign direct investment. State joint ownership enterprises: State sector The socialist market economy consists of a wide range of state-owned enterprises (SOE) that represent one form of public ownership. Beginning with the 1978 reforms, in the 1980s during the industrial reforms state enterprises were gradually corporatised and transformed into joint-stock corporations with the state retaining either full or majority ownership of their shares. By the early 2000s, most major SOEs in non-strategic sectors were listed on the Shanghai and Hong Kong stock exchanges and some SOEs adopted mixed ownership structures where the central government and various other state entities—including state banks, other SOEs, provincial and local governments—own varying degrees of the firm's listed shares alongside foreign and private shareholders. The result has been a highly diffuse form of public ownership where state-owned enterprises are owned by various different government entities, agencies and other state-owned enterprises. This makes gauging the true size and scope of the state sector difficult, particularly when SOEs with mixed ownership structures are taken into account. In 2013, the public sector accounted for 30% of the number of firms in China, but 55% of assets, 45% of revenue and 40% of profits. In 1996, China implemented a comprehensive series of industrial reforms termed "Grasping the large, letting go of the small". These reforms involved closing unprofitable state enterprises, merging smaller enterprises and privatization of other small-to-medium enterprises. Centrally owned SOEs were reformed into joint-stock companies with the aim of delegating more authority to SOE managers. SOEs at all levels shifted their primary focus to profitability and shed their social welfare function of providing social services and benefits to their workers in what was known as the "Iron Rice Bowl" system. The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) was formed in 2003 to oversee the management of the large centrally owned state enterprises. Modern SOEs are operationally very different from those in the 1990s. SOEs are much larger in size and fewer in number, with central government-owned SOEs clustered in "strategic sectors" including banking, finance, mining, energy, transportation, telecommunications and public utilities. By comparison, provincial and municipal level SOEs number in the thousands and are involved in almost every industry including information technology and automobiles design and production. State sector reform is an ongoing process in China. As of 2017, the Communist Party of China has rejected the Singapore model of Tamasek-style state investment companies for China's SOEs, where SOEs operate solely to maximize profits on a commercial basis. In particular, China maintains that centrally owned SOEs also pursue national and industrial policy objectives. As a result of recent reforms to increase profitability and unload debt, the government reported the profits of central government-owned SOEs rose by 15.2% in 2017. Despite becoming increasingly profitable, SOEs in China have not paid dividends to the state, causing some analysts question the rationale for public ownership in the first place. As part of SASAC's ongoing reforms, SOEs will now be encouraged and required to pay a higher portion of their profits as dividends to the state, with some state-owned assets being transferred to social security funds to help finance pensions for China's aging population. This is part of a broader reform effort of restructuring the state sector to become a source of finance for public services. As part of the SOE reform goals outlined in 2015 by SASAC, SOEs are to be classified as either commercial or public service entities, with the former being required to distribute a higher proportion of their profits as dividends. Dividend payments are set to rise from 5–15% to 30% by 2020. Private sector Privately owned enterprises (POEs) are recognized as one of the components of the socialist market economy alongside state, collective and individually owned enterprises. The private sector has played an increasingly large role since the adoption of the 1994 Company Law. Additionally, the boundary between public and private enterprises have blurred in China as many publicly listed firms are under mixed ownership by various state and non-state entities. Additionally, private sector firms that operate in industries targeted for growth often receive favorable loans and preferential government treatment while SOEs in non-strategic sectors might be exempt from subsidies. As an example, ZTE Corporation is a majority state-owned enterprise that was forced to rely on equity markets whereas its employee-owned private sector competitor Huawei is viewed as a "national champion" and therefore received major state funding from state banks. Like their state-owned counterparts POEs are expected to follow state policies and are subject to party control, suggesting that the distinction between public and private ownership is not a meaningful distinction to make for understanding China's economic model. As of 2015, state control and state-directed development (in both public and private sectors) is the overriding feature of the Chinese economic system that plays a more substantial role than the public ownership of assets. While the private sector has been accorded a role in the socialist market economy and has greatly increased in size and scope since the 1990s, the private sector does not dominate the Chinese economy. The exact size of the private sector is difficult determine in part because private enterprises may have a minority of their stock owned by state entities and because of different classification standards used for classifying enterprises. For example, in the first quarter of 2016 the National Bureau of Statistics of China reported fixed investment by private firms at 35% by wholly state-owned SOEs at 27%, with the bulk of the remainder belonging to non-wholly state funded limited liability corporations. Economic planning By the early 1990s, Soviet-type economic planning had been replaced with market relations and markets became the fundamental driving force in the socialist market economy, with the State Planning Commission being reformed into the National Development and Reform Commission in 2003. Indicative planning and industrial policies have substituted material balance planning and play a substantial role in guiding the market economy for both the state and private sectors. The planning system consists of three layers, with each layer using a different planning mechanism. Compulsory planning is limited to state-owned enterprises operating in strategic sectors, including research, education and infrastructure development plans. Compulsory planning outlines targeted outcomes and the supply of raw materials and financial resources needed. Contractual planning sets objectives and the overall means of achieving these goals and then negotiates with enterprises and local governments to establish detailed objectives and how resources are to be allocated to the targeted sectors. Indicative planning operates at the lowest level of the planning system, where the government outlines industrial targets and then uses market instruments (tax exemptions, subsidies and favorable bank loans) to induce firms in the targeted industry to meet these targets. See also Cooperative Corporatization Dirigism East Asian model of capitalism Economy of China Free market Market economy Market socialism Mixed economy New Economic Policy Public ownership Socialism in one country Socialism with Chinese characteristics Socialist-oriented market economy State capitalism References Bibliography Category:Socialism Category:Economy of China Category:Market socialism Category:Mixed economies Category:Ideology of the Communist Party of China Category:Jiang Zemin

Cement and its applications Cement and its Applications was founded over a hundred years ago and is a privately owned independent trade magazine dealing with the problems of production and application of cement in St. Petersburg, Russia, in all the newly independent states on the territory of the former USSR and in other countries of the world. The magazine, which is the only cement specialist Russian-language periodical, works in close co-operation with cement plants and holding companies, equipment manufacturers, producers of concretes, dry construction mixes and other cement products users, as well as with research and design institutes and institutions of higher education, all of those being its major subscribers. Great attention is paid to the problems of cement plants development, capital flow and economic issues of Russian and international industry. The magazine is distributed all over Russia, CIS countries and abroad. It is published bimonthly with news and analytical materials in English. Category:Russian business magazines Category:Professional and trade magazines Category:Magazines established in 1901 Category:Cement industry

La Salette of Quezon La Salette of Quezon is a private Catholic school managed by the Salettinian religious order in Quezon, Isabela. History History accounts say that the school (Secondary Dept.) started its operation on June 1960. After becoming successful in its high school department, the administrators decided to build the Elementary department. Our Lady of La Salette Our Lady of La Salette is the patroness and the name for the school. The Parish Church beside the campus was also named after La Salette since the school was originally owned by the Parish. It was in September 19, 1846 when the Virgin Mary appeared to two French children named Mélanie Calvat and Maximin Giraud in the mountain of La Salette in France. It was said that the Virgin Mary is speaking with tears, and told the two children that unless people repented she would be forced to let go the arm of her son because it had become so heavy. The Virgin Mary went on to complain that she had to pray ceaselessly to her son for them, but the people still worked during Sundays and blasphemed. Mary also spoke of coming punishments for these sins, including crop blights and famine. She confided a secret to each of the children, which they were not to divulge, although eventually these secrets were made known to Pope Pius IX. Finally she asked the children to spread her message before disappearing. The famous phrase from the Virgin Mary goes "Come near my Children, do not be afraid...". After the Apparition, only few people believed what the children saw and heard. The farmers who came into contact with the children where amazed at them. They were so ignorant, and yet they were able to transmit and communicate, in French, a complicated message which they did not understand well. As well, they were able to do this clearly and with precise descriptions. Mélanie Calvat and Maximin Giraud were constantly interrogated by curious people as well as their devoted ones. They simply said the same story, repeating it over and over. To those interested in going up the mountain, they take them to the place where Our Lady appeared. On several occasions, they were threatened with jail if they did not deny the alleged apparitions and if they continued to speak about them. Without fear or hesitation, they continued to report all the messages that Our Lady gave them. The Apparition was approved by the name Our Lady of La Salette by Pope Pius IX and verified the apparition of the Virgin Mary. Extra-curricular Extra-curricular is one of the three main factors that contribute in the computation of grades for Salettinians. Competitions and other activities including club participations are counted with corresponding points. Pupil Government Organization The Pupil Government Organization or PGO is the student government inside the campus for the Elementary Department. Central Board of Students The Supreme Student Government or SSG is the student government inside the campus for the high school department. The candidates are allowed to campaign but were given limited time. Campaign paraphernalia have to be located in the designated areas. The CBS Officers are determined by an Election with voters comprising all the high school students. Positions include President, Vice President, Secretary and more. Classroom Officers Each class are required to have their own Officers to represent the class for School meetings organized by the President of the Supreme Student Government. The classroom officers are responsible for the wellness and peacefulness of the class. Prayers The Prayer of Angelus is prayed on the school sound system which is a sign of the dismissal for the Morning class while The Memorare of Our Lady of La Salette is played on school sound system as a mark for afternoon dismissal. The 3 o'clock prayer is also played on the school sound system at exactly 3:00 pm. Celebrations Intamurals The Intramurals or sports Intramurals is usually celebrated every July. It is a one-day celebration starting with a Celebration of the Holy Eucharist and a Parade around the town led by the school Drum and Lyre Corps. The celebration starts in the morning and ends in the afternoon. Sports is the center of this celebration with the opposing teams compete with each other on different sport events. The intramural sports programs are often organized on the campus to promote competition and fun among the students. In the afternoon, unfinished games and categories are continued on the celebration of the Foundation Day. Foundation Day The celebration of the Foundation starts every September 16 and ends on September 19 marking the Anniversary of the Apparition of Our Lady of La Salette. The Foundation Day is the most awaited event in a school year. Buwan ng Wika The Buwan ng Wika is always celebrated in schools in the Philippines every August. The school promotes the usage of Filipino in the school campus during this month. At the last week of August, Competitions are always held. Some of these are Slogan Making Contest, Poster Making Contest. Nutrition Month Every July, La Salette of Roxas celebrates Nutrition Month. During the last week of Celebration, there are also Slogan and Poster Making Contest with a theme about Nutrition. There are also Cooking Competition and Quiz Bee wherein the questions are all about their TLE subjects. Others Rosary Month This is celebrated every October. Students are required to pray the Holy Rosary. Alay sa Belen During the month of December, students have to donate goods like used underwear, toys and basic commodities. Each section must earn their goods and they are being counted weekly with corresponding points. The section with the highest value of donations are announced to be the winner. The CBS officer is responsible in packing and distributing the rice, toys and canned goods etc. Notable alumni Priscilla Pangan Dr. John Donnie Ramos Atty. Eduardo Cabantac Daryl Gascon Lui Gascon Category:Schools in Isabela (province) Category:Catholic elementary schools in the Philippines Category:Catholic secondary schools in the Philippines

