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[
[
"Karatal Korean History Center"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Karatal District Korean History Center''' (; ; ) is a local and ethnic history museum dedicated to the Korean community in Karatal District.",
"It is located in Ushtobe, Kazakhstan.Koreans of the mainland former Soviet Union are called Koryo-saram.",
"They descend from populations of Koreans who were forced to move from the Russian Far East to Central Asia in 1937."
],
[
"History",
"The founder of the museum is Korean-American missionary Helen Park (; ).",
"In 2003, Park and her husband moved as missionaries to Russia.",
"However, her husband passed away while they lived in St. Petersburg.",
"Kim moved to Almaty, Kazakhstan to participate in the building of a missionary center.",
"In Kazakhstan, she gathered donations to build a teaching facility for the Korean and English languages.",
"Her students ended up successfully moving to South Korea for work.",
"Upon hearing the story of how the Koryo-saram were once forced to move to Kazakhstan and given so few resources to start their new lives that they had to dig burrows out of the frozen ground with their bare hands (location of this is now at the Kazakhstan–Korea Friendship Park), she felt motivated to share their story.",
"After suffering from a stroke in 2017, she began work on preparing the museum.",
"She received help from a number of people she met and fellow members of the Christian community."
],
[
"Description",
"There are both indoor and outdoor exhibits in the museum.",
"One room is for watching historical films, which also contains books, photographs, and other historical materials.",
"Another room contains household items, Korean clothing, letters, and newspapers.In the courtyard, there are a number of recreated and authentic exhibits that demonstrate the daily life of the Koreans in Karatal.",
"An original house that a Korean lived in was moved onto the museum grounds.",
"There is an oven, a rice pounder, and a recreated burrow.",
"There is an original thatched roof hut.The museum managers, notably Helen Park, have been known to give tours to visitors to the surrounding area, to demonstrate where the Koreans engaged in various activities, such as growing rice."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* – 10:05, a South Korean travel YouTuber visits the museum and is given a tour through it* – A slideshow of pictures of the museum"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Rosmarie Pamer"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Rosmarie Pamer''' (born 19 March 1971) is an Italian politician and middle school teacher from South Tyrol.",
"A member of the South Tyrolean People's Party, she was elected to the Landtag of South Tyrol in the 2023 provincial elections."
],
[
"Early life and education",
"Pamer grew up on a mountain farm above St. Martin in Passeier.",
"After elementary and middle school in St. Martin, she attended the secondary school in Merano.",
"She then completed a biology degree at the University of Innsbruck, which she completed with a diploma thesis in 1995."
],
[
"Political career",
"Pamer has been politically active since 1995.She was deputy mayor and community representative of St. Martin from 1995 to 2010.In 2010, she was elected mayor with 56.3% of the vote, and was confirmed in the 2015 and 2020 local elections.",
"Since 2022 she has been SVP district chairwoman for the Burggrafenamt.",
"She ran for the SVP in the provincial elections in 2023 and was able to collect 12,290 preferential votes, which meant that she entered the Landtag of South Tyrol and at the same time the Trentino-South Tyrol regional council.",
"On 1 February 2024, she was elected to the new state government; In the Kompatscher III cabinet, she acts as first deputy state governor and, as state councilor, oversees the issues of social cohesion, family and voluntary work."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Pamer lives in St. Martin with her partner and son."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Alle Tage sing und sage"
],
[
"Introduction",
"\"''''''\" (All days sing and say) is a Marian hymn in German, a 17th-century paraphrase of a Latin hymn \"\" which is attributed to Bernard of Cluny.",
"It is part of the 2013 ''Gotteslob'' as GL 526."
],
[
"History",
"\"\" was written in the 17th century as a paraphrase of a Latin Marian hymn, \"\".",
"This song is attributed to Bernard of Cluny, but was believed to have been written by Saint Casimir during the Baroque period.",
"The melody of the hymn in German was first printed in a 1613 hymnal from Ingolstadt and has been used unchanged.The German version was revised by Heinrich Bone in 16 stanzas in 1847.Four of these stanzas (1, 2, 4 and 6) became part of the common Catholic hymnal in German, ''Gotteslob'', as GL 526."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Transatlantic Civil Servants' Statement on Gaza"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Transatlantic Civil Servants’ Statement on Gaza''' is a public letter signed by over 800 currently serving officials in the United Stated and Europe which states that the policies of their governments during the Israel-Gaza war could amount to \"grave violations of international law\".",
"The signatories are civil servants from the United States, the European Union, and 11 European countries including France, Germany, and the United Kingdom.",
"The identities of the signers were not made public for fear of repercussions."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Full text of letter"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Kurt Rieth"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Kurt Heinrich Rieth''' (28 February 1881 – 4 February 1969), was a German diplomat."
],
[
"Early life",
"Rieth was born on 28 February 1881 in Antwerp, where he lived until World War I.",
"He was the son of Heinrich Rieth (1844–1918), an importer of Russian oil for Belgium, the Netherlands and southern Germany.",
"Rieth studied in Germany, England and Belgium, ultimately receiving his juris doctor."
],
[
"Career",
"When Belgium was occupied by the troops of the German Empire during World War I, Rieth worked in the occupation administration.",
"Between 1915 and 1918, he was employed in the political department of the Imperial German General Government of Belgium.From 1919 to 1921, he was ''chargé d'affaires'' in Darmstadt and, from 1920, authorized representative of the Weimar Republic.",
"He then worked at the Embassy in Rome until 1924.In 1923 he was appointed counselor.",
"Between 1924 and 1931 he was counselor of the Embassy in Paris.From April 1931 to August 1934, he was German Ambassador in Vienna (as successor to Hugo von Lerchenfeld and predecessor to Franz von Papen), taking part, among other things, in the consecration of the Kufstein Hero Organ on 3 May 1931.On 25 July 1934, during the July Putsch, Odo Neustädter-Stürmer, Emil Fey and Franz Holzweber negotiated with Rieth to withdraw from the Federal Chancellery in Vienna.",
"In 1935 he was temporarily retired.===World War II===In March 1941, Rieth landed in Rio de Janeiro from Rome and flew to the southern United States in May 1941.In New York City, Rieth held negotiations with Walter C. Teagle, chairman of the board of the Standard Oil Company.",
"Following a tip from William Samuel Clouston Stanger, Rieth was arrested in his quite at the Waldorf Astoria and interned at Ellis Island and deported by the U.S. Bureau of Immigration in early June 1941.In July 1941, Rieth and two others were exchanged for Americans held by the Nazis (Jay Allen of the North American Newspaper Alliance and Richard C. Hottelet of the United Press).On June 14, 1940, Spanish troops occupied the Tangier International Zone.",
"As a result, the Germans set up a consulate with around 50 diplomats, which Rieth served as acting director after his deportation from the United States.",
"At the beginning of February 1944, the German consulate in Tangier was closed by Spanish occupation authorities under Luis Orgaz Yoldi.",
"In , he received a reparation notice in which he was officially titled as a retired Ambassador."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Rieth died on 4 February 1969 in Frankfurt am Main."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"February 2024 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria"
],
[
"Introduction",
"On 2 February 2024, the United States Air Force launched a series of airstrikes targeting Iran's Revolutionary Guards and Iran-backed militia groups located in Iraq and Syria.",
"The attack was launched in retaliation against a drone strike carried out by the Islamic Resistance in Iraq targeting US troops in Jordan the week before, which killed three U.S. troops."
],
[
"Background",
"Since the onset of the Israel–Hamas war on 7 October 2023, militia groups supported by Iran have executed more than 170 attacks on US bases in Iraq, Jordan and Syria.",
"These attacks have resulted in injuries to dozens of troops.",
"On 28 January 2024, a Shahed 136 drone strike carried out by the Islamic Resistance in Iraq targeted Tower 22, a US base in Jordan, resulting in the deaths of three US troops and causing injuries to 47 others."
],
[
"Bombing",
"===2 February===B-1B bombers taking off prior to the strikesAround midnight between 2 and 3 February local time (UTC+3), the United States Air Force carried out airstrikes targeting Iran-affiliated militia groups in Iraq and Syria.",
"The operation involved two B-1B bombers deployed from Dyess Air Force Base, Texas.",
"The targeted facilities included command and control operations centers, intelligence centers, rockets, missiles, unmanned aerial vehicle storage, as well as logistics and munition supply chain facilities belonging to militia groups.",
"American officials reported that the strikes hit 85 targets across seven facilities, three in Iraq and four in Syria, using 125 precision-guided missiles.",
"Of the 85 sites targeted, more than 80 were destroyed or rendered inoperable.",
"The 15,000-mile round trip required 44 hours flying time from Texas.Iraqi security officials reported that six airstrikes targeted a number of locations in Iraq, while Syrian state media announced that \"American aggression\" struck a number of sites in Syria's desert areas and the Iraq–Syria border.",
"Iraqi officials reported that airstrikes targeted the headquarters of the Popular Mobilization Forces in Akashat, killing 16 fighters.",
"Iraqi officials also said that three houses used by Kata'ib Hezbollah in Al Anbar Governorate were hit by airstrikes.According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, at least 29 Iran-backed militants were killed in the airstrikes in Syria.===7 February===At 9:30 p.m. local time, the United States conducted a drone strike on a vehicle in Baghdad, resulting in the death of three Kata'ib Hezbollah militants, among them senior commander Abu Baqir al-Saadi.",
"The attack was denounced by the Iraqi government, saying that the US-led military coalition in Iraq is becoming a \"factor for instability\"."
],
[
"Aftermath",
"The United States Department of the Treasury imposed sanctions on several individuals affiliated with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.Satellite imagery by ''Planet Labs'' revealed the extensive destruction of a facility utilized by the Liwa Fatemiyoun militia in the town of Ayyash, near Deir Ez-Zor in Syria.",
"The facility was targeted and subsequently obliterated by B-1B bombers.In Iraq, a funeral was held in Baghdad for 17 militiamen killed by the airstrikes on 4 February, with crowds chanting \"America is the greatest devil\" and holding pictures of the victims besides the ambulances transporting their remains.On 4 February, U.S. president Joe Biden announced the intention to direct additional measures, including against the IRGC and IRGC-affiliated personnel and facilities, as appropriate, to address the series of attacks against United States forces and facilities."
],
[
"Reactions",
"===United States===President Joe Biden wrote in a statement that their response to the drone attack in Jordan had begun and would \"continue at times and places of our choosing.",
"\"Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin referred to the strikes as \"the start of our response\" and that Biden had \"directed additional actions to hold the IRGC and affiliated militias accountable for their attacks on U.S. and Coalition Forces.",
"\"=== Iraq ===The Iraqi government condemned the attacks, calling it a \"new aggression\" against its sovereignty.",
"Iraq summoned the U.S. charge d'affaires in Baghdad to deliver a formal protest.=== Syria ===The Syrian Ministry of Defence slammed the \"aggression of the American occupation forces\", which it said was attempting \"to weaken the ability of the Syrian Arab Army and its allies in the field of fighting terrorism\".=== Iran ===The Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemned the attacks, calling it a \"strategic error by the US government which will have no result but to intensify ... instability in the region\".",
"Foreign ministry spokesperson Nasser Kanaani said the attacks were a \"violation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Iraq and Syria, international law, and a clear violation of the United Nations Charter\".President Ebrahim Raisi said that Iran will not start a war, but it will \"respond strongly\" to anyone who bullies it.Iran’s ambassador to the United Nations claimed that Iran and its allied militias were comparable to that of NATO.===Iran-backed militias===The leader of the Iraqi Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada militia group called on Kuwait, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia not to allow the United States to use their territory to launch attacks, saying that militias would target the source of the attacks.The spokesperson for Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba, Hussein al-Mosawi, said that the US \"must understand that every action elicits a reaction\" and also saying that \"We do not wish to escalate or widen regional tensions.",
"\"The Chairman of the Popular Mobilization Commission Falih Al-Fayyadh said that the US airstrikes went \"too far\" because they targeted a Popular Mobilization Forces facility, saying that attacking it was crossing the \"red line\" and that US strikes will not go \"unnoticed.",
"\"Hezbollah condemned the attacks, calling it a \"blatant violation of the sovereignty of the two countries\" and an \"attack on their security and territorial integrity\".=== Others ===Hamas condemned the airstrikes as pouring \"oil on the fire\".Palestinian Islamic Jihad condemned the attacks, calling the attacks \"blatant American aggression\" in the interest of “Western colonialism and the Zionist entity\", the group also stated that it “salutes to the revolutionary Iraqi and Syrian peoples who, along with the Yemeni and Lebanese peoples, are paying the price for their support of our Palestinian people in resisting the war of genocide.",
"\"The United Kingdom called the United States its \"steadfast\" ally and said that it supports the United States' right to respond to the attacks on its bases.Polish foreign minister Radosław Sikorski said the US airstrikes were the result of Iranian proxies \"playing with fire\".Russia condemned the attacks, The Russian foreign ministry said that the US was \"sowing chaos and destruction” in the Middle East.",
"Foreign Ministry spokesperson Maria Zakharova said that \"It is obvious that the air strikes are deliberately designed to further inflame the conflict\".China condemned the attacks.",
"Beijing’s ambassador Zhang Jun said that \"The US military actions are undoubtedly stoking new turmoil in this region and further intensifying tensions\" at the UN."
],
[
"See also",
"*Operation Praying Mantis*Operation Martyr Soleimani*2024 missile strikes in Yemen"
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Angstrom Gallery"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Angstrom Gallery''' is an art gallery in Dallas, Texas and Los Angeles, California.Founded by American art dealer David Quadrini, the gallery opened its doors in 1998 in Dallas and later in Los Angeles in the summer of 2002.Angstrom Gallery focuses on cutting edge exhibitions with artists including Mark Flood, Jeff Elrod, Phyllida Barlow, Brian Bress, Ryan Trecartin, Inka Essenhigh, Steven Hull, and Scott Reeder.Angstrom Gallery is known for closely collaborating with institutions and museums including the Nasher Sculpture Center, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Dallas Museum of Art, and Dallas Contemporary."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Denmark at the 2023 European Games"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Denmark''' competed at the '''2023 European Games''', in Kraków, Poland from 21 June to 2 July 2023.Denmark had previously competed at the 2015 European Games in Baku, Azerbaijan, where it won 12 medals, including four golds.",
"and at the 2019 European Games|competed at the 2019 European Games in Minsk, Belarus, where it won 8 medals, including three golds."
],
[
"Medalists",
" Medal Name Sport Event Date Denmark women's national beach handball team Beach handball Women's tournament Emma Jørgensen Canoe sprint Women's K-1 200 metres Emma Jørgensen Canoe sprint Women's K-1 500 metres Edi Hrnic Taekwondo Men's 80 kg Kim AstrupAnders Skaarup Rasmussen BadmintonMen's doubles Viktor Axelsen BadmintonMen's singles Nikolai TerteryanBoxing Men's 71kg - welterweight Emma JørgensenFrederikke Mathiesen Canoe sprint Women's K-2 500 metres Magnus SibbersenEmma Jørgensen Canoe sprint Mixed C-2 200 metres Matthias FullertonTanja Gellenthien Archery Mixed team compound Jonas Winterberg PoulsenFencingMen's individual foil Mia Blichfeldt Badminton Women's singles Denmark men's national beach handball team Beach handball men's tournament Nanna Lind KristensenTeqballWomen's singles Badminton Women's doubles"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Jason Huffman"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Jason Huffman''' is an American politician who briefly served as a member of the Illinois House of Representatives for the 87th district.Huffman is a deputy sheriff who previously served as the county chair of Menard County."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Mandaean studies"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Mandaean studies''' is the study of the Mandaean religion, Mandaean people, and Mandaic language.",
"It can be considered as a subdiscipline of Aramaic studies, Semitic studies, Middle Eastern studies, and Oriental studies.",
"Related disciplines include Syriac studies, Assyriology, Iranian studies, and religious studies."
],
[
"History",
"===Early history===One of the earliest Europeans to write detailed works about the Mandaeans was Ignatius of Jesus, an Italian Roman Catholic friar who published a 1652 treatise on Mandaeism, ''Narratio originis, rituum, & errorum christianorum Sancti Ioannis'' (\"Narration of the Origin, the Rituals, and the Errors of the Christians of St. John\").During the 19th century, scholars such as Matthias Norberg and Julius Heinrich Petermann published printed versions of the Ginza Rabba.",
"Petermann also performed field research with the Mandaeans in southern Iraq during the 1850s, where he worked Yahya Bihram as his primary informant.===20th century===In the early 20th century, Mandaean studies saw major progress as many works about Mandaeism were published, particularly translations of Mandaean texts into German by Mark Lidzbarski.",
"During the 1930s and 1940s, the field went into a temporary decline due to the turmoils of World War II.During the mid-1900s, Rudolf Macúch wrote a dictionary and grammar of Mandaic, while E. S. Drower (1879–1972) translated many hitherto unknown Mandaean texts into English and documented the Mandaean communities of Iraq in great detail.",
"Drower spent decades in Iraq and obtained dozens of Mandaean texts for the Drower Collection through her primary field consultant, Sheikh Negm bar Zahroon.",
"Even today, many Mandaean texts remain accessible to Western scholars solely through Drower's works.===21st century===During the 21st century, Mandaean studies underwent a revival as many new studies and textual translations were published.",
"The most active 21st-century Mandaean studies scholars based in the United States are Jorunn Jacobsen Buckley, Charles G. Häberl, and James F. McGrath, in addition to Bogdan Burtea in Germany and Matthew Morgenstern in Israel.After the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq, Mandaeans emigrated from Iraq en masse, with the Mandaean diaspora outnumbering those remaining in Iraq and Iran for the first time in history.",
"With the majority of Mandaeans living permanently in Anglophone countries (especially Australia and the United States) and Western Europe, members of the Mandaean diaspora, including Brikha Nasoraia, Carlos Gelbert, Majid Fandi Al-Mubaraki, Yuhana Nashmi, Qais Al-Saadi, Dakhil Shooshtary, and many other Mandaeans were publishing books and documents about their religion, history, scriptures, and language in English, allowing international scholars unprecedented access to information about Mandaean religion and culture.",
"In 2011, the first translation of the entire Ginza Rabba into English was published by Carlos Gelbert.",
"During the mid-2010s, the ''World of Mandaean Priests'' project led by Christine Robins (''née'' Allison) of the University of Exeter, with the assistance of Yuhana Nashmi, provided detailed multimedia documentation of Mandaean rituals, communities, and priests.",
"In addition, archival work of Mandaic manuscripts is currently being undertaken by Rafid Al-Sabti and his son Ardwan Al-Sabti in Nijmegen, Netherlands.Despite the significant progress made in Mandaean studies over the past several decades, Mandaean studies remains one of the least known subfields within Middle Eastern and Semitic studies.",
"According to Charles G. Häberl:"
],
[
"Academic series",
"The following monographic series specialize in Mandaean studies:*Gorgias Mandaean Studies by Gorgias Press*Mandäistische Forschungen (German: \"Mandaean Research\") series by Harrassowitz Verlag"
],
[
"Academic journals",
"Papers relating to Mandaean studies are regularly published in ''ARAM Periodical''."
],
[
"Conferences",
"The following ARAM International Conferences, organized by the ARAM Society for Syro-Mesopotamian Studies of the University of Oxford, were specifically dedicated to Mandaean studies.",
"Mandaean priests also performed baptisms (masbutas) during the 1999, 2002, and 2007 conferences.",
"*ARAM 13th International Conference (13–15 June 1999), Harvard University (with masbutas performed in the Charles River)*ARAM 17th International Conference (7 July 2002), The Oriental Institute, University of Oxford (with masbutas performed in the River Thames)*ARAM 24th International Conference (8–10 July 2007), Sancta Sophia College, University of Sydney (with masbutas performed in the Nepean River at Penrith)*ARAM 27th International Conference (9–11 July 2009), The Oriental Institute, University of Oxford*ARAM 36th International Conference (8–9 July 2013), The Oriental Institute, University of Oxford"
],
[
"See also",
"*Scholars of Mandaeism*Outline of Mandaeism"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Pucherazo"
],
[
"Introduction",
" Blanco y Negro'' (1898) showing the congressman Trinitario Ruiz y Capdepón coming out of the pot with the votes provided by the cacique network (above left, the cacique is depicted in the form of a spider).The term '''''pucherazo''''' is used in Spain to refer to an electoral fraud in terms of illegally manipulating the results of an election."
],
[
"Origin",
"The term \"''pucherazo''\" originated during the period of the Bourbon Restoration in Spain, as part of the electoral fraud methods used to maintain the agreed alternation between the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party, known as ''turnismo''.",
"This system of local political domination, especially rooted in rural areas and small towns, is known as ''caciquism''.The ''pucherazo'' consisted of electoral manipulation through the withholding of ballots, which were kept in containers as ''pucheros'' (hence the popularized name).",
"These ballots were added to or subtracted from the ballot box according to convenience, with the objective of altering the desired result.",
"Other methods used included the location of ballot boxes in places of difficult access and the manipulation of votes through the use of \"''lázaros''\" (votes of deceased people who, at least in theory, were resurrected like the Lazarus of the Gospels) and \"''cuneros''\" (candidates who were registered in a constituency where they had no personal or political ties).Throughout Spanish electoral history, the term \"''pucherazo''\" has endured as a synonym for electoral fraud."
],
[
"History",
"=== Reign of Amadeo I ===Satirical cartoon of ''La Carcajada'' (new masthead of the magazine ''La Flaca'' to avoid the administrative suspension) published on April 18, 1872, with the title \"''Triunfo electoral''\" (electoral triumph).",
"It ironizes about the fraudulent methods used by the president of the government and Minister of the Interior Práxedes Mateo Sagasta to win the elections of April 1872.Sagasta leads the procession carried on the back of a funnel with the sign \"''SUFRAGIO UNIVERSAL''\" (universal suffrage).",
"He is followed by all those who have made the \"electoral triumph\" possible: forces of public order, ''partidas de la porra'', ''lázaros'' (so called because they are deceased electors who have \"resurrected\" incarnated by other people), hired assassins, trileros, local authorities, imprisoned peasants and workers taken to vote, etc.In the Spanish general elections of April 1872 the governmental candidacies won a landslide victory thanks to what was then euphemistically called \"the moral influence of the government\".",
"The president of the executive, who also held the Interior portfolio, was Práxedes Mateo Sagasta, who, in order to ensure the triumph of his party, the Constitutional, gave a series of instructions to the civil governors of each province in which, among other things, they were ordered to do the following:Taking advantage of second order republicans, but influential in the masses and with the corresponding secrecy, the governor must buy at two reales or peseta the largest possible number of ballots belonging to federal electors.",
"On the day of the election, half an hour before the opening of the polling stations, a considerable number of royalist electors should crowd at the door of each one, a sufficient number to completely occupy the hall of the polling station... which will not facilitate the access only to those who are convenient.",
"It would seem excused to warn that at the door of each college the authority must have public order agents of heart and energy, who at the slightest pretext will do well to distribute some sticks and to take immediately to the jails those who give reason to do so.",
"At the opening of the polling place, which must be held half an hour before nine o'clock in the morning, for which purpose the president and secretary will keep their watches half an hour ahead, there must be in the ballot boxes as many ballots in favor of the ministerial candidacy as there are purchased ballots in the possession of the governor.=== Restoration ===Cartagena, in 1914.It shows a skeleton voting with the subtitle \"''Un elector de los que hay muchos''\" (One of many voters), as a denunciation of electoral fraud.",
"It represents the case of the so-called false voters ''lázaros'' who took the name of a deceased person who was thus resurrected.All the elections during the Bourbon Restoration in Spain were fraudulent since the result was determined in advance (\"''encasillado''\") because of the cacique network spread throughout the territory.",
"In all of them the government that called the elections won them, since in the political regime of the Restoration the governments changed before the elections and not after as happened in parliamentary regimes (not fraudulent).",
"As Feliciano Montero has pointed out, \"the king or in his case the regent was the one who, in fact, by means of the decree of dissolution of the Cortes, granted to the person designated to form the government, made possible the rise or fall of power to the different political leaders and formations....",
"This form of access to power subverted the logic of parliamentary practice.",
"It was not the Cortes that provoked political crises and caused governments to change, since each ruling party fabricated a sufficient parliamentary majority for itself through fraudulent elections.",
"The partial or total ministerial crises, the alternatives in the exercise of power (the turn), were decided among the high political spheres (the elite) outside Parliament, on the basis of the monarchical initiative...\".A similar assessment to that of Feliciano Montero is made by Carmelo Romero Salvador when he states that \"what to a greater extent distinguishes the Spanish case... is the fact that government action determined that the party that called the elections always won them, and that this was normalized and institutionalized as a result of the pact between the two majority parties that, since 1881 and for more than forty years, decided to alternate in power\".",
"\"It was the government that made the Cortes, not the other way around; and whoever made the elections never lost them\", concluded José Varela Ortega.The management of the whole fraud procedure depended on the Ministry of the Interior, which through the civil governors gave the pertinent instructions to the mayors responsible for the electoral census and for organizing the polling stations so that the ''encasillados'' candidates would be elected.In 1907 a new electoral law was passed with the theoretical objective of eliminating the ''pucherazo'', but it contained procedures that in practice encouraged it.",
"The main one, established in article 29, consisted in the fact that in the constituency where only one candidate was presented, he/she was automatically elected, without the need to hold a vote.",
"There came to be electoral calls, such as that of 1923, in which up to 146 deputies obtained their seats without the need to go to the polls and thus 30% of the electoral roll could not exercise their theoretical right to vote.",
"This law was in force until the municipal elections of 1931, where many councilors were elected by this procedure (14 018 monarchists and 1832 republicans).citation neededcitation needed.=== Second Republic ===The Second Republic took measures to make the elections clean and transparent, such as the figure of the interventor of the party, the provision whereby voters' fingers were marked with indelible ink, etc.",
"The electoral law of the Second Spanish Republic was criticized by some sectors for the difference in seats granted to the \"majorities\" over the \"minorities\" (for example, in the constituency of the city of Barcelona, with a total of 20 deputies, the most voted party or coalition obtained 16, and the next 4; even the 20 seats could be obtained by the majority if a series of requirements were met).",
"Another aspect criticized was that the validation of the minutes did not correspond to the courts or to another independent body, but to a commission formed by the elected parliamentarians themselves.",
"Its performance provoked criticism especially after the elections of February 1936.The result of the referendum on the 1936 Draft Statute of Autonomy of Galicia was also criticized.",
"The Republican Constitution demanded a two-thirds majority of yes in the referendums on the Statute of Autonomy, not on voters, but on registered people, and such a high yes was disputed.",
"The referendum was held on June 28, one month before the beginning of the Civil War, and it was qualified as a ''holy pucherazo'' by its own supporters.=== Francoism (from 1967) ===During the Franco dictatorship there were no elections, as the members of the Cortes were appointed directly or indirectly by the Head of State Francisco Franco.",
"An elective procedure was only introduced for a reduced part of them (100 ''procuradores'') at the end of Franco's regime when in 1967 the Organic Law of the State was approved, which modified the Constitutive Law of the Cortes of July 17, 1942, establishing that there would be \"two representatives of the Family for each province, elected by those who appear in the electoral census of heads of families and by married women, in the manner established by law\".",
"In the Family Representation Law of 1967, it was determined that the candidates would run individually, since political parties were prohibited, except for FET y de las JONS, the only party of the Dictatorship.",
"There were two elections for the so-called \"family third\", the first one held in the same year of 1967 and the next one in 1971."
],
[
"Irregularities during the Transition and Democracy",
"The recovery of democratic elections in 1977 was done by means of a proportional electoral system, instead of the majority system (which had been the traditional one in Spain).",
"The D'Hondt system was applied for the distribution of seats.",
"The main criticism it receives is that the provincial constituency, added to the existence of provinces of small population, benefits the majority parties, both at the state level (currently PP and PSOE) and at the regional level, to the detriment of the minority parties at the state level (currently UP or Ciudadanos).",
"The guarantee of the electoral system depends on the judicial authority, through the provincial electoral boards and the Central Electoral Commission.=== Electoral count ===At the end of the elections, the members of each polling station count the votes in the presence of intervenors from the different political parties.",
"The results of the voting are recorded in official minutes and placed in an envelope called \"''envelope number 1''\".",
"This envelope is sent to the Electoral Commission for verification and filing.",
"In parallel, a representative of the administration receives the voting data and transmits it to a data center for immediate dissemination.",
"This representative is not usually a civil servant, but an external worker, usually from the company Indra, who has been hired for the task.According to the Electoral Law, the judges who sit on the Electoral Boards are obliged to verify the veracity of the data that has been entered into the computer system, contrasting it with the data in the voting record in \"''envelope number 1''\".",
"In theory, this provides an additional layer of verification and security to ensure that the data being disseminated matches the actual votes cast at the polls.",
"However, in practice, this verification step is not performed systematically.",
"The data entered into the computer system is not routinely compared with the data in the voting record in \"''envelope number 1''\".",
"The Seville Electoral Board acknowledged the existence of this irregularity, arguing that it had no effect on the validity of the election results and that this lack of verification was standard practice throughout the country.",
"However, this lack of verification could open the door to possible errors or manipulations in the vote count, and may be considered a violation of the procedures established by law.The elections with the most controversial recount were the 1989 general elections, where 4 seats were disputed.",
"In the end the PSOE won all but the one in Melilla, as the courts decided to repeat the elections in Murcia, Pontevedra and Melilla.",
"In Barcelona the courts did not take this measure, and in the end the Constitutional Court decided that there would only be a repetition in Melilla.=== Buying of postal voting ===On some occasions irregularities have been denounced in postal voting and votes from immigration, which are judicially investigated as electoral crimes.",
"Two forms of fraud in the postal vote stand out: the lack of requirement of the DNI in the last phase of the process and the purchase of votes.In the last phase of the vote by mail, which consists of sending the vote by registered mail, the presentation of the identification document at the post office is not required.",
"This lack of identification requirement opens up an opportunity for fraud, as anyone can send a vote on behalf of another without their consent or knowledge.",
"This situation calls into question the reliability and security of the postal voting system.",
"The electoral law prohibits this practice, as the vote must be free and secret, without being influenced by gifts or promises.In the case of voters who agree to sell their vote, they may also face legal consequences.",
"Although the primary responsibility lies with those who buy votes, people who sell their vote may be considered accomplices or necessary cooperators to the crime.",
"In addition, depending on the circumstances, they may incur other related offenses, such as belonging to a criminal organization or engaging in money laundering activities.In legal terms, both the sale and the purchase of votes are considered crimes.",
"The electoral law establishes prison sentences of six months to three years or fines of twelve to twenty-four months for those who directly or indirectly solicit votes by means of rewards, gifts, remuneration or promises.",
"These penalties apply to those who buy votes and actively participate in electoral fraud.=== Inflation of the Electoral Roll ===Inflation of the electoral roll refers to the act of artificially increasing the number of persons registered in the census with the right to vote, particularly in periods close to elections.",
"This phenomenon can be observed when the number of people registered in a locality experiences an anomalous or significant increase just before the closing of the list of people entitled to vote.",
"This increase may be the result of illegitimate practices, such as the registration of persons who do not normally reside in that locality, with the aim of influencing the election results.",
"Sometimes, this situation may be motivated by the desire to retain power in a given place, to win more mayorships, or to influence the composition of supra-municipal bodies.",
"Institutions responsible for overseeing the census, such as the National Institute of Statistics and the Electoral Census Office, may detect these unusual increases and ask municipalities to justify this growth.",
"If a satisfactory explanation cannot be given, the case may be brought before the Central Electoral Commission for investigation.",
"The inflation of the electoral roll can be considered an electoral fraud, since it alters the number of voters in a municipality, thus being able to manipulate the election results."
],
[
"See also",
"* Encasillado"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Portrait of Julia, Lady Peel"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''''Portrait of Julia, Lady Peel''''' is an 1827 portrait painting by the English artist Sir Thomas Lawrence depicting Julia Peel, the wife of the politician Sir Robert Peel.",
"She married Peel in 1820.When she sat for Lawrence her husband was Home Secretary and he later went on to serve for two spells as Prime Minister.",
"It was exhibited at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition in 1827.The painting was sold by her grandson in 1896.It is now in the Frick Collection in New York City."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* Gash, Norman.",
"''Mr Secretary Peel: The Life of Sir Robert Peel to 1830''.",
"Faber & Faber, 2011.",
"* Hurd, Douglas.",
"''Robert Peel: A Biography''.",
"Hachette UK, 2017.",
"* Stott, Annette Schmidt, Benjamin & Goodfriend, Joyce.",
"''Going Dutch: The Dutch Presence in America 1609-2009''.",
"Brill, 2009."
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"What Daphne Saw"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''What Daphne Saw''''' is a 2019 American science fiction short film written and directed by Lizz Marshall.",
"The film stars Sélynne Silver, George Griffith, Lia Barnett, Matthew Rhodes, and Michael Estridge.",
"It won Best Actor and Best Score at Horrible Imaginings Film Festival in 2019."
],
[
"Plot",
"In a home with deep secrets, a female is punished by serving others in the dystopian future."
],
[
"Cast",
"* Sélynne Silver as Daphne* George Griffith as Paul* Lia Barnett as Cara* Matthew Rhodes as Steve* Michael Estridge as Delivery Technician"
],
[
"Production",
"The film stars Sélynne Silver.",
"Not In Our City produced the film for $7,864 through Seed&Spark."
],
[
"Release",
"The film premiered at Horrible Imaginings Film Festival in 2019.It later screened at the FilmQuest Film Festival in Utah, Ax Wound Film Festival in Brattleboro, Vermont and Alamo Drafthouse Cinema in Katy, Texas at a fundraising event to combat human trafficking."
],
[
"Reception",
"=== Critical response ===Nathaniel Muir at AIPT Comics said the subject matter of the film is tough, but praised the performances, atmosphere and direction.",
"Morbidly Beautiful scored the film 5 out of 5.Terry Mesnard at Gayly Dreadful said the film is a \"powerful watch\" that was well-shot and performed.",
"Anthony Digioia at Silver Screen Analysis said it \"lays the groundwork for a full-feature film that would be gripping without question.",
"\"=== Accolades ===FestivalYearAwardRecipient(s)ResultRef.FilmQuest Film Festival2019Best Sci-Fi Short''What Daphne Saw''Horrible Imaginings Film Festival2019Best Actor in a Short FilmGeorge GriffithBest Actress in a Short FilmSélynne SilverBest Director of a Short FilmLizz MarshallBest Dramatic Short Film''What Daphne Saw''Best Score in a Short FilmAlex WinklerBest Screenplay of a Short FilmLizz Marshall"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* *"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"List of islands of Georgia (country)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Islands''' in the country of Georgia include..."
],
[
"Lakes",
"*Tabatskuri Lake** Mamia's Island (მამიას კუნძული), a rare breeding ground of velvet scoter ducks.",
"Site of a 2023 documentary film.",
"** several smaller islands."
],
[
"See also",
"* Islands in disputed regions of Georgia** List of islands of Abkhazia** List of islands of South Ossetia* Geography of Georgia (country)"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"3-Methyl-GABA"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''3-Methyl-GABA''', also known as '''HMS3266K11''', is an anticonvulsant alkaloid."
],
[
"Pharmacology",
"'''3-Methyl-GABA''' is an activator of GABA-T, an enzyme that transforms GABA to succinate semialdehyde and glutamate.It also activates glutamate decarboxylase, an enzyme that is needed in GABA synthesis.",
"This is thought to be the primary mechanism of action behind its anticonvulsant action."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Karl Moore (fighter)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Karl Moore''' (born October 24, 1991) is a Northern Irish mixed martial artist who competes in the Light Heavyweight division of the Bellator MMA.",
"He has also competed in Cage Warriors (CW), where he was the Light Heavyweight Championship.",
"As of October 10, 2023, he is No.",
"4 in the Bellator Light Heavyweight Rankings."
],
[
"Mixed martial arts career",
"===Early career===Moore started his professional MMA career in 2011 and mainly fought in UK.",
"He amassed a record of 8–2 prior to being signed by Bellator.On March 4, 2017, Moore faced Josh Clark at Cage Warriors 81.He won the bout by unanimous decision to win the Cage Warriors Light Heavyweight Championship.===Bellator MMA===Moore signed a contract with Bellator MMA, and made his promotional debut on September 27, 2019, at Bellator 227 against Lee Chadwick.",
"He won the fight by split decision.Moore faced Karl Albrektsson on September 23, 2022, at Bellator 285.He lost the fight via face crank submission in the second round.Moore faced Maciej Różański on February 25, 2023, at Bellator 291.He won the fight by unanimous decision.Moore faced Alex Polizzi on June 16, 2023, at Bellator 297.He won the bout by unanimous decision.After Vadim Nemkov vacated the Light Heavyweight title, Moore is scheduled to face Corey Anderson on March 22, 2024, at Bellator 302 for the vacant Bellator Light Heavyweight World Championship."
],
[
"Championships and achievements",
"===Mixed martial arts===*'''BattleZone Fighting Championships''' ** Battlezone FC Light Heavyweight Championship (One Time)*'''Cage Warriors''' ** Cage Warriors Light Heavyweight Championship (One Time)"
],
[
"Mixed martial arts record",
"Win12–2Alex PolizziDecision (unanimous)Bellator 29735:00Chicago, Illinois, United States Win11–2Maciej RóżańskiDecision (unanimous)Bellator 29135:00Dublin, IrelandWin10–2Karl AlbrektssonSubmission (face crank)Bellator 28523:36Dublin, IrelandWin9–2Lee ChadwickDecision (split)Bellator 22735:00Dublin, IrelandLoss8–2Mauro CerilliKO (knee and punches)Cage Warriors 9210:15London, EnglandWin8–1Josh ClarkDecision (unanimous)Cage Warriors 8155:00Dublin, Ireland Win7–1Paco EstevezKO (punches)Cage Warriors: Unplugged 113:23London, England Win6–1Prince AounallahSubmission (arm-triangle choke)Venator FC 214:30Rimini, Italy Loss5–1Paul CraigSubmission (guillotine choke)BAMMA 2220:42Dublin, IrelandWin5–0Lloyd ClarksonDecision (unanimous)Cage Warriors 7035:00Dublin, Ireland Win4–0Richie KnoxTKO (punches)Cage Warriors 6212:36Newcastle, EnglandWin3–0Cyril AskerSubmission (rear-naked choke)Cage Contender 173N/ANewry, Northern IrelandWin2–0Washington FerreiraSubmission (rear-naked choke)Cage Contender 1422:52Dublin, Ireland Win1–0Rimantas PukasSubmission (triangle choke)Battlezone FC 413:45Dublin, Ireland"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Marie Schreiber"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Marie Schreiber''' (born 17 April 2003) is a Luxembourgish professional racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's WorldTeam ."
],
[
"Major results",
"===Cyclo-cross===;2019–2020: 1st National Junior Championships;2020–2021: UCI Junior World Cup::2nd Tábor;2021–2022: 1st National Under-23 Championships: 1st Contern: 3rd Meulebeke;2022–2023: 1st National Championships: 1st Lützelbach: 1st Bensheim: 2nd Loenhout: 2nd Brumath: 4th UEC European Under-23 Championships: 5th UCI World Under-23 Championships: UCI World Cup::5th Dublin;2023–2024: 1st Lützelbach: 1st Bensheim: 1st Brumath: UCI World Cup::2nd Flamanville::4th Dublin::5th Maasmechelen::5th Hoogerheide: 2nd 15px UEC European Under-23 Championships: 2nd Mechelen===Road===;2020: National Junior Championships::1st Road race::1st Time trial;2021: National Junior Championships::1st Road race::1st Time trial;2022: National Under-23 Championships::2nd Road race::2nd Time trial;2023: National Under-23 Championships::1st Road race::2nd Time trial: 3rd Road race, National Championships: 5th Road race, European Under-23 Championships"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2024 CONCACAF Women's U-17 Championship squads"
],
[
"Introduction",
"This is a list of the squads for the 2024 CONCACAF Women's U-17 Championship.",
"The 8 national teams involved in the tournament were required to register a squad of 21 players each, three of whom must be goalkeepers; only players in these squads were eligible to take part in the tournament.",
"Players born on or after 1 January 2007 are eligible to compete.The age listed for each player is on 1 February 2024, the first day of the tournament.",
"The numbers of caps and goals listed for each player do not include any matches played after the start of the tournament.",
"The club listed is the club for which the player last played a competitive match before the tournament.",
"The nationality for each club reflects the national association (not the league) to which the club is affiliated.",
"A flag is included for coaches who are of a different nationality than their own national team.",
"Players marked (c) were named as captain for their national squad."
],
[
"Group A",
"=== Costa Rica ===Coach: Harold López=== El Salvador ===Coach: Eric Acuña=== Haiti ===Coach: Marc Ogé.",
"The squad was announced on 22 january 2024.=== Mexico ===Coach: Jimena Rojas"
],
[
"Group B",
"=== Canada ===Coach: Emma Humphries=== Panama ===Coach: Victor Suarez=== Puerto Rico ===Coach: Nathaniel González=== United States ===The squad was announced on 17 January 2024.Coach: Katie Schoepfer"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Rosters"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"El Hassane M'Barki"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''El Hassane M'Barki''' (born 8 May 1987) is a French footballer who plays as a striker for US Hostert."
],
[
"Early life",
"M'Barki is of Moroccan descent."
],
[
"Career",
"M'Barki played for Luxembourgian side FC Mondercange, where he was regarded as one of the club's most important players."
],
[
"Style of play",
"M'Barki mainly operates as a striker."
],
[
"Personal life",
"M'Barki has a daughter."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Brandun"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Brandun''' is a given name, a variant of Brandon."
],
[
"List of people with the name",
"* Brandun DeShay (born 1990), American rapper* Brandun Lee (born 1999), American professional boxer* Brandun Schweizer, American politician"
],
[
"See also",
"* The brand union"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Phytoptus atherodes"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Phytoptus atherodes''''' is a species of mite in the family Eriophyidae, discovered by Philipp E. Chetverikov in 2011."
],
[
"Description",
"In ''P.",
"atherodes'', males are smaller than females, and the body is long, wide, whitish in color and resembles a worm, having a prodorsal shield with a figure on it looking like the Greek letter \"Ψ\"."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Facaaye"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Facaaye''' (Somali: '''Facaye'''), a Somali clan (\"Faysal bin Ahmed bin Abdirahman bin Is'mail bin Ibrahim al Jaberti\"), is one of the major Darod subclans and part of the Sade clan family .",
"The majority of the Facaye live in Jubaland, the Northern Frontier District of Kenya and Galgaduud, particularly in Bardhere, Kismayo, Jilib and Abudwak.",
"The rest of the tribe can be found deep in Ethiopia.There is no clear agreement on the clan and sub-clan structures.",
"The divisions and subdivisions as here given are partial and simplified.",
"Many lineages are omitted.",
"For a comparison of different views on the clan-lineage-structures see the World Bank's \"Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics\"."
],
[
"History",
"The Facaaye clan historically straddled a territory spanning from the mountains of Afar to the Wollo province of Amhara, specifically the Angot province, to the east of Tigray and were historically known as the Dobe'a people.",
"According Francisco Álvares they possessed the most livestock in the world, rich in animals such as cattle's and goats.Map of the Facaaye clan next to the Doba, descendants in the region of Amhara still claim to be descendants of the Facaaye clanMap of the Sade clans in the Afar region such as Facaaye, Marehan and sub clansOne of their largest towns was Manadeley, which was known for being a centre of commerace and described as being like a seaport, where goods from all across the world could be found such as Jeddah, Fez, elsewhere in Morocco, Tunis, Greece, Ormus, Cairo, and India.Their lands were the economic lifeline of the Sultanate of Adal, as they controlled the salt trade, holding one of the largest salt lakes in the world at Lake Assal, their strategic location near the Bab-el-Mandeb strait would also mean one of the capitals of the Sultanate of Ifat was situated in their territory.",
"Numerous mosques and city ruins have been found in the lands inhabited by the tribe.The Facaaye were also a powerful warrior tribe which conducted raids on neighboring Abyssinian provinces for decades, and were one of the prime tribes who fought alongside Mahfuz during his raids on Abyssinian borders.After the destruction of the Marehan Imamate of Aussa, the Sade tribes would migrate east of the Awash valley and begin settling Dire Dawa and Harar.",
"The Asaimara Mudaito dynasty Afar would massacre the native Sade clans, causing the forced migration and thus the formation of the Gobad sultanate, however the Oromo expansion expansion would cause the Afar and Somali Sade clans to ally in order to ward off the greater enemy, forming the Assaimara and Adoimara confederations.",
"The Sade tribes would create the Debne and We'ima tribes, who remained allies for centuries to battle of the Assaimara.",
"Later, due to unknown circumstances, likely due to civil war, the Marehan would be completely wiped out of the Afar Region.Account of Sir William Cornwallis Haris of the Facaaye and Marehan clans''The rainy season having now fairly set in, it was believed that thepools on the upper road would furnish a sufficient supply of water, andthe course was accordingly shaped towards it.",
"Emerging upon theextensive plain of Merihan, bounded to the westward by the lofty peakedrange of Feeoh, the route skirted the Bundoora hills, thickly clothedwith grass, and varying in height from six hundred to a thousand feet.Wayess, the chief of the Woema, formerly held his head-quarters in thisneighbourhood, at Hagaio-dera-dubba; but the Eesah Somauli makingfrequent inroads, and at last sweeping off all the cattle of the tribe,it was abandoned.''"
],
[
"Clan tree",
"Lineage tree of the Facaaye*Sade**Facaaye**Marehan*Facaaye**Humbeelle**Higsed*Humbeelle**Reer Allamagan**Reer Xoosh**Reer Khayr***Reer Xassan Khayr***Reer Maxamed Khayr***Reer Axmed Khayr****Reer Dhuubow Axmed****Reer Xassan Axmed****Reer Cali Axmed****Reer Faarax Axmed****Abiy"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Rapid City Historic Commercial District"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Rapid City Historic Commercial District''', sometimes called the '''Rapid City Downtown Historic District''', is a , multi-block historic district in downtown Rapid City, South Dakota, United States.",
"It includes 47 commercial buildings dating from the late 19th to early 20th centuries that formed the core of Rapid City's early economy.",
"It was first listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and then expanded to its current size in 1998."
],
[
"Description",
"The historic district spans across multiple blocks in the center of downtown Rapid City.",
"of Main, Saint Joseph, 6th, and 7th Streets formed the rough boundaries of the original 1974 listing, with 38 properties on both sides of the streets included, although some buildings on 5th Street were also included.",
"These buildings were constructed between 1881 and 1924.The district expanded by in 1998 to encompass 50 contributing and 22 non-contributing properties and pushed the western and eastern boundaries out to Mount Rushmore Road and 5th Street, respectively.",
"The years of significance were also increased to between 1876 and 1948.The district was again surveyed in 2017, which updated its total contributing properties to 47 and non-contributing properties to 21.It also removed several noncontributing properties included in the 1998 boundary increase.===Architecture===The buildings in the Rapid City Historic Commercial District represent a broad range of purposes and architectural styles.",
"Most properties historically served—and continue to serve—a commercial purpose, but some have been used for governmental, civic, agricultural, industrial, or entertainment functions.",
"The first buildings were typically first constructed out of timber frames before later being replaced by more permanent stone and brick structures.",
"Between 1880 and 1900, non-wooden buildings were usually done in the Renaissance Revival, Italianate, Romanesque Revival, and Queen Anne architectural styles.",
"After the turn of the 20th century, fashions gave way to Neoclassical, Beaux Arts, Chicago School, and American Craftsman.",
"Buildings from the interwar period favored more utilitarian Art Deco, International, or Moderne architecture styles.",
"Buildings from any era might display eclectic or vernacular features."
],
[
"History",
"As white American settlers moved west into the Black Hills in the 1870s, entrepreneurs began looking to build settlements that would serve as hubs of commerce and transport.",
"Rapid City was founded in 1876 on the banks of Rapid Creek, today located a few blocks north of the modern historic district.",
"The arrival of railroads over the next two decades caused a population boom and created a rapidly growing economy.",
"Banks, grocers, lawyers, pharmacies, and many other retail and commercial ventures started up in the downtown core to meet the needs of the growing population.",
"Other properties served as hotels, lodges, or apartments.",
"As the county seat, Rapid City also required multiple government and civic buildings; the first city hall was located at 616 6th Street.",
"The old fire hall also served as a police headquarters; today it is a restaurant, the theming of which calls back to its firehouse roots."
