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[
[
"Asaphellus"
],
[
"Introduction",
"''Asaphellus'' fossil from Mila formation, Ordovician period, Damghan, Iran'''''Asaphellus''''' is an extinct genus of trilobites reported from the Ordovician.",
"It is seen in Argentina, Bolivia, Mexico, America, Algeria, Iran, Spain, Portugal, France, Great Britain, Czech Republic, Norway, Sweden and China."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Alfred Johansson (football manager)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Alfred Johansson''' (born 13 September 1990) is a Swedish football manager, and is currently the manager of Rosenborg."
],
[
"Career",
"=== F.C.",
"Copenhagen ===On 22 July 2019 he was appointed manager of Copenhagen under-17.On 29 September 2022 he was appointed manager of Copenhagen under-19, after Hjalte Nørregaard was appointed as the new assistant manger of the senior squad.=== Rosenborg BK ===On 14 December 2023 Johansson was appointed head coach of Rosenborg.",
"He signed a three year contract lasting through 2026."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2019 Central American Championships in Athletics"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The 30th '''Central American Championships in Athletics''' were held at the Estadio Olímpico del IND in Managua, Nicaragua, between 22 and 23 June 2019.A total of 44 events were contested, 22 by men, 22 by women."
],
[
"Medal summary",
"===Men===100 metres (wind: +2.7 m/s) 10.42 10.44 10.46200 metres (wind: +1.3 m/s) 21.16 21.23 21.45400 metres 46.50 46.71 47.70800 metres 1:50.89 1:55.02 1:57.031500 metres 3:53.36 3:56.17 3:56.385000 metres 14:49.88 14:58.86 15:20.2310,000 metres 31:15.86 32:30.13 33:01.63110 metres hurdles (wind: +0.9 m/s) 14.14 14.31 14.46400 metres hurdles 50.16 50.70 50.963000 metres steeplechase 9:29.58 9:41.97 9:43.014 × 100 metres relay Brayan GuzmanShermal CalimoreJeikob MongeHéctor Allen 40.44 Andrés WoodroffAlberto MurrellWilliams RíosMateo Edward 41.52 Wienstan MenaFredy LemusJosé Humberto BermúdezAllan Najarro 41.544 × 400 metres relay Gary RobinsonJeikob MongeJosé ElizondoGerald Drummond 3:13.00 George ErazoJosé Andrés SalazarPiero BraghieriPablo Andrés Ibáñez 3:17.98 Chamar ChambersWilliams RíosDidier RodríguezAndrés Woodroff 3:17.9810,000 metres track walk 44:42.23 44:04.35 46:24.06High jump 2.08 2.08 1.90Pole vault 4.20 4.00 4.00Long jump 7.10 7.09 7.04Triple jump 15.48 15.34 13.51Shot put 14.86 13.53 13.52Discus throw 47.23 42.49 40.60Hammer throw 56.49 55.10 52.82Javelin throw 66.21 59.00 58.26Decathlon 6026 5950 5578===Women===100 metres (wind: +0.6 m/s) 11.71 11.85 11.99200 metres (wind: +1.3 m/s) 23.97 24.35 25.15400 metres 53.46 56.20 57.02800 metres 2:17.23 2:17.47 2:19.741500 metres 4:28.34 4:53.23 4:55.825000 metres 18:05.28 18:25.26 18:35.9710,000 metres 39:27.49 39:40.76 39:43.69100 metres hurdles (wind: +3.9 m/s) 12.79 14.27 14.88400 metres hurdles 57.78 58.65 63.493000 metres steeplechase 10:16.23 11:46.70 12:12.104 × 100 metres relay Shantely ScottAndrea VargasDesiré BermúdezKeylin Pennant 46.00 Ruth CasandraGianna WoodruffRosa MosqueraLeyka Archibold 46.42 Hilary GladdenFaith MorrisSamantha DirksTricia Flores 47.004 × 400 metres relay Shantely ScottDaniela RojasLissette RamírezDesiré Bermúdez 3:44.40 Ingrid NarváezNayeli MendozaSuan ReyesAriana Rivera 4:03.94 Nathalie AlmendárezMayela MenjívarAdriana AndradeDaniela Aragón 4:03.9410,000 metres track walk 48:31.52 49:35.41 1:11:40.45High jump 1.69 1.66 1.66Pole vault 3.60 2.60 2.50Long jump 6.39 5.92 5.31Triple jump 13.05 11.66 11.40Shot put 13.63 11.14 11.10Discus throw 52.31 43.98 42.81Hammer throw 53.52 46.74 46.21Javelin throw 51.59 40.66 38.20Heptathlon 4255 3852 3062"
],
[
"Medal table"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"African Junior Badminton Championships"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''African Junior Badminton Championships''' is a tournament organized by the Badminton Confederation of Africa, the governing body of badminton in Africa to crown the best junior badminton players (under-19) in the continent.The championships were established in 1993 and the first edition was held in Ndola, Zambia."
],
[
"Championships (U–19)",
"=== Location of the African Junior Badminton Championships (U–19) ===The table below gives an overview of all host cities and countries of the African Junior Badminton Championships.",
"The most recent games were held in Beau Bassin-Rose Hill in 2022.The number in parentheses following the city/country denotes how many times that city/country has hosted the championships.YearNumberHost cityHost countryEvents 1993 1 Ndola (1) (1) 61995 2 1997 3 Gaborone (1) (1)1999 4 Johannesburg (1) (1)2001 5 Lusaka (1) (1)2003 6 Cairo (1) (1)2005 7 Addis Ababa (1) (1) 2007 8 Gaborone (2) (2)2009 9 Addis Ababa (2) (2) 2011 10 Maputo (1) (1)52013 11 Algiers (1) (1)62016 12 Casablanca (1) (1)202113Cotonou (1) (1)202214Beau Bassin-Rose Hill (1) (1)202415Thiès (1) (1)===Medal table (2007–2022)======Previous winners=======Individual competition====YearMen's singlesWomen's singlesMen's doublesWomen's doublesMixed doubles1993''No data''1995199719992001200320052007 Jacob Maliekal Shareen Matthews Mohamed El-Sayad Ali Ahmed El-Khateeb Candace Mann Jennifer Fry Reinard Louw Jennifer Fry2009 Allisen Camille Jacob Maliekal Jason Coetzer Kate Foo Kune Yeldy Louison Jacob Maliekal Debbie Godfrey2011 Mahmoud El Sayad Kate Foo Kune Andries Malan Prakash Nath Elme de Villiers Lee-Ann de Wet Andries Malan Jennifer van der Berg2013 Habeeb Bello Dorcas Ajoke Adesokan Aatish Lubah Julien Paul Anri Schoonees Lee-Ann de Wet Julien Paul Aurélie Allet2016 Adham Hatem Elgamal Halla Bouksani Yacine Belhouane Samy Khaldi Johanita Scholtz Zani van der Merwe Yacine Belhouane Sirine Ibrahim2021 Caden Kakora Nour Ahmed Youssri Caden Kakora Robert White Amy Ackerman Diane Olivier Robert White Amy Ackerman2022 Khemtish Rai Nundah Fadilah Mohamed Rafi Mohamed Hegazy Youssif Mohamed Fadilah Mohamed Rafi Tracy Naluwooza Abed Bukenya Fadilah Mohamed Rafi2024 ====Team competition========= Mixed team =====YearWinners1993199519971999200120032005200720092011''Not held''20132016202120222024"
],
[
"See also",
"* African Badminton Championships* All Africa Men's and Women's Team Badminton Championships"
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"New White Sox Stadium"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''New White Sox Stadium''' is a proposed baseball stadium to be constructed in Chicago, Illinois on land owned by real estate developer Related Midwest.",
"It will be home to the Chicago White Sox of MLB.",
"Capacity, cost, ownership, and financing are yet to be determined.",
"Opening is planned for 2030."
],
[
"Background",
"White Sox owner Jerry Reinsdorf entered into serious discussions with Related Midwest about constructing a stadium on under-developed land located in the South Loop know colloquially as “The 78”, a 62-acre parcel of land, once his lease expires at the team's current home, Guaranteed Rate Field.",
"In addition to the stadium, the plan calls for retail, offices, and housing."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Adrian Ward-Jackson"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Adrian Alexander Ward-Jackson''' (6 June 1950 – 23 August 1991) was an English art dealer and consultant and arts administrator.",
"He died of AIDS in 1991."
],
[
"Life",
"Ward-Jackson was born on 6 June 1950 to the journalist and writer William Alexander Ward-Jackson and Catherine Elizabeth Ward-Jackson (née Trew).",
"He attended Westminster School between 1964 and 1968.He was a member of the Turf Club.",
"His flat at 120 Mount Street in Mayfair and 37 Great Cumberland Place in Marylebone became the scenes of great dinner parties with notable guests from arts and politics.",
"His obituary in ''The Times'' described the decor of his flat in Mount Street as being \"filled with a profusion of colour and pattern, enlivened by Renaissance bronzes, wonderful objets d'art and extraordinary French engravings of portraits and landscapes.",
"It offered an almost perfect model of how to live with and among art, had one the will and the money to do so\".Ward-Jackson was appointed CBE for services to the performing arts in the 1991 New Year Honours.",
"He was a member of the jury that decided the 1991 Turner Prize."
],
[
"Dance",
"Ward-Jackson was passionate about ballet, his obituary in the ''Daily Telegraph'' described him as working \"tirelessly in the beleaguered world of dance\".",
"He hosted many fundraising events, with several attended by Princess Diana and Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon.He was the chairman of the dance panel of the Arts Council of Great Britain from 1990 to 1991.He was a governor of the Royal Ballet and chairman of the Rambert Dance Company from 1985 to 1990.He also served as the director of the Royal Opera House Trust from 1987 to 1991 and as vice-chairman of the Contemporary Arts Society from 1988 to 1991.Ward-Jackson resigned from the Arts Council in May 1991 due to his worsening illness.",
"Peter Palumbo, Baron Palumbo said that Ward-Jackson would be mourned by the dance world as a \"friend, a passionate advocate and a tireless worker\" and that he bought a \"a vitality, a purpose, a sense of mission, a commitment, an enthusiasm and a huge knowledge of the subject that can seldom if ever have been equalled\"."
],
[
"Career",
"Lotto's ''Venus and Cupid'' c.1520.Discovered by Ward-Jackson in a Swiss private collection and bought by the Metropolitan Museum in 1986.Caron's ''Dionysius the Areopagite Converting the Pagan Philosophers'', bought by the Getty Museum with the assistance of Ward-Jackson in 1985.In 1971 Ward-Jackson was appointed a director of Colnaghi's by Jacob Rothschild, having previously been an expert in the drawings department of Christie's auction house.",
"He studied art in Vienna in the early 1970s as a research assistant at the drawing cabinet of the Albertina.",
"He was the chairman and director of his own firm, Adrian Ward-Jackson Ltd from 1975 until his death.",
"In his career as an art dealer Ward-Jackson bought several notable pieces at auction.",
"He frequently bought pieces on behalf of major institutions such as the Getty Museum in California and major collectors such as the heiress Barbara Piasecka Johnson.",
"Piasecka Johnson's obituary in ''The Art Newspaper'' described Ward-Jackson and fellow dealer Harry Bailey as being the \"gatekeepers of Piasecka Johnson's existence, selling to her, introducing approved dealers and fluffing up her social life\".",
"His obituary in ''The Times'' wrote of him that \"Behind the scenes he did place major paintings and drawings coming out of private hands into the world's great museums; but his most characteristic accomplishment was the making of great private collections\".In November 1976 at Christie's he bought the drawings ''Sacra Conversazione'' by Vittore Carpaccio for £78,000 and Giovanni Francesco Maineri's ''A Pagan Sacrifice'' for £48,000.He paid £35,000 for François Boucher's chalk study of Apollo in April 1978.In December 1986 he bought a 17th-century Baroque marble bust of the French general François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg for £423,000 ().At the sale of the contents of Godmersham Park in June 1983 Ward-Jackson paid £144,400 for a Gothic tapestry () and paid £15,120 () for a pair of 18th-century English tapestry cushions decorated with flowers and fruit.",
"This established a new price record for a cushion.In May 1985 Ward-Jackson handled the Getty Museum's purchase of Antoine Caron's ''Dionysius the Areopagite Converting the Pagan Philosophers'' from the collection of Anthony Blunt for £250,000.In November 1986 he again acted for them in their purchase for £2.5 million () of a page of notes by Leonardo da Vinci from the collection of John R. Gaines of the Gaines-Burgers dog food fortune.Ward-Jackson discovered Lorenzo Lotto's ''Venus and Cupid'' in a Swiss collection which was subsequently purchased by the Metropolitan Museum in New York in July 1986 for $3 million ().Ward-Jackson also acquired pieces for the Contemporary Art Society, including work by Elizabeth Butterworth, Tony Cragg, Ian Davenport, Howard Hodgkin and Shirazeh Houshiary.",
"His personal art collection included pieces by the sculptors Veronica Ryan and Magdalene Odundo."
],
[
"AIDS activism and death",
"Memorial to Adrian Ward-Jackson in St Andrew's Chapel at Southwark Cathedral.",
"Ward-Jackson and the socialite Marguerite Littman started the AIDS Crisis Trust in 1986.Ward-Jackson donated a globe that had been dedicated to the naturalist Joseph Banks for a charity auction at Christie's in aid of the trust in June 1987.He also served as a patron of the London Lighthouse hospice for AIDS patients.He died of AIDS at St Mary's Hospital in Paddington on 23 August 1991.Diana, Princess of Wales had visited Ward-Jackson five times in the three days before his death and was with him for six hours the day before he died.",
"She had been introduced to him by Angela Serota, the former ballet dancer and the wife of Nicholas Serota, director of the Tate.",
"Diana was on holiday with the royal family at Balmoral Castle when she was informed that he was close to death and she drove through the night to be with him.A memorial service for Ward-Jackson was held at St Paul's Church, Knightsbridge on 15 October 1991.It was attended by Princess Diana and Princess Margaret.",
"Lord Palumbo read from ''The Prophet'' by Kahlil Gibran and Tessa Blackstone, Baroness Blackstone read from T.S.",
"Eliot's ''Burnt Norton''.",
"Only those people who visited him in hospital in his final months were permitted to attend.",
"In her biography of Diana, Tina Brown described the funeral as being \"populated with ''le tout'' London society like a scene from ''La Traviata''\" and that his sick bed had \"for a time, become the place to be\" as he received friends from London's high society while \"reclining on an Oscar Wildean sofa amid Renaissance bronzes and French engravings\".The choreographer Richard Alston dedicated his piece ''Cat's Eye'' to Ward-Jackson.",
"It was premiered by the Rambert Dance Company at the Bristol Old Vic in June 1992.Derek Jarman presented his 1993 painting ''Ataxia - Aids is Fun'' to the Tate Galleries in memory of Ward-Jackson."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Love On"
],
[
"Introduction",
"\"'''Love On'''\" is an upcoming song by American singer Selena Gomez.",
"It is set to be released on February 22, 2024, through Interscope Records."
],
[
"Background",
"Gomez released the standalone single \"Single Soon\" on August 25, 2023, a \"fun little song\" to celebrate \"the end of summer\".",
"Four months later, on December 7, Gomez revealed that her forthcoming studio album was slated for a release in February 2024.In January 2024, she announced that she only has \"one more album in\" her as she prefers acting, if someone asked her to pick between the two.",
"On February 14, Gomez posted a link to a heart-shaped lock with a passcode \"222\", alluding to the release date of the single.",
"She announced \"Love On\" the following day through her social media."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"High Commission of the Maldives, Dhaka"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''High Commission of the Maldives in Bangladesh''' (, , also known as the '''High Commission of the Maldives, Dhaka''') is the overseas diplomatic mission of the Maldives located in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh."
],
[
"History",
"On 22 September 1978, relations between Bangladesh and the Maldives were established.For nearly 30 years after the establishment of diplomatic relations, there was no permanent High Commissioner or Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, but in 2008, Dr. Abdul Samad Abdullah arrived in Dhaka as the first permanent High Commissioner.",
"In April 2014, the Maldivian government temporarily decided to close the High Commission in Dhaka due to financial constraints, but in July of the same year, the government reviewed this decision and decided to downsize rather than close it.",
"stopped.The mission was known as the '''Embassy of the Maldives in Bangladesh''' (, ) from October 2016, when the Maldives left the Commonwealth, until February 2020.On 1 February 2020, when the Maldives returned to its status as a Commonwealth republic, this overseas mission reverted to the Office of the High Commission of the Maldives."
],
[
"Address",
"House: 10, Road: 9, Baridhara Diplomatic Zone, Dhaka 1212"
],
[
"Ambassador",
"Shiruzimath Sameer, who has been serving as the High Commissioner since 15 November 2020."
],
[
"References",
"* High Commission of Bangladesh, Malé* Bangladesh–Maldives relations"
],
[
"External links",
"* High Commission Website*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Tonni Adamsen"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Tonni Adamsen''' (born 15 November 1994) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a striker for Danish Superliga club Silkeborg IF."
],
[
"Career statistics",
"===Club===+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competitionClubSeasonLeagueCupContinentalOtherTotalDivisionAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsHelsingør2020–21Danish 1st Division12400––1242021–22Danish 1st Division321510––33152022–23Danish 1st Division1012––22Total451922––4721Silkeborg2022–23Danish Superliga28106310–35132023–24Danish Superliga132416122256Total411210471226019Career total8631126712210740;Notes"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Parseller (Istanbul Metro)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Parseller''' is an underground station on the M8 line of the Istanbul Metro.",
"It is located on Kesikkaya Street in the Parseller neighbourhood of Ümraniye.",
"It was opened on 6 January 2023, and is the northern terminus of the line.North of the station is the Metro Istanbul Behiç Erkin Campus, which was built to be the common operation and warehouse center of the M5, M8 and M12 lines, and the depots of the M5 and M8 lines."
],
[
"Station layout",
"'''Southbound'''← toward Bostancı (Huzur)'''Southbound'''← toward Bostancı (Huzur)"
],
[
"Operation information",
"Total length of M8 line is 14.27 km.",
"The line operates between 06.00 - 23.00 and train frequency is 8 minutes and 40 seconds."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Baulie"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Baulie''' (c.1835 – 7 March 1860), also known as '''Bally''', '''Boney''' or '''Bahlee''', was an Indigenous Australian resistance fighter best known for being a leader in the 1857 Hornet Bank massacre of British settlers near Taroom in what is now rural Queensland."
],
[
"Early contact with British colonists",
"Around the late 1840s or possibly the early 1850s, Baulie became associated with the British colonist Andrew Scott.",
"Scott used Baulie as a labourer and stockman on his pastoral properties in northern New South Wales and the Darling Downs.",
"It is unclear if Baulie was from one of these areas or the other, but it is probable that when he started working for Scott he was an adolescent."
],
[
"Relocation to Hornet Bank",
"In 1853, Scott was looking to take up more land in the uncolonised regions north of the Darling Downs.",
"With Baulie and several other of his men, he formed the Hornet Bank pastoral run in the upper Dawson River region of what is now Queensland.",
"He forced the Indigenous Yiman people out from this area and established a homestead on one of their favourite camping sites near a lagoon.",
"In 1854, Scott leased the property to the Fraser family.Baulie assisted Scott and the Frasers at Hornet Bank, by this stage having learnt to communicate in English quite proficiently.",
"He also managed over time to establish his own amicable contacts with the Yiman, who had mostly been forced into taking refuge in the nearby rugged Expedition Range to escape being shot by the colonists and their Native Police."
],
[
"Hornet Bank massacre",
"From 1854 to 1857, the Frasers of Hornet Bank became well known for mistreating Aboriginal people.",
"Local Aboriginal men were shot either by the colonists or by the Native Police who were often temporarily camped at Hornet Bank.",
"William, David and John Fraser, who were young men at this time, would regularly abduct and rape Yiman women.",
"They would also shoot the Yiman's dogs and reportedly gave the Yiman people pudding laced with strychnine for Christmas in 1856 which resulted in many deaths.As a result of years of this mistreatment, a revenge attack was planned by the Yiman upon the Frasers of Hornet Bank.",
"Baulie appears also to have become angered by the actions of the Frasers and covertly worked with the Yiman to organise the attack.",
"He had insider knowledge of Hornet Bank and was trusted by the Frasers, and therefore became a crucial part of the resistance operation.In the early hours of 27 October 1857, approximately 100 Yiman assembled in the darkness around the homestead of Hornet Bank.",
"Amongst them was another resistance leader named Beilba and at least two former Native Police troopers who had joined the Yiman.",
"Baulie prepared the way for the Hornet Bank massacre by gathering the property's dogs and killing them before they could alert the Frasers.",
"Soon after, Baulie led the Yiman in raiding the homestead.",
"They killed eight members of the Fraser family (raping three of the females beforehand), the family's tutor and two stockmen.",
"They plundered the property and took around 100 sheep before making off just before dawn."
],
[
"Reprisals",
"In the days and months following the Hornet Bank massacre, many punitive expeditions were organised by the colonists to inflict collective punishment on any Aboriginal people they found in the region.",
"Native Police raids and attacks by armed settlers killed hundreds of Aborigines.",
"Baulie managed to escape these and hid out for several years in the remote recesses of the Expedition Range with other warriors including Beilba."
],
[
"Battle with Native Police and death",
"In March 1860, Baulie with his contingent of warriors came down from the ranges and camped out near to the pastoral property of Bendemeer near Yuleba.",
"They were quickly reported by the local colonists to the Native Police.",
"A detachment of troopers under Second Lieutenant Frederick Carr were mobilised to Bendemeer where they engaged in an hour long battle with Baulie and his warriors.The Aboriginal men, fighting only with spears and nulla-nullas, managed to wound Carr and several of his troopers.",
"Carr heard Baulie during the battle encouraging his warriors to keep up the fight as the troopers were running out of cartridges.",
"However, the Native Police were victorious in the end, leaving 15 Aboriginal warriors, including Baulie, dead."
],
[
"See also",
"List of Indigenous Australian historical figures"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Foundation (video game)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Foundation''''' is an upcoming city-building video game developed and published by Polymorph Games for Windows.",
"The game was released on open alpha in 2018 and early access on February 1, 2019.The developer's plan was originally to stay in early access for a year."
],
[
"Gameplay",
"The game tasks the player to build a medieval town.",
"The buildings can be placed organically rather than on a grid."
],
[
"Development",
"The development was crowdfunded on Kickstarter in 2018."
],
[
"Reception",
"''Foundation'' received generally positive reviews.",
"''Rock Paper Shotgun'' called it \"a comfortable experience\".",
"''Polygon'' wrote that the game has a few \"annoying user interface quirks ... but its main charm is that it provides a peaceful, relaxing world where challenge exists, but isn’t paramount\" ''PCGamesN'' liked the game's road system.",
"''The Strategy Informer'' said that \"Foundation provides a unique and beautiful-looking city builder.",
"\"As of 2019, it sold 200 000 copies."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Belarusian-Soviet conflict"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''The October Revolution and the Establishment of Belarusian Statehood''', '''Belarusian-Bolshevik conflict''', '''Conflict between the Council of the All-Belarusian Congress and Oblispolkom''', '''Bolshevik coup d'état in Belarus''' — political and armed confrontation, military units that supported the Great Belarusian Rada and were subordinated to the Central Belarusian Military Rada on the one hand, and on the other hand the Bolshevik Red Guard detachments of the Western Region, Russian Socialist Republic in late 1917 and early 1918."
],
[
"Title",
"In modern Belarusian historiography there is no single name for the period from the October coup d'état to the proclamation of the Belarusian People's Republic.The variant \"''The'' ''October Revolution and the Establishment of Belarusian Statehood''\" is mostly used.The contemporary Polish-Belarusian historian Aleh Latyshonok uses several names for this period of history: the ''Belarusian-Bolshevik conflict'' and the ''Bolshevik coup in'' Belarus."
],
[
"History",
"In early December 1917, contradictions arose between the Belarusian national movement and the local Bolshevik leadership, which seized power in the region with the help of the rebel units of the Western Front.On December 2, 1917, the plenum of the Bolshevik executive committee of the Western region and the Western Front considered the question of \"nationalisation\" of the army, i.e.",
"formation of national military units.",
"The only Belarusian among the commissars, the sailor B. Mukha demanded from the executive committee either to authorise the creation of Belarusian regiments or not to authorise the creation of national regiments for anyone.",
"The Plenum decided to dissolve the Polish units and not to allow the creation of Belarusian units.On 5 December there was a meeting of the SNK of the Western Region and the front, at which the Latvian Karol Lander made a report about the so-called \"hostile activity of the Belarusian nationalists\", at this meeting it was decided to dissolve the Central Belarusian Military Rada, and its figures were arrested and tried by the revolutionary tribunal.At the same time, on 4–5 December, the second plenary meeting of the CBWR was held, and student Tomasz Gryb was elected as a deputy instead of D. Mamońka.On 5 December 1872 delegates from Minsk, Mogilev, Vitebsk, Smolensk, Hrodna provinces gathered in Minsk.",
"Two largest competing national organisations, the Great Belarusian Rada and the Belarusian Regional Committee, which represented the eastern provinces of Belarus, were represented at the same congress.",
"The activists of the BOC tried to take the management of the Belarusian national movement out of the hands of the WBR, most of them were members of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party.",
"Initially, the BOC planned to convene its All-Belarusian Congress on 15 December in Rogachev in Mogilev province, for which they received permission from Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin.Seeing that the UBD managed to hold a congress in Minsk, the BOC agreed to merge the two congresses.",
"At the same time, they did not give up their congress in Rogachou on 15 December, which they hoped to manage themselves.",
"The UBR agreed to participate in the congress in Rogachou because the BOC enjoyed the support of Moscow and the Belarusian peasantry, which the UBR did not.",
"The congress in Rogachev meant the break-up of the united national movement.Despite the agreement between the BWR and the BOC to hold the congress jointly, some pro-Russian delegates opposed the congress in Minsk, at which time the CBR threatened them with arrest.",
"The congress proclaimed the right of Belarusians to create a national state, but its participants were clearly divided over the political views of the West and the East: the former, represented by the BSS, were in favour of the independence of Belarus, the latter, represented by the BOC, saw Belarus only as part of Russia.",
"Thanks to the threats of the CBDN the congress was opened on 14 December.Lieutenant General Konstantin Alekseevsky, an active participant of the Belarusian national movement, wrote about this congress:=== ''What the Belarusians experienced at the Congress, what they felt, will never be forgotten by them and will be passed on from one to another to the son of the Belarusian land, no matter under whose care it is.''",
"===More than half of the congress delegates were military men, they played an important role in the congress.",
"At first the head of the Central Belarusian Military Rada Symon Rak-Michajłoŭski was elected chairman of the congress.",
"A few days later, due to internal struggles, Symon Rak-Michajłoŭski was replaced by another member of the Central Belarusian Military Rada, Yan Sereda.At the same time when the congress was held, numerous congresses of the Belarusian military took place.",
"For example, at the end of November there was a congress of the 3rd Corps of the Western Front, and on 1–4 December there was a congress of the 2nd Army in Nevel.",
"On 3 December a congress of Belarusians of the Rumun Front was held in Odessa.",
"On 15–20 December a congress of soldiers of the South-Western Front was held in Kiev.",
"At the same time, congresses of military districts were held.",
"In Smolensk a congress of Belarusian soldiers was held.",
"There were also numerous gatherings in military units.All congresses and meetings of Belarusian soldiers sent to the First All-Belarusian and to the Central Belarusian Military Council declarations supporting the autonomy of Belarus as a federative part of the Russian Republic; soldiers also sent demands for the creation of a Belarusian army.The organisations of the Belarusian military in Mogilev province demanded from the Bolsheviks to disband the Polish units being formed.",
"The executive committee of the Mogilev Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies appealed to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief with a proposal to start the formation of the Belarusian army from demobilised Belarusians using the Central Military District and the Stavka of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief.",
"Also the 4th Congress of Peasant Deputies of Mogilev province demanded from the Bolsheviks to withdraw Polish units from Belarus, threatening that in case of failure to fulfil this demand Belarusian units would arrive in the province.Faced with the reluctance to form and the hostile attitude of the Western Front leadership to the Belarusian units being formed, the process of forming Belarusian units continued without the participation of official structures.",
"In the Pskov area, Lieutenant Ezovitov began to form a Belarusian regiment of lancers.",
"After its creation, the regiment was transferred to Belorussia to the town of Krasna near Orsha under the name of the Belorussian Cavalry Regiment.",
"This large formation was commanded by Captain R. Yakubenya.",
"In Smolensk a district congress of Belorussian soldiers, as the statement wrote:Decided to create the 1st Smolensk Belorussian Regiment by replenishing it with Belarusians from the 377th Vitebsk Druzhina.",
"The formation of the Belarusian Battalion began in Odessa from the Belarusians of the Odessa Military District.Numerous Belarusian military units that were created on different fronts tried to contact General Kiprian Kondratovich, who was in charge of the formation of the Belarusian army, but the attempts were fruitless.",
"The soldiers received support, advice and instructions only from the junior officers of the CBWR and the leadership of its political department.",
"The patience of the junior officers burst when Kondratovich tore up a letter that had been brought to him for signature.",
"In the end the members of the presidium of the CBWR declared that they would leave the military department if it was headed by Kondratovich.",
"The executive committee of the CCER dismissed General Kondratovich from the leadership and Colonel Konstantin Ezovitov was appointed instead.At this time the Bolshevik protégé Nikolai Krylenko, who had been appointed commander-in-chief, issued an order banning the creation of national units and forbidding the convening of national congresses in the front zone.",
"This order was directed primarily at Ukrainians and Poles, but the commander of the Western Front Myasnikov also used it against Belarusians and on 8 December issued an order to liquidate the I Belorussian Regiment, which was in Minsk, and to include the regiment's men in the 289th Reserve Regiment.",
"The CBRN agreed to fulfil the order and integrate the fighters into the 289th regiment, expecting to receive supplies and weapons.",
"After that, the CBRF sent the arriving Belarusian volunteers to the 289th regiment hoping to take it under its command.Krylenko's order provoked a sharp protest from the Belorussian Military Rada of the 12th Army of the Northern Front (chairman Makarevich); on 9 December he sent a telegram to Krylenko demanding to resume the creation of Belorussian military units.",
"The 12th Army had already worked on the \"Belorussianisation\" of several units.",
"The BIA ordered its commissars to continue the \"Belarusisation\", despite the actions of the Russians.",
"Because of this, some commissars were arrested for a short time.On 11 December there was a meeting of the military department of the First All-Belarusian Congress.",
"P. Aleksiuk, taking advantage of the fact that most of the CBWR members participated in the meeting, made a proposal to turn the meeting into a session of the CBWR.",
"At the meeting, chaired by P. Aliaksiuk, the current demands for the creation of Belarusian military units and their transfer to Belarus were confirmed.",
"The CBWR also demanded the cancellation of Krylenko's order banning the creation of Belarusian units and confirmed the right of Belarusians to form a national army, also the CBWR ordered the formation of the 1st Belarusian regiment in Minsk, and equalised all Belarusian military committees (the executive committee of the CBWR, the Front Committee, the Army Committee, etc.)",
"with the Russian military committees.Meanwhile, the Bolshevik leadership of the Western Region and the front decided to deal with all the Belarusian organisations in one fell swoop.",
"In the meantime, the Bolshevik leadership of the Western Region and the front decided to deal with all the Belarusian organisations in one fell swoop.On the night of 17–18 December the Bolsheviks broke up the First All-Belarusian Congress, arrested members of the presidium and several deputies.",
"On the same night the Bolsheviks kicked out all Belarusian organisations from the Governor's House, in response to which the executive committee of the Central Committee occupied the building on Militsiya Street, where the Belarusian organisations moved.",
"The Belarusian executive committee of the Western Front moved to the building on Kolomenskaya Street.",
"'''''\"The dispersal of the congress was considered by the delegates as \"an act of abuse of the Belarusian people, committed through the influx of rapist aliens.",
"After that every sincere Belarusian will work with even more energy, with more fire for the benefit of the suffering mother Belarus\",''''' -This is what I. Nyalepka, a delegate of the congress, wrote on 31 December 1917 in the newspaper \"Volnaya Belarus\".",
"Despite the fact that most of the delegates were military men, they had no determination to fight the Bolsheviks.",
"The participants of the congress limited themselves to a march during which they sang mourning songs.",
"The dispersal of the First All-Belarusian Congress, the decisions of which became a political reference point in the further development of the Belarusian national movement, had many consequences.",
"One of them was the creation on 18 December 1917 at a meeting of activists and part of the presidium of the congress of the executive committee of the congress council headed by the leader of the nationalist wing of the BSG T. Hryb.",
"In the morning of 18 December at a meeting in the premises of the railway depot of the Libava-Romna railway the council decided:1) considers the All-Belarusian Congress forcibly dispersed;2) the congress council shall be recognised as the executive body of the congress, whose duty is to implement all decisions and resolutions of the congress;3) supplement the congress council with delegates from fellow countrymen and other groups who send their representatives from the congress to the council and give them the right of recusal, recall.K.",
"Lander and Myachnikov arrived at the meeting and demanded that those gathered leave the room, but they were opposed by the railway workers who harassed them and threatened to kill them.А.",
"Myasnikov and K. Lander organised a victory parade in Minsk on 20 December, but they did not take further action as it exceeded their authority.",
"The central authorities were flooded with protests from Belarusian organisations, and protest meetings were held in Minsk, Mogilev, Vitibsk, Orsha, Polotsk, Igumen.",
"The Petrograd government replied to the Belarusian organisations in Moscow and Petrograd and to the executive committee of the Congress that the Council of People's Commissars recognised the right of the nation to self-determination: '''up to secession'''Those responsible for breaking up the congress received a sharp warning from the government."
