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[
[
"Virginia Staats-Gazette"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''''Virginia Staats-Gazette''''' was a daily German language newspaper in Richmond, Virginia that was published from 1870 to 1904.The paper was the largest German language publication in the state of Virginia and its daily circulation peaked at 1,000 in 1872.The ''Staats-Gazette'' also published a Sunday edition from 1876."
],
[
"See also",
"*List of German-language newspapers published in the United States"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Shutdown of the Min-kuo Jih-pao"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''shutdown of the ''Min-Kuo Jih-pao''''', the official newspaper of Kuomintang (KMT) in Shanghai, took place in January 1932, after its coverage of the Sakuradamon Incident and the irritated the Japanese marines stationed in Shanghai, as well as the Japanese government.",
"The Japanese marines accused the newspaper of making false and disrespectful reporting and demanded an apology from the newspaper, issuing a final ultimatum.",
"While the newspaper submitted to this ultimatum, with pressure from the Japanese marines, the Shanghai International Settlement's Municipal Council forced the newspaper to be closed on January 26, 1928."
],
[
"Background",
"The , also known as the ''Republican Daily News,'' launched in 1916 within the French Concession and later moved to the International Settlement in Shanghai.",
"The newspaper was known for its timely reporting and sharp commentary.",
"After 1924, it became the party newspaper of KMT.",
"Following the Northern Expedition in 1927, which overthrew the Beiyang government, the KMT's Shanghai Branch declared the paper an official publication.",
"At that time, the KMT Central Committee's official newspaper was ''Central Daily News''.",
"After the Mukden Incident of 1931, the Japanese soldiers began picking querrels in Shanghai, attempting to shift international attention from Manchuria."
],
[
"Early conflicts",
"On January 8, 1932, the Japanese Emperor Shōwa was targeted by a grenade attack by Korean independence activist Lee Bong-chang during a military inspection in Yoyogi, Tokyo, an event reported by the Min-kuo Jih-pao.",
"The paper's headline about the unsuccessful assassination attempt by a Korean youth, with the subheading \"Unfortunately, only the secondary car was damaged\", was seen by the Japanese as an insult to the Emperor, leading to significant discontent.The Japanese consulate in Shanghai lodged multiple complaints with the Chinese side, demanding severe punishment and an apology.",
"The Japanese claimed the report was a grave disrespect to the Emperor and demanded the Chinese government to investigate the Min-kuo Jih-pao.",
"On January 12, the Japanese Consul General in Shanghai issued a strong protest, demanding the newspaper to correct its report and apologise, and to punish those responsible.",
"To prevent further escalation, Shanghai Mayor Wu Tiecheng ordered the Min-kuo Jih-pao to retract the report."
],
[
"Escalation",
"=== Ultimatum ===On 20 January, Japanese right-wing activists set fire to the main factory of the San You Industrial Society in Shanghai's Yinxiang Port, an event reported by the Min-kuo Jih-pao under the headline 'Japanese ronin burn down San You factory under the cover of the Marine Corps'.",
"The Japanese Navy Marine Corps claimed that they had been sent to the scene only after receiving reports, accusing the Min-kuo Jih-pao of publishing false information.",
"On the morning of 22 January, a Japanese naval officer in military uniform, accompanied by a translator, visited the Min-kuo Jih-pao office to meet with the editor-in-chief.",
"They protested against an article published by the Min-kuo Jih-pao about an attempted assassination of the Japanese emperor, and demanded that the newspaper apologise to the Marine Corps headquarters in Shanghai with a personal letter of apology.",
"The Japanese Navy Marine Corps issued an ultimatum with a deadline of the morning of the following day.Headquarters of the Shanghai Special Naval Landing ForceOn January 23, Min-kuo Jih-pao responded that the news was published based on reports from all sides and, upon declaration that it did not align with facts, would immediately be corrected.",
"However, they stated they could not apologise in person.",
"That day, a \"correction notice\" was published: The event of the San You factory at Xiang Port being set on fire by Japanese ronin on January 20 was reported with the involvement of the Marine Corps, based on reports from all sides.",
"Following a statement from the headquarters of the Japanese Navy Marine Corps, the aforementioned report was found to be inconsistent with the facts, and is hereby corrected with an expression of regret.",
"On January 24, the Japanese Navy Marine Corps issued a final ultimatum, stating that if their demands were not met, necessary measures would be taken.=== Intervention of International Settlement ===Facing pressure from the Nationalist Government, the Min-kuo Jih-pao ultimately decided to accede to the Japanese demands, sending the newspaper's responsible person to make both verbal and written apologies to the Japanese Navy Marine Corps on January 25.However, the Japanese side claimed to reject the apologies and demanded the closure of the Min-kuo Jih-pao, threatening the Shanghai Municipal Council (SMC) that if the council did not take action against the newspaper, the Marine Corps would shut down the SMC itself.",
"Following negotiations by a Japanese director of the SMC, and the council's chairman, Stirling Fessenden, a board meeting was convened on the morning of January 25 with only foreign directors present and no Chinese directors.",
"The meeting unanimously decided to close the Min-kuo Jih-pao on the grounds that it was disrupting the peace of the concession.",
"After the meeting, Chinese directors protested to Fessenden, who pointed out that British and American forces in Shanghai was insufficient to stop Japan and that to prevent further deterioration of the situation, such measures had to be taken.On January 26 at 2 PM, the Shanghai Municipal Council announced that \"due to the tense situation in the city, the Shanghai Municipal Council advises your newspaper to cease publication,\" and immediately, armed police sealed the newspaper office.",
"At 3 PM, several Western and Indian police locked the front and back doors of the newspaper office.",
"On January 27, in accordance with Japan's demands, the Chinese government suspended the publication of the Min-kuo Jih-pao and the Foreign Minister Chen Youren, along with Sun Ke, resigned."
],
[
"Aftermath",
"On January 27, Japan sent 12 destroyers with 468 marines and 6 fighter planes from Sasebo to Shanghai.",
"On January 28, the Japanese Ministry of the Navy ordered two aircraft carriers, three cruisers, and four mine warfare ships to Shanghai.",
"Late that night, Japanese forces entered Zhabei and launched an attack on Chinese troops.",
"On January 29, the Japanese government issued a statement claiming that the incident had been triggered by China's anti-Japanese movements, citing the disrespectful content published by the Minguo Daily toward the Japanese imperial family as one of the reasons for initiating hostilities.",
"The battle of Shanghai ended on March 19.On May 4, the newspaper was re-launched as Min Bao, with Ye Chulian as its patron and financial support from the Central Publicity Department of KMT.",
"It ceased publication on November 25, 1937, due to the Japanese occupation of Shanghai."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 Abruzzo regional election"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 Abruzzo regional election''' is set to take place on 10 March 2024.The election is for all 29 elected seats of the Regional Council of Abruzzo as well as the President of the region who, along with the second placed presidential candidate, would also become members of the Regional Council."
],
[
"Electoral law",
"The candidate who obtains the majority of valid votes at the regional level becomes president.",
"Every candidate must be linked to a party list or a coalition running for the regional council.",
"A majority of 60% to 65% of the seats is then allocated to the party (or coalition) of the elected president.The election of the Council occurs on a regional basis within the four districts of Abruzzo, coinciding with the four provinces of the Region.",
"The district of Chieti elects eight councilors, while Pescara, L'Aquila and Teramo each elect seven councillors.",
"The President of the Council and the presidential candidate, who received the second largest number of votes, also become members of the regional council.The electoral system is proportional to the share of the votes each party revives, with an electoral threshold of 4% of the vote for parties that are not members of coalitions and 2% for those included in a coalition."
],
[
"Parties and candidate",
"Political party or allianceConstituent listsPrevious resultCandidateVotes (%)Seats Centre-right coalition League (Lega)27.510 Forza Italia (FI)9.03 Brothers of Italy (FdI)6.52 Union of the Centre–Christian Democracy with Rotondi2.91 Marsilio for President Us Moderates Centre-left coalition Five Star Movement (M5S)19.77 Democratic Party (PD)11.13 Abruzzo in Common–Abruzzo Vivo–PSI (incl.",
"+E)3.91 Greens and Left Alliance–Solidary Democracy2.80 Abruzzo Together2.70 Azione–Socialists Populars Reformists"
],
[
"Opinion polls",
"===Approval ratings===+Marco MarsilioDatePolling firmApproveDisapproveUndecided Lab2101 8–13 Dec 2023 51.448.6 Piepoli Oct 2023 1882 Lab2101 Aug 2023 51.248.8 Noto Jul 2023 4555 SWG May 2023 3565 Lab2101 10–23 Aug 2022 51.348.7 Noto Jul 2022 4654 SWG May 2022 3664 Noto Jul 2021 4555"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Notes"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"H with left hook"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''H with left hook''' (12x12px, 11x11px) is an additional letter of the Latin script which was used in the writing of the Abaza and the Kabardian languages in the 1920s and was proposed for the writing of the Sotho-Tswana language in 1929."
],
[
"Usage",
"A._N._Tucker_proposed_Sotho-Tswana_alphabet_-_1929.png|link=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._N._Tucker_proposed_Sotho-Tswana_alphabet_-_1929.png|Sotho-Tswana alphabet proposed by Tucker in 1929.A.",
"N. Tucker used h with left hook in his proposal for an aphlabet for the Sotho-Tswana language in 1929, with a capital form based on the form of the capital letter H. used h with left hook to represent a prevelar fricative notably in the description of the Pulana and Kutswe dialects of the Northern Sotho language.File:Abaza latin alphabet.jpg|link=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaza_latin_alphabet.jpg|Abaza alphabet from the 1930s.File:Кабардинские алфавиты.PNG|Kabardian alphabets throughout history, showing h with left hook.H with left hook was used in the writing of certain languages of the Soviet Union in the 1930s.Latin_capital_H_with_left_hook.svg|link=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_capital_H_with_left_hook.svg|Capital form proposed by A. N. Tucker for the Sotho-Tswana language in 1929.Latin_capital_letter_enlarged_small_H_with_left_hook.svg|link=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_capital_letter_enlarged_small_H_with_left_hook.svg|Capital form used in the Abaza and Kabardian languages."
],
[
"Computing codes",
"H with left hook has not yet been encoded in Unicode."
],
[
"Notes and references"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* * *"
],
[
"See also",
"* Latinisation in the Soviet Union"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"James T. Ruggieri"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''James Thomas Ruggieri''' (born January 12, 1968) is an American priest of the Catholic Church who was appointed as bishop for the Diocese of Portland in 2024."
],
[
"Biography",
"On June 24, 1995, Ruggieri was ordained to the priesthood.",
"Pope Francis appointed Ruggieri bishop for the Diocese of Portland on February 13, 2024.On May 7, 2024, Ruggieri is scheduled to be consecrated as a bishop."
],
[
"See also",
"* Catholic Church hierarchy* Catholic Church in the United States* Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States* List of Catholic bishops of the United States* Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence Official Site* James Thomas Ruggieri profile at Catholic-Hierarchy.org<!----- To be hidden until consecration as Bishop"
],
[
"Episcopal succession",
"----->"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Sarfira"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Sarfira''''' is an upcoming Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by Sudha Kongara, and produced by Abundantia Entertainment, 2D Entertainment and Cape Of Good Films.",
"The film stars Akshay Kumar, alongside Paresh Rawal, Radhika Madan and Seema Biswas.",
"It is a remake of Sudha's directorial ''Soorarai Pottru'' (2020), which itself is an adaptation of G. R. Gopinath's memoir ''Simply Fly: A Deccan Odyssey.''",
"The film follows a man who sets out to make the common men fly, while several enemies try to get in the way.The film was officially announced in July 2021 under the tentative title ''Project 1'', as it was the maiden venture of 2D Entertainment in Hindi, and the official title was announced in February 2024.Principal photography commenced in April 2022.It is currently being predominantly shot in Mumbai in several legs.",
"The film has music composed by G. V. Prakash Kumar.",
"''Sarfira'' is scheduled to release on 12 July 2024 in theatres."
],
[
"Cast",
"* Akshay Kumar* Paresh Rawal* Radhika Madan* Seema Biswas* Suriya in a cameo appearance"
],
[
"Production",
"=== Development ===On 12 July 2021, Jyothika and Suriya, headers of 2D Entertainment, stated that their production venture ''Soorarai Pottru'' (2020), was to be remade in Hindi.",
"Furthermore, they stated that the director of the original film, Sudha Kongara, would direct the remake and they would collaborate with Vikram Malhotra, header of Abundantia Entertainment, to fund it.",
"Reportedly, one of the actors Ajay Devgn, John Abraham, Akshay Kumar and Hrithik Roshan were considered to play the role that Suriya played in the original.",
"The actor was reported to be finalised going by their availability.",
"In August, the co-producer of the original film, Sikhya Entertainment, had approached Madras High Court; as initially the production house was to be co-producing the remake along with 2D Entertainment, however, the latter house sold the rights to Abundantia Entertainment, without the former houses' consent.",
"By early September, the case was closed, with Sikhya Entertainment not involved in the production side.",
"Akshay Kumar was announced on 25 April 2022 to play the role of Suriya.",
"A muhurat puja was held the same day in Mumbai with the presence of the film's cast and crew.",
"Radhika Madan was cast, pairing opposite Kumar.",
"The official title ''Sarfira'' was announced on 13 February 2024, along with the release date of 12 July 2024.=== Filming ===Principal photography began with the first schedule on 25 April 2022 in Mumbai.",
"Madan completed filming her portions by 23 October."
],
[
"Music",
"The music and background score is composed by G. V. Prakash Kumar, in his second collaboration with Sudha after ''Soorarai Pottru''; and maiden with Akshay.",
"Prakash tweeted on 29 April 2022 that he had completed the first song of the soundtrack."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Jim Grantham"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''James Grantham''' (born ) was an American college football coach.",
"He was the head football coach for Troy State Teachers College—now knows as Troy University—from 1951 to 1954.He was the head football coach for Aliceville High School in 1947, Rutherford High School from 1955 to 1957, Hasbrouck Heights High School from 1958 to 1959, and Hicksville High School.",
"He also coached for Peekskill Military Academy.",
"He played college football for Alabama as a split end and defensive end."
],
[
"Head coaching record",
"===College football==="
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Huaman (Three Kingdoms)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Huaman''' (花鬘) is a fictional character who originated in ''\"Dragon and Phoenix Headgear\"'' (龍鳳巾; also known as \"The Strange Love Beyond the Border\"), a theatrical opera of Shu Han's fictional conquest of Nanman during the Three Kingdoms period (220–280).",
"She is portrayed as the daughter of Meng Huo, the king of the Southern Barbarians, and Lady Zhurong.",
"She is one of the wives of Guan Suo.She is not mentioned in historical records such as ''Records of the Three Kingdoms'' or the novel ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms''; she exists solely as a fictional character in the opera.",
"Unlike typical noble ladies, her character resembles her mother Zhurong and is depicted as a female warrior skilled in combat with weapons.",
"In Guan Yinping's folklore, she's known as \"Hua Zhongxiu\" (花中秀) and joins Guan Suo's sister's female army, alongside his other wives."
],
[
"Fictional biography",
"In the opera, She was first introduced in a stage play in the setting of Zhuge Liang's Southern Campaign against the Nanman.",
"When Zhuge Liang marches to subdue King Meng Huo of the Southern Barbarians, Huaman joins in the resistance against the invaders.",
"She once fought against Guan Suo but failed and fell off her horse.",
"Unable to kill her, Guan Suo let her return to her camp.",
"Later, after Guan Suo was defeated and captured, they developed feelings for each other, but due to their opposing identities, they could only privately engage in an engagement.",
"Hua Man was later captured by the Shu camp, leading to an exchange of captives between the two camps.",
"In turn, Huaman developed feelings for her captor and showed him kindness when he was captured by the Nanman.",
"Despite their opposing allegiances and numerous clashes, their love blossomed, eventually leading to Meng Huo's surrender in the climax of the play.",
"Zhuge Liang sanctioned their marriage, solidifying the alliance between Shu and the Nanman."
],
[
"Historical references",
"Huaman is not mentioned in the historical records or the novel ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms'', only appearing in the Beijing opera \"Dragon and Phoenix Headgear.\"",
"In the folk legends of Guan Yinping, her name is Hua Zhongxiu, described as Guan Suo's concubine, along with Bao Sanniang, Wang Tao, and Wang Yue, who are all included in Guan Yinping's female army.",
"In the storytelling opera \"The Story of Hua Guansuo\" published during the Ming Dynasty, Guan Suo marries Bao Sanniang, Wang Tao, and Wang Yue, with no mention of Hua Man throughout the entire narrative."
],
[
"Sources and references",
"* \"The Story of Hua Guansuo: A Newly Compiled Full Version of the Story of Hua Guansuo's Demotion to Yunnan.\""
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Liesl Zühlke"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Liesl Zühlke''' (born 10 April 1968) is a South African cardiologist who specialises in paediatric and rheumatic heart disease.",
"She works at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital as a paediatric cardiologist, and is the only one in her country to serve as a full professor in paediatric cardiology."
],
[
"Biography",
"She was born on 10 April 1968 in Cape Town.",
"She was educated at the University of Cape Town (UCT) Medical School, where she received her Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery in 1991, her Master of Public Health in 2011, and her PhD in 2015; her PhD dissertation, supervised by Bongani Mayosi and Mark Engel, was titled ''The outcomes of asymptomatic and symptomatic rheumatic heart disease''.",
"She received her Master of Science in Health Economics, Outcomes and Management in Cardiovascular Sciences at the London School of Economics in 2018, having received a grant from the European Society of Cardiology to do so.After working as a senior registrar at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (2000–2002; 2006–2007) and abroad at University Hospital of Düsseldorf (2004–2006), she was promoted to senior specialist in paediatric cardiology (2007–2008), before serving as Clinical Coordinator and Researcher of the Stop Rheumatic Heart Disease A.S.A.P.",
"Programme (2008–2016).",
"After working as a senior research officer and postdoctoral fellow at UCT (2015–2016), she returned to Red Cross War Memorial as a paediatric cardiologist and, from 2021 to 2022, was Acting Deputy-Dean for Research at UCT's Faculty of Health Sciences.As an academic, she specialises in paediatric and rheumatic heart disease.",
"She is South Africa's only woman to serve as a full professor in paediatric cardiology.",
"In 2015, she started the Children's Heart Disease Research Unit.",
"Additionally, her research topics include the epidemiology and medical genetics of heart disease, heart disease in youth and young women, and heart disease associated with HIV and COVID-19.She was the winner of the South African Medical Research Council and Department for International Development's 2018 African Research Leader Award.In 2012, she became president of the Paediatric Cardiac Society of South Africa, serving until 2016; from that year until 2018, she served as president of the South African Heart Association.",
"She was the first woman of colour elected to either position.",
"She became president of Rheumatic Heart Disease, Evidence, Advocacy, Communication and Hope in 2018.She has also served as the South African Medical Research Council's vice-president of extramural research and the internal portfolio, as chair of the Pan-African Society of Cardiology's task forces for paediatric and rheumatic heart disease as a member of the World Heart Federation's board.She is a member of the Academy of Science of South Africa.",
"She is also Fellow of the College of Paediatricians of South Africa (1999), Fellow of the European Society of Cardiology (2015), and Fellow of the American College of Cardiology (2016).Her husband, Alexander Zühlke, is a plastic surgeon, and they have two sons."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Silvestre Gutiérrez"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Manuel Silvestre Gutiérrez Chávez''' (Arequipa; — Lima; ) was a Peruvian colonel that participated in the coup d'état headed by his brother Tomás Gutiérrez against then president José Balta on July 22, 1872, dying in the events that took place four days later."
],
[
"Early life",
"Gutiérrez was born in Arequipa to a family of Spanish descent in March 1817, the son of parents Luis Gutiérrez and Julia Chávez.",
"He enlisted, along with his three brothers in the Peruvian Army, with Tomás distinguishing himself above the others.",
"He was described by historian Jorge Basadre as having frizzy hair and being fairer, more intelligent and enlightened than his brothers but thought to be \"harsh and sinister.\""
],
[
"Military career",
"Silvestre had a less distinguished career than Tomás, starting in the 1850s, in the wars and revolutions of Peru.",
"Silvestre was barely remembered for his performance alongside José Balta during the Chiclayo revolution: seriously injured in the head, he received the nickname \"broken head\" () ever since.In April 1870, both Silvestre and Marceliano were put on trial, accused separately of flagellation.",
"Silvestre had Colonel Juan Manuel Garrido arrested, to whom he applied two hundred lashes.",
"Marceliano, in turn, ordered the guard Luis Montejo to be flogged.",
"Of the two trials, Silvestre's caused a public scandal.",
"Lawyer defended Silvestre.",
"In August 1871 the Supreme Court issued an adverse ruling against Silvestre, so he was separated from the battalion he commanded; However, he returned shortly after to assume command of it.===Coup d'état===The Gutiérrez colonels, dissatisfied with the triumph of Manuel Pardo, the first civilian to win the presidential elections in 1872, plotted a coup against President José Balta.",
"Previously, they tried to convince the president to annul the elections, to no avail.",
"Then Silvestre convinced Tomás to carry out the coup plan once and for all, given that there were only a few days left before the change of command would take place.",
"The plan was then carried out at 2 p.m. of July 22, with Silvestre taking control of Government Palace and capturing Balta.",
"Four days later, while taking the tram at San Juan de Dios Station, he got into an altercation with a pro-Balta crowd, firing at them once with a revolver and woulding protestor Jaime Pacheco, who in turn shot him in the left arm.",
"A shootout thus began, resulting in Captain Francisco Verdejo fatally shooting Gutiérrez in the head.",
"His body was taken to the nearby Church of the Orphans, but was later dragged out and hanged from a lamppost next to Tomás at the Plaza de Armas, and then again hanged from the Cathedral, being later burned in a bonfire alongside two of his brothers.",
"Only Marcelino survived, who rehabilitated himself by fighting in the War of the Pacific."
],
[
"See also",
"*Tomás Gutiérrez*Marceliano Gutiérrez*Marcelino Gutiérrez"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"List of Syrian civil war films"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Below is an incomplete list of '''feature films, television films or TV series''' which include events of the '''Syrian civil war'''.",
"This list does not include documentaries, short films."
],
[
"2010s",
" YearCountryMain title(Alternative title)Original title(Original script)DirectorSubject2013Egypt''Bab sharki''''باب شرقي''Ahmed AtefDrama.2013QatarLebanonSyria''Ladder to Damascus''''سلم إلى دمشق''Mohammad MalasDrama, History, War.2014United States''Code Name: Caesar''Abdullah AlrachidBiography, Drama.2015Syria''The Mother''''الأم''Basil Al-KhatibDrama.2015Syria''The Father''''الأب''Basil Al-KhatibDrama.",
"Islamic State2015India''Phantom''Kabir KhanAction, Drama, Thriller.2016ItalyMoroccoUnited States''Watch Them Fall''Kristoph TassinDrama, Thriller.2016Syria''It is mortal and dissipates''''فانية وتتبدد''Najdat AnzourWar.",
"Islamic State2016Syria''Ward Off Fate''''رد القضاء''Najdat AnzourWar.",
"Operation Canopus Star2016Syria''The Syrians''''سوريون''Basil Al-KhatibThriller.2016FranceBelgiumAlgeria''Road to Istanbul''''La Route d'Istanbul''Rachid BoucharebDrama, Thriller.2016Tunisia''The Flower of Aleppo''''زهرة حلب''''La Fleur d'Alep''Ridha BehiAction, Drama, War.2017Turkey''Bordo Bereliler Suriye''Erhan BaytimurAction, Drama, Thriller, War.",
"Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War2017BelgiumFranceLebanon''Insyriated''Philippe Van LeeuwDrama, War.2018Turkey''Bordo Bereliler 2: Afrin''Erhan BaytimurAction, Thriller, War.",
"Operation Olive Branch2018Syria''Damascus...Aleppo''''دمشق - حلب''Basil Al-Khatib2018FranceBelgiumGeorgiaSwitzerland''Girls of the Sun''''Les filles du soleil''Eva HussonDrama, War.",
"Women's Protection Units2018Iran''Damascus Time''''به وقت شام''Ebrahim HatamikiaAction, Drama, Thriller, War.",
"Islamic State2018United KingdomUnited States''A Private War''Matthew HeinemanBiography, Drama, War.",
"Based on the article Marie Colvin’s Private War.",
"Marie Colvin2019TunisiaMoroccoLuxembourgFrance''The Scarecrows''''عرايس الخوف''Les ÉpouvantailsNouri BouzidDrama.2019SyriaSpainIraq''The End Will Be Spectacular''''Ji bo azadiyê''Ersin ÇelikWar.2019Syria''Blood of the Palm Trees''''دم النخل''Najdat AnzourWar, Drama.",
"Khaled al-Asaad2019Syria''The Confession''''الاعتراف''Basil Al-KhatibDrama.2019DenmarkNorwaySwedenFinland''Daniel''''Ser du månen, Daniel''Niels Arden OplevBiography, Drama, War.",
"Based on the book Ser du månen, Daniel.",
"Daniel Rye"
],
[
"2020s",
" YearCountryMain title(Alternative title)Original title(Original script)DirectorSubject2020India''Baaghi 3''Ahmed KhanAction, Adventure, Thriller.2020Turkey''Flasbellek''Dervis ZaimAdventure, Drama, War.2020Russia''Palmira''''Пальмира''Ivan BolotnikovDrama.2021Russia''Sky''''Небо''Igor KopylovAction, Biography, Drama, War.",
"Oleg Peshkov, 2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown2021Russia''Mama, I'm Home''''Мама, я дома''Vladimir BitokovDrama.",
"Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war2022SyriaUnited KingdomFranceQatar''Nezouh''''نزوح''Soudade KaadanDrama, War.2022Russia''Palmira''''Пальмира''Andrei KravchukDrama, War.",
"Palmyra offensive (March 2016)2022Russia''Infiltration''''Своя война.",
"Шторм в пустыне''Aleksey ChadovDrama, History, Thriller, War.2022Syria''Kobanê''Özlem YasarWar.",
"Siege of Kobanî, Women's Protection Units2023India''Akelli''Pranay MeshramDrama, Thriller.2023Syria''The wise''''الحكيم''Basil Al-Khatib"
],
[
"[[Refugees of the Syrian civil war|Refugees]]",
"YearCountryMain title(Alternative titles)Original title(Original script)DirectorBattles, campaigns, events depicted2013Italy''Border''Alessio CremoniniDrama.2014BulgariaGermanyCroatia''The Judgment''''Съдилището''Stephan KomandarevDrama.2015Germany''Kafkanistan''Daniel CarsentyDrama, Thriller, War.2016AustriaBosnia and HerzegovinaCroatiaSerbia''The Final Barrier''Jasmin DurakovićDrama.2017Turkey''The Guest Aleppo to Istanbul''Andaç HaznedarogluDrama.2017FinlandGermany''The Other Side of Hope''''Toivon tuolla puolen''Aki KaurismäkiComedy, Drama.2022Turkey''Aylan Baby''Omer SarikayaAction, Crime, Drama.",
"Death of Alan Kurdi2022United KingdomUnited States''The Swimmers''Sally El HosainiBiography, Drama, Sport.",
"Yusra Mardini, Sarah Mardini"
],
[
"Science fiction, fantasy, and horror",
"YearCountryMain title(Alternative titles)Original title(Original script)DirectorBattles, campaigns, events depicted2017HungaryGermanyFrance''Jupiter's Moon''''Jupiter holdja''Kornél MundruczóDrama, Fantasy, Mystery, Sci-Fi, Thriller.",
"Refugees of the Syrian civil war"
],
[
"Television films",
" YearCountryMain title(Alternative title)Original title(Original script)DirectorSubject2022Russia''Syrian Sonata''''Сирийская соната''Oleg PogodinDrama, Romance, War.",
"Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war"
],
[
"TV Series",
" YearCountryMain title(Alternative title)Original title(Original script)DirectorSubject2016/20Israel''Charlie Golf One''''תאג\"ד''Zion RubinDrama.",
"Israel's role in the Syrian civil war2017Syria''Desire''''شوق''Rasha ShurbatjiDrama, Romance.2018Turkey''Wolf''''Börü''Can EmreCem ÖzüduruAction, Thriller, War.2020Sweden''Caliphate''''Kalifat''Goran KapetanovićCrime, Drama, Thriller.",
"Islamic State2023United KingdomFrance''Liaison''Stephen HopkinsDrama, Thriller.2023Russia''Save the Only Son''''Спасти единственного сына''Nikolay KhomerikiDrama, Thriller."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"St. Colmcille's GAA"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''St.",
"Colmcille's GAA''' (Irish: ''Naomh Colmcille CLG'') is a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club based in Piltown, County Meath, Ireland, mainly incorporating the area of Laytown–Bettystown–Mornington–Donacarney.",
"It currently competes in the Meath Senior Football Championship."
],
[
"History",
"St. Colmcille's GAA was founded in 1971 through an amalgamation of two east Meath GAA clubs, Stars of the Sea and Shallon.",
"The club moved to their current ground of Pairc Ui Rís in 1989, named in honour of Edmund Rice.The club has found some success at Junior and Intermediate level, notably winning the Meath Intermediate Championship and Leinster Intermediate Championship in 2016."