Greatest Hits (TV series) Greatest Hits is an American television program on the ABC network that aired from June 30 to August 4, 2016, featuring famous musical performers from the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. The show was hosted by Arsenio Hall and Kelsea Ballerini. Episodes All songs are listed in order of the episodes. References Category:2010s American music television series Category:2016 American television series debuts Category:2016 American television series endings Category:American Broadcasting Company original programming

NGC 3621 NGC 3621 is a field spiral galaxy about away in the equatorial constellation of Hydra. It is comparatively bright and can be well seen in moderate-sized telescopes. The galaxy is around across and is inclined at an angle of 25° from being viewed edge on. It shines with a luminosity equal to 13 billion times that of the Sun. The morphological classification is SA(s)d, which indicates this is an ordinary spiral with loosely wound arms. There is no evidence for a bulge. Although it appears to be isolated, NGC 3621 belongs to the Leo spur. This galaxy has an active nucleus that matches a Seyfert 2 optical spectrum, suggesting that a low mass supermassive black hole is present at the core. Based upon the motion of stars in the nucleus, this object may have a mass of up to three million times the mass of the Sun. Gallery References External links A Picture-perfect Pure-disc Galaxy — ESO Photo release. Category:Unbarred spiral galaxies Category:Field galaxies 3621 Category:Hydra (constellation)

Hélène Chatelain Hélène Châtelain is a French actress who appeared as "the woman" in Chris Marker's La Jetée (1962), and later worked with playwright Armand Gatti and Iossif Pasternak. She also is a writer, translator, and filmmaker (Goulag). Selected filmography Actress La Jetée (1962) Scenario / Direction Les Prisons aussi (1973) Le Lion, sa cage et ses ailes (1975) Un Poème, cinq films (1980) Nous ne sommes pas des Personnages historiques (1985) Irlande, Terre promise (1982) Maintenant, ça va… (1987) Pourquoi les Oiseaux chantent, Qui suis-je ? (1991) Nestor Makhno, paysan d’Ukraine (1996) Goulag (2000) References Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:French film actresses

Virtue (software) Virtue is a virtual session manager running under IBM's VM. The product Virtue , "virtual tube", was the first session manager commercially available for the VM environment on IBM mainframes. The product allows users to use a standard 3270 monitor to control multiple sessions, whether VM/CMS, DOS/VSE, z/VSE MVS, z/OS, or other operating systems or applications such as CICS, Westi, or DUCS sessions. Virtue runs as a highly privileged CMS task, designed to accommodate model IBM 3270 monitors and their descendants. Even after competition entered the market, the product remains known for its innovation, speed, and compact size. Development The product was developed by III (Independent Intelligence Incorporated) of Orlando, Florida. The software designer was Leigh Lundin. Although the package nominally ran as a highly privileged CMS session and utilized CMS services, it deployed an internal multitasking mechanism called a subvisor, which queued and prioritized tasks to be done. Macintosh versions prior to macOS and IBM's OS/2 came to use similar mechanisms for task control. Product development occurred at III offices within Westinghouse Automation Intelligence division, Orlando, Florida. Broad range in-depth testing was conducted at IBM's data center in Tampa, Florida and the IBM lab in Böblingen, Germany. Marketing Westinghouse Electric Management Systems, SA (WEMSSA), Paris, London, Geneva, Zürich, Munich, and Amsterdam, acquired the marketing rights, initially for Europe, Africa, and the Far East. Westinghouse Electric, Pittsburgh, subsequently acquired rights for the Americas. After release, a number of competing products entered the market, including MultiTerm and Computer Associates' vTerm, also known as vGraf. The concept found its way onto early PC platforms at the time, notably Apple Computer's Switcher for the Macintosh and subsequent products for the IBM PC. References Category:Process (computing) Category:IBM mainframe software Category:VM/CMS

Terry Serpico Terry Serpico (born June 27, 1964) is an American film and television actor. Background Serpico was born in Fort Sill in Lawton, Oklahoma. He was the youngest of three children. He became interested in acting after graduating from high school. He attended Boston University before transferring to and graduating from the State University of New York at Purchase in 1989. He has lived in Texas, Colorado, Germany, Georgia and Pennsylvania. He now lives in Charleston, South Carolina. He enjoys surfing and golf, and is an active Crossfitter. Career Serpico began his career as a stunt performer. In 1997, he was cast in his first major acting role in Donnie Brasco. In television, Serpico has guest-starred on such shows as Law & Order, CSI: Miami, Law & Order: Criminal Intent, and Person of Interest. He played Mickey Mantle in the ESPN miniseries The Bronx Is Burning. He has enjoyed a recurring role in Rescue Me, and a starring role as Col. Frank Sherwood in Army Wives. Filmography Film Cop Land (1997), as Tony Donnie Brasco (1997), as Strip Club Owner The Peacemaker (1997), as Sniper #1 Random Hearts (1999), as Evidence Technician Bringing Out the Dead (1999), as Cop #1 Frequency (2000), as Con Ed Worker Hannibal (2001), as Officer Bolton Company K (2004), as Sgt. Dunning The Interpreter (2005), as FBI Agent Lewis The Departed (2006), as Detective Tailing Queenan Find Me Guilty (2006), as Michael Kerry Michael Clayton (2007), as Mr. Iker Righteous Kill (2008), as Jon Van Luytens The Men Who Stare at Goats (2009), as Phil Driver Angel Camouflaged (2010), as Mr. Belial Man on a Ledge (2012), as Lutz The Purge: Election Year (2016), as Earl Danzinger Mine 9 (2019), as Zeke Light Wounds , as Donnie (Post-production) Faceless , as Dr. Klein (Post-production) Television Oz (1997–1998) – 2 episodes, one as an unnamed murder victim, and one as Freakie Third Watch (2000) – "This Band of Brothers", as Lofton 100 Centre Street (2001–2002) – 9 episodes Law & Order (2000, 2002) – "Dissonance" (2000), as Jay Brannigan; "Patriot" (2002), as Frank Miller Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (2000–2013) – "Closure" (2000), as Ron Johnson; "Rotten" (2003), as Les Cooper; "Quarry" (2005), as Deacon Brinn; "Military Justice" (2013) Law & Order: Criminal Intent (2001, 2003) – "The Extra Man" (2001), as Leslie Roche; "But Not Forgotten" (2003), as Earl Carnicki Rescue Me (2005–2010) – as recurring character Eddie Gavin Jonny Zero (2005) – pilot episode, as Leo The Path to 9/11 (2006) – two-part miniseries, as Pulaski Army Wives (2007–2013) – as Colonel Frank Sherwood; recurring character (season 1); main role (season 3–7) CSI: Miami (2007) – "Guerillas in the Mist", as Steve Lancaster Kidnapped (2007) – "Gone Fishing", as Virgil's Boss The Bronx Is Burning (2007), as Mickey Mantle Person of Interest (2012–2013) – 2 episodes, as Byron Unforgettable (2013), as Tucker Griffin aka Arnold The Carrie Diaries (2013–2014) – 4 episodes, as Sebastian's father; Mr. Kydd Blue Bloods (2014) – "Unfinished Business", as Major Harrison Criminal Minds (2014) – Wick Griffith Drop Dead Diva (2014) – 2 episodes, as Max Toblin Elementary (2015) – as Wallace Turk The Inspectors (2015–present) – as Mitch Ohlmeyer; main role Limitless (TV series) (2016) - 1 episode Designated Survivor (2017) – as Patrick Lloyd Star Trek: Discovery (2017) – as Admiral Brett Anderson Yellowstone (2019) – as Teal Beck References External links Interview with Terry Serpico at WickedInfo.com Category:1964 births Category:Living people Category:American stunt performers Category:American male film actors Category:American male television actors Category:State University of New York at Purchase alumni Category:Military brats Category:Male actors from Oklahoma Category:People from Fort Sill, Oklahoma