],
[
"Events",
"* First All-Belarusian Congress* Dispersal of Belarusian organisations in Minsk* Battle for Bobruisk* Arrest of the Central Belarusian Military Council* Battles for Bobruisk* Vitebsk Uprising* Minsk Uprising"
],
[
"Forces of the parties",
"=== Belarusian units ===At the end of 1917, the CBRR started to form the Belarusian army, according to K. Dzhezovit it was to be called the Belarusian People's Red Guard, while A. Chochlov proposed to call the army the Belarusian People's Socialist Guard, its departments were to be in Minsk, Bobruisk, Rogachev, Mogilev, Borisov.At the end of 1917 Belarusian units were established in Vitibsk, Smolensk, Orsha, Luninets, Odessa, as well as the 4th Belorussian Regiment on the Rumanian front.",
"* I Smolensk Belorussian Regiment - it was not realised.",
"* I Belorussian Regiment - created in Minsk 350 soldiers guarded the 1st All-Belorussian Congress.",
"On 8 December 1917, by Myasnikov's decision it was included in the 289th reserve regiment (it was under the influence of the CBWR).",
"At the end of 1917 it was transferred to the railway line Minsk - Vitebsk - Smolensk, in the beginning of 1918 it was disbanded due to lack of supply.",
"* Belorussian cavalry regiment - created near Pskov in early 1918 commander Yakubenya was based near Orsha.",
"* The Minsk Belorussian Regiment was created in February 1918 in Minsk.",
"* The 1st Hussar Belarusian National Regiment was created by Tarogin's order of 14 January 1918.",
"* The 4th Byelorussian Corps - on 21 January 1918 was created by D. Scherbachov's decree on the Rumun front.",
"* 357th Vitebsk squad - by decree of 23 January 1918* 401st Minsk squad - by decree of 23 January 1918=== Polish national formations ===At the beginning of 1918, units of the 1st Polish Corps under the command of Dovbor-Musnicki fought against the Bolsheviks in Belarus, where they won a number of victories.",
"The headquarters of the corps was in Minsk.",
"Among the soldiers of the corps from 40% to 60% were Belarusian Catholics from Vilna and Minsk provinces.",
"In Bobruisk, Polish units defeated a Belarusian regiment.",
"* Polish I Corps in Russia"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Literature",
"* Гісторыя Беларусі ад сярэдзіны XVIII ст.",
"да пачатку ХХІ ст.",
"/ Алег Латышо-нак, Яўген Мірановіч.",
"— 2-е выд.",
"— Смаленск: Інбелкульт, 2013.— 368 с. ISBN 978-5-9904531-6-6* * Łatyszonek, O. Białoruskie formacje wojskowe 1917—1923 / O. Łatyszonek.",
"— Białystok : Białoruskie Towarzystwo Historyczne, 1995.— 273 с.",
"* Турук Ф. Белорусское движение .",
"Москва.",
"1921 год (репринтное издание 1994 года).",
"145 стр.",
"Язык: Рус.",
"* История создания армии БНР.",
"Как 100 лет назад наши солдаты дрались с большевиками за беларуские города* ПЕРВЫЙ ВСЕБЕЛОРУССКИЙ СЪЕЗД (ДЕКАБРЬ 1917 г.",
"): К СТОЛЕТИЮ"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Enforced disappearances in Venezuela"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Enforced disappearances in Venezuela''' have been characterized by being of short duration, occurring mainly during the administration of Nicolás Maduro.",
"In 2018, there were at least 200 cases of enforced disappearances, and in 2019 at least 524 cases, with an average duration of five days.",
"According to Foro Penal and Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights, the short duration of the disappearances have been intended to avoid the scrutiny that could come with large-scale and long-term detentions.",
"A 2019 report by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights concluded that enforced disappearances had been used In Venezuela as a method by the government to censor opponents and instill fear.",
"The Venezuelan constitution prohibits enforced disappearance, even in states of emergency.In some cases, missing persons have died in custody shortly after their detentions.",
"For example, in 2018 no information was provided about the place of confinement or reasons for the arrest of opposition councilman Fernando Albán until after his death in custody, three days after his arrest, and in 2019 corvette captain Rafael Acosta Arévalo died in a military hospital, with visible signs of torture, after having been missing.Although in most cases the disappearances have been of short duration, there are cases of disappearances in Venezuela that have been going on for years.",
"The whereabouts of diver Hugo Marino and activist Alcedo Mora, who have been missing for more than four and eight years respectively, are currently unknown.",
"Although their detention by security forces is suspected, by 2023 neither the detention nor the place of confinement of any of them had been confirmed."
],
[
"Definition",
"Under international law, an enforced disappearance is defined as a detention of two days or more which, unlike an ordinary detention, includes the denial by the State of any information on the whereabouts of a person.Article 45 of the Venezuelan Constitution prohibits \"the public authority, whether civil or military, even in a state of emergency, exception or restriction of guarantees, from practicing, permitting or tolerating the enforced disappearance of persons\"."
],
[
"History",
"A report produced between the non-governmental organizations Foro Penal and the Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights documented 200 cases of enforced disappearances in Venezuela in 2018 and 524 cases in 2019, a larger number attributed to an increase in protests in the country.",
"The analysis concluded that the average disappearance lasted five days, suggesting that the government wished to avoid the scrutiny that could come with large-scale and long-term detentions.=== 2004 ===During the 2004 Venezuelan protests, the enforced disappearance of at least seven demonstrators was denounced.=== 2015 ===Social leader Alcedo Mora disappeared on 27 February 2015 after denouncing fuel smuggling to Colombia by members of the Mérida state government and Petróleos de Venezuela officials.",
"In early March, the Eliécer and Jesús Vergel brothers, close to Mora, also disappeared, reportedly detained by the Bolivarian Intelligence Service (SEBIN).=== 2017 ===Journalist Jesús Medina Ezaine was detained in October 2017 along with journalists Roberto di Matteo (from Italy) and Filippo Rossi (from Switzerland), while reporting on at the Aragua Penitentiary Center, also known as Tocorón.",
"He was reported missing while in custody.",
"Jesus was later found in November on a Caracas highway, declaring that he had been tortured and threatened to be killed by his captors.=== 2018 ===The wife of military officer Igbert Marín Chaparro denounced that he was held incommunicado during the first days of his detention, after having been arrested on 2 March 2018, along with eight other officers, and having been the victim of torture by military officials.Opposition councilman Fernando Albán was arrested on Oct. 5, 2018, at Simón Bolívar International Airport as he was returning to the country after forming part of an opposition delegation that attended the United Nations.",
"No reasons were given for his arrest and no details were provided as to where he was being held until after his death three days later, on 8 October.=== 2019 ===Journalist Luis Carlos Díaz went missing for nine hours after being detained on 11 March 2019, after contact with him was lost while at work at Unión Radio station in Caracas.",
"Bolivarian Intelligence Service agents raided and robbed his home in Caracas.",
"Luis Carlos was released the following day, ordered to report to court every eight days and was forbidden to leave the country and to make statements to the media about his case.Popular Will deputy Gilber Caro also missing went missing for weeks on several occasions.",
"Caro was arrested on 11 January 2017 and a second time on 26 April 2019.During his detention his whereabouts were unknown, which the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights requested to know on 3 May.",
"Caro was released after two months of disappearance.",
"The deputy was detained a third time on 20 December 2019 along with his assistant, journalist Víctor Ugas.",
"By 26 December, the place of confinement of both was unknown, and on the same day the Venezuelan National Assembly demanded that it be made public.",
"On 10 January 2020 the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights declared that the detention was the second time that the deputy's whereabouts were unknown.",
"Gilber Caro's lawyer reported finally being able to see and talk to him on 20 January, after a month of disappearance.On 20 April 2019 the enforced disappearance of diver Hugo Marino happened, reportedly carried out by the General Directorate of Military Counterintelligence.",
"After four years of this disappearance, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) demanded that investigations advance.",
"According to the OHCHR report, enforced disappearance has been used In Venezuela as a method by the government to censor opponents and instill fear.On 22 June 2019, the wife of corvette captain Rafael Acosta Arévalo denounced his disappearance and stated that she had spoken to him for the last time at 2:00 p.m. the previous day, while he was in a \"personal meeting\" in Guatire, Miranda state.",
"That day, of the General Directorate of Military Counterintelligence and Bolivarian Intelligence Service officers arrested seven people, including active and retired military and police officers.",
"On 26 June, after six days without knowing his whereabouts, the arrest of Acosta Arevalo was announced by the Minister of Communication and Information, Jorge Rodríguez, who accused three of them, including Acosta Arevalo, of preparing a coup d'état.",
"Acosta Arevalo died three days later, on 29 June, after appearing at his arraignment in a wheelchair and with severe signs of torture, including many bruises on his arms, poor hand sensitivity, extreme swelling in his feet, traces of blood under his fingernails, and injuries to his torso.",
"Acosta Arévalo was also unable to move his hands or feet, stand up or speak, with the exception of accepting the appointment of his defense attorney and calling for help from his lawyer.",
"The judge ordered that Acosta Arévalo be transferred to the Army Military Hospital Dr. Vicente Salias Sanoja, located in Fort Tiuna in Caracas.",
"Acosta Arévalo died that night in the military hospital.=== 2020 ===Venezuela's National Assembly reported on 21 January 2020 that family, friends and colleagues of deputy Ismael León lost contact with him shortly after he left the headquarters of the Democratic Action party on his way to the legislative session.",
"After two days of detention, without knowing his whereabouts, León was released with precautionary measures.Journalist Roland Carreño was arrested on 27 October after being intercepted by unmarked black vehicles.",
"His whereabouts were unknown for more than 24 hours.",
"Different human rights organizations qualified his detention as an enforced disappearance, including Foro Penal, and the Juan Guaidó's administration held Nicolás Maduro responsible for any aggression against Carreño and his companions.",
"Maduro's administration confirmed Carreño's arrest the following day.=== 2023 ===On 7 December 2023, the non-governmental organization Súmate denounced that the place of detention of its president, Roberto Abdul, was unknown after he was arrested the day before, in violation of the Venezuelan Constitutio.",
"The NGO Foro Penal described Roberto's detention as a forced disappearance."
],
[
"See also",
"* Revolving door effect* Political prisoners in Venezuela* Human rights in Venezuela* 2016 Tumeremo massacre* Iguala mass kidnapping* Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo* Enforced disappearances in Chile"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Further reading",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Emozioni (song)"
],
[
"Introduction",
" \"'''Emozioni '''\" () is a 1970 song composed by Lucio Battisti (music) and Mogol (lyrics), arranged by Gian Piero Reverberi and performed by Lucio Battisti."
],
[
"Composition",
"The song's composition was inspired by a long and much-publicized Battisti's and Mogol's horseback riding trip from Milan to Rome.",
"According to Battisti, it 'expressed the sense of discovery, of wonder, of freedom that Mogol and I found venturing through meadows, hills, and rivers, as if we were seeing nature for the first time.'"
],
[
"Release",
"Originally it was the B-side of \"Anna\", with Battisti eventually deciding to swap the two songs."
],
[
"Cover versions",
"Artists who covered the song include Gianni Morandi, Mina, Patty Pravo, Marcella Bella, Fred Bongusto, Formula 3, Maurizio Vandelli."
],
[
"Track listing",
" ==Charts== + Chart performance for \"Emozioni\" Chart (1970) Peakposition Italy (''Musica e dischi'') 13+ Chart performance for \"Anna\" Chart (1970–1971) Peakposition Italy (''Discografia internazionale'') 1 Italy (''Musica e dischi'') 1"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Sabrina Ng"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Sabrina Ng Ping''' (; born 1 November 1996) is a Hong Kong actress and a member of YouTube comedy skits group Pomato best known for her lead and titular role in 2023 romance film ''Say I Do To Me'', which earned her a nomination for Best New Performer in the 42nd Hong Kong Film Awards.",
"She also starred in lead roles in the drama films ''Time Still Turns the Pages'' and ''The Lyricist Wannabe''."
],
[
"Biography",
"Ng was born on November 1, 1996, in Hong Kong.",
"She studied at Salesian Yip Hon Millennium Primary School and was classmate with singer Edan Lui.",
"She later attended Hong Kong Design Institute and graduated with a higher diploma in film, television and photography.",
"After graduation, she began to work as a freelance post-production editor.",
"In 2016, she met one of the founding members of YouTube comedy skits group Pomato and was invited to join the group as a regular cast member.",
"She began to appear in the short films and online videos produced by Pomato and received public attention.",
"Ng also appeared in ViuTV anthology series '''' and the music video of Dear Jane's \"Galactic Repairman\" in 2019 and 2020 respectively.",
"She also made a cameo appearance in 2022 drama series '''' as the younger version of Gigi Leung's character.In 2023, Ng auditioned and was cast in the lead and titular role in Kiwi Chow's romance film ''''.",
"She portrayed a social media influencer who staged a \"sologamy\" to seek attention on the internet, which earned her a nomination for Best New Performer in the 42nd Hong Kong Film Awards.",
"She also starred in the 2023 drama film ''Time Still Turns the Pages'' as a student suffering from depression.",
"Ng is set to appear in 2024 drama film ''''."
],
[
"Filmography",
"=== Film === Year Title Role Notes2023 '''' Cheung Ping (張冰) ''Time Still Turns the Pages'' Wong Ka-Yee (黃家怡) 2024 '''' Chicken Ho (何雞) === Television === Year Title Role Notes 2016 '''' Lindy Guest role 2022 '''' Young Cheung Nok Nga (張諾雅) Guest role"
],
[
"Awards and nominations",
" Year Award Category Work Result Ref.",
"2024 Hong Kong Film Awards Best New Performer ''''"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Karakol, Shalkar District"
],
[
"Introduction",
" '''Karakol''' () is a salt lake in Shalkar District, Aktobe Region, Kazakhstan.The lake lies to the north of Shalkar town, the district capital.",
"The area near the lakeshore is used as a grazing ground for local cattle."
],
[
"Geography",
"Karakol is an endorheic lake of the Shalkar Basin.",
"It is located at an elevation of .",
"Lake Tebez lies to the northeast and Zhamantuz to the south of the lake.",
"The Bolgasyn river flows eastwards to the north of Karakol.Karakol is long and wide.",
"The central part of the lake is dotted with small islands.",
"The shores are flat and swampy, especially on the western side.",
"The lake fills yearly with rain and snow.",
"Its water is salty."
],
[
"See also",
"*List of lakes of Kazakhstan"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"The Sword of Peace"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''The Sword of Peace''''' is a 1788 comedy play by the British writer Mariana Starke.",
"It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket in London on 9 August 1788.The original London cast included Robert Baddeley as the Resident, Stephen Kemble as David Northcote, James Brown Williamson as Mr Edwards, John Palmer as Lieutenant Dormer, Robert Palmer as Supple, John Bannister as Jeffreys, William Chapman as Mazinghi Dowza, Elizabeth Farren as Miss Eliza Moreton, Elizabeth Kemble as Miss Louisa Moreton, Mary Whitfield as Mrs Tartar and Elizabeth Edwin as Mrs Gobble.",
"Like her later play ''The Widow of Malabar'' (1790) it capitalised on Starke's own knowledge of India."
],
[
"Synopsis",
"Two sisters Eliza and Louisa Moreton travel out to British India in search of husbands."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* Greene, John C. ''Theatre in Dublin, 1745-1820: A Calendar of Performances, Volume 6''.",
"Lexington Books, 2011.",
"* Nicoll, Allardyce.",
"''A History of English Drama 1660–1900: Volume IV''.",
"Cambridge University Press, 2009.",
"* Burroughs, Catherine.",
"''Women in British Romantic Theatre: Drama, Performance, and Society, 1790-1840''.",
"Cambridge University Press, 2000."
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Nenjil Oru Raagam"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Nenjil Oru Raagam''''' () is a 1982 Indian Tamil-language film written, directed and scored by T. Rajendar.",
"The film stars Thiagarajan and Saritha.",
"It was released on 14 May 1982, and did not perform well at the box office."
],
[
"Plot"
],
[
"Cast"
],
[
"Soundtrack",
"The music was composed by Rajender, who also wrote the lyrics.",
"The song \"Nenjam Paadum\" attained popularity."
],
[
"Reception",
"Thiraignani of ''Kalki'' praised the acting of Saritha and Rajiv while also praising Rajender who despite handling many departments has also acted in the film and concluded advising Rajender to put a curb on the desire to say everything he thinks on the screen, sir, because since that desire is overflowing in this film, it gives a feeling as if the film is going in slow motion."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Secrets of the Silent Witch"
],
[
"Introduction",
" is a Japanese light novel series written by Matsuri Isora and illustrated by Nanna Fujimi.",
"It was initially serialized on the user-generated novel publishing website Shōsetsuka ni Narō from February to October 2020.It was later acquired by Fujimi Shobo who began to publish it under their Kadokawa Books imprint in June 2021.A manga adaptation illustrated by Tobi Tana began serialization on Enterbrain's ''B's Log Comic'' manga website in July 2021."
],
[
"Media",
"===Light novel===Written by Matsuri Isora, ''Secrets of the Silent Witch'' was initially serialized on the user-generated novel publishing website Shōsetsuka ni Narō from February 20, to October 3, 2020.It was later acquired by Fujimi Shobo who began releasing the series with illustrations by Nanna Fujimi under their Kadokawa Books imprint on June 10, 2021.Seven volumes and a short story volume have been released as of February 2024.On January 28, 2022, Yen Press announced that they licensed the series for English publication.A two-volume prequel light novel series, titled ''Silent Witch -another- Rising of the Barrier Mage'', began publication under the same imprint on December 8, 2023.====Volumes========''Silent Witch -another- Rising of the Barrier Mage''=======Manga===A manga adaptation illustrated by Tobi Tana began serialization on Enterbrain's ''B's Log Comic'' manga website on July 5, 2021.The manga's chapters have been compiled into three ''tankōbon'' volumes as of August 2023.On January 13, 2023, Yen Press announced that they also licensed the manga for English publication."
],
[
"Reception",
"The series was ranked fourth in the ''tankōbon'' category in the 2023 edition of Takarajimasha's ''Kono Light Novel ga Sugoi!''",
"light novel guidebook."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* at Shōsetsuka ni Narō * * *"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Gondwanagaricites"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Gondwanagaricites''''' (meaning \"Gondwanan mushroom fossil\") is an extinct monotypic genus of gilled fungus in the order Agaricales from the Early Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil.",
"It contains the single species '''''G.",
"magnificus''''', and it is the oldest known mushroom fossil known to date.",
"''Gondwanagaricites'' extends the geological range of mushrooms by around 14 to 21 million years and confirms their presence in Gondwana during the Early Cretaceous."
],
[
"Discovery and naming",
"Scanning electron micrographs of the gills of the holotype of ''G.",
"magnificus''The holotype, '''URM-88000''', was discovered in the Nova Olinda Member of the Crato Formation, Nova Olinda, Brazil and the specimen was sent to the Illinois Natural History Survey Paleontological Collection before being repatriated to the URM Herbarium at the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco in Recife, Brazil.",
"''Gondwanagaricites magnificus'' was named and described by Heads ''et al.''",
"(2017a), but the ''PLOS One'' paper was later retracted because the paper did not meet the requirements of Articles 42.1, 35.1, and 43.3 under the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants, a MycoBank number for the genus was not given, and the illustration depicting the holotype was not specifically identified.",
"As a result of this, Heads ''et al.''",
"(2017b) published the name instead within the ''Mycological Process'' journal."
],
[
"Description",
"The holotype slab is roughly 50 × 60 mm, the pileus was measured as long, and the stipe was measured to be long.",
"The lamellae of ''Gondwanagaricites'' were wide and are broadly attached to a single apex."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Iskra, Silistra Province"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Iskra''' () is a village in northeastern Bulgaria, part of the Sitovo Municipality in Silistra Province.",
"Iskra lies in the Danubian Plain at 115 m above sea level."
],
[
"Geography",
"Iskra is one of the largest villages in Bulgaria.",
"Iskra is the largest village of Sitovo Municipality.",
"As of 2022 the population of Iskra is 1,974.Its territory is 32.525 km2.Iskra is located 400 km east of the capital city Sofia and 30 km away from the city of Silistra in the Dobruja region.",
"The village has fertile vegetation and is famous for its apricots.",
"The climate is temperate, with hot summers and cold winters.",
"There are several ponds on the territory of the village where carp, bream and catfish can be caught.",
"There are forests around the village where game birds, rabbits, foxes, jackals and other animals live."
],
[
"History",
"The Turkish name of the village is Aydoğdu, which means \"moon rose\" in English and \"spark\" in Bulgarian.",
"The village was founded in the 1954 by the merger of three villages: Iskra, Miletich and Dragalina.",
"In 1955 the village of Chehlari was also administratively joined to Iskra.",
"In the Middle Ages the region was part of the First and the Second Bulgarian Empire.",
"Following nearly five centuries of Ottoman rule, in 1878 the village was included in the reestablished Bulgarian state.",
"During the Second Balkan War in 1913, the village and the whole region of Southern Dobruja were occupied by Romania and remained in that country until 1940, when it was returned to Bulgaria as a result of the Treaty of Craiova."
],
[
"Cultural and natural landmarks",
"In the village there is a school named Stefan Karadzha, built in 1962.There are two mosques and a church in the village.",
"There are three fountains from the Ottoman period, small and large cattle were watered from these fountains.",
"The village also has a cinema, health centre, nursery and grass football field."
],
[
"Regular events",
"In the village, celebrations are held by going to the forest on May 24 of every year to mark the Day of Slavonic Alphabet, Bulgarian Enlightenment and Culture.",
"Horse races and cultural events are organized."
],
[
"Gallery",
"File:Iskra sinema.jpg|Theater/cinema hall in the villageFile:Iskra kilise.jpg|Old church in the villageFile:Iskra 24 May.jpg|Horse races held during May 24 celebrations"
],
[
"Citations"
],
[
"References",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Price baronets of Foxley (1828)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Price baronetcy''', of Foxley in the County of Hereford, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 12 February 1828 for Uvedale Price, best known for his writings on the Picturesque.",
"His only son, the 2nd Baronet, sat as Member of Parliament for Herefordshire.",
"The title became extinct on his death without issue in 1857."
],
[
"Price baronets of Foxley (1828)",
"*Sir Uvedale Price, 1st Baronet (1747–1829)*Sir Robert Price, 2nd Baronet (1786–1857)"
],
[
"Notes"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"High Commission of Bangladesh, Malé"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The High Commission of Bangladesh in Maldives (, ) is a high commission office established by Bangladesh in Malé, the capital of the Maldives."
],
[
"History",
"Relations between Bangladesh and the Maldives were established on September 22, 1978.For nearly 20 years after the establishment of diplomatic relations, no High Commissioner or Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary was stationed there, but on 8 August 1998, the High Commissioner's Office was opened in Malé, and Major General Harun Ahmed Chowdhury was stationed there.",
"He was appointed as the first High Commissioner.The mission was the '''Embassy of Bangladesh in the Maldives''' () from October 2016, when the Maldives left the Commonwealth, until February 2020.On 1 February 2020, when the Maldives returned to its status as a Commonwealth republic, this overseas mission reverted to the Bangladesh High Commission.In July 2021, the High Commission changed locations from Malé to Hulhumalé (both administratively belong to Malé)."
],
[
"Address",
"Plot 10982, Street 16, Nirolhu Magu, HulhumaléIt has been operating at Plot 10982, Street 16, Nirolhu Magu, Hulhumalé since July 2021.The previous address was \"G. Ufriya (7th & 8th Floor), Lonuziyaraih Magu, Malé\"."
],
[
"High Commissioner",
"Since 31 August 2020, Rear Admiral S.M.",
"Abul Kalam Azad has been serving as the High Commissioner."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Related",
"* High Commission of the Maldives, Dhaka* Bangladesh–Maldives relations"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"F. H. Smiles"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''F.",
"H. Smiles''' (1862 – 10 May 1895) was a Scottish surveyor who was involved in the establishment of Siam's (now Thailand's) railway network at the end of the nineteenth century, and who pioneered work in mapping out the official boundaries of the Kingdom."
],
[
"Career",
"F. H. Smiles AMICE was born in Edinburgh in 1862.He joined a civil engineer in Glasgow as a trainee surveyor and upon qualification joined Punchard, McTaggart, Lowther and Co. of London.",
"In 1888, Punchard and Co. were awarded a contract by the Siamese Government for railway surveys and Smiles went to Siam to join Sir Andrew Clarke who had been commissioned by the government to formulate plans for the construction of a railway network in Siam.",
"Whilst working as a member of Clarke's railway survey department of nine engineers, he surveyed many parts of the Kingdom including the route between Bangkok and Chiang Mai.In November 1891, he joined the Royal Survey Department as assistant to the Director General, James McCarthy who, under instructions from the King Chulalongkorn who was seeking to modernise Siam, was carrying out an extensive survey of the country and its borders with a view to constructing an accurate map of Siam.",
"Smiles spent three years carrying out survey work for the government in all parts of Siam.",
"Whilst near Siem Reap (in present day Cambodia) he contracted dysentery at Ban Chan and died on 10 May 1895.He was buried in the nearby town of Sanka."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Ibn al-Rif'ah"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Najm al-Dīn Abū l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Rifʿa''' (), commonly known as '''Ibn al-Rif'ah''' was regarded as the leading Shafi'i jurist in Mamluk Egypt.",
"He was praised by a number of people for his unparalleled expertise in Fiqh and Hadith.",
"He is known mainly for his commentaries on earlier works of law.",
"Ibn Taymiyyah said: “I saw an old man with Shafi’i jurisprudence dripping from his beard” indicting his sea of knowledge and deep-mastery in the Shafi'i school of thought.",
"Ibn al-Rif'ah was a student of Ibn Daqiq al-'Id and a teacher of Taqi al-Din al-Subki."
],
[
"Works",
"The ''Al-Matlab fi Sharh al-Wasit'', written in 60 volumes by Ibn al-Rif'ah, is the most significant commentary on ''al-Wasit'' by al-Ghazali.",
"He also authored ''Jawahir al-Bahr al-Muhbit'' which was an abridgement on a commentary of al-Wasit called ''Bahr al-Muhit'' by Najm al-Din Ahmad al-Qamuli (d. 1327).He authored ''Kifayat al-Nabih Sharh al-Tanbih'' in 21 volumes which is a famous commentary on ''Al-Tanbih'' by Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi.Ibn al-Rif'ah wrote a fatwa entitled ''Risala fi l'kanais wa-l-biya'' in 1301, and then in 1307 wrote an abridgement entitled ''al-Nafa'is fi Hadm al-Kana'is'' (items of value concerning the demolition of churches), also known as ''Kitab al-Nafa'is fi Adillat Hadm al-Kana'is''."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Ibn al-Rif'ah's biography in several biographical dictionaries"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Priyanka Khimani"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Priyanka Khimani''' is an Indian intellectual property lawyer from Mumbai.",
"Her clients have included AP Dhillon and Sushant Singh Rajput.Khimani was included in ''Billboard'' magazine's 2023 ''Billboard'' Women in Music list, and is the only Indian executive to have been included in the list."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Mara Beboos"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Mara Beboos''' (Persian: مرا ببوس which means kiss me) is a musical composition with poetry by \"Heydar Raqabi\" and music by \"Majid Vafadar\".",
"Initially performed by a Qashqai singer named \"Batool Rezaei\" with the stage name \"Parvaneh\" using the artistic name, but it gained fame and longevity through the rendition by \"Hassan Golnaraghi,\" a renowned and enduring performer.",
"This composition, in the Bayat-e Esfahan, accompanied by the violin of \"Parviz Yahaghi\" and the piano of \"Moshir Homayoun Shahrdar\", has become one of the enduring pieces in Persian traditional music.The lyrics of \"Mara Beboos\" are part of Heydar Raqabi's poetry collection titled \"آسمان اشک,\" (sky of tears) published in 1950-51 by \"Amir Kabir Publishers\".",
"In 1956, the song was featured in the film \"اتهام \" with the vocals of a singer named \"Parvaneh,\" but it did not receive much attention.",
"Subsequently, after the events of the \"1953 Iranian coup d'état\", the song \"Mara Beboos\" was broadcast for the first time on \"Radio Iran\" under a pseudonym.After the 1953 Iranian coup d'état on Radio Iran, the program \"شما و رادیو\" (You and Radio), hosted by \"Kamal Mostajab al-Da'vah,\" was broadcast.",
"Before playing the song, \"Mostajab al-Da'vah\" announced: \"This composition has been recorded in a private session, and due to its unique appeal, we are taking the initiative to broadcast it.\"",
"The term \"private session\" refers to the recording session of this song with the voice of \"Golnaraghi\" in Studio No.",
"8 of Radio Tehran.Various singers, including \"Alireza Hosseinkhani,\" a singer and Kamancheh player from the Lurs community, also performed this piece in the 1960s.",
"\"Mara Beboos\" has endured as a song of resistance, representing the final hours before execution, a cry against the coup, and suffocation in the history of Iran.",
"''Abdulrahim Jafari'' claims that \"Heydar Raqabi\" wrote this poem for a girl he loved, and its composition has no connection to the execution of Colonel Siyamak.According to individuals like \"Ali Tajvidi\", \"Parviz Yahaghi\", and \"Aziz Motazedi\", the music of \"Mara Beboos\" is inspired by an ancient Greek melody."