],
[
"Notable players",
"* Bernard Flynn* Robbie O'Malley* Niall Ronan"
],
[
"Honours",
"* '''Meath Intermediate Football Championship''' (2): 1988, 2016* '''Leinster Intermediate Club Football Championship''' (1): 2016* '''Meath Junior Football Championship''' (1): 1983"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Official St. Colmcille's GAA Website"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Levi Schoppema"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Levi Schoppema''' (born 27 May 2004) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a left-back for club De Graafschap."
],
[
"Career",
"Born in Doetinchem, Schoppema started playing football for local club DZC '68 before joining the academy of the town's professional club De Graafschap in 2013.He started his career as a winger and attacking midfielder, modeling his game after Sergio Agüero.In July 2022, Schoppema signed his first professional contract with the club, securing a deal that extended until 2025.At the same time, he earned a promotion to the first team, setting the stage for his involvement in the upcoming 2022–23 season.",
"He made his first-team debut on 10 January 2023, during the second round of the KNVB Cup in a 4–1 away victory against HV & CV Quick, replacing Başar Önal in the 91st minute.",
"After multiple instances of being on the bench with the squad, he finally made his debut in the Eerste Divisie on 6 March 2023, during the 2–0 home victory against Helmond Sport.",
"He entered the match as a substitute for Alexander Büttner in the 83rd minute.Schoppema began establishing himself as a left-back for De Graafschap during the 2023–24 season under head coach Jan Vreman, alternating with Büttner for the starting position."
],
[
"Career statistics",
"+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competitionClubSeasonLeagueKNVB CupOtherTotalDivisionAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsDe Graafschap2022–23Eerste Divisie601000702023–24Eerste Divisie14020—160Career total2003000230"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Ellis Spiezia"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Ellis Spiezia''' (born November 1, 2005) is an American electric racing driver.",
"In 2022, he was nominated for the BBC Green Sport Awards."
],
[
"Early life and education",
"Ellis was born in Jupiter Florida.",
"He attended Hamilton Park Montessori School."
],
[
"Career",
"Ellis began his racing career at the indoor kart track, namely RPM in Jersey City, New Jersey and later Autobahn Palisades.",
"In 2019, he participated in an adult league offered by Autobahn Palisades, gaining his first championship win.",
"This earned him a spot at AEKC, a national championship for indoor karting.",
"Ellis participated in a number of Lucas Oil Race School events, including the 2019 Scholarship Shootout.",
"He attended the Play & Drive inaugural electric karting event in Aragon, Spain with prototype electric racing karts.",
"He drove against top European racing drivers, finishing 5th overall in the fall of 2019.In 2020, amidst the COVID-19 epidemic, Ellis participated in the DEKM, and electric kart championship in Germany.",
"He also participated in the ''Yacademy F4'' Winter Series in the US, where he finished P5 overall.",
"Returning to Europe in 2021, Ellis test drove the ERA Championship car, the world's first electric junior formula car.",
"In 2022 Ellis participated in ERA Championship and in 2023, he participated in NXT Gen Cup Championship.",
"Ellis is a member of EcoAthletes and High Impact Athletes."
],
[
"Award and recognition",
"*2022 - BBC Green Sports Awards Young Athlete of the Year Nominee* 2023 -Top 10 EV Influencers"
],
[
"See also",
"* Electric motorsport* 2022 ERA Championship* Electric go-kart"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Ellysium Racing Website"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2023 MAAC men's soccer tournament"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2023 MAAC men's soccer tournament''' was the postseason men's soccer tournament for the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference held from November 5 through November 12, 2023.The five-match tournament took place at campus sites, with the higher seed hosting matches.",
"The host for the matches was determined by seeding from regular season play.",
"The six-team single-elimination tournament consisted of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play.",
"The Quinnipiac Bobcats were the defending champions.",
"They were unable defend their title as a ninth place regular season finish did not qualify them for the tournament.",
"The Rider Broncs would go on to win the tournament, defeating top seed Iona 2–1 in the final.",
"This was Rider's sixth overall tournament win.",
"Head coach Chad Duernberger won his first tournament title in his first year at the helm of Rider.",
"As tournament champions, Rider earned the MAAC's automatic berth into the 2023 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament."
],
[
"Seeding",
"The top six teams in the regular season earned a spot in the 2023 tournament.",
"Teams were seeded based on regular season conference record and tiebreakers were used to determine seedings of teams that finished with the same record.",
"A tiebreaker was required to determine the fifth and sixth seeds for the tournament as Marist and Niagara finished with identical 4–4–2 regular season records.",
"The teams tied 1–1 in their regular season match up on September 23.Record against highest remaining seeded teams was the second tiebreaker.",
"Both teams lost to the top three seeds, but Niagara defeated fourth seed Manhattan, while Marist lost to Manhattan during the regular season.",
"Therefore, Niagara was the fifth seed while Marist was the sixth seed.SeedSchoolConference RecordPoints 1 Iona 9–1–0 27 2 Siena 8–2–0 24 3 Rider 6–2–2 20 4 Manhattan 6–3–1 19 5 Niagara 4–4–2 14 6 Marist 4–4–2 14"
],
[
"Bracket",
"Source:"
],
[
"Schedule",
"=== Opening Round ====== Semifinals ====== Final ==="
],
[
"Statistics",
"=== Goalscorers ==="
],
[
"All-Tournament team",
"Source: Player Team '''2023 MAAC Men's Soccer All-Tournament team''' Camil Azzam Ruiz Iona Thiago Cagna Tim Timchenko James Cotter Manhattan Ensa Sanneh Zaki Alibou Rider Babacar Diene '''Momo Diop''' Sebastian Rojek Magnus Saaby Siena Henrik WinkelmannMVP in '''Bold'''"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Fort Hunter (Pennsylvania)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Fort Hunter''' was a military fort located in present-day Fort Hunter, Pennsylvania.",
"It was initially a stockaded gristmill fortified by Samuel Hunter in 1755 and later enlarged and maintained by the Province of Pennsylvania during the French and Indian War.",
"Fort Hunter was part of a defensive line of forts built in Pennsylvania during 1755 and 1756, at the start of hostilities with the French and their allied Native Americans.",
"It was briefly used during Pontiac's War, then abandoned in 1763."
],
[
"History",
"=== Hunter's Mill ===Reconstructed stockade and blockhouse similar to the original Fort Hunter.Fort Hunter was initially a stockaded gristmill in the Great Valley, owned by Samuel Hunter who lived on Fishing Creek.",
"The mill was located about six miles north of Harris' Ferry, probably five hundred feet west of the mouth of Fishing Creek, near its confluence with the Susquehanna River, in present-day Dauphin County.",
"In response to the Penn's Creek Massacre in October 1755, the government of the Province of Pennsylvania decided to fortify Hunter's Mill, and in January 1756, it was fortified with a simple stockade and garrisoned with volunteer militia recruited by Thomas McKee, an Indian trader who operated a trading post nearby.",
"McKee was appointed captain of \"McKee's Volunteers,\" but provisions, clothing and ammunition were in short supply, and the post was vulnerable to attack.",
"On 10 January, Governor Robert Hunter Morris ordered 25 men to be sent from Carlisle to reinforce McKee's garrison, and \"to deliver to Cap't McKee such Provincial arms, accouterments, blankets, tools and stores as he may at any time have received.",
"\"=== Construction ===Historical marker on the site of Fort Hunter.In March 1756, Benjamin Franklin commissioned Colonel William Clapham to construct forts in a defensive line in central Pennsylvania, to defend against French and Native American attacks on settlements that were becoming more frequent as part of the French and Indian War.",
"On 7 April 1756, Governor Morris ordered Clapham to march his regiment to Hunter's Mill to begin construction.",
"On 11 May 1756, McKee handed over command of the fort to Colonel Clapham.Colonel Clapham chose to build Fort Hunter about 500 yards east of the mill, near the Susquehanna River, which the army was using to transport troops and supplies.",
"Fort Hunter, like other forts near the river, was intended to monitor river traffic to prevent war parties from approaching the settlements.",
"The fort probably consisted of a block house surrounded by a stockade and a defensive ditch.",
"There are references in historic documents to a stockade, to \"a magazine of provisions and other warlike stores,\" and to the construction (in January, 1757) of \"a Room for the Officers & Barracks for the Soldiers...in Hunters Fort.\"",
"It was described as having \"a commanding view of the river.\"",
"Fort Halifax was 160 feet wide with bastions, so Fort Hunter was likely similar in construction, but no drawings or plans exist.",
"In July 1758 General John Forbes ordered the stockade repaired and the defensive ditch surrounding the fort to be enlarged.",
"=== Garrison and command ===As of 10 January 1756, the garrison had only 25 men, but by 13 November, it consisted of two sergeants and 34 privates from the Augusta Regiment.",
"In November 1756, Colonel Clapham ordered the interim commander of Fort Hunter, Ensign John Mears, to furnish fifteen men to escort the wagon master Robert Erwin to Fort Halifax.",
"Mears informed Erwin that \"Col. Clapham had no Command of him nor of his men: that he shou'd not pay any Regard to these Orders of Colonel Clapham's or the Governour's, for how cou'd the Governor give him the Command of that Fort and yet Command it himself.\"",
"Clapham had Mears arrested and sent Ensign Jacob Kerns to replace him.In March 1757, Governor William Denny met with Lord Loudoun, Conrad Weiser, and Colonel Clapham and determined that Fort Hunter should be demolished.",
"Its garrison and supplies were to be divided between Fort Augusta and Fort Halifax.",
"In July and August, settlers in the area protested that removing the fort would put their homes in danger, and after several months of consideration, the governor instead decided to demolish Fort Halifax and transfer its garrison to Fort Hunter.",
"A company of 50 men was assigned to range the country between Fort Hunter and Manada Gap, to prevent Native American war parties from moving into the area.",
"In February 1758, the garrison was strengthened to 80 men, and by July 1758 consisted of two companies with a total of 108 men and officers.Following the end of hostilities after the 1758 Treaty of Easton, the garrison was transferred and the fort was used only for storage until 1763.=== Pontiac's War ===1770 map of the Province of Pennsylvania showing Fort Hunter (\"Hunter's\") on the east bank of the Susquehanna River, below and to the right of the map's center.Fort Hunter was put to temporary use during Pontiac's War in June 1763, when the it served as a supply depot and a recruiting station.",
"Joseph Shippen Jr., secretary to Governor James Hamilton, was posted there briefly to supervise the recruitment of 700 troops for the defense of the province, and the gathering and the transfer of supplies, to be sent upriver to Fort Augusta.",
"The fort was still occupied in October 1763, when the Reverend John Elder informed Governor Hamilton that the defensive ditch surrounding the fort had been filled in, and that he had \"alwise kept a small party of the men stationed at Hunter's.\""
],
[
"Abandonment, 1763",
"The fort was abandoned after the end of Pontiac's War and fell into ruins.",
"The community of Fort Hunter, Pennsylvania was established nearby after 1787.The property was purchased in 1787 by Archibald McAllister, who built his home there.",
"It still stands and is known as the Archibald McAllister House.In 1796, François Alexandre Frédéric de La Rochefoucauld wrote in his journal that he had seen the ruins of Fort Hunter while travelling by boat up the Susquehanna River.",
"In 1814 McAllister built a storehouse on the site of the fort."
],
[
"Archaeology",
"Starting in 2006, archaeological excavations began, initially to try to locate the fort.",
"A stone-lined well was discovered in 2008, and this may have been the fort's source of fresh water.",
"In 2018 the dig uncovered a cannonball, musket balls, chunks of iron, crucible pieces, metals for blacksmithing and gun-smithing, spear points, grinding stones, Indian pottery and dishware, and the near complete lock from a Brown Bess musket.",
"A trash midden yielded gunflints, broken glass, glazed ceramics, and white clay pipe fragments.",
"A cluster of artifacts and building materials located in 2019 was identified as part of the fort, and by 2020 some 6,688 artifacts had been recovered, including a large fragment of a Delft bowl base, as well as a tinderbox, trade beads, a thimble with pins, a pile of small caliber lead shot, and a pair of pewter and green glass cuff buttons, still connected by a tiny brass loop after 250 years in the ground.",
"Mapping the locations of these artifacts revealed the likely location of the fort, part of which lies under the Archibald McAllister House.Excavations have also uncovered numerous Native American artifacts, dating mainly to the Archaic and Middle Woodland periods, between nine thousand and fifteen hundred years ago.",
"These consisted of stone tools, spear points, cord-marked pottery, and large cooking hearths."
],
[
"Memorialization",
"Informational history board at the at Fort Hunter Park.A historical marker was erected in 1947 by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission at the intersection of North Front Street and Fort Hunter Road.",
"An informational history board can be seen at the Fort Hunter Historic District at Fort Hunter Park in Fort Hunter, Pennsylvania."
],
[
"See also",
"* French and Indian War* William Clapham* Fort Augusta* Pontiac's War"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* \"Fort Hunter Archaeological Dig,\" Oct 2, 2014* \"Fort Hunter Archaeological Excavation – 2016,\" Sep 23, 2016* \"State Museum Perspectives: Archaeology at Fort Hunter,\" Mar 30, 2021* Fort Hunter Mansion website"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"List of census-designated places"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''list of census-designated places''' has been divided by state:"
],
[
"List",
"=== A ===* List of census-designated places in Alabama* List of census-designated places in Alaska* List of census-designated places in Arizona* List of census-designated places in Arkansas=== C ===* List of census-designated places in California* Population history of Colorado census-designated places* List of census-designated places in Colorado* List of census-designated places in Connecticut=== D ===* List of census-designated places in Delaware=== F ===* List of census-designated places in Florida=== G ===* List of census-designated places in Georgia=== H ===* List of places in Hawaii=== I ===* List of census-designated places in Idaho* List of census-designated places in Illinois* List of census-designated places in Indiana* List of census-designated places in Iowa=== K ===* List of census-designated places in Kansas* List of census-designated places in Kentucky=== L ===* List of census-designated places in Massachusetts* List of census-designated places in Louisiana=== M ===* List of census-designated places in Maine* List of census-designated places in Michigan* List of census-designated places in Minnesota* List of census-designated places in Mississippi* List of census-designated places in Missouri* List of census-designated places in Montana=== N ===* List of census-designated places in Nebraska* List of census-designated places in Nevada* List of census-designated places in New Hampshire* List of census-designated places in New Jersey* List of census-designated places in New Mexico* List of census-designated places in New York* List of census-designated places in North Carolina* List of census-designated places in North Dakota=== O ===* List of census-designated places in Ohio* List of census-designated places in Oklahoma* List of census-designated places in Oregon=== P ===* List of census-designated places in Pennsylvania=== R ===* List of census-designated places in Rhode Island=== S ===* List of census-designated places in South Carolina* List of census-designated places in South Dakota=== T ===* List of census-designated places in Tennessee* List of census-designated places in Texas=== U ===* List of census-designated places in Utah=== V ===* List of census-designated places in Vermont* List of census-designated places in Virginia=== W ===* List of census-designated places in Washington* List of census-designated places in West Virginia* List of census-designated places in Wisconsin* List of census-designated places in Wyoming"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Mars Hill Community Church"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Mars Hill Community Church''' is an American non-denominational community church located in the Lost Mountain neighborhood of Cobb County, Georgia, located in the Atlanta Metropolitan Area.",
"The church was founded in 1997 by Tom Gray, who still currently serves there as Senior Pastor.",
"The church has a Powder Springs address."
],
[
"History",
"Initially called The Church at West Cobb, the congregation started out with eleven people meeting in the living room of Tom and Dana Gray.",
"Eventually, the church moved to the cafeteria at Still Elementary School and hosted approximately 35 people on the first Sunday at that location.",
"In 2012, Mars Hill Community Church bought a campus on Mars Hill Road that formerly belonged to nearby Lost Mountain Baptist Church."
],
[
"Ministries",
"The church currently offers, or has recently offered, the following ministries to its congregation and attendees (some are external programs hosted by the church):* '''MH Kids''' (Children's Ministry) for babies through 4th grade students* '''MH Students''' (Student Ministry) for 5th–12th-grade students* '''20s & 30s Collective''' for men and women in their 20s & 30s (single or married)* '''Vintage Ministry''' for senior adults* '''Life Groups''' meet in homes or at church throughout the week* '''Women's Ministry'''* '''Men's Ministry'''* '''Theology Thursdays''' are monthly mid-week Bible studies with a dinner component* '''DivorceCare'''"
],
[
"External links",
" Mars Hill Community Church official website"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Dick Heinegård"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Dick Heinegård''' (13 June 1942 - 1 May 2013) was a Swedish biochemist.",
"He received his doctorate in 1974 at Lund University and later became a professor of medical and physiological chemistry there.",
"His research concentrated on the biology and pathology of connective tissue.",
"Heinegård was elected in 2002 as a member of the Kungliga Vetenskapsakademin."
],
[
"Early life and education",
"Heinegård was born in 1943 in Sweden.",
"He pursued his medical studies at the University of Lund, where he also began his research career under the mentorship of Sven Gardell, an established scientist in connective tissue research.",
"In 1970 he spent time at the Kennedy Institute in Helen Muir’s lab.",
"Heinegård completed his PhD in 1974, focusing on the extracellular matrix of tissues, particularly in relation to the musculoskeletal system."
],
[
"Career",
"Following his PhD, Heinegård worked at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the United States, where he conducted research on aggrecan with Vince Hascall.",
"Their collaboration in 1972/73 established the model for cartilage proteoglycan aggregates and initiated its addition to Dicks early model of cartilage matrix.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2613.2009.00695.xIn 1979, cartilage matrix protein (later re-named matrilin 1) was identified, and its interaction with biglycan/decorin and collagen II determined later.",
"''P''rotein/arginine-''R''ich ''E''nd ''L''eucine-rich repeat ''P''rotein (PRELP) (territorial) and fibromodulin (interterritorial) arrived in the cartilage matrix in 1986.Chondroadherin (CHAD) that interacts with integrins was identified in 1991 as a 36 kDa protein.",
"Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) that interacts with collagens was isolated in 1992, and cartilage intermediate layer protein (CILP) followed a few years later.",
"The final component in Dick’s model was added in 2001 as asporin, a name based on its polyaspartate stretch in its amino terminus.Over his career, Heinegård published more than 300 research papers and over 50 book chapters and reviews in the fields of biochemistry, connective tissue biology, and pathology."
],
[
"Awards and honors",
"Heinegård received the Steindler Award from the Orthopedic Research Society 1996, Lifetime Achievment Award OARSI 2011, the EULAR Award from the European League Against Rheumatism, the , Wyeth Priset from Svensk Reumatologisk Förening (SRF) 2006 and the Jahre Prize for medical research in Scandinavia 1993."
],
[
"Legacy and memorial",
"Following Heinegård's sudden death on May 1, 2013 the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) established the Dick Heinegård European Young Investigator Award to support scientific collaboration and advance research in matrix biology."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Mai Xuân Quyết"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Mai Xuân Quyết''' (born 1 April 1999) is a Vietnamese footballer who plays as a forward for V.League 1 club Thep Xanh Nam Dinh."
],
[
"Club career",
"Born in Thái Bình province, Mai Xuân Quyết started his career at Nam Dinh FC and progressed through the club's academy.",
"He made his first-team debut in the 2018 Vietnamese Cup.",
"He became a regular first-team squad member the following season."
],
[
"International career",
"He was part of the Vietnam U23 team that won the 2022 AFF U-23 Championship."
],
[
"Career statistics",
"+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competitionClubSeasonLeagueCupContinentalOtherTotalDivisionAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsNam Dinh FC2018V.League 10010—00102019V.League 122332——2552020V.League 118021——2012021V.League 111200——1122022V.League 117100——1712023V.League 116020——1802023–24V.League 10010——10Career total846930000939"
],
[
"Honours",
"'''Vietnam U23'''*AFF U-23 Championship: 2022"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Faustin"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Faustin''' is a given name and surname.",
"Notable people called Faustin include:'''Given name:'''*Faustin Baha (born 1982), Tanzanian long-distance runner who specializes in the half marathon and marathon*Faustin Betbeder, French illustrator, caricaturist and prototypical comics artist*Faustin Birindwa (1943–1999), Congolese politician*Faustin Boukoubi (born 1954), Gabonese politician, President of the National Assembly of Gabon*Faustin Butéra (born 1955), Rwandan sprinter*Faustin Habineza (born 1959), Rwandan mathematician, educator, politician*Jean Marie Faustin Godefroid Havelange (1916–2016), Brazilian lawyer, businessman and athlete*Faustin Hélie (1799–1884), French jurist and a leading reformer of criminal law*Faustin Herr (1834–1849), Austrian painter, lithographer, and miniaturist*Faustin Linyekula (born 1974), Congolese dancer, choreographer of contemporary dance*Faustin Luanga (born 1964), Congolese politician and career diplomat*Faustin Mparabanyi (born 1970), Rwandan former cyclist*Faustin Munene (born 1951), Congolese military officer and politician*Faustin Musa (born 1981), Tanzanian long-distance runner*Faustin Ndikumana (born 1970), Burundian economist and anti-corruption activist*Faustin Ntezilyayo (born 1962), president of the Supreme Court of Rwanda*Faustin Kayumba Nyamwasa (born 1962), Chief of Staff of the Rwandan Army 1998–2002*Faustin Rucogoza (died 1994), Rwandan politician and the Minister of Information*Faustin Senghor (born 1994), Senegalese professional footballer*Faustin Soulouque (1782–1867), President of Haiti from 1847 to 1849, Emperor of Haiti from 1849 to 1859*Faustin-Archange Touadéra (born 1957), President of the Central African Republic*Faustin Twagiramungu (1945–2023), Rwandan politician*Faustin E. Wirkus (1896–1945), American marine reputedly crowned Faustin II, King of La Gonâve, a Haitian island*Saints Faustin and Jovita, said to be Christian martyrs under Hadrian'''Surname:'''*Andy Faustin (born 1997), French-born Haitian footballer*Gina Faustin (born 1960), Haitian fencer*Nadine Faustin-Parker (born 1976), Haitian hurdler born in Belgium*Usengimana Faustin (born 1994), Rwandan professional footballer"
],
[
"See also",
"*Saint Faustin-Lac-Carre, municipality in the Laurentides region of Quebec, Canada*Crown of Faustin I, the crown of Faustin Soulouque*Faust*Faustianka*Faustianus*Faustina (disambiguation)*Faustini*Faustino (disambiguation)*Faustinus"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Isaac Aja"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Isaac Aja Muela''' (2 March 1936 – 8 February 2024) was a Spanish businessman and politician.",
"A member of the Socialist Party of Cantabria, he served in the Senate from 1986 to 1987.He previously was president of the Provisional Assembly of Cantabria, between 1982 and 1983, during the constitution of the Cantabrian Autonomy.",
"Aja died in San Vicente de la Barquera on 8 February 2024, at the age of 87."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Muhammad Hallaj"
],
[
"Introduction",
" '''Muhammad Hallaj''' (1932–2017) was a Palestinian scholar and writer on Palestinian affairs.",
"He could not pursue his academic career in Palestine in the 1980s and settled in the US.",
"He served as a member of the Palestinian National Council."
],
[
"Early life and education",
"Hallaj was born in Qalqilya, Mandatory Palestine, in 1932.He attended a high school in Jaffa.",
"Following the Nakba the family left their hometown.",
"He obtained his Ph.D. in political sciences from the University of Florida in 1966."
],
[
"Career and activities",
"Following his graduation Hallaj joined the Jacksonville University, Florida, as a lecturer and taught there until 1970.Then he taught at the University of Jordan in Amman from 1970 to 1975.During his tenure Hallaj served as dean of social sciences.",
"Next he joined Birzeit University on the West Bank in 1975 and became a full professor.",
"He was appointed vice president of Birzeit University and then was named as the first director of the Council for Higher Education in the West Bank and Gaza.",
"He taught at Birzeit University until 1981 when he went to the US for a study visit at Harvard University.",
"After the end of his study visit in 1983 he returned to Birzeit University, but the Israeli authorities did not grant him a work permit.",
"Therefore, he had to leave Palestine and settled in the US.Hallaj was the editor of a magazine entitled ''Palestine Perspectives'' between 1983 and 1991.He was the director of the Center for Policy Analysis on Palestine from 1991 to 1994.He was made a member of the Palestinian National Council in 1991.He headed Palestinian delegation during the multilateral talks on refugees which had been initiated after the Madrid Conference in 1991.Hallaj was a board member of various Palestinian organizations such as the commissioners of the Palestinian Independent Commission for Citizens’ Rights.===Work===Hallaj published many articles on Palestinian affairs.",
"He was among the contributors of the 1988 book entitled ''Blaming the Victims: Spurious Scholarship and the Palestinian Question'' edited by Edward Said and Christopher Hitchens."
],
[
"Death",
"Hallaj died in 2017."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Vadym Filashkin"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Vadym Serhiyovych Filaskhin''' (Ukrainian: Вадим Сергійович Філашкін; born on 14 June 1975), is a Ukrainian statesman, who is currently the Governor of Donetsk Oblast since 27 December 2023."
],
[
"Biography",
"Vadym Filashkin was born on 14 June 1975.He received his higher education at the Mykolaiv State Pedagogical University, majoring in \"pedagogy and methods of secondary education, and Ppysical culture and pre-conscription training\".",
"Then, in 2008, he graduated as a lawyer at the Kyiv National University of Internal Affairs.From November 2015 to August 2016, he was the deputy chief of the Main Directorate of the National Police in the Donetsk Oblast.In February 2019, he was the deputy head of the Donetsk regional state administration.On 27 December 2023, Filaskhin was appointed Governor of Donetsk Oblast."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Andrew J. Burke"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Andrew Jackson Burke''' (October 10, 1813 – March 22, 1903) was a merchant and mayor of Houston."
],
[
"Early life",
"Burke was born on October 10, 1813, in Elkton, Tennessee to Benjamin and Drucilla Burke.",
"He grew up in Elkton, but after his father died in 1830, he pursued opportunities in Mississippi."
],
[
"Career",
"Burke started his career working for a merchant in Vicksburg, Mississippi.",
"He managed a store in Amsterdam, Mississippi before moving the San Augustine, Texas to open his own store there in 1837.Later that year, he relocated to Houston, the temporary capitol of the Republic of Texas.",
"He quickly established a large mercantile business with a broad array of goods for sale, and even sold fire insurance.",
"By 1844, he formed the partnership of Shepherd & Burke, and also speculated on Houston real estate.",
"The mercantile partnership lasted until 1854, when Benjamin Armistead Shepherd sold his share of the business to Burke, making way for a mercantile partnership with Erastus S. Perkins.",
"Burke was president of the Planters Mutual Insurance starting in 1870."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Burke married Eloise Lusk of St. Augustine, Texas on September 26, 1837.She was the daughter of George Vance Lusk, the first judge of Shelby County, Texas.",
"The couple moved to Houston.",
"Among their children were Matilda Burke Cushing, wife of Edward Hopkins Cushing; Frank S. Burke, an attorney; Edmond L. Burke, a confidant of Edward Mandell House; and Nettie Burke."
],
[
"Death",
"Burke died on March 22, 1903."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Saint Minas Church of Zara"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''St Minas''' (Armenian: Սուրբ Մինաս) is a 13th-century Armenian Apostolic Christian church located in the village of Alakilise, Zara city, Sivas Province, Turkey.The church is located on the rock of Kızılırmak (Alice).",
"Saint Minas of Zara is also known as Ala (Ala Kilise), after which the village was named."
],
[
"History",
"After the Armenian Genocide, the church was used for many years as a mosque in the village of Alakilise, before the construction of a new mosque.It was also used as a warehouse and a stable.",
"Saint Minas was repeatedly destroyed by treasure hunters.The church is now registered as a cultural heritage object."
],
[
"Status",
"The church is abandoned and in a dilapidated state."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"United States House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Oversight and Accountability"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''U.S.",
"House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Oversight and Accountability''' is a standing subcommittee within the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs.",
"It is a new subcommittee for the 118th Congress."
],
[
"Jurisdiction",
"According to the committee rules for the 118th Congress::As directed or agreed to by the Chairman of the full Committee, oversight and investigation of matters within the jurisdiction of the Committee."
],
[
"Members, 118th Congress",
" Majority Minority* Brian Mast, Florida, ''Chair''* Scott Perry, Pennsylvania* Darrell Issa, California* Tim Burchett, Tennessee* French Hill, Arkansas* Michael Waltz, Florida* Cory Mills, Florida* Nathaniel Moran, Texas* Jason Crow, Colorado, ''Ranking Member''* Dina Titus, Nevada* Colin Allred, Texas* Andy Kim, New Jersey* Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick, Florida* Madeleine Dean, Pennsylvania"
],
[
"External links",
" Subcommittee page"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Marmande Speedway"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Marmande Speedway''' is a grasstrack, longtrack and motorcycle speedway venue in Marmande, France.",
"It is located on the eastern outskirts of the commune, on the intersection of Rue Charle Gounod and Rue Antoine de St Exupery."
