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Marr Residence The Marr Residence is a National Historic Site located in the Nutana neighborhood of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and was part of the original temperance colony that predated the city. Built in 1884 for stonemason Alexander "Sandy" Marr, it is the oldest building in Saskatoon on its original site. It was one of several houses requisitioned as a field hospital to treat wounded soldiers during the North-West Rebellion in 1885. When the hospital was closed in 1885 the home was returned to the Marr family. Although they left Saskatoon in 1889, the Marr family name remained associated with the house. The house remained a residential property until the 1970s. The Marr Residence was designated a municipal heritage property on January 11, 1982. It is noted for its blend of Second Empire and pioneer architecture, particularly its Mansard roof. The building is currently owned by the City of Saskatoon and run as a historic site by the Meewasin Valley Authority. On July 4, 2016, the Marr Residence was designated a National Historic Site. References External links Marr Residence Historic Site Heritage Society Webpage Marr Residence Tourism information about Marr Residence Category:Houses completed in 1884 Category:Buildings and structures in Saskatoon Category:Museums in Saskatoon Category:Historic house museums in Canada Category:Second Empire architecture in Canada Category:Heritage sites in Saskatchewan

Sanderling (disambiguation) A sanderling is a wading bird. Sanderling may also refer to: People Kurt Sanderling (19122011), German conductor Michael Sanderling (born 1967), German conductor and violoncellist, son of Kurt Sanderling Stefan Sanderling (born 1964), German conductor, son of Kurt Sanderling Thomas Sanderling (born 1942), German conductor, son of Kurt Sanderling Other USS Sanderling, several ships of the U.S. Navy See also Sanderling Beach Club, a historic building in Sarasota, Florida, United States

You've Changed "You've Changed" is a popular song written by Bill Carey with music by Carl Fischer in 1942. The melody features descending chromaticism. References External links Category:Jazz songs Category:1941 songs Category:Eva Cassidy songs Category:Songs written by Carl T. Fischer

Antonio Escalante Antonio Escalante (born June 3, 1985 in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico) is a Mexican professional boxer in the Featherweight division. Amateur career He is also a two time Golden Gloves champion. Pro career On September 18, 2010 Escalante lost to former champion Daniel Ponce de León in a WBO World Featherweight Title Eliminator. The Fight was televised by HBO as part of the Mosley vs. Mora undercard. References External links Category:People from Ciudad Juárez Category:Boxers from Chihuahua (state) Category:Featherweight boxers Category:1985 births Category:Living people Category:Mexican male boxers

South Suburban School (Main) South Suburban School (Main) was established in 1874. It was located at Hazra Pukur (now Jatin Das Park) in Kolkata, India. At that time it was known as South Suburban School, Kalighat. Pundit Sibnath Sastri was the first head-master. After a few years the school's name was changed to South Suburban School, Bhowanipur. The school was relocated to Govinda Bose Lane (its current location). The secondary building of the school was built in 1888 by an Italian engineer and its primary building was built in 1908. Asutosh College was established by the school. The school helps other schools including L.M.S. Institution (now known as South Suburban School (Branch), Sir Ramesh Mitra Balika Vidyalaya and Chakraberia High School. School anthem The national anthem of India is chosen as the anthem of the school. Campus The school is located at Gopal Banerjee Street. There are two buildings and each building has its own playground, the bigger one is known as Uniform The uniform of the school is a white shirt with ash colour shorts or trousers, white socks and black shoes. On Physical Education days a white trouser and white cades are worn instead. In winter navy blue sweaters are allowed. The school emblem of "S" is on the pocket of the shirt. Notable alumni Ashutosh Mukherjee, academic administrator Premendra Mitra, poet, novelist and short story writer Uttam Kumar, actor Rabi Ghosh, character artist and comedian Sisir Kumar Das, poet, playwright, translator, and scholar Tarun Kumar Chatterjee, actor Activities The school has an NCC curriculum having Army, Air and Naval wings. Students participate in the Republic Day March in Delhi. There is a cricket team which participates in the school level tournaments. The school has an organisation named "NatureLovers" that organises coastal trekking, jungle trekking, high altitude trekking, Traverse Himalayan Trekking Expedition, adventure cum nature study course, cycling expedition, tree planting, blood donation camps, free health checkup camps, and an environmental awareness program. The President of the Organisation is the Headmaster. External links List of Schools affiliated to West Bengal Board of Secondary Education in Kolkata Category:Boys' schools in India Category:Schools in Colonial India Category:High schools and secondary schools in West Bengal Category:Schools in Kolkata Category:Educational institutions established in 1874 Category:1874 establishments in India

Nathan Gregory Silvermaster Nathan Gregory Silvermaster (November 27, 1898 – October 7, 1964), an economist with the United States War Production Board (WPB) during World War II, was the head of a large ring of Communist spies in the U.S. government. It is from him that the FBI Silvermaster File, documenting the Bureau's investigation into Communist penetration of the Federal government during the 1930s and 1940s, takes its name. His wife, Helen and stepson, Anatole Volkov, were members of his ring. He was identified as a Soviet agent in the WPB operating under the code names Pel, Pal, "Paul" in the Venona decrypts; and as "Robert" both in Venona and independently by defecting Soviet intelligence courier Elizabeth Bentley. Background Silvermaster was born to a Jewish family in Odessa, Russia (present-day Odessa, Ukraine) in 1898. He moved with his family to China, where he learned to speak perfect English with a British accent. He emigrated to the United States and earned his B.A. from the University of Washington in Seattle (where he was "stated to be a known Communist") and a Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, where his thesis was entitled Lenin's Economic Thought Prior to the October Revolution. He became a naturalized American citizen in 1926. He was reported to be in contact with a very large number of Communist Party USA officials, and was active in a number of Communist front groups. Career Civil service From August 1935 to November 1938, Silvermaster worked in the Farm Security Administration. From November 1938 to July 1940, he worked on the Maritime Labor Board. From July 1940 to December 1944, he worked in the Department of Agriculture. While nominally remaining on the employment rolls of the Farm Security Administration, Silvermaster arranged in 1942 to be detailed to the Board of Economic Warfare. The transfer, however, triggered objections from military counter-intelligence who suspected he was a hidden Communist and regarded him as a security risk. On July 16, 1942 the U.S. Civil Service Commission recommended "Cancel eligibilities ... and bar him for the duration of the National Emergency." Silvermaster denied any Communist links and appealed to Under Secretary of War Robert Patterson to overrule the security officials. Both White House advisor Lauchlin Currie (identified in Venona as the Soviet agent operating under the cover name "Page") and Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Harry Dexter White (identified in Venona as the Soviet agent operating under the cover names "Lawyer"; "Jurist"; "Richard") intervened on his behalf. Silvermaster subsequently received two promotions and pay raises. From 1942 to 1945, he was also assigned to the United States Treasury. In mid-1945, he joined the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (later War Assets Corporation). In March 1946, he resigned from government. On August 28, 1950, Lee Pressman (a member of the Ware Group, a precursor to the Silvermaster and Perlo) said of Silvermaster, "I believe he was with the Maritime Labor Board when I was with the CIO, and in that connection I may have had some business dealings with him" (apparently referring to Silvermasters time with that union 1938–1940). Espionage: Silvermaster Group Kathryn S. Olmsted, the author of Red Spy Queen (2002), points out: "Every two weeks, Elizabeth would travel to Washington to pick up documents from the Silvermasters, collect their Party dues, and deliver Communist literature. Soon the flow of documents grew so large that Ullmann, an amateur photographer, set up a darkroom in their basement. Elizabeth usually collected at least two or three rolls of microfilmed secret documents, and one time received as many as forty. She would stuff all the film and documents into a knitting bag or other innocent feminine accessory, then take it back to New York on the train." Moscow complained that around half of the photographed documents received in the summer of 1944 were unreadable and suggested that Ullmann receive more training. However, Pavel Fitin, who was responsible for analyzing the material, described it as very important data. At the War Production Board, Silvermaster was able to provide the Soviet Union with a large amount of data on arms, aircraft, and shipping production. In June 1943, Silvermaster sent a War Production Board report on arms production in the United States, including bombers, pursuit planes, tanks, propelled guns, howitzers, radar and submarines, sub chasers, and the like, to Soviet intelligence. Then, in December 1944, the New York MGB office cabled another Silvermaster report stating: "(Silvermaster) has sent us a 50-page Top Secret War Production Board report ... on arms production in the U.S." In 1944, Silvermaster was associated with Harry Dexter White at the Bretton Woods conference, and his testimony before the US Senate Internal Security Subcommittee covers "175 pages of interrogation and exhibits" regarding his espionage activities in the U.S. The Silvermaster spy ring operated primarily in the Department of the Treasury but also had contacts in the Army Air Force and in the White House. Sixty-one of the Venona cables concern the activities of the Silvermaster spy ring. This represents 1% of the total (approx 6,000 cables) and 3% of the (2,000) translated/partially translated VENONA cables. Nathan Gregory Silvermaster, Chief Planning Technician, Procurement Division, United States Department of the Treasury; Chief Economist, War Assets Administration; Director of the Labor Division, Farm Security Administration; Board of Economic Warfare; Reconstruction Finance Corporation Department of Commerce Helen Silvermaster, wife Anatole Boris Volkov, stepson Solomon Adler aka Schlomer Adler, U.S. Department of the Treasury Norman Chandler Bursler, United States Department of Justice Anti-Trust Division Frank Coe, Assistant Director, Division of Monetary Research, Treasury Department; Special Assistant to the U.S. Ambassador in London; Assistant to the Executive Director, Board of Economic Warfare; Assistant Administrator, Foreign Economic Administration Lauchlin Currie, Administrative Assistant to President Roosevelt; Deputy Administrator of Foreign Economic Administration; Special Representative to China Bela Gold, Assistant Head of Program Surveys, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, United States Department of Agriculture; Senate Subcommittee on War Mobilization; Office of Economic Programs in Foreign Economic Administration Sonia Steinman Gold, Division of Monetary Research U.S. Treasury Department; U.S. House of Representatives Select Committee on Interstate Migration; U.S. Bureau of Employment Security Irving Kaplan, Foreign Funds Control and Division of Monetary Research, United States Department of the Treasury Foreign Economic Administration; chief advisor to the Military Government of Germany George Silverman, civilian Chief Production Specialist, Material Division, Army Air Force Air Staff, War Department, Pentagon William Henry Taylor, Assistant Director of the Middle East Division of Monetary Research, United States Department of Treasury William "Lud" Ullman, delegate to United Nations Charter meeting and Bretton Woods conference; Division of Monetary Research, Department of Treasury; Material and Services Division, Air Corps Headquarters, Pentagon Harry Dexter White, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury; Head of the International Monetary Fund Death He died on October 7, 1964, aged 65, possibly in Harvey Cedars, New Jersey. References External sources Christopher M. Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB (New York: Basic Books, 1999) Gregg Herken. Brotherhood of the Bomb. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2002. 746, 747, 748 Venona New York KGB to Moscow, May 25 1942 Data on construction and distribution of U.S. military aircraft. 1061, 0162, 1063 Venona New York KGB to Moscow, July 3, 1943, pg. 1 pg. 2 Numerical strength of the United States Army Air Forces. Richard C.S. Trahair and Robert Miller, Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations (New York: Enigma Books, 2008) . The Cold War International History Project (CWIHP) has the full text of former KGB agent Alexander Vassiliev's Notebooks, containing new evidence on Silvermaster's role in Soviet espionage in the United States FBI Silvermaster File 65-56402 (26,000+ pages) Silvermaster Group FBI FOIA (1,950 pages) Category:1898 births Category:1964 deaths Category:Cold War spies Category:Espionage in the United States Category:Venona project Category:Spy rings Category:Silvermaster spy ring Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni Category:University of Washington alumni Category:Imperial Russian emigrants to the United States Category:American people of Russian-Jewish descent Category:Jewish Chinese history Category:People from Odessa Category:American spies for the Soviet Union Category:American people in the Venona papers Category:Place of death missing Category:People from Harvey Cedars, New Jersey

Brutus (tragedy) Brutus is a tragedy in five acts by Voltaire. He began work on the play in 1727 in England and completed it in 1729. It premiered on 11 December 1730 in Paris. Composition The first part of the work was written in English at Wandsworth while Voltaire was in England, and it was completed on his return to France. Two and a half years passed before he considered it ready for the stage. Voltaire's lover Adrienne Lecouvreur was meant to play the role of Tullie, but she fell ill and died during rehearsals and had to be replaced by Mlle Dangeville. She was only sixteen years old, and her nervousness did not help the reception of the play. Action Voltaire drew his material from the legendary story of the first Roman Consul Lucius Junius Brutus (509 BC). His son, Titus, falls in love with Tullie, daughter of the last Etruscan king of Rome, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, and through this relationship is led into betraying Rome. The Senate hands Titus over to his father, who forgives him but insists on his execution to ensure the safety of the Republic. Critical reception When the play premiered at the Comédie-Française on December 11 1730, audience reaction was mixed. It was criticised for not adhering to the three unities and for the harsh attitude of the character of Brutus. Although the play was well-attended, it was taken off the stage after only fifteen performances. The openly republican theme of the play displeased the authorities, and Voltaire's enemies Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon and the Chevalier de Rohan were actively trying to turn the public against it. Voltaire left Paris to spend some time privately in Rouen. The play enjoyed a revival during the French Revolution, and the National Convention ordered a performance of Brutus on 2 August 1793 with free admission. in all there were 110 performances at the Comédie-Française between 1730 and 1799. Printed editions The first edition was printed in 1731 with Jean-François Josse in Paris, together with a Discours sur la Tragédie by Voltaire, dedicated to Lord Bolingbroke. Thirteen individual editions followed during Voltaire's life, and between 1790 and 1794 twelve further editions were added. References External links Brutus, Jean-François Josse, Paris, 1731 complete text of Brutus on Wikisource Literature on Brutus, Société des Etudes Voltairiennes performances of Brutus on CESAR Category:Voltaire Category:Plays by Voltaire Category:Tragedy plays Category:1730 in France Category:1730 plays Category:Cultural depictions of Lucius Junius Brutus

Demand flow technology Demand Flow Technology (DFT) is a strategy for defining and deploying business processes in a flow, driven in response to customer demand. DFT is based on a set of applied mathematical tools that are used to connect processes in a flow and link it to daily changes in demand. DFT represents a scientific approach to flow manufacturing for discrete production. It is built on principles of demand pull where customer demand is the central signal to guide factory and office activity in the daily operation. DFT is intended to provide an alternative to schedule-push manufacturing which primarily uses a sales plan and forecast to determine a production schedule. History It was created by John R. Costanza, an executive with operations management experience at Hewlett Packard and Johnson & Johnson. Costanza, who was later nominated as a Nobel Laureate in Economics (True, he is on the nomination list as Nobel Laureat for Economics) for Working Capital Management, founded the John Costanza Institute of Technology in Englewood, CO in 1984 to provide consulting and education services for manufacturers to implement the methodology. DFT uses applied mathematical methods to link raw and in-process materials with units of time and production resources in order to create a continuous flow in the factory. The objective is to link factory processes together in a flow and drive it to customer demand instead of to an internal forecast that is inherently inaccurate. Early adopters of DFT included American Standard Companies General Electric and John Deere (Deere & Company). In the early years, DFT was regarded as a method for "just-in-time" (JIT), which advocated manufacturing processes driven to actual customer demand via Kanban. It was introduced as a way for American manufacturers to adopt Japanese production techniques, such as Toyota Production System (TPS), whilst avoiding some of the cultural conflicts in applying Japanese business methods in an American company. Later, it has come to be seen as a lean manufacturing method that allows factories to implement techniques such as one-piece flow, TAKT-based line design, Kanban material management and demand-driven production. Demand Flow Technology is promoted as a method for any product, any day, any volume. In 2001, Costanza was awarded a patent for this approach for mixed-model manufacturing. Principles Demand-driven manufacturing The central tenet to DFT is the primacy of customer demand in daily execution of the operation. According to Aberdeen Group, "Demand driven manufacturing involves a synchronized, closed loop between customer orders, production scheduling, and manufacturing execution; all while simultaneously coordinating the flow of materials across the supply chain." [Aberdeen Group, 2007]. DFT is a pathway to achieve demand-driven manufacturing capability. It is used as a framework to guide the design, implementation and deployment of demand driven manufacturing in a repeatable form. In this way, it is similar original concept of Just-in-Time (JIT) that was first deployed in Japanese manufacturers using a foundation of total quality management. More recently, Just-in-time has been more commonly used to describe supplier delivery methods, rather than a production philosophy. DFT assumes basic process capability that can arise from TQM and statistical process control (SPC) principles and embeds it in a framework of management that can more easily achieve demand driven in a repeatable way. As a result, In-Progress and Finished inventories are all but eliminated, converted permanently into cash at full market value through much faster response to customer orders. Cash released from Working Capital in this way no longer has to be reinvested in inventory. It becomes available to retire debt, fund growth and innovation. Mixed-model production Mixed-model production is the production of a wide range of product models using a certain degree of shared resources and common material. It is commonly accepted that modern manufacturing places a greater pressure on producers for more choice in the product offering. Products are increasingly assembled from standard components and sub-assemblies, using machines and automated systems as well as manual labour. DFT is designed to handle this mix and provide a way to establish mixed-model production lines. A production schedule based on MRP will tend to cope with high product mix by allocating each model to a multiple of a shift or a day. This means that the whole product mix is supplied across a scheduling cycle of a multiple of weeks. This tends to extend the lead-time or increase dependency on the forecast. DFT offers “The ability to accommodate a range of volumes for any product, any day, based on the direction of actual customer demand”. Product synchronization The first tool to be used in a DFT implementation, product synchronization is a definition of relationship of processes in a flow to build a product. It takes the form of a diagram, usually created in pen and paper or whiteboard and formalized with a visualization program such as Microsoft PowerPoint or Visio. It displays how the processes relate to each other in a flow, with the conversion of raw material to finished goods. A process is defined by "A logical grouping of value-adding work performed to a common volume". Sequence of events (SoE) Each of the processes in the product synchronization requires a standard process definition. In DFT, the sequence of events provides this definition. In The Quantum Leap, written by Costanza, the sequence of events is defined as "[t]he definition of the required work and quality criteria to build a product in a specific production process." The SoE usually takes the form of a table with the product code, process ID, task description and sequence, required work and set-up time for machines and labour, and quality check criteria. The SoE intends to define times that are reasonable, realistic and repeatable to perform to the necessary quality. Many of the strengths and criticisms of DFT as a methodology stem from the SoE. The SoEs are the foundation of process definition but are not used as work instructions. To communicate standard work at the work center, operation method sheets are used. In an MRP systems environment, the SoE represents a drill-down from the routing that provides a tabular view of the Product Synchronization at the process level. A DFT manufacturer would therefore use the SoE as the master record of process definition and derive routings and ISO documentation from it. Operation method sheets These are visual description of work in motion, materials and the required quality check. In the purest form, operation method sheets are drawn in wire-frame to show the significant contours of the product form and clearly represent work in motion and quality without visual noise. The OMS has three stages of activity: total quality check, work, and verify. This establishes the concept where each operator checks the output quality of the operation immediately upstream. This can contribute to a total quality culture and parts-per-million capability. Mixed-model process map The sequence of events and product synchronization define how tasks and quality check compose the process for any given product. The mixed-model process map shows how products and processes form a requirement for resources. In such a map, the products and processes form a matrix with products as rows and processes as columns. At the intersection are most commonly actual times (standard times at the process from the sequence of events), but could also display yield and optionality ratios. Demand at capacity Demand at capacity is the volume of production for a single product item at capacity. It is a fixed value that defines the maximum daily rate of supply. The Demand-at-Capacity is often confused with the daily rate of production. In contrast to Toyota Production System, and many other lean manufacturing derivatives, a DFT line is designed for variable output rates according to daily demand. Thus, the demand data that are used for line design represent a limit quantity not an actual rate of supply. The relationship between the Dc and the average daily demand will be driven by the required service level of the product item to market demand. A higher service level will call for capacity that can supply a higher daily rate than the average over a long range. This will likely affect the resource productivity and inventory levels. A greater mix on the line is able to provide a higher level of service for any given level of resources and inventory. Effective hours The effective hours is the time available for a given resource to produce product or perform process set-up or changeover. It is defined per shift and represents the total available time to perform tasks set in the SoE. Non-productive time such as equipment maintenance, breaks, 5S activity and continuous improvement is deducted from effective hours. Setup time is included as it is arguably a form of productive time and calculations for batch size optimization and dynamic Kanban will require setup and run-time to be managed from a common pool of resource time. Takt & Operational Cycle-Time, OP c/t Takt-time is the ratio of time to volume at capacity and in DFT is expressed as Where HE is Effective Hours, S is the number of shifts and DC is the demand at capacity, a daily rate set for design purposes at some point 2 to 5 years into the future. This ratio can be expressed for finished products at the end of the line and is referred to as Takt-Time. It can also apply at the process where bill of material relationships, process yield and optionality can affect the dependent volume for any given Dc at the finished goods level. At the process level, this ratio is known as operational cycle-time. Takt time is typically used to calculate the "line design" or number and disposition of physical resources required to produce a given mix and volume of products that changes on a daily basis according to customer demand. Uniquely to DFT Takt time is constant, based on a fixed mix and product volume which is set for factory design purposes 2 to 5 years into the future. This allows for a stable "line design" that does not need to change on a daily basis. Daily changes in mix and volume are accommodated in DFT by adjusting the number of people working in production. Those not required to meet the Daily Rate (Dr) are free to spend quality time in training and continuous improvement activities. Weekly scheduling cycles to achieve level-loading of mix and volume, which cause significant planning delays, are eliminated. It becomes possible to produce any product on any day in response to real customer demand making possible a true Demand Flow. As a result, In-Progress and Finished inventories are all but eliminated, converted permanently into cash at full market value through much faster response to customer orders. Cash released from Working Capital in this way no longer has to be reinvested in inventory. It becomes available to retire debt, fund growth and innovation etc. Material Kanban DFT shares a conventional definition of material Kanban based on a visual signal to replenish a point of consumption with required material. A typical material Kanban system in DFT is "Single Card, Multiple Container" and enables card or container quantities to be consumed and replenished without shortages. Material Kanban provides an alternative to kitting as a way of issuing material to the production floor. A DFT environment will strive to simplify the definition of warehouse locations for material and reduce the number of transactions required to control the flow of material during production. The aim of Material Kanban is to connect the material flow with actual requirement at the process and provide a more robust availability of parts to production whilst reducing the response-time to the customer. Production Kanban Production Kanban is designed for a replenishment quantity that may be smaller than a lot size or batch. It is based on a "dual card Kanban" system where a "move" card or container represents the quantity required by the downstream point of consumption and a "produce" card is kept on a display board and accumulates to a replenishment batch. Demand-based management Demand-based management is an approach that defines tolerance capability for demand in order to unify material and production planning under conditions of demand uncertainty. It uses "flex fences" to set the upper and lower boundaries of supply against a definition of the current daily rate of demand. The current rate is usually some kind of smoothed average and will move over time. The flex-fences will be different for different product items or groups and should be calculated individually. Order policies, purchasing, inventory and production capacity will all be set against these flex fence boundaries, so these calculations will sit at the heart of operations planning. Unfortunately, this is a calculation-intensive and critical process that is largely unsupported by MRP/ERP systems. The lack of system tools and clash with conventional MRP planning routine are primary reason why demand-based management has not had the same level of adoption experienced by the rest of the DFT principles. Value and results Companies that implement DFT are typically looking for an improvement in the response to customer demand. This is reflected in the lead-time or replenishment time for finished product and will affect the level of inventory that is held to buffer response requirements. Effective response to demand can be described as a distribution curve, with some orders taking longer to fill than others. The result is variation and uncertainty in the manufacturer’s ability to serve the market. Working capital is required to hedge this response lag and uncertainty. DFT aims to reduce both the variation and duration of response to demand. This can be seen as a more capable fulfillment that provides a higher level of customer service at a lower level of working capital. The intended results are improvement in delivery performance together with increased cash-flow and return on working capital. Applications Demand flow technology is applicable in a wide range of product environments and has been successfully deployed in many different industries. Companies who have embraced demand flow technology include John Deere, , Flextronics, American Standard Companies, Trane, AstraZeneca and many others. It has a strength in those manufacturing operations that are expected to supply a high mix to an unpredictable and volatile market. It is often seen as the science behind flow manufacturing for discrete manufacturers, whose products do not naturally flow across the manufacturing processes. Advantages and criticisms Advantages It is simple Demand flow technology provides a simple, logical method based on applied mathematics. The technique is based on simple operators of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division so it does not rely on advanced mathematics. It is repeatable DFT forms a step-by-step guide to converting production from a scheduled-push to a demand-pull and flow system. Although it is applicable to a wide range of products, the steps are consistent and work in the same way. It does not depend on the judgment of an expert in the same way as lean or Six Sigma and can be taught to a broader audience through short training workshops. It is effective At its heart, DFT formalizes the natural flow of material, processes and information required to build a product. It is not so much an invented technology as a description of the optimal way to align a factory towards customer demand. It is customer-centric DFT places the customer at the center of the operation. It enables companies to formalise a customer-centric view with practical tasks and actions that guide behaviour in the organisation. It moves the concept of customer-driven to an achievable plan of action beyond a statement of philosophy. It aligns business and customer goals The concept of maximizing shareholder value is often seen as a conflict with the quality of customer service. Demand Flow Technology, if applied correctly, can unify financial and customer objectives in a holistic approach to managing operating capital and growing a business. Criticisms It is constrained to the factory Demand flow techniques have been widely applied to the factory, yet have failed to gain widespread acceptance in corporate management. All too often, it tends to be limited to production planning whilst operations and material planning continue to be dominated by use of ERP/MRP systems. The holistic ideal of demand flow may be fractured by this conflict. It is unsupported by systems Major ERP/MRP vendors have largely ignored the advantages of Demand Flow techniques, or been acquired before their products have had a chance to gain market share. The advocates and users of Demand Flow have largely failed to challenge the inadequate logic that conventional MRP uses for planning capacity and production resources As a result, manufacturers are forced to rely on an outdated routine for planning that is largely unchanged since the 1960s. It requires process definition and discipline DFT aims to apply a standard process definition of product to daily requirements of demand. This favours processes that are capable and defined to the task level. This is sometimes a level of detail and discipline absent from the organisation. The creation and maintenance of Sequence of Events documentation involves extensive manual work. There are powerful advantages to quality and capability in performing this work, but success usually depends on management commitment to change beyond the narrow actions of a DFT implementation. References Category:Supply chain management Category:Workflow technology Category:Lean manufacturing

Miracle Wood Stakes The Miracle Wood Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race held in February at Laurel Park Racecourse in Laurel, Maryland. The Miracle Wood is open to three-year-olds and is run at seven furlongs on the dirt. An ungraded stakes, it currently offers a purse of $100,000. The Miracle Wood is also one of Maryland's triple crown prep races. The winner of the race typically moves on to compete in the Private Terms Stakes held in March at Laurel Park Racecourse as well, but winners have also ventured to New York and Kentucky for their next races. The race was named in honor of Miracle Wood, a champion Maryland bred colt that won many races and accolades. In 2008,the race was shortened from one mile to the current distance of seven furlongs. During the first eleven years of the race (1993–2003), it was run at a distance of miles (8.5 furlongs). In 2006, Sweetnorthernsaint set a record winning margin of ten lengths. He went on to win the Illinois Derby that year and was the post time favorite in the 132nd Kentucky Derby. A local horse based at Laurel Park Racecourse, Sweetnorthernsaint became a millionaire and placed second in the state's biggest race, the Preakness Stakes. Records Speed record: 7 furlongs - 1:23.22 - The Lumber Guy (2012) 1 mile - 1:36.75 - Extrasexyhippzster (2014) miles - 1:43.00 - Gimmeawink (2003) Most wins by an owner: no owner has the Miracle Wood Stakes more than once Most wins by a jockey: 4 - Mario Pino (1997, 2002, 2006 & 2007) 3 - Julian Pimentel (2008, 2012 & 2014) Most wins by a trainer: 3 - Michael Trombetta (2006, 2007 & 2014) Winners of the Miracle Wood Stakes since 1995 See also Miracle Wood Stakes "top three finishers" Pimlico Race Course References External links Laurel Park website Category:1995 establishments in Maryland Category:Triple Crown Prep Races Category:Laurel Park Racecourse Category:Horse races in Maryland Category:Recurring sporting events established in 1995

Summer Heat Beach Volleyball Summer Heat Beach Volleyball is a beach volleyball video game released by Acclaim in 2003 for the PlayStation 2 gaming console. Gameplay Summer Heat follows the basic rules of the sport of beach volleyball. Two teams of two players each face off in a sectioned-off area of sand that serves as the playing area. One player serves the ball, and play begins. The objective is to land the ball on the ground within the play area of the other team's side. Players alternate hitting ("volleying") the ball, up to three volleys per turn, and the ball must travel over the net no later than the third hit. The game supports up to four players, though the use of a multitap accessory is required for three and four player games. Summer Heat is styled similarly to other arcade-style volleyball games of the era, where there is an emphasis on the sex appeal of the bikini-clad female characters as well as having the overall tone and atmosphere of a summer beach party. Music Summer Heat's soundtrack features music from Pink, Sum 41, Kylie Minogue, Sprung Monkey, Freshmaka, and Suburban. Reception The game was released during a period where volleyball video games were experiencing a period of renewed popularity for the first time in many years, although it received considerably less hype and critical praise than its contemporaries Beach Spikers, Dead or Alive Xtreme Beach Volleyball, and Outlaw Volleyball. It currently has a score of 68.09% on GameRankings and 65 out of 100 on Metacritic. The game was one of several poor-selling titles that would lead to Acclaim's bankruptcy in 2004. Future In 2006, Canadian game publisher Throwback Entertainment acquired the property rights for Summer Heat Beach Volleyball from Acclaim. Throwback had planned on developing another Summer Heat volleyball game for release on the PlayStation 3 or Xbox 360, but there is no word on the status of such a game. Summer Heat Volleyball is expected to keep its identity and will not be dissolved or merged. References External links Category:2003 video games Category:PlayStation 2-only games Category:Acclaim Entertainment games Category:Beach volleyball video games Category:Video games developed in the United Kingdom Category:Video games featuring female protagonists Category:PlayStation 2 games

Luoyang Bridge The Luoyang Bridge, also known as Wan'an Bridge, is located in Quanzhou, Fujian province, China. The stone bay bridge is situated at the mouth of Luoyang River. Being the first stone bay bridge in China, it enjoys the reputation of " one of the four ancient bridges of China". The project started from the fifth year (1053) of Huangyou's ruling period in northern song dynasty. Cai xiang, the chief of Quanzhou prefercture in the 3rd year (1058) of Jiayou's reign, took over the task of constructing the bridge, who had overcome several difficulties concerning bridge deck pavement and bridge pier by applying a raft foundation and raising oysters in the river to solid the base. In the fourth year (1059) of Jiayou's reign, the construction of Luoyang bridge was completed and Caixiang wrote "The Wan'an bridge" for it. The bridge had been reconstructed and repaired in the later dynasties. In the southern song dynasty, pagodas and fengshui pagodas were built outside the guardrail of the bridge. The bridge is 1200 meters long, and has 46 piers in total. The north part of the bridge is in the territory of Hui'an county while the south is in Luojiang district. The middle part is located in a river island called Zhongzhou. Pagodas and tower joss can be found both on the bridge and Zhongzhou island. Luoyang bridge was listed as a key cultural relics unit under the national protection in 1988, and in 2009, it was selected as one of the cultural world heritage sites along the maritime silk road. History Luoyang bridge, also known as Wan'an bridge, is named for being situated on the Luoyang river. Legend has it that in the Tang dynasty, emperor Xuanzong of Tang disguised himself and went to the street to inspect people's lives. He stopped by a river in north-west hui'an county, Quanzhou, and claimed the scenery by the river was somewhat similar to what he saw in Luoyang. Therefore, the river has been called Luoyang river ever since. Before it was built, there was a ferry crossing called Wan'an to help locals cross the river. The ferry was in the estuary, and accidents frequently resulted from harsh winds and high seas, and crossings were impossible for several days. During the reign of Qingli in northern song dynasty, one of the Quanzhou locals, Lichong, used stones as piers and wood as deck to build a floating bridge to help passersby cross the river; however, it was destroyed by water more than once. In the fifth year (1053) of Huangyou's reign, another Quanzhou local, Wangshi, capped and fixed the floating bridge, which was the starting point of constructing Luoyang bridge officially. During the construction, they encountered many problems including the lack of funds, the extreme difficulty of building seven of the bridge piers and the deck. In the July of the 3rd year (1058) of Jiayou's reign, Caixiang was appointed as the chief of the Quanzhou prefecture, and then he actively participated in the construction of the bridge. He called on donation, cultured oysters to fix the piers, and took advantage of the ebb and flow to successfully build the deck. In the December of the 4th year (1059) of Jiayou's reign, the construction was completed, and Caixiang wrote "The Wan'an bridge" to memorialize it. Luoyang bridge became the first bay bridge in Chinese history. From the northern song dynasty to contemporary times, eight pagodas and fengshui towers have been built around Luoyang bridge. According to records, Luoyang bridge had been repaired and maintained 17 times from its completion to 1993, among which the one made in the 8th year (1138) of Shaoxing's reign in southern song dynasty was the first. In the 6th year (1408) of Yongle in Ming dynasty and the 4th year (1453) of Jingtai, the bridge went through reconstruction. In Jiajing's reign of Ming dynasty, barracks were built on the Zhongzhou island, the middle part of Luoyang bridge, to resist Japanese pirates. The bridge survived unscathed a major earthquake in the 32nd year (1604) of Wanli in Ming dynasty. During Chongzhen's reign, Japanese pirates almost disappeared, and a pavilion was built on the old barracks, which was named "Jinghong pavilion" (rainbow in the mirror). In the 20th year of Qing emperor Kangxi's reign (1681), in the eighth year of Yongzheng's reign (1761) and the 23rd year of Daoguang (1843), the bridge was damaged and was repaired. In the 10th year of Xianfeng (1860), attempts were made to carry out further repairs. The 19th Route Army, who were garrisoned in the Quanzhou area, reinforced the main body of the bridge in 1932, fixing piers and using steel reinforced concrete for girders and decking. During the Sino-Japanese war, this bridge was destroyed by the Japanese army. It was repaired in 1946, but during the second Chinese civil war, the national revolutionary army destroyed the bridge again. The cultural relics were all ruined, and the only thing left was the pier. Later, the People's Republic of China spared every efforts to repair the bridge. In 1961, it was listed as one of the cultural relics unit of Fujian province. In 1974, because of the serious damage of Luoyang bridge, it was no longer capable of serving as a transporting bridge, thus the highway bureau built a new highway bridge 700 meters away from the Luoyang bridge in the upstream. Luoyang bridge officially became the passage to connect the shores of Luo river, and also a heritage bridge. It became a cultural relics unit under national protection in 1988. In 1991, it was officially listed as a reconstruction project, which started in 1993 and completed in 1996. It was selected as one of the cultural world heritage along the maritime silkroad in 2009. Structure The structure of the main body Luoyang bridge, located in the mouth of Luo yang river in Quanzhou, Fujian province, is a stone bay bridge. It has north–south orientation, extending from the dyke made of stones, passing an island called "Zhongzhou" in the middle of the river, and entering Luojiang district in its south end. It is 731.29 meters in length. The south side bridge approach is 80.5 meters long, 7 meters wide. The north side bow bridge is 11 meters long, 7 meters wide, and the main deck is 5 meters wide. There are 47 apertures and 46 piers. Piers are built up by boulder strips. The boulder strips on the top two levels extend to both right side and left side in order to reduce the span of the slabstone. Cutwater can be found in the upstream of the pier bottom, whose sharp end is slightly cocking-up, a "raft foundation". The bridge plate is made of large-scale boulder strips. Back to the ancient time, the engineer took the advantage of ebbs to successfully build the plate. On both sides of the plate, there are 500 stone guardrails to protect passers-by from falling into the river. Subsidiary buildings The stone tower There are 7 stone towers outside the guardrails of the bridge, among which 3 are pagodas of multi-storied pavilion type, 1 Baoqie Sutra-printing house, 1 Five wheel tower, 1 Jing Zhuang, 1 Zheng feng tower (repress the wind), and 1 foundation base. From south to north, these 7 towers are: On the east side of the south end, there is a stupa style pagpda, which is 5 meters high, with a square foundation base, a round tower body. A niche door opens in its south side, and one relief sculpture of diamond guard can be found on both sides. A hexagon turret cover can be found on the guards, which has a 3-layer wheel and a Sarah on the top. On the west side of the north end, there is a 3-stored hexagon solid pagoda, which has a square foundation made of boulder strips and 2.6 meters long on each side of the foundation. The pedestal is equilateral hexagon. On each side of the first layer of the tower body, there is a Buddha sculpture; the six word mantra tantra on the second; and a carving letter of "Fo" (Buddha) on the east side, and "Shi, Fang, San, Shi, Yiqie" on other sides. Thatsa can be found on the top of the tower, below which there are covered bowl, wheel, and Sarah. On the south side of the atrium bridge in Zhengzhou island, there is a 3-meter high Zhenfeng tower, whose body is a cone shape with no sculpture on it. A monument said "Zhenfeng tower on Luoyang bridge" is on one side of the tower. On the northwest side of Zhongzhou island, a square Baoqie sutra-printing pagoda is built in the jointing place of the island and the bridge. The relief sculpture of mountains, rivers, plants and gods is on its foundation base. On 4 sides of the tower, there is a sculpture of the Buddha, whose shape and structure is almost the same as the "Moonlight Buddha tower" depicted in the following section. To the north of the Zhengzhou island, on the pier of the middle part of the bridge, there stands a Baoqie sutra-printing pagoda, which is 3.64 meters high and has a square base of 0.95 meters long on each side. The tower is 2-storied. On the first level, there is a sitting Buddha on 4 sides of the tower. The upper store is relatively high and far from the ground. In its direction of facing the river, a Buddha head is carved on the tower, and on the left and right sides of the head sculptured "moonlight Buddha" and "built in the year of Jihai". It is the only tower on Luoyang bridge which has the indication of the founding time and year. Archaeologists confirm that the tower was built in the 4th year (1059) of Jiayou in northern song dynasty according to its sculpturing style. A 1.6-meter high thatsa is above the tower, below which there are covered bowl, wheel, and Sarah. On the north end of the bridge, there are two 5-stored octagonal solid stone pagodas on each side of the bridge, with the same shape, structure and sculptures. They are around 6 meters high, and have a square base made of boulder strips. The foundation of the tower is equilateral octagonal shape, each of the turret cover is hexagon shape with the sculpture of bricks and hooks. On the due south, west, east and north side of each layer, there is a sitting Buddha relief sculpture. The Thatsa was built in later years, which is a cone shape and with no wheel. Joss On the south end and the north end of Luoyang bridge, there are 2 stone joss protecting the bridge on each end. The joss is 1.63 meters high, facing each other, and they were all built during the northern song dynasty. Those sculptures all have Han nationality (the majority group of people in China), wearing hamlet and armor, holding long sword in hands. Bridge pavilion There are two stone pavilions on Zhongzhou island. One is called "Zhongting" (the middle pavilion), a foursquare pavilion located in the north side of Zhongzhou island. The exact year of its building is unable to verify. The existing pavilion is, in fact, reconstructed on the basis of the body in the late Qing and early Ming dynasty, after the founding of the People's Republic of China. The other pavilion is called "Xi chuan sweet rain pavilion", built to commemorate the magistrate of Jinjiang county, Fang Ke, in Ming dynasty. Folklore has it that Fang's prayer for rain came true, then folks built this pavilion to commemorate him. Memorial architecture A ancestral temple to commemorate Cai Zhonghui can be found 500 meters away from the south end of the bridge, which was built by descendants to remember Cai's contribution to build Luoyang bridge. This temple starts to build in northern song dynasty, and the existing one is in the construting style of Qing dynasty, which is oriented north and south and have 3 halls with 3 rooms. Zhaohui temple is built in the north side of the bridge, and the existing temple is also in Qing's style. It has 2 halls with 5 rooms. The exact year when the temple started to build is lost track, but archaeologists assume its predecessor is Zhenhai nunnery and then changed its name to Zhaohui temple. On the south end of the bridge, there are many sculptures made during the construction process, including the famous "Wan'an bridge", which has 153 letters on the 3-meter high and 1.5-meter wide stone monument. Besides, 26 monuments with carvings, which are from different periods of the bridge construction can be found in the north side of the bridge, Zhongzhou island and south side. Conservation Food stalls and restaurants are everywhere on the bridge plate and on both sides of the bridge. Dinning-tables were put on the north and south side of the bridge back in 2005. In 2006, some people ignored the rule and made food stalls inside the pavilion which stands in the center of Luoyang bridge. The waste came from cooking might have damaged the stone bridge, thus municipal law enforcement department took action and changed the situation by removing the stalls. In 2010, some residents living in nearby villages tried to build a buddha temple without the government permission, which is forced to stop by government. Few months later, these residents tried again to build a stone buddha sculpture in the south end of the bridge, still with no permission of the government. In 2008, severe deposition and piles of wastes in both river ways had affected the fishermen's life, and also raised the tension in terms of conservation of the bridge. Quanzhou municipal government planned to invest 7 million RMB to tackle this problem, improving the environment and clearing the river way. In 2015, a large number of mangrove had grown on the coastline and extended to the areas around Luoyang bridge. Then a debate went on to discuss whether the mangrove would have a bad impact on Luoyang bridge. The culture relics management office organized a team to cut down the 30 trees growing around the bridge. In November 2016, the plan of improving the environment around Luoyang bridge officially submitted to national culture relics bureau, and most parts of the plan got approval in December, expect the part for dredging. References 清·顾祖禹《读史方舆纪要》卷九十九：唐宣宗微时游此，谓山川胜概有类洛阳，江因以名。 宋·方匀《泊宅编》：元丰初, 王道祖知州，奏立法，辄取蛎者徒二年。 元·脱脱《宋史·蔡襄传》：万安渡......襄立石为梁......种蛎于础以为固，至今赖焉。 Category:Bridges in Fujian Category:Quanzhou Category:Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Fujian Category:Stone bridges in China