],
[
"Different Beliefs and more",
"There are various beliefs regarding the creation and singing of this song.",
"For instance, Parviz Khatibi, the playwright, satirist, and well-known program maker at Radio Iran, writes in his memoir collection titled \"Memories of Artists,\" published in a book called \"Memories of Artists,\" about the recording of the song \"Mara Beboos.\"",
"He mentions:\"... One day, when the members of the large Radio orchestra had gathered in Studio 8, waiting for Ruhollah Khaleqi, Hassan Golnaraghi came to meet Parviz Yahaghi.",
"Hassan, the son of a reputable market trader, had friendships with most artists...",
"They guide him to the studio, where Parviz Yahaghi is playing the violin, and one of the musicians is playing the piano for the song 'Mara Beboos.'",
"Parviz, looking at Golnaraghi, says: Listen to this song!",
"Golnaraghi listens to the song a couple of times, humming it quietly to himself.",
"Meanwhile, the person in charge of recording the music program, sitting behind the equipment, starts the machine and records the piece without anyone noticing.",
"Golnaraghi, focused on his own work, goes about his business, and the person in charge of recording sends the recorded tape to Moeinian, the head of Radio Publications.",
"When Moeinian and other officials listen to the tape, they decide to broadcast it and share the story with Parviz Yahaghi.",
"Parviz says this will cost Golnaraghi dearly because he comes from a well-known religious family, and his father strongly opposes artistic activities.",
"It is decided to invite Golnaraghi to the radio office and discuss the matter with him.",
"Golnaraghi comes, confirms Yahaghi's statements, but due to the insistence of friends, agrees to broadcast the tape without mentioning the name, using an alias for the unknown singer...\"These statements are published in the \"Shargh\" newspaper without verifying the accuracy of this narrative, which remains mostly a detective story in Tehran itself, from \"Parviz Yahaghi.",
"\"In the book \"Artistic Memoirs\" by Ismail Navaab Safa, a contemporary songwriter published under the name \"The Story of the Candle,\" we read another account about the recording of this song.",
"He cites Abbas Foroutan, who was in charge of the \"You and Radio\" program, which aired on Fridays on the radio in 1957, and writes:\"... One day, Mr. Mehdi Sohili, who was friends with Mr. Golnaraghi, brought him to me and said that Mr. Majid Vafadar had created an interesting song with lyrics by Mr. Heydar Raqebi, and Mr. Golnaraghi performs it very well.",
"When they performed it, I realized that it was a new and very interesting piece and very suitable for broadcasting on your program.",
"Mr. Vafadar was not present, but Mr. Mashayi Homayun and Parviz Yahaghi were there.",
"After rehearsal, Mr. Golnaraghi, along with Mashayi Homayun on the piano and Yahaghi on the violin, performed it for the first time, and it was broadcast on radio on Friday and received a lot of attention...\"The song \"Mara Beboos\" with Golnaraghi's voice was not recorded and performed again.",
"Whatever it was and is, it is the same version that was recorded in Studio 8 of Radio Iran, in Ark Square, Tehran.During those days, people said and believed that Colonel Ezzatollah Siamak, one of the leaders of the Military Organization of the Iranian Tudeh Party, had composed this sad yet exhilarating song, describing the tragic fate of officers being executed, just before his execution on October 18, 1954, in prison.Some believed that the second artillery colonel, Mohammad Ali Mobasheri, another member of the leadership of this organization, had composed this song, describing Colonel Siamak during his last meeting with his daughter on the night before the execution.",
"Although later Golnaraghi, the singer of this song, in an interview with Iraj Tabibi Gilani in the magazine \"Roshanfekr,\" after denying this claim for the first time, stated that the poet of this song is Heydar Raqebi, one of the professors in the literature department of the University of Tehran.In the Encyclopedia Iranica, it is mentioned: When Raqebi saw his friend Vafadar for the last time before leaving the country, Vafadar asked him to write a poem for the music he had recently composed.",
"Raqebi began to write and promised to finish it before leaving the country.",
"After spending the last night with his girlfriend, he called from the airport and dictated the poem he had written for Vafadar, full of vibrant and emotional words.=== Song Lyrics ===Kiss me, kiss meFor the last time, may God keep you as I go towards destinyOur spring has passed, the past is gone, and I am in search of destinyIn the midst of the storm, a pact with the sailorsPassing through life requires passing through stormsIn the middle of the night, I make pacts with my belovedSetting fires ablaze in the mountainsTonight, I'll travel through the dark, tread the path of darknessLook, my flower, tears of sorrow on my eyelashes, shed for meBeautiful girl tonight, I am your guest, I'll stay in front of you until you put your lips on mineBeautiful girl, with the lightning of your gaze, your innocent tears, brighten my night tonightThe star of the man at the dawn, like an angel, my companion, casting a glance all around,Swayed among the celestial beings.In his last look, an innocent gaze, he sang his last song.While I, from now on, have a heart on a different path.I have a different excitement, a different fervor in my head.In the bright morning, I must take that heart away because a bloody promise with a brighter morningI have...hasKiss meThis farewell kissSmells of blood=== Singer ===This work was initially performed by a singer called \"Parvaneh\" with the artistic name '''Parvaneh''', but it did not gain public popularity.",
"However, with Hassan Golnaraghi's performance, it took on a different color and became a lasting piece.",
"'''Batoul Razavi''', or '''Mrs.",
"Mouchoul''', was born in 1910 in Tehran, into a family of Qashqai from Shiraz.",
"She played the sitar, tar, and sang Persian traditional music.",
"She was the first person to record the sound of the sitar and sing simultaneously.",
"She took up singing at the court of the Qajar under \"''Ekrām-al-Dowleh''\" and was also a disciple of \"''Reza Qoli-Khan Nowruzi''\".",
"She recorded about 10 pages of music in the winter of 1927, capturing the sound of the sitar and her singing in the corners of Zabol and Mansoori.",
"She died due to tuberculosis in 1933.She is buried in the Ibn Babawayh Cemetery in the south of Tehran.",
"Her only child was a daughter named \"Aghdas\" who later, as an artist, sang like her mother using the artistic name \"Khatereh Parvaneh\".",
"'''Hassan Golnaraghi''' was born in 1921 in ''Abshar Street'', ''Rey Street'' in Tehran.",
"After completing his high school education, he engaged in his father's business of buying and selling antique glass and china.",
"He gradually became a valuable expert in the field of antique studies, and practitioners in this field accepted his opinion.",
"Hassan Golnaraghi had a short and medium-sized business for years in the glassware sellers' market in Tehran Bazaar.",
"He was satisfied and honest in his work and was respected by glass and china merchants until the end of his life.",
"He had a tall stature, white hair, and spoke calmly.",
"Hassan Golnaraghi was a non-professional singer, and with the song \"Mara Beboos,\" his name was included in the list of Iranian singers.",
"Another song remaining from him is \"Setare-ye Mard\" (man star ) which never reached the popularity of the song \"Mara Beboos.\"",
"He passed away in 1993 aged 72.When a memorial ceremony was held for him in Tehran, the gathering of intellectuals who participated in his memorial was more than the merchants and small traders of the traditional market of Iran who had reached the government.=== Poet ===\"Heydar Raqabi,\" also known as Heydar Ali Raqabi, with the pseudonym \"Haleh,\" was a political activist in Iran during the 1950s.",
"His father, was a supporter of \"Mohammad Mosaddegh, and cashier in an expensive restaurant.",
", and his mother was related to \"Bijan Taraghi,\" a famous songwriter.",
"Politically, Heydar was considered a nationalist with active engagement.",
"He passed away at the end of the 1980s.In reading the description that \"Bijan Taraghi\" has of \"Heydar Raqabi,\" we see that his political activities are mostly portrayed as \"scattering the opposition's gatherings\" and \"repeatedly getting injured and ending up in the hospital.\""
],
[
"References",
" fa:مرا ببوس"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Baomahun Hybrid Power Station"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Baomahun Hybrid Power Station''', is a hybrid power plant under development in Sierra Leone.",
"The power station comprises: (a) a solar power plant (b) a 13 MW/13.8 MWh battery storage power station (BESS) and (c) a 21 MW thermal power plant.",
"The power station is owned and under development by CrossBoundary Energy, an independent power producer (IPP) based in Kenya.",
"The off-taker in ''FG Gold Limited'' a mining company, domiciled in Sierra Leone and based in Freetown, the country's capital city.",
"The power is intended for use in FG Gold's new ''Baomahun Gold Mine'', in Baomahun.",
"Sierra Leone."
],
[
"Location",
"The power station would be located on the premises of Baomahun Gold Mine, located on of real estate, just north of the town of Baomahun, Sierra Leone.",
"Baomahun is located in Bo District in the country's Southern Province, approximately east of Freetown, the capital and largest city in that country."
],
[
"Overview",
"FG Gold Limited is constructing a gold mine near Baomahun, Sierra Leone.",
"The mine is expected to yield 147,000 ounces per year, peaking at 234,000 ounces, over a 12.5-year mine life.",
"The mine is expected to produce 5.81 million ounces over its lifespan.",
"It is projected to be the country's largest gold mine.To power the mine's operations, FG Gold Limited signed a 20-year power purchase agreement with CrossBoundary Energy to build this hybrid power plant under the build–own–operate–transfer (BOOT) arrangement."
],
[
"Construction timeline and costs",
"The gold mine and the hybrid power station are expected to commence construction in 2024 and reach commercial commissioning in 2025.All the construction costs for the power station are to be incurred by CrossBoundary Energy."
],
[
"See also",
"*List of power stations in Sierra Leone"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Overview of Electricity Sector in Sierra Leone"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Waller baronets of Newport (1780)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Escutcheon of the Waller baronets of NewportThe '''Waller baronetcy''', of Newport in the County of Tipperary, was created in the Baronetage of Ireland on 1 June 1780 for Robert Waller, Member of the Irish Parliament for Dundalk and a Commissioner of Revenue.",
"The 2nd Baronet served as High Sheriff of King's County in 1826."
],
[
"Waller baronets, of Newport (1780)",
"*Sir Robert Waller, 1st Baronet (1738–1780)*Sir Robert Waller, 2nd Baronet (1768–1826)*Sir Charles Townshend Waller, 3rd Baronet (1772–1830)*Sir Edmund Waller, 4th Baronet (1797–1851)*Sir Edmund Arthur Waller, 5th Baronet (1846–1888)*Sir Charles Waller, 6th Baronet (1835–1912)*Sir William Edgar Waller, 7th Baronet (1863–1943)*Sir Roland Edgar Waller, 8th Baronet (1892–1958)*Sir Robert William Waller, 9th Baronet (1934–2000)*Sir John Michael Waller, 10th Baronet (born 1962), resident in the USA.The heir apparent is the present holder's son John Michael Waller (born 1994)."
],
[
"Notes"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Finn Delap"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Finn Anthony Delap''' (born 10 June 2005) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for club Burton Albion."
],
[
"Career",
"Delap joined the Burton Albion academy following his release from Derby County, signing a scholarship in July 2021.He spent time on loan with Southern League Premier Division Central club Ilkeston Town in the 2022–23 season, signing a new contract upon his return to Burton.In August 2023, Delap joined Mickleover, returning to the club in February 2024, where he signed a new one-year deal.",
"On 10 February 2024, he made his senior debut for the club, coming off of the bench in a victory away at Bristol Rovers."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Delap is the son of former professional footballer Rory Delap, who represented the Republic of Ireland national team.",
"His brother is Manchester City forward Liam Delap."
],
[
"Career statistics",
"+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competitionClubSeasonLeagueFA CupLeague CupOtherTotalDivisionAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsBurton Albion2022–23League One00000000002023–24League One1000000010Total1000000010Ilkeston Town (loan)2022–23Southern League Premier Division Central24100—00241Mickleover (loan)2023–24Southern League Premier Division Central23031—40301Career total481310040552"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Hvigor"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Hvigor''' is a build automation tool for multi-language software development built on TypeScript.",
"It controls the development process in the tasks of compilation and packaging to testing, deployment, and publishing of a number of programming languages such as JS, eTS on older versions, ArkTS app development for DevEco Studio IDE."
],
[
"History",
"Hvigor was Introduced on DevEco Studio 3.0 Beta 3 update in April 2022 for developers on HarmonyOS, Oniro OS and OpenHarmony Development, primiarly originally on eTS (extended TypeScript), a precursor of ArkTS a superset of TypeScript language and JavaScript programming languages.=== Major versions ===+VersionDate3.0 (Beta 3)4 April 20223.18 April 20234.0 CanaryOctober 2023"
],
[
"Features",
"Hvigor, sometimes named 'Vigor build system' as a base, builds on the concepts of an improved Gradle replacement on older versions of DevEco Studio IDE, built on TypeScript.",
"It's role as a build system that combines the cli tools of npm package management mechanism, that primarily provides core capabilities of task management mechanisms, task registrations and scheduling, project model managements, configuration managements, new command line entries, and compilation in Ark Compiler which is more in line with OpenHarmony, HarmonyOS and Oniro OS Development of primary ArkTS/JS programming languages with TS backend for building workflow of native HarmonyOS App Pack files that shows up within the DevEco Studio Engineering-grade package.json configurations.",
"Hvigor is lightweight designed build tool for OpenHarmony, Oniro OS and HarmonyOS development, addresses the redundant, bloated and slower Gradle build tool that was first used in earlier versions of DevEco Studio 1.0 and 2.0 Integrated development environment for basic incomplete HarmonyOS SDK in Java development."
],
[
"Distribution",
"Hvigor is a Freeware build tool bundled in DevEco Studio IDE that is used to build HarmonyOS, Oniro OS and OpenHarmony app development with both HarmonyOS and OpenHarmony SDK."
],
[
"See also",
"* List of build automation software* Gradle* DevEco Studio"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Erik van Sabben"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Erik van Sabben''' (Vlissingen, The Netherlands January 31, 1972—January 16, 2009) was a Dutch engineer recruited in 2005 by the Dutch intelligence services AIVD and MIVD to infect the Stuxnet malware in the centrifuge structure at the Natanz nuclear enrichment lab in Iran in 2007.Although he completed the covert mission successfully and left Iran without incident, he later died in an apparent single-vehicle motorcycle accident in Dubai.",
"He was survived by his wife and children."
],
[
"See also",
"*2021 Natanz incident*Nuclear program of Iran"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Further reading",
"*"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Jatiya Sangsad (Reserved Women Seats) Election Act, 2004"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Jatiya Sangsad (Reserved Women Seats) Election Act, 2004''' was an act of the Jatiya Sangshad, the parliament of Bangladesh, passed in 2004, creating reserved seats in the parliament of Bangladesh for women."
],
[
"History",
"The original constitution of Bangladesh in 1972 reserved 15 seats for women in the Jatiya Sangshad for the first ten years.",
"This was increased to 30 seats in 1979 through the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of Bangladesh for the next 15 years.",
"The reserved seats expired in 1988 and no steps were taken to replace them.",
"The Tenth Amendment to the Constitution of Bangladesh increased the reserved seats to 30 for ten more years in 1990.The provision expired in 2001.The 14th amendment to the Constitution of Bangladesh was passed on 17 May 2004 increased the reserved seats to 45.Moudud Ahmed, Minister of Law of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, wrote the bill in 2004.The bill would create 45 additional seats reserved for women.",
"They would be distributed to political parties proportional to the number of seats they hold in the parliament.",
"The number would be calculated using a formula and decided by the Election Commission.",
"The move was criticized by the Awami League and the Jatiya Party as being unconstitutional.",
"They called for the women to be elected to the reserved seats rather than appointed.In January 2005, Justice M. A. Matin and Justice Abdur Rahman of the Bangladesh Supreme Court placed an injunction on holding the polls to reserved seat while it heard three petitions challenging the constitutionality of the act.",
"The petition was filed by a group of women activists including Sigma Huda, Naila Z Khan, Tasneem Siddiqui, and Farida Akhter.",
"The parliament passed an amendment as it failed to hold the election in 45 days extending the deadline.In September 2005, 36 women members of parliament joined the Jatiya Sangshad under the reservation while the opposition Awami League choose to nominate no-one for their allocated nine reserved seats.The 2008, Awami League manifesto promised to increased the number of reserved seats for women.",
"In 2009, for the first time women from reserved seats were elected parliament already held the inaugural session.",
"On 30 June 2011, the 15th amendment to the Constitution of Bangladesh was passed which increase the reserved seats from 45 to 50.In September 2023, the parliament of Bangladesh passed the Jatiya Sangsad (Women Reserved Seat) Election (Amendment) Bill, 2023.The amendment increased the security deposit of candidates from ten thousand taka to 20 thousand taka.",
"It increased the time to hold by-elections to reserved seats from 45 to 90 days.",
"The draft was first approved by the Election Commission."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Crimean Campaign (1475)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Crimean Expedition in 1475''', orchestrated under the command of Gedik Ahmed Pasha, stands as a pivotal naval campaign conducted by the Ottoman navy in 1475.Its primary objective was the seizure of the Genoese colonies nestled within Crimea, thereby asserting Ottoman authority over the region and placing the Crimean Khanate under Ottoman protection."
],
[
"Background",
"Following the momentous Conquest of Constantinople in 1453, Sultan Mehmed II strategically prioritized the consolidation of Ottoman control along the Black Sea coastline.",
"This vision materialized through a series of conquests, notably the vassalization of the Principality of Moldavia in 1454, followed by the annexation of Amasra in 1459, Sinop, and the Greek Empire of Trebizond in 1461.However, despite these territorial gains, Crimea remained a coveted prize due to its strategic location along vital trade routes, predominantly controlled by the Genoese.",
"Despite earlier Ottoman naval forays aimed at bolstering influence, such as expeditions against the Genoese stronghold of Kaffa in 1454 and 1469, the Genoese continued to wield considerable influence in Crimean affairs.The year 1469 marked a turning point as tensions escalated following the Ottoman navy's incursion, led by Yakup Bey, resulting in the plunder of Genoese settlements and the capture of men loyal to Menli Giray, the Khan of Crimea.",
"This incited a rift between Mehmed II and Menli Giray, the latter being perceived as an unfavorable candidate for the Crimean throne by Mehmed.",
"Concurrently, the Genoese, though reducing their annual tribute, escalated their involvement in Crimean politics.",
"Notably, their dismissal of Eminek Bey, suspected of Ottoman sympathies, ignited a rebellion against Menli Giray, prompting Mehmed II to conceive a military intervention in Crimea."
],
[
"Campaign",
"Caffa castleIn the summer of 1475, Mehmed II dispatched the Rumelian army, led by Hadım Suleiman Pasha, to engage the Moldavian Principality while concurrently deploying the Ottoman fleet, under the command of Gedik Ahmed Pasha, to confront the Genoese presence in Crimea.",
"A fleet comprising approximately 200 ships, alongside transport vessels, embarked on the expedition and landed on the Crimean peninsula in early June.",
"Despite initial attempts at peaceful negotiations for the surrender of the castle of Caffa, Turkish forces, under Gedik Ahmed Pasha, resorted to a siege when their entreaties were rebuffed.",
"The castle ultimately capitulated on June 9, following pressure exerted on the Genoese tekfur, the castle's garrison commander.",
"This marked a significant victory as Turkish troops entered and secured the fortress.Menli I Giray and Bayezid IISubsequent to the capture of Caffa, Gedik Ahmed Pasha facilitated the release of Menli Giray from Genoese captivity and forged a treaty establishing Ottoman protectorate over the Crimean Khanate.",
"The Ottoman navy swiftly expanded its conquests, capturing strategic strongholds such as Caffa, Sudak, Kerch, and Azov, effectively dismantling Genoese dominance in Crimea."
],
[
"Aftermath",
"The Crimean Expedition of 1475 emerged as a watershed moment, representing the Ottoman navy's second major overseas military endeavor following the Siege of Negroponte in 1470.This triumph solidified Ottoman hegemony over Crimea and secured control over crucial Northern Black Sea trade routes.",
"Furthermore, the Crimean Khanate's integration into the Ottoman protectorate heralded a transformative shift in regional geopolitics, granting the Khanate strategic leverage over neighboring adversaries while affording the Ottoman Empire an avenue to extend its influence through proxy intervention."
],
[
"See also",
"* Mengli I Giray* Gedik Ahmed Pasha* Siege of Negroponte (1470)"
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Sources",
"* Nur Akbaş, ''Gedik Ahmed Pasha's Crimean Expedition According to Ottoman Sources'', International Journal of Historical Studies * Âşık Paşazâde, ''History of the Ottomans'' * Alexander A. Vasiliev, The Goths in the Crimea * Selahattin Tansel, ''Sultan the Conqueror Mehmet's Political and Military Activities'', Istanbul 1999* '' Encyclopedia of Islam, Gedik Ahmed Pasha'', Turkish Religious Foundation 1996"
],
[
"External links",
"* The Goths in the Crimea : Alexander A. Vasiliev : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive* GEDİK AHMED PAŞA - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (islamansiklopedisi.org.tr)"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Waller baronets of Braywick Lodge (1815)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Waller baronetcy''', of Braywick Lodge in the County of Berkshire, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 30 May 1815 for Wathen Waller, Groom of the Bedchamber to the Duke of Clarence and St Andrews.",
"The 3rd Baronet was a major general.",
"The 7th Baronet was an author and poet and a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.",
"He left no heir, and title became extinct on his death in 1995."
],
[
"Waller baronets, of Braywick Lodge (1815)",
"*Sir (Jonathan) Wathen Waller, 1st Baronet (1769–1853).",
"Born Wathen Phipps, he was the son of Joshua Phipps and his wife Anne, daughter of Thomas Waller, and assumed by sign-manual in 1814 the surname of Waller in lieu of his patronymic as the heir of his maternal great-uncle James Waller.",
"*Sir Thomas Wathen Waller, 2nd Baronet (1805–1892)*Sir George Henry Waller, 3rd Baronet (1837–1892)*Sir Francis Ernest Waller, 4th Baronet (1880–1914)*Sir Wathen Arthur Waller, 5th Baronet (1881–1947)*Sir Edmund Waller, 6th Baronet (1871–1954)*Sir John Stanier Waller, 7th Baronet (1917–1995)"
],
[
"Notes"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Masasa, Mzuzu"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Masasa''' is a densely populated township in Northern Region, Malawi.",
"It is located in the Northern Region of the Mzuzu.Masasa is known for its beautiful landscapes and serene environment.",
"The area is also home to several regional parks and recreational facilities."
],
[
"Geography",
"Masasa is situated West of Mzuzu city.",
"It is close to places such as Katoto.",
"It is near Nkhata Bay District."
],
[
"Institutions",
"==== Masasa Community Day Secondary School ====Masasa CDSS (Community Day Secondary School) is located in about 45 minutes walk, South-West, from the centre of Mzuzu in Masasa.",
"The Day Secondary Schools cost around £7 per term, and boarding schools from £20 to £70 per term.",
"The School has over 9 teachers and over 200 students taught in four Forms.==== Masasa Primary School ====Masasa Primary School is located in South of Masasa and serves as the community primary school.==== Chideso Childcare and Community Assistant ====* The ‘Child Development Support Organization’, also called Chideso for short, is a community-based organisation in Masasa in Mzuzu city in the north of Malawi.",
"The organization was established in 2007 and is registered with the Ministry of Gender, Women, Children and ommunity Development Services.",
"* North Nyasa Institute of Management"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 Belgian Darts Open"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 Blåkläder Belgian Darts Open''' will be the first of thirteen PDC European Tour events on the 2024 PDC Pro Tour.",
"The tournament will take place at the Oktoberhallen, Wieze, Belgium from 8–10 March 2024.It will feature a field of 48 players and £175,000 in prize money, with £30,000 going to the winner.Michael van Gerwen is the defending champion after defeating Luke Humphries 8–6 in the 2023 final."
],
[
"Prize money",
"The prize fund remained at £175,000, with £30,000 to the winner:Stage (num.",
"of players)Prize money'''Winner'''(1)£30,000'''Runner-up'''(1)£12,000'''Semi-finalists'''(2)£8,500'''Quarter-finalists'''(4)£6,000'''Third round losers'''(8)£4,000'''Second round losers'''(16)£2,500*'''First round losers'''(16)£1,250'''Total'''£175,000* Seeded players who lose in the second round of the event shall not be credited with prize money on any Order of Merit.",
"A player who qualifies as a qualifier, but later becomes a seed due to the withdrawal of one or more other players shall be credited with their prize money on all Orders of Merit regardless of how far they progress in the event."
],
[
"Qualification and format",
"A massive overhaul in the qualification for the 2024 European Tour events was announced on 7 January.For the first time, both the PDC Order of Merit and the PDC ProTour Order of Merit rankings were used to determine 32 of the 48 entrants for the event.The top 16 on the PDC Order of Merit qualified, along with the highest 16 ranked players on the PDC ProTour Order of Merit (after the PDC Order of Merit players were removed).",
"From those 32 players, the 16 highest ranked players on the PDC ProTour Order of Merit were seeded for the event.The seedings were confirmed on 6 February.The remaining 16 places went to players from four qualifying events – 10 from the Tour Card Holder Qualifier (held on 14 February), four from the Host Nation Qualifier (held on 7 March), one from the Nordic & Baltic Associate Member Qualifier (held on 16 February), and one from the East European Associate Member Qualifier (held on 10 February).The following players will take part in the tournament::'''Seeded Players'''# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # :'''Order of Merit Qualifiers''':* :* :* :* :* :* :* :* :* :* :* :* :* :* :* :* :'''Tour Card Qualifier''':* :* :* :* :* :* :* :* :* :* :'''Host Nation Qualifier''':* :* :* :* :'''Nordic & Baltic Qualifier''':* :'''East European Qualifier''':*"
],
[
"Draw"
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Toma Cantacuzino"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Toma Cantacuzino''' (b. Bucharest – December 22, 1721, Truhnovo, Russia) was a Romanian ''Spatharios'' and general in the tsarist army.",
"He was a member of the Cantacuzino family and cousin of Constantin Brâncoveanu and Ștefan Cantacuzino."
],
[
"Biography",
"Toma Cantacuzino was born in 1670 at Bucharest.",
"His father was Matei Cantacuzino and mother was Bălașa Drugănescu.",
"His both parents died when he was young and was raised by his uncle, Şerban Cantacuzino.",
"Brâncoveanu's Italian secretary, Anton Maria del Chiaro, described Toma as a brave man with a vast culture and a good connoisseur of the Latin and Italian languages.In 1693, he was made second logofat and then, 1704, promoted to grand postelnic.",
"In 1706, he was made grand back which made the entire light cavalry of the ruler under his command.In 1707, Constantin Brâncoveanu appointed him back, after he had dismissed him from the position of stolnic in 1704.In April 1711, the Treaty of Lutsk was signed secretly between Dimitrie Cantemir and Peter the Great, following which the Principality of Moldavia sided with Russia in the anti-Ottoman struggle.",
"Constantin Brâncoveanu hesitated to side with him.",
"Toma Cantacuzino, who commanded the cavalry of Wallachia, openly sided with the Russians on June 11 despite Brâncoveanu's orders.",
"This betrayal contributed to the execution of Constantin Brâncoveanu and his four children.Tsar named him Major General and was ordered to capture the fortress of Brăila.",
"After the conquest of Braila, on July 25, 1711, Toma returned to his home in Filipeștii de Pădure, where he received the news of the conclusion of peace between the Sultan and the Tsar.",
"In 1712, he went to the Russian Empire where the tsar granted him the title of count and appointed him a major general in the Russian imperial cavalry.He received the command of the troops that supervised the construction of a canal that was supposed to connect the Baltic Sea and Sea of Azov.",
"Due to the very cold northern climate, he died on 22 December 1721.He is buried in the family crypt of his cousin, Constantin Brâncoveanu, in the church of the Saint Nicholas Monastery in Moscow."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"MASKO"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''MASKO''' is an underground station on the M9 line of the Istanbul Metro.",
"It is located on Süleyman Demirel Boulevard in the Ziya Gökalp neighbourhood of Başakşehir.",
"It was opened on 29 May 2021."
],
[
"Station layout",
"'''Platform level''''''Northbound'''← toward Olimpiyat (İkitelli Sanayi)'''Southbound''' toward Bahariye (terminus) →"
],
[
"Operation information",
"Total length of M9 line is 5.9 km.",
"The line operates between 06.00 - 00.00 and train frequency is 10 minutes."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"The guardhouse on Sennaya Square"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''The guardhouse on Sennaya Square''' is historic building in Saint Petersburg, located at Sennaya Square (Sadovaya Street, 37, Spassky Lane, 13)."
],
[
"History",
"The original building of the guardhouse was constructed on Sennaya Square in the 18th century.",
"The present structure was built in 1818—1820 by Vikenty Beretti; it is the only typical building of its kind preserved in Russian cities.In March 1874, Fyodor Dostoevsky was here under arrest for censorship violations as the editor of the magazine \"Grazhdanin\".",
"Corporal punishments of serfs from the 18th to the early 19th centuries took place on Sennaya Square right in front of the guardhouse's entrance.Since 1886 (or since November 17, 1891), the building housed the City Sanitary-Analytical Station, which inspected products broughtto the square for sale.",
"The laboratory operated daily from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., except on holidays.",
"The first floor housed the reception area, a large working hall (containing apparatuses and instruments), rooms for weighing and microscopic studies, and a 'hydrogen sulfide' room (with apparatuses for synthesizing hydrogen sulfide, a spectroscope, and a polarimeter).",
"To furnish it, the City Administration bought equipment from private organizations, the Society for Public Health Protection, and Zverintsev's Analytical Station.",
"From 1891 to 1895, senior laboratory assistant M. F. Shcherbakov lived on the second floor, and in 1895, the floor was allocated for the bacteriological department.",
"In 1891, the building underwent internal reconstruction for the needs of the laboratory while preserving its external appearance.",
"After 1917, the laboratory underwent several name changes.Before World War I, the house housed a perfume-pharmacy store of the French firm Maison Frère.\"...",
"during the flood of 1924, water flooded the chemical department located on the 1st floor; in the working hall, water stood 48 cm above the floor.",
"After the flood, the floor in the working hall began to threaten collapse\".",
"After renovation in 1926, a store was opened in the former guardhouse; in 1934, it became a grocery store, and from 1936, it was the construction office of Gorpromtorg, and from 1957 to 1987, it served as Intercity Bus Station No.",
"1.In 1994, a fire occurred in the reptile department of the Leningrad Zoo, prompting Anatoly Sobchak to allocate the guardhouse building for the terrarium.",
"In 2004, a fire occurred again, this time at a new location, resulting in the deaths of approximately 150 reptiles.",
"As of the 2020s, the building houses the City Tourist Information Bureau."
],
[
"Architecture",
"Facing the center of Sennaya Square, located in its northern corner, it was symmetrical to the entrance of Savior on Sennaya.",
"Behind the main building, there were service buildings behind a metal fence.",
"The main facade is adorned with a portico with four Tuscan columns (which harmonized with the nearby church) and reliefs with reliefs depicting military armor on the metopes."
],
[
"Gallery",
"2570.St.",
"Petersburg.",
"Guardhouse on Sennaya square.jpg|Front viewСенная площадь Гауптвахта Детали 2.jpg|Portico decoration.",
"FragmentГауптвахта на Сенной 05.jpg|Reliefs on the metopesAlexander Brullov - Sennaya Square - WGA03670.jpg|1822.Alexander Brullov, Sennaya Square1838 г. Ладюрнер А.И.",
"Развод караула лейб-гвардии Московского полка.jpg|1838.Wilhelm-Adolf Ladurner.",
"Changing of the guard of the Moscow Life Guards Regiment.Dostoyevsky in prison.jpg|Dostoevsky during arrestНива._1891._№27-52.pdf|City laboratory.",
"Room for hydrogen sulfide work.",
"Room for weighing and microscopic work.",
"Reception room|page=583"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Literature",
"* *"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Jenny Jordahl"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Jenny Jordahl''' (born 17 July 1989) is a Norwegian illustrator, comics creator and writer."