],
[
"Longtrack and grasstrack",
"The venue has been major venue for events and has held a final round of Individual Speedway Long Track World Championship on multiple occasions."
],
[
"Motorcyle speedway",
"The conventional speedway track (inside the grasstrack/longtrack) has hosted many important events, including qualifying rounds of the Speedway World Championship (the first in 1993) and a qualifying round of the Speedway World Team Cup in 1992."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Anonymous Sudan"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Anonymous Sudan''''' is a hacker group that has been active since mid-January 2023 and believed to be originated from Russia with no links to Sudan or ''Anonymous.''",
"They have launched a variety of distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks against targets."
],
[
"Origins and identity",
"Despite the name, there is no proven link between ''Anonymous Sudan'' and the country of Sudan.",
"The group surfaced as a Russian-speaking Telegram channel in mid-January.",
"Some experts, including cybersecurity company CyberCX, believe the group originates from or is supported by Russia.",
"The group is also not linked to Anonymous (hacker group)."
],
[
"Targets and motives",
"''Anonymous Sudan'' claims to target countries and organizations engaging in self-described \"anti-Muslim activity\".",
"The group claims to be anti-Zionist and pro-Islam.",
"However, they have also collaborated with pro-Russian attack groups like Killnet, and their attacks seem to align with a pro-Russian agenda.As a response to the International Committee of the Red Cross rules of engagement for civilian hackers, a representative of ''Anonymous Sudan'' said these rules were \"not viable and that breaking them for the group's cause is unavoidable\"."
],
[
"Attacks",
"''Anonymous Sudan'' has launched a variety of distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks against targets in Sweden, Denmark, the US, Australia, and other countries.",
"Their victims include Cloudflare, Associated Press, Netflix, and PayPal, among others.",
"''Anonymous Sudan'' has successfully disrupted the website of Scandinavian Airlines (SAS) and even took down Microsoft 365 software suite, including Teams and Outlook.",
"They also took Twitter (now known as X) offline in more than a dozen countries to pressure Elon Musk to enable Starlink service for Sudan.",
"According to the Cyberint Research Team, the group launched 670 attacks in their first 6 months of activity.On 8 June 2023, ''Anonymous Sudan'' claimed responsibility for a DDoS attack on Azure portal which caused an outage of this and other Microsoft cloud services between ~15 UTC and ~17:30 UTC.During the War in Sudan between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF), ''Anonymous Sudan'' launched cyberattacks on the Kenyan government and private websites in the last week of July 2023, in retaliation for the country's support of the RSF.",
"In January and February 2024, ''Anonymous Sudan'' claimed to have disabled all internet services in Chad and Djibouti, respectively, as part of a cyberattack to protest the country's relations with the RSF.",
"The group continued attacking Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) countries (including Uganda in February) due to their backing of the RSF.",
"The group also attacked the United Arab Emirates, a major supporter of the RSF.On 10 July 2023, ''Anonymous Sudan'' attacked the Archive of Our Own with a Denial-of-service attack.",
"''Anonymous Sudan'' claimed responsibility in a Telegram post, saying the act was motivated by the website's United States registration and its inclusion of sexual and LGBT content.",
"The group then demanded $30,000 worth of Bitcoin within 24 hours to end the attack.",
"The site came back online the next day with Cloudflare protection added.During the Israel–Hamas war, media teams operating in the region have been exposed to various kinds of cyberattack.",
"The ''Jerusalem Post'' website went down on 9 October 2023, with Anonymous Sudan claiming responsibility.",
"The Palestinian Authority news agency Wafa also experienced a cyberattack on 18 October 2023, as did Al-Jazeera English on 31 October 2023 and Al-Mamlaka TV on 3 November 2023.In November 2023, the group targeted Israel infrastructure.In December 2023, ''Anonymous Sudan'' launched a DDoS attack on ChatGPT after Tal Broda, a member of OpenAI's leadership, made a social media post dehumanizing Palestinians, calling for more intense bombing in Gaza, and advocating ethnic cleansing.In January 2024, ''Anonymous Sudan'' failed to hack the London Internet Exchange in response to the UK's missile strikes in Yemen."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Hop-A-Jet Flight 823"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Hop-A-Jet Flight 823''' was a chartered U.S. domestic flight operated by Hop-A-Jet from Ohio State University Airport in Columbus, Ohio, to Naples Airport in Naples, Florida.",
"Shortly before landing on February 9, 2024, the pilots reported a dual engine failure and attempted to land on Interstate 75.The aircraft, a Bombardier Challenger 604, was destroyed and consumed by a post-crash fire.",
"Both pilots were killed, but the two passengers and flight attendant on board survived."
],
[
"Aircraft",
"The aircraft involved was a Bombardier Challenger 604 with manufacturer's serial number 5584 and registered as N823KD.",
"The aircraft was built in 2004 and can carry up to 12 passengers.",
"The aircraft was owned by East Shore Aviation LLC and was operated by Hop-A-Jet Worldwide Jet Charter, a private jet travel company based in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.== Accident == As the plane approached Naples Airport, the pilots radioed to air traffic controllers that both engines had failed, later adding that they would not be able to make it to the runway.",
"The pilots attempted to land on Interstate 75 near mile marker 107.As the aircraft approached the road surface, it collided with a pickup truck, erupted in flames, and came to rest against a concrete wall at the side of the southbound lanes.",
"Both pilots were killed, but the two passengers and flight attendant on board survived.",
"The aircraft was heavily damaged by the post-crash fire."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Richard Christopher Haynes"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Sir Richard Christopher Haynes''' (10 June 1936 – 23 June 2013), also known as '''Richie Haynes''', was a Barbadian politician and surgeon who served as the Leader of the Opposition from 1989 to 1991 after he left the ruling Democratic Labour Party and formed the National Democratic Party.",
"He also served as Minister of Finance from 1986 to 1987.He was married to Jamaican-Barbadian senator Carol Lady Haynes."
],
[
"Early life",
"Richard Haynes was born on 10 June 1936 in Newbury, St. George in pre-independence Barbados.",
"He went to school at Workman’s Junior School for his primary education and for his secondary education he attended St. George’s Boys School.",
"He began to study medicine and attended the University of Edinburgh in Scotland for his tertiary education in 1963, where he earned a degree and returned home to Barbados to become the Head of the Department of Medicine as Senior Physician Specialist and the Chief of Medical Staff at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital (QEH).",
"There he pioneered the development of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at QEH and transformed QEH into a hospital suitable to facilitate tertiary education for medical students during his tenure until from 1967 to 1976.He also opened up a medical practice in 1972, co-founding the Delaware Medical Centre."
],
[
"Political career",
"Haynes began his tenure in politics by running as a candidate for the Democratic Labour Party for the 1978 St. Michael South Central by-election which was triggered after the resignation of DLP member Frederick Smith.",
"Haynes won the election and retained the seat for the DLP, a seat he would hold until 1998 with a brief interregnum between 1991 and 1994.As a member of parliament, Haynes remained in the opposition until the DLP retook the government in the 1986 general elections.",
"He was subsequently given the position of Minister of Finance which he held between 1986 and 1987.After the death of Prime Minister Errol Barrow in 1986, the premiership passed to Lloyd Erskine Sandiford and the cabinet was reshuffled in 1987, and the portfolio of Finance was placed under Sandiford's purview leaving Haynes as a backbencher.",
"In 1989 Haynes and three other DLP members defected from the party, dissatisfied with Sandiford, and formed the National Democratic Party.",
"This made them the second largest party in the house and Haynes, as the leader of the party, became the opposition leader.",
"He lost the role after the 1991 general elections in which the NDP lost all of their seats.",
"After the vote of no-confidence of Sandiford succeeded and triggered the 1994 Barbadian general election, Haynes was able to reclaim his seat and the NDP captured 13% of the popular vote.",
"This would mark the most recent time a party that was not the DLP or the BLP would win a seat in an general election.",
"Haynes then later retired from elective politics in 1998 and the NDP was dissolved."
],
[
"Later life and death",
"Later in 1998 he chaired what was known as the Haynes commission as Chairman of the Advisory Commission of Enquiry into the QEH.",
"Haynes would later receive the national award of the Knight of St Andrew in 2003 as recognition for his contributions to Barbados in the field of health care.",
"Haynes died on 23 June 2013 at age 77 from throat cancer."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Paoli Formation"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Paoli Formation''', '''Paoli Limestone''', or '''Paoli Chert''' is a geologic formation in Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky and Missouri.",
"This formation contains members that are known hydrocarbon reservoirs."
],
[
"Stratigraphy",
"=== Downeys Bluff Member ===The '''Downeys Bluff''' '''Member''' is the uppermost or top member.",
"It is grey, light to medium in hue.",
"The limestone is fairly clean, with small amounts of clay and shale.",
"It contains a variety of textures, the most noted are micritic, oolitic and skeletal.=== Popcorn Sandstone Member ==='''Popcorn Sandstone Member''' or '''Popcorn Sandstone Bed''' is the lowest member of the Paoli and marks the base of the Chesterian Series.",
"It is not found throughout the entire Paoli.",
"The Popcorn is sometimes included with the Aux Vases Member in other areas it is its own separate member."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 European Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 50 kg"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''women's freestyle 50 kg''' is a competition featured at the 2024 European Wrestling Championships, and will held in Bucharest, Romania on February 14 and 15."
],
[
"Medalists",
"'''Gold''''''Silver''''''Bronze'''"
],
[
"Results",
"; Legend* '''F''' — Won by fall===Main bracket======Repechage==="
],
[
"Final standing",
"RankAthlete Milana Dadasheva 5578 Viyaleta Chyryk 91011121314"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Draw"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Miguel Valor Peidró"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Miguel Valor Peidró''' (2 January 1945 – 11 February 2024) was a Spanish insurance agent and politician.",
"A member of the People's Party of the Valencian Community, he served in the Corts Valencianes from 1991 to 1995 and was Mayor of Alicante from January to June 2015.Valor died in Alicante on 11 February 2024, at the age of 79."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Old Church of St Andrew, Upleatham"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Old Church of St Andrew''' is a redundant grade II* listed Anglican church in the village of Upleatham, Redcar and Cleveland, England.",
"Parts of the church date back to the 12th century, and it was replaced as a working church by the newer Church of St Andrew, which is located closer to the village, the old church being outside of Upleatham.",
"Although no longer used for services, the church is noted as being one of the smallest in England."
],
[
"History",
"The Old Church of St Andrew is noted as being one of the smallest churches in England, due to its size of just by (only one church in England is smaller - Bremilham Church in Wiltshire).",
"The church was historically bigger than the size it is today, with historians believing that in 1684, when the tower was added, the south side of the church was removed.",
"The current size of the church only allows 30 worshippers inside.",
"The church is thought to have existed since at least the 12th century, and the first mention of the church at Upleatham is when it was given to the canon and priors of Gisborough Priory, who had parochial rights over the area.",
"The Brus family donated most of their land and the churches to Gisborough Priory , around the time of the priory's founding.Excavations on the site in 1911 unearthed a ninth century Anglo-Danish cross, which suggests the village existed pre-dates the Domesday survey.",
"In 1974, further archaeological digs revealed some fragments of a cross that dates back to the 10th century.",
"The church is outside of the village to the east along the B1268 road.",
"It is thought that the village was moved to its present location in the 16th–17th century, but the reasons for the re-location, and leaving the church alone, are unknown.All that remains of the church is the west end of the nave, which is Norman in architecture, an embattled tower on the west side, and fragments of the ruined church on the eastern side.",
"Archaeological investigations of the church's footprint and the ruins, have lead to an estimation that the original nave was long by wide.",
"The east wall is a later addition to the fabric of the church, believed to have been erected when the rest of the church was removed in 1822.In the eastern part of the churchyard is a low wall, part of the original church and the location of the Lowther Vault.The church is within the boundary of the Upleatham conservation area, and was grade II* listed in 1954.It is maintained by the National Churches Trust.",
"From the 1830s, services were moved to the newer Ignatius Bonomi designed St Andrew's Church in the same village, however, this also ceased being an active church in 1989, and has been converted into a private home.",
"After being supplanted by the newer church, the Old Church of St Andrew became a mortuary chapel."
],
[
"References",
"=== Sources ===***"
],
[
"External links",
"* The church on Hidden Teesside"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 Atlantic 10 women's basketball tournament"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 Atlantic 10 women's basketball tournament''' will be the postseason men's basketball tournament for the 2023–24 season of the Atlantic 10 Conference (A-10).",
"It will be held from March 6-10, 2024, in Henrico, Virginia, at Henrico Sports & Events Center.",
"It will be the 48th annual edition of the tournament."
],
[
"Seeds",
"All 15 A-10 schools will participate in the tournament.",
"Teams will be seeded by winning percentage within the conference, with a tiebreaker system to seed teams with identical percentages.",
"The top 9 teams will receive a first-round bye and the top four teams will receive a double-bye, automatically advancing them to the quarterfinals.SeedSchoolConference RecordTiebreaker123456789101112131415"
],
[
"Schedule",
"SessionGameTimeMatchupScoreTelevisionAttendanceFirst round – Wednesday, March 611NoonNo.",
"12 vs No.",
"13ESPN+22:30 pmNo.",
"10 vs No.",
"1535:00 pmNo.",
"11 vs No.",
"14Second round – Thursday, March 72411:00 amNo.",
"8 vs No.",
"9ESPN+51:30 pmNo.",
"5 vs Winner Game 1365:00 pmNo.",
"7 vs Winner Game 277:30 pmNo.",
"6 vs Winner Game 3Quarterfinals – Friday, March 84811:00 amNo.",
"1 vs Winner Game 4ESPN+91:30 pmNo.",
"4 vs Winner Game 55105:00 pmNo.",
"2 vs Winner Game 6117:30 pmNo.",
"3 vs Winner Game 7Semifinals – Saturday, March 961211:00 amWinner Game 8 vs Winner Game 9CBSSN131:30 pmWinner Game 10 vs Winner Game 11Championship – Sunday, March 107144:00 pmWinner Game 12 vs Winner Game 13ESPN2*Game times in Eastern Time."
],
[
"Bracket"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Price baronets of Trengwainton (1815)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Price baronetcy''', of Trengwainton in the County of Cornwall, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 30 May 1815 for Rose Price.",
"He was the grandson of John Price, younger brother of the 1st Baronet of the 1768 creation; and owned the Worthy Park sugar estate in Jamaica."
],
[
"Price baronets of Trengwainton (1815)",
"Rose Price Mausoleum, Madron Churchyard*Sir Rose Price, 1st Baronet (1768–1834)*Sir Charles Dutton Price, 2nd Baronet (1800–1872), died unmarried.",
"*Sir Rose Lambart Price, 3rd Baronet (1837–1899)*Sir Rose Price, 4th Baronet (1878–1901)*Sir Francis Caradoc Rose Price, 5th Baronet (1880–1949)*Sir Rose Francis Price, 6th Baronet (1910–1979)*Sir Francis Caradoc Rose Price, 7th Baronet, KC (born 1950) The heir presumptive to the baronetcy is his nephew Benjamin William Rose Price (born 1989)."
],
[
"Extended family",
"Henry Talbot Price, younger brother of the 3rd Baronet, was a captain in the Royal Navy.",
"John Giles Price, fourth son of the 1st Baronet, was a magistrate and penal administrator: whose eldest son Sir John Frederick Price KCSI was a Madras Legislative representative; and whose third son was Col. Thomas Caradoc Rose Price.",
"The latter's son Thomas Rose Price (1875–1949) was a brigadier-general whose younger son was the actor Dennis Price."
],
[
"Notes"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Luxgen n7"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Luxgen n7''' (stylized with a superscript number as '''n7''') is a 5- or 7-seat battery electric mid-size crossover SUV produced by the Taiwanese car company Luxgen, approximately the same size as the conventionally powered Luxgen URX.It was developed by Foxtron, a joint venture established in 2020 between Luxgen parent Yulon and Hon Hai Precision, better known as Foxconn.",
"The first public viewing of the concept vehicle, the '''Foxtron Model C''', was in October 2021, and the n7 was announced as the retail version in October 2022; production began in late 2023."
],
[
"History",
"Foxtron Model C at Bangkok Motor Show (March 2022)The Foxtron Model C concept was unveiled at the second annual Hon Hai Tech Day in October 2021, with a production version shown one year later, which would be marketed in Taiwan as the Luxgen n7.Preorder sales were scheduled to start in October 2022, with production to commence in November 2023; the first vehicles were delivered to retail customers by mid-January 2024.By September 2023, Luxgen had received 20,000–25,000 preorders for the n7; at that time, the n7 had the lowest starting price of any electric automobile in Taiwan.",
"By November, there were more than 9,100 confirmed preorders.",
"It is expected the Model C or a derivative will be marketed in southeast Asia and the United States by the third quarter of 2025."
],
[
"Design",
"The Luxgen n7 is based on the Foxtron MIH platform, which is billed as an \"open source\" kit to develop electric vehicles and autonomous driving technologies; in exchange for access to the MIH platform, automotive companies will contract all production to Foxconn.",
"MIH, which stands for \"Mobility in Harmony\", was announced in 2020.MIH operations are managed by Foxtron Vehicle Technologies, a joint venture between Foxtron and the Yulon R&D center, Hua-chuang Automobile Information Technical Center (HAITEC).",
"Styling and engineering design were handled by Foxtron, which also assumes responsibility for the component supply chain management and production management, while Yulon manufactures the vehicles in its Miaoli factory.External dimensions are similar to the Luxgen URX, but the n7 has a wheelbase that is longer by .===Powertrain===The final production versions shown initially in October 2023 were equipped with a single-motor, rear-wheel-drive chassis and a standard-range battery option, estimated at 60 kW-hr capacity.",
"In addition, a long-range single-motor model fitted with a larger battery for an estimated of range and a dual-motor, all-wheel-drive model with a combined maximum output of are expected in the future.",
"A prototype Model C with dual motors and an 80 kW-hr battery was demonstrated in October 2023.Consumption for the standard-range single-motor version is estimated at , providing a range of under the New European Driving Cycle, depending on specific model configuration.",
"DC fast charging is provided through a CCS1 connector, at a maximum rate of 135 kW, which is claimed to charge the battery from 10% to 80% in 30 minutes.",
"V2L, using the high-voltage traction battery to power up to 1,800 W of electrical loads, is possible using an adaptor."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Luxgen China* Luxgen n7 Official Taiwanese Website"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Hymns of All Churches"
],
[
"Introduction",
" '''''Hymns of All Churches''''' is a quarter-hour American musical radio program that began in 1935 and ended in 1947.During that span it was broadcast on all of the four major networks of that era at one time or another.",
"After being sustaining for the first year, it became the first commercially sponsored religious radio show."
],
[
"Overview",
"As the name implied, ''Hymns of All Churches'' featured hymns from churches of all denominations.",
"Baritone Joe Emerson began the program.",
"He was joined on the air by a choir and orchestra, with Eric Sagerquist directing them.",
"Fred Jacky later directed those groups.",
"William Sumner played the organ.",
"Franklyn MacCormack, the host, provided \"sensitive readings of familiar poetry and thought\".Emerson had a collection of approximately 500 hymn books for use in selecting the songs to be used on the air.",
"He received thousands of requests for specific hymns, and he often introduced a hymn with an anecdote about how the composition was inspired.",
"On any given program, a listener might have heard \"a rousing old-time Methodist song of praise, ... a thousand-year-old Catholic chant, ... stately Hebrew phrases of an innocent Jewish hymn\", or a Confucian hymn that was included in \"a beautiful silk-covered volume with Chinese characters inside\".",
"Content of some episodes was tailored to fit specific events, such the September 17, 1936, broadcast, which (in observance of the Jewish New Year celebration) began with \"Ovinu Malkenu\", a traditional Hebrew hymn for God's protection and blessing in the new year.",
"Episodes sometimes included talks by clergymen, including Preston Bradley."
],
[
"Production",
"Although the show began on WLW radio, as a network program, ''Hymns of All Churches'' originated from WBBM in Chicago.",
"Emerson was the producer and arranger.",
"The first 39 episodes were recorded at NBC's Recording Division.",
"After that, recordings were made at World Broadcasting System's studios.",
"General Mills products that were advertised on the program included Cheerios, Softasilk Cake Flour, and Gold Medal Kitchen-Tested Flour."
],
[
"Recordings",
"The program's choir recorded more than 400 favorite hymns for members of the United States armed services.",
"Among those recordings were \"the best-loved hymns of every creed and race\", some from years past and others that were modern hymns at the time.",
"Victor released a Christmas album recorded by the program's choir in 1946 and another album of the choir's music in 1949."
],
[
"Minister's opposition",
"On September 29, 1935, a minister in New York City criticized commercial sponsorship of religious radio programs in general and ''Hymns of All Churches'' in particular.",
"''The New York Times'' reported that Dr. Raymond L. Forman, in his sermon at St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal Church, called the program \"a desecration of that which is sacred — a form of blasphemy\" and encouraged both individual Christians and churches to protest it.",
"That week was when ''Hymns of All Churches'' was scheduled to move to a national network.",
"Forman said that he supported churches' sponsorship of religious programs, but \"The worst form of exploitation of the religious life of people is perpetrated by commercial interests.\"",
"He suggested that one result would be that when people sang hymns in church they would think about the sponsor."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 European Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 76 kg"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''women's freestyle 76 kg''' is a competition featured at the 2024 European Wrestling Championships held in Bucharest, Romania on February 14 and 15."
],
[
"Medalists",
"'''Gold''''''Silver''''''Bronze'''"
],
[
"Results",
"; Legend* '''F''' — Won by fall===Main bracket======Repechage==="
],
[
"Final standing",
"RankAthlete5578910 Ksenia Burakova 1112 Anastasiya Zimiankova 1314"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Draw"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Oleksandr Koval (politician)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Oleksandr Serhiyovych Koval''' (Ukrainian: Олександр Сергійович Коваль; born 12 October 1987) is a Ukrainian statesman, who is currently the Governor of Rivne Oblast since 27 December 2023."
],
[
"Biography",
"Koval was born on 12 October 1987.In 2004, he graduated from the Kostopil secondary school—complex I-III degrees No.",
"6 of the Rivne Oblast.",
"From 2004 to 2009, Koval was a student of the National University of Water Management and Nature Management, majoring in Ecology and Environmental Protection.On 28 November 2019, he became the head of the Kostopil district state administration of the Rivne region.On 23 November 2020, he was relived of his duties as in December he became the first deputy mayor of the Kostopil City Council.On 5 March 2021, he became the head of the Rivne district state administration within the Rivne Oblast.On 27 December 2023, Koval became the Governor of Rivne Oblast."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Twelve noble families of Crete"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''twelve noble families of Crete''' or '''Twelve ''' () is a legend ascribing the origin of the most prominent families of the Cretan nobility to a settlement of twelve scions of noble families of Constantinople on the island by a Byzantine emperor."
],
[
"Documentary basis of the legend",
"The legend of the Twelve survives in six different documents in several versions, both in Greek and in Italian, which were collected in the 1900s by the German Byzantinist Ernst Gerland (''Histoire de la noblesse crétoise au Moyen Âge'').",
"One of the documents purports to be a charter, dated to the year 1182, claiming that the Emperor \"Alexios Komnenos the \" sent his son Isaac to rule over Crete after a rebellion in the island, as well as twelve noble families as his aides and lieutenants.",
"Isaac and the heads of the twelve families sign the document.",
"The facts however do not fit the date: Emperor Alexios II Komnenos, who ruled in 1182, was indeed a , but was murdered in 1183 at only fifteen years of age, and did not have any offspring.",
"Nor is a Cretan revolt known during his rule.",
"As a result, Gerlach suggested that the events refer to the revolt of Karykes in 1092, under Alexios I Komnenos, but the latter was not a , and his son Isaac was only born in 1093.The document is thus clearly a forgery, created after the conquest of Crete by the Republic of Venice early in the 13th century, with the aim of protecting the social position and privileges of the local magnate families named in the document.A second document concerns the restoration or confirmation of previously donated lands to the Skordyles family, one of the twelve mentioned in the first document, by the governor of Crete, Constantine Doukas.",
"The various sons of the Skordyles clan are mentioned, each with his own sobriquet, apparently in an effort, according to the French Byzantinist Charles Brand, \"to provide each of the existent sub-clans or affiliated families of the Skordyloi with an eponymous ancestor\".",
"It is purportedly dated to 1183 (although Gerland dated it to 1191), and its authenticity is debated among modern scholars, with some considering that it derives from a genuine document.",
"This, and the term '' ('sons of the lords', or 'sons of the commanders'), which is used throughout in the legend, may point to a historical basis: Emperor Alexios I created a special military unit out of orphaned sons of officers, called Archontopouloi, and it may be that the later noble families trace their descent to soldiers invested with lands, i.e., estates in exchange for military service.",
"At the very least, both documents attest that in the late 12th century there were large land-holding families in Crete, a hereditary landed aristocracy that had emerged as imperial authority declined, much like elsewhere in the Byzantine world of time.The term became so established that it was used by the Venetians to refer to the native Greek nobility.",
"Travellers in later centuries report that the local Greek aristocracy insisted on their descent \"from the nobles of the Empire of Constantinople\"."
],
[
"Families",
"===Phokas===The Phokas (Φωκᾶς) family is represented in the supposed charter of 1182 by John Phokas, who is at the head of all three extant versions of the document.",
"The surname still appears in the 15th century, but the most famous branch of the family is the extensive Kallergis clan, the leading family of the native Greek Orthodox nobility.",
"The Kallergis eventually claimed descent from the Byzantine Phokas family, and its most famous representative, Nikephoros II Phokas.===Varouchas===Constantine Varouchas (Βαρούχας) is mentioned in second place in the charter of 1182.The family is otherwise attested during the Revolt of Alexios Kallergis in the 1280s and in inscriptions afterwards.===Skordyles===The Skordyles or Skordylis (Σκορδύλης) were one of the most prominent families of the native Cretan nobility, subdivided in numerous branches.",
"In the charter of 1182, they are represented by Marinos Skordyles, located in third place in two of the documents and fifth in the other.",
"In historical sources they are attested already in 1212–1213, when Constantine Sebastos Skordyles launched a rebellion against Venetian rule.===Mousouros===In the charter of 1182, Leo Mousouros appears in fourth place in two of the documents and sixth in the other.",
"Although they claimed thus to be one of the most ancient families on the island, the Mousouros (Μούσουρος or Μουσοῦρος) are ill attested in later historical or epigraphical sources.",
"Their most famous member was likely the Renaissance humanist Marcus Musurus.===Gavalas===In the charter of 1182, Philip Gavalas appears in fifth place in two of the documents and third in the other.",
"The Gavalas (Γαβαλᾶς) are attested since the late 13th century and well into the 15th century.===Melissenos===The Melissenos or Melissinos (Μελισσηνός) family is represented in the charter of 1182 by Andreas Melissenos, in sixth place.",
"Members of the family are attested in uprisings against Venice as early as 1217 and 1222.",
"'Melissenos' was a common surname in the late medieval Greek world, thus the membership to the Cretan branch of the family of people bearing that name and active outside Crete is often uncertain.===Arkoleos===The family name is variously given as Arkoleos (Ἀρκολέος) or Archoleos (Ἀρχόλεος, Ἀρχολέος) in the charter of 1182, where Thomas Arkoleos is placed seventh (fourth in one version).",
"The family is attested in a charter of 1234, granted by the Venetian Duke of Candia, and survived at least until the 16th century.===Vlastos===The Vlastos (Βλαστός) family is represented by Demetrios Vlastos in eighth place in the charter of 1182.It is first attested participating in the Revolt of Alexios Kallergis, and well into the 16th century; most notable is the failed Conspiracy of Sifis Vlastos in 1454.===Chortatzes===The Chortatses (Χορτάτσης) or Chortatzes (Χορτάτζης) family led several revolts against Venice in the 13th century, and is attested into the 16th century.",
"In the charter of 1182, Eustathios (or Eustrateios) Chortatzes (or Chortatses) is mentioned, in ninth place.===Argyropoulos===The Argyropoulos (Ἀργυρόπουλος) family is not well attested but one of its branches, the Agiostephanites (Ἀγιοστεφανίτης), who organized the first revolt against Venice in 1212.In the charter of 1182, Nikephoros Argyropoulos is already surnamed Hagiostephanites.===Lithinos===Loukas Litinos (Λίτινος) or Lithinos (Λίθινος, Λιθινός) is mentioned in penultimate (last in one version) place in the charter of 1182.===Ka(la)phates===Matthew Kaphates (Καφάτης), Kalaphates (Καλαφάτης), or Kaphatos (Καφάτος) is mentioned in twelfth, eleventh, and tenth place in the various versions of the 1182 charter."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Sources",
"* * * * , comprises the following works:** ** * **"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Kaveh Yaghmaei"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Kaveh Yaghmaei''' (, Born 12 December 1968, Tehran), is a rock singer from Iran.",
"He is the son of Kourosh Yaghmaei."