De Nederlandsche Bank De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB) is the central bank of the Netherlands. It is part of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). De Nederlandsche Bank is a public limited company (Dutch: naamloze vennootschap, abbreviated NV) whose every day policy is overseen by the Governing Board. Being an NV, DNB has a Supervisory Board (Dutch: Raad van Commissarissen). In addition, there is an advisory body called the Bank Council (Dutch: Bankraad). As a public entity the DNB has a function as both part of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) and an independent public body (Dutch: zelfstandig bestuursorgaan). As a part of the ESCB, DNB is co-responsible for the determination and implementation of the monetary policy for the Euro area, besides being a link in the international payment system. As an independent public body, DNB exercises prudential supervision of financial institutions. History On 2 May 1998, the European heads of state or government decided that the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) would begin on 1 January 1999 with eleven Member States of the European Union (EU), the Netherlands included. As from 1 June 1998, the Dutch central bank, De Nederlandsche Bank N.V., forms part of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). On the same day, the new Bank Act (of 1998) came into force. Nearly 185 years into its existence, the Nederlandsche Bank has entered a new phase. Tasks of De Nederlandsche Bank Under the 1998 Bank Act – replacing that of 1948 – the Bank has the following tasks: Within the framework of the ESCB, the Bank shall contribute to the definition and implementation of monetary policy within the European Community (EC). The Bank has the objective to maintain price stability. Without prejudice to this objective, the Bank shall support the general economic policy in the EC. The Bank shall hold and manage the official foreign reserves, and shall conduct foreign-exchange operations. The Bank shall collect statistical data and produce statistics. The Bank shall promote the smooth operation of payment systems; it shall take care of the banknote circulation. The Bank shall supervise banks, investment institutions and exchange offices. The Bank may, subject to permission by Royal Decree, perform other tasks in the public interest. The European Central Bank (ECB) may also ask the Bank to perform extra tasks. The first two tasks – also known as the ESCB tasks – ensue entirely from the Maastricht Treaty. Decisions in these areas are taken at the European level by the ECB Governing Council, on which the President of the Nederlandsche Bank has a seat. Promoting the smooth operation of payment systems has both a European and a national dimension. The statistical task is also partly ESCB-related and partly a national concern. The DNB is responsible for international macro-economic statistical analysis for countries outside the EU. These two tasks will not be transferred to ESCB level at the start of EMU. Here the Nederlandsche Bank remains fully in control. However, in a Europe where economies are becoming increasingly interlocked, many banking supervisory rules are drawn up at the international level. DNB serves as the banker's bank to general Dutch banks. One of the government appointed members of the Social-Economic Council is always a representative of DNB. List of Presidents of De Nederlandsche Bank See also Economy of the Netherlands European Central Bank Central Bank of Curaçao and Sint Maarten Central Bank of Aruba Euro Dutch gulden Netherlands Authority for the Financial Markets References External links Official site of De Nederlandsche Bank European Central Bank Dutch Bank Introduces "Climate Credit Card" Category:Banks of the Netherlands Category:Buildings and structures in Amsterdam Nederlandsche Netherlands Category:Banks established in 1814 Category:1814 establishments in the Netherlands Category:Naamloze vennootschappen

Karl von Ditmar Karl Bernhard Woldemar Ferdinand von Ditmar (sometimes Carl von Ditmar) ( in Vändra – in Tartu) was a Baltic German geologist and explorer, who travelled in and contributed to the scientific understanding of Kamchatka. Life and work Karl von Ditmar was born in Vändra, present-day Estonia as the son of jurist Woldemar Friedrich Carl Ditmar and Charlotte Ditmar, née Stackelberg. He studied at the University of Tartu in 1841–1847, where he befriended Leopold von Schrenck and Karl Maximovich, as well as Karl Ernst von Baer. Ditmar began studying agricultural science but after some time changed to mineralogy and geology under Otto Wilhelm Hermann von Abich and Hermann Martin Asmuss. After having graduated university with a master's degree, Ditmar in 1846–1848 travelled Europe and among other things attended lectures at the Freiberg Mining Academy in present-day Germany. In 1848 he returned to Russia and Saint Petersburg, and through his friendship with Leopold von Schrenck was introduced to Alexander von Middendorff at the Imperial Academy of Sciences. In 1851 Ditmar undertook a voyage to Kamchatka which would last until 1854, and there undertook important scientific investigations. His account of the travels in Kamchatka, published first in 1890, is still used by scientists involved in studies of Kamchatka. In 1855–1856, Ditmar also made a geographical survey trip in the area of the river Amur. He returned to Livonia in 1856 and settled in his estate at Käru, and in 1858 married Wilhelmina Stackelberg. The couple had four daughters. Selected writings Reisen und Aufenthalt in Kamtschatka in den Jahren 1851-1855.[Travel and stay in Kamchatka in the years 1851-1855] Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Russischen Reiches und der angränzenden Länder Asiens. [Contributions to Knowledge of the Russian Empire and Neighboring Countries of Asia] References External links Biography at the webpage of Kronotsky Reserve, Kamchatka Category:1822 births Category:1892 deaths Category:People from Vändra Category:People from the Governorate of Livonia Category:Baltic-German people Category:German geologists Category:Estonian geologists Category:German explorers Category:Estonian explorers Category:University of Tartu alumni

GRB 070125 GRB 070125 is a gamma-ray burst (GRB) that occurred on 2007 January 25. It is unique in that it did not occur in a galaxy, but in intergalactic space. This is unusual, since this type of GRB are caused by hypernovae of young massive stars, which usually means having to reside in a galaxy, as almost all stars are formed in galaxies, particularly high mass ones. It has a redshift of 1.55, which equals to a light travel distance of 9.5 billion years. It is theorized that the star formed in the tidal tail resulting from the interaction of two nearby galaxies, deep in intergalactic space. A month after it was detected, the Large Binocular Telescope observed a 26th magnitude optical afterglow from the gamma ray burst. References 070125 20070125 Category:January 2007 events

The Conman The Conman is a 1998 Hong Kong action comedy film directed by Wong Jing and starring Andy Lau, Athena Chu and Nick Cheung. Despite the Chinese title, which translates as Knight of Gamblers 1999, Andy Lau does not reprise his role as the "Knight of Gamblers" from the God of Gamblers series, which was also directed by Wong Jing. The film was followed by a sequel The Conmen in Vegas, which Lau and Cheung return with new cast members Natalis Chan, Kelly Lin, Meggie Yu and Alex Man. Plot When King stays overnight at his mistress' place, his pregnant wife Fanny discovers them and Fanny sadly leaves King. One time King and his assistant, Chung, were gambling cards with Chimney and Chimney finds out that they were secretly videotaping him, they start to fight. For self-defense reasons, King resorts to using a knife to kill Chimney, which not only leaves him colorblind, but also resulted in a five-year imprisonment for manslaughter. While in prison, King learns horse racing skills. Five years later, King is released from prison and a small-time gambler, Dragon, who always worship King, greets him when King's friend Uncle Leng tells Dragon to pick him up. King and Dragon become partners and they make money together from horse racing, which at that time King also meets Dragon's younger sister Ching. King discovers that Ching's fiance Raymond is a swindler (Raymond lies about going to college in the United States, when he is actually a swindler who cheats women out of their money). With the help from Dragon and Rocky, (whom King beat in billiards, later became his mentor), King stages a plan where they make Raymond think that he killed King forcing him to flee to Cambodia. After King helps Ching, he wins her love. At the same time, King is also looking for Fanny and his son. One day Rocky brings King to Macau Mon's gambling cruise boat and King is recognized by Handsome, who is Chimney's younger brother. On the boat, King also sees Chung, who lied to him by saying that after he went to prison, Fanny committed suicide by jumping off a building. When King finds Chung's residence, he finds out that after he went to prison, Fanny was taken care by Chung and his son Little King now lives with Chung. Later, when King is playing with his son, they encounter Handsome, who is seeking revenge and causes Little King to be injured and hospitalized. Handsome also kidnaps Fanny and Chung and blackmails King to help him get rid of his own boss Macau Mon. Macau Mon has invested a large number of stakes bet on the 1998 FIFA World Cup for the French team to win, and as long as they can create an image of the Brazilian Team winning during the time when several experts are gambling with cards, it will give Macau Mon a heart attack and allow Handsome to replace his medicine with poisoned water. After suffering from a big blow, King becomes depressed but is consoled by Ching. In order to save Fanny and Chung, King and Dragon hire an adult film director, Squirrel, to film some fake footage of the World Cup. After completing this, King decides to fulfill Ching's wish of traveling to Europe together and meets her at the bus station the next day. On the night of the World Cup final, King, Handsome, Winning Gary and Macau Mon are gambling cards while watching the live broadcast of the World Cup in which they bet on (King bets on Brazil while Macau Mon bets on France). At the same time on the other side, in order to create a false game screen performance of the horse cross to stimulate Macau Mon, they take the footage filmed by Squirrel which features anchor Lam Seung-wai and Dragon pretending as Ronaldo and other players to intersperse with the real broadcast. In the end, Brazil wins three to two against France, but in reality, France wins 3-0 against Brazil. After seeing this, Macau Mon suffers from a heart attack and dies. Just when Handsome thinks Macau Mon's casino belongs to him and is ready to get rid of King, Macau Mon unexpectedly stands behind him and points a gun at him. It turns out that during the card game, King gave a two of spades card to Macau Mon telling him the water is poisoned in order to help him. Macau Mon shoots and kills Handsome. In the end, King goes to the bus station the next morning to wait for Ching but King was unexpectedly run over by Dragon who was in a hurry. Cast Andy Lau as King Athena Chu as Ching Nick Cheung as Dragon Waise Lee as Handsome Jack Kao as Macau Mon Angie Cheung as Fanny Emotion Cheung as Chung Bonnie Law as King's mistress Lee Siu-kei as Winner Gary Frankie Ng as Rocky Karel Wong as Eastwood Ben Ng as Bad Temper / Chimney Wong Jing as Squirrel Lam Sheung Yee as Lam Seung-wai Alan Man as Raymond Chou Yeung Kin-wai as Angela Wong Kam-tong as Uncle Leng Aman Chang as man in toilet John Cheung as cop Gary Mak as cruise gambler Johnny Cheung as Bad Temper's gangster So Wai-nam as Bad Temper's gangster Eddie Che as Handsome's gangster Vincent Chik as Handsome's gangster Chow Man-sing as Handsome's gangster Tam Tin-po as woman in advertisement Yu Ka-ho Box office The film grossed HK$17,369,190 at the Hong Kong box office during its theatrical run from 18 December 1998 to 19 January 1999 in Hong Kong. Award nominations 18th Hong Kong Film Awards Nominated: Best Supporting Actor (Nick Cheung) See also Andy Lau filmography Wong Jing filmography External links The Conman at Hong Kong Cinemagic The Conman film review at LoveHKFilm.com Category:Hong Kong films Category:1998 films Category:1990s action comedy films Category:Hong Kong action comedy films Category:Films about con artists Category:Gambling films Category:Cantonese-language films Category:China Star Entertainment Group films Category:Films directed by Wong Jing Category:Films set in Hong Kong Category:Films shot in Hong Kong