],
[
"Contributing properties",
"===Significant contributing properties=======Hotel Alex Johnson====Hotel Alex JohnsonThe Hotel Alex Johnson is a centerpiece contributing property to the district.",
"The eight-story hotel was one of the tallest buildings in the state when constructed in 1927.====Buell Building====Located at 630 Saint Joseph Street, The Buell Building was finished in 1888 by the Lakota Banking & Investment Co. Its namesake, Charles Buell, purchased it in 1901 to establish his law offices.",
"It was further expanded in 1925 to its present size.",
"The Buell Building is considered one of the best examples of architecture in the district.",
"Much of the original building has been preserved, although renovations on the first floor have replaced much of the original brick and windows.",
"Most notably, the building features an oriel window topped with an onion dome inspired by architecture in Eastern Europe.",
"The rest of its architecture is classed as an eclectic mix of Italianate, Romanesque Revival, and Queen Anne.====Windsor Block====This trio of buildings at 625, 627, and 629 St. Joseph Street, called the Windor Block, was created by businessman Robert Flormann in 1886.All three buildings are mostly identical and reflect Italianate and Commercial architectural styles.",
"They would eventually become the Donaldson's Store, Rapid City's first department store and a core of its retail infrastructure.",
"In the 1950s, the block was broken up into three separate compartments for retail space.",
"Only 625 was included in the original listing; the other two addresses were ineligible due to remodeling works that had obscured much of the front facades.",
"The original style was restored in the late 2000s and early 2010s and the last two addresses were subsequently added to the listing.====Elks Building====Elks BuildingThe Elks Building, located at 512 6th Street, was designed by J.P. Eisentraut in 1911 for use as a meetinghouse by the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks.",
"The opening ceremony was held on August 30, 1911.The Elks also built a theater inside, which opened on June 6, 1912, with a showing of \"The Flirting Princess\"; this also led to the building itself being referred to as the Elks Theatre, by which name it is still known today.",
"Later, it hosted various businesses, including the United National Bank and the Bible and Book Store on its ground floor.",
"The Elks sold it to a private developer in 1972, who continued to use it as a social club.",
"Today, it still operates as a theater.It was included in the historic district's initial establishment in 1974.It is a three-story brick structure, and is both Neoclassical and Spanish Colonial Revival in style, although the windows are Chicago School-based.====Italianate Trio====This block of three Italianate-style buildings on St. Joseph Street was built in 1886.The three buildings are the Lambert and Frease Building, at 608–610 St. Joseph; the Flormann Building at 612–614 St. Joseph; and 616–618 St. Joseph.",
"Like the Windsor Block, these buildings are all identical.===Other contributing properties===Properties below are listed in a clockwise direction, beginning at the intersection of Main and 5th Streets in the northeast corner of the district.",
"'''Address''''''Historic Name''''''Image''''''Year Built''''''Added''''''Style''' '''Description''' 406 5th 1936 July 9, 1998 Utilitarian, Colonial Revival Five contributing buildings, all built between 1911 and 1944, consisting of a shed, warehouse, grain elevator, offices, and a retail block; a sixth non-contributing building was finished in 1973.412 5th 1939 July 9, 1998 Vernacular 430 Main Gambles 1947 July 9, 1998 Utilitarian, Art Deco 510 St. Joseph Salvation Army 1931 July 9, 1998 Commercial 522–530 6th Duhamel Building 1908 July 9, 1998 Chicago School Founded by Peter Duhamel for use as Rapid City's first department store 518 6th 1904 July 9, 1998 Italianate 516 6th 1889 July 9, 1998 Italianate 616 6th City Hall 1903 July 9, 1998 Colonial Revival Rapid City's first city hall building, which also hosted its fire and police departments.",
"609 St. Joseph Hall Building 1884, 1930s October 1, 1974 Art Deco 619 St. Joseph Bennett Building 1918 October 1, 1974 Commercial, Arts and Crafts 623 St. Joseph Hall Building 100px 1886 October 1, 1974 Italianate Now the Black Hills Beauty College 704 St. Joseph Security Building 1929 October 1, 1974 Commercial, Art Deco 515–517 7th 1905 October 1, 1974 Romanesque Revival 517–519 7th Security Savings Bank 1907 October 1, 1974 Romanesque Revival 710 St. Joseph Bennett Building Addition 1929 July 9, 1998 Utilitarian 725 St. Joseph 1918 July 9, 1998 Utilitarian 731 St. Joseph Federal Building 1912 July 9, 1998 Neoclassical, Beaux Arts 801 St. Joseph Art Rose Building 1930 July 9, 1998 Commercial 802–808 St. Joseph Rapid City Business College 1919 July 9, 1998 Art Deco 814–816 St. Joseph Hill Apartments 1918 July 9, 1998 American Craftsman 507 7th 1886 October 1, 1974 631 Main First National Bank 1915 October 1, 1974 Neoclassical 619 Main Rise Building 1926 October 1, 1974 Commercial, Chicago School 616–622 Main 1926 October 1, 1974 Vernacular, Utilitarian, Revival 617 Main 1930 October 1, 1974 Chicago School, Commercial 615 Main McNamara Brothers Building 1914 October 1, 1974 Commercial, Neoclassical 613 Main 1891, 1930s October 1, 1974 Art Deco 611 Main 1891 October 1, 1974 Romanesque Revival 610–612 Main Rapid City Fire Hall 100px 1915 October 1, 1974 Chicago School Now the Firehouse Brewing Company.",
"Designed by W.W. Beach and Co. 609 Main Coolidge Brothers Building 1886 March 20, 1997 Romanesque Revival 606 Main Clower Building, Evans–Poznonsky–Morris Block 1886 October 1, 1974 Italianate Originally served as Clower's Saloon.",
"605–607 Main Penny–Haines Building 1915 March 20, 1997 Commercial Designed by H. E. Waldron 507 6th Haines Block 1918 October 1, 1974 Utilitarian, Art Deco 602 Main 1898–1900 October 1, 1974 Italianate 401–413 6th Chicago Northwestern Railway Warehouse 1932 July 9, 1998 Utilitarian 601 Main Pennington County Bank 1915 October 1, 1974 Neoclassical 523 Main 1930 July 9, 1998 Utilitarian 521 Main 1930 July 9, 1998 Utilitarian 513–519 Main 1925 July 9, 1998 Utilitarian 508 Main 1906 July 9, 1998 Italianate"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Daniel Curtin (footballer)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Daniel Curtin''' is a professional Australian rules footballer who was selected by the Football Club as the number 8 pick in the 2023 AFL draft.",
"He previously played for in the WAFL."
],
[
"Early life",
"Curtin played for the Claremont Football Club in his junior career.",
"Curtin was selected in the All-Australian team after the 2023 AFL Under 18 Championships and captained the Claremont Colts team to the 2023 premiership.",
"He excelled at both senior and State level throughout the 2023 season."
],
[
"AFL career",
"Curtin was selected by at pick number 8 in the 2023 national draft after the Crows traded up in a deal with which saw them give up pick number 11 and 15 in return for pick number 8 and 17.Curtin seemed a perfect suitor for Adelaide, who were lacking defensive height due to the departure of Tom Doedee and the injuries of Nick Murray and Jordon Butts.",
"A versatile player who played as a defender, forward and midfield during his junior career, Curtin was projected to be a top 5 pick but dropped down to pick number 8."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* * *"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Frederikshavn FOX Team Nord"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Frederikshavn FOX Team Nord''', (''formerly FOX Team Nord'') was a Danish women's Handball team, that played their best seasons in the Damehåndboldligaen, the top Danish league.",
"It was founded on the license of Frederikshavn forenede Idrætsklubber.",
"The club has played in both the top flight and the second tier, the Danish 1st Division, but following bankruptcy the team was relegated to the fourth tier of Danish handball, the 3.division.The team was founded as a fusion between Frederikshavn FI og LSU Sæby in 2001.The team was owned by Fox Team Nord ApS."
],
[
"Economy",
"On the May 4 2009 TV2/Nord reported that the team was in serious economic trouble, which the club did not comment on.",
"3 weeks later the club reported that it was on its way to secure a stable economy for the following season.24th of March 2010 the club declared bankruptcy which relegared the team to the 3rd division for the 2010/11-sæsonen."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Frederikshavn FOX – ''officiel site'' * Foxtails – ''officiel fanklub-site''"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2023–24 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 6"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''sixth competition weekend of the 2023–24 ISU Speed Skating World Cup''' was held at the Centre de Glaces in Quebec City, Canada, from Friday, 2 February, until Sunday, 4 February 2024."
],
[
"Medal summary",
"===Men's events=== '''Event''' '''Gold''' '''Time''' '''Silver''' '''Time''' '''Bronze''' '''Time''' '''Report''' 500 m (1) 34.51 34.59 34.67 500 m (2) 34.36'''TR''' 34.69 34.72 1000 m 1:07.96 1:08.34 1:08.49 1500 m 1:44.01'''TR''' 1:44.79 1:45.73 5000 m 6:13.87'''TR''' 6:17.18 6:17.56 Mass start 60 40 20 Team sprint Marek KaniaPiotr MichalskiDamian Żurek 1:18.71 Henrik Fagerli RukkeBjørn MagnussenHåvard Holmefjord Lorentzen 1:18.80 Austin KlebaCooper McLeodZach Stoppelmoor 1:18.81 In mass start, race points are accumulated during the race based on results of the intermediate sprints and the final sprint.",
"The skater with most race points is the winner.===Women's events=== '''Event''' '''Gold''' '''Time''' '''Silver''' '''Time''' '''Bronze''' '''Time''' '''Report''' 500 m (1) 37.69'''TR''' 37.70 38.05 500 m (2) 37.71 37.91 37.94 1000 m 1:14.19'''TR''' 1:15.07 1:15.72 1500 m 1:55.50 1:56.39 1:56.89 3000 m 4:01.11 4:02.62 4:02.73 Mass start 60 43 24 Team sprint Marrit FledderusNaomi VerkerkFemke Kok 1:27.09 Andżelika WójcikIga WojtasikKarolina Bosiek 1:27.79 Inessa ShumekovaAlina DauranovaYekaterina Aydova 1:29.16 In mass start, race points are accumulated during the race based on results of the intermediate sprints and the final sprint.",
"The skater with most race points is the winner."
],
[
"Results",
"===Men's events=======1st 500 m====The race started on 3 February 2024 at 15:51.Rank Pair Lane Name Country Time Diff 7 i Jordan Stolz 34.51 9 o Laurent Dubreuil 34.59 +0.08 8 i Yuma Murakami 34.67 +0.16 4 6 o Marek Kania 34.72 +0.21 5 6 i Janno Botman 34.89 +0.38 6 3 o Piotr Michalski 34.93 +0.42 7 9 i Wataru Morishige 34.96 +0.45 8 10 o Kim Jun-ho 34.99 +0.48 9 4 o Bjørn Magnussen 35.04 +0.53 10 3 i Cooper McLeod 35.07 +0.56 11 1 o Stefan Westenbroek 35.07 +0.56 12 4 i David Bosa 35.09 +0.58 13 8 o Damian Żurek 35.10 +0.59 14 1 i Cho Sang-hyeok 35.16 +0.65 15 5 o Håvard Holmefjord Lorentzen 35.19 +0.68 16 2 o Merijn Scheperkamp 35.21 +0.70 17 7 o Yudai Yamamoto 35.42 +0.91 18 2 i Takuya Morimoto 35.44 +0.93 19 10 i Tatsuya Shinhama 35.47 +0.96 20 5 i Nil Llop 35.63 +1.12====2nd 500 m====The race started on 4 February 2024 at 15:22.Rank Pair Lane Name Country Time Diff 10 o Jordan Stolz 34.36'''TR''' 8 o Marek Kania 34.69 +0.33 3 i Piotr Michalski 34.72 +0.36 4 8 i Yuma Murakami 34.81 +0.45 5 10 i Laurent Dubreuil 34.81 +0.45 6 9 o Wataru Morishige 34.85 +0.49 7 4 o Cooper McLeod 34.89 +0.53 8 9 i Kim Jun-ho 34.93 +0.57 9 7 i Damian Żurek 34.96 +0.60 10 3 o Cha Min-kyu 34.99 +0.63 11 6 i Janno Botman 35.07 +0.71 12 1 i Marten Liiv 35.09 +0.73 13 4 i Bjørn Magnussen 35.15 +0.79 14 6 o Håvard Holmefjord Lorentzen 35.18 +0.82 15 7 o Yudai Yamamoto 35.21 +0.85 16 5 i David Bosa 35.23 +0.87 17 2 o Mathias Vosté 35.27 +0.91 18 1 o Merijn Scheperkamp 35.33 +0.97 19 5 o Nil Llop 35.55 +1.19 20 2 i Takuya Morimoto 35.62 +1.26====1000 m====The race started on 2 February 2024 at 14:05.Rank Pair Lane Name Country Time Diff 9 o Jordan Stolz 1:07.96 10 o Tatsuya Shinhama 1:08.34 +0.38 9 i Ning Zhongyan 1:08.49 +0.53 4 1 i Mathias Vosté 1:08.50 +0.54 5 2 i Ryota Kojima 1:08.64 +0.68 6 10 i Håvard Holmefjord Lorentzen 1:08.70 +0.74 7 8 i Tim Prins 1:08.82 +0.86 8 7 o Marten Liiv 1:08.87 +0.91 9 3 i Hendrik Dombek 1:08.95 +0.99 10 3 o Conor McDermott-Mostowy 1:09.01 +1.05 11 8 o Taiyo Nonomura 1:09.13 +1.17 12 7 i David Bosa 1:09.20 +1.24 13 4 i Moritz Klein 1:09.23 +1.27 14 2 o Cho Sang-hyeok 1:09.29 +1.33 15 5 o Connor Howe 1:09.29 +1.33 16 4 o Cooper McLeod 1:09.35 +1.39 17 6 o Masaya Yamada 1:09.78 +1.82 18 1 o Vincent De Haître 1:10.30 +2.34 19 5 i Kazuya Yamada 1:12.80 +4.84 20 6 i Damian Żurek 1:25.78 +17.82====1500 m====The race started on 3 February 2024 at 14:30.Rank Pair Lane Name Country Time Diff 9 o Jordan Stolz 1:44.01'''TR''' 9 i Ning Zhongyan 1:44.79 +0.78 7 o Connor Howe 1:45.73 +1.72 4 8 o Hallgeir Engebråten 1:45.99 +1.98 5 8 i Wesly Dijs 1:46.25 +2.24 6 3 o Thomas Krol 1:46.26 +2.25 7 4 o Allan Dahl Johansson 1:46.59 +2.58 8 3 i Emery Lehman 1:46.64 +2.63 9 6 i Taiyo Nonomura 1:46.80 +2.79 10 4 i Antoine Gélinas-Beaulieu 1:46.83 +2.82 11 10 o Hendrik Dombek 1:47.02 +3.01 12 5 o Seitaro Ichinohe 1:47.21 +3.20 13 2 i Chung Jae-won 1:47.38 +3.37 14 5 i Alessio Trentini 1:47.56 +3.55 15 2 o Stefan Emele 1:47.63 +3.62 16 1 i An Hyun-jun 1:47.76 +3.75 17 1 o Vincent De Haître 1:47.76 +3.75 18 7 i Masaya Yamada 1:47.91 +3.90 19 10 i Kazuya Yamada 1:47.96 +3.95 20 6 o Riku Tsuchiya 1:48.46 +4.45====5000 m====The race started on 2 February 2024 at 15:59.Rank Pair Lane Name Country Time Diff 7 o Ted-Jan Bloemen 6:13.87'''TR''' 7 i Davide Ghiotto 6:17.18 +3.31 8 i Hallgeir Engebråten 6:17.56 +3.69 4 6 i Michele Malfatti 6:20.49 +6.62 5 1 o Timothy Loubineaud 6:21.55 +7.68 6 8 o Sverre Lunde Pedersen 6:21.95 +8.08 7 5 o Seitaro Ichinohe 6:22.92 +9.05 8 5 i Casey Dawson 6:23.57 +9.70 9 2 o Marwin Talsma 6:24.33 +10.46 10 1 i Marcel Bosker 6:24.88 +11.01 11 6 o Yu Wu 6:25.56 +11.69 12 2 i Ryosuke Tsuchiya 6:27.23 +13.36 13 3 o Jesse Speijers 6:28.74 +14.87 14 3 i Kristian Gamme Ulekleiv 6:28.93 +15.06 15 4 i Riku Tsuchiya 6:30.77 +16.90 16 4 o Graeme Fish 6:43.41 +29.54====Mass start====The race started on 3 February 2024 at 17:08.Rank Name Country Points Time Shomu Sasaki 60 7:56.06 Chung Jae-won 40 7:56.11 Livio Wenger 20 7:56.15 4 Bart Hoolwerf 10 7:56.19 5 Andrea Giovannini 7 7:56.24 6 Daniele Di Stefano 5 8:33.43 7 Peter Michael 4 8:02.23 8 Lee Seung-hoon 3 7:56.25 9 Mathieu Belloir 3 8:31.81 10 Sun Chuanyi 2 7:59.92 11 Marcel Bosker 2 8:00.97 12 Ethan Cepuran 1 7:58.82 13 Antoine Gélinas-Beaulieu 7:56.39 14 Gabriel Odor 7:56.85 15 Kota Kikuchi 7:56.99 16 Conor McDermott-Mostowy 7:57.13 17 Kristian Gamme Ulekleiv 7:57.22 18 Timothy Loubineaud 7:58.74 19 Artur Janicki 8:01.34 20 Allan Dahl Johansson 6:40.59====Team sprint====The race started on 4 February 2024 at 16:41.Rank Pair Lane Country Time Diff 3 c Marek KaniaPiotr MichalskiDamian Żurek 1:18.71 5 c Henrik Fagerli RukkeBjørn MagnussenHåvard Holmefjord Lorentzen 1:18.80 +0.09 5 s Austin KlebaCooper McLeodZach Stoppelmoor 1:18.81 +0.10 4 4 c Liu ZeDu HaonanDeng Zhihan 1:19.64 +0.93 5 4 s Stefan WestenbroekJanno BotmanWesly Dijs 1:19.76 +1.05 6 2 c Hendrik DombekMoritz KleinStefan Emele 1:20.95 +2.24 7 2 s Nikita VazheninAltaj ZjardembekulyArtur Galiyev 1:22.69 +3.98 8 1 s Tuukka SuomalainenJuuso LehtonenSamuli Suomalainen 1:23.17 +4.46 3 s Yankun ZhaoAnders JohnsonAntoine Gélinas-Beaulieu ===Women's events=======1st 500 m====The race started on 3 February 2024 at 15:21.Rank Pair Lane Name Country Time Diff 9 o Kim Min-sun 37.69'''TR''' 8 i Femke Kok 37.70 +0.01 6 i Tian Ruining 38.05 +0.36 4 7 o Rio Yamada 38.26 +0.57 5 9 i Erin Jackson 38.36 +0.67 6 6 o Naomi Verkerk 38.36 +0.67 7 10 o Kurumi Inagawa 38.38 +0.69 8 1 o Isabel Grevelt 38.47 +0.78 9 4 o Dione Voskamp 38.51 +0.82 10 2 o Serena Pergher 38.58 +0.89 11 5 o Carolina Hiller 38.62 +0.93 12 10 i Marrit Fledderus 38.62 +0.93 13 5 i Lee Na-hyun 38.72 +1.03 14 3 i Karolina Bosiek 38.77 +1.08 15 7 i Yukino Yoshida 38.86 +1.17 16 8 o Andżelika Wójcik 38.94 +1.25 17 1 i Martine Ripsrud 38.95 +1.26 18 4 i Sarah Warren 38.95 +1.26 19 3 o Kako Yamane 38.99 +1.30 20 2 i Martyna Baran 39.12 +1.43====2nd 500 m====The race started on 4 February 2024 at 15:52.Rank Pair Lane Name Country Time Diff 8 i Femke Kok 37.71 9 o Kim Min-sun 37.91 +0.20 9 i Erin Jackson 37.94 +0.23 4 6 i Tian Ruining 38.12 +0.41 5 6 o Naomi Verkerk 38.25 +54 6 10 i Marrit Fledderus 38.32 +0.61 7 10 o Kurumi Inagawa 38.40 +0.69 8 5 i Lee Na-hyun 38.48 +0.77 9 8 o Rio Yamada 38.50 +0.79 10 4 i Karolina Bosiek 38.59 +0.88 11 2 i Iga Wojtasik 38.61 +0.90 12 5 o Carolina Hiller 38.63 +0.92 13 7 i Yukino Yoshida 38.68 +0.97 14 4 o Sarah Warren 38.70 +0.99 15 7 o Andżelika Wójcik 38.70 +0.99 16 2 o Kim Min-ji 38.71 +1.00 17 3 o Kako Yamane 38.83 +1.12 18 3 i Martyna Baran 39.04 +1.33 19 1 o Heather Carruthers 39.19 +1.48====1000 m====The race started on 2 February 2024 at 13:30.Rank Pair Lane Name Country Time Diff 9 i Miho Takagi 1:14.19'''TR''' 8 i Femke Kok 1:15.07 +0.88 2 o Isabel Grevelt 1:15.72 +1.53 4 9 o Brittany Bowe 1:16.16 +1.97 5 6 i Lee Na-hyun 1:16.36 +2.17 6 5 o Tian Ruining 1:16.57 +2.38 7 4 o Naomi Verkerk 1:16.60 +2.41 8 8 o Karolina Bosiek 1:16.70 +2.51 9 3 i Helga Drost 1:16.72 +2.53 10 10 i Rio Yamada 1:16.88 +2.69 11 5 i Maddison Pearman 1:17.15 +2.96 12 7 i Yekaterina Aydova 1:17.17 +2.98 13 10 o Ellia Smeding 1:17.21 +3.02 14 2 i Marrit Fledderus 1:17.21 +3.02 15 4 i Sarah Warren 1:17.29 +3.10 16 7 o Erin Jackson 1:17.36 +3.17 17 1 o Martine Ripsrud 1:17.72 +3.53 18 6 o Alina Dauranova 1:17.85 +3.66 19 3 o Isabelle Van Elst 1:18.21 +4.02 20 1 i Béatrice Lamarche 1:18.27 +4.08====1500 m====The race started on 4 February 2024 at 14:30.Rank Pair Lane Name Country Time Diff 8 i Joy Beune 1:55.50 9 i Han Mei 1:56.39 +0.89 5 o Melissa Wijfje 1:56.89 +1.39 4 7 i Valérie Maltais 1:57.13 +1.63 5 9 o Marijke Groenewoud 1:57.27 +1.77 6 3 o Francesca Lollobrigida 1:57.61 +2.11 7 8 o Ayano Sato 1:57.64 +2.14 8 10 o Ivanie Blondin 1:57.78 +2.28 9 4 i Yang Binyu 1:58.12 +2.62 10 7 o Ragne Wiklund 1:58.35 +2.85 11 2 o Abigail McCluskey 1:58.65 +3.15 12 6 i Kaitlyn McGregor 1:58.88 +3.38 13 10 i Brittany Bowe 1:58.98 +3.48 14 3 i Sumire Kikuchi 1:59.13 +3.63 15 2 i Greta Myers 1:59.32 +3.82 16 6 o Esther Kiel 1:59.36 +3.86 17 1 o Ellia Smeding 1:59.47 +3.97 18 5 i Yuna Onodera 1:59.57 +4.07 19 4 o Isabelle Van Elst 1:59.85 +4.35 20 1 i Yekaterina Aydova 2:02.13 +6.63====3000 m====The race started on 2 February 2024 at 14:58.Rank Pair Lane Name Country Time Diff 5 i Irene Schouten 4:01.11 8 i Joy Beune 4:02.62 +1.51 6 i Valérie Maltais 4:02.73 +1.62 4 2 i Isabelle Weidemann 4:02.79 +1.68 5 7 i Ragne Wiklund 4:04.09 +2.98 6 7 o Martina Sábliková 4:04.15 +3.04 7 2 o Francesca Lollobrigida 4:04.34 +3.23 8 8 o Marijke Groenewoud 4:04.80 +3.69 9 6 o Sanne In 't Hof 4:05.92 +4.81 10 4 o Momoka Horikawa 4:06.20 +5.09 11 5 o Ivanie Blondin 4:07.07 +5.96 12 4 i Yang Binyu 4:08.06 +6.95 13 1 o Ayano Sato 4:11.21 +10.10 14 3 o Yuna Onodera 4:11.90 +10.79 15 3 i Magdalena Czyszczoń 4:12.54 +11.43 16 1 i Kaitlyn McGregor 4:13.79 +12.68====Mass start====The race started on 4 February 2024 at 17:17.Rank Name Country Points Time Sandrine Tas 60 8:27.59 Ramona Härdi 43 8:27.77 Michelle Uhrig 24 8:27.83 4 Kaitlyn McGregor 14 8:28.32 5 Magdalena Czyszczoń 12 8:29.56 6 Zuzana Kuršová 4 8:30.34 7 Giorgia Birkeland 8:38.58 8 Irene Schouten 8:42.60 9 Valérie Maltais 8:43.36 10 Mia Manganello 8:44.03 11 Yang Binyu 8:44.03 12 Ivanie Blondin 8:49.34 13 Jin Wenjing 8:52.82 14 Olga Piotrowska 8:58.69 15 Marijke Groenewoud 8:17.40 15 Francesca Lollobrigida 8:17.49====Team sprint====The race started on 3 February 2024 at 16:30.Rank Pair Lane Country Time Diff 3 c Marrit FledderusNaomi VerkerkFemke Kok 1:27.09 4 s Andżelika WójcikIga WojtasikKarolina Bosiek 1:27.79 +0.70 1 c Inessa ShumekovaAlina DauranovaYekaterina Aydova 1:29.16 +2.07 4 3 s Lina ZhangPei ChongTian Ruining 1:30.36 +3.27 5 2 c McKenzie BrowneChrysta RandsGreta Myers 1:30.50 +3.41 6 1 s Park Chae-eunKim Min-jiKang Soomin 1:31.56 +4.47 7 4 c Josephine HeimerlAnna OstlenderMichelle Uhrig 1:32.25 +5.16 2 s Carolina HillerMaddison PearmanIvanie Blondin"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Mohammad Al Zaibak"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Mohammad Khair Al Zaibak''' (born August 9, 1951) is a Syrian-born Canadian entrepreneur, engineer, and politician who has served as a senator from Ontario since January 2024.Al Zaibak is based in Toronto.Originally from Syria, Al Zaibak is president and chief executive officer of Canadian Development and Marketing Corporation, a holding company with interests in the information technology industry.He was the co-founder and director of Teranet, a private company contracted by the government of Ontario to develop and manage the province's electronic land registration system.",
"He is also a co-founder of Lifeline Syria, which helps refugees from that country come to Canada.He has been on the board of governors of what is now Toronto Metropolitan University and on the board of trustees of the Royal Ontario Museum and the board of directors of Waterfront Toronto Corporation.Al Zaibak has a degree in telecommunications and electro-physics engineering from Alexandria University and is also a graduate of the Harvard School of Business Administration."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Mohammad Al Zaibak Senate of Canada"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Mary Robinson (Canadian politician)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Mary Robinson''' (born August 3, 1970) is a Canadian politician who has served as a senator from Prince Edward Island since January 2024.Robinson has experience in the agriculture sector.Robinson is vice-president of the World Farmers' Organisation and managing partner of the Robinsion Group of Companies, a sixth-genertion farm and agribusiness based in Albany, Prince Edward Island.",
"In 2019, she became the first Prince Edward Islander and the first woman to be elected president of the Canadian Federation of Agriculture."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Fukumoto Domain"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Fukumoto Domain''' was a domain located at Fukumoto Jinya in Jinto District, Harima Province (currently Fukumoto, Kamikawa Town, Kanzaki District, Hyogo Prefecture).",
"However, it existed for a very short time during the Edo period and the Meiji Restoration period, and during that time it was a chigyo area of the Ikeda clan (a formal hatamoto that carried out sankin-kotai).The Tottori Domain, had a very strong relationship with the Fukumoto Domain, and was in a branch position.",
"In 1870, it was absorbed into the Tottori Domain.Hoshu InarishaThe Residence site of Fukumoto DomainIkeda Norimasu, final daimyo of Fukumoto Domain"
],
[
"History",
"In 1640, Ikeda Terusumi (the fourth son of Ikeda Terumasa), the lord of the Yamazaki Domain with a land worth 68,000 koku, was accused of a disturbance in the clan, was fired, and was entrusted to his nephew Ikeda Mitsunaka , the lord of the Tottori Domain.",
"Since Terusumi was the grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu , he was given 10,000 koku of Kano by the Tottori Domain as compensation.",
"In 1662, Terumi's son Ikeda Masanao inherited 10,000 koku of Tannin.In 1663, Masanao was given an additional 10,000 koku in Harima Province (Jinto District, Jinzai District, and Innan District), and the Fukumoto Domain was established.In 1665, Masanao died without an heir.",
"His estate was divided and inherited by Masanao's younger brothers, Ikeda Masatake (7,000 koku) and Ikeda Masasai (3,000 koku), and became two hatamoto lords.",
"Of these, Masatake, who became the lord of 7,000 koku of Fukumoto, was given the status of kiyoraiai.",
"When Masatake died in 1687, it was divided between his heir Masamori (6,000 koku) and his second son Masachika (1,000 koku).",
"From then on, all three clan continued until the Meiji Restoration.The 7th daimyo, Ikeda Yoshimichi, opened a domain school called ''Keikeikan''.",
"In June 1868, the Tottori Domain was given 3,500 koku of rice stored in the Tottori domain, and the rice value was revised down to 10,573 koku, and it was once again ranked as a feudal lord and became a domain.",
"In 1869, the domain school was relocated and its name was changed to ''Jishukan''.In June 1870, the final daimyo Ikeda Norimasu became imperial governor of the Fukumoto Domain, but in October 1870 , the domain was annexed to the Tottori Domain due to financial difficulties, and the domain was abolished.In July 1884 , Norimasu was made a baron due to the enforcement of the Peerage Law, but he relinquished his title in 1894."
],
[
"Holdings at the end of the Edo period",
"*Harima Province**Inami District - 1 village**Shinto District - 10 villages**Jinzai District - 15 villages"
],
[
"List of daimyo",
": #Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank ''kokudaka'' 25px '''Ikeda clan,''' 1663 - 1871 (''Tozama daimyo'')1Ikeda Masanao (池田政直)1663–1665 ''Noto no kami'' (のと の髪) Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)10,000 ''koku''2Ikeda Masatake (池田政武)1665–1687 ''None'' (なし) Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)10,000 - > 7,000 ''koku''3Ikeda Masamori (池田政森)1687–1719 ''None'' (なし) Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)7,000 - > 6,000 ''koku''4Ikeda Yoshimochi (池田良持)1719–1772 ''Ise no kami'' (伊勢守) Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) 6,000 ''koku''5Ikeda Yoshige (池田喜重)1772–1813 ''Tajima no kami'' (但馬守) Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)6,000 ''koku''6Ikeda Yoshinaga (池田喜長)1813–1836 ''None'' (なし) Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)7,000 ''koku''7Ikeda Yoshimichi (池田喜通)1836–1868 ''None'' (なし) Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)7,000 - > 10,573 ''koku''8Ikeda Norimasu (池田憲益)1868–1871 ''Shogoi, Tajima no kami'' (正五位但馬守) Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)10,573 ''koku''"
],
[
"See also",
"*List of han*Abolition of the han system"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"1933 United States elections"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''1933 United States elections''' included:* Mayoral elections** 1933 Boston mayoral election** 1933 Cleveland mayoral election** 1933 Los Angeles mayoral election** 1933 Manchester, New Hampshire mayoral election** 1933 New York City mayoral election** 1933 Pittsburgh mayoral election* Council, aldermanic and borough elections** 1933 Chicago aldermanic election** 1933 New York City aldermanic election** 1933 New York City aldermanic presidential election** 1933 New York City borough president elections==See also== *1933 United States House of Representatives elections*1933 United States Senate elections*1933 United States gubernatorial elections"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Ground zither"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Two types of Vietnamese ground zither cái trống quânThe '''ground zither''' (also ) is a simple string instrument.",
"In one Vietnamese variant one may use a long bamboo stick resting its ends on the ends of two forked tree branches stuck in the ground.",
"In the middle of that bamboo stick, a rope this tied to a thin board covering the hole in the ground.In an African variant, ''guio môkoun'' instead of the horizontal bamboo stick a horizontal rope is stretched, and the vertical rope is tied not to the middle, but making a longer and shorter horizontal pieces.",
"The instrument is played by hitting horizontal pieces with the stick.",
"The longer piece gives low tone, while the short piece gives high tone.",
"''Guio môkoun'' also known as ''guio yebe'' is in fact translated as \"ground drum\" (guio = ground, môkoun (or yebe) = drum)."
],
[
"See also",
"*Ground bow"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Bente Kiilerich"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Bente Knold Kiilerich''' (born 31 January 1954) is a Danish-born Norwegian scholar of art history, in particular Hellenistic art, Roman art, Byzantine art, and modern reception of classical art.",
"She served as an active professor at the University of Bergen from 1995–2024 and is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters."
],
[
"Biography",
"Bente Kiilerich was born in Copenhagen, Denmark on 31 January 1954.She did her graduate studies at the University of Copenhagen, where she earned a MA in classical archeology in 1985 and a PhD in art history in 1993.Her book (\"Greek Sculpture: From Daedalic to Hellenistic\") went through 8 editions between 1989 and 2007.She was appointed a professor of art history at the University of Bergen in Bergen, Norway in 1995.She was elected to the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in 1998.She also served as president of the Norwegian branch of the International Association of Byzantine Studies.",
"Since 2021, she has been the Editor-in-Chief of CLARA: Classical Art and Archaeology, an open-access journal published by the University of Oslo.",
"In 1 February 2024, she took emeritus status with the University of Bergen."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Works on Cristin* Works on BibSys* Publications on academia.edu* ResearchGate profile"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"JA Grier"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''JA Grier''' (born 1968) is an American planetary scientist who works as a senior scientist and senior education and communication specialist at the Planetary Science Institute.",
"Grier's research has focused on the weathering of planets, moons, and asteroids, the age of impact ejecta on the lunar soil, the chemical composition of meteorites, and the existence of water on Mars.",
"They are also active in science education."
],
[
"Education and career",
"Grier completed a PhD in 1999 from the University of Arizona with a dissertation ''Determining the ages of impact events: Multidisciplinary studies using remote sensing and sample analysis techniques'' supervised by Alfred McEwen.",
"They started working for the Planetary Science Institute in 1999."
],
[
"Publications",
"Grier is a coauthor of books including:*''Guide to the Universe: Inner Planets'' (with Andrew S. Rivkin, Greenwood Publishing, 2010)*''Airless Bodies of the Inner Solar System: Understanding the Process Affecting Rocky, Airless Surfaces'' (with Andrew S. Rivkin, Elsevier, 2019)"
],
[
"Recognition",
"Grier was named a Fellow of the American Astronomical Society in 2024, \"for over two decades of commitment to advancing accessibility, inclusion, and diversity within the scientific community; and for important advances in planetary sciences, particularly in the area of lunar optical maturity effects\".Minor planet 7807 Grier is named for Grier."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Grier identifies as \"queer/trans/non-binary\".",
"They have published numerous poems, essays, and short works of speculative fiction, including some under the pseudonym Bryce Ellicott."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Home page and blog*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2024 PNVF Champions League for Men"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The men's division of the '''2024 PNVF Champions League''' began on February 11 to 17, 2024, at the Rizal Memorial Coliseum, Manila, Philippines.",
"This is the fourth edition of the PNVF tournament and its third edition as the PNVF Champions League.A total of eight teams competed for the championship title and divided into two pools.Cignal HD Spikers won their second title of tournament."
],
[
"Participating teams",
" Club Affiliation Coach Captain Benilde Blazers De La Salle–College of Saint Benilde Arnold Laniog Bryle Gomez Cignal HD Spikers Cignal TV Dexter Clamor John Paul Bugaoan D' Navigators Iloilo Iloilo City Boyet Delmoro John Michael Apolinario PGJC Philippine Navy Philippine Navy Cecille Cruzada Marvin Hairami Philippine Air Force Air Spikers Philippine Air Force Jhimson Merza Rodolfo Labrador Jr. Philippine Army Troopers Philippine Army Melvin Carolino Benjaylo Labide Savouge Spin Doctors Savouge Aesthetics Philippines Sabtbl Abdul VNS Asereht Griffins VNS Management Group Ralph Raymond Ocampo Ron Medalla"
],
[
"Pools composition",
"+Pool APool BBenilde Blazers D' Navigators Iloilo Cignal HD Spikers Philippine Air Force Air Spikers PGJC Philippine Navy Philippine Army Troopers Savouge Spin Doctors VNS Asereht Griffins"
],
[
"Format",
"The following format will be conducted for the entirety of the conference:;Preliminary Round# Single-round robin preliminaries; 8 teams; 2 pools; Teams are ranked using the FIVB Ranking System.# The top two teams in each pool will qualified for the final round;Semifinal (knockout stage)# SF1: A1 winner vs. B2 winner# SF2: B1 winner vs. A2 winner;Finals (knockout stage)# Bronze medal: SF1 Loser vs SF2 Loser# Gold medal: SF1 Winner vs SF2 Winner"
],
[
"Pool standing procedure",
"* First, teams are ranked by the number of matches won.",
"* If the number of matches won is tied, the tied teams are then ranked by match points, wherein:** Match won 3–0 or 3–1: 3 match points for the winner, 0 match points for the loser.",
"** Match won 3–2: 2 match points for the winner, 1 match point for the loser.",
"* In case of any further ties, the following criteria shall be used:# Set ratio: number of sets won divided by number of sets lost.# Setpoint ratio: number of points scored divided by number of points allowed.# Head-to-head standings: any remaining tied teams are ranked based on the results of head-to-head matches involving the teams in question."
],
[
"Venue",
"+ All matches Manila Rizal Memorial Coliseum Capacity: '''10,000''' 250px"
],
[
"Preliminary round",
"===Pool A======Pool B==="
],
[
"Classification round",
"* All times are Philippine Standard Time (UTC+8:00).",
"* All are (knockout stage).=== 5th–8th places ====== 7th place match ====== 5th place match ==="
],
[
"Final round",
"* All times are Philippine Standard Time (UTC+8:00).",
"* All are knockout stage.===Semifinals======Finals=======3rd place match========Championship match===="
],
[
"Final standing",
" Rank Team Cignal HD Spikers D' Navigators Iloilo Benilde Blazers 4 VNS Asereht Griffins 5 Savouge Spin Doctors 6 Philippine Army Troopers 7 PGJC Philippine Navy 8 Philippine Air Force Air Spikers"
],
[
"Awards and medalists",
"===Individual awards=== Award Player Team Most Valuable Player Joshua Umandal Cignal 1st Best Outside Spiker Joshua Umandal Cignal 2nd Best Outside Spiker Barbie San Andres D'Navigators 1st Best Middle Blocker Jayvee Sumagaysay D'Navigators 2nd Best Middle Blocker John Paul Bugaoan Cignal Best Opposite Spiker Kevin Montemayor VNS Best Setter EJ Casaña Cignal Best Libero Bryle Gomez Benilde"
],
[
"See also",
"* 2024 PNVF Champions League for Women"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"VU6067416"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''VU6067416''' is an indazole derivative which acts as an agonist for the 5-HT2 family of serotonin receptors.",
"It is a potent full agonist at 5-HT2B, and has slightly lower affinity and partial agonist effects at 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C, though some related compounds have improved selectivity for 5-HT2A."
],
[
"See also",
"* (R)-69* 6-APB* BW-723C86* VER-3323"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Selebi-Phikwe East"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Selebi-Phikwe East''' is a constituency in Selebi-Phikwe represented in the National Assembly of Botswana since 2019 by Kgoborego Nkawana a BCP MP."
],
[
"Constituency profile",
"The constituency was created alongside Selebi-Phikwe West in 2002 for the 2004 election, when the Selebi-Phikwe constituency was divided into two.",
"Nonofo Molefhi from the BDP won the constituency in 2004, 2009 and 2014, mostly due to the division of opposition votes between the BCP and the BNF (later the UDC).",
"In 2019, after the BCP joined the UDC, its candidate Kgoborego Nkawana won the constituency.",
"The constituency is completely urban and encompasses only the eastern part of the Selibe Phikwe Township."
],
[
"Members of Parliament",
"'''Key:''' Election Winner Nonofo Molefhi Kgoborego Nkawana"
],
[
"Election results",
"===2019 election======2014 election======2009 election======2004 election==="
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"List of Cunard Line ships"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The following is a list of ships operated by the Cunard Line."