],
[
"Career",
"At the age of 10, Kaveh started learning about music and playing acoustic and electric guitar in different styles, especially rock, as a specialized and favorite style of his father (Kourosh Yaghmaei) in the family.",
"Entering the High Music Conservatory at the age of 9 and specialized training in classical piano under the famous teacher Novin Afrooz, as well as simultaneous training in composing, arranging instruments and playing the guitar.After the Iranian Revolution and the dissolution of the High Music Conservatory and the forced suspension of academic music studies, he continued to study music at the Boys' High Conservatory of Music and graduated with a specialized flute instrument.",
"In 1994, after entering the university and learning classical guitar, he started his professional activity in the field of music recording, composing and arranging instruments.He has also collaborated with many artists on various music albums as a composer, and arranger of instruments playing guitar, flute, keyboard, drums and percussion.",
"He is a professor of electric guitar in the Faculty of Music.",
"He was also the music teacher of famous people like Sirvan Khosravi.",
"His first album called Scarecrow with his own composition, arrangement, playing and singing was released in 2013, which helped Sirvan Khosravi a lot to get into music.=== TV Series Title Music ===Yaghmaei, in collaboration with Sirvan Khosravi, composed the title music of the Blue Whale series."
],
[
"Concert in Tehran",
"Despite the restrictions of concerts in rock and rap styles in Iran, Kaveh Yaghmai has been able to hold several concerts in Tehran at the Ministry of Interior Hall, which have been welcomed by rock music enthusiasts in Iran.."
],
[
"Migration",
"Kaveh left Iran to pursue world music and to establish cooperation with international musicians.",
"He then settled in Vancouver, Canada.",
"He released his second album called Sokout Sard with Taraneh Company in 2006.He returned to Iran on March 17, 2010, and released the album Manshur in 2015."
],
[
"Political opinion",
"In a conversation with Voice of America, Kaveh Yaghmai expressed his opinion about Iran's situation as follows: Dualism and differences between Iranians inside and outside the country are for the benefit of the Islamic Republic."
],
[
"See also",
"* Kouroush Yaghmaei* Sirvan Khosravi* Iranian rock"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* * * * Kaveh Yaghmai Interview at Voice of America Persian News Network"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Tit for Tat (play)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Tit for Tat''''' is a 1786 comedy play by the British writer George Colman the Elder.",
"It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket in London on 29 August 1786.The original Haymarket cast included John Palmer as Villamour, Cockran Joseph Booth as Old Meanwell, William Davies as Young Meanwell, Robert Palmer as Skipwell, Elizabeth Farren as Florinda and Mary Bulkley as Letty.",
"The Irish premiere took place at the Smock Alley Theatre in Dublin on 26 February 1787 It also subsequently appeared at both the Covent Garden and Theatre Royal, Drury Lane theatres."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* Greene, John C. ''Theatre in Dublin, 1745-1820: A Calendar of Performances, Volume 6''.",
"Lexington Books, 2011.",
"* Nicoll, Allardyce.",
"''A History of English Drama 1660–1900: Volume III''.",
"Cambridge University Press, 2009.",
"* Hogan, C.B (ed.)",
"''The London Stage, 1660–1800: Volume V''.",
"Southern Illinois University Press, 1968."
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Daud Khan Jatoi"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Daud Khan Jatoi''' is a Pakistani politician who is a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjabelected in 2024 Pakistani general election from PP-270 Muzaffargarh-III."
],
[
"Political carrer",
"=== 2024 election ===in 2024 Pakistani general election he contested as an independent candidate supported by PTI and won."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Saffar (surname)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Saffar''' (from Arabic ''saffār'' 'coppersmith') is a surname.",
"Notable people with the name include:*Ammar al-Saffar, Deputy Health Minister of Iraq*Ayesha Saffar (1078–1153), Iranian Muslim woman narrator*Hassan al-Saffar (born 1958), Shi'a scholar from Qatif, Saudi Arabia*Hossein Saffar Harandi (born 1953), Minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance of Iran until 26 July 2009*Jamal Al-Saffar (born 1971), Saudi Arabian sprinter who specialized in the 100 metres*Saeed-Al-Saffar (born 1968), cricketer who has represented the UAE at international level*Yoav Saffar (born 1975), Israeli basketball player"
],
[
"See also",
"* Safar (surname)"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 European Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 68 kg"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''women's freestyle 68 kg''' is a competition featured at the 2024 European Wrestling Championships, and will held in Bucharest, Romania on February 14 and 15."
],
[
"Medalists",
"'''Gold''''''Silver''''''Bronze'''"
],
[
"Results",
"; Legend* '''F''' — Won by fall===Main bracket======Repechage==="
],
[
"Final standing",
"RankAthlete5 Khanum Velieva 57 Hanna Sadchanka 89101112131415"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Draw"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Theology and Social Theory"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Theology and Social Theory: Beyond Secular Reason''''' was a 1990 book by the English Anglican philosophical theologian John Milbank.",
"It has been argued that the book laid the groundwork for the radical orthodoxy movement."
],
[
"References",
"=== Footnotes ====== Bibliography ===* *"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Brigitte de Prémont"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Brigitte de Prémont''' (25 October 1935 – 11 February 2024) was a French politician of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP).De Prémont served as Mayor of Bellebrune from 1971 to 2014 and was a Deputy of the National Assembly from 1995 to 1997, serving in place of Philippe Vasseur for Pas-de-Calais's 3rd constituency.De Prémont died on 11 February 2024, at the age of 88."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Skirethorns"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Skirethorns''' is a hamlet in Wharfedale, North Yorkshire, England.",
"The hamlet is just west of the village of Threshfield, in the Yorkshire Dales National Park, some south of Kettlewell, and north of Skipton.",
"Threshfield Quarry is located north-west of the hamlet, and despite its name, it is located in Skirethorns."
],
[
"History",
"Evidence of the area around Skirethorns being settled by paleolithic man was discovered in the 1890s.",
"Skulls of reindeer, bison, and wolves were found in caves and barrows to the north of the hamlet.",
"A Roman Road was built through the area of Skirethorns which linked Settle with Grassington, and there is evidence of a Viking settlement at Hubba-Cove Heights, which is just to the west of the hamlet.Skirethorns is not mentioned in the Domesday Book (though nearby Threshfield is), and the name of the hamlet derives from a combination of Old Norse (''Skirr'') and Old English (''Thorn''), meaning ''The Bright Thorns''.",
"The hamlet, and also the wider area, have additionally been known by the alternative name of ''Skythorns''.Historically, Skirethorns was in the wapentake of Staincliffe East, the ecclesiastical district of Linton Falls, and in the Skipton Rural District, until 1974, when it was transferred from the West Riding of Yorkshire into North Yorkshire.",
"The hamlet lies within the parish of Threshfield, and is represented at Westminster as part of the Skipton and Ripon Constituency.",
"Until the boundary changes of 1974, the hamlet was part of the township of Threshfield, the village just to the east.",
"The Yorkshire Dales Landscape Sensitivity statement recommends that the land between Threshfield and Skirethorns remains undeveloped to preserve the rural setting and prevent the two settlements \"coalescing\".Between 1974 and 2023, Skirethorns was part of the Craven District of North Yorkshire.",
"Skirethorns is in the Yorkshire Dales National Park, and part of the Wharfedale landscape character area.",
"Skirethorns has about twenty houses, and its population is recorded as part of the Threshfield civil parish statistics.",
"There are just three listed buildings in Skirethorns; Bell Bank, Lane House, and Moss House, all of which are Grade II listed.There is one SSSI in the hamlet - Meadow Croft, a meadow covered in grasses.",
"It is listed under the alternative location of ''Skythorns''.=== Threshfield Quarry ===Threshfield QuarryDespite being named ''Threshfield Quarry'', this limestone working was actually located north-west of Skirethorns hamlet.",
"The quarry was opened out in 1900, and had a tramway long which connected it with the station area of railway station.",
"Products sent out included limestone, lime, for which five kilns were installed for roasting the limestone, and dolomite.",
"Since closure in the year 2000, the site has been open to the public, although the main lagoon was drained after it became an attraction for people to gather and swim in during the post COVID-19 lockdowns.",
"In 2010, the site was identified as a good location for a native white-clawed crayfish ark, with crayfish that were endangered on both the Aire and Wharfe catchment being removed to the ponds at Threshfield Quarry.",
"Broad-leaf woodland now fringes the edges of the quarry, and the effect of the quarry workings on the landscape has diminished since closure, with it now being less visually intrusive.Tyne Beck, which rises to the north of the quarry face, flows partly through the quarry and forms a waterfall during periods of heavy rain.",
"The beck becomes part of the Linton Catchment of the River Wharfe.Historically, until the arrival of the railways in Upper Wharfedale, coal was mined to the south-west of Skirethorns at Skythorns Pasture.",
"Lead was also mined here too."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Threshfield Quarry website* Map from 1957 showing the course of the old tramway from the quarry* Layout of the hamlet"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Punkadelic"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Punkadelic''' is an funk band from Philadelphia, PA.",
"It was formed as a collaboration between Rock and Roll Hall of Fame member Michael Hampton, the guitarist from Parliament-Funkadelic, and Chuck Treece, known for playing in bands such as McRad and Bad Brains.",
"Local guitar player Philip Smith rounded out the three-person lineup.With Hampton on guitar and Treece on bass and drums, Punkadelic performed both original music and Funkadelic covers in Philadelphia, Mexico, and live on the radio at WOCM Ocean 98 in Ocean City, Maryland.",
"In 2022, Punkadelic performed in Mount Holly, New Jersey for the local Jail House Rock music festival, joined on stage by members of the band shotty.",
"Punkadelic released 2 singles and an original EP titled Collective Consciousness in 2023."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Lafandar"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Lafandar''''' is the second studio album by American hip hop artist Heems and Indian-American producer Gaurav Napgal, also known as Lapgan.",
"It was released on February 16, 2024, through Veena Sounds and Mass Appeal India."
],
[
"Background",
"Following a six-year break from music, ''Lafandar'' sees a return for the rapper under his newly found label Veena Sounds.",
"The album is a collaboration project with Indian-American producer Lapgan, whose project ''History'' previously marked the first release on the label.",
"The producer incorporated various \"cinematic South Asian samples\" on the record that are set to compliment Heems' trademark \"laugh-out-loud wit\".",
"''Lafandar'' features guest appearances by Kool Keith, Open Mike Eagle, Quelle Chris, Your Old Droog, Saul Williams, Blu, Sid Sriram, and Sonnyjim.",
"On January 23, 2024, the rapper announced the album alongside the release of the lead single \"Accent\" featuring Williams.",
"On February 6, the rapper released the second single \"Sri Lanka\", a collaboration with Your Old Droog that sees them trading \"punchlines\"."
],
[
"Critical reception",
"Pranav Trewn at ''Stereogum'' awarded ''Lafandar'' the accolade \"album of the week\", saying that the collaboration resulted in Heem's \"most focused performance\" since his Das Racist days.",
"The rapper is not \"sending up the genre\" but brings \"it back down to earth\" and, as a result, delivers \"the ideal\" record he had been striving for \"since 2008\".",
"Trewn sees ''Lafandar'' as \"a landmark in the growing wave of Indo-Western hip-hop\" as well as a \"quintessential New York rap album\".",
"The editor also cites a broad soundscape with songs that \"draw from across continents\" as a work born from \"requisite ambition\", praising the production by Lapgan in particular."
],
[
"Track listing"
],
[
"Personnel",
"* Heems – vocals* Lapgan – production, programming* Ryan Rajagopal – mastering* Daniel Lynas – mixing"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 European Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 59 kg"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''women's freestyle 59 kg''' is a competition featured at the 2024 European Wrestling Championships, and will held in Bucharest, Romania on February 14 and 15."
],
[
"Medalists",
"'''Gold''''''Silver''''''Bronze'''"
],
[
"Results",
"; Legend* '''F''' — Won by fall===Main bracket======Repechage==="
],
[
"Final standing",
"RankAthlete Alesia Hetmanava 557 Ekaterina Poleshchuk 8910111213"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Draw"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Joseph McLaughlin (hurler)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Joseph McLaughlin''' (born 2005) is a Northern Irish hurler.",
"At club level he plays with Ruairí Óg and at inter-county level with the Antrim senior hurling team."
],
[
"Career",
"McLaughlin first played hurling at juvenile and underage levels with the Ruairí Óg club.",
"He also lined out as a schoolboy with St Killian's College and captained the team to the Mageean Cup after a 0–17 to 0–13 defeat of Cross and Passion College in the 2023 final.",
"McLaughlin made his senior team debut with Ruairí Óg in 2023.He ended the campaign with an Antrim SHC medal, before later claiming an Ulster Club SHC medal.McLaughlin first appeared on the inter-county scene during a two-year tenure with the Antrim minor hurling team in 2021 and 2022.He immediately progressed to the under-20 team and won an Ulster U20HC medal in 2023.McLaughlin made his first appearances for the senior team during the 2024 National Hurling League."
],
[
"Career statistics",
"TeamYearNational LeagueLeinsterAll-IrelandTotalDivisionAppsScoreAppsScoreAppsScoreAppsScoreAntrim2024Division 1B20-0100-0000-0020-01Career total20-0100-0000-0020-01"
],
[
"Honours",
";St Killian's College*Mageean Cup: 2023;Ruairí Óg*Ulster Senior Club Hurling Championship: 2023*Antrim Senior Hurling Championship: 2023;Antrim*Ulster Under-20 Hurling Championship: 2023"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Turgisio"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Turgisio''' (Italian: ''Trogisio, Troisio'') was a Norman knight who founded the '''House of Sanseverino'''."
],
[
"Biography",
"Turgiso was an alleged descendant of Rollo and the House of Normandy.Turgisio arrived in Italy in 1045 to serve the army of Robert Guiscard as a knight.",
"He was invested by Robert Guiscard with the county of Rota.",
"He came to rule over the lands of Bracigliano, Montemiletto, Montoro, a section of Roccapiemonte, and a castle in Cilento.Turgisio had the following children:* Ruggero, born 1081* Silvano, born 1087* Turgisio II, born 1104* Deletta, born 1104"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Serhiy Podolin"
],
[
"Introduction",
"''' Serhiy Viktorvych Podolin''' (Ukrainian: Сергій Вікторович Подолін; born on 4 January 1971), is a Ukrainian statesman, who had served as the acting governor of Rivne Oblast in 2023.He is currently serving as the first deputy governor of Rivne Oblast since 22 November 2019."
],
[
"Biography",
"Serhiy Podolin was born in Rivne on 4 January 1971.He graduated from high school No.",
"11 in Rivne.",
"In 1994, he graduated from the Kyiv State Polytechnic Institute, majoring in radio engineering, with the qualification of radio engineer.In 1994 to 2005, he worked in management positions at Kadet-SVS LLC in Rivne.From 2005 to 2007, he was the deputy head of the Rivne District State Administration.",
"In 2007, he was promoted to first deputy head, and then demoted to deputy head again in 2010.By that same year, he obtained a master's degree in public administration at the Lviv Regional Institute of Public Administration of the National Academy of Public Administration under the President of Ukraine.He had been a member of the Rivne City Council of the 4th convocation, and the Rivne District Council of the 5th and 7th convocations.On 22 November 2019, Polodin became the first deputy head of the Rivne Regional State Administration.On 21 November 2023, Pololdin became the acting governor of Rivne Oblast.",
"He was succeeded by Oleksandr Koval"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 European Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 55 kg"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''women's freestyle 55 kg''' is a competition featured at the 2024 European Wrestling Championships, and will held in Bucharest, Romania on February 14 and 15."
],
[
"Medalists",
"'''Gold''''''Silver''''''Bronze'''"
],
[
"Results",
"; Legend* '''F''' — Won by fall===Main bracket======Repechage==="
],
[
"Final standing",
"RankAthlete557 Aleksandra Skirenko 89101112"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Draw"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"List of Beta Alpha Psi chapters"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Following is a list of chapters and active petitioning chapters (colonies) of Beta Alpha Psi, an international accounting honor society.",
"Active chapters are indicated in '''bold'''.",
"Inactive chapters are in ''italics''.",
"'''#''''''Chapter'''Charter date'''Institution''''''Location'''StatusReferences1'''Alpha'''University of IllinoisChampaign, IllinoisActive2'''Beta'''University of OregonEugene, OregonActive3''Gamma''Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IllinoisInactive4'''Delta'''University of WashingtonSeattle, WashingtonActive5'''Epsilon'''Oregon State UniversityCorvallis, OregonActive6'''Zeta'''University of North DakotaGrand Forks, North DakotaActive7''Eta'' – 1929Boston UniversityBoston, MassachusettsInactive8''Theta''University of TexasAustin, TexasInactive9'''Iota'''University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CaliforniaActive10''Kappa''1927–1939College of William & MaryWilliamsburg, VirginiaInactive11'''Lambda'''University of California, BerkeleyBerkeley, CaliforniaActive12'''Mu'''1927New York UniversityNew York City, New YorkActive13'''Nu'''1927University of Colorado BoulderBoulder, ColoradoActive14'''Xi'''1929Syracuse UniversitySyracuse, New YorkActive15'''Omicron'''1929Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OhioActive16'''Pi'''1930Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OhioActive17''Rho''1931University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MinnesotaInactive18'''Sigma'''1932University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadison, WisconsinActive19''Tau''1936University of MarylandCollege Park, MarylandInactive20'''Upsilon'''1938University of FloridaGainesville, FloridaActive21'''Phi'''1939Louisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge, LouisianaActive22'''Chi'''1939Oklahoma State University–StillwaterStillwater, OklahomaActive23'''Psi'''1942Marquette UniversityMilwaukee, WisconsinActive24'''Omega'''1942Miami UniversityOxford, OhioActiveAlpha AlphaUnassigned25'''Alpha Beta'''1948University of AlabamaTuscaloosa, AlabamaActive26'''Alpha Gamma'''1949Baruch CollegeNew York City, New YorkActive27''Alpha Delta''1949University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaInactive28''Alpha Epsilon''1950Southern Methodist UniversityDallas, TexasInactive29'''Alpha Zeta'''1950University of DenverDenver, ColoradoActive30''Alpha Eta''1951University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MichiganInactive31'''Alpha Theta'''1951University of MississippiOxford, MississippiActive32'''Alpha Iota'''1951University of ArkansasFayetteville, ArkansasActive33'''Alpha Kappa'''1952Ohio UniversityAthens, OhioActive34'''Alpha Lambda'''1951University of TennesseeKnoxville, TennesseeActive35'''Alpha Mu'''1952University of KentuckyLexington, KentuckyActive36'''Alpha Nu'''1953Creighton UniversityOmaha, NebraskaActive37'''Alpha Xi'''1954University of Detroit MercyDetroit, MichiganActive38''Alpha Omicron''1954Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MichiganInactive39'''Alpha Pi'''1954University of IowaIowa City, IowaActive40''Alpha Rho''1955–202x ?Baylor UniversityWaco, TexasInactive41'''Alpha Sigma'''1955University of CincinnatiCincinnati, OhioActive42''Alpha Tau''1955–1967University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PennsylvaniaInactive43'''Alpha Upsilon'''1955Bowling Green State UniversityBowling Green, OhioActive44'''Alpha Phi'''1956Temple UniversityPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaActive45'''Alpha Chi'''1956Louisiana Tech UniversityRuston, LouisianaActive46'''Alpha Psi'''1957West Virginia UniversityMorgantown, West VirginiaActive47'''Alpha Omega'''1957Fordham UniversityNew York City, New YorkActive48'''Beta Alpha'''1957Indiana University BloomingtonBloomington, IndianaActiveBeta BetaUnassigned49'''Beta Gamma'''1958DePaul UniversityChicago, IllinoisActive50''Beta Delta''1959Texas Tech UniversityLubbock, TexasInactive51'''Beta Epsilon'''1959Lehigh UniversityBethlehem, PennsylvaniaActive52'''Beta Zeta'''1960Loyola University New OrleansNew Orleans, LouisianaActive53'''Beta Eta'''1960San Diego State UniversitySan Diego, CaliforniaActive54'''Beta Theta'''1960Pennsylvania State UniversityState College and College Township, PennsylvaniaActive55'''Beta Iota'''1960Loyola University ChicagoChicago, IllinoisActive56'''Beta Kappa'''1960Mississippi State UniversityStarkville, MississippiActive57'''Beta Lambda'''1961California State University, Los AngelesLos Angeles, CaliforniaActive58'''Beta Mu'''1961Georgia State University School of AccountancyAtlanta, GeorgiaActive59'''Beta Nu'''1961Tulane UniversityNew Orleans, LouisianaActive60'''Beta Xi'''1961University of MiamiCoral Gables, FloridaActive61'''Beta Omicron'''1961University of ArizonaTucson, ArizonaActive62'''Beta Pi'''1962University of North TexasDenton, TexasActive63'''Beta Rho'''1962Florida State UniversityTallahassee, FloridaActive64'''Beta Sigma'''1962University of Notre DameNotre Dame, IndianaActive65'''Beta Tau'''1963–19xx ?",
"; 2005Arizona State UniversityTempe, ArizonaActive66'''Beta Upsilon'''1963University of GeorgiaAthens, GeorgiaActive67'''Beta Phi'''1964California State University, SacramentoSacramento, CaliforniaActive68'''Beta Chi'''1964San Francisco State UniversitySan Francisco, CaliforniaActive69'''Beta Psi'''1964Kent State UniversityKent, OhioActive70''Beta Omega''1965Texas Christian UniversityFort Worth, TexasInactive71'''Gamma Alpha'''1964Brigham Young UniversityProvo, UtahActive72'''Gamma Beta'''1965University of South CarolinaColumbia, South CarolinaActiveGamma GammaUnassigned73'''Gamma Delta'''1966University of HoustonHouston, TexasActive74'''Gamma Epsilon'''1966University of ToledoToledo, OhioActive75'''Gamma Zeta'''1966Southern Illinois University CarbondaleCarbondale, IllinoisActive76'''Gamma Eta'''1967University of AkronAkron, OhioActive77'''Gamma Theta'''1967University of MissouriColumbia, MissouriActive78''Gamma Iota''1967–1971University of California, Los AngelesLos Angeles, CaliforniaInactive79'''Gamma Kappa'''1967University of Nebraska OmahaOmaha, NebraskaActive80'''Gamma Lambda'''1967Virginia TechBlacksburg, VirginiaActive81'''Gamma Mu'''1967Drake UniversityDes Moines, IowaActive82'''Gamma Nu'''1968Northeastern UniversityBoston, MassachusettsActive83'''Gamma Xi'''1969San Jose State UniversitySan Jose, CaliforniaActive84'''Gamma Omicron'''1969California State University, FresnoFresno, CaliforniaActive85'''Gamma Pi'''1971Northern Illinois UniversityDeKalb, IllinoisActive86'''Gamma Rho'''1971Western Michigan UniversityKalamazoo, MichiganActive87'''Gamma Sigma'''1971University of New OrleansNew Orleans, LouisianaActive88'''Gamma Tau'''1971Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, ColoradoActive89'''Gamma Upsilon'''1971University of Rhode IslandKingston, Rhode IslandActive90'''Gamma Phi'''1971University of Texas at ArlingtonArlington, TexasActive91'''Gamma Chi'''1971University of MemphisMemphis, TennesseeActive92'''Gamma Psi'''1972University of Missouri–St.",
"LouisSt.",
"Louis, MissouriActive93'''Gamma Omega'''1972California State University, Long BeachLong Beach, CaliforniaActive94'''Delta Alpha'''1972University of WyomingLaramie, WyomingActive95'''Delta Beta'''1972California State University, FullertonFullerton, CaliforniaActive96'''Delta Gamma'''1972University of South FloridaTampa, FloridaActiveDelta DeltaUnassigned97'''Delta Epsilon'''1973Washington State UniversityPullman, WashingtonActive98'''Delta Zeta'''1973California State University, ChicoChico, CaliforniaActive99'''Delta Eta'''1973Seattle UniversitySeattle, WashingtonActive100'''Delta Theta'''1974University of Hawaiʻi at MānoaMānoa, Honolulu, HawaiiActive101''Delta Iota''1974Inactive102'''Delta Kappa'''1974University of MontanaMissoula, MontanaActive103'''Delta Lambda'''1974New Mexico State UniversityLas Cruces, New MexicoActive104''Delta Mu''1975University of VirginiaCharlottesville, VirginiaInactive105'''Delta Nu'''1975University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherst, MassachusettsActive106'''Delta Xi'''1975Texas Southern UniversityHouston, TexasActive107'''Delta Omicron'''1976University of Nebraska–LincolnLincoln, NebraskaActive108'''Delta Pi'''1976Hofstra UniversityHempstead, New YorkActive109'''Delta Rho'''1976Pacific Lutheran UniversityParkland, WashingtonActive110'''Delta Sigma'''1976Eastern Washington UniversityCheney, WashingtonActive111''Delta Tau''1976Drexel UniversityPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaInactive112'''Delta Upsilon'''1977Northern Arizona UniversityFlagstaff, ArizonaActive113''Delta Phi''1977Inactive114'''Delta Chi'''1977University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AlabamaActive115'''Delta Psi'''1977Cleveland State UniversityCleveland, OhioActive116'''Delta Omega'''1977Utah State UniversityLogan, UtahActive117'''Epsilon Alpha'''1977Portland State UniversityPortland, OregonActive118'''Epsilon Beta'''1977University of South AlabamaMobile, AlabamaActive119'''Epsilon Gamma'''1977University of Central FloridaOrlando, FloridaActive120'''Epsilon Delta'''1977University of Missouri–Kansas CityKansas City, MissouriActiveEpsilon EpsilonUnassigned121'''Epsilon Zeta'''1977Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VirginiaActive122''Epsilon Eta''197x ?Inactive123'''Epsilon Theta'''1978Kansas State UniversityManhattan, KansasActive124'''Epsilon Iota'''1978University of San FranciscoSan Francisco, CaliforniaActive125'''Epsilon Kappa'''1978Appalachian State UniversityBoone, North CarolinaActive126'''Epsilon Lambda'''1978University of ConnecticutStorrs, ConnecticutActive127'''Epsilon Mu'''1978Stephen F. Austin State UniversityNacogdoches, TexasActive128'''Epsilon Nu'''1978Murray State UniversityMurray, KentuckyActive129'''Epsilon Xi'''1978University of UtahSalt Lake City, UtahActive130'''Epsilon Omicron'''1978Auburn UniversityAuburn, AlabamaActive131'''Epsilon Pi'''1979University of Arkansas at Little RockLittle Rock, ArkansasActive132'''Epsilon Rho'''1979University of Wisconsin–WhitewaterWhitewater, WisconsinActive133'''Epsilon Sigma'''1979George Washington UniversityWashington, D.C.Active134'''Epsilon Tau'''1979Wichita State UniversityWichita, KansasActive135'''Epsilon Upsilon'''1979Emory University Goizueta Business SchoolAtlanta, GeorgiaActive136'''Epsilon Phi'''1979Wayne State UniversityDetroit, MichiganActive137'''Epsilon Chi'''1979California State University, NorthridgeLos Angeles, CaliforniaActive138'''Epsilon Psi'''1979California State University, East BayHayward, CaliforniaActive139'''Epsilon Omega'''1980Eastern Michigan UniversityYpsilanti, MichiganActive140'''Zeta Alpha'''1980Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IndianaActive141'''Zeta Beta'''1980Western Illinois UniversityMacomb, IllinoisActive142'''Zeta Gamma'''1980Middle Tennessee State UniversityMurfreesboro, TennesseeActive143'''Zeta Delta'''1980Georgia Southern UniversityStatesboro, GeorgiaActive144'''Zeta Epsilon'''1981Texas A&M University–CommerceCommerce, TexasActiveZeta ZetaUnassigned145'''Zeta Eta'''1981–19xx ?",
";2017Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, New YorkActive146'''Zeta Theta'''1981University at BuffaloBuffalo, New YorkActive147'''Zeta Iota'''1981University of Nevada, RenoReno, NevadaActive148'''Zeta Kappa'''1981University of San DiegoSan Diego, CaliforniaActive149'''Zeta Lambda'''1981Bradley UniversityPeoria, IllinoisActive150'''Zeta Mu'''1982University of Southern MississippiHattiesburg, MississippiActive151'''Zeta Nu'''1982Saint Louis UniversitySt.",