Artist Pension Trust Artist Pension Trust (APT) is an investment vehicle specializing in contemporary art, which aims to provide financial security and international exposure to selected artists chosen by its international curatorial team. It has the largest global collection of contemporary art, comprising 10,000 artworks from 2,000 artists in 75 countries, and growing by more than 2,000 each year. As of November 2013, a total of 40,000 artworks had been committed to APT by 2,000 artists. APT claimed its then value to be more than $US100 million. Artworks from the APT collection have been used to curate exhibitions for museums including the MoMA, Tate Modern, Hirshhorn Museum, as well as for art venues such as the Venice Biennale, Art Basel, Documenta and Manifesta. History In 2004, a company named MutualArt launched the Artist Pension Trust as the first pension program for visual contemporary artists. It was founded by businessman Moti Shniberg, Hebrew University business professor, Dan Galai, and David A. Ross, former director of the Whitney Museum and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. APT started with eight regional trusts and subsequently launched a global trust, APT Global One, with a total of 628 artists. After the first year, Artist Pension Trust owned the collection of approximately 65 artworks created by artists in the New York branch, including Jules de Balincourt, William Cordova, Anthony Goicolea, and Aida Ruilova. Storage Fee Changes Artist Pension Trust announced that, beginning in September 2017, it would charge $6.50 per month for each work that members stored. The former CEO of the Mutual Art Group, which includes APT, defended the fee, arguing that the cost is much less than artists will have to pay elsewhere. He told Colin Gleadell of Artnet that “it’s not about raising money to balance our books; [it’s about getting] the work out of storage so that it can be seen and eventually sold. Some works have been in storage for ten years and that’s not good.” According to Brenner, the appeal of APT for some artists was the free storage facilities. In order to become a member, one originally had to agree to contribute to the storage expenses for oversize works when signing the contract, but the policy has never been enforced. In October 2017 seven former APT directors of the New York, London, Berlin, and Dubai Trusts and 21 APT officials— put their names on an open letter expressing solidarity with the aggrieved artists. The letter expresses “deep disappointment in the direction APT is moving,” saying that the policy changes deviate from the original vision of the Trust as they understood it. Artwork distribution The artworks in the trust are gradually sold over the course of 20 years for the benefit of the artists. The funds from the net proceeds of each artwork sold are distributed in the following manner: 72% are distributed to the artists in the trust, with 40% to the individual artist and 32% among the artists in that trust based on the number of artworks they have deposited. The remaining 28% is used to cover the operational costs of the trusts. Exhibitions In June 2013, Venice Biennale, a major contemporary art exhibition that takes place once every two years (in odd years) in Venice, Italy, included 26 artists who are also a part of the global Artist Pension Trust. APT Institute In July 2013, Artist Pension Trust announced establishment of APT Institute, a non-profit organization whose task is to facilitate exhibitions and loans for curators, museums, and art organizations, as well as to promote contemporary art and artists worldwide. Recent loans arranged through the APT Institute include Jean Shin’s installation of neckties and a chain link fence named "Untied", which featured in the solo show "Jean Shin: Common Threads", at the Smithsonian American Art Museum, and Sherif El Azma’s "Powerchord Skateboard", a two-screen DVD installation that was part of the Tate Modern’s recent show "Project Space: Objects in Mirror Are Closer Than They Appear". See also Contemporary art References External links Chairman Moti Shniberg on the ArtTactic Podcast Category:Arts organizations based in New York City Category:International economic organizations Category:Retirement communities Category:Pensions

2004 European Parliament election in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol The European Parliament election of 2004 took place on 12–13 June 2004. The Olive Tree was the most voted list in Trentino, while the South Tyrolean People's Party (SVP) came first as usual in South Tyrol. However the SVP lost many votes to the Greens, which had their best result ever, and to the Union for South Tyrol (UfS). Results Trentino Source: Ministry of the Interior South Tyrol Source: Ministry of the Interior Category:2004 elections in Italy Category:Elections in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol Category:European Parliament elections in Italy Category:2004 European Parliament election

Allahdad The Allahdad () was an 1839 violent riot and forced conversion against the Jews of Mashhad, Khorasan, Qajar Iran. After forced conversion of the Mashhadi Jews to Islam, many practiced Crypto-Judaism. The incident was important in the aspect that an entire community was forced to convert, and it was one of the first times European Jewry intervened on behalf of Iranian Jews. The event was first described in Joseph Wolff's 1845 travelogue "Narrative of a mission to Bokhara", in which he wrote: On Monday, the 11th of March, I arrived at Askerea, two miles distant from Meshed. I had sent on before the King's mehmoondar, and the gholam of the British embassy. The first who came to meet me was Mullah Mehdee (Meshiakh), the Jew with whom I had lodged twelve years ago, and who treated me most hospitably when in distress and misery and poverty, previous to the arrival of Abbas Mirza at Meshed, from Nishapoor. All the Jews of Meshed, a hundred and fifty families, were compelled seven years ago, to turn Mussulmans. The occasion was as follows: A poor woman had a sore hand; a Mussulman physician advised her to kill a dog and put her hand in the blood of it; she did so; when suddenly the whole population rose, and said that they had done it in derision of their Prophet. Thirty-five Jews were killed in a few minutes; the rest, struck with terror, became Muhammedans ; and fanatic and covetous Muhammedans shouted, "Light of Muhammed has fallen upon them!" They are now more zealous Jews in secret than ever; but call themselves, like the Jews in Spain, Anusim, "the compelled ones!" Their children cannot suppress their feelings when their parents call them by their Muhammedan names! But Mullah Mehdee and Mullah Moshe believe in Christ, and Mullah Mehdee asked me to baptize him. He has been of the greatest use to the English in Heraut and Candahar, as his testimonials from Rawlinson and others amply testify. In another narrative of the same event this incident happened during the Shia holy month on Muharram. The Shias were marching in the streets in memory of Hussein ibn Ali when the Jewish woman was throwing away the dog she killed for medical reasons. She was accused of deliberately offending the shi'is. Still another narrative reports that the dog was only a pretext and the conflict was because of earlier confrontations between a Sayyid (descendant of Muhammad) and the Jews who did not want to pay him for the Husainia he built near the Jewish commercial shops. In any case the recommendation by a Muslim physician seems unlikely as both Islamic and Jewish laws would consider dog's blood to be impure. Mashhad's ruler had ordered his men to enter Jewish homes and mobs attacked the Jewish community, burning down the synagogue, looting homes, abducting girls, and killing between 30 and 40 people. With knives held to their throats, the Jewish patriarchs were forced to vocally proclaim their "allegiance" to Islam as it was agreed upon by the leaders of the community that in order to save the remaining 2,400 Jews, everyone must convert. Most converted and stayed in Mashhad, taking on Muslim names, while some left for other Iranian Jewish communities and to Afghanistan. That day became known as the Allahdad ("God’s Justice"). This event might also be understood in larger Jewish-Persian relations. Many Jews of Mashhad, including the chief of the local Jewish community, Mullah Mahdi Aqajan, served as British agents. This fact in addition to recent withdrawal of Iran from Herat in 1838 under British pressure, created an increasingly hostile atmosphere towards the Jews in Mashhad. Few years after the incident with the intervention of Moses Montefiore the head of British Jewry at the time, Jews were allowed by Muhammad Shah's decree to return to Judaism. However most Jews fearing the anger of the local population decided to live outwardly as Muslims and living as crypto-Jews. On the outside, they acted as Muslims: their clothes, names, and lifestyles resembled those of their Iranian neighbors. At home, however, they secretly taught their children to read Hebrew, lit candles, and observed Shabbat. Some Mashhadi Jews did not feel safe in Mashhad anymore and decided to move to other cities in the area such as Bukhara and Samarqand. A large group moved to Herat in present-day Afghanistan, where the majority of the Muslims were Sunni and more tolerant of the Jews than the Shiites. Nearly a century passed before Mashad's Jews started practicing their faith openly with the coming of the more liberal Pahlavi dynasty (1925–1979). After World War II, most of them settled in Tehran, Israel, or New York City, with 4,000 moving to the United States, where many ran successful jewelry and carpet businesses. The commercial district in Great Neck, New York, has been reshaped to serve the needs of Mashhadis and other Iranian Jews. Many businesses there cater to Iranian customs and taste. Worldwide there are 20,000 Mashhadis, of which about 10,000 live in Israel. Of the Mashhadis in the United States, many of them live in Great Neck, New York. See also Mashhadi Jews 1910 Shiraz blood libel Yu Aw Synagogue Dönmeh Chala Converso Marrano Neofiti Anusim References Further reading Mehrdad Amanat, Jewish Identities in Iran: Resistance and Conversion to Islam and the Baha'i Faith, (I.B. Tauris, 2011), , pp. 47ff. Excerpts available at Google Books. Hilda Nissimi, The Crypto-Jewish Mashhadis: the shaping of religious and communal identity in their journey from Iran to New York (Sussex Academic Press, 2007), Excerpts available at Google Books. Albert Kaganovich, The Mashhadi Jews (Djedids) in Central Asia (Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2007), Category:Conversion to Islam Category:Crypto-Judaism Category:Islam and antisemitism Category:Antisemitism in Iran Category:Jewish Persian and Iranian history Category:Anti-Jewish pogroms by Muslims Category:Converts to Islam from Judaism Category:1839 in Judaism

Ion Baboie Ion Baboie (born 12 April 1914) was a Romanian racewalker. He competed in the men's 50 kilometres walk at the 1952 Summer Olympics. References External links Ion Baboie at the Comitetul Olimpic si Sportiv Roman Category:1914 births Category:Possibly living people Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1952 Summer Olympics Category:Romanian male racewalkers Category:Olympic athletes of Romania Category:Place of birth missing

Prinsesse Charlottes Gade Prinsesse Charlottes Gade (lit. "Princess Charlottes Street") is a street in the Nørrebro district of Copenhagen, Denmark, linking Meinungsgade in the southeast with Jagtvej in the northwest. Guldberg Byplads, a public space and playground, is located at the corner with Sjællandsgade. History The street was created in the 1850s. The new street was named after Princess Charlotte Frederica, the first wife of Christian VIII and the mother of Frederick VII. The street followed the east side of Svendsens Reberbane, a several hundred metres long ropewalk. Notable buildings Nørrebro Lilleskole (No. 34-36) is a self-owning primary school. The building is the former home of the Jewish Carolineskolen. It was built Copenhagen's Jewish boy's school which had until then been based in Skindergade. The school was merged with the city's Jewish girl's school under the name Carolineskolen in 1945. It relocated to a former stockings factory on Bomhusvej in the Ryvangen Quarter of Østerbro in 1974. KEA Prinsesse Charlottes Gade (No. 38) is a branch of KEA – Copenhagen School of Design and Technology. The building was constructed as a branch of the Technical Society's School. It was completed in 1900 from a design by Frederik Bøttger and Christian Larsen. It now houses KRA's construction & technology programmes as well as the student-run Monkey Bar. The former Prinsesse Charlottes Gade School (No. 46) was one of the first primary schools in Nørrebro. It opened in 1875 as a branch of Sankt Hansgade School. The building was designed by Hans Jørgen Holm. The building is now operated as a daycare under the name Hulahophuset. The building on the other side of the street was built by Copenhagen Municipality in 1884 as stated in an inscription on the facade. Public art, monuments and memorials On the gable of the former Sjællandsgade School is a stone plaque commemorating the reunification of Sønderjylland with Denmark in 1920. The plaque features a symbolic relief of a woman approaching another woman seated on a klismos, both with their arms stretched out towards eachother as if they are about to embrace. Below the relief is an inscription: "This stone was installed by the school's pupils in exhilaration over the reunification of Sønderjylland with Denmark 1920". Transport The nearest Copenhagen Metro station is Nørrebros Runddel. References External links JEA Guldberg Byplads Category:Streets in Nørrebro

Banoka Banoka () is a village located in Kurdistan Region's Erbil Province near Khalifan town. It is 55 kilometers northeast of the Erbil. Gallery References Category:Populated places in Erbil Governorate Category:Villages in Arbil Province

FuturePlay The International Academic Conference on the Future of Game Design and Technology, also known as FuturePlay, is an international academic conference that focuses on the future of video game design and technology. The most recent conference under that title was held in 2010. Overview Future Play evolved from the former Computer Game Technology (CGT) Conference that had been initiated and run by Algoma University since 2002. The conference was held annually in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Future Play 2008 was hosted by Algoma and UOIT, each year bringing together key players from academics, industry, and government to advance game design and technology. The conference focused on three themes: Future game development, future game impacts and application, future game talent. These issues were addressed through keynotes from leaders in academia and industry, peer-reviewed paper sessions, panel sessions, workshops, and exhibitions of posters, games, and the latest game technologies and supports from industry vendors. Academic competitions Games competition The Future Play Game Exhibition and Competition allows academic, independent, experimental, and/or student developers to gain recognition for their game-related work in a juried competition. Developers can submit to the exhibition in the following categories: Future Games: this category is for games that experiment with new game technologies or design concepts. Future Game Impacts and Applications: this category is for games that are built not necessarily for pure entertainment purposes (i.e. serious games), such as games that are for learning purposes. Future Game Talent: this category is primarily for students who have built an original, entertainment game title who wish to show off their talents, earn publicity for their school, gain personal recognition, and perhaps even find a publisher for the game. Games competition winners are generally recognized in the trade press. Academic papers Paper submissions for the conference were original, unpublished research. Papers often included late-breaking advances and work-in-progress reports from ongoing research. All submissions were peer-reviewed and evaluated based on originality, technical and/or research content/depth, correctness, relevance to conference, contributions and readability. 2008 program Future Play 2008 was hosted by Algoma University and the University of Ontario Institute of Technology. It was hosted in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Speakers for the conference were Ken Perlin and Katie Salen. The theme of the conference was "Research. Play. Share." References External links FuturePlay website (dead link) FuturePlay blog Category:Recurring events established in 2002 Category:International conferences in Canada Category:Video game conferences Category:2002 establishments in Ontario

Pseudohalogen The pseudohalogens are polyatomic analogues of halogens, whose chemistry, resembling that of the true halogens, allows them to substitute for halogens in several classes of chemical compounds. Pseudohalogens occur in pseudohalogen molecules, inorganic molecules of the general forms Ps–Ps or Ps–X (where Ps is a pseudohalogen group), such as cyanogen; pseudohalide anions, such as cyanide ion; inorganic acids, such as hydrogen cyanide; as ligands in coordination complexes, such as ferricyanide; and as functional groups in organic molecules, such as the nitrile group. Well-known pseudohalogen functional groups include cyanide, cyanate, thiocyanate, and azide. Common pseudohalogens and their nomenclature Many pseudohalogens are known by specialized common names according to where they occur in a compound. Well-known ones include (the true halogen chlorine is listed for comparison): Examples of pseudohalogen molecules Examples of symmetrical pseudohalogens (Ps–Ps) include cyanogen (CN)2, thiocyanogen (SCN)2, selenorhodane (SeCN)2, azidodithiocarbonate (N3CS2)2. Another complex symmetrical pseudohalogen is dicobalt octacarbonyl, Co2(CO)8. This substance can be considered as a dimer of the hypothetical cobalt tetracarbonyl, Co(CO)4. Examples of non-symmetrical pseudohalogens (Ps–X), analogous to the binary interhalogen compounds, are cyanogen halides (ICN, ClCN, BrCN), and other compounds. Sometimes nitrosyl chloride NOCl also is considered as pseudohalogen. Not all combinations are known to be stable. Pseudohalides Pseudohalides are the univalent anions (or functional groups) which form hydracids with hydrogen and form insoluble salts with Ag(Silver) such as cyanides, cyanates, isocyanates, rhodanides (i.e. thiocyanates and isothiocyanates), selenocyanogens, tellurorhodanides and azides. A common complex pseudohalide is tetracarbonylcobaltate (Co(CO)4−). The acid HCo(CO)4 is in fact quite a strong acid, though its low solubility renders it not as strong as the true hydrohalic acids. The behavior and chemical properties of the above pseudohalides are identical to that of the true halide ions. The presence of the internal double bonds or triple bonds do not appear to affect their chemical behavior. For example, they can form strong acids of the type HX (compare HCl to HCo(CO)4), and they can react with metals to form compounds like MX (compare NaCl to NaN3). Nanoclusters of aluminium (often referred to as superatoms) are sometimes considered to be pseudohalides since they, too, behave chemically as halide ions, forming Al13I2− (analogous to I3−) and similar compounds. This is due to the effects of metallic bonding on small scales. References Category:Inorganic compounds Category:Halogens

Lala, Assam Lala is a town and a town area committee in Hailakandi district in the Indian state of Assam. Geography Lala is located at . It has an average elevation of 21 metres (69 feet). Demographics India census, Lala had a population of 10,345. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Lala has an average literacy rate of 81%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy is 78%. In Lala, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. References Category:Hailakandi Category:Cities and towns in Hailakandi district

List of Game Boy colors and styles This is a list of case colors and styles that have been produced for the Game Boy line of handheld systems since 1989. Game Boy Special Edition Variants Red with EB logo on it (UK EB Games - Sold with Killer Instinct, limited to 350 systems) Black with Wario logo (UK - Contest Prize on Ghost Train show 1989 - 1991) Black with Fiat in the bottom-left (Won in contest) Hot pink with Kirby logo (UK - Nintendo magazine contest - 1994) Pink with heart logo (Won in a gameshow) Off-white with Toyota logo (JP - Toyota car purchase - 1992) Off-white with Hyundai logo (Korea) Off-white with Altus Newing logo Off-white with Milka cow logo Off-white with Planet Hollywood logo Off-white with Santa Clara Division logo Off-white with Vivitar PMA Atlanta '93 in the bottom-left Off-white with Kirin Beverage in the bottom-left Off white with Iveco Truck Ford with Commercial Motor in the bottom-left (Won in contest - 1991) Off-white with Bee Ind logo Off-white with JAL logo Off-white with Soyuz TM-17 logo (Sold in the Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics) Game Boy Pocket Serial numbers for basic colors 1996 (no indicator models) Serial M******** Japan release: Made in Japan Serial MH******** Japan release: Made in China Serial MH******* PAL release: Made in China Serial MG******* North American release: Made in China Basic colors Silver (1996) Black (1996) Green (1996) Blue (1996) Red (1996) Yellow (1996) Clear (1996) Pink (Japan, 1996) Clear Purple (Japan, 1996) Limited Edition colors Ice Blue (1997) (Some boxes were packed with Zelda) Extreme Green (1997) Emerald Green (1998) (Toys 'R' Us JP) Clear (Ice) blue (1996) (Toys 'R' Us JP) Silver w/ grey border (US, 1996) Silver w/ black border (US, 1997) Gold (Packaged w/Donkey Kong Land) (EU) (AUS) Blue/Yellow (1997) blue front/yellow back. 'Swedish Limited Edition' with certificate, 3000ex made Off-white (In the style of the original Game Boy with Purple buttons) Special Edition variants Nintendo Power 100th Issue Edition - gold w/ logo | This was available for purchase by the Nintendo Power adverts or by winning their 100th issue contest (1997) Famitsu Limited Edition - clear (Japan, 1997) ANA - clear blue w/ logo (Japan, 1997) Atlus - white w/ light blue border (Japan, 1997) Seibu Lions - blue w/ logo (Japan, 1997) Hello Kitty/Uranai Party - pink w/ artwork (Japan, 1997) Tamagotchi - Pink (Japan, 11/7/1997) Thomas & Betts - blue w/ logo (Belgium) Toyota - clear w/ logo V Drink - green w/ logo (Australia) Imagineer Glow-In-Dark - light green glowing in dark - Prize in Imagineers Multi Racing Championship [N64] Contest - 2000pcs made (Japan, 1996) Game Boy Light (Japan Only) Basic colors Gold (1998) Silver (1998) Limited Edition colors Toys 'R' Us - Clear Yellow (1998) Special Edition variants Astro Boy - clear w/ artwork (1998) Osamu Tezuka - red w/ artwork (1998) Famitsu F02 Event Version - clear blue w/ white border (1998) Famitsu F02 Mail Order Version - clear blue w/ white border (1998) Pokémon Center Tokyo - yellow w/ logo & artwork (1998) Game Boy Color Basic colors Grape - purple (1998) Teal (1998, 1999 NA) Kiwi - neon green (1998, 1999 NA) Berry - fuchsia (1998, 1999 NA) Dandelion - yellow (1998, 1999 NA) Atomic Purple - clear purple (1998) Neotones Ice - clear (Japan only) Limited Edition colors Clear Black (2000, Japan) Clear Green (Toys 'R' Us, Japan, 2000) Midnight Blue (Toys 'R' Us, Japan, 1999) Ice Blue (Toys 'R' Us, Japan) Clear Orange (Daiei, Japan, 1999) Clear Blue (ANA) Solid Black (Toys R' Us, New York City, 2000) Special Edition variants Mirinda - clear orange w/ logo (Mexico, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary 2000) Yedigun - clear orange w/ logo (Turkey, 2000) Neotones - clear green and yellow w/ Australia flag & yellow buttons (Australia) Tommy Hilfiger - yellow w/ logo (US, 1999) Tsutaya - water blue w/ orange buttons (Japan, 2000) Sakura Taisen - clear pink (2000) Hello Kitty Special Box - light pink w/ logo (Japan, 1999) Hello Kitty Special Box 2 - light pink w/ logo (Japan, 2000) Lawson - Aqua Blue & Milky White (1999) Takarazuka - atomic gold w/ aquatic life artwork (Japan, 1999) Jusco - clear purple w/ Mario artwork (1999) Jusco - clear w/ Mario artwork (1999) Cardcaptor Sakura - white & pink w/ artwork (Japan, 1999) Ferrero SpA competition - yellow w/ Happy Hippo Logo & Happy Hippo Character "Max Mutig" (came bundled with the game "Das Geheimnis der Happy Hippo Insel")(limited to 111 units) (Germany,2001) Hookups- lime green with Hookups logo. Asr 2001 (100 made) V-drink (Clear w/ logo) Pokémon Pokémon - Special Pikachu edition yellow & blue w/ logo, artwork & colored buttons (bundled w/ Pokémon Yellow) Pokémon - silver & gold iridescent w/artwork around screen (U.S., Toys 'R' Us exclusive) Pokémon - clear blue & white w/ artwork (Hong Kong) Pokémon - clear green & white w/ artwork (Taiwan) Pokémon - yellow & blue w/ logo, artwork & colored buttons (Australia) Pokémon Center - silver w/ artwork & logo (1999) Pokémon Center - orange & blue w/ artwork & logo (1999) Game Boy Advance Basic colors Indigo - purple (2001) Arctic - white (2001) Glacier - clear blue (2001) Fuchsia (2001) Spice - orange (Japan, 2001) Black (2001) Limited Edition colors Platinum/Silver (2002) Gold (Japan, 2002) Daiei - clear orange front & clear black back (Daiei, Japan, 2001) Jet Black - (Toys 'R' Us, U.S., 2003) Red (Zellers, Canada) Special Edition variants Target - Grape w/ logo (US, 2001) Target - Red w/ logo (US, 2002) Chobits - clear blue w/ logo (Japan, 2002) King of Fighters - clear black w/ logo (Japan, 2002) Toys 'R' Us - Solid Midnight Blue w/ logo (US, 2002) Toys 'R' Us - Transparent Midnight Blue (Japan, 2001) Rockman Custom - blue (Japan, 2001) Jusco - Glacier w/ Mario artwork (2001) Hello Kitty - pink w/ logo (Japan, 2001) Yomiuri Giants - clear purple w/ artwork (2001) Pokémon Pokémon Center (Latios & Latias) - blue w/ red buttons (2002) Pokémon Center - Celebi green w/ artwork (2001) Pokémon Center - Suicune blue w/ artwork (2001) Pokémon Center NY - gold w/ artwork (US, 2001) Pokémon Center NY - gold w/ artwork (JP, 2001) Game Boy Advance SP Basic colors Cobalt - frontlit (2003) Platinum - frontlit (2003) Onyx - frontlit (2003) Flame Red - frontlit (2003) Pearl Blue - backlit (2005) Graphite - backlit (2005) Pearl Pink - backlit (2006) Limited Edition colors All Blacks (NZ) Banana Yellow Donkey Kong Edition (JP, 10/2004, Limited to 1,000) Black "Who are you?" Edition (Walmart, US, 2004) Blue Marble (JP, EU, 2004) Bokura no Taiyou (JP, 2004) Camo Gray (JP) Camo Green (JP) China Dragon (China, 11/2004) Classic NES (US, 2004) Disney Channel Promo Cobalt Blue (North America, 2003 or 2004, AGS-001, TV contest) Toon Disney Channel (North America) Toon Disney/Jetix (North America, 2008, AGS-101, 200 made for TV contest) Disney Channel Graphite (North America, 2005 or 2006, AGS-101) Dual Platinum/Onyx (US, 2004) Famicom "The 20th Anniversary Edition" (JP, 10-2003, limited to 1,000) Famicom 2 (JP) Final Fantasy Tactics (JP) IBokura no Taiyou : "Jango Red & Black" (JP, 07-2003) Indigo (AUS, 2004) Kingdom Hearts Deep Silver (All, 2004) Lime/Orange limited edition (US, 2004) Mario vs Donkey Kong (UK, 2004) Naruto Orange (JP 07-2004) Pearl White (US, JP, 2004) Pikachu "Toys 'R' Us"(US, 2004) Pokémon Emerald Bundle, Dark Green (AUS) Rockman EXE 4 Tournament Red Sun (JP, 12/2003) Rip Curl (AUS, 2004) Samus Satin (JP) SD Gundam G Generation "Char Aznable Custom" (JP, 12/2003) Seiken Densetsu: "Mana Blue Edition" (JP, 08-2003) Surfblue (US, 2004) Swarovski (US) Swiss Gamer (Switzerland) Target Branded Lime (US, 2003) Toys 'R' Us Gold (US, 11/2003) Toys 'R' US Japan Limited Edition "Star Light Gold" (JP) Toys 'R' US SpongeBob SquarePants (2004, AGS-101) Toys 'R' Us Pearl Green (US, 2004) Tribal (All, 2004) White (All) Zelda: Gold with Triforce and Hylian crest (EU, 2004) Pokémon Pikachu - Yellow (Toys R Us 2005, Pokémon Center Japan) Pokémon Center Limited Edition "Charizard Edition" (JP, 02/2004) - Fire Red Pokémon Center Limited Edition "Groudon Edition" (US, JP, 12/2003) - Ruby (Red) Pokémon Center Limited Edition "Kyogre Edition" (JP, 12/2003) - Sapphire (Blue) Pokémon Center Limited Edition "Rayquaza Edition" (JP, 09/2004) - Emerald (Green) Pokémon Center Limited Edition "Torchic" (US, JP, 03/2003) - Orange Pokémon Center Limited Edition "Venusaur Edition" (JP, 02/2004) - Leaf Green Game Boy Micro Basic colors Silver (Worldwide 2005) Black (Japan and Australia [US with silver faceplate] 2005) Purple (Japan and Australia, 2005) Pearl Blue (Japan, 2005) Pink (Europe, 2005) Green (Europe and Asia, 2005) Blue (Europe and Australia, 2005) Red (Asia and Australia, 2005) Special Edition variants 20th Anniversary Edition - red w/ gold faceplate (USA, 2005) Famicom - red w/ gold faceplate (Japan, 2005) Pokémon - red w/ black faceplate & Pikachu silhouette (Japan, 2005) Final Fantasy IV - blue unit with b&w Amano artwork (Japan, 2005) Mother 3 - red w/ red, worn faceplate (Japan, 2006) Toonami - black w/ logo & graphics (Giveaway, USA, 2006) List of Faceplates Super Robo Taisen - Black faceplate with logo by Nintendo (Club Nintendo Japan) Famicom controller II - Like the famicom version but with a II logo and volume slider (Club Nintendo Japan) 10th Anniversary Tower Records - red w/ yellow faceplate (Japan) Some others: Cup Noodles, Fujifilm, the Hanshin Tigers baseball team, Parco, Shiseido and a movie called Custom Made See also List of Nintendo DS colors and styles List of Nintendo 3DS colors and styles Comparison of Nintendo portable consoles References External links About.com Guide to Game Boy - All things Game Boy: News, reviews, history, culture and development. Updated several times a week. GAMEBOY GALLERIA - A pictorial encyclopedia of the various Game Boy models. Category:Game Boy consoles Game Boy Game Boy colors and styles

Passive electioneering Passive electioneering is the act of wearing campaign paraphernalia or carrying signs to a polling place with the intent of influencing voters. Across the United States laws vary relating to passive electioneering. In the fall of 2008, officials in Virginia moved to ban the wearing of campaign paraphernalia. New York has a similar law in place. In 2008, internet political organizers were cautioning voters not to wear campaign T-shirts at the polls. At least seven states, Maine, Montana, New Jersey, New York, Vermont, Virginia, and Kansas prohibit wearing campaign buttons, stickers and badges inside polling places. Efforts to enforce a similar ban are headed to court in Pennsylvania. The American Civil Liberties Union argued that the ban violates the First Amendment's right to free speech. United States New York The State of New York has a rarely enforced law that prohibits wearing campaign buttons or T-shirt at a polling place. In the fall of 2008, New York State Board of Elections Spokesman Bob Brehm stated that voters at the polls who wear a campaign button or T-shirt will be asked to remove the item. Virginia The Virginia State Board of Elections voted on Tuesday October 14, 2008, to ban clothing and hats as well as buttons and other paraphernalia that directly advocate the election or defeat of a specific candidate or issue. Canada While Canadian electoral law allows representatives of the political parties to be present in polling stations, nobody present at the polling station is permitted to wear or carry anything identifying themselves as a member of a political party or supporter or opponent of any political cause . This includes voters . Partisan officials are also not permitted to campaign immediately in front of a polling station, nor may anyone bring any campaign literature into the station . The equipment used by polling staff has to meet strict colour criteria. Staff may be refused work if their clothing is of a "partisan colour" United Kingdom Wearing an explicitly party political item or bringing any political material into a polling station can be classed an attempt to intimidate voters. Clothing that is political but does not support or attack a party (for example, a Che Guevara t-shirt) may still be allowed. References Category:Elections Category:Election law

Gregorini Gregorini () is an Italian surname, derived from the name Gregorio. The Grégorini variant is the French rendering of the original Italian surname. Notable people with this surname include: Damien Grégorini (born 1979), French football player Francesca Gregorini (born 1968), Italian-American director Giorgio Gregorini, Italian makeup artist Loretta Gregorini (born 1948), Italian astronomer References

Ripely Pine Ripely Pine is the debut studio album by American musician Lady Lamb. It was released on February 19, 2013 under Ba Da Bing Records. Track listing Personnel Main musicians Aly Spaltro – vocals, guitar, bass, banjo, autoharp, omnichord, percussion Henry Jamison – bass, backing vocals Peter McLaughlin – drums, backing vocals Production Nadim Issa – engineer, mixing, producer Drew Guido – assistant engineer Joe LaPorta – mastering Aly Spaltro – artwork, layout Shervin Lainez – photography Additional musicians Walker Adams – drums (track 2) Alex Asher – trombone (tracks 1, 2, 6, 7) Jeff Beam – backing vocals (track 11) Erin 'Dilly Dilly' Davidson – backing vocals (tracks 8, 11) Maisie Degoosh – backing vocals (track 11) Kaitlynn Gatchell – backing vocals (track 11) Drew Guido – melodica (tracks 4) – sythn (tracks 11) Wesley Hartley – backing vocals (track 11) Emily Hope Price – cello (tracks 7, 10) Maria Im – violin (tracks 4, 7) Nadim Issa – piano, organ, rhodes, keys, drums (tracks 7, 12), melodica (track 5) Maria Jeffers – cello (track 6) Cole Kamen-Green – trumpet (track 2) Nora Krohn – viola (track 6) TJ Metcalf – backing vocals (track 11) Brooke Quiggins – violin (track 6) Ben Strapp – tuba (tracks 7, 9) Elizabeth Taillon – backing vocals (track 11) Hannah Tarkison – backing vocals (track 11) Melissa Tong – violin (track 6) References External links Category:2015 debut albums Category:Lady Lamb albums Category:Mom + Pop Music albums

Szűr Szűr is a village in Baranya county, Hungary. Category:Populated places in Baranya County

Jacob Hyer Jacob Hyer (died 1838) was an American bare-knuckled boxer. He is generally credited as the first professional American boxer, due to his 1816 match with Tom Beasley, and has even been called "The Father of The American Ring". One source notes that Hyer may have been born in Caernarvon Township in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and that his father Louis was employed as an iron maker at Windsor Forge in Churchtown, Pennsylvania as early as 1780. Hyer v. Beasley In October 1816 in Manhattan, Hyer (a butcher) fought Tom Beasley (an English mariner) in what is traditionally said to be the first professional American bout, in that it was open to the public and English boxing rules, specifically the Broughton rules, were observed. The fight has been described as a "grudge match," because the two had previously been involved in a street fight, and decided to settle the matter in a more formal venue. Apparently the rules of boxing were at least followed at the outset of the match, but degenerated as the fight progressed. Different reports of the official bout stated that Beasley broke Hyers' arm (and thus Beasley won), that the match ended in a draw (due to the broken arm), or that Hyer won the match. Some modern sources state that Hyer won the match, though the basis for that conclusion is not stated. Hyer never fought again after this one fight. Historian Elliot J. Gorn, writing in the 1980s, states that although Hyer broke his arm, Beasley had been badly beaten, so after mutual friends intervened it was declared a draw. Gorn also states that the match was not actually the first ring fight in America, or the first open to the public, but that its "significance lay in the perception that it was a historic event worth recording, in its being the earliest American fight kept alive as living memory of a heroic past. When men gathered at New York's Empire Club decades later, they recounted this battle time and again.... Hyer and Beasley were important because they were remembered as founding fathers." Legacy Hyer was and approximately 182 pounds. He was born in New York, or possibly Caernarvon Township in Pennsylvania's Lancaster County, and was of Dutch descent. In 1969, Hyer was elected to the Ring Magazine Boxing Hall of Fame. Hyer's son, Tom Hyer, became the first American heavyweight boxing champion. The younger Hyer's famous victory against Yankee Sullivan in 1849 greatly spurred the popularity of the sport and served to preserve the legacy of his father's pioneering fight. References Category:Sportspeople from New York City Category:Bare-knuckle boxers Category:American people of Dutch descent Category:1838 deaths Category:Year of birth unknown Category:American male boxers

Jørgen Buhl Rasmussen Jørgen Buhl Rasmussen (born 18 August 1955) is the Danish Chief Executive of the Danish multi-national brewing company Carlsberg Group (Carlsberg A/S), based in Copenhagen (native København) in Denmark. Carlsberg is the name of a district of Copenhagen. The main shareholder of Carlsberg is the Carlsberg Foundation. Early life He has a BBA and an MBA from Copenhagen Business School. Career He started his career at IFH Research International in Denmark, owned by the Anglo-Dutch Unilever, now owned by WPP since 1989. Carlsberg He joined the executive board of Carlsberg Group on 1 April 2006. He became Chief Executive on 1 October 2007. Personal life He appears in Kraks Blå Bog, where he is listed as a koncernchef. References External links Carlsberg Group Category:1955 births Category:Danish brewers Category:Carlsberg Group Category:Copenhagen Business School alumni Category:Danish chief executives Category:Living people

Philip Nelson (Wisconsin politician) Philip E. Nelson (September 1, 1891) was a Republican member of the Wisconsin State Senate from 1931 to 1943. Nelson represented the 11th District. He resided in Maple, Wisconsin, and was a delegate to the 1936 Republican National Convention. Born in Curtiss, Wisconsin, he went to Williams Business School in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. He was an accountant, managed cheese factories, and owned a general store. He served in the United States Army during World War I. He served on the Douglas County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors. Previously, he had served two terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly. References See also The Political Graveyard Category:1891 births Category:Year of death unknown Category:People from Clark County, Wisconsin Category:People from Douglas County, Wisconsin Category:Businesspeople from Wisconsin Category:Members of the Wisconsin State Assembly Category:Wisconsin state senators Category:County supervisors in Wisconsin Category:Wisconsin Republicans Category:Military personnel from Wisconsin Category:American military personnel of World War I