Blood Red Summer "Blood Red Summer" is the second single and sixth track from Coheed and Cambria's second studio album, In Keeping Secrets of Silent Earth: 3. A video was recorded and received airplay on MTV, MTV2, and Fuse. The video was on the first preview disk packaged with the PlayStation Portable. The song peaked at 29 on the US Alternative Songs chart. Music video The music video of the song (directed by Marc Webb) begins with lead singer/guitarist, Claudio Sanchez, in a cabin in the woods. He is shown setting up alarms and booby traps such as trip wires and spot lights outside the cabin and constructing a fence to surround the cabin. All the while he sees fellow band members Travis Stever, Michael Todd, and Josh Eppard, only to suddenly close his eyes and then they are gone. Claudio is then shown sitting in a store room surrounded by shelves of canned food, batteries, and bottled water, eating Campbell's soup from the can. As he eats, the spot lights come on and Claudio rushes to the nearest window to see his band mates outside running through his traps. Travis, Mic, and Josh all have glowing, red eyes and move in staggered motions. While looking through a spacing in the wooden door, Claudio fires an arrow from a compound bow which hits Josh in the chest but barely fazes him. The three "infected" band members eventually break into the cabin and surround Claudio, attacking him. Claudio wakes up on the floor in front of a door and seems dazed. As his eyes open they are glowing red as well. The video ends with the four band members staggering off through the woods, possibly in search of their next victim. Single track listings CD "Blood Red Summer" (4:05) Song credits Performers Claudio Sanchez (Vocals/Guitar) Travis Stever (guitar) Michael Todd (bass) Joshua Eppard (drums/Backing Vocals) Producers Recorded at Applehead Studios in Woodstock, New York for Ill-Air Productions. Michael Birnbaum Chris Bittner Mastered by Roger Lian at Masterdisk Charts References External links Category:Coheed and Cambria songs Category:2004 singles Category:Music videos directed by Marc Webb Category:2003 songs Category:Columbia Records singles Category:American pop punk songs

1904–05 Primera Fuerza season Statistics of Primera Fuerza in season 1904–05. Overview Pachuca won the Mexican national championship for the first time in 1905, if only because their goal average (goal ratio) was better than that of British Club (Mexico City). A Mexican triumph this was not, however, as all of Pachuca's players were British, many of whom had gained experience playing in the English leagues. The champions' line-up included the three brothers "Stan", "Charly" and "Jack" Dawe, as well as outside right "Willie" Rule and wing half-back "Jack" Rabling. Goalkeeper Charles Quickmore was a priest and minister of the Protestant mine churches in Mexico. Orizaba, Mexican champions in 1903, could no longer play in the league as the travels involved would have been too long and would have taken too much time. League standings Top goalscorers Players sorted first by goals scored, then by last name. References Mexico - List of final tables (RSSSF) 1904-05 Mex Category:1904–05 in Mexican football

Learning through Landscapes Learning through Landscapes (LTL) is a UK charity which promotes children's outdoor activities through improved use of school playgrounds. Learning through Landscapes has been involved with a number of projects including: Supergrounds, The Scottish Play project and Polli:Nation These projects are funded from both grants and membership. Its patron is Sir David Attenborough, who in 2014 created their Basic Need film, this refers to the basic shortage of school places currently being experienced by schools. References External links Official website International School Grounds Alliance Category:Charities based in Hampshire Category:Children's charities based in the United Kingdom

Wellington Township, Renville County, Minnesota Wellington Township is a township in Renville County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 242 at the 2000 census. Wellington Township was organized in 1873, and named for Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.3 square miles (94.1 km²); 36.1 square miles (93.5 km²) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.6 km²) of it (0.61%) is water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 242 people, 85 households, and 70 families residing in the township. The population density was 6.7 people per square mile (2.6/km²). There were 93 housing units at an average density of 2.6/sq mi (1.0/km²). The racial makeup of the township was 98.35% White, 0.83% from other races, and 0.83% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.89% of the population. There were 85 households out of which 37.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 76.5% were married couples living together, 2.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.5% were non-families. 16.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.14. In the township the population was spread out with 27.3% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.5 males. The median income for a household in the township was $38,281, and the median income for a family was $46,875. Males had a median income of $30,313 versus $26,607 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,746. About 11.9% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.3% of those under the age of eighteen and 19.0% of those sixty five or over. References Category:Townships in Renville County, Minnesota Category:Townships in Minnesota

Hoshihananomia transsylvanica Hoshihananomia transsylvanica is a species of beetle in the genus Hoshihananomia of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1977. References Category:Beetles described in 1977 Category:Mordellidae Category:Endemic fauna of Romania

No-dig gardening No-dig gardening is a non-cultivation method used by some organic gardeners. The origins of no-dig gardening are unclear, and may be based on pre-industrial or nineteenth-century farming techniques. Masanobu Fukuoka started his pioneering research work in this domain in 1938, and began publishing in the 1970s his Fukuokan philosophy of "Do Nothing Farming", which is now acknowledged by some as the tap root of the Permaculture movement. Two pioneers of the method in the twentieth century included F. C. King, Head Gardener at Levens Hall, South Westmorland, in the Lake District of England, who wrote the book "Is Digging Necessary?" in 1946 and a gardener from Middlecliffe in the UK, A. Guest, who in 1948 published the book "Gardening Without Digging". The work of these gardeners was supported by the Good Gardeners Association in the UK. No-dig gardening was also promoted by Australian Esther Deans in the 1970s, and American gardener Ruth Stout advocated a "permanent" garden mulching technique in Gardening Without Work and no-dig methods in the 1950s and 1960s. This technique recognizes that micro- and macro-biotic organisms constitute a "food web" community in the soil, necessary for the healthy cycling of nutrients and prevention of problematic organisms and diseases. The plants transfer a portion of the carbon energy they produce to the soil, and microbes that benefit from this energy in turn convert available organic substances in the soil to the mineral elements the plants need to thrive. History Historically the reasons for tilling the soil are to remove weeds, loosen and aerate the soil, and incorporate organic matter such as compost or manure into lower soil layers. In areas with thin soil and high erosion there is a strong case against digging, which argues that in the long term it can be detrimental to the food web in the fragile topsoil. While digging is an effective way of removing perennial weed roots, it also often causes seeds that can remain dormant for many decades to come to the surface and germinate. The act of aerating the soil also increases the rate of decomposition and reduces soil organic matter. Digging can also damage soil structure, causing compaction, and unbalance symbiotic and mutualist interactions among soil life. Digging tends to displace nutrients, shifting surface organic material deeper, where there is less oxygen to support the decomposition to plant-available nutrients, which then need to be otherwise replenished. Digging is practised traditionally in regions with old, deep, rich soils such as Western Europe, where digging was followed by periodic resting of the soil, usually with an undisturbed cover crop. Methods No-dig methods allow nature to carry out cultivation operations. Organic matter such as well rotted manure, compost, leaf mold, spent mushroom compost, old straw, etc., is added directly to the soil surface as a mulch at least 5-15 centimeters (2–6 in) deep, which is then incorporated by the actions of worms, insects and microbes. Worms and other soil life also assist in building up the soil's structure, their tunnels providing aeration and drainage, and their excretions bind together soil crumbs. This natural biosphere maintains healthy conditions in the upper soil horizons where annual plant roots thrive. No-dig systems are said to be freer of pests and disease, possibly due to a more balanced soil population being allowed to build up in this undisturbed environment, and by encouraging the buildup of beneficial rather than harmful soil fungi. Moisture is also retained more efficiently under mulch than on the surface of bare earth, allowing slower percolation and less leaching of nutrients. Another no-dig method is sheet mulching wherein a garden area is covered with wetted paper or cardboard, compost and topped off with landscape mulch. A no-dig system is easier than digging. It is a long term process, and is reliant upon having plentiful organic matter to provide mulch material. It is also helpful to remove any perennial weed roots from the area beforehand, although their hold can be weakened by applying a light-excluding surface layer such as large sheets of cardboard or several thicknesses of spread out newspaper before adding the compost mulch. The newspaper or cardboard should be thoroughly wet to help it lie flat and keep it from blowing away until the overlying material is added. Australia Esther Deans wrote the books No-Dig Gardening and Leaves of Life. She actively travelled to teach about this gardening method, cooking and promoting raised gardens for those with special needs. She also taught about the necessity to maintain excellent water quality. Deans continued gardening until the age of 95. Around this time, Harper Collins publishers held a special honorary event for her in their Ryde offices as Esther had become Australia's most published author. As Deans grew older, she was assisted by Lucinda Bartram who helped her carry on the tradition of teaching no-dig gardening methods to others. Between the mid 1990s and 2009 Bartram, from Bondi and then Randwick, helped Deans reach the public and maintained the prolific 'no-dig' flowerbeds kept by Deans around her nursing apartment in the northern Sydney suburb of Waitara. The women shared many years co-teaching 'no-dig' gardening techniques to school children and freely sharing their knowledge together at garden fairs until 2009. Esther Deans inspired many famous gardeners, including Bill Mollison of the Permaculture Movement, although she said "it is not quite how I would do it", implying she did not allow nature to take over, but retained formality with strict garden edges and more annuals. Gardens fashioned on Esther Deans' no dig gardening principles include Randwick Community Organic Garden (RCOG), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. UK Since 1982 Charles Dowding has been practising no dig in his market gardens, on areas ranging from a quarter to seven acres. He has written seven books on gardening organically and without digging, and gives regular talks and courses on the subject. His methods centre on using compost as a mulch, rather than unrotted organic matter which tends to accumulate slugs in the damp, British climate. He encourages gardeners to be adaptable in their approach, according to local soil, conditions and crops grown. His own speciality is salad leaves for sale to local outlets and the plants grow well in undisturbed soil. See also Aquaponics Broadfork: A tool to aerate the soil without overturning Masanobu Fukuoka Macrobiotic agriculture: uses minimal tillage No-till farming Veganic gardening Sheet mulching Permaculture References Bibliography http://digital.slv.vic.gov.au/dtl_publish/pdf/marc/43/2045812.html External links Gardening Australia: Factsheet: Step-by-Step No Dig Making a No-dig Garden - Broken Link Growing without digging Broken Link Blossom end rot guide Category:Horticulture and gardening Category:Organic gardening ja:不耕起栽培