],
[
"Fleet",
"===Current fleet===ShipBuiltIn serviceTypeGross tonnageFlagNotesImage20032004–presentOcean linerIn service200px20072007–presentCruise shipIn service200px20102010–presentCruise shipIn service200px===Future fleet=== Ship Built In service Type Gross tonnage Notes Image''Queen Anne'' Early 2024 May 2024 Cruise ship Construction at Fincantieri S.p.A., Italy;started on 11 October 2019.===Former fleet===The Cunard fleet, all built for Cunard unless otherwise indicated, consisted of the following ships in order of acquisition:====1840–1850====All ships of this period had wooden hulls and paddle wheels.",
"Ship Built In service for Cunard Type GRT NotesImage 1836 1840–1845 Express 650 Coastal steamer purchased for Montreal service, sold 1846200x200px ''Britannia'' 1840 1840–1849 Express 1,150 Eastbound record holder, sold to North German Navy 1849200x200px ''Acadia'' 1840 1840–1849 Express 1,150 Sold to North German Navy 1849 SS Acadia ''Caledonia'' 1840 1840–1850 Express 1,138 Sold to Spanish Navy 1850 SS Caledonia''Columbia'' 1841 1840–1843 Express 1,150 Blue Riband, wrecked 1843 without loss of life200x200px ''Hibernia'' 1843 1843–1850 Express 1,422 Eastbound record holder, sold to Spanish Navy 1850200x200px''Cambria'' 1845 1844–1860 Express 1,423 Blue Riband, sold to Italian owners 1860 SS Cambria ''Margaret'' 1839 1842–1872 Express 750 Bought from G & J Burns.",
"Sold in 1856 for use as a coal hulk.",
"''America'' 1848 1848–1866 Express 1,826 Blue Riband, sold 1863 and converted to sail, scrapped 1875200x200px ''Niagara'' 1848 1848–1866 Express 1,824 Sold 1866 and converted to sail, wrecked 1875 SS Niagara 1848 1848–1902 Tender 175 Scrapped in 1902 SS Satellite ''Europa'' 1848 1848–1866 Express 1,834 Blue Riband, sold 1867200x200px ''Canada'' 1848 1848–1867 Express 1,831 Eastbound record holder, sold 1866 and converted to sail, scrapped 1883 ''Asia'' 1850 1850–1867 Express 2,250 Blue Riband, sold 1868, scrapped 1883200x200px ''Africa'' 1850 1850–1868 Express 2,250 Sold 1868 SS Afrcia====1850–1869====Only ''Arabia'' had a wooden hull and only ''Arabia'', ''Persia'', ''Shamrock'', ''Jackal'' and ''Scotia'' had paddle wheels.",
"Ship Built In service for Cunard Type GRT NotesImage ''Shamrock'' 1847 1851–1854 Intermediate 714 Sold in 1854 SS Shamrock ''Arabia'' 1852 1852–1864 Express 2,400 Sold 1864 and converted to sail, sank 1868200x200px ''Andes'' 1852 1852–1859 Intermediate 1,400 Sold to Spanish Government 1859 SS Andes ''Alps'' 1852 1852–1859 Intermediate 1,400 Sold to Spanish Government 1859 ''Karnak'' 1853 1853–1862 Intermediate 1,116 Wrecked 1862 ''Melita'' 1853 1853–1861 Intermediate 1,254 Sold 1855 ''Jackal'' 1853 1853–1893 Tender 180 Scrapped in the 1890s SS Jackal ''Delta'' 1853 1854–1899 Intermediate 645 Sold ''Curlew'' 1853 1853–1856 Intermediate 523 Wrecked 1856 ''Jura'' 1854 1854–1861 Intermediate 2,200 Sold to Allan Line 1860, wrecked off Liverpool 1864 ''Etna'' 1855 1855–1860 Intermediate 2,200 Sold to Inman Line 1860, scrapped 1896 ''Emeu'' 1854 1854-1858 Intermediate 1,538 Purchased from Australasian Pacific Mail in 1855.Chartered in 1857 to European & Australasian Pacific Mail, then sold to P&O in 1858.Troop transport in the Crimean War.",
"1856 1856–1868 Express 3,300 Blue Riband, taken out of service 1868 and scrapped 1872200x200px ''Stromboli'' 1856 1859–1878 Intermediate 734 Wrecked 1878 ''Italian'' 1855 1855–1864 Intermediate 784 Sold 1864 ''Lebanon'' 1854 1855–1859 Intermediate 1,000 Sold 1870 ''Palestine'' 1858 1858–1870 Intermediate 1,000 Sold 1870 ''Australasian'' ''Calabria'' 1857 1859–1876 Intermediate 2,700 Built for other owners, sold 1876, scrapped 1898 ''Atlas'' 1860 1860–1896 Intermediate 2,393 Lengthened and re-engined in 1873, scrapped 1896 ''Damascus'' 1860 1856-1860 Intermediate 1,213 Sold 1881 ''Kedar'' 1860 1860–1897 Intermediate 1,783 Scrapped 1897 ''Balbec'' 1852 1853–1884 Intermediate 1,783 Scrapped 1884 ''Marathon'' 1860 1860–1898 Intermediate 2,403 scrapped 1898 ''Morocco'' 1861 1861–1896 Intermediate 1,855 Scrapped 1896 ''China'' 1862 1862–1880 Intermediate 2,638 Sold to Spanish Government 1880 ''British Queen'' 1849 1852–1898 Intermediate 772 Scrapped 1898 1862 1862–1878 Express 3,850 Blue Riband, sold 1878 and converted to cable layer.",
"Wrecked 1904200x200px ''Hecla'' 1863 1860–1881 Intermediate 1,785 Sold 1881 RMS Hecla ''Alpha'' 1863 1863–1869 Intermediate 653 Sold 1869 ''Sidon'' 1863 1861–1885 Intermediate 1,872 wrecked 1885 ''Corscia'' 1863 1863–1867 Intermediate 1,134 Sold 1868 ''Olympus'' 1863 1860–1881 Intermediate 1,794 Sold 1881 ''Tripoli'' 1863 1863–1872 Intermediate 2,057 Wrecked on Tuskar Rock, Wexford 1872 ''Cuba'' 1864 1864–1876 Express 2,700 Sold 1876 and converted to sail, wrecked 1887 1865 1865–1909 Intermediate 2,056 Scrapped 1909 SS Aleppo 1865 1865–1877 Express 2,700 Sold 1878 to Red Star Line, and renamed ''Zeeland'', lost at sea 1895200px '' Palmyra '' 1866 1866–1896 Intermediate 2,044 Scrapped 1896 '' Malta '' 1866 1865–1889 Intermediate 2,132 Wrecked 1899 1867 1867–1879 Express 2,950 Sold to Red Star Line 1880 and renamed ''Waesland''.",
"Resold and renamed ''Philadelphia'', sank after a collision 1902200x200px ''Siberia'' 1867 1867–1880 Intermediate 2,550 Sold to Spanish owners 1880, renamed ''Manila'', wrecked 1882 ''Samaria'' 1868 1868–1902 Intermediate 2,550 Sold 1892====1869–1901====Ship Built In service for Cunard Type GRT NotesImage ''Batavia'' 1870 1870–1888 Intermediate 2,550 Traded in for ''Oregon'' 1884, scrapped 1924 SS Batavia 1870 1870–1880 Express 3,250 Sold to Guion Line 1880, destroyed by fire at sea 1891200x200px ''Algeria'' 1870 1870–1881 Express 3,250 Sold to Red Star Line 1881, scrapped 1903 SS Algeria 1870 1870–1884 Intermediate 3,150 Traded in for ''Oregon'' 1884, scrapped 1956200x200px ''Beta'' 1873 1874–1888 intermediate 1,070 Sold 1889 1874 1874–1899 Express 4,550 Sold 1896, scrapped 1899200x200px ''Saragossa'' 1874 1874–1909 Intermediate 2,263 Sold 1880, scrapped 1909 SS Saragossa ''Nantes'' 1874 1873–1888 Intermediate 1,473 Sank in 1886 ''Brest'' 1874 1874–1879 Intermediate 1,472 Wrecked in 1879 ''Cherbourg'' 1875 1875–1909 intermediate 1,614 Scrapped 1909 SS Cherbourg 1875 1875–1899 Express 4,550 Sold for scrap 1898 SS Scythia (1) 1879 1879–1897 Express 4,550 Sold to Beaver Line 1897, scrapped 1900 RMS Gallia underway ''Otter'' 1880 1880–1920 Tender 287 Sold 1920 SS Otter 1881 1881–1901 Intermediate 4,850 Requisitioned for use in the Second Boer War, scrapped 1901200x200px ''Cephalonia'' 1882 1882–1900 Intermediate 5,500 Sold to Russian Navy 1900, sunk Port Arthur 1904 during the Russo-Japanese War SS Cephalonia ''Pavonia'' 1882 1882–1900 Intermediate 5,500 Sold and scrapped 1900 SS Pavonia 1881 1881–1902 Express 7,400 First Cunarder with a steel hull and electric lights, scrapped 1902200x200px 1883 1883–1905 Express 7,250 Sold and scrapped 1905200x200px 1883 1884–1886 Express 7,400 Blue Riband, built for Guion Line, purchased by Cunard 1884, sank 1886 without loss of life200x200px 1884 1884–1910 Express 7,700 Blue Riband, with ''Etruria'' one of the two last Cunarders to carry sails, scrapped 1910200x200px 1884 1885–1909 Express 7,700 Blue Riband, with ''Umbria'' one of the two last Cunarders to carry sails, scrapped 1910200x200px ''Skirmisher'' 1884 1884–1945 Tender 612 Scrapped in 1947 SS Skirmisher 1893 1893–1914 Express 12,900 Blue Riband, sold to Royal Navy 1914 and converted to aircraft carrier HMS ''Campania'', sank 1918200x200px 1893 1893–1909 Express 12,900 Blue Riband, scrapped after fire 1909200x200px '' Sylvania '' 1895 1895–1910 Cargo ship 5,598 sold in 1910 SS Sylvania '' Carinthia '' 1895 1895–1900 Cargo ship 5,598 Used as a troop transport in the Boer War.",
"Wrecked off Haiti in 1900 SS Carinthia (1) '' Pavia '' 1897 1897–1928 Cargo ship 2,945 scrapped in 1928 SS Pavia '' Tyria '' 1897 1897–1928 Cargo ship 2,936 sold in 1928 SS Tyria '' Cypria '' 1898 1898–1928 Cargo ship 2,396 scrapped in 1928 '' Veria '' 1899 1899–1915 Cargo ship 3,229 sunk by a torpedo 1915 SS Veria 1899 1898–1917 Intermediate 10,400 Sunk by 1917200x200px 1900 1900–1917 Intermediate 14,250 Sunk by 1917200x200px 1900 1900–1925 Intermediate 14,250 Scrapped 1925200x200px====1901–1918====Ship Built In service for Cunard Type GRT Notes Image '' Brescia '' 1903 1903–1931 Cargo ship 3,225 Sold in 1931.SS Brescia 1903 1903–1918 Intermediate 13,600 Rescued survivors from , later sunk by 1918.200px 1903 1903–1909 Intermediate 10,606 Wrecked 1909.200px 1903 1903–1914 Intermediate 9,851 Chartered by Anchor Line 1914 for 4 trips, scrapped 1922.SS Pannonia 1902 1905 1905–1932 Intermediate 19,650 Scrapped 1932.200px 1905 1905–1932 Intermediate 19,650 Scrapped 1932.200px 1907 1907–1915 Express 31,550 Blue Riband, sunk by 1915.200px 1907 1907–1934 Express 31,938 Blue Riband, scrapped 1934.200px '' Lycia '' 1896 1909–1917 Cargo ship 2,715 Captured by and sunk by bombs 1917 '' Phrygia '' 1900 1909–1928 Cargo ship 3,352 Sold 1928 '' Thracia '' 1895 1909–1917 Cargo ship 2,891 Sunk by 1917 SS Thracia 1911 1911–1916 Intermediate 18,100 Sunk by 1916 200px 1900 1911–1912 Intermediate 7,650 Built for Thompson Line, purchased by Cunard 1911, sold to Bank Line 1912, scrapped 1930 200px ''Ausonia'' 1909 1911–1918 Intermediate 7,907 Ex-''Tortona'' built for Thompson Line, purchased by Cunard 1911, sunk by 30 May 1918.Ausonia (1) ''Ascania'' 1911 1911–1918 Intermediate 9,100 Wrecked 1918 Ascania (1) '' Caria '' 1900 1911–1915 Cargo ship 3,023 Sunk by U boat in 1915 1912 1912–1917 Intermediate 18,100 Sunk by 1917 200px 1913 1913–1918 Intermediate 13,400 Sunk by 1918 200px 1913 1913–1916 Intermediate 13,400 Sunk by mine 1916 200px 1914 1914–1950 Express 45,647 Served in both world wars, longest serving Cunard liner until ''Scythia'' in 1956, scrapped 1950 200px 1914 1914–1921 Intermediate 15,700 Built for PSN Co, acquired by Cunard 1914, returned to PSN 1921, scrapped 1951 200px '' Volodia '' 1913 1915–1917 Cargo ship 5,689 Sunk 1917 '' Vandalia '' 1912 1915–1918 Cargo ship 7,334 Sunk by U boat 1918 SS Vandalia '' Vinovia '' 1906 1915–1917 Cargo ship 7,046 Sunk by U boat 1917 1916 1916–1918 Intermediate 13,400 Sunk by 1918 RMS Aurania (1916) '' Valacia '' 1916 1916–1933 Cargo ship 6,526 Scrapped 1932 SS Valacia Royal George 1907 1916–1920 Intermediate 11,142 Ex ''Heliopolis'' Served on the Liverpool to New York route.",
"Scrapped 1922.Royal George Justicia 1917 Never operated Intermediate 32,120 Acquired from the Holland America Line but never operated for Cunard due to a crew shortage, and was handed over to the White Star Line.",
"200x200px ''Feltria'' 1891 1916–1917 Intermediate 2,254 Sunk by UC-48 SS Feltria ''Flavia'' 1902 1916–1918 Intermediate 9,285 Sunk by U-107 SS Flavia ''Folia'' 1907 1916–1917 Intermediate 6,560 Sunk by U-53 SS Folia====1918–1934====Ship Built In service for Cunard Type GRT Notes Image '' Virgilia '' 1918 1919–1925 Cargo ship 5,697 Sold 1925.SS Virgilia '' Vindelia '' 1918 1919-1919 Cargo ship 4,430 Sold to Anchor Line 1919.''",
"Verentia '' 1918 1919-1919 Cargo ship 4,430 Sold to Anchor Line 1919.SS Verentia '' Vitellia '' 1918 1919–1926 Cargo ship 5,185 Sold 1926.SS Vitellia '' Vaurdulia '' 1917 1919–1926 Cargo ship 5,691 Sold 1929.SS Vaurdulia '' Verbania '' 1918 1919–1926 Cargo ship 5,021 Sold 1926.SS Verbania '' Vennonia '' 1918 1919–1923 Cargo ship 4,430 Sold 1923.SS Vennonia '' Vasconia '' 1918 1919–1927 Cargo ship 5,680 Sold to Japan 1927.SS Vasconia '' Venusia '' 1918 1919–1926 Cargo ship 5,223 Sold 1923.SS Venusia 1912 1919–1922 Intermediate 10,660 Chartered from Lamport & Holt Line for six voyages, scrapped 1932.SS Vauban 1912 1912 1919–1922 Intermediate 10,494 Chartered from Lamport & Holt Line for six voyages, Wrecked in 1928.200px 1908 1919–1921 Intermediate 8,401 Chartered from Lamport & Holt Line for seven voyages SS Vasari '' Vellavia '' 1918 1919–1925 Cargo ship 5,272 Sold 1925 SS Vellavia 1920 1920–1930 Intermediate 12,750 Sold to Libera Triestina 1930 and renamed ''California'', sunk by Fleet Air Arm Swordfish 200px ''Satellite'' 1896 1920–1924 Tender 333 Scrapped in 1924 SS Satellite (2) 1913 1921–1938 Express 52,117 Built by Hapag as ''Imperator'', purchased by Cunard 1921, sold for scrap 1938 200px 1921 1921–1958 Intermediate 19,700 Longest serving liner until ''QE2'' in 2005, scrapped 1958 200px 1921 1921–1924 Intermediate 16,365 Chartered from the Anchor Line 200px ''Emperor Of India'' 1914 1921-1921 Intermediate 11,430 Chartered from P&O for one voyage.",
"RMS Kaisar-I-Hind ''Empress Of India'' 1907 1921-1921 Intermediate 16,992 Chartered from Canadian and Pacific line for two voyages.",
"ID4063 USS Prinz Friedrich Wilhelm 1921 1921–1940 Intermediate 13,900 Sunk by 1940 200px 1922 1922–1955 Intermediate 19,700 Scrapped 1955 200px 1921 1922–1922 Intermediate 13,234 Chartered from Lamport Holt line for 1 voyage SS Vandyck 1922 1922–1942 Intermediate 19,700 Sunk by 1942 200px ''Sauturnia'' 1910 1922–1924 Cargo liner 8,611 Chartered from Donaldson Line SS Saturnia 1922 1922–1942 Intermediate 13,900 Sold to Admiralty 1942, scrapped 1948 200px 1922 1922–1942 Intermediate 13,900 Sold to Admiralty 1942, scrapped 1965 200px 1922 1922–1940 Intermediate 16,250 Built as ''Tyrrhenia'', sunk by bombing 1940 200px 1923 1923–1935 Intermediate 13,465 Transferred to Anchor Donaldson, sunk by 1939 200px ''Lotharingia'' 1923 1923–1933 Tender 1,256 Sold in 1933 SS Lotharingia ''Alsatia'' 1923 1923–1933 Tender 1,310 Sold in 1933 SS Alsatia 1923 1923–1956 Intermediate 20,200 Scrapped 1956 200px 1924 1924–1942 Intermediate 14,000 Sold to Admiralty 1942, scrapped 1961 200px ''Cassandra'' 1924 1924–1929 Cargo liner 8,135 Chartered from Donaldson Line, sold 1929, scrapped 1934 SS Cassandra 1925 1925–1940 Ocean liner 20,200 Sunk by 1940 200px 1925 1925–1935 Intermediate 13,475 Transferred to Anchor Donaldson 1935 200px 1925 1925–1956 Intermediate 14,000 Scrapped 1956 RMS Ausonia (2) 1925 1925–1944 Intermediate 14,000 Sold to Admiralty 1944, scrapped 1957.RMS Alaunia ''Bantria'' 1928 1928-1954 Cargo ship 2,402 Sold to Costa Line 1954 and renamed ''Giorgina Celli''.",
"SS Bantria ''Tuscania'' 1921 1926–1931 Intermediate 16,991 Chartered from the Anchor Line.",
"SS Tuscania ''Bactria'' 1928 1928–1954 Cargo ship 2,407 Sold to Costa Rica 1954 and renamed ''Theo''.",
"SS Bactria ''Bothnia'' 1928 1928–1955 Cargo ship 2,402 Sold to Panama 1955 and renamed ''Emily''.",
"SS Bothnia (2) ''Bosnia'' 1928 1928–1939 Cargo ship 2,402 Sunk by 1939.SS Bosnia====1934–1949====See also: White Star Line's ''Olympic'', ''Homeric'', ''Majestic'', ''Doric'', and ''Laurentic''.Ship Built In service for Cunard Type GRT Notes Image 1936 1936–1967 Express 80,774(1936)81,237(1947) WWII troopship 1940–1945; Blue Riband, sold 1967, now a stationary hotel ship 200px 1939 1939–1965 Express 35,738 WWII troopship 1940–1945; scrapped by 1966 200px 1940 1946–1968 Express 83,673 WWII troopship 1940–1945, sold to The Queen Corporation in 1968, renamed ''Elizabeth''; auctioned off to Tung Chao Yung in 1970, refitted as a floating university, renamed ''Seawise University'', destroyed by fire in 1972; partially scrapped 1974–1975 200px ''Valacia'' 1943 1946–1950 Cargo ship 7,052 Sold to Bristol city line 1950 SS Valacia (2) ''Vasconia'' 1944 1946–1950 Cargo ship 7,058 Sold to Blue star line 1950 SS Vasconia (2) 1947 1947–1961 Passenger-cargo liner 13,350 Sold to Cogedar Line 1961, refitted as an ocean liner, renamed ''Flavia''; sold to Virtue Shipping Company in 1969, renamed ''Flavian''; sold to Panama, renamed ''Lavia'' in 1982, caught fire and sank in 1989 in Hong Kong Harbour during refitting and was scrapped afterwards in Taiwan 200px ''Asia'' 1947 1947–1963 Cargo ship 8,723 Sold to Taiwan 1963 and renamed Shirley SS Asia (2) ''Brescia'' 1945 1947–1966 Cargo ship 3,834 Ex Hickory Isle Purchased from MOWT 1947 sold to Panama 1966 and renamed Timber One SS Brescia (2) 1947 1947–1961 Passenger-cargo liner 13,350 Sold to P&O 1961, renamed ''Remuera''; transferred to P&O's Eastern and Australian Steamship Company in 1964, refitted as a cruise ship, renamed'' Aramac''; scrapped in Taiwan by 1970 200px 1930 1949–1960 Intermediate 26,943(1930)27,666(1947) Built for White Star Line, scrapped 1960 200px 1931 1949–1956 Intermediate 27,759 Built for White Star Line, scrapped 1956 200px 1949 1949–1968 Cruise ship 34,183 Sold to Star Shipping 1968, renamed ''Columbia''; renamed ''Caribia'' in 1969; wrecked 1974 at Apra Harbor, Guam and broke up while being towed to Taiwan to be scrapped 200px====1949–1968====Ship Built In service for Cunard Type GRT Notes Image ''Assyria'' 1950 1950–1963 Cargo ship 8663 Sold to Greece as ''Laertis'' ''Alsatia'' 1948 1951–1963 Cargo ship 7226 1951 ex ''Silverplane'' purchased from Silver Line, 1963 sold to Taiwan, renamed ''Union Freedom'' ''Andria'' 1948 1951–1963 Cargo ship 7228 1951 ex ''Silverbriar'' purchased from Silver Line, 1963 sold to Taiwan, renamed ''Union Faith''.",
"Sank on 6 April 1969 after a collision and fire.",
"''Pavia'' 1953 1953–1965 Cargo ship 3,411 Sold to Greece as Toula N 1965 ''Lycia'' 1954 1954–1965 Cargo ship 3,543 Served on Great Lakes trade in 1964.Sold to Greece a year later and renamed ''Flora N'' 1954 1954–19621962–1973 Canadian serviceCruise ship 21,63721,370 Refitted as cruise ship in 1962, renamed ''Carmania''; sold to the Black Sea Shipping Company, Soviet Union 1973, renamed ''Leonid Sobinov'', scrapped 1999 200px ''Phrygia'' 1955 1955–1965 Cargo ship 3,534 Served on Cunard Great Lakes route in 1964.Sold to Panama a year later and renamed ''Dimitris N'' 1955 1955–19631963–1973 Canadian serviceCruise ship 21,800 Refitted as cruise ship in 1963, renamed ''Franconia''; sold to the Far Eastern Shipping Company, Soviet Union 1973, renamed ''Fedor Shalypin''; transferred to the Black Sea Shipping Company in 1980; transferred to the Odessa Cruise Company in 1992; scrapped 2004 200px 1956 1956–1968 Canadian service 21,800 Sold to Sitmar Line 1968, refitted as a full-time cruise ship, renamed ''Fairsea''; transferred to Princess Cruises, renamed ''Fair Princess'' in 1988 when Sitmar was sold to P&O; transferred to P&O Cruises Australia in 1996; sold to China Sea Cruises in 2000, renamed ''China Sea Discovery''; scrapped 2005 or 2006 200px 1957 1957–1968 Canadian service 21,800 Sold to Sitmar Line 1968, renamed ''Fairwind'', renamed ''Sitmar Fairland'' in 1988; transferred to Princess Cruises, renamed ''Dawn Princess''; sold to V-Ships in 1993, renamed ''Albatros''; sold to the Alang, India scrapyard, renamed ''Genoa'' and scrapped 2004 200px ''Andania'' 1959 1959–1969 Cargo liner 7,004 Sold to Brocklebank Line in 1969 ''Alaunia'' 1960 1960–1969 Cargo liner 7,004 Sold to Brocklebank Line in 1969 ''Arabia'' 1955 1967–1969 Cargo liner 3,803 Ex-''Castilian'' chartered from Ellerman Lines ''Nordia'' 1961 1961–1963 Cargo ship 4,560 sold 1963 ''Media'' 1963 1963–1971 Cargo ship 5,586 Sold 1971 to Western Australian Coastal Shipping Commission renamed ''Beroona'' ''Parthia'' 1963 1963–1971 Cargo ship 5,586 Sold 1971 to Western Australian Coastal Shipping Commission renamed ''Wambiri'' ''Saxonia'' 1963 1963–1970 Cargo ship 5,586 Sold to Brocklabank Line renamed ''Maharonda'' ''Sarmania'' 1964 1964–1969 Cargo ship 5,837 Sold 1969 to T & J. Harrison, Liverpool renamed ''Scholar'' ''Scythia'' 1964 1964–1969 Cargo ship 5,837 Sold 1969 to T & J. Harrison, Liverpool renamed ''Merchant'' ''Ivernia'' 1964 1964–1970 Cargo ship 5,586 Sold 1970 to Brocklebank Line renamed ''Manipur'' ''Scotia'' 1966 1966–1970 Cargo ship 5,837 Sold 1970 to Singapore renamed ''Neptune Amber'' SS Scotia (2)====1968–1999==== Ship Built In service for Cunard Type GRT/GT Notes Image ''Queen Elizabeth 2'' 1969 1969–2008 Ocean Liner 70,327 Sold 2008, longest serving Cunarder in history; operating as a floating hotel in Dubai since April 2018 200px 1969 1970–1986 Container ship 14,950 Scrapped in 1986 1970 1970–1982 Container ship 14,946 Sunk in Falklands War 1982 200px ''Cunard Adventurer'' 1971 1971–1977 Cruise ship 14,150 Sold to Norwegian Cruise Line 1977, renamed ''Sunward II'', renamed ''Triton'' in 1991; auctioned in 2004 to Louis Cruises and renamed ''Coral''; sold to a Turkish scrapping company and then to the Alang, India shipbreaking yard and scrapped in 2014 200px ''Cunard Campaigner'' 1971 1971–1974 Bulk carrier 15,498 Sold to the Great Eastern Shipping Co in 1974 and renamed ''Jag Shakti''.",
"Scrapped at Alang, India in 1997 ''Cunard Caravel'' 1971 1971–1974 Bulk carrier 15,498 Sold to the Great Eastern Shipping Co in 1974 and renamed ''Jag Shanti''.",
"Scrapped at Alang, India in 1997 ''Cunard Carronade'' 1971 1971–1978 Bulk carrier 15,498 Sold to Olympic Maritime in 1978.and renamed ''Olympic History''.",
"''Cunard Calamanda'' 1972 1972–1978 Bulk carrier 15,498 Sold in 1978 and renamed ''Ionian Carrier''.",
"Cunard Calamanda 1972 1972–1974 Cruise ship 14,150 Sold after fire 1974 to C. Clausen, refitted as sheep carrier ''Linda Clausen''; sold to Lembu Shipping Corporation and renamed ''Procyon'', caught fire a second time in 1981 in Singapore but was repaired; sold to Qatar Transport and Marine Services; sold to Taiwanese ship breakers and scrapped in 1984 following a 1983 fire 200px ''Cunard Carrier'' 1973 1973– Bulk carrier 15,498 Sold to Silverdale Ltd and renamed ''Aeneas''.",
"Cunard carrier ''Cunard Cavalier'' 1973 1973–1978 Bulk carrier 15,498 Sold to Olympic Maritime in 1978 and renamed ''Olympic Harmony''.",
"Wrecked at Port Muhammad in 1990 and scrapped at Alang in 1992.",
"''Cunard Chietain'' 1973 1973– Bulk carrier 15,498 Sold to Superblue and renamed ''Chieftain''.",
"Resold to Great City Navigation in 1981 and renamed ''Great City''.",
"Cunard chietain ''Cunard Countess'' 1975 1976–1996 Cruise ship 17,500 Sold to Awani Cruise Line 1996, renamed ''Awani Dream II''; transferred to Royal Olympic Cruises 1998, renamed ''Olympic Countess''; sold to Majestic International Cruises 2004, renamed ''Ocean Countess'', chartered to Louis Cruise Lines as ''Ruby'' during 2007; retired in 2012; caught fire in 2013 at Chalkis, Greece while laid up; sold to a Turkish scrapyard and scrapped in 2014 200px ''Cunard Princess'' 1975 1977–1995 Cruise ship 17,500 Charted to StarLauro Cruises in 1995; sold to MSC Cruises in 1995, renamed ''Rhapsody''; sold to Mano Maritime in 2009 and renamed ''Golden Iris.''",
"Scrapped July 2022 at Aliaga, Turkey.",
"200px ''Sarmania'' 1973 1976–1986 Reefer 8,557 Ex- ''Chrysantema'', 1976 purchased from Paravon Shipping, Glasgow, 1986 sold to Greece renamed ''Capricorn''.",
"Scrapped at Alang, India in 1997 ''Alastia'' 1973 1976–1981 Reefer 7,722 1972\tEx- ''Edinburgh Clipper'', 1976 purchased from Maritime Fruit Carriers Corp., renamed Alsatia, 1981 sold to Restis Group renamed ''America Freezer'' Alsatia (3) ''Andania'' 1972 1976–1981 Reefer 7,689 Ex-Glasgow Clipper, 1976 purchased from Souvertur Shipping, Glasgow renamed Andania, 1981 sold to Restis Group renamed ''Europa Freezer''.",
"Scrapped at Alang, India in 1995 Andania (4) ''Saxonia'' 1973 1976–1986 Reefer 8,547 Ex- ''Gladiola'', 1976 purchased from Adelaide Shipping, Glasgow, 1986 sold to Tondo Shipping Corp renamed ''Carina'' Saxonia 1973 ''Andria'' 1972 1976–1981 Reefer 7,722 Ex- ''Teesside Clipper'', 1976 purchased from Maritime Island Fruit Reefers Ltd, renamed Andria, 1981 sold to Restis Group renamed ''Australia Freezer'' Andria 1972 ''Carmania'' 1972 1976–1986 Reefer 7,323 Ex- ''Orange'', 1976 purchased from Chichester Shipping, Glasgow renamed Carmania, 1986 sold to Greece renamed Perseus Carmania 1972 ''Scythia'' 1972 1976–1986 Reefer 8,557 Ex- ''Iris Queen'', 1976 purchased from Adelaide Shipping, Glasgow, 1986 sold to Greece renamed ''Centaurus''.",
"Destroyed by fire in 1989 Scythia (3) ''England'' 1964 1982–1986 Ferry 8,116 1982 purchased from DFDS, 1986 left for Jeddah as accommodation ship renamed ''America XIII''.",
"Sank in the Red Sea en route to Alang, India for scrapping in 1989 MV England 1965 1983–1997 Ocean Liner 24,500 Built for Norwegian America Line; chartered to Transocean Tours as ''Gripsholm'' during 1996–1997; sold to Saga Cruises 1997 and renamed ''Saga Rose''; retired in 2009, sold to a Chinese ship recycling yard and scrapped 2011–2012 200px 1973 1983–19991999–2004 Cruise ship 24,300 built for Norwegian America Line; operated under Norwegian America Line from 1973 to 1983, and under Cunard from 1983 to 2004, renamed ''Caronia'' in 1999; sold to Saga Cruises 2004 and renamed ''Saga Ruby''; retired in 2014, sold to Millennium View Ltd. in 2014, renamed ''Oasia'' and planned to be refitted as a floating hotel ship in Myanmar, but this never happened; towed to the Alang shipbreaking yard and scrapped in 2017 200px ''Atlantic Star'' 1967 1983–1987 Container ship 15,055 Transferred from Holland America Line ''Atlantic Conveyor'' 1985 Container ship 58,438 Transferred to Atlantic Container Line 200px ''Sea Goddess I'' 1984 1986–1998 Cruise ship 4,333 Built for Sea Goddess Cruises; transferred to Cunard in 1986; transferred to Seabourn Cruise Line 1998 and renamed ''Seabourn Goddess I''; sold to SeaDream Yacht Club in 2001 and renamed ''SeaDream I'' 200px ''Sea Goddess II'' 1985 1986–1998 Cruise ship 4,333 Built for Sea Goddess Cruises, transferred to Cunard in 1986; transferred to Seabourn Cruise Line 1998 and renamed ''Seabourn Goddess II''; sold to SeaDream Yacht Club in 2001 and renamed ''SeaDream II'' 200px 1990 1993–1994 Cruise ship 15,271 Built for Crown Cruise Line, transferred to Crown Cruise Line 1994 200px 1992 1993–1995 Cruise ship 19,089 Built for Crown Cruise Line, transferred to Star Cruises 1995 200px 1993 1993–1997 Cruise ship 19,089 Built for Crown Cruise Line, transferred to Majesty Cruise Line 1997 200px 1988 1994–1999 Cruise ship 37,850 Built for Royal Viking Line, transferred to Seabourn Cruise Line 1999 200px"
],
[
"See also",
"* List of White Star Line ships"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2010 Asia Pacific Women's Sevens Championship"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2010 Asia Pacific Women’s Sevens Championship''' was held at Kota Kinabalu in Malaysia from 29 to 31 October 2010.Kazakhstan won the tournament after beating Papua New Guinea in the Cup final."
],
[
"Teams",
"Seven teams competed at the tournament:"
],
[
"Pool Stage",
"=== Group A === Nation Won Drawn Lost For Against 2 0 0 53 0 1 0 1 25 24 0 0 2 0 54=== Group B === Nation Won Drawn Lost For Against 3 0 0 74 10 1 0 2 56 19 1 0 2 14 39 1 0 2 10 86Source:"
],
[
"Classification Stage",
"=== Cup Quarter finals ====== Plate semifinals ==="
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"1959 United States elections"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''1959 United States elections''' included:* Congressional elections** 1959 United States Senate elections in Hawaii** 1959 Iowa's 4th congressional district special election** 1959 Missouri's 4th congressional district special election** 1959 New York's 43rd congressional district special election* Gubernatorial elections** 1959 Hawaii gubernatorial election** 1959 Kentucky gubernatorial election** 1959-60 Louisiana gubernatorial election** 1959 Mississippi gubernatorial election* State elections** 1959 New Jersey Senate election** 1959 New York state election* Mayoral elections** 1959 Baltimore mayoral election** 1959 Boston mayoral election** 1959 Chicago mayoral election** 1959 Cleveland mayoral election** 1959 Evansville, Indiana, mayoral election** 1959 Indianapolis mayoral election ** 1959 Manchester, New Hampshire mayoral election** 1959 Philadelphia mayoral election*** 1959 Pittsburgh mayoral special election** 1959 San Francisco mayoral election** 1959 Springfield, Massachusetts mayoral election* Council, aldermanic, municipal and borough elections** 1959 Philadelphia municipal election==See also== *1959 United States House of Representatives elections*1959 United States Senate elections*1959 United States gubernatorial elections"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2024 Ambetter Health 400"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 Ambetter Health 400''' is an upcoming NASCAR Cup Series race that will be held on February 25, 2024, at Atlanta Motor Speedway in Hampton, Georgia.",
"Contested over 260 laps on the 1.54-mile-long (2.48 km) asphalt quad-oval intermediate speedway (with superspeedway rules), it will be the second race of the 2024 NASCAR Cup Series season."
],
[
"Report",
"===Background===Atlanta Motor Speedway, the track where the race will be held.",
"'''Atlanta Motor Speedway''' (formerly '''Atlanta International Raceway''') is a 1.54-mile race track in Hampton, Georgia, United States, 20 miles (32 km) south of Atlanta.",
"It has annually hosted NASCAR Cup Series stock car races since its inauguration in 1960.The venue was bought by Speedway Motorsports in 1990.In 1994, 46 condominiums were built over the northeastern side of the track.",
"In 1997, to standardize the track with Speedway Motorsports' other two intermediate ovals, the entire track was almost completely rebuilt.",
"The frontstretch and backstretch were swapped, and the configuration of the track was changed from oval to quad-oval, with a new official length of where before it was .",
"The project made the track one of the fastest on the NASCAR circuit.",
"In July 2021 NASCAR announced that the track would be reprofiled for the 2022 season to have 28 degrees of banking and would be narrowed from 55 to 40 feet which the track claims will turn racing at the track similar to restrictor plate superspeedways.",
"Despite the reprofiling being criticized by drivers, construction began in August 2021 and wrapped up in December 2021.The track has seating capacity of 71,000 to 125,000 people depending on the tracks configuration.This Cup race will be first time without A.J.",
"Allmendinger since Talladega in fall of 2022.====Entry list====* '''(R)''' denotes rookie driver.",
"* '''(i)''' denotes driver who is ineligible for series driver points.",
"Driver Team Manufacturer 1 Ross Chastain Trackhouse Racing Chevrolet 2 Austin Cindric Team Penske Ford 3 Austin Dillon Richard Childress Racing Chevrolet 4 Josh Berry '''(R)''' Stewart–Haas Racing Ford 5 Kyle Larson Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet 6 Brad Keselowski RFK Racing Ford 7 Corey LaJoie Spire Motorsports Chevrolet 8 Kyle Busch Richard Childress Racing Chevrolet 9 Chase Elliott Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet 10 Noah Gragson Stewart–Haas Racing Ford 11 Denny Hamlin Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota 12 Ryan Blaney Team Penske Ford 14 Chase Briscoe Stewart–Haas Racing Ford 15 Kaz Grala '''(R)''' Rick Ware Racing Ford 16 Josh Williams '''(i)''' Kaulig Racing Chevrolet 17 Chris Buescher RFK Racing Ford 19 Martin Truex Jr. Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota 20 Christopher Bell Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota 21 Harrison Burton Wood Brothers Racing Ford 22 Joey Logano Team Penske Ford 23 Bubba Wallace 23XI Racing Toyota 24 William Byron Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet 31 Daniel Hemric Kaulig Racing Chevrolet 34 Michael McDowell Front Row Motorsports Ford 38 Todd Gilliland Front Row Motorsports Ford 41 Ryan Preece Stewart–Haas Racing Ford 42 John Hunter Nemechek Legacy Motor Club Toyota 43 Erik Jones Legacy Motor Club Toyota 45 Tyler Reddick 23XI Racing Toyota 47 Ricky Stenhouse Jr. JTG Daugherty Racing Chevrolet 48 Alex Bowman Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet 51 Justin Haley Rick Ware Racing Ford 54 Ty Gibbs Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota 71 Zane Smith '''(R)''' Spire Motorsports Chevrolet 77 Carson Hocevar '''(R)''' Spire Motorsports Chevrolet 78 B. J. McLeod '''(i)''' Live Fast Motorsports Chevrolet 99 Daniel Suárez Trackhouse Racing Chevrolet Official entry list<!---"
],
[
"Qualifying",
" scored the pole for the race with a time of and a speed of .===Qualifying results=== Pos Driver Team Manufacturer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 — 12 — 13 — 14 — 15 — 16 — 17 — 18 — 19 — 20 — 21 — 22 — 23 — 24 — 25 — 26 — 27 — 28 — 29 — 30 — 31 — 32 — 33 — 34 — 35 — 36 — 37 — Official qualifying results"
],
[
"Race",
"===Race results=======Stage Results===='''Stage One'''''Laps:'' 60 Pos Driver Team Manufacturer Points1 102 93 84 75 66 57 48 39 210 1 Official stage one results'''Stage Two'''''Laps:'' 100 Pos Driver Team Manufacturer Points1 102 93 84 75 66 57 48 39 210 1 Official stage two results===Final Stage Results==='''Stage Three'''''Laps:'' 100 Pos Grid Driver Team Manufacturer Laps Points1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Official race results===Race statistics===* Lead changes: among different drivers* Cautions/Laps: * Red flags: * Time of race: hours, minutes and seconds* Average speed: --->"
],
[
"Media",
"===Television===Fox Sports will be carried by Fox in the United States.",
"Mike Joy, Clint Bowyer, and three-time Atlanta winner Kevin Harvick will call the race from the broadcast booth.",
"Jamie Little and Regan Smith will handle pit road for the television side, and Larry McReynolds will provide insight from the Fox Sports studio in Charlotte.FoxBooth announcersPit reportersIn-race analyst '''Lap-by-lap:''' Mike Joy'''Color-commentator:''' Clint Bowyer'''Color-commentator:''' Kevin Harvick Jamie LittleRegan Smith Larry McReynolds===Radio===The race will be broadcast on radio by the Performance Racing Network and simulcast on Sirius XM NASCAR Radio.",
"Doug Rice and Mark Garrow will call the race from the booth when the field raced down the front stretch.",
"Rob Albright will call the race from atop a billboard outside of turn 2 when the field raced through turns 1 and 2, and Pat Patterson will call the race from a billboard outside of turn 3 when the field raced through turns 3 and 4.On pit road, PRN will be manned by Brad Gillie, Doug Turnbull, and Wendy Venturini.PRNBooth announcersTurn announcersPit reporters '''Lead announcer:''' Doug Rice'''Announcer:''' Mark Garrow '''Turns 1 & 2:''' Rob Albright'''Turns 3 & 4:''' Pat Patterson Brad GillieDoug TurnbullWendy Venturini<!--"
],
[
"Standings after the race",
";Drivers' Championship standings Pos Driver Points 10px 1 10px 2 (–) 10px 3 (–) 10px 4 (–) 10px 5 (–) 10px 6 (–) 10px 7 (–) 10px 8 (–) 10px 9 (–) 10px 10 (–) 10px 11 (–) 10px 12 (–) 10px 13 (–) 10px 14 (–) 10px 15 (–) 10px 16 (–) Official driver's standings;Manufacturers' Championship standings Pos Manufacturer Points 10px 1 10px 2 35 (–) 10px 3 (–)*'''Note''': Only the first 16 positions are included for the driver standings.-->"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2024 Transylvania Open – Singles"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Karolína Plíšková defeated Ana Bogdan in the final, 6–4, 6–3 to win the singles tennis title at the 2024 Transylvania Open.",
"It was Plíšková's first title since the 2020 Brisbane International.Tamara Korpatsch was the defending champion, but lost in the first round to Elina Avanesyan."
],
[
"Seeds"
],
[
"Draw",
"===Finals======Top half======Bottom half==="
],
[
"Qualifying",
"===Seeds======Qualifiers======Lucky losers======Qualifying draw=======First qualifier========Second qualifier========Third qualifier========Fourth qualifier========Fifth qualifier========Sixth qualifier===="
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Main draw* Qualifying draw"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"List of members of the 5th National Assembly of Pakistan"
],
[
"Introduction",
" '''5th National Assembly of Pakistan (1971-77)''''''Party''''''Seats''''''General''''''Women''''''Total''' AL 160 7167 PPP 81586 QML 909 ML(Council) 707 JUI 707 JUP 707 NAP-W 617 JI 404 CML 202 PDP 101 IND 16016Total30013313The 5th Parliament of Pakistan was the unicameral legislature of Pakistan formed after the 1970 General Elections.",
"There were 313 Members of Parliament, including 169 from East Pakistan and 144 from West Pakistan."
],
[
"Elected members in East Pakistan",
"List of members in East Bengal:DistrictConstituency PartyMemberRajshahiRangpur NE-1 Rangpur-I Awami League Mazahar Hossain NE-2 Rangpur-II Awami League Md.",
"Reazuddin Ahmed NE-3 Rangpur-III Awami League Mohammad Sadakat Hossain NE-4 Rangpur-IV Awami League Lutfor Rahman NE-5 Rangpur-V Awami League Shah Abdul Hamid NE-6 Rangpur-VI Awami League Mohammad Abu Solaiman Mondal NE-7 Rangpur-VII Awami League Mohammad Azizur Rahman NE-8 Rangpur-VIII Awami League Mohammad Nural Haq NE-9 Rangpur-IX Awami League Abdul Awal NE-10 Rangpur-X Awami League Matiur Rahman NE-11 Rangpur-XI Awami League Abdur RoufDinajpur NE-13 Dinajpur-I Awami League Musharraf Husayn Chowdhury NE-14 Dinajpur-II Awami League Adv.",
"Azizur Rahman NE-15 Dinajpur-III Awami League Mohammad Moksed Ali NE-16 Dinajpur-IV Awami League Muhammad Yusuf Ali NE-17 Dinajpur-V Awami League Shah Mahatab Ahmad NE-18 Dinajpur-VI Awami League Wakiluddin MondalBogra NE-19 Bogra-I Awami League Mafiz Ali Chowdhury NE-20 Bogra-II Awami League Mujibur Rahman Mondal NE-21 Bogra-III Awami League Akbar Ali Khan Chowdhury NE-22 Bogra-IV Awami League Mohammad Habibur Rahman NE-23 Bogra-V Awami League Zahidur RahmanPabna NE-24 Pabna-I Awami League Motahar Hossain Talukdar NE-25 Pabna-II Awami League Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish NE-26 Pabna-III Awami League Abdul Momin Talukdar NE-27 Pabna-IV Awami League Syed Hossain Mansur NE-28 Pabna-V Awami League Abu Sayeed NE-29 Pabna-VI Awami League Amjad HossainRajshahi NE-30 Rajshahi-I Awami League Atowar Rahman Talukder NE-31 Rajshahi-II Awami League Azizar Rahman NE-32 Rajshahi-III Awami League Mohammad Baitullah NE-33 Rajshahi-IV Awami League Khalid Ali Mia NE-34 Rajshahi-V Awami League Raisud-Din Ahmed NE-35 Rajshahi-VI Awami League Abul Hasnat Muhammad Qamaruzzaman NE-36 Rajshahi-VII Awami League Shah Muhammad Zafarullah NE-37 Rajshahi-VIII Awami League Nazmul Hoque Sarkar NE-38 Rajshahi-IX Awami League Sheikh Mobarak HossainKhulnaKushtia NE-39 Kushtia-I Awami League M Amir-ul Islam NE-40 Kushtia-II Awami League Azizur Rahman Akkas NE-41 Kushtia-III Awami League Mohammad Shahiduddin NE-42 Kushtia-IV Awami League Abzalur RashidJessore NE-43 Jessore-I Awami League Md.",
"Kamruzzaman NE-44 Jessore-II Awami League Iqbal Anwar Islam NE-45 Jessore-III Awami League Masihur Rahman NE-46 Jessore-IV Awami League Subodh Kumar Mitra NE-47 Jessore-V Awami League Raushan Ali NE-48 Jessore-VI Awami League Muhammad Sohrab Hossain NE-49 Jessore-VII Awami League Khandaker Abdul HafeezKhulna NE-50 Khulna-I Awami League Abul Khayr Shiqdar NE-51 Khulna-II Awami League Sheikh Abdul Aziz NE-52 Khulna-III Awami League Lutfar Rahman NE-53 Khulna-IV Awami League Muhammad Abdul Ghafur NE-54 Khulna-V Awami League Mohammad Mohsin NE-55 Khulna-VI Awami League Salahuddin Yusuf NE-56 Khulna-VII Awami League Muhammad Abdul Ghaffar NE-57 Khulna-VIII Awami League Syed Kamal BakhtBakerganj NE-58 Bakerganj-I Awami League Abdur Rab Serniabat NE-59 Bakerganj-II Awami League Salehuddin Ahmed NE-60 Bakerganj-III Awami League Nurul Islam Manzur NE-61 Bakerganj-IV Awami League Mohammad Abdul Barek NE-62 Bakerganj-V Awami League Abdul Mannan Howlader NE-65 Bakerganj-VIII Awami League A K Faezul Huq NE-66 Bakerganj-IX Awami League Enayet Hossain KhanPatuakhaliNE-67 Bakerganj-cum-PatuakhaliAwami LeagueM.",
"Shams-ul-HaqNE-68 Patuakhali-IAwami LeagueGhulam Ahad ChowdryNE-69 Patuakhali-IIAwami LeagueAbdul Hady TalukdarNE-70 Patuakhali-IIIAwami LeagueAsmat Ali SikderDaccaTangail NE-71 Tangail-I Awami League Abdul Mannan NE-72 Tangail-II Awami League Shaukat Ali Khan NE-73 Tangail-III Awami League Humayun Khalid NE-73 Tangail-IV Awami League Hatem Ali Talukdar NE-75 Tangail-V Awami League Shamsur Rahman Khan ShahjahanMymensingh NE-76 Mymensingh-I Awami League Mohammad Abdus Samad NE-77 Mymensingh-II Awami League Karimuzzaman Talukder NE-78 Mymensingh-III Awami League Mohammad Abdul Hakim NE-79 Mymensingh-IV Awami League Anisur Rahman NE-80 Mymensingh-V Awami League Abdul Hakim Sarkar NE-81 Mymensingh-VI Awami League Musharraf Husayn Akhand NE-82 Mymensingh-VII Awami League Ibrahim Sarkar NE-83 Mymensingh-VIII Pakistan Democratic Party Nurul Amin NE-84 Mymensingh-IX Awami League Syed Abdus Sultan NE-85 Mymensingh-X Awami League ANM Nazrul Islam NE-86 Mymensingh-XI Awami League Mohammad Shamsul Huda NE-87 Mymensingh-XII Awami League Sadir Uddin Ahmed NE-88 Mymensingh-XIII Awami League Abdul Momin Taluqdar NE-89 Mymensingh-XIV Awami League Zubed Ali NE-90 Mymensingh-XV Awami League Asaduzzaman Khan NE-91 Mymensingh-XVI Awami League Zillur Rahman NE-92 Mymensingh-XVII Awami League Syed Nazrul Islam NE-93 Mymensingh-XVIII Awami League Mohammad Abdul HamidFaridpur NE-94 Faridpur-I Awami League A.B.M.",
"Nurul Islam NE-95 Faridpur-II Awami League Syed Qumrul Islam Saleh Uddin NE-96 Faridpur-III Awami League KM Obaidur Rahman NE-97 Faridpur-IV Awami League Shamsuddin Mollah NE-98 Faridpur-V Awami League Mohammad Abul Khayer NE-99 Faridpur-VI Awami League Mollah Jalaluddin Ahmed NE-100 Faridpur-VII Awami League Adeluddin Ahmad NE-101 Faridpur-VIII Awami League Amjad Husayn Khan NE-102 Faridpur-IX Awami League Abidur Reza Khan NE-103 Faridpur-X Awami League M. A. KasemDacca NE-104 Dacca-I Awami League Mohammed Nurul Islam NE-105 Dacca-II Awami League Moslem Uddin Khan NE-106 Dacca-III Awami League Khandaker Nurul Islam NE-107 Dacca-IV Awami League Shamsul Haq NE-108 Dacca-V Awami League Tajuddin Ahmad NE-109 Dacca-VI Awami League Ashraf Ali Chowdhury NE-110 Dacca-VII Awami League Zahir Uddin NE-111 Dacca-VIII Awami League Sheikh Mujibur Rahman NE-112 Dacca-IX Awami League Kamal Hossain NE-113 Dacca-X Awami League Fazlur Rahman Bhuiyan NE-114 Dacca-XI Awami League Aftab Uddin Bhuiyan NE-115 Dacca-XII Awami League Abdur Razzaq Bhuiyan NE-116 Dacca-XIII Awami League Shahar Ali Mia NE-117 Dacca-XIV Awami League AKM Samsuzzoha NE-118 Dacca-XV Awami League Kafiluddin Chowdhury NE-119 Dacca-XVI Awami League Abdul Karim BepariChittagongSylhet NE-120 Sylhet-I Awami League Mostafa Ali NE-121 Sylhet-II Awami League Mohammad Abdur Rab NE-122 Sylhet-III Awami League Latifur Rahman Chowdhury NE-123 Sylhet-IV Awami League Mohammad Elias NE-124 Sylhet-V Awami League Abdul Muntaquim Chaudhury NE-125 Sylhet-VI Awami League M. A. G. Osmani NE-126 Sylhet-VII Awami League Abdur Rahim NE-127 Sylhet-VIII Awami League Dewan Farid Gazi NE-128 Sylhet-IX Awami League Abdul Hoque NE-129 Sylhet-X Awami League Abdus Samad Azad NE-130 Sylhet-XI Awami League D. M. H Obaidur Raza ChowdhuryComilla NE-131 Comilla-I Awami League Taheruddin Thakur NE-132 Comilla-II Awami League Ali Azam NE-133 Comilla-III Awami League Dewan Abul Abbas NE-134 Comilla-IV Awami League Serajul Huq NE-135 Comilla-V Awami League Khurshed Alam NE-136 Comilla-VI Awami League Kazi Zahirul Qayyum NE-137 Comilla-VII Awami League Ahmad Khaliq NE-138 Comilla-VIII Awami League Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad NE-139 Comilla-IX Awami League Md Abul Hashem NE-140 Comilla-X Awami League Muhammad Shujat Ali NE-141 Comilla-XI Awami League Abdul Awal NE-142 Comilla-XII Awami League Hafez Habibur Rahman NE-143 Comilla-XIII Awami League Muhammad Waliullah NE-144 Comilla-XIV Awami League Mizanur Rahman ChowdhuryNoakhali NE-145 Noakhali-I Awami League Obaidullah Majumdar NE-146 Noakhali-II Awami League Khawaja Ahmed NE-147 Noakhali-III Awami League Nurul Haque NE-150 Noakhali-VI Awami League Khalid Muhammad Ali NE-151 Noakhali-VII Awami League Md.",
"Hanif NE-152 Noakhali-VIII Awami League Abdur RashidChittagong NE-154 Chittagong-II Awami League Muhammad Abdul Majid NE-155 Chittagong-III Awami League Mohammad Idris NE-156 Chittagong-IV Awami League Syed Fazlul Haq NE-157 Chittagong-V Awami League Mohammad Khaled NE-158 Chittagong-VI Awami League Nurul Islam Chowdhury NE-159 Chittagong-VII Awami League Ataur Rahman Khan Kaiser NE-160 Chittagong-VIII Awami League Abu Saleh Mia NE-161 Chittagong-IX Awami League Nur Ahmad SawdagarHill Tracts NE-162 Hill Tracts Independent Tridev Roy"
],
[
"Elected members in West Pakistan",
"List of members from Punjab, Sindh, North West Frontier Province, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, and Balochistan:ProvinceDistrictConstituency PartyMemberPeshawar NW-1 Peshawar-I Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum) Yusuf Khattak NW-2 Peshawar-II National Awami Party Ghulam Faruque Khan NW-3 Peshawar-III National Awami Party Wali Abdul Wali Khan NW-4 Peshawar-IV Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Abdul Haq AkorwiHazara NW-5 Hazara-I Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Abdul Hakeem NW-6 Hazara-II Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Ghulam Ghaus Hazarvi NW-7 Hazara-III Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum) Sardar Inayatur Rehman Khan Abbasi NW-8 Hazara-IV Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum) Abdul Qayyum KhanMardan NW-9 Mardan-I Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum) Abdul Khaliq Khan NW-10 Mardan-II National Awami Party Wali Umra Khan by election NW-11 Mardan cum HazaraPakistan Muslim League (Qayyum) Muhammad Hanif KhanKohat NW-12 Kohat Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Moulvi NaimatullahDera Ismail Khan NW-13 Dera Ismail Khan Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Mufti MehmoodBannu NW-14 Bannu Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Moulana Sadar us ShahidChitral Dir NW-15 Chitral cum Dir Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum) Jafar Ali ShahSwat NW-16 Swat-I Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum) Rahim Shah NW-17 Swat-II Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum) Miangul AurangzebDir NW-18 Dir Jamaat-e-Islami Sahibzada SaifullahFATAMohmand NW-19 Tribal Area-I Independent Akbar Khan MohmandKhyber NW-20 Tribal Area-II Independent Haji Saleh KhanOrakzai Kurram NW-21 Tribal Area-III Independent Haji Gul MuhammadNorth Waziristan NW-22 Tribal Area-IV Independent Malik Jahangir KhanSouth Waziristan NW-23 Tribal Area-V Independent Abdul MalikFrontier regions NW-24 Tribal Area-VI Independent Jamal DarBajaur NW-25 Tribal Area-VII Independent Abdul Subhan KhanPunjabRawalpindi NW-26 Rawalpindi-I Pakistan People's Party Khurshid Hassan Mir NW-27 Rawalpindi-II Pakistan People's Party Malik Muhammad Jaffar NW-28 Rawalpindi-III Pakistan People's Party Habib Ahmed NW-29 Rawalpindi-IV Pakistan People's Party Raja Abdul Aziz BhattiCampbellpur NW-30 Campbellpur-I Council Muslim League Shaukat Hayat Khan NW-31 Campbellpur-II Council Muslim League Pir Syed SaifuddinJhelum NW-32 Jhelum-I Pakistan People's Party Dr. Ghulam Hussain NW-33 Jhelum-II Pakistan People's Party Muhammad Amir Khan NW-34 Jhelum-III Pakistan People's Party Malik Muhammad SadiqGujrat NW-35 Gujrat-I Council Muslim League Chaudhry Zahoor Elahi NW-36 Gujrat-II Pakistan People's Party Muhammad Sardar Khan NW-37 Gujrat-III Pakistan People's Party Chaudhary Manzoor Hussain Daudra NW-38 Gujrat-IV Pakistan People's Party Chaudhary Ghulam Rasool TararSargodha NW-39 Sargodha-IPakistan People's Party Chaudhary Jahangir Ali NW-40 Sargodha-II Pakistan People's Party Anwar Ali Noon NW-41 Sargodha-III Pakistan People's Party Hafeezullah Cheema NW-42 Sargodha-IV Council Muslim League Malik Karam Bakhsh Awan NW-43 Sargodha-V Council Muslim League Nawabzada Mian Muhammad ZakirMianwali NW-44 Mianwali-I Independent Nawabzada Malik Muzaffar Khan NW-45 Mianwali-II Council Muslim League Ghulam Hassan Khan DhandalaJhang NW-46 Jhang-I Markazi Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan Mehar Ghulam Haider Bharwana NW-47 Jhang-II Pakistan People's Party Sardarzada Muhammad Ali Shah NW-48 Jhang-III Markazi Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan Sahibzada Nazir SultanLyallpur NW-49 Lyallpur-I Pakistan People's Party Muhammad Afzal Randhawa NW-50 Lyallpur-II Pakistan People's Party Mian Muhammad Attaullah NW-51 Lyallpur-III Pakistan People's Party Ahsanul Haq NW-52 Lyallpur-IV Pakistan People's Party Muhammad Bashir Ahmed NW-53 Lyallpur-V Pakistan People's Party Raja Mubaraz Khan NW-54 Lyallpur-VI Pakistan People's Party Rai Hafeezullah Khan NW-55 Lyallpur-VII Pakistan People's Party Chaudhary Muhammad Anwar Ali Khan NW-56 Lyallpur-VIII Pakistan People's Party Ghulam Nabi Chaudhary NW-57 Lyallpur-IX Pakistan People's Party Muhammad Khan ChaudharyLahore NW-58 Lahore-I Pakistan People's Party Malik Muhammad Akhtar NW-59 Lahore-II Pakistan People's Party Mubashir Hassan NW-60 Lahore-III Pakistan People's Party Mahmud Ali Kasuri NW-61 Lahore-IV Pakistan People's Party Sheikh Rasheed Ahmed NW-62 Lahore-V Pakistan People's Party Malik Meraj Khalid NW-63 Lahore-VI Pakistan People's Party Ahmad Raza Khan Kasuri NW-64 Lahore-VII Pakistan People's Party Chaudhary Shafaat Khan Chohan NW-65 Lahore-VIII Pakistan People's Party Syed Mehmood Abbas BukhariSheikhupura NW-66 Sheikhupura-I Pakistan People's Party Chaudhry Mumtaz Ahmed NW-67 Sheikhupura-II Pakistan People's Party Mian Hamid Yaseen NW-68 Sheikhupura-III Pakistan People's Party Nisar Ahmed NW-69 Sheikhupura-IV Pakistan People's Party Rai Shahadat Ali KhanGujranwala NW-70 Gujranwala-I Pakistan People's Party Habibur Rahman NW-71 Gujranwala-II Pakistan People's Party Ali Muhammad Darriwal NW-72 Gujranwala-III Pakistan People's Party Ghulam Haider Cheema NW-73 Gujranwala-IV Pakistan People's Party Mian Shahadat KhanSialkot NW-74 Sialkot-I Pakistan People's Party Mian Masood Ahmed NW-75 Sialkot-II Pakistan People's Party Kausar Niazi NW-76 Sialkot-III Pakistan People's Party Chaudhary Nasrullah Khan vacated NW-76 Sialkot-III Council Muslim League Abdul Wahid by election NW-77 Sialkot-IV Pakistan People's Party Malik Muhammad Suleman NW-78 Sialkot-V Pakistan People's Party Chaudhary Sultan Ahmed CheemaMultan NW-79 Multan-I Pakistan People's Party Sahibzada Farooq Ali NW-80 Multan-IIPakistan People's Party Sajid Pervez Mian NW-81 Multan-III Pakistan People's Party Sayyid Abbas Hussain Gardezi NW-82 Multan-IV Independent Zafarullah Khan Chaudhary NW-83 Multan-V Pakistan People's Party Chaudhary Barkatullah NW-84 Multan-VICouncil Muslim League Mian Riaz Ahmed Khan NW-85 Multan-VII Pakistan People's Party Khan Irshad Ahmed Khan NW-86 Multan-VIII Pakistan People's Party Syed Nasir Ali Rizvi NW-87 Multan-IX Pakistan People's Party Rana Taj Ahmed NoonDera Ghazi Khan NW-88 Dera Ghazi Khan-I Jamaat-e-Islami Khawaja Ghulam Suleman NW-89 Dera Ghazi Khan-II Independent Sherbaz Khan MazariMuzaffargarh NW-90 Muzaffargarh-I Pakistan People's Party Mahar Manzoor Hussain Sumra NW-91 Muzaffargarh-II Pakistan People's Party Mian Ghulam Abbas NW-92 Muzaffargarh-III Markazi Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan Mian Muhammad Ibrahim BarqSahiwal NW-93 Sahiwal-I Pakistan People's Party Sardar Abdul Aleem NW-94 Sahiwal-II Pakistan People's Party Chaudhary Muhammad Hanif Khan NW-95 Sahiwal-III Pakistan People's Party Haji Muhammad Sadiq NW-96 Sahiwal-IV Pakistan People's Party Rao Khurshid Ali Khan NW-97 Sahiwal-V Pakistan People's Party Mian Muhammad Hassan Khan NW-98 Sahiwal-VI Pakistan People's Party Rao Hashim Khan NW-99 Sahiwal-VII Pakistan People's Party Noor MuhammadBahawalpur NW-100 Bahawalpur-I Council Muslim League Nizamuddin Haider NW-101 Bahawalpur-II Independent Saeed-ur-Rashid AbbasiNW-102 Bahawalnagar cum BahawalpurPakistan People's PartyMuhammad ShafiBahawalnagar NW-103 Bahawalnagar-I Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum) Syed Rafiq Muhammad Shah NW-104 Bahawalnagar-II Pakistan People's Party Mian Muhammad RafiqRahim Yar Khan NW-105 Rahim Yar Khan-I Convention Muslim League Khawaja Jamal Muhammad Koreja NW-106 Rahim Yar Khan-II Pakistan People's Party Abdul Nabi Khan Kanju NW-107 Rahim Yar Khan-III Independent Makhdoom Noor MuhammadSindhJacobabad NW-108 Jacobabad Pakistan People's Party Mir Dariya Khan KhosoSukkur NW-109 Sukkur-I Independent Moula Bakhsh Soomro NW-110 Sukkur-II Independent Ali Hassan Mangi NW-111 Sukkur-III Pakistan People's Party Noor Muhammad Khan LundNawabshah NW-112 Nawabshah-I Pakistan People's Party Hakim Ali Zardari NW-113 Nawabshah-II Pakistan People's Party Ghulam Mujtaba JatoiKhairpur NW-114 Khairpur-I Pakistan People's Party Syed Qaim Ali Shah NW-115 Khairpur-II Pakistan People's Party Pir Syed Abdul Qadir Shah JillaniLarkana NW-116 Larkana-I Pakistan People's Party Zulfikar Ali Bhutto NW-117 Larkana-II Pakistan People's Party Mumtaz BhuttoHyderabad NW-118 Hyderabad-I Markazi Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan Syed Muhammad Ali Rizvi NW-119 Hyderabad-II Pakistan People's Party Mir Aijaz Ali Talpur NW-120 Hyderabad-III Pakistan People's Party Makhdoom Muhammad Zaman Talibul Moula NW-121 Hyderabad-IV Pakistan People's Party Haji Ali Ahmed KhanTharparkar NW-122 Tharparkar-I Pakistan People's Party Mir Ali Bakhsh Khan Talpur NW-123 Tharparkar-II Pakistan People's Party Pir Ghulam Rasool Shah JillaniDadu NW-124 Dadu-I Pakistan People's Party Abdul Hameed Jatoi NW-125 Dadu-II Pakistan People's Party Malik Sikandar KhanSanghar NW-126 Sanghar Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum) Atta Muhammad MarriThatta NW-127 Thatta Pakistan People's Party Ameen FaheemKarachi NW-128 Karachi-I Markazi Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan Abdul Mustafa Al-Azhari NW-129 Karachi-II Pakistan People's Party Abdul Hafeez Pirzada NW-130 Karachi-III Pakistan People's Party Abdul Sattar Gabol NW-131 Karachi-IV Jamaat-e-Islami Mehmood Azam Farooqi NW-132 Karachi-V Jamaat-e-Islami Abdul Ghafoor Ahmed NW-133 Karachi-VI Independent Zafar Ahmed Ansari NW-134 Karachi-VII Pakistan People's Party Noorul ArfinBalochistanQuetta NW-135 Quetta-I Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Maulvi Abdul Haq NW-136 Quetta-II Council Muslim League Taj Muhammad JamaliKalat NW-137 Kalat-I National Awami Party Wali Abdul Hai Baloch NW-138 Kalat-II National Awami Party Wali Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo"
],
[
"Elected members for Reserved Seats for Women",
"RegionProvinceConstituency PartyMemberEast PakistanEast BengalNE-163 Women's Constituency-IAwami LeagueNurjahan MurshidNE-164 Women's Constituency-IIRafia Akhtar DollyNE-165 Women's Constituency-IIISyeda Sajeda ChowdhuryNE-166 Women's Constituency-IVMomtaz BegumNE-167 Women's Constituency-VRazia BanuNE-168 Women's Constituency-VITaslima AbedNE-169 Women's Constituency-VIIBegum Badrunnessa AhmedWest PakistanNWFPNW-139 Women's Constituency-IPakistan Muslim League (Qayyum)Shireen Wahab SahibaPunjabNW-140 Women's Constituency-IIPakistan People's PartyNargis Naim SendhuNW-141 Women's Constituency-IIIBegum Nasim JahanNW-142 Women's Constituency-IVBegum Zahida SultanaSindhNW-143 Women's Constituency-VMrs.",
"Dr. Ashraf AbbasBalochistanNW-144 Women's Constituency-VINational Awami Party WaliJennifer Jehanzeba Qazi Musa"
],
[
"Membership Changes",
"=== East Pakistan ===Due to war of 1971, East Pakistan separated and became Bangladesh.",
"Only Tridev Roy and Nurul Amin remained in Pakistan.=== West Pakistan ===NW-1 Peshawar-I Abdul Qayyum Khan of PML(Qayyum) vacated and Yusuf Khattak of PML(Qayyum) elected in by-election.NW-10 Mardan-II Ameerzada Khan of NAP(W) vacated and Umra Khan of NAP(W) elected in by-election.NW-11 Mardan cum Hazara Abdul Qayyum Khan of PML(Qayyum) vacated and Muhammad Hanif Khan of PML(Qayyum) elected in by-election.NW-21 Tribal Area-III Naimatullah Khan Shinwari (IND) vacated Haji Gul Muhammad (IND) elected in by election.NW-36 Gujrat-II Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry of PPP vacated and Muhammad Sardar Khan of PPP elected in by-election.NW-47 Jhang-II Moulana Muhammad Zakir of Markazi Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan died in 1975 and Sardarzada Muhammad Ali Shah of PPP elected in by-election.NW-49 Lyallpur-I Mukhtar Rana of PPP disqualified and Muhammad Afzal Randhawa of PPP elected in by-election.NW-53 Lyallpur-V Chaudhary Muhammad Aslam of PPP died in 1975 and Raja Mubaraz Khan of PPP elected in by-election.NW-60 Lahore-III Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of PPP vacated and Mahmud Ali Kasuri of PPP elected in by election.NW-68 Sheikhupura-III Chaudhary Muhammad Iqbal died in 1974 and Nisar Ahmed of PPP elected in by election.NW-70 Gujranwala-I Mian Manzoor-e-Hassan died in 1974 and Habibur Rahman of PPP elected in by election.NW-71 Gujranwala-II Zulfiqar Ali Bajwa died and Ali Muhammad Darriwal elected in by election.NW-79 Multan-I Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of PPP vacated and Sahibzada Farooq Ali of PPP elected in by election.NW-80 Multan-II Sadiq Hussain Qureshi of PPP vacated and Sajid Pervez Mian of PPP elected in by election.NW-84 Multan-VI Mumtaz Daultana of CML vacated and Mian Riaz Ahmed Khan elected in by election.NW-88 Dera Ghazi Khan-I Nazir Ahmed of JI died and Khawaja Ghulam Suleman elected in by election.NW-91 Muzaffargarh-II Ghulam Mustafa Khar of PPP vacated and Mian Ghulam Abbas elected in by election.NW-113 Nawabshah-II Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi of PPP vacated and Ghulam Mujtaba Jatoi of PPP by election.NW-121 Hyderabad-IV Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of PPP vacated and Haji Ali Ahmed Khan of PPP elected in by election.NW-127 Thatta Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of PPP vacated and Ameen Faheem of PPP elected in by election.NW-134 Karachi-VII Shah Ahmad Noorani of Markazi Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan vacated and Noorul Arfin of PPP elected in by election.NW-136 Quetta-II Khair Bakhsh Marri of NAP(W) vacated and Taj Muhammad Jamali of CML elected by-election."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* National Assembly of Pakistan"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Kashubian grammar"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The grammar of the Kashubian language is characterized by a high degree of inflection, and has relatively free word order, although the dominant arrangement is subject–verb–object (SVO).",
"There are no articles.",
"Distinctive features include the different treatment of masculine personal nouns in the plural, and the complex grammar of numerals and quantifiers."