"Louis, MissouriActive152'''Zeta Xi'''1982Seton Hall UniversitySouth Orange, New JerseyActive153'''Zeta Omicron'''1982University of Wisconsin–Eau ClaireEau Claire, WisconsinActive154'''Zeta Pi'''1982Old Dominion UniversityNorfolk, VirginiaActive155'''Zeta Rho'''1983Clemson UniversityClemson, South CarolinaActive156'''Zeta Sigma'''1983North Carolina A&T State UniversityGreensboro, North CarolinaActive157'''Zeta Tau'''1983Lamar UniversityBeaumont, TexasActive158'''Zeta Upsilon'''1983University of Houston–Clear LakePasadena and Houston, TexasActive159'''Zeta Phi'''1983Tennessee TechCookeville, TennesseeActive160'''Zeta Chi'''1984University of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboro, North CarolinaActive161'''Zeta Psi'''1984Boise State UniversityBoise, IdahoActive162'''Zeta Omega'''1984Ball State UniversityMuncie, IndianaActive163'''Eta Alpha'''1984University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotte, North CarolinaActive164'''Eta Beta'''1984University of Texas at San AntonioSan Antonio, TexasActive165'''Eta Gamma'''1984University of LouisvilleLouisville, KentuckyActive166'''Eta Delta'''1985James Madison UniversityHarrisonburg, VirginiaActive167'''Eta Epsilon'''1985Central Michigan UniversityMount Pleasant, MichiganActive168'''Eta Zeta'''1985University of DaytonDayton, OhioActiveEta EtaUnassigned169'''Eta Theta'''1985University of Wisconsin–MilwaukeeMilwaukee, WisconsinActive170'''Eta Iota'''1986Florida International UniversityMiami, FloridaActive171'''Eta Kappa'''1986University of Tennessee at ChattanoogaChattanooga, TennesseeActive172'''Eta Lambda'''1986Idaho State UniversityPocatello, IdahoActive173'''Eta Mu'''1986St.",
"John's UniversityNew York City, New YorkActive174'''Eta Nu'''1987Howard UniversityWashington, D.C.Active175'''Eta Xi'''1988University of Michigan–FlintFlint, MichiganActive176'''Eta Omicron'''1988Western Kentucky UniversityBowling Green, KentuckyActive177'''Eta Pi'''1990University at Albany, SUNYAlbany, New YorkActive178'''Eta Rho'''1990University of TulsaTulsa, OklahomaActive179'''Eta Sigma'''1990University of Louisiana at MonroeMonroe, LouisianaActive180'''Eta Tau'''1990Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca Raton, FloridaActive181'''Eta Upsilon'''1991Loyola University MarylandBaltimore, MarylandActive182'''Eta Phi'''1991Oakland UniversityOakland County, MichiganActive183'''Eta Chi'''1991Montana State UniversityBozeman, MontanaActive184'''Eta Psi'''1991Wright State UniversityFairborn, OhioActive185'''Eta Omega'''1992East Tennessee State UniversityJohnson City, TennesseeActive186'''Theta Alpha'''1992George Mason UniversityFairfax, VirginiaActive187'''Theta Beta'''1992University of Texas at El PasoEl Paso, TexasActive188'''Theta Gamma'''1992Bentley UniversityWaltham, MassachusettsActive189'''Theta Delta'''1993Suffolk UniversityBoston, MassachusettsActive190'''Theta Epsilon'''1993Indiana State UniversityTerre Haute, IndianaActive191'''Theta Zeta'''1993Millsaps CollegeJackson, MississippiActive192'''Theta Eta'''1993Southeastern Louisiana UniversityHammond, LouisianaActiveTheta ThetaUnassigned193'''Theta Iota'''1993University of BaltimoreBaltimore, MarylandActive194'''Theta Kappa'''1994University of Illinois ChicagoChicago, IllinoisActive195'''Theta Lambda'''1994University of Central ArkansasConway, ArkansasActive196'''Theta Mu'''1994Rutgers University–New BrunswickNew Brunswick and Piscataway, New JerseyActive197'''Theta Nu'''1994Fort Lewis CollegeDurango, ColoradoActive198'''Theta Xi'''1994University of New MexicoAlbuquerque, New MexicoActive199'''Theta Omicron'''1994University of Nevada, Las VegasParadise, NevadaActive200'''Theta Pi'''1995Missouri State UniversitySpringfield, MissouriActive201'''Theta Rho'''1995Binghamton UniversityBinghamton, New YorkActive202'''Theta Sigma'''1995University of Colorado DenverDenver, ColoradoActive203'''Theta Tau'''1995Weber State UniversityOgden, UtahActive204'''Theta Upsilon'''1996University of South DakotaVermillion, South DakotaActive205'''Theta Phi'''1996Western Washington UniversityBellingham, WashingtonActive206'''Theta Chi'''1996Duquesne UniversityPittsburgh, PennsylvaniaActive207'''Theta Psi'''1996University of Northern ColoradoGreeley, ColoradoActive208'''Theta Omega'''1997Eastern Illinois UniversityCharleston, IllinoisActive209'''Iota Alpha'''1997University of North Carolina WilmingtonWilmington, North CarolinaActive210'''Iota Beta'''1997Iowa State UniversityAmes, IowaActive211'''Iota Gamma'''1997University of IdahoMoscow, IdahoActive212'''Iota Delta'''1997Gonzaga UniversitySpokane, WashingtonActive214'''Iota Zeta'''1997Towson UniversityTowson, MarylandActive215'''Iota Eta'''1997California State University, San BernardinoSan Bernardino, CaliforniaActive216'''Iota Theta'''1998University of Alabama in HuntsvilleHuntsville, AlabamaActiveIota IotaUnassigned217'''Iota Kappa'''1998University of the PacificStockton, CaliforniaActive218'''Iota Lambda'''1998Pace UniversityNew York City, New YorkActive219'''Iota Mu'''1998University of Central MissouriWarrensburg, MissouriActive220'''Iota Nu'''1998University of OklahomaNorman, OklahomaActive221'''Iota Xi'''1998East Carolina UniversityGreenville, North CarolinaActive222''Iota Omicron''1998Inactive223'''Iota Pi'''1998Salisbury UniversitySalisbury, MarylandActive224'''Iota Rho'''1999University of Wisconsin–OshkoshOshkosh, WisconsinActive225'''Iota Sigma'''1999Nicholls State UniversityThibodaux, LouisianaActive226'''Iota Tau'''1999Kennesaw State UniversityCobb County, GeorgiaActive227'''Iota Upsilon'''1999University of Wisconsin–La CrosseLa Crosse, WisconsinActive228'''Iota Phi'''1999University of West FloridaPensacola, FloridaActive229'''Iota Chi'''2000California State Polytechnic University, PomonaPomona, CaliforniaActive230'''Iota Psi'''2000Fairfield UniversityFairfield, ConnecticutActive231'''Iota Omega'''2000North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, North CarolinaActive232'''Kappa Alpha'''2000Morgan State UniversityBaltimore, MarylandActive233'''Kappa Beta'''2000Grand Valley State UniversityAllendale, MichiganActive234'''Kappa Gamma'''2000Rutgers University–CamdenCamden, New JerseyActive235'''Kappa Delta'''2000Illinois State UniversityNormal, IllinoisActive236'''Kappa Epsilon'''2000Rider UniversityLawrence Township, New JerseyActive237'''Kappa Zeta'''2001St.",
"John's University Staten Island CampusStaten Island, New YorkActive238'''Kappa Eta'''2001Texas State UniversitySan Marcos, TexasActive239'''Kappa Theta'''2001University of Louisiana at LafayetteLafayette, LouisianaActive240'''Kappa Iota'''2001Widener UniversityChester, PennsylvaniaActiveKappa KappaUnassigned241'''Kappa Lambda'''2001Southern Illinois University EdwardsvilleEdwardsville, IllinoisActive242'''Kappa Mu'''2001Sam Houston State UniversityHuntsville, TexasActive243'''Kappa Nu'''2001Truman State UniversityKirksville, MissouriActive244'''Kappa Xi'''2002Youngstown State UniversityYoungstown, OhioActive245'''Kappa Omicron'''2002LIU PostBrookville, New YorkActive246'''Kappa Pi'''2002Samford UniversityHomewood, AlabamaActive247'''Kappa Rho'''2002Winthrop UniversityRock Hill, South CarolinaActive248'''Kappa Sigma'''2003University of Michigan–DearbornDearborn, MichiganActiveKappa TauUnassigned249'''Kappa Upsilon'''2003University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PennsylvaniaActive250'''Kappa Phi'''2003Marshall UniversityHuntington, West VirginiaActive251'''Kappa Chi'''2003Western Illinois University ‐ Quad CitiesMoline, IllinoisActive253'''Kappa Omega'''2004Villanova UniversityVillanova, PennsylvaniaActive254'''Lambda Alpha'''2004University of KansasLawrence, KansasActive255'''Lambda Beta'''2004University of TampaTampa, FloridaActive256'''Lambda Gamma'''2004Pittsburg State UniversityPittsburg, KansasActive257'''Lambda Delta'''2005Stetson UniversityDeLand, FloridaActive259'''Lambda Zeta'''2005State University of New York at OswegoOswego, New YorkActive260'''Lambda Eta'''2005Marist CollegePoughkeepsie, New YorkActive261'''Lambda Theta'''2005South Carolina State UniversityOrangeburg, South CarolinaActive262'''Lambda Iota'''2005Northern Michigan UniversityMarquette, MichiganActive263'''Lambda Kappa'''2005Coastal Carolina UniversityConway, South CarolinaActiveLambda LambdaUnassigned264'''Lambda Mu'''2006University of Southern IndianaEvansville, IndianaActive265'''Lambda Nu'''2006Belmont UniversityNashville, TennesseeActive266'''Lambda Xi'''2006Elon UniversityElon, North CarolinaActive267'''Lambda Omicron'''2006University of Texas at DallasRichardson, TexasActive268'''Lambda Pi'''2006Manhattan CollegeBronx, New York City, New YorkActive269'''Lambda Rho'''2006California State University, StanislausTurlock, CaliforniaActive270'''Lambda Sigma'''2006University of California, Los AngelesLos Angeles, CaliforniaActiveLambda TauUnassigned271'''Lambda Upsilon'''2006Seattle Pacific UniversitySeattle, WashingtonActive272'''Lambda Phi'''2006Georgia College & State UniversityMilledgeville, GeorgiaActive273'''Lambda Chi'''2007Niagara UniversityLewiston, New YorkActive274'''Lambda Psi'''2007Emporia State UniversityEmporia, KansasActive275'''Lambda Omega'''2008University of Sydney ‐ AustraliaSydney, AustraliaActive276'''Mu Alpha'''2008Ithaca CollegeIthaca, New YorkActive277'''Mu Beta'''2008College of CharlestonCharleston, South CarolinaActive278'''Mu Delta'''2009Ohio Northern UniversityAda, OhioActive279'''Mu Gamma'''2009University of South Florida St. PetersburgSt.",
"Petersburg, FloridaActive280''Mu Epsilon''2009Inactive281'''Mu Zeta'''2009Valdosta State UniversityValdosta, GeorgiaActive282'''Mu Eta'''2009The College of New JerseyEwing Township, New JerseyActive283'''Mu Theta'''2009Tennessee State UniversityNashville, TennesseeActive284'''The Auckland''''''(Mu Iota)'''2009University of Auckland Business SchoolAuckland, New ZealandActive285'''Mu Kappa'''2009University of Texas at TylerTyler, TexasActive286'''Mu Lambda'''2010Florida Gulf Coast UniversityFort Myers, FloridaActiveMu MuUnassigned287'''Mu Nu'''2010University of Nebraska at KearneyKearney, NebraskaActive288'''Mu Xi'''2010Southeast Missouri State UniversityCape Girardeau, MissouriActive289'''Mu Omicron'''2010Washburn UniversityTopeka, KansasActive290'''Mu Pi'''2011Utah Valley UniversityOrem, UtahActive291''Mu Rho''2011Inactive292''Mu Sigma''2011Inactive293'''Mu Upsilon'''2011Adelphi UniversityGarden City, New YorkActive294'''Mu Phi'''2012University of Massachusetts DartmouthDartmouth, MassachusettsActive295'''Mu Chi'''2012University of HartfordWest Hartford, ConnecticutActive296'''Mu Psi'''2012University of Washington BothellBothell, WashingtonActive297'''Mu Omega'''2013Stonehill CollegeEaston, MassachusettsActive298'''Nu Alpha'''2013Quinnipiac UniversityHamden, ConnecticutActive299'''Nu Beta'''2013Radford UniversityRadford, VirginiaActive300'''Nu Gamma'''2013University of North GeorgiaDahlonega, GeorgiaActive301'''Nu Delta'''2013Western Carolina UniversityCullowhee, North CarolinaActive302'''Upsilon Tau Sigma'''2013University of Technology SydneySydney, AustraliaActive303'''Nu Epsilon'''2013Central Washington UniversityEllensburg, WashingtonActive304'''Nu Zeta'''2014West Chester UniversityWest Chester, PennsylvaniaActive305'''Nu Theta'''2014Washington State University VancouverVancouver, WashingtonActive306'''Waikato'''2014University of WaikatoHamilton, New ZealandActive307'''Nu Iota'''2015Washington University in St. LouisSt.",
"Louis County, MissouriActive308'''Victoria Wellington'''2015Victoria University of WellingtonWellington, New ZealandActive309'''Nu Eta'''2013University of Arkansas–Fort SmithFort Smith, ArkansasActive310'''Nu Kappa'''2015University of ScrantonScranton, PennsylvaniaActive311'''Nu Lambda'''2016Roger Williams UniversityBristol, Rhode IslandActive312'''Nu Mu'''2016Washington and Lee UniversityLexington, VirginiaActiveNu NuUnassigned313'''Nu Xi'''2016Siena CollegeLoudonville, New YorkActive314'''Nu Omicron'''2016Iona UniversityNew Rochelle, New YorkActive315'''Nu Pi'''2016University of California, IrvineIrvine, CaliforniaActive316'''Nu Rho'''2016University of California, RiversideRiverside, CaliforniaActive317'''Nu Sigma'''2016Fairleigh Dickinson UniversityMadison, New JerseyActiveNu TauUnassigned318'''Nu Upsilon'''2017Mercer UniversityMacon, GeorgiaActive319'''Nu Phi'''2016Jacksonville State UniversityJacksonville, AlabamaActive320'''Nu Chi'''2017Minnesota State University MankatoMankato, MinnesotaActive321'''Nu Psi'''2017Prairie View A&M UniversityPrairie View, TexasActive322'''Nu Omega'''2017University of PortlandPortland, OregonActive323'''Xi Alpha'''2017University of South Carolina UpstateValley Falls, South CarolinaActive324'''Xi Beta'''2017Purdue University NorthwestHammond and Westville, IndianaActive325'''Xi Gamma'''2018Auburn University at MontgomeryMontgomery, AlabamaActive326'''Xi Delta'''2018Robert Morris UniversityMoon Township, PennsylvaniaActive327'''Xi Epsilon'''2018Monash UniversityMelbourne, AustraliaActive328'''Xi Zeta'''2018University of North AlabamaFlorence, AlabamaActive329'''Xi Theta'''2018Rowan UniversityGlassboro, New JerseyActive330'''Xi Iota'''2019Ramapo CollegeMahwah, New JerseyActive331'''Xi Eta'''2019University of North FloridaJacksonville, FloridaActive332'''Xi Kappa'''2017Deakin UniversityMelbourne, AustraliaActive333'''Xi Lambda'''2019University of MelbourneMelbourne, AustraliaActive335'''Xi Nu'''2020Northwestern State UniversityNatchitoches, LouisianaActiveXi XiUnassigned336'''Xi Omicron'''2020Central Connecticut State UniversityNew Britain, ConnecticutActive337'''Xi Pi'''2021Simmons UniversityBoston, MassachusettsActive338'''Xi Rho'''2021King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi ArabiaActive339'''Xi Sigma'''2022Swinburne University of TechnologyHawthorn, Victoria, AustraliaActive340'''Xi Tau'''2022The CitadelCharleston, South CarolinaActive341'''Xi Upsilon'''2023Whitworth UniversitySpokane, WashingtonActive342'''Xi Phi'''2023University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburg, TexasActive342'''Xi Chi'''2023Troy UniversityTroy, AlabamaActive1402University of New HavenWest Haven, ConnecticutColony1419University of California, San DiegoSan Diego, CaliforniaColony1421University of New HampshireDurham, New HampshireColony1423Indiana University EastRichmond, IndianaColony1425Stony Brook UniversityStony Brook, New YorkColony1426Angelo State UniversitySan Angelo, TexasColony1427Clark UniversityWorcester, MassachusettsColony1428University of South Carolina AikenAiken, South CarolinaColony1429King's CollegeWilkes-Barre, PennsylvaniaColony1430Arkansas State UniversityJonesboro, ArkansasColony1431Bucknell UniversityLewisburg, PennsylvaniaColony1432Nova Southeastern UniversityFort Lauderdale-Davie, FloridaColony"
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Beta Alpha Psi website"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"How to Read Numbers"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''How to Read Numbers: A Guide to Statistics in the News (and Knowing When to Trust Them)''''' is a 2021 British book by Tom and David Chivers.",
"It describes misleading uses of statistics in the news, with contemporary examples about the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare, politics and crime.",
"The book was conceived by the authors, who were cousins, in early 2020.It received positive reviews for its readability, engagingness, accessibility to non-mathematicians and applicability to journalistic writing."
],
[
"Background",
"Tom and David Chivers, cousins, wrote a proposal for the book in the first months of 2020 after complaining to each other about a news story with poor interpretation of numerical data.",
"The proposal used a case study of deaths at a university that was cut from the final book and briefly mentioned the incoming COVID-19 pandemic.",
"At the time of writing, Tom Chivers was a science editor for ''UnHerd''—winning Statistical Excellence in Journalism Awards from the RSS in 2018 and 2020—and author of one previous book, ''The Rationalist's Guide to the Galaxy''.",
"David Chivers was an assistant professor of economics at the University of Durham.",
"Tom Chivers viewed journalists as more literate than numerate and incentivised to make information sound dramatic; David Chivers said the \"publish or perish\" motivation in academia could have a similar effect.The authors believed statistics could be given more prominence in school curricula and that numerical understanding should be viewed like literacy.",
"Tom Chivers received some feedback from school and university teachers that they had use the book in their teaching.",
"David Chivers said it was common to view maths as calculations rather than as interpretation of what numerical information means in context.The book was released in March 2021.It concludes with a \"statistical style guide\", recommended for journalists.",
"The authors presented this at the ''Significance'' lecture in 2021."
],
[
"Synopsis",
"An introduction outlines why the authors believe interpreting statistics is an important skill, with COVID-19 pandemic information to illustrate this.",
"Each chapter covers a misleading use of statistics that can be found in the news:# Simpson's paradox, a type of ecological fallacy, means that an average like the basic reproduction number of SARS-CoV-2 can disguise a different trend in subgroups.# Anecdotal evidence can guide individual decision-making but extraordinary anecdotes are more likely to be reported, such as for claimed effectiveness of alternative medicine.# Small sample sizes from normal distributions can only measure large effect sizes.# Biased samples can be reweighted to be representative, but polls are often not reweighted.# Hypothesis testing shows statistical significance when the hypothesis is determined before data collection; ''p''-hacking such as that of Brian Wansink misuse this framework.# Studies with small effect sizes should not be used to make major lifestyle changes, though they may be important to scientific understanding.# Confounders must be controlled for to determine causality: while ice cream and deaths by drowning positively correlate, neither causes the other.",
"Some studies found \"sensation seeking\" as a confounder for vaping and smoking marijuana.# Observational studies show correlation, not causation.",
"Randomised controlled trials can measure causality; natural experiments or instrumental variables may be used where this is infeasible.# Large numbers do not indicate high frequency without knowledge of a population size, as in misleading reports of cycling deaths, murders committed by undocumented migrants or money sent to the European Union when the UK was a member state.# The false positive paradox, a consequence of Bayes' theorem, yields unexpected conclusions: for instance, a person's likelihood of having SARS-CoV-2 after a positive test result varies according to its prevalence in the population.# Relative risk can make sound more alarming than absolute risk, which is often omitted from news reports: for instance, an 18% increase in seizures could be an increase from 0.024% to 0.028%.# Measurement changes can cause inaccurate perception of trends: for example, widening of DSM criteria led to an increased proportion of the population who were diagnosed with autism; increased crime statistics can follow falls in prevalence but higher reporting rates.# With GDP and PISA rankings as case studies, changes in ranking position are not always statistically significant.# Individual studies should be contextualised, as in literature studies and meta-analyses, but are often reported in isolation in the news.",
"This can lead scientific consensus on health to appear more changeable than in reality.",
"The ''Lancet'' MMR autism fraud was amplified by lack of contextualisation.# Publication bias – which can be detected with a funnel plot – leads to overrepresentation of studies that report a correlation or large effect size.",
"Daryl Bem's claimed evidence of effect preceding cause is used as an example.# For data that regularly fluctuates, such as the weather, extreme values as starting points can be used to disguise trends or create false trends.# Confidence intervals measure uncertainty and Brier scores measure how useful a forecast is over many predictions, rather than over a single prediction that may seem wrong—such as rain occurring when a forecast said there was a 5% chance of rain.# It is important to know the assumptions made by a model, as some can drastically change the resultant forecast.",
"For instance, predictions of COVID-19 pandemic deaths differ based on whether they model unchanged human behaviour or compliance with lockdowns.# The Texas sharpshooter fallacy can make one prediction seem incredibly accurate in hindsight after many diverse predictions are made, such as of the 2007–2008 financial crisis and the 2017 UK hung parliament result.# Identifying patterns by selecting for the dependent variable is survivorship bias, such as concluding what makes a company successful by studying only successful companies.# Collider variables, opposite to confounders, can yield false results if controlled for.",
"If entrance to a college is predicated on either high academic scores or sporting achievement then the student population may show a negative correlation between academic and sporting success where none exists in the population.# Goodhart's law—\"when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure\"—can be seen in healthcare, politics and education.The authors end with a recommended \"statistical style guide\" for journalists."
],
[
"Reception",
"In a nomination for ''Chalkdust''s 2021 Book of the Year, a reviewer lauded the \"readable and enjoyable\" brevity of chapters, the clarity and conciseness of explanations and the utility for non-mathematicians.",
"Writing in ''The Big Issue'', Stephen Bush approved of its light tone, informativeness and separation of expository mathematical material into optional sections.",
"Vivek Kaul of ''Mint'' praised its simplicity and the importance of the final chapter.Martin Chilton recommended the book in ''The Independent'' as informative and enjoyable, saying that the Chivers \"make sense of dense material and offer engrossing insights\".",
"In ''The Times'', Manjit Kumar described that \"the authors do a splendid job of stringing words together so smartly that even difficult concepts are explained and understood with deceptive ease\".",
"Rainer Hank of ''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'' said that he had learned much from the book and that such engaging educational materials, with little mathematical knowledge required, could lead to better journalism."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Further reading",
"* *"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"The Widow's Vow"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''The Widow's Vow''''' is a 1786 comedy play by the English writer Elizabeth Inchbald.",
"A farce, it premiered as an afterpiece at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket on 20 June 1786.The original cast included William Parsons as Don Antonio, John Bannister as Marquis, Robert Palmer as Carlos, John Edwin as Jerome and Mary Wells as Flora.",
"The playwright Thomas Holcroft wrote the prologue."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* Greene, John C. ''Theatre in Dublin, 1745-1820: A Calendar of Performances, Volume 6''.",
"Lexington Books, 2011.",
"* Jenkins, Annibel.",
"''I'll Tell You What: The Life of Elizabeth Inchbald''.",
"University Press of Kentucky, 2021.",
"* Nicoll, Allardyce.",
"''A History of English Drama 1660–1900: Volume III''.",
"Cambridge University Press, 2009.",
"* Hogan, C.B (ed.)",
"''The London Stage, 1660–1800: Volume V''.",
"Southern Illinois University Press, 1968.",
"* Robertson, Ben P. ''Elizabeth Inchbald's Reputation: A Publishing and Reception History''.",
"Routledge, 2015."
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Ultros"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Ultros''''' is a 2024 Metroidvania video game developed by Hadoque and published by Kepler Interactive.",
"Players control a space traveler who wakes on an alien spaceship that imprisons a demon.",
"It is available for macOS, Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5."
],
[
"Gameplay",
"Players control a space traveler who wakes on a spaceship called the Sarcophagus, which imprisons a demon named Ultros.",
"Players must prevent Ultros from waking.",
"The ship has become overgrown with plant life, and various aliens live onboard.",
"Interacting with these aliens can give players seeds, which can grow into edible plants.",
"Because of an endless time loop, some of the aliens have been driven mad and are now bosses that must be defeated in combat.",
"Players have different kinds of attacks.",
"Eating plants and defeated bosses allows players to increase their skills.",
"Making precision attacks with advanced skills to defeat bosses gives players more powerful power-ups.",
"The time loop allows players to return to the start of the game.",
"Although some aspects are kept, players' skills are reset after each loop; however, their skills are now easier to increase.",
"The world changes, too, based on players' choices in previous time loops, which can open previously inaccessible areas.",
"This is often done via jumping on platforms, as in Metroidvania games.",
"Dying causes players to return to their last save point."
],
[
"Development",
"The artist, Niklas Åkerblad, said he wanted to create a coherent world.",
"As a child, he believed ''Sonic the Hedgehog'' was more coherent than the competing ''Super Mario'' series, which he said felt like \"an amalgam of very different ideas\".",
"The design of the Sarcophagus was influenced by H. P. Lovecraft's depiction of Cthulhu, who retains an influence on our reality despite being trapped elsewhere.",
"Åkerblad wanted to invoke the ecologically-themed terror and wonder of ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'' and the difficulty of communicating with a non-human intelligence of ''Close Encounters of the Third Kind''.",
"The time loop mechanic was designed to mimic karma, so that actions in one life carried forward to the next.",
"The developers also wanted players to be able to experience decisions from different perspectives.",
"The studio is based in Sweden, but composer Oscar Rydelius traveled to Peru to record indigenous instruments and ambient sounds in the Amazon rainforest.",
"He then pitch-shifted the sounds and experimented to find ways to balance making them sound both familiar and otherworldly.",
"''Ultros'' was released for macOS, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, and Windows on February 13, 2024."
],
[
"Reception",
"''Ultros'' received positive reviews on Metacritic.",
"Although ''Rock Paper Shotgun'' called it \"vibrant and always interesting\", they said the execution falls short of its promise.",
"''GameSpot'' said its complexity can occasionally be frustrating but it is an \"engrossing adventure set within a visually memorable world\".",
"Comparing it to the work of Ovid, ''Eurogamer'' praised how ''Ultros'' changed the focus of a Metroidvania game from exploration to transforming the world while also having excellent combat, artwork, and music.",
"''GamesRadar'' called it \"unique and fresh\".",
"They enjoyed the exploration and said they never felt bored when returning to spots they had already been to.",
"''TechRadar'' called it \"delightful to play\" and praised the art, story, and controls.",
"Although they said it is \"a fantastic Metroidvania\", they found some of the fights to be a bit too easy.",
"''Push Square'' said ''Ultros'' has stunning and memorable art, but they felt the combat and controls did not live up to these highs."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Samuel A. Lafone Quevedo"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Samuel Alejandro Lafone Quevedo''' (Montevideo, 28 February 1835 – La Plata, 18 July 1920) was an Argentine industrialist, humanist, archaeologist, ethnographer, and linguist who was born in Uruguay.His father was Samuel Fisher Lafone, an Englishman of Huguenot origin, and his mother was Argentinian María de Quevedo y Alsina.",
"He studied in England and graduated with a Master of Arts degree and a BA in humanities.",
"Back in the Americas, he settled in Catamarca, Argentina, and took charge of his father's mining company and later of his own company, which he created after selling the former.Lafone delved deeply into the study of the region's indigenous history.",
"He discovered the Ruins of Quilmes and authored the book ''Londres and Catamarca'', in which he published the results of his investigations.",
"He also studied the relationships of the Juríes indigenous people (the Lules and Tonocotés or Tonokotés, nicknamed ''surís'' or ''ñandú'' by the Quechua invaders), researched the family relationships of the local indigenous population, and founded schools for these populations in Catamarca, as well as other schools for orphans and poverty-stricken communities.In the late 19th century, he returned to Buenos Aires, where he took charge of La Plata Museum and the Faculty of Natural Sciences of the National University of La Plata.",
"He received several awards during his career, including an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Buenos Aires (UBA).",
"During this period, he also published the results of his research in several scientific journals."
],
[
"Early life",
" At the age of thirteen, his father sent him to England, where he graduated with a Master of Arts degree, equivalent to a BA in humanities.",
"In 1859, back in the Americas, he settled in Catamarca and took charge of the Capillitas Mines.",
"He also bought a carob tree plantation located 25 km from Andalgalá with the money obtained from the sale of the Victoria plant that he inherited from his parents.",
"He named this enterprise Pilciao and it remained in operation until 1894.Other jobs that required less effort, such as the sugar industry or the building of the railroad, made labor increasingly more expensive, which meant that this type of enterprise was no longer profitable.",
"In 1902, he sold the property to the Capillitas Copper Company."