],
[
"Early and personal life",
"Jordahl was born in Oslo on 17 July 1989.She is educated from Kunsthøgskolen i Oslo."
],
[
"Career",
"In 2015 Jordahl published the book ''F-ordet.",
"155 grunner til å være feminist'', together with Marta Breen and Madeleine Schultz, for which they received the award ''Fagbokprisen'' from the Ministry of Culture.She further collaborated with Breen on the comics trilogy: ''60 damer du skulle ha møtt.",
"Norsk kvinnehistorie for deg som har det travelt'' (2016), ''Kvinner i kamp.",
"150 års kamp for frihet, likhet, søsterskap!''",
"(2018), and ''Patriarkatet faller.",
"Sexismens historie og kvinners motstandskamp'' (2021).",
"''Kvinner i kamp'' has become a success internationally, and has been translated into 28 languages as of 2024.She is also known for the comics series ''Grønne greier'', a collaboration with climate journalist , published in Aftenposten junior and eventually a book.In 2020 she issued the graphic novel ''Hva skjedde egentlig med deg?",
"'', about issues such as friendship, overweight and eating disorder.",
"For this book she was awarded the Brage Prize, the Pondus Prize, and the Italian Orbil Prize."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Les Hutchings"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Les Hutchings''' is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s.",
"He played for Canterbury-Bankstown in the NSWRL competition."
],
[
"Playing career",
"Hutchings hailed from the New South Wales town of Condobolin.",
"Hutchings had played for the Country New South Wales rugby league team before signing with Canterbury-Bankstown.",
"He made his first grade debut for Canterbury in round 15 of the 1970 NSWRFL season against South Sydney at the Sydney Sports Ground.In the same year, he was selected for New South Wales and played two interstate matches against Queensland.",
"Hutchings made a total of 43 appearances for Canterbury between 1970 and 1973."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2023 Davis Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group V"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Asia/Oceania Zone''' was the unique zone within Group 5 of the regional Davis Cup competition in 2023.The zone's competition was held in round robin format in Isa Town, Bahrain from 25 to 28 October 2023."
],
[
"Participating nations"
],
[
"Draw",
"Date: 25–28 October 2023Location: Bahrain Tennis Federation, Isa Town, Bahrain (Hard)Format: Round-robin basis.",
"Three pools of three teams and one pool of four teams and nations will play each team once in their pool.",
"Nations finishing first of each pool will enter promotional play-offs, with the first of Pool A facing the first of Pool D and the first of Pool B facing the first of Pool C, and the two winners will be promoted to Asia/Oceania Zone Group IV in 2024.===Seeding===Pot NationRank1Seed123*1Davis Cup Rankings as of ===Round Robin=======Pool A========Pool B========Pool C========Pool D====''Standings are determined by: 1.number of wins; 2.number of matches; 3.in two-team ties, head-to-head records; 4.in three-team ties, (a) percentage of sets won (head-to-head records if two teams remain tied), then (b) percentage of games won (head-to-head records if two teams remain tied), then (c) Davis Cup rankings.",
"''===Playoffs===PlacingA TeamScoreB TeamPromotional '''''' 2–1 Promotional '''''' 3–0 Fifth '''''' 2–1 Seventh '''''' 3–0 Ninth 1–2 ''''''Eleventh '''''' 3–0 *'''''' and '''''' were promoted to 2024 Davis Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group IV."
],
[
"Round Robin",
"===Pool A=======Bahrain vs. Myanmar========Bhutan vs. Myanmar========Bahrain vs. Bhutan=======Pool B=======Qatar vs. Nepal========Yemen vs. Nepal========Yemen vs. Qatar=======Pool C=======Mongolia vs. Maldives========Bangladesh vs. Maldives========Bangladesh vs. Mongolia=======Pool D=======Brunei Durassalam vs. Tajikistan========Laos vs. Macau========Brunei Durassalam vs. Macau========Laos vs. Tajikistan========Brunei Durassalam vs. Laos========Tajikistan vs. Macau===="
],
[
"Play-offs",
"===Promotional play-offs=======Myanmar vs. Laos========Qatar vs. Mongolia=======Fifth place play-off=======Bahrain vs. Brunei Durassalam=======Seventh place play-off=======Nepal vs. Maldives=======Ninth place play-off=======Bhutan vs. Macau=======Eleventh place play-off=======Yemen vs. Bangladesh===="
],
[
"Final placements",
"'''Placing''''''Teams''''''Promoted/First''''''''''''''''''Third''''''Fifth''''''Sixth''''''Seventh''''''Eighth''''''Ninth''''''Tenth''''''Eleventh''''''Twelfth''''''Thirteenth'''*'''''' and '''''' were promoted to 2024 Davis Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group IV."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Official Website"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Ramdas Padhye"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Ramdas Padhye''' (born 24 January 1945) is an Indian ventriloquist, puppeteer and puppet maker.",
"He has performed in India and abroad for five decades.",
"Ramdas did his first TV debut in 1972 along with his puppet 'Ardhavatrao' when Doordarshan called him to do a 15-minute show.Ramdas was the first Indian ventriloquist to perform on various International television network like NBC, CBS and BBC.",
"Ramdas Padhye also trained Bollywood actors like Amitabh Bachchan and Aditya Roy Kapur in ventriloquism."
],
[
"Career",
"Ramdas also performed before the former Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi in New Delhi in the year 1968.In 2001, American puppeteer Robert Rockwood used puppets made by Ramdas Padhye at Atlanta.In 2020, Ramdas along with his son Satyajit Padhye designed India's first 3D printed puppet for film Ludo."
],
[
"Filmography",
"+ Performed in films Year Film Note(s) 1983 Mahaan 1993 Zapatlela 2002 Dil Hai Tumhaara 2013 Zapatlela 2 + Television Show Platform Ref(s) Gharat Basale Saare Zee Marathi Meri Bhi Suno Doordarshan"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External Links"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Bahariye (Istanbul Metro)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Bahariye''' is an underground station on the M9 line of the Istanbul Metro.",
"It is located on Şehit Albay Rıdvan Özden Street in the Memet Akif neighbourhood of Küçükçekmece.",
"It was opened on 29 May 2021, and is the current southern terminus of the line."
],
[
"Station layout",
"'''Platform level''''''Northbound'''← toward Olimpiyat (MASKO)'''Southbound''' termination platform →"
],
[
"Operation information",
"Total length of M9 line is 5.9 km.",
"The line operates between 06.00 - 00.00 and train frequency is 10 minutes."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Ivan Halic"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Ivan Halic''' (also '''Ioan Halic'''; 18 September 1910 – 8 July 1978) was a Romanian chess player, Romanian Chess Championship winner (1936)."
],
[
"Biography",
"In 1936, Ivan Halic won individual Romanian Chess Championship in Bucharest.",
"As a member of the Romanian national team, he took part in the 3rd unofficial Chess Olympiad in 1936.Ivan Halic was participant in the Hungarian Chess Championship in 1937 (played out of competition, the championship was held with the participation of foreign chess players).",
"He also played in the international chess tournament in Bucharest (1949)."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"**"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Muroto Schoolhouse Aquarium"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Muroto Schoolhouse Aquarium'''(むろと廃校水族館) opened on April 26, 2018, after renovating the former Muroto Municipal Shiina Elementary School (founded in 1874; closed in 2001, closed in 2006) in Muroto-misaki Town, Muroto City, Kochi Prefecture.",
"It is operated and managed by members of the Japan Sea Turtle Council, a non-profit organization (NPO).The aquarium breeds 1,000 saltwater fish of about 50 species, all of which were acquired from local fishermen.",
"Although small in size, the aquarium often brings in rare fish and large marine creatures, including hammerhead sharks, tiger sharks, loggerhead turtles, and green turtles, some of which can be touched by visitors."
],
[
"History",
"History of the Museum and After its OpeningMuroto City invested 500 million yen to develop this facility with the aim of revitalizing the city by using closed schools.",
"The Japan Sea Turtle Conservation Society took on the management of the facility, partly to use it as a place to present the scientific research that has been conducted in Muroto since 2001, and partly out of regret that two elementary schools in the city were closed during that time.Despite the fact that there were no animals to attract visitors, the number of visitors exceeded initial expectations, and on July 22, less than three months after opening, the total number of visitors exceeded 30,000, and on August 11, three and a half months later, the initial target of 40,000 had been reached.",
"On October 30 of the same year, the number of visitors reached the 100,000 mark.",
"In 2020, the museum was temporarily closed to prevent the spread of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), but reopened in mid-May, and the total number of visitors since its opening exceeded 320,000 in June."
],
[
"Exhibits",
"25-meter pool tankFish and shellfish are displayed in tanks installed in classrooms in the old school building, in the old washrooms, and in the 25-meter pool.Most of the more than 1,000 sea creatures of 50 species on display were caught by local fishermen in fixed nets or by the staff themselves.",
"The 25-meter pool is home to sharks and eagle rays such as hammerhead sharks, the large circular tank is home to mackerel, sunfish, and small stingrays, while the original classroom houses lionfish and moray eels.The museum also keeps sea turtles, which is the name of the organization for which it is the designated manager.In addition to ecological exhibits, specimens of deep-sea fish and minke whales are also on display.File:Tobibako Water tank.jpgFile:Muroto Schoolhouse Aquarium Sink.jpgFile:Muroto Schoolhouse Aquarium Pool 3.jpgFile:Scyllarides haani Muroto.jpgFile:Panulirus longipes Muroto2.jpgFile:Yumekasago Muroto 2.jpgFile:Diodon eydouxii Muroto2.jpgFile:Monocentris japonica Muroto.jpg"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Alvania interrupta"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Alvania interrupta''''' is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae."
],
[
"Description",
"This species is characterized by its irregularly-placed spiral ribs, these being crowded anteriorly, but almost absent posteriorly, so that spire-whorls have only two distinct ribs close to suture below.",
"There are, however, traces of faint flattish ribs with linear interstices between these and suture above, and a distinct groove crosses ribs just below suture."
],
[
"Distribution",
"Fossils of this marine species were found in Tertiary strata in New Zealand"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Hutton, F. W. (1885).",
"Descriptions of new Tertiary shells.",
"Part 1.Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 17: 313-324."
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Matthew Callinan"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Matthew Callinan''' is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s.",
"He played for Canterbury-Bankstown in the NSWRL competition."
],
[
"Playing career",
"Callinan was originally from the town of Wingham and signed for Canterbury in the 1985 NSWRL season.",
"Callinan made his first grade debut for Canterbury in round 14 against Cronulla at Shark Park.Despite only playing three first grade games, Callinan was selected for Canterbury in their major semi-final against St. George which Canterbury would lose 17–6 with Callinan scoring a try.",
"The following week, Callinan starred in Canterbury's 26–0 victory over arch-rivals Parramatta scoring two tries.",
"Callinan would be retained on the wing for the 1985 NSWRL grand final against St. George which Canterbury would win 7-6 claiming their 5th premiership.",
"The following season, Callinan only played six matches for Canterbury and was released at the end of the season."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"QUAA men's ice hockey tournament"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Quebec Universities Athletic Association ice hockey tournament''' was an annual conference championship held between member teams."
],
[
"History",
"After the realignment of the Quebec–Ontario Athletic Association, Ontario Intercollegiate Athletic Association and Ottawa-St. Lawrence Conference in 1971, the Quebec Universities Athletic Association was born.",
"The league began with 8 teams and, despite the name, one was located in Ontario (Royal Military College).",
"The inaugural postseason tournament included four teams with all games being single-elimination.",
"The league began to contract almost immediately when Montreal suspended play after just one season.",
"RMC left after the second year and, although they were replace by Macdonald, that reprieve lasted for just one year.",
"The conference briefly included a quarterfinal round but, with both Macdonald and Sherbrooke leaving after 1974, the conference abandoned that format.",
"One year later, Loyola and Sir George Williams merged, leaving the QUAA with four members schools.Before the start of the 1975–76 season, Laval restarted its program, bringing the league back up to five teams.",
"At this point, the league shifted their postseason format so that all rounds were best-of-three.",
"One year later, the conference appeared to have stabilized when they added Quebec–Chicoutimi.",
"After being penalized for using an ineligible player in 1977, Laval suspended play for a full year before returning.",
"In their absence, the conference expanded the final series into a best-of-five format.",
"The addition of Ottawa in 1979 brought the conference nearly back to what they had at the start but the gains were short-lived.In 1982, Bishop's suspended its program and Laval followed suit a year later.",
"While the conference was barely holding together at this point, the playoffs were still expanded to be best-of-five for all series, though that format lasted for one tournament.",
"After Quebec–Chicoutimi suspended its program in 1986, the conference lasted just one more year before all existing members were absorbed into the Ontario University Athletic Association.",
"The final championship for the conference was a best-of-seven series."
],
[
"Tournaments",
"===1972===SeedSchoolStandingsSeedSchoolStandings 1 Loyola 16–2–3 5 Montreal 11–5–3 2 Sir George Williams 13–6–2 6 Quebec–Trois-Rivières 7–10–4 3 Sherbrooke 12–6–3 7 Royal Military College 4–15–2 4 Bishop's 11–8–2 8 McGill 1–20–0Note: * denotes overtime period(s)===1973===SeedSchoolStandingsSeedSchoolStandings 1 Sir George Williams 17–4–3 5 Royal Military College 9–12–3 2 Loyola 15–8–1 6 McGill 7–15–2 3 Bishop's 14–9–1 7 Quebec–Trois-Rivières 2–19–3 4 Sherbrooke 12–9–3Note: * denotes overtime period(s)===1974===SeedSchoolStandingsSeedSchoolStandings T–1 Quebec–Trois-Rivières 14–2–2 5 McGill 6–10–2 T–1 Loyola 14–2–2 6 Bishop's 4–11–3 3 Sir George Williams 10–4–4 7 Macdonald 0–16–2 4 Sherbrooke 6–9–3Note: * denotes overtime period(s)===1975===SeedSchoolStandings 1 Loyola 16–2–2 2 Quebec–Trois-Rivières 13–3–4 3 Sir George Williams 8–9–3 4 McGill 7–11–2 5 Bishop's 0–19–1Note: * denotes overtime period(s)===1976===SeedSchoolStandings 1 Concordia 19–0–1 2 Quebec–Trois-Rivières 10–9–1 3 Laval 8–11–1 4 Bishop's 6–12–2 5 McGill 3–14–3Note: * denotes overtime period(s)===1977===SeedSchoolStandingsSeedSchoolStandings 1 Concordia 17–2–1 4 Bishop's 7–12–1 2 Quebec–Trois-Rivières 16–2–2 T–5 McGill 3–13–4 3 Laval 6–10–4 T–5 Quebec–Chicoutimi 3–13–4Note: Laval was barred from postseason play for using an ineligible player.Note: * denotes overtime period(s)===1978===SeedSchoolStandings 1 Concordia 12–4–0 2 Quebec–Trois-Rivières 11–4–1 3 McGill 9–5–2 4 Bishop's 4–12–0 5 Quebec–Chicoutimi 2–13–1Note: * denotes overtime period(s)===1979===SeedSchoolStandingsSeedSchoolStandings 1 Concordia 18–2–0 4 McGill 9–9–2 T–2 Quebec–Chicoutimi 11–6–3 5 Quebec–Trois-Rivières 4–15–1 T–2 Laval 11–6–3 6 Bishop's 2–17–1Note: * denotes overtime period(s)===1980===SeedSchoolStandingsSeedSchoolStandings 1 Quebec–Trois-Rivières 15–4–5 5 Quebec–Chicoutimi 8–10–6 2 Concordia 15–6–2 6 Laval 6–13–5 3 Ottawa 14–7–1 7 McGill 3–21–0 4 Bishop's 11–11–1Note: * denotes overtime period(s)===1981===SeedSchoolStandingsSeedSchoolStandings 1 Concordia 22–1–1 5 McGill 5–15–4 2 Ottawa 15–7–2 6 Quebec–Chicoutimi 5–17–2 3 Laval 15–9–0 7 Bishop's 3–19–2 4 Quebec–Trois-Rivières 13–10–1Note: * denotes overtime period(s)===1982===SeedSchoolStandingsSeedSchoolStandings 1 Concordia 21–2–1 5 McGill 9–15–0 2 Quebec–Trois-Rivières 16–8–0 6 Bishop's 5–14–5 3 Ottawa 13–9–2 7 Quebec–Chicoutimi 3–20–1 4 Laval 11–10–3Note: * denotes overtime period(s)===1983===SeedSchoolStandingsSeedSchoolStandings 1 Concordia 23–7–0 4 Quebec–Trois-Rivières 11–18–1 2 Laval 16–12–0 T–5 McGill 11–19–0 3 Quebec–Chicoutimi 16–13–1 T–5 Ottawa 10–18–2Note: * denotes overtime period(s)===1984===SeedSchoolStandings 1 Concordia 17–4–3 2 McGill 9–10–5 3 Ottawa 9–10–5 4 Quebec–Chicoutimi 8–12–4 5 Quebec–Trois-Rivières 8–15–1Note: * denotes overtime period(s)===1985===SeedSchoolStandings 1 Quebec–Chicoutimi 14–3–3 2 Ottawa 10–8–2 3 Quebec–Trois-Rivières 8–10–2 4 McGill 8–10–1 5 Concordia 4–13–2Note: * denotes overtime period(s)===1986===SeedSchoolStandings 1 Quebec–Trois-Rivières 15–5–0 2 Ottawa 11–9–0 3 McGill 9–10–1 4 Concordia 7–12–1 5 Quebec–Chicoutimi 7–13–0Note: * denotes overtime period(s)===1987===SeedSchoolStandings 1 Quebec–Trois-Rivières 14–2–2 2 Ottawa 13–4–1 3 McGill 4–12–2 4 Concordia 2–15–1Note: * denotes overtime period(s)"
],
[
"Championships",
"SchoolChampionships '''''' '''9''' '''''' '''2''' '''''' '''2''' '''''' '''2''' '''''' '''1'''"
],
[
"See also",
"*QOAA men's ice hockey tournament*OSLC men's ice hockey tournament*OUAA men's ice hockey tournament*OUA men's ice hockey tournament"
],
[
"References",
" Men's Hockey Champions"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Operation Martyr Helmet Dêraluk"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Operation Martyr Helmet Dêraluk''' (Kurdish: Operasyona Şehîd Helmet Dêralûk) was an operation carried out by HPG and YJA-STAR on 12–13 January 2024.In which they ambushed Turkish Armed Forces positions in the mountains of Zap,Iraqi Kurdistan."
],
[
"Background",
"The deadly clashes came amongst increased tensions between PKK and Turkish Armed Forces in the mountains of Iraqi Kurdistan.",
"It was claimed by the HPG that these clashes were a response to \"Increased Turkish occupation\"."
],
[
"Incident",
"On 12 January at 17:10, the HPG led an ambush on Turkish positions in the mountains.",
"The HPG claimed to have killed 61 Turkish soldiers and wounded 4 others, along with destroying or confiscating many pieces of Turkish equipment and firearms.",
"Shortly after, on 13 January at 12:00, more Turkish soldiers were targeted and 1 Turkish position was hit.",
"This attack was carried out by YJA-STAR."
],
[
"Aftermath",
"After the attacks, the PKK published a seventy-minute video on their social platforms of the operation carried out in the Zap Area."
],
[
"References",
"__FORCETOC__"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Day of the Drongo"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Day of the Drongo''''' was a 1964 British television play based on script by Bruce Stewart and directed by Eric Tayler.One review called it \"tiresome, naive, straining after comedy.\""
],
[
"Premise",
"It tells the story of Bluey, the show-struck barman of a lonely sheep station in the town of Munjurra.",
"Two showmen come to town and Blue sees a chance of fulfilling a life-long ambition.",
"He risks his life savings promoting a burlesque show."
],
[
"Cast",
"* John Meillon as Bluey* Madge Ryan as Mercy Greely* Derek Francis as Goldie Fairchild* Monica Maughan as Rita* Ed Devereaux as Digger Davis* John Tate as Larkin* Bernard Shine as Ned* Bruce Beeby as Jack* Jerold Wells as Father Foley* Gwenda Wilson as Nora Moody* Douglas Cummings as Matt Moody* Paddy Frost as Sue* Frances Dunn as Jayne* Laura Carle as Hazel* Christina Artemis as Chorus Girl* Roslyn De Winter as Chorus Girl* Sandra Scriven as Chorus Girl* Walter Sparrow as Trog* John Morris as Johnny Driver* Roy Patrick as Triper"
],
[
"Production",
"It aired as part of the First Night anthology.",
"It was Bruce Stewart's first play for the BBC."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Day of the Drongo at Genome BBC"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Raajadhani Files"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Raajadhani Files...Okey Okkadi Aham''''' is a 2024 Indian Telugu-language political thriller film written and directed by Bhanu Shankar and Produced by Ravi Shankar Kantamanenie.",
"The film stars Akilan Pushparaj (in his Telugu debut), Vishal Patni, Vinod Kumar Alva, and Vani Viswanath in pivotal roles.",
"It was released amid protests on 15 February 2024 to mixed reviews."
],
[
"Premise",
"The film is set against the backdrop of 2019–2024 Amaravati protests by farmers against the Andhra Pradesh Government in 29 villages of Guntur and Krishna districts."
],
[
"Cast"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Externa links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"1719 in Russia"
],
[
"Introduction",
"This is a list of notable events from the year '''1719 in Russia'''."
],
[
"Incumbents",
"* Tsar of all Russia - Peter the Great"
],
[
"Event",
"* Battle of Ösel Island* Russian Pillage of 1719–21"
],
[
"Birth",
"* Ivan Ivanovich Belsky, Russian painter* Julia von Mengden, Russian noble"
],
[
"Death",
"* Peter Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia* Tikhon Streshnev, Russian noble* Boris Sheremetev, Russian noble* Mary Hamilton, Russian lady-in-waiting"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"I giardini di marzo"
],
[
"Introduction",
" \"'''I giardini di marzo'''\" () is a 1972 song composed by Lucio Battisti (music) and Mogol (lyrics), arranged by Gian Piero Reverberi and performed by Lucio Battisti.",
"The song is build in a crescendo, with minimalist music and a trembling, whispering voice at the start, followed by a gradual melodic and orchestral overture, a structure which reflects the lyrics, which initially feature a dark portrait of depression which progressively opens up to hope.Battisti recorded the song in French \"Les jardins de septembre\" and in German as \"Gärten im März\".",
"Artists who covered the song include Mina, Vicky Leandros, Ligabue, Richard Clayderman, Eugenio Finardi, Formula 3, Vasilis Papakonstantinou."
],
[
"Track listing",
" ==Charts== + Initial chart performance for \"I giardini di marzo\" Chart (1972) Peakposition Italy (''Discografia internazionale'') 1 Italy (''Musica e dischi'') 1+ 2019 chart performance for \"I giardini di marzo\" Chart (2019) Peakposition==Certifications=="
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Devin Carter"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Devin Carter''' (born March 18, 2002) is an American college basketball player for the Providence Friars of the Big East Conference."
],
[
"Early life and high school",
"Carter intially attended Cherry Creek High School in Greenwood Village, Colorado before transferring to Doral Academy Preparatory School in Doral, Florida after his freshman year when his family relocated to Florida following his father, Anthony Carter, being hired as a player development coach for the Miami Heat.",
"Carter's senior season was cut short due to a shoulder injury and he opted to enroll at Brewster Academy in Wolfeboro, New Hampshire for a postgraduate year.",
"Carter was rated a three-star recruit and committed to play college basketball at South Carolina during his senior year at Doral Academy."
],
[
"College career",
"Carter began his college career at South Carolina.",
"He played in 30 games during his freshman season and averaged 9.0 points and 3.8 rebounds per game.",
"Following the end of the season, Carter entered the NCAA transfer portal.Carter transferred to Providence.",
"He averaged 13.0 points and 4.9 rebounds in his first season with the Friars."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* South Carolina Gamecocks bio* Providence Friars bio"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Moonfall (radio play)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Moonfall''''' was a 1959 British radio play by Bruce Stewart about an American rocket trip to the moon, that leaves from Australia.",
"It was an early science fiction work from Stewart who developed a strong reputation in that field in television.",
"Like many of Stewart's early British work it was set in the Antipodes.The play was performed in New Zealand radio in 1959 and 1961."
],
[
"Cast of 1959 BBC Production",
"*John Hollis as Casey*Frederick Schiller as Dr Bauer*John Cazabon as Lewis*Sheila Grant as Dora*MacDonald Parke as General Race*June Tobin as Gloria*Alexander Gray as Eric Wilson*Jane Jordan Rogers as Linda Everet*Hugh Manning as Dr John Fanshawe*Stuart Nichol as Dr Oakie*Ronald Wilson as Dr Peter Hartley"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Moonfall at Genome"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Société française de numismatique"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Société française de numismatique''' (English: '''French Numismatic Society''') is a French learned society working in the field of numismatics.",
"It is a member of the International Numismatic Council."
],
[
"History",
"From the beginning of the Renaissance, princes and humanists were interested in ancient numismatics, and built up coin collections in their cabinet of curiosities.",
"The Cabinet de Louis XIV, first set up in Versailles and then in Paris, is at the origin of the present-day Département des Monnaies, Médailles et Antiques of the Bibliothèque nationale de France.",
"From the 19th century onwards, this interest extended to national coins, and saw the development of a milieu of enlightened enthusiasts eager to discuss and communicate their discoveries.",
"The was founded in 1836 by two members of the \"Société royale des antiquaires de France et de plusieurs autres Sociétés archéologiques françoises et étrangères\".",
"Today, the ''Revue'' is the property of the Société française de numismatique, and its creation can be considered the first act in its history.The project of a learned society dedicated solely to numismatics had been formed in the first year of the ''Revue''.",
"It was founded in 1865 under the name \"Société française de numismatique et d'archéologie\" (French Society of Numismatics and Archaeology) by Ernest Gariel, Ernest Lecomte, Abbé Marchant, Jules Roman, and , who became its first president.",
"The society initially operated like a club, meeting four times a month in its premises, which included a library and a small collection of coins, near Boulevard Saint-Germain.",
"The number of members quickly grew, reaching 650 in 1869, before experiencing a period of crisis between 1860 and 1880 characterized by a decline in membership and financial difficulties.From the mid-1880s onwards, a closer collaboration with the Cabinet des Médailles and a revival in publications (the 3rd series of the ''Revue Numismatique'') helped to overcome these difficulties.",
"In 1897, the Society adopted new statutes and became the Société française de Numismatique, developing its links with foreign societies, as well as with the Sorbonne and the Monnaie de Paris.",
"In 1924, the Society was recognized as a public utility.",
"Between 1934 and 1939, it awarded foreign numismatists a vermeil medal.Although its activities were interrupted by the war, a provisional office was reconstituted in 1941, and in 1945 the Society moved definitively to the Cabinet des Médailles (now the Département des Monnaies, Médailles et Antiques) of the Bibliothèque nationale de France.",
"The same year saw the publication of the ''Bulletin de la Société'', which reports on the work presented at the monthly meetings and on current events.",
"In 1958, the Société became the owner of the ''Revue numismatique'', and in 1982 began publishing the ''Trésors antiques de la France'' (TAF).",
"Since 1969, it has awarded a vermeil token to foreign numismatists.The meetings take place in the Émilie du Châtelet room (formerly the Commission room) of the National Library of France, bringing together collectors, professional numismatists, curators of public collections, CNRS researchers, academics, and others sharing the same field of interest.",
"All major French numismatists have been or are members of the Society, and often have served on its board.",
"Since 1956, Numismatic Days have also been organized, held annually alongside a provincial society and its collections."
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* \"Revue Numismatique\".",
"Persée digital database.",
"(in French).",
"* Bulletin de la Société française de Numismatique (English: Bulletin of the French Numismatic Society)* Le Rider, Georges; Mazard, Jean; Yvon, Jacques; Prieur, Pierre (1965).",
"\"La Société française de numismatique: 1865–1963\".",
"''Revue Numismatique''.",
"'''6''' (7): 15–29.doi:10.3406/numi.1965.919.ISSN 0484-8942.",
"* Lafaurie, Jean (1986).",
"\"La Revue numismatique a 150 ans\".",
"''Revue Numismatique''.",
"'''6''' (28): 7–50.doi:10.3406/numi.1986.1883."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Official site* French numismatic society"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Sehoy III"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Grave of Sehoy III'''Sehoy III''', also called '''Sehoy Weatherford''' (c. 1750 – c. 1815) was a Muscogee Creek trader who was part of the Sehoy matrilineage.",
"Through her two marriages to white traders she was the mother of sons who were involved in the Creek War and the Red Sticks."
],
[
"Early life and family",
"She was born around 1750 to Sehoy II, a Muscogee Wind Clan woman, and her husband Malcolm McPherson, a Scottish trader.",
"(Other family tradition makes Sehoy III’s father a Tuckabatchee chieftain).",
"Her siblings were Elizabeth and Malcolm McPherson II; she also had half-siblings, Sophia Durant, Alexander McGillivray, and Jeanette Milfort Crook, from Sehoy II’s marriage to Lachlan McGillivray.When she was about eight years old, Sehoy III moved into the household of Alexander’s advisor and eventual father-in-law, the Dutch trader Jacob Moniac, and his wife Polly.",
"When she was about fifteen Sehoy III and Jacob had a daughter, Hannah."
],
[
"David Taitt",
"In about 1776 in Little Tallassee, Sehoy III married David Taitt, a Scottish surveyor and mapmaker who was Deputy Superintendent of Indian Affairs to the Creek Nation at the time.",
"Taitt was a colleague of Sehoy's half-brother Alexander McGillivray, who foiled a Creek plot to assassinate him in 1777.He and Sehoy had two children, Davy (b.",
"1778) and Eloise, who spelled their surname Tate.",
"Davy was mostly raised by Alexander McGillivray’s family from the age of twelve, and was later involved with the Creek War.",
"David Taitt left Little Tallassee in 1778 due to the request of his superintendent and the danger posed to him by factional fighting there, and does not appear to have maintained contact with Sehoy III and their children."
],
[
"Charles Weatherford",
"In 1779/80, Sehoy III met and married Charles Weatherford, a trader from Virginia who had come to Coosada to seek refuge from Revolutionary War fighting.",
"Their children were William (b.",
"1781) and Elizabeth, who married a pair of siblings from the Moniac family.",
"Charles Weatherford established a plantation downstream from Sehoy’s residence at Coosada, where he trafficked in stolen horses.",
"He spent twelve months imprisoned for debt in 1787–8, during which time Alexander McGillivray petitioned the Spanish officials for his release on the grounds of the distress of Sehoy and their children.",
"In 1798 he narrowly escaped being exiled by a council of Creek elders for being a ‘meddler.’In 1799, Sehoy III claimed her brother Malcolm II’s property when he died according to Creek law.",
"Charles had moved to a smaller residence downstream and Sehoy, defending her matrilineal wealth from him, ran a trading establishment and lived ‘in some taste, but expensively.’ Hawkins reports that she owned thirty black slaves.",
"Charles eventually left for the Bahamas.Sehoy III died about 1813, at which time her son William Weatherford was emerging as a leader in the Red Sticks.== References =="
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Alvania minuta"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Alvania minuta''''' is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae."
],
[
"Taxonomy",
"''Alvania minuta'' (Golikov & Fedjakov, 1987) is a homonym and has become a synonym of ''Pusillina tumidula'' (G. O. Sars, 1878)."