],
[
"Morphology",
"Kashubian has a rich system of inflectional morphology, akin to that of other Slavic languages, including case, number, gender, tense, aspect, and mood.===Nouns===Kashubian displays 7 cases inherited from Proto-Slavic.",
"They are nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, locative, and vocative case, however the vocative is very often replaced by the nominative.Gender is usually reflected by the ending of a given noun stem.",
"Sounds ending in a soft consonant, -a, and -ô are feminine.",
"Masculine nouns end in a consonant and sometimes -a.Some nouns are both masculine and feminine depending on the gender of the referent, e.g.",
"(crippled person).Kashubian has a singular and a plural with traces of an old dual remaining in some plurals (), and the instrumental plural ending ''-ama'', and the now plural pronoun , with the old plural becoming a polite pronoun.The ending ''-ama'' is preferred standardly, and ''-ami'' appears dialectally.====Masculine nouns==== Masculine personal Singular Plural Nominative (''nazéwôcz '') chłop'''∅''', pòet'''a''' chłop'''i'''/chłop'''ë''', pòec'''ë''' Genitive (''rodzôcz'') chłop'''a''', pòet'''ë''' chłop'''ów''', pòet'''ów''' Dative (''dôwôcz'') chłop'''ù''', pòec'''e''' chłop'''óm''', pòet'''óm''' Accusative (''winowôcz'') chłop'''a''', pòet'''ã''' chłop'''ów''', pòec'''ë''' Instrumental (''narzãdzôcz'') chłop'''ã''', pòet'''ą''' chłop'''ama'''/chłop'''ami''', pòet'''ama''', pòet'''ami''' Locative (''môlnik'') chłop'''ie''', pòec'''e''' chłop'''ach''', pòet'''ach''' Vocative (''wòłiwôcz'') chłop'''ie''', pòet'''o''' chłop'''i'''/chłop'''ë''', pòec'''ë''' Masculine animal Singular Plural Hard Soft Hard Soft Nominative (''nazéwôcz '') lës'''∅''' kóń'''∅''' lës'''ë''' kòni'''e''' Genitive (''rodzôcz'') lës'''a''' kòni'''a''' lës'''ów''' kòni'''i'''/kòni'''ów''' Dative (''dôwôcz'') lës'''owi''' kòni'''owi'''/kòni'''ewi'''/kòni'''u''' lës'''om''' kòni'''om''' Accusative (''winowôcz'') lës'''a''' kòn'''ia''' lës'''e''' kòni'''e''' Instrumental (''narzãdzôcz'') lës'''ã''' kòni'''ã'''/kòni'''em''' lës'''ama'''/lës'''ami''' kòni'''ama'''/kòni'''ami''' Locative (''môlnik'') lës'''u''' kòni'''u''' lës'''ach''' kòni'''ach''' Vocative (''wòłiwôcz'') lës'''u''' kòni'''u''' lës'''e''' kòni'''e''' Masculine inanimate Singular Plural Hard Soft Hard Soft Nominative (''nazéwôcz '') brzég'''∅''' kosz'''∅''' brzedż'''i''' kosz'''e''' Genitive (''rodzôcz'') brzeg'''a'''/brzeg'''ù''' kosz'''a''' brzeg'''ów''' kosz'''i'''/kosz'''ów''' Dative (''dôwôcz'') brzeg'''òwi''' kosz'''owi''' brzeg'''óm''' kosz'''óm''' Accusative (''winowôcz'') brzég'''∅''' kosz'''∅''' brzedż'''i''' kosz'''e''' Instrumental (''narzãdzôcz'') brzeg'''ã''' kosz'''ã'''/kosz'''em''' brzeg'''ama'''/brzeg'''ami''' kosz'''ama'''/kosz'''ami''' Locative (''môlnik'') brzeg'''ù''' kosz'''u''' brzeg'''ach''' kosz'''ach''' Vocative (''wòłiwôcz'')brzeg'''ù''' kosz'''u''' brzedż'''i''' kosz'''e'''Comments about the singular:* Masculine nouns that end in a voiced consonant show regular vowel alternations of: ô:a, ó:o, é:e, ą:ã, i/u:ë.",
"Mobile ''e'' (e:∅) also appears in some stems.",
"* Like in Polish, there is irregularity with genitive singular ''-u''/''-a'', where animal/personal nouns always get ''-a'', but inanimate nouns may get both.",
"In northern dialects, -u may be replaced with ''-ë''.",
"* Dative singular shows two endings, ''-ewi'' (for soft nouns)/''-owi'' (for hard nouns) and ''-u''.",
"It has been suggested (BY LORENTZ gram 872) that personal/animal nouns have a preference for ''-ewi''/''-owi''.",
"Rarely an ending ''-owiu'' has been used by combining both endings (compare Masurian ''-oziu'').",
"An ending ''-ë'' (from a short /u/) exists in North-East Kashubia.",
"Finally, the adjectival ending ''-omù'' (hard)/''-emù'' (soft) is also used in the North-East.",
"* The instrumental singular ending '''-ã''' is used in the North-West for stylistic reasons or for rhymes.",
"* The locative singular ending ''-(i)e'' is for hard stems and ''-(i)u'' is for soft stems or nouns whose stems end with ''-k''/''-g''/''-ch'', as well as ''-s''/''-z''.",
"An ending ''-ë'' (from a short /u/) exists in North-East Kashubia.",
"* Masculine nouns ending in ''-a'' decline femininely in the singular and masculinely in the plural.Comments about the plural:* The nominative plural has multiple endings, including ''-owie'', ''-ë'', ''-e'', ''-i''.",
"* The dative plural ending ''-ama'' may occasionally be seen.",
"* The instrumental plural endings ''-mi'' (without ''-a-''') and ''-i'' are rare.",
"* The locative plural ending ''-ech'' can be seen in some names of countries, but is falling out of use and being replaced by ''-ach''.====Feminine nouns==== Hard ''-a'' declension Singular Plural Nominative (''nazéwôcz '') gãb'''a''', nog'''a''' gãb'''ë''', nodż'''i''' Genitive (''rodzôcz'') gãb'''ë''', nodż'''i''' gãb'''ów''', nog'''ów'''/nóg'''∅''' Dative (''dôwôcz'') gãb'''ie''', nodz'''e''' gãb'''óm''', nog'''óm''' Accusative (''winowôcz'') gãb'''ã''', nog'''ã''' gãb'''ë''', nodż'''i''' Instrumental (''narzãdzôcz'') gãb'''ą''', nog'''ą''' gãb'''ama'''/gãb'''ami''', nog'''ama'''/nog'''ami''' Locative (''môlnik'') gãb'''ie''', nodz'''e''' gãb'''ach''', nog'''ach''' Vocative (''wòłiwôcz'') gãb'''ò''', nog'''ò''' gãb'''ë''', nodż'''i''' Soft ''-a'' declension Singular Plural Nominative (''nazéwôcz '') zemi'''a''', òwc'''a''' zemi'''e''', òwc'''e''' Genitive (''rodzôcz'') zem'''i'''/zemi'''e''', òwc'''ë''' zem'''i'''/zemi'''ów''', owiec'''∅'''/òwc'''ów''' Dative (''dôwôcz'') zem'''i''', òwc'''ë''' zemi'''óm''', òwc'''óm''' Accusative (''winowôcz'') zemi'''ã''', òwc'''ã''' zemi'''e''', òwc'''e''' Instrumental (''narzãdzôcz'') zemi'''ą''', òwc'''ą''' zemi'''ama'''/zemi'''ami''', òwc'''ama'''/òwc'''ami''' Locative (''môlnik'') zem'''i''', òwc'''ë''' zemi'''ach''', òwc'''ach''' Vocative (''wòłiwôcz'') zemi'''a'''/zemi'''o''', òwc'''o''' zemi'''e''', òwc'''e'''Comments:* Northern Kashubian dialects sometimes have '''-i''' in the locative singular for nouns ending in ''-ła'', so instead of .",
"Soft ''-ô'' declension Singular Plural Nominative (''nazéwôcz '') rol'''ô''', stëdni'''ô''' rol'''e'''/rol'''é''', stëdni'''e'''/stëdni'''é''' Genitive (''rodzôcz'') rol'''ë'''/rol'''i'''/rol'''é'''/rol'''e''', stëdn'''i'''/stëdni'''é'''/stëdni'''e''' rol'''i'''/rol'''ów''', stëdn'''i'''/stëdni'''ów''' Dative (''dôwôcz'') rol'''i'''/rol'''ë'''/rol'''é''', stëdni'''é''' rol'''óm''', stëdni'''óm''' Accusative (''winowôcz'') rol'''ã''', stëdni'''ã''' rol'''e'''/rol'''é''', stëdni'''e'''/stëdni'''é''' Instrumental (''narzãdzôcz'') rol'''ą''', stëdni'''ą''' rol'''ama'''/rol'''ami''', stëdni'''ama'''/stëdni'''ami''' Locative (''môlnik'') rol'''i'''/rol'''ë'''/rol'''é''', stëdni'''é''' rol'''ach''', stëdni'''ach''' Vocative (''wòłiwôcz'') rol'''ô''', stëdni'''ô''' rol'''e'''/rol'''é''', stëdni'''e'''/stëdni'''é'''Comments:* Northern dialects sometimes show syncretism in the accusative singular with the nominative singular, so alongside .",
"* The '''-∅''' ending in the genitive plural is largely replaced with '''-ów''' except in common words.",
"Latinate feminine ''-(i/ë)jô'' (soft) Singular Plural Nominative (''nazéwôcz '') Genitive (''rodzôcz'') Dative (''dôwôcz'') Accusative (''winowôcz'') Instrumental (''narzãdzôcz'') Locative (''môlnik'') Vocative (''wòłiwôcz'') ====Neuter nouns==== Hard ''-o'' declension Singular Plural Nominative (''nazéwôcz '') pism'''ò''', biczësk'''ò''' pism'''a''', biczësk'''a''' Genitive (''rodzôcz'') pism'''a''', biczësk'''a''' pism'''ów''', biczësk'''ów''' Dative (''dôwôcz'') pism'''u''', biczësk'''ù''' pism'''óm''', biczësk'''óm''' Accusative (''winowôcz'') pism'''ò''', biczësk'''ò''' pism'''a''', biczësk'''a''' Instrumental (''narzãdzôcz'') pism'''ã''', biczësk'''ã''' pism'''ama'''/pism'''ami''', biczësk'''ama'''/biczësk'''ami''' Locative (''môlnik'') pism'''ie''', biczësk'''ù''' pism'''ach''', biczësk'''ach''' Vocative (''wòłiwôcz'') pism'''ò''', biczësk'''ò''' gãb'''a''', biczësk'''a''' Soft ''-e'' declension Singular Plural Nominative (''nazéwôcz '') serc'''e''' serc'''a''' Genitive (''rodzôcz'') serc'''a''' serc'''ów''' Dative (''dôwôcz'') serc'''u''' serc'''óm''' Accusative (''winowôcz'') serc'''e''' serc'''a''' Instrumental (''narzãdzôcz'') serc'''ã''' serc'''ama'''/serc'''ami''' Locative (''môlnik'') serc'''u''' serc'''ach''' Vocative (''wòłiwôcz'') serc'''e''' serc'''a''' Soft ''-é'' declension Singular Plural Nominative (''nazéwôcz '') kôzani'''é''' kôzani'''a''' Genitive (''rodzôcz'') kôzani'''ô'''/kôzani'''égò'''/kôzani'''a'''/kôzani'''u'''/kôzani'''i''' kôzani'''ów''' Dative (''dôwôcz'') kôzani'''u'''/kôzani'''émù'''/kôzani'''owi''' kôzani'''óm''' Accusative (''winowôcz'') kôzani'''é''' kôzani'''a''' Instrumental (''narzãdzôcz'') kôzani'''ã''' kôzani'''ama'''/kôzani'''ami''' Locative (''môlnik'') kôzani'''u'''/kôzani'''m''' kôzani'''ach''' Vocative (''wòłiwôcz'') kôzani'''é''' kôzani'''a''' Soft ''-ã'' declension with an -n- stem Singular Plural Nominative (''nazéwôcz '') semi'''ã''' semion'''a''' Genitive (''rodzôcz'') semieni'''a''' semión'''∅'''/semion'''ów''' Dative (''dôwôcz'') semieni'''u'''/semieni'''owi''' semion'''óm''' Accusative (''winowôcz'') semi'''ã''' semion'''a''' Instrumental (''narzãdzôcz'') semieni'''ã''' semion'''ama'''/semion'''ami''' Locative (''môlnik'') semieni'''u''' semion'''ach''' Vocative (''wòłiwôcz'') semi'''ã''' semion'''a''' Soft ''-ã'' declension with a -t- stem Singular Plural Nominative (''nazéwôcz '') cel'''ã''' celãt'''a''' Genitive (''rodzôcz'') celãc'''a''' celãt'''∅'''/celąt'''∅''' Dative (''dôwôcz'') celãc'''u''' celãt'''óm''' Accusative (''winowôcz'') cel'''ã''' celãt'''a''' Instrumental (''narzãdzôcz'') celãc'''ã''' celãt'''ama'''/celãt'''ami''' Locative (''môlnik'') celãc'''u''' celãt'''ach''' Vocative (''wòłiwôcz'') cel'''ã''' celãt'''a'''Comments:* Nouns ending in -é (chiefly gerunds) take adjectival endings in northern and central dialects.",
"* Nouns ending in -ã with -n- stems occasionally have a hard -n- in the singular.",
"* A few neuter nouns show '''∅''' in the genitive plural, and if the given noun's stem ends with a voiced consonant, regular vowel alternation can be observed, e.g.",
"-> .",
"In some cases a mobile e is also inserted.===Adjectives and adverbs===Kashubian adjectives agree in number, gender, and case with nouns.",
"The vocative is syncretic with the nominative.Kashubian retains many short form adjectives, whose base form may be used for all genders, but may also change their ending to agree in gender.",
"They may be used as a predicative or as a possessive adjective or through German borrowings.Short forms show regular vowel alternations.The comparative degree is formed by adding ''-szi'' or sometimes ''-ejszi''/''-észi'' if the stem ends with two consonants, however ''-szy'' can also appear in the same conditions.The superlative degree is formed ''nô-''.An analytic comparative may be formed with and an analytic superlative with .",
"Hard declension Singular Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative,Vocative personal młod'''i''' młod'''ô''' młod'''é''' młod'''i''' młod'''é''' non-personal młod'''é''' Genitive młod'''égò''' młod'''i''' młod'''égò''' młod'''ëch'''/młod'''ich''' Dative młod'''émù''' młod'''i''' młod'''émù''' młod'''im''' Accusative personal młod'''égò''' młod'''ą''' młod'''é''' młod'''ëch'''/młod'''ich''' młod'''é''' non-personalanimate młod'''é''' inanimate młod'''i''' Instrumental młod'''im''' młod'''ą''' młod'''im''' młod'''ima'''/młod'''ëma'''/młod'''imi'''/młod'''ëmi''' Locative młod'''im''' młod'''i''' młod'''im''' młod'''ëch'''/młod'''ich''' Soft declension Singular Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative,Vocative personal snôż'''i''' snôż'''ô''' snôż'''é''' snôż'''i''' snôż'''é''' non-personal snôż'''é''' Genitive snôż'''égò''' snôż'''i''' snôż'''égò''' snôż'''ich''' Dative snôż'''émù''' snôż'''i''' snôż'''émù''' snôż'''im''' Accusative personal snôż'''égò''' snôż'''ą''' snôż'''é''' snôż'''ich''' snôż'''é''' non-personalanimate snôż'''é''' inanimate snôż'''i''' Instrumental snôż'''im''' snôż'''ą''' snôż'''im''' snôż'''ima'''/snôż'''imi''' Locative snôż'''im''' snôż'''i''' snôż'''im''' snôż'''ich''' Possessive declension (''-ów'') Singular Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative,Vocative personal bratów'''∅''' bratow'''a''' bratow'''ò'''/bratow'''é''' bratow'''i''' bratow'''é''' non-personal bratow'''é''' Genitive bratow'''égò''' bratow'''i''' bratow'''égò''' bratow'''ëch''' Dative bratow'''émù''' bratow'''i''' bratow'''émù''' bratow'''im''' Accusative personal bratow'''égò''' bratow'''ą''' bratow'''ò'''/bratow'''é''' bratow'''ëch''' bratow'''é''' non-personalanimate bratow'''é''' inanimate bratów'''∅''' Instrumental bratow'''im''' bratow'''ą''' bratow'''im''' bratow'''ima''' Locative bratow'''im''' bratow'''i''' bratow'''im''' bratow'''ëch''' Possessive declension (''-in'') Singular Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative,Vocative personal Anin'''∅''' Anin'''a''' Anin'''o'''/Anin'''é''' Anin'''y''' Anin'''é''' non-personal Anin'''é''' Genitive Anin'''égò''' Anin'''y''' Anin'''égò''' Anin'''ëch''' Dative Anin'''émù''' Anin'''y''' Anin'''émù''' Anin'''ym''' Accusative personal Anin'''égò''' Anin'''ą''' Anin'''o'''/Anin'''é''' Anin'''ëch''' Anin'''é''' non-personalanimate Anin'''é''' inanimate Anin'''∅''' Instrumental Anin'''ym''' Anin'''ą''' Anin'''ym''' Anin'''yma''' Locative Anin'''ym''' Anin'''y''' Anin'''ym''' Anin'''ëch'''Deadjectival adverbs can be formed with either ''-e'' or ''-o'' and occasionally with ''-∅'' as in .",
"The synthetic comparative is formed with ''-i'', and the superlative with ''nô-'', and the analytic comparative and superlative are formed the same way as the analytic comparative and superlatives of adjectives.===Verbs===Kashubian verbs agree for person, tense, aspect, and have participle forms as well as gerunds.The formal pronoun has special marking different from forms that agree with .Kashubian has 4 conjugation patters.====Class I====+Conjugation I (-ã, -esz) infinitive (wiezc) Singular Plural Polite1st jô wiez'''ã''' më wiez'''emë'''Wë wiez'''ece'''2nd të wiez'''esz''' wa wiez'''eta'''3rd òn, òna, òno wiez'''e''' òni, òne wioz'''ą'''====Class II====+Conjugation II (-ã, -isz) infinitive (robic) Singular Plural Polite1st jô robi'''ã''' më rob'''imë'''Wë rob'''ice'''2nd të rob'''isz''' wa rob'''ita'''3rd òn, òna, òno rob'''i''' òni, òne robi'''ą'''====Class III====+Conjugation III (-óm, -ôsz) infinitive (grac) Singular Plural Polite1st jô gr'''óm'''/jô gr'''ajã''' më gr'''ómë'''/më gr'''ajemë'''Wë gr'''ôce'''/Wë gr'''ajece'''2nd të gr'''ôsz'''/të gr'''ajesz''' wa gr'''ôta'''/wa gr'''ajeta'''3rd òn, òna, òno gr'''ô'''/òn, òna, òno gr'''aje''' òni, òne gr'''ają'''/ òni, òne gr'''ają'''====Class IV====+Conjugation IV (-ém, -ész) infinitive (wiedzec) Singular Plural Polite1st jô wi'''ém''' më wi'''émë'''Wë wi'''éce'''2nd të wi'''ész''' wa wi'''éta'''3rd òn, òna, òno wi'''é''' òni, òne wi'''edzą'''====bëc====+bëc infinitive (bëc) Singular Plural Polite1st jô jem më jesmëWë jesce2nd të jes wa jesta3rd òn, òna, òno je òni, òne są====Non-Present forms====The second person singular imperative is formed by using the bare verb stem (''-∅''), ''-ij(-ëj)''/''-i(-ë)'', or ''-ôj''.",
"The second person plural imperative is formed the same way and ''-ta'' is added.",
"The first person plural imperative (the so-called hortative is formed the same way and -më is added.When perfective verbs are inclined according to present endings, a future tense is formed.",
"Imperfective verbs form the future using a future form of and a past form or the infinitive.The past tense is formed in 3 different ways:Archaically with a present tense form of and a past form.The most common, modern way is to take a past tense form with a pronoun or noun.",
"Regionally a combined form of is added.A type of past perfect can be formed using a present tense form of and the past participle of the verb.Forms ending ''-ała'' can be shortened to ''-a''.An obsolete pluperfect can formed using the appropriate past form of , followed by the past form of the verb, or by using a past form of or plus the passive participle.The subjunctive mood can be formed using and the past tense of the verb.The passive voice is formed with and the passive participle.The infinitive ending is ''-c''.The active adverbial participle formed with ''-ąc'' (more common ''-ącë'') is uncommon in spoken Kashubian, appearing more in literature.The active adjectival participle is formed with ''-ący''.The passive adjectival participle is formed with ''-ty'', ''-ny'', or ''-ony'', and to some extent ''-łi''.The anterior adverbial pariticple is formed with ''-łszë'' or ''-wszë'' from perfective verbs.===Pronouns===The possessive pronouns as well as the determiner pronouns and the numeral take adjectival declensions.",
"The possessive pronouns sometimes have contracted forms, such as .The third person oblique forms such as have the alternative forms when after a preposition.Personal pronounsSingularPlural1st2nd3rd1st2nd3rdPolitemasc.fem.neut.epic.fem.Nominative/vocative (''nazéwôcz/wòłiwôcz'')jôtëònònaònomëwaòni/niòne/ònë/nëWëGenitive (''rodzôcz'')mie, mniecebie/cejegò/niegò/gòji/jé/nijegònas/najuwas/wajujich/jejich/nichjich/jejich/nichWasDative (''dôwôcz'')mie, mnietobie/cë/cebiejemù/mùjijemù/mùnóm/nama/namiwamajim/jimajim/jimaWóm/WamiAccusative (''winowôcz'')mie, miã, mniecebie/ce/cãjegò/jen/gòjã/niãje/nienas/najuwas/wajujichjeWasInstrumental (''narzãdzôcz'')mnątobąnimniąnimnamawamanimi/jima/nimanimi/jima/nimaWama/WamiLocative (''môlnik'')mie/mniecebie/tobienimninimnas/najuwas/wajunichnichWasCasereflexive sã/sebieNominative/vocative (''nazéwôcz/wòłiwôcz'')—Genitive (''rodzôcz'')sebie/se/sãDative (''dôwôcz'')sobie/se/soAccusative (''winowôcz'')sebie/sã/soInstrumental (''narzãdzôcz'')sobąLocative (''môlnik'')sebie/sobie===Numerals===Kashubian has a complex system of numerals and related quantifiers, with special rules for their inflection, for the case of the governed noun, and for verb agreement with the resulting noun phrase.",
"Kashubian uses the long scale.+NumeralsNumeralCardinalOrdinal0.nulnulowi1.jedenpierszi2.dwadrëdżi3.trzëtrzecy4.sztërëczwiôrti/czwôrti5.piãcpiąti6.szescszósti7.sétmë/sedemsótmi/sódmi8.òsmë/òsemósmi9.dzewiãcdzewiąti10.dzesãcdzesąti11.jednôscejednôsti12.dwanôscedwanôsti13.trzënôscetrzënôsti14.sztërnôscesztërnôsti15.piãtnôscepiãtnôsti16.szestnôsceszestnôsti17.sétmënôsce/sedemnôscesétmënôsti/sedemnôsti18.òsmënôsce/òsemnôsceòsmënôsti/òsemnôsti19.dzewiãtnôscedzewiãtnôsti20.dwadzescedwadzesti30.trzëdzescëtrzëdzesti40.sztërdzescësztërdzesti50.piãcdzesątpiãcdzesąti60.szescdzesątszescdzesąti70.sétmëdzesąt/sedemdzesątsétmëdzesąti/sedemdzesąti80.òsmëdzesąt/òsemdzesątòsmëdzesąti/òsemdzesąti90.dzewiãcdzesątdzewiãcdzesąti100.stosetny200.dwastadwasetny300.trzëstatrzësetny400.sztërëstasztërësetny500.piãcsetpiãcsetny600.szescsetszescsetny700.sétmëset/sedemsetsétmësetny/sedemsetny800.òsmëset/òsemsetòsmësetny/òsemsetny 900.dzewiãcsetdzewiãcsetny1,000.tësąc1tësączny1,000,000.milión1milionowi1,000,000,000.miliard1 — 1,000,000,000,000.bilión1 — 1) Grammatically a noun.===Other parts of speech===Some adverbs, pronouns, and all conjunctions, interjections, particles, and prepositions are indeclinable."
],
[
"Syntax",
"Kashubian has a typical set of sentence types, including declarative, nominal, exclamatory, imperative, interrogatory, and compound sentences."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"**"
],
[
"Further reading",
"***"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Mark Higley"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Mark Higley''' is an American politician from Vermont.",
"He has been a Republican member of the Vermont House of Representatives for the Orleans-Lamoille District since 2009.Higley was born in Brattleboro, Vermont."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"185th Rifle Division"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''185th Rifle Division''' was formed as an infantry division of the Red Army just as the Second World War was beginning, in the Oryol Military District, based on the pre-September 13, 1939 ''shtat'' (table of organization and equipment).",
"As a standard rifle division it took part in the Soviet occupation of Lithuania in June 1940.In early 1941 it was selected for conversion to a motorized infantry division, but in fact it had received little in the way of vehicles by the start of the German invasion and so was a rifle division in all but name.",
"It was sent to join Northwestern Front in the Baltic states with its 21st Mechanized Corps, and was soon assigned to 27th Army.",
"Under these commands the division retreated through July and August as the German 16th Army advanced behind in the general direction of Novgorod.",
"On August 25 it was officially reorganized as a regular rifle division.During September it was substantially rebuilt with a large influx of conscripts.",
"When the Army Group Center launched Operation Typhoon in the first days of October the division was forced to retreat into the Valdai Hills, where it became part of Vatutin's Operational Group and within days Kalinin Front.",
"Later that month it took part on the fighting along the KalininTorzhok road, especially in the Mednoye area, in which a large part of XXXXI Panzer Corps was encircled and forced to break out, at considerable cost.",
"In the last stages of the German offensive on Moscow in November it was on the right flank of 30th Army on the north bank of the Volga River and then went over to the counteroffensive on December 6, driving south to recapture Klin, which happened on December 15.As the counteroffensive expanded the 185th was pulled into fighting for the town of Rzhev as part of 29th, 39th, and later 22nd Armies.",
"It was badly damaged in a German counterattack in July 1942, and in November/December took part in an abortive advance up the valley of the Luchesa River.",
"After rebuilding during early 1943, elements of the division staged a successful operation for a German strongpoint in August, earning the 185th its first battle honor.",
"It was then reassigned, first to 3rd Shock and later 6th Guards Army, and played a relatively small part in the October - December battles near Nevel.",
"It was removed from the front lines in early 1944 and railed south to join the 77th Rifle Corps of 47th Army in 1st Belorussian Front, where it remained into the postwar.",
"In the concluding phase of Operation Bagration it earned a second honorific during the fighting near Warsaw."
],
[
"Formation",
"The division was formed at Belgorod in the Oryol Military District in September 1939.It was based on the 163rd Rifle Regiment of the 55th Rifle Division.",
"In June 1940 it was moved to the Byelorussian Military District and from there it took part in the Soviet occupation of Lithuania beginning on June 15.In early 1941 it was pulled back to the Moscow Military District to be reorganized."
],
[
"185th Motorized Division",
"The division began reforming on March 11, as part of the prewar buildup of Soviet mechanized forces, at Idritsa, as part of the 21st Mechanized Corps.",
"Its order of battle was as follows:* 280th Motorized Rifle Regiment* 415th Motorized Rifle Regiment* 660th Motorized Rifle Regiment* 124th Tank Regiment* 470th Artillery Regiment* 49th Antitank Battalion* 13th Antiaircraft Battalion* 125th Reconnaissance Battalion* 340th Light Engineer Battalion* 194th Signal Battalion* 155th Medical/Sanitation Battalion* 22nd Motor Transport Battalion* 148th Repair and Restoration Battalion* 64th Division Artillery Workshop* 118th Field Repair Shop* 100th Motorized Field Bakery* 364th Field Postal Station* 505th Field Office of the State BankMaj.",
"Gen. Pyotr Lukich Rudchuk moved up from deputy commander of the division to full commander on the day the conversion began.",
"It had an unusual composition for a Soviet motorized division with three motorized rifle regiments instead of the usual two, owing to the fact that it was formed from a full division.",
"21st Mechanized (42nd and 46th Tank Divisions, 185th Motorized, and 11th Motorcycle Regiment) was in the Reserve of the Supreme High Command on June 22.In reality, the Corps had no tanks at all, and trucks were in very short supply, so most of the riflemen were on foot.",
"The 185th had 90 percent of its assigned personnel, but 75 percent of them had been received from April to June, leaving very little time for unit or individual training.By the beginning of July the 21st Mechanized Corps had been moved to the reserves of Northwestern Front.",
"It was soon assigned to 27th Army.",
"When Barbarossa began this Army was in Latvia, acting as a backup to the Front's main forces.",
"Over the first 18 days of the invasion the Front's forces had to retreat as far as 600km in the face of Army Group North's attack, with 27th Army withdrawing in the direction of Kholm, being slowly pursued by II Army Corps, which captured the town in early August.",
"On August 12 the Front's 11th and 34th Armies scored a short-lived success at Staraya Russa, but once this was reversed the Front pulled back across the Lovat River.General Rudchuk left his command on August 18; he served in command of several reserve cavalry regiments and brigades for the duration of the war.",
"Lt. Col. Konstantin Nikolaevich Vindushev took over command of what remained of the 185th, and on August 25 reality was acknowledged when the division was officially reformed as a regular rifle division."
],
[
"Reformation",
"Once reformed as a rifle division the 185th's order of battle became as follows:* 257th Rifle Regiment* 280th Rifle Regiment (from 280th Motorized Rifle Regiment)* 1319th Rifle Regiment (from reservists)* 695th Artillery Regiment* 49th Antitank Battalion* 125th Reconnaissance Company (later 158th Reconnaissance Battalion)* 340th Sapper Battalion* 194th Signal Battalion (later 586th Signal Company)* 155th Medical/Sanitation Battalion* 98th Chemical Defense (Anti-gas) Company* 22nd Motor Transport Battalion (until October 2, 1941)* 22nd Motor Transport Company (until September 10, 1942)* 269th Motor Transport Company (until June 25, 1943)* 268th Motor Transport Company* 335th Field Bakery* 1031st Divisional Veterinary Hospital* 364th Field Postal Station* 505th Field Office of the State BankLt.",
"Colonel Vindushev remained in command.",
"On the same day, Army Group North's 18th Army resumed its advance on Leningrad, which was encircled on September 8.Later in the month the Novgorod Operational Group, under Northwestern Front command, was formed, and by October 1 it consisted of the 185th, 180th, and 305th Rifle Divisions, plus the 3rd Tank Division, which had no tanks and was converting to infantry.",
"The Group was defending a 30km sector along the Volkhov River from Dubrovka to Lake Ilmen."
],
[
"Battle for Kalinin",
"Army Group Center launched its Operation Typhoon on September 30 in an attempt to capture Moscow before winter.",
"This offensive was an immediate success, with four Soviet armies encircled and largely destroyed by October 10 in the Vyazma area.",
"With their flanks exposed the armies on each side were forced to fall back.",
"Lt. Gen. N. F. Vatutin, the chief of staff of Northwestern Front, was ordered to organize a force to defend the city of Kalinin.",
"Vatutin's Operational Group would consist of the 183rd and 185th Rifle Divisions, the 46th and 54th Cavalry Divisions, the 8th Tank Brigade, 46th Motorcycle Regiment, and an unnumbered Guards Mortar battalion.During the period since its reformation the 185th had been relatively disengaged from the fighting, and had also received a considerable influx of replacements, so that it now had a strength of 12,046 personnel, armed with 196 automatic weapons, 17 mortars of all calibres, 32 regimental and divisional guns, but just one antitank gun.",
"Despite this latter shortage, the division was unusually strong in numbers for this period of the war.",
"However, most of these men were again poorly trained conscripts filling the ranks around a much smaller cadre of experienced soldiers.",
"As a result, \"its performance at Kalinin can only be termed lacklustre.\"",
"Vatutin directed the division to complete concentration in the area of Svyatsevo, B. Petrovo, and Budovo on the morning of October 17.",
"''STAVKA'' Directive No.",
"003053, dated 1830 hours the same day, established Kalinin Front, under command of Col. Gen.",
"I. S. Konev, consisting of 22nd, 29th, and 30th Armies plus Vatutin's Operational Group, which now also included the 246th Rifle Division.The city of Kalinin had fallen to the 1st Panzer Division of XXXXI Panzer Corps on October 14.On the same day the 8th Tank Brigade, commanded by Col. P. A. Rotmistrov, was racing toward Vyshny Volochyok and Torzhok from Valdai, with the 183rd and 185th Divisions, and the two cavalry divisions, in its wake.",
"The following day the panzers, along with the 900th ''Lehr'' Brigade, began crossing the bridge they had seized over the Volga, as the first stage of a grandiose plan to link up with Army Group North through the Valdai Hills, which would encircle Northwestern Front.",
"This plan not only disregarded the continuing resistance of Red Army forces, but also the state of the roads and the logistical shoestring the German forces were operating on.",
"The latter was worsened when the 21st Tank Brigade launched a surprise raid on the supply lines south of the city on October 17.At 0600 hours the same day, 1st Panzer and 900th Lehr began their drive up the KalininTorzhok road and made steady progress through the morning.",
"At noon the headquarters of XXXXI Corps recorded that there was a possibility of capturing the bridge at Mednoye, crossing the Tvertsa River about 28km from Kalinin and nearly halfway to Torzhok.",
"In the event, not only was this objective taken but the panzer column pressed on to the village of Marino, 14km farther along.",
"Only a depleted tank regiment of 8th Tank Brigade was providing any resistance before being withdrawn to the northeast, uncovering the road.",
"Once he learned of this, Konev \"hit the ceiling\" and demanded Rotmistrov's arrest for cowardice.",
"Vatutin chose to send Rotmistrov a blistering order, stating:Later in the day, Maj. Dr. J. Eckinger, the commander of 1st Panzer's advance detachment, was killed while leading his troops in an effort to outflank Rotmistrov's tanks.",
"This death symbolically marked the end of the advance on Torzhok.===Battle for the Torzhok Road===By the evening the forces that the Soviet command had envisioned to reverse this German advance were moving into place.",
"The 183rd Division had already moved through Torzhok, and its leading elements were fighting in the Marino area.",
"Lt.",
"Colonel Vindushev had led his men to positions about 16km north of Mednoye, with the two cavalry divisions ahead of them.",
"Altogether, Vatutin's Group consisted of about 20,000 men (of which the 185th made up more than half), 200 guns and mortars, and twenty operational tanks.",
"Its opponents had far fewer men, strung out over 54km of road, low on fuel and ammunition, and partly encircled.",
"Vatutin gave orders for a general attack at dawn on October 18; the 185th and 8th Tanks would make a joint attack due south toward Mednoye.",
"Although the 133rd Rifle Division's attack northeast of Kalinin cut the road at its base early on, the 185th was late in reaching its jumping-off positions and the 8th Tanks was still reorganizing near Likhoslavl.",
"On the same day Vatitin's Group came under command of 31st Army.",
"In his evening report to ''STAVKA'', Konev stated that the 185th was \"marching on Torzhok\"; this was flatly false, as were many other statements in this document.By 0800 hours on October 19 the XXXXI Corps reported that the situation of 1st Panzer was \"critical\"; it and 900th ''Lehr'' would be forced to abandon Marino.",
"At Mednoye, one Soviet account states that the 1319th Rifle Regiment, supported by a tank regiment of 8th Tanks, made use of the cover of fog to attack from woods north of the town, taking the defenders by surprise.",
"Despite bombing by the ''Luftwaffe'' after the weather cleared, Mednoye was taken by 1400 hours, releasing 500 Red Army men who had been captured.",
"However, Vatutin's orders to Vindushev are somewhat contradictory:Given that the distance from Likhoslavl to Mednoye is 19km, it's doubtful that any attack was made at dawn.",
"None of this can be reconciled with the records of 1st Panzer, which state: \"Also on the evening of 19 October, the division does not want to give up Mjednoje Mednoye yet, since the enemy is not active there, and reconnaissance reports the area 5-8km around as free of the enemy.",
"\"Before dawn on October 20 the 1st Motorcycle Battalion of 1st Panzer was attacked from north and south, taking heavy losses in both machines and men.",
"The northern prong was the 185th with 8th Tanks, finally pushing into Mednoye and linking up with 243rd Rifle Division attacking from the south.",
"This action cut off 900th ''Lehr'', which was withdrawing from Marino, from 1st Panzer.",
"The brigade was directed to attempt a \"do or die\" breakout from Mednoye through the area between the Torzhok road and the Tma River, all with minimal fuel and ammunition.",
"The spearhead of 1st Panzer was reporting that it was no longer able to attack and would require rest before it could break out of encirclement.",
"Its path back to Kalinin was blocked mainly by the 133rd Division.Overnight, Vatutin prepared his final orders to his Group.",
"These orders, which may have never actually been issued, called for the 185th and 8th Tanks to finish off all German forces in the Mednoye area before advancing across the Volga all the way to the western tip of the Moscow Sea.",
"This was part of an impractical plan intended to fulfil Konev's earlier \"large solution\" of encircling all of XXXXI Corps.",
"That these orders were probably not issued is reflected in the fact that shortly after the 185th was moved to 30th Army ''without'' the 8th Tanks.",
"This Army's next task was to retake Kalinin itself with attacks from the northeast, north and southeast.",
"During October 21 some remnants of 1st Panzer managed to escape the pocket, after destroying all their vehicles except the tanks, and the pocketed forces were within 3km of Kalinin, being supported by shuttle flights of Ju 87 dive bombers to keep the Soviet forces at bay.",
"Despite this support the breakout attempt was put off to the next day.According to a postwar Soviet history of the fighting on the Kalinin axis:German sources state that from October 13 to 18 the 1st Panzer and 900th ''Lehr'' suffered a total of 457 casualties, while over the next two days 1st Panzer alone lost an additional 501 men; the 900th also took substantial losses during the latter period.",
"The battle for the Torzhok road would mark the first permanent liberation of Soviet territory during the war.",
"On October 27 the forces of Army Group North that were intending to meet up with XXXXI Corps to encircle Northwestern Front were compelled to withdraw across the Volkhov.===Counterattack on Kalinin===Konev took October 22 to reorganize his forces prior to launching an offensive to retake Kalinin.",
"As part of this effort his orders included:In the event the 185th would not take part in this attack.",
"German 9th Army had taken the town of Rzhev on October 14 and since then had been slowly advancing north against 22nd Army.",
"This put pressure on Konev's right flank and could have led to the loss of Torzhok from another direction.",
"To begin with he moved the 183rd Division and the Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade to backstop 22nd Army.",
"It appears that Konev was unsure if this was an adequate precaution and hedged his bets by retaining the 185th as a Front asset.",
"It was still by far the strongest division he had available, and 30th Army would have no real chance to retake Kalinin without it.",
"Vindushev was ordered to \"establish a defensive line by the morning of 24 October\" with positions 12-20km northeast of the city, on each side of the road to Bezhetsk.",
"Konev initially detached the 257th Rifle Regiment to reinforce the severely depleted 5th Division, but within days the plan to retake the city was put on hold, in the event for another two months.",
"By the beginning of November the 257th was under direct command of the Front, but during the month it returned to Vindushev's control."