],
[
"Professional background",
" Lafone was interested in the indigenous culture of the area.",
"He travelled around the region, starting in Bolivia, and gathered data from the periods before and during the Inca Empire.",
"He received support from his friends Bartolomé Mitre, Vicente F. López, and doctors Francisco Moreno and Juan B. Ambrosetti.",
"Between 1883 and 1885, he wrote a series of articles for ''La Nación'' on various topics related to the archaeology, ethnography, geography, linguistics, folklore, and history of Catamarca.",
"Years later, with some corrections, he gathered those articles and published them in book form under the title ''Londres y Catamarca''.",
"Regarding his interest in archaeology, he stated:During one of his excursions, he discovered the Ruins of Quilmes, more precisely in the year 1888, when he made a quick visit to the site that allowed him to understand the complexity of the work.",
"He refers to the ruins in his book ''Londres y Catamarca'', as follows:In 1890, economic circumstances changed, which forced him to start selling his properties at a very low price.",
"He moved to Buenos Aires where he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the University of Buenos Aires (UBA).",
"In 1906, he took charge of La Plata Museum and, at the same time, joined the Faculty of Natural Sciences of the National University of La Plata as dean.",
"He also became involved with the Society of History and Numismatics.One of his students described him in this manner:"
],
[
"Works by Lafone Quevedo",
"Lafone Quevedo Disk.",
"La Plata Museum, display case of La Aguada cultureIn 1888, he began writing ''Historia de la Virgen del Valle'', as the Virgin of the Valley was the patron saint of the city of San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca.",
"He had a profound religious faith, which he professed until his last days.His book ''Londres y Catamarca'' consisted of 400 pages.",
"The chapter titles are ''Introducción'' (Introduction), ''Treinta cartas'' (Thirty Letters), ''Epílogo'' (Epilogue), and ''Apéndices'' (Appendices).",
"The aim of the book was, according to what the author wrote in the prologue, to study the expedition of Diego de Roxas, the geographical location of the cities of Londres, Córdoba, and Calchaquí, and the foundations of the capital city of the province of Catamarca (San Fernando del Valle) and the city of Londres.",
"There are several copies in print, although the location of only two is known so far: one in the library of the Juan B. Ambrosetti Museum of Ethnography in Buenos Aires and, according to the ACCEDER Digital Content Network catalog, there is another one at the Isaac Fernández Blanco Museum of Hispano-American Art.He studied the relationships of the Juríes indigenous people and researched the ethnological background of the region's various indigenous communities.",
"In Catamarca, he founded schools for these populations that also served as homes for orphans and children from poverty-stricken communities.",
"He also served as inspector of elementary education in the region of Andalgalá between 1878 and 1892.Some of his students were mentioned in a text written by Father Ramón Rosa Olmos:As a diversion, he formed an orchestra with his pupils and they ended up playing fairly well."
],
[
"Bibliography",
"Works published by the researcher include:* ''Lóndres y Catamarca: cartas á La Nación, 1883, 84 y 85 : con apéndices y un mapa histórico''* ''Vocabulario Mocoví-español fundado en los del P. Tavollini'', published in the journal of the La Plata Museum, Buenos Aires, 1893* ''A traveller's notes in the Calchaqui region, Argentine Republic'', published in ''American Anthropologist'', Washington, 1891* ''Un capítulo suelto de filología argentina'', published in ''La Prensa'', Buenos Aires, 1892* ''Los huacos de Yocavil.",
"Yacimiento de Cerro Pintado en el valle de Catamarca'', published in ''La Nación'', Buenos Aires, 1892* ''Ensayo Mitológico.",
"El culto de Tonapa.",
"Los himnos sagrados de los reyes del Cuzco, según el Yamqui Pachacuti'', published in the journal of La Plata Museum, Buenos Aires, 1892* ''Catálogo descriptivo e ilustrado de las Huacas de Chañar-Yaco (provincia de Catamarca)'', published in the journal of the La Plata Museum, Buenos Aires, 1892* ''La Virgen del Valle'', published in ''Artes y Letras'', Vol.",
"1, Buenos Aires, 1892.",
"* ''Arte de la lengua Toba por el padre Alonso Bárcena'', published in the journal of the La Plata Museum, Buenos Aires, 1893* ''Tesoro de catamarqueñismos; nombres de lugar y apellidos indios con etimologías y eslabones aislados de la lengua cacana''* ''Idioma Abipón''* ''Los indios chanases y su lengua con apuntes sobre los querandíes, yaros, boanes, güenoas o minuanes y un mapa étnico''* ''La raza Pampeana y la raza Guaraní: ó, los indios del Rio de la Plata en el siglo XVI''* ''El museo de La Plata y los valles calchaquíes'', published in ''La Prensa'', Buenos Aires, 6 August 1891* ''Las migraciones de los Kilmes.",
"La historia de las mismas'', published in the journal of the University of Buenos Aires, 1919* ''Idioma Mbaya.",
"Llamado Guaygururú según Hervas, Gilii y Castelnau'', Buenos Aires, 1896"
],
[
"See also",
"* Linguistic areas of the Americas* Mataco–Guaicuru languages* Abipón* Calchaquí* Charrúa* Lule people* Querandí* Quilmes people* Toba Qom language* Toconoté* Vilela people* Wichí* Indigenous peoples in the Santiago del Estero region* Ruins of Quilmes* Pámpidos* La Aguada culture* Gregorio Funes* Friedrich Schickendantz"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Works by Lafone Quevedo, Biblioteca Virtual de la Filología Española (BVFE) (in Spanish)* Works by Lafone Quevedo, online portal of the journal of La Plata Museum (in Spanish)* Works by Lafone Quevedo, Curt Nimuendajú Digital Library (in Portuguese)"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Ruth Finney"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Ruth Finney Allen''' (March 6, 1898 – March 20, 1979) was an American journalist.",
"She worked as a reporter for ''The Sacramento Star'' and became nationally known for her coverage of the death of President Warren G. Harding.",
"She became the Washington, D.C. correspondent for four Scripps-Howard newspapers."
],
[
"Early life",
"Finney was born on March 6, 1898, in Chicago, Illinois.",
"Her parents were John W. and Mary Morrison Finney.",
"After growing up in Downieville and Sacramento, California, Finney graduated from the San Jose Normal School with a teaching certificate in 1918 and began working for three months as a substitute teacher."
],
[
"Career",
"Finney became a reporter for ''The Sacramento Star'' in 1918.She became well known in the state for her report on the 1922 Argonaut Mine disaster in Jackson, California.",
"After joining the ''San Francisco Daily News'', she received national attention for reporting on the death of President Warren G. Harding in San Francisco.",
"She was appointed by four state Scripps-Howard newspapers to be their Washington, D.C. correspondent in 1923.In this role, she covered the Teapot Dome Oil scandal, the execution of Sacco and Vanzetti, and the authorization of the construction of Hoover Dam.",
"Finney was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize in 1931 for her investigation of the electric and gas utilities industry.In 1941, Finney began writing a weekly column on news, politics and economics for the Scripps-Howard newspapers, titled \"Washington Calling\".",
"She was an active member of the Washington Press Club.",
"She worked as a correspondent for ''The Albuquerque Tribune'' until her retirement in 1968."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Finney married fellow journalist Robert S. Allen, the co-author for ''Washington Merry-Go-Round'', in 1929.She died on March 20, 1979, in Georgetown at the age of 81."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Further reading",
"* * * *"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Mihai Amihalachioaie"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Mihai Amihalachioaie''', also spelt as '''Mihai Amihălăchioaie''' (23 February 1961 – 11 February 2024), was a Moldovan accordionist and conductor."
],
[
"Early life and education",
"Amihalachioaie was born on 23 February 1961, in Molnytsia ().",
"He started his musical education at Hertsa Music School and completed it at the Ștefan Neaga College of Music, located in Chișinău.",
"He then studied piano, accordion and folk orchestra conducting at the Gavriil Musicescu State Conservatory (present-day ), also in Chișinău, graduating in 1985.In 1997, he graduated from a second faculty at the same university, this time in conducting symphonic and opera music."
],
[
"Career",
"In 1985, he started his career as an accordionist and the folk music conductor of the Busuioc Moldovenesc Ensemble, a band disbanded in 2001 due to financial issues, but returned in November 2011.In 1998, he started working as a conductor at the , the National Chamber Orchestra of Moldova, and the Chisinau Radio-TV Symphony Orchestra, places he worked at until his death.",
"He was also an employee of the Maria Bieșu National Opera and Ballet Theatre.He also collaborated with the Romanian group Provincialii.",
"Between 2001 and 2002, he worked with Antoni Ros-Marbà, with whom he improved his mastery greatly.",
"Maria Iliuț, the popular music singer, was among those with whom he collaborated.Amihalachioaie performed artistic tours in many countries, including Romania, Spain, Bulgaria, Germany, France, Italy and the United Kingdom.",
"He held his last concert in Vienna.In 2001, he was awarded the \"Master of Art of Moldova\" (See also: ) honorary title, and from 2021 until his death, he was the leader and conductor of the Municipal Chamber Orchestra Camerata Chisinau, an orchestra created in 2000 which gave its first concert in 2021."
],
[
"Illness and death",
"In 2023, he was diagnosed with liver cancer.",
"In July 2023, Amihalachioaie went to Istanbul, where he underwent a liver transplant operation a month later in August.",
"The donor was his son Petru.",
"Amihalachioaie died on the night of 11 February 2024, at the age of 62.A minute of silence was held for him on 13 February.",
"He was buried at Chișinău Central Cemetery on 14 February 2024, after a funeral held at the ."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Richard Murgatroyd"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Richard Murgatroyd''' is an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999.Murgatroyd was first elected in 1994 after incumbent representative Kenneth F. Harper retired.",
"In 1998 he was elected Judge/Executive of Kenton County.",
"He resigned in January 2004 in order to join the administration of governor Ernie Fletcher."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Connie Roth"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Connie Barbara Roth''' (born 1974) is a Canadian-American soft matter physicist and polymer scientist whose research concerns the glass transition and aging in polymer films.",
"She is a professor of physics at Emory University."
],
[
"Education and career",
"Roth became interested in physics as a teenager in Toronto through the MacGyver television show, and began her interest in polymer films through studying paper and toner in a summer internship at the Xerox Research Centre of Canada.",
"She studied physics as an undergraduate at McMaster University in Ontario, graduating in 1997.She went to the University of Guelph, also in Ontario, for graduate study in physics, earning a master's degree in 1999 and completing her Ph.D. in 2004.After postdoctoral research at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia and Northwestern University in Chicago, Roth joined the Emory University faculty in 2007.She was promoted to associate professor in 2013 and full professor in 2021."
],
[
"Recognition",
"Roth was named as a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) in 2019, after a nomination from the APS Division of Polymer Physics, \"for exceptional contributions to the understanding of glass transition and aging phenomena in polymer films and blends\".",
"She was the 2019 recipient of the Fellows Award of the North American Thermal Analysis Society."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Home page*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Bogdan-2351"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Bogdan-2351''' is a pickup truck produced by Bogdan since 2016.It is based on components and assemblies of the Great Wall Wingle 5.A military version of the model is produced for the Armed Forces of Ukraine."
],
[
"Specifications",
"The Bogdan-2351 is intended for transporting soldiers and small-tonnage cargo on roads with any surface.",
"It is based on the Chinese pickup truck Great Wall Wingle.",
"The cabin of the vehicle is double, the capacity of the car is 5 people, including the driver.",
"The body of the Bogdan-2351 is equipped with an AN-TPQ-48 counter-battery radar, which protects the car from dust and moisture.",
"A kenguryatnik is installed in front.",
"For use in the army, the vehicle is equipped with leaf spring suspension and tires with special tread patterns.",
"There is a spare light switch for masking mode on the dashboard.",
"The vehicle also tows trailers with a gross weight of 1.5 to 3 tons, depending on the braking system.There is also an ambulance Bogdan-2251."
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"External links"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Xanthosia candida"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Xanthosia candida''''' is a low-lying, perennial herb in the family Apiaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia.",
"It has long, slender stems, irregularly toothed or lobed leaves and small white, green or creamy-yellow flowers."
],
[
"Description",
"''Xanthosia candida'' is a low-lying perennial herb that typically grows to a height of and has long, slender, sometimes softly hairy stems.",
"Its leaves vary in shape from broadly egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base to round or oblong, and are coarsely or irregularly toothed or lobed.",
"The leaves are mostly small, but sometimes up to long, woolly-hairy, especially on the lower surface, but become glabrous as they age.",
"The inflorescence is a small compound umbel with four short rays.",
"The lateral rays have one flower and 3 white, green or creamy-yellow bracts and the central flower without bracts.",
"Flowering occurs from September to December or from January to May."
],
[
"Taxonomy and naming",
"This species was first formally described in 1837 by George Bentham who gave it the name ''Leucolaena candida'' in ''Enumeratio plantarum quas in Novae Hollandiae ora austro-occidentali ad fluvium Cygnorum et in sinu Regis Georgii collegit Carolus Liber Baro de Hügel'' from specimens collected by Charles von Hügel near the Swan River.",
"In 1841, Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel transferred the species to ''Xanthosia'' as ''X.",
"candida''.",
"The specific epithet (''candida'') means \"becoming pure white\"."
],
[
"Distribution and habitat",
"''Xanthosia candida'' grows on hills, ridges and rocky outcrops in the Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest, Swan Coastal Plain and Warren bioregions of south-western Western Australia and is listed as \"not threatened\" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Kisejärve lakes"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Kisejärv'''Kisejärve lakes''' () is a group of lakes in Rõuge Parish, Võru County, Estonia.",
"The group consists of seven lakes which in limnological sense are semi-dystrophic or oligotropic.The biggest of the lakes are ''Kisejärv'' (48.9 ha, depth up to 5.1 m), ''Pahijärv'' (10.0 ha) and ''Sõdaalune lake'' (8.5 ha).At the time of late glacial age, these lakes weren't separated.The lakes and its surroundings are under protection (Kisejärv Landscape Conservation Area)."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"The Great Story of Sodabuddi"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''The Great Story of Sodabuddi''''' is a 2016 Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film directed by Jothirao Mohit and starring newcomers Uthpal Gowda, Anusha Ranganath and Kushee Ravi (credited as Sushmitha).",
"The film was released to negative reviews."
],
[
"Cast",
"*Uthpal Gowda as Sodabuddi*Anusha Ranganath*Kushee Ravi *Rangayana Raghu*Achyuth Kumar*Master Hemanth"
],
[
"Soundtrack",
"The songs were composed by Mithun M. S."
],
[
"Reception",
"A critic from ''The Times of India'' wrote that \"If you're game for a long watch, which gets only a tad interesting after the interval, then go for this film\".",
"A critic from the ''Bangalore Mirror'' wrote that \"Deliberate or otherwise, whatever story there is, it is and confusing.",
"The story in the mind of the director which was then put on paper and what was shot finally seem to be three different things.",
"The end product is a bad buy for the audience\".",
"A critic from ''The New Indian Express'' wrote that \"Without doubt, the movie does achieve to do what most filmmakers dread -- irritate the viewers\".",
"A critic from ''Vijaya Karnataka'' rated the film two out of five stars and wrote that \"The director in an attempt to say everything in one movie, says nothing\"."
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Rheology of peanut butter"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Peanut butter is a viscoelastic food that exhibits both solid and fluid behaviors.",
"It consists of ground up peanuts and may contain additional additives, such as stabilizers, sugars, or salt.",
"Its characteristic soft, spreadable texture can be further defined through rheology the study of flow and deformation of matter, affecting texture, consistency, and mouthfeel.",
"Specifically for peanut butter, rheology can be used to more accurately define characteristics, such as spreadability and grittiness."
],
[
"Soft matter context",
"In a soft matter context, peanut butter can be considered as a colloidal dispersion, where solid, insoluble peanut particles are suspended in liquid oil.",
"There are two types of peanut butter, and at room temperature, these two types of peanut butter behave differently.",
"Non-stabilized peanut butter, also known as \"natural\" or \"100%\" peanut butter consists only of ground peanuts and peanut oil and may contain seasonings, such as salt.",
"In natural peanut butter at room temperature, the insoluble peanut particles separate from peanut oil, and the difference in density causes the peanut oil to float upwards.",
"Stabilized peanut butter contains additional ingredients, such as vegetable oil, to prevent the grounded peanuts and peanut oil from separating into two layers.During the grinding process, the peanuts release oils, forming a peanut paste consisting of peanut oil and peanut grounds.",
"The grinding process also causes an increase in the overall product temperature, and at this point a stabilizer might be added, such as hydrogenated vegetable oils.",
"At this temperature, the stabilizer melts, uniformly dispersing into the peanut paste.",
"This oil then crystallizes once the product returns to ambient temperatures, and the formed crystalline lattices trap the stabilizer particles within the paste.",
"This prevents the final peanut butter from separating into two separate phases.Without the stabilizer, the peanut oil alone is not enough, as it is unable to crystallize at room temperature.",
"The melting point of peanut oil is .",
"At room temperature, the oils in natural peanut butter remain liquid, causing a phase separation.",
"Within the stabilized peanut butter, the microstructural features are able to remain well-dispersed in a matrix of stabilized oil due to crystallization, while in the unstabilized peanut butter, the features are not able to retain the same uniformity."
],
[
"Methods to characterize peanut butter rheology",
"For most viscous semi-liquid foods, rheological characteristics are determined in shear flow using a coaxial viscometer.",
"However, as peanut butter is not only a highly viscous material, it is also self-lubricating, meaning it releases oils under shear.",
"If placed in a typical coaxial viscometer, the resulting flow pattern a distorted shear flow or plug flow.",
"For accurate data, rheometers typically require no-slip, and the properties of peanut butter do not satisfy this condition.",
"This causes it to be particularly difficult to study its rheology.",
"There have been a few methods devised to overcome this.===Squeezing flow viscosimetry===Squeezing flow viscosimetery uses two parallel plates to compress a fluid uniaxially This method can be used to better understand the viscoelastic properties of peanut butter.",
"Peanut butter samples can be placed between two lubricated plates, and samples can be subjected to either uniaxial deformation at various constant displacement rates, or to uniaxial creep deformation under various constant loads.",
"As the plates compressed the sample, if the sample retained a cylindrical shape without bulging, this is evident that there is a lack of shear flow.Using this method, peanut butter has been determined to be a power-law fluid with shear thinning properties.",
"In other words, under high shear rates, there is a lower apparent viscosity.",
"This is likely due to the size difference in peanut and oil particles.",
"The larger peanut particles likely form loosely bound aggregates that break down as shear rate increases (e.g.",
"mixing), which allow the oil to better disperse between peanut particles, resulting in a reduced viscosity.===Rough plates with parallel plate rheometers===Another way to overcome the wall-slip effects, is to rough up the contact surface of parallel plate rheometers using a material such as sandpaper.",
"In order to determine if this method sufficiently reduces the wall-slip effects, stress growth experiments can be conducted.",
"If the stress over time is independent of gap size, then wall slip has been successfully reduced."
],
[
"Rheological properties",
"The apparent yield stress for the stabilized suspension (374 Pa) was significantly larger than the unstabilized sample (27 Pa) under the Bingham model.",
"This is likely due to the effects of the stabilizing agent.",
"During the grinding stage, the stabilizer dispersed around the peanut particles.",
"At room temperature, the stabilizer crystallized around the particles, creating a strong network of particles within the suspension that can resist the onset of flow.",
"In unstabilized peanut butter, the peanut oil remains in a liquid state.",
"Even when the peanut particles are mixed in homogeneously, the peanut butter remains more liquid-like.Previously conducted creep (stress vs. strain) experiments were conducted to determine the viscosity of peanut butter.",
"In the stabilized peanut butter, under stresses of 250 MPa, the viscosity increases rapidly with increasing strain, exemplifying solid-like behavior.",
"With stresses greater than 250 MPa, stabilized peanut butter displays liquid-like behavior.",
"In an unstabilized sample, the same viscoelastic transitional behavior was found at 10 MPa.Both stabilized and unstabilized peanut butter displayed highly non-linear behavior, and the storage (G’) and loss (G’’) modulus was determined.",
"Both peanut butter types have a decrease in G’ and G’’ until critical strain amplitude is reached.",
"Beyond this critical point, both moduli start to increase.",
"The initial observed decrease was likely due to a structure breakdown under strain.",
"Mentioned previously, the increase in strain causes loosely aggregated peanut particles to break, allowing a more homogeneous oil-peanut mixture to form.",
"However, the increase in moduli at a critical strain implies a less homogenous structure is being formed, causing a greater resistance to flow.",
"This might mean at some critical strain, the particles start to behave in a shear thickening manner.",
"A possible reason could be that the maximum volume packing fraction changes with strain amplitude.",
"Meaning at a critical strain, the flow would cause particles to create a less ordered structure resulting in an increase in viscosity.Complex viscosity is a measure of the total resistance to flow as a function of angular frequency.",
"For peanut butter, it was found that the initial complex viscosity as angular frequency increased was very high.",
"However, if the angular frequency was decreased and increased again, a different behavior emerged, and the peanut butter was unable to retain the same initial complex viscosity.",
"This shows that once the existing structure of the sample was broken, the sample's thixotropic effects, or the rheological properties dependent on flow history, are less pronounced."
],
[
"Other factors",
"By varying the grinding time of peanuts, the resulting rheology and texture of natural peanut butter (with no stabilizer) can be affected.",
"More specifically, as grinding time increases, the apparent viscosity decreases.",
"This is likely due to an increase in peanut oil produced by a higher grinding time, causing a lubricating effect to decrease viscosity.Increasing the grinding time also produced peanut butter with a narrower particle size distribution with high densities.",
"As smaller particles can compact better with less void space than larger particles, density would increase as grinding time increased.",
"For shorter grinding times, there is a wider particle size distribution, meaning the overall peanut particle size is less uniform.",
"This results in a wider linear viscoelastic region, and allows unstabilized peanut butter to behave more similarly to stabilized peanut butter.",
"This is because in stabilized peanut butter, the peanuts' protein bodies and cell wall fragments are able to be more uniformly distributed throughout the peanut butter, rather than clumping.",
"If the particle size is more widely distributed, it mimics the particle size distribution of stabilized peanut butter, resulting in a more stable natural peanut butter."
],
[
"Applications",
"The rheology of peanut butter may affect its best texture, flavor, storage stability, and overall quality.",
"This understanding can be applied when determining better or alternative stabilizers for peanut butter or better grinding manufacturing processes for unstabilized peanut butter to prevent oil separation more effectively."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Thomas Mitchell (merchant)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Thomas Mitchell''' (1798–1871) was a Scottish merchant and ship owner in Glasgow.He was born in Perth, Scotland, 24 May 1798, the eldest child of Stewart Mitchell and his wife Jean Jack.",
"The family later moved to Glasgow where he lived at Kingston Place, Govan, and later Parkview, Pollokshields.",
"In 1860 his name was used in a case of forgery.",
"Crew on the \"Thomas Mitchell\" are thought to have introduced the parasite Jiggers to West Africa from Brazil in 1872."
],
[
"Ships built",
"He was a ship owner, naming ships after his children or his wife.",
"One of his ships, the barque Flora Kerr carried settlers to the Australian colony in the 1850s.",
"She caught fire and was wrecked in 1858 with the crew rescued.",
"The Jane Jack Mitchell was wrecked off Calcutta in 1866 with loss of some of the crew.",
"Date Name Builder Location Note1838 British Isle Archibald P McFarlane Jnr & Co DumbartonWood Sailing Vessel 3 Masted Barque1840 Flora Kerr Hedderwick & Rankin GlasgowWood Sailing Vessel 3 masted Barque 1848 Robina Mitchell Archibald McMillan & Son DumbartonWood Sailing Vessel 3 Masted Ship1851 Thomas Mitchell Archibald McMillan & SonDumbarton Wood Sailing Vessel 3 Masted Ship1853 Margaret Mitchell Archibald McMillan & SonDumbarton Wood Sailing Vessel 3 Masted Ship1855 Jane Jack Mitchell Archibald McMillan & SonDumbarton Wood Sailing Vessel 3 Masted Ship"
],
[
"Personal life",
"On 9 October 1826 he married Florence 'Flora' Kerr the eldest child of Norman Kerr and Margaret Young.",
"They had three daughters: Margaret (1827–1885), Jane Jack (1829–1920) who married William McOnie, and Jemma (1831–1902).",
"His second marriage on 1 November 1841 in Gorbals was to Robina Lochhead.",
"He died 28 October 1871."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Thomas Mitchell at FindaGrave"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Olaf Dammann"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Olaf Dammann''' is a German-American physician, epidemiologist, and philosopher.",
"He is a Professor of Public Health & Community Medicine at Tufts University School of Medicine.",
"His main contributions are in neonatal brain and retina damage causation research and in philosophy of epidemiology."
],
[
"Early life",
"Dammann was born on 23 September 1961 in Ebstorf, Lower-Saxony and grew up in nearby Uelzen.",
"He graduated from Herzog-Ernst-Gymnasium in 1980."
],
[
"Career",
"Dammann entered the linguistics program at the University of Hamburg in 1981.He transferred to Lübeck Medical School in 1983 to begin studying medicine, which he finished in 1991 back at the University of Hamburg with a dissertation (Dr.med.)",
"on minor neurological abnormalities in very low birthweight children at early school age.",
"From 1991 - 1995 he worked in the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Hamburg with a focus on neonatology and neuropediatrics.In 1995, he moved to Boston (USA) as a Research Fellow in the Neuroepidemiology Unit at Boston Children's Hospital.",
"He received a master's degree in clinical epidemiology (S.M.)",
"at the Harvard School of Public Health in 1997 and went on to become one of the inaugural co-investigators of the ELGAN-Study.Between 2002 and 2006, Dammann served as the Wilhem-Hirte Research Professor at Hannover Medical School, Germany.",
"He returned to Boston as a research professor in pediatrics at Tufts University School of Medicine and joined the Department of Public Health & Community Medicine full-time in 2011, where he also served as Vice Chair from 2017 until 2023.His main research interest is the etiology of neonatal brain and retina damage; he has 200 publications in this research field.",
"In 2018 he was appointed as an adjunct professor in the Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Sciences at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim, Norway.Dammann obtained a doctorate in philosophy (Ph.D.) from the University of Johannesburg in 2019 with a thesis on illness causation theory and was appointed as a Distinguished Visiting professor at the same institution in 2022.He obtained certification in philosophical client counseling from the American Philosophical Practitioners Association in 2024."
],
[
"Books",
"*Extremely Preterm Birth and its Consequences: The ELGAN Study (1st ed.).",
"Mac Keith Press.",
"8 March 2021.ISBN 978-1-911488-96-5.",
"*Dammann, Olaf; Smart, Benjamin (29 October 2018).",
"Causation in Population Health Informatics and Data Science (1st 2019 ed.).",
"Springer.",
"*Dammann, Olaf (26 May 2020).",
"Etiological Explanations: Illness Causation Theory.",
"CRC Press.",
"ISBN 978-0-429-53287-0.",
"*Dammann, Olaf (1 December 2007).",
"Flüstermond: Gedichte (in German).",
"Husum.",
"ISBN 978-3898763707."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"** Personal website"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Olua"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Olua''' was the fourteenth Oba of Benin who reigned from .",
"He was the second child of Ewuare.",
"Olua's reign is noted for his actions and the establishment of the Itsekiri kingdom through his son Iginuwa."
],
[
"Early life and accession",
"Olua was the child of Oba Ewuare and one of his consorts, who was executed by Ewuare for a transgression in the harem.",
"She was denied the funeral rites typically given to the wives of the Oba.",
"When Olua became the Oba, he conducted the final rites for her, despite advice that this could risk his reign.",
"This action led to animosity towards him among the people of Benin.Olua was not Ewuare's firstborn, but was chosen by his father as the successor (Edaiken).",
"According to Benin tradition, the Edaiken was expected to live outside the capital among the hereditary chiefs, but Olua chose not to do so out of fear of his elder brother Okpame.",
"His elder sister, Edeleyo, was asked to rule in his place, but she fell ill and died.",
"The Uzama and Eghaevbo then enacted that no woman should be allowed to reign in the future.",
"The chiefs persuaded Olua to accept the crown and sent his younger son, who later became Ogie Eho, to Eho to guard against Okpame's attack."
],
[
"Reign",
"=== Reputation ===Olua was known for his actions of kindness.",
"He sometimes paid other people's debts when they were unable to pay, and he gave gifts to those in need.",
"He gave a cow's leg to an old woman who wanted meat, and a coral bead to a man whom he saved from drowning.",
"However, these actions were not always appreciated.",
"The old woman fell and injured herself on her way home and blamed Olua for giving her the meat.",
"The man said that Olua gave him the coral bead because they were common in the palace.",
"Olua's actions also depleted the royal treasury.Olua faced opposition from some of his officials and subjects.",
"In one instance, he requested wine from the royal wine-maker, who responded that there was none and suggested that Olua should produce it himself.",
"In another situation, he asked the Omare, the caretaker of the royal dogs, to provide a dog for a sacrifice to Osun, the deity of royal medicine.",
"The Omare replied that he had three dogs, one of which he had given to the Oliha, another to Edohen, and the third he had sacrificed to his own god.",
"These responses upset Olua, who sought advice from his son Iginuwa on how to handle them.",
"Iginuwa suggested strict punishment, which Olua implemented.",
"However, this action led to Iginuwa becoming disliked by the Binis for his advice, leading them to decide not to accept him as their Oba after Olua's death.===Establishment of the Itsekiri Kingdom===Knowing his elder son Iginuwa's lack of popularity, Olua decided to create a kingdom for him by the sea.",
"Iginuwa, aware of his negative reputation, accepted the offer.",
"To keep the plan hidden from his chiefs, Olua asked them to send their sons with Iginuwa to perform a sacrifice for him by the sea.",
"Iginuwa was given the necessary regalia and the title , meaning \"the one who owns the sea\".",
"He became known to the Itsekiris as Olu of Itsekiri, after Olua's name.",
"He also gained the nickname \"Iginua the Proud\".Olua prepared a large box filled with royal attire and other items for Iginuwa, placing sacrificial victims on top to conceal the contents.",
"He had previously arranged for Ijaw men to transport Iginuwa and his entourage in their canoes to their destination.",
"Thus, Iginuwa became the first Olu, or Odihi-n'ame, and founded the Itsekiri Kingdom.According to some traditions, the Iginuwa migration encountered beings referred to as umale upon arrival.",
"While most left, some stayed and accepted Iginuwa's leadership.",
"One of them, named Itsekiri, was welcoming to Iginuwa, leading to the new kingdom being named in his honour.",
"The name Itsekiri is also thought to have been derived from the Ijaw word \"Seikiri\", which translates to a \"playground\".",
"The Ijaw taught the Benin immigrants skills such as swimming, fishing, and adapting to the marine environment.",
"The Ijaw also intermarried with Iginuwa and his men, leading to a mixed Itsekiri population."