],
[
"Description",
"The length of the shell attains 1.5 mm, its diameter 0.9 mm.",
"(Original description) The minute shell is oval, clathrate and imperforate.",
"The protoconch consists of 2 globose glossy whorls.",
"The nucleus is minute, rapidly enlarging.",
"The teleoconch contains about 2 whorls, indistinctly shouldered just below the suture, then flatly convex.",
"The body whorl is bluntly angled, its base almost flat.",
"The axial sculpture commences first, consisting of strong bluntly-rounded ribs, sloping forwards and reaching from suture to suture, the interstices narrower; they number about 19, and cease just below line of suture on the body whorl.",
"The axials are crossed by much weaker spirals, indistinct on early whorls, 4 on penultimate whorl, broad and flatly rounded (interstices sublinear) and cutting up axials into blunt laterally-elongate tubercles.",
"A fifth spiral emerges from the suture-line on to base and is slightly crenulated by ends of axials.",
"Below this are 2 smooth and much fainter ribs, the rest of base smooth.The spire is a little higher than the aperture.",
"The suture is much impressed.",
"The aperture is slightly oblique, sub-ovate, angled above, effuse below.",
"The peristome is discontinuous.",
"The outer lip is thin, but does not appear to be finished.",
"The arcuate columella is slightly oblique."
],
[
"Distribution",
"Fossils of this marine species were found in Tertiary strata in New Zealand"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Hotat Khalid"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Hotat Khalid''' () was a settlement in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located north of Duhairah and south of al-Murabba.",
"It was named after King Khalid bin Abdulaziz, who was allotted several acres of land in the area by his father, King Abdulaziz ibn Saud.",
"It was a residential area inhabited by many prominent figures of that time, like Hafiz Wahba, Hussein Oweini and John Philby and today lies in the north of ad-Dirah neighborhood in the city's downtown.",
"The Khaldia Towers was built in 1983 on the grounds of King Khalid's palace ruins."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Joonas Rantanen"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Joonas Rantanen''' (born 27 July 1987) is a Finnish football manager, currently working as a manager of Veikkausliiga club Ilves.",
"Rantanen has a UEFA Pro -coaching license."
],
[
"Coaching career",
"Rantanen started as a sports coordinator for youth teams in HJK organisation in 2009.He worked for HJK in various positions until 2015, when he had a brief study leave.During 2016–2019, Rantanen worked as a head coach of HJK women's team competing in Naisten Liiga, leading the team to win Finnish championship title in 2019, and Finnish Women's Cup in 2017 and 2019.He was named the head coach of Klubi 04, the reserve team of HJK, for the 2020 season, winning the Kakkonen Group B and gaining a promotion to Ykkönen.",
"Rantanen worked as an assistant coach in Toni Koskela's coaching staff in HJK first team for the 2021 Veikkausliiga season.During 2022–2023, Rantanen worked as a head coach of IF Gnistan in the second-tier Ykkönen, leading the team to Veikkausliiga promotion play-offs at the end of the 2023 season, eventually losing to IFK Mariehamn.",
"However, Gnistan were later granted the Veikkausliiga license and promoted via supplemental process, after FC Honka was declared for bankruptcy.Rantanen was appointed as the manager of Veikkausliiga club Ilves on a two-year deal, starting in 2024."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Rantanen has graduated as a Master of Education (MEd)."
],
[
"Managerial honours",
"===HJK women===*Naisten Liiga: 2019*Finnish Women's Cup: 2017, 2019===Klubi 04===*Kakkonen, Group B: 2020===IF Gnistan===*Ykkönen: 2023 Runners-up"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Ramsdale Shooting Range"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Ramsdale''' (or '''Rams Dale''') '''Shooting Range''' is a shooting range located in Orphir in the Orkney Islands, Scotland.",
"Ramsdale is owned by the Ministry of Defence, and is most commonly used by the Orkney Clay Pigeon Club, who have been based there since 2013.Ramsdale Shooting Range is also used occasionally for rifle training by the Army Reserves in Orkney and Shetland."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Computergram International"
],
[
"Introduction",
"''Computergram International'', Issue No.",
"820, 27 November 1987'''Computergram International''' was a daily, pre-Internet newsletter covering enterprise information technology, published in London by APT Data Services from 1984.It eventually merged into the electronic ComputerWire service, and is now owned by ''Tech Monitor'', one of the specialist titles within the New Statesman Media Group."
],
[
"APT Data Services",
"APT Data Services was founded in London by Peter White (publisher) and Tim Palmer (editor) in 1984.Peter White was previously the editor of ''Datalink Magazine'' from 1978.Palmer had worked as an engineer at GEC before changing course and starting his publishing career as a journalist on ''Computer Weekly''.",
"He then moved to the UK division of Dutch publishing company VNU and its then weekly title ''Infomatics''.",
"It was Palmer who persuaded VNU to launch an ''Infomatics'' spin-off title, ''Infomatics Daily Bulletin'', in 1980.Four years later White and Palmer formed their own company to publish a rival daily, ''Computergram International'', five days a week.",
"Subscriptions were priced at £450 per year.",
"The first issue, published on 13 August 1984, included a report detailing the forthcoming launch of the IBM PC AT on the following day.",
"Among the subscribers was Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates, who was heard to describe the publication as “that little yellow sheet”.",
"The four (sometimes six) page newsletter was published, printed and mailed from APT's London offices on the top floor of 12 Sutton Row in Soho.",
"It was also available on early electronic public access databases such as Micronet 800, Prestel and Telecom Gold, and then via the World Wide Web from the early 1990s.APT Data subsequently launched a series of other IT titles, including the weekly ''Unigram.x'' newsletter (covering the rise of the Unix operating system), and the monthly ''Computer Business Review'', ''Software Futures'' and ''Unix News'' magazines.",
"By 1997 the company name and website had changed from APT to ComputerWire.",
"The last paper copy of ''Computergram International'' was printed in April 1998, though the electronic service continued well into the 2000s.",
"A core team of APT editors left the company at the end of 1999 to form the IT industry analyst firm The 451 Group."
],
[
"Sale to Datamonitor",
"Tim Palmer died in 1997.APT Data Services was finally sold off to its primary investor and advisor, Interregnum, for just £44,000 (€68,900) in June 2002, and then passed on to Datamonitor, which agreed to absorb the £1.02m in debt.",
"The daily service was merged into ''Computer Business Review'', which was re-branded as ''Tech Monitor'' in 2021.",
"''Tech Monitor '' is now part of the New Statesman Media Group (owned by Mike Danson, as Datamonitor was before its sale to Informa in 2007).In 2003 Peter White launched an industry analyst company, Rethink Technology Research.",
"He died in September 2023."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Ndola Central Hospital"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Ndola Central Hospital''', also known as '''Ndola Teaching Hospital''', is a third level public tertiary referral hospital in Ndola, Zambia.",
"The hospital has over 800 beds and was named after the district in which it is located.",
"The Hospital is operated and managed by the Ministry of Health of Zambia, with funding from the Government of the Republic of Zambia."
],
[
"Location",
"The hospital is located in the city of Ndola in Copperbelt Province.",
"The facility has nearly 706 medical and trained administrative personnel, with more than 200 nurses.",
"The hospital serves as a Provincial hospital with 3rd level services in Copperbelt Province ."
],
[
"Overview",
"As a public hospital, it serves as the main referral hospital for Ndola District and provides health services to the local community.",
"It has several ranges of health care services including inpatient and outpatient, as well as emergency care."
],
[
"See also",
"* List of hospitals in Zambia"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Kitwe Central Hospital"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Kitwe Central Hospital''', also known as '''Kitwe Teaching Hospital''', is third level public tertiary referral hospital in Kitwe, Zambia.",
"The hospital has 630 beds.",
"The facility was opened in 1958.Kitwe Central Hospital (KCH) in the Copperbelt Province is one of three teaching hospitals in Zambia."
],
[
"Location",
"The hospital is located along Kuomboka Drive at Plot No.",
"2831 in Parklands in the City of Kitwe in the Copperbelt Province.",
"It started in 1958 as Llewlyn Hospital, named after Lord Llewelyn, one of the Governors in Northern Rhodesia.",
"It was changed to Kitwe Central Hospital in 1964 following independence.",
"It is the third level referral hospital serving the second largest populated city in Zambia.",
"It has 664 bed capacity and with daily patient traffic of up to 1,300.Kitwe Central Hospital has a length of 2.29 kilometers.",
"The facility has approximately 500 medical and trained administrative personnel.",
"The hospital serves as a Provincial hospital with 3rd level services in Kitwe District."
],
[
"Overview",
"As with all public hospitals, it serves as the main referral hospital for Kitwe District.",
"It also provides health services to the local community."
],
[
"See also",
"* List of hospitals in Zambia"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Aisling (book series)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''''Aisling''''', (sometimes referred to as '''OMGWACA''') series of novels are 5 adult fiction books by Irish journalists and authors Emer McLysaght and Sarah Breen.",
"The series began with ''Oh My God, What a Complete Aisling The Novel'', based on a '''Aisling''' (or '''Ais''') character archetype created by the authors and discussed in the \"oh my god what a complete aisling\" facebook group.",
"To date there are five books in the series.",
"They are published by Gill Books and Penguin Books.",
"The series was optioned as a film before being worked into a yet-to-be-produced TV series."
],
[
"Novel series",
" Series no.",
"Title ISBN Date of publication Summary 1 ''Oh My God, What a Complete Aisling The Novel'' (OMGWACA) August 2017 Dublin-resident, not-a-culchie Aisling starts to worry her long-term boyfriend John is never going to propose to her.",
"So she decides to make some changes in her life.",
"2 ''The Importance of Being Aisling'' September 2018 Things with John are beginning to settle, but changes in Aisling's life mean a return home to the country.",
"3 ''Once, Twice, Three Times and Aisling'' September 2019 Local businesswoman, Aisling, now single, turns thirty.",
"Her best friend Majella's hen party needs to be planned.",
"4 ''Aisling and the City'' October 2021 Successful café owner Aisling heads to New York to explore opportunities.",
"But the call to home is strong.",
"5 ''Aisling Ever After'' August 2023 Still in the Big Apple, Aisling reconnects with John her ex-boyfriend, but is torn between her new life, old loves, and the hope of finding her own happy ever after."
],
[
"Aisling",
"Aisling began as a stock character type, a \"culchie\" from \"Ballygobackwards\" (BGB), up in the \"big smoke\" Dublin.",
"Other stock characters, Mad Tom Deddeh, Memmeh, Niamh and Fionn, all from \"Across The Road\" (FATR) were used by users in posts to describe Aisling's life and eccentricities.About Aisling, Sarra Manning, of Red Online, wrote that readers \"laugh with her, never at her ... admiring her for the same traits that we don't necessarily value in ourselves.",
"We love her because she's a complete Aisling and we wouldn't have her any other way."
],
[
"Reception",
"Actress Tara Flynn, writing for The Irish Times, thought that it would have been easy to make a book of lists about the characters, but that the first novel gave \"Aisling the flesh and bones she deserves, and a story that licks along at a pace\".",
"Flynn hoped for a movie adaptation, and suggested she might portray Memmeh.",
"Síle Ní Choincheannain, of Mary I College has described the series as having \"deftly captured a unique Irish archetype and modern heroine\".TheJournal.ie described the first book as a \"publishing phenomenon\"."
],
[
"Awards",
"''The Importance of being Aisling'' won the 2018 \"Popular Irish Fiction\" category at the Irish Book Awards, with ''Once, Twice, Three Times an Aisling'' winning the same prize in 2019, and ''Aisling in the City'' in 2021."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* oh my god what a complete Aisling facebook group"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships''' were held from February 15 to 18, 2024, at the Olympic Oval in Calgary, Canada."
],
[
"Schedule",
"''All times are local (UTC−7).''",
"Date Time EventsFebruary 15 12:30 3000 m women 13:41 5000 m men 15:27 Team sprint women 15:44 Team sprint menFebruary 16 12:30 Team pursuit women 12:55 Team pursuit men 13:37 500 m men 14:16 500 m womenFebruary 17 12:30 Mass start semifinals women 13:18 Mass start semifinals men 14:03 1000 m women 14:48 1000 m men 15:44 Mass start final women 16:05 Mass start final menFebruary 18 12:00 5000 m women 13:07 10,000 m men 15:08 1500 m women 16:03 1500 m men"
],
[
"Medal summary",
"===Medal table======Men's events=== 500 m 33.69 33.95 34.11 1000 m 1:06.05 1:06.53 1:06.80 1500 m 1:41.44 1:42.661 1:42.667 5000 m 6:07.28 6:08.61 6:09.00 10000 m 12:38.82 12:47.01 12:48.61 Team sprint Anders JohnsonLaurent DubreuilAntoine Gélinas-Beaulieu 1:17.173 Janno BotmanJenning de BooTim Prins 1:17.175 Henrik Fagerli RukkeBjørn MagnussenHåvard Holmefjord Lorentzen 1:17.31 Team pursuit Davide GhiottoAndrea GiovanniniMichele Malfatti 3:35.00 Sander EitremPeder KongshaugSverre Lunde Pedersen 3:36.07 Antoine Gélinas-BeaulieuConnor HoweHayden Mayeur 3:36.72 Mass start 63 pts 40 pts 20 pts===Women's events=== 500 m 36.83 37.19 37.21 1000 m 1:12.83 1:13.27 1:13.28 1500 m 1:52.29 1:52.72 1:52.91 3000 m 3:57.10 3:58.01 3:58.33 5000 m 6:47.72 6:48.98 6:51.88 Team sprint Carolina HillerMaddison PearmanIvanie Blondin 1:25.14 Sarah WarrenErin JacksonBrittany Bowe 1:26.04 Andżelika WójcikIga WojtasikKarolina Bosiek 1:26.63 Team pursuit Joy BeuneMarijke GroenewoudIrene Schouten 2:51.20 Ivanie BlondinValérie MaltaisIsabelle Weidemann 2:54.03 Momoka HorikawaAyano SatoMiho Takagi 2:54.89 Mass start 60 pts 42 pts 21 pts"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Official website* ISU website"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Armed struggle against the Brazilian military dictatorship"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''armed struggle against the Brazilian military dictatorship''' involved several actions promoted by different left-wing groups between 1968 and 1972, the most severe phase of the regime.",
"Despite its resistance aspect, the majority of the groups that participated in the armed struggle aimed to achieve a socialist revolution in Brazil, inspired by the Chinese and Cuban revolutions.",
"Although some actions were held between 1965 and 1967, the confrontation deepened after the proclamation of Institutional Act Number Five (AI-5) in 1968.Many groups joined the armed struggle, including the National Liberation Action (Portuguese: ''Ação Libertadora Nacional'' - ALN), the National Liberation Command (''Comando de Libertação Nacional'' - COLINA), the 8th October Revolutionary Movement (''Movimento Revolucionário 8 de Outubro'' - MR-8), the Communist Party of Brazil (''Partido Comunista do Brasil'' - PCdoB), the Popular Revolutionary Vanguard (''Vanguarda Popular Revolucionária'' - VPR) and the Palmares Armed Revolutionary Vanguard (''Vanguarda Armada Revolucionária Palmares'' - VAR-Palmares).The revolutionary organizations aimed to start rural guerrilla warfare, but were notable for their urban actions.",
"Considered acts of armed propaganda for the revolution, the operations helped raise funds to unleash guerrilla warfare in the countryside and sustain the clandestine infrastructure of the organizations.",
"The urban guerrillas, classified as terrorism by the dictatorial government and the Brazilian press, initially surprised the state's repressive apparatus, which quickly perfected and professionalized its combat against the rebels.",
"The military high command established a police and bureaucratic apparatus based on espionage, intelligence gathering and operations aimed at capturing and interrogating political opponents of the regime through the systematic use of torture.Despite their initial success, the revolutionary organizations faced social isolation, which worsened after the repression and disinformation campaign perpetrated by some sectors of the dictatorship.",
"Paramilitaries linked to federal government authorities carried out false flag operations against civilians and the military with the aim of eroding popular support for the rebels and justifying the deepening of authoritarianism.",
"The armed actions in the cities were short-lived.",
"Among all the organizations involved in the armed struggle, only PCdoB managed to effectively promote rural guerrilla warfare.",
"The dismantling of the Araguaia guerrillas in 1974 marked the total collapse of the armed struggle in Brazil at the cost of hundreds of deaths, exiles and disappearances during the dictatorship."
],
[
"Background",
"=== PCB hegemony ===Until 1964, the Brazilian Communist Party (''Partido Comunista Brasileiro -'' PCB) was the hegemonic force on the political left in Brazil.",
"Although it was illegal, it experienced its peak during the democratic period from 1945 to 1964.At the time, the party had many members and its ideas influenced the political and trade union struggle and part of the intellectual elite.",
"The PCB's program was reformist, as it intended to achieve a bourgeois revolution in Brazil.",
"The communists considered that Brazilian society still had feudal characteristics in the countryside, which prevented the development of capitalist productive forces.According to the PCB's assessment, the feudal sectors had the support of foreign imperialists, who had no interest in the autonomous development of the Brazilian economy.",
"The communists proposed an alliance with the national bourgeoisie and other progressive sectors of society in order to implement a bourgeois-democratic revolution.",
"Their program had many similar points to the proposals defended by the Brazilian Labour Party (''Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro -'' PTB), headed by then-president João Goulart.",
"At the time, both groups were committed to fighting for the implementation of the basic reforms.=== Impact of the Cuban and Chinese revolutions ===The victory of the Cuban Revolution and the proclamation of its socialist identity challenged the ideas of the PCB.",
"Fidel Castro's guerrilla movement attracted the support of a wide range of left-wing, nationalist and anti-imperialist groups and emerged as an alternative for those who opposed the directives of the Soviet Union.",
"Inspired by the revolutionary successes in Cuba, two organizations emerged in opposition to the PCB: Popular Action (''Ação Popular'' - AP) and Revolutionary Marxist Organization Workers' Politics (''Organização Revolucionária Marxista Política Operária'' - POLOP).",
"AP, created in 1962 as an autonomous organization influenced by the student movement, reached the directorate of the National Union of Students (''União Nacional dos Estudantes'' - UNE) and other student organizations during the 1960s.Based on the Catholic University Youth (''Juventude Universitária Católica'' - JUC), the AP defended the creation of a political alternative to capitalism and Soviet communism inspired by Christian humanism and with Castroist influences.",
"POLOP, created in 1961, included elements from several small tendencies that opposed the PCB and were influential in university circles.",
"It challenged the reformism of the PCB and defended the revolutionary armed struggle for socialism.",
"Francisco Julião, leader of the Peasant Leagues (''Ligas Camponesas''), was also influenced by the Cuban Revolution.",
"In 1961, he founded the Tiradentes Revolutionary Movement (''Movimento Revolucionário Tiradentes'' - MRT), which was intended to be the basis of a rural guerrilla movement.",
"The MRT sent militants to conduct guerrilla training on farms throughout Brazil, but a training camp located in Dianópolis, in the state of Goiás, was discovered by the police in November 1962 and the guerrilla project was dismantled before it was actually launched.The Sino-Soviet rupture in 1963 allowed Maoism to be perceived as an alternative to the international communist movement.",
"In 1962, the PCB split, resulting in the formation of the Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB).",
"The new party embraced Maoist China, criticized the reformism of the PCB and defended armed struggle.",
"However, armed conflict was not an immediate or consistent political option for most leftists before 1964.",
"''Foquismo'' and Maoism offered new perspectives for the Brazilian left, since ''Foquismo'' \"adapted\" the revolution to the Latin American reality and Maoism legitimized the revolution in a country with strong rural traditions.=== Military coup of 1964 and fragmentation of leftist groups ===After the 1964 military coup and the defeat of the progressive forces, the traditional left-wing parties and movements collapsed and experienced a process of self-criticism.",
"For many leftist groups, the 1964 defeat confirmed the mistakes of the pacifist and reformist political line adopted by the PCB, which was blamed for the demobilization of the workers and progressive forces at the time of the coup.",
"The PCB leadership did not manage to accept defeat and was unable to conduct a self-criticism of its actions before 1964.Between 1965 and 1968, the university bases broke with the PCB and formed local dissidents (DIs).",
"In the state of Rio de Janeiro, the DI-RJ emerged; in Guanabara, the Communist Dissidence of Guanabara (''Dissidência Comunista da Guanabara'' - DI-GB) (both later called 8 October Revolutionary Movement); in Rio Grande do Sul, the DI-RS; in São Paulo, the University Dissidence of São Paulo (''Dissidência Universitária de São Paulo'' - DISP); and in Minas Gerais, the Revolutionary Movement.",
"There were divisions led by Carlos Marighella, who created the National Liberation Action (ALN), and by leader Mário Alves, who formed the Brazilian Revolutionary Communist Party (''Partido Comunista Brasileiro Revolucionário'' - PCBR).",
"The two organizations took PCB militants with them across Brazil, although the ALN concentrated its strength in São Paulo and the PCBR in Guanabara.",
"It is estimated that by 1968, the PCB had lost at least half of its remaining members, who fled to organizations that proposed immediate armed resistance.The alleged delay in preparing armed resistance to the military regime caused divisions within the PCdoB.",
"Between 1966 and 1967, it lost more than half of its members, who formed the Revolutionary Communist Party (''Partido Comunista Revolucionário'' - PCR) in the Northeast and the Red Wing of the PCdoB (PCdoB-AV or ALA) in the Center-Southeast, which also divided and formed the Tiradentes Revolutionary Movement (''Movimento Revolucionário Tiradentes'' - MRT) in São Paulo and the Marxist Revolutionary Movement (''Movimento Revolucionário Marxista'' - MRM) in Minas Gerais.AP adopted Maoism, which displeased its members and sectors of the organization that opted for a political line closer to ''Foquismo''.",
"Between 1968 and 1969, they joined other revolutionaries to establish the Revolutionary Workers' Party (''Partido Revolucionário dos Trabalhadores'' - PRT).",
"During the armed struggle, there were also militants who left the AP for other guerrilla groups.",
"POLOP also faced splits, which would later give rise to the National Liberation Command (COLINA), in Minas Gerais, and the Communist Workers' Party (''Partido Operário Comunista'' - POC) in Rio Grande do Sul.",
"In São Paulo, a POLOP dissidence merged with a part of the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement (''Movimento Nacionalista Revolucionário'' - MNR) to give rise, in 1968, to the Revolutionary Popular Vanguard (VPR)."
],
[
"Theoretical principles of the revolutionary groups",
"=== Convergences ======= Criticism of the PCB ====The left-wing organizations, although fragmented, shared common theoretical principles: all of them severely criticized the political line and practice adopted by the PCB.",
"They considered that the PCB's analysis of the Brazilian reality was incorrect and resulted in a wrong position in the political struggle.",
"Instead of adopting a peaceful and reformist political line, they argued that armed confrontation was necessary and denied the revolutionary role of the national bourgeoisie.",
"The experimental period before 1964 should be discarded and the mistakes made by the PCB and the reformist political leadership should not be repeated.==== Brazilian reality ====The organizations of the armed left analyzed the Brazilian reality in a similar way.",
"They believed that the Brazilian economy was going through an irreversible process of stagnation and that there would be no alternative to development as long as the country was subject to imperialism, which was secured by the repressive force of the military regime.",
"The central task of the revolutionaries was to overthrow the dictatorship and expel the imperialists, who, together with sectors of the local ruling classes, were preventing the development of productive forces.",
"Based on this perception, historian Daniel Aarão Reis described it as a \"utopia of impasse\": the Brazilian situation already had \"pre-revolutionary\" traits, the government had no historical conditions to offer political and economic alternatives to the country, and the popular masses, disillusioned with the reformist programs, tended to adopt more radical positions and moved towards armed confrontation with the revolutionaries.==== Anti-theoretical stance ====Another important aspect of the armed organizations was their anti-theoretical stance.",
"The revolutionaries believed that the revolution would start with the action itself, and there was no time to waste on theoretical discussions.",
"This attitude represented a reaction to the traditional long debates carried out by the PCB and other left-wing organizations before the coup.",
"According to the revolutionaries, this practice would lead to bureaucratism and political immobilism, which was responsible for the defeat of the leftist groups in 1964.==== Rural guerrilla warfare as a goal ====Even though they operated in the cities, all the armed organizations discussed rural guerrilla warfare.",
"Urban guerrilla warfare was considered a form of armed propaganda and fundraising to start guerrilla warfare in the countryside and maintain the clandestine functioning of the organizations.",
"In the future, the urban guerrillas were expected to have the secondary function of disorganizing the repressive forces, keeping them busy in the cities and preventing them from moving to repress the guerrillas who had started in the countryside.",
"According to the groups' opinion, most of Brazil's population came from rural areas and were subjected to the most backward forms of oppression and exploitation, which would give them a revolutionary feeling.The peasant was seen as the weakest link in the imperialist chain, which is why the revolution had to be initiated through rural guerrilla warfare.",
"In the course of the revolutionary process, the peasant would find his natural ally in the urban worker.",
"However, this analysis denounced the lack of a better understanding of labor relations in the countryside and the economic transformations that Brazil was undergoing, especially regarding the advance of capitalism in rural areas: during the 1960s, the penetration of capitalist labor relations in the countryside led to the transformation of the majority of settlers, partners and residents into \"''boias-frias''\", instead of permanent employees on the farms.",
"This type of work was more convenient for capital appreciation and compatible with other forms of sociability, such as settlement and partnership.=== Divergences ===The main differences involved the character of the Brazilian revolution, the type of organization and the forms of combat to be conducted by the revolutionaries.==== Method of action ====Regarding the characteristics of the Brazilian revolution, the main divergence was between those who defended the PCB's step-by-step thesis and those who defended the immediate socialist character of the revolution.",
"Groups like the ALN and the MNR adopted an analytical scheme similar to that of the PCB, which stated that the first stage of the revolution would be bourgeois-democratic or national liberation, overcoming the obstacles imposed on national development by feudal relations in the countryside and the presence of imperialism in the economy.",
"Unlike the PCB, which implicitly proposed that the revolutionary process be led by the national bourgeoisie, the armed organizations aimed to bring together as many social forces as possible in the revolutionary process of national liberation, but under the leadership of guerrilla groups more identified with the oppressed classes, especially workers and peasants.Groups like the ANL, MNR, PCBR and Red Wing wanted to overthrow the military dictatorship, expel the imperialists and create a revolutionary popular government.",
"Groups like the PRT, POC, VPR, MR-8 and VAR-Palmares, influenced by the theses of POLOP prior to the 1964 coup and the dependency theory, advocated the immediate socialist character of the revolution.",
"According to them, there would be an integration between the national bourgeoisie, the imperialists and the landowners, with capitalism fully constituted in Brazil and with the bourgeoisie established as a ruling class.==== Organization ====Regarding organization, the positions differed on whether or not it was necessary to structure a party along classical Marxist–Leninist lines to carry out the revolution, starting with guerrilla warfare in the countryside and armed actions in the cities.",
"The PCdoB, the Red Wing, the PRT and the POC were among those who advocated a vanguard party to lead the armed struggle, which would be responsible for coordinating the rural guerrillas, the urban armed struggle and the actions of the masses in the cities and countryside, directing the revolutionary process.",
"The ALN, VPR, MNR and COLINA did not consider the party to be essential for the outbreak of the revolution, although they did admit the emergence of a vanguard party at a later stage, as occurred in the Cuban Revolution.",
"Carlos Marighella's ANL was notable for its radical opposition to the classic party structure.Despite these organizational differences, the armed groups generally structured themselves in sectors of urban mass work, rural guerrilla preparation and logistics.",
"Each sector had its representative in the regional leadership, which was often confused with the national leadership.",
"For security reasons, the sectors of the organization were not supposed to know each other, and contacts between the parts of each organization were made through pre-arranged meeting \"points\" in several locations.",
"If a militant was absent from a pre-arranged meeting point, it meant that he had been arrested.",
"Most groups had organized groups of sympathizers who often provided aid to the guerrillas and were seen as possible candidates for militancy.==== ''Foquismo'' versus Maoism ====The forms of combat to be undertaken in the revolutionary process also caused disagreements between the armed groups.",
"The organizations were divided between ''Foquismo'' and Maoism, although some groups adopted hybrid positions between them.",
"''Foquismo'' was based on the assertion that the objective conditions in Latin America were ripe for revolutionary triumph on the continent, imposing itself on secondary national differences.",
"The subjective conditions for the revolution could be created or quickly completed by the action of a guerrilla focus, which would begin with a small group acting among the peasants in regions whose natural conditions favored defense against army attacks.",
"In the second stage, the guerrillas spread out from the initial region, taking the armed struggle to other regions and forming a rebel army capable of defeating the enemy.",
"In the ''Foquismo'', the military factor took precedence over the political factor, given the priority of the guerrilla focus over the party.",
"It inspired armed groups with a more \"militaristic\" tendency, such as the ANL and the VPR, which stood out for the volume of armed actions carried out during the period in which they were active.Both emphasized the peasantry and rural guerrilla warfare, but Maoism stated that the guerrilla army should be under the direction of a vanguard party.",
"The Maoists of the AP and the PCdoB refrained from armed actions in the cities, while the Red Wing took intermediate positions, without ruling out mass struggles in the cities and urban guerrilla actions."