],
[
"Battle of Moscow",
"On November 15 Army Group Center renewed its Moscow offensive.",
"At this time 30th Army (5th and 185th Divisions, 107th Motorized Rifle Division, 46th Cavalry, 8th and 21st Tanks, and other units, a total of about 23,000 men) was defending a line from Malye Peremerki (6km southeast of Kalinin) to Slygino to Tsvetkovo to Dorono and then along the east bank of the Lama River.",
"The 185th, which had been serving as Kalinin Front's reserve, remained in reserve positions near Zhornovka, 6km north of Kalinin.",
"During the night of November 15/16 Vindushev was ordered to move to the Zavidovo area to become the 30th Army reserve; this movement continued through November 17.Over the first three days German forces attacked all along the Army's front, with the main effort south of the Moscow Sea, where the boundary with Kalinin Front was located.",
"For this reason, the Army was transferred to Western Front at 2300 hours on November 17.The 3rd and 4th Panzer Armies intended to encircle Moscow from the north by attacking in the KlinSolnechnogorsk and Istra directions.The next day German mobile troops advancing on the Zavidovo axis ran into tough resistance attempting to reach the road to Klin.",
"The 185th was holding a sector about 15km wide from Sverdlovo to Vidogoshch, north of on the left bank of the Volga.",
"In the first five days of the offensive the German mobile forces had advanced 15-25km and had failed to achieve a breakthrough.",
"The offensive continued on November 21 with one group, consisting of 6th Panzer and 14th Motorized Divisions, attacking from about 10km southeast of Zavidovo.",
"By the end of the next day Klin had been half encircled, and this was completed on November 23, with the town falling soon after.",
"By the next day, while a wedge had been forced between 30th Army and 16th Army to its south and gains had been made toward Moscow, the Soviet front had bent but not broken.",
"By the morning of November 28 the right flank forces of 30th Army, including the 185th, were continuing to hold their positions on the left bank of the Volga, throwing back all German efforts to infiltrate the lines.",
"Over the next two days the division continued to improve its positions while German activity was minimal.",
"During December 2-5 the German forces facing 30th Army went over to the defense, guarding the flank of their groups still trying to reach Moscow.===Moscow Counteroffensive===During the last days of the German offensive the 20th and 1st Shock Armies arrived on the right flank of Western Front to backstop the 30th and 16th; 30th Army was also reinforced with three fresh divisions.",
"It went over to the counteroffensive on December 6.While it attacked across its entire front the main thrust was against Klin, with a secondary thrust on Rogachevo; these did not involve the 185th.",
"Under this pressure German forces began a partial withdrawal on Klin and Solnechnogorsk.",
"During December 8 the 185th, with the 379th Rifle and 82nd Cavalry Divisions, engaged the 36th Motorized Division along a line from Shetakovo to Minino to Berezino.",
"This line had been extensively fortified and slow progress was made slower when the 185th came under air attack.From December 9-11, 30th Army's right flank forces fought intensive battles with 36th Motorized and the 86th Infantry Division.",
"It was not until the 11th that the 185th was able to force the 36th from Varakseno and Arkhangelskoe.",
"The following day the Army attacked along both of its flanks.",
"By 1300 hours the division had liberated Bezborodovo, Mokshino and Kabanovo while continuing to advance toward Novozavidovsky.",
"At the end of the day the Army had Klin half-encircled.",
"The 185th attacked along the south shore of the Moscow Sea on December 12, capturing several objectives while pursuing the defeated German troops ahead of them.",
"By the end of December 14 and the following night the division, along with the 379th and a mobile group that the Army had formed, continued to constrict the German Klin grouping, reaching a line 12km northwest of Vysokovsk.",
"However, 1st Shock was unable to overcome German resistance and complete the encirclement.",
"Most of the German grouping were old opponents of the 185th, including 1st Panzer, 900th ''Lehr'', and 36th Motorized, totalling about 18,000 combat troops and 150 tanks.",
"At 0200 on December 15 units of 30th Army's 371st Rifle Division entered the town.",
"Prisoners were taken and substantial equipment captured, but the remains of the garrison were able to filter into Vysokovsk under pursuit.30th Army returned to Kalinin Front at 1200 hours on December 16, the same day the city was liberated.",
"The Army was to capture Staritsa with its left wing while the right wing blocked the retreat of the 9th Army's forces from Kalinin."
],
[
"Battles for Rzhev",
"Rzhev salient 1941-1942.Note positions of 30th and 29th Armies.The first Rzhev-Vyazma offensive began on January 8, 1942, based on a directive from the ''STAVKA'' of the previous day, which stated the objective \"to encircle, and then capture or destroy the enemy's entire MozhayskGzhatskViaz'ma grouping\".",
"Kalinin Front's right wing would attack from northwest of Rzhev toward Sychyovka and Vyazma.",
"Within days the forces of 29th Army were moving to encircle Rzhev from the west, reaching as close as 8km to the city by January 11.The ''STAVKA'' ordered General Konev that it be taken the following day, but despite reinforcements the effort fell short.",
"Later in the month the 185th was transferred to this Army.On January 21–22 the German forces southwest and west of Vyazma went over to the attack.",
"The immediate aim was to free the German troops encircled in the Olenino area and the close the gap through which supplies were flowing to 29th and 39th Armies and the 11th Cavalry Corps.",
"The gap was closed on January 23 and the two armies now had only a narrow corridor between Nelidovo and Bely for communications with the Front.",
"Realizing the danger of the situation Konev ordered 30th Army westward to attempt to reopen the gap.",
"However, further German attacks on February 5 broke communications between 39th and 29th Armies and the latter was now completely encircled.",
"30th Army made repeated efforts to break through the German defenses near Nozhkino and Kokoshkino; at times only 3–4km remained to reach the encircled units, which were striving to break out to the north.",
"By mid-month Konev had ordered the 29th Army commander, Maj. Gen. V. I. Shvetsov, \"to withdraw in the general direction of Stupino\", to the southwest toward 39th Army.",
"He was further ordered \"to bring out the troops in an organized fashion; if it is impossible to bring out the artillery, heavy machine guns and mortars, to bury such equipment in the woods.\"",
"The units of 29th Army began to trickle out of encirclement to link up with 39th Army on the night of February 17 and continued for the next several days.",
"By February 28 5,200 men had come out of the pocket, 800 of which were wounded.",
"The Army's losses between January 16 and February 28 amounted to 14,000 men.During February 19-22 the remnants of the 185th concentrated southwest of the village of Praseki; it had only 1,743 men still on strength.",
"Among the casualties was Lt.",
"Colonel Vindushev, who was wounded and evacuated.",
"He returned to the front on May 21 as commander of the 27th Guards Rifle Division, and then served as commander of seven different brigades and divisions as a colonel before ending the war leading the 106th Guards Rifle Division and being promoted to the rank of major general on April 20, 1945.After the war he joined the tank and mechanized forces, and retired in April 1956.He was replaced by Lt. Col. Stanislav Gilyarovich Poplavsky.",
"This Polish officer would end the war as a major general in command of the First Polish Army.",
"On March 11 he was in turn replaced by Maj. Gen. Sergei Georgievich Goryachev, who was concurrently in command of the 256th Rifle Division.===Operation Seydlitz===In March the 185th was assigned to 39th Army.",
"During the following months the Army held its positions, always under severe supply constraints, especially during the spring ''rasputitsa''.",
"General Goryachev left the division on May 6 to attend the Voroshilov Academy.",
"He was replaced by Col. Mikhail Fyodorovich Andriushchenko, who had been serving as chief of staff of the 256th.",
"This officer would be promoted to the rank of major general on February 4, 1943.In May and June, Army Group Center began planning a limited offensive to eliminate the smaller Soviet salients to its rear.",
"By this time the 185th had been transferred to 22nd Army, still in Kalinin Front.",
"Operation ''Seydlitz'' began on July 2, and faced heavy resistance, but by July 5 the commander of 39th Army, Lt. Gen.",
"I. I. Maslennikov, had decided to withdraw from the salient.",
"On July 9, the escape corridor was more-or-less sealed, and several subunits of the 185th had become encircled again.",
"Beginning on July 15, those elements of the division outside the encirclement probed the German lines to make contact at points where a breakout could be possible.",
"On July 18, Andriushchenko sent a reconnaissance force through the German lines to link up with 39th Army headquarters.",
"This was now under Lt. Gen.",
"I.",
"A. Bogdanov, as Maslennikov had been wounded.",
"In the course of the day all the scattered and disorganized units of in the pocket were combined into a single regiment, which became part of the 256th Division.",
"On July 20, Andriushchenko made another probing attack to assist Bogdanov.",
"Bogdanov decided to make a sudden breakout attempt in coordination with units of 22nd and 41st Armies.",
"Despite stubborn German resistance, by 2300 hours on July 21 3,500 had come out of the encirclement and by 0400 on July 22 more than 10,000 men.",
"A report from 22nd Army stated:During July, 39th Army recorded 23,647 total personnel losses, including 22,749 missing-in-action; this may or may not have included the pocketed units of the 185th.===Operation Mars===Operation Mars.",
"Note position of 22nd Army and penetration into the Luchesa valley.At the start of the November offensive 22nd Army was under command of Lt. Gen. V. A. Yushkevich and consisted of about 80,000 personnel, as well as 270 tanks due to the presence of the 3rd Mechanized Corps.",
"The Army faced relatively weak defenses along the valley of the Luchesa River held by the 216th Grenadier Regiment of the 86th Infantry Division of XXXXI Panzer Corps and the 252nd Grenadier Regiment of the 110th Infantry Division of XXIII Army Corps.",
"Yushkevich's characteristic plan was to attack at the boundary between the two divisions while also staging a demonstration attack with his 362nd Rifle Division.",
"The Army carried out an extensive regrouping prior to the start of the offensive, moving up the 3rd Mechanized while Colonel Andriushchenko concentrated his 280th and 1319th Rifle Regiments on a 2km-wide sector just south of the Luchesa, leaving the 257th to cover the remainder of the division's sector, which extended 15km to the north.",
"The two regiments, flanked by the 238th Rifle Division to the south, were to attack early in the morning of November 25, penetrate the German defenses, and clear a passage for the mechanized forces to advance up the valley.The terrain facing the Army was formidable.",
"The river was narrow and winding, flanked on both sides by heavy forests and frozen swamps.",
"There was one improved track that followed the river and few tracks to follow through the forests.",
"The nearest real road was that which linked Olenino to Bely, almost 20km from the front.",
"The artillery preparation began at 0730 hours and shortly before 0900 the men of the 185th went into the attack.",
"While the artillery had been effective in many places, the scattered nature of the German strongpoint defense made it impossible to eliminate every position.",
"Thus, while some forward battalions made good progress, others were held up by fire from undestroyed German bunkers.",
"Moreover, the tank support provided by 3rd Mechanized, which amounted to a tank company for each assaulting rifle battalion, was uneven due to the terrain and uncleared minefields.",
"During the first hours the two regiments pushed through the forward defenses, but then came up on a number of fortified villages in open ground which slowed the advance.",
"At noon the 1st Guards Tank Brigade came up to provide support, which allowed the 185th's regiments to gain another 1,000m, but a limited attack by the 257th north of the Luchesa made no progress at all.",
"At dusk, Andriushchenko halted the assault, and made preparations to cross the river northward in the morning to seize the fortified town of Grivo.At dawn on the following day, after another artillery preparation, the assault was renewed.",
"The 280th Regiment made an attack across the frozen Luchesa and obtained a foothold on the north bank.",
"This success forced the defenders to leave their forward positions and withdraw in good order to Grivo.",
"As the 280th approached it was met with heavy fire from small arms, machine guns, and mortars, while artillery fire blasted its ranks.",
"1st Guards Tanks struggled to cross the river and fell behind, and without their support the infantry assault faltered by noon.",
"At the same time, the 1319th Regiment, backed by most of 1st Guards Tanks, penetrated the positions south of the river and began a slow advance on both sides of the \"road\" to Starukhi.",
"This came to a halt halfway to the village when the regiment was struck by a heavy counterattack by newly-arrived German motorized infantry.",
"The two sides traded territory through the rest of the day, while the tanks suffered heavy losses.",
"Toward dusk the 1st Guards commander, Maj. Gen. M. Ye.",
"Katukov, withdrew the brigade to regroup and recombine with the vehicles that had crossed the river.",
"The fresh German troops turned out to be the 2nd Battalion of the Grenadier Regiment of ''Großdeutschland'' Motorized Division.Early on November 27 the 22nd Army finally began experiencing some success.",
"The 280th resumed its attack on Grivo, now without tanks, but now the concentrated 1st Guards Tanks, joined by the 3rd Mechanized Brigade, forced aside the grenadiers along the Starukhi road with the help of the 1319th, eventually reaching the outskirts of the town which was also heavily defended.",
"The 1319th now forced a small lodgement across the river south of Grivo.",
"Meanwhile, the 238th Division pushed the German forces back into the village of Karskaya while 49th Tank Brigade raced into the open country south of Starukhi until they were halted north of Goncharovo by further German reinforcements.",
"General Yushkevich believed that the penetration was finally occurring but by nightfall the advance had once again been halted by stiffening resistance.Kalinin Front expected a decisive attack on November 28 that would clear the Luchesa valley and drive to the OleninoBely road, but the arrival of ''Großdeutschland'' turned the battle into a two-day vicious slugfest.",
"An overnight regrouping was hindered by driving snow, and the planned attack was delayed until noon.",
"Early on November 29 both sides attacked virtually simultaneously.",
"North of the river the two regiments of the 185th failed to take Grivo.",
"Despite this setback the remaining forces of 22nd Army drove the defenders to the point of collapse, and the commanders of the two German corps set about scraping up every available reserve to contain the attack.",
"On the other hand, Yushkevich had lost almost half of his original 270 tanks destroyed, and losses in the 185th and 238th were over 50 percent.Despite his misgivings, Yushkevich issued new orders in the early hours of December 1 to renew the attack at dawn in a staggered manner with all his forces following the strongest artillery preparation he could muster.",
"By now the operation had clearly failed on other some other sectors but the overall commander of the operation, Army Gen. G. K. Zhukov, was determined to persist with any and all successes achieved to date.",
"1st Guards Tanks would lead the attack across the river in the direction of Vasiltsovo, with support from infantry of the 3rd Mechanized.",
"The 1319th Regiment, with a battalion of 1st Mechanized Brigade, would advance on the left of the spearhead, and most of the rest of 3rd Mechanized Corps on its right.",
"All movement was hampered by heavy new snowfall.",
"In fighting whose intensity exceeded that of the previous days, 22nd Army made steady but bloody progress.",
"The mixed infantry and armor force bashed its way out of the Luchesa valley, captured Travino, and drove the defenders to a new line running east from Grivo.",
"The 257th Regiment joined the assault and made a small advance to the north of the 280th.Over the next two days Yushkevich stuck to his plan.",
"On December 2 he committed his last reserves, a rifle brigade and a tank regiment to strengthen the forward formations.",
"Andriushchenko was ordered to throw his entire division against the defenses north and east of Grivo.",
"By dusk on December 3 this finally succeeded and the German battlegroup \"Lindemann\" abandoned the village, falling back to a shorter line 4km to the rear.",
"This withdrawal gave Yushkevich a chance to move additional forces to his right flank, which was now within 2km of the Olenino road, but each time he extended this flank it came up against German reinforcements arriving in the nick of time.",
"By now, 22nd Army was effectively burned out, with well under 100 tanks operational and infantry losses at 60 percent.",
"Zhukov, however, was still demanding that the road be taken.Yushkevich planned to resume his attack at 0900 hours on December 7.However, before dawn on December 6 German motorized reinforcements began arriving along the highway.",
"The counterattack that followed threw 22nd Army completely off balance and drove it back to 6km distance from the highway; most of the Army's sparse reserves were consumed in efforts to regain lost positions.",
"Nevertheless, he was ordered to carry out his planned attack the next morning, which predictably failed.",
"The efforts continued until December 11 when Zhukov called a halt.",
"The 185th was pulled back on December 10 after suffering 4,189 killed and wounded.",
"Yushkevich was removed from command on December 15, replaced by Maj. Gen. D. M. Seleznev.",
"The next day this officer noted the movement of German reserves northward from Bely as the Red Army forces in that sector had been defeated.",
"During the rest of the month German forces attempted to drive 22nd Army back to its starting positions, but this effort ended on January 1, 1943, with most of the Luchesa salient still in Soviet hands."
],
[
"Battle of Nevel",
"In a report by Lt. Gen. A. I. Antonov, the First Deputy Chief of the General Staff, dated January 4, the chief of staff of Kalinin Front was made aware of \"shortcomings in the organization of the defense\" in which the division was specifically noted:In March the division returned to 39th Army, still in Kalinin Front, and in July it was assigned to the 83rd Rifle Corps in the same Army.On August 13 the division carried out an independent operation which successfully liberated a German-held hamlet in the Palkinsky Raion and was soon awarded its name as a unique battle honor:On September 16 the division was withdrawn to the Reserve of the Supreme High Command and on October 1 it was reassigned to 3rd Shock Army, still in Kalinin Front (2nd Baltic Front as of October 20), under direct Army command.Battle of NevelAs of October 1 the 185th had a personnel strength of roughly 5,500 men, and was one of five rifle divisions in the Army.",
"In the deployment for the Nevel operation the Army commander, Lt. Gen. K. N. Galitskii, concentrated most of his divisions and brigades on a 4km-wide penetration sector, supported by all 54 of the Army's tanks and 814 of its guns and mortars.",
"On the other hand, the 185th was deployed to the north, astride the Velikiye LukiNevel road.",
"Galitskii planned to precede his main attack with a reconnaissance-in-force beginning at 0500 hours on October 6.The Army faced the German XXXXIII Army Corps of three divisions, including the 83rd Infantry Division which it had defeated previously at Velikiye Luki, and part of II ''Luftwaffe'' Field Corps.",
"The boundary between the two German corps also marked the boundary between Army Groups North and Center.The reconnaissance was followed by a 90-minute artillery preparation at 0840 hours and air attacks.",
"The 2nd ''Luftwaffe'' Field Division was almost immediately routed.",
"54 vehicles of the 78th Tank Brigade carrying a regiment of the 21st Guards Rifle Division tore deep into the German positions and seized Nevel off the march by the end of the day following an advance of more than 20km.",
"Despite this spectacular early success the German high command quickly assembled reserves to contain the advance while being unable to regain any lost ground.",
"According to Soviet sources the Nevel operation ended on October 10 but local battles for position continued until October 18.===Pustoshka Offensive===In an early morning fog on November 2 the 3rd and 4th Shock Armies penetrated the defenses of the left flank of 3rd Panzer Army southwest of Nevel.",
"After the breakthrough, which opened a 16km-wide gap, 3rd Shock turned to the north behind the flank of German 16th Army while 4th Shock moved southwest behind 3rd Panzer Army.",
"3rd Shock headed deep into the German rear area towards its objective, the town of Pustoshka on the Velikiye Luki-Riga railroad line.",
"By November 7 the Army's lead elements had penetrated more than 30km deep on a 40km front.",
"Army Group North faced an even more dire situation when 6th Guards Army entered the fighting on November 10 in the lake district northeast of Nevel.",
"At about the same time the 185th was moved to the 97th Rifle Corps of this Army, which had been assigned the task of cutting through the long German-held salient that stretched from Novosokolniki nearly as far south as Nevel, although 97th Corps primarily provided protection of the right flank.",
"This attack was repelled and on November 15 the 6th Guards Army was ordered over to the defense, followed by the remainder of 2nd Baltic Front on November 21.On November 28, General Andriushchenko was moved to command the 28th Rifle Division, which had led the breakthrough to Nevel.",
"He would go on to lead the 98th Rifle Corps and the 65th Guards Rifle Division before the end of the war.",
"Col. Sergei Ivanovich Aksyonov took over command of the 185th; he had previously led the 119th Guards Rifle Division.====Redeployment to 1st Belorussian Front====2nd Baltic Front began a new offensive to eliminate the NovosokolnikiNevel salient on the way to Idritsa on December 16.The attack made almost no headway against the fortified German lines, but by late on December 27 Hitler was convinced the salient was a \"useless appendage\" and its evacuation was finished by January 8, 1944.In the follow-up to this the division was again reassigned by January 1 to 96th Rifle Corps, still in 6th Guards Army.",
"Later that month it was moved with its Corps to 10th Guards Army, but on February 8 it returned to the Reserve of the Supreme High Command with its Corps for a substantial rebuilding.",
"While there it was under command of 21st Army, and began moving to the south.",
"When it returned to the fighting front on March 13 it was assigned to the 125th Rifle Corps of 47th Army in 2nd Belorussian Front.",
"When this formation of the Front was merged with 1st Belorussian Front in April the 185th was moved to 77th Rifle Corps, still in 47th Army, and it would remain under these commands for the duration of the war."
],
[
"Operation Bagration",
"At the start of the summer offensive against Army Group Center on June 22/23 the 77th Corps contained the 132nd, 143rd, 185th and 234th Rifle Divisions and 47th Army was one of five Armies on the western flank of the Front, south of the Pripyat Marshes in the area of Kovel, and so played no role in the initial stages of the offensive.",
"Colonel Aksyonov left the division on July 5 and remained in the training establishment for the duration.",
"He was replaced on July 7 by Col. Aleksandr Vasilevich Glushko who had just completed studies at the Voroshilov Academy.===Lublin–Brest Offensive===The west wing Armies joined the offensive at 0530 hours on July 18, following a 30-minute artillery preparation.",
"47th Army's shock group had been shifted to its left flank during July 13-16.Forward detachments of battalion or regimental size attacked and soon determined that the German first and part of the second trench lines had been abandoned, so a further 110-minute preparation was cancelled.",
"The leading Armies (47th, 8th Guards and 69th) reached the second defense zone along the Vyzhuvka River on July 19 and quickly forced a crossing, which led to the zone's collapse by noon, followed by a pursuit of the defeated forces, advancing 20-25km.On July 20 the leading Armies reached the final defense line along the Western Bug River and began taking crossing points off the march with their mobile units.",
"47th Army was now being led by the 2nd Guards Cavalry Corps, and by dusk was fighting along a line from outside Zalesie to Grabowo to Zabuzhye after a further advance of 18-26km.",
"The Front's forces were now in a position to begin the encirclement of the German forces around Brest.The main forces of the Front's left wing were directed against Lublin on July 21, while 47th Army, along with a mobile group of 2nd Guards Cavalry and 11th Tank Corps, was tasked with reaching Siedlce.",
"By the end of July 23 the Army had reached the line DanzePodewuczePszwloka, following an advance of 52km in three days.",
"By July 27 it was running into greater resistance, especially in the area of Biała Podlaska and Mendzizec, which blocked the encirclement of part of the Brest grouping.",
"On July 29 Brest was finally encircled and taken, with Siedlce falling on July 31.By this time, 47th Army was spread across a front of 74km.",
"Meanwhile, on July 28 the 2nd Tank Army was approaching the Praga suburb of Warsaw, which the ''STAVKA'' soon gave orders to be seized, along with bridgeheads over the Vistula River.",
"This Army's attack soon ran into heavy resistance and stalled.",
"The Praga area contained complex and modern fortifications and would prove a hard nut to crack.",
"The German command soon struck with a powerful counterattack of five panzer and one infantry divisions against the boundary of 2nd Tank and 47th Armies in an effort to hold the place, and 2nd Tank was ordered not to attempt to storm the fortifications, but to wait for heavy artillery.",
"In addition, both Armies were suffering severe shortages of fuel and ammunition after the long advance.===Battle for Praga===The Front commander, Marshal K. K. Rokossovskii, planned to take Praga no later than August 8.This was to be carried out by the 2nd Tank, 47th, 28th and 70th Armies.",
"By August 9 it was clear this had failed, and in fact some ground had been lost.",
"The next day, the 47th was to launch an attack toward Kossow and Wyszków.",
"On the same day, Colonel Glushko was mortally wounded.",
"He was replaced by Col. Nikolai Vasilevich Smirnov, who had previously led the 354th Rifle Division, who in turn was replaced by Col. Zenovii Samoilovich Shekhtman on August 22.This officer had begun the war as commander of the 1077th Rifle Regiment of the famous 316th Rifle Division, and had held three divisional commands before the 185th.On September 5, most of the Front went over to the defensive, but the battle for Praga went on until September 14, when the fortress was finally taken, and the division received its name as its second honorific:Despite this success, Colonel Shektman was removed from his command on November 18, and did not see frontline service again.",
"He was replaced by Col. Ivan Vasilevich Gruzdov, who had been serving as Shektman's deputy commander.",
"On November 25, he was in turn replaced by Col. Mikhail Maksimovich Muzykin, who would remain in command for the duration.",
"This officer had previously led the 304th Rifle Division, and on April 6, 1945, would be made a Hero of the Soviet Union."
],
[
"Vistula–Oder Offensive",
"In November, command of 1st Belorussian Front was transferred to Marshall Zhukov.",
"The Front was ordered to launch a supporting attack north of Warsaw with the 47th along a 4km-wide front for the purpose of clearing the German forces between the Vistula and Western Bug, in conjunction with the left wing of 2nd Belorussian Front.",
"Following this the Army was to outflank Warsaw from the northeast and help capture the city in cooperation with the 1st Polish Army and part of 61st and 2nd Guards Tank Armies.The main offensive began on January 12, 1945, but 47th Army did not begin its attack until January 15, with a 55-minute artillery preparation.",
"By day's end it had cleared the inter-river area east of Modlin.",
"Overnight the Army's 129th Rifle Corps forced a crossing of the frozen Vistula.",
"On January 17 the 1st Polish Army began the fight for Warsaw and, threatened with encirclement, the German garrison abandoned it.",
"For their parts in the victory two regiments of the 185th received a battle honor:The next day another regiment gained a similar honor:Following these successes the ''STAVKA'' ordered an all-out advance to the Oder River.",
"47th Army reached the Bzura by 1800 hours that same day.",
"As the Front's right flank lengthened to 110-120km by January 25 the 47th, 1st Polish, and 3rd Shock Armies were brought up to guard against any counteroffensive from German forces in East Pomerania.",
"By the end of the next day elements of the Army captured Bydgoszcz and Nakło nad Notecią."
],
[
"References",
"===Citations======Bibliography===* pp.",
"90, 204* pp.",
"194–95, 337"
],
[
"External links",
"* Pyotr Lukich Rudchuk* Konstantin Nikolaevich Vindushev* Stanislav Gilyarovich Poplavsky* Sergei Georgievich Goryachev* Mikhail Fyodorovich Andriushchenko"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"List of Billboard Global 200 top-ten singles in 2024"
],
[
"Introduction",
"This is a list of singles that charted in the top ten of the ''Billboard'' Global 200, an all-genre singles chart, in 2024."
],
[
"Top-ten singles",
"An asterisk (*) represents that a single is in the top ten as of the issue dated for the week of February 3, 2024.",
"'''Key'''* – indicates single's top 10 entry was also its Global 200 debut+ List of ''Billboard'' Global 200 top ten singles that peaked in 2024Top tenentry dateSingleArtist(s) Peak Peak date Weeks intop ten\"Lovin on Me\" Jack Harlow19*\"La Diabla\"Xavi34*\"Bellakeo\"Peso Pluma and Anitta72\"Stick Season\"Noah Kahan54*\"Lose Control\"Teddy Swims82*\"One of the Girls\"The Weeknd, Jennie and Lily-Rose Depp101\"Yes, And?\"",
"Ariana Grande12*\"Redrum\" 21 Savage52*\"Nee-Nah\" 21 Savage, Travis Scott and Metro Boomin81\"Igual que un Ángel\" Kali Uchis and Peso Pluma92*\"La Victima\"Xavi101\"Murder on the Dancefloor\"Sophie Ellis-Bextor101*===2023 peaks===+ List of ''Billboard'' Global 200 top ten singles in 2024 that peaked in 2023 Top tenentry date Single Artist(s) Peak Peak date Weeks intop ten \"Flowers\" Miley Cyrus128\"Cruel Summer\"Taylor Swift123* \"Seven\" Jungkook featuring Latto121\"Paint the Town Red\"Doja Cat116 \"Greedy\"Tate McRae116*\"Water\"Tyla64 ===Holiday season===+ Holiday titles first making the ''Billboard'' Global 200 top ten during the 2023–24 holiday seasonTop tenentry dateSingleArtist(s) Peak Peak date Weeks intop ten\"Let It Snow!",
"Let It Snow!",
"Let It Snow!",
"\"Dean Martin62 + Recurring holiday titles, appearing in the ''Billboard'' Global 200 top ten in previous holiday seasonsTop tenentry dateSingleArtist(s) Peak Peak date Weeks intop ten \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\"Mariah Carey122\"Last Christmas\"Wham!221\"Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree\"Brenda Lee219 \"Jingle Bell Rock\"Bobby Helms419\"It's Beginning to Look a Lot Like Christmas\"Michael Buble611\"Santa Tell Me\"Ariana Grande514 \"It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year\"Andy Williams710\"Underneath the Tree\"Kelly Clarkson66\"Feliz Navidad\"Jose Feliciano56"
],
[
"Notes",
":The single re-entered the top ten on the week ending January 13, 2024.:The single re-entered the top ten on the week ending February 3, 2024."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Billboard.com* The ''Billboard'' Global 200"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Charles Wilson (Vermont politician)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Charles Wilson''' is an American politician from Vermont.",
"He has been a Republican member of the Vermont House of Representatives for the Caledonia 3 District since 2023.Wilson was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2024 Pac-12 Conference women's basketball tournament"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 Pac-12 Conference women's basketball tournament''' is an upcoming postseason tournament from March 6–10, 2024, at MGM Grand Garden Arena on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada."
],
[
"Seeds",
"SeedSchoolConf.Over.Tiebreak 1Tiebreak 2#1 #2 #3 #4 #5#6 #7 #8#9#10 #11 #12"
],
[
"Schedule",
"SessionGameTimeMatchupTelevisionAttendance First Round – Wednesday, March 61112:00pm#5 vs. #12P12N22:30pm#8 vs. #9236:00pm#7 vs. #1048:30pm#6 vs. #11 Quarterfinals – Thursday, March 73512:00pm#4 vs.",
"Winner of game 1P12N62:30pm#1 vs.",
"Winner of game 2476:00pm#2 vs.",
"Winner of game 388:30pm#3 vs.",
"Winner of game 4 Semifinals – Friday, March 8596:00pmWinner of game 5 vs.",
"Winner of game 6P12N108:30pmWinner of game 7 vs.",
"Winner of game 8 Championship Game – Sunday, March 106112:00pmWinner of game 9 vs.",
"Winner of game 10ESPNGame times in PT.",
"Rankings denote tournament seeds."
],
[
"Bracket",
"Note: * denotes overtime===Pac-12 All-Tournament team======Hall of Honor==="
],
[
"See also",
"* 2024 Pac-12 Conference men's basketball tournament"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Official website – Pac-12 Conference women's basketball tournament"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Hawk's Vengeance"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Hawk's Vengeance''''' is a 1996 Canadian action film directed by Marc F. Voizard, starring Gary Daniels, Jayne Heitmeyer, Cass Magda and George Chiang.",
"The fourth installment of the ''Snake Eater'' franchise, it introduces \"Hawk\" Kelly, the British-raised stepbrother of the previous films' \"Soldier\" Kelly, who investigates his sibling's mysterious death amidst a gang war between ethnic Chinese and white skinheads.",
"The series' usual star Lorenzo Lamas does not appear, and his role is recast with another actor during a brief expository scene."
],
[
"Plot",
"Police officer Jack \"Soldier\" Kelly is lured by a skinhead into a back alley, where two other men ambush him.",
"They gun down Soldier, then cover their tracks by eliminating the skinhead and putting the weapon of the crime in the latter's hand.",
"When informed of the mysterious death, Jack's stepbrother, British Royal Marines lieutenant Eric \"Hawk\" Kelly, flies to the U.S. to seek answers.",
"His brother's partner on the force, Detective Lizzie Hampton, tells him to stay out of it, but he does not heed her request and starts investigating on his own.Hawk meets Lipo, a young member of the Ba Wang, an ethnic Chinese gang, who informs him that Soldier was killed while investigating a rival skinhead group, the Death Skulls.",
"As part of the official investigation, Hampton is called to the morgue, where a badly mutilated body has been delivered: several organs are missing and she recognizes the Ba Wang's tattoo on one arm.",
"Hawk kidnaps the leader of the Skulls and forces him to come clean about the hidden side of their activities, before killing him.The Skulls work for Elias T. Garr, a former marine himself who was once stationed in Southeast Asia, and became a master in the martial art of kali.",
"He has since become a ruthless kingpin, and turned to organ trafficking with the help of his two less-then-competent henchmen, \"Blade\" and Duquesne, and his underground surgeon Dr. Catherine Blythe.",
"Garr uses the Skulls and their war against the Ba Wang to procure bodies for his racket.",
"Much like his sibling, Hawk is skilled in the arts of subterfuge and weapon rigging, and starts whittling down Garr's crime syndicate.",
"Meanwhile, Hampton has noticed Hawk's presence in the vicinity of the Skulls' headquarters, and after confronting him, joins his effort as the two grow feelings for each other."
],
[
"Cast"
],
[
"Production",
"''Hawk's Vengeance'' was the second actioner in quick succession for Quebec director Marc F. Voizard, who had made the Roddy Piper vehicle ''Marked Man'' over the summer, and previously specialized in dramatic television.",
"Canadian co-star Cass Magda was a kali stick fighting instructor in real life, mirroring his character's fighting style in the film.",
"The movie was made at a cost of CAD$2,400,000.As for the two prior sequels, filming took place in the region of Montreal, Quebec, Cinépix's historic home.",
"The local press announced filming dates of October 23 through November 22, 1995, but other sources listed final dates of October 23 through November 27.One day before its projected conclusion, the shoot was disrupted by the theft of a 1.5-ton silent electric generator.",
"The crew regrouped and finished the movie with a hastily procured standard generator, which was louder and made filming more difficult.",
"The producers were dumbfounded by the theft of such an identifiable and unwieldy piece of equipment, a first in the Quebec film industry, and Voizard mentioned a rumor about the existence of a criminal ring that smuggled stolen film gear to South American pornographers."
],
[
"Release",
"===Marketing===The film's sales were handled by Moonstone Entertainment.",
"The company offered two poster arts to prospective customers, one where Daniels struck a martial arts pause, and another where he held a shotgun, to draw different segments of the audience.",
"Miramax, which acquired the film for U.S. release, promoted it via a recurring quiz it ran in newspapers across the nation, offering free tapes to select winners.",
"Martial artist Magda was given top billing alongside Daniels on the U.S. poster, which was not the case on the original.===Home media===In the U.S., the film was part of a batch of four Cinépix features picked up by Miramax around that time.",
"It was released on VHS on October 21, 1997, via their genre label Dimension Home Video, with a LaserDisc following on November 5.The Canadian VHS arrived two weeks after its American counterpart from Cinépix sister company C/FP Video.",
"The film was seen in Daniels' United Kingdom ahead of North America, debuting there in the fourth week of January 1997 via Entertainment in Video."
],
[
"Reception",
"===Rentals===''Hawk's Vengeance'' debuted at number 5 in the direct-to-video rental charts compiled by American trade magazine ''Video Business''.===Critical===As with previous installments of the ''Snake Eater'' franchise, reception has been largely negative.",
"Writing for the Knight Ridder family of newspapers, Randy Myers thought that while \"Daniels was good\", ''Hawk's Vengeance'' displayed \"all-time insipidness\" and was \"downright stupid\".",
"TLA Publications' ''Video and DVD Guide'' thought the star deserved better, opining: \"Somebody give Gary Daniels a break!",
"The handsome action star has talent, great martial arts ability and a likable screen persona, but he is continually cast in crappy grade-Z action flicks like this one.\"",
"While acknowledging that \"youthful members of the martial-arts crowd will probably appreciate the fight scenes\", Alan Levine of ''The Arizona Republic'' was critical of Gary Daniels and Cass Magda's \"bad acting\" and the film's \"predictable stereotypes\".Paul Cole of the ''Birmingham Evening Mail'' advised: \"Watch ''Hawk's Vengeance'' strictly for kicks.",
"Anything else, and you'll be thinking of putting this one in the microwave.\"",
"Ballantine Books' ''DVD & Video Guide'' was indifferent, calling it a \"run-of-the-mill action film\".",
"More positive was Gerard Fratley in his book '' A Century of Canadian Cinema''; calling the film \"not bad\", he found it \"interesting to see the criminal scene through the eyes of 'a copper' from 'over there'\".",
"The BBC's ''RadioTimes'' was perhaps most positive, calling it \"another proficient straight-to-video thriller from Gary Daniels\", but noted that he was \"almost overshadowed by newcomer Cass Magda, who provides a masterclass in sword and stick fighting\"."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Friedrichsburg (Hechingen)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Hechingen with the Friedrichsburg, and Hohenzollern Castle around 1643 by Matthäus MerianFriedrichsburg at the start of the 17th centuryFloor plan (ground?)",
"of the Friedrichsburg by Pierre Michel d'Ixnard (north wing to the right)Hunting party in front of Hechingen and Friedrichsburg castle around 1740Votiv picture showingen Hechingen and Friedrichsburg in 1723Hechingen in 1716'''Friedrichsburg Castle''' () was a princely castle in renaissance style, situated in Hechingen, within the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany.",
"It was the residence of the princes of Hohenzollern-Hechingen.",
"At the start of the nineteenth century, the castle was demolished and replaced by the ‘Neues Schloss’.",
"Today, nothing remains anymore of the Friedrichsburg."
],
[
"History",
"After the division of Hohenzollern in 1576, Eitel Frederick IV, Count of Hohenzollern (1545-1605) decided to build a castle in Hechingen, which he named Friedrichsburg.",
"Construction lasted from 1577 to 1595.Master builders Jörg Schwartzenbergers and Esaias Grubers were involved in the design.Between 11 and 15 October 1598, the castle was the setting for an opulent wedding that Eitel Frederick IV organized for his son Johann Georg, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1577-1623) and Franziska von Salm-Neufville.",
"Around 1,000 guests came to Hechingen for a week-long celebration, including 200 nobles.",
"The margrave of Baden alone travelled with 300 horses.",
"The wedding festivities included the wedding in the palace chapel and a wedding banquet, but also dance events, hunts, gift presentations.",
"The wedding has been immortalized in a poem by the poet Jakob Frischlin (1557-1621).During the 18th century, prince Josef Friedrich Wilhelm (1717-1798) decided to reconstruct the Friedrichsburg.",
"He engaged the French architect Pierre Michel d'Ixnard (1723-1795) to execute the renovations between 1764 and 1768.It is mentioned that a theater was constructed and a princely cabinet.",
"There is even a plan by d'Ixnard to create a whole new baroque wing for the palace, however this was not realized.At the start of the nineteenth century, the castle had become dilapidated.",
"The east wing collapsed in 1812.Prince Friedrich Hermann Otto (1776-1838) decided to demolish the Friedrichsburg in 1814 and replace it by a new residence.",
"The decision was motivated by French reparation funds received from the Congress of Vienna.",
"The ‘Neues Schloss’ was built between 1818 and 1819 basis a design from the architect Rudolf Burnitz.",
"The new palace was never finished as the funds were not sufficient and the principality was in debt.The state museum of Hohenzollern, the 'Hohenzollerisches Landesmuseum', located in Hechingen, created a virtual reconstruction of the Friedrichsburg in 2007.It is displayed in the museum to give its visitors an impression how the destroyed castle looked like."
],
[
"Architecture",
"Schloss Friedrichsburg was a quadrangular castle in renaissance style, similar to Schloss Heiligenberg and Schloss Zeil, near Leutkirch im Allgäu .",
"It was located in the north western corner of the Hechingen city center.Very little is known about the exact dimensions and interior of the castle.",
"There is a blueprint remaining of one of the castle's floors (ground?",
"), drawn by the architect Pierre Michel d'Ixnard.",
"It is estimated that the castle area was approximately 100 times 150 metres, and that the sides of the main building were 75 metres long.There are various engravings and paintings showing the castle's exterior, the most famous one being the city view of Hechingen by Merian.",
"And there are some written contemporary descriptions and bills from craftspeople who worked at the construction of the castle.",
"The castle contained more than 127 rooms.",
"As in Schloss Heiligenberg, a wing (east) was entirely taken up by a large hall on its two upper floors.",
"The ballroom was decorated with a rich carved coffered ceiling (created in 1579), and two magnificent fireplaces on its narrow sides (constructed in 1580) .",
"Also, the palace chapel within the south wing (built at the start of the 1590s) was probably very similar to Schloss Heiligenberg.",
"At the center of the chapel was a large high altar, most of its images have been preserved in the parish church of the neighboring village of Jungingen.",
"On the chapel walls, there were seven Stations of the Cross by the sculptor Joachim Taubenschmid.",
"Some of the stations have been preserved and are shown in the Hohenzollerisches Landesmuseum."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Literature",
"* * * * * *"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Avram Patt"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Avram Patt''' is an American politician from Vermont.",
"He has been a Democratic member of the Vermont House of Representatives for the Lamoille-Washington District since 2019."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Official website* Campaign website"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2023–24 Cleveland State Vikings women's basketball team"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2023–24 Cleveland State Vikings women's basketball team''' represents Cleveland State University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.",
"The Vikings, led by sixth-year head coach Chris Kielsmeier, play their home games at the Wolstein Center in Cleveland, Ohio as members of the Horizon League."
],
[
"Previous season",
"The Vikings finished the 2022–23 season 30–5, 17–3 in Horizon League play to finish in second place.",
"In the Horizon League tournament, they defeated Milwaukee in the quarterfinals, Northern Kentucky in the semifinals, and top-seeded Green Bay to win the Horizon League championship and earn the conference's automatic bid into the NCAA tournament, clinching their first NCAA tournament appearance since 2010.They received the #13 seed in the Greenville Regional 2, where they would lose to #4 region seed Villanova in the first round."
],
[
"Roster"
],
[
"Schedule and results",
" Exhibition Regular seasonHorizon League tournamentSources:"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Chōsen Jihō"
],
[
"Introduction",
" was a Japanese-language and Korean-language daily newspaper published in Korea from 1894 to 1941.The paper had a predecessor under a different founder that went by .",
"It was founded in Busan on December 5, 1892.It changed its name to at some point afterwards.It consistently rivaled the ''Fuzan Nippō'' paper, also based in Busan, and began to underperform it.",
"After several fires and a 1940 order by the Japanese colonial government for there to be one paper per province, it was absorbed into the ''Fuzan Nippō''.",
"The ''Fuzan Nippō'' was then seized by the United States after the 1945 liberation of Korea, and was converted into the modern South Korean ''Busan Ilbo''."
],
[
"History",
"The newspaper's predecessor catered to a demographic of ''rōnin'' who had settled in Korea.",
"It was headquartered in what is today .",
"It relocated to later.",
"Beginning with the publication of the ''Tokua'', it began publishing in Korean alongside the Japanese.",
"However, it went under a hiatus, possibly due to management difficulties or Japanese press restrictions during the First Sino-Japanese War.Japanese consul in paid 400 won for the acquisition of the paper, and assigned journalist Adachi Kenzō to take over its operations.",
"The paper restarted on November 21, 1894, again in today's Gwangbok-dong area.",
"The paper published in both Japanese and Korean.",
"For its early history, it was closely related to a publication in Japan called the ''Kyushu Nichi Nichi Shinbun'' (), which was based in Kumamoto Prefecture.",
"Many of the paper's employees also hailed from that region, and they even put a restriction on non-Kumamoto employees from having executive positions.Adachi was an ardent nationalist and expansionist, and previously had little experience in journalism.",
"Adachi moved to work in Seoul, and was again provided support to found his own newspaper, ''Kanjō Shinpō.''",
"He and the staff of that newspaper became a primary group involved in the assassination of the Korean queen.",
"The South Korean scholar Park Yong-gu (박용구) argued that the Japanese government wanted to forward its expansion into Korea around this time with Adachi's papers.",
"After Adachi's departure to Seoul, a man surnamed Tataki took over as president.",
"The newspaper reportedly struggled to keep running.",
"It had a circulation of 2,412 in 1910.By 1915, it was still run by Tataki, and was published under the joint-stock company Chōsen Jihōsha (朝鮮時報社).",
"Around that time, it published six pages per issue and charged subscribers 40 sen per month.",
"On April 10, 1919, the company became publicly traded and had capital of 250,000 yen.",
"Around then, it had four employees, including Tataki, and expanded their headquarters.",
"However, the company closed in December 1919 and Tataki went on a hiatus.The company's former employees reopened the company at the end of July 1920.Its president was Amakawa Hirokichi.",
"Amakawa invested money in the company, and renovated the headquarters.",
"The newspaper began distributing to Masan, Daegu, and other cities in southern Korea.The paper was a consistent rival with the ''Fuzan Nippō'', another Japanese paper based in Busan.",
"While the paper initially outperformed the ''Fuzan'', it later began to struggle to compete.",
"By 1933, it reported having 100,000 yen in capital, and reduced the number of pages per issue to four.",
"In the early hours of January 10, 1938, a fire broke out at their factory, and caused 9,000 yen of damages.",
"Unable to purchase new equipment, they printed the papers at another facility in Busan.",
"They again suffered from another fire on February 15, 1940, which caused 3,000 yen of damages.",
"Around that time, the Governor-General of Chōsen mandated that regional newspapers consolidate, so the company was merged into the ''Fuzan Nippō'' on May 27, 1941."
],
[
"Contents",
"Its editorial team was divided into two groups, one that published on \"harder\" stories and one for \"softer\" stories.",
"The paper primarily published on business and economic issues.",
"It regularly published data about trade, agriculture, and fishing.",
"At the time, Busan was a hub for business in Korea.",
"Over time, it followed a typical pattern (according to a writer for the Korean Newspaper Archive) of publications beginning specialized in business, then transitioning to general reporting on current events.",
"The number of advertisements on each issue has been described as high, with many of the advertisements being written in Korean as well."