Florence Hartmann Florence Hartmann (born 17 February 1963) is a French journalist and author. During the 1990s she was a correspondent in the Balkans for the French newspaper Le Monde. In 1999 she published her first book, Milosevic, la diagonale du fou (Milosevic, the opposite of crazy), reissued by Gallimard in 2002. From October 2000 until October 2006 she was official spokesperson and Balkan adviser to Carla Del Ponte, chief prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in The Hague. On 19 July 2011, the Appeals Chamber of the ICTY upheld the first instance decision to convict Hartmann of contempt of court for the section of text called "Vital genocide documents concealed" in her book, Paix et Châtiment, les guerres secrètes de la politique et de la justice internationales, which included the "legal reasoning" of two confidential appellate rulings of the UN Tribunal approving black-outs and exclusions from critical historical war documents showing Serbia's involvement in the Bosnian war of the 1990s. She was fined €7,000 (£6,100). The fine was later converted into a seven-day prison sentence, for which the ICTY issued an arrest warrant. In December 2011, France refused to extradite her. Career Hartmann worked for eleven years for the French daily Le Monde as a journalist in charge of the Balkan desk. From January 1990 until May 1994, she was Le Monde correspondent for the former Yugoslavia. In 1999 she published her first book, Milosevic, la diagonale du fou (later reissued by Gallimard in 2002). From October 2000 until October 2006, Hartmann was official spokesperson and Balkan adviser to Carla Del Ponte, chief prosecutor of the ICTY at The Hague. Her book, Paix et châtiment, Les guerres secrètes de la politique et de la justice internationales, regarding the politics of international justice and her version of how the ICTY and the ICTR functioned, was published by Parisian publisher Groupe Flammarion in September 2007. In 2014, she published a book on whistleblowers, Lanceurs d'alerte, les mauvaises consciences de nos démocraties (published by Donquichotte Editions). In July 2015, she issued a book that reveals the role of the west in the runup to Srebrenica's fall, The Srebrenica Affair: The Blood of Realpolitik, She was the first journalist to discover in October 1992 the existence and location of a mass grave at Ovčara (Croatia) containing the remains of 263 people who were taken from Vukovar's hospital to a nearby farm and killed on 20 November 1991 by Serb forces. On 25 May 2006, she gave evidence before the ICTY in the "Vukovar massacre case" against three Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) officers -- Mile Mrkšić, Miroslav Radić and Veselin Šljivančanin—who had been indicted in relation to the Ovčara incident. On 10 December 2011, Hartmann was given a lifetime achievement award for her contribution to the protection and promotion of human rights by the Croatian Helsinki Committee for Human Rights. Contempt of Court in the ICTY On 27 August 2008, Hartmann was indicted by the Tribunal for disclosing, in her book, Paix et châtiment, Les guerres secrètes de la politique et de la justice internationales, confidential information pertaining to two decisions of the Tribunal approving blackouts and exclusions from critical historical war documents provided by Belgrade for the trial of the former Serbian President Slobodan Milošević and showing Serbia's involvement in the Srebrenica massacre. Hartmann posited that the ICTY Appeals Chamber had used invalid legal reasoning to effectively censor evidence which might have implicated Serbia-Montenegro in the alleged commission of genocide in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the 1990s Balkans wars. She specifically criticized the ICTY Appeals Chamber for improperly denying victims of mass atrocities the ability to access information critical to their ability to obtain reparations for crimes committed against them and their relatives. She argued that the war documents censored by the ICTY should have been made available during a separate trial at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in which Bosnia unsuccessfully tried to sue Serbia for genocide, because they could not prove a direct link between Belgrade and war crimes committed in Bosnia – most notably the massacre of up to 8,000 Bosniak men and boys around Srebrenica in 1995. The Tribunal decision to grant confidentiality for the key portions of Belgrade war documents acknowledged that disclosure would harm Serbia's "vital national interests" by failing to protect Serbia from having to pay damages to Bosnia in Bosnia's suit then-pending at the ICJ. The issue at trial was whether the information she disclosed – "the existence and the purported effect" of the two impugned confidential decisions of the ICTY Appeals Chamber’s dated 20 September 2005 and 6 April 2006 – was confidential or whether only the key evidence Serbia sought to censor was protected by a Court order. On 14 September 2009, the ICTY found Hartmann guilty of contempt of court and was sentenced to pay a €7,000 (£6,100) fine for disclosing information relating to the two confidential ICTY Court orders that deprive victims and public from access to documents on Serbia's involvement in planning and executing the Srebrenica genocide in 1995. While the Chamber found that "some protected information disclosed by the Accused in her publications was indeed in the public domain", it considered that she disclosed "more information, notably the legal reasoning applied by the Appeals Chamber in reaching its dispositions, as well as the purported effects of both Appeals Chamber decisions". She was convicted on these grounds of violating two appellate orders dated 20 September 2005 and 6 April 2006 issued in the Slobodan Milosević case before the ICTY. On 24 September 2009, Hartmann launched an appeal against the conviction. The London-based international NGO called Article 19, which is dedicated to the protection and promotion of freedom of speech submitted an amicus curiae brief, calling the ICTY Appeals Chamber to apply the international standards allegedly disregarded by the Trial Chamber. On 19 July 2011, the ICTY Appeals Chamber dismissed all the grounds of appeal advanced by Hartmann and confirmed the conviction, limiting it exclusively to the "disclosure of the legal reasoning of the two impugned confidential decisions". The imposition of the €7,000 fine was upheld. In March 2011, prior to the issuing of the appeal judgement against Hartmann, the impugned confidential decisions criticized by Hartmann were turned down. Most of the critical documents provided by Belgrade for the trial of Slobodan Milosević in relation to which confidentiality orders had initially been made were released by the ICTY and admitted as public evidence in the ICTY case against Momčilo Perišić, former Yugoslav Army chief of staff. The only information pertaining to the 2005 and 2006 confidentiality Court orders that still remains protected is therefore the Appeals Chamber’s legal reasoning. However, no ban was ordered in the ICTY Appeal judgment in relation to the three impugned pages of her book or her articles. In reaction to Hartmann's conviction by the ICTY, several international NGOs have criticized the ICTY for hiding its "legal reasoning" while the publicity of criminal proceedings is a general principle of criminal and international law which aim is to guarantee the transparency and public control of judicial proceedings. Reporters Without Borders and Article 19 condemned a conviction contravening international case law relating to freedom of expression. Reporters Without Borders stated that "it is the duty of the press to highlight how this internationally created system of justice works, to question its procedures and to stimulate public discussion". "Article 19 believes that such an insistence on keeping the logic and effect of the ICTY's jurisprudence secret is profoundly undemocratic and manifestly inappropriate for an international criminal court", adding that "[t]o impose such a penalty on a journalist for bringing transparency and accountability to the ICTY raises troubling questions about the Tribunal's democratic legitimacy". The €7,000 fine was deposited by Hartmann into a French dedicated bank account along with an invitation to the ICTY to seek assistance to the French authorities in order to collect these funds for the purposes of paying the fine. The ICTY Appeals Chamber deemed the money not to have been paid and converted, on 16 November 2011, the €7,000 fine into a seven-day prison term. An arrest warrant for contempt of court was issued by the ICTY on the same day, ordering France to transfer immediately Hartmann to The Hague and the Netherlands to assist in taking her to the United Nations detention unit. The French government refused to extradite Hartmann and informed the ICTY of this refusal on 27 December 2011. In November 2011, Reporters Without Borders urged the French judiciary to determine the validity of the arrest warrant and to consider the merits of the case in accordance with the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. "The European Court of Human Rights has consistently emphasized the public interest in the reporting of legal issues. It would be illogical and dangerous if international justice was exempt." On 30 November 2011, Article 19 denounced the unlawfulness of the arrest warrant and "calls on all states, particularly the French and Dutch authorities, to avoid complicity in this perversion of international justice and to resist carrying out the order". Article 19 insisted that the human rights guarantees enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) should take priority over the ICTY and recalled that under the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, French authorities as well as the authorities of the 46 other member states to the European Convention are obliged to verify the legality of the ICTY orders which they are asked to execute. Hartmann began petitioning Frank La Rue, United Nations Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Opinion and Expression, and Dunja Mijatović, the Representative for Freedom of the Media of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), on 30 November. As there is no appeal before an independent jurisdiction from a decision of the ICTY, Hartmann is seeking from the Special Rapporteurs a judgement that the ICTY decision against her violates international standards of protection of the right of freedom of expression and that upholding or executing the arrest warrant against her would constitute a further violation of this right. Reporters Without Borders called on both rapporteurs to remind international courts that they are subject to international norms, especially those concerning freedom of expression, noting that "[b]eyond the Hartmann case itself, the decision to penalize criticism of an international tribunal is a dangerous precedent for all those working in the media." On 24 March 2016, Hartmann was arrested by UN guards as she gave an interview near the war crimes tribunal building. She was granted early release on 29 March 2016. The Srebrenica Affair The book L'affaire Srebrenica: Le Sang De La Realpolitik (The Srebrenica Affair: The Blood of Realpolitik) by Hartmann, was published by Éditions Don Quichotte, Paris, on 7 July 2015." The book is an analysis of events leading to the fall of Srebrenica. References Further reading ICTY's Order in lieu of an indictment against Florence Hartmann Judgement on Allegations of Contempt, 14 September 2009 Appeals Judgement, 19 July 2011 Article19 Brief filed in the Appeal case against Hartmann before the ICTY; see also the shortened version here Category:1963 births Category:French journalists Category:Living people Category:Place of birth missing (living people) Category:People indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia Category:People convicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia Category:Imprisoned journalists

DLEU1 In molecular biology, deleted in lymphocytic leukemia 1 (non-protein coding), also known as DLEU1, is a long non-coding RNA. In humans it is located on chromosome 13q14. The DLEU1 gene was originally identified as a potential tumour suppressor gene and is often deleted in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It was later discovered to be a long non-coding RNA with over 20 different splice variants. See also Long noncoding RNA References Further reading Category:Non-coding RNA

Xin Hua (software) Xin Hua () is a Mandarin speaking Vocal for Vocaloid 3 made for Taiwan. She was developed by the Yamaha Corporation and distributed by Facio, in collaboration with Gynoid Co., Ltd. Development Xin Hua was introduced through a webpage on January 16, 2015. The page contained information about her age, voice provider, and product information. She was released on February 10 and was first distributed through TICA, along with other goods and merchandise. She was mostly aimed at the Taiwan market and was very difficult, but not impossible, to get outside of Taiwan. Despite this, she was quite popular and in April 2015, her physical packages that were put out for sale at the NicoNico Choukaigi event were completely sold out. It later explained that her name derived from "桃之夭夭，灼灼其華", a line from the classic poem Tao Yao which translates to "The peach tree is young and elegant, brilliant are its flowers". Gynoid thought that a peach tree or blossom suited her cute concept and better represented the youth of a sixteen year old high school girl, thus she was given the name "Xin Hua". It was noted that they wanted the name to also fit the phrase, "最美的風景是人心", meaning "The most beautiful scenery in Taiwan is the heart of Taiwanese people". This is due to Taiwan being famous for its hospitality. Characteristics She wears a Taiwanese school uniform and has a pet bear called "Xiao Hua (小花 Xiǎo Huā) ". See also List of Vocaloid products References Category:Vocaloids introduced in 2015 Category:Fictional singers

Terrence W. Wilcutt Terrence Wade Wilcutt (born October 31, 1949) is a United States Marine Corps officer and a NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of four Space Shuttle missions. Wilcutt is currently the Director of Safety and Mission Assurance, Johnson Space Center. Personal Born October 31, 1949, in Russellville, Kentucky, but raised in Louisville, Kentucky, Wilcutt graduated from Southern High School in 1967; and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Mathematics in 1974 from Western Kentucky University where he was a member of the Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity. He then taught high school math for two years before entering the United States Marine Corps. He was commissioned in 1976 and earned his aviator wings in 1978. Following initial F-4 Phantom training with squadron VMFAT-101, he reported to VMFA-235 at Marine Corps Air Station Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. While assigned to VMFA-235, Wilcutt attended the U.S. Navy Fighter Weapons School ("TOPGUN"), and made two overseas deployments to Japan, Korea, and the Philippines. In 1983 he was selected for F/A-18 conversion training, and served as an F/A-18 Fighter Weapons and Air Combat Maneuvering Instructor with VFA-125, Naval Air Station Lemoore, California. In 1986, Wilcutt was selected to attend the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School. Following graduation, he was assigned as a test pilot/project officer for Strike Aircraft Test Directorate (SATD) at the Naval Air Test Center, NAS Patuxent River, Maryland. While assigned to SATD, Wilcutt flew the F/A-18 Hornet, the A-7 Corsair II, the F-4 Phantom, and various other aircraft while serving in a wide variety of projects and classified programs. He has over 6,600 flight hours in more than 30 different aircraft. NASA career Wilcutt was selected as an astronaut candidate in 1990; he piloted missions STS-68 (1994) and STS-79 (1996). Wilcutt commanded mission STS-89 (1998) to the Mir space station and STS-106 (2000) to the International Space Station. Spaceflight experience STS-68 Endeavour (September 30 to October 11, 1994) was part of NASA's Mission to Planet Earth. STS-68, Space Radar Lab-2 (SRL-2), was the second flight of three advanced radars called SIR-C/X-SAR (Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar), and a carbon-monoxide pollution sensor, MAPS (Measurement of Air Pollution from Satellites). SIR-C/X-SAR and MAPS operated together in Endeavour's cargo bay to study Earth's surface and atmosphere, creating radar images of Earth's surface environment and mapping global production and transport of carbon monoxide pollution. Real-time crew observations of environmental conditions, along with over 14,000 photographs, aided the science team in interpreting the SRL data. The SRL-2 mission was a highly successful test of technology intended for long-term environmental and geological monitoring of planet Earth. STS-68 launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California. Mission duration was 11 days, 5 hours, 46 minutes, traveling 4.7 million miles in 183 orbits of the Earth. STS-79 Atlantis (September 16–26, 1996), the fourth in the joint American-Russian Shuttle-Mir series of missions, launched from and returned to land at Kennedy Space Center, Florida. STS-79 rendezvoused with the Russian Mir space station and ferried supplies, personnel, and scientific equipment to this base 240 miles above the Earth. The crew transferred over 3.5 tons of supplies to and from the Mir and exchanged U.S. astronauts on Mir for the first time – leaving John Blaha and bringing Shannon Lucid home after her record six months stay aboard Mir. Mission duration was 10 days, 3 hours, 18 minutes, traveling 3.9 million miles in 159 orbits of the Earth. STS-89 Endeavour (January 22–31, 1998), was the eighth Shuttle-Mir docking mission during which the crew transferred more than 9,000 pounds of scientific equipment, logistical hardware and water from Space Shuttle Endeavour to Mir. In the fifth and last exchange of a U.S. astronaut, STS-89 delivered Andy Thomas to Mir and returned with David Wolf. Mission duration was 8 days, 19 hours and 47 seconds, traveling 3.6 million miles in 138 orbits of the Earth. STS-106 Atlantis (September 8–20, 2000) was a 12-day mission during which the crew successfully prepared the International Space Station for the arrival of the first permanent crew. The five astronauts and two cosmonauts delivered more than 6,600 pounds of supplies and installed batteries, power converters, life support, and exercise equipment on the Space Station. Two crew members performed a space walk in order to connect power, data and communications cables to the newly arrived Zvezda Service Module and the Space Station. STS-106 orbited the Earth 185 times, and covered 4.9 million miles in 11 days, 19 hours, and 10 minutes. Special honors Defense Superior Service Medal (1995) Distinguished Flying Cross (1998) Defense Meritorious Service Medal (1997) Navy Commendation Medal (1990) Sea Service Deployment Ribbon NASA Distinguished Service Medal (2001) NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal (2000) NASA Exceptional Service Medal (1998) NASA Space Flight Medals (4), (1994, 1996, 1998, 2000) American Astronautical Society Flight Achievement Award (1997) V.M. Komarov Diploma, Federation Aeronautique Internationale (FAI) space award for outstanding achievements in the field of exploration of outer space. Distinguished Alumnus, Western Kentucky University Honorary Ph.D. of Science, Western Kentucky University (2000). References Biography of Terrence W. Wilcutt at JSC.NASA.gov Biography of Terrence W. Wilcutt at Spacefacts.de External links Sidebar "Together in Space" Category:1949 births Category:Living people Category:American astronauts Category:United States Marine Corps astronauts Category:People from Russellville, Kentucky Category:Military personnel from Louisville, Kentucky Category:Western Kentucky University alumni Category:United States Naval Test Pilot School alumni Category:United States Marine Corps officers Category:United States Naval Aviators Category:American test pilots Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States) Category:Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal Category:Recipients of the NASA Distinguished Service Medal Category:Recipients of the NASA Exceptional Service Medal Category:American schoolteachers Category:Southern High School (Kentucky) alumni Category:Space Shuttle program astronauts

Isaac Abendana Isaac Abendana (ca. 1640 – 1699) was the younger brother of Jacob Abendana, and became hakam of the Spanish Portuguese Synagogue in London after his brother died. Abendana moved to England before his brother, in 1662, and taught Hebrew at Cambridge University. He completed an unpublished Latin translation of the Mishnah for the university in 1671. While he was at Cambridge, Abendana sold Hebrew books to the Bodleian Library of Oxford, and in 1689 he took a teaching position in Magdalen College. In Oxford, he wrote a series of Jewish almanacs for Christians, which he later collected and compiled as the Discourses on the Ecclesiastical and Civil Polity of the Jews (1706). Like his brother, he maintained an extensive correspondence with leading Christian scholars of his time, most notably with the philosopher Ralph Cudworth, master of Christ's College, Cambridge. Notes Category:Sephardi Jews Category:Spanish and Portuguese Jews Category:Spanish emigrants to the United Kingdom Category:Magdalen College, Oxford Category:Academics of the University of Cambridge Category:1640s births Category:1699 deaths

1931–32 Elitserien season The 1931–32 Elitserien season was the fifth season of the Elitserien, the top level ice hockey league in Sweden. Eight teams participated in the league, and AIK won the league championship. Final standings External links 1931-32 season Category:Elitserien (1927–35) seasons Category:1931–32 in Swedish ice hockey Sweden

Diaethria astala Diaethria astala, the faded eighty-eight or navy eighty-eight, is a species of butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found from Mexico to Colombia. The larvae feed on Serjania, Paullinia and Cardiospermum species. Subspecies Diaethria astala astala (Mexico) Diaethria astala asteria (Mexico) Diaethria astala asteroide (Mexico) External links Images Image Category:Biblidinae Category:Butterflies described in 1844 Category:Nymphalidae of South America

Anatoly Chertkov Anatoly Chertkov (; 17 July 1936 in Tula Oblast – 22 October 2014 in Rostov-on-Don) was a Russian midfield footballer. He was a Master of Sports of the USSR. Biography He debuted professionally in 1958 with the FC SKVO Rostov-on-Don, playing in the Soviet First League. He played with them for nine seasons, scoring 16 goals in 286 matches. He transferred to FC Rostov for a final season, retiring in 1968. References Category:1936 births Category:2014 deaths Category:Soviet footballers Category:Russian footballers Category:FC Rostov players Category:Honoured Masters of Sport of the USSR Category:Association football midfielders Category:FC SKA Rostov-on-Don players

Barney Is My Darling Barney Is My Darling was a British television sitcom aired from 1965 to 1966 on BBC1. It starred Bill Fraser, Irene Handl, Angela Crow, and Pat Coombs. All six episodes are believed to be lost. Episode list 17.12.65 - Home Is The Sailor (pilot) 23.12.65 - The £2,000 A Year Man 31.12.65 - The Twenty-Six Year Itch 07.01.66 - Weddings, Funerals And Christenings 14.01.66 - My Son! My Son! 21.01.66 - The Prodigal Son References External links Barney Is My Darling on IMDb Category:1965 British television series debuts Category:1966 British television series endings Category:Lost BBC episodes Category:Black-and-white British television programmes Category:English-language television programs Category:1960s British sitcoms Category:BBC television sitcoms

YFC YFC may refer to the following: National Federation of Young Farmers' Clubs, a British youth club which helps support young people in agriculture and the countryside Young Farmers Club, regional clubs affiliated with New Zealand Young Farmers Youth for Christ, a Christian organization often abbreviated to YFC The IATA airport code for Fredericton International Airport, New Brunswick, Canada Yadanarbon F.C., an association football club in Myanmar Ypiranga Futebol Clube, a Brazilian professional association football club

Anna Thammudu Anna Thammudu may refer to: Anna Thammudu (1958 film), a Telugu drama film Anna Thammudu (1990 film), a Telugu action drama film

F. gracilis F. gracilis may refer to: Farlowella gracilis, a catfish species Ficus gracilis, a sea snail species Fluviopupa gracilis, a gastropod species endemic to Australia Froelichia gracilis, a plant species in the genus Froelichia found in Ohio See also Gracilis (disambiguation)

Technological University, Pathein Technological University (Pathein) is situated at the Apin-ne-se village which is in Pathein District, the Ayeyawady Division, Myanmar. It was opened on 27 December 1999. The university is run by Ministry of Education (Myanmar). Departments Department of Civil Engineering Department of Electronic and Communication Department of Electrical Power Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechatronics Engineering Department of Information Technology Programs E.G.T.I Diploma Courses A.G.T.I Diploma Courses B.Tech Degree Courses B.E Degree Courses for following engineering majors: Civil Engineering Electronics Engineering Electrical Engineering Mechanical Engineering CNC Engineering Information Technology Mechatronics Engineering Degree Offer External links Category:Ayeyarwady Region Category:Educational institutions established in 1999 Category:Technological universities in Myanmar

Peacemaker (1990 film) Peacemaker is a 1990 American science fiction action film written and directed by Kevin Tenney. Executive produced by Charles W. Fries and Joel Levine, the film stars Robert Davi, Lance Edwards, and Robert Forster, and follows a doctor who becomes intertwined in a conflict between two extraterrestrials. Plot An alien spacecraft is seen entering the Earth's atmosphere near Los Angeles and crashes into the Pacific Ocean. Nearby, two lovers, witness the crash and one goes to see if anyone survive. As the other awaits on the beach, she's frighten when a strange man appears. When she screams her boyfriend runs to see only to find her alone, begging him to take her home. Meanwhile, the stranger, apparently the traveler who survived the crash, (Lance Edwards), makes his way to the city, finds a police cruiser and attempts to steal a shotgun but is caught doing so by a police officer. But in trying to arrest the stranger, the officer is thrown over five feet, with one punch by the stranger, into the cruiser's windshield while being handcuffed which alerts the other officer who arrives to help and fires his weapon only to see the Stranger fall and, immediately, rise and run away. During the pursuit, the stranger hurdles over and clears a high wooden fence and runs into a heavy wooden door only to be momentarily stopped. Upon which he runs into and breaks down the door with his body. Running to elude the police, he rushes into an apartment that is occupied by several people. When they pull out knives to defend themselves, the stranger attacks them, throwing the woman through the apartment door when the police officers arrive. The officer stare inside as they watch the stranger make short work of the two men. One, he sends through the apartment wall. When the officers fires on him he crashes through the apartment window and falls to the ground. When the officers go down to see the body, They're startled to see the stranger quickly rise up screaming and they fire their guns, apparently, killing him. It's then when one officer asks to check under the Stranger's jacket to see if the stranger had large, "S" under it remarking, "I think we just killed 'Clark Kent.'" Later, the stranger's body is taken to the medical examiner. At the same time, a man, (Robert Forster), monitoring the police, hears of the spacecraft crashing and a possible suspect killed and sent to the Morgue, and rushes out of his seedy apartment with a .44 Magnum revolver in hand. The Stranger's body is about to be examined by Asst. Medical Examiner Dori Caisson, (Hilary Shepard), when she sees that the bullet holes on his body start to glow and his skin miraculously heal. Still staring, she's horrified to see the stranger rise from the autopsy table and seize her. As they leave, they're stopped by the security guard, Moses, (Wally Taylor), who is attacked by the stranger and is rendered unconscious. The stranger forces Dori out to the roof parking lot and into her car. It's then that the man from the apartment rushes up and aims his gun at the stranger who yells out the man's name (which sounds like "Yates", which is the man's name in the Alien's language). With Yates firing his gun at him, the stranger, who's at the steering wheel, drives forward, and abruptly starts into reverse, at high speed, toward Yates knocking him over the side of the building where he lands into a tree, severely injured. Yates runs off where he brakes into a closed library and he begins to heal in the same manner as the stranger. At the Examiner's Office the guard is questioned by Detective Sergeant Frank Ramos (Robert Davi), with the Chief Medical Examiner, "Doc", (Bert Remsen) present. He explains that Dori was kidnapped by one of the "corpses" who attacked him and fled with her. Ramos does not believe Moses, but Doc tells him that the body of the stranger, who was killed by the police officers, is missing. Dori and the stranger end up at her home where he forces her into a chair and turns on her TV and radio to listening to all the programs. When Dori attempts to call the Police, thinking the Stranger distracted, he catches her and ties her up with the telephone cord and later they fall asleep. the next day Dori awakes to find the stranger wearing her late husband clothes. When she ask why he's wearing them she was surprised to find the stranger say "Forgive me, I was cold." Saying that she did not believe that he understood her, he remarked that he could not until he had listened to all the TV programs. Dori remarked that he was not from around here to which he said "No. I'm from another planet". Still shocked after thinking he was dead, the stranger wondered why Dori thought he was dead because he had not begun to decompose. Dori stated that his injuries where fatal to humans. The stranger explained that his kind regenerate their major organs and die only after they suffer massive damage to their brain. When the stranger inquired as to humans, Dori wryly says, "No, we just go to work for the Department of Motor Vehicles". Baffled by the joke because his kind do not joke nor understand them, Dori tricks the stranger and escapes only to be caught at her car with her behind the steering wheel. Attempting to flee, she threaten to run him over. The stranger stops her by putting his foot on her car's bumper as she tries running him down. Dori pleaded with him to let her go. The Stranger stated that he needed her to get his clothing for his crashed ship to lift off because the control card was in them and that he must return to his world because he is a "Peacemaker". "A policeman". Surprised and upset, Dori asked his name. He said "Townsend". Looking a little disappointed Dori said, "I thought your name would be Darth Vader or something". Meanwhile, Yates is caught by the police, that day, in the Library and handcuffed. He then shears off his hand that was cuffed and escapes. Going to a phone booth, Yates finds Dori's address. Dori and Townsend, finding that the police was looking for them and that they could not get to the control card return to Dori's home to find Yates waiting and he attacks them. Knocking out Dori and damaging her home, Yates flees, with Townsend chasing him. Yates steals a pickup truck. With Townsend in the back of the truck they fight over control of it. Dori is discovered by Ramos at her home and is notified that Townsend and Yates were seen and that police cruisers was dispatched to stop them. After crashing through roadblocks and high-speed police chases, the truck swerves and explodes into flames. Later that day, Ramos questions Dori at the police station about the attack on her and why Townsend, apparently not dead, kidnapped her. She said that she could not say positively why he was not dead but that both Yates and Townsend were possibly high on and drugs and that fooled her and cause the attack. Ramos, not believing but having no other explanation, lets Dori go. Dori goes to her destroyed home only be captured by Yates who takes her to a deserted location. With wounds, Yates tells Dori that he is a Peacemaker and that Townsend was sent to kill someone who was in his world's Witness Protection. As Yates regenerates he tells Dori that when he joked with her, he could because he had lived on Earth for over 20 years and that if Townsend had a black card with him he needed it because it had the identity of Townsend's victim. Dori, somewhat believing, returns to her home only to be captured by Townsend this time, Who take her to a motel and now tries to convince her that Yates is lying and is a serial killer he was pursuing when they entered a "black hole" together. Before Dori could have the chance to believe him a S.W.A.T team surrounds the motel with Ramos in charge. Ordering Townsend to surrender, Townsend, dragging Dori, escapes by going through the walls into adjacent rooms and steals a motel patron's car. Still not being sure and Townsend having a gun, Dori helps Townsend find a cheap hotel to hold up but has second thoughts about him and she escapes him by running over him in a delivery van. Townsend hangs on but is scraped from underneath the van after holding onto the tailpipe. Dori finds Yates and take him to Townsend. Townsend, surprised at Dori, faces Yates who suddenly turns his gun on Dori and threaten to kill her if Townsend did not surrender the control card. Dori, surprised, as well, asked "How could you both have traveled here and arrived differently?" Yates sarcastically said that "We entered the blackhole at the same time but we came out 20 years apart". Still threaten Dori, Yates starts to torture her. Townsend relents and lays down his shotgun. Looking at Townsend, Yates tells him to open his jacket where Townsend has a "nasty scar". Telling Yates he got it by being ran over by a van, Yates, mockingly jokes, "You do look a little "run down" and turns to Dori and says mockingly, "A joke". With Yates distracted Townsend attacks him and both fight. Yates gets the upper hand, however, and has Townsend dangling from a terrace. Dori, seeing Townsend, attacks Yates but he hits her and places the muzzle of the gun in her mouth to kill her. Townsend, still dangling, reaches into his wound and produce a .38 caliber revolver and fires it into Yates' head where he falls onto electric wires, burst into flames and falls to the ground where he explodes and decomposes in less than 20 seconds. The commotion brings Ramos to the hotel and finds Dori with Townsend's body. Ramos ask what happen and how did Townsend die this time. Dori came up with a plausible explanation to where Ramos ask "Is that the truth?" Dori's only answer is "Well, it's my story and i'm sticking to it". Later, at the Medical Examiner's, Dori opens the vault that holds Townsend's body and looking down on him he opens his eyes and looks at her. She smiles and, holding the control card she says "Surf's Up". On the beach, Dori knowing that Townsend was going to try for his ship, with her head hanging down, she tells him "Why do you even have to try?" Townsend remarks, "Because i am a Peacemaker!" Dori, at last says "I wish I could say a joke about now." Townsend, sadly says "Why? I would not understand it, anyway". Cast References External links Category:1990 films Category:1990s science fiction action films Category:American science fiction action films Category:American films Category:English-language films Category:Films directed by Kevin S. Tenney Category:Films about extraterrestrial life

Shoja, East Azerbaijan Shoja (, also Romanized as Shojā‘) is a village in Shoja Rural District, in the Central District of Jolfa County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,287, in 617 families. References Category:Populated places in Jolfa County

Archelaus (son of Androcles) Archelaus was the Macedonian phrourarch of the Bactrian rock called Aornos in 326 BC. References Who's Who in the Age of Alexander the Great Edited by: Waldemar Heckel Category:Phrourarchs of Alexander the Great Category:4th-century BC Macedonians Category:Hetairoi

Nicola Baldwin Nicola Baldwin is a British playwright and scriptwriter. Life She wrote for "Where the Heart Is (1997 TV series)", and "Have Your Cake" for BBC Radio 4. Awards 1993 George Devine Award 1993 Time Out Award, Best New Play Works Confetti, Oval House Theatre, London, 1992; The Last Refuge, London, 2012; Map Studio, London, 2012 Undeveloped Land, Chelsea Theatre, London, 1993 The Gift, Y Touring Theatre Company, 1995 Cracked, Y Touring Theatre Company, 1996 23:59, Crucible Theatre, Sheffield, 1999 The Rib Cage, Royal Exchange Theatre Studio, Manchester, 1999 Leap of Faith, Y Touring Theatre and National Theatre Education, Albany Theatre, London, 2005 The Thirteenth Devil, BBC Radio 4, Afternoon Play, 2006 Beowulf, Ball Court, Prior Park College, Bath, 2007 Metropolis, Ball Court, Prior Park College, Bath, 2008 Seven Scenes, BBC Radio 3, The Wire, 2011 Tony and Rose, BBC Radio 4, Afternoon Play, 2013 Blackshirts, Royal National Theatre Studio, 2013 All Saints, The Last Refuge, London, 2013; The Kings Head, London, 2013 References External links "Writing The Gift: Nicola Baldwin", Y Touring Theatre company Nicola Baldwin website Nicola Baldwin at Royal Literary Fund Nicola Baldwin on IMDb Nicola Baldwin films at Lux Category:British dramatists and playwrights Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people

Prince Polo Prince Polo is a Polish chocolate bar. It is sold in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Lithuania and Ukraine under the name Siesta, and is also sold in Iceland, where it is colloquially known as “Prins Póló”. According to measurements shown by Nielsen, the bar has been the most sold chocolate bar for decades in Iceland and was for many years one of the few chocolate bars available in the country. It has long been Poland's top-selling candy brand. Prince Polo was introduced in 1955, during the early years of the Polish People's Republic, by Olza S.A. in Cieszyn. It is a chocolate-covered wafer, with four layers of wafer joined by three layers of chocolate-flavored filling; it was easily identifiable by its metallic gold-colored wrapper. The company, which was founded in 1920, was purchased by Kraft Jacobs Suchard in 1993. In 1995 the Prince Polo packaging was revised with a new logo; the bar was no longer wrapped in paper and was instead sealed in plastic. Subsequently, several new varieties of Prince Polo were introduced, beginning with Hazelnut (Orzechowy) in 1996, and later milk chocolate, coconut, and Premium (claimed to be a more luxurious version). A larger XXL (52 g) size was also added. In popular culture Prins Póló is an Icelandic indie-pop band/solo project/moniker of Svavar Pétur Eysteinsson, member of Icelandic alternative-rock band Skakkamanage "Prins Póló" is an Icelandic song by Sumargleðin performed by Magnús "Bjössi Bolla" Ólafsson, where he is nicknamed Prins Póló because of his love for the chocolate bar See also Krówki, literally "little cows," are Polish fudge, semi-soft milk toffee candies. List of Polish desserts References External links Prince Polo Iceland website Category:Chocolate bars Category:Polish desserts Category:Cieszyn Category:Mondelēz brands Category:Polish brands Category:Brand name chocolate

Walter Scott (Australian cricketer) Walter Aubrey Scott (19 February 1907 – 23 October 1989) was an Australian cricketer who played a single first-class match for Victoria during the 1929–30 season. A right-handed batsman from Melbourne, Scott's sole match at first-class level came against Tasmania in February 1930, at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. Victoria scored 451 runs in its only innings to win by an innings and 95 runs, with Scott contributing 21 runs opening the batting with the team's captain, Edward Tolhurst. Aged 22 at the time of his debut, he did not play again at first-class level, but played two further matches for Victoria Country—against the touring South Africans during the 1931–32 season and against the touring MCC side the season after. Scott died in October 1989, aged 82. See also List of Victoria first-class cricketers References Category:1907 births Category:1989 deaths Category:Australian cricketers Category:Cricketers from Melbourne Category:Victoria cricketers

Trocka metro station Trocka is a subway station in Warsaw's Targówek district. It is part of the extension of the subway line M2 from Dworzec Wileński to Targówek, with construction started in 2016. All three stations opened on September 15, 2019. History On March 11, 2016, a 1 billion zł (€225 million) contract was awarded to the Italian company, Astaldi to build the first phase of the North-East second subway line extension with 3.2 kilometres (2.0 mi) of track and 3 stations: Szwedzka, Targówek and Trocka. On April 30, construction on Szwedzka station started, and on May 2, the other two stations started construction. Construction site External links Detailed map of Line M2 from official Warsaw Metro site References Category:Warsaw Metro stations Category:Railway stations opened in 2019 Category:Targówek Category:2019 establishments in Poland

Łagiewniki, Włocławek County Łagiewniki () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Włocławek, within Włocławek County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately south of Włocławek and south-east of Toruń. Part of Łagiewniki was formerly known locally as Nowy Jork (Polish for New York), from a nickname given by the parish priest in the 1950s, perhaps due to its distance from the village centre or its perceived prosperity. This name came to be listed in the official records of place names, and was among the 365 names changed or delisted by the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs with effect from 1 January 2010. The delisting of Nowy Jork attracted nationwide television and press coverage. References Category:Villages in Włocławek County

Chante Hier Pour Aujourd'hui Chante Hier Pour Aujourd'hui is Candan Erçetin's fifth solo album. It contain cover versions of popular songs of France. She mostly sings the songs on this album in French (except "Le Meteque" has some Turkish lyrics and "La Vie en Rose" has some German lyrics). "Il Me Semble" is the French translation of "Korkarım" from her Neden album. This album was publicated in only Turkey and France. Track listing "Non, Je Ne Regrette Rien" (Marc Hayel, Charles Dumont, Michel Vaucaire) - 2:15 "Hier Encore" (Charles Aznavour) - 3:06 "Parole" (Michaele, M. Chiosso, G. Ferrio) (featuring Mercan Dede) - 4:43 "Le Meteque" (Georges Moustaki) - 3:59 "Ne Me Quitte Pas" (Jacques Brel) - 3:54 "Johnny Tu N'es Pas Un Ange v:1" (Francis Lemarque, Les Paul) - 3:56 "Avant De Nous Dire Adieu" (M. Mallory, J. Renard) - 5:08 "Padam... Padam..." (Glanzberg, Contet) - 2:52 "La Boheme" (Charles Aznavour) - 5:28 "Et Maintenant" (Pierre Delanoe, Gilbert Becaud) - 4:49 "La Vie En Rose" (Edith Piaf, Louiguy) - 3:44 "Milord" (Georges Moustaki, Marqguerite Monnot) (featuring Mercan Dede) - 3:52 "Il Me Semble" (Aylin Atalay, Neslihan Engin, Candan Erçetin) - 3:17 "Johnny Tu N'es Pas Un Ange v:2" (Francis Lemarque, Les Paul) - 3:00 Notes: Category:Candan Erçetin albums Category:2003 albums Category:French-language albums

Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao, billed as the Fight of the Century or the Battle for Greatness, was a professional boxing match between undefeated five-division world champion Floyd Mayweather Jr. and eight-division world champion Manny Pacquiao. It took place on May 2, 2015, at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada. Mayweather Jr. won the contest by unanimous decision, with two judges scoring it 116–112 and the other 118–110. Although the fight was considered to be one of the most anticipated sporting events in history, it was largely considered a letdown by critics and audiences alike upon its broadcast. Despite predictions that Mayweather–Pacquiao would be the highest-grossing fight in history as early as 2009, disagreements between the two professional boxers' camps on terms for the fight prevented the bout from coming to fruition until 2015. The failure to arrange the Mayweather–Pacquiao fight was named the 2010 Event of the Year by The Ring. Serious negotiations were kickstarted in 2014 by an unlikely source: a Hollywood waiter and part-time actor, Gabriel Salvador, made a key introduction between Pacquiao's trainer and confidant Freddie Roach and CBS President Les Moonves, who both worked to facilitate the match. By 2015, negotiations for the fight had been finalized, with all of the major issues that prevented the fight from happening in the past resolved, including purse split, drug testing and location. The fight was televised through a pay-per-view (PPV) jointly produced by HBO and Showtime, the respective rightsholders of Pacquiao and Mayweather. In the Philippines, the fight was also broadcast in simulcast across three of the country's major broadcast television networks. The fight was expected to be the most lucrative in the history of professional boxing: with an initial estimate of 4.4 million purchases, the PPV alone broke revenue records in the United States (U.S.) with $410 million in revenue, making it the highest-grossing PPV in history, surpassing Mayweather–Álvarez in 2013. By September 2015, the figure had been amended to 4.6 million. The broadcast of the fight in the Philippines was watched by nearly half the country's households. Due to the record high price of the PPV, the fight was also widely broadcast through unauthorized online streams on services such as Periscope. Despite the large amount of hype that surrounded it, critics felt that the bout itself was disappointing, primarily citing Mayweather's defense-oriented strategy in the ring and Pacquiao's difficulty in landing punches on Mayweather. This had led to some critics re-labelling the fight 'Better Never Than Late' rather than 'Fight of the Century'. It was later revealed following the event that Pacquiao had sustained an undisclosed injury to his right shoulder while training and that while it had healed in time for the fight, he re-injured it during the fourth round. Further controversy emerged when it was revealed that prior to the fight, Mayweather had been administered IV fluids cleared by the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) through a retroactive "therapeutic use exemption"—an exemption, however, not authorized by the Nevada State Athletic Commission (NSAC). Background When the fight was announced, Mayweather was 38 years old and still undefeated, with a perfect professional record of 47 wins and no losses. On June 6, 2008, six months after defeating Ricky Hatton by a tenth-round technical knockout, Mayweather announced his retirement from boxing. At the time, plans were in motion for a rematch with Oscar De La Hoya, which was going to take place September 20, 2008. "This decision was not an easy one for me to make as boxing is all I have done since I was a child," Mayweather said. "However, these past few years have been extremely difficult for me to find the desire and joy to continue in the sport." At the time, 31-year-old Mayweather registered 39 wins and no losses in his historic career. At the time of his retirement, The Ring had Mayweather ranked as the No. 1 pound-for-pound fighter in the world, with Manny Pacquiao at No. 2. During Mayweather's brief retirement, Pacquiao earned superstar status in much of the Western world with his eighth-round technical knockout victory over Oscar De La Hoya, for which he moved up from lightweight to welterweight (135 pounds to 147 pounds). On May 2, 2009, the day of Pacquiao's fight against Ricky Hatton, Mayweather announced that he was coming out of retirement and would fight Juan Manuel Márquez, The Ring lightweight champion and No. 2 pound-for-pound fighter, on July 18, 2009, in a welterweight non-title fight. Márquez had previously fought Pacquiao in two controversial outings: they fought to a 12-round draw on May 8, 2004, and Pacquiao was awarded a 12-round split decision win on March 15, 2008. Mayweather played down Pacquiao's newfound stardom at his press conference, stating: "If he wins tonight, don't be all shocked ... Cause guess what? I beat (Hatton) when he was undefeated. Pacquiao beat Oscar, it don't matter. Going down to 147 pounds was too much for (De La Hoya), he was dead after the first round. ... When you talk boxing, you talk Floyd Mayweather." Pacquiao would go on to defeat Hatton by a second-round knockout to win The Ring junior welterweight title. The win made him the second boxer in history to win titles in six weight divisions, the first being Oscar De La Hoya. Mayweather vs. Márquez was postponed until September 19, 2009, due to a rib injury suffered by Mayweather. Despite being out of the ring for 21 months, Mayweather looked as sharp as ever and dominated the fight, winning by a lopsided 12-round unanimous decision. After the bout, Mayweather Promotions CEO Leonard Ellerbe stated that a fight with Pacquiao was the "next obvious choice from a marketing standpoint." On November 14, 2009, Pacquiao stopped Puerto Rican star Miguel Cotto in round 12 to win the WBO welterweight title. Pacquiao's victory sparked a media frenzy and fans were quick to demand a fight between the two of them, despite the fact that the actual fight itself had not officially been made yet and would not take place until 2015. First negotiations On December 5, 2009, ESPN reported that Pacquiao signed a contract to fight Mayweather on March 13, 2010. Shortly afterward, Pacquiao denied ever signing a contract to fight Mayweather, telling FanHouse, "There are still some things that need to be negotiated." On December 11, Golden Boy Promotions sent an eight-page contract to Top Rank, proposing a 50–50 financial split for a fight to take place on March 13, 2010. The contract was very detailed, including such matters as who would weigh-in first (Pacquiao), who would enter the ring first (Pacquiao) and who would be introduced first (Mayweather). The contract included an HBO PPV showing at a cost of $59.95. Billing was to be "Mayweather vs. Pacquiao, presented by Top Rank, Golden Boy Promotions, Mayweather Promotions and M-P Promotions in association with [approved sponsors and the site]." Also included in the contract was Olympic-style drug testing. Venues for the fight being discussed were Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas and the Superdome in New Orleans. In a video titled "Boxing Legend Freddie Roach Updates Us On Pacquiao" uploaded to YouTube on December 11, 2009, Pacquiao's trainer, Freddie Roach, revealed the first hint about Mayweather's request for Olympic-style drug testing, telling roving reporter Elie Seckbach, "I hear negotiations are a little shady. (Richard) Schaefer and them are unhappy about something. They want Olympic-style drug testing. I said, 'Yeah, no problem.' I said, 'Whatever you want.' Since we accepted that, now they're running scared again." On December 13, 2009, Pacquiao's adviser, Michael Koncz, said Mayweather's request for Olympic-style drug testing was a laughing matter and they had no concerns whatsoever about it. "Our reaction is, 'So what?' We know Manny doesn't take any illegal drugs or anything. And none of this is getting under Manny's skin or anything. I'm here with Manny, and to him, it's like a joke. It's a laughing matter," said Koncz. After reports had surfaced that both parties had agreed to all terms, Golden Boy Promotions released a press release on December 22, 2009, revealing that Pacquiao was unwilling to comply with the Olympic-style drug testing requested by Team Mayweather. The following day, Bob Arum, Top Rank founder and CEO, declared the fight was off and Pacquiao would be facing a different opponent. "We appeased Mayweather by agreeing to a urine analysis at any time, and blood testing before the press conference and after the fight. Mayweather pressed for blood testing even up to the weigh-in. He knew that Manny gets freaked out when his blood gets taken and feels that it weakens him. This is just harassment and, to me, just signaled that he didn't want the fight," Arum told David Mayo of the Grand Rapids Press. Not long after declaring that the fight was off, Arum had a change of heart and offered Mayweather a 24-hour take-it-or-leave-it deadline to accept Team Pacquiao's terms for drug testing. Top Rank sent out a press release explaining their position on Mayweather's request for random Olympic-style drug testing. In it, Arum said Pacquiao was willing to submit to as many random urine tests requested, but as far as random blood tests were concerned, he was only willing to subject himself to three tests: one in January, one 30 days from the bout (no later than February 13) and immediately after the fight. "Let's be very clear on the real issues we differ on. It's not about being tested ... It's about who does the testing and the scheduling of the procedures ... The United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) cannot do it because they will not amend its procedures to accommodate the blood testing schedule we have outlined. USADA, under its guidelines, would have the right to administer random blood tests as many times as they want up to weigh-in day and that is ludicrous," Arum explained. Freddie Roach told Lance Pugmire of the Los Angeles Times on December 22, 2009, that he would prefer for Pacquiao to give his final blood sample a week before the bout and no later than 72 hours before. On December 28, 2009, video from an episode of HBO's Pacquiao–Hatton: 24/7 surfaced on the internet showing Pacquiao giving blood in the weeks leading up to his May 2, 2009, bout with Ricky Hatton. Documents confirmed that the video was recorded on April 8, 2009, 24 days prior to the fight and past the 30-day cut-off date that Pacquiao had demanded for a Mayweather fight. Pacquiao filed suit in U.S. District Court in Nevada on December 30, 2009, against Floyd Mayweather Jr., Floyd Mayweather Sr., Roger Mayweather, Mayweather Promotions and Golden Boy Promotions executives Oscar De La Hoya and Richard Schaefer, alleging that they made false and defamatory statements accusing him of taking performance-enhancing drugs. Both sides agreed to enter into mediation on January 7, 2010, in hopes of coming to an agreement on the blood testing issue. Retired federal judge Daniel Weinstein, who successfully resolved a prior dispute between Top Rank and Golden Boy Promotions, would again act as mediator. Two days later, after hours of negotiating during mediation, Arum declared that the fight was officially off after Mayweather refused to agree to a 24-day cut-off date. Mayweather revealed that he offered a 14-day cut-off date to Team Pacquiao, but it was rejected. Leonard Ellerbe declared on January 18, that random blood and urine testing will be implemented in all of Mayweather's future fights, regardless of the opponent. On February 13, in an exclusive interview with David Mayo of The Grand Rapids Press, Mayweather said, "I gave him [Pacquiao] a chance, up to 14 days out. But my new terms are all the way up to the fight. They can come get us whenever, all the way up to the fight, random drug test. That's what it is." After the failed negotiations, both boxers moved on to other fights. On March 13, 2010, Pacquiao defeated Joshua Clottey via unanimous decision and on May 1, 2010, Mayweather beat Shane Mosley by a unanimous decision. Reported second negotiations On May 13, 2010, Bob Arum announced that he had penciled in November 13, 2010, as the date of Pacquiao's next fight, possibly against Mayweather. Pacquiao was quoted by the Manila Bulletin on May 20, as saying, "As long as they're not getting a large amount of blood, I am willing to give out blood as close to two weeks before the fight." On the same day, Mayweather revealed that he would be taking off the rest of 2010 and possibly 2011. Arum declared on June 30, 2010, that there were no longer any issues and the decision was up to Mayweather. "That's all been resolved," Arum stated to Kevin Iole of Yahoo Sports regarding the dispute over random blood and urine drug testing. Arum would also tell the Las Vegas Review-Journal, "There's no longer any issues....The question is whether Mayweather is willing to fight this year." He would reiterate that comment to the Manila Bulletin, stating, "It's now up to Mayweather if he wants to fight." On July 13, Arum issued a July 16 midnight deadline for Mayweather. "Mayweather has until the end of the week. He could wait until the last minute. If it's Friday [July 16] and it's 11 p.m., and he says we have a deal, we have a deal," Arum would explain to Dan Rafael of ESPN. On July 15, Top Rank's website unveiled an official countdown to the deadline entitled "Money" Time: Mayweather's Decision. Denial of second negotiations As soon as the deadline for Mayweather's response expired, Arum held a conference call. Arum revealed to the media that the negotiations he had been referring to consisted of a series of conversations with HBO Sports President Ross Greenburg. He also revealed that there was no actual direct communication with any representative from Team Mayweather or Golden Boy Promotions. "I had a couple of conversations with Ross [Greenburg] and I laid out all the terms that would be acceptable to our side and I also informed him about the concession that Manny had made regarding drug testing. He got back to me in a couple of weeks and told me that he had had discussions with Al Haymon, representing Floyd Mayweather, and that everything looked good and we were nearing a resolution," Arum explained. During a Q & A session following his opening statement, Arum further explained, "We have never talked to anybody on the Mayweather side and all conversations on our part were through Ross Greenburg and he reported on all conversations on the Mayweather side from Al Haymon." On July 19, 2010, Ellerbe denied that negotiations ever took place and said nothing was ever agreed on. "Here are the facts: Al Haymon, Richard Schaefer and myself speak to each other on a regular basis and the truth is no negotiations have ever taken place nor was there ever a deal agreed upon by Team Mayweather or Floyd Mayweather to fight Manny Pacquiao on November 13. Either Ross Greenburg or Bob Arum is not telling the truth, but history tells us who is lying," stated Ellerbe. Three days later, Schaefer backed Ellerbe's statement that negotiations never took place. Regarding comments he made suggesting that contracts for the megafight were close to being finalized, De La Hoya told BoxingScene.com on July 26, "I think I said it because I get the question asked so many times that, obviously, I was fed up and tired of it and I just said like, yeah, yeah, it's gonna get made. So it was a quick answer that I should have obviously thought about. But, obviously, negotiations weren't going on. Nothing was going on." Also on July 26, Greenburg released a statement saying he had been negotiating with a representative from each side since May 2, "I had been negotiating with a representative from each side since May 2, carefully trying to put the fight together. Hopefully, someday this fight will happen. Sports fans deserve it," Greenburg revealed in a prepared statement sent out to select members of the media. Schaefer again supported Ellerbe's denial of negotiations and challenged both Greenburg and Arum to take lie detector tests. "I think it's unfortunate that Ross made that statement. I fully stand behind the statement I made. I have not negotiated with Ross and I am not aware of any negotiations that have taken place," Schaefer told ESPN. Continued disputes On September 2, 2010, Mayweather unleashed a profanity-filled racist internet rant against Pacquiao via Ustream. He was misquoted as referring to Pacquiao as "a yellow chump" but he actually called him a "little young chump" and said, "Once I stomp the midget, I’ll make that queer make me a sushi roll and cook me some rice." In addition, he said, "I'm going to cook that [expletive] with cats and dogs. Have some rice with a little barbecue dog." The following day Mayweather apologized. "I want to apologize to everybody.  ... I don't have a racist bone in my body, you know. I love everybody," Mayweather said. "I was just having fun. I didn't really mean it, nothing in a bad way." On July 8, 2011, ESPN reported that Pacquiao was willing to agree to random drug testing—but not by USADA. "We have agreed in the Pacquiao camp to unlimited random testing done by a responsible, neutral organization," Arum told Yahoo!. "We don't believe USADA is a neutral organization. I don't think anybody's test is as vigorous as the test administered by the Olympic Organization. And we can arrange for the Olympic Organization to handle the test under the supervision of the Athletic commission respective of the state where the fight is going to be held." However, the following day, Pacquiao's top adviser, Michael Koncz, stated that Pacquiao had never agreed to testing all the way up to fight day. "Will we give blood five days, seven days before the fight? You know, that's something I have to talk to Manny about, but we have nothing to hide," Koncz said. On January 20, 2012, Mayweather spoke directly to Pacquiao via telephone. "He ask about a 50/50 split," Mayweather said. "I told him no that can't happen, but what can happen is you can make more money fighting me then you have made in your career." Mayweather offered to pay a flat fee of USD 40 million for a proposed fight but would not allow Pacquiao to share in the revenue. Pacquiao said, "I spoke to Floyd ...and he offered me an amount. He didn't talk about the pay-per-views here and that's it. I can't agree with that. I told him I agree with 55 and 45 (split)." Pacquiao appeared on the ESPN program First Take on September 20, 2012, and said he had no problem with the drug-testing issue. "Whatever he wants to do," Pacquiao said. He said he was willing to be tested even on the night of the fight. On September 25, Mayweather and Pacquiao reached a confidential settlement in their federal defamation case. In a statement released through the mediator in the case, the Mayweathers said they "wish to make it clear that they never intended to claim that Manny Pacquiao has used or is using any performance-enhancing drugs, nor are they aware of any evidence that Manny Pacquiao has used performance-enhancing drugs." The Telegraph reported on December 20, that Mayweather said Pacquiao’s association with promoter Bob Arum is the reason why the bout will not happen. "We all know the Pacquiao fight, at this particular time, will never happen, and the reason why the fight won't happen is because I will never do business with Bob Arum again in life, and Pacquiao is Bob Arum's fighter," Mayweather said. On January 7, 2014, Fighthype.com published an interview with Mayweather in which he called Pacquiao a "desperate dog" who is chasing a megabout due to his tax problems. In response, Pacquiao challenged Mayweather to a fight for charity. "I challenge him to include in our fight contract that both of us will not receive anything out of this fight," Pacquiao said. "We will donate all the proceeds from the fight—guaranteed prize, should there be any, gate receipts, pay-per-view and endorsements—to charities around the world." He added, "Floyd, if you’re a real man, fight me. Let’s do it for the love of boxing and for the fans. Let’s do it not for the sake of money. Let’s make the boxing fans happy." Successful negotiations As reported by at least five major media outlets (USA Today, Los Angeles Times, The Hollywood Reporter, The Wall Street Journal and the New York Post), serious negotiations leading to success were kickstarted in May 2014 by a very unlikely source: a Hollywood waiter/actor named Gabriel Salvador (Bones, Bluebloods, Rizzoli & Isles, CSI). Salvador forged a friendship with CBS Network President Leslie Moonves when Moonves became a regular at Craig's restaurant in West Hollywood, where Salvador worked part-time as a waiter and where his son Elijah worked out at Freddie Roach's gym. Salvador and Moonves bonded over their mutual love of boxing. CBS is the parent company of the Showtime Network, which had invested heavily in boxing and spent top-dollar on a multi-year deal with Mayweather. Salvador told Moonves that he believed he could make the fight happen if he could get Moonves together with Pacquiao confidant and trainer Roach. Salvador believed he could do so based on his connection to both men and his "unshakeable feeling" that together they could cut through the politicking and power struggles that seemed to have stymied prior negotiations. Moonves agreed that Salvador should approach Roach to make an introduction with a view to making the fight a reality. Eventually, Salvador approached Roach and asked him if he would be willing to meet with Moonves to get the wheels in motion. Roach agreed and asked Salvador to set up a meeting. The first meeting between Moonves and Roach took place on May 28, 2014, at the Scarpetta restaurant in the Montage Hotel in Beverly Hills, which Salvador attended. Both Roach and Moonves agreed the long-awaited bout had to happen and Roach gave Moonves the green-light to start making things happen. Roach later helped Moonves make peace with Pacquiao promoter Bob Arum. Moonves then brought the warring elements from both boxers' camps together and, with Salvador's help, even arranged meetings at his home. After difficult negotiations, it was not long after that both camps agreed to fight on the night of May 2, 2015. The consensus is that but for Salvador's key introduction, the fight would not have happened. Both Moonves and Pacquiao promoter Bob Arum have confirmed Salvador's pivotal role. For his role, Salvador maintains that he is a "finder" entitled to a finder's fee. But Salvador has yet to be paid that fee by either CBS or Roach/Pacquiao. The fight grossed more than $600 million, with the television networks taking in more than $400 million and Pacquiao grossing more than $160 million. On December 12, 2014, Mayweather proposed a May 2, 2015, fight with Pacquiao, citing his indirect frustration at not being able to make the fight happen in the past by stating that Pacquiao had lost to both Juan Manuel Márquez and Timothy Bradley respectively. He also stated that he (Pacquiao) was "not on his level". Mayweather then went on to close his comments with, "Let's make this fight happen for the people and for the fans." On January 13, Pacquiao agreed to terms for the fight. Bob Arum claimed that now only Mayweather's camp was holding up an official agreement. On January 27, Mayweather and Pacquiao finally met each other face to face for the first time during an NBA game between the Miami Heat and Milwaukee Bucks in Miami. Pacquiao said they exchanged phone numbers and would communicate with each other. Pacquiao's advisor, Michael Koncz, said that the two future Hall of Famers later met at Pacquiao's hotel for about an hour to discuss the pending superfight and work out the remaining issues. Top Rank promoter Bob Arum expressed optimism that the fight could be finalized by Super Bowl Sunday at the soonest and that there would be no further deadlines for the fight, stating that the negotiations are nearly complete. On January 30, TMZ reported that the fight had been agreed upon by both sides and that a formal announcement would be made in the "next couple of days." However, members from both sides, including Bob Arum and Stephen Espinoza, refuted the report, saying that the deal had not been finalized yet and that negotiations on what would be a joint pay-per-view (Showtime–HBO) telecast of the fight were still clearing out the last significant issues before the deal could be finalized. On February 20, Mayweather announced that the fight was official and a contract had been signed for a fight to take place on May 2, 2015, at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas. The fight was expected to shatter PPV buy records and gross millions of dollars with the ticket prices ranging from $3,500 to $250,000 and the PPV was expected to cost USD 89.95 for SD and USD 99.95 for HD. Boxing experts predicted the match would be the richest fight in boxing history and would generate $300 million. Fight card Fight details Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao was held at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada. Tickets for the fight went on sale on April 23 after an agreement had been reached over ticket allocation. Only 500 tickets went on sale to the public, priced at $1,500, $2,500, $3,500, $5,000 and $7,500 for the 16,800 capacity MGM Grand. The tickets that went on sale sold out within a minute. As per the contract, the first $160 million of revenue and the revenue above $180 million from the fight was split 60/40 between the fighters, with Mayweather receiving the larger 60% share. Revenue between $160 million and $180 million was to be split 51/49, with the 51% share going to the winner. Both fighters were expected to earn at least $100 million in revenue from their participation. Although the event was jointly promoted by Mayweather Promotions and Top Rank, the contract named Mayweather Promotions as the lead promoter of the fight. Both fighters agreed to undergo drug testing by the United States Anti-Doping Agency, including random blood and urine testing prior to the fight, a test following the fight and a ban from professional boxing for four years if they test positive. Neither fighter has failed a drug test during their professional career. Kenny Bayless served as the in-ring referee, as chosen by the Nevada Athletic Commission. Bayless has previously officiated five of Mayweather's past bouts and seven of Pacquiao's and he earned a record $25,000 for officiating this fight. Burt Clements, Dave Moretti and Glenn Feldman served as judges. The U.S. national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner", was performed by Jamie Foxx. The Philippine national anthem, "Lupang Hinirang", was performed by Filipino-American singer Gail Banawis, joined by The Word Chorale—a choir of Filipino pastors. A large number of celebrities were in attendance; singer Justin Bieber was among Mayweather's entourage, while Pacquiao was joined by comedian Jimmy Kimmel—who had discussed the possibility of entering with him when Pacquiao appeared on his talk show Jimmy Kimmel Live. Kimmel wore an outfit parodying Bieber's wardrobe from a pre-fight press conference and photobombed a pre-fight photo taken by Pacquiao. Other figures in attendance included Steffi Graf and Andre Agassi, Beyoncé and Jay-Z, Charles Barkley, Mike Tyson, Clint Eastwood, Robert De Niro, Denzel Washington, Michael J. Fox, Donald Trump, Jake Gyllenhaal, Amir Khan, Drew Barrymore, Jesse Jackson, Russell Westbrook, Mark Wahlberg, Lewis Hamilton, Leonardo DiCaprio, Don Cheadle, Michael Jordan, Sugar Ray Leonard, Paris Hilton, Nicki Minaj, Meek Mill, Ben Affleck, The Jonas Brothers, Michael Keaton, Tom Brady, Magic Johnson, Christian Bale, Bradley Cooper, Evander Holyfield, Mariah Carey, Sting, 50 Cent and others. Broadcasting As both Pacquiao and Mayweather had exclusive relationships with the broadcasters, HBO and Showtime, at the time of the fight, the telecast of the fight was a joint production between HBO World Championship Boxing and Showtime Championship Boxing. This marked the first collaboration between the two American premium television services since Lennox Lewis vs. Mike Tyson in 2002. It was executive produced and directed by Showtime's David Dinkins Jr. and Bob Dunphy and featured a mix of Showtime and HBO personalities. The ringside announcers for the fight included Roy Jones Jr. (HBO), Al Bernstein (Showtime) and Jim Lampley (HBO) provided analysis. Max Kellerman (HBO) and Jim Gray (Showtime) covered the locker rooms of Pacquiao and Mayweather, respectively. James Brown and Paulie Malignaggi of Showtime hosted the pre-fight show. The broadcast was, in most regions, distributed as a pay-per-view event. In the United States, the PPV cost was USD 89.95 (with an additional $10 charge for HD), a 40% increase over the PPV cost of Mayweather's 2013 fight against Canelo Álvarez. Rights to screen the fight in commercial venues such as bars and restaurants were administered by G&G Sports, with costs based upon venue size and other factors, reaching as high as $5,000 for a 257-seat establishment. Due to concerns that they may not have been able to recoup the cost of the PPV through cover charges and drink sales, some bars decided against screening the fight at all. Both HBO and Showtime aired encores of the fight the following Saturday, May 9, 2015. Both Showtime and HBO broadcast documentary specials focusing on the two fighters as part of the lead-up to the fight; Showtime produced the Mayweather-focused Inside Mayweather vs. Pacquiao—with three episodes focusing on Mayweather's preparations for the event and an epilogue which aired the week following the fight, while HBO aired a one-hour Pacquiao-focused Mayweather/Pacquiao: At Last, as well as encores of past Pacquiao fights. Showtime's sister outlet CBS Sports Network also aired supplemental programming, including encores of Inside Mayweather vs. Pacquiao and past Mayweather fights, live coverage of the weigh-in, special broadcasts of The Doug Gottlieb Show and Boomer and Carton from Las Vegas and coverage of the post-fight press conference. International broadcasting In Pacquiao's native country of the Philippines, Solar Entertainment held broadcast rights to the fight, reportedly paying $10 million (PHP 440 million). The telecast was made available via commercial free pay-per-view on the television providers Cignal and SkyCable, and at the locations of theatre chain SM Cinema (including IMAX theaters) and the Mall of Asia Arena. Unlike previous Pacquiao fights, whose free-to-air rights were held by GMA Network as part of a sub-licensing arrangement, a "slightly-delayed" telecast of the fight was simulcast by Solar Sports, GMA and the rival commercial networks ABS-CBN and TV5. Solar Sports President Wilson Tieng said that Pacquiao personally requested the joint broadcast due to its historic nature, and that "everybody agreed to set aside all their differences to make sure that this will become the biggest event ever in Philippine television history." GMA held exclusive radio rights to the fight. In Europe, generally, the fight was broadcast via PPV (Austria, United Kingdom, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Spain). Only a few TV holders in Europe decided otherwise – TVP (Poland), Sport 1 (Czech Republic and Hungary) and Discovery Italy (Deejay TV and DMAX). Sky Sports Box Office won exclusive television rights in the UK to the bout, and produced a four episode broadcast leading up to the event titled Mayweather vs. Pacquiao: Countdown. Sportsmax TV and Cleeng offered the fight via PPV in 19 Caribbean countries, including Barbados, Jamaica, Surinam and Trinidad & Tobago. Piracy and streaming Due to the high profile of the event and the high price of the PPV, there were significant concerns surrounding piracy of the fight's telecast by either bars (which were required to purchase a higher-priced commercial license to televise the event, and were not legally allowed to purchase it through their television provider) or by online streaming services, with TorrentFreak going on to report that Mayweather vs. Pacquiao was "destined to become the most pirated live sports event in history". Organizers were especially concerned about the mobile broadcasting apps Meerkat and Periscope due to their relative ease of use and accessibility, as viewers could simply film their television screen with their phones to make a stream available. Alongside monitoring activities during the event, actions were also preemptively taken against several sites that advertised plans to illegally stream the fight. In the Philippines, the Philippine National Police's Anti-Cybercrime Group arrested the operator of a streaming service after a complaint by ABS-CBN and was granted a temporary restraining order in a Florida court for its infringements of copyrights and trademarks. HBO and Showtime filed a similar lawsuit against two other streaming services that advertised an intent to offer the fight under (which allows for preemptive claims of copyright infringement against those conspiring to infringe the copyrights of a broadcast) and a court issued a restraining order against the sites and all parties in "active concert or participation with any of them, including any and all service providers who receive notice of this order". The Electronic Frontier Foundation criticized the wide reach of the order, arguing that the clause of "any and all service providers who receive notice of this order" was comparable to the provisions of the previously proposed Stop Online Piracy Act, theorizing that other parties not originally named could become subject to the injunction by merely receiving notice of the order. A large number of Periscope streams were used to broadcast the fight, either indirectly with a focus on reactions from viewing parties, or simply rebroadcasting television feeds of the fight. One stream reportedly peaked at around 10,000 viewers, although these streams had inconsistent uptime due either to connection issues or to being reported and taken down by the service. Representatives of both Meerkat and Periscope reported that they acted upon takedown notices received throughout the evening. ESPN's Ryan McGee dubbed Periscope the "winner" of the fight due to the prominence it received through this manner. Dick Costolo, CEO of microblogging service and Periscope parent company Twitter, made a similar remark; although it was initially assumed to be in reference to the illegal streams, he clarified that it was actually in reference to HBO's usage of the service to stream behind-the-scenes from the fighters' locker rooms. Belt The winner of the fight received a newly created belt by the WBC. The belt, valued at $1 million, is an exact replica of the current belt, except it has thousands of emeralds in place of the gold plating for the center logo. The belt also contains the faces of both Floyd Mayweather Jr. and Manny Pacquiao, along with the faces of the former WBC President, José Sulaimán and boxing legend Muhammad Ali. Two belts were initially made for the fight. The green emerald belt won the public fan vote over the black onyx belt with a vote of 53% to 47%. Gloves Both fighters wore eight-ounce (230 g) gloves with brands of their choosing. Mayweather wore custom Grant gloves with a multicolored paisley pattern, red & purple trim and the letters TBE (The Best Ever) on the cuff. Pacquiao wore standard red Cleto Reyes gloves with black & white trim. In Pacquiao's third professional loss to Érik Morales, he was forced to use Winning brand gloves the first time around. Pacquiao's complaints were that the gloves felt like "pillows" and they did not give him the same power as his Reyes "puncher's gloves." More recently, Mayweather had glove issues in his first bout with Marcos Maidana, stating that Maidana's Everlast MX gloves did not provide sufficient padding for the knuckles. The issue was later resolved with Marcos Maidana resorting to using Everlast Powerlock type gloves, leaving Maidana's trainer, Robert Garcia, unhappy with the negotiation. Fighters' gear Mayweather's trunks were designed by Dapper Dan, a Harlem-based hip-hop fashion designer. At least five possible outfits were created for the fight. FanDuel, a daily fantasy sports website, acquired sponsorship rights to have their logo appear on his waistband. Pacquiao's gear was provided by Nike. Mayweather commissioned specially-designed mouthguards for the fight by Dr. Lee Gause, owner of Iceberg Guards, costing $25,000. Along with "subtle" clear pairs, some of them contained gold leaf, diamond dust and an embedded $100 bill. Iceberg Guards also released a limited-edition TMT-branded mouthguard to tie in with the fight. Pacquiao's mouthguard was designed by Dr. Ed Dela Vega of Canoga Park, Los Angeles, who has custom-fit mouthguards for Pacquiao and other Philippine boxers. It featured a multi-colored design with a blend of the colors from the flag of the Philippines, meant to represent the different ethnic groups that support him. Unlike Mayweather's, this mouthguard was supplied as a gift to Pacquiao; Vega argued that Mayweather's high-cost mouthguard was simply "hype" meant to "rub it in the face of boxers who can't afford it". Sponsors A bidding war ensued between Corona and Tecate—which had respectively served as prominent sponsors of previous Mayweather and Pacquiao fights—for lead sponsorship rights to the fight. Tecate won the sponsorship deal with a bid of $5.6 million, beating a bid of $5.2 million by Corona. As part of the deal, Tecate's logo was visible on all promotional material for the fight. Pacquiao was expected to feature a number of major sponsorships on his gear, providing an estimated $2.25 million in additional revenue. Among them were long-time sponsors, such as Air Asia, Cafe Puro and Motolite. Daily fantasy sports service FanDuel acquired sponsorship rights for Mayweather, including waistband branding and a block of tickets that were given away through an on-site sweepstakes. The King, a mascot of fast food chain Burger King, was among Mayweather's entourage entering the arena. Merchandise Prior to the fight, Nike launched a line of Pacquiao-oriented merchandise carrying his logo and the slogans "Do What They Say You Can't" and "#MannyDoes". Demand for Mayweather merchandise was also heavy, including apparel branded under the Mayweather Promotions and The Money Team (TMT) labels amongst others. From April 24, 2015, through the day of the fight, a MayPac pop-up store operated on the corner of Las Vegas Boulevard and Fremont Street. It sold merchandise for both fighters and featured interactive displays and fan-oriented events. Recap In round one, both boxers were aggressive, Mayweather unusually so. Pacquiao attempted to score early points from body shots. However, Mayweather escaped his attack and landed a solid counter strike under Pacquiao's right side. All three judges gave the round to Mayweather. In the second round, Pacquiao repeatedly forced Mayweather toward the ropes, but Mayweather was able to escape or wrap Pacquiao up each time. Pacquiao's jabs mostly missed, but he landed a solid left hand hit late in the round. Mayweather increased his aggression late. Although Harold Lederman of HBO scored this round for Pacquiao, all three judges scored the round in favor of Mayweather. Early in round three, Mayweather hit Pacquiao low. Pacquiao reacted angrily to the hit, perceiving it as illegal. The fighters exchanged big hits late in the round, energizing the crowd. For the third consecutive round, all three judges scored it in favor of Mayweather. In the fourth round, Pacquiao chased Mayweather around the ring, throwing punches at a rapid pace. Pacquiao scored a big left handed hit, causing Mayweather to put his high guard up against the ropes. Pacquiao took the round on all three scorecards. Having recovered from Pacquiao's big hit in the previous round, Mayweather won the early exchanges of the fifth round. Pacquiao remained on the offensive, but was unable to land any big punches. Mayweather upped his activity and won the round in the eyes of the three judges. Pacquiao came out aggressive in the sixth, forcing Mayweather to the ropes. Pacquiao successfully landed a couple of combinations, but Mayweather appeared to be unfazed. All the judges gave the round to Pacquiao, making the overall score Mayweather 58–56 (4–2 by rounds) on all cards. Mayweather changed tactics at the start of the seventh round, becoming the aggressor for a second and forcing Pacquiao on to the ropes. He threw a double jab, then a right-handed punch, landing none, before Pacquiao counterattacked with an unsuccessful combo. Mayweather stayed aggressive in the eighth round, landing jabs that kept Pacquiao off balance. Pacquiao went on the attack, opening up and landing some bigger punches. The round went to Mayweather on the official scorecards. In the ninth round, Pacquiao was again on the offensive. He effectively landed several punches, but Mayweather also landed on his counters. Both parties landed a number of hits in a late flurry of action that excited the crowd. Pacquiao was active, while Floyd picked his counters. Two of the three judges gave the round to Pacquiao, while the other saw it for Mayweather. The tenth round saw Pacquiao on the attack. Again, two judges saw it for Pacquiao and one for Mayweather. Mayweather led 96–94 (6–4) on two cards and 98–92 (8–2) on the other with two rounds remaining. Mayweather came out swinging in the eleventh round, landing just below his highest volume of the fight. The action then stalled as Pacquiao struggled to land much on a defensive-minded Mayweather, who ducked the attacks. Pacquiao forced Mayweather to the corner, but Mayweather landed a clean hit on Pacquiao's chin. However, Pacquiao still managed to hit solid punches in a fast pace. The judges unanimously scored the round in favor of Mayweather. In the final round, Pacquiao attempted to attack with Mayweather mostly looking to avoid his punches by running across the ring. Mayweather kept the fight in the center of the ring, but Pacquiao did land some inside counters. All three judges gave the round to Mayweather. Floyd Mayweather Jr. defeated Manny Pacquiao after 12 rounds by unanimous decision, 118–110, 116–112, 116–112, to remain undefeated in his career. According to CompuBox, Mayweather landed 67 more punches throughout the match. Only three times did Pacquiao land double figure punches in a round. Pacquiao himself thought he won the fight and continues to maintain that he deserved the decision. Scorecards Aftermath Revenue and viewership The fight lived up to revenue expectations, generating somewhere between $300 million and $400 million in gross revenue according to early estimates (including announced ticket sales totalling $72,198,500), which would surpass Super Bowl XLIX. Due to the possibility of high demand, viewers were encouraged to pre-order the PPV: a HBO representative reported that the fight had attracted more pre-orders than any other PPV event in the broadcaster's history. Despite the guidance, a high volume of last-minute orders overwhelmed the systems of several major U.S. television providers and resulted in various technical issues, such as difficulties ordering or viewing the PPV and outages that affected unrelated channels as well for some viewers. To address these issues, the main event was pushed back 45 minutes from its originally projected start time of 8:15 p.m. PT (11:15 p.m. ET), to 9:00 p.m PT (12:00 a.m. ET). The fight broke PPV viewership records in the United States, with 4.6 million buys and over $410 million in revenue, surpassing the previous $150 million revenue record set by Floyd Mayweather vs. Canelo Álvarez, the 2.48 million buy record set by 2007's Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr. and a pre-fight estimate of $270 million from three million households. In the Philippines, Kantar ratings estimated that the fight was watched across the three-network consortium by 46.9% of Filipino households; of the three networks simulcasting the fight, ABS-CBN had the largest number of viewers, with a rating share of 24%. Due to hundreds of business jets filling up the stands, McCarran International Airport was closed for non-airline flights during the event days. By contrast, the typically bustling streets of the Philippine capital Manila were nearly empty during the fight. Post-fight remarks After the fight, Mayweather remarked "[Pacquiao] definitely had his moments in the fight. As long as I moved on the outside, I was able to stay away from those. He’s a really smart fighter ... My dad wanted me to do more, but I had to take my time. Because Manny Pacquiao is a competitor, and he’s extremely dangerous." Mayweather said he would retire after his next fight, the opponent of which is not yet decided. Pacquiao said "I thought I won the fight. He’s moving around. It’s not easy to throw punches when he’s moving around so much ... I thought I caught him many more times than he caught me." Citing the stats that showed he possibly should have won the fight, Pacquiao has continued to maintain he should have been awarded the decision. On the possibility of a rematch, Mayweather stated on May 9, 2015, that he had no plans to fight Pacquiao again "at this particular time", referring to him as being a "sore loser" and a "coward". Pacquiao shoulder injury Hours after the fight, Pacquiao's team disclosed that he had injured his right shoulder in April during a training exercise. The injury was partially healed, but Pacquiao requested and was denied an injection of legal painkillers before the fight. Pacquiao said he re-injured the shoulder in the fourth round of the fight and was ineffective after that. On May 4, a representative of the Nevada State Athletic Commission said that it was looking into why Pacquiao had stated he had no shoulder injuries on pre-fight questionnaire and was considering fining or suspending him for the deception. Pacquiao's team responded with a statement saying the United States Anti-Doping Agency had been informed of the injury, but USADA head Travis Tygart said Pacquiao's team had only asked about the legality of certain substances for use on an unspecified shoulder injury and had provided "no medical information, no MRIs, no documents". Mayweather initially stated that he would be open to the possibility of a rematch with Pacquiao once he had recovered from his shoulder injury, but he changed his mind before talks of a rematch were in the works. Pacquiao later underwent surgery to repair a torn rotator cuff and was out of action for nine months to one year. Mayweather's IV injection After weighing in for the fight on May 1, Mayweather received an intravenous injection for the stated purpose of pre-bout re-hydration. The two IV infusions were administered at his home, amounted to 16% of the total average male blood quantity, and contained saline, multivitamins and vitamin C. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) forbids such a large amount of fluids entering the body before competition as a preventive step against the possible masking of performance-enhancing drug use. Bob Bennett, the executive director of the NSAC, stated that unless the IV was administered at a hospital, it needs to be cleared by filing a therapeutic-use exemption, and supporting documents through the Nevada commission and authorized by the commission’s medical expert. The Pacquiao camp had requested an injection of the anti-inflammatory Toradol for Pacquiao's injured shoulder before the fight, but was denied authorization by the NSAC. USADA authorized both injections, but the NSAC was not informed of Mayweather's IV until after the fight. Reception The fight itself left many fans disappointed. Forbes.com contributor Brian Goff called it "arguably, the least entertaining 'mega fight' in memory", attributing the disappointment to Mayweather's defense-oriented strategy, which is atypical of top boxers. The New York Times felt that the bout was "far from electrifying and had some fans grumbling about Mayweather’s methodical defensive style". Los Angeles Times columnist Bill Dwyre felt that the fight was "as compelling as the 405 freeway at 8 a.m.". Regarding Pacquiao's undisclosed shoulder injury, he called the entire situation very damaging to boxing, accusing the fight's promoters of allowing the fight to go on for monetary reasons, and potentially alienating fans. Dwyre went on to say that "This was billed the Fight of the Century. As The Wall Street Journal so aptly put it, it's good that we have 85 years left to top it." Former heavyweight champ Evander Holyfield, who thought that Pacquiao should have been awarded the decision, questioned the judging of not just this fight but recent prize fights in general in an essay in The Players' Tribune. Lawsuits On May 5, 2015, two Las Vegas residents filed a class-action lawsuit against Pacquiao, his manager and Top Rank, for failing to disclose Pacquiao's injury before the fight. The plaintiffs felt that their actions deceived those who bought tickets or the PPV or bet on the fight and violated the rules of the NSAC. The complaints will be heard by a Los Angeles judge, who will determine whether they may go to trial. In May 2016, Showtime Networks also sued Top Rank over the injury, claiming that the promoter violated an indemnification agreement. Rematch On September 15, 2018, both Mayweather and Pacquiao posted videos on Instagram depicting an encounter between the two at Ultra Japan, speculating the possibility of a rematch. Mayweather's stated in his posting of the video that the fight would happen "this year" and described it as "another nine-figure pay day on the way" and was heard remarking to Pacquiao that he was going to "take [the belt] from you like I did before". In Pacquiao's video (posted with the comment "50–1 #NoExcuses"), Mayweather was heard mentioning the "second of December". It is unknown if any formal negotiations have actually occurred. On September 19, 2018, Mayweather clarified his calls for a rematch, stating that he planned to hold a fight in Japan first before any possible rematch. On November 4, 2018, it was announced that Mayweather would fight undefeated Japanese kickboxer Tenshin Nasukawa on New Year's Eve. It will be a three-round exhibition boxing match. In the one-sided fight, Nasukawa was knocked down three times in the first round and his corner subsequently threw the towel in. See also Fight of the Century – other fights considered "Fight of the Century" References Category:2015 in boxing Category:2015 in sports in Nevada Category:21st century in Las Vegas Category:Boxing matches involving Manny Pacquiao Category:Boxing in Las Vegas Category:Boxing on HBO Category:Simulcasts Category:May 2015 sports events in the United States Category:Boxing matches involving Floyd Mayweather Jr. Category:MGM Grand Garden Arena