],
[
"Development of the armed struggle",
"=== First actions ===Despite being advocated by a very small group within the Brazilian political left, guerrilla warfare didn't break out until 1964.The purpose of the armed struggle was not the restoration of the pre-coup system, but the realization of a socialist revolution in Brazil.The left-wing nationalist groups, composed mainly of former low-ranking military officers who had been dismissed in 1964 and gathered under the leadership of Leonel Brizola, were the first to launch an armed struggle.",
"They organized the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement (MNR) and sent some of its members to establish contacts with Brizola, who was coordinating the opposition from his exile in Uruguay.",
"Although he agreed with the guerrilla plan, he insisted on the idea of an insurrection in Rio Grande do Sul, convincing the emissaries of the ex-servicemen, who began to conspire for the insurrection and established links with the military.Organizations such as POLOP and AP also participated in the insurrectionary plan, directly or indirectly.",
"In April 1966, the army discovered connections to the project within the barracks, arrested officers and put an end to the conspiratorial plot.",
"Another uprising, supposedly linked to Brizola's plan, was the Três Passos Guerrilla movement.",
"In March 1965, Colonel Jefferson Cardim, in command of 22 men, crossed Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina to Paraná to find the rebels, which didn't happen.",
"The group was dispersed on March 27, after an exchange of fire with an army troop.Once the insurrectionary attempts had failed, the nationalists and their former subordinates started the guerrilla project.",
"They intended to launch five combat fronts: one on the border between Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo, in the Caparaó mountain range, which would have two commands at different points, in Mato Grosso, Rio de Janeiro, on the border between Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina and in the south of Maranhão.",
"According to the plan, Brizola would enter Brazil through Rio Grande do Sul with the outbreak of five guerrilla fronts.",
"Due to different problems, only the Caparaó mountain front was prepared, and with a single command instead of the two planned.",
"Groups of MNR militants, almost exclusively ex-subalterns from the Armed Forces, arrived in the region at the end of 1966 and formed a unit of 14 members led by Amadeu Felipe da Luz Ferreira.",
"Between March and April 1967, the Caparaó Guerrilla movement ended without a shot being fired, with its members arrested by a police patrol from Minas Gerais.According to archives of the Superior Military Court revealed after re-democratization, during this period, an extreme right-wing group linked to members of the armed forces began to carry out false flag operations with the aim of manipulating public opinion and justifying the intensification of authoritarianism and repression by the dictatorial regime.",
"Composed of police officers from the former Public Force (as the São Paulo Military Police was called at the time), the group carried out 14 bomb attacks, stole dynamite from quarries and weapons from the corporation and committed at least one bank robbery.The main targets of the attacks were the agencies that would later coordinate repression against the leftist groups in São Paulo: the 2nd Army Division, the Department of Political and Social Order (DOPS) and the Public Force HQ.",
"The collective also exploded bombs at Bovespa (now B3), at the Utinga oil pipeline, in buildings where the enlistment sectors of the Public Force operated, at criminal courts and on bridges and tracks that connected the coast and the suburbs of the metropolitan region to the center of São Paulo.",
"General Silvio Corrêa de Andrade, director of the Federal Police in São Paulo, argued that the government had no doubt that left-wing groups were involved in all these activities.The most impactful act related to the Brazilian armed struggle took place on July 25, 1966: a bomb was placed at Guararapes airport in Recife, aimed at the then Minister of War and presidential candidate, Artur da Costa e Silva.",
"The bomb killed two people and injured more than ten, but missed its target.",
"The attack, attributed to the PCBR at the time, was allegedly the work of Alípio de Freitas, a member of the AP, who was in Recife in mid-1966 when Costa e Silva's visit was announced, but denied any involvement in the case even after the amnesty.",
"Admiral Nelson Gomes Fernandes and journalist Edson Régis de Carvalho died in the attack.",
"The outcome of the action, which became known as the Guararapes Airport Attack, was the immediate suspension by the AP leadership of any involvement by the organization in acts of urban guerrilla warfare.",
"Converted to Maoism, the AP began to defend guerrilla warfare in the countryside and stopped conducting actions in the cities.Marighella when he was a congressman, around 1946.In December 1967, the first robbery by an armed group was carried out by the ALN, when they intercepted a car carrying money in the Santo Amaro neighborhood.",
"In command of the action, Marighella collected the money from the robbery.",
"Other thefts of bank branches and paying cars were committed, as well as the seizure of explosives used in construction.",
"The heists were notable for their numbers and the robbers' ''modus operandi''.",
"Until 1967, bank robberies rarely exceeded two a year in São Paulo and the criminals robbed the tellers and the customers, while the guerrillas targeted the bank vaults.Initially, the rebels didn't identify themselves in order to trick the police into thinking they were dealing with common criminals and the organizations could accumulate more firepower.",
"On November 13, 1968, a paying car belonging to the Guanabara State Pension Institute (''Instituto de Previdência do Estado do Rio de Janeiro'' - IPEG) was intercepted by three armed men, who took NCr$ 120,000.In the afternoon, a sergeant recognized the car in which the guerrillas had carried out the robbery at a gas station.",
"Warned by the sergeant, the police arrested the driver, who underwent torture and provided information about the perpetrators, including the name of Marighella.",
"From then on, newspapers and magazines published long articles about him.",
"Before that, the ALN had already claimed a bomb attack in March 1968 on the US Consulate in São Paulo, revealing the existence of an armed struggle project to overthrow the regime.By the end of 1968, other left-wing organizations had conducted armed actions.",
"The Red Wing had organized three robberies, confiscated dynamite from a quarry and stole printing machines from the Kelmaq store in order to set up a clandestine workshop.",
"On the night of July 1, 1968, COLINA murdered Edward Ernest Tito Otto Maximilian von Westernhagen, a major in the West German Army who had been mistaken for Gary Prado Salmón, one of Che Guevara's executioners.",
"The most daring actions of the period were perpetrated by the VPR, including the theft of dynamite and FAL rifles from the guard at the Military Hospital in Cambuci on June 22; the attack on the 2nd Army Division's headquarters on June 26, which resulted in the death of Mário Kozel Filho; the murder of US Captain Charles Rodney Chandler, a Vietnam War veteran, on October 12; and the theft of a large stock of weapons from the Diana Store, in downtown São Paulo, on December 11.=== Mass struggles, collapse of the regime and immersion in the armed struggle ===When the military dictatorship was established in 1964, it attempted to purge political, trade union and military leaders who were committed to labour reformism, as well as cutting any organizational ties between these leaders and social movements.",
"With the support of the urban middle classes and liberal civil sectors, anchored in the press and conservative parties, Castelo Branco's government acted to reorient the Brazilian economy and institutionalize the authoritarian regime.",
"There was a consensus among the military leadership and the technocracy that the state and the economy needed to be modernized along capitalist lines in order to facilitate the entry of foreign capital.",
"Castelo Branco's government also aimed to control inflation and restore Brazil's investment capacity.",
"To achieve this, it applied a recessionary formula, controlling public spending and squeezing wages.",
"Despite political support, the measures adopted by Castelo Branco's economic team did not have the desired effects.",
"With the economy in crisis, part of the middle class and liberal sectors that had initially supported the coup soon became disillusioned with the new government.After Institutional Act Number Two (AI-2), which consolidated the authoritarian and dictatorial nature of the regime, several political and social segments expanded the resistance movement.",
"The main pre-coup political leaders (Carlos Lacerda, João Goulart and Juscelino Kubitschek) organized the Broad Front (''Frente Ampla''), the student movement reached the streets, attracted attention and earned sympathy from the liberal press and the Congress assembled several Parliamentary Inquiry Commission (CPIs), such as the one into the denationalization of land in the Amazon and the agreement between Time-Life and Rede Globo.",
"Repression and recession made the government unpopular, especially in the big urban centers.The student movement represented the most radicalized part of the opposition group.",
"Since 1966, the students had held public protests against the dictatorship, clashing with the police and campaigning for a null vote.",
"It assumed the task of criticizing the regime and taking the lead in the struggle for social change.",
"In 1968, the death of high school student Edson Luís, shot by the police during a demonstration in Rio de Janeiro, sparked a series of protests across Brazil.",
"More than 60,000 people attended his funeral and the seventh-day mass became a major conflict between students and the police.",
"From the second half of 1968 onwards, influenced by the student uprisings in France in May 1968, the protests reached their peak in the March of the One Hundred Thousand (''Passeata dos Cem Mil''), on June 26, which was widely supported by society, artists and intellectuals.During the demonstrations, the students managed to articulate the struggle for demands with the political fight, spreading slogans against the dictatorship based on specific student issues, such as the university reforms sought by the government.",
"However, there were differences between the several branches of the student movement.",
"While the AP and the PCdoB advocated strengthening the mass protests against the dictatorship, the groups represented by the university dissidents of the PCB were in favour of organizing an armed conflict.",
"The clash between the various political orientations of the student movement marked the XXX UNE Congress, held clandestinely on a site in Ibiúna, in the interior of São Paulo, in October 1968.The event ended with the arrest of 920 students, including leaders such as Luís Travassos and José Dirceu.",
"The repression, which had intensified in August with the military occupation of the University of Brasilia (UnB), led some students to see the armed struggle as an alternative to opposing the regime, as the large street demonstrations waned.Also in 1968, the workers' movement returned to the political and social scene.",
"Despite being harshly repressed and controlled from the beginning of the coup, the workers managed to regroup around new, younger and more radicalized leaders.",
"The wage squeeze promoted by the regime began to be felt by the workers and, in April, 15,000 metalworkers went on strike for better salaries in Contagem, in the interior of Minas Gerais.",
"In July, metalworkers in Osasco staged a radical strike and occupied the COBRASMA factory.",
"The union was intervened and the army used repressive force to clear the factory.",
"Both strikes were organized and led by groups of the revolutionary left, which branched out in the companies and dominated the metalworkers' unions.",
"The actions of the left-wing organizations were centralized in the trade union apparatus, through which they prepared and led the strikes.",
"Militants from AP, Corrente and COLINA played an important role in organizing the Contagem strike, while VPR militants were linked to the strike agitations in Osasco.Besides the radicalization of students and workers, fed by the growing oppositionism of the middle class and the leftist preaching of artists and intellectuals, opposition politicians started pressuring the regime.",
"In September, deputy Márcio Moreira Alves called the army a \"torturers' cave\" and recommended a boycott of the Independence Day military parades.",
"The army claimed to be offended, and the government asked for Moreira Alves to leave to be prosecuted.",
"On December 12, the Chamber of Deputies denied the request by 216 votes to 141.The decision was followed by the proclamation of Institutional Act Number Five (AI-5), which put the National Congress and the State Legislatures into recess, reopened restrictions on political rights and abolished ''habeas corpus'' for those who violated the National Security Law.",
"Censorship became tougher and imposed total control over the press, opposition publications stopped circulating and artists were arrested and forced to leave the country.Until the end of 1969, the armed left benefited from the clandestinity of members and sympathizers who had been active in the mass movements prior to AI-5.Since then, the pressure for armed struggle increased within the radical left organizations dedicated to working directly with social movements, in a process that Jacob Gorender called \"general immersion in armed struggle\".",
"With the exception of the PCB, the Trotskyist Revolutionary Workers Party (''Partido Operário Revolucionário Trotskista'' - PORT), the PCdoB, the AP and the short-lived Libertarian Student Movement (''Movimento Estudantil Libertário'' - MEL), all of the left organizations of the period carried out urban armed action.",
"Organizations that were involved in armed actions, such as ALN, COLINA and VPR, grew rapidly in number.",
"COLINA and VPR, damaged by the repression resulting from their actions the previous year, recovered in the first half of 1969 through the merger that created VAR-Palmares.",
"In July, they carried out the robbery of the safe of the former governor of São Paulo, Adhemar de Barros, in an action considered the most lucrative of the Brazilian armed struggle.",
"The ALN grew in São Paulo, Guanabara and other states.Non-armed organizations, such as the Communist Dissidence of Guanabara (DI-GB, later MR-8) and the PCBR, began organizing along these lines.",
"The DI-GB created a special working group structured for urban guerrilla actions and began to carry out bank robberies and arms thefts.",
"From the Pernambuco Regional Committee, the PCBR launched a number of actions in the Northeast, such as a robbery of the Banco da Lavoura in João Pessoa in May 1969, assaults on bank branches and gas stations in Recife and the destruction of a stage set up for the authorities at the Independence Day parade.",
"The initiatives of the northeastern militants prompted activists in Rio de Janeiro and Guanabara, who quickly organized similar actions.In 1969, two actions delayed and caused an attack on the island.",
"The first was the invasion of the Rádio Nacional transmission station in Piraporinha on the morning of August 15 by twelve ALN guerrillas.",
"They took control of the employees and broadcast a revolutionary manifesto read by Marighella.",
"The ''Diário da Noite'' newspaper in São Paulo published the full text, which led to the arrest of the editor-in-chief, Hermínio Sacchetta, and the opening of an investigation.On September 4, a joint command formed by ALN and DI-GB kidnapped the American ambassador Charles Burke Elbrick and demanded the release of fifteen political prisoners with safe transfer abroad, as well as the dissemination of a manifesto in newspapers and radio and television stations throughout Brazil.",
"The military accepted the proposal, releasing political prisoners and providing flights to Mexico.",
"The joint manifesto was disseminated by major newspapers and radio and television stations.",
"After this action, DI-GB adopted the acronym 8 October Revolutionary Movement (MR-8), which had previously been used by University Dissidence of Niterói, dismantled by the repression in April.The guerrilla actions aimed to raise funds to cover the clandestine structure of the organizations and to spread revolutionary propaganda to the masses.",
"However, the long-term strategic plan was to launch rural guerrilla warfare, which was considered of fundamental importance in the fight against the dictatorship.",
"In 1969, the ALN was preparing to transfer guerrillas from São Paulo to the southern region of Pará, which would be the convergence point for guerrillas simultaneously departing from rural areas in northern Paraná, Dourados, Chapada Diamantina, and Guapiaçu.",
"Each guerrilla group would occupy villages and towns, burn registries, attack large estates, and distribute food to the poor population.After splitting from VAR-Palmares, VPR established a guerrilla training camp in Ribeira Valley.",
"In order to prepare future bases for the armed struggle in rural areas, the trained guerrillas were then sent to farms already purchased in Maranhão and Rio Grande do Sul.",
"VAR also established a guerrilla training camp on a farm purchased in Pará, which was soon dismantled.",
"The PCBR also acquired two sites in the interior of Paraná.",
"They sent some militants to the region to organize local agricultural and peasant workers.=== Repression and dismantling of the urban guerrillas ===The urban armed actions, labeled as terrorism by the government and the mainstream media, caught the repressive apparatus of the state off guard.",
"Until the end of the 1960s, state police forces, through the Departments of Political and Social Order (''Departamentos de Ordem Política e Social'' - DOPS), were responsible for political repression operations.",
"There was no national, militarized, and integrated system of police repression.",
"The intelligence services of the Armed Forces were also highly fragmented, with functions divided among the Navy Information Center (''Centro de Informações da Marinha'' - CENIMAR), Air Force Information Center (''Centro de Informações da Aeronáutica'' - CISA), and Army Information Center (''Centro de Informações do Exército'' - CIE).The overlap of agencies and commands in the fight against urban guerrilla warfare, the lack of a nationally structured Federal Police and the inefficiency of DOPS hindered the fight against armed struggle.",
"Fighting guerrillas required the existence of a centralized repressive apparatus.",
"On June 29, 1969, Operation Bandeirantes (OBAN), a joint initiative of General José Canavarro Pereira, commander of the 2nd Army Division, and the São Paulo State Public Security Secretariat, was founded in São Paulo.OBAN's staff was composed of officers and subordinates from the Armed Forces and the São Paulo Public Force, as well as delegates, investigators and bureaucrats linked to the Secretariat of Security.",
"Its structure was financed by large Brazilian and multinational companies.",
"Installed on the premises of the 36th Police District next to the Army Police Barracks in Rio de Janeiro, the site became one of the most famous torture centers in Brazil.",
"Civil police chief Sérgio Paranhos Fleury occupied a prominent position in OBAN's structure, given the military's inexperience in proper police work, giving up systematic torture and extrajudicial executions during repressive activities.Cautious of its commands and hierarchy, the military leadership included the police effort to combat guerrilla warfare and political repression.",
"Inspired by OBAN's flexible model, the DOI-CODI system was created in September 1970.It was under the direct control of the commanders of each army or military region and could intercommunicate with the intelligence services of each force, which continued to exist and act.",
"The Operations and Information Detachment (''Departamento de Operações de Informações'' - DOI) was responsible for the practical actions of searching, seizing and interrogating suspects, while the functions of the Internal Defense Operations Center (''Centro de Operações de Defesa Interna -'' CODI) covered the analysis of information, the coordination of the various military bodies and the strategic planning of the fight against left-wing groups.",
"In all the capitals, the DOPS became annexes of the DOI-CODI, limited to the bureaucratic fulfillment required for the final formalization of the judicial processes to be submitted to the military audits (the only exception was the DOPS in São Paulo, which remained active as an autonomous body).Torture was used systematically to dismantle revolutionary organizations.",
"The military often used fabricated incidents and escapes to justify deaths under torture.",
"From 1971 onwards, the repressive system developed a complex disappearance technique.",
"The bodies of dead militants were incinerated, dismembered or buried as indigents or with changed names.",
"A counter-information apparatus was organized to throw family members off the track.",
"Several torture teams also maintained clandestine centers in order to circumvent the precarious control of the commanders and act without being accountable to the official repression system.",
"In 1969, in direct response to the guerrilla groups, the regime proclaimed Institutional Acts 13 and 14, which instituted banishment and the death penalty, and reformulated the National Security Law, typifying new crimes and creating harsher penalties.The repressive procedures involved a combination of military repression (interrogations based on torture and eventual summary executions) and legal procedures to impute guilt under the National Security Law.",
"When a militant was arrested in police operations, he was not immediately placed under the tutelage of the judicial authority.",
"Normally, the team that captured the militant was not the same team that interrogated him.",
"These operations occurred without search or arrest warrants and during ambushes that resembled kidnappings.",
"The heads of the interrogators were senior officers, while the heads of the captors were usually lower-ranking military officers.",
"The interrogations were monitored, recorded and registered.",
"If the prisoner survived, he was handed over to the police authorities for an investigation, which was followed by a trial by the military justice system.As they engaged in armed struggle, left-wing organizations faced increasingly coordinated, equipped and informed repression, which brought a series of difficulties for their militants.",
"Robberies of bank branches and paying cars brought in large sums of money, but quickly ran out to support the clandestine structure.",
"Houses were rented to set up apparatuses to serve as homes for militants or as meeting places and weapons depots.",
"The amount of money raised in robberies also decreased, as bank branches began to leave the bare minimum in their vaults and some actions yielded less than the cost of preparing and carrying them out.",
"After a while, total commitment to the armed struggle alienated militants and sympathizers due to a lack of personal skills or ideological disposition.",
"Especially from the end of 1969, the effects of the recovery of the national economy with the start of the Brazilian miracle became more clearly felt, which made it even more difficult to recruit militants willing to fight against a dictatorship that generated development and harshly repressed its opponents.After the kidnapping of Charles Burke Elbrick, the repressive crisis caused severe casualties for the armed struggle.",
"A series of arrests of militants led to the disappearance of important leaders of the revolutionary organizations.",
"On November 4, 1969, Marighella was assassinated in an ambush and several contacts he had established were lost, as well as the resources for different actions that were supposed to be used in the preparation of rural guerrilla warfare.",
"In early 1970, leaders of the MR-8, PCBR and VAR were also hit by repression.",
"The Red Wing noticed that the money obtained from bank robberies did not compensate for the expenses and other problems they caused and proposed a retreat from the armed struggle and a rapprochement with the masses.",
"The militants who were unhappy with the new approach formed the Tiradentes Revolutionary Movement (MRT) in São Paulo and the Marxist Revolutionary Movement (MRM) in Minas Gerais.The groups that were not completely disbanded, reorganized.",
"The PCBR established a new national leadership and launched actions in the Northeast.",
"The MR-8 also reconstituted its national leadership and benefited from the incorporation of a group of high school students from Bahia led by Sérgio Landulfo Furtado and the entry of José Campos Barreto, or Zequinha, who was involved in the strike agitations in Osasco and had been active in the VPR and VAR.",
"The VPR began guerrilla training in the Ribeira Valley under the leadership of Carlos Lamarca.",
"After Marighella's death, the ALN was led by Joaquim Câmara Ferreira, who, seeking the unity of the revolutionary left, contacted other organizations to carry out armed actions together.",
"Between the end of 1970 and the beginning of 1971, the ALN, MR-8, MRT and VPR carried out some joint actions, including kidnapping diplomats and successful robberies of paying cars and bank branches.The last major actions carried out by the armed groups were the kidnappings of diplomats for the release of political prisoners.",
"On March 12, the VPR, MRT and Democratic Resistance (''Resistência Democrática'' - REDE) mobilized in an action to free Shizuo Ozawa, known as Mário Japa, a member of the VPR's Regional Coordination who knew the organization's guerrilla training camp and could reveal Lamarca's whereabouts.",
"To free him, the group kidnapped Nobuo Okushi, the Japanese consul in São Paulo.",
"The rescue list included only five names, including that of Mário Japa.",
"The Médici government accepted the guerrillas' demands, releasing the political prisoners and sending them to Mexico.",
"In April, the military discovered the location of the VPR's guerrilla training camp and Lamarca's whereabouts; on the 21st, the siege of the guerrillas in the Ribeira Valley began.The rebels, successful in escaping the military's encirclement, winning battles and taking prisoners, reached the city of São Paulo on the night of the 31st.",
"After his escape, Lamarca spent five months sheltering in an apparatus provided by Joaquim Alencar de Seixas, member of the MRT.",
"On July 11, the ALN and VPR captured the German ambassador Ehrenfried von Holleben.",
"During the action, security guard Irlando de Souza Régis was shot and lost his life.",
"The Médici government quickly arranged for the publication of the revolutionaries' manifesto in the mainstream press and the release of forty political prisoners, who were sent to Algeria.The last kidnapping was conducted by the VPR.",
"On September 7, in an action commanded directly by Lamarca, the group kidnapped Swiss ambassador Giovanni Enrico Bucher and demanded the release of seventy political prisoners.",
"On this occasion, the Médici government rejected several names from the original list, especially those arrested on charges or convicted of murder, sentenced to life imprisonment and who had taken part in the previous kidnappings.",
"The unanticipated attitude forced the guerrillas to propose substitute names and some were also rejected.",
"The negotiations lasted forty days and were conducted through secretive channels, while the police undertook a major investigation to locate Lamarca and the other guerrillas who were guarding Ambassador Bucher.",
"In the end, an agreement was reached on the seventy political prisoners to be released, who were sent to Chile in exchange for Bucher's freedom.After the kidnapping of Enrico Bucher, the armed organizations faced increasingly serious difficulties.",
"In 1971, almost all the armed organizations were dismantled by the repression and their leaders arrested or killed.",
"The ALN still managed to sustain the guerrilla war until 1973, going through splits that gave rise to the Popular Liberation Movement (''Movimento de Libertação Popular'' - MOLIPO) and the Leninist Tendency (''Tendência Leninista -'' TL).",
"With the organizations shattered, militants imprisoned, killed, exiled or disappeared, and no prospect of recruiting new cadres, armed actions became a desperate means of survival for the militants and organizations still engaged in guerrilla warfare.With the increasing social marginalization of the armed groups in the early 1970s, the militants were faced with a dilemma between abandoning their organizations and being branded \"traitors\" or remaining in the armed struggle and facing almost fatal imprisonment or death.",
"In March 1974, when General Ernesto Geisel assumed the Presidency of the Republic, the urban guerrillas had already been extinguished at the cost of hundreds of prisoners, deaths, exiles and disappearances.=== Araguaia Guerrilla and total dismantling of the armed struggle ===An attempt to unleash rural guerrilla warfare was made before the armed struggle was completely dismantled.",
"The PCdoB, which had chosen not to get involved in urban armed actions, was not affected by the repression and had better conditions to prepare and launch guerrilla warfare in the countryside.",
"The Araguaia River region, in the south of Pará, was chosen by the party to start the armed struggle in the countryside; the PCdoB had militants living in the area since 1966.From 1967 onwards, new supporters arrived, usually party members who were wanted by the police because of their links to the student movement.",
"By the beginning of 1972, over sixty PCdoB activists had settled in the region, including a large part of the party's Central Committee and Executive Commission.The guerrillas were led by a military commission, which coordinated three detachments, each with its own commander and with around 21 members.",
"Each section was subdivided into three groups of militants, including a chief and deputy chief for each group.",
"The disciplinary and security rules were strict and the guerrillas only knew their comrades from their own detachment, ignoring the activities of the others.",
"The preparation of the guerrillas was unknown to the population of Araguaia.",
"The rebels settled as ordinary residents, who tried to be helpful and supportive of their neighbors.",
"The low level of social conflict and the scant police presence facilitated the work of the militants, who integrated into the daily lives of the other rural workers without developing political activities.",
"Occasionally, the militants carried out some assistance activities, such as medical and health care for the local residents.The guerrilla war was about to begin when the presence of the PCdoB in that area was discovered by the repressive agencies, which forced them to accelerate their plans and launch the war immediately.",
"The army spent almost two years and three military campaigns defeating the guerrillas.",
"The first, from April to June 1972, involved thousands of men, mostly ordinary conscripts.",
"The rebels inflicted some casualties on the military and caused panic among the troops, which won them a moral victory and forced the armed forces to retreat.",
"A second campaign took place between September and October of the same year, but was also unsuccessful.",
"Between April and October, the military inflicted only eighteen casualties among the guerrillas.The military actions of the insurgents, who had few old weapons, were scarce and defensive.",
"The guerrillas' political work only began at the end of 1972, after the defeat of the army's second campaign.",
"They founded several sections of the Union for Freedom and People's Rights (''União pela Liberdade e pelos Direitos do'' ''Povo'' - ULDP), which developed a moderate program proposing democratic social reforms to solve the problems faced by the local population.",
"However, the guerrillas lacked sufficient time to deepen their political work, although they did achieve some popular participation in the ULDP and a few adherents to the movement.After the defeat of the second campaign, the military tried to retreat tactically and devised a new strategy for the siege and definitive annihilation of the guerrillas, exchanging the large contingent of conscripts for a smaller and more effective number of experienced soldiers, armed and specially trained to fight the guerrillas, increasing the tactic of providing the population of the region with some assistance services in parallel with the repressive activity.",
"Between the end of 1972 and the beginning of 1973, repression deeply affected the structure of the PCdoB in the cities, with several arrests and the deaths of four members of the Central Committee, three of them from the Executive Commission.The guerrillas were isolated from their contacts in the city and became completely autonomous.",
"In October 1973, the army launched the last military campaign to encircle and annihilate the guerrillas and won successive victories.",
"By the end of the year, the army had destroyed the military commission, the organization that directed guerrilla activities in the middle of the forest.",
"The survivors dispersed into the woods and formed five independent groups, who were hunted down and killed by the military.",
"By mid-1974, all the guerrillas operating in Araguaia had been killed and disappeared.",
"It was the definitive end of the armed struggle in Brazil.The Araguaia guerrilla war was suppressed and hidden by the military and total censorship of the media prevented any news from being published about the events in the region.",
"The only exceptions were the September 24, 1972 issue of the newspaper ''O Estado de São Paulo'', and an article in ''Jornal da Tarde'' published the following day with extensive reports on the army's second campaign in Araguaia.",
"Only in 1978, during the process of political reform, newspapers and magazines began to investigate the Araguaia guerrillas and reclaim them as historical facts.=== External support ===\"What you need, man, is a revolution like mine.\"",
"Valtman portrays Fidel Castro towering above small figures who represent Cuba and Brazil.Some guerrilla groups received external support from China and Cuba.",
"Before the coup, on March 29, 1964, ten PCdoB militants went to China for a political-military course.",
"Among them were Osvaldo Orlando da Costa, João Carlos Haas Sobrinho, André Grabois, José Humberto Bronca and Paulo Mendes Rodrigues, who in 1967 settled on the banks of the Araguaia River to start rural guerrilla warfare.",
"After abandoning ''Foquismo'' and joining Maoism in 1967, the AP also had militants undergoing political-military training in China.Cuba supported the Brazilians at three different moments.",
"The first was before the military coup, when Francisco Julião's Peasant Leagues received financial support from Cuba.",
"After the dictatorship was established and the Leagues disbanded, Cuban support was transferred to the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement (MNR).",
"After the dismantling of the Caparaó guerrillas, Cuban support shifted to the ANL.",
"From 1967 onwards, Carlos Marighella became the main name of the Brazilian revolution for the Cubans.",
"Until the beginning of 1970, Cuba trained guerrillas not only from the ALN, but also from the VPR and the MR-8, although it considered Marighella's organization to be the most suitable for unleashing the armed struggle in Brazil.Between July 31 and August 10, 1967, Marighella attended the conference that founded the Latin American Solidarity Organization (OLAS), which signalled his rupture with the PCB.",
"Soon after OLAS was formed, militants linked to Marighella arrived in Cuba to carry out political and military training.",
"According to Marighella, the support did not justify the Cuban government interfering in the course of the Brazilian revolution.",
"He believed that Cuban assistance should not lead to the loss of the organization's autonomy, the surrender of the guerrilla leadership or subservience.For right-wing groups and the military, external support for the guerrillas was proof of international communism's interference in the direction of Brazil's internal politics.",
"For the left-wing organizations aligned with ''Foquismo'' and Maoism, Cuban or Chinese support represented legitimacy and status."
],
[
"Amnesty, reparations and justice",
"During the political opening, revolutionaries who had not been killed or disappeared were scattered in prisons and exile.",
"The isolated militants launched successive campaigns to denounce the dictatorship, exposing the systematic use of torture for repressive purposes and gaining the attention of international public opinion.",
"At the time, most of the activists had already abandoned the prospect of armed confrontation.",
"From 1975 onwards, a campaign for amnesty was launched by the Women's Movement for Amnesty (''Movimento Feminino pela Anistia'' - MFPA) and led by Therezinha Zerbini, which found repercussions among Brazilians in exile abroad, where more than thirty committees were formed to fight for amnesty.In February 1978, the movement acquired strength with the founding of the Brazilian Committee for Amnesty (''Comitê Brasileiro pela Anistia'' - CBA), whose aim was to link the struggle for amnesty with the general democratization of society.",
"In November, the Congress for Amnesty was held, which reinforced the campaign's demands for a \"broad, general and unrestricted\" amnesty, as well as punishment for torturers, information on the disappeared and the fight for democratic freedoms and social justice.",
"The campaign succeeded in gathering together the opposition to the regime, including the former guerrillas.In 1979, the campaign for amnesty held several rallies and gained space in the press.",
"In June, in response to pressure from the streets, the government sent its project to Congress and launched the parliamentary debate to regulate an amnesty law.",
"In July 1979, political prisoners began a hunger strike to denounce the exclusionary nature of the bill presented by the government and demand a broad and unrestricted amnesty.",
"Once the bill was sent to Congress, a joint committee of parliamentarians was formed to discuss it.",
"The president of the commission was Senator Teotônio Vilela, from the MDB of Alagoas, who was in favor of the prisoners.The committee's rapporteur was Ernani Satyro, a deputy from ARENA in Paraíba, who drafted a substitute bill that endorsed the restricted and partial amnesty proposed by the government and rejected the broader alternatives.",
"In an attempt to prevent the approval of this act, a large part of the MDB decided to support a substitute amendment by Djalma Marinho, from ARENA in Rio Grande do Norte, which extended the amnesty to torturers.",
"In a roll-call vote in Congress, the amendment lost by four votes.",
"The leadership vote confirmed Ernani Satyro's substitute, which was sanctioned by President João Figueiredo.The Amnesty Law approved by the government announced amnesty for those who \"committed political crimes or crimes related to political crimes\", including torturers and agents of repression, but excluded armed struggle activists accused of murder, who were freed through other legal resources, such as sentence revisions and pardons.",
"State violence during the military dictatorship caused traumas that penetrated society and left the tensions caused by the left-wing guerrillas in the background.Since 1995, Brazil has adopted a policy of reparations for those affected by the repression, without deepening its policies on justice and memory.",
"The Special Commission on the Dead and Disappeared (''Comissão Especial sobre Mortos e Desaparecidos'' - CEMDP), created during Fernando Henrique Cardoso's government and subordinate to the Ministry of Justice, recognized the responsibility of the federal government in the arbitrary acts of repression that resulted in deaths and disappearances.",
"Since then, amnesty processes have been widely reviewed to correct any injustices and omissions.",
"By 2009, of the 62,000 requests for review, 38,000 had been judged, 23,000 were granted and 10,000 were entitled to economic reparations.In April 2010, the Order of Attorneys of Brazil (''Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil -'' OAB) filed a request for a review of the Amnesty Law, which was denied by the Supreme Federal Court (STF) based on the argument that this was a task for the legislature.",
"In 2012, during Dilma Rousseff's government, the National Truth Commission (''Comissão Nacional da Verdade -'' CNV) was instituted to clarify the whereabouts of the disappeared and the responsibility of those responsible for human rights violations between 1946 and 1988, although without the power to punish.",
"Its work was accompanied by dozens of complementary regional and institutional commissions."