],
[
"See also",
"* List of newspapers in Korea* History of newspapers in Korea*"
],
[
"References",
"=== Sources ===*"
],
[
"External links",
"* https://nl.go.kr/newspaper/publish_date.do?searchPaper=%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EC%8B%9C%EB%B3%B4 – Most issues available for free in the Korean Newspaper Archive* https://hojishinbun.hoover.org/?a=cl&cl=CL1&sp=csj – Several scanned issues available for free* https://www.loc.gov/item/sn2006058130/ – U.S. Library of Congress entry"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Rui Cristina"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Rui Celestino dos Santos Cristina''' (born 19 May 1979) is a Portuguese civil engineer, member of the Assembly of the Republic and politician.",
"He was a member of the Assembly of the Republic in the XIV and XV legislatures for the Social Democratic Party, elected by the Faro District.",
"On January 26, 2024, it was announced by the president of CHEGA, André Ventura, that he would be head of the list for the Évora electoral circle in the 2024 legislative elections.",
"He is also a member of the Loulé City Council since 2021.In January 2024, he left the PSD and ended the XV legislature as an independent MP."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"The Lollards"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''The Lollards''''' is an 1822 historical novel by the British writer Thomas Gaspey.",
"It was first released in three volumes by the London publishing house Longman.",
"It focuses on the Lollards, a proto-Protestant movement of the fifteenth century, and draws inspiration and style from the popular historical novels of Walter Scott.",
"It also focuses on the invention of the printing press and makes reference to the contemporary Trial of Queen Caroline."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* Burstein, Miriam Elizabeth.",
"''Victorian Reformations: Historical Fiction and Religious Controversy, 1820-1904''.",
"University of Notre Dame Press,2013.",
"* Burwick, Frederick Goslee, Nancy Moore & Hoeveler Diane Long .",
"''The Encyclopedia of Romantic Literature''.",
"John Wiley & Sons, 2012.",
"* Garside, Peter, Raven, James & Schöwerling, Rainer.",
"''The English Novel, 1770-1829''.",
"Oxford University Press, 2000."
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Pocket Bravery"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Pocket Bravery''' is a indie fighting game developed by Statera Studios and published by PQube and PixelHeart.",
"The game was created in pixel art inspired by the chibi aesthetic of the ''Super Gem Fighter Mini Mix'' game and the Neo Geo Pocket Color fighting games.",
"And influenced by the retro 2D games like ''Street Fighter'', ''Fatal Fury'' and ''The King of Fighters'' which it pays homage to.The game was announced in April 2020, and during its development there were several tests and even championships, in addition to two beta phases, a closed beta that started on August 10, 2023, exclusively for people who donated to the game, and an open beta in the following day.",
"''Pocket Bravery'' was released on August 31, 2023, and intends to be released for PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Nintendo Switch, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S but no date has been set yet.The creation of Pocket Bravery was somewhat turbulent due to a lack of funding and distrust among the gaming community due to the controversies surrounding the game ''Trajes Fatais'', on which producer Jonathan Silva had previously worked on.",
"Despite the disbelief, the project managed to win over the public, raising funds that not only made its release possible, but also has continuous support for DLCs and updates."
],
[
"Gameplay",
"Nuno Alves the protagonist of the game fighting Shō Kamui from ''Breakers'' series.",
"''Pocket Bravery'' is an indie 2D pixel art fighting game, with four main button controls inspired by ''The King of Fighters'', one for weak punch, one for strong punch, one for weak kick and one for strong kick.And the additional buttons for, grab, and combo breaker and the optional ones, two for punch and two for kick and elemental.",
"The game has four bars for each character, the uppermost gray bar is the stun bar that fills up as the character receives a hit; the health bar is the orange one and is the largest located further down, it decreases in each hit the character receives; the power bar that fills as the player keeps fighting, with this bar the character can do special attacks or cancel enemy special attacks; and finally the elemental bar, which fills like the power bar but takes longer and with it the character attacks with more strength and can make different moves such as canceling attacks and enemy combos.",
"The grab command is executed by pressing the two weak attack buttons and the opponent can break away from the command by pressing the same buttons.",
"Characters can also run, dash backwards, do normal and long jumps.",
"The game also offers simplified commands that help players with special needs.Each battle rewards the player with battle points (BP), which can be used to unlock new stages, new colors to customize characters, arts and even extra characters.=== Game modes ===Some of the many game modes of ''Pocket Bravery''.The game can be played in single player or two player mode offline and multiplayer online, the latter featuring rollback netcode.",
"It has seven modes; story mode, arcade, combo factory, training mode, gallery, versus and online multiplayer."
],
[
"Plot",
"A strange phenomenon has taken over the world and few people are able to feel or manifest it.",
"Some are able to release energetic powers through their hands, others tone their muscles, while others transfer their energy to objects and weapons.",
"No one can understand the reason for all this and tries to unravel the mystery of this phenomenon.",
"In the midst of this disturbance, a terrorist group called Pack steals artifacts and ancient relics from countless nations, causing chaos wherever they go.",
"Nuno Alves, a former member of the Pack, opposes its leader Hector and ends up being brutally punished and thrown into a captivity called place Kennel.",
"There he meets a man called Lobo with whom he creates an alliance and gets mentored by him, teaching him how to use the strange force known as Ichor that has taken over the world.",
"Nuno and Lobo manage to escape from captivity and plan to take revenge on Hector.",
"On this journey they meet Mingmei who is an agent of the Ghost Hat organization that aims to stop Nuno's tormentor and in this endeavor they meet and become friends with Sebastian and Hadassa who have goals similar to Nuno's, as well as the rest of the cast around the world."
],
[
"Characters",
"The game was launched with 13 playable characters at the start, with 3 of them being unlockable via cheat code or through specific objectives for each character.",
"The game will also have 2 season passes that will be included via DLC.",
"Characters in ''italics'' are unlockable, while those in '''bold''' are guest characters.Base rosterDLC* Nuno Alves* Mingmei Wong* Sebastian Mcclane* Hadassa Silva* Aleksander Arshavin* Kimberly Moore* Ekon Ndidi* Daisuke Sato* Malika Sharma* Ximena Guadalupe* ''Hector Silva''* ''Jorge Chagas''* '''''Sho Kamui''''''''''1st Season'''''* '''Rick Johnson'''* Brandon Carter* Son Ji-Sung* Camille Leclerc'''''2nd Season'''''*(Soon)''Pocket Bravery'' has two confirmed seasons, others could come if it gets high demand.",
"Sho Kamui from the fighting game ''Breakers'' is a guest character in partnership with PixelHeart.",
"Rick Johnson is the second guest character who comes from another Statera's game, ''Guns N' Runs''.Jorge Chagas is the only official character in the game who has no importance in Story Mode despite having a background plot.",
"His moves are also based on famous characters from other fighting games such as Ralf Jones, Ryuji Yamazaki, Terry Bogard, Leona Heidern and Kim Kaphwan from ''The King of Fighters'' series in addition to Luke and Guile from ''Street Fighter'' series.",
"His theme \"Goodbye Osasco\" is a homage to Kyo Kusanagi's theme song \"Goodbye Esaka\" in ''The King of Fighters''.",
"Non-playable characters that appear in the game and are relevant to the plot are; Lobo, Sergei Arshavin, Arcano and Hiraku."
],
[
"Development",
"The origin of ''Pocket Bravery'' was the disappointment with the development of the game ''Trajes Fatais''.",
"Jonathan Silva, the creator of the franchise had previously worked on the indie fighting game 'Trajes Fatais' from Onanim Studio and was also the publicity face for the project.",
"He started working on the project in 2016 and in 2017 he was faced with a huge lack of money raised for the game's development.",
"The studio ended up suffering from this financial shortage and this affected many members who ended up being dismissed.",
"The studio's harmony was no longer the same and he decided to leave the project in 2020 but with his dream of creating a fighting game.",
"Wanting to separate himself from the bad reputation he unfairly gained, he met Anderson Halfeld and they founded Brazilian developer Statera Sudio.Initially they wanted to create the game Bravery which would be in the style of ''The King of Fighters XIII'' but would require a lot of manpower which they did not have at the time.",
"They then decided to make a simpler (pocket) version of this initial project, taking inspiration from ''SVC Chaos: SNK vs. Capcom, Neo Geo Pocket's games and ''Pocket Fighter, with the visual part having a hint of ''Metal Slug'' and ''Scott Pilgrim''.",
"Thus, both Bravery and its pocket version are different projects of the same universe.",
"Along with this, they wanted to bring back the nostalgia of the fighting game fever in the arcades of the 90s but bringing new elements giving the title its own originality.The studio was committed from the beginning to bringing transparency to the development of the project so that players can regain confidence their lost in ''Trajes Fatais''.",
"They started a funding campaign on Indiegogo bringing exclusive rewards to donors using an all-or-nothing format.",
"If they did not achieve the goal in the estimated time, they would refund the money raised and the project would be ceased.",
"The campaign offered several contribution options that led to different rewards: from the possibility of becoming a beta tester, obtaining a digital artbook and even creating a character for the game.",
"The extended options also included a new game mode (Tag Strike), character color editing, a version for mobile devices and even new characters.",
"The deadline coincided with the launch of the open beta version.From the beginning, they wanted to create a game that clearly showed the fundamentals for applying strikes, understanding why and how they work the way they do and how to link one strike into another.",
"In addition, it also addressed the diversity of nationalities, so the Nigerian character Ndidi was created because Nigeria is one of the African countries with the largest fighting community of the continent."
],
[
"Critical reception",
"''Pocket Bravery'' received favored reviews, with ''GameBlast'' giving it an 8 out of 10, highly praising the number of single player modes, but complaining about the progress in Story Mode not being saved in the cloud.",
"The website ''Round 1'' praised the ease of gameplay and the educational way of teaching the game to be handled, also giving it an 8 out of 10 and emphasizing that the traditional controls seem somewhat \"hard\".",
"Gamerview while also praising the gameplay also highlighted the considerable modes, despite saying that Hot Pursuit mode didn't add anything, and gave it a rating of 95 out of 100%.",
"''Siliconera'' gave it a 7 and praised the complexity of the cast, the fun modes and the help tools.",
"''Retrolike'' jointly praised the numerous modes and the pixel art but complained about the unbalanced characters, the issues in the hitbox and blocking of attacks, finishing with a rating of 7 out of 10.",
"''Hey Poor Player'' emphasized the beauty of the character design and praised the amount of content at the beginning without the need of an overpriced DLC and that despite the difficulty in some Story Mode sessions the game is formidable, giving it a 3.5 out of 5.",
"''Hardcoregamer'' expressed that the game is a tribute to classic fighting games while bringing a modern touch with various modes, options and extra content and the website ''Pizza Fria'' added that the game stands out in the saturated scene of the genre by standing out with its facets made with passion."
],
[
"Awards",
" Year Award Category Results Ref2023Brasil Game Awards Brazilian Game of The Year Flow Games Awards Brazilian Game of The Year The Game Awards 2023 Best Fighting Game 202427th Annual D.I.C.E.",
"Awards Fighting Game of the Year"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Municipalities of Scotland"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Ayr, a former royal burgh, and currently the administrative centre of South Ayrshire Council Paisley, Renfrewshire, a former burgh and currently the administrative centre of Renfrewshire CouncilBelow is a list of '''Municipalities of Scotland'''.",
"Scottish municipalities have existed in the form of burgh, royal burgh, cities and, currently most common, local councils.",
"Between 1855 and 1975, valuation rolls in Scotland were divided into counties and burghs.",
"A burgh was a Scottish town which had certain privileges conferred by a charter and had a town council to run its affairs.",
"Each burgh had its own separate legal and administrative status.",
"A royal charter was issued to localities which were granted the title of royal burgh.Many different types of burghs existed in Scotland, including royal burghs, burghs of barony and regality, parliamentary burghs and police burghs.",
"By 1929, all burghs in Scotland were commonly described as small burghs, large burghs or cities for the purposes of local government.",
"The four separate cities for local government purposes, which were independent from neighbouring areas, were Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh and Glasgow.",
"Between 1124 and 1400, more than 70 burghs were created across Scotland.",
"All types of burghs – royal, parliamentary, burgh of barony and police – were abolished in 1995, and replaced with newly created unitary authorities, known as local councils or subdivisions.Scotland's council areas have been in existence since 1 April 1996, under the provisions of the Local Government etc.",
"(Scotland) Act 1994.This ultimately ended the status of burghs, and all governance and political duties was subsumed into the local council.",
"Each council area has an administrative centre, generally the largest town or city within the area.",
"Historically, Scotland was divided into 34 counties or shires.",
"Although these no longer have any administrative function, they are still used to some extent in Scotland for cultural and geographical purposes, and some of the current council areas are named after them.",
"There are also a number of other administrative divisions, some of which are handled by joint boards of the councils."
],
[
"Historical",
"===Counties of Cities===These four burghs were '''Counties of Cities''', being independent from the surrounding counties for all judicial and local government purposes.BurghDate of adoption of police systemEarlier burghal historyPost Union parliamentary burgh status Aberdeen royal burgh (County of a City from 1899 – previously straddled Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire) 1862 Royal burgh from 1124 One of the Aberdeen Burghs 1708 to 1832 Aberdeen burgh constituency 1832 to 1885 Dundee royal burgh (County of a City from 1894 – previously in Forfarshire) 1837 Royal burgh from 1191 to 1195 One of the Perth Burghs 1708 to 1832 Dundee burgh constituency 1832 to 1950 Edinburgh royal burgh (County of a City from 13th century) 1805 (by Private Act) Royal burgh from 1124 to 1127 Edinburgh burgh constituency 1708 to 1885 Glasgow royal burgh (County of a City from 1893 – previously in Lanarkshire) 1800 (by Private Act) Royal burgh 1611 One of the Clyde Burghs 1708 to 1832 Glasgow burgh constituency 1832 to 1885'''Note a:''' Royal Burgh of Aberdeen absorbed Aberdeenshire burghs of Old Aberdeen burgh (burgh of barony 1489, police burgh 1860), Woodside (police burgh 1860) in 1891.",
"'''Note b:''' Royal Burgh of Glasgow absorbed the following Renfrewshire burghs in the years shown:*1846: Gorbals (private act 1808)*1891: Crosshill (police burgh 1871), Govanhill (police burgh 1876), Hillhead (police burgh 1869), Pollokshields (police burgh 1876), Pollokshields East (police burgh 1880)*1905: Kinning Park (police burgh 1871)*1912: Govan (burgh of barony 1607, police burgh 1864), Pollokshaws (burgh of barony 1813, police burgh 1858)===Burghs and Royal Burghs=== Burgh Date of adoption of police system Earlier burghal history Post Union parliamentary burgh status Inverurie royal burgh 1867 Royal burgh 1558 One of the Elgin Burghs 1708 to 1918 Kintore royal burgh 1873 Royal burgh 1506-7 One of the Elgin Burghs 1708 to 1918 Ballater burgh 1891 None None Ellon burgh 1893 Burgh of barony 1707 None Fraserburgh burgh 1840 Burgh of barony 1546 Burgh of regality 1601 None Huntly burgh 1834 Burgh of barony 1488 Burgh of regality 1684 None Old Meldrum 1893 Burgh of barony 1671 None Peterhead burgh 1860 Burgh of barony 1587 Parliamentary burgh 1832 One of the Elgin Burghs 1832 to 1918 Rattray N/A Royal burgh 1563 None Rosehearty 1892 Burgh of barony 1681 None Turriff burgh 1858 Burgh of barony 1512 None Arbroath royal burgh 1836 Royal burgh 1599 or perhaps 1555, when Johne Lyne was a commissioner for \"Abirbrothok\" at a convention of the royal burghs of Scotland.",
"One of the Aberdeen Burghs 1708 to 1832 and of the Montrose Burghs 1832 to 1950 Brechin royal burgh 1893?",
"Royal burgh status ratified 1641 One of the Aberdeen Burghs 1708 to 1832 and of the Montrose Burghs 1832 to 1950 Forfar royal burgh 1857 Created royal burgh c 1123 – 62 One of the Perth Burghs 1708 to 1832 and of the Montrose Burghs 1832 to 1950 Montrose royal burgh 1833 Created royal burgh by c 1124 – 53 One of the Aberdeen Burghs 1708 to 1832 and of the Montrose Burghs 1832 to 1950 Broughty Ferry burgh – now part of Dundee 1864–1913 ‡ None None Carnoustie burgh 1889 None None Kirriemuir burgh 1834 Burgh of barony 1459 Burgh of regality 1670 None Monifieth burgh 1895 None None Campbeltown royal burgh 1846 Royal burgh 1700 Previously burgh of barony 1667 One of the Ayr Burghs 1708 to 1832 Inveraray royal burgh 1833 Royal burgh 1648 Previously burgh of barony 1474 One of the Ayr Burghs 1708 to 1832 Dunoon burgh 1868 Burgh of barony 1835 None Lochgilphead burgh 1858 None None Oban burgh 1862 Burgh of barony 1820 Parliamentary burgh 1832 One of the Ayr Burghs 1832 to 1918 Tobermory burgh 1875 None None Ayr royal burgh 1850 Created royal burgh c. 1203-6 One of the Ayr Burghs 1708 to 1950 Irvine royal burgh 1875 Royal burgh 1372 One of the Ayr Burghs 1708 to 1950 Ardrossan burgh 1865 Burgh of barony 1846 One of the Ayr Burghs 1918 to 1950 Cumnock and Holmhead burgh 1866 Cumnock created burgh of barony 1680 None Darvel burgh 1873 None None Galston burgh 1864 None None Girvan burgh 1889 Burgh of barony 1668 None Kilmarnock burgh 1847 Burgh of barony 1592 Parliamentary burgh 1832 One of the Kilmarnock Burghs 1832 to 1918 Kilwinning burgh 1889 None None Largs burgh 1876 Burgh of barony 1595 (as Newton of Gogo, re-erected as Largs 1629) None Maybole burgh 1857 Burgh of barony 1516 None Newmilns and Greenholm burgh 1834 Burgh of barony 1490 Burgh of regality 1707 None Prestwick burgh 1903 Ancient burgh of barony dating from 10th century Confirmed 1600 One of the Ayr Burghs 1918 to 1950 Saltcoats burgh 1885 Burgh of barony 1529 Confirmed 1586 One of the Ayr Burghs 1918 to 1950 Stevenston burgh 1952 None None Stewarton burgh 1868 None None Troon burgh 1896 None One of the Ayr Burghs 1918 to 1950 Banff royal burgh 1840 Created royal burgh c. 1203-6 One of the Elgin Burghs 1708 to 1918 Cullen royal burgh 1870 Royal burgh 1372 One of the Elgin Burghs 1708 to 1918 Aberchirder burgh 1889 None None Aberlour burgh 1894 Burgh of barony 1814 None Buckie burgh 1888 None None Dufftown burgh 1863 None None Findochty burgh 1915 None None Keith burgh 1889 None None Macduff burgh 1853 Burgh of barony 1528 None Portknockie burgh 1912 None None Portsoy burgh 1889 Burgh of barony 1550 None Lauder royal burgh 1875 Confirmed 1502 One of the Haddington Burghs 1708 to 1885 Coldstream burgh 1833 Burgh of barony 1621 None Duns burgh 1842 Burgh of barony 1490 None Eyemouth burgh 1866 Burgh of barony 1598 None Rothesay royal burgh 1846 Royal burgh 1401 One of the Ayr Burghs 1708 to 1832 Millport burgh 1864 None None Wick royal burgh 1862 Royal burgh 1589 One of the Tain Burghs 1708 to 1832 and of the Wick Burghs 1832 to 1918 Thurso burgh 1841 Burgh of barony 1633 None Alloa burgh 1854 Burgh of regality 1497, reerected 1620 None Alva burgh 1876 None None Dollar burgh 1891 Burgh of regality 1702 None Tillicoultry burgh 1871 Burgh of barony 1634 None Annan royal burgh 1858 Royal burgh by 1532 One of the Dumfries Burghs 1708 to 1918 Dumfries royal burgh 1833 Royal burgh c 1186 Absorbed Maxwelltown burgh (Kirkcudbrightshire) in 1930 One of the Dumfries Burghs 1708 to 1918 Lochmaben royal burgh 1858 Confirmed 1612 Recognised as royal burgh by 1447 One of the Dumfries Burghs 1708 to 1918 Sanquhar royal burgh 1890 Royal burgh 1598 Originally burgh of barony 1484 One of the Dumfries Burghs 1708 to 1918 Langholm burgh 1845 Burgh of barony 1621 Burgh of regality 1687 None Lockerbie burgh 1863 None None Moffat burgh 1864 Burgh of regality 1648 Confirmed 1662 None Dumbarton royal burgh 1833 Royal burgh by 1532 One of the Clyde Burghs 1708 to 1832, of the Kilmarnock Burghs 1832 to 1918 and of the Dumbarton Burghs 1918 to 1950 Bearsden burgh 1958 None None Clydebank burgh 1886 None One of the Dumbarton Burghs 1918 to 1950 Cove and Kilcreggan burgh 1865 None None Cumbernauld burgh 1968 Burgh of barony 1649 – 1893 None Helensburgh burgh 1846 Burgh of barony 1802 None Kirkintilloch burgh 1836 Burgh of barony 1526 None Milngavie burgh 1875 Burgh of regality 1648 Confirmed 1662 None Dunbar royal burgh 1863 'Free' burgh 1370 One of the Haddington Burghs 1708 to 1885 Haddington royal burgh 1858 Created royal burgh c 1124 – 53 One of the Haddington Burghs 1708 to 1885 North Berwick royal burgh 1860 Royal burgh by 1425 One of the Haddington Burghs 1708 to 1885 Cockenzie and Port Seton burgh 1885 Burgh of barony (as Cockenzie) 1591 Burgh of regality (as Winton) 1686 None East Linton burgh 1863 None None Prestonpans burgh 1862 Burgh of barony 1552 None Tranent burgh 1860 Burgh of barony 1542 None Anstruther Easter royal burgh 1841–1929 † Royal burgh 1583, previously burgh of barony 1572 One of the Anstruther Burghs 1708 to 1832 and of the St Andrews Burghs 1832 to 1918 Anstruther Wester royal burgh1893?–1929 † Royal burgh 1587, previously burgh of barony 1541 One of the Anstruther Burghs 1708 to 1832 and of the St Andrews Burghs 1832 to 1918 Auchtermuchty royal burgh 1874 Royal burgh 1517 None Burntisland royal burgh 1833 Royal burgh 1541 One of the Dysart Burghs 1708 to 1832 and of the Kirkcaldy Burghs 1832 to 1950 Crail royal burgh 1893?",
"Royal burgh since 1198, chartered 1314 – 29 One of the Anstruther Burghs 1708 to 1832 and of the St Andrews Burghs 1832 to 1918 Culross royal burgh 1893?",
"Royal burgh 1592 Previously burgh of barony 1490 One of the Stirling Burghs 1708 to 1918 Cupar royal burgh 1834 Royal burgh by 1327 One of the Perth Burghs 1708 to 1832 Dunfermline royal burgh 1811 – by private act Royal burgh status restored 1594 One of the Stirling Burghs 1708 to 1918 and of the Dunfermline Burghs 1918 to 1950 Dysart royal burgh 1834–1930 ‡ Royal burgh 1587 Previously burgh of barony 1510 One of the Dysart Burghs 1708 to 1832 and of the Kirkcaldy Burghs 1832 to 1950 Earlsferry royal burgh 1893?–1929 † Royal burgh status confirmed 1589 None Elie and Earlsferry royal burgh 1929 † Created 1929 from two burghs None Falkland royal burgh 1893?",
"Royal burgh 1458 None Inverkeithing royal burgh 1892 Royal burgh 13th century One of the Stirling Burghs 1708 to 1918 and of the Dunfermline Burghs 1918 to 1950 Kilrenny royal burgh 1848–1929 † Royal burgh 1592, previously burgh of regality 1578 One of the Anstruther Burghs 1708 to 1832 and of the St Andrews Burghs 1832 to 1918 Kilrenny, Anstruther Easter and Anstruther Wester royal burgh 1929 Created 1929 from three royal burghs None Kincardine burgh Not adopted.",
"Burgh abolished 1893 Burgh of barony 1663 None Kinghorn royal burgh 1833 Royal burgh 12th century One of the Dysart Burghs 1708 to 1832 and of the Kirkcaldy Burghs 1832 to 1950 Kirkcaldy royal burgh 1811 (by private act) Royal burgh 1644 Previously ecclesiastical burgh Absorbed Dysart royal burgh 1930 One of the Dysart Burghs 1708 to 1832 and of the Kirkcaldy Burghs 1832 to 1950 Newburgh royal burgh 1850s Royal burgh 1631, previously burgh of regality 1600 None Pittenweem royal burgh 1842 Royal burgh 1541, burgh of barony 1526 One of the Anstruther Burghs 1708 to 1832 and of the St Andrews Burghs 1832 to 1918 St Andrews royal burgh 1893?",
"Royal burgh 1620 Previously burgh of regality 1614 and ecclesiastical burgh (12th century) One of the Perth Burghs 1708 to 1832 Buckhaven and Methil burgh 1891 Buckhaven burgh of barony 1662, did not endure One of the Kirkcaldy Burghs 1918 to 1950 Cowdenbeath burgh 1890 None One of the Dunfermline Burghs 1918 to 1950 Elie burgh 1865–1929 † Burgh of barony 1599 None Ladybank burgh 1877 None None Leslie burgh 1865 Burgh of barony (as Leslie Green) 1458 None Leven burgh 1867 Burgh of barony 1609 None Lochgelly burgh 1876 None One of the Dunfermline Burghs 1918 to 1950 Markinch burgh 1891 Burgh of barony 1673 None Newport-on-Tay burgh 1887 None None St. Monance burgh 1933 Burgh of barony 1596 None Tayport burgh 1887 Burgh of barony (as Ferry-Port on Craig)1599 Burgh of regality (as Ferry-Port on Craig)1725 None Inverness royal burgh 1862 Created royal burgh c 1130 – 53 One of the Inverness Burghs 1708 to 1918 Fort William burgh 1875 Burgh of barony as Gordonsburgh 1618 None Kingussie burgh 1867 Burgh of barony 1464 None Inverbervie royal burgh 1893?",
"Royal burgh by 1341 One of the Aberdeen Burghs 1708 to 1832 and of the Montrose Burghs 1832 to 1950 Banchory burgh 1885 May have been a burgh of barony 1805 None Laurencekirk burgh 1889 Burgh of barony 1779 None Stonehaven burgh 1889 Burgh of barony 1587 NoneKinross burgh 1864 Burgh of barony 1541 Burgh of regality 1685 None Kirkcudbright royal burgh 1893?",
"Royal burgh 1445 One of the Dumfries Burghs 1708 to 1918 New Galloway royal burgh 1892 Royal burgh 1630 One of the Wigtown Burghs 1708 to 1885 Castle Douglas burgh 1862 Burgh of barony 1791 None Dalbeattie burgh 1858 None None Gatehouse of Fleet burgh 1852 Burgh of barony 1795 None Maxwelltown burgh 1833–1931 † Burgh of barony 1810 None Lanark royal burgh 1855 Created royal burgh 1153 – 59 One of the Linlithgow Burghs 1708 to 1832 and of the Falkirk Burghs 1832 to 1918 Rutherglen royal burgh 1863 Created royal burgh 1124 -53 One of the Clyde Burghs 1708 to 1832 and of the Kilmarnock Burghs 1832 to 1918 Airdrie burgh 1849 Burgh of barony 1821 Parliamentary burgh 1832 One of the Falkirk Burghs 1832 to 1918 Biggar burgh 1863 Burgh of barony 1451 None Bishopbriggs burgh 1964 None None Coatbridge burgh 1885 Created burgh by private act 1885 None East Kilbride burgh 1963 None None Govan burgh 1864–1912 ‡ Burgh of barony 1607 None Hamilton burgh 1857 Burgh of regality 1669 One of the Falkirk Burghs 1832 to 1918 Hillhead burgh 1869–1891 ‡ None None Maryhill burgh 1856–1891 ‡ None None Motherwell burgh 1865–1920 † None None Motherwell and Wishaw burgh 1920 Formed 1920 from two burghs None Partick burgh 1852–1912 ‡ None None Wishaw burgh 1855–1920 † None None Bonnyrigg burgh 1865–1920 † None None Bonnyrigg and Lasswade burgh 1930 Formed 1930 from two burghs None Dalkeith burgh 1878 Burgh of barony 1401 Burgh of regality 1540 None Lasswade burgh 1881–1920 † None None Leith burgh 1862–1920 ‡ Burgh of barony 1636 Parliamentary burgh 1832 One of the Leith Burghs 1832 to 1918 Loanhead burgh 1884 Burgh of barony 1669 None Musselburgh burgh 1849 Burgh of regality 1562 Parliamentary burgh 1832 One of the Leith Burghs 1832 to 1918 Penicuik burgh 1866 None None Portobello burgh 1850–1896 ‡ Parliamentary burgh 1832 One of the Leith Burghs 1832 to 1918 Elgin royal burgh 1833 Royal burgh status confirmed 1457 One of the Elgin Burghs 1708 to 1918 Forres royal burgh 1836 Re-erected as royal burgh 1496 One of the Inverness Burghs 1708 to 1918 Burghead burgh 1900 None None Grantown-on-Spey burgh 1898 Burgh of regality 1694 None Lossiemouth and Branderburgh burgh 1890 None None Rothes burgh 1884 None None Nairn royal burgh 1841 Royal burgh status regained 1476 One of the Inverness Burghs 1708 to 1918 Kirkwall royal burgh 1838 Royal burgh 1486 One of the Tain Burghs 1708 to 1832 and of the Wick Burghs 1832 to 1918 Stromness burgh 1856 Burgh of barony 1817 None Peebles royal burgh 1864 Royal burgh c. 1153 One of the Linlithgow Burghs 1707 to 1832 Innerleithen burgh 1868 None None Auchterarder royal burgh 1894 Reinstated as royal burgh 1951 None Perth royal burgh 1865 Royal burgh c. 1124 – 1127 One of the Perth Burghs 1708 to 1832 Perth burgh constituency 1832 to 1950 Aberfeldy burgh 1887 None None Abernethy burgh 1877 Burgh of barony 1459 None Alyth burgh 1834 Burgh of barony 1488 None Blairgowrie burgh 1833–1930 † Burgh of barony 1634 None Blairgowrie and Rattray burgh 1930 Formed 1930 from two burghs None Callander burgh 1866 None None Coupar Angus burgh 1852 Burgh of barony 1607 None Crieff burgh 1864 None None Doune burgh 1890 None None Dunblane burgh 1870 Burgh of regality 1442 None Pitlochry burgh 1947 None None Rattray burgh 1877–1930 † None None Renfrew royal burgh 1855 Royal burgh status 1397 One of the Clyde Burghs 1708 to 1832 and of the Kilmarnock Burghs 1832 to 1918 Barrhead burgh 1894 None None Crawfurdsdyke burgh adopted into Greenock 1840 Burgh of barony 1642 None Crosshill burgh 1871–1891 † None None Gourock burgh 1858 Burgh of barony 1694 None Govanhill burgh 1876–1891 † None None Greenock burgh 1840 Burgh of barony 1635 Parliamentary burgh 1832 None Johnstone burgh 1857 None None Kinning Park burgh 1871–1905 † None None Paisley burgh 1806 (Private Act) Burgh of barony 1488 Burgh of regality 1587 None Pollokshaws burgh 1858–1912 † Burgh of barony 1813 None Pollokshields burgh 1876–1891 † None None Pollokshields East burgh 1880–1891 † None None Port Glasgow burgh 1800 (Private Act) Burgh of barony 1668 One of the Kilmarnock Burghs 1832 to 1918 Dingwall royal burgh 1834 Royal burgh 1498 One of the Tain Burghs 1708 to 1832 and of the Wick Burghs 1832 to 1918 Fortrose royal burgh 1867 Union of Rosemarkie and Fortrose royal burghs 1661 One of the Inverness Burghs 1708 to 1918 Tain royal burgh 1854 Royal burgh 1439 One of the Tain Burghs 1708 to 1832 and of the Wick Burghs 1832 to 1918 Cromarty burgh 1848 Burgh of barony 1685 Parliamentary burgh 1832 One of the Wick Burghs 1832 to 1918 Invergordon burgh 1864 Burgh of barony 1694 None Stornoway burgh 1863 Burgh of barony 1607 None Jedburgh royal burgh 1847 Royal burgh status restored by 1424 One of the Haddington Burghs 1708 to 1885 Hawick burgh 1845 Burgh of barony 1511, burgh of regality 1669 One of the Hawick Burghs 1868 to 1918 Kelso burgh 1838 Burgh of barony 1614 None Melrose burgh 1895 Burgh of barony 1605 Burgh of regality 1620 None Selkirk royal burgh 1863 Royal burgh by 1328 One of the Linlithgow Burghs 1708 to 1832 and of the Hawick Burghs 1868 to 1918 Galashiels burgh 1850 Burgh of barony 1599 One of the Hawick Burghs 1868 to 1918 Stirling royal burgh 1857 Created royal burgh c 1124 – 1127 One of the Stirling Burghs 1707 to 1918 and of the Stirling and Falkirk Burghs 1918 to 1950 Bridge of Allan burgh 1870 None None Denny and Dunipace burgh 1877 None Falkirk burgh 1859 Burgh of barony 1600 Burgh of regality 1646 Parliamentary burgh 1832 One of the Falkirk Burghs 1832 to 1918 and of the Stirling and Falkirk Burghs 1918 to 1950 Grangemouth burgh 1872 None One of the Stirling and Falkirk Burghs 1918 to 1950 Kilsyth burgh 1878 Burgh of barony 1620 NoneDornoch royal burgh 1891Royal burgh 1628One of the Tain Burghs 1708 to 1832 and of the Wick Burghs 1832 to 1918Linlithgow royal burgh 1866 Royal burgh from c. 1138 One of the Linlithgow Burghs 1708 to 1832 and of the Falkirk Burghs 1832 to 1918 Queensferry royal burgh 1882 Royal burgh 1636 One of the Stirling Burghs 1708 to 1918 Armadale burgh 1864 None None Bathgate burgh 1865 Burgh of barony 1663 None Bo'ness burgh 1883 Burgh of regality 1668 None Whitburn burgh 1861 None None Stranraer royal burgh 1848 Royal burgh 1617 One of the Wigtown Burghs 1708 to 1885 Whithorn royal burgh 1873 Royal burgh 1511 One of the Wigtown Burghs 1708 to 1885 Wigtown royal burgh 1893 ?",
"Royal burgh 1469 One of the Wigtown Burghs 1708 to 1885 Newton Stewart burgh 1861 Burgh of barony 1677 None Lerwick burgh 1833 Burgh of barony 1818 None"
],
[
"Current",
"===Cities=== City Population Council area Local government Aberdeen 198,590 (locality) 220,690 (urban) Aberdeen City Aberdeen City Council Dundee 148,210 (locality) 158,820 (urban) Dundee City Dundee City Council Dunfermline 54,990 (locality) Fife Fife Council Edinburgh 506,520 (locality) 530,990 (urban) City of Edinburgh City of Edinburgh Council Glasgow 632,350 (locality) 1,028,220 (urban) 1,861,315 (metro) Glasgow City Glasgow City Council Inverness 47,790 (locality) 63,730 (urban) 81,968 (metro) Highland The Highland Council Perth 47,350 Perth and Kinross Perth and Kinross Council Stirling 37,910 Stirling Stirling Council ===Local councils===Coat of arms Council area Council Population Electors Area (km2) Administrative centre 40px Glasgow City Glasgow City Council Glasgow 40px City of Edinburgh City of Edinburgh Council Edinburgh 40px Fife Fife Council Glenrothes 20px North Lanarkshire North Lanarkshire Council Motherwell 20px South Lanarkshire South Lanarkshire Council Hamilton – Aberdeenshire Aberdeenshire Council Aberdeen 40px Highland Highland Council Inverness 40px Aberdeen City Aberdeen City Council Aberdeen 40px West Lothian West Lothian Council Livingston 20px Renfrewshire Renfrewshire Council Paisley 20px Falkirk Falkirk Council Falkirk 40px Perth and Kinross Perth and Kinross Council Perth 40px Dumfries and Galloway Dumfries and Galloway Council Dumfries 40px Dundee City Dundee City Council Dundee 20px North Ayrshire North Ayrshire Council Irvine 40px East Ayrshire East Ayrshire Council Kilmarnock 20px Angus Angus Council Forfar Scottish Borders Scottish Borders Council Newtown St Boswells 40px South Ayrshire South Ayrshire Council Ayr 40px East Dunbartonshire East Dunbartonshire Council Kirkintilloch 20px East Lothian East Lothian Council Haddington 20px Moray Moray Council Elgin – East Renfrewshire East Renfrewshire Council Giffnock Stirling Stirling Council Stirling 40px Midlothian Midlothian Council Dalkeith 20px West Dunbartonshire West Dunbartonshire Council Dumbarton 20px Argyll and Bute Argyll and Bute Council Lochgilphead 20px Inverclyde Inverclyde Council Greenock 20px Clackmannanshire Clackmannanshire Council Alloa 40px Na h-Eileanan Siar (Western Isles) Comhairle nan Eilean Siar Stornoway Shetland Islands Shetland Islands Council Lerwick Orkney Orkney Islands Council Kirkwall"
],
[
"Notes",
"* † indicates that a burgh/royal burgh merged with another at some point in its existence"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Type 98 Ko-Hi"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Type 98 ''Ko-Hi''''' a/k/a Type 98 half-tracked prime mover \"Ko-Hi\" was a half-track used by the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA).",
"Introduced in 1938, it was used during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II.The half-track was first manufactured in 1938 and given the official designation of the Type 98 half-tracked prime mover Ko-Hi.",
"The Type 98 half-tracks were considered \"high speed\" prime movers, capable of when loaded.",
"It had a diesel engine and a crew of 15.The Type 98 Ko-Hi was used to tow a Type 4 75 mm AA gun."
],
[
"History",
"Front angle view of Type 98 Ko-Hi half-track (short version) with canvas coverDuring the 1920s, the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) used several types of trucks to transport Anti-aircraft guns.",
"In 1936 the Type 96 AA gun prime mover (a/k/a \"gun tractor\") was developed from the Type 94 6-wheeled truck.",
"The Type-94 prime mover on which it was based had shown to be a reliable vehicle.",
"Additional efforts were made by the Imperial Japanese Army to produce greater anti-aircraft mobilization.",
"This included the production of the 20 mm AA machine cannon carrier truck, using the Type 98 half-track Ko-Hi to tow an anti-aircraft gun and the creation of a prototype variant known as the Type 98 20 mm AA half-track vehicle.",
"The Type 98 prototype had a single 20 mm Type 98 AA cannon mounted on the back section of the half-track.",
"The prototype did not enter mass production."
],
[
"Versions",
"Type 98 Ko-Hi half-track (long version)Two versions of the Type 98 Ko−Hi half-track prime mover were produced.",
"The Type 98 Ko-Hi half-track (short version) and the Type 98 Ko-Hi half-track (long version).",
"The main differences were in the dimensions of the vehicles and chassis of the vehicles.The \"long version\" specifications:*length:*width:*height:*weight:6 ton The total number of half-tracks built in relation to each of the two versions produced is unknown."
],
[
"See also",
"*Type 1 Ho-Ki*Type 1 Ho-Ha"
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References",
"* Imperial Japanese Army Page - Akira Takizawa"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Nelson Brownell"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Nelson Brownell''' is an American politician from Vermont.",
"He has been a Democratic member of the Vermont House of Representatives for the Bennington-1 District since 2019.Brownell is not running for re-election in 2024."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Official website"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Funeral of Sir Thomas Lawrence"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''''Funeral of Sir Thomas Lawrence''''' is an 1830 watercolour painting by the British artist J. M. W. Turner.",
"It depicts the funeral at St. Paul's Cathedral in London of Sir Thomas Lawrence, the President of the Royal Academy and a friend and colleague of Turner.",
"Lawrence died unexpectedly in January, and the painting captures the snow-covered landscape of his burial ceremony.",
"Turner served as one of the pallbearers and sketched the scene from memory.",
"It was exhibited at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition.",
"It was later part of the 1856 Turner Bequest as is now in the collection of the Tate Britain."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* Finley, Gerald.",
"''Angel in the Sun: Turner's Vision of History''.",
"McGill-Queen's Press, 1999.",
"* Hamilton, James.",
"''Turner - A Life''.",
"Sceptre, 1998.",
"* Shanes, Eric.",
"''The Life and Masterworks of J.M.W.",
"Turner''.",
"Parkstone International, 2012."
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Freedom of religion in Scotland"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Since the Church of Scotland Act 1921, the Church of Scotland has been independent from the state.",
"The monarch of the United Kingdom does, however, take an oath to preserve the Church of Scotland at the meeting of the Privy Council immediately following his or her accession.",
"The monarch also has the right to attend the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, but usually sends a High Commissioner in his or her place.As of the 2011 census, Christianity was the largest religion in Scotland, chosen by 53.8% of the Scottish population identifying when asked: \"What religion, religious denomination or body do you belong to?\"",
"This represented a decline from the 2001 figure of 65.1%.",
"More recent polls of public opinion have shown that the majority today consider themselves non-religious.",
"In 2017, the Scottish Social Attitudes Survey, conducted by ScotCen Social Research found that 58% of Scots identified themselves as non-religious, compared to 40% in 1999.On 28 October 2021, the Scottish Parliament formed the Cross-Party Group on Freedom of Religion or Belief.",
"At the time of forming, the group was represented by MSPs John Mason, Murdo Fraser, Jeremy Balfour, Stephen Kerr and Katy Clark.",
"A number of non–political figures and organisations from across Scotland also collaborate with the group.",
"The groups purpose is to meet in order to discuss and consider how best to promote the freedom of religion or belief for any and all individuals and organisations across Scotland."
],
[
"Lawful rights",
"Article 9 of the Equality and Human Rights Impact Assessment states that The Scottish Government \"value Scotland's diverse faith and belief communities and the important role they play in making Scotland a safer, stronger and more inclusive society\".",
"In order to promote this, the Scottish Government work in partnership with Interfaith Scotland to \"promote interfaith dialogue and support faith and belief communities\", Scotland's national Holocaust Memorial Day commemoration and Srebrenica Memorial Day to \"ensure lessons are learnt about what can happen if hatred remains unchecked\", undertake work in order to minimise instances of hate crime to \"make sure no individual or community experiences discrimination due to their faith or belief\", as well as the Scottish Governing funding a \"variety of faith and belief organisations\" in order to \"tackle religious intolerance and promote equality and community cohesion\".",
"===Scots law=======Bills and legislation====The following bills have been passed by the Scottish Parliament which have some, either wholly or in part, a relation to the freedom of religion and belief in Scotland:* Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2003* Offences (Aggravation by Prejudice) (Scotland) Act 2009* Criminal Justice and Licensing (Scotland) Act 2010* Offensive Behaviour at Football and Threatening Communications (Scotland) Act 2012"
],
[
"See also",
"* Religion in Scotland ** Church of Scotland * Scottish Government* Scottish Parliament ** List of acts of the Scottish Parliament"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2011 Asia Pacific Women's Sevens Championship"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2011 Asia Pacific Women’s Sevens Championship''' was held at Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia from 23 to 24 September 2011.Papua New Guinea were crowned Champions after winning the Cup final at Likas Stadium, China were the runners-up."
],
[
"Teams",
"Eight teams took part in the tournament:"
],
[
"Pool Stage",
"=== Group A === Nation Won Drawn Lost For Against 3 0 0 57 25 2 0 1 62 27 1 0 2 49 62 0 0 3 20 74=== Group B === Nation Won Drawn Lost For Against 3 0 0 62 25 2 0 1 62 22 1 0 2 50 36 0 0 3 0 100"
],
[
"Classification Stage",
"=== Cup Quarter finals ====== Plate semifinals ===Source:"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"G1519 Nantong–Rudong Expressway"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''G1519 Nantong–Rudong Expressway''' (), also referred to as the '''Tongru Expressway''' (), is an under construction expressway in Jiangsu, China that will connect Nantong to Yangkou Port.",
"The original provincial expressway number was '''S15''' until it was upgraded to a national expressway in July 2022."
],
[
"Route",
"The first phase from Tongzhou District to Rudong East has a total length of 36.66 km.",
"Construction started in April 2012, and opened to traffic on 6 February 2015.The second phase of the project from Rudong East to Yangkou Port started construction on 10 November 2020."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Exit Humanity"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Exit Humanity''''' is a 2011 Canadian period zombie horror film directed by John Geddes, starring Mark Gibson, Adam Seybold, Jordan Hayes, Dee Wallace, Bill Moseley, Stephen McHattie, Ari Millen and Jason David Brown."
],
[
"Cast",
"* Mark Gibson as Edward Young* Adam Seybold as Isaac* Jordan Hayes as Emma* Dee Wallace as Eve* Bill Moseley as General Williams* Stephen McHattie as Medic Johnson* Ari Millen as Wayne* Jason David Brown as Roy* Brian Cox as Malcolm Young (voice)* Sarah Stunt as Julia Young* Christian Martyn as Adam Young* John Geddes as Cliff* Jesse Thomas Cook as Hank* Matt Griffin as Charles* Tony Burgess as Victim"
],
[
"Reception",
"''Dread Central'' rated the film 3 stars out of 5 and wrotethat it has \"more heart than guts and more brains than braaaiiins.",
"\"Dennis Harvey of ''Variety'' wrote while the film is \"handsomely shot\" and \"merits appreciation for really trying something different\", its \"humorless, sometimes ponderous progress doesn't ultimately make complete sense of the period/undead combo.",
"\"Simon Kinnear of ''Total Film'' called the film a \"sub-Cold Mountain travelogue beset by tedious talk, stiff performances and zero menace.",
"\"Matthew Lee of ''Screen Anarchy'' wrote: \"Technically inept, artistically overstuffed, bafflingly overwrought and unintentionally hysterical its cast and crew are clearly trying pretty hard, but virtually none of it comes to anything.\""
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* *"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Made in Chittagong"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Made in Chittagong''''' is a Bangladeshi film that was released on 18 November 2022 starring Partha Barua and Aparna Ghosh as the main characters."
],
[
"Plot",
"From the first time they met, Solaiman and Noorjahan didn't have much of an impression for one another.",
"They constantly argue whenever they meet.",
"This also interfered with their personal life as well.",
"Later on they fall for one another, but will they manage to stay together?"
],
[
"Cast",
"* Partha Barua as Solaiman* Aparna Ghosh as Noorjahan"
],
[
"Soundtrack"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Murder of Ng Keng Hua"
],
[
"Introduction",
"On 27 February 1991, inside his home at Geylang, 32-year-old businessman '''Ng Keng Hua''' (黄庆华 Huáng Qìnghuá) was stabbed twice by two attackers during a robbery bid, and he died as a result of the stabbing while warded at a hospital.",
"One of the murderers, '''Tan Bee Hock''' (陈美福 Chén Měifú), was found guilty of murdering Ng and sentenced to death in 1993.The other man, '''Toh Laie''' (杜来 Dù Lái), however, remains on the run since then, and he was never found."
],
[
"Murder",
"On the night of 27 February 1991, a 32-year-old businessman, identified as Ng Keng Hua, was murdered by two burglars at his three-storey house in Geylang.According to first-hand witness accounts, Ng's 41-year-old business partner Cher Ah Tee (许亚弟 Xǔ Yàdì), who was sleeping on the sofa of Ng's living room, was awakened by two men who threatened him on knifepoint and tied his hands, and covered his eyes.",
"After stealing some cash in Malaysian currency (RM300 in total) and a S$1,100 Rolex watch from Cher, the burglars took him hostage and ordered him to bring them to Ng's bedroom, where Ng and his 25-year-old Malaysian fiancée Lee Ming Feong (李鸣凤 Lǐ Míngfēng) were staying in.",
"Lee answered the door, and the burglars threatened her on knifepoint and claimed they want to steal from them, and forcibly brought Cher into the room.",
"Ng, who was said to be naked in bed and pretended to be asleep right before the burglars entered, reportedly sprang out of bed to attempt to get away, but just as he reached the bedroom door, Ng got into a scuffle with one of the two burglars, who tried to stop him from escaping, and during that struggle, Ng was stabbed two times by the burglar.During the stabbing, Ng's 33-year-old friend Teo Yee Teow (张贻标 Zhāng Yíbiāo) came out of his room from next door and after witnessing the struggle between Ng and the robbers, he used a chair to smash one of the burglars on the head, and the man was injured as a result.",
"Later, Teo and Ng, the latter whom was injured, gave chase after the two burglars, who all escaped the house without successfully stealing anything from Ng, and Teo stopped at the gate after Ng collapsed from his injuries.",
"Ng was later taken to Tan Tock Seng Hospital, where he was pronounced dead an hour later at 8.30pm.",
"At the time of his death, Ng was survived by his parents and seven siblings, and his father told the press that when both he and his wife reached the hospital, his son was still alive and conscious but was unable to speak, and he eventually died despite the doctors' best efforts to save his life.According to his family and friends, Ng used to study marine education at the Institute of Technical Education after completing his secondary school education at Whampoa Secondary School, before he dropped out a year later to help at his father's chicken stall and would dabble in several small jobs before he became a games stall operator and made it big in his business.",
"Ng was also described to be a filial son who treated his parents and family well, and had a long-term relationship with his fiancée, who originated from Ipoh.",
"Many people who either lived or worked at Chinatown knew Ng as a generous, loyal and kind man who often help both acquaintances and strangers in need, and he also had 70 to 80 employees under his business, and shared a good relationship with all of them.",
"This earned Ng the nickname \"Ji Shi Yu\" (及时雨 Jí Shíyǔ; meaning \"Timely Rain\" in Chinese).The murder of Ng Keng Hua was the third robbery-murder case to happen during that month itself.",
"One of the two first cases was the 12 February murder of Sukarti Amari, a 78-year-old housewife who was strangled by two robbers who took off with her jewelry and S$5,000 in cash.",
"The two murderers, Mohamed Jaffar Abidin and Yacob Rusmatullah, were found guilty of murdering Sukarti, and they were hanged on 26 August 1994.The second was the 23 February murder of Jasmel Kaur, a 37-year-old nurse and mother of two who was smothered to death by an unknown intruder(s), who had stolen her jewelry with S$27,000.The case of Jasmel's murder remains unsolved as of today."