Sorbus vexans Sorbus vexans (known as bloody whitebeam) is a rare tree in the family Rosaceae. It is endemic to England. It is found along the coast between Culbone in Somerset and an area just west of Trentishoe in Devon. It can be seen in the Exmoor National Park. It is threatened by habitat loss. Description Sorbus vexans is a small tree or shrub, often with multiple stems. The leaves, greyish-white below like other whitebeams, are narrower than most other species in this genus. The fruits, which develop from September on, are deep red. References Category:Endemic flora of England vexans Category:Vulnerable plants Category:Environment of Somerset Category:Exmoor Category:Environment of Devon Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

Richard H. Tilly Richard Hugh Tilly (born 17 October 1932) is an American economic historian. Born to a family of German descent in Chicago, Richard Tilly studied history at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. From 1955 to 1957, he completed his military service largely in Germany, where he learned the language of his grandfather and, in 1960, married his wife Elisabeth, of Würzburg. After working for an insurance company, Tilly continued his studies, earning his Ph.D. in economics in 1964 from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, after two years of intensive research in Germany. After holding positions in Ann Arbor and Yale, he was appointed as director of the newly founded Institute for Economic and Social History of the University of Münster in 1966, which he directed until his retirement in 1997. Richard H. Tilly was an important advocate of the New Economic History developed in the late 1950s, which pursues economic history using economic theories and quantitative methods. Despite considerable resistance, Tilly paved the way for cliometrics in Germany. His research shaped an academic school — his students have occupied no fewer than seven professorships in Germany. Tilly's research focuses primarily on the themes of growth, financial institutions, and businesses; in addition, he made important contributions to various historical fields, including social and regional history, as well as the history of business cycles. Of his eight books, his classics Financial Institutions and Industrialization in the Rhineland, 1815-1870 (1966) and Kapital, Staat und sozialer Protest in der deutschen Industrialisierung (1980) deserve special mention. His concise historical overview of Germany's economic and social development Vom Zollverein zum Industriestaat: Die wirtschaftlich-soziale Entwicklung Deutschlands 1834 bis 1934 (1990) achieved great importance as a teaching text. Books Financial Institutions and industrialization in the Rhineland 1815-1870. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1966 Charles Tilly / Louise Tilly / Richard H. Tilly: The Rebellious Century: 1830-1930, Harvard: Harvard University Press, 1975, , 9780674749559 Richard Tilly / Paul J. J. Welfens (Hrsg.): Economic Globalization, International Organizations and Crisis Management: Contemporary and Historical Perspectives on Growth, Impact and Evolution of Major Organizations in an Interdependent World, Links Pressemitteilung der Universität Münster Toni Pierenkemper: Richard H. Tilly (1997) (PDF; 1,6 MB) Verleihung des Helmut-Schmidt-Preises 2009 an Richard Hugh Tilly References Category:21st-century American historians Category:1932 births Category:Living people

Erie Reader The Erie Reader is an Erie, Pennsylvania alternative weekly newspaper which focuses on local news, culture and entertainment. It was founded on March 28, 2011 by associates, Adam Welsh and Brian Graham. The Erie Reader is a free publication and is distributed bi-weekly in most neighborhoods throughout the Erie region on Wednesdays, with approximately 12,000 copies distributed to over 275 high foot-traffic locations. The Erie Reader is known for several of its annual issues including Erie’s 40 Under 40, I2E (Otherwise known as the Industry, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Issue) and their Best of Erie issue. Awards and recognition In 2014, the Erie Reader news staff received the Leadership Award from Erie Arts and Culture which "recognizes a business, government, or foundation that has exhibited long term support for arts and culture, OR whose work has had a significant impact on the region’s arts/cultural landscape OR has demonstrated a successful collaboration between an arts and cultural organization and business." References Category:Media in Erie, Pennsylvania Category:Newspapers published in Pennsylvania Category:Alternative weekly newspapers published in the United States Category:2011 establishments in Pennsylvania Category:Publications established in 2011

Lost Lake (California) Lost Lake is a lake in the Desolation Wilderness in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, south of Lake Tahoe in El Dorado County, California, United States. Not to be confused with Lost Lake Resort, California, which is near the Colorado River. Also not to be confused with the 'Lost Lake' off the Cajon Pass, also in California. See also List of lakes in California External links Lost Lake Watershed Category:Lakes of El Dorado County, California Category:Lakes of the Desolation Wilderness Category:Lakes of California Category:Lakes of Northern California

General Confederation of Workers (Mexico) The Confederación General de Trabajadores (General Confederation of Workers, CGT) was a federation of labor unions in Mexico. It was founded in February 1921 by anarchists, syndicalists and others on the far left who opposed the more moderate, pro-government Confederación Regional Obrera Mexicana (CROM). In particular, the founders of the CGT criticized the CROM's close relationship with the conservative American Federation of Labor (AFL). Unions split from the CROM, with 43 affiliating with the new CGT, but it was just a tenth the size of the CROM, with strength among textile workers. President Alvaro Obregón (1920-1924) favored the CROM, and his administration attempted to suppress the CGT. When Adolfo de la Huerta made a bid for the presidency in 1923 in an armed rebellion, some in the CGT supported him. Briefly after its formation, the CGT allied with the Mexican Communist Party (PCM), but disputes ended the relationship almost immediately. In the decades that followed, the CGT became increasingly anti-communist. The CGT remained far smaller than the CROM, and by the 1930s both federations were dwarfed by the Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM). See also Anarchism in Mexico References Further reading Carr, Barry. El movimiento obrero y la política en México,1910-1929. 2 vols. Mexico City: Secretaría de Educación Pública 1976. Category:National trade union centers of Mexico Category:Trade unions in Mexico Category:Trade unions established in 1921

Soledad Saieh María Soledad Saieh Guzmán (29 August 1972 – 29 August 2017) was a Chilean businesswoman, film producer, and cultural manager. Biography The daughter of businessman Álvaro Saieh and architect Anita Guzmán, Soledad Saieh was the second of five siblings. She studied at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile and earned a Master of Business Administration from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 2005 she completed postgraduate studies in arts and philanthropy at the Hayman Center for Philanthropy and Fundraising at New York University. She began her career working in various executive positions in her father's companies, serving as director at , executive president of the CorpVida group, and director of corporate social responsibility at CorpGroup Inmobiliaria. In 2002 she co-founded the CorpArtes Foundation, devoting herself fully to cultural management and serving as its executive director for seven years. She was a partner at two film production companies, FunkyFilms and Demente Producciones, contributing to the development and commercialization of films such as (2014) and (2016). She spearheaded the creation of the Santiago International Film Festival (where she acted as a patron for debuting directors such as filmmaker Pablo Larraín, whom she supported to finance and disseminate his film Fuga) and the Chile Arte Contemporáneo international art fair (Ch.ACO), which launched in 2009 in Santiago, along with gallery owners Irene Abujatum, Elodie Fulton, and Florencia Loewenthal. She was also a counselor at the Community Women's Institution, director of the ICARE Finance and Business Circle, and vice president and founder of the Chilean chapter of the National Museum of Women in the Arts. In her role as philanthropist, together with other businesspeople, she donated funds to to rent a Lockheed C-130 Hercules tanker aircraft to fight the 2017 wildfires in the central-southern zone of Chile. Soledad Saieh died on 29 August 2017, her 45th birthday, due to acute pulmonary edema that caused an infarction. She is buried in Santiago's Parque del Recuerdo. References Category:1972 births Category:2017 deaths Category:Chilean company founders Category:Chilean film producers Category:Chilean philanthropists Category:Chilean women in business Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni Category:New York University alumni Category:Pontifical Catholic University of Chile alumni Category:Women film producers Category:Women philanthropists