],
[
"Legacy and memory",
"In the second half of the 1970s, opposition movements increased.",
"Liberal, political and business leaders developed an oppositionist narrative critical of the regime, including elements from the moderate political left, which did not advocate armed struggle or the radicalization of social movements.",
"As a result of this convergence, a memory of the military dictatorship became hegemonic, incorporating ideas of liberalism and left-wing criticism.",
"They blamed the radicalism of the left-wing reformists for the fall of João Goulart and condemned the military hard line and the left-wing guerrilla movements, blaming them for the crisis that plunged Brazil into the \"Years of Lead\".By rejecting right-wing and left-wing radicalism, the memory attributed identical moral responsibilities to different agents motivated by different values, while creating a political space that incorporated everything from moderate sectors of the Armed Forces to militants from the non-armed left.",
"This memory placed censorship, torture and the lack of civil liberties as consequences of the regime's closure after the pronouncement of AI-5 in 1968, considered to be a hard-line response to radicalized left-wing movements and which ended up victimizing civil society as a whole.",
"The condemnation of the military hard line and the guerrillas formed the basis of this memory, which sought to reconcile post-dictatorship Brazil.The hegemonic memory of the dictatorship was built fundamentally on liberal foundations, privileging institutional stability and criticizing radical and extra-institutional alternatives.",
"While condemning the military hardliners and guerrillas politically for their \"excesses\", it also absolved them, in an attempt to placate ideological differences and erase the traumas created by political violence, leading to the reconstruction of a conciliatory and moderate political space.",
"The memory was institutionalized by the 1979 Amnesty Law, which granted amnesty to political prisoners and their torturers.",
"It was drafted by sectors of the liberal and moderate opposition, which neutralized the demands for justice from the leftist groups directly affected by the repression.The literature of testimony, often written by former guerrillas and which abounded between the end of the 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s, served to solidify the memory.",
"The books ''Em câmara lenta'' (1977), by Renato Tapajós, and ''O Que É Isso, Companheiro?''",
"(1979), by Fernando Gabeira, stand out.",
"In these works, the denunciation of torture provides the foundation for the ex-guerrillas' memories of the military dictatorship.",
"The subject of torture had a major impact on public opinion after the release of the book ''Brasil: Nunca Mais'', coordinated by Cardinal Dom Paulo Evaristo Arns, which, for the first time, revealed in a systematic, detailed and documented way the mechanism of repression in Brazil and the forms of torture practiced against prisoners.",
"These documents, which had been clandestinely removed from the archives of the Supreme Military Court (STM), corroborated the testimony of the tortured and were accepted by the judges to mitigate their sentences.Faced with pressure to investigate the crimes of torture, kidnapping and murder, the military resorted to the Amnesty Law.",
"For them, any effort to expose what happened during the repression of armed and moderate left-wing groups would represent a violation of the principle of amnesty, understood as reciprocal forgetfulness.",
"In response to the left-wing activists' narrative, the military also launched its version of the events.",
"After the release of ''Brasil: Nunca Mais'', Leônidas Pires Gonçalves, then Minister of the Army, commissioned the Army Information Center (CIE) to prepare a response, which would originate the Orvil Project.The project was finished at the end of 1987 and consisted of a work of more than 900 pages on the several \"attempts to seize power\" by the communists in Brazil.",
"However, then-president José Sarney did not authorize its publication, and the project remained underground until some of its fragments were published on the internet by the right-wing group Terrorism Never Again (''Terrorismo Nunca Mais'' - TERNUMA).",
"Other responses to the leftist narratives were published by former agents of the repression, such as the books ''Brasil Sempre'' (1986), by Marco Pollo Giordani, and ''Rompendo o Silêncio'' (1987) by Carlos Alberto Brilhante Ustra.",
"Almost twenty years after the release of his first book, Ustra published ''A Verdade Sufocada'' (2006), which provided a more detailed analysis of the actions of leftist groups, revisiting the Communist Intent of 1935, but focusing on the armed groups that operated in the 1960s and 1970s.Overall, the military's narrative reproduced the official version of the existence of a supposed communist danger that surrounded Brazil between 1935 and 1974, reiterating elements of the National Security Doctrine and Cold War ideology.",
"In some cases, as in Ustra's works, these descriptions are permeated by the notion that civil society lacked the necessary recognition of those who \"fought terrorism\", demonstrating the military's nonconformity with the memory of the victims and their families, which was gaining ground and demanding that the state recognize its responsibility for the disappearance and death of several people during the dictatorship.",
"The use of torture, if not denied, was explained as necessary to combat the guerrillas, constituting individual \"excesses\" that were beyond the control of the hierarchies.",
"In September 2014, in a document responding to the National Truth Commission (CMV), the Armed Forces officially admitted that torture and murders may have occurred during the dictatorship, but without admitting that torture may have been used systematically by the repressive apparatus."
],
[
"See also",
"* 1964 Brazilian coup d'état"
],
[
"References",
"=== Bibliography ===* * * * * * * * * * * *"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Sasha Mitjaew"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Alexander Mitjaew Panasewitsch''' (born 18 March 1946), sportingly known as '''Sasha Mitjaew''' or '''Sacha Mitjaew''', is a Soviet-born Chilean former football manager."
],
[
"Career",
"With an extensive career in Chile, Mitjaew began his career with Unión La Calera in the 1974 Primera División de Chile, where he previously worked as fitness coach, becoming the youngest manager in the history of the Chilean top division.In the Chilean top level, he also led Coquimbo Unido, Audax Italiano, Palestino, Naval, Rangers, Deportes Concepción and Deportes La Serena.In the second level, he led San Antonio Unido, Trasandino, Deportes Linares, Rangers, Audax Italiano and Santiago Morning.",
"Abroad, he had a stint with Bolivian club Mariscal Braun in 2002–03.He recommended three players from the Bolivian football for Universidad de Chile who finally did not sign with the club: Clemilson da Silva, Jaime Cardozo and Álex da Rosa."
],
[
"Political career",
"Committed with sports, Mitjaew was a candidate to deputy for the district 18 – including cities such as Linares, Cauquenes, Parral, among others – supported by the party País in the 2017 election."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Born in Soviet Union, Mitjaew came to Chile at the age of five on board a ship.",
"His father was Russian and his mother was Ukrainian.According to his official ID, he was born in 1946, but he declares it was in 1948.Mitjaew graduated as a PE teacher, got a PhD in exercise physiology in Russia and got a degree in sport psychology in Spain."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"The Evasions"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''The Evasions''' was a novelty band which had a UK hit single in 1981."
],
[
"History",
"In 1980, The Sugarhill Gang introduced rap music into a mainstream UK audience with the hit single \"Rapper's Delight\".",
"Over the next couple of years, a number of British music acts released rap singles, but most were novelties, such as Kenny Everett's \"Snot Rap\", The Brat's \"Chalk Dust\", and Roland Rat Superstar's \"Rat Rapping\".The Evasions was in similar vein.",
"The act was songwriter Adrian Sear, producer Nigel Martinez, and television music composer Graham de Wilde.",
"For the single, de Wilde performed an impersonation of television presenter and broadcaster Alan Whicker, purportedly analysing the dance music scene in Whicker's trademark detached anthropological style.",
"The backing included samples of \"Good Times\" by Chic and \"Funkin' For Jamaica\" by Tom Browne.Released on the Groove Productions label, based out of the Groove Records shop in Soho, under the title \"Wikka Wrap\" in June 1981, the song became a surprise hit, with The Evasions performing the track on Top Of The Pops on 25 June; ultimately it peaked at no.",
"20 in the UK singles charts for the week ending 4 July 1981.The Evasions had one follow-up single - \"Jock's Rap\", this time being a parody of \"The Message\" by Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five - but it was not a hit.",
"Nor was a 1988 \"update\" version of the original single (entitled \"Wikka Wrap 2 & The Beat Goes On\").The track gained an unexpected afterlife in 1996 when Coolio sampled it - including de Wilde's vocals - on the single \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\".",
"As a result de Wilde re-interpreted the single under the title \"1, 2, 3, For Real\" on the SMP label in 1996.Shortly after \"Wikka Wrap\" became a hit, Sear and de Wilde worked with Whicker on Whicker's World (for which de Wilde had written the theme), and found that Whicker \"took our parody very well.",
"He was a genuinely charming man.\""
],
[
"External links",
"* The Evasions website"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Diany"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Diany Aparecida Martins Xavier''' (born 12 December 1989), simply known as '''Diany''', is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Palmeiras."
],
[
"Club career",
"Born in Rio de Janeiro, Diany began her career playing futsal with hometown side , moving to football in 2010 with Volta Redonda.",
"In 2011, she joined Vasco da Gama, as the club had a partnership with the Brazilian Navy.In 2015, Diany moved to Flamengo, after the women's team was reestablished under a partnership with the Navy.",
"On 3 June 2018, she was announced at Corinthians.After spending her first year as a backup, Diany subsequently established herself as a starter for ''Timão'' in the following years.",
"On 20 December 2023, she left the club after not renewing her contract.On 8 January 2024, Diany signed for Palmeiras."
],
[
"International career",
"A military, Diany received call-ups to the Brazil military national team, playing in the Military World Games.",
"She received her first call-up to the Brazil national team in 2016, only returning in February 2018.Diany was also a member of Brazil's University teams in the 2015 and 2017 editions of the Summer Universiade, scoring the winner in the latter edition's gold medal match."
],
[
"Honours",
"'''Vasco da Gama'''*Campeonato Carioca de Futebol Feminino: 2012, 2013'''Botafogo'''*Campeonato Carioca de Futebol Feminino: 2014'''Brazil military'''*Military World Games: 2015'''Flamengo'''*Campeonato Carioca de Futebol Feminino: 2015, 2016, 2017*Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Feminino Série A1: 2016'''Brazil (University)'''*Summer Universiade: 2017'''Corinthians'''*Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Feminino Série A1: 2018, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023*Copa Libertadores Femenina: 2019, 2021*Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Feminino: 2019, 2020, 2021, 2023*Supercopa do Brasil de Futebol Feminino: 2022, 2023*: 2022===Individual===*Bola de Prata: 2022"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Regis Prograis vs Josh Taylor"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Regis Prograis vs Josh Taylor''', was a professional boxing match contested between WBA (Super) and WBC Diamond light-welterweight champion, Regis Prograis, and IBF light-welterweight champion, Josh Taylor, with the vacant ''The Ring'' light-welterweight title also on the line.",
"The fight was the World Boxing Super Series: light-welterweight final, with the winner receiving the Muhammad Ali Trophy.",
"The bout took place on 26 October 2019 at The O2 Arena, with Taylor winning by majority decision."
],
[
"Background",
"On 30 June 2018, it was announced that Taylor would join the eight man tournament.",
"It was later announced on 13 July 2018 that Prograis would also be taking part in the tournament.Prograis defeated his quarter-final, and semi-final opponents, Terry Flanagan, and Kiryl Relikh, to win the WBA light welterweight title.",
"Taylor defeated his quarter-final, and semi-final opponents, Ryan Martin, and Ivan Baranchyk, to win the IBF light welterweight title.On 31 August 2019, the unification bout between Prograis and Taylor was announced to take place on 26 October at The O2 Arena on Sky Sports Box Office."
],
[
"The fight",
"Taylor won by a majority decision with scores of 115–113, 117–112 in his favour, and 114–114 even."
],
[
"Aftermath",
"Following Taylor's win, in the post-fight interview, Taylor challenged WBC and WBO light-welterweight champion José Ramírez to an undisputed title fight.",
"Prograis expressed interest in a rematch."
],
[
"Fight card",
"Weight Classvs.MethodRoundTimeNotesLight-welterweightJosh Taylor (c)def.Regis Prograis (c)12/12HeavyweightDerek Chisoradef.David Price4/122:00LightweightLee Selbydef.Ricky BurnsMD12/12CruiserweightLawrence Okoliedef.Yves Ngabu (c)TKO7/122:28WelterweightConor Benn (c)def.Steve JamoyeTKO4/102:18Light-middleweightAbass Baraou (c)def.John O'DonnellTKO6/102:59Light-heavyweightDenis Radovandef.Luke Blackledge4/83:00Super-bantamweightShannon Courtenaydef.Jasmina Nad4/4MiddleweightAustin Williamsdef.Miroslav JunaPTS4/4"
],
[
"Broadcasting",
"CountryBroadcasterPPV'''United Kingdom''''''Sky Sports Box Office'''"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships – Women's 3000 metres"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Women's 3000 metres''' competition at the 2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships was held on February 15, 2024."
],
[
"Results",
"The race was started at 12:30.Rank Pair Lane Name Country Time Diff 10 i Irene Schouten 3:57.10 4 i Isabelle Weidemann 3:58.01 +0.91 8 o Martina Sáblíková 3:58.33 +1.23 4 9 i Marijke Groenewoud 3:59.81 +2.71 5 8 i Ragne Wiklund 3:59.84 +2.74 6 9 o Ivanie Blondin 4:03.14 +6.04 7 7 o Han Mei 4:03.73 +6.63 8 5 i Yang Binyu 4:04.86 +7.76 9 6 i Momoka Horikawa 4:06.07 +8.97 10 10 o Valérie Maltais 4:06.17 +9.07 11 5 o Elisa Dul 4:06.54 +9.44 12 7 i Yuna Onodera 4:07.60 +10.50 13 2 i Kaitlyn McGregor 4:07.68 +10.58 14 3 i Mia Manganello 4:08.99 +11.89 15 2 o Greta Myers 4:10.28 +13.18 16 1 i Yuka Takahashi 4:10.73 +13.63 17 3 o Sofie Karoline Haugen 4:11.00 +13.90 18 1 o Laura Lorenzato 4:12.04 +14.94 19 6 o Magdalena Czyszczoń 4:15.35 +18.25 20 4 o Sandrine Tas 4:16.59 +19.49"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships – Men's 5000 metres"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Men's 5000 metres''' competition at the 2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships was held on February 15, 2024."
],
[
"Results",
"The race was started at 13:41.Rank Pair Lane Name Country Time Diff 9 i Patrick Roest 6:07.28 8 i Davide Ghiotto 6:08.61 +1.33 7 i Sander Eitrem 6:09.00 +1.72 4 3 i Timothy Loubineaud 6:12.15 +4.87 5 8 o Ted-Jan Bloemen 6:12.66 +5.38 6 9 o Michele Malfatti 6:14.74 +7.46 7 3 o Chris Huizinga 6:15.04 +7.76 8 10 o Bart Swings 6:15.08 +7.80 9 2 o Peter Michael 6:16.39 +9.11 10 10 i Hallgeir Engebråten 6:18.49 +11.21 11 2 i Shomu Sasaki 6:20.44 +13.16 12 7 o Seitaro Ichinohe 6:20.72 +13.44 13 6 i Casey Dawson 6:21.63 +14.35 14 5 i Kristian Gamme Ulekleiv 6:22.91 +15.63 15 1 i Marcel Bosker 6:23.87 +16.59 16 4 o Andrea Giovannini 6:24.31 +17.03 17 6 o Wu Yu 6:25.24 +17.96 18 5 o Riku Tsuchiya 6:28.27 +20.99 19 4 i Livio Wenger 6:32.54 +25.26 20 1 o Jordan Belchos 6:36.60 +29.32"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships – Men's team sprint"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Men's team sprint''' competition at the 2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships was held on February 15, 2024."
],
[
"Results",
"The race was started at 15:44.Rank Pair Lane Country Time Diff 2 o Anders JohnsonLaurent DubreuilAntoine Gélinas-Beaulieu 1:17.173 1 o Janno BotmanJenning de BooTim Prins 1:17.175 +0.00 2 i Henrik Fagerli RukkeBjørn MagnussenHåvard Holmefjord Lorentzen 1:17.31 +0.14 4 3 o Deng ZhihanDu HaonanNing Zhongyan 1:17.32 +0.15 5 4 o Marek KaniaPiotr MichalskiDamian Żurek 1:17.37 +0.20 6 3 i Austin KlebaCooper McLeodZach Stoppelmoor 1:17.40 +0.23 7 4 i Moritz KleinStefan EmeleHendrik Dombek 1:18.80 +1.63 8 1 i Kim Jun-hoKim Tae-yunCho Sang-hyeok 1:19.61 +2.44"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships – Women's team sprint"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Women's team sprint''' competition at the 2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships was held on February 15, 2024."
],
[
"Results",
"The race was started at 15:27.Rank Pair Lane Country Time Diff 2 o Carolina HillerMaddison PearmanIvanie Blondin 1:25.14 2 i Sarah WarrenErin JacksonBrittany Bowe 1:26.04 +0.90 3 i Andżelika WójcikIga WojtasikKarolina Bosiek 1:26.63 +1.49 4 3 o Marrit FledderusJutta LeerdamAntoinette Rijpma-de Jong 1:26.86 +1.72 5 1 i Inessa ShumekovaAlina DauranovaYekaterina Aydova 1:27.23 +2.09 6 4 i Josephine HeimerlLea Sophie ScholzMichelle Uhrig 1:29.30 +4.16 7 1 o Lee Na-hyunKim Min-sunKang Soo-min 1:29.77 +4.63 8 4 o Pei ChongTian RuiningJin Wenjing 1:30.34 +5.20"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships – Men's team pursuit"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Men's team pursuit''' competition at the 2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships was held on February 16, 2024."
],
[
"Results",
"The race was started at 13:00.Rank Pair Lane Country Time Diff 4 s Andrea GiovanniniDavide GhiottoMichele Malfatti 3:35.00 4 c Sander EitremPeder KongshaugSverre Lunde Pedersen 3:36.07 +1.07 1 c Connor HoweAntoine Gélinas-BeaulieuHayden Mayeur 3:36.72 +1.72 4 3 c Casey DawsonEmery LehmanEthan Cepuran 3:38.64 +3.64 5 3 s Chris HuizingaMarcel BoskerBeau Snellink 3:40.50 +5.50 6 2 c Jason SuttelsIndra MédardBart Swings 3:40.79 +5.79 7 2 s Wang ShuaihanWu YuSun Chuanyi 3:45.23 +10.23 8 1 s Timothy LoubineaudMathieu BelloirValentin Thiebault 3:46.15 +11.15"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships – Women's team pursuit"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Women's team pursuit''' competition at the 2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships was held on February 16, 2024."
],
[
"Results",
"The race was started at 12:30.Rank Pair Lane Country Time Diff 1 c Joy BeuneIrene SchoutenMarijke Groenewoud 2:51.20 3 s Valérie MaltaisIvanie BlondinIsabelle Weidemann 2:54.03 +2.83 4 s Momoka HorikawaAyano SatoMiho Takagi 2:54.89 +3.69 4 3 c Brittany BoweMia ManganelloGiorgia Birkeland 2:57.80 +6.60 5 1 s Han MeiYang BinyuJin Wenjing 2:59.57 +8.37 6 2 s Lea Sophie ScholzJosephine SchlörbJosie Hofmann 2:59.72 +8.52 7 4 c Natalia JabrzykKarolina BosiekMagdalena Czyszczoń 3:00.58 +9.38 8 2 c Jasmin GüntertKaitlyn McGregorRamona Härdi 3:00.86 +9.66"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships – Men's 500 metres"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Men's 500 metres''' competition at the 2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships was held on February 16, 2024."
],
[
"Results",
"The race was started at 14:21.Rank Pair Lane Name Country Time Diff 12 o Jordan Stolz 33.69 12 i Laurent Dubreuil 33.95 +0.26 9 i Damian Żurek 34.11 +0.42 4 10 i Wataru Morishige 34.26 +0.57 5 9 o Bjørn Magnussen 34.28 +0.59 6 5 o Stefan Westenbroek 34.41 +0.72 7 3 o Cho Sang-hyeok 34.45 +0.76 8 11 o Kim Jun-ho 34.49 +0.80 9 11 i Yuma Murakami 34.555 +0.86 10 4 o Håvard Holmefjord Lorentzen 34.556 +0.86 11 5 i Cooper McLeod 34.56 +0.87 12 4 i Jenning de Boo 34.57 +0.88 13 7 i David Bosa 34.58 +0.89 14 6 o Marten Liiv 34.626 +0.93 15 8 i Janno Botman 34.628 +0.93 16 7 o Piotr Michalski 34.63 +0.94 17 2 o Yankun Zhao 34.65 +0.96 18 1 o Du Haonan 34.665 +0.97 18 8 o Marek Kania 34.665 +0.97 20 3 i Zach Stoppelmoor 34.70 +1.01 21 10 o Tatsuya Shinhama 34.77 +1.08 22 2 i Deng Zhihan 34.80 +1.11 23 6 i Nil Llop 34.82 +1.13 24 1 i Kim Tae-yun 34.89 +1.20"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships – Women's 500 metres"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Women's 500 metres''' competition at the 2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships was held on February 16, 2024."
],
[
"Results",
"The race was started at 13:42.Rank Pair Lane Name Country Time Diff 12 o Femke Kok 36.83 11 o Kim Min-sun 37.19 +0.36 12 i Kimi Goetz 37.21 +0.38 4 7 o Tian Ruining 37.24 +0.41 5 10 i Erin Jackson 37.25 +0.42 6 5 i Jutta Leerdam 37.42 +0.59 7 9 i Lee Na-hyun 37.49 +0.66 8 10 o Marrit Fledderus 37.614 +0.78 9 9 o Andżelika Wójcik 37.617 +0.78 10 11 i Kurumi Inagawa 37.68 +0.85 11 6 o Vanessa Herzog 37.69 +0.86 12 5 o Serena Pergher 37.80 +0.97 13 8 o Yukino Yoshida 38.10 +1.27 14 6 i Karolina Bosiek 38.15 +1.32 15 7 i Rio Yamada 38.19 +1.36 16 4 o Martyna Baran 38.21 +1.38 17 4 i Pei Chong 38.24 +1.41 18 3 o Martine Ripsrud 38.293 +1.46 19 3 i Yekaterina Aydova 38.299 +1.46 20 8 i Carolina Hiller 38.30 +1.47 21 1 i Ellia Smeding 38.65 +1.82 22 1 o Chen Ying-chu 38.69 +1.86 23 2 o Heather Carruthers 38.71 +1.88 24 2 i Kim Min-ji 41.00 +4.17"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Dillian Whyte vs Joseph Parker"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Dillian Whyte vs. Joseph Parker''', was a professional boxing match contested on 28 July 2018, for the WBC Silver and WBO International heavyweight titles."
],
[
"Background",
"Since his WBC title eliminator victory over bitter rival Derek Chisora in December 2016, Dillian Whyte had fought Malcolm Tann (replacing first Mariusz Wach then Michael Grant) Robert Helenius (after talks with Dominic Breazeale broke down) and Lucas Browne.",
"On 24 April 2018, the WBC ordered Whyte to face Luis Ortiz in an eliminator bout for their heavyweight champion, Deontay Wilder.",
"Whyte stated that he felt 'betrayed' by this decision as he thought he was already in line to challenge Wilder next, given his number 1 ranking and WBC Silver belt.",
"The WBC made number 2 ranked Dominic Breazeale the mandatory challenger, although they previously confirmed his win over Eric Molina was not a final eliminator.",
"Whyte stated, if anything, the WBC should order Whyte vs. Breazeale as a final eliminator.",
"Promoter Eddie Hearn was also puzzled by the decision.",
"At the same time, the IBF also ordered Whyte to fight former world title challenger Kubrat Pulev.Although it was heavily rumoured that Whyte would face Luis Ortiz in a WBC final eliminator, on 7 June, it was confirmed that Whyte would instead fight former WBO heavyweight champion Joseph Parker, who had just became the boxer to last the full 12 rounds with Anthony Joshua.",
"Parker had previously been linked with Alexander Ustinov and Bryant Jennings.Although there was some criticism to the bout being on PPV the fight itself was praised by fans for the match up."
],
[
"The fight",
"===Chisora vs. Takam===Just before the main event in the chief support, Derek Chisora defeated former world title challenger Carlos Takam via 8th-round TKO, setting up a potential rematch with Whyte later in the year.===Main Event===In the 2nd round Parker was sent down by a headbutt that was ruled a knockdown.",
"After that Whyte largely controlled the bout with his powerful jab, which kept Parker on the back foot.",
"Most of the middle rounds were mostly back and forth action with both fighters having success.",
"After round six, Whyte began to show fatigue.",
"This did not prevent him from carrying on going forward and trying to land big shots as Parker was wary of Whyte's power.",
"A chopping left hand from Whyte sent Parker down again in the 9th.",
"Whyte also started using roughhouse tactics after the first few rounds.",
"This included rabbit punches, head-butting, holding and hitting and pushing Parker over the ropes.",
"He was warned once earlier in the fight and then warned again in the final rounds, however no points were deducted.",
"Parker took over in the final rounds but was unable to put Whyte away.",
"A tiring Whyte was knocked down after some quick right hands in the 12th and final round, but he was able to survive the last 20 seconds to the final bell.",
"All three judges scored the bout for Whyte with scores of 113–111, 115–110 & 114–111."
],
[
"Aftermath",
"Speaking to Sky Sports after the fight, Whyte gave Parker credit, \"He was slick and I knew he was going to fight for the first few rounds, then come back in the final few rounds.",
"I am annoyed I slipped at the final hurdle in the last round.",
"I was rocked and took a few.\"",
"Whyte stated he would take another fight before the end of 2018 and ready for Anthony Joshua in April 2019, \"I would like to fight Joshua again if he wants it.",
"I've still got a lot to learn, so I would like to get one more in before him again.\"",
"Parker had no complaints and humble in defeat, \"I gave it my best; the better man and I will come back stronger.\"",
"Parker's trainer Kevin Barry was very vocal after the fight regarding Whyte's rough tactics, claiming he should have had points taken off.In the post-fight press conference, Hearn spoke of Whyte's next potential fights.",
"Derek Chisora was mentioned, however Whyte stated he was not interested as he 'had bigger fish to fry'.",
"Hearn revealed he would offer Wilder in the region of £6 million ($8m US) to fight Whyte in New York.",
"WBA (Regular) champion Manuel Charr and Luis Ortiz were also mentioned.Ultimately Whyte agreed to face Chisora in December 2018."
],
[
"Undercard",
"Confirmed bouts:"
],
[
"Broadcasting",
" Country Broadcaster Main Event Cable Onda Sports Sky Sports"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships – Men's mass start"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Men's mass start''' competition at the 2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships was held February 17, 2024."
],
[
"Results",
"===Semi-finals===The first eight racers from each semifinal advance to the final.====Semi-final 1====The race was started at 13:18.Rank Name Country Points Time Notes 1 Shomu Sasaki 65 8:08.69 2 Bart Swings 46 8:08.91 3 Jake Weidemann 24 8:14.82 4 Livio Wenger 10 8:27.80 5 Gabriel Odor 6 8:27.98 6 Andrea Giovannini 3 8:28.01 7 Timothy Loubineaud 3 8:29.80 8 Ethan Cepuran 8:28.09 9 Allan Dahl Johansson 8:28.12 10 Marcel Bosker 8:28.90 11 Fridtjof Petzold 8:31.47 12 Lee Seung-hoon 8:33.97 ====Semi-final 2====The race was started at 13:32.Rank Name Country Points Time Notes 1 Felix Maly 62 7:55.22 2 Peter Michael 46 7:55.22 3 Bart Hoolwerf 22 8:20.26 4 Mathieu Belloir 10 8:20.35 5 Antoine Gélinas-Beaulieu 9 8:20.46 6 Chung Jae-won 3 8:20.57 7 Conor McDermott-Mostowy 1 7:42.69 8 Daniele Di Stefano 1:52.50 – Artur Janicki DisqualifiedKristian Gamme Ulekleiv Kota Kikuchi Vitaliy Chshigolev ===Final===The race was started at 16:05.Rank Name Country Points Time Bart Swings 63 8:40.67 Antoine Gélinas-Beaulieu 40 8:40.70 Livio Wenger 20 8:40.77 4 Andrea Giovannini 11 8:41.16 5 Bart Hoolwerf 6 8:42.30 6 Peter Michael 5 8:46.92 7 Daniele Di Stefano 4 8:42.43 8 Gabriel Odor 3 8:24.29 9 Mathieu Belloir 3 8:30.60 10 Felix Maly 2 8:47.45 11 Chung Jae-won 8:43.09 12 Ethan Cepuran 8:43.38 13 Timothy Loubineaud 8:43.40 14 Conor McDermott-Mostowy 8:55.66 15 Jake Weidemann 8:53.06 16 Shomu Sasaki 7:52.89"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships – Women's mass start"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Women's mass start''' competition at the 2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships was held February 17, 2024."
],
[
"Results",
"===Semi-finals===The first eight racers from each semifinal advanced to the final.====Semi-final 1====The race was started at 12:30.Rank Name Country Points Time Notes 1 Marijke Groenewoud 61 8:50.27 2 Mia Manganello 41 8:50.47 3 Yang Binyu 20 8:50.48 4 Sumire Kikuchi 10 8:50.65 5 Laura Peveri 9 8:51.07 6 Valerie Maltais 8 8:51.34 7 Sofie Karoline Haugen 3 8:55.05 8 Sandrine Tas 2 8:52.51 9 Michelle Uhrig 2 8:55.76 10 Kaitlyn McGregor 1 8:52.78 11 Lucie Korvasová 8:54.13 12 Olga Piotrowska 8:15.77 ====Semi-final 2====The race was started at 12:50.Rank Name Country Points Time Notes 1 Ivanie Blondin 64 8:58.13 2 Irene Schouten 46 8:58.15 3 Park Ji-woo 20 8:58.31 4 Jin Wenjing 11 8:58.34 5 Yuka Takahashi 6 8:58.44 6 Ramona Härdi 5 8:58.69 7 Laura Lorenzato 3 8:58.94 8 Fran Vanhoutte 2 9:01.65 9 Giorgia Birkeland 8:59.67 10 Josephine Heimerl 9:00.49 11 Zuzana Kuršová 9:01.83 12 Magdalena Czyszczoń 9:24.71 ===Final===The final was started at 15:44.Rank Name Country Points Time Irene Schouten 60 8:23.71 Ivanie Blondin 42 8:23.81 Marijke Groenewoud 21 8:24.01 4 Yang Binyu 10 8:24.06 5 Laura Peveri 6 8:24.37 6 Laura Lorenzato 6 8:44.23 7 Ramona Härdi 4 8:28.94 8 Mia Manganello 3 8:24.56 9 Sandrine Tas 3 8:25.32 10 Yuka Takahashi 1 8:26.53 11 Park Ji-woo 1 8:32.15 12 Fran Vanhoutte 8:26.20 13 Sumire Kikuchi 8:26.26 14 Jin Wenjing 8:36.13 15 Sofie Karoline Haugen 8:36.85 16 Valerie Maltais 8:54.02"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships – Women's 1000 metres"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Women's 1000 metres''' competition at the 2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships was held on February 17, 2024."
],
[
"Results",
"The race was started at 14:03.Rank Pair Lane Name Country Time Diff 10 i Miho Takagi 1:12.83 10 o Han Mei 1:13.27 +0.44 12 o Jutta Leerdam 1:13.28 +0.45 4 8 i Antoinette Rijpma-de Jong 1:13.61 +0.78 5 11 i Kimi Goetz 1:13.68 +0.85 6 5 o Isabel Grevelt 1:13.92 +1.09 7 6 i Vanessa Herzog 1:14.27 +1.44 8 6 o Kim Min-sun 1:14.38 +1.55 9 7 o Ellia Smeding 1:14.78 +1.95 10 3 o Tian Ruining 1:14.82 +1.99 11 11 o Brittany Bowe 1:14.84 +2.01 12 12 i Rio Yamada 1:15.17 +2.34 13 7 i Alina Dauranova 1:15.24 +2.41 14 9 i Yekaterina Aidova 1:15.29 +2.46 15 5 i Erin Jackson 1:15.69 +2.86 16 4 o Maddison Pearman 1:15.95 +3.12 17 8 o Lee Na-hyun 1:15.97 +3.14 18 1 i Kurumi Inagawa 1:15.98 +3.15 19 9 o Karolina Bosiek 1:16.10 +3.27 20 4 i Isabelle van Elst 1:16.22 +3.39 21 3 i Martine Ripsrud 1:16.81 +3.98 22 2 i Pei Chong 1:17.03 +4.20 23 2 o Alison Desmarais 1:17.84 +5.01 24 1 o Inessa Shumekova 1:18.57 +5.74"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships – Men's 1000 metres"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Men's 1000 metres''' competition at the 2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships was held on February 17, 2024."