Lakes Region Facility Lakes Region Facility was a state prison in Laconia, Belknap County, New Hampshire, in the United States. The facility was operated by the New Hampshire Department of Corrections, and has been closed as of June 30, 2009 as a result of the late-2000s recession. The Lakes Region Facility was a minimum custody transitional facility. Its capacity is 400 inmates but averaged about 300 male inmates. The warden of the facility oversaw inmates housed there as well as inmates in the Calumet and North End Transitional Housing Units, as well as The Transitional Work Center. Lakes Region Facility minimum-security offenders provided over 30,000 hours of community service to state and county agencies and Laconia-area non-profit organizations. The Lakes Region Facility employed 153 people, including 105 corrections officers and 48 non-uniformed employees. Lakes Region was a minimum security transitional prison. In 2004, it became an entirely male facility: minimum security female prisoners were relocated to the Shea Farm Halfway House in Concord, New Hampshire. References External links Lakes Region Facility Category:Prisons in New Hampshire Category:Buildings and structures in Laconia, New Hampshire Category:2009 disestablishments in New Hampshire

Great Hypostyle Hall The Great Hypostyle Hall is located within the Karnak temple complex, in the Precinct of Amon-Re. It is one of the most visited monuments of Ancient Egypt. The structure was built around the 19th Egyptian Dynasty (c. 1290–1224 BC). Its design was initially instituted by Hatshepsut, at the North-west chapel to Amun in the upper terrace of Deir el-Bahri. The name refers to hypostyle architectural pattern. Architecture and Construction The Great Hypostyle Hall covers an area of . The roof, now fallen, was supported by 134 columns in 16 rows; the 2 middle rows are higher than the others (being in circumference and high). The 134 papyrus columns represent the primeval papyrus swamp from which Amun, a self-created deity, arose from the waters of chaos at the beginning of creating. The hall was not constructed by Horemheb, or Amenhotep III as earlier scholars had thought but was built entirely by Seti I who engraved the northern wing of the hall with inscriptions. Decoration of the southern wing was completed by the 19th dynasty pharaoh Ramesses II. Inscriptions and Reliefs A series of succeeding pharaohs added inscriptions to the walls and the columns in places their predecessors had left blank, including Ramesses III, Ramesses IV and Ramesses VI. The northern side of the hall is decorated in raised relief, and was mainly Seti I's work. The southern side of the hall was completed by Ramesses II, in sunk relief although he used raised relief at the very beginning of his reign before changing to the sunk relief style and re-editing his own raised reliefs. Ramesses II also usurped decoration of his father along the main north-south and east-west processional ways of the hall, giving the casual observer the idea that he was responsible for the building. However, most of Seti I's reliefs in the northern part of the hall were respected. The outer walls depict scenes of battle, Seti I on the north and Ramesses II on the south. Although these reliefs had religious and ideological functions, they are important records of the wars of these kings. On another wall adjoining the south wall of the Hall is a record of Ramesses II's peace treaty with the Hittites that he signed in Year 21 of his reign. In 1899, 11 of the massive columns of the Great Hypostyle Hall collapsed in a chain reaction, because their foundations were undermined by ground water. Georges Legrain, who was then the chief archaeologist in the area, supervised the rebuilding that was completed in May 1902. Later, similar work had to continue in order to strengthen the rest of the columns of the Temple. See also Talatat Notes References Peter J. Brand, Rosa Erika Feleg, and William J. Murnane, The Great Hypostyle Hall in the Temple of Amun at Karnak, Oriental Institute Publications 142, Chicago: The Oriental Institute, 2019, Translation and Commentary , Figures and Plates External links University of Memphis' Great Hypostyle Hall Project Category:Buildings and structures completed in the 13th century BC Category:Karnak temple complex Category:Seti I

ISA 230 Documentation ISA 230 Audit Documentation is one of the International Standards on Auditing. It serves to direct the documentation of audit working papers in order to assist the audit planning and performance; the supervision and review of the audit work; and the recording of audit evidence resulting from the audit work in order to support the auditor's opinion. ISA 230 statements The auditor should prepare, on a timely basis, audit documentation that provides: A sufficient and appropriate record of the basis for the audit report Evidence that the audit was performed in accordance with ISA's and applicable legal and regulatory requirements (Paragraph 2). The auditor should prepare the audit documentation so as to enable an experienced auditor, having no previous connection with the audit, to understand: The nature, timing, and extent of audit procedures performed to comply with ISAs and applicable legal and regulatory requirements; The results of the audit procedures and the audit evidence obtained; Significant matters arising during the audit and the conclusions reached thereon. (Paragraph 9) Oral explanations by the auditor, on their own, do not represent adequate support for the work the auditor performed or conclusions the auditor reached, but may be used to clarify or explain information contained in the audit documentation. (Paragraph 11) This is not true, Oral explanations are only referenced on paragraph 11 of AU section 339 therefore does not refer to ISA. The audit file must effectively stand on its own. Whilst the auditor may clarify what has been documented the facility to explain detailed aspects of the audit has gone, so this must mean more extensive working papers in some areas. In documenting the nature, timing and extent of audit procedures performed, the auditor should record the identifying characteristics of the specific items or matters being tested. (Paragraph 12) In documenting the nature, timing and extent of audit procedures performed, the auditor should record: Who performed the audit work and the date such work was completed; and Who reviewed the audit work performed and the date and extent of such review. (Paragraph 23) The standard also establishes clear responsibilities for the auditor to assemble the final audit file on a timely basis and sets out specific requirements regarding deletions, modifications or additions to audit documentation after the date of the auditor's report. There are also documentation requirements in the exceptional circumstance when an auditor judges it necessary to depart from a basic principle or essential procedure that is relevant in the circumstances of the audit. The auditor should document how the alternative procedures performed achieve the objective of the audit and, unless otherwise clear, the reasons for the departure. Methods of recording Narrative notes Organisation charts Internal control questionnaires (ICQs) Flowcharts References Category:Auditing standards

Jain Temple, Kidanganad A famous Jain temple is located at Sultan Bathery, earlier known as kidaganad town of Kerala. It is said to have been built in the 13th century CE. The temple is a protected monument under the Archaeological Survey of India. History Destruction In the 18th century, the temple was invaded and used by Tipu Sultan to keep his armory (Battery). Gallery See also Jainism in Kerala References Category:Jain temples in Kerala Category:13th-century Jain temples Category:Religious buildings and structures in Wayanad district Category:Tourist attractions in Wayanad district Category:13th-century architecture

Laforet is a department store, residence, and museum complex located in the Harajuku commercial and entertainment district of the Shibuya neighborhood, in Tokyo, Japan. Constructed over part of the old Tokyo Central Church, a newer church located behind the store, Laforet was opened in 1978. It was built by developer Mori Building, that had developed several sites across Tokyo, as well as (subsequently) the Roppongi Hills Mori Tower, and at the time of opening it was one of the tallest buildings in Tokyo. The name Mori, in Japanese, is the word for "forest" (森), and the name of the complex was a pun derived from that, it being simply the French words "la forêt" for "the forest". The complex has six floors and two basements, divided into half levels; with 150 shops, and the Laforet Museum on the top floor. It has had a long association with youth fashion culture, although this was not originally intended. Although fashion brands such as Hysteric Glamour and Ba-tsu opened their first boutiques there, originally its interior was more staid and conventional for the times. Unfortunately for its developers, this resulted in low sales in the first year of business, causing Ryotu Matsumoko of Ba-stu to be brought in to remodel the interior of the store, changing it to a more youthful and "edgy" design for the time, replacing long and deep stores with wide and shallow stores visible in "panopticon" fashion by shoppers from a central stairwell. The same was true of its fashion promotion advertising image, originally designed by U.S. firm Antonio Lopez, which was not particularly successful until taken over by Takuya Onuki, who in the middle 1990s switched the advertising campaigns from female models wearing brand clothes to quirky images such as the "Nude" brand of Americans going about their daily business dressed only in underwear, and dogs in denim. Following the increase in youth fashion culture of the times, Laforet took to partnering with youth fashion magazines and clothing brands to run fashion shows in the building during the 1980s and 1990s. A victim of its own success, with the independent innovators that were originally attracted being acquired by and assimilated into commercial interests, Laforet's fashion shows went into decline in the late 1990s. A new roster of boutiques began to turn its fortunes around in 2006. References Cross-links Sources External links Laforet Official Site (Japanese with some English) Laforet listed by Mori Category:Japanese fashion Category:Department stores of Japan Category:Harajuku Category:Mori Building

Alysson (insect) Alysson is a genus of hymenopterans in the family Crabronidae. There are at least 40 described species in Alysson. Species These 42 species belong to the genus Alysson: Alysson annulipes Cameron, 1897 i c g Alysson attenuatus Wu and Zhou, 1987 i c g Alysson caeruleus Wu and Zhou, 1987 i c g Alysson cameroni Yasumatsu and Masuda, 1932 i c g Alysson carinatus Wu and Zhou, 1987 i c g Alysson conicus Provancher, 1889 i c g Alysson costai de Beaumont, 1953 i c g Alysson erythrothorax Cameron, 1902 i c g Alysson flavomaculatus Cameron, 1901 i c g Alysson guichardi Arnold, 1951 i c g Alysson guignardi Provancher, 1887 i c g b Alysson guillarmodi Arnold, 1944 i c g Alysson harbinensis Tsuneki, 1967 c g Alysson japonicus Tsuneki, 1977 i c g Alysson jaroslavensis (Kokujev, 1906) c g Alysson katkovi Kokujev, 1906 c g Alysson madecassus Arnold, 1945 i c g Alysson maracandensis Radoszkowski, 1877 i c g Alysson melleus Say, 1837 i c g b Alysson monticola Tsuneki, 1977 i c g Alysson nigrilabius Wu and Zhou, 1987 i c g Alysson ocellatus de Beaumont, 1967 i c g Alysson oppositus Say, 1837 i c g b Alysson pertheesi Gorski, 1852 i c g Alysson picteti Handlirsch, 1895 i c g Alysson radiatus W. Fox, 1894 i c g Alysson ratzeburgi Dahlbom, 1843 i c g Alysson ruficollis Cameron, 1898 i c g Alysson seyrigi Arnold, 1945 i c g Alysson sichuanensis Wu and Zhou, 1987 i c g Alysson spinosus (Panzer, 1801) i c g Alysson striatus W. Fox, 1894 i c g Alysson taiwanus Sonan, 1940 i c g Alysson takasago Tsuneki, 1977 i c g Alysson testaceitarsis Cameron, 1902 i c g Alysson tomentosus McLeay, 1828 i c g Alysson triangularis Krombein, 1985 i c g Alysson triangulifer Provancher, 1887 i c g b Alysson tricolor Lepeletier and Audinet-Serville, 1825 i c g Alysson tridentatus Wu and Zhou, 1987 i c g Alysson verhoeffi Tsuneki, 1967 i c g Alysson yunnanensis Wu and Zhou, 1987 i c g Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net References External links Category:Crabronidae Category:Articles created by Qbugbot

Régis Labeaume Régis Labeaume (born May 2, 1956) is a Canadian businessman, writer and politician, currently serving as mayor of Quebec City. He was first elected on December 2, 2007 after the death of former mayor Andrée Boucher. He was reelected in 2009, 2013, and 2017. Early life Labeaume holds a bachelor's degree in sociology from the Université Laval. Prior to being mayor, Labeaume was a local businessman and chair of the Fondation de l’entrepreneurship organisation since 2003 and worked primarily in the mining industry. He was previously the political adviser of former Communications Minister and former Parti Québécois MNA of the riding of Vanier, Jean-François Bertrand from 1980 to 1983. He also collaborated to two books on the Quebec mining industry and on small and medium enterprises. Municipal politics in Quebec City In 2005, he made an attempt to be elected leader of the municipal political party Renouveau municipal de Québec but lost to 2007 candidate Claude Larose First mayoral term Labeaume was elected on December 2, 2007, in a special election following the death of Andrée Boucher. He was elected with over 59 percent of the vote, defeating candidate Ann Bourget who was the front-runner until the campaign's last few days. She finished second with 32% of the votes, followed by former Quebec Liberal Party Minister of Justice and lawyer Marc Bellemare. Labeaume obtained the support of key local figures, including Marc Boucher, husband of the late Andrée Boucher, and former mayor Gilles Lamontagne. Throughout his first term as mayor, Labeaume focused on making the city a major tourist destination. He was keen on the idea of a New Quebec City Amphitheatre. With the 400th Anniversary of the city in 2008, Quebec City's image changed in the eyes of many. After the festivities, the mayor promised to keep investing to make Quebec City an appealing destination. During his first mandate as mayor, Labeaume also developed a reputation for speaking his mind and not always using the right words in front of the media. In October 2009 he made some scathing comments about federal minister Josée Verner. On a pre-recorded interview on Télé-Québec, he declared, “I get along well with Ms. Verner, but sometimes I could just smack her. Those culture cuts, I just don't agree with them.” He later made public excuses and explained that he only wanted to express his anger about the recent cuts in culture by the federal government. A study based on 68000 texts and reports broadcast in Quebec between April 1, 2008, and March 31, 2009, showed that Labeaume was the mayor with the most media coverage in Quebec, with 54.4% of the coverage. In another study in 2008, Labeaume ranked 10th in a list of the most mediatised personalities in Quebec, along with the then newly elected American president Barack Obama, Guy Carbonneau (coach of the Montreal Canadiens), and Stephen Harper. Second mayoral term On November 1, 2009, on the night of Québec's municipal elections, Labeaume was reelected by an overwhelming majority of 79,7% against 8,6% for the radio host Jean-François Jeff Fillion and 8,1% for Yonnel Bonaventure and the Défi Vert de Québec party. Labeaume's party, l'Équipe Labeaume, also elected a councillor in 25 of the 27 districts. Only the districts of Vieux-Québec-Montcalm and Saint-Sacrement-Belvédère elected independent councillors. With this vast majority at the city council, Labeaume declared his intention to make Quebec City the most appealing city in Canada and that in 15 years, the city would be greener, more efficient and more active. Third mayoral term On November 3, 2013, Labeaume was reelected with 74.1% of the vote and 18 out of 21 candidates from l'Équipe Labeaume were elected councillors. Labeaume has stated that he supports legislation banning the wearing of the niqāb or burqa in public spaces. A new Colisée in Québec A couple of months before the elections of December 2009, on October 16 Labeaume announced his intention to go forward with the project of the new indoor arena. He announced a new Colisée of 18000 seats would be built besides the old Colisée Pepsi. The estimated $400 million cost would be paid in part by the federal and provincial governments. When asked if this kind of announcement was justified before the elections, Labeaume answered he wanted to be transparent and that the announcement should be seen as an electoral engagement. On September 10, 2010, Quebec premier Jean Charest announced the province would be ready to pay 45% percent of the bill for the new arena if Ottawa would do the same. At this point, Labeaume and his team were still waiting for the federal answer. In December 2010, after a couple of months of speculation, Prime minister Harper announced the government had no intention of paying for these kinds of installations. The money would have to come from the private sector. In March 2011, Labeaume announced that he was "passing the puck" to Pierre Karl Péladeau and the group Quebecor. The media empire engaged itself in using the new Colisée with or without an NHL team. Personal life In March 2019, Labeaume announced that he has been diagnosed with prostate cancer. References External links Biography of Régis Labeaume at Canoe.ca Category:1956 births Category:French Quebecers Category:Living people Category:Mayors of Quebec City Category:Businesspeople from Quebec Category:Université Laval alumni Category:People from Roberval, Quebec Category:Writers from Quebec

Eucosma metana Eucosma metana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Shanghai, China. References Category:Moths described in 1919 Category:Eucosmini

Manhasset, New York Manhasset is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Nassau County, New York, on the North Shore of Long Island. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 8,080. As with other unincorporated communities in New York, its local affairs are administered by the town in which it is located, the Town of North Hempstead, New York, whose town hall is in Manhasset, making the hamlet the town seat. Manhasset is a Native American term that translates to "the island neighborhood". In 2005, a Wall Street Journal article ranked Manhasset as the best town for raising a family in the New York metropolitan area. The Manhasset area, settled by 1680, grew quickly after it began being served by the Long Island Rail Road in 1898. The LIRR provides access to New York City via the Manhasset station with an approximately 40 minute commute to Penn Station. Express trains, which run during rush hour, make the trip in less than 30 minutes. The hamlet of Manhasset is located 19.5 miles (29.2 km) away from midtown Manhattan. History The Matinecock had a village on Manhasset Bay. These Native Americans called the area Sint Sink, meaning "place of small stones." They made wampum from oyster shells. In 1623, the area was claimed by the Dutch West India Company and they began forcing English settlers to leave in 1640. A 1643 land purchase made it possible for English settlers to return to Cow Neck (the peninsula where present-day Port Washington, Manhasset and surrounding villages are located.). Manhasset Bay was previously known as Schout's Bay (a schout being roughly the Dutch equivalent of a sheriff), Martin Garretson's Bay (Martin Garretson was the Schout at one point), and later Cow Bay or Cow Harbor. Cow Neck was so called because it offered good grazing land. By 1659, there were over 300 cows and 5 mi (8 km) fence separating Cow Neck from the areas south of it. The settlers came to an agreement that each of them could have one cow on the neck for each section of fence the individual had constructed. The area was more formally divided among the settlers when the fence was removed in 1677. Manhasset took on the name Little Cow Neck, Port Washington was known as Upper Cow Neck. During the American Revolution, Little Cow Neck suffered at the hands of the British. Many structures and properties, such as the 1719 Quaker Meeting House were burned, seized or damaged. The Town of North Hempstead separated from the Town of Hempstead in 1784 because the South, inhabited mainly by Church of England people, was loyal to the king. The Northern communities and villages, dominated by Yankee Congregationalists supported independence. In 1801 it cost 2 cents to travel between Roslyn and Spinney Hill on North Hempstead Turnpike, the newly opened toll road (now Northern Boulevard). The Manhasset name was adopted in 1840 and comes from the native word "Manhansett", meaning "island neighborhood." Dairy farming was still a major endeavor but the oyster industry was also on the rise. In 1898, the Long Island Railroad arrived, bringing with it wealthy New Yorkers looking for country homes with easy transportation to more urban areas of New York City. Manhasset Valley and Spinney Hill attracted a number of skilled workers and immigrant families. The North Hempstead Town Hall opened in Manhasset on Plandome Road in 1907. Town councilmen had previously been meeting in Roslyn taverns after North Hempstead split away from Hempstead in 1775. The Manhasset Valley School, originally built to serve the children of the help on the local Gold Coast Estates, eventually came to serve Manhasset's African American community, and was closed in the 1960s by a desegregation lawsuit. It is still standing and is currently used as a community center. The centrally located but antiquated Plandome Road School was demolished in the early 1970s, having been replaced by the new Shelter Rock School by 1969. Currently, Mary Jane Davies Park sits on the site of the old school. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (1.24%) is water. In addition to the unincorporated areas of Manhasset proper—North and South Strathmore, Strathmore Village, Strathmore Vanderbilt, Shorehaven, Terrace Manor, and Norgate— those with a Manhasset address also include three incorporated villages: Munsey Park, Plandome, and Plandome Heights; and parts of three others: Flower Hill, Plandome Manor, and North Hills. The Plandomes The three Plandomes—Plandome, Plandome Manor and Plandome Heights—are in the north. Incorporated in 1911, the Village of Plandome has frontage on Manhasset Bay, a village center with a village green, and the wooded hills area. Its c.1912 Village Hall, a local landmark at the Green, once served as an elementary school. Its own LIRR Station is no more than a mile away from each home in the village. Plandome Manor, incorporated in 1931, is a section of Manhasset with waterfront properties and parking at the railroad station. Plandome Heights, incorporated in 1929, has a history of Spanish architectural styles of white stucco exteriors and red-tile roofs, bordering downtown (unincorporated) Manhasset. Munsey Park In 1922, Louis Sherry, the wealthy confectioner, sold his estate and mansion to newspaper publisher Frank A. Munsey. Over time, Munsey amassed which included all of the present day Munsey Park. Munsey had no heirs, no family and his entire estate and assets were left to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. One portion of the Munsey lands—the Strathmore area and the chateau—was sold to Mrs. Graham Fair Vanderbilt. The north were shaped into a model restricted community to reflect the generosity of Frank Munsey. The Metropolitan Museum developed a model community with all the homes built as authentic American colonial reproductions and the streets named for American artists. The Strathmores and Vanderbilts After a decade of providing a gracious setting for lawn parties and social festivities, the Vanderbilt family sold the 100 acre property to architect William Levitt who developed the Strathmore Vanderbilt community centered around the presence of the French Chateau at the end of the long and winding tree-lined drive. Strathmore Vanderbilt is located south of Quaker Ridge Rd. and to the west of Chapel Rd. Those living in Strathmore Vanderbilt receive deeded membership shares to the Strathmore Vanderbilt Country Club. East of Mill Spring Rd, the residents of Strathmore Village do not receive deeded shares. South Strathmore is the area in front of Strathmore Vanderbilt and Strathmore Village. It runs from Northern Blvd. back to Quaker Ridge Rd. and Hilltop Dr. North Strathmore is between Northern Blvd. and Munsey Park, north of the early 21st century library, and runs east. North Hills Once owned by John Hay Whitney, publisher of the New York Herald Tribune and Ambassador to England, the Whitney estate, known as Greentree, encompasses almost a quarter of the lands in Manhasset. Shelter Rock is an 1800-ton granite boulder, the largest known on Long Island, deposited by a glacier more than 11,000 years ago near what is now Shelter Rock Road, in the Village of North Hills. The Matinecock Indians used its 30-foot overhang for shelter in their village on the site. Many legends woven by both Indians and colonists who arrived in the 1600s are still told. By the 1900s a dozen families owned huge estates, including business magnate Nicholas Frederic Brady, who built Inisfada, once one of the largest houses in the country. In the past few decades, the area developed into several private gated communities surrounding Deepdale Golf Club, founded by William K. Vanderbilt II in 1924, using part of his Deepdale summer estate at Lake Success. Flower Hill The name of Flower Hill can be traced to the early 18th century when the village consisted of several residences and other buildings located where today Port Washington Boulevard, Bonnie Heights Road and Country Club Drive intersect. This was a village that served farmers whose land was located along Port Washington Boulevard and extended down to Hempstead Harbor. Three of the original farmhouses in Flower Hill are still in existence: The Willets House, on the west side of Port Washington Boulevard, home of the Cow Neck Historical Society, The Williams House, also on the west side of Port Washington Boulevard and the Hewlett Homestead on the east side. Proximity to the water was important because those farms shipped vegetables, grain and fruits to New York City from docks in Roslyn or Manhasset Bay. In the spring many flowering cherry trees line the road to the farms with fields and meadows always filled with wild violets and other wildflowers. There are even some apple trees still standing that date to the days when Flower Hill farms sold the produce from their apple, pear and peach orchards. Sunset Hill, the historic estate of Albert and Alice Grace D'Oench and the Mason estate, both demolished, were also in Flower Hill, closer to the railroad line. Greentree Approximately a quarter of Manhasset lands still belong to the private Greentree Whitney estate. The family mansion and surrounding lands are among the few remaining largely intact Long Island "Gold Coast" estates. The Greentree Foundation occupies the property as a conference center dedicated to international justice and human rights issues. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 8,362 people, 2,831 households, and 2,185 families residing in the census-designated place (CDP). The population density was 3,505.8 per square mile (1,350.9/km²). There were 2,917 housing units at an average density of 1,223.0/sq mi (471.2/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 88.1% White, 2.3% African American, 0.9% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 5.5% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.5% of the population. There were 2,831 households out of which 66.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.1% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.8% were non-families. 20.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 6.81 and the average family size was 5.73. In the CDP, the population was spread out with 24.2% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.7 males. According to a 2009 estimate, the median income for a household in the CDP was $105,938, and the median income for a family was $130,909. The per capita income in the CDP was $51,698. 5.7% of the population and 3.9% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 5.4% are under the age of 18 and 6.9% are 65 or older. Economy Manhasset is well known for its high-end premium open-air shopping center, the Americana Manhasset. The center is situated along Northern Boulevard's "Miracle Mile" which is referred to in Billy Joel's 1980 hit "It's Still Rock and Roll to Me". The Americana first opened in 1956 as a simple community-style shopping mall; however, in the early 2000s gradually it catered to luxury goods boutiques such as Ralph Lauren, Brooks Brothers, Prada, Giorgio Armani, Chanel, Theory, Louis Vuitton, Hermès, and Burberry, among others. In addition, a short distance away from the Miracle Mile is Lord & Taylor, which was that brand's first branch store in America. In addition to Lord & Taylor, Manhasset has supported branches of some of the most well known stores in New York over the years—B. Altman and Company, Bonwit Teller, Abraham & Straus, Best & Co., Arnold Constable, Franklin Simon & Co., Peck & Peck, W. & J. Sloane, J.J. Newberry and Waldbaum's. The old commercial center of Manhasset is situated around the railroad station on Plandome Road, where the LIRR connects directly into Manhattan for a 37-minute commute. The area has bakeries, pizzerias, delis, bars, coffee shops, and a movie theater. Centralized in town is a small park and a gazebo. The public library is located 1 block east of Plandome Road on the corner of Onderdonk Ave. and Northern Boulevard, next door to the historic Quaker Meeting House. The North American headquarters of Sabena were located in a office building in Manhasset. In April 2002 Knightsbridge Properties Corp. bought the building for $4.9 million. Due to the bankruptcies of Sabena and Swissair, the real estate deal took over a year to finish. During that month the building was 30% occupied. Sabena was scheduled to move out of the building on May 10, 2002. The buyer planned to spend an additional $2 million to convert the building into a multi-tenant, Class A office and medical facility. Sports Manhasset High School See Manhasset High School#Sports St. Mary's See St. Mary's High School (Manhasset, New York) Education Manhasset High School (public) Manhasset Middle School (public) Shelter Rock Elementary School (public) Munsey Park Elementary School (public) St Mary's Elementary School (private) St Mary's High School (private) Our Lady of Grace Montessori School (private) The Manhasset School District covers not only the unincorporated areas discussed in the census reports, but several incorporated villages including Plandome, Plandome Manor, Munsey Park and part of Flower Hill. Manhasset High School is rated among the top in the country. In the 2010 Newsweek magazine's annual list of the top American high schools, Manhasset is ranked 87th nationally out of the 1,700 schools evaluated. Manhasset has a locally operated School Community Association (SCA) instead of electing to be a local chapter of the Parent Teacher Association. The SCA, which boasts great support within the community, annually hosts the SCA fair at Munsey Park School to raise money. Membership dues and profits from fund-raising efforts benefit the schools in Manhasset; no percentage of funds goes to a state or national offices of a larger organization, thus all monies raised benefit the Manhasset schools directly. Notable people Danny Barnes (born 1989), Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher. Bruce R. Bent, co-creator of the money market fund Ted Bessell (1935-1996), television actor and director, That Girl. Billy Bitter (born 1988), professional lacrosse player for the Charlotte Hounds of Major League Lacrosse. Mike Breen (born 1961), NBA play-by-play commentator Jim Brown (born 1936), Hall of Fame football player and actor Craig Cohn (born 1983), professional wrestler better known as Craig Classic. Billy Crudup (born 1968), actor, in movies such as Big Fish and Almost Famous Carson Daly (born 1973), TV personality, host of The Voice, Last Call with Carson Daly and New Year's Eve with Carson Daly. R.A. Dickey (born 1974), MLB pitcher for the Toronto Blue Jays, formerly with the New York Mets. Mike Dunlap (born 1957), former head coach of Charlotte Bobcats NBA team. Don Dunphy (1908–1998), television and radio sports announcer specializing in boxing. Melissa Errico, former ingenue in Broadway musicals/performer; married to Patrick McEnroe. Boomer Esiason (born 1961), former professional football player, sports radio talk show host of WFAN's Boomer and Carton, television commentator. Manoug Exerjian (1888–1974), Armenian-American architect in New York Jinx Falkenburg (1919–2003), model and radio personality with husband Tex McCrary. Peter T. Farrell (c. 1901–1992), judge who presided over the trial of bank robber Willie Sutton. Mike Francesa (born 1954), sports radio talk show host of WFAN's Mike's On: Francesa on the FAN. John A. Gambling, radio personality Ray Goulding (1922–1990), radio personality, comedian, partner of Bob Elliott of "Bob and Ray" fame. J. Peter Grace (1913–1995), former CEO of W.R. Grace and Company. Al Groh (born 1944), former head coach of New York Jets and the University of Virginia. Leroy Grumman (1895–1982), founder of Grumman Aircraft. Ken Howard (1944–2016), actor, best known for the TV series The White Shadow. Chris Jericho (born 1970), AEW and WWE professional wrestler, lead vocalist of Fozzy. Alex Katz (born 1994), baseball pitcher Stephen A. Lesser (born 1944), architect, designer of Faneuil Hall Marketplace in Boston. Jackie MacMullan (born 1960), sportswriter. Jason Marquis (born 1978)], major league baseball All Star pitcher. Leonard Marsh, co-founder of Snapple. Jim McCann, founder and CEO of 1-800-Flowers. Patrick McEnroe (born 1966), tennis player, US Davis Cup captain, TV sportscaster J. R. Moehringer, Pulitzer Prize-winning author George Nozuka, R&B/pop singer Bill O'Reilly, television commentator and author Joan Whitney Payson (1903–75), heiress, businesswoman, philanthropist, patron of the arts and art collector, member of the prominent Whitney family; owner of the New York Mets. Lynn Petronella, Olympic marathon pioneer, boycotted for being a female distance runner in 1980, made Olympic history by coaching Joan Benoit to get the women's marathon included in the Olympics Beulah Poynter (1883-1960), actress and writer, Manhasset resident Summer Rae (born 1983), professional wrestler, actress and former American football player José Reyes, professional baseball player for the New York Mets Anthony Scaramucci (born 1964), 10-day White House Communications Director and founder of SkyBridge Capital Elie Siegmeister, composer, educator and author Arthur Treacher (1894–1975), actor John Hay "Jock" Whitney (1904–82), Venture Capitalist, Publisher, Ambassador Payne Whitney (1876–1927), Industrialist, Philanthropist Chris Mullin (1963-2019), Retired professional American basketball player In popular culture Movies Miracle on 34th Street (1947): In the film, Fred Gailey tells Mr. Kringle that he would like to buy a colonial home in Manhasset. "This Is Where I Leave You" (2014): The movie was filmed in Manhasset on a cul-de-sac. The cast includes Jason Bateman and Tina Fey. "Love Ludlow" (2005) The Sundance hit was shot mostly in and around Manhasset. Myra and Ludlow's entire Queen's railroad apartment was a set built in the basement of Christ's Church in Manhasset. Boiler Room (2000): Portions of the driving scenes feature noticeable areas of Manhasset The Good Shepherd (2006): Portions of the movie were filmed in Manhasset. The Wolf of Wall Street (2013): Shots of the ZDC building can be seen in the film. This Is Where I Leave You (2014): Scenes filmed in Munsey Park at a house on the corner of Burnham Place and Park Avenue. Television Saturday Night Live (1980): A short film called Manhasset was presented. It was a parody of Woody Allen's Manhattan, with sweeping shots of the Miracle Mile instead of the Manhattan skyline. Will & Grace: Karen states in one episode that she would like to use her helicopter to fly to Fortunoff's in Manhasset. However, in real life, there is no Fortunoff in Manhasset. Everybody Loves Raymond (1996): Uncle Gus owned Carpet World in Manhasset open 10-6 Sundays. Jim Brown: All-American (2002): Portions of the Spike Lee's HBO documentary were filmed in Manhasset. Made (2003): Scenes from MTV's TV series Made were filmed in Manhasset. The Good Wife (2009): Portions of this show were filmed in Manhasset. Revenge (2012): Emily Thorne visits a fictional "New Mercy Hospital" in Manhasset. The Blacklist (2013): Scenes filmed at Onderdonk Avenue and George Street, just off Plandome Road. Literature The Great Gatsby (1925): The eastern shore of Manhasset Bay was F. Scott Fitzgerald's inspiration for "East Egg". The Tender Bar (2005): Coming of age memoir by J.R. Moehringer that takes place in Manhasset. The bar featured in classic novel, The Tender Bar called Publicans, reopened in Manhasset on Plandome Road in 2017 Music The Manhasett Quartet was the first vocal group to record commercially under its own name, from about 1892. International relations Manhasset negotiations (2007–2008): The Manhasset negotiations (also known as Manhasset I, II, III and IV) were a series of talks that took place in four rounds in 2007-2008 at Manhasset, New York between the Moroccan government and the representatives of the Saharawi liberation movement, the Polisario Front to resolve the Western Sahara conflict. Greentree Accord (2006): Otherwise known as the Bakassi Accord, it was an agreement between Nigeria and Cameroon on the issue of the Bakassi peninsula. Presidents Olusegun Obasanjo and Paul Biya signed what is now being called the Greentree Accord, in regard to the location of the meeting in Manhasset. References External links Manhasset Chamber of Commerce Manhasset Community Website Manhasset-Lakeville Volunteer Fire Department Manhasset Public Library A detailed history of the town Category:Census-designated places in New York (state) Category:Hamlets in New York (state) Category:Census-designated places in Nassau County, New York Category:Hamlets in Nassau County, New York Category:Populated coastal places in New York (state)

Latin American School of Medicine Latin American School of Medicine could refer to: Latin American School of Medicine (Cuba) Latin American School of Medicine A.P. Réverénd (Venezuela)

2009 Samsung Securities Cup The 2009 Samsung Securities Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the tenth edition of the tournament which was part of the Tretorn SERIE+ of the 2009 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Seoul, South Korea between 26 October and 1 November 2009. ATP entrants Seeds Rankings are as of October 19, 2009. Other Entrants The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw: Cho Soong-yae Kim Sun-yong Lim Yong-kyu Noh Sang-woo The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: Matthias Bachinger Greg Jones (as a Lucky Loser) Frederik Nielsen Igor Sijsling Takao Suzuki Champions Singles Lukáš Lacko def. Dušan Lojda, 6–4, 6–2 Doubles Rik de Voest / Lu Yen-hsun def. Sanchai Ratiwatana / Sonchat Ratiwatana, 7–6(5), 3–6, [10–6] External links South Korean Tennis Federation official website ITF Search 2009 Draws Samsung Securities Cup Category:Samsung Securities Cup

2003–04 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season During the 2003–04 English football season, Sheffield Wednesday competed in the Football League Second Division. Season summary After relegation the previous season, Sheffield Wednesday competed in the third tier of English football for the first time in over 20 years. Wednesday made a positive start to the season and were 2nd in the league by mid-September. As results slipped through Autumn they slid down to mid table, although they remained around 6 points from the play off places going into the new year. An upturn in form never materialised and as the season wore on and promotion became less likely, results turned for the worse. Wednesday lost 9 of their last 13 league games finishing 16th, 20 points from a play off position and only avoiding relegation by 3 points. Final league table Results Sheffield Wednesday's score comes first Legend Football League First Division FA Cup League Cup Football League Trophy Squad Left club during season References 2003-04 Sheffield Wednesday

André Boillot André Boillot (8 August 1891 – 5 June 1932) was a French auto racing driver. Born in Valentigney, Doubs, he was the younger brother of race car driver, Georges Boillot. Following in his brother's footsteps, André Boillot began racing cars at a young age. However, World War I not only disrupted his career but claimed the life of his brother in 1916. After the war, André Boillot returned to racing as part of the Peugeot factory team and drove their EXS model to victory in the 1919 Targa Florio. French drivers had been a major force since the inception of the Indianapolis 500 in the United States and he was part of a large post-war contingent of entrants from France. Boillot competed at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in the 1919 "500" and was in the thick of things when he crashed with only five laps remaining. He returned to race in the event in 1920 and 1921 but both times went out early with mechanical problems. In Europe, he won the 1922 and 1925 editions of the Coppa Florio and in 1926 he and co-pilot Louis Rigal won the Spa 24 Hours in Belgium. André Boillot was driving a Peugeot 201 when he crashed during practice for the 1932 Ars hillclimbing race at La Châtre. He died in hospital a few days later from his injuries. Indy 500 results Category:French racing drivers Category:Indianapolis 500 drivers Category:Grand Prix drivers Category:24 Hours of Spa drivers Category:Peugeot Category:1891 births Category:1932 deaths Category:Racing drivers killed while racing Category:Sport deaths in France

Mount Mende Mount Mende () is a nunatak southwest of Mount Lanzerotti, rising to about in the Sky-Hi Nunataks of Ellsworth Land, Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 1987 after Stephen B. Mende of the Lockheed Research Laboratory, Palo Alto, California, a Principal Investigator in upper atmosphere research, including auroral studies, carried out at Siple Station and South Pole Station from 1973 onwards. References Category:Mountains of Palmer Land

Journal of Women & Aging The Journal of Women & Aging is a quarterly peer-reviewed healthcare journal focusing on health challenges facing women in their later years. The journal was established in 1989 and is published by Routledge. The editor-in-chief is Francine Conway (of Rutgers University). Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2015 impact factor of 0.846, ranking it 22nd out of 40 journals in the category "Women's Studies". See also List of women's studies journals References External links Category:English-language journals Category:Publications established in 1989 Category:Taylor & Francis academic journals Category:Quarterly journals Category:Women's health Category:Women's studies journals

2011 Chicago Slaughter season The Chicago Slaughter season was the team's fifth season as a professional indoor football franchise and second in the Indoor Football League (IFL). One of twenty-two teams competing in the IFL for the 2011 season, the Hoffman Estates, Illinois-based Chicago Slaughter were members of the Great Lakes Division of the United Conference. Under the leadership of owner Jim McMahon, and head coach Steve McMichael, the team played their home games at the Sears Centre in Hoffman Estates, Illinois. Schedule Key: Regular season * = Kickoff Classic Game, before week 1 starts. Postseason Roster Standings References Chicago Slaughter Category:Chicago Slaughter seasons Chicago Slaughter

Sandkrug station Sandkrug station () is a railway station in the municipality of Sandkrug, located in the Oldenburg district in Lower Saxony, Germany. References Category:Railway stations in Lower Saxony Category:Buildings and structures in Oldenburg (district)

Michelle Weber Michelle Weber (born 28 September 1996) is a South African swimmer. She competed in the women's marathon 10 kilometre event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. She finished 18th with a time of 1:59:05.0. References External links Category:1996 births Category:Living people Category:South African female swimmers Category:Female long-distance swimmers Category:Olympic swimmers of South Africa Category:Swimmers at the 2016 Summer Olympics Category:Place of birth missing (living people) Category:Swimmers at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics

2019 Wuhan Open – Doubles Elise Mertens and Demi Schuurs were the defending champions, but chose not to participate together. Schuurs teamed up with Anna-Lena Grönefeld, but lost in the semifinals to Mertens and Aryna Sabalenka. Duan Yingying and Veronika Kudermetova won the title, defeating Mertens and Sabalenka in the final, 7–6(7–3), 6–2. Seeds The top four seeds received a bye into the second round. Draw Finals Top Half Bottom Half References Main draw Doubles