Pope John XI Pope John XI (; died December 935) was Pope from March 931 (at the age of 20) to his death in December 935. Parentage His mother was certainly Marozia, the most powerful woman in Rome. Yet the paternity of John XI became a matter of dispute. According to Liutprand of Cremona (Antapodosis, ii. c. 48) and the "Liber Pontificalis," his father was Pope Sergius III (904–911), ("Johannes, natione Romanus ex patre Sergio papa," "Liber Pont." ed. Duchesne, II, 243). Ferdinand Gregorovius, Ernst Dümmler, Thomas Greenwood (Cathedra Petri: A Political History of the great Latin Patriarchate), Philip Schaff, and Rudolf Baxmann agree with Liutprand that Pope Sergius III fathered Pope John XI. If that is true, John XI would be the only known illegitimate son of a Pope to have become Pope himself. (Silverius was the legitimate son of Pope Hormisdas). On the other hand, Horace Kinder Mann states: "Sergius at once declared the ordinations conferred by Formosus null; but that he put his two predecessors to death, and by illicit relations with Marozia had a son, who was afterwards John XI, must be regarded as highly doubtful. These assertions are only made by bitter or ill-informed adversaries, and are inconsistent with what is said of him by respectable contemporaries [such as Flodoard]." Reginald L. Poole, Peter Llewelyn (Rome in the Dark Ages), Karl Josef von Hefele, August Friedrich Gfrörer, Ludovico Antonio Muratori, and Francis Patrick Kenrick also maintain that Pope John XI was sired by Alberic I of Spoleto, Count of Tusculum. Pontificate His mother Marozia was the de facto Roman ruler at the time, resulting in his appointment to the Papacy. Marozia was thus allegedly able to exert complete control over the Pope. At the overthrow of Marozia around 932, John XI reportedly became subject to the control of Alberic II, his younger half brother. The only control left to the Pope was the exercise of his purely spiritual duties. All other jurisdiction was exercised through Alberic II. This was not only the case in secular, but also in ecclesiastical affairs. It was at the insistence of Alberic II that the pallium was given to Theophylactus, Patriarch of Constantinople (935), and also to Artold, Archbishop of Reims (933). It was John XI who sat in the Chair of Peter during what some traditional Catholic sources consider its deepest humiliation, but it was also he who granted many privileges to the Congregation of Cluny, which was later on a powerful agent of Church reform. See also Saeculum obscurum References Marozia External links Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Latina with analytical indexes Category:Popes Category:Italian popes Category:910 births Category:935 deaths Category:Illegitimate children of popes Category:10th-century popes

Jenő Károly Jenő Károly (15 January 1886 – 28 July 1926) was a Hungarian footballer and later manager born in Budapest. Outside his homeland he is particularly noted for being the first manager of Agnelli-era Juventus. As a player, Károly appeared for two local Budapest clubs, including the powerful MTK Budapest. He was renowned for having a very high goals-to-game ratio. He also represented his country a number of times, including at the 1912 Summer Olympics. Honours Player Club MTK Budapest Hungarian League: 1903, 1908 Hungarian Cup: 1910 Individual MTK Budapest Hungarian League Topscorer: 1903, 1905 References Category:MTK Budapest FC players Category:Hungarian footballers Category:Hungarian football managers Category:Juventus F.C. managers Category:1886 births Category:1926 deaths Category:Association football forwards

Matakaoa County Matakaoa County was one of the counties of New Zealand in the North Island. Severe Setbacks at Outset NB: This section is derived from text in available here at the New Zealand Electronic Text Centre. Matakaoa County was formed in 1919, and the first council meeting was held on 22 May 1920. George Kirk (chairman of Waiapu County) was appointed chairman. His associates were: C. I. B. Beckett, K. F. Reed, W. F. Metcalfe, A. E. Kemp, W. Walker, R. T. Kohere, H. McClutchie and A. L. Allan. The first clerk was A. Whitehead (later a Judge of the Native Land Court). Mr. Metcalfe succeeded Mr. Kirk as chairman in 1921, and, five years later, Mr. Reed took over the position. Upon Mr. Reed's death in 1929 Mr. Kemp became chairman. In 1921 D. J. McNaught was appointed clerk. Early in its career the county suffered heavy setbacks. It assumed a liability of NZ£15,000 (being part of the Waiapu County's main road and bridges loan) and another of £1,200 in connection with the Te Araroa jetty. Anticipating that the wharfage dues that would be provided by a freezing works that had just been built at Hicks Bay would meet the loan charges, it borrowed £30,000 and built a wharf there. However, the works was closed after the 1925–6 season. By then, the county had also raised several small loans for road works. The county's revenue was further adversely affected during the depression in the late 1920s and early 1930s. 40% of the county had not left the natives' hands, and only 20% was European freehold. As many of the residents were unable to meet their rating obligations, the council, in 1932, sought guidance from the Government. On 1 May 1933, the county was placed under C. H. Bull, of Gisborne, as commissioner, but the council was retained as a consultative body. Upon Mr. Bull's death in 1944 D. E. Chrisp, Gisborne, became commissioner, and, in 1946, his term was extended until 1950. The capital value of the county in 1946 was £586,298, compared with £1,045,712 in 1920. In 1878 there were 9 Europeans at Horoera, 6 at Te Araroa, and 3 at Matakaoa. The European population of the county in 1926 was 539 and the natives numbered 963. In 1945 the figures were 303 and 1,547 respectively, plus 3% as an allowance for residents away on war service. Biographical information NB: This section is derived from text in available here at the New Zealand Electronic Text Centre. Dr. Tutere Wi Repa (born at Pahaoa, Bay of Plenty) was a son of Ropiha Wi Repa and Ropata Wahawaha. He was educated at Te Kaha Native School and Te Aute College. A scholarship enabled him to enter the Medical School at Otago University. With Sir Peter Buck, a fellow-student, he shared pioneer Maori honours in graduating for the medical profession. He represented Te Aute, Otago University and Poverty Bay at Rugby and was prominent in tennis and other sports. Not only was he an excellent debater, but he was also a gifted writer on Maori history, customs and problems. After practising in the Dunedin Hospital and at Gisborne he moved to Te Araroa, where he ministered to the needs of widely scattered native communities, and where many of his well-earned fees could never be collected. He died on 25 October 1945. See also Counties of New Zealand References Category:Counties of New Zealand Category:Politics of the Gisborne District

Nagykarácsony Nagykarácsony is a village in Fejér county, Hungary. References External links Street map Category:Populated places in Fejér County

List of Italian films of 1971 A list of films produced in Italy in 1971 (see 1971 in film): References Footnotes Sources External links Italian films of 1971 at the Internet Movie Database 1971 Films Category:Lists of 1971 films by country or language

Daddy Cool (Boney M. song) "Daddy Cool" is a song recorded by Boney M. and included on their debut album Take the Heat off Me. It was a 1976 hit and a staple of disco music, and became Boney M.'s first United Kingdom hit. It was the second Boney M. single, released in 1976, without making any major impact at first. After a spectacular performance on the Musikladen TV show in September the single became a hit, topping most European charts. It reached number six in the United Kingdom charts and number 65 in the United States Billboard Hot 100. The single also topped the German charts and reached the Top 20 in Canada. It proved to be the major European breakthrough of the band. The song "Daddy Cool" was a novelty gimmick record with an unusual, percussive intro by producer Frank Farian doing rhythmic tic-tic-tics and playing on his teeth with a pencil. Farian also sang all male voice parts (Bobby Farrell always danced to full playback). His characteristic deep voice sings: "She's crazy like a fool..." and is answered by the bright voices of Liz Mitchell and Marcia Barrett: "...wild about Daddy Cool". This line has been misheard by listeners as "...what about Daddy Cool", so much that the band started singing it that way during live performances. The bass riff kicks in and builds to the instrumental theme followed by the repetitive, nursery rhyme-like verse and chorus twice. The song breaks down into a spoken passage by Farrell before it goes back into the bass riff and repeats the verse and chorus for the last time. With its slightly hypnotic, repetitive bassline and strings and likewise repetitive, bright female vocals, the track is highly typical of mid-1970s "Munich disco". The single Originally, Hansa Records wanted Boney M.'s cover of Bob Marley's "No Woman, No Cry" as the A-side of the single but Farian - seeing that his own song was the clear winner when testing both tracks in his discothèque in St. Ingbert – managed to persuade the record company to have it his way. In the US, Hungary and Japan (where the single wasn't released until November), the single was backed by the album track "Lovin' or Leavin'", in East Germany the record was released in 1977, backed by their next hit "Sunny". Belgium released 7" has a rare B-side version of "No Woman, No Cry" as the track does not fade out at the end but has a hard ending and thus runs slightly longer 5:03 instead the common 4:58. This rare version has so far not been released on CD. Charts and certifications Weekly charts Year-end charts All-time charts Certifications and sales In 1977, "Daddy cool" was awarded gold certification for sales in France, Germany and platinum record for sales in Benelux. 1986 anniversary recording Boney M.'s 10th anniversary was celebrated with a TV special and the album The Best of 10 Years – 32 Superhits. The original plans of releasing another single ("Dreadlock Holiday") from the group's final album Eye Dance were cancelled, instead producer Frank Farian recorded a new version of "Daddy Cool" in a special "anniversary recording", featuring rap parts, and new instrumental parts. The single, however, proved to be Boney M.'s worst-selling single, failing to chart anywhere. The B-side "B.M.A.G.O." appeared in a longer version on the 7" than on the 12" single. The 12" single also included an edit version of "Daddy Cool" which was not credited on the cover. The 7" version made its CD debut on The Collection (disc 2, track 1). Releases 7" Single ""Daddy Cool (Anniversary Recording '86)" – (Farian, Reyam, Farian, Bischof) 5:18 / "B.M.A.G.O." (Farian) – 4:10 (Hansa Records 107 994-100, 1986) 12" Single "Daddy Cool (Anniversary Recording '86)" Special Club Mix – 9:07 / Extended Radio Edit (Not credited on label) – 5:50 / "B.M.A.G.O." – 3:15 (Hansa 607 994-213, 1986) Boney M. 2000 version Following the successful Sash! and Horny United remixes of "Ma Baker", Frank Farian remixed "Daddy Cool" as a follow-up single. An all-new line-up Boney M. 2000 featuring three young girls and rapper Mobi T. was featured in the video and also announced to front a forthcoming remix album. This decision was not popular with the group's fan base, and Farian subsequently dropped the idea. "Daddy Cool" could not match the success of its predecessor, peaking only at no. 47 in the German charts. Charts 2001 Remix United Kingdom 2001 remix to support the album The Greatest Hits. Remixed by Jewel & Stone, the single peaked at no. 47 in the United Kingdom charts. Cover versions The song was covered by Latvian trio Melo-M featuring vocals by original Boney M. singer Maizie Williams on their 2007 album Singalongs. "Daddy Cool" was used in an advert for Vauxhall, promoting their Zafira GSi. The song was sampled by Korean hip hop band DJ Doc for their 2000 single "Run to You". See also Lists of number-one singles (Austria) List of European number-one hits of 1976 List of number-one singles of 1976 (France) List of number-one hits of 1976 (Germany) List of number-one songs in Norway List of number-one singles of 1977 (Spain) List of number-one singles and albums in Sweden List of number-one singles from 1968–79 (Switzerland) References External links Category:1976 songs Category:1976 singles Category:Boney M. songs Category:Songs written by Frank Farian Category:Song recordings produced by Frank Farian Category:Atco Records singles Category:Atlantic Records singles Category:Hansa Records singles Category:European Hot 100 Singles number-one singles Category:Number-one singles in France Category:Number-one singles in Germany Category:Number-one singles in Norway Category:Number-one singles in Spain Category:Number-one singles in Sweden Category:Number-one singles in Switzerland Category:Ultratop 50 Singles (Flanders) number-one singles