],
[
"Results",
"The race was started at 14:48.Rank Pair Lane Name Country Time Diff 12 o Jordan Stolz 1:06.05 10 o Ning Zhongyan 1:06.53 +0.48 9 o Kjeld Nuis 1:06.80 +0.75 4 3 o Laurent Dubreuil 1:07.04 +0.99 5 12 i Tim Prins 1:07.16 +1.11 6 10 i Tatsuya Shinhama 1:07.34 +1.29 7 8 i Damian Żurek 1:07.44 +1.39 8 6 o Ryota Kojima 1:07.47 +1.42 9 11 i Marten Liiv 1:07.53(1) +1.48 10 7 o David Bosa 1:07.53(5) +1.48 11 7 i Taiyo Nonomura 1:07.54 +1.49 12 3 i Piotr Michalski 1:07.58 +1.53 13 9 i Hendrik Dombek 1:07.63 +1.58 14 11 o Håvard Holmefjord Lorentzen 1:07.66 +1.61 15 8 o Moritz Klein 1:07.74 +1.69 16 4 i Jenning de Boo 1:07.89 +1.84 17 5 o Cooper McLeod 1:08.09 +2.04 18 1 o Mathias Vosté 1:08.11 +2.06 19 6 i Connor Howe 1:08.32 +2.27 20 1 i Cho Sang-hyeok 1:08.38 +2.33 21 5 i Vincent De Haître 1:08.43 +2.38 22 2 o Kim Tae-yun 1:08.52 +2.47 23 2 i Bjørn Magnussen 1:08.61 +2.56 24 4 o Conor McDermott-Mostowy 1:08.99 +2.94"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 World Athletics Continental Tour"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 World Athletics Continental Tour''', also known as the '''2024 Continental Tour''', is the 5th season of the annual series of outdoor track and field meetings organised by World Athletics.",
"The Tour forms the second tier of international one-day meetings after the 2024 Diamond League.The Continental Tour was divided into four levels – Gold, Silver, Bronze and Challenger – each of which have different levels of competition and different prize offerings.The 2024 Tour will be used by some athletes as a chance to secure World Athletics Rankings points used to qualify for athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics."
],
[
"Schedule",
" Date Meeting Venue Country '''Gold Level Meetings''' (12) Maurie Plant Meet Melbourne Botswana Golden Grand Prix Gaborone Kip Keino Classic Nairobi USATF Los Angeles Grand Prix Los Angeles, CA Seiko Golden Grand Prix Tokyo Ostrava Golden Spike Ostrava USATF New York City Grand Prix New York, NY Paavo Nurmi Games Turku Irena Szewinska Memorial Bydgoszcz FBK Games Hengelo Gyulai István Memorial - Hungarian Athletics Grand Prix Székesfehérvár Memorial Borisa Hanžekovića Zagreb '''Silver Level Meetings''' (33) The TEN San Juan Capistrano, CA MTN CHAMPS Continental Relays Ibadan Grand Prix International CAA de Douala Douala Drake Relays Des Moines, IA The Penn Relay Carnival Philadelphia, PA Jamaica International Invitational Kingston MoC Grand Prix Lagos Dromia International Sprint and Relays Meeting Vari ORLEN Janusz Kusocinski Memorial Chorzów Night of the 10,000m PBs London Internationales Pfingstsportfest Rehlingen Rehlingen GRAND SLAM - Jerusalem Jerusalem International Marseille Meeting Marseille Raiffeisen AUSTRIAN OPEN Eisenstadt Eisenstadt Trond Mohn Games Bergen P-T-S meeting Banská Bystrica Meeting Stanislas Nancy Tomblaine Racers Grand Prix Kingston Edmonton Athletics Invitational Edmonton Harry Jerome Track Classic Burnaby Fly Olympia Olympia Filothei Women Gala Athens Meeting Madrid Madrid Brněnská Laťka Olympia Brno Motonet GP Kuortane Kuortane Czesław Cybulski Memorial Poznan Piraeus Street Long Jump Piraeus Meeting International Sotteville Sotteville-lès-Rouen Spitzen Leichtathletik Luzern Luzern ISTAF Berlin Berlin Palio Città della Quercia Rovereto Galà dei Castelli Bellinzona MoC Athletics Challenge Final Uyo '''Bronze Level Meetings''' (70) Adelaide Invitational Adelaide Melbourne Invitational Melbourne International Track Meet Christchurch Sir Graeme Douglas Memorial Track Classic Auckland Felix Sanchez Classic Bayaguana The Hero Athens Meeting Iberoamericano Huelva Huelva Shizuoka International Athletics Meet Fukuroi UAE Athletics Grand Prix Dubai Ročník Hvězdného Házení Domažlice Hylo Javelin Meeting Offenburg 'Filathlitikos Kallitheas ' International Jumping Meeting Kallithea, Athina Cyprus International Athletics Meeting Limassol Liese Prokop Memorial St. Pölten Meeting Jaén Paraiso Interior Andújar Meeting de la Martinique Fort-de-France Meeting International Montgeron-Essonne Montgeron Míting Internacional Ciutat de Barcelona Barcelona Venizeleia-Chania International Meeting Chania Kladno hází a Kladenské Memoriály Kladno Memoriał płk.",
"Wiesława Kiryka Oleśnica G. Arzumanov Memorial Tashkent Jõhvi - Heino Lipp Memorial Jõhvi 1500m Elite Jessheim Jessheim Anhalt - Internationales Leichtathletik Meeting Dessau GBS BANK Gorzów Meeting Gorzów Wielkopolski Hallesche Werfertage Halle IFAM Outdoor Bruxelles Hungarian GP Series - Budapest Budapest Meeting International de Forbach Forbach Opolski Festiwal Skoków Opole True Athletes Classics Leverkusen Pärnu beach stadium meeting Pärnu Royal City Inferno Track and Field Festival Guelph Lisek w domu - International Pole Vault Meeting Duszniki MoC Invitational Lagos Oceania Invitational Suva Taiwan Athletics Open Taipei City Josef Odlozil Memorial Praha Meeting Nikaia Nice Night of Athletics Heusden-Zolder Folksam GP Sollentuna Sollentuna Meeting International d'Athlétisme de Troyes Aube Troyes Boysen Memorial Oslo XIX Reunión Internacional Villa de Bilbao Bilbao Meeting International d'Athlétisme de la Province de Liège Liège Meeting International de Montreuil Montreuil Continental Tour Memorial Alex Quiñonez Quito Tallinn Tallinn La Classique d'athlétisme de Montréal Montréal Atleticageneve - EAP Genève Toulouse Capitole Perche Toulouse XXXIII Qosanov Memorial Almaty Folksam Grand Prix Karlstad Karlstad Cork City Sports Cork Morton Games Dublin Grand Prix Nove Mesto nad Metuji Nové Město nad Metují Moore-Guldensporenmeeting Kortrijk Internationales Hochsprungmeeting Heilbronn Heilbronn Meeting Sport e Solidarietà Lignano Lignano Sabbiadoro Schönebecker Solecup Schönebeck Internationaler Thumer Werfertag Thum Golden Sand Miedzyzdroje Tampere Motonet GP Tampere International Wiesław Maniak Memorial Szczecin Hungarian GP Series - Nyíregyháza Nyíregyháza Memorial Zbigniewa Ludwichowskiego Olsztyn International Meeting Città di Padova Padova Copenhagen Athletics Games Copenhagen Gran Milan Athletic Gala Milano '''Challenger Level Meetings''' (106) Potts Classic Hastings Cooks Classic Whanganui Capital Classic Wellington 10,000 m Challenge Tel Aviv MTN CHAMPS Athletics Classics Asaba Canberra Track Classic Canberra MTN CHAMPS Athletics Gala Kaduna Spring Break Classic Carolina Velocity Fest 14 Kingston ASA Athletics Grand Prix 2 / Continental Tour Challenger Potchefstroom Sydney Track Classic Sydney Albie Thomas Mile Bankstown, Sydney ASA Athletics Grand Prix 3 / Continental Tour Challenger Johannesburg Hyogo Relay Carnival Kobe Velocity Fest 15 Kingston Oda Mikio Memorial Hiroshima Meeting National Est Lyonnais Decines Internationales thallos Läufermeeting Pliezhausen Alexandrino Meeting - Georgios Pantos Memorial Alexandria Jump&Fly Hechingen Tag der Überflieger Essen Memorial Matica Šuštaršiča in Patrika Cvetana Kranj Internationales Hochsprungmeeting Berlin Belfast Irish Milers Meet In Association with Tripadvisor Belfast Puma Nitro Lange Laufnacht Karlsruhe Horst Mandl Memorial Graz Papaflessia Kalamata Savona International Meeting Savona Spåret5000m Stockholm Meeting National de Carquefou Carquefou Meeting National de Seine et Mar Fontainebleau Memorial Jose Luis Hernandez Pamplona International Athletics Meeting Slovenska Bistrica Slovenska Bistrica Pfingstmeeting Zofingen B&S Kurpfalz Gala Weinheim Weinheim Meeting Cidade de Lisboa Lisboa Next Generation Athletics Nijmegen PUMA Fast Arms Fast Legs Wetzlar Lucca International Meeting Lucca Susanne Meier Memorial Basel Grand Prix Gliwice Gliwice Mednarodni Atletski Miting Ptuj in Memorial Roberta Preloga Ptuj Desafio Nerja Nerja Motonet GP Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Grifone Meeting Castiglione della Pescaia Internationales Marktplatzspringen Recklinghausen Recklinghausen Meeting Toulon Provence Méditérranée Toulon Motonet GP Lahti Lahti British Milers Club Grand Prix Manchester Meeting EAP Annecy Annecy Meeting Meilen Meilen Sparkassen Gala Regensburg Bob Vigars Classic London Touch the Clouds Festival Gräfelfing EAP Malta International Marsa Meeting de Limoges Limoges Atletica 2000 Meeting San Vito al Tagliamento Johnny Loaring Classic Windsor Mityng na Rynku w Białymstoku Białystok Busan International Pole Vault Meeting Busan British Milers Club Grand Prix Watford Mednarodni miting Novo mesto Novo Mesto Heitjate seeriavõistluste Viimsi Gala Tallinn Meeting Amiens Métrropole Amiens Janusz Sidlo Memorial Sopot Meeting International EAP de Nivelles Nivelles International Athletics Meeting Maribor and Memorial of Iztok Ciglarič Maribor Meeting Internazionale Città di Nembro Nembro Athletics Meeting \"Kostas Spanidis\" Thessaloniki British Milers Club Grand Prix Loughborough Meeting Internacional Terra de Volcans Olot Meeting of Braga Braga Putbos Memorial Léon Buyle VS Flanders Cup Meeting Oordegem Triveneto Meeting Internazionale Trieste VIII Ordizia Meeting - International Meeting Jose Antonio Peña Ordizia Bottnarydskastet Bottnaryd MoC Relays Benin City British Milers Club Grand Prix Birmingham FAST5000 Maisons-Laffitte Meeting Maia Cidade do Desporto Maia Ottawa Lions Presents The CTFL Final Ottawa WA Continental Tour Challenger - Loughborough EAP Loughborough International Pole vault Meeting Rottach-Egern Internationales LAZ Meeting/Rhede Rhede Resisprint La Chaux-de-Fonds La Chaux-de-Fonds Meeting Arcobaleno EAP AtleticaEuropa Celle Ligure Motonet GP Lappeenranta Lappeenranta Internationales Hofer Sparkassen Stabhochsprung-Meeting Hof Motonet GP Joensuu Joensuu Tyczka na Molo Sopot Meeting voor Mon Leuven British Milers Club Grand Prix Manchester St. Wendeler City Jump St. Wendel Sky's the Limit Zweibrücken BMW L. Louyet Meeting Huizingen Internationales Nordthüringer Leichtathletikmeeting Sondershausen Motonet GP - Oulu Oulu Internationales Stuttgarter Leichtathletik-Meeting Stuttgart Gothenburg Athletics Grand Prix Göteborg The Monument Mile Classic Stirling Velka Cena Tabora Tábor Mityng Ambasadorów Białostockiego Sportu Białystok Stadioneröffnung Dresden Dresden Bannister Invitational Göteborg International Pole Vault Meeting for Woman Beckum NetAachen Domspringen Aachen"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships – Men's 1500 metres"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Men's 1500 metres''' competition at the 2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships was held on February 18, 2024."
],
[
"Results",
"The race was started at 16:04.Rank Pair Lane Name Country Time Diff 10 i Jordan Stolz 1:41.44 5 i Kjeld Nuis 1:42.66(1) +1.22 10 o Peder Kongshaug 1:42.66(7) +1.22 4 11 i Ning Zhongyan 1:42.77 +1.33 5 2 o Daniele Di Stefano 1:43.99 +2.55 6 11 o Wesly Dijs 1:44.02 +2.58 7 6 i Emery Lehman 1:44.14 +2.70 8 7 i Alessio Trentini 1:44.15 +2.71 9 9 o Sander Eitrem 1:44.25 +2.81 10 8 i Hendrik Dombek 1:44.28 +2.84 11 2 i Stefan Emele 1:44.41 +2.97 12 12 i Connor Howe 1:44.54 +3.10 13 12 o Patrick Roest 1:44.59 +3.15 14 1 i Mathias Vosté 1:44.65 +3.21 15 3 i An Hyun-jun 1:44.93 +3.49 16 6 o Antoine Gélinas-Beaulieu 1:45.20 +3.76 17 9 i Kazuya Yamada 1:45.76 +4.32 18 8 o Taiyo Nonomura 1:45.90 +4.46 19 4 i Vincent De Haître 1:45.93 +4.49 20 3 o Conor McDermott-Mostowy 1:45.97 +4.53 21 1 o Gabriel Odor 1:46.10 +4.66 22 4 o Sun Chuanyi 1:46.83 +5.39 23 7 o Seitaro Ichinohe 1:47.46 +6.02 24 5 o Chung Jae-won 1:48.64 +7.20"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships – Women's 1500 metres"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Women's 1500 metres''' competition at the 2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships was held on February 18, 2024."
],
[
"Results",
"The race was started at 15:08.Rank Pair Lane Name Country Time Diff 11 i Miho Takagi 1:52.29 11 o Han Mei 1:52.72 +0.43 12 i Joy Beune 1:52.91 +0.62 4 8 o Antoinette Rijpma-de Jong 1:53.27 +0.98 5 7 o Ayano Sato 1:53.29 +1.00 6 10 o Ivanie Blondin 1:53.41 +1.12 7 9 o Kimi Goetz 1:53.98 +1.69 8 12 o Marijke Groenewoud 1:54.59 +2.30 9 7 i Kaitlyn McGregor 1:54.91 +2.62 10 8 i Valérie Maltais 1:54.99 +2.70 11 10 i Brittany Bowe 1:55.73 +3.44 12 4 i Mia Manganello 1:55.78 +3.49 13 5 i Ellia Smeding 1:55.83 +3.54 14 9 i Ragne Wiklund 1:56.16 +3.87 15 4 o Abigail McCluskey 1:56.28 +3.99 16 5 o Sumire Kikuchi 1:56.48 +4.19 17 6 o Isabelle van Elst 1:56.96 +4.67 18 2 i Tian Ruining 1:57.32 +5.03 19 2 o Natalia Jabrzyk 1:57.42 +5.13 20 3 i Kang Soo-min 1:57.43 +5.14 21 1 o Yekaterina Aidova 1:57.62 +5.33 22 3 o Sandrine Tas 1:57.82 +5.53 23 1 i Laura Peveri 1:58.49 +6.20 24 6 i Yang Binyu 1:59.28 +6.99"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Principality of Pronsk"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Principality of Pronsk''' () was an appanage principality of the Principality of Ryazan.",
"It existed from the 12th to 15th centuries with its center at Pronsk."
],
[
"History",
"The Principality of Pronsk existed as an appanage principality of the Principality of Ryazan and frequently changed hands between the different branches of the Ryazan sub-dynasty of Rurikids.In 1427, the prince of Pronsk, Ivan Vladimirovich, went into Lithuanian service.",
"The Pronsk principality was annexed to the Ryazan principality in 1483 during the regency of Anna of Ryazan, following frequent visits to her brother Ivan III in Moscow and with his agreement.",
"In the early 16th century, the princes of Pronsk went into the service of Ivan III, the grand prince of Moscow.",
"The appanages of Ryazan along with a third of its territory were passed to him in 1503 following the death of the appanage prince Fyodor Vasilyevich, his nephew, and were incorporated into the centralized Russian state.Following another war with Lithuania, a truce was concluded on 25 March 1503 between Ivan III and Alexander Jagiellon of Lithuania.",
"Alexander recognized Ivan III's conquests, and his control of lands including Moscow, Novgorod, Ryazan, Pskov, Pronsk, and others, while Chernigov, Starodub, and 17 other cities were ceded to Moscow.",
"The treaty was signed in the name of Ivan III, ''sovereign of all Russia'', his son Vasily II, and the rest of his children."
],
[
"List of princes",
"From 1129, the princes of Pronsk descended from the Sviatoslavichi branch of Rurikids in Chernigov:* Rostislav Yaroslavich (1129–1143)* Davyd Sviatoslavich (1143–1147)* Roman Glebovich (?–1177)* Vladimir Glebovich (1180–1186)* Vsevolod Glebovich (1180–1207)* Sviatoslav Glebovich (1180–1207)* Gleb Vladimirovich (1207–1217)* Mikhail Vsevolodovich (1207–1217)* Vsevolod Mikhailovich (1217–1237)* Yaroslav Romanovich (1270–1294)* Konstantin Romanovich (1294–1299)* Ivan Yaroslavich (1299–1308)* Aleksandr Mikhailovich (?–1339)* Yaroslav-Dmitry Aleksandrovich (1340–1342)* Vasily Aleksandrovich (1342–1344)* Ivan Aleksandrovich (1344–1351)* Vladimir Dmitrievich (?–1372)* Danila Vladimirovich (1372–1378)* Ivan Vladimirovich (1378–1430)"
],
[
"See also",
"* Family tree of Russian monarchs"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships – Women's 5000 metres"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Women's 5000 metres''' competition at the 2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships was held on February 18, 2024."
],
[
"Results",
"The race was started at 12:00.Rank Pair Lane Name Country Time Diff 5 i Joy Beune 6:47.72 4 i Irene Schouten 6:48.98 +1.26 4 o Martina Sáblíková 6:51.88 +4.16 4 5 o Ragne Wiklund 6:52.46 +4.74 5 1 o Isabelle Weidemann 6:55.47 +7.75 6 6 i Valérie Maltais 7:02.61 +14.89 7 6 o Yang Binyu 7:03.74 +16.02 8 2 i Laura Lorenzato 7:04.53 +16.81 9 1 i Momoka Horikawa 7:04.57 +16.85 10 3 i Jin Wenjing 7:08.75 +21.03 11 2 o Sofie Karoline Haugen 7:16.71 +28.99 12 3 o Josie Hofmann 7:16.80 +29.08"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships – Men's 10000 metres"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Men's 10000 metres''' competition at the 2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships was held on February 18, 2024."
],
[
"Results",
"The race was started at 13:07.Rank Pair Lane Name Country Time Diff 6 o Davide Ghiotto 12:38.82 4 i Ted-Jan Bloemen 12:47.01 +8.19 2 o Graeme Fish 12:48.61 +9.79 4 5 i Patrick Roest 12:50.32 +11.50 5 4 o Jorrit Bergsma 12:50.91 +12.09 6 1 i Sander Eitrem 13:01.71 +22.89 7 3 i Wu Yu 13:06.93 +28.11 8 5 o Michele Malfatti 13:07.01 +28.19 9 6 i Bart Swings 13:07.45 +28.63 10 1 o Casey Dawson 13:08.35 +29.53 11 2 i Riku Tsuchiya 13:27.84 +49.02 12 3 o Wang Shuaihan 14:01.72"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2023 Davis Cup Africa Zone Group V"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Africa Zone''' was the unique zone within Group 5 of the regional Davis Cup competition in 2023.The zone's competition was held in round robin format in Kinshasa, DR Congo from 21 to 24 June 2023."
],
[
"Participating nations"
],
[
"Draw",
"Date: 21–24 June 2023Location: Cercle de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR Congo (Clay)Format: Round-robin basis.",
"Four pools of three teams and nations will play each team once in their pool.",
"Nations finishing first of each pool will enter promotional play-offs, with the first of Pool A facing the first of Pool D and the first of Pool B facing the first of Pool C, and the two winners will be promoted to Africa Zone Group IV in 2024.===Seeding===Pot NationRank1Seed123*1Davis Cup Rankings as of ===Round Robin=======Pool A========Pool B========Pool C========Pool D====''Standings are determined by: 1.number of wins; 2.number of matches; 3.in two-team ties, head-to-head records; 4.in three-team ties, (a) percentage of sets won (head-to-head records if two teams remain tied), then (b) percentage of games won (head-to-head records if two teams remain tied), then (c) Davis Cup rankings.",
"''===Playoffs===PlacingA TeamScoreB TeamPromotional 1–2 ''''''Promotional 0–2 ''''''Fifth 0–2 ''''''Seventh '''''' 2–1 Ninth 0–2 ''''''Eleventh 0–2 ''''''*'''''' and '''''' were promoted to 2024 Davis Cup Africa Zone Group IV."
],
[
"Round Robin",
"===Pool A=======Djibouti vs. Tanzania========Gabon vs. Tanzania========Gabon vs. Djibouti=======Pool B=======Madagascar vs. Lesotho========Uganda vs. Lesotho========Uganda vs. Madagascar=======Pool C=======DR Congo vs. Ethiopia========Mauritius vs. Ethiopia========Mauritius vs. DR Congo=======Pool D=======Seychelles vs. Burundi========Congo vs. Burundi========Congo vs. Seychelles===="
],
[
"Play-offs",
"===Promotional play-offs=======Madagascar vs. DR Congo========Gabon vs. Burundi=======Fifth place play-off=======Tanzania vs. Congo=======Seventh place play-off=======Lesotho vs. Ethiopia=======Ninth place play-off=======Uganda vs. Mauritius=======Eleventh place play-off=======Djibouti vs. Seychelles===="
],
[
"Final placements",
"'''Placing''''''Teams''''''Promoted/First''''''''''''''''''Third''''''Fifth''''''Sixth''''''Seventh''''''Eighth''''''Ninth''''''Tenth''''''Eleventh''''''Twelfth'''*'''''' and '''''' were promoted to 2024 Davis Cup Africa Zone Group IV."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Official Website"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Hard Truths"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Hard Truths''''' is an upcoming 2024 drama film written and directed by Mike Leigh, starring Marianne Jean-Baptiste, who had previously collaborated with Leigh in ''Secrets & Lies,'' and Michele Austin.",
"The film is set to be released in 2024.It is Leigh's first film set in contemporary times since ''Another Year'' in 2010."
],
[
"Cast",
"* Marianne Jean-Baptiste* Michele Austin"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Alvania pukeuriensis"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Alvania pukeuriensis''''' is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae."
],
[
"Description",
"The length of this species attains 2.5 mm, its diameter 1.2 mm.",
"(Original description) The shell is moderately large for the genus, elongated, clathrately sculptured, rather thin, and imperforate.",
"The protoconch consists of 2 smooth and shining lowly-convex whorls, with a minute nucleus, swelling rapidly, sharply marked off from the sculptured whorls.",
"The whorls of the teleoconch number nearly 4.They are convex, the body whorl regularly and gently rounded.",
"There are four thin spirals per whorl, the interstices many times their width.",
"The spirals are equidistant, but show a wider concave space between the first one and suture above.",
"Another strong spiral emerges on the base from the suture-line, and 4 weaker but similar spirals cross remainder of the base, the lowest often obsolete.",
"The axials begin at same time as the spirals and are narrow, sharp, and distant, the interstices variable but about two to three times their width.",
"The axials number about 18 on the body whorl, very soon dying out below fifth spiral, so that remaining basal spirals are much less crenulated than the others.",
"Points of intersection on higher spirals slightly raised into elongated and rather sharp tubercles.",
"The spire measures about twice height of the aperture, outlines nearly straight, but the body whorl turns slightly upwards near the aperture which is thus thrown forward basally and axis of shell seems curved.",
"The suture is well impressed.",
"The aperture is ovate, oblique, projecting basally.",
"The peristome is continuous.",
"The outer lip shows a sharp edge but is considerably thickened just previously by a strong varix.",
"The arcuate columella slightly oblique.",
"The inner lip projects prominently as a sharp edge, producing a shallow umbilical chink, surrounded by a very blunt and low basal carina."
],
[
"Distribution",
"Fossils of this marine species were found in Tertiary strata in the Lower Waihao Basin, South Canterbury, New Zealand"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Kendi Ntwiga"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Kendi Ntwiga''' (born 30 May 1980), is a Kenyan business executive.Since October 2023, Ntwiga has served as the Global Head for Actor Solutions at Meta Platforms based in Dublin, Ireland.",
"Prior to that appointment, she was the Global Head of Misrepresentation at the same company since May 2022.In 2015, Ntwiga founded SheGoesTech, an initiative started in Kenya with the aim of encouraging women to pursue a career in STEM.",
"She has served on the boards of Mercy Corps (since July 2021) and KCB Group.From 2005 to 2022, Kendi held various senior positions for international technology companies based in Africa.",
"She served as Country Director for Microsoft in Kenya from January 2020 to April 2022, and as East and North Africa Regional Director at Check Point between 2017 and 2019.Starting in 2011, she served for 5 years at Oracle Corporation in Kenya, as the director responsible for their East and Southern Africa market.",
"Between 2008 and 2011, Ntwiga was a manager at HP, responsible for software sales in East Africa."
],
[
"Early life and education",
"Kendi was born in Kenya on May 30, 1980.She joined Technical University of Kenya prior to attending Africa Nazarene University, where she graduated with a bachelor's degree in international business management in 2014.In 2019, she obtained certificates in Babson College's Entrepreneurial Leadership Program."
],
[
"Career",
"From 2005 to 2008, Kendi served as the manager responsible for business development at Paynet Group (which was acquired by Interswitch in 2014).",
"Subsequently, she was appointed manager responsible for software sales in East Africa at HP Inc until July 2011.In August of the same year she joined Oracle Corporation, serving in their Nairobi, Kenya location as a manager responsible for East and Southern Africa market.",
"Kendi occupied this position for 5 years until August 2016.In May 2017, Kendi was appointed East and North Africa Regional Manager at Check Point.",
"She served this position until July 2019, when she was promoted within the company to become the General Manager of the East, West, and Central Africa cluster.",
"In January 2020, she joined Microsoft to serve as the country director for Kenya, a position she occupied until April 2022.In May of that year, Kendi joined Meta Platforms, in Ireland, to serve as global head responsible for misrepresentation.",
"The position she left when she was appointed as global head responsible for actor solutions based in Dublin, Ireland in October 2023."
],
[
"Recognitions",
"* 2015: TechWomen Emerging Leader by the US government.",
"* 2019: Top 40 under 40 women leaders in Kenya.",
"* 2021: Top 50 C-suite women in Africa.",
"* 2021: Top 25 Most Transformative Leaders Impacting Business.",
"* 2022: Top 15 Kenyan women CEO’s leading companies.",
"* 2022: Top C-suite women in Africa.",
"* 2023: Africa’s 30 most influential executives."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Delbo (disambiguation)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Delbo''' is a puzzle video game.",
"'''Delbo''' or '''Del Bo''' may also refer to:*Charlotte Delbo (1913–1985), French writer and Auschwitz survivor*Hedvig Delbo (1908–1944), Norwegian Gestapo agent*Jean-Jacques Delbo (1909–1996), French actor*José Delbo (1933–2024), Argentine comics artist*Lea Del Bo Rossi (1903–1978), Italian medical researcher*Lisa del Bo (born 1961), Belgian singer*Rinaldo Del Bo (1916–1991), Italian politician**Del Bo Authority, the last High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community"
],
[
"See also",
"*Mikkel Delbo Larsen (born 1985), Danish badminton player*Palazzo del Bo, the historical seat of University of Padua since 1493"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Wunketru"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Wunketru''''' is an extinct genus of waterfowl from the Eocene Las Flores Formation of Chubut Province, Argentina.",
"The genus contains a single species, '''''W.",
"howardae''''', known from a partial skeleton previously classified as a species of ''Telmabates''."
],
[
"Discovery and naming",
"The holotype, consisting of ninety mineralized bones, all somewhat distorted, such as small skull fragments, the main bones of the leg, wing, and pectoral girdle, the manubrial end of the sternum including part of the keel, a pelvis fragment, a sacrum, and a few vertebrae, was described as being similar to ''Telmabates antiquus'' by Howard (1955).",
"The fossils were named as ''Telmabates howardae'' by Cracraft (1970).Feduccia and McGrew (1974) considered ''T.",
"howardae'' to be a junior synonym of ''Presbyornis pervetus''.In 2024, De Mendoza, Degrange & Tambussi named and described ''Wunketru howardae'' as they found the species to be separate from ''Telmabates''."
],
[
"Classification",
"In 2024, ''Wunketru'' was classified as a member of Anseriformes ''incertae sedis''."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"List of subnational entities with the highest and lowest Human Development Index"
],
[
"Introduction",
"World map of subnational HDI (2018)The following list shows the subnational entities and regions with the highest and lowest Human Development Index (HDI) in the world and on different continents.",
"The HDI is a summary measure of human development that considers three dimensions: health, education, and standard of living.",
"It is calculated by taking the geometric mean of three normalized indicators: life expectancy at birth, mean and expected years of schooling, and gross national income per capita.",
"The HDI ranges from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating higher human development.",
"The HDI itself was created by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990, and was further used by the UNDP to measure the country's development in its annual Human Development Reports.The index was initially calculated at the country level.",
"The Global Data Lab at Radboud University in the Netherlands launched a subnational HDI (SHDI) in 2018, which covers around 1,800 regions in over 160 countries to better reflect the differences within countries.",
"Global Data Lab also provides the Subnational Human the Subnational Gender Development Index (SGDI) and data on income, years of education and life expectancy on the subnational level.",
"The SHDI and SGDI are based on the UNDP's official HDI and GDI, but they use subnational data in addition to national data."
],
[
"Regions with the highest and lowest HDI",
"'''25 highest HDIs'''The top 25 regions with the highest HDi in 2021 were:RankRegionCountyHDI (2021)Very high human development1Zürich Canton0.9892Oslo and Akershus0.980Australian Capital Territory4Greater London0.9735Hamburg0.972Stockholm County7Western Australia0.967Capital Region of Denmark9Lake Geneva region0.96610Utrecht province0.96411North Holland0.96212Ticino0.96113Prague0.960Helsinki-Uusimaa Region15Berlin0.95916Wellington Region0.958Western Norway18Northwestern Switzerland0.95719Baden-Württemberg0.956Trøndelag0.95621Alberta0.95522Bremen0.95423Brussels0.953Central Slovenia25New South Wales0.952Capital Area (Gyeonggi, Seoul, Incheon)Central Switzerland'''25 lowest HDIs'''The top 25 regions with the lowest HDi in 2021 were:RankRegionCountryHDI (2021)Low human development1Middle Juba0.2322Zone 2 (Borkou, Ennedi, Tibesti,Kanem, Barh El Gazel, Lac)0.2683Galguduud0.2794Zone 5 (Chari-Baguirmi, Dababa,Baguirmi, Hadjer-Lamis)0.2845Sahel Region0.2866Hiran0.291Zone 4 (Ouaddai, Assoungha,Sila, Wadi Fira)8Bay0.2949Bakool0.29510Lower Juba0.