Tag Challenge The Tag Challenge is a social gaming competition, with a US$5,000 reward, in which participants were invited to find five "suspects" in a simulated law enforcement search in five different cities throughout North America and Europe on March 31, 2012. It aimed to determine whether and how social media can be used to accomplish a realistic, time-sensitive, international law enforcement objective. The challenge was won by a team that located 3 of the 5 suspects. Challenge description The objective of the challenge was to be the first to locate and photograph five volunteer "suspects" in five different cities: Washington DC, New York City, London, Stockholm and Bratislava in Slovakia. At 8:00am local time, the organizers posted on their website a mug shot of each suspect on the day of the event. Each suspect wore a shirt bearing the event logo. The suspect’s face, dress, and the contest logo were clearly visible in each of the mug shots. Contestants used only this photograph and a brief description provided on the event website to identify each suspect. The photos would be verified through a unique code on both the front and back of the shirt, which was not revealed in a suspect’s mug shot but known only to the organizers. Participants had to make sure that the code phrase is clearly visible in each submission. The winning team or individual would receive up to US$5,000 in reward. The challenge was created by an international group of graduate students from six countries, led by George Washington University graduate student J.R. deLara. The challenge is advertised as an "independent, nonprofit event," but it is being sponsored by the US State Department and the US Embassy in Prague. Role of Social Media The scale of the challenge means that no single person or group of friends can tackle it on their own. Instead, winning was likely to rely on the ability to assemble a very large, ad hoc team of spotters. As such, the Tag Challenge is an example of crowdsourcing, an approach to accomplishing tasks by opening them to the public. It is similar to the DARPA Network Challenge, in which teams competed to locate 10 red weather balloons placed at random locations all over the United States. However, the Tag Challenge was expected to be significantly harder, due to the international distribution of the targets over so many countries and, more importantly, the fact that they were mobile. Teams Given the scale and geographical distribution of the challenge, the most likely winner was going to be a team rather than an individual. CrowdScanner: Organized by computer scientists from UCSD, Masdar Institute, and University of Southampton and led by Iyad Rahwan, this team included one of the winners of the DARPA Network Challenge. The strategy, based on the DARPA Network Challenge winning strategy, was as follows: "You receive $500 if you upload an image of a suspect that is accepted by the challenge organizers. If a friend you invited using your individualized referral link uploads an acceptable image of a suspect, YOU also get $100. Furthermore, recruiters of the first 2000 recruits who signed up by referral get $1 for each recruit they refer to sign up with us (using the individualized referral link)." TagTeam_: The Tag Teamgroup was run by a diverse group of individuals with backgrounds including international relations from the University of Chicago, statistics from Georgetown University, and computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and George Washington University. Their strategy was to promise to distribute whatever winnings they receive to local charities, the individuals who locate the suspects, and those who provide a reference to a person to locates the suspects. Outcome The challenge took place on March 31, 2012. Entries were accepted until noon, 12:00 pm, EST on April 1, 2012. The organizers announced the winning team to be CrowdScanner, having located 3 among the 5 targets. Analysis The winning team subsequently published extensive analysis of the data from their social media campaign. It was found that during the challenge, people were "able to consistently route information in a targeted fashion even under increasing time pressure." Using a model of social-media fueled global mobilization, the authors estimated that during the most time-critical portion of the challenge, one in three social messages were geographically targeted. A blog on MIT Technology Review dubbed this ability "12 hours of separation" in homage to the Six degrees of separation theory. References External links Tag Challenge Official Website GreenTagTeam Website Team Rave Website Tag Team Website Crowdscanner Team Website Category:Crowdsourcing

Mingjiao Temple Mingjiao Temple (), may refer to: Mingjiao Temple (Anhui), in Hefei, Anhui, China Mingjiao Temple (Shandong), in Heze, Shandong, China Mingjiao Temple (Zhejiang), in Zhuji, Zhejiang, China

Pete Wilcox Peter Jonathan Wilcox (born 1961) is a British Anglican bishop. Since June 2017, he has been the Bishop of Sheffield in the Church of England. He was previously the Dean of Liverpool from 2012 to 2017. Early life and education Wilcox was born in 1961 and attended Worksop College in north Nottinghamshire before studying at Durham University where he was a member of St John's College. He graduated from Durham with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1984. He then attended Ridley Hall, Cambridge, where he trained for ordination and graduated from the University of Cambridge with a BA degree in theology in 1986. Later, he returned to Durham for post-graduate study and completed a Master of Arts (MA) degree in 1991. He then attended St John's College, Oxford, and completed a Doctor of Philosophy (DPhil) degree in 1993. His doctoral thesis was titled "Restoration, Reformation and the progress of the kingdom of Christ : evangelisation in the thought and practice of John Calvin, 1555–1564". Ordained ministry He was ordained a deacon at Petertide (28 June) 1987 and a priest the next Petertide (26 June 1988) — both times by David Jenkins, Bishop of Durham, at Durham Cathedral; his first post was a curacy in Preston-on-Tees. From 1990 to 1993, while undertaking post-graduate study, he was a non-stipendiary minister at St Giles' Church, Oxford and St Margaret's Church, Oxford. He was Team Vicar of Gateshead from 1993 to 1998 when he became the Director of the Urban Mission Centre, Cranmer Hall, Durham. He was priest in charge of St Paul's Walsall from 1998 before becoming Canon Chancellor of Lichfield Cathedral in 2006. He was installed as Dean of Liverpool Cathedral on 15 September 2012. Episcopal ministry On 7 April 2017, it was announced that Wilcox was to become the next Bishop of Sheffield, to be consecrated on 22 June and take up the role in autumn 2017. He was elected to the See by the College of Canons of Sheffield Cathedral on 5 May 2017 and his election confirmed at York Minster on 5 June 2017. On 22 June 2017, he was consecrated a bishop by John Sentamu, Archbishop of York, at York Minster. On 23 September 2017, he was installed as the 8th Bishop of Sheffield during a service at Sheffield Cathedral. Personal life Wilcox is married to Catherine Fox, a writer and a lecturer at Manchester Metropolitan University. They have two children. Styles The Reverend Pete Wilcox (1988–1993) The Reverend Doctor Pete Wilcox (1993–2006) The Reverend Canon Doctor Pete Wilcox (2006–2012) The Very Reverend Doctor Pete Wilcox (20125 June 2017) The Reverend Doctor Pete Wilcox (5 June 201722 June 2017) The Right Reverend Doctor Pete Wilcox (22 June 2017present) References External links a lecture given in 2019 Category:1961 births Category:Living people Category:20th-century English Anglican priests Category:21st-century Anglican bishops Category:21st-century English Anglican priests Category:Alumni of St John's College, Durham Category:Alumni of St John's College, Oxford Category:Bishops of Sheffield Category:Staff of Cranmer Hall, Durham

Kumbalam Kumbalam may refer to places in India: Kumbalam, Ernakulam, Kerala Kumbalam, Kollam, Kerala Kumbalam, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu

Symphony No. 6 (Shostakovich) The Symphony No. 6 in B minor, Op. 54 by Dmitri Shostakovich was written in 1939, and first performed in Leningrad on 21 November 1939 by the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra under Yevgeny Mravinsky. Structure Symphony No. 6 is in three movements and is approximately 30 minutes in length: The Sixth Symphony is unusual in structure, beginning with a long and introspective slow movement, followed by two short movements: a scherzo and a "full-blooded and debauched music-hall galop". According to music critic Herbert Glass, the "entire [first] movement is based on the cell of a minor third, with a second theme - which follows without transition - the motif of a diminished seventh, with the trill at its close forming the third major ingredient of the movement - the two themes and the trill combined as a sort of super-theme. The composer lays this out as clearly as if he were teaching a music-appreciation class: do listen for it. Chamber music effects abound with, for instance, piccolo or flute, eerily alone or accompanied by the B-flat clarinets. There are walloping climaxes, too, each of which dies away into the gloom. Note, too, the composer's wonderful spotlighting of the melancholy English horn, a lone figure after the din has evaporated." The third movement galop is the movement Shostakovich himself thought was most successful. Music critic Daniel Hathaway noted that in the third movement, [the] "Snare drums ratcheted up the riot of brutal sound in the Scherzo and references to the William Tell Overture and laughing trombones added a hilarious burlesque quality to the finale." On average, the first movement is 15–20 minutes long, the second movement is 4–6 minutes long, and the third movement is 5–7 minutes long. Instrumentation This symphony is scored for piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, cor anglais, 3 clarinets (3rd doubling Eb clarinet), bass clarinet, 3 bassoons (3rd doubling contrabassoon), 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, snare drum, bass drum, cymbals, triangle, tambourine, tam-tam, xylophone, harp, celesta and strings. History The Sixth Symphony was originally planned to be a large-scale "Lenin Symphony" - a project which was often announced, but never materialised. Shostakovich had announced once in September 1938 that he was anxious to work on his Sixth Symphony, which would be a monumental composition for soloists, chorus and orchestra employing the poem Vladimir Ilyich Lenin by Vladimir Mayakovsky, but the declamatory nature of the poem made it difficult to set. He later tried to incorporate other literature about Lenin in his new symphony, but without success. In January 1939, he spoke about the Sixth Symphony in a radio address, with no mention of Lenin or any extramusical associations. The purely instrumental Symphony No. 6 was completed in September 1939. Shostakovich commented on it in the press: The musical character of the Sixth Symphony will differ from the mood and emotional tone of the Fifth Symphony, in which moments of tragedy and tension were characteristic. In my latest symphony, music of a contemplative and lyrical order predominates. I wanted to convey in it the moods of spring, joy, youth. On 21 November 1939, exactly two years after the premiere of the Symphony No. 5, the premiere of the Symphony No. 6 took place in the Large Hall of the Leningrad Philharmonic in Leningrad by the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra under Yevgeny Mravinsky—the same location and performers. In the same programme was the Romantic Poem for violin and orchestra of Zhelobinsky. The symphony had a successful premiere, and the finale was encored. However, although a local critic lauded Shostakovich for further freeing himself from formalistic tendencies in his new symphony, the work was later criticised for its ungainly structure and the jarring juxtaposition of moods. The fact that the symphony was performed during a 10-day festival of Soviet music which included patriotic works by Prokofiev (excerpts from Alexander Nevsky) and Shaporin (On the Field of Kulikovo) probably did not help. The first recording was made by Leopold Stokowski with the Philadelphia Orchestra for RCA Victor in December 1940. Notable recordings Notable recordings of this symphony include: * = Mono recording (1) = recorded live in Birmingham Source: arkivmusic.com (recommended recordings selected based on critics' reviews) References Bibliography Fay, Laurel (1999). Shostakovich: A Life. Oxford University Press. . External links Program note by the London Shostakovich Orchestra Symphony No. 06 (Shostakovich) Category:Compositions in B minor Category:1939 compositions

1882 Liverpool City Council election Elections to Liverpool City Council were held on Wednesday 1 November 1882. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years. Ten of the sixteen seats were uncontested. After the election, the composition of the council was: Election result Ward results * - Retiring Councillor seeking re-election Abercromby Castle Street Everton Exchange Great George Lime Street North Toxteth Pitt Street Rodney Street St. Anne Street St. Paul's St. Peter's Scotland South Toxteth Vauxhall West Derby By-elections No.2, Scotland, 7 August 1883 Caused by the death of Councillor Patrick de Lacy Garton (Irish Home Rule, Scotland, elected 1 November 1880 – 1881) Aldermanic By Election, 18 September 1883 Alderman John Weightman died on 5 August 1883. Former Councillor Robert Vining (Conservative, Everton, elected 1 November 1876) was elected as an alderman by the Council (Councillors and Aldermen) on 18 September 1883. See also Liverpool City Council Liverpool Town Council elections 1835 - 1879 Liverpool City Council elections 1880–present Mayors and Lord Mayors of Liverpool 1207 to present History of local government in England References 1882 Category:1882 English local elections Category:November 1882 events Category:1880s in Liverpool

Concerto in G major __NOTOC__ Many composers have written concerti in the key of G major. These include: Harpsichord and piano concertos Harpsichord Concerto BWV 1058 (J. S. Bach) Piano Concerto No. 4 (Mozart) Piano Concerto No. 17 (Mozart) Piano Concerto No. 4 (Beethoven) Piano Concerto No. 2 (Tchaikovsky) Piano Concerto (Ravel) Piano Concerto No. 2 (Bartók) Piano Concerto No. 5 (Prokofiev) Viola and violin concertos Viola Concerto (Telemann) Violin Concerto No. 4 (Haydn) Violin Concerto No. 3 (Mozart) Flute concertos Flute Concerto No. 1 (Mozart) See also List of compositions for cello and orchestra List of compositions for keyboard and orchestra List of compositions for violin and orchestra

The Crusades Through Arab Eyes The Crusades Through Arab Eyes () is a French language historical essay by Lebanese author Amin Maalouf. As the name suggests, the book is a narrative retelling of primary sources drawn from various Arab chronicles that seeks to provide an Arab perspective on the Crusades, and especially regarding the Crusaders – the Franks (Franj), as the Arabs called them – who are considered cruel, savage, ignorant and culturally backward. From the first invasion in the eleventh century through till the general collapse of the Crusades in the thirteenth century, the book constructs a narrative that is the reverse of that common in the Western world, describing the main facts as bellicose and displaying situations of a quaint historic setting where Western Christians are viewed as "barbarians", unaware of the most elementary rules of honor, dignity and social ethics. References Category:Books about the Crusades Category:1984 non-fiction books Category:Works by Amin Maalouf Category:Arab history Category:French non-fiction books

Sandy railway station Sandy railway station serves the town of Sandy in Bedfordshire, England. It is on the East Coast Main Line, about 44 miles (71 km) from . Sandy is managed and served by Great Northern. Sandy station was originally built in 1850 for the Great Northern Railway; the London and North Western Railway opened an adjacent station in 1862. The stations were later merged into one, which has since undergone many changes. The present station has two large platforms and 4 main rail lines, a pair of "up and down" slow lines used by stopping services and a pair of "up and down" fast lines used by high speed services passing through. A fifth line extends off the "up" slow line which links into the remaining sidings and original bay platforms. There is also a sixth line off the "down" slow line that links to a siding beside Platform1. The station platforms have been lengthened at their southern ends so that they can cope with 12-car trains, which have recently started serving the station to increase capacity and in preparation for new Class 700 trains following the completion of the Thameslink Programme. History The first section of the Great Northern Railway (GNR) - that from to a junction with the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway at Grimsby - opened on 1 March 1848, but the southern section of the main line, between and , was not opened until August 1850. Sandy was one of the original stations, opening with the line on 7 August 1850. The Sandy and Potton Railway was opened for goods traffic on 23 June 1857, and to passengers on 9 November 1857. It was later purchased by the Bedford and Cambridge Railway (B&CR), which closed the line in January 1862 for reconstruction. The line reopened on 7 July 1862, including a new station at Sandy separate from, but adjacent to, the GNR station. The B&CR was absorbed by the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) in 1865. The eastern section of the Bedford-Cambridge route (sometimes known as the Varsity Line) closed on 1 January 1968, and with it, the ex-LNWR platforms at Sandy. The two stations were physically adjacent, and shared an island platform. In 1917 the LNWR station was placed under the management of the GNR, and then shared the booking facilities. After the closure of the Varsity Line, the station was considerably rebuilt in the early 1970s to give a 4-track layout throughout, and platforms on the slow lines only, thus removing a 2-track bottleneck on the East Coast Main Line. Sandy railway station was the site of the English unjust enrichment case Great Northern Railway Co. v Swaffield (1874) LR 9 Exch 132, in which the defendant sent a horse to this railway station, to be collected. His employee arrived the next day, but the station master demanded that he pay livery stable costs for the night; the employee refused to pay, and did not collect the horse. The defendant arrived later, and demanded payment to compensate him for duress of goods (after the station master offered to pay livery stable costs out of pocket); after the station master refused to pay such compensation, the defendant left the horse in the possession of the station for four months during litigation. The Court of the Exchequer held the defendant liable for four months' stable costs, as the plaintiff in the case 'had not choice, unless they would leave the horse at the station or in the high road to his own danger and the danger of other people' (per Kelly CB). In this way the court recognised a limited exception to the rule that no claim for salvage be recognised by the courts outside the context of salvage in tidal waters. The stable costs were paid to the use of the defendant by way of necessity, and therefore constituted unjust enrichment. Facilities Sandy station has a small café inside the booking office on Platform 2. There is a large sheltered area with seating on Platform 1, and a smaller one on Platform 2. Both platforms have step-free access via the external road bridge. However the slope to the bridge is relatively steep on both sides of the railway and the footpath on the bridge is quite narrow. In the later half of 2016, modern ticket barriers where installed at the entrance to both platforms along with a covered area to protect them from wind and rain damage. When in use, there are staff on hand if any issues arise. The station has two modern touch screen ticket machines located in front of the booking office, and there are cycle storage facilities to the south of it. The station also has help points throughout, which were installed by former franchise holder First Capital Connect. Services The station is served by a half-hourly Thameslink service southbound to Horsham via London St Pancras and northbound to Peterborough. Late night southbound services terminate at London Kings Cross instead. There is an hourly service in each direction on Sundays. Route Future In 2017, there was speculation that the station might be relocated from its current position in the town centre to a new site just to the north of the town. In late January 2020, East West Rail Ltd announced that the route of EWR between and would be 'in the Tempsford area', mid way between Sandy and St Neots. Concern has been expressed locally that a new EWR/ECML interchange hub at Tempsford railway station may lead to the closure of Sandy station. Location In the chainage notation traditionally used on the railways, it is from . References External links http://www.bedfordshire.gov.uk/CommunityAndLiving/ArchivesAndRecordOffice/CommunityArchives/Sandy/TheDeathOfASandyStationMaster.aspx (with photographs of both old stations) Category:Railway stations in Bedfordshire Category:Former Great Northern Railway stations Category:Railway stations opened in 1850 Category:Thameslink railway stations Category:Sandy, Bedfordshire Category:Former London and North Western Railway stations Category:Railway stations opened in 1862 Category:Railway stations closed in 1968 Category:1862 establishments in England

Crassispira bataviana Crassispira bataviana is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies. Description Distribution Fossils have been found in Miocene strata in Myanmar; age range: 23.03 to 20.43 Ma References External links E. Vredenburg. 1921. Comparative diagnoses of Pleurotomidae from the Tertiary formations of Burma. Records of the Geological Survey of India 53:83-129 bataviana Category:Gastropods described in 1895

Monika Bravo Monika Bravo (born 1964) is a multi-disciplinary artist born in Bogotá, Colombia, who lives and works in New York City, New York. Her work has been internationally exhibited, including at Stenersen Museum in Oslo; Seoul's International Biennial of New Media Art; Bank of the Republic in Bogotá; New Museum and El Museo del Barrio in New York City and Site Santa Fe. Her work has received acclaim including a 1999 New York Times review which called her piece Synchronicity (from a group exhibition at El Museo del Barrio) a "standout...small, beautifully blurry video images of boats plowing through New York Harbor..." In 1982, Bravo left Bogotá, moving to Rome to study fashion design, which she continued in Paris at Esmod, before traveling to London to study photography. In 1994 she moved to New York where she is currently still based. Career Among Bravo's most well-known artworks is September 10, 2001, Uno Nunca Muere La Vispera dedicated to artist Michael Richards who died in Tower One on the morning of the September 11 attacks. In summer 2001 Bravo was an artist-in-residence in the Lower Manhattan Cultural Council's World Views program. As described in a 2006 book: In 2010, Bravo was one of four winning artists in New York City's "urbancanvas" design competition with her work "Breathing Wall UC". Most recently Bravo Represented the Vatican City in the Pavilion of the Holy See at the 56th International Art Exhibition of the Venice Biennial with her work "ARCHE-TYPES: The sound of the word is beyond sense". With this new work, she continues with her interest in coding/decoding information, the interest in the language of abstraction and an ongoing pursuit to decipher reality by means of perception. She created a parallel between the prologue of the Gospel of John In the Beginning..., (given to her by the curator of the Pavilion, Micol Forti), Malevich’s ideas behind Suprematism* and the definition of Zaum by the avant garde Poet Aleksei Kruchenykh**. Among her most recent exhibitions are Waterweavers curated by José Roca and Alejandro Martín, Art Museum of the Americas, Washington DC 2015, Centro Conde Duque, Madrid 2015 and Bard Graduate Center, New York 2014; Theorem. You Simply Destroy the Image I Always Had of Myself curated by Octavio Zaya, MANA Contemporary, Jersey City NJ 2015; Landscape of Belief (solo), Y Gallery, New York 2015; Affective Architectures, Aluna Art Foundation, Miami FL 2014; URUMU (solo), NC-Arte, Bogotá 2014; Common Ground: Earth, Borusan Contemporary, Istanbul 2014. Public art "Breathing_Wall_UC", installation, City Point, Brooklyn "AN INTERVAL OF TIME_UTA _ COMMISSION", Landmarks Public Art Program, University of Texas at Austin has commissioned a time-based installation for their public art collection "AKA_H2O, A panoramic video installation of flowing water and nature scenes by artist Monika Bravo, is projected across a 60-foot wall creating a visually stimulating ambiance. Selected exhibitions "Urumu" (February 1 - March 29, 2014), NC-arte, Bogotá, Colombia "Monika Bravo: New Work" (September 22, 2013 – May 4, 2014), Montclair Art Museum, Montclair, New Jersey, United States "Solo Projects LABORATORIUM -ARTBO", Y GALLERY, curated by Jose Roca, (Oct. 17 2013, Bogota) "Monika Bravo: Landscape(s) of Belief" (September 6, 2013 – March 15, 2014), Brigham Young University Museum of Art, Provo, Utah, United States "The Storytellers: Narratives in International Contemporary Art" (August 30 - November 4, 2012), Stenersen Museum, Oslo, Norway "Paladar in Third Streaming" (October 24, 2012), Third Streaming, New York City, New York, United States "Tracing the Unseen Border" (April 21 - May 22, 2011), La Mama La Galleria, New York City, New York, United States "'Tawkin' New Yawk City Walls" (2005), Hillwood Estate, Museum & Gardens, Washington, D.C., United States "Frequency + Repetition" (January 13 - February 26, 2005), Bryce Wolkowitz Gallery, New York City, New York, United States "Playing with Time" (September 28, 2002 – January 25, 2003), SITE Santa Fe, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States "A_Maze" (April 26 - May 25, 2002), De Chiara Gallery, New York City, New York, United States "World Views: Open Studio Exhibition" (December 1, 2001 – January 13, 2002), New Museum, New York City, New York, United States "The S-Files" (1999), El Museo del Barrio, New York City, New York, United States Publications Monika Bravo, Gabriel Cure, Juan Luque (ed.), Gabriel Cure Lemaitre La Arquitectura del Detalle, Two Leaves Editions 2012 Ricardo Cisneros, Between Two Worlds, Two Leaves Editions 2011 (Design by Monika Bravo) Stephan Apicella-Hitchcock, Naomi Ben-Shahar, Monika Bravo, Patty Chang, Site Matters: The Lower Manhattan Cultural Council's World Trade Center Artist Residency 1997–2001, LMCC 2004 References Category:Colombian women artists Category:Colombian artists Category:Living people Category:1964 births Category:People from Bogotá

Grus pagei Grus pagei is an extinct crane reported from the upper Pleistocene asphalt deposits of Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California. It is one of three cranes present at Rancho La Brea, the others being the living whooping crane (Grus americana) and sandhill crane (Grus canadensis). It is the smallest of the three cranes, and it had a relatively longer, more slender skull than the living cranes. At least 11 individuals are represented by 42 fossil bones. Described by Kenneth E. Campbell Jr. in 1995, it was named after the philanthropist responsible for the museum at the tar pits, George C. Page. References Category:Grus (genus) Category:Fossil taxa described in 1995 Category:Pleistocene birds Category:Pleistocene birds of North America

Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge The Institute of Astronomy (IoA) is the largest of the three astronomy departments in the University of Cambridge, and one of the largest astronomy sites in the UK. Around 180 academics, postdocs, visitors and assistant staff work at the department. Research at the department is made in a number of scientific areas, including exoplanets, stars, star clusters, cosmology, gravitational-wave astronomy, the high-redshift universe, AGN, galaxies and galaxy clusters. This is a mixture of observational astronomy, over the entire electromagnetic spectrum, computational theoretical astronomy, and analytic theoretical research. The Kavli Institute for Cosmology is also located on the department site. This Institute has an emphasis on The Universe at High Redshifts. The Cavendish Astrophysics Group are based in the Battcock Centre, a building in the same grounds. History The Institute was formed in 1972 from the amalgamation of earlier institutions: The University Observatory, founded in 1823. Its Cambridge Observatory building now houses offices and the department library. The Solar Physics Observatory, which started in Cambridge in 1912. The building was partly demolished in 2008 to make way for the Kavli Institute for Cosmology. The Institute of Theoretical Astronomy, which was created by Fred Hoyle in 1967. Its building is the main departmental site (the Hoyle Building), with a lecture theatre added in 1999, and a second two-storey wing built in 2002. From 1990 to 1998, the Royal Greenwich Observatory was based in Cambridge, where it occupied Greenwich House on a site adjacent to the Institute of Astronomy. Teaching The department teaches 3rd and 4th year undergraduates as part of the Natural Sciences Tripos or Mathematical Tripos. Around 30 students normally study the Masters which consists of a substantial research project (around 1/3 of the Masters) and students have an opportunity to study courses such as General Relativity, Cosmology, Black Holes, Extrasolar Planets, Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics, Structure and Evolution of Stars & Formation of Galaxies. In addition, there are around 12 to 18 graduate PhD students at the department per year, mainly funded by the STFC. The graduate programme is particularly unusual in the UK as the students are free to choose their own PhD supervisor or adviser from the staff at the department, and this choice is often made as late as the end of their first term. Notable current staff A (incomplete) list of notable current members of the department. Cathie Clarke Carolin Crawford Andrew Fabian Paul Hewett Christopher Reynolds (Plumian Professor of Astronomy) George Efstathiou Gerry Gilmore Douglas Gough Richard G. McMahon Max Pettini James E. Pringle Martin Rees Anna Zytkow Notable past members and students Here are some notable members of the Department and its former institutes. Suzanne Aigrain George Airy Robert Stawell Ball James Challis John Couch Adams Donald Clayton Arthur Eddington Richard Ellis Stephen Hawking Fred Hoyle Jamal Nazrul Islam Harold Jeffreys Donald Lynden-Bell Jayant Narlikar Jeremiah Ostriker Robert Woodhouse Telescopes The Institute houses several telescopes on its site. Although some scientific work is done with the telescopes, they are mostly used for public observing and astronomical societies. The poor weather and light-pollution in Cambridge makes most modern astronomy difficult. The telescopes on the site include: The Northumberland Telescope donated by the Duke of Northumberland in 1833. This is a diameter refractor on an English mount. The smaller Thorrowgood Telescope, on extended loan from the Royal Astronomical Society. The telescope is an refractor. The 36-inch Telescope, built in 1951. The Three-Mirror Telescope, which is a prototype telescope with a unique design to have wide field of view, sharp images and all-reflection optics. The Institute's former 24" Schmidt Camera was donated to the Spaceguard Centre in June 2009. The Cambridge University Astronomical Society (CUAS) and Cambridge Astronomical Association (CAA) both regularly observe. The Institute holds public observing evenings on Wednesdays from October to March. Public activities The department holds a number of events involving the general public in astronomy. These include/ have included: Open evenings on Wednesdays during the winter, from October to March, with a talk given by a member of the Institute followed by observing in clear weather Hosting the Astroblast conference Annual sculpture exhibition showing work of Anglia Ruskin University Annual open day during the Cambridge Science Festival A monthly podcast, the 'Astropod', aimed at the general public (last published episode July 2011) Extra observing nights for special events such as IYA Moonwatch and BBC stargazing live Library The Institute library is housed in the old Cambridge Observatory building. It is a specialist library concentrating on the subjects of astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology. The collection has approximately 17,000 books and subscribes to about 80 current journals. The Library also has a collection of rare astronomical books, many of which belonged to John Couch Adams. Achievements Among the significant contributions to astronomy made by the institute, the now decommissioned Automatic Plate Measuring (APM) machine was used to create a major catalogue of astronomical objects in the northern sky. References External links Institute of Astronomy at the University of Cambridge Kavli Institute of Cosmology, Cambridge Images from the Institute of Astronomy Library Category:Astronomy institutes and departments Astronomy, Institute of Category:Research institutes in the United Kingdom Category:Astronomy in the United Kingdom Category:Educational institutions established in 1972

Manitoba Colony, Mexico Manitoba Colony is a large community of German speaking Mennonites mostly north of Ciudad Cuauhtémoc in the state of Chihuahua in Mexico. It was founded in 1922 by Old Colony Mennonites from Manitoba, Canada and consisted originally of 47 villages. It is the largest and oldest Mennonite colony in Mexico. In 1926 the Manitoba settlement consisted of 3,340 persons, in 1949 the number had grown to 7,706, and in 1953 the number was 8,768. In 1987 the total population of the Manitoba was around 12,500 persons and 17,000 in 2006. Adjacent to Manitoba Colony there is Swift Current Colony. Further to the north there are Ojo de la Yegua Colony (Nordkolonie), Santa Rita Colony and Santa Clara Colony. West of Santa Rita Colony there is Los Jagueyes Colony (Quellenkolonie). Altogether these Mennonite colonies stretch over more than 100 km and have some 50,000 Mennonites living in them (2015). References Category:Canadian diaspora in Mexico Category:Mennonitism in Mexico

Geoffrey Patterson Geoffrey Patterson (born 1954) is an American sound engineer. He has been nominated for two Academy Awards in the category Best Sound Mixing. He has worked on more than 60 films since 1985. Selected filmography Leprechaun (1993) Twister (1996) Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2009) References External links Category:1954 births Category:Living people Category:American audio engineers Category:People from Detroit

Bhawanipore F.C. Bhawanipore Club is an Indian football club from Bhowanipore, Kolkata, West Bengal. The club has been established in 1910. It has been accepted into the I-League 2nd Division, the 2nd tier of football in India. History Bhawanipore Football Club was founded in 1910 in Bhowanipore, Kolkata. In January 2012 they were officially certified by the All India Football Federation to participate in the I-League 2nd Division, the second tier of football in India. After playing 6 games during the season Bhawanipore ended in 6th place out of 7 in Group C and thus failed to move to the Final half. Stadium Bhawanipore Football Club currently plays at the 20,000 seater Kalyani Stadium in Kalyani. Fans A club recognised Bhowanipore fan club by the name West Bengal Palace, has been in support since 2019. The Kalyani Stadium Main Stadium has seen an average attendance of 40,000. The players and the coach have often acknowledged the fans' support in the success and called them The 12th Man. Kit manufacturers and shirt sponsors Rivalry South Kolkata Derby Players Current squad Current technical staff Record Key Tms. = Number of teams Pos. = Position in league Attendance/G = Average league attendance Head coach's record updated on 20 January 2020 Honours Leagues I-League 2nd Division (1):Runner-Up 2014-15 (1):3Ed Prize 2013-14 Cup Bordoloi Trophy (1):Winners 2013 External links Club logo References Category:Football clubs in India Category:Association football clubs established in 1910 Category:1910 establishments in India

White Mountain School The White Mountain School, often called White Mountain or WMS, is a co-educational, independent boarding school located in Bethlehem, New Hampshire, USA. Established in 1886 as St. Mary's School in Concord, New Hampshire, the school moved to its current location in 1936, situated just north of the White Mountains of New Hampshire. History The White Mountain School was founded in 1886 as an all-girls Episcopal high school called St. Mary's School in Concord, New Hampshire. In 1935, Dorothy McLane, the school's headmistress, moved the school north into the White Mountains region, to the estate of Ernest Poole in Sugar Hill, New Hampshire; the school was then renamed St. Mary's-in-the-Mountains. One year later in 1936, the school bought the Seven Springs Estate, in Bethlehem, New Hampshire, from Eman and Mary Payne Beck and relocated there for the last time. Over the next 25 years, the Bethlehem campus expanded with the purchase of new dormitories and the construction of new classroom wings. On January 3, 1964, the school's Main Building burned down. The following year, a new Main Building was constructed in its place. Six years later, in 1970, the school began accepting a small number of male day students, and in 1972 the school became co-educational and changed its name to The White Mountain School. Academics The White Mountain School curriculum is structured in a traditional liberal arts model. Each discipline offers a range of courses from introductory-level, Honors, Advanced Placement, to student-designed independent studies. Year-long courses are worth one credit; semester courses are worth ½ credit. To graduate, students must earn 19 academic credits, including a minimum of 4 credits in English, 2 ½ credits in history, 3 credits in mathematics, 3 credits in science, 2 credits in world language, 1 credit in the arts, ½ credit in philosophy and religious studies and ½ credit in sustainability studies. (The White Mountain School was the first high school in the US to add Sustainability Studies as an academic department.) In addition, students must complete two Field Courses per year and a LASR Project. The White Mountain School Field Course is a week-long, academic exploration of a specific topic that occurs within an appropriate geographic setting. They occur in October and March for five days in length. Recent courses have included Poverty, Homelessness and Hunger (Portland, Maine), Adirondack Art and Adventure (New York), Island Culture and Ecology (Acadia National Park, Maine), Avalanche Forecasting (Wyoming & Idaho), A Walk in Thoreau's Shoes (Massachusetts), Gender & Politics: Women's Rights in the US (Washington, DC), Desert Ecology of the Southwest (Tucson, Arizona), Community Service Odyssesy (Dominican Republic), Writing for Performance: Exploration of Performing Arts (New Hampshire), Buddhism (The Vermont Zen Center, Shelburne, Vermont), Green Living in the Urban World: Sustainability & Service (Montreal), Carving Up Equations to Carve the Slopes: The Math of Ski and Snowboard Design (Vermont & New Hampshire). "LASR" in the White Mountain School LASR Project stands for the general categories that students can pursue: Leadership, Arts, Service and Research. Students choose from several approaches to completing the project, including (but not limited to) the following courses: Research Seminar, Art Portfolio, Independent Study, Senior Project, and Field Course Leadership. Faculty and advisors Every student has a faculty advisor who communicates with parents throughout the year and they serve as a primary liaison between student, family, and teacher. 67% of the faculty hold advanced degrees as well as a variety of additional certifications. College matriculation Recent WMS graduates have attended colleges and universities that include American University, Boston University, Colby College, Connecticut College, Davidson College, Drexel University, Duke University, Mount Holyoke College, New York University, Tufts University, the University of Michigan, the University of New Hampshire, and Wesleyan University. Student body The White Mountain School enrolls 123 students from around the country and the world, 49% male and 51% female. 76% of the student population boards and 24% are day students from surrounding towns. Campus The school's campus is located between the towns of Bethlehem and Littleton, New Hampshire on a hilltop providing views of the White Mountains. The McLane Academic Center houses the classroom wing, multimedia center and learning labs. The school library offers more than 7,000 volumes, an online catalog, several online databases, and an inter-library loan system with Dartmouth College and the University of New Hampshire. The Fred Steele Science Center is equipped with SMART Board interactive technology and state-of-the-art labs which allow for a wide range of independent projects. The new Catherine Houghton Arts Center houses dance, visual arts, and music studios. The school partners with Creative Edge Dance Studio to offer academic courses as well as technique and performance-based classes for students of all dance styles and levels. Students have access to these spaces and the practice studios and recording lab outside of class. The indoor Beverly S. Buder climbing wall is located inside an indoor sports center outfitted with Nautilus equipment, free weights and aerobic equipment. The campus also has two athletic fields, an extensive trail system, and a school farm, including a student-built post and beam shed; a chicken coop with hens; an organic vegetable and fruit garden; and composting bins. The student center is located in McLane. Boarding students live in one of four dorms with their peers, faculty members and faculty families. Each dorm has common space with couches, a TV and a microwave. The dining hall serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner, and is available for drinks and light snacks all day. On weekends, faculty offer a range of activities for students. Activities include outdoor outings such as moonlight hikes, ski trips or mountain bike riding; shopping trips to outlet centers, Burlington, or the local towns; art excursions to movies, plays, and art exhibits; campus sponsored cultural events, cookie baking in faculty kitchens and games. Arts and athletics Students participate in afternoon activities each season of the year and can choose from a variety of recreational and interscholastic sports. Fall Cross-country Dance Farm and Forest Mountain Biking Rock Climbing Boys Soccer Girls Soccer Sport Climbing Theater Winter Backcountry Ski and Snowboard Boys Basketball Girls Basketball Community Service Dance Digital Art and Design Freestyle Skiing Ice Climbing Nordic Skiing Recreational Ski and Snowboard Snowboard Team Sport Climbing Theater Yoga Spring Cycling Dance Farm and Forest Hiking and Fitness Boys Lacrosse Girls Lacrosse Rock Climbing Sport Climbing Whitewater Kayaking The White Mountain School's rock climbing program was the first high school program to earn accreditation from the American Mountain Guides Association (AMGA). The sport climbing program partners with USA Climbing to provide multiple opportunities for competition. Students who choose to pursue outdoor sports learn the technical aspects of climbing and explore topics as minimum-impact travel, first aid, navigation, orienteering, trip planning, and natural history. Extracurricular opportunities Extracurricular opportunities vary from year to year, depending upon the interests of the student body. Current clubs include a cappella, art club, astronomy club, chess club, Citizenship Committee, diversity club, electronics club, National Honor Society, photography club, robotics club, Social Committee, Spectrum Alliance, step club, Student Council, sustainability club and frisbee club. The yearbook, “The Pendulum,” is designed and produced by students, as well as "Ink and Paper," the student-published literary and arts magazine. Students interested in the performing arts perform in a cappella, dance and theater productions, and informal coffee houses. With a focus on international song and dance, the school brings professional performers and artists to campus for community dinners. Students have opportunities to participate in community service at local events on the weekend as well as through trips within the U.S. and abroad e.g. Dominican Republic and Nicaragua. In addition, community service is offered as a winter sports option. All students, teachers and administrators participate in on-campus service through the Work Jobs Program. Duties include kitchen crew, recycling, or helping in the library. In addition to their campus jobs, all boarding students have rotating job assignments in their dormitories. Costs and financial aid Tuition, room and board for 2016-2017 is $57,900. Day student tuition is $29,000. Learning Center tutorials and the ESL Program have additional fees. 40% of students receive financial aid, with an average award of $40,000. Eligibility is based on need as established by School and Student Services (SSS) by National Association of Independent Schools. Notable alumni Rosalie Colie '41, first woman department chair at Brown University, Professor of Comparative Literature, Guggenheim Fellow in 1958 and 1966 Lucile Wheeler '52, Olympic skier, first North American to win a world title in the downhill event Audrey Thomas '53, novelist and short story writer, three time recipient of the Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize Ellen Waterston '64, author and founder of Writing Ranch Bret Arsenault '80, Vice President and Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) at Microsoft Corporation Caroline Cheng '81, artist and director of the Pottery Workshop Will Gadd '85, renowned ice climber and paraglider pilot Parker Croft '05, film actor and screenwriter, known for Falling Overnight and Once Upon a Time (TV series) External links The White Mountain School References Category:Educational institutions established in 1886 Category:Preparatory schools in New Hampshire Category:Private high schools in New Hampshire Category:Schools in Grafton County, New Hampshire Category:Boarding schools in New Hampshire Category:Bethlehem, New Hampshire

Kuatun keelback The Kuatun keelback (Hebius craspedogaster) is a species of snake of the family Colubridae. Geographic range The snake is found in China and Vietnam. References Category:Reptiles described in 1899 Category:Reptiles of China Category:Reptiles of Vietnam craspedogaster Category:Snakes of China Category:Snakes of Vietnam Category:Snakes of Asia