],
[
"Death and succession",
"Olua's reign ended after a period of about seven years, around 1480.His brother, Ozolua, succeeded him, ascending the throne after a three-year interregnum during which a republican form of governance was in place.",
"Ozolua, an Oba known for his military campaigns, conquered several lands and peoples, including the Idanre, the Igala, and the Nupe.",
"He also maintained connections with his nephew Iginuwa and the Itsekiri kingdom, providing them with gifts and support."
],
[
"Legacy and assessment",
"Olua is a complex figure in Benin's history.",
"His actions led to the establishment of the Itsekiri kingdom, but he is also known for his disregard for traditions and his decisions that led to conflict.",
"His reign was marked by opposition from his subjects and officials.",
"He is remembered as ."
],
[
"References",
"=== Citations ======Bibliography===* * * * * * * * *"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Mark Farrow (politician)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Mark Farrow''' (1947 – August 17, 2016) was an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1980 to 1996.Farrow was first elected in 1979, defeating incumbent representative Mark Fitzgerald for renomination.",
"He resigned from the house in April 1996 in order to become general counsel for the Kentucky Department of Agriculture.He died in August 2016 at age 69."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Mosaic (video game)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Mosaic''''' is an indie adventure game and art game developed by Krillbite Studio, developers of ''Among the Sleep'', and published by Raw Fury.",
"It was released for Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch and Apple Arcade on December 5, 2019.A commentary on modern life, the main character is an isolated office worker who lacks human contact and spends a large amount of time on his smartphone, seeing the world only in dull colors.",
"He gradually starts encountering moments of beauty and realizing he should escape the daily grind.",
"It received mixed reviews from critics, who thought the gameplay was overly dull and the message too simplistic, though they enjoyed some moments in it."
],
[
"Reception",
"''Mosaic'' has a \"mixed or average\" Metacritic rating, and on OpenCritic, it received a \"fair\" approval rating of 48%.Alex Spencer of ''PC Gamer'' gave the game a mixed review, describing the entire game as \"housing\" for a message about modern life that never \"cuts any deeper than Daniel Ortberg's withering ''Black Mirror'' synopsis, 'what if phones but too much'.\"",
"He said that it lacked meaningful gameplay, though he called its occasional bright spots rewarding.",
"While calling it occasionally fascinating, he said that it was trying too hard to remind the player it was art.Sergio Velasquez of ''TouchArcade'' was also mixed on the game, saying that despite being boring, it was an \"experience\" that showcases the problems with modern isolation.",
"However, he called it \"slow and frustrating\" for non-introspective players who are simply seeking fun gameplay, calling its controls the worst part.",
"While describing its story as \"short and predictable\", he summed it up as rewarding in the end.Lloyd Coombes of ''Nintendo Life'' rated the game negatively, calling it intentionally mundane and comparing it to ''Limbo'' and ''Inside''.",
"However, he said it lacked a meaningful message besides the negative effects of technology on people's lives, and that it compared unfavorably to other commentary along those lines, such as ''Black Mirror''.",
"Saying that the game had a \"vital message\" that it couldn't enunciate, he summed it up as ultimately unfulfilling and depressing."
],
[
"''Mosaic: BlipBlop''",
"A clicker game called ''Mosaic: BlipBlop'' was released independently for iOS and Android in 2019.It is also featured in ''Mosaic'' as a minigame the protagonist can play, commenting on the vapid nature of mobile games.",
"The standalone version functions as marketing for the full ''Mosaic'' game, showing the player fake ads for in-universe apps."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* *"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Salahuddin Junejo"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Salahuddin Junejo''' (), is a Pakistani politician who is member-elect of the National Assembly of Pakistan."
],
[
"Political career",
"Junejo won the 2024 Pakistani general election from NA-210 Sanghar-II as a Pakistan People’s Party Parliamentarians candidate.",
"He received 150,195 votes while runner up Saira Bano of Grand Democratic Alliance received 108,194 votes."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Píter (footballer)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Eurípedes Fernandes''' (24 April 1940 – 4 February 2022), better known as '''Píter''', was a Brazilian professional footballer who played as a centre-back."
],
[
"Career",
"Píter began his career at América de Rio Preto, where he played until 1960.He arrived at Comercial de Ribeirão Preto the following year, and there, he became one of the greatest in the club's history, earning the nickname \"Rocha Negra\" (Black Rock).",
"He was named by Pelé as the best defender he had faced, in addition to defending the Brazil national team in the 1963 South American Championship, playing in the match against Ecuador."
],
[
"Honours",
";América-SP*Campeonato Paulista Série A2: 1957"
],
[
"Death",
"Píter died at the age of 81 on 4 February 2022, in Ribeirão Preto."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Píter at ogol.com.br"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Marceliano Gutiérrez"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Marceliano Gutiérrez Chávez''' ( — ) was a Peruvian colonel that participated in the coup d'état headed by his brother Tomás Gutiérrez against then president José Balta on July 22, 1872, dying in the events that took place four days later.",
"He is accused of being the one who gave the execution order that ended Balta's life in reprisal for his brother Silvestre's murder, although this has since been disputed."
],
[
"Early life",
"Gutiérrez was born in Huancarqui to a family of Spanish descent in 1834, the son of parents Luis Gutiérrez and Julia Chávez.",
"He enlisted, along with his three brothers in the Peruvian Army, with Tomás distinguishing himself above the others.",
"He was described by historian Jorge Basadre as being more athletic, proud, harsh and ignorant than the rest of his brothers."
],
[
"Military career",
"He was promoted to colonel in the 1860s.",
"In April 1870 he was convicted of the crime of flagellation against guard Luis Montejo, although he returned to active service during the government of José Balta, whom he served along with his three brothers.===Coup d'état===The Gutiérrez colonels, dissatisfied with the triumph of Manuel Pardo, the first civilian to win the presidential elections in 1872, plotted a coup against President José Balta.",
"Previously, they tried to convince the president to annul the elections, to no avail.",
"Then Silvestre convinced Tomás to carry out the coup plan once and for all, given that there were only a few days left before the change of command would take place.",
"The plan was then carried out at 2 p.m. of July 22, with Silvestre taking control of Government Palace and capturing Balta.",
"Marceliano's role was to proclaim Tomás as Supreme Chief of the Republic, while also promoting him to General.After Silvestre was killed in a shooutout at the San Juan de Dios tram station, Tomás notified his brother, who was guarding Balta in the San Francisco barracks, through a note, after which he left for the Government Palace.",
"Meanwhile, Major Narciso Nájar, Captain Laureano Espinoza and Lieutenant Juan Patiño, broke into Balta's room and shot him to death while he was sleeping.",
"Balta died instantly, as a bullet passed under his beard and reached his brain.",
"In the trial that subsequently followed the assassinations, they claimed to have followed orders from Marceliano, who thus avenged the death of his brother Silvestre.Marceliano's body being taken to the Plaza Mayor.The aforementioned statement is the matter of controversy, as it is alleged that Marceliano interceded with Tomás to embark Balta on a ship (that was ultimately delayed) that had to leave Callao on July 24, with a bag of money with travel expenses, which would demonstrate that the brothers' intention was to preserve his life.",
"Other claims state that the order was indeed given by him, as it was rumoured that a son of Balta was among Silvestre's murderers.",
"In the event that the murderers had acted on their own, it is possible that Nájar's background played a role, as he was a personal enemy of Colonel Balta, since being his subordinate in an army corps he had suffered the penalty of flogging.As the situation turned violent, Marceliano left for Callao in order to quell the revolt, while Tomás left for Santa Catalina barracks.",
"During the events, while attempting to light a high-caliber cannon at the Real Felipe Fortress, he was fatally shot in the stomach.",
"It is said that his last words were \"another brave man dies\" (), and that the shot came from one of his own men.",
"Initially buried in the city's Baquíjano Cemetery, his body was dug up and thrown in the bonfire at the Plaza de Armas where Tomás and Silvestre's bodies were already burning."
],
[
"See also",
"*Tomás Gutiérrez*Silvestre Gutiérrez*Marcelino Gutiérrez"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 Copa Colombia"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 Copa Colombia''', officially the '''Copa BetPlay Dimayor 2024''' for sponsorship reasons, will be the 22nd edition of the Copa Colombia, the national cup competition for clubs affiliated to DIMAYOR, the governing body of professional club football in Colombia.",
"The tournament will be contested by 36 teams, beginning on 5 March and ending on 31 October 2024.The winners will qualify for the 2025 Copa Sudamericana.Atlético Nacional will be the defending champions."
],
[
"Format",
"The competition will keep the format used in the previous edition.",
"In its first stage, the eight lowest placed teams in the aggregate table of the 2023 Primera A will play against the eight lowest placed teams in the aggregate table of the 2023 Primera B, being drawn in eight ties.",
"The eight first stage winners will then face the remaining Primera B teams in the second round of the competition, with the eight winners advancing to the third stage where they will be drawn against each other.",
"The round of 16 will be played with the four winners from the previous stage and the remaining 12 Primera A teams which will enter the competition at that point.",
"The winners will advance to the subsequent knockout stages of the competition (quarter-finals, semi-finals, and finals).",
"The order of legs will be drawn for each phase of the competition."
],
[
"Schedule",
"The schedule of the competition will be as follows: Round Draw date First leg Second leg First stage 23 January 2024 5–7 March 2024 19–21 March 2024 Second stage TBD 2024 17 April 2024 25 April 2024 Third stage 9 May 2024 16 May 2024 Round of 16 31 July 2024 8 August 2024 Quarter-finals 28 August 2024 12 September 2024 Semi-finals 26 September 2024 2 October 2024 Finals 24 October 2024 31 October 2024"
],
[
"First stage",
"The first stage will be played by eight Categoría Primera A and eight Categoría Primera B clubs.===First leg======Second leg==="
],
[
"See also",
"* 2024 Categoría Primera A season* 2024 Categoría Primera B season"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Dean House (politician)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Dean Kepple House''' (June 15, 1938 – September 28, 2023) was an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from June 1996 to January 1997.House was elected in a June 1996 special election after incumbent representative Mark Farrow resigned.",
"He was not on the ballot for the November general election and was succeeded by Charlie Hoffman.He died in September 2023 at age 85."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Shingqo Sheli Tutung"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Shingqo Sheli Tutung''' or '''Šiŋko Šäli Tutuŋ''' (Old Uyghur: ''š̤yṅkq̈w š̤ʾly twtwnk''), also known by his Chinese name '''Master Shengguang''' () was an Uyghur scholar, translator and poet lived in 11th-12th centuries."
],
[
"Identity",
"Born in Beshbalik, he was a Buddhist.",
"He is mostly regarded as an Uyghur, but Takao Moriyasu argued that he could be Chinese as well.",
"Klaus Röhrborn believed that he was not only a translator, but a Chinese head of a group of Uyghur translators who worked on Buddhist texts.",
"He was also described as a poet since he translated original Chinese poems creatively, without limiting himself with literal translation.",
"He is also described as well-versed in kāvya style."
],
[
"Works",
"He is mostly known for his translation of Golden Light Sutra from Chinese to Old Uyghur, which he dubbed ''Altun Yaruq'' (Golden Light).",
"A copy of this was found by Russian turkologist Sergey Malov in a Buddhist stupa used by Yugurs in Wenshugou (文殊沟) village in Sunan, which was made in 1687 by Bilge Taluy Shashi.",
"Yet another copy of it was found by Friedrich Müller during his Turfan expedition.",
"He was proficient in Sankskrit and Tocharian.",
"He is also known as a translator of the biography of Xuanzang.",
"In 2000, Kahar Barat published an annotated English edition of parts of this translation.",
"He could be a follower of Vijñānavāda, a Buddhist philosophy embraced by Xuanzang himself.",
"He is also credited with translation of \"Eight Heaven Sutra\" from Chinese to Uyghur which he named ''Säkiz Yükmäk Yaruq.''",
"An extensive work dedicated to this translation has been authored by Juten Oda."
],
[
"Notes",
":1.Full title in Old Uyghur: ''Altun örjlüg yaruk yaltriklig kopda kötrülmis nom eligi atlig nom bitig (Shining with golden luster, exalted king-book above all)'':2.Full title: ; Old Uyghur: Täŋri Burhan yarlıkamıš täŋrili yerli säkiz yükmäk yaruk bügülüg arvıš nom bitig bir tägzinč"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"The Small House (Domenic Alvaro)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Small House by Domenic Alvaro'''The Small House''' is a five-storey family house in Surry Hill, Sydney, Australia.",
"The house has become known for its size, the customized dimensions of the building plot and also through a TV show that focuses on interesting and unusual buildings."
],
[
"History",
"In 2010, architect Domenic Alvaro (a member of the Woods Bagot architecture firm) and his partner Sue Bassett decided to purchase a building plot near the centre of Sydney to build a house.",
"Due to high land prices, their real estate agent offered them three parking spaces for purchase, totalling 6x7 metres (~19.6×23 ft).",
"Domenic and Sue eventually bought the land, unsure whether the building would be permitted.",
"They eventually received a building permit from the city and it took a year to build the house.",
"It was completed in 2011.The house was documented in the second episode of the first series of the LifeStyle Channel's Grand Design Australia television series.",
"The house was designed by Alvaro himself.=== Layout ===On the ground floor there is a garage and storage rooms.",
"On the first floor there is a bathroom and a bedroom, on the second floor a living room.",
"On the third a dining room with kitchen and on the fourth a small study with roof terrace.=== Awards ===The house has received the following awards:* 2011 World House of the Year, World Architecture Festival* 2011 AIA National Award for Small Project Architecture, Australian Institute of Architects"
],
[
"See also",
"* Woods Bagot"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* https://www.archilovers.com/projects/44169/small-house.html* https://www.lunchboxarchitect.com/featured/small-house/"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Arthur James Perkins"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Arthur James Perkins''' (11 May 1871 – 23 June 1944) was a viticulturist, important in the early history of South Australia's wine industry.",
"He was headmaster of Roseworthy Agricultural College for ten years, and credited with developing many leaders in primary production."
],
[
"History",
"Perkins was born in Ramleh, Egypt, a son of Anna Edith Perkins, née Barker, and William Edmund Perkins (1848–1915), a Reuters agent.",
"He was educated at St Louis College, Carthage, St Charles College, Tunis, All Saints' School, Bloxham, England, and the École Nationale d'Agriculture at Montpellier, France, with a special interest in viticulture.",
"By this time his father was managing a French energy company in Tunisia, and Perkins found employment managing several properties in that country.He was in Tunis when, on the strong recommendation of Mons.",
"G. de Foix, Director of the School of Agriculture, Montpellier, he was offered the position of chief viticulturist to the South Australian government.",
"He was appointed Professor of Viticulture in South Australia in 1892, over the protests of those who wanted someone with local knowledge.",
":\"Our soils and climates could produce wine equal to any, and what we wanted chiefly at present was some one to advise our vignerons in winemaking.",
"We wanted to build up a large export trade, by which alone we could hope to extend the industry to the fullest possible extent, and the export of inferior quality wine might do more to cripple our viticultural industry than anything else.",
"It would be very inadvisable to confine the selection of an expert to residents of South Australia or any of the other colonies.\"",
"(Richard Butler)The government expected that the professor would establish an experimental vineyard and orchard in conjunction with Roseworthy College, and instruct the students.",
"He would visit South Australia's vineyards and orchards and give advice and instruction to farmers on viticulture and fruitgrowing.",
"He would be attached to the college, with quarters there, and draw a salary of £850 per annum.",
"He would be responsible to Professor William Lowrie, but have a free hand as to his own movements and program.Perkins, then 21 years of age, arrived in Adelaide aboard the SS ''Arcadia'' on 17 July 1892.In 1894 he was appointed inspector under the Vine, Fruit, and Vegetable Protection Act.In 1898 graduated students taking further studies in Europe, reported that Roseworthy's facilities and training were every bit as good as those in London, and Montpellier.In 1899 he was, with Maurice William Holtze (shortly to be replaced by George Quin), one of two government appointees to the original Phylloxera Board, whose other members were Thomas Hardy, George Fullerton Cleland, Henry Maydwell Martin, William Patrick Auld, Hermann Büring, and Benno Seppelt.He was appointed Principal of Roseworthy College in 1904 and in 1914 promoted to Director of Agriculture, succeeding Professor Lowrie.He retired in 1936, and was awarded an OBE in 1937."
],
[
"Personal",
"Perkins married Mary Ethel Haslam at Geelong, Victoria on 7 March 1900 and had a home at 44 Marlborough Street, Brighton, South Australia.Their son, Dr Horace James Perkins (1901–1986), was a talented musician and composer.An archetypal \"absent-minded professor\", Perkins was fluent in Arabic, French and Italian, and a scholar of Latin and classical Greek.",
"In quiet moments at Roseworthy he was known to amuse himself by producing original translations of Greek classics.He wrote an extensive history of the first decade (1836–1846) of South Australian Pastoral and Agricultural industries.",
"A supporter of John Ridley, he wrote a detailed refutation of (W.A.",
"Director of Agriculture) George L. Sutton's espousal of John Wrathall Bull's claims to invention of the stripper.He died at a private hospital in Glenelg, and his remains privately interred in St Jude's cemetery, Brighton."
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Kenny French"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Kenny French''' is an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1993 to 1995.French was elected in 1992 after incumbent representative Gex Williams was removed from the ballot due to redistricting.",
"He was defeated for reelection in 1994 by Republican Paul Marcotte."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Ro65-6570"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Ro65-6570''' is an opioid drug.",
"It has a potential use in preventing the addiction to other opioids."
],
[
"Mechanism of action",
"Ro65-6570 is an opioid drug, it works by activating opioid receptors.",
"However, instead of acting at the mu, kappa and delta receptors, it is instead an agonist at the nociceptin receptor."
],
[
"Potential uses",
"=== Analgesic ===Ro65-6570 has analgesic properties.",
"In rats, it's able to reduce cancer pain.",
"It is also able to reduce pain caused by arthritis.=== Prevention of opioid addiction ===While being an opioid agonist, Ro65-6570 did not display addictive properties, it instead reduced the addictive properties of other opioids, but did not affect the analgesic effect of those.",
"This could make it useful if combined with more potent opioids, for example oxycodone and Ro65-6570 would reduce pain, but would be less addictive, unlike oxycodone alone.",
"This effect was antagonized by the nociceptin receptor antagonist J-113,397, further suggesting that this action is linked to the NOP receptor."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Siege of Nakfa"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''siege of Nakfa''' took place in 1977 in and around the town of Nakfa in western Eritrea.",
"It was laid to siege by the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) against a small isolated Ethiopian battalion."
],
[
"Background",
"In November 1974, following the Ethiopian Revolution and the fall of Haile Selassie's regime a couple of months prior, efforts were initiated to reinforce troops in Eritrea to bolster the stationed army.",
"The Ethiopian 15th Infantry Battalion, which had been deployed in Gojjam, commenced its march to Eritrea, passing through Bahir Dar, Gondar, Adwa, and Mendefera.",
"After engaging with the Eritrean guerrillas near Elabored, the 15th Ethiopian Infantry Battalion headed to Nakfa to replace the Ethiopian 11th Battalion.",
"On its way to Nakfa, the 15th Ethiopian Infantry Battalion overran defenses held by the Eritrean rebels in June 1975.Upon receiving critical intelligence from the departing unit, the 15th Ethiopian Infantry Battalion initiated strikes against EPLF-held territories, inflicting significant casualties on the guerrillas.",
"In response, the rebels launched a counteroffensive from all directions in September 1975, attempting to overrun Nakfa.",
"However, the Ethiopians defended their positions, repelling the rebels and constructing new trenches and foxholes."
],
[
"The siege",
"On September 17, 1976, the rebels launched a significant close-in offensive against Nakfa in an attempt to overpower the battalion stationed there.",
"While providing close air support to the battalion, a jet fighter was downed by rebel gunfire.",
"Efforts to capture the ejected pilot ensued, resulting in the deaths of 12 soldiers.",
"Despite the ongoing siege and the continual influx of rebel reinforcements, the battalion defended Nakfa against countless attempts by the guerrillas to breach their defenses.",
"Despite being outnumbered, they successfully repelled the relentless assaults.",
"Though the Eritreans failed to take Nakfa, they managed to surround the battalion and put the garrison under siege.",
"Raising the total number of their fighters to about 3,000 against the small garrison of 200 men, of whom 60 were wounded.In late September 1976, in response to urgent telegraph messages from Major Mammo Temtime, commander of the 15th battalion, 100 paratroopers volunteered to help relive the trapped garrison.",
"After landing a week later, the relived garrison were able to attacked the entrenched guerrillas, taking control of the strategic hills around Nafka.",
"The garrison hoped for more reinforcements and supplies, but due to the power struggles in the Derg regime, the military commanders in Asmara failed to send any more reinforcements.",
"As a result, the battalion was forced to withdraw back into Nafka.At this point the besieged troops began to suffer from serious shortages of supplies and equipment.",
"Due to the lack of rations, the garrison had began to suffer from starvation, and the troops were forced to forage for food.",
"In October 1976, the government troops numbered around 297, within a month that number had dwindled to 170 soldiers.",
"The garrison desperately waited for months for the arrival of supplies and reinforcements.",
"On January 13, 1977, the garrison sent an emotional telegram message to the military government::We did not realize that we had been thrown away to be finished off by starvation and enemy fire!",
"Like all other human beings, we have our own families.",
"But we have been thrown away like aging dogs.",
"Our children and families who are longing to see us alive always receive news about our death.",
"If we had committed mistakes, we have to be told explicitly and punished accordingly.Despite this appeal, the message was ignored by the Derg, which had became embroiled in a power struggle, resulting in the execution of General Tafari Benti.",
"The matter concerning the Nakfa garrison appeared to have been disregarded.",
"The government's inability to provide relief or reinforcement to the Nakfa garrison served to embolden the EPLF.",
"The much-anticipated assault eventually occurred on March 22, 1977, when EPLF fighters attacked the exhausted Ethiopian defenders, at this point the defenders managed to rushed through the EPLF lines and break through the encirclement.",
"For the next three days, they suffered heavy casualties as they forced their way to friendly lines.",
"By March 25, 53 infantrymen and 22 paratroopers managed to safely reach Afabet, the rest presumed dead."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Kuettlingeria furax"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Kuettlingeria furax''''' is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae.",
"It was first formally described as a new species in 1983 by José María Egea Fernández and Xavier Llimona; they classified it in the genus ''Caloplaca''.",
"The type specimen of this lichen was discovered in the eastern part of the Sierra Morena mountains in Albacete, Spain.",
"It was found growing parasitically on other lichens in the genus ''Aspicilia'', which are found on silica-rich surfaces.",
"''Kuettlingeria furax'' appears as small, circular patches that are a deep brownish-grey colour.",
"It has a somewhat lobed edge, and its reproductive structures (apothecia), quickly lose their .",
"The authors compared it to ''Caloplaca conglomerata'', but noted the distinctness of its spores, which are broader and have a bulged middle.",
"The taxon was transferred to the genus ''Kuettlingeria'' in 2020; it has also been proposed for inclusion in the genus ''Pisutiella''."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Dahlia Belle"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Dahlia Belle''' (born ) is an American comedian and writer based in Portland, Oregon.Belle was born in Orlando, Florida, and spent part of her youth in the Midwest.",
"She performed as a musician for over ten years before shifting to stand-up comedy.",
"Belle moved to Portland in 2003.She helps produce the Portland Queer Comedy Festival.In addition to performing comedy, Belle has written for various publications, including ''Cosmopolitan'' and ''Portland Mercury''.",
"In 2021, she gained attention for publishing an open letter to comedian Dave Chappelle in ''The Guardian''.",
"She was among a number of comedians who criticized his Netflix special ''The Closer'' for including jokes they considered to be transphobic.In March 2024, Belle will appear in a Netflix comedy special, ''Gender Agenda'', hosted by Hannah Gadsby and also featuring fellow genderqueer comedians Jes Tom, Alok, Chloe Petts, DeAnne Smith, Krishna Istha, and Asha Ward."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"***"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"The Deep Field (novel)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''The Deep Field''''' (1999) is a novel by Australian writer James Bradley.",
"It was originally published by Sceptre in Australia in 1999."
],
[
"Synopsis",
"In the twenty-first century India and Pakistan have fought a brief nuclear war, Tokyo has been devastated by a major earthquake and Hong Kong is experiencing major civil unrest as a result.",
"Photographer Anna Frasier has returned to Sydney from Hong Kong where she meets palaeontologist Seth and his sister Rachel.",
"The novel follows the growing relationship between Anna and Seth against a backdrop of Sydney experiencing severe and extended heatwave weather."
],
[
"Publishing history",
"After its initial publication in Australia by Sceptre in 1999, the novel was reprinted as follows:* Sceptre, Australia, 2000* Headline Review, UK, 2000* Henry Holt, USA, 2000The novel was also translated into Polish and German in 2002."
],
[
"Critical reception",
"In the ''Australian Book Review'' Andrew Reimer noted: \"Bradley has the true novelist’s ability to get inside his characters and to observe how their attitudes and responses change and develop.",
"He knows, too, that holding back is frequently more effective than full disclosure...Bradley is working, I think, with his head and his intelligence, both considerable yet both a good deal less impressive than his novelist’s instincts.",
"When those instincts lead him to engage with his characters and their world (no matter how strange some of it may seem to us), ''The Deep Field'' reaches imaginative heights not often encountered in novels these days.",
"\"A reviewer for ''Publishers Weekly'' was also impressed: \"Bradley's supple prose is sonorously paced but, at times, his Proustian meditations on memory and love verge on the platitudinous, and metaphors and literary epigraphs pile up.",
"Still, Bradley creates a convincing futuristic vocabulary and makes deft use of the language of fossil research and photography, proving himself a talented novelist with staying power.\""
],
[
"Awards",
"* The Age Book of the Year Award - Fiction winner 1999"
],
[
"See also",
"* 1999 in Australian literature"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Dominican dembow"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Dominican dembow''' (), also known as simply '''dembow''', is a style of music originating from the Dominican Republic which has been mostly described as a subgenre or derivative form of reggaeton.",
"Dominican dembow is characterized by its use of a sped-up dembow rhythm as its core percussion element (while standard reggaeton employs the same rhythm at a slower tempo).The subgenre diverged from early reggaeton during the 2000s.",
"During this time, Puerto Rican reggaeton was evolving to become more melodic, polished, and lyrically romantic, and would eventually become the basis for most reggaeton music today.",
"However, the \"softening process\" marginalized the scene in the Dominican Republic, which retained a rawer, unembellished, and more aggressive sound.",
"A simultaneous shift towards faster tempos may have also been influenced by the country's \"historical preference\" for the fast merengue genre.Dominican dembow ultimately spread its influence beyond the Dominican Republic to countries like Spain, the United States, Chile, and Italy.",
"It came to be known globally as a result of the general growing popularity of Spanish-language music in the 2010s.",
"During this same decade trap music began to influence the production style of Dominican dembow.Dominican dembow artists are known as ''dembowseros.''",
"Notable ''dembowseros'' include Tokischa, Chimbala, El Alfa, and Ángel Dior.",
"Non-Dominican artists have also occasionally produced songs in this style, such as Bad Bunny with his hit song \"Tití Me Preguntó\"."
],
[
"See also",
"* Music of the Dominican Republic"
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Fugro SpAARC"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Fugro SpAARC''' Space Automation, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Control (SpAARC) facility is a mission control center created by a collaboration between the Australian Space Agency, the government of Western Australia (WA) and the Dutch company Fugro.",
"SpAARC provides telerobotic control for both spaceflight and terrestrial vehicles.",
"SpAARC, opened in November 2020, is Fugro's largest remote operations center.",
"SpAARC is located in Perth, Australia."
],
[
"Uses",
"Fugro SpAARC was selected as the contingency control center for the Intuitive Machines Nova-C IM-1 lunar landing mission."
],
[
"External links",
"* Fugro SpAARC"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"1910 Surigao's at-large Philippine Assembly district special election"
],
[
"Introduction",
"A special election (known elsewhere as \"by-elections\") for the seat of Surigao's at-large district in the Philippine Assembly, the lower house of the Philippine Legislature of the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands, was held on October 14, 1910.This was triggered due to the death of the incumbent Manuel Gavieres.",
"Governor-General William Cameron Forbes ordered the election to take place.",
"Inocencio Cortes won the special election."