Fan Yunlong Fan Yunlong (Chinese: 范云龙; Pinyin: Fàn Yúnlóng; born 15 March 1989) is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for Guangzhou R&F in the Chinese Super League. Club career Fan Yunlong started his football career with hometown club Guizhou Zhicheng in 2008 and played in the China League Two with the club for three seasons. He then transferred to China League One side Shanghai East Asia after Guizhou Zhicheng failed to promote in the 2010 season. However, Guizhou Zhicheng bought Shanghai Pudong Zobon F.C.'s League One license on 28 January 2011, Shanghai East Asia agreed to let Fan return to Guizhou Zhicheng after nearly one month's negotiation. Fan scored four goals in 24 appearances in the 2011 season, however, Guizhou finished last place in the league and was relegated back to the third tier after they were beaten by Fujian Smart Hero 6-5 in a penalty shootout in the relegation playoffs. Fan chose to stay in the club for the 2012 season and scored 15 goals in 29 appearances as Guizhou finished first place in the third tier and won promotion back to the second flight. On 16 January 2013, Fan transferred to Chinese Super League side Guizhou Renhe. In December 2015, Fan returned to Guizhou Zhicheng on a one-year loan deal. He made a permanent transfer to Guizhou Zhicheng on 24 December 2016 after the club won promotion to the Chinese Super League. Fan transferred to fellow Super League side Guangzhou R&F on 22 January 2019 after Guizhou relegated to the second tier. Career statistics Statistics accurate as of match played 11 November 2018 Honours Club Guizhou Zhicheng China League Two: 2012 Guizhou Renhe Chinese FA Cup: 2013 Chinese FA Super Cup: 2014 References External links Category:Living people Category:1989 births Category:Association football midfielders Category:Chinese footballers Category:People from Guiyang Category:Footballers from Guizhou Category:Guizhou Hengfeng F.C. players Category:Shanghai SIPG F.C. players Category:Beijing Renhe F.C. players Category:Guangzhou R&F F.C. players Category:Chinese Super League players Category:China League One players

Växeln hallå "Växeln hallå" is a song written by Lasse Holm (music) and Gert Lengstrand (lyrics), and performed by Janne "Lucas" Persson ending up 2nd at Melodifestivalen 1980. The single peaked at 6th place at the Swedish singles chart. The song also stayed at Svensktoppen for ten weeks between the period of 30 March-1 June 1980, spending three weeks at the top. The song was also recorded as "Doctor hallo". Other recordings Swedish heavy metal band "Black Ingvars" recorded the song for their 1998 album Schlager Metal. Charts References Category:1980 singles Category:1980 songs Category:Melodifestivalen songs of 1980 Category:Songs written by Lasse Holm Category:Swedish-language songs Category:Songs written by Gert Lengstrand Category:Mariann Grammofon singles

Fruits (magazine) Fruits (stylized "FRUiTS") was a monthly Japanese street fashion magazine founded in 1997 by photographer Shoichi Aoki. Though FRUiTS covered styles found throughout Tokyo, it is associated most closely with the fashion subcultures found in Tokyo's Harajuku district. The magazine primarily focused on individual styles found outside the fashion-industry mainstream, as well as subcultures specific to Japan, such as lolita and ganguro, and local interpretations of larger subcultures like punk and goth. Content FRUiTS featured a simple layout, with the bulk of the magazine made up of single full-page photographs accompanied by a brief profile of the photographed person, which included their age, occupation, and a description of what brands they were wearing (if applicable), as well as their self-described "point of fashion" (style inspiration). Most issues included only a couple of advertisements, and typically only for local businesses. Occasional special-edition issues of FRUiTS also included more extensive profiles of frequently photographed people, or reader-created artwork. Worldwide reception FRUiTS helped lead Western interest in Japanese fashion as some of its photographs became first popular in the fashion community, then synonymous with Japanese fashion in the West. A selection of photographs from its earlier issues were showcased in the books Fruits (2001) and Fresh Fruits (2005), both published by Phaidon Press. An exhibition of Aoki's photographs for the magazine, developed by the Powerhouse Museum, has toured museums in Australia and New Zealand. Closure After 20 years and 233 issues, Shoichi Aoki announced in February 2017 that FRUiTS magazine would cease publication effective immediately because "there are no more cool kids to photograph". See also Japanese street fashion Japanese fashion as social resistance Street fashion Street photography References External links Official site The editor of FRUiTS magazine on the rise and fall of Harajuku, i-D Japan Photographer Shoichi Aoki on capturing Tokyo fashion, CNN Fruits Fan Community Fruits Exhibition at the Powerhouse in Sydney Category:1997 establishments in Japan Category:Japanese fashion magazines Category:Japanese monthly magazines Category:Japanese subcultures Category:Magazines established in 1997 Category:Magazines published in Tokyo Category:Shibuya

Ceromitia ochrotricha Ceromitia ochrotricha is a species of moth of the family Adelidae. It is known from South Africa. References Category:Adelidae Category:Endemic moths of South Africa

Yana Ranra (Apurímac) Yana Ranra (Quechua yana black, ranra stony; stony ground, "black stony ground", also spelled Yanaranra) is mountain in the Wansu mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is situated in the Apurímac Region, Antabamba Province, Antabamba District. Yana Ranra lies west of Paqu Qhawana, north of Quri Waraqa and south of Puka Urqu. South of Yana Ranra there is a small lake name Qiñwaqucha (Quechua for Polylepis lake, Queñuacocha) References Category:Mountains of Peru Category:Mountains of Apurímac Region

Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy and International Affairs The Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy and International Affairs (IFI) is located at the American University of Beirut (AUB). This independent institute develops policy research in the Arab region and provides a space for the exchange ideas. The Institute building gained international attention by winning a prestigious architecture award in 2016. Research The Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy and International Affairs (IFI) at the American University of Beirut (AUB) was founded through donations by Lebanese businessman and politician Issam Fares, who also served as Deputy Prime Minister of Lebanon. IFI aims to harness the policy-related research of AUB's internationally respected faculty in order to achieve several goals: to raise the quality of public policy-related debate and decision-making in the Arab World and abroad, to enhance the Arab World's input into international affairs, and to enrich the quality of interaction among scholars, officials and civil society actors in the Middle East and abroad. In the established tradition of AUB, IFI is a neutral, dynamic, civil, and open space where people representing all viewpoints in society can gather and discuss significant issues of the day, anchored in a long-standing commitment to mutual understanding and high quality research. IFI brings together and showcases in one place -physically and virtually on the web -the research of AUB scholars related to public policy and international affairs. IFI acts primarily as catalysts and connectors between AUB, other Arab scholars, and the global research and policy community. This includes collaborative work with colleagues around the region and the world, through ongoing and ad hoc partnerships with other universities, stand-alone think tanks, research centers, and institutions in the private and public sectors. IFI impacts on national and international policy issues through three principal means: 1. Generating high quality, policy-relevant research texts and analyses in formats that are credible to our varied target audience of policy-makers, bureaucrats, the mass media, scholars, business and civil society leaders, and opinion molders throughout society 2. Hosting public conferences, workshops and other gatherings that bring together policy officials, private sector and civil society leaders, scholars, students and the interested public for frank exchanges of views on timely issues, leading to more clarity and possible consensus on critical policies 3. Facilitating or hosting private gatherings that bring together individuals and groups in the fields of policy-making, civil society, the corporate world and scholarship. IFI targets multiple audiences with very different needs and interests: academic scholars, students, policy-makers, the mass media, civil society, the private sector, and other research centers in the Middle East and the rest of the world. IFI activities include the following: Conferences, workshops and symposia; visiting fellows (from a few days to a full year); guest lecturers and ongoing thematic lecture series; visiting researchers; panel discussions and debates; research projects that generate studies, papers, scholarly articles, books; a "working papers" series of articles by AUB and visiting scholars; short policy recommendations, analyses and briefs; opinion and analysis articles and interviews for the press; ad hoc white papers on timely issues; faculty and student exchanges, regionally and globally; internships; private meetings among scholars, activists and officials; an active website that pulls together all public policy and international affairs work at AUB. Architecture The American University of Beirut's (AUB) master plan requested a home for its new think tank that was in harmony with the rest of the campus, had minimal impact on the surrounding greenery, and preserved sight lines to the Mediterranean below despite its location on the upper part of campus. Architecture firm Zaha Hadid Architects won the University's design competition to create this building. Iraqi-British Zaha Hadid was a former AUB student. The Issam Fares Institute building is 3,000 square feet and made of fair-faced concrete, continuing Lebanon's 20th century construction culture. To reduce the building's footprint, the designers placed a reading room, workshop conference room, and research spaces in a 21-metre-long cantilever, leaving greenspace below. The cantilever acts as a sun shade and maintains a social space on campus. Designers incorporated the campus' intersecting routes to create a series of interlocking platforms with research and discussion spaces. Second-floor research rooms connect with the rest of the campus via a ramp surrounded by hundred-year-old ficus and cypress trees. The building's height matches the surrounding trees, integrating into its natural surroundings. Last in a series of buildings, the Institute completes an oval courtyard of the AUB's hilltop upper campus. The contemporary design is a piece of art, representative of its time and pushing the building materials to their physical limit. Described as radical and alien-looking, the design respects its traditional context. As the most modern, dramatic building on campus, the Institute is a controversial conversation piece. Designed to be happy and transparent, like the think tank it houses, the building not only provides space, it makes visitors think as they learn what it is. In 2016, the same year architect Zaha Hadid died, the building was one of six winners of the Aga Khan Award for Architecture. The award jury notes how the building fits many uses into a small footprint with contemporary architecture that differentiates itself from surrounding buildings while remaining in harmony with the rest of the campus. External links Site of the Issam Fares Institute on American University of Beirut website References Category:American University of Beirut