Missing Person (novel) Missing Person (French: Rue des Boutiques Obscures) is the sixth novel by French writer Patrick Modiano, published on 5 September 1978. In the same year it was awarded the Prix Goncourt. The English translation by Daniel Weissbort was published in 1980. Rue des Boutiques Obscures (literally 'the Street of dark shops') is the name of a street in Rome (La Via delle Botteghe Oscure) where one of the characters lived, and where Modiano himself lived for some time. On 9 October 2014, Patrick Modiano was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Plot summary Guy Roland is an amnesiac detective who lost his memory ten years before the beginning of the story, which opens in 1965. When his employer, Hutte, retires and closes the detective agency where he has worked for eight years, Roland embarks on a search for his own identity. His investigations uncover clues to a life that seems to stop during the Second World War. It seems that he is Jimmy Pedro Stern, a Greek Jew from Salonica, who was living in Paris under an assumed name, Pedro McEvoy, and working for the legation of the Dominican Republic. He and several friends (Denise Coudreuse, a French model who shares his life; Freddie Howard Luz, a British citizen originally from Mauritius; Gay Orlov, an American dancer of Russian origin; and André Wildmer, an English former jockey, all of whom are enemy nationals) went to Megève to escape a Paris that had become dangerous for them during the German occupation. Denise and Pedro attempted to flee to Switzerland, and paid a smuggler who abandoned them in the mountains, separating them and leaving them lost in the snow. Having partially recovered his memory, Guy Roland goes to look for Freddie, who went to live in Polynesia after the war. When he arrives in Bora Bora, he learns that Freddie has disappeared, either lost at sea or by choice. At the end of the novel he is about to follow the last clue that remains to his past: an address in the Via della Botteghe Obscure in Rome, where Jimmy Pedro Stern is recorded as having lived in the 1930s. Characters Guy Roland - The story's protagonist. He lost his memory during the war. He works as a private detective and tries to recover his past throughout the novel. Constantin van Hutte - The head of the detective agency who gives Guy his new identity. He retires to Nice early in the story. Paul Sonachidtze - Guy's starting point on his journey. Jean Heurteur - A restaurateur and friend of Sonachidze's. Mr. Styoppa de Dzhagorev - A Russian immigrant. Gay Orlov - Another Russian immigrant. Died of a drug overdose. Waldo Blunt - The pianist husband of Gay Orlov. Claude Howard de Luz - Cousin of Freddie Howard de Luz. Freddie (Alfred Jean) Howard de Luz - friend of Pedro. A confidant of John Gilbert. Second husband of Gay Orlov. Robert - Groundskeeper of the Howard de Luz estate. Denise Coudreuse - French model and the protagonist's girlfriend during the war. Editions Rue des boutiques obscures, « Blanche » collection, Gallimard, 1978, () Rue des boutiques obscures, « Folio » collection, Gallimard (nº 1358), 1982, () Missing Person, translated by Daniel Weissbort, Jonathan Cape, 1980 (); David R. Godine, 2004 () Rue des boutiques obscures, « Folio » collection, Gallimard, 2014, () References Category:1978 French novels Category:French crime novels Category:Detective novels Category:Novels set in Paris Category:Prix Goncourt winning works

Nuclear medicine Nuclear medicine is a medical specialty involving the application of radioactive substances in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Nuclear medicine imaging, in a sense, is "radiology done inside out" or "endoradiology" because it records radiation emitting from within the body rather than radiation that is generated by external sources like X-rays. In addition, nuclear medicine scans differ from radiology as the emphasis is not on imaging anatomy but the function and for such reason, it is called a physiological imaging modality. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans are the two most common imaging modalities in nuclear medicine. Diagnostic medical imaging Diagnostic In nuclear medicine imaging, radiopharmaceuticals are taken internally, for example, intravenously or orally. Then, external detectors (gamma cameras) capture and form images from the radiation emitted by the radiopharmaceuticals. This process is unlike a diagnostic X-ray, where external radiation is passed through the body to form an image. There are several techniques of diagnostic nuclear medicine. 2D: Scintigraphy ("scint") is the use of internal radionuclides to create two-dimensional images. 3D: SPECT is a 3D tomographic technique that uses gamma camera data from many projections and can be reconstructed in different planes. Positron emission tomography (PET) uses coincidence detection to image functional processes. Nuclear medicine tests differ from most other imaging modalities in that diagnostic tests primarily show the physiological function of the system being investigated as opposed to traditional anatomical imaging such as CT or MRI. Nuclear medicine imaging studies are generally more organ-, tissue- or disease-specific (e.g.: lungs scan, heart scan, bone scan, brain scan, tumor, infection, Parkinson etc.) than those in conventional radiology imaging, which focus on a particular section of the body (e.g.: chest X-ray, abdomen/pelvis CT scan, head CT scan, etc.). In addition, there are nuclear medicine studies that allow imaging of the whole body based on certain cellular receptors or functions. Examples are whole body PET scans or PET/CT scans, gallium scans, indium white blood cell scans, MIBG and octreotide scans. While the ability of nuclear metabolism to image disease processes from differences in metabolism is unsurpassed, it is not unique. Certain techniques such as fMRI image tissues (particularly cerebral tissues) by blood flow and thus show metabolism. Also, contrast-enhancement techniques in both CT and MRI show regions of tissue that are handling pharmaceuticals differently, due to an inflammatory process. Diagnostic tests in nuclear medicine exploit the way that the body handles substances differently when there is disease or pathology present. The radionuclide introduced into the body is often chemically bound to a complex that acts characteristically within the body; this is commonly known as a tracer. In the presence of disease, a tracer will often be distributed around the body and/or processed differently. For example, the ligand methylene-diphosphonate (MDP) can be preferentially taken up by bone. By chemically attaching technetium-99m to MDP, radioactivity can be transported and attached to bone via the hydroxyapatite for imaging. Any increased physiological function, such as due to a fracture in the bone, will usually mean increased concentration of the tracer. This often results in the appearance of a "hot spot", which is a focal increase in radio accumulation or a general increase in radio accumulation throughout the physiological system. Some disease processes result in the exclusion of a tracer, resulting in the appearance of a "cold spot". Many tracer complexes have been developed to image or treat many different organs, glands, and physiological processes. Hybrid scanning techniques In some centers, the nuclear medicine scans can be superimposed, using software or hybrid cameras, on images from modalities such as CT or MRI to highlight the part of the body in which the radiopharmaceutical is concentrated. This practice is often referred to as image fusion or co-registration, for example SPECT/CT and PET/CT. The fusion imaging technique in nuclear medicine provides information about the anatomy and function, which would otherwise be unavailable or would require a more invasive procedure or surgery. Practical concerns in nuclear imaging Although the risks of low-level radiation exposures are not well understood, a cautious approach has been universally adopted that all human radiation exposures should be kept As Low As Reasonably Practicable, "ALARP". (Originally, this was known as "As Low As Reasonably Achievable" (ALARA), but this has changed in modern draftings of the legislation to add more emphasis on the "Reasonably" and less on the "Achievable".) Working with the ALARP principle, before a patient is exposed for a nuclear medicine examination, the benefit of the examination must be identified. This needs to take into account the particular circumstances of the patient in question, where appropriate. For instance, if a patient is unlikely to be able to tolerate a sufficient amount of the procedure to achieve a diagnosis, then it would be inappropriate to proceed with injecting the patient with the radioactive tracer. When the benefit does justify the procedure, then the radiation exposure (the amount of radiation given to the patient) should also be kept as low as reasonably practicable. This means that the images produced in nuclear medicine should never be better than required for confident diagnosis. Giving larger radiation exposures can reduce the noise in an image and make it more photographically appealing, but if the clinical question can be answered without this level of detail, then this is inappropriate. As a result, the radiation dose from nuclear medicine imaging varies greatly depending on the type of study. The effective radiation dose can be lower than or comparable to or can far exceed the general day-to-day environmental annual background radiation dose. Likewise, it can also be less than, in the range of, or higher than the radiation dose from an abdomen/pelvis CT scan. Some nuclear medicine procedures require special patient preparation before the study to obtain the most accurate result. Pre-imaging preparations may include dietary preparation or the withholding of certain medications. Patients are encouraged to consult with the nuclear medicine department prior to a scan. Analysis The end result of the nuclear medicine imaging process is a "dataset" comprising one or more images. In multi-image datasets the array of images may represent a time sequence (i.e. cine or movie) often called a "dynamic" dataset, a cardiac gated time sequence, or a spatial sequence where the gamma-camera is moved relative to the patient. SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) is the process by which images acquired from a rotating gamma-camera are reconstructed to produce an image of a "slice" through the patient at a particular position. A collection of parallel slices form a slice-stack, a three-dimensional representation of the distribution of radionuclide in the patient. The nuclear medicine computer may require millions of lines of source code to provide quantitative analysis packages for each of the specific imaging techniques available in nuclear medicine. Time sequences can be further analysed using kinetic models such as multi-compartment models or a Patlak plot. Interventional nuclear medicine Radionuclide therapy can be used to treat conditions such as hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer, and blood disorders. In nuclear medicine therapy, the radiation treatment dose is administered internally (e.g. intravenous or oral routes) rather than from an external radiation source. The radiopharmaceuticals used in nuclear medicine therapy emit ionizing radiation that travels only a short distance, thereby minimizing unwanted side effects and damage to noninvolved organs or nearby structures. Most nuclear medicine therapies can be performed as outpatient procedures since there are few side effects from the treatment and the radiation exposure to the general public can be kept within a safe limit. Common nuclear medicine (unsealed source) therapies In some centers the nuclear medicine department may also use implanted capsules of isotopes (brachytherapy) to treat cancer. Commonly used radiation sources (radionuclides) for brachytherapy History The history of nuclear medicine contains contributions from scientists across different disciplines in physics, chemistry, engineering, and medicine. The multidisciplinary nature of nuclear medicine makes it difficult for medical historians to determine the birthdate of nuclear medicine. This can probably be best placed between the discovery of artificial radioactivity in 1934 and the production of radionuclides by Oak Ridge National Laboratory for medicine related use, in 1946. The origins of this medical idea date back as far as the mid-1920s in Freiburg, Germany, when George de Hevesy made experiments with radionuclides administered to rats, thus displaying metabolic pathways of these substances and establishing the tracer principle. Possibly, the genesis of this medical field took place in 1936, when John Lawrence, known as "the father of nuclear medicine", took a leave of absence from his faculty position at Yale Medical School, to visit his brother Ernest Lawrence at his new radiation laboratory (now known as the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) in Berkeley, California. Later on, John Lawrence made the first application in patients of an artificial radionuclide when he used phosphorus-32 to treat leukemia. Many historians consider the discovery of artificially produced radionuclides by Frédéric Joliot-Curie and Irène Joliot-Curie in 1934 as the most significant milestone in nuclear medicine. In February 1934, they reported the first artificial production of radioactive material in the journal Nature, after discovering radioactivity in aluminum foil that was irradiated with a polonium preparation. Their work built upon earlier discoveries by Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen for X-ray, Henri Becquerel for radioactive uranium salts, and Marie Curie (mother of Irène Curie) for radioactive thorium, polonium and coining the term "radioactivity." Taro Takemi studied the application of nuclear physics to medicine in the 1930s. The history of nuclear medicine will not be complete without mentioning these early pioneers. Nuclear medicine gained public recognition as a potential specialty when on May 11,1946 an article in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) by Massachusetts General Hospital's Dr. Saul Hertz and Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Dr.Arthur Roberts, described the successful use of treating Graves' Disease with radioactive iodine (RAI) was published. Additionally, Sam Seidlin. brought further development in the field describing a successful treatment of a patient with thyroid cancer metastases using radioiodine (I-131). These articles are considered by many historians as the most important articles ever published in nuclear medicine. Although the earliest use of I-131 was devoted to therapy of thyroid cancer, its use was later expanded to include imaging of the thyroid gland, quantification of the thyroid function, and therapy for hyperthyroidism. Among the many radionuclides that were discovered for medical-use, none were as important as the discovery and development of Technetium-99m. It was first discovered in 1937 by C. Perrier and E. Segre as an artificial element to fill space number 43 in the Periodic Table. The development of a generator system to produce Technetium-99m in the 1960s became a practical method for medical use. Today, Technetium-99m is the most utilized element in nuclear medicine and is employed in a wide variety of nuclear medicine imaging studies. Widespread clinical use of nuclear medicine began in the early 1950s, as knowledge expanded about radionuclides, detection of radioactivity, and using certain radionuclides to trace biochemical processes. Pioneering works by Benedict Cassen in developing the first rectilinear scanner and Hal O. Anger's scintillation camera (Anger camera) broadened the young discipline of nuclear medicine into a full-fledged medical imaging specialty. By the early 1960s, in southern Scandinavia, Niels A. Lassen, David H. Ingvar, and Erik Skinhøj developed techniques that provided the first blood flow maps of the brain, which initially involved xenon-133 inhalation; an intra-arterial equivalent was developed soon after, enabling measurement of the local distribution of cerebral activity for patients with neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Later versions would have 254 scintillators so a two-dimensional image could be produced on a color monitor. It allowed them to construct images reflecting brain activation from speaking, reading, visual or auditory perception and voluntary movement. The technique was also used to investigate, e.g., imagined sequential movements, mental calculation and mental spatial navigation. By the 1970s most organs of the body could be visualized using nuclear medicine procedures. In 1971, American Medical Association officially recognized nuclear medicine as a medical specialty. In 1972, the American Board of Nuclear Medicine was established, and in 1974, the American Osteopathic Board of Nuclear Medicine was established, cementing nuclear medicine as a stand-alone medical specialty. In the 1980s, radiopharmaceuticals were designed for use in diagnosis of heart disease. The development of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), around the same time, led to three-dimensional reconstruction of the heart and establishment of the field of nuclear cardiology. More recent developments in nuclear medicine include the invention of the first positron emission tomography scanner (PET). The concept of emission and transmission tomography, later developed into single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), was introduced by David E. Kuhl and Roy Edwards in the late 1950s. Their work led to the design and construction of several tomographic instruments at the University of Pennsylvania. Tomographic imaging techniques were further developed at the Washington University School of Medicine. These innovations led to fusion imaging with SPECT and CT by Bruce Hasegawa from University of California San Francisco (UCSF), and the first PET/CT prototype by D. W. Townsend from University of Pittsburgh in 1998. PET and PET/CT imaging experienced slower growth in its early years owing to the cost of the modality and the requirement for an on-site or nearby cyclotron. However, an administrative decision to approve medical reimbursement of limited PET and PET/CT applications in oncology has led to phenomenal growth and widespread acceptance over the last few years, which also was facilitated by establishing 18F-labelled tracers for standard procedures, allowing work at non-cyclotron-equipped sites. PET/CT imaging is now an integral part of oncology for diagnosis, staging and treatment monitoring. A fully integrated MRI/PET scanner is on the market from early 2011. Sources of radionuclides 99mTc is normally supplied to hospitals through a radionuclide generator containing the parent radionuclide molybdenum-99. 99Mo is typically obtained as a fission product of 235U in nuclear reactors, however global supply shortages have lead to the exploration of other methods of production. About a third of the world's supply, and most of Europe's supply, of medical isotopes is produced at the Petten nuclear reactor in the Netherlands. Another third of the world's supply, and most of North America's supply, was produced at the Chalk River Laboratories in Chalk River, Ontario, Canada until its permanent shutdown in 2018. The most commonly used radioisotope in PET 18F, is not produced in any nuclear reactor, but rather in a circular accelerator called a cyclotron. The cyclotron is used to accelerate protons to bombard the stable heavy isotope of oxygen 18O. The 18O constitutes about 0.20% of ordinary oxygen (mostly O-16), from which it is extracted. The F-18 is then typically used to make FDG. A typical nuclear medicine study involves administration of a radionuclide into the body by intravenous injection in liquid or aggregate form, ingestion while combined with food, inhalation as a gas or aerosol, or rarely, injection of a radionuclide that has undergone micro-encapsulation. Some studies require the labeling of a patient's own blood cells with a radionuclide (leukocyte scintigraphy and red blood cell scintigraphy). Most diagnostic radionuclides emit gamma rays either directly from their decay or indirectly through electron-positron annihilation, while the cell-damaging properties of beta particles are used in therapeutic applications. Refined radionuclides for use in nuclear medicine are derived from fission or fusion processes in nuclear reactors, which produce radionuclides with longer half-lives, or cyclotrons, which produce radionuclides with shorter half-lives, or take advantage of natural decay processes in dedicated generators, i.e. molybdenum/technetium or strontium/rubidium. The most commonly used intravenous radionuclides are Technetium-99m (technetium-99m), Iodine-123 and 131, Thallium-201, Gallium-67, Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose, and Indium-111 Labeled Leukocytes. The most commonly used gaseous/aerosol radionuclides are xenon-133, krypton-81m, (aerosolised) technetium-99m. Radiation dose A patient undergoing a nuclear medicine procedure will receive a radiation dose. Under present international guidelines it is assumed that any radiation dose, however small, presents a risk. The radiation dose delivered to a patient in a nuclear medicine investigation, though unproven, is generally accepted to present a very small risk of inducing cancer. In this respect it is similar to the risk from X-ray investigations except that the dose is delivered internally rather than from an external source such as an X-ray machine, and dosage amounts are typically significantly higher than those of X-rays. The radiation dose from a nuclear medicine investigation is expressed as an effective dose with units of sieverts (usually given in millisieverts, mSv). The effective dose resulting from an investigation is influenced by the amount of radioactivity administered in megabecquerels (MBq), the physical properties of the radiopharmaceutical used, its distribution in the body and its rate of clearance from the body. Effective doses can range from 6 μSv (0.006 mSv) for a 3 MBq chromium-51 EDTA measurement of glomerular filtration rate to 37 mSv (37,000 μSv) for a 150 MBq thallium-201 non-specific tumour imaging procedure. The common bone scan with 600 MBq of technetium-99m-MDP has an effective dose of approximately 3.5 mSv (3,500 μSv) (1). Formerly, units of measurement were the curie (Ci), being 3.7E10 Bq, and also 1.0 grams of Radium (Ra-226); the rad (radiation absorbed dose), now replaced by the gray; and the rem (Röntgen equivalent man), now replaced with the sievert. The rad and rem are essentially equivalent for almost all nuclear medicine procedures, and only alpha radiation will produce a higher Rem or Sv value, due to its much higher Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE). Alpha emitters are nowadays rarely used in nuclear medicine, but were used extensively before the advent of nuclear reactor and accelerator produced radionuclides. The concepts involved in radiation exposure to humans are covered by the field of Health Physics; the development and practice of safe and effective nuclear medicinal techniques is a key focus of Medical Physics. See also Human subject research List of Nuclear Medicine Societies Nuclear medicine physician Radiographer References Further reading External links Solving the Medical Isotope Crisis Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, First Session, September 9, 2009 Category:Radiology Category:Medicinal radiochemistry

ISO/IEC 9995 ISO/IEC 9995 Information technology — Keyboard layouts for text and office systems is an ISO standard series defining layout principles for computer keyboards. It does not define specific layouts but provides the base for national and industry standards which define such layouts. The project of this standard was adopted at ISO in Berlin in 1985 under the proposition of Dr Yves Neuville. The ISO/IEC 9995 standard series dates to 1994 and has undergone several updates over the years. Parts The ISO/IEC 9995 standard series currently (as of September 2015) consists of the following parts: ISO/IEC 9995-1:2009 General principles governing keyboard layouts ISO/IEC 9995-2:2009 Alphanumeric section with Amendment 1 (2012) Numeric keypad emulation ISO/IEC 9995-3:2010 Complementary layouts of the alphanumeric zone of the alphanumeric section ISO/IEC 9995-4:2009 Numeric section ISO/IEC 9995-5:2009 Editing and function section ISO/IEC 9995-7:2009 Symbols used to represent functions with Amendment 1 (2012) ISO/IEC 9995-8:2009 Allocation of letters to the keys of a numeric keypad ISO/IEC 9995-9:2016 Multilingual-usage, multiscript keyboard group layouts ISO/IEC 9995-10:2013 Conventional symbols and methods to represent graphic characters not uniquely recognizable by their glyph on keyboards and in documentation ISO/IEC 9995-11:2015 Functionality of dead keys and repertoires of characters entered by dead keys (ISO 9995-6:2006 Function section was withdrawn 2009-10-08.) ISO/IEC 9995-1 ISO/IEC 9995-1 provides a fundamental description of keyboards suitable for text and office systems, and defines several terms which are used throughout the ISO/IEC 9995 standard series. Physical division and reference grid The figure shows the division of a keyboard into sections, which are subdivided into zones. alphanumeric section alphanumeric zone (indicated by green coloring) function zones (indicated by blue coloring) numeric section numeric zone (indicated by darker red coloring) function zone (indicated by lighter red coloring) editing and function section (in fact covering all parts of the keyboard which do not belong to the alphanumeric or numeric section) cursor key zone (indicated by darker grey coloring) editing function zone (indicated by lighter grey coloring) The presence of a numeric section is not required by the standard. Also, the standard does not prevent a numeric section to be placed left of the alphanumeric section. By means of the reference grid, each key can be identified by a unique combination of a letter (indicating the row) and a sequence of two digits (indicating the column). E.g., the key containing the digit one on several layouts is identified as “Key E01”. The labeling rules do allow for function keys to be arranged other than above of the alphanumeric section, or to be arranged in more than one row (thus, e.g. an AT keyboard is compliant to the standard): Columns containing editing or function keys are to be numbered from 60 on when placed beyond a right numeric section, or from 80 downwards when placed left of the alphanumeric section. Rows above of the alphanumeric section are to be labeled from K on, and rows below the space key are to be labeled from Z downwards. The grid may be angled (as shown in the figure within the alphanumeric section), or squared (thus, keyboards where the alphanumeric keys are ordered in pure vertical columns are compliant to the standard). The standard does not constrain the numbers of rows and columns in the alphanumeric section. Levels and groups The selection of level and group during the input of a character (e.g. by means of a shift key, an AltGr key, or a group selection key or key sequence) is specified in ISO/IEC 9995-2. Levels (“unshifted” “shifted”, “AltGr”) The characters which can be input by the keys in the alphanumeric section usually are organized in levels. For two-cased scripts like Latin, the basic level (“Level 1”) contains lower-case letters, while the “Level 2” contains capital letters (therefore, these levels are usually called “unshifted” and “shifted”). For characters which are not letters (like punctuation marks), no rules are given regarding their distribution among the levels. While digits are commonly in Level 1, there are exceptions (e.g. the French keyboard layout). The standard allows for a third level (but not for more than three levels). Usually (but not mandatory by the standard), characters in such a level are selected by the means of an AltGr key. Groups If the organization into three levels is not sufficient to accommodate all characters to be contained in a specific layout, then “groups” may be defined which then constitute a higher hierarchical unit than levels. Thus, each such group usually is subdivided into (up to three) levels. Common examples are layouts allowing the input of characters of different scripts, like e.g. the Japanese keyboard layout (where the kana constitute the second group). Other examples are recent standardizations which allow the input of considerably more characters than their preceding editions (to overcome the historic limits of mechanical typewriters), like the Canadian Québec layout or the recently (2012) standardized German T2 layout. “Group selectors” are defined in ISO/IEC 9995-2. On the US-International layout, the group selector for the second group is the AltGr key; on some others the simultaneously pressed Shift and AltGr keys. (At some time in the past, the two groups were sometimes called third level and fourth level contrary to the terminology defined in ISO/IEC 9995.) Depictions on the keytops According to ISO/IEC 9995-1, the level is indicated by the row where the character is depicted on the keytop: Level 2 (“shifted”) above of Level 1 (“unshifted”) Level 3 (“AltGr”) below Level 1 (“unshifted”). The group is indicated by the column on the keytop: The first or “primary group” at the left keytop border The second or “secondary group” at the right keytop border Additional groups (if existing) in between. When letters on a case pair are associated with a key, only the capital character need to be shown on the keytop for the primary group, while the lowercase character only is shown for the secondary group. Thus, on the depicted key of the German T2 layout, in the primary group are the characters “#” in Level 1 (unshifted), “'” in Level 2 (shifted), and “®” in Level 3 (accessed by the AltGr key). In the secondary group, there is the lowercase letter “ə” in Level 1 (unshifted) and its capital counterpart “Ə” in Level 2 (shifted). For layouts containing only one group, characters in Level 3 may be depicted in the lower right corner of a keytop, to allow larger depictions for ergonomic reasons. For instance, on the depicted key of the German T1 layout, the “\” is in Level 3 (of the only defined group), to be accessed by the AltGr key. Special issues ISO/IEC 9995-2 ISO/IEC 9995-2 specifies requirements for the keys contained in the alphanumeric section (see the description of ISO/IEC 9995-1 above). The alphanumeric zone (being a part of the alphanumeric section) has to contain 47 or more keys used to input characters, including the Space bar which has to be placed in the lowest row (row A according to the reference grid specified in ISO/IEC 9995-1). Also, there must be: at least 12 keys in row E (the upmost row) in positions E00 to E15, containing all keys to input the decimal digits, at least 12 keys in row D in positions D01 to D15, at least 11 keys in row C in positions C01 to C15, at least 10 keys in row B in positions B00 to B11. The space bar has to expand at least over the positions A03 to A07. This implies that Japanese keyboards containing muhenkan, henkan, and the Katakana/Hiragana switch keys (the first one left, the other two right of the space bar) are not compliant to the standard if taken literally. This, however, is considered neglectable as the space bar has less importance in Japanese writing than in Latin or similar ones, as Japanese words usually are not separated by spaces. Layouts which are designed for the Latin script must contain at least the 26 basic letters A…Z and a…z, the decimal digits 0…9, and the following characters contained in ISO 646: ! " % & ' * ( ) + , - . / : ; < = > ? _ and space. Alphanumeric section of a keyboard, showing several details specified in ISO/IEC 9995-2:2009 (including the possibilities of numeric keypad emulation specified in amendment 1 of 2012) The keys shown grey in the figure, all being function keys, constitute the left and right function zones, while all other keys constitute the alphanumeric zone. The reference grid position of any function key may vary according to the specifications listed below. Especially, on a keyboard with considerably more than 47 keys in the alphanumeric zone, the right function keys will get higher column numbers. The symbols shown for the function keys are specified in ISO/IEC 9995-7. Letterings which are commonly used instead of the symbols are shown in their English version in parentheses. The harmonized 48 graphic key keyboard arrangement Keyboards which comply to this narrower specification contain all the keys shown in white in the figure above, the key at C12 shown in yellow, and one of the two keys at E13 and B00 shown in red. The standard does not require this; it only says that keyboards complying to this narrower specification can be called such. A key at E00 is not required, but when it is present on the keyboard, the positions E13 and B00 (shown in red) may have no key (e. g. the US layout with the Backspace or Delete key at E14 enlarged to E13 and the left Shift key at B99 enlarged to B00); but most international layouts having a key at E00 also have at least one key on E13 (with a narrow Backspace or Delete key on row E at E14, but a left Shift key at B99 enlarged to B00) or B00 (with a narrow left Shift key at B99, but a Backspace or Delete key at E14 enlarged to E13). Key at E00 may also be used to allocate a function key (notably the Escape key on compact keyboards), in which case a key will generally be present at E13 (on compact US layout), or B00, or both (on compact international layouts). Finally the key at E00 may also be used to place the digit 0 at start of the row instead of the more common location at E10, in which case there two positions E13 and B00 may be used to enlarge both the Backspace or Delete key at E14 to E13 and the left Shift Key at B99 to B00). In fact, several layouts (e. g. the US layout), to allow a wider return key, have a key at D13 (shown in green) instead of C12 (shown in yellow). Thus, while they cannot be called “harmonized 48 graphic key keyboards” according to the standard, they still comply to the standard itself. ISO/IEC 9995-3:2010, in referring to the basic layout within its specific scope, does take a possible substitution of C12 by D13 into account. Function keys A tabulation key shall be present, occupying position D00 (i. e., the key may be wider, spanning over additional positions like D99 left of D00). A key providing one of the functions Capitals lock (usually called “Caps Lock”), Level 2 lock (i. e. “Shift lock”), or Generalized lock shall be present, occupying the position C00. (The function “Generalized lock” is not specified in the ISO/IEC 9995 series). The specific way the Caps Lock or Shift Lock works (i. e. swapping the lock state by hitting the key, as it is usually implemented) is not specified in the ISO/IEC 9995 series. Thus, solutions avoiding the status dependency as well as the problem of inadvertent hitting (e.g., the lock key pressed together with Shift turns Shift lock on, together with AltGr turns Caps Lock on, pressed alone switches off any lock status but has no effect when no lock status is activated) would not prevent compliance to the standard. A Return key has to be present, right of the character input keys in row C. It is recommended that it expands to row D (thus spanning over position D13 when located on position C13 as shown in the figure), as it e. g. does on the German layout. A key providing one of the functions Backspace or Backward erase shall be present in row A or (as it is more common) Row E, right of the character input keys. If at least one Alternate key (commonly called “Alt key”) is present, it is to be positioned left of the space bar (or, if a function key specific to the writing system supported by the keyboard layout is there, left of that key). If at least one Control key (commonly abbreviated “Ctrl”) is present, it has to be placed leftmost in row A (as it is more common), or row B. If a Function key (commonly abbreviated “Fn”) is present, it is to be positioned left the space bar and left of an “Alternate” key, if such one is present. (It is allowed but explicitly not recommended to place the “Function” key left of the “Control” key.) Level and group selection To select the Level 2 (commonly called “shifted”, see the subsection “Levels and Groups” of the section “ISO/IEC 9995-1” above), two keys shall be present in row B (commonly called Shift keys). The left one shall occupy position B99, while the right one shall be located right of the character input keys of that row. The exact function of these keys (commonly pressing them together with the affected character input key) is not specified in the standard. Thus, solutions where the shift key is pressed, then released before the character input key is pressed, are compliant with the standard. To select the Level 3 (if this is present on a layout), at least one Level 3 select key (frequently marked AltGr) shall be present. On keyboards compliant to the “harmonized 48 graphic key keyboard arrangement” (see above), such keys shall be placed in row A or row B. Like for the shift keys, the exact function of these keys (commonly pressing them together with the affected character input key) is not specified in the standard. For layouts containing more than one group, several mechanisms for group selection are specified. A dedicated Group selection key (marked by according to ISO/IEC 9995-7), if present, shall be positioned adjacent to a “Level 3 select” (AltGr) key. For layouts containing a “Group 2” as specified in ISO/IEC 9995-3, this key shall work as a “latch” (i. e., when it is pressed and then released, the actuation of the next character input key causes the selection of a character of Group 2. After this, the status is reverted, thus subsequent character input key actuations refer to the basic group unless the “group selection” key is actuated again). If no dedicated “Group selection” key is present, its function is obtained by pressing the “Level 2 select” and “Level 3 select” (i. e. “Shift” and “AltGr”) key simultaneously and releasing them before actuating the selected character input key. Allocation guidelines for layouts containing the Latin alphabet An informative annex “Allocation guidelines” provides a basic pattern for arrangements of Latin letters, which in fact specifies a foundation for the kinds of keyboard layouts known as QWERTY, QWERTZ, or AZERTY. As this annex is not normative, it does not prevent other arrangements like the Dvorak keyboard or the Turkish F-keyboard being compliant to the ISO/IEC 9995 standard series. The figure shows letters in black where a unique position is given, while the letters shown in red may alternatively occupy any of the positions where they are shown. Digits may be allocated on Level 0 (unshifted) or Level 1 (shifted). An asterisk indicates “any other character”. Numeric keypad emulation The amendment 1 of ISO/IEC 9995-2:2009, which was published in 2012, specifies two ways of the emulation of a numeric keypad within the alphanumeric section of a keyboard. One way, with mappings to keys in the left half of the alphanumeric section (shown green in the diagram above), emulates a numeric keypad with the digits 1,2,3 in the upper row. The other way, with mappings to keys in the right half (shown blue in the diagram above), emulates one with the digits 7,8,9 in the upper row. The affected keys of any emulation, if in effect, are to be pressed simultaneously with the Function key (which has to be present outside of the alphanumeric section) to provide the effect of the according key of a numeric keypad. ISO/IEC 9995-3 Common secondary group ISO/IEC 9995-3:2010 defines a common secondary layout (“common secondary group”) for the alphanumeric keyboard. These are engraved on the right part of the keytops; the standard defines their position independent of the characters of the primary layout. Thus, e. g. the Yen symbol “¥” occupies the shifted position on the 6th letter key of the second row, whether this is the Y key on a QWERTY keyboard (like the US layout) or the Z key on a QWERTZ keyboard (like the German layout). Diacritical marks and peculiar characters The diacritical marks contained in the common secondary group act as dead keys, i.e. they are to be entered before the base characters they apply to. This mechanism is also to be used for sequences of more than one diacritical marks, to write languages like Vietnamese and Navajo. Moreover, ISO/IEC 9995-3:2010 defines a list of “Peculiar Characters which can be entered as combinations using diacritical marks”. This list specifies combinations of a diacritical mark and a second key. E.g., symbols like the not-equal sign “≠” (Unicode U+2160) can be entered this way. Especially, letters with a horizontal stroke (like Serbo-Croatian Đ/đ, Maltese Ħ/ħ, or Comanche Ʉ/ʉ) are entered this way using the "horizontal stroke accent" located on the K key. Outdated common secondary group The standard additionally defines an “outdated common secondary group” for compatibility purposes only. This resembles the “common secondary group” defined in the earlier edition of the standard, ISO/IEC 9995-3:2002. The outdated ISO/IEC 9995-3:2002 applied to the US keyboard layout Complementary Latin group layout For cases where no national keyboard layout is available, or to be used as an additional group on layouts designed for other scripts than Latin, the standard specifies a “Complementary Latin group layout”. It is based on the “harmonized 48 graphic key keyboard arrangement” as defined in ISO/IEC 9995-2 (see description above). The assignment shown with red background shall occur once at one of the indicated positions. The Complementary Latin group layout according to ISO/IEC 9995-3:2010 ISO/IEC 9995-4 ISO/IEC 9995-4 specifies the layout of the numeric section of a keyboard, if such one exists. It is subdivided into the function zone (shown with grey background in the left figure) and the numeric zone (shown with white background). The leftmost key in the lowest row may span to the left, occupying the position shown with yellow background. The decimal digits 1…9 may be arranged in an “1-2-3 layout” (shown in green, named according to the keys in the D row), or in a ”7-8-9 layout” (shown in blue). On a keyboard used for telematic functions, the symbols “” and “#” represent the initiator and the terminator. On a keyboard used for office purposes, the key denoted by “#” shall show the decimal separator (usually a dot or a comma, dependent on the user language). On such keyboards, the key position marked by the asterisk may be an extension of the “0” key, or a “double zero” key. Accordingly, if the yellow key position is used, it may be also an extension of the “0” key, a “double zero” key, or a “triple zero” key. The keys in the function zone may be associated to the arithmetic function they denote, or to the arithmetic characters, dependent of the software which is used. If an additional tabulator key or another special key is used, it shall be located at the position C54 (according to the reference grid specified in ISO/IEC 9995-1), thus occupying the lower half of the place shown for the “=” key. Numeric sections on usual keyboards for personal computers do not comply to the standard, as they usually have a Num lock key in the upper left corner where the standard requires the “+” key, and therefore also show a different arrangement of the other arithmetic keys (usually lacking an “=” key; see the second picture). By this, the standard in its present form (ISO/IEC 9995-4:2009) can be considered outdated. ISO/IEC 9995-5 ISO/IEC 9995-5 specifies the layout of the editing and function section of a keyboard. In fact, it specifies only two items: The Escape key has to be at the position K00 according to the reference grid specified in ISO/IEC 9995-1, or to the left of it (i. e., it has to be positioned near the left border of the first row above of the alphanumeric section). The four cursor keys (up, down, left, and right) in the cursor key zone (as specified in ISO/IEC 9995-1) have to be arranged in a “cross layout” or an “inverted T layout” (see figure). The recommended placement is such that the “cursor down” key is placed on row A (i. e., in the same row as the space bar). ISO/IEC 9995-7 ISO/IEC 9995-7 specifies several keyboard symbols used to represent functions. There is a publicly available listing in a proposal to encode these symbols as Unicode characters (which is still pending, as of March 2017). The figure shown above in the ISO/IEC 9995-2 section shows several examples. They are used extensively e. g. in the keyboard standard of the Province of Quebec, Canada. ISO/IEC 9995-8 ISO/IEC 9995-8:2009 defines an assignment identical to E.161 of the 26 letters A–Z to the number keys of a numeric keypad. The space character is not assigned. ISO/IEC 9995-10 ISO/IEC 9995-10 specifies several symbols to enable the unique identification of characters on keytops which otherwise can easily be misidentified (as em vs. en dashes). Also, it specifies a way to present diacritical marks, especially on dead keys. There is a publicly available listing of these symbols in a proposal to encode them as Unicode characters (which is still pending, as of March 2017). External links Neuville (Y), Le clavier bureautique et informatique, Cedic/Nathan 1985 (origin of the ISO/IEC 9995 standard) "Normalisation internationale des claviers : Documents du JTC1/SC35/GT1 au 1er mars 2001" (drafts of earlier editions of the parts of the ISO/IEC 9995 standard on Quebec.com) "Norme Internationale ISO/CEI 9995-1 Première édition 1994-08-15" (draft of an earlier edition of ISO/IEC 9995-1) References Category:Computer keyboards Category:Keyboard layouts #09995

Washington Township, Pottawattamie County, Iowa Washington Township is a township in Pottawattamie County, Iowa, USA. History Washington Township was organized in 1870. References Category:Townships in Pottawattamie County, Iowa Category:Townships in Iowa

Nikolaos Georgopoulos Nikolaos Georgopoulos (born 31 January 1937 in Athens) is a Greek former sprinter who competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was part of Greece's winning 4×400 metres relay team at the 1959 Mediterranean Games. He also represented his country at the European Athletics Championships in 1954 and 1958, and was a 200 metres silver medallist at the 1959 Universiade. References Category:1937 births Category:Living people Category:Greek male sprinters Category:Sportspeople from Athens Category:Olympic athletes of Greece Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1960 Summer Olympics Category:Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field) Category:Competitors at the 1959 Mediterranean Games Category:Mediterranean Games gold medalists for Greece Category:Mediterranean Games medalists in athletics Category:Universiade silver medalists for Greece

Gilles' Wife Gilles' Wife () is a 2004 drama film based on the 1937 novel of the same name by Madeleine Bourdouxhe. The film was directed by Frédéric Fonteyne and written by Fonteyne, Philippe Blasband and Marion Hänsel. It received the André Cavens Award for Best Film by the Belgian Film Critics Association (UCC). Cast Emmanuelle Devos as Elisa Clovis Cornillac as Gilles Laura Smet as Victorine Colette Emmanuelle as Elisa's mother Gil Lagay as Elisa' father External links Category:2004 films Category:Belgian drama films Category:French drama films Category:Luxembourgian films Category:Italian drama films Category:Italian films Category:Swiss drama films Category:Swiss films Category:Films based on Belgian novels Category:Belgian films Category:French films