],
[
"Result"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Moss Grove Plantation House"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Moss Grove Plantation House''' is a historic plantation house on the west bank of the Black River in unincorporated Catahoula Parish, Louisiana near Jonesville, Louisiana.",
"It was built around 1870 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006."
],
[
"History",
"Samuel and Caroline Cotton Wilmoth established the cotton plantation in 1836 as a forced-labor operation.",
"During the Civil War, the original house was attacked by American gunboats and the current house was built after the war.",
"In the 1970s, a levee was built behind the house instead of in front at the owners' request to avoid needing to relocate the structure away from the river."
],
[
"Architecture",
"The house is designed with the Greek revival architecture style more common with earlier Antebellum houses.",
"The front has columns on the facade while the inside has a central hall plan.",
"If both the paneled folding doors are opened, it has a dogtrot layout."
],
[
"See also",
"* List of plantations in Louisiana* National Register of Historic Places listings in Catahoula Parish, Louisiana"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Marcelino Gutiérrez"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Marceliano Gutiérrez Chávez''' ( — ) was a Peruvian colonel that had a minor role in the coup d'état headed by his brother Tomás Gutiérrez against then president José Balta on 22 July 1872, being the only one of his brothers to survive the riots caused in the aftermath of Balta's murder on 26 July."
],
[
"Early life",
"Gutiérrez was born in Huancarqui to a family of Spanish descent in 1829, the son of parents Luis Gutiérrez and Julia Chávez.",
"In 1849, he enlisted, along with his three brothers in the Peruvian Army, with Tomás distinguishing himself above the others.",
"He was described by historian Jorge Basadre as having a gentle character.Marcelino Gutiérrez married Mercedes Vargas in Lima's San Marcelo Church on 8 November 1869.Vargas was from Arequipa, the legitimate daughter of Manuel Vargas and Andrea Rojas Zúñiga.",
"His brother Tomás sponsored the ceremony.",
"He had five children with her, all born in Arequipa: Rosa Mercedes (1869), María Mercedes Hortensia (1877), María Natalia (1882), Leonor Angélica (1887) and Carmela Emperatriz Emiliana (1890).",
"He was also the father of María Eliselda Eduarda, baptized on October 28, 1866, in the same church, whose mother was Josefa Revolledo."
],
[
"Military career",
"Gutiérrez was first promoted to Corporal in 1851, becoming Second sergeant in August and First sergeant on November of the same year.",
"He was promoted to Junior lieutenant in 1854, and retired from active duty in 1855, rejoining in 1856.On 11 January 1858, he received his lieutenant's office, climbing ranks in the military hierarchy since then: in 1858 he was a graduated captain, in 1862 an effective captain, in 1862 graduated major, effective major in 1865, graduated lieutenant colonel in 1865, in 1867 an effective lieutenant colonel and in 1868 a graduated colonel.",
"He served under Torrico, Echenique, Castilla and Balta.===Coup d'état===Gutiérrez, who was in command of Battalion \"Ayacucho\" No.",
"4 (formerly Column \"Paucarpata\" No.",
"2), stationed at Santa Catalina barracks, had a very minor role in the coup d'état headed by his three brothers.",
"Initially given refuge by a friendly family, he attempted to flee to the port of Callao, but was later imprisoned and put on trial.",
"Through an amnesty law he was released eight months later.===War of the Pacific===Gutiérrez participated in the defence of Arequipa during the War of the Pacific.",
"In 1880, he was ordered by Nicolás de Piérola to organise the Battalion \"Peruvian Legion\" (''Legión Peruana''), whose command he assumed until July, which formed part of the Vanguard Division headed by .",
"Despite having the authorisation to march towards Tacna to assist the army stationed there, the division reached Moquegua and returned to Arequipa."
],
[
"Death",
"Gutiérrez later moved to Arequipa, where he died of tuberculosis in 1904."
],
[
"See also",
"* Tomás Gutiérrez* Silvestre Gutiérrez* Marceliano Gutiérrez"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Vimonda"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Vimonda''''' is an 1787 tragedy by the Scottish writer Andrew Macdonald.",
"After first appearing at the Theatre Royal, Edinburgh in was then staged at London's Theatre Royal, Haymarket on 5 September 1787.The original Haymarket cast included Elizabeth Kemble as Vimonda, Stephen Kemble as Rothsay, John Bannister as Melville, Robert Bensley as Dundore, James Aickin as Barnard and Frances Barnet Woollery as Alfreda."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* Greene, John C. ''Theatre in Dublin, 1745-1820: A Calendar of Performances, Volume 6''.",
"Lexington Books, 2011.",
"* Nicoll, Allardyce.",
"''A History of English Drama 1660–1900: Volume III''.",
"Cambridge University Press, 2009.",
"* Hogan, C.B (ed.)",
"''The London Stage, 1660–1800: Volume V''.",
"Southern Illinois University Press, 1968."
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"July 1822 Spanish coup d'état"
],
[
"Introduction",
"street of 7 de julio with the Plaza Mayor of Madrid, place of the confrontation between the National Militia, stationed inside the square, and the Royal Guard rebels.The '''Spanish coup d'état of July 1822''', also known as the '''coup d'état of July 7''', was a failed coup d'état that took place in Spain during the Liberal Triennium.",
"It was intended to put an end by force to the constitutional regime, reestablished after the triumph of the Revolution of 1820, and to restore the absolute monarchy.",
"As Juan Francisco Fuentes has pointed out, \"it was the most serious attempt of absolutist coup d'état, which not in vain had its epicenter in the Royal Palace of Madrid\", although it had numerous ramifications outside the capital, which demonstrates \"the existence of a relatively broad and mature plan\".",
"\"It marked a turning point in the course of the Triennium\", stressed Ángel Bahamonde and Jesús Antonio Martínez.",
"The same thesis is held by Pedro Rújula and Manuel Chust: \"The July crisis marked in a traumatic way the evolution of the constitutional regime\".According to Emilio La Parra López, the idea of carrying out a coup d'état against the constitutional regime arose from a private interview of King Ferdinand VII with the French ambassador Count de La Garde which took place at the beginning of May 1822 and during which both agreed that it should follow the model of Napoleon's 18th Brumaire.",
"The definitive project of the coup, according to La Parra, was devised in the entourage of Fernando VII and its specific plan was taken from the \"Conspiracy of Matías Vinuesa\" of the previous year.",
"The \"''Confidencias''\", the secret network spread throughout the country of absolutist groups financed and directed from the Palace, would be in charge of its execution, and the officer of the corps Ramón Zuloaga, Count of Torrealta, would be in charge of revolting the Royal Guard.",
"The Marquis de las Amarillas, direct witness of the events, wrote in his Memories: \"The king was the soul and first motive of the insurrection\".",
"On July 4, in the middle of the coup, Ambassador La Garde communicated to his government in a coded message: \"The king is completely committed and is the one who orders things\" —according to La Garde, the king asked him to try to get the government to join the operation, but it failed—.On July 1st the Royal Guard revolted and Ferdinand VII was on the point of \"leaving with the rebels to lead the counterrevolution\".",
"The king consulted with the government of the moderate liberal \"''anillero''\" Francisco Martínez de la Rosa, whose members spent most of the time in the Royal Palace as virtual prisoners (and there were orders prepared for their imprisonment), and the latter advised against it because it was too risky.",
"\"The Government allowed itself to be locked up in the Palace, together with the King, because in short, what was being done was to put Vinuesa's old plan into practice\", said Alberto Gil Novales.",
"\"For a whole interminable week the palace was the center of an ambitious counterrevolutionary action.",
"Madrid became hostage to the forces of the King's Guard, and the monarch himself, with his ambiguous and silent attitude, held the Executive hostage, preventing it from taking action and leaving the initiative to the rebels\", Rújula and Chust pointed out.",
"Finally, the Royal Guard was defeated in the \"'''Day of July 7'''\" by the constitutional forces led by the National Militia."
],
[
"Background",
"Equestrian portrait of Ferdinand VII by José de Madrazo (1821), Museo del Prado.During the spring of 1822 the actions of the royalist parties increased notably (especially in Catalonia, Navarre, the Basque Country, Galicia, Aragon and Valencia, and more sporadically in Asturias, Old Castile, Leon, Extremadura, Murcia, Andalusia and New Castile) and there were several attempts at absolutist rebellions, the most important of which occurred in Valencia on May 30, 1822.On that date the artillerymen of the Citadel rose up in the name of the absolute king and proclaimed as Captain General of Valencia General Elío, who had already led the coup d'état of 1814 that restored absolutism and who was then in prison.",
"The insurrection only lasted one day as the constitutionalist forces stormed the Citadel.",
"General Elío, who probably had not participated in the conspiracy, was tried and condemned to death by garrote vil, a sentence that was carried out on September 4.",
"\"Elío paid with his life not so much for the uprising of 1822 as for the pronunciamiento of 1814 and the long repression he had exercised over the liberals\", Alberto Gil Novales has pointed out.",
"That same day, May 30, the King's name day, a crowd gathered around the Palace of Aranjuez to acclaim Ferdinand VII with shouts of \"Long live the King alone!\"",
"and \"Long live the absolute King!\"",
"and there were moments of tension between members of the Royal Guard, which had become one of the mainstays of the counterrevolution, and the National Militia.",
"\"The relevant thing about that day is that it did not seem to be a spontaneous movement but was almost unanimously interpreted as a planned royalist action.",
"It was even rumored that it was a plan to proclaim the absolute king\".The following month, believing that Prince Carlos was going to lead the uprising, the Carabineers Brigade rebelled in Castro del Río, which on July 1 was to be dissolved in compliance with a decree of the Cortes of May 19.The Carabineers Brigade was, together with the Royal Guard, one of the two military corps most disaffected with the constitutional regime, since they were exponents of the Old Regime's own estamental army.",
"Of the Royal Guard, Francisco Fernández de Córdoba said that he had a brother in it: \"they lived in a state of permanent conspiracy, and they were busy... in hatching plots and forging plots to overthrow the restorers of the Constitution in a short period of time\".",
"The rebellion of the carabinieri was the prologue to the uprising of the Royal Guard and almost coincided with the capture of La Seu d'Urgell on June 21 by the royalist parties.",
"\"From that moment on, the counterrevolution had a rebellious nucleus in Spanish territory.",
"It was one of the conditions that France had imposed to lend its support to the king.",
"When the news reached Aranjuez, the courtiers raised their spirits and resumed conspiratorial activity with new energy\".",
"The Marquis of Miraflores wrote in his ''Apuntes histórico-críticos'' (1834) that on the eve of the \"Day of July 7\" \"Spain offered the horrible spectacle of a bloody civil war\"."
],
[
"Coup d'état",
"=== Uprising of the Royal Guard ===View of the mountain and palace of El Pardo where four battalions of the Royal Guard went in the early morning of July 1 to 2, initiating the coup.On June 30, 1822, when the king returned from closing the session of the Cortes —the monarch had returned to Madrid three days earlier from Aranjuez where he had been residing since March— in the vicinity of the Royal Palace groups of civilians shouted \"Long live the Constitution!\"",
"which were answered with \"Long live the absolute king!\"",
"from the Royal Guard.",
"Then an altercation took place which resulted in the death of a member of the National Militia and the liberal lieutenant of the Royal Guard Mamerto Landaburu murdered by his comrades in the courtyard of the palace (in his honor the Landaburian patriotic society would be founded).",
"The lieutenant had confronted them, reproaching them for their behavior (they had expelled the National Militia that was in charge of the security of the area and had cordoned off the perimeter of the Palace) and their cheers in favor of the absolute king.",
"According to the ''Historia de la vida y reinado de Fernando VII'' published in 1842, once the king arrived at the palace, the guard dislodged a guardhouse of the National Militia and the peasants who occupied the ''Plaza de Oriente'' and advanced their positions without heeding the orders of their superiors, encouraged from the balconies of the palace.",
"In such a situation, Mamerto Landaburu, 1st lieutenant of the Royal Guard Infantry Regiment, known for his liberal ideas, tried to impose order on his subordinates, who responded with insults.",
"The young lieutenant responded to the insubordination by wounding one of the guards with his saber and, although other comrades-in-arms tried to save him from the irritation of the wounded man's companions, taking him into the palace, he was killed by three grenadiers who shot him in the back.",
"The news of the murder of Lieutenant Landáburu and of the defiant attitude of the Royal Guard circulated rapidly throughout Madrid.Faced with these events, the City Council of Madrid took the initiative, which would be joined by the Permanent Deputation of Cortes, mobilizing the National Militia and demanding that the Government punish those guilty of the murders and disorders.",
"It was also presented an exposition to the king in which it was said that Madrid was \"in general alarm\" and insisted on the \"constant conspiracy\" that had been observed \"for some time against our precious liberties\".",
"On the night of July 1 to 2, four battalions of the Royal Guard, totaling some 1,500 men, left their barracks to position themselves in El Pardo —where they tore off the constitutional plaque—, while the other two remained guarding the Royal Palace.",
"\"This movement constituted the first act of an operation of assault to the constitutional order that would keep the country in suspense for seven days\".",
"In fact, it was foreseen that Fernando VII with his family would go to El Pardo to be proclaimed absolute king there, but \"the king did not dare to leave Madrid or did not consider it convenient, and tried to finish everything from the palace\", surrounded by aristocrats and military men of his full confidence, among whom was the Marquis of Las Amarillas.Due to the paralysis of the political head of Madrid (and of the Government), the City Council assumed in practice all the powers and organized the resistance of the capital.",
"The already mobilized militiamen were joined by the local garrison, commanded by General Morillo, generals who went to the City Hall —Riego, Ballesteros and Palarea— and a group of officers without a posting in Madrid who that same day, July 1, formed together with fellow countrymen the Sacred Battalion, armed by the City Hall, and which was commanded by General Evaristo San Miguel.",
"The Marquis of Miraflores affirmed in his ''Apuntes histórico-críticos'' (1834) that Madrid \"was an encampment\", with its center in the ''Plaza de la Constitución'' defended by the Militia and by some artillery pieces.",
"The newspaper ''El Universal'' wondered in its July 3 edition in reference to the Royal Guard in revolt:But what are these illusions trying to do?",
"What is their plan?",
"What do they foresee as the outcome of this outrageous sedition?",
"Do they expect that the inhabitants of the capital, its brave garrison, its valiant militia, and so many brave and determined patriots, who at this moment are with arms in hand, determined to die for the constitution, will be humbled by receiving the law from a handful of undisciplined soldiers?Francisco Martínez de la Rosa, leader of the Government, whose members were confined in the Royal Palace.Following the \"Vinuesa's plan\", the king had called to the Palace the Government led by the moderate liberal \"''anillero''\" Francisco Martínez de la Rosa with the pretext of looking for a solution to the crisis and its members considered themselves obliged to go.",
"As soon as they arrived, they were confined in a room of the Palace without being able to leave it —according to the French ambassador, Count de La Garde, also present in the Palace, the confinement of the ministers was due to the fact that they refused to support the coup and during their confinement they were subjected to insulting and degrading treatment by the servants—.",
"The Government, locked up there, did not declare in rebellion the battalions of the Royal Guard that had left for El Pardo, not considering them a threat, and limited itself to ordering their transfer, without being obeyed.",
"Nor did he second the initiatives of the City Council and the Permanent Deputation.",
"It seemed that the Government was adopting an ambiguous position, \"complicit\" according to the exalted liberals (who called Martínez de la Rosa, ''Rosita la Pastelera''), trying to take advantage of the uprising of the Royal Guard to impose its plan of Chambers (to introduce a second Chamber to \"stop\" the \"radical\" impulses of the Congress of Deputies).Meanwhile, Ferdinand VII had sent on July 2 a letter to Louis XVIII in which he asked him to intervene: \"I beg your Majesty to consider the state of my dangerous situation and my royal family so that without loss of time sufficient help may come as best it can to save us\".",
"On July 6, in an unequivocal sign of complicity with the rebels, he did not accept the resignation presented to him by the Government.",
"Apparently in the Palace the coup plotters were debating between the \"sacrifice of a part of the absolute authority enjoyed in 1814\", as recommended to the king by the French ambassador La Garde (that is to say, to adopt the model of the ''Carta Otorgada''), or the maximalist position of pure absolutism.",
"Martínez de la Rosa was aware of these discussions (while waiting for the option of reforming the Constitution introduced by his ''plan of Chambers'' to triumph), but finally the second alternative prevailed after consulting the Council of State, which ruled that it was not possible to immediately reform the Constitution —previously Fernando VII had tried to get the Council of State to endorse the coup d'état by restoring his absolute powers prior to the revolution of 1820—.",
"The king's decision not to accept a \"temperate monarchy\" was also influenced by the news that a royalist insurrection had broken out in Andalusia.=== \"Day of July 7th\" ===View of the Puerta del Sol in 1820.In the background the fountain and the church of Buen Suceso and to the right the Casa de Correos.In the early morning of July 7th the four battalions of El Pardo fell silently by surprise on Madrid.",
"They penetrated through the Portillo del Conde-Duque, dividing into three columns that headed for the Artillery Park, the Puerta del Sol and the Plaza de la Constitución, defended by the Militia.",
"The column heading to the Artillery Park was dispersed by a detachment of the ''Sacred Battalion''.",
"The one in the Plaza de la Constitución was confronted by the National Militia, groups of peasants armed by the City Council and also by the ''Sacred Battalion''.",
"The royal guards were forced to retreat towards the Puerta del Sol, where the most intense fighting took place, and then towards the Royal Palace, where they took refuge to flee.",
"Contrary to the hopes of the coup plotters, the action of the Royal Guard had not popular support, although money had been distributed in the poorest neighborhoods.The king's involvement in the insurrection became even more clearly evident when, according to the memoirs of the Marquis of Las Amarillas (who witnessed the events), the officers of the Royal Guard who were preparing to flee (or surrender) \"began to bid farewell to the royal family, as if they were going to certain death; the queen was convulsed and almost shaken; the king, moved; the princesses, very moved\".",
"The royal guards were pursued in their flight —to the Alcorcón markets— by the army and by militiamen.",
"Very few managed to join the royalist parties.",
"According to Josep Fontana, \"while all these things were happening, the ministers endured, kept quiet, dissimulated.",
"They managed, with this, to hide the complicity of the king and left things in such a way that he could begin to organize his next attempt against the constitutional regime with more success\".",
"As Pedro Rújula pointed out, \"the king acted as if he had nothing to do with what had happened.",
"He congratulated the forces of freedom, opened a case against the Guard and expelled from his side the courtiers most identified with the conspiracy....",
"The ministers who had been held hostage for six days were finally able to go home\".lithograph by Luis Carlos Legrand, National Library of Spain).",
"The inscription reads: \"Day of July 7th, eternal honor!",
"\".Victory went to the militiamen and volunteers who managed to defeat the royal guards and the cheers to the Constitution spread throughout the capital.",
"\"July 7 became a heroic day for the memory of liberalism, through the construction of a story in virtue of which the ''people'' of Madrid had defeated absolutism and saved the Constitution\", said Álvaro París Martín.",
"The following day, ''El Universal'' published that \"the anniversary of July 7, 1822 will be celebrated by our descendants\" as proof that \"there is no human force that can resist the will of a great people that has resolved to die or live free\".",
"The \"heroic deed\" was immortalized in a series of engravings of the \"Memorable day of July 7, 1822\".",
"In addition, a solemn burial was held for a fallen militiaman on July 7.The coffin was \"carried through the main streets scandalously surrounded by palms and laurels\", according to an absolutist, until it reached the cemetery of the Puerta de Fuencarral.This view has been assumed by several current historians.",
"\"The victory was won by the people, who had in those days, but especially on July 7, a heroic performance\", Alberto Gil Novales has stressed.",
"Juan Sisinio Pérez Garzón, quoted by Bahamonde and Martínez, has highlighted the role played by the National Militia and within it by the popular sectors.",
"\"In effect, the more open character that the militia was endowed with at the initiative of the ''exalted'' and the city council in the interpretation of the successive regulations, made that half or two thirds of each company of the second and third battalions were composed of artisans who lived on a casual and daily work\", Bahamonde and Martínez have affirmed following Perez Garzon.",
"Pérez Garzón concludes: \"The constitutional forces won the battle of July 7.The protagonism was in the militia, which agglutinated in its three battalions from the proletarianized layers of the Madrid population to the aristocrats and bankers of the cavalry squadron, including middle strata such as employees and small landowners\".",
"Álvaro París Martín disagrees with this view, pointing out, first, that the \"''paisanaje'' did not have any participation\" in the combats against the Royal Guard —he recognizes that \"on July 7 there were armed citizen parties that fought together with the three battalions of the militia\", \"but none of the available sources suggests an uprising of popular character\"—, and secondly, that the percentages of the participation of the day laborers and artisans in the militia estimated by Pérez Garzón were much lower —\"the representation of the lower sectors of the labor universe in Madrid was limited\", affirms París Martín—.Alberto Gil Novales has also pointed out that if, in spite of the support he had (\"the King and the royal family, the Government, the high hierarchies of the army and the Church, the palaces, etc.\")",
"\"the insurrection failed, it was due to the lack of unity as to the aims of the rebels, since some wanted the famous ''plan'' ''of Chambers'', that is, the introduction of a Senate to curb the possible inclination towards democracy of the Cortes, and others wanted a return to absolutism without further ado.",
"They also acted hastily and with evident clumsiness\"."
],
[
"Consequences",
"street of July 7 that gives access to the Plaza Mayor of Madrid, dedicated to the \"July 7 Day\" of 1822.The prosecutor Juan de Paredes instructed the process, after other prosecutors had resigned to do so.",
"He could not prosecute the King because according to the Constitution he was inviolable, although he did believe he could take his statement, but he proposed to prosecute the rest of those allegedly involved: members of the royal family, ministers, high officials of the Palace, generals,...",
"Some fled abroad in spite of the pardon that the king granted them.",
"Finally, on November 2, 1822, the Special Court of War and Navy took the case away from Paredes and closed it.",
"\"There will be no more responsibilities, except for a couple of wretches who will be garrotted\".",
"The king, with a high degree of cynicism, had congratulated the City Council and the Permanent Deputation for their performance during the crisis and had unloaded all responsibility on the ministers.",
"At the beginning of the following year the Permanent Deputation approved an opinion on what had happened in which it praised the City Council of Madrid and the militia, and highlighted the weakness of the Government and its indirect complicity, as well as that of the Council of State and the political chief of Madrid, but did not directly accuse the king due to his irresponsibility and inviolability.",
"Thus, the king and the members of his family were not incriminated and the official explanation that Ferdinand VII had been surrounded by \"perfidious advisors\" was imposed.As Juan Francisco Fuentes has pointed out, \"the failure of the coup d'état of July 7, 1822 marks a before and after in the history of the Liberal Triennium: after that day, power passed from the moderates to the exalted.",
"But the change of cycle that the coup d'état of July 7 did not end with this fact.",
"The enemies of liberalism took good note of the inability of Spanish absolutism to overthrow the constitutional regime by its own means...",
"This analysis of the failure of the coup meant that from then on almost all the pressure on the regime came from abroad, where Spanish liberalism had old enemies\".",
"Gil Novales agrees: \"for the absolutists and their more or less shameful allies, the failure of the ''Siete de Julio'' (7th of July) forced them to resort to foreign invasion\".",
"\"Ferdinand VII was the first to realize this,\" said Emilio La Parra López, who pointed out that on July 7 the foreign ambassadors threatened the Spanish Government by means of a note in which \"in the most formal manner\" they warned \"that the relations of Spain with the whole of Europe will depend on the conduct observed with respect to H.M.C.",
"His Catholic Majesty, official title of Ferdinand VII, and that the slightest outrage to the royal majesty will plunge the Peninsula into an abyss of calamities\".During the coup both the City Council of Madrid and the Permanent Deputation had addressed the King so that he would fulfill his constitutional role, even threatening him with the appointment of a Regency.",
"Once the attempted absolutist coup d'état had failed, the two institutions again insisted that the constitutional path be followed, as well as demanding the punishment of the guilty, the purge of the Palace servants —the High Steward and the commander of the guard were dismissed— and the appointment of a new government.",
"On July 18 the Permanent Deputation reiterated to him: \"Manifest Y.M.",
"in a firm and resolute way your decision for the constitutional system: accompany the words with works, and the tranquility and reciprocal confidence will be soon reestablished\".Casa de la Panadería, located on the north side of the Plaza Mayor in Madrid.",
"From its balconies the municipal corporation, accompanied by the wounded and relatives of those who died on the ''Day of July 7'', presided over the parade of the forces that had defeated the rebel Royal Guard.As the moderate liberals were completely discredited by the ambiguous attitude that, at least the \"''anilleros''\", maintained during the coup d'état, the king was forced to appoint on August 5 a cabinet made up of exalted liberals whose strong man was General Evaristo San Miguel, one of the heroes of July 7, who occupied the Secretariat of the Office of State.",
"One of its members was General Miguel López de Baños, who, like San Miguel, had participated in Riego's pronunciamiento.",
"The rest of the Secretaries of the Office were Mariano Egea, in the Treasury; Felipe Navarro, in Grace and Justice; Dionisio Capaz, in the Navy; José Fernández Gascó, in the Interior; and José Manuel Vadillo, in Overseas.On September 24, the commemorative acts of the \"Day of July 7\" were celebrated in Madrid with a parade in which all the forces that had defeated the rebel Royal Guard took part.",
"During the military meal that followed, the new political chief Juan Palarea gave a speech in homage \"to those who defended their freedom in the squares and streets of this capital\".",
"Then the \"heroes of July 7\", including the Neapolitan general Guglielmo Pepe, were carried on shoulders amidst cheers and the music of ''Riego's Hymn''.",
"The celebration ended in the evening at the theater, where the political play ''Coletilla en Navarra'' was performed.",
"At the end of the performance, the popular celebration continued in the Plaza de la Constitución with three bands playing from the balconies of the Casa de la Panadería and the buildings across the street."
],
[
"See also",
"* ''Trienio liberal''"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* * * * * * * * * * *"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Illumishade"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Illumishade''' is a Swiss rock and metal band.",
"The band was founded in 2019 by Eluveitie band members Fabienne Erni and Jonas Wolf and makes cinematic and fantasy music, combined with rock and metal.",
"They are currently signed to Napalm Records.",
"The band's name is a combination of the English words illumination and shade and refers to the contrast between light and darkness that emerges in the songs, as well as the contrast between quiet and heavy songs."
],
[
"History",
"Illumishade was created because Erni had to put together a music concept and band to obtain her master's degree in September 2018.Afterwards, all band members decided to continue the band and record an album.The first single ''World's End'' was released on 5 February 2020, followed just over a week later by the second single ''Rise''.",
"On 15 May 2020, the band self-released their debut album ''Eclyptic: Wake of Shadows''.",
"The album was well received.On 14 and 15 April 2023, Illumishade played a concert in the Netherlands for the first time, after an earlier concert in 2021 was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.",
"In July 2023, the band signed a contract with Napalm Records and the second album ''Another Side of You'' was announced for February 2024.At the same time, a European tour was announced."
],
[
"Discography",
"=== Studio albums === Year Title Notes 2020 ''Eclyptic: Wake of Shadows'' 2024 ''Another Side of You'' === Singles === Year Title Album Notes2020 \"World's End\" Eclyptic: Wake of Shadows \"Rise\" \"Muse of Unknown Forces\" \"Into the Unknown\" cover from Frozen II2021 \"The Endless Vow\" \"Destined Path\" 2022 \"Elegy\" ''Another Side of You''2023 \"Hymn\" \"Enemy\" \"Here We Are\" 2024 \"Cloudreader\"\"Riptide\"=== Promotional singles === Year Title Album Notes2020 \"Crystal Silence\" Eclyptic: Wake of Shadows \"Rise\" (Live Acoustic Version) 2021 \"What Have I Become\" (Live Acoustic Version)"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Northern Mariana Islands at the 2024 World Aquatics Championships"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Northern Mariana Islands''' is set to compete at the 2024 World Aquatics Championships in Doha, Qatar from 2 to 18 February."
],
[
"Swimming",
"Northern Mariana Islands entered 2 swimmers.",
"; MenAthleteEventHeatSemifinalFinalTimeRankTimeRankTimeRankIsaiah Aleksenko200 metre butterfly2:10.1736Did not advance200 metre individual medleyDisqualifiedDid not advance; WomenAthleteEventHeatSemifinalFinalTimeRankTimeRankTimeRankMaria Batallones100 metre breaststroke1:19.7948Did not advance200 metre breaststroke2:54.7329Did not advance"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Cornutalis"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Cornutalis''''' is a genus of treehoppers belonging to the subfamily Smiliinae.",
"It was first described by Albino M. Sakakibara in 1998, and contains 3 species."
],
[
"Species",
"* ''Cornutalis andina'' Flórez-Valencia, 2017* ''Cornutalis cauca'' Sakakibara, 1998* ''Cornutalis valida'' Sakakibara, 1998"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
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