],
[
"Investigations and arrest",
"Toh Laie, who was on the wanted list for the robbery-murder of Ng Keng HuaThe police classified the death of Ng Keng Hua as murder, and investigations, led by Richard Lim Beng Gee, were conducted to arrest the two suspects, who were both seen escaping the house in opposite directions.",
"The police were able to find bloodstains (which belonged to the injured suspect) at the area within Guillemard Road, and the police dogs were sent to sniff out the blood trail, which measured 400m and ended at a junction of Lorong 16.They also publicly appealed for witnesses who may have seen the suspects, as well as seeking the help of any taxi drivers who had possibly picked up the suspects or any doctors who may have treated the injured suspect.",
"The police also recovered a knife belonging to one of the suspects from Ng's house, where the police discovered a sum of S$15,000 in Ng's wallet and another S$1,800 inside Ng's bedroom, and all th se money were meant for Ng's upcoming gambling trip to Genting Highlands, left untouched inside the bedroom, which further supported the fact that the murderers failed to steal anything from Ng before murdering him.During their investigations, the police were able to obtain a description of the suspects.",
"One of them was said to be dark skinned while the other had a fairer complexion, and both appeared to be in their twenties at least, and their body build were generally not tall.",
"Lee Ming Feong, Ng's fiancée, told them the face of one of the killers, and the police were able to piece together the facial description of the suspect.Later, a member of the public provided a tip-off to the police regarding the injured suspect's whereabouts, and the police was able to arrest the man at a building in Thomson Road on 2 March 1991.The injured suspect, who was identified as 32-year-old Tan Bee Hock, was charged with murder on 4 March 1991.With the arrest of Tan, the police was able to identify his accomplice, who was a 34-year-old Singaporean named Toh Laie (also spelt Toh Lai E), alias Ah Tat (阿达 ā dá).",
"However, Toh was not arrested for the murder, and the police therefore conducted a manhunt for Toh.A third man, reportedly named Goh Lye Huat, was also arrested and charged with the murder of Ng.",
"However, he was ultimately not put on trial like Tan.On 17 September 1991, the police publicly appealed for the arrest of Toh Laie for the Ng Keng Hua murder case, as well as another man for a separate murder case, stating that all information provided would be kept confidential.",
"The other man sought after in the appeal was 30-year-old Lim Ah Cheng (alias Simon or Toh Huay), who was allegedly responsible for the double murder of two Malaysian cousins, Kok Hon Kay (19 years old) and Kok Yoon Thong (22 years old), at Queen Street on 18 August 1991.Lim remains at large for the double murder as of today."
],
[
"Trial of Tan Bee Hock",
"===Prosecution's case===Tan Bee Hock, who was the only one of the perpetrators to stand trial for murdering Ng Keng HuaOn 15 March 1993, 34-year-old Tan Bee Hock alone stood trial at the High Court for one count of murdering Ng Keng Hua.",
"During the court proceedings, the prosecution was led by Deputy Public Prosecutor (DPP) Chua Eng Hui and Tan was represented by defence lawyer Ronald Ng.",
"The trial was presided over by Judicial Commissioner M P H Rubin of the High Court.",
"At that point of time, Toh Laie remained missing and was not yet arrested for killing Ng.The trial court was told that before the murder, Tan planned to rob Ng a few days before the murder, after he found out from an employee of Ng that he earned a lot from his games stall business, which amounted to roughly S$10,000 per a few nights, and he also seen Ng wearing a lot of gold items.",
"Tan said he was at that time facing financial trouble, as he gambled during the Chinese New Year of 1991 and lost a lot of money, and he also lost his job, which made him deciding to rob Ng to pay off his debts.",
"In preparation for the robbery, Tan recruited Toh, who was reportedly consuming heroin and wanted more to feed his drug addiction, and he bought two pairs of white gloves and women's stockings, the latter which he and Toh meant to wear on their faces to avoid identification.According to the witnesses and Tan's own confession, Ng was supposed to go to Genting Highlands during that afternoon of 27 February 1991, but he decided to rest before going on that night itself, and thus Cher Ah Tee rested in the living room while the others, including Ng, went to their respective rooms.",
"After that, the two robbers managed to get into the house after narrowly escaping the detection of nearby patrol cars.",
"Upon entry, the duo threatened Cher and stole both his watch and cash, before they went into Ng's bedroom, where Ng and his fiancée Lee Ming Feong were watching television inside, and threatened Lee on knifepoint while stating they want to rob her fiancé.",
"Ng, who pretended to be asleep, sprang from the bed and tried to escape, and the robbers tried to stop him.",
"It was during that scuffle, Ng got stabbed twice on the chest and it therefore led to Ng's death.",
"After the scuffle, both Toh and Tan fled the house without Ng's valuables but with Cher's money and watch, and they went their separate ways upon leaving the house, although Tan would be caught eventually while Toh himself managed to evade the police and remained on the run since then.",
"Both Lee and Teo Yee Teow were able to identify Tan as one of the murderers during a police identification parade.A friend of Tan appeared in court to testify against Tan.",
"According to the friend, Tan was hospitalized for his injuries and he contacted that same friend to help him change a sum of RM300 into Singaporean currency (SGD), as well as passing him a watch and three gold rings for safekeeping.",
"These rings and watch and cash were recovered by the police, and were confirmed to be stolen from Ng's house; the friend was not aware of Tan's involvement in the murder.",
"A doctor also testified in court that he treated Tan, who hailed a taxi and fainted inside while on the way seeking medical attention.",
"He found bruises on both Tan's chest and neck, as well as fractures to Tan's fingers, and he stated it was more likely to be caused by a metal stool, although Tan gave him the story that he got these injuries after he fell down and hit a machine.Dr Wee Keng Poh, a forensic pathologist who conducted an autopsy on Ng's corpse, testified that Ng had sustained two stab wounds on his chest, and both of these injuries were sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death, as one of them had penetrated the heart and the other had pierced through the lower part of his right lung, and the wounds caused Ng to die from massive blood loss.",
"Dr Wee additionally testified that the wounds were inflicted with deliberate great force and not done out of accident, and these wounds were caused by the same instrument, which Dr Wee believed to be a small-sized knife.",
"It was the prosecution's case that Tan, who carried a small knife, was responsible for the fatal stabbing as he was seen having a scuffle with the deceased before his escape.===Defence's case and closing submissions===Originally, Tan said in his confession that he carried a smaller knife while Toh carried a larger knife, but he told the court that he lied about it and was actually carrying the longer knife, as he was afraid of getting a long sentence in prison for using a bigger knife during a robbery attempt.",
"Tan even attempted to shift the blame to Toh, claiming that the person who stabbed Ng with the small knife was actually Toh, before he eventually gave in and admitted he stabbed Ng.",
"Besides that, Tan elected to give his defence after the prosecution closed their case.",
"Tan said that he never intended to murder Ng, and it was an accidental stabbing resulting in death.",
"Tan stated that their plan was to rob and not kill, and he had promised his accomplice to not cause hurt at the insistence of Toh.",
"Tan said that the plan backfired when Ng resisted and it caused Tan to stab Ng twice during the scuffle between Tan and Ng.The defence argued for Tan to be found not guilty of murder, but of a lesser charge of robbery with hurt.",
"Tan's counsel stated that Tan only armed himself with a knife to commit robbery and only meant to use it to threaten Ng, and he had no premeditation or plans to cause injury or death to Ng, and it was an accidental stabbing that unfortunately led to the death of Ng Keng Hua.",
"However, the prosecution rebutted that while Tan truly had the intention to commit armed robbery, it was clear that when he intentionally caused hurt to Ng during the course of robbery, such that the two knife wounds inflicted by Tan was sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death, and on these grounds, it was sufficient to prove that Tan had committed murder, and witnesses also verified it was Tan who used a small knife and stabbed Ng.",
"The prosecution stated that from another perspective, even if it was the missing accomplice Toh Laie who had fatally stabbed Ng, the stabbing was done in furtherance of the common intention between Toh and Tan to rob Ng of his money, and by the legal definition of common intention, the court could still return with a verdict of murder in Tan's case."
],
[
"Tan's death sentence",
"On 22 March 1993, Judicial Commissioner M P H Rubin delivered his verdict.",
"After full consideration of the facts, Judicial Commissioner Rubin found that Tan's defence of accidental stabbing was ought to be rejected, since he has intentionally inflicted the two fatal stab wounds on Ng with a motive to rob the victim and therefore caused Ng's death, and on these grounds, he ruled that the prosecution had proven the charge of murder beyond a reasonable doubt and Tan should be convicted of murder.As a result, 34-year-old Tan Bee Hock was found guilty of murder, and sentenced to death by hanging.",
"Under Singaporean law, offenders would be handed the mandatory death penalty if they were found guilty of murder.",
"Ng's family, including his parents, fiancée and younger siblings, were present in court at the time of sentencing, and Ng's 65-year-old father said that he lost a filial son like Ng, who was the second of eight children (which also include two more sons and five daughters), and described his son as a generous and kind person, and his loss was still greatly felt even after two years since his death.Tan, who did not appeal, had since been hanged for the murder."
],
[
"Current status of Toh Laie",
"In the aftermath, Tan Bee Hock's accomplice Toh Laie was not yet apprehended even after Tan was sentenced to hang.In June 1993, Toh was classified as one of Singapore's ten most wanted criminals.",
"Toh, together with nine other men, were wanted for various serious crimes like murder, kidnapping and firearm robbery.",
"One of these nine other fugitives included Khor Kok Soon, an infamous gunman wanted in 1984 for the murder of a lorry driver and firearm robbery; Khor was arrested in 2003 after spending 19 years on the run, and he was convicted and hanged for shooting at a police officer.In September 1996, it was updated that Toh remained as one of the top ten fugitives on Singapore's wanted list, although only nine of them (including Toh) was included in the list, as the tenth fugitive, Chua Kee Wah (alias Ah Keong), who was wanted for the 1992 double murders of 42-year-old female coffee shop owner Lim Tee Jong and 27-year-old prison warden Karamjit Singh, was killed during a gunfight with the Malaysian police at Kuala Lumpur in 1995.The tenth seat remained vacant as none of the other wanted suspects fit the criteria to be included.",
"In November 1996, Singaporean crime show ''Crimewatch'' revealed the top ten fugitives on Singapore's wanted list, and Toh was one of them.In January 1998, Toh's name once again appeared on the list of the top ten wanted criminals, and on the list itself, the person to remain on the list for the longest time was Chow Kok Heng, who masterminded the kidnapping of an Indonesian boy in 1977.All of Chow's five accomplices were already convicted for the crime: two of them were sentenced to life imprisonment in Singapore with caning while the remaining three, who were caught and tried in Indonesia, spent between three years and seven years in prison.",
"A police spokesperson stated that Toh and the other eight suspects on the list were considered as \"the most dangerous and desperate suspects\", which was why they were being listed as the ten most sought-after fugitives for the respective offences they were charged for.Till today, Toh Laie remains at large for the murder of Ng Keng Hua."
],
[
"See also",
"*Capital punishment in Singapore"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"B. J. Rosco"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''B.",
"Jeanie Groh Stoner Bumpus''' (born 27 November 1932) is an American composer, pianist, and teacher who publishes under the name '''B.",
"J.",
"Rosco.",
"'''Rosco was born in Wilbur, Washington.",
"She studied piano and composition at the Julliard School, the University of Washington, Whitworth College, and Washington State University.",
"Her teachers included Erwin Freundlich, Randolf Holkanson, Constance Keene, Dr. Loran Olsen, and Margaret Saunders Ott.Rosco was the Washington State Music Teachers Association (WSMTA) 2004 Composer of the Year.",
"In addition to the WSMTA, she has received commissions from Clavier magazine, the Joanna Hodges Summer Piano Seminar, and the Southwestern Youth Music Festival.",
"A versatile composer, Rosco is best known for her piano pedagogy compositions.",
"Her multi-volume “''Images''” series represents the musical styles of many eras, and includes a brief history of each era and a list of its important composers.",
"She also studied 20th century composition techniques in order to incorporate them in her piano teaching pieces and introduce students to contemporary music.Rosco’s music is published by Alfred Music and Carl Fischer Music, and includes"
],
[
"Chamber",
"*''Five Pieces'' (brass quartet)"
],
[
"Orchestra",
"*Youth Concerto “A Festival” (piano and orchestra)"
],
[
"Piano",
"*many pedagogical pieces*''Escapades''*''Images'' (multi-volume series) *''Miniature Concerto for Piano'' (2 pianos) *''Spectrums''*''Three Dimensions''*''Tone Poem''*''Whimseys''"
],
[
"Vocal",
"*''High Mass''"
],
[
"External links",
"* Listen to music by B J Rosco"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2024 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships''' were held between the 2nd and 4th of February 2024 in Tábor, Czech Republic."
],
[
"Medal summary",
" '''Men's events'''Men's elite race 58' 14\" +37\" +1' 06\"Men's under-23 race 52' 02\" +27\" +27\"Men's junior race 42' 01\" +9\" +31\" '''Women's events'''Women's elite race 46' 19\" +1' 20\" +1' 54\" 48' 28\" +44\" +55\"Women's junior race 37' 01\" +6\" +14\" '''Mixed events'''Team relay Rémi LelandaisMartin GroslambertCélia GeryLauriane DuraffourgHélène ClauzelAubin Sparfel 1h 01' 23\" Cat FergusonZoe BäckstedtAnna KayOscar AmeyCorran Carrick-AndersonCameron Mason Arthur Van den BoerWard HuybsShanyl De SchoesitterJulie BrouwersSanne CantMichael Vanthourenhout +32\"===Medals table==="
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Brownies & Downies"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Brownies & Downies''' is a chain of restaurants primarily operating in the Netherlands with a single branch in Baarle-Hertog, Belgium.",
"As of 2024, the franchise consists of 59 locations, all of which primarily hires those with learning disabilities in an effort to de-stigmatise them and provide opportunities to those with them in the hospitality industry.",
"Additionally, Brownies & Downies prepares and trains people to become franchisees.Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic there was also a store in Cape Town, South Africa that was founded by Wendy Schultz in 2016, however the store had to close permanently due to the complications presented by the lockdown."
],
[
"Netherlands",
"Brownies & Downies was founded in Veghel, Netherlands in 2010 by two friends, Teun Horck and Thijs Swinkels.",
"Horck was a chef and Swinkels was a special needs teacher.",
"Swinkels wanted to create job opportunities for those with learning disabilities in the hospitality industry, leading the pair to form the business as a non-profit coffee shop.",
"The business would later swap to a for-profit business model so as to avoid relying on government subsidies or donations and ensure that employees were paid a fair minimum wage.In 2020, Brownies & Downies won the Food Service Award for coffee and lunchrooms with a final score of 8.14 in that category, scoring highest on customer friendliness and the appearance and experience of their coffee and lunchrooms.",
"Later that same year, a new branch opened at the Eindhoven University of Technology, its second branch in Eindhoven.In the summer of 2021, Appèl, a catering company for schools, events and companies, partnered with Brownies & Downies to open a branch in the University of Twente, with plans to open more branches in other settings together in the future.",
"Anouk van der Wal, then project manager for Facility Services at the university, said;"
],
[
"Cape Town",
"In 2010, Wendy Schultz was completing a social work internship for her degree in Cape Town, after which she decided to stay in the city.",
"Much like Horck and Swinkels, Schultz saw the lack of facilities, training and job opportunities available to those with learning disabilities after the completion of schooling, while also becoming increasingly aware of the stigma surrounding interacting with those with learning disabilities.",
"This led to her later returning to the Netherlands and contacting Horck and Swinkels to gain their support for a branch and training centre in Cape Town.They both offered their support to her, leading to the foundation of the Cape Town branch in 2016 and Our Second Home, a non-profit organisation aimed at working with Brownies & Downies to train those with learning disabilities interested hospitality and retail.Both the Cape Town branch and Our Second Home would later win several awards, including first place in the 2017 SABF Disability Empowerment Awards and a public service award in the 2018 Oliver Top Empowerment Awards.Despite the success of the Cape Town branch, when the COVID-19 pandemic hit and lockdowns began, the branch had to close permanently in 2020 after an 11-week struggle to keep operating due to persistent overhead costs, a sharp decline in income and a reduction in donations."
],
[
"Controversy",
"Controversy surrounding the name of the business was present both in South Africa when the branch first opened there, with some saying it was completely inappropriate.",
"In a 2016 interview, Schultz said of this;Additionally, in a 2019 interview an employee of the Cape Town branch said;"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Aviad"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Aviad''' is both a given name and surname of Hebrew origin."
],
[
"Given name",
"* Aviad Bourla (born 1993), Israeli footballer* Aviad Frydman (born 1964), Israeli physicist* Aviad Hacohen (born 1962), Israeli lawyer* Aviad Kleinberg (born 1957), Israeli author and historian* Aviad Meitar (born 1959), Israeli executive* Aviad Raz, Israeli sociology professor* Aviad Yafeh (1923–1977), Israeli politician"
],
[
"Surname",
"* Michal Aviad (born 1955), Israeli film director"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Korean Newspaper Archive"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Korean Newspaper Archive''' () is a South Korean newspaper archive operated by the National Library of Korea (NLK).",
"In recent years, the archive has been digitizing its newspapers, and making both the scans and searchable text available to the public, free of charge.",
"It offers newspapers from the first modern Korean newspaper in 1883 to the 1960s.From 2013 to 2022, the library invested 11.57 billion won into digitizing 381,010 pages of 99 brands of newspapers.",
", the newspaper had 99 brands of newspapers containing 8,013,709 articles.",
"Work is being conducted to prepare the transcribed text for use in artificial intelligence applications, as well as to translate the contents of the newspapers into other languages.The significance of the service in studies on modern Korean history has been noted.",
"The website offers services that allow the linking and comparison of information in papers."
],
[
"See also",
"* History of Korean newspapers* List of newspapers in Korea"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"List of astronauts of Indian origin"
],
[
"Introduction",
"As of 2024, five people of Indian origin have been in space.",
"The first astronaut of Indian origin, and only Indian national, in space was Rakesh Sharma on Soyuz T-11 in 1984.Three astronauts – Kalpana Chawla, Sunita Williams and Raja Chari – flew as NASA astronauts.",
"Sirisha Bandla is the first and only Indian-born woman to make a suborbital flight, which she did on Virgin Galactic Unity 22 on July 11, 2021.Chawla and Williams are tied for the record of the number of spaceflights by an astronaut of Indian origin at two each.",
"Sunita Williams and Raja Chari are the only astronauts to have made long-term spaceflights."
],
[
"Orbital",
" No.",
"Image NameBirth date Ancestry Birth Comment Missions (Launch date)180pxRakesh SharmaJanuary 13, 1949IndiaFirst Indian in space.Soyuz T-11/10 (April 3, 1984)280pxKalpana ChawlaMarch 17, 1962IndiaFirst Indian American in space.",
"Died on the ''Columbia''.STS-87 (November 19, 1997)STS-107 (January 16, 2003)380pxSunita WilliamsSeptember 19, 1965IndiaUnited StatesServed on ISS Expedition 14/15 and Expedition 32/33.Second female commander of ISS.STS-116/117 (December 9, 2006) Soyuz TMA-05M (July 15, 2012) Boeing Starliner-1 (future flight)480pxRaja ChariJune 24, 1977IndiaUnited StatesSelected in 2017 to NASA Astronaut Group 22.SpaceX Crew-3 (November 11, 2021)"
],
[
"Suborbital",
" No.",
"Image NameBirth date Ancestry Birth Comment Missions (Launch date)1Sirisha Bandla1988IndiaSecond Indian-born woman to fly to spaceVirgin Galactic Unity 22 (July 11, 2021)"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*ISRO"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Alaa Bellaarouch"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Alaa Bellaarouch''' (born 1 February 2001) is a Moroccan professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for club Strasbourg."
],
[
"Club career",
"Bellaarouch was trained at the Mohammed VI Football Academy in Salé.",
"In 2020, he left Morocco to sign for French club Strasbourg, initially joining the reserve team.",
"In 2022, he signed for Stade Briochin on loan until the end of the season.On 2 February 2024, Bellaarouch made his Ligue 1 debut for Strasbourg in a 2–1 defeat at home to Paris Saint-Germain.",
"Although he saved a penalty from Kylian Mbappé early in the match, he later made a crucial mistake by clearing the ball into Marco Asensio's path, who set up Mbappé for the opening goal."
],
[
"International career",
"Bellaarouch is a Morocco youth international.",
"He was a part of the teams won the 2018 UNAF U-17 Tournament and the 2023 U-23 Africa Cup of Nations."
],
[
"Career statistics",
"+Appearances and goals by club, season, and competitionClubSeasonLeagueCupTotalDivisionAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsStrasbourg B2020–21Championnat National 310—102021–22Championnat National 3170—170Total180—180Stade Briochin (loan)2022–23Championnat National14010150Stade Briochin B (loan)2022–23Championnat National 310—10Strasbourg2023–24Ligue 1303060Career total36040400"
],
[
"Honours",
"'''Morocco U17'''* UNAF U-17 Tournament: 2018'''Morocco U23'''* U-23 Africa Cup of Nations: 2023"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2024 Córdoba Open – Singles"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Luciano Darderi defeated Facundo Bagnis in the final, 6–1, 6–4 to win the singles tennis title at the 2024 Córdoba Open.",
"It was his first ATP Tour title.",
"This was only the third final in ATP history to be contested between two qualifiers, following the 2015 Apia International Sydney and the 2018 Generali Open Kitzbühel.Sebastián Báez was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Darderi."
],
[
"Seeds",
"The top four seeds received a bye into the second round."
],
[
"Draw",
"===Finals======Top half======Bottom half==="
],
[
"Qualifying",
"===Seeds======Qualifiers======Lucky loser======Qualifying draw=======First qualifier========Second qualifier========Third qualifier========Fourth qualifier===="
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Main draw* Qualifying draw"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Thomas Aquinas Research Complex"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Thomas Aquinas Research Complex (TARC)''' is the main venue for research in the University of Santo Tomas in Manila, Philippines.",
"The building houses several research centers, laboratories, and the UST Graduate School."
],
[
"History",
"As early as 1992, plans for the construction of a university research complex were already in place.",
"Construction was planned to begin by 1995 but the actual groundbreaking only happened on June 28, 1999.Designed by former College of Architecture and Fine Arts Dean Yolanda Reyes, the research complex was inaugurated on November 15, 2001.The four-story building houses laboratory rooms, a 216-seater auditorium, seminar and conference rooms."
],
[
"Design",
"The TARC building incorporates the UST Main building's capital and base to its columns.",
"It also includes parapets or overhanging wall portions to cover its sloping roof."
],
[
"Research centers",
"The research centers housed in TARC include:* The Center for Conservation of Cultural Property and Environment in the Tropics was established in 2003 to advance research and advocacy on heritage conservation and sustainable development.",
"* Center for Theology, Religious Studies, and Ethics* The Research Center for the Natural Sciences and Applied Sciences (RCNAS) includes several service units.",
"** The UST Analytical Services Laboratory (UST-ASL), established in 2010, provides physicochemical analytical services and various technical services for samples of research study and industrial importance.",
"UST is the first university in the philippines to receive a certificate of authority to operate in 2019.",
"** UST Collection of Microbial Strains (UST-CMS), established in 2003, maintains locally isolated marine luminous bacteria, clinical bacterial isolates, filamentous fungi and yeasts of terrestrial and marine origin, microalgae and Streptomyces.",
"** The UST Herbarium (USTH) offers curation, accession and storage of plant herbarium, identification of plant specimens, and training on herbarium curation and database management.",
"** The Thomasian Angiosperm Phylogeny and Barcoding Group (TAPBG) is a research team that focuses on studying the biodiversity of Philippine Rubiaceae and medicinal plants.",
"** UST Institutional Animal Care & Use Committee (UST-IACUC)** UST Institutional Biosafety Committee (UST-IBC)** UST Mammalian Tissue Culture Laboratory (UST-MTCL)** UST RCNAS Occupational Safety and Health Committee (UST RCNAS OSHC)* Research Center for Social Sciences and Education (RCSSED)* Innovation and Technology Support Office (ITSO)"
],
[
"Research centers not located in TARC",
"* Center for Creative Writing and Literary Studies (CCWLS) - Benavides Building* Center for Health Research and Movement Science (CHRMS) - St. Martin de Porres Building* Research Center for Culture, Arts, and Humanities (RCCAH) - Central Laboratory Building * The Research Center for Health Sciences (RCHS) is the research arm of the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery.",
"It will be housed in the Henry Sy Sr.",
"Hall.",
"* The UST Zooplankton Ecology, Systematics, and Limnology Laboratory, located at the UST Central Laboratory Building, is home to the first and only organized assemblage of zooplankton samples and specimens collected within the Philippines.",
"The Philippine Zooplankton Reference Collection, established in 2011, is an essential tool in documenting zooplankton diversity, distribution, and ecology in the Philippine inland waters."
],
[
"Takayama Statue",
"The statue of Japanese samurai-saint Justo Takayama stands at the entrance of the building.",
"A new marker that narrates Takayama's catholic devotion was unveiled in March 2017, a month after Takayama was beatified in Osaka, Japan."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Florence Is Crazy"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Florence Is Crazy''''' (French: '''''Florence est folle''''') is a 1944 French comedy film directed by Georges Lacombe and starring Annie Ducaux, André Luguet and Pierre Palau.",
"It was shot at the Saint-Maurice Studios in Paris.",
"The film's sets were designed by the art director Lucien Carré."
],
[
"Cast",
"* Annie Ducaux as Lucile* André Luguet as Jérôme Benoît* Pierre Palau as \tMonsieur Borel* Marcelle Praince as \tMadame Chantelouve* Yves Deniaud as \tBianco* Jean-Jacques Lécot as \tBobby * Eugène Yvernès as\tAlexandre * André Wasley as\tL'inspecteur * Lise Florelly as La bonne \t* Roland Armontel as\tLe professeur Wonder * Jacques Louvigny as \tDieutegard * Marguerite de Morlaye as Une dame au 'Firmament' * Paul Faivre as Pierre Benoît * Robert Le Fort as Le photographe * Victor Tcherniavsky as L'accusé"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* Crisp, Colin.",
"''French Cinema—A Critical Filmography: Volume 2, 1940–1958''.",
"Indiana University Press, 2015.",
"* Rège, Philippe.",
"''Encyclopedia of French Film Directors, Volume 1''.",
"Scarecrow Press, 2009."
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"AC Transit Route 72"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''72''' is a bus route in the East Bay operated by AC Transit.",
"It serves the San Pablo Avenue corridor between Jack London Square in Oakland and Hilltop Mall in Richmond.",
"The service is descendant from the original streetcar lines that ran along the street.Transit services along San Pablo Avenue were previously provided by two streetcar systems.",
"The Oakland Traction Company San Pablo Line served the street in Alameda County and the East Shore and Suburban Railway served the street in Contra Costa County with a transfer between the two at the county line.",
"A one-seat ride was established with the introduction of buses along San Pablo Avenue on November 7, 1933.The 72 Line initially terminated at Sixth Street in Richmond and at Tenth Street in Oakland.By 1973 and the start of Bay Area Rapid Transit services, the 72 ran as several branching lines off San Pablo with letter designations: 72B, 72C, 72M, and 72P.On June 30, 2003, AC Transit inaugurated its first service with bus rapid transit features along the 72's route.",
"Stops on the 72R are spaced roughly every , with priority given at signals along the route."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* 72 Line — via AC Transit"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"The Caricature Magazine or Hudibrastic Mirror"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''The Caricature Magazine or Hudibrastic Mirror''''' was a British fortnightly magazine of humorous and satirical prints, first issued in 1806 by London publisher Thomas Tegg, and edited by George Woodward, the comic author and caricaturist, upon whose designs many of its prints were originally based.",
"The British artist Thomas Rowlandson was a leading contributor and took over its direction after Woodward's death in 1809.The magazine's lively coloured designs by leading caricaturists of the day and comparatively low pricing were an immediate success and Tegg continued to publish the magazine until 1819.Tegg also reissued back numbers as bound volumes; prints from these volumes survive in quite large numbers and are among the best known surviving Georgian social caricatures."
],
[
"History",
"=== Woodward's ''Caricature Magazine'' ===Isaac Cruikshank after G.M.Woodward '''A Long Headed Assembly''' 1807 ''Caricature Magazine'' (British Museum)The magazine was launched in 1806, offered on subscription, and advertised widely by Thomas Tegg in magazines such as The Monthly Magazine, Monthly Literary Recreations, and The Sun.",
"A short-lived but successful precursor, ''The Laughable Magazine'', seems to have been launched by Rowlandson in May 1806 before Rowlandson and Woodward joined forces to produce ''The Caricature Magazine''.",
"No surviving intact copies of the ''The Laughable Magazine'' are recorded but a surviving title page, similar in design to one later used by ''The Caricature Magazine'', indicates that it offered prints by Rowlandson after \"Sir Edmund Bunbury\".",
"This was probably Sir Edward Henry Bunbury, second son of William Henry Bunbury, the caricaturist.",
"Some of the prints from the ''Laughable Magazine'' can be found in the British Museum and elsewhere; many relate to popular songs, for example, ''Black, Brown and Fair''.",
"''The Laughable Magazine'' is also advertised on the wrappers for the original issue in parts of the ''The Caricature Magazine''.",
"Tegg continued to advertise ''The Caricature Magazine'' heavily over the next few years, and judging by the number of surviving prints from it, it had a relatively large circulation.Each issue of ''The Caricature Magazine'' comprised two caricatures in a blue paper wrapper, initially priced at 'two shillings coloured, one shilling plain'.",
"The prints were straightforward etchings without aquatint, all of a similar size around 12 x 8 1/2 inches and could made quickly and be used in large print runs.",
"The wrapper was printed in black on front and back; the front had a woodblock vignette of four Lilliputian figures, surrounded by a letterpress inscription : 'The Caricature Magazine or Hudibrastic Mirror containing a most capital collection of Caricatures from original drawings by G.M.Woodward, Esq, Author of Eccentric Excursions in England and Wales and engraved by Mr Rowlandson, Author of the Laughable Magazine'.",
"Further publication details below the vignette listed the London bookshops that stocked the magazine.",
"The back of the wrapper had advertisements for some of Tegg's other publications.",
"Examples of the first sixteen issues of the Caricature magazine in their original wrappers survive in the Huntington Library Pasadena and in the collection of William A Gordon of Glencoe, Illinois.=== Contributors ===Thomas Rowlandson '''The Corsican Spider in his Web''' (1808) ''Caricature Magazine'' (Metropolitan Museum) Although Woodward was widely known to his contemporaries as a popular comic author, as an artist and caricaturist he was only an amateur.",
"He served as an 'ideas man' for the magazine, making rough sketches of satires and devising jokes which were then transformed into etchings by Rowlandson and others.",
"Woodward had previously devised a large number of designs for caricatures for Samuel William Fores and others as well as to illustrate his own books such as ''Eccentric Excursions'' (1796).Thomas Rowlandson '''Distillers looking into their own Business''', ''Caricature Magazine'' (Wellcome Institute, London) Thomas Rowlandson '''Sports of a Country Fair''' (1811), ''Caricature Magazine'' (Metropolitan Museum, New York)Although Rowlandson is given as the leading artist on the printed wrappers for the fortnightly issue in parts, in the first instance he appears to been merely lending his name to the project as an established 'brand'.",
"The prints in the first few issues were mostly etched by Isaac Cruikshank after Woodward's designs.",
"Prints by Rowlandson did not appear till April 1807.Over time Rowlandson etched well over 200 prints for the magazine including celebrated images such as ''Distillers Looking into their own Business'' (1811), ''Portsmouth Point'' (1814) and ''Dropsy Courting Consumption '' Other contributors included John Cawse, George Cruikshank, Isaac Cruikshank, Robert Cruikshank, William Elmes, Henry Heath, William Heath, Lewis Marks, Piercy Roberts, and Charles WilliamsNot all of the prints issued in ''The Caricature Magazine'' were original to the magazine.",
"Tegg bought up the caricature plates of other printsellers who had gone out of business such as Elizabeth Jackson and Piercy Roberts.=== The bound volumes ===At the same time as selling new issues, Tegg sold individual issues and compilations of the back numbers of the magazine that could be bound up as a volume.",
"The publication in parts included a title page and a tailpiece every fifty or so prints precisely for this purpose.",
"Some of the endpieces include caricature portraits of Woodward and of Tegg and possibly some of the other contributors such as Rowlandson.Tegg used a system of numbering to index his large stock of caricature prints.",
"These are typically etched into the top margin of the plate and are now commonly known as 'Tegg Numbers'.",
"He changed this numbering system at least twice over time, renumbering some plates to the revised system, so that it is possible to find impressions of the same plate printed at different times with two or three different different numbers, and conversely, impressions of two different plates may be found with the same number.",
"Unlike some of Tegg's other compilations, such as The Wits Magazine and Attic Miscellany, there was no uniform edition of accumulated ''Caricature Magazine'' published once the publication in parts was completed and surviving examples of the volumes all appear to be ad hoc assemblies of a selection plates, with many minor differences between sets.Thomas Rowlandson after G.M.Woodward.",
"'''Business and Pleasure.'''",
"''Caricature Magazine'' (Metropolitan Museum, New York)Restrikes from the ''Caricature Magazine'' plates continue to be made right up until the 1840s, often poorly printed and with slapdash colouring.",
"Later reissues of 'Tegg' caricature plates usually have the original publication date removed from the plate, retaining just Tegg's Name and address at 111 Cheapside and of the price (\"1s coloured 6d plain\").",
"In prints satirising specific political events however, such as the rise and fall of Napoleon, the date was mostly left on.Later on, even larger \"Caricature Magazine\" compilations were created for mid-19th Century collectors of caricatures, extending to as many as 5 volumes.",
"Examples with their Tegg title pages and end pieces can be found in a number of major libraries with large caricature holdings, including Yale University Library, Lewis Walpole Library Farmington, Connecticut Princeton, Houghton Library Harvard, the Pierpont Morgan Library New York, the Art Institute of Chicago and other collections.",
"However the large later compilations also included caricatures that were never published in the original ''Caricature Magazine''.",
"Among these are reduced size copies of James Gillray prints that had originally published by the London publisher Thomas Miller in the 1820s, and prints that had been independently published by Rowlandson himself - and not by Tegg - in the early 1800s.=== Rowlandson's ''Caricature Magazine'' ===Woodward died in 1809.Rowlandson took over as the leading name and title pages after that date bear his name rather than Woodward's (see title pages below).",
"Rowlandson contributed nearly 200 further prints to the Magazine after Woodward's death, alongside prints by Charles Williams (caricaturist), Isaac Cruikshank and George Cruikshank."
],
[
"Subject matter",
"George Cruikshank '''Dandy pickpockets, diving''' 1818 ''Caricature Magazine''Initially the ''Caricature Magazine'' offered predominantly social caricature, but later included a limited amount of political satire, including many prints against Napoleon in the period 1807-1814 and a few on the Royal family.",
"(Tegg's extensive series of prints on the Duke of York and the 1809 Clarke scandal were published separately by Tegg and not as part of the ''Caricature Magazine'', although they employed a similar format and the same artists.)",
"A comment on slavery is seen in William Elmes's two satires in comic strip form on West Indian plantation owners - ''The Adventures of Johnny Newcome''.",
"The ''Caricature Magazine'' caricatures offer a wealth of visual information and insight into daily life in the Georgian era and thus are frequently found as illustrations in modern history books for the era.",
"They comment on a multitude of everyday subjects such as religion, divorce, doctors, barbers, servants, eating, dentistry, prostitution, sailors, taxes,etc., etc., throwing light onto on Georgian social customs and attitudes, as well as commenting on novelties in fashion such as the transgressive Dandyism, and technological innovations such as the Velocipede, forerunner of the modern bicycle.Most of the prints from the ''Caricature Magazine'' are described in detail by M. Dorothy George in volumes VIII - to XI of the Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum."
],
[
"Influence",
"'''The Secret History of Crim Con, Fig 1'''; Thomas Rowlandson after George Woodward.",
"''Caricature Magazine'' (Metropolitan Museum, New York)The ''Caricature Magazine'' widespread popularity made it influential in developing and spreading the formulas and conventions of modern mass-market comic illustration.",
"Woodward is recognized as one of the originators of the modern comic strip, using a sequence of related images to tell a story; a technique he first adopted in a series of strip caricatures for Samuel William Fores made in the 1790s.He was also an early proponent of the \"single gag\" image, forerunner of the modern pocket cartoon, providing captions for a joke with a punchline - often extremely laboured or feeble - to accompany a comic image.",
"Not all Woodward's images were captioned however, and some of his designs use just body language and exaggerated facial expression to express a comic situation or character."
],
[
"Gallery of ''Caricature Magazine'' title pages and end pieces"
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"Works cited",
"*"
],
[
"External links",
"* British Museum On line catalogue"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Robert Hooper (Vermont politician)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Robert Hooper''' is an American politician from Vermont.",
"He is a US Army veteran and has been a Democratic member of the Vermont House of Representatives for the Chittenden-18 District since 2023."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Official website"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Arkeria Rose Armstrong"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Arkeria Rose Armstrong''' is an Aboriginal artist of the Gamilaraay nation.",
"Having a childhood spent traversing the Australian outback in a caravan, Armstrong later obtained a teaching degree before an offer from a Danish art gallery owner resulted in her official artistic debut in 2015.Her work is heavily based on inspiration from her grandparents, one a traditional dots in ochre painter and the other one of the last sand painters in New South Wales.",
"After her initial exhibition titled ''Strong Connection'' in the Aboriginal Art Gallery in Rotterdam, the opening presentation for her work having been done by the Australian ambassador to the Netherlands, Armstrong's pieces were exhibited in several other art galleries across Australia in the years since.",
"However, her pieces continue to be exhibited in aboriginal art galleries in the Netherlands as well."
],
[
"Childhood and education",
"Born in Ceduna, South Australia in 1988, Armstrong's father decided to become a gold prospector when she was seven, resulting in her spending several years of her childhood in a caravan traveling across the Australian outback.",
"Her mother, Stephanie Armstrong, was a teacher that homeschooled her and her sister while they were traveling to ensure they still obtained a solid education.",
"The family eventually sold the caravan after four years and moved to Broome, Australia where Armstrong went to high school.",
"During that same time period, she had a job as a pearl farmer.",
"She later graduated from La Trobe Bendigo with a degree in teaching."
],
[
"Art and style",
"The artistic style Armstrong developed was based on what she learned from her grandparents, with her grandfather's style, a Yorta Yorta painter named Don Briggs, focusing on \"dots painted in ochre\".",
"Her Gamilaraay grandmother, Rose Fernando, was a sand painter of only a few that remain in New South Wales and she used her painting style alongside storytelling through the sand drawn images.",
"Armstrong's version of the style uses the dots method combined with bright colors to represent the \"natural landscapes of Australia\" and the cultural history of her people.",
"Her paintings seek to evoke the stories that her grandmother told and her inspirations from past Aboriginal artists, such as Emily Kame Kngwarreye.",
"Including paintings, she also produces bracelets, pendants, and earrings with her dot style on the exterior."
],
[
"Career",
"After receiving her university degree and traveling in Kimberley in 2015, Armstrong happened to meet Michel Arends, gallery owner of the Aboriginal Art Gallery in Rotterdam, and he invited her to present her first solo exhibition at his family's gallery.",
"She completed a 30-piece collection titled ''Strong Connection'' for the exhibition, with one of her landscapes of the New South Wales region being the primary feature.",
"The exhibition of her work was opened by Brett Mason, the Australian ambassador to the Netherlands at the time.",
"She then spent the summer of 2016 on a collection of painting commissioned by the town of Alice Springs and featuring images of the Pilbara landscape.",
"That same year, an Exhibit B gallery was set up for a month in Bendigo, Victoria and established by the city coordinator, with Armstrong being one of the featured artists.",
"In October 2017, a new exhibition of her work titled ''Black Soil'' was shown at the Dudley House gallery in Bendigo, Victoria, focusing on the agricultural soil of Gamilaraay country.",
"One of twenty-one Aboriginal artists involved in the ''Stories and Structures – New Connections'' exhibition hosted by Microscopy Australia in 2018, Armstrong's work focused on artistically representing the beauty of microscopic images.",
"She was one of the artists represented in the 2019 ''Marking the Infinite: Contemporary Women Artists from Aboriginal Australia'' exhibition held by the Museum of Anthropology at UBC.",
"She also partnered with the company Occulture to have jewelry developed with her paintings on them.",
"Her work has also been featured at the Aboriginal Art Amsterdam gallery, such as her piece ''Miyamiyaa'' (''Several Girls'') in 2022, which represents the Seven Sisters constellation and its importance in Aboriginal folklore."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Armstrong lives in the region of the Djadjawurrung people in Bendigo, Victoria with her husband and daughter."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Effect of the Israel–Hamas war on children in the Gaza Strip"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Wounded child at Al-Shifa HospitalAs a result of the Israel–Hamas war, children have been disproportionately impacted in the Gaza Strip, where 40% of the population is 14 or under.",
"On 13 November, UNICEF reported that more than 700,000 children in Gaza were displaced.",
"A dire humanitarian crisis, with reports of children suffering from a serious epidemic of gastroenteritis due to the lack of clean water, led to concerns amongst health officials and aid organizations.Save the Children, UNICEF, and Palestinian health officials described children being left with permanent disabilities, mental health issues, and amputations, with thousands experiencing dehydration, malnutrition, respiratory, and skin diseases.",
"By mid-January 2024, an estimated 10,000 children in Gaza had been killed, with thousands more buried under rubble.",
"The UNICEF deputy director called the conditions of children in Gaza the \"most horrific\" he had ever seen.",
"The ongoing crisis also impacted routine vaccinations, leaving thousands of children at risk, and further compounded challenges included inadequate shelter, a lack of adequate winter coats, and the psychological toll on children's mental health."
],
[
"Health",
"Since 2007, Israel had implemented a strict land and sea blockade that had prevented items such as food and medicine from moving into the Gaza Strip, with the health system struggling before the war.",
"Dr. Ahmed al-Fara, the head of pediatrics at Nasser Medical Complex in Khan Younis, stated due to the lack of water during the war, he was witnessing the \"most serious epidemic of gastroenteritis\" among children he had ever seen.",
"Catherine M. Russell, the executive director of UNICEF, toured Gaza on 15 November, stating many children were lacking medical care.",
"On 28 December, UNOCHA stated 50 percent of all children in the Gaza Strip were experiencing dehydration, malnutrition, respiratory and skin diseases.",
"Cases of diarrhea in children under the age of five has increased by about 2,000% since October 7 per a UNICEF report.",
"A UN spokesperson indicated that between 7 October 2023 and 4 January 2024, disease had skyrocketed in Gaza with more then 400,000 cases of infectious disease reported, which included about 180,000 people with upper respiratory infections and more then 136,000 cases of diarrhea, with half of cases presenting in children under 5.According to statistics published by the World Health Organization (WHO) only about 30% of medics were still working due to the widespread affects of the war in Gaza.",
"An amputee patient in a southern Gazan hospital stated that medication comes through the crossing into Gaza every four days but its not a guarantee that patients receive medication, and that in some hospitals patients have to pay for medication and food up front.===Vaccinations===In mid-December 2023, the Gaza Health Ministry stated it had run out of vaccinations for children, which would have catastrophic repercussions.",
"An UNOCHA representative stated the organization was having difficulty delivering childhood vaccines.",
"On 29 January, UNICEF reported that 16,000 children were at risk of missing routine vaccinations.",
"===Mental health===Prior to the war there were high numbers of children in Gaza that had documented high levels of emotional distress and mental illness, with a study in 2011 finding that among Palestinian children PTSD rates were between 23-70%, while a UNICEF study in 2021 found one in three children in Gaza needed care for conflict-related trauma.",
"Save the Children reported serious signs of mental health issues among children in Gaza in West Bank and in Israel.",
"Describing the impact of war on children's mental health, the Save the Children director of humanitarian policy stated the war had \"starved and robbed any sense of safety and security\".",
"On 2 February 2024, UNICEF reported that one million children, or nearly every child in Gaza, was in need of mental health support.Mohammed Brighieth, a professor at Birzeit University, warned of the psychological impact of the war on children, stating, \"The children of Gaza live somewhere between the process of psychological trauma and certain death.\"",
"A 5-year-old whose entire immediate family was killed by an Israeli airstrike while evacuating to Rafah, was described as being starkly different by his grandmother, he was reportedly in shock, does not talk much, and was scared of any sounds.",
"Parents in Rafah purchased songbirds for their children to help them cope with the constant sounds of bombing.===Hypothermia===On 16 January, doctors reported children weakened by starvation were dying from hypothermia.",
"An Action Aid coordinator stated on 27 January that children without winter coats were suffering from the cold and rainfall of the winter months, with new commercial products prevented from being brought in.",
"An ''Al Jazeera'' correspondent reported he had witnessed children sleeping in cold, mud-filled tents.",
"One father stated in an interview on 2 February 2024, \" It’s so freezing.",
"Even my children can’t.",
"One to two blankets aren’t enough at all.",
"I have a newborn baby.",
"I fear he will be ill every other day.\"",
"Children in Rafah were dressed in remaining PPE equipment from the Covid-19 pandemic in order to keep warm.===Starvation===On 3 January 2024, UNICEF chief Catherine M. Russell stated many children in Gaza were facing severe acute malnutrition.",
"On 5 January, UNICEF found 90 percent of children under the age of two were eating two or fewer food groups a day.",
"On 3 February, Hani Mahmoud, an ''Al Jazeera'' journalist in Rafah, stated, \"We’re seeing children roaming around in Rafah looking for scraps of food.\"",
"In early January 2024 UNICEF reported that around 90% of children in Gaza under 2 were subjected to severe food poverty, which had jumped from 80% about two weeks prior.Price jumps have also been seen by those attempting to purchase food, with a caregiver purchasing through a procurement company infant formula which had cost him $1,680 before the war, but paying $2,160 in February 2024.The United Nations stated on 10 February that 10 percent of children under five-years-old were suffering from acute malnourishment.",
"One mother reported feeding her newborn using date paste.",
"On 19 February, UNICEF found that nearly 16 percent of children in northern Gaza under two-years-old were \"acutely malnourished\", with 3 percent suffering from severe wasting."