Defecation Defecation is the final act of digestion, by which organisms eliminate solid, semisolid, or liquid waste material from the digestive tract via the anus. Humans expel feces with a frequency varying from a few times daily to a few times weekly. Waves of muscular contraction (known as peristalsis) in the walls of the colon move fecal matter through the digestive tract towards the rectum. Undigested food may also be expelled this way, in a process called egestion. Open defecation, the practice of defecating outside without using a toilet of any kind, is still widespread in some developing countries, for example in India. Description Physiology The rectum ampulla (anatomically also: ampulla recti) temporarily stores fecal waste. As the waste fills the rectum and expands the rectal walls, nervous system stretch receptors in the rectal walls stimulate the desire to defecate. This urge to defecate arises from the reflex contraction of rectal muscles, relaxation of the internal anal sphincter, and an initial contraction of the skeletal muscle of the external anal sphincter. If the urge is not acted upon, the material in the rectum is often returned to the colon by reverse peristalsis, where more water is absorbed and the faeces is stored until the next mass peristaltic movement of the transverse and descending colon. If defecation is delayed for a prolonged period the fecal matter may harden, resulting in constipation. If defecation occurs too fast, before excess liquid is absorbed, diarrhea may occur. When the rectum is full, an increase in intra-rectal pressure forces apart the walls of the anal canal, allowing the fecal matter to enter the canal. The rectum shortens as material is forced into the anal canal and peristaltic waves push the feces out of the rectum. The internal and external anal sphincters along with the puborectalis muscle allow the feces to be passed by muscles pulling the anus up over the exiting feces. Defecation is normally assisted by taking a deep breath and trying to expel this air against a closed glottis (Valsalva maneuver). This contraction of expiratory chest muscles, diaphragm, abdominal wall muscles, and pelvic diaphragm exerts pressure on the digestive tract. Ventilation at this point temporarily ceases as the lungs push the chest diaphragm down to exert the pressure. Thoracic blood pressure rises and as a reflex response the amount of blood pumped by the heart decreases. Death has been known to occur in cases where defecation causes the blood pressure to rise enough to cause the rupture of an aneurysm or to dislodge blood clots (see thrombosis). Also, in releasing the Valsalva maneuver blood pressure falls; this, coupled with standing up quickly to leave the toilet, can result in a blackout. During defecation, the external sphincter muscles relax. The anal and urethral sphincter muscles are closely linked. Experiments by Harrison Weed at the Ohio State University Medical Center have shown they can be contracted only together, not individually, and that both show relaxation during urination. This explains why defecation is frequently accompanied by urination. Voluntary and involuntary control Defecation may be involuntary or voluntary. Young children learn voluntary control through the process of toilet training. Once trained, loss of control, called fecal incontinence, may be caused by physical injury, nerve injury, prior surgeries (such as an episiotomy), constipation, diarrhea, loss of storage capacity in the rectum, intense fright, inflammatory bowel disease, psychological or neurological factors, childbirth, or death. Sometimes, due to the inability to control one's bowel movement or due to excessive fear, defecation (usually accompanied by urination) occurs involuntarily, soiling a person's undergarments. This may cause significant embarrassment to the person if this occurs in the presence of other people or in a public place. Posture The positions and modalities of defecation are culture-dependent. Squat toilets are used by the vast majority of the world, including most of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. The use of sit-down toilets in the Western world is a relatively recent development, beginning in the 19th century with the advent of indoor plumbing. Health aspects Attempting forced expiration of breath against a closed airway (the valsalva maneuver) is sometimes practiced to induce defecation while on a toilet. Cardiac arrest and other cardiovascular complications can in rare cases occur due to attempting to defecate using the valsalva maneuver. Valsalva retinopathy is another pathological syndrome associated with the Valsalva maneuver. Society and culture Anal cleansing after defecation The anus and buttocks may be cleansed after defecation with toilet paper, similar paper products, or other absorbent material. In many cultures, such as Hindu and Muslim, water is used for anal cleansing after defecation, either in addition to using toilet paper or exclusively. When water is used for anal cleansing after defecation, toilet paper may be used for drying the area afterwards. Some doctors and people who work in the science and hygiene fields have stated that switching to using a bidet as a form of anal cleansing after defecation is both more hygienic and more environmentally friendly. Mythology and tradition Some peoples have culturally significant stories in which defecation plays a role. For example: In an Alune and Wemale legend from the island of Seram, Maluku Province, Indonesia, the mythical girl Hainuwele defecates valuable objects. One of the traditions of Catalonia (Spain) relates to the caganer, a figurine depicting the act of defecation which appears in nativity scenes in Catalonia and neighbouring areas with Catalan culture. The exact origin of the caganer is lost, but the tradition has existed since at least the 18th century. See also Artist's Shit Hemorrhoid Rectal tenesmus - a feeling of incomplete defecation Shit References Further reading Eric P. Widmaier; Hershel Raff; Kevin T. Strang (2006). Vanders' Human Physiology: The Mechanisms of Body Function. Chapter 15. 10th ed. McGraw Hill. . Category:Excretion Category:Digestive system Category:Medical signs Category:Feces Category:Symptoms and signs: Digestive system and abdomen

1952 United States presidential election The 1952 United States presidential election was the 42nd quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 4, 1952. Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower won a landslide victory over Democrat Adlai Stevenson, ending a string of Democratic Party wins that stretched back to 1932. Incumbent Democratic President Harry S. Truman had remained silent about whether he would seek another full term, but the unpopular incumbent announced his withdrawal from the race following his defeat in the New Hampshire primary by Tennessee Senator Estes Kefauver. After Truman's withdrawal, the president and other party leaders threw their support behind Stevenson, the moderate Governor of Illinois. Stevenson emerged victorious on the third presidential ballot of the 1952 Democratic National Convention, defeating Kefauver, Senator Richard Russell Jr. of Georgia, and other candidates. The Republican nomination was primarily contested by conservative Senator Robert A. Taft of Ohio and Eisenhower, a general who was widely popular for his leadership in World War II. With the support of Thomas E. Dewey and other party leaders, Eisenhower narrowly prevailed over Taft at the 1952 Republican National Convention. The Republicans chose Richard Nixon, a young senator from California, as Eisenhower's running mate. Republicans attacked Truman's handling of the Korean War and the broader Cold War, and alleged that Soviet spies had infiltrated the U.S. government. Democrats faulted Eisenhower for failing to condemn Republican Senator Joe McCarthy and other reactionary Republicans who they alleged had engaged in reckless and unwarranted attacks. Stevenson tried to separate himself from the unpopular Truman administration, instead campaigning on the popularity of the New Deal and lingering fears of another Great Depression under a Republican administration. Eisenhower retained his enormous popularity from the war, as seen in his campaign slogan, "I Like Ike." Eisenhower's popularity and Truman's unpopularity led to a Republican victory, and Eisenhower won 55% of the popular vote. He carried every state outside of the South and won several Southern states that had almost always voted for Democrats since the end of Reconstruction. Republicans also won control of both houses of Congress. Nominees Republican Party The fight for the Republican nomination was between General Dwight D. Eisenhower, who became the candidate of the party's moderate eastern establishment; Senator Robert A. Taft from Ohio, the longtime leader of the Republican Party's conservative wing; Governor Earl Warren of California, who appealed to Western delegates and independent voters; and former Governor Harold Stassen of Minnesota, who still had a base of support in the Midwest. The moderate Eastern Republicans were led by New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey, the party's presidential nominee in 1944 and 1948. The moderates tended to be interventionists, who felt that America needed to fight the Cold War overseas and confront the Soviet Union in Eurasia; they were also willing to accept most aspects of the social welfare state created by the New Deal in the 1930s. The moderates were also concerned with ending the Republicans' losing streak in presidential elections; they felt that the personally popular Eisenhower had the best chance of beating the Democrats. For this reason, Dewey himself declined the notion of a third run for president, even though he still had a large amount of support within the party. The GOP had been out of power for 20 years, and the sentiment that a proper two-party system needed to be reestablished was strong, also a Republican Party in control of the White House would have more incentive to rein in unpopular demagogues such as Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy. The conservative Republicans, led by Taft, were based in the Midwest and parts of the South. The Midwest was a bastion of conservatism and isolationist sentiment, dislike of Europeans, in particular Great Britain, was common, and there was a widespread feeling that the British manipulated US foreign policy and were eager to kowtow to the Soviet Union, although attitudes were beginning to change among the younger generation who had fought in World War II. Taft had unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination in the 1940 and 1948 presidential elections, losing both times to moderate candidates from New York (Wilkie and Dewey). Taft, 63, felt that this was his last chance to run for president and so his friends and supporters worked extra hard to ensure that he would win the nomination. Warren, although highly popular in California, refused to campaign in the presidential primaries and thus limited his chances of winning the nomination. He did retain the support of the California delegation, and his supporters hoped that, in the event of an Eisenhower–Taft deadlock, Warren might emerge as a compromise candidate. After being persuaded to run, Eisenhower scored a major victory in the New Hampshire primary, when his supporters wrote his name onto the ballot, giving him an upset victory over Taft. However, from there until the Republican Convention the primaries were divided fairly evenly between the two, and by the time the convention opened, the race for the nomination was still too close to call. Taft won the Nebraska, Wisconsin, Illinois, and South Dakota primaries, while Eisenhower won the New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and Oregon primaries. Stassen and Warren only won their home states of Minnesota and California respectively, which effectively ended their chances of earning the nomination. General Douglas MacArthur also got ten delegates from various states (mostly Oregon), but had made it clear from early in the race that he had no interest in being nominated. Republican Convention When the 1952 Republican National Convention opened in Chicago, Illinois, most political experts rated Taft and Eisenhower as neck-and-neck in the delegate vote totals. Eisenhower's managers, led by Dewey and Massachusetts Senator Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., accused Taft of "stealing" delegate votes in Southern states such as Texas and Georgia. They claimed that Taft's leaders in these states had unfairly denied delegate spots to Eisenhower supporters and put Taft delegates in their place. Lodge and Dewey proposed to evict the pro-Taft delegates in these states and replace them with pro-Eisenhower delegates; they called this proposal "Fair Play." Although Taft and his supporters angrily denied this charge, the convention voted to support Fair Play 658 to 548, and Taft lost many Southern delegates. Eisenhower also received two more boosts, firstly when several uncommitted state delegations, such as Michigan and Pennsylvania, decided to support him, and secondly when Stassen released his delegates and asked them to support Eisenhower, whose moderate policies he much preferred to those of Taft. The removal of many pro-Taft Southern delegates and the support of the uncommitted states decided the nomination in Eisenhower's favor. However, the mood at the convention was one of the most bitter and emotional in American history. When Senator Everett Dirksen from Illinois, a Taft supporter, pointed at Dewey on the convention floor during a speech and accused him of leading the Republicans "down the road to defeat," mixed boos and cheers rang out from the delegates, and there were even fistfights between some Taft and Eisenhower delegates. In the end, Eisenhower narrowly defeated Taft on the first ballot. To heal the wounds caused by the battle, he went to Taft's hotel suite and met with him. Taft issued a brief statement congratulating Eisenhower on his victory, but he was bitter about what he felt was the untrue "stealing delegates" charge, and he withheld his active support for Eisenhower for several weeks after the convention. In September 1952 Taft and Eisenhower met again at Morningside Heights in New York City, where Taft promised to support Eisenhower actively in exchange for Eisenhower agreeing to a number of requests. These included a demand that Eisenhower give Taft's followers a fair share of patronage positions if he won the election, and that Eisenhower agree to balance the federal budget and "fight creeping domestic socialism in every field." Eisenhower agreed to the terms, and Taft campaigned hard for the Republican ticket. In fact, Eisenhower and Taft agreed on most domestic issues; their disagreements were primarily in foreign policy. Though there were initial suggestions that Warren could have earned the party's vice presidential slot for the second successive election if he were to withdraw and endorse Eisenhower, he ultimately chose not to do so. Eisenhower himself had been partial to giving the VP nod to Stassen, who had endorsed Eisenhower of his own accord and had generally similar political positions. The party bosses, however, were keen to find a running mate who could mollify Taft's supporters, as the schism between the moderate and conservative wings was so severe that in the worst case it could potentially lead to the conservatives bolting and running Taft as a third-party candidate. Eisenhower had apparently given little thought to choosing his running mate, when asked, he replied that he assumed the convention would pick someone. The spot ultimately fell to the young California Senator Richard Nixon, who was seen as being in the exact center of the GOP. Nixon was known as an aggressive campaigner and a fierce anti-communist, however he shied away from some of the more extreme ideas of the party's right wing, including isolationism and dismantling the New Deal. Most historians now believe that Eisenhower's nomination was primarily due to the feeling that he was a "sure winner" against the Democrats; most of the delegates were conservatives who would probably have supported Taft if they felt he could have won the general election. Despite not earning the presidential or vice presidential nominations, Warren would subsequently be appointed as Chief Justice in October 1953, while Stassen would hold various positions within Eisenhower's administration. The balloting at the Republican Convention went as follows: Democratic Party The expected candidate for the Democratic nomination was incumbent President Harry S. Truman. Since the newly passed 22nd Amendment did not apply to whoever was president at the time of its passage, he was eligible to run again. But Truman entered 1952 with his popularity plummeting, according to polls. The bloody and indecisive Korean War was dragging into its third year, Senator Joseph McCarthy's anti-Communist crusade was stirring public fears of an encroaching "Red Menace," and the disclosure of widespread corruption among federal employees (including some high-level members of Truman's administration) left Truman at a low political ebb. Polls showed that he had a 66% disapproval rating, a record only matched decades later by Richard Nixon and surpassed by George W. Bush. Truman's main opponent was populist Tennessee Senator Estes Kefauver, who had chaired a nationally televised investigation of organized crime in 1951 and was known as a crusader against crime and corruption. The Gallup poll of February 15 showed Truman's weakness: nationally Truman was the choice of only 36% of Democrats, compared with 21% for Kefauver. Among independent voters, however, Truman had only 18% while Kefauver led with 36%. In the New Hampshire primary, Kefauver upset Truman, winning 19,800 votes to Truman's 15,927 and capturing all eight delegates. Kefauver graciously said that he did not consider his victory "a repudiation of Administration policies, but a desire...for new ideas and personalities." Stung by this setback, Truman soon announced that he would not seek re-election (however, Truman insisted in his memoirs that he had decided not to run for reelection well before his defeat by Kefauver). With Truman's withdrawal, Kefauver became the front-runner for the nomination, and he won most of the primaries. Other primary winners were Senator Hubert Humphrey, who won his home state of Minnesota, while Senator Richard Russell Jr. from Georgia won the Florida primary and U.S. diplomat W. Averell Harriman won West Virginia. However, most states still chose their delegates to the Democratic Convention via state conventions, which meant that the party bosses – especially the mayors and governors of large Northern and Midwestern states and cities – were able to choose the Democratic nominee. These bosses (including Truman) strongly disliked Kefauver; his investigations of organized crime had revealed connections between Mafia figures and many of the big-city Democratic political organizations. The party bosses thus viewed Kefauver as a maverick who could not be trusted, and they refused to support him for the nomination. Instead, with Truman taking the initiative, they began to search for other, more acceptable, candidates. However, most of the other candidates had a major weakness. Richard Russell had much Southern support, but his support of racial segregation and opposition to civil rights for Southern blacks led many liberal Northern and Midwestern delegates to reject him. Truman favored W. Averell Harriman of New York, but he had never held an elective office and was inexperienced in politics. Truman next turned to his vice-president, Alben W. Barkley, but at 74 he was rejected as being too old by labor union leaders. Other minor or favorite son candidates included Oklahoma Senator Robert S. Kerr, Governor Paul A. Dever of Massachusetts, Senator Hubert Humphrey from Minnesota, and Senator J. William Fulbright from Arkansas. One candidate soon emerged who seemingly had few political weaknesses: Governor Adlai Stevenson of Illinois. The grandson of former Vice-President Adlai E. Stevenson, he came from a distinguished family in Illinois and was well known as a gifted orator, intellectual, and political moderate. In the spring of 1952, Truman tried to convince Stevenson to take the presidential nomination, but Stevenson refused, stating that he wanted to run for re-election as Governor of Illinois. Yet Stevenson never completely took himself out of the race, and as the convention approached, many party bosses, as well as normally apolitical citizens, hoped that he could be "drafted" to run. Democratic Convention The 1952 Democratic National Convention was held in Chicago in the same coliseum the Republicans had gathered in several weeks earlier. Since the convention was being held in his home state, Governor Stevenson – who still proclaimed that he was not a presidential candidate – was asked to give the welcoming address to the delegates. He proceeded to give a witty and stirring address that led his supporters to begin a renewed round of efforts to nominate him, despite his protests. After meeting with Jacob Arvey, the "boss" of the Illinois delegation, Stevenson finally agreed to enter his name as a candidate for the nomination. The party bosses from other large Northern and Midwestern states quickly joined in support. Kefauver led on the first ballot, but had far fewer votes than necessary to win. Stevenson gradually gained strength until he was nominated on the third ballot. After the delegates nominated Stevenson, the convention then turned to selecting a vice-presidential nominee. After narrowing it down to Senators John Sparkman, and A. S. Mike Monroney, President Truman and a small group of political insiders chose Sparkman, a conservative and segregationist from Alabama, for the nomination. The convention largely complied and nominated Sparkman as Stevenson's running mate. He was chosen because of his Southern identity and conservative record; party leaders hoped this factor would create a balanced ticket. General election Campaign issues The Eisenhower campaign was one of the first presidential campaigns to make a major, concerted effort to win the female vote. Many of his radio and television commercials discussed topics such as education, inflation, ending the war in Korea, and other issues that were thought to appeal to women. The Eisenhower campaign made extensive use of female campaign workers. These workers made phone calls to likely Eisenhower voters, distributed "Ike" buttons and leaflets, and threw parties to build support for the GOP ticket in their neighborhoods. On election day, Eisenhower won a solid majority of the female vote. Eisenhower campaigned by attacking "Korea, Communism, and Corruption"—that is, what the Republicans regarded as the failures of the outgoing Truman administration to deal with these issues. The Eisenhower campaign accused the administration of "neglecting Latin America" and thus "leading them into the arms of wily Communist agents waiting to exploit local misery and capitalize on any opening to communize the Americas." Charges that Soviet spies had infiltrated the government plagued the Truman Administration and also became a "major campaign issue" for Eisenhower. The Republicans blamed the Democrats for the military's failure to be fully prepared to fight in Korea; they accused the Democrats of harboring communist spies within the federal government; and they blasted the Truman Administration for the numbers of officials who had been accused of various crimes. Stevenson hoped to exploit the rift between the conservative Taft Republicans and the moderate Eisenhower Republicans. In a speech in Baltimore, Stevenson said, "The GOP elephant has two heads nowadays, and I can't tell from day to day who's driving the poor beast, Senator Taft or the General. I doubt that America will entrust its future, its hopes, to the master of a house divided against itself." Stevenson, Truman, and other Democrats campaigning that fall also criticized Senator Joseph McCarthy and other right-wing Republicans for what they believed were reckless and unwarranted attacks and congressional investigations into leading government officials and public servants. In a Salt Lake City speech Stevenson stated that right-wing Republicans were "quick with accusations, with defamatory hints and whispering campaigns when they see a chance to scare or silence those with whom they disagree. Rudely, carelessly, they invade the field of thought, of conscience, which belongs to God, and not to Senators...McCarthy and men like him can say almost anything, and if my opponent's conscience permits, he can try to help all of them get reelected." Stevenson said that right-wing attacks on government officials such as General George Marshall, who had served Truman as Secretary of State and Secretary of Defense, reflected a "middle of the gutter approach" to politics. President Truman repeatedly criticized Senator McCarthy's character and temperament, and called on Eisenhower to repudiate him. Stevenson ridiculed right-wing Republicans "who hunt Communists in the Bureau of Wildlife and Fisheries while hesitating to aid the gallant men and women who are resisting the real thing in the front lines of Europe and Asia...They are finally the men who seemingly believe that we can confound the Kremlin by frightening ourselves to death." In return, Senator McCarthy often jokingly confused the names Adlai and Alger, the first name of convicted Soviet spy Alger Hiss, by stating "Alger, I mean Adlai..." in his speeches. McCarthy, in response to Stevenson's criticisms, also stated during the campaign that he would like to get on the Stevenson campaign trail "with a club and make a good and loyal American" out of Stevenson. Neither Stevenson nor Sparkman had been a part of the Truman administration and they largely ignored its record, preferring to hark back to the Roosevelt's New Deal achievements while warning of against a repetition of the Hoover depression. Historian Herbert Parmet says that although Stevenson: tried to separate his campaign from Truman's record, his efforts failed to dispel the widespread recognition that, for a divided America, torn by paranoia and unable to understand what had disrupted the anticipated tranquility of the postwar world, the time for change had really arrived. Neither Stevenson nor anyone else could have dissuaded the electorate from its desire to repudiate 'Trumanism.' Campaign Many Democrats were particularly upset when Eisenhower, on a scheduled campaign swing through Wisconsin, decided not to give a speech he had written criticizing McCarthy's methods, and then allowed himself to be photographed shaking hands with McCarthy as if he supported him. Truman, formerly friends with Eisenhower, never forgot what he saw as a betrayal; he had previously thought Eisenhower would make a good president, but said, "he has betrayed almost everything I thought he stood for." Eisenhower retained his enormous personal popularity from his leading role in World War II, and huge crowds turned out to see him around the nation. His campaign slogan, "I Like Ike," was one of the most popular in American history. Stevenson attracted the support of the young, emergent postwar intellectual class, however Eisenhower was seen as more appealing to Main Street. Stevenson was ridiculed in some quarters as too effeminate to be president, the staunchly conservative New York Daily News called him "Adelaide" Stevenson, even though he had a reputation as a ladies' man and several mistresses. A notable event of the 1952 campaign concerned a scandal that emerged when Richard Nixon, Eisenhower's running mate, was accused by several newspapers of receiving $18,000 in undeclared "gifts" from wealthy donors. In reality, contributions were by design only from early supporters and limited to $1,000, with full accountability. Nixon, who had been accusing the Democrats of hiding crooks, suddenly found himself on the defensive. Eisenhower and his aides considered dropping Nixon from the ticket and picking another running mate. Eisenhower, who barely knew Nixon, waffled and refused to comment on the incident. Nixon saved his political career, however, with a dramatic half-hour speech, the "Checkers speech," on live television. In this speech, Nixon denied the charges against him, gave a detailed account of his modest financial assets, and offered a glowing assessment of Eisenhower's candidacy. The highlight of the speech came when Nixon stated that a supporter had given his daughters a gift – a dog named "Checkers" – and that he would not return it, because his daughters loved it. The "Checkers speech" led hundreds of thousands of citizens nationwide to wire the Republican National Committee urging the Republican Party to keep Nixon on the ticket, and Eisenhower stayed with him. Despite the red-baiting of the right wing of the GOP, the campaign on the whole was conducted with a considerable degree of dignity and Stevenson was seen as reinvigorating a Democratic Party that had become exhausted after 20 years in power and refreshing its appeal with younger voters. He accused Eisenhower of silently tolerating Joseph McCarthy's excesses. Stevenson went before the American Legion, a bastion of hardline conservatism, and boldly declared that there was nothing patriotic or American about what Joseph McCarthy was doing. Even with the dignified nature of the campaign, the dislike between the two candidates was visible; Stevenson criticized Eisenhower's non-condemnation of McCarthy and use of television spots, and Eisenhower, while he had initially respected Stevenson, in time came to view him as simply another career politician, something he strongly disliked. The 1952 election campaign was the first one to make use of the new medium of television, in part thanks to the efforts of Rosser Reeves, the head of the Ted Bates Agency, a leading advertising firm. Reeves had initially proposed a series of radio spots to Thomas Dewey in the 1948 campaign, but Dewey considered them undignified, and Reeves maintained that Dewey might have won the election had he been slightly more open-minded. Studying Douglas MacArthur's keynote speech at the Republican convention in July, Reeves believed that the general's words were "powerful", but "unfocused" and "all over the map". Eisenhower's public speeches were even worse, he was unable to make his point to the voting public in a clear, intelligible manner. Reeves felt that Eisenhower needed to condense his message down to a few simple, easily digestible slogans. Eisenhower at first also fared poorly on television and had a difficult time appearing relaxed and at ease on camera. The TV lighting was not flattering and it made him look old and unattractive, in particular his forehead tended to glisten under the lights. Eisenhower became upset when CBS correspondent Dave Schoenbrun pointed this out and suggested he try altering his poses to make his forehead less noticeable and also apply makeup so it would not shine from the lighting. Eventually, he gave in and agreed to these modifications. Reeves also wanted Eisenhower to not wear his eyeglasses on camera in order to look younger, but he could not read the prompter board without them, so Reeves devised a large, handwritten signboard. Reeves's TV work, although pioneering, was the subject of considerable criticism on the grounds that he was attempting to sell a presidential candidate to the public in the same manner that one might sell a car or a brand of toothpaste. Adlai Stevenson for his part would have nothing to do with television at all and condemned Eisenhower's use of the medium, calling it "selling the presidency like cereal". He himself made a point of the fact that he did not own a TV or watch television, and many of his inner circle did likewise. Both campaigns made use of television ads. A notable ad for Eisenhower was an issue-free, feel-good animated cartoon with a soundtrack song by Irving Berlin called "I Like Ike." For the first time, a presidential candidate's personal medical history was released publicly, as were partial versions of his financial histories, because of the issues raised in Nixon's speech. Near the end of the campaign, Eisenhower, in a major speech, announced that if he won the election he would go to Korea to see if he could end the war. His great military prestige, combined with the public's weariness with the conflict, gave Eisenhower the final boost he needed to win. Throughout the entire campaign, Eisenhower led in all opinion polls, and by wide margins in most of them. Citizens for Eisenhower To circumvent the local Republican Party apparatus mostly controlled by Taft supporters, the Eisenhower forces created a nationwide network of grass-roots clubs, "Citizens for Eisenhower." Independents and Democrats were welcome, as the group specialized in canvassing neighborhoods and holding small group meetings. Citizens for Eisenhower hoped to revitalize the GOP by expanding its activist ranks and by supporting moderate and internationalist policies. It did not endorse candidates other than Eisenhower. However Eisenhower paid it little attention after he won, and it failed to maintain its impressive starting momentum. Instead it energized the conservative Republicans, leading finally to the Barry Goldwater campaign of 1964. Long-time Republican activists viewed the newcomers with suspicion and hostility. More significantly, activism in support of Eisenhower did not translate into enthusiasm for the party cause. Results On election day, Eisenhower won a decisive victory, winning over 55% of the popular vote and carrying thirty-nine of the forty-eight states. Stevenson did not win a single state north of the Mason–Dixon line or west of Arkansas, whilst Eisenhower took three Southern states that the Republicans had won only once since Reconstruction: Virginia, Florida, and Texas. Despite the Republican win in Florida, this remains the last time to date a Democrat has won Collier County before southwestern Florida was turned into a growing Sun Belt Republican stronghold, and is also the last time a Democrat has won Aiken County, South Carolina, before the "Solid South" would collapse in the wake of the Civil Rights Movement. 1952 is also, however, the last time a Republican won Yolo County, California, or Native American Rolette County, North Dakota, and the last until Donald Trump in 2016 that the Republicans won Pacific County, Washington, or Swift County, Minnesota. This was the last time the Republicans won Missouri until 1968 and the last time the Democrats won Kentucky until 1964. It is also the last time that a Republican won the election without Kentucky. Stevenson's 700-vote win was the smallest percentage margin in any state since Woodrow Wilson won New Hampshire by fifty-six votes in 1916. This election was the first in which a computer (the UNIVAC I) was used to predict the results. Source (Popular Vote): Source (Electoral Vote): Results by state Close state races Election results in these states were within one percentage point (21 electoral votes): Kentucky, 0.07% Tennessee, 0.27% Election results in these states were within five percentage points (36 electoral votes): South Carolina, 1.44% Missouri, 1.56% Rhode Island, 1.84% West Virginia, 3.85% Delaware, 3.88% Election results in these states were between five and ten percentage points (140 electoral votes): Louisiana, 5.84% Pennsylvania, 5.88% Texas, 6.44% North Carolina, 7.82% Massachusetts, 8.76% Oklahoma, 9.18% Washington, 9.64% Illinois, 9.90% See also 1952 United States House of Representatives elections 1952 United States Senate elections History of the United States (1945–1964) First inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower References Further reading Blake, David Haven. Liking Ike: Eisenhower, Advertising, and the Rise of Celebrity Politics (Oxford UP, 2016). xvi, 281 pp. Bowen, Michael. The roots of modern conservatism: Dewey, Taft, and the battle for the soul of the Republican party (2011) Converse, Philip E., Warren E. Miller, Donald E. Stokes, Angus Campbell. The American Voter (1964) the classic political science study of voters in 1952 and 1956 5 vol of details on each region Davies, Gareth, and Julian E. Zelizer, eds. America at the Ballot Box: Elections and Political History (2015) pp. 167–83, role of television. Greene, John Robert. I Like Ike: The Presidential Election of 1952 (2017) excerpt Halberstam, David. The Fifties. New York: Fawcett Columbine. (1993) Hyman, Herbert H. and Paul B. Sheatsley. "The political appeal of President Eisenhower", Public Opinion Quarterly, 17 (1953–54), pp. 443–60 McCullough, David. Truman. New York: Simon & Schuster. (1992) Martin, John Bartlow. Adlai Stevenson of Illinois (1976) vol 1 covers his campaign in depth Parmet, Herbert S. Eisenhower and the American crusades (1972) Smith, Jean Edward. Eisenhower in War and Peace (2012) pp. 498–549 Primary sources External links Newsreel on Eisenhower campaign 1952 popular vote by counties 1952 State-by-state Popular vote The Decision Not to Run in 1952, an excerpt from a Truman biography from a University of Virginia How close was the 1952 election? — Michael Sheppard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Living Room Candidate: Presidential Campaign Commercials: 1952 Eisenhower's 1952 presidential campaign, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library Election of 1952 in Counting the Votes Category:History of the United States (1945–64) Category:Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower Category:Richard Nixon Category:November 1952 events

Sir Lambton Loraine, 11th Baronet Lambton Loraine (17 November 1838 - 13 May 1917) was a British naval officer, best remembered for his involvement in the "Virginius Affair" of 1873. Oon 11 July 1852 he succeeded as 11th Baronet Loraine of Kirke Harle, Northumberland. In the same year he entered the Royal Navy, originally as a Naval Cadet, a Captain noting at the time "Sir Lambton Loraine Bart. Has very good talents, and promises to make a good draughtsman and surveyor." Sir Lambton joined at Valparaiso in early 1853, at the age of 14 years, and was a Midshipman aboard the ship until 1857 at the end of her second commission based in the Pacific. He was promoted to Lieutenant in 1858 and served in the Mediterranean, then in 1864 he was appointed Flag-Lieutenant to Rear-Admiral the Hon. Joseph Denman, Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Station. In 1866 he was acting commander of HMS Mutine during the hostilities between Spain and her former colonies, Peru and Chile, then in 1867 he was promoted to Commander. The Virginius Affair Since October 1870 the ship, Virginius, a sidewheel steamer over 200 ft (61m) long, capable of remarkable speed due to its powerful engines, was used to transport arms and men to aid the insurgencies against Spain in Cuba and Venezuela. The ship was regarded by Spain as a pirate ship and had several narrow escapes. On 23 October 1873 Virginius sailed from Kingston, Jamaica with 102 Cuban insurgents. At Port-au-Prince 300 Remingtons and 300,000 cartridges were loaded on board. At Comito 800 daggers, 800 machetes, a barrel of powder and a case of shoes were loaded. The ship headed for Cuba, but never reached shore. About 6 miles from land it was intercepted by the Spanish warship Tornado under the command of Captain Dionisio Costilla and an 8-hour sea chase ensued. During this chase, guns and equipment were dropped overboard to lighten the ship, however the poor physical condition of the ship and engines caused Captain Fry to surrender the ship barely 6 miles from the Jamaican coast. On 2 November 1873 a council of war was held by Spanish officials after the arrival of the captured Virginius at Santiago de Cuba harbour. Four ranking officers of the Army of Liberation were executed at 6am on 4 November 1873. Following a court-martial on 7 November the captain of Virginius and 36 members of the crew were executed by firing squad the same day. A further 12 Cuban revolutionaries were executed the next day. It was Sir Lambton Loraine who intervened, arriving at Santiago de Cuba harbour as Commander of the British warship HMS Niobe. Commander Loraine immediately sent the following communique to the Spanish Military Commander of Santiago, General Burriel: Military Commander of Santiago – Sir: I have no orders from my government, because they are not aware of what is happening; but I assume the responsibility and I am convinced that my conduct will be approved by Her Britannic Majesty, because my actions are pro-humanity and pro-civilisation, I demand that you stop this dreadful butchery that is taking place here. I do not believe that I need explain what my actions will be in case my demand is not heeded. (signed) Lambton Loraine Sir Lambton delivered the letter personally and did not leave the office of the military Governor until he received a satisfactory reply. His valiant intervention stopped the executing cold, and thus many Cubans, Americans and Britons were saved by his action. In April 1874, this Captain now, whom had spent his teenage years on HMS Trincomalee, was in New York for 13 days during which he was a welcome recipient of an almost continued round of receptions and evidences of public and private esteem. On 25 April he departed New York, the New York Times reporting: The vessel moved out of her dock a few minutes after 1 o’clock, Sir Lambton standing by the gangway with his umbrella raised, puffing quietly on his cigar and waving adieus with his hat to the little groups of friends on the pier, who sent him off with a hearty cheer. Later life Sir Lambton became a retired Captain in 1885, and a retired Rear-Admiral in 1889, dying at the age of 78 years on 13 May 1917. He was the father of British diplomat Sir Percy Loraine (1880-1961). See also Loraine baronets References Category:1838 births Category:1917 deaths

Teatro Rossini (Lugo) Teatro Rossini is the name of an opera house in Lugo, Italy that serves as an adjunct venue for the work of Teatro Comunale di Bologna. The Teatro Rossini was built in 1760, its main parts following a design of Ambrogio Petrocchi. Work on its interior, including the stage, seating, and balconies, was completed by Antonio Galli Bibiena. The theater's work has embraced collaborations with Ravenna's Teatro Alighieri and Pesaro's Rossini Foundation, as well as the ties to Bologna. It seats roughly 500. The theatre took its present name in honour of the composer Gioachino Rossini in 1859. References Plantamura, Carol, The Opera Lover's Guide to Europe, New York: Citadel Press, 1996 Zeitz, Karyl Lynn, Italian Opera Houses and Festivals, Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2005 See also List of opera festivals List of opera houses External links Teatro Rossini at Lugo, Italy Category:Opera houses in Italy Category:Buildings and structures in the Province of Ravenna Category:Theatres completed in 1760 Category:Theatres in Italy Category:Music venues completed in 1760

Nokesville, Virginia Nokesville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Prince William County, Virginia, United States and Fauquier County, Virginia, United States. The population was 1,354 at the 2010 census. History Nokesville is the center of a farming community with cattle and dairy farms; it became a town and intermediate stop on the Orange & Alexandria Railway in 1865. In the late 19th century–early 20th century, Nokesville was the location of a religious movement called the German Baptist Brethren, which became known as the Church of the Brethren. In the 1950s, it was cut off from passenger trains and remains a rural community today. Nokesville consists of four schools in Prince William. The oldest school, Nokesville Elementary was built in 1929 to serve all grades until 1964 when it was lowered to K-5 with the construction of Brentsville District High School. In 2014, Nokesville Elementary moved to a new building that was built next to Brentsville District High School on Aden Road. This new school is called The Nokesville School and serves a K-8 community. The old school was sold and is now a Montessori school. Patriot High School is located on Kettle Run Road, and was opened in 2011. Built concurrently, next door is T. Clay Wood Elementary School. The Nokesville postal delivery area consists of two schools in Fauquier. Kettle Run High School and Greenville Elementary are both new schools built on the Fauquier County side of Nokesville. Marstellar Middle School is located nearby in Bristow, and middle school students formerly attended this middle school prior to the K–8 school opening. The Lawn, Nokesville Truss Bridge, Brentsville Historic District, Park Gate, and Pilgrim's Rest, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Civil War Greenwich Trails sign at Greenwich Presbyterian Church, 15305 Vint Hill Road, Nokesville ROAD MAP Union and Confederate forces passed by or camped here frequently during the war. Federal units pursuing Stonewall Jackson to Manassas Junction camped here in August 1862; fighting involving John S. Mosby's rangers flared near here and Confederates marched past on the way to nearby Bristoe Station in October 1863. Battle of Kettle Run Nokesville Road (Route 28) and Aden Road, Nokesville VA 20181 ROAD MAP As Stonewall Jackson’s troops occupied and looted the railroad junction at Manassas August 27, 1862, Federal forces approached his rear guard at Kettle Run. The Confederates there managed to delay the Union force before withdrawing -Source Geography Nokesville is located at (38.698350, −77.573656). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 9.5 square miles (24.5 km²), all of it land. The Nokesville postal delivery area borders Bristow to the north, Catlett to the west, Independent Hill to the south and Canova to the east. Most of the area consists of farms and wooded lands with the "Village" straddling Fitzwater Drive between Aden Road and Nokesville Road (SR 28), which consists of a U.S. Post Office, Nokesville Family Dentistry, Carini's Pizza ( a hometown favorite), Herf Jones Rings, Nokesville Print & Copy, Nokesville Library, Nokesville Tires, Nokesville Veterinary, and many other small businesses. On the same street is the former Nokesville Elementary and several churches. Nearby is the Nokesville Fire Department and Brentsville High School. These are the only main collection of buildings in the area. Nearly all of the rest of the area is populated by small farms and more churches. Demographics As of the census of 2010, there were 1,354 people, 488 households. The racial makeup of the CDP was 90.8% White, 3.2% African American, 0.4% Native American, 1.9% Asian, 0% Pacific Islander, and 2.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.2% of the population. There were 488 households out of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.5% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.7% were non-families. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.08. The median age was 42.9 years. 50.4% of the population is male with 49.6% female. The median income for a household as seen in the 2000 census was $63,793, and the median income for a family was $68,611. Males had a median income of $41,875 versus $27,188 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $24,765. None of the families and 0.8% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 5.2% of those over 64. Sport Northern Virginia Eagles of the USA Rugby League are based in Nokesville. Events The Nokesville Ruritans host several notable events, such as the Brunswick Stew and Nokesville Day. The Brunswick Stew is usually held in the fall at Nokesville Elementary. It is an opportunity for members of the community to gather and purchase quarts of Brunswick Stew. There is typically music and a bonfire. Nokesville Day is a parade held the third Saturday in May that gives everyone in town a chance to gather on Fitzwater Dr. The fire department, local politicians, marching band, and Equestrian Society are only a few of the manyFl regular participants. It also hosts hundreds of various vendors. The Victory Baptist Church off Aden Rd. annually hosts a Fall Festival in October. Games, moon bounces, hayrides, and live music are often involved. Members outside of the church are encouraged to attend. The Nokesville Elementary also hosts a Fall Festival on an evening in October that offers kid friendly games and cake walks. Asbury United Methodist Church (UMC) on Fleetwood Drive hosts an annual Chicken Barbecue each fall coinciding with the annual Prince William Farm Tour. In addition to barbecued chicken with all the fixings, tours of the historic Asbury Church (built in 1892) are offered. Each spring (1st Saturday in March), Asbury UMC hosts an annual Pancake and Sausage Supper complete with all the fixin's. All are welcome to stop by for a meal, a visit and a whole lot of fun! Football games at Brentsville District High School, particularly the Homecoming game each year are well-attended. In the week before the game, cheerleaders put the names and numbers of every football player on ball-shaped laminated signs. The signs line Fitzwater Dr. to advertise the upcoming games and encourage attendance. References External links Official Website of Prince William County Prince William Conservation Alliance Nokesville Business Association Nokesville Civic Association Nokesville Volunteer Fire and Rescue Department Asbury United Methodist Church Category:Census-designated places in Virginia Category:Census-designated places in Prince William County, Virginia Category:Washington metropolitan area Category:Populated places established in 1865 Category:1865 establishments in Virginia

John Conley John Conley may refer to: John Conley (American football), former football player John Conley (Wisconsin), member of the Wisconsin State Assembly John D. Conley House on National Register of Historic Places listings in Albany County, Wyoming John Conley, musician in Holiday Flyer John Conley, corporal in UPR, killed in The Troubles in Garvagh See also John Conlee, American country music singer Jack Conley (disambiguation)