Ahklun Mountains The Ahklun Mountains are located in the northeast section of the Togiak National Wildlife Refuge in southwest Alaska. They extend southwest from the Kanektok and Narogurum Rivers to Hagemeister Strait and Kuskokwim Bay and support the only existing glaciers in western Alaska. They are the highest Alaskan mountain range west of the Alaska Range and north of the Alaska Peninsula: some summits in the range have many glaciers. To the west is the Kuskokwim River and to the east are the Bristol Bay lowlands. The Ahklun Mountains have many lakes, some more than deep. The mountains cover approximately 80 percent of the Togiak National Wildlife Refuge. The refuge also contains tundra and coastal plains. Environment The Ahklun Mountains are dominated by alpine tundra, heath, and barrens, while moist sedge-tussock meadows occur in valley bottoms. Black spruce forest occurs on some hills and ridges. Forests of white spruce, paper birch, and alder cover the low hills along the major rivers. Blackpoll warblers are common breeders in conifer stands in river valleys. Beaver are abundant, supporting a large annual harvest. Sockeye salmon are the most abundant fish. Chum, king, silver salmon, and rainbow trout are also numerous. The average annual precipitation ranges from , while the average annual temperature ranges from . The growing season extends approximately from May 15 to September 10. Glaciers The glaciers were first mapped by the U.S. Geological Survey, who used photogrammetry methods based on a 1972 series of aerial photos, revealing the presence of 116 glaciers. In 2006, 109 of these glaciers were resurveyed with the existence of 97 verified and 12 thought to have disappeared. This showed that over just three decades there had been a large decrease in the amount of land area covered by glacial ice in these mountains. The scientific community has long recognized the importance of glaciers as indicators of climatic change. In 2015, researchers analyzed aerial and satellite images from 1957, 1984, and 2009. They found that 10 out of 109 of the glaciers of the Ahklun Mountains originally mapped by the U.S Geological Survey in the 1970s had completely disappeared. They also compared the size of the glaciers using aerial photographs and satellite images and found that the glaciers had lost about 50 percent of their total area. At this rate of melting, they predict that all of the glaciers in the Ahklun Mountains will be gone by the end of this century. Geological evidence show that during the Pleistocene era there were repeated glaciations that have carved out a large number of valley troughs. On the eastern side, these troughs contain networks of glacial lakes, some that are over deep and are dammed by terminal moraines. On the southern and western side, the valleys are broader and are interspersed with rolling uplands pierced by rugged massifs. Lowlands In the lowlands, areas not reached by the glaciation, the principal geographic features are the moraines and ridges formed by thrusting ice. Notes External links Category:Landforms of Bethel Census Area, Alaska Category:Landforms of Dillingham Census Area, Alaska Category:Mountains of Unorganized Borough, Alaska Category:Mountain ranges of Alaska

Kuzovatovo (urban locality) Kuzovatovo () is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Kuzovatovsky District of Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia. Population: References Category:Urban-type settlements in Ulyanovsk Oblast Category:Sengileyevsky Uyezd

Categorical quantum mechanics Categorical quantum mechanics is the study of quantum foundations and quantum information using paradigms from mathematics and computer science, notably monoidal category theory. The primitive objects of study are physical processes, and the different ways that these can be composed. It was pioneered in 2004 by Samson Abramsky and Bob Coecke. Mathematical setup Mathematically, the basic setup is captured by a dagger symmetric monoidal category: composition of morphisms models sequential composition of processes, and the tensor product describes parallel composition of processes. The role of the dagger is to assign to each state a corresponding test. These can then be adorned with more structure to study various aspects. For instance: A dagger compact category allows one to distinguish between an "input" and "output" of a process. In the diagrammatic calculus, it allows wires to be bent, allowing for a less restricted transfer of information. In particular, it allows entangled states and measurements, and gives elegant descriptions of protocols such as quantum teleportation. Considering only the morphisms that are completely positive maps, one can also handle mixed states, allowing the study of quantum channels categorically. Wires are always two-ended (and can never be split into a Y), reflecting the no-cloning and no-deleting theorems of quantum mechanics. Special commutative dagger Frobenius algebras model the fact that certain processes yield classical information, that can be cloned or deleted, thus capturing classical communication. In early works, dagger biproducts were used to study both classical communication and the superposition principle. Later, these two features have been separated. Complementary Frobenius algebras embody the principle of complementarity, which is used to great effect in quantum computation, as in the ZX-calculus. A substantial portion of the mathematical backbone to this approach is drawn from Australian category theory, most notably from work by Max Kelly and M. L. Laplaza, Andre Joyal and Ross Street, A. Carboni and R. F. C. Walters, and Steve Lack. Modern textbooks include and . Diagrammatic calculus One of the most notable features of categorical quantum mechanics is that the compositional structure can be faithfully captured by a purely diagrammatic calculus. These diagrammatic languages can be traced back to Penrose graphical notation, developed in the early 1970s. Diagrammatic reasoning has been used before in quantum information science in the quantum circuit model, however, in categorical quantum mechanics primitive gates like the CNOT-gate arise as composites of more basic algebras, resulting in a much more compact calculus. In particular, the ZX-calculus has sprung forth from categorical quantum mechanics as a diagrammatic counterpart to conventional linear algebraic reasoning about quantum gates. The ZX-calculus consists of a set of generators representing the common Pauli quantum gates and the Hadamard gate equipped with a set of graphical rewrite rules governing their interaction. Although a standard set of rewrite rules has not yet been established, some versions have been proven to be complete, meaning that any equation that holds between two quantum circuits represented as diagrams can be proven using the rewrite rules. The ZX-calculus has been used to study for instance measurement based quantum computing. Branches of activity Axiomatization and new models One of the main successes of the categorical quantum mechanics research program is that from seemingly weak abstract constraints on the compositional structure, it turned out to be possible to derive many quantum mechanical phenomena. In contrast to earlier axiomatic approaches, which aimed to reconstruct Hilbert space quantum theory from reasonable assumptions, this attitude of not aiming for a complete axiomatization may lead to new interesting models that describe quantum phenomena, which could be of use when crafting future theories. Completeness and representation results There are several theorems relating the abstract setting of categorical quantum mechanics to traditional settings for quantum mechanics. Completeness of the diagrammatic calculus: an equality of morphisms can be proved in the category of finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces if and only if it can be proved in the graphical language of dagger compact closed categories. Dagger commutative Frobenius algebras in the category of finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces correspond to orthogonal bases. A version of this correspondence also holds in arbitrary dimension. Certain extra axioms guarantee that the scalars embed into the field of complex numbers, namely the existence of finite dagger biproducts and dagger equalizers, well-pointedness, and a cardinality restriction on the scalars. Certain extra axioms on top of the previous guarantee that a dagger symmetric monoidal category embeds into the category of Hilbert spaces, namely if every dagger monic is a dagger kernel. In that case the scalars form an involutive field instead of just embedding in one. If the category is compact, the embedding lands in finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. Special dagger commutative Frobenius algebras in the category of sets and relations correspond to discrete abelian groupoids. Finding complementary basis structures in the category of sets and relations corresponds to solving combinatorical problems involving Latin squares. Dagger commutative Frobenius algebras on qubits must be either special or antispecial, relating to the fact that maximally entangled tripartite states are SLOCC-equivalent to either the GHZ or the W state. Categorical quantum mechanics as logic Categorical quantum mechanics can also be seen as a type theoretic form of quantum logic that, in contrast to traditional quantum logic, supports formal deductive reasoning. There exists software that supports and automates this reasoning. There is another connection between categorical quantum mechanics and quantum logic, as subobjects in dagger kernel categories and dagger complemented biproduct categories form orthomodular lattices. In fact, the former setting allows logical quantifiers, the existence of which was never satisfactorily addressed in traditional quantum logic. Categorical quantum mechanics as foundation for quantum mechanics Categorical quantum mechanics allows a description of more general theories than quantum theory. This enables one to study which features single out quantum theory in contrast to other non-physical theories, hopefully providing some insight into the nature of quantum theory. For example, the framework allows a succinct compositional description of Spekkens' toy theory that allows one to pinpoint which structural ingredient causes it to be different from quantum theory. See also ZX-calculus Applied category theory References Category:Quantum mechanics Category:Category theory Category:Dagger categories Category:Monoidal categories