],
[
"Casualties",
"Wounded child at al-Shifa Hospital, October 2023===Dead and missing===By 3 December, an estimated 6,150 children had been killed in the conflict.",
"More children were killed in Gaza in two and a half months than the total of children killed in all conflicts around the world in the previous three years combined.",
"By mid-January 2024, an estimated 10,000 children in Gaza had been killed, with thousands more buried under rubble.",
"By 5 February 2024, Defense for Children International estimated that 12,100 children had been killed in Gaza.",
"Children have been killed in Israeli airstrikes, even in areas deemed a \"safe zone\" by the IDF, such as when a family of twelve were killed in a safe zone in Mawasi in southern Gaza, of which 10 were children.",
"Some parents reported speaking to their children about what to do if one or both of their parents were killed, such as where important documents are and where to find aid or shelter.",
"Hospital and emergency workers in Gaza noted that parents and relatives of some children wrote on children's bodies, mostly on their legs and abdomens, so the children would be identifiable if found in the rubble or get lost.",
"One employee stated; \"Many of the children are missing, many get here with their skulls broken… and it’s impossible to identify them, only though that writing do they get identified.\"",
"The bodies of some children buried under rubble remained unrecovered.",
"In one case, a newborn were rescued from under rubble after surviving a bombing.",
"UNICEF has warned that the war has become a war on children, as in late December 2023 minors were estimated to account for 40% of those killed in Gaza, comparative to past conflicts were minors would be about 20%.",
"Police also killed a 13-year-old boy and beat and fired at teenagers that tried to get supplies from aid trucks.",
"In February 2024, an American doctor returning from the Gaza Strip wrote an op-ed in the ''Los Angeles Times'' stating that she had witnessed children being deliberately targeted by Israeli snipers, writing, \"On one occasion, a handful of children, all about ages 5 to 8, were carried to the emergency room by their parents.",
"All had single sniper shots to the head... None of these children survived.\"",
"The former head of Mossad told ''Kan'' that everyone over the age of four \"supports Hamas\".====Death of Hind Rajab====In February 2024, the Palestinian Red Crescent reported that a paramedic unit had gone missing attempting to rescue six-year-old Hind Rajab.",
"In released audio of the emergency call, Rajab is heard telling the paramedics, \"I'm so scared.",
"Please come,\" with gunfire in the background immediately after the family's car had been hit by an Israeli tank.",
"On 3 February, the media director of the Palestinian Red Crescent stated only Israeli forces knew what had happened to Hind.",
"On 5 February, one week after the attack, Rajab's mother stated, \"I have been appealing to the whole world, but no one moved a finger.\"",
"Her grandfather stated, \"We want to know her fate, whatever it was.\"",
"On 8 February, ten days after Rajab went missing, the Palestinian Red Crescent stated, \"We want answers, we want the truth, we need the painful silence to end.\"",
"On 10 February 2024, Rajab was found dead along with the bodies of the two paramedics.===Injured===Medic carried wounded childDoctors warned children who survived Israeli airstrikes were left with permanent disabilities and trauma.",
"Save the Children reported 10 children a day in Gaza had lost their limbs, which would result in a lifetime of medical needs.",
"A UNICEF spokesperson James Elder was quoted after returning from Gaza in mid December 2023, that around 1,000 children had lost one or both legs since the 7 October attacks and the start of the war.",
"Many of the surgeries preformed on the children and other patients were preformed without anesthesia due to severe shortages of medical supplies in Gaza, according to the WHO.",
"A WHO Emergency Medical Team coordinator has also cautioned that due to lack of medical expertise and time, some of the amputations done were unnecessary or due to a time delay.",
"A British doctor who spent time in Gaza through a medical charity and returned to the United Kingdom in December 2023, highlighted the concerns of poor hygiene and medical supply shortages that could cause wounds to become worse and make some un-survivable.",
"This was echoed by UNICEF spokesperson James Elder who recounted seeing a child who had been stuck in a vehicle at an Israeli military checkpoint for days due to delays, with a wound that had started to decompose.",
"While other children's stumps after amputation had to bee re-opened after infections had set in.A report by Save the Children on 12 January stated children were \"enduring unspeakable horrors, including life-changing injuries, burns, disease, inadequate medical care, and losing their parents and other loved ones\".",
"A Doctors Without Borders doctor stated children were suffering from \"terrible injuries, huge burns covering 50-70% of their body and massively broken limbs\".",
"An 11 year old speaking to reporters about her injuries which included an amputated leg and with the other severely injured, in early January 2024 expressed her hope in getting an artificial limb, and lamented how her life has become \"ugly and sad\" after the injury.",
"A doctor with Doctors Without Borders reflected that even after working in many war zones, he has seen more injured children in Gaza, stating; \"It was really shocking for me because I have never seen babies.",
"So many babies victim of trauma, of war, with war wounds\".",
"A five-year-old boy with cerebral palsy was orphaned and had grenade shrapnel lodged in his brain, after the IDF raided the family's home and executed his parents.===Orphaned===Aid workers coined the term WCNSF, meaning Wounded Child No Surviving Family.",
"In mid-December 2023, the Euro-Med Monitor estimated at least 25,000 children had lost one or both parents.",
"UNICEF reported that extended families were taking on the responsibility of caring for orphaned children.",
"UNICEF expressed further concerns about difficulties with orphaned children, stating, \"The youngest ones very often cannot say their name and even the older ones are usually in shock so it can be extremely difficult to identify them\".",
"Additional difficulties have been identified as the intensification of Israeli airstrikes and invasion into Gaza and rapidly changing situation within Gaza, with efforts to open communication with hospitals and health staff hindered by the war.",
"Per UNICEF the standard system to identify, document, trace and reunite children with relatives or siblings was barely functional in early December 2023.The UN has also estimated that about 40% of all people in Gaza have lost ID cards and documents due to the war, which has also hindered reunification and identification.Many orphaned children recount their difficulty at processing or saying goodbye to their parents and siblings after their deaths, due to lack of funeral or memorial services, uncertainty of the future and delay at being told due to medical fragility.",
"Humanitarian organizations reported difficulties with orphaned children who were too young to know their own names.",
"Older siblings also took on responsibility for caring for their younger siblings after being orphaned."
],
[
"Displacement",
"On 13 November, UNICEF stated more than 700,000 children in Gaza were displaced.",
"On 22 November 2023, UNICEF reported unaccompanied children had been identified evacuating from northern to southern Gaza by themselves.",
"On 28 November, James Elder, a UNICEF spokesperson, stated wounded children were sheltering outdoors in car parks and gardens.By December 2023, Save the Children reported it's likely that about 893,000 children were internally displaced in Gaza, average of 12,000 children a day forced to flee their homes, with some having to evacuate multiple times.",
"Of the about 1.9 million displaced people in southern Gaza children make up almost 50% of the evacuees.",
"On 9 February, Catherine Russell stated, \"UNICEF is urgently calling on the parties to refrain from military escalation in Rafah Governate in Gaza where over 600,000 children and their families have been displaced – many of them more than once.",
"\"=== Medical evacuation ===Evacuation planning for children with medical concerns such as cancer out of Gaza and to continue treatment began in mid-October 2023, with discussions and negotiations among the United States, Egypt, Israel and Palestinian health officials along with World Health Organization and St. Jude Children's Research Hospital representatives.",
"Many families and officials involved in Gaza have described a difficult process with damage to transportation avenues and communication networks causing many to miss crossing or pick up times, while others were not allowed to evacuate with their children.",
"After repeated airstrike damage and lack of fuel at least two dozen premature babies were evacuated out of Gaza hospitals to Egypt to continue the specialized care they needed.",
"Those that were evacuated were suffering from life-threatening conditions including dehydration, vomiting, hypothermia and sepsis due to the lack of medicine and fuel.",
"Injured children were also evacuated with Turkey offering treatment and resources to at least two groups of children that were receiving intensive care treatment."
],
[
"Birth and pregnancy",
"Wounded infant at Al-Shifa Hospital, 11 October 2023An estimated 150 babies were born in Gaza per day since the start of the conflict.",
"A pediatric doctor at the Emirati Hospital in Rafah, stated the number of premature babies born in Gaza had risen sharply.",
"Newborn babies receiving specialized care in the West Bank were separated from their mothers who were trapped in Gaza.",
"Oxfam stated newborn babies were dying from preventable diseases such as infection, hypothermia, diarrhea, and dehydration.",
"By mid-December, parents were struggling to feed newborn babies, as mothers had insufficient nutrition to breastfeed.",
"Newborn babies born during the conflict died in airstrikes, though some were rescued from the rubble.",
"A UNOCHA representative stated she had met a woman forced to give birth in the street, and that the baby had died.",
"One woman reported being unable to bathe her newborns more than ten days after their birth, due to the lack of clean water.On 18 January 2024, Natalia Kanem, the executive director of the UN Population Fund, spoke at the World Economic Forum at Davos, stating the situation was the \"worst nightmare\" the UNPF representative had ever witnessed, as there were 180 women giving birth daily, sometimes on the streets of Gaza, as the territory's health system collapsed.",
"On 17 January, Care International reported a 300 percent increase in the rate of miscarriage in Gaza since the start of Israel's bombing.",
"UNICEF reported on 19 January that 20,000 babies had been born in the Gaza Strip since 7 October.",
"UNICEF described each birth as a baby being \"delivered into hell\", and stated \"humanity cannot allow this warped version of normal to persist any longer.\"",
"The UN Women's agency reported that since the start of the conflict, two mothers in Gaza had been killed every hour, every day.",
"WHO reported an increase in stress-induced stillbirths.Doctors Without Borders stated that women were giving birth in plastic tents, and that those undergoing C-sections were being released within hours.",
"It also reported that women were being turned away from hospitals due to overcrowding, with some forced to birth in public restrooms.",
"Doctors at Kamal Adwan Hospital performed an emergency c-section on a deceased pregnant woman in February 2024, after which they performed a fetal cardiac resuscitation; however, the baby did not survive.===Premature babies===The plight of Gaza's premature babies gained global attention.",
"In late October, Gaza's premature babies faced a critical situation as Medical Aid for Palestinians and UNICEF warned that 130 infants were at risk of death due to a hospital fuel shortage caused by Israel's siege.",
"The lack of fuel led to power outages, endangering premature babies in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).",
"Despite assurances from the IDF to assist in evacuations, the Gaza Health Ministry reported a lack of evacuation mechanisms, resulting in the deaths of several infants.The situation escalated in mid-November when Israel launched a raid on al-Shifa Hospital.",
"Evacuations eventually occurred, facilitated by the Palestinian Red Crescent, World Health Organization, and UNOCHA, with 31 premature babies moved to southern Gaza, with most then to Egypt.",
"Not all infants were accompanied by their parents, and two died at al-Shifa before the evacuation occurred.The distress extended to Al-Nasr Children's Hospital, bombed by the IDF in early November, where medical workers had to leave babies in incubators during evacuation.",
"Video footage later revealed the aftermath, with five premature babies found dead in their incubators.",
"The IDF initially denied responsibility, though an Israel official was heard providing assurances to evacuate the hospital in a released audio.",
"In mid-December, a military siege on Kamal Adwan Hospital worsened the situation, as IDF soldiers reportedly prevented staff from supporting 12 babies in intensive care."
],
[
"Education",
"Education in the Gaza Strip is seen as a point of pride and a high priority.",
"More then 95% of the children aged between 6-12 were attending school before the war, with the majority graduating from high school.",
"In December 2023, Jonathan Crick, a spokesperson for UNICEF in Jerusalem stated that there is absolutely no form of education or schooling in the Gaza Strip, and the about 625,000 school age children in the Strip are being deprived of an education due to war.",
"In January 2024, the United Nations reported that children in Gaza would lose at least one year of education due to the war.",
"According to the Palestinian Ministry of Education, the war has caused the death of about 4,327 students and injured about 7, 819 others by January 2024.Additionally at least 200 teachers have been killed and more then 500 injured by December 2023 with the number increasing to 231 teachers and administrators killed and 756 wounded by January 2024.Schools were closed at the start of the war, and underwent sustained bombing by the Israeli military, while others, such as the Israa University, were occupied and then destroyed by the Israeli military.",
"By mid-December 2023 about 352 school buildings had been damaged, which is over 70% of the Strip's education infrastructure, with others being utilized to hold evacuated individuals and interiors utilized for fuel and survival.",
"Some teachers attempted to continue lessons as they could, in courtyards and other areas not utilized by evacuated populations, with one teacher calling it an act of defiance and a small return to normal."
],
[
"Use of children by Hamas",
"The Israeli military accused Hamas of using child soldiers and of positioning children on the frontlines while its operatives hide in shelters, including to deliver explosive devices and to scout the battlefield in order to “assess the damage” on battlefields.",
"Israel officials have raised claims that Hamas and Islamic Jihad had for years run summer camps in the Gaza Strip where children underwent military training.",
"According to the Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories, a unit of the Israeli ministry of defense,\"a senior Hamas militant\" said that Hamas used children to carry explosives.",
"The use and recruitment of children under 15 as soldiers is a war crime, and the IDF claimed that \"over 170 minors are identified as terrorist operatives in the Gaza Strip\".",
"The IDF released photos that they said showed children armed with automatic weapons and rocket-propelled grenades, certificates of appreciation for the children and active veterans associating them with the Hamas organisation and Islamic Jihad.According to Israel, Hamas sent over one hundred children and women to a compound the IDF was targeting to act as human shield in November 2023.Israel has reported that the IDF has uncovered weapons stored in children's room.",
"Israel also said that they had found entrances to multiple Hamas tunnels near and under children's beds during the war.According to Israel, children are also used by Hamas to scout and observe the IDF forces, reporting activity, locations, and extent of the forces.",
"in some cases baby carriages are used by women observers so they will not raise suspicion.",
"An IDF officer said that the IDF will not shoot or pursuit children that unusually appear in the battlefield."
],
[
"Reactions",
"Meirav Ben-Ari, an Israeli Knesset member, stated, \"The children in Gaza brought it upon themselves.\"",
"Far-right Israeli Nation Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir called for the death of any child or woman who got too close to the border during a debate with Israeli military chief Herzi Halevi, claiming that \"We cannot have women and children getting close to the border... anyone who gets near must get a bullet in the head,\".",
"Ben-Gvir claimed that the open-fire policy he was advocating for was based on the perceived use of women and children by Hamas to target Israel.=== International and domestic organizations ===UNICEF spokesperson Toby Fricker stated, \"There is no safe place for children anywhere across the strip right now.\"",
"On 19 December, the United Nations stated Gaza was \"by far the most dangerous place in the world to be a child\".",
"James Elder, a UNICEF spokesperson, called the conflict in Gaza a \"war on children.\"",
"On 6 January 2024, Tanya Haj-Hassan, a doctor with Doctors Without Borders, stated children in Gaza were \"dying in every way possible.\"",
"On 18 January 2024, the deputy executive director of UNICEF stated the suffering of children in Gaza were the \"most horrific conditions I have ever seen.\"",
"On 2 February 2024, the UNICEF chair stated, \"The situation for children in Gaza grows bleaker every day.",
"The world cannot abandon them.",
"\"In an open letter to the United Kingdom government the British Society for Middle Easter Studies (BRISMES) called the perceived systematic targeting of universities, schools, laboratories and libraries as a component of a genocidal strategy aimed at destroying the Palestinian educations system in Gaza.",
"The chair of the Committee on the Rights of the Child stated on 8 February, \"The rights of children living under the state of Israel’s effective control are being gravely violated at a level that has rarely been seen in recent history.",
"\"=== Politicians and officials ===Brian Mast, a United States House representative, stated that the babies killed in the Gaza Strip were not innocent civilians.",
"Qatar's prime minister Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani stated, \"I think that we should all unite behind stopping this war, saving those lives, saving those children\".",
"Brazilian president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva stated Israel was killing children under \"the pretext of fighting Hamas\".",
"German foreign minister Annalena Baerbock stated, \"There are also children who have lost their parents.",
"Imagine our own children living without any parents, any water, any food\"."
],
[
"See also",
"* Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict* Effect of World War I on children in the United States* Women in the Israel–Hamas war* Humanitarian aid during the Israel–Hamas war"
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Mike Rice (politician)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Mike Rice''' is an American politician from Vermont.",
"He has been a Democratic member of the Vermont House of Representatives for the Bennington-Rutland District since 2023.His district covers the towns of Danby, Dorset, Landgrove, Mt.",
"Tabor, and Peru."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Official website"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Samuel Saunders (journalist)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Samuel Saunders''' (1857–1943) was a New Zealand journalist and newspaper editor.",
"He was editor of the Lyttelton Times from 1891 to 1914.Saunders was born in 1857 to Rhoda Saunders (née Flower) and Alfred Saunders.",
"His uncle was William Saunders and his sister was Sarah Page.",
"He married Helen Johnston who was a granddaughter of William Cargill."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Staples Hill"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Hose No.",
"2, at 50 Main Street, built around 1889'''Staples Hill''' is a historical section of Main Street (State Route 115) in Yarmouth, Maine.",
"It is located, in what is known as Lower Falls (or ''Falls Village'' or ''The Falls''), at Main Street's split with Marina Road.",
"Main Street continues on, down a substantial hill, to First Falls, while Marina Road leads, in a similar fashion, toward Yarmouth Marina, where ships were built between the late 18th and late 19th centuries.",
"Today, both roads join State Route 88 around apart; historically, however, they provided access to the harbor from the town.",
"The section of Route 88 between the intersections was formerly known as Grantville.The hill is names for Bethiah Staples, who lived at nearby 63 Main Street.Built around 1889, the prominent former fire station Hose No.",
"2, at 50 Main Street, is the first building in the wedge of land formed by the split in the road.",
"Several more are located behind it, such as 46 Main Street, as the land slopes down to the First Falls and the harbor."
],
[
"Architecture",
"The following historic properties are each located on the hills of either Main Street or Marina Road.=== Main Street ===49 Main Street (left of center) and Hose No.",
"2, looking north from Marina Road in 202425 Main Street, near the intersection with Grist Mill Lane, dates to around the turn of the 20th century, while just up the hill, 31 Main Street dates to around 1846.Nicholas Grant built the main building of the since-expanded Greek Revival house at 37 Main Street, on the hill down to the harbor, around 1844.On the southern side of the street, number 46 dates to around 1880.Next door, number 38 dates to around 1840.As mentioned, Hose No.",
"2, at number 50, is from around 1889.Henry Rowe (1812–1870) was the architect of the pink Gothic Revival house at 49 Main Street, the Alfred Seabury House, which was built in 1845.Number 57, the Edward Russell House, was built around 1813.Next door, number 63, was built for the namesake of Staple's Hill, Bethiah Staples, around 36 years later, in 1849.It is not part of the hill, however, sitting just west of its crest.=== Marina Road ===Herman Seabury House, 9 Marina Road (built in 1890)Original owner Peter Allen tore down the Hannah Russell House at 3 Marina Road and built the current structure in 1881.Until 2018 it was home to the business Women to Women.Herman Seabury, a shipyard foreman, was the original owner of 9 Marina Road in 1890.It remained in his family for sixty years.Number 22 is believed to date from around 1800.Number 36 was built around 1840.The last building on Marina Road before the Lafayette Street intersection is number 59.Built in 1900 by Harry Dean as a tearoom, it later became a shoe-repair shop, an antique store and an office.",
"It is, as of 2023, a nutritionist business."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Oskar Edlund"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Oskar Edlund''' (born 16 November 2002) is a Swedish hurdler specializing in the 400 metres hurdles.",
"He was for a moment the gold medalist at the 2021 World U20 Championships, but he was later disqualified due to a protest."
],
[
"Career",
"Though Edlund began competing in athletics in 2015, he did not debut in the 400 metres hurdles until 2019.After winning the Swedish U20 championships in the shorter 300 m hurdles, Edlund qualified to represent Sweden at the 2019 European Youth Olympic Festival.",
"At the festival, Edlund won the gold medal in the 400 m hurdles and a silver in the Swedish medley relay.",
"Edlund finished his 2019 season by winning the Finnkampen U18 race in the 300 m hurdles.",
"His time of 37.09 was a new championship record, despite knocking over a hurdle and leaping over the finish line in a manner described as similar to that of Charles Paddock.Edlund won his first senior national title at the 2020 Swedish Athletics Championships in the 400 m hurdles.",
"In doing so, he ran 50.15 seconds to beat Carl Bengtström in a \"dramatic race\", setting the Swedish U20 record by five hundredths of a second.",
"He followed this up by winning the Finnkampen 4 × 400 m.In 2021, Edlund didn't open his season until 3 July due to injuries.",
"He competed at the European U20 Championships, and by virtue of his silver medal there he was able to represent Sweden at the 2021 World U20 Championships.",
"Edlund advanced past the heats and semi-finals as the number five seed.",
"In the finals, Edlund crossed the finish line first, initially appearing that he had surprisingly won the gold medal in a new Swedish U20 record of 49.20 seconds.",
"However, he was later disqualified due to pulling his trail leg outside his lane while clearing a hurdle due to a protest from the Jamaica Athletics Administrative Association.",
"Sweden appealed the disqualification, claiming that the action did not impede any other runners, but they did not succeed.In the fall of 2021, Edlund moved to the United States where he competed on the Texas Tech Red Raiders track and field team.",
"As a sophomore, he qualified for the 2023 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships, but did not advance beyond the semi-finals.",
"After a 7th-place finish at the 2023 BAUHAUS-galan, Edlund competed at his first European Athletics U23 Championships.",
"In the 400 m hurdles final, he led the race at the third hurdle, but slowed down at the end.",
"He attempted a new strategy of taking 13 steps to the 7th hurdle, which he had not ever done before.",
"Nonetheless, he won the bronze medal, setting a new official personal best of 49.57 seconds."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Edlund is from Stockholm, Sweden, where he attended Östra Real secondary school."
],
[
"Statistics",
"===Personal best progression===+ 400 m hurdles (84 cm) progression # Mark Competition Venue Date Ref 1 51.49 SAYO Sollentuna, Sweden 2 51.41 Athletics at the European Youth Summer Olympic Festival Baku, Azerbaijan + 400 m hurdles progression # Mark Competition Venue Date Ref 1 50.90 Täby Sommartävling Täby, Sweden 2 50.15 Swedish Athletics Championships Uppsala, Sweden 3 49.94 Big 12 Outdoor Track & Field Championships Norman, OK 4 49.57 European Athletics U23 Championships Espoo, Finland"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Ruth Braswell Jones"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Ruth Braswell Jones''' (1914–2001) was an American educator.",
"She is known for serving as president of the North Carolina Teachers Association and the North Carolina Association of Educators.",
"She went on the become the first African American woman to serve on the board of the National Education Association."
],
[
"Biography",
"Jones ''née'' Braswell was born on November 21, 1914, in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, one of 10 children.",
"She attended Brick Junior College in Enfield, North Carolina, Elizabeth City State University in Elizabeth City, North Carolina, and the North Carolina A&T State University in Greensboro, North Carolina.",
"Jones taught elementary school in North Carolina from 1933 through 1980.Jones was active in education associations.",
"During the Jim Crow segregation era she served as president of the North Carolina Teachers Association from 1968 to 1970.Following court-mandated school integration she served as president of the North Carolina Association of Educators.",
"Nationally, she served on the board of the National Education Association, the first African American woman on the board.",
"Jones died on July 6, 2001."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"1866 Surinamese general election"
],
[
"Introduction",
"General elections were held in Suriname for the first time in April 1866 following the creation of a partially elected Colonial States.",
"The Colonial States consisted of nine elected members and four appointed by the Governor-General."
],
[
"Electoral system",
"The elections were held using the two-round system, with suffrage restricted to men meeting certain criteria.",
"Voters had multiple votes, and any candidate receiving a number of votes equivalent to over 50% of the valid ballots cast was elected in the first round.",
"If not all seats were filled, a second round was held with twice the number of candidates as seats remaining, who were the candidates who received the most votes but failed to be elected in the first round.Elected members were to serve six-year terms, with one-third of members elected every two years.",
"Following the first elections in 1866 to elect all nine members, three members would be elected in 1868.Appointed members served for one year."
],
[
"Results",
"As there were 226 valid ballots cast, candidates required 114 votes to be elected in the first round.Four candidates were elected in the first round, with a run-off taking place between the next ten candidates."
],
[
"Aftermath",
"Governor-General appointed Samuel Bueno de Mesquita, , and as the nominated members.The newly elected Colonial States met for the first time on 8 May 1866.J.",
"Mauritsz Ganderheyden was appointed chairman.From the elected members, it was decided that Fergus Carstairs, B.E.",
"Colaço Belmonte and J.J. Hewitt would serve until 1868, Daniel Benjamins, G.J.A.",
"Bosch Reitz and N.T.A.",
"Arlaud would serve until 1870, while E.F.L.",
"Mollinger, J.V.",
"Bouguenon and S. Soesman Jr would serve until 1872.Mauritsz Ganderheyden resigned in 1867, after which S. Soesman Jr became chairman.",
"Mauritsz Ganderheyden was replaced as a nominated member by ."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2,4-Diaminobutyric acid"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''2,4-Diaminobutyric acid''', also known as '''DABA''', is GABA-T non-competitive inhibitor and a GABA reuptake inhibitor."
],
[
"Mechanism of action",
"DABA's main action is being an inhibitor of GABA transaminase, an enzyme that converts GABA back to glutamate.",
"When the enzyme is inhibited, this conversion cannot happen, therefore, GABA levels are elevated.It has also been observed that 2,4-diaminobutyric acid is a GABA reuptake inhibitor.",
"This action further elevates levels of GABA."
],
[
"Toxicity",
"In addition to being a neurotoxin, DABA can also cause liver damage.Its potential as an anticonvulsant is unclear, it has been shown to have anticonvulsant properties against picrotoxin, but over the long term, it could paradoxically cause convulsions."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Fuzan Nippō"
],
[
"Introduction",
" was a Japanese-language newspaper published in Busan, Korea from 1905 to 1945.It previously went by the names '''''Chōsen Nippō''''' (; ; different from the modern ''Chosun Ilbo'') and '''''Chōsen Jiji Shinpō''''' (; ).It was one of the most prominent Japanese newspapers in Korea during the Japanese colonial period, alongside the ''Keijō Nippō'' and ''Chōsen Shinbun''.",
"Upon the 1945 liberation of Korea, the newspaper's assets were seized by the United States and repurposed into the modern ''Busan Ilbo''.Digital copies are available, scanned and searchable, on the Korean Newspaper Archive.",
"Many original copies of the newspaper from 1914 to 1944 are now stored in the Busan Simin Municipal Library, although some show signs of fire damage."
],
[
"History",
"The newspaper was founded by Kuzuu Shusuke () in February 1905, in what is now , Busan.",
"It was first published under the name ''Chōsen Nippō''.",
"In November 1905, it changed its name to ''Chōsen Jiji Shinpō'', and then finally to ''Fuzan Nippō'' in October 1907.It was first published with four pages, and increased this to eight in 1917.It began publishing both in the morning and evenings on January 15, 1923, with four pages in each issue.",
"Notably, it adopted this twice-daily printing system before other private Korean newspapers of the time, and possibly influenced their later adoption of it.",
"In 1929, they increased this to six pages in the morning and four in the evening.",
"In November 1934, this increased to twelve pages total per day.By the time the newspaper received its final name, its president was Akutagawa Tadashi ().",
"The paper was then owned by the Akutagawa family, and run as a family business.",
"In 1915, it had 40,000 yen in capital.",
"On November 26, 1915, a fire broke out in a company building, which necessitated the rebuilding of its printing and office facilities.",
"It acquired a rotary printing press in July 1916.By February 1917, it was back to printing eight pages a day, and charged subscribers 50 sen per month.In 1919, the company was made into a public stock company.",
"It had capital of 250,000 yen, and in April 1920 completed a new office building at what is now .",
"Around this time, Akutagawa's elder son Tadashi became president, although he died early on January 6, 1928, from disease.",
"Afterwards, Kashii Kentaro () became president until his resignation in February 1932, and replacement by Tadashi's son Hiroshi.",
"On January 27, 1931, a fire destroyed their building.",
"They moved into a temporary building and continued publishing two-page issues at a time.",
"Meanwhile, they reorganized the company and hired a new editor in chief.=== Success ===The paper performed significantly well, and for years was considered to be second in Korea only to the government-backed ''Keijō Nippō''.",
"It earned the second-highest advertising revenues (after the ''Maeil Sinbo'') in Korea, and significantly outperformed its Korean-owned rivals: ''The'' ''Dong-a Ilbo'' and ''The Chosun Ilbo''.In its early years, the newspaper underperformed its longtime rival ''Chōsen Jihō'', which was also based in Busan and predated it by around a decade.",
"However, the ''Fuzan Nippō'' began to outperform its rival.",
"While it published more and more pages over time, the ''Chōsen Jihō'' reduced the number of pages it published from six to four in 1933.On May 27, 1941, after experiencing two fires and by an order of the Japanese colonial governor for there to only be one paper per province, the ''Chōsen Jihō'' was absorbed into the ''Fuzan Nippō''.",
"The ''Nansen Nippō'' was also merged into the paper in this year.",
"Afterwards, they reduced the number of pages to four in the evenings and two in the mornings.From 1941 until its end, it had a monopoly on publishing in Busan.",
"However, as a result of the industry consolidation in the 1940s, the ''Maeil Sinbo'' took significant market share in Korea.",
"Still, the paper was consistently in the top 20 newspapers in both Korea and Japan until its end.After the 1945 liberation of Korea, the newspaper was seized by the United States Army Military Government in Korea.",
"It was then converted into the modern ''Busan Ilbo''.",
"The newspaper's Korean employees created a separate paper, '''', which continued to operate until 1949."
],
[
"Content",
"The paper devoted much of its space to information about business and economics.",
"This was particularly salient, as Busan was a significant port and trading city.",
"Data about fishing, agriculture, shipping were published.",
"It published analyses on technology and the impact of policy on business.Like the ''Chōsen Jihō'', it split its editorial team into \"hard\" () and \"soft\" () reporters.",
"The former would work on important stories, while the latter would work on supplementary stories.Its editorials were nationalistic, and faithful to Japanese Governor-General of Chōsen lines.",
"According to a writer for the Korean Newspaper Archive (KNA), in some instances the paper faced backlash from Koreans who disagreed with the content of the editorials.",
"One of the paper's presidents, Akutagawa, was a devout Buddhist, and had around 300 articles about the religion published in the paper.",
"The writer for the KNA claimed that the articles about Buddhism sometimes targeted people who didn't align with their perception of Buddhist religious values.",
"The articles also advocated for the further assimilation of Koreans into the Empire of Japan.The paper also published Japanese literature.",
"The writer for the KNA claimed that while popular literature was also covered, the majority of stories were about heroism, for example the exploits of samurai.",
"Stories from ''rakugo'', ''kabuki'', and other mediums were adapted for publication."
],
[
"See also",
"* List of newspapers in Korea* History of newspapers in Korea*"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Slope Mountain (Chigmit Mountains)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Slope Mountain''' is a summit in the US state of Alaska."
],
[
"Description",
"Slope Mountain is located in the Chigmit Mountains of the Aleutian Range.",
"It is set along the west shore of Cook Inlet and within Lake Clark National Park and Preserve.",
"The mountain is situated southwest of Anchorage, southwest of Kenai, and east of Mount Iliamna volcano.",
"Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into Johnson River and Cook Inlet.",
"Although modest in elevation, topographic relief is significant as the summit rises up from tidewater in .",
"The mountain's local descriptive name was reported in 1910 by G. C. Martin, U.S. Geological Survey, and the toponym has been officially adopted by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names."
],
[
"Climate",
"Based on the Köppen climate classification, Slope Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone, with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool summers.",
"Winter temperatures can drop below 0 °F with wind chill factors below −10 °F.",
"The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for viewing or climbing the peak."
],
[
"See also",
"*Geography of Alaska"
],
[
"Gallery",
"File:Lake Clark National Park and Preserve - 32852214567.jpg|South aspectFile:Beautiful real estate.jpg|Southwest aspectFile:Slope Mountain.jpg|Southwest aspect"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Slope Mountain: weather forecast"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Hussein Labib"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Hussein Labib in 2022'''Hussein Labib''' (; born 1955) is a former Egyptian handball player, and current president of Zamalek SC."
],
[
"Career",
"Labib joined Zamalek Club in 1968 when he was 13 years old.",
"He achieved 21 championships with Zamalek Club, 7 championships in the Egyptian Professional Handball League, 9 Egyptian Cup championships, and 5 African championships.",
"He participated with the Egyptian national team in 7 tournaments in the African Men's Handball Championship, and 6 tournaments in the World Men's Handball Championship.Hussein Labib is the head of the former committee charged with managing Zamalek Club.",
"His victory in the elections for the presidency of Zamalek SC.Hussein Labib won the elections for the position of president of Zamalek Club on 20 October 2023."
],
[
"Personal life",
"He graduated from Orman Middle School.",
"He worked as a bank accountant, an administrator in the Egyptian national handball team, a member of the Egyptian National Sports Council, treasurer of the Egyptian Handball Federation, a member of the Marketing Committee of the African Handball Confederation, director of the 2021 World Men's Handball Championship in Egypt, and head of the Zamalek Club's handball apparatus.",
"He ran for president of the Egyptian Handball Federation in 2012."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Xaivian Lee"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Xaivian Lee''' is a Canadian-American college basketball player for the Princeton Tigers of the Ivy League."
],
[
"College career",
"Lee attended Perkiomen School in Pennsburg, Pennsylvania.",
"As a freshman during the 2022–23 season, Lee made an immediate impact as a rotation player off the bench.",
"In his freshman season, he appeared in 32 games averaging 4.8 points, 1.8 rebounds and 0.9 assists, helping Princeton reach the Sweet Sixteen.",
"He began the following season averaging 19.5 points per game, leading Princeton to a 9–1 record through their first ten games, the school's best start in a century.",
"In the conference opener against Harvard, he scored a career-high 33 points, in addition to eight rebounds, seven assists, and two steals, being named conference player of the week for his performance."
],
[
"National team career",
"Lee participated in the 2023 FIBA U-19 World Cup in Debrecen, Hungary, representing the Canada men's national under-19 basketball team.",
"He averaged a team-high 14.1 points to go along with 3.3 rebounds and 3.1 assists per game, helping lead Canada to a seventh-place finish."
],
[
"Career statistics",
"===College=== 2022–23 Princeton 32 0 13.4 .376 .232 .804 1.8 .9 .5 .1 4.8 2023–24 Princeton 17 17 29.5 .468 .356 .871 4.9 3.4 .9 .7 17.7"
],
[
"Personal life",
"Lee was born in Toronto, and he is a dual citizen of the U.S. and Canada.",
"He is of South Korean descent."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Princeton Tigers bio"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Bunnyhenge"
],
[
"Introduction",
"One of the larger rabbits'''Bunnyhenge''' is a public sculpture in Newport Beach, California depicting fourteen large white rabbits (of the desert cottontail species) sitting on their haunches in a circle.",
"Two larger, rabbits outside the circle are also a part of the sculpture.",
"Made of concrete and placed in the city's civic center, the sculpture garnered controversy when first built due to its improper allocation of city finances, costing $221,000.They were initially made for children to play with."
],
[
"History",
"Newport Beach's City Council moved to a more luxurious building in 2013, as it had outgrown its previous headquarters near the harbor.",
"The rabbits were custom-manufactured and were wrapped in their packing material for a few months at their current location before being unveiled.",
"The designer of the sculpture, PWP Landscape Architecture, had thought about using quails, lizards, sea turtles, or willow trees for the centerpiece before, but landed on the desert cottontail in the end."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* The sculpture on Atlas Obscura* The sculpture on Roadside America"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Mohd Adhan Kechik"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Dato' '''Mohd Adhan bin Kechik''' is a Malaysian politician who served as Member of the Kelantan State Legislative Assembly for Bukit Bunga from 2004 to August 2023.He is a member of United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component of party Barisan Nasional (BN)."
],
[
"Election results",
"+ '''Kelantan State Legislative Assembly'''YearConstituencyCandidateVotesPctOpponent(s)VotesPctBallots castMajorityTurnout2004'''N36 Bukit Bunga''' ('''UMNO''')'''6,397''''''64.43%'''Sufely Abd Razak (PAS)3,53135.57%10,0862,86679.63%2008'''Mohd Adhan Kechik''' ('''UMNO''')'''5,731''''''51.57%'''Sufely Abd Razak (PAS)5,38348.43%11,40634881.85%2013'''Mohd Adhan Kechik''' ('''UMNO''')'''7,692''''''55.53%'''Sufely Abd Razak (PAS)6,15944.47%14,0531,53384.60%2018'''Mohd Adhan Kechik''' ('''UMNO''')'''7,068''''''51.54%'''Ramzi Mohd Yusoff (PAS)5,98743.66%14,0441,08180.94%Asran Alias (PPBM)6594.81%2023Mohd Adhan Kechik (UMNO)4,38833.94% ('''BERSATU''')'''8,540''''''66.06%'''13,0784,15260.21%"
],
[
"Honours",
"* :** 50px Knight Commander of the Order of the Life of the Crown of Kelantan (DJMK) – '''Dato'''' (2013)"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Archdiocese of Hierapolis in Syria"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Map of the Roman Diocese of the East showing Euphratensis and it seat, Hierapolis, in the 4th centuryThe '''(arch)diocese of Hierapolis in Syria''' was the metropolitan bishopric of the ecclesiastical province of the Euphratensis.",
"It was based in the city of Hierapolis in Syria (Arabic ''Manbij'', Syriac ''Mabbug'').",
"It was traditionally the fifth see in dignity under the Patriarch of Antioch.",
"Under the Patriarch Athanasius I in the sixth century, it had nine suffragan bishoprics.During the Crusades, a Latin archbishop of Hierapolis was established at Dülük.",
"He usually resided in Tell Bashir, as did the Syriac Orthodox bishops in the Crusader period.",
"The diocese was set up between 1131 and 1134 by Count Joscelin II of Edessa.",
"It was subject to the Latin Patriarch of Antioch.",
"It had two suffragan sees, Marash and Kesoun.",
"It was effectively lost by 1151."
],
[
"Bishops",
"===Greek Orthodox bishops===*Philotimus, attended the Council of Nicaea (325)*Theodotus, attended the Council of Constantinople (381)*Alexander, attended the Council of Ephesus (431), deposed for heresy*Panolbius, succeeded Alexander*John, succeeded Panolbius*Stephen I, succeeded John in 446, still in office in 456*Cyrus, deposed 485*Philoxenus, ordained in 485 by Peter the Fuller, died in 523*Theodore, attended the Council of Constantinople (553)*Stephen II, a contemporary of Evagrius Scholasticus (died 594) who wrote a biography of Saint Golinduch (died 591)*Agapius (died after 942)===Syriac Orthodox bishops===*Thomas of Harqel ()The following Syriac Orthodox bishops are mentioned in the work of the 12th-century patriarch Michael the Great.",
"*Sergius*Abram*Simon*John I*Michael*Theodore*James*Timothy*Philoxenus I Mathusalah*Philoxenus II*Ignatius*John II*Philoxenus IIIIn 1148, John Bar Andras, bishop of Mabbug, exchanged dioceses with Timothy, bishop of Kesoun, contrary to canon law and was forced to resign.===Latin archbishops===*Franco, attached his seal to a document of 1134Titular bishops:*Julien-François-Pierre Carmené (24 March 1898 – 23 August 1908)*Louis-François Sueur (1 December 1908 – 7 October 1914)*Angelo Maria Dolci (13 November 1914 – 16 March 1933)*Tommaso Trussoni (9 April 1934 – 21 December 1940)* (14 August 1942 – 20 November 1950)* (12 June 1951 – 17 October 1951)* (3 March 1952 – 3 February 1954)*Ermenegildo Florit (12 July 1954 – 9 March 1962)*Antonio del Giudice (18 April 1962 – 20 August 1982)"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Surrendered School of Dance"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Surrendered School of Dance''', formerly called Surrendered School of the Arts was established in 2009 as the official dance school of Paradosi Ballet Company in Tacoma, Washington, US.The school's primary teaching focus is ballet supplemented with contemporary dance and modern dance.",
"Dance classes are offered for students from the age of three through adult.The school teaches at two campuses based in Tacoma and Orting in Washington.",
"The school also teaches in after school programs at private schools in Gig Harbor and Tacoma."
],
[
"History",
"Surrendered School of Dance operates as an integral part of Paradosi Ballet Company, a Washington State-based non-profit organization.",
"Paradosi Ballet Company is the first professional Christian dance company in the Pacific Northwest that was founded in 2007 with the goal of sharing the love of God through dance, drama and personal witness.Early in the history of the organization, the directors saw a need for high quality classical ballet instruction delivered in a nurturing, family friendly, age appropriate manner in the community.",
"In 2009 Surrendered School of Dance was formed to meet these objectives.",
"The schools first dance studio was located in Edgewood before moving to its current location inside Paradosi Ballet Company's studio in Tacoma."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Surrendered School of Dance website"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2024 United States state treasurer elections"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 United States state treasurer elections''' are scheduled to be held on November 5, 2024, to elect the state treasurer and equivalents in nine states, plus a special election in Arkansas.",
"The previous elections for this group of states took place in 2020.The treasurer of Vermont serves two-year terms and was last elected in 2022.These elections takes place concurrently with several other federal, state, and local elections."
],
[
"Partisan composition",
"Going into these elections, this class of secretaries of state is made up of 7 Republicans and 3 Democrats.",
"Republicans are defending one state won by Joe Biden in 2020 (Pennsylvania), while Democrats do not hold any states won by Donald Trump."
],
[
"Race summary",
"===States=== State State Treasurer Party Firstelected Status Candidates Arkansas Republican 2023 (appointed) Interim appointee retiring Missouri Republican 2023 (appointed) Incumbent running North Carolina Republican 2016 Incumbent retiring torun for governor North Dakota Republican 2020 Incumbent running Oregon Democratic 2016 Incumbent retiring torun for secretary of state Pennsylvania Republican 2020 Incumbent running Utah Republican 2022 Incumbent running Vermont Democratic 2022 Incumbent's intent unknown Washington Democratic 2020 Incumbent's intent unknown West Virginia Republican 2020 Incumbent retiring torun for U.S. House"
],
[
"Arkansas (special)",
"Incumbent Republican Treasurer Larry Walther was appointed by Governor Sarah Huckabee Sanders after the death of Mark Lowery.",
"Walther decided not to seek a full term.Republican Secretary of State John Thurston was the only Republican who filed, and Democrat John Pagan the only Democrat."
],
[
"Missouri",
"Incumbent Republican Treasurer Vivek Malek was appointed by Governor Mike Parson after Scott Fitzpatrick resigned after successfully running for state auditor.",
"Malek is running for a full term.",
"Challenging him in the Republican primary are state senator Andrew Koenig and state representative Cody Smith.Financial advisor Lucas Johnson is the lone Democratic candidate as of February 2024."
],
[
"North Carolina",
"Incumbent Republican Dale Folwell was eligible to serve a third term, but has instead decided to run for governor.Republican candidates include Michael Bloomberg's investment manager Brad Briner, former North Carolina Education Lottery commissioner A.J.",
"Daoud and Rachel Johnson.Democratic candidates include Small Business Administration employee Gabe Esparza and state representative Wesley Harris."
],
[
"North Dakota",
"Incumbent Republican Thomas Beadle is running for re-election to a second term."
],
[
"Oregon",
"Incumbent Democrat Tobias Reed was eligible to serve a third term, but has instead decided to run for secretary of state.Democratic candidates include nonprofit executive Brett Baker, Republican nominee for this position in 2016 and 2020 Jeff Gudnam, and state senator Elizabeth Steiner."
],
[
"Pennsylvania",
"Incumbent Republican Stacy Garrity is running for a second term.",
"Challenging her are Democrats state representative Ryan Bizzarro, and pschologist and 2014 and 2016 12th congressional district Democratic nominee Erin McClelland."
],
[
"Utah",
"Incumbent Republican Marlo Oaks is running for a full term.",
"Challenging him are Democratic candidate former state representative Neil Hansen and Forward Party candidate Miles Pomeroy."
],
[
"Vermont",
"Incumbent Democrat Mike Pieciak is eligible to run for a second term, but has not stated whether he will do so."
],
[
"Washington",
"Incumbent Democrat Mike Pellicciotti is eligible to run fora second term, but has not stated whether he will do so."
],
[
"West Virginia",
"Incumbent Republican Riley Moore is eligible to run for a second term, but has instead decided to run for U.S. House.Republican acting West Virginia Secretary of Revenue Larry Pack is the only candidate to file for the position."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"George Chaplin (boxer)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''George Chaplin''' (born 1951) is a retired American heavyweight boxer from Baltimore, Maryland."
],
[
"Early life",
"Chaplin is a 1968 graduate of Dunbar High School and earned a degree in physical education from Morgan State University.",
"He served four years in the Air Force before focusing on boxing while working as a repairman of air conditioners and refrigerators in Thailand.",
"He was a regular at Mack Lewis' Broadway gym on Eager Street in Baltimore.",
"During his boxing career, Chaplin worked part time at Lutheran Hospital as an orthopedic technician.",
"Dr. Sussman, chief of orthopedics and member of trainer Mack Lewis' gym, offered the job at the hospital and teamed up with Vince Cala to promote fights to assist with advancing Chaplin's career."
],
[
"Amateur Career",
"Chaplin was one of ten Maryland boxers to compete in an international match against Canadian boxers in a 1975 tune up to the Olympics.",
"He defeated George Powell to lift the Americans to a victory of 7-3.Proceeds from the fight went to the U.S. Olympic Fund.",
"Later that year, in November, Chaplin and nine other U.S. boxers defeated a Russian team 6-4 at Madison Square Garden.",
"He defeated Leningrad's Serge Plisov by decision despite being knocked down for the first time.The South Atlantic Association honored Chaplin with the outstanding boxer award February 8, 1976 after two victories in international competition against the Russians.",
"In March, Chaplin headlined a 14-bout amateur boxing card for Olympic hopefuls."
],
[
"Professional Career",
"Known as an undersized clever, cagey, elusive, slipper and slider, defensive-minded counterpuncher, Chaplin debuted as a professional on July 29, 1976.The fight took place at the Civic Center in his hometown.",
"He knocked out Johnny Blaine in the second round with a right hook to the jaw.",
"Six consecutive victories followed.Chapel faced Joe Frazier's protege, Mike Koranicki, on September 17, 1977 for a split decision loss followed by a rematch on May 25, 1979 for a win by unanimous decision.",
"Duane Bobick's career ended in the sixth round of a July 3, 1979 fight on the Steel Pier in Atlantic City, NJ, when Chaplin opened two deep cuts over Bodick's right eye forcing Dr. Stanely Rogers to stop the match.",
"His next two fights were wins by unanimous decision against Larry Alexander and Wendell Bailey for the USA Maryland State Heavyweight Title.Sports Illustrated ranked Chaplin sixth in its 1980 unofficial ranking of promising heavyweights when he was 29.His ambition was to be known as \"the master boxer\" of all time.Chaplin lost a 10-round decision to Gerrie Coetzee at the first boxing card held at the Aloha Stadium in the \"Duel in the Sun\" billed fight in 1981.It was televised as a CBS Sports Spectacular and had 2,400 fans in attendance.Greg Page defeated Chaplin twice.",
"First in 1980 by majority decision.",
"It was the first time an opponent had gone the distance with Page.",
"The second time was a split decision loss, in 1981, for the USBA Heavyweight Title broadcast on ABC's Wide World of Sports.",
"Although most fans felt Chaplin was winning the fight, the judges scored it much closer receiving a round of boos when the decision was announced.",
"Chaplin followed this fight taking on Michael Dokes, ranked second by the WBC, for a unanimous loss with scorecards 49-44, 47-43 and 48-43 for Dokes.",
"In a March 1, 1983 bout, Chaplin scored a seventh-round disqualification win over Earnie Shavers, due to low blows.",
"The following year, Chaplin fought Tom Ruffhouse Fischer for Baltimore trainer Mack Lewis's Mark Mitchell Boxing Benefit, which raised $5000 towards Mitchell's liver transplant.Chaplin recognized towards the end of his career that many viewed him as a tune up fighter, a non-threatening, non-puncher with a soft touch.",
"Many opponents took for granted his soft-spoken natural timidity.",
"His style lacked an intimidation factor or an instinctual pursuit of finishing blows.",
"At the age of 32, for a $75,000 guarantee, Chaplin challenged Gerry Cooney in a 10-round fight at the Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum, televised live on cable syndication across thirty states.",
"At 215 pounds, Chaplin gave up a seventeen pound and nine-inch reach advantage to his 6-foot-7 opponent.",
"In the second round, Cooney landed a solid left to the midsection, then a left to the chin followed by a flurry of uncontested punches for a technical knockout with 10 seconds left in the round.",
"Wilford Scypion and Murray Sutherland fought on the undercard for the super middleweight title.His final fight, for a $5000 purse, was a knockout loss to Jesse Ferguson on August 1, 1987 at the Las Vegas Hilton Center."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Boxing record of George Chaplin from BoxRec (registration required)* Boxing record of George Chaplin from BoxerList"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Super String: Marco Polo's Travel to the Multiverse"
],
[
"Introduction",
" is a Japanese manga series written by Youn In-wan and illustrated by Boichi.",
"The series is tied into Korean company 's ''SuperString'' IP, which features characters from various YLAB works in one universe.",
"It has been serialized in Shogakukan's manga magazine ''Weekly Shōnen Sunday'' since April 2023.It has also been simultaneously published as a webtoon on Line Manga since July of the same year."
],
[
"Publication",
"Written by Youn In-wan and illustrated by Boichi, ''Super String: Marco Polo's Travel to the Multiverse'' started in Shogakukan's manga magazine ''Weekly Shōnen Sunday'' on April 19, 2023.The series is tied into Korean company 's ''SuperString'' IP, which features characters from various YLAB works in one universe.",
"It has also been simultaneously published as a webtoon on Line Manga since July 25 of the same year.",
"Shogakukan has collected its chapters into individual volumes.",
"The first volume was released on August 18, 2023.As of January 18, 2024, three volumes have been released.Webtoon started publishing it digitally in English on August 17, 2023.===Volumes==="
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* * *"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"LaBounty"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''LaBounty''' is a surname."
],
[
"List of people with the surname",
"* Bill LaBounty, American musician* Dennis LaBounty, American politician from Vermont* Kelly Blair LaBounty (born 1970), American track and field athlete* Matt LaBounty (born 1969), American football player"
],
[
"See also",
"* L.A. Bounty, 1989 film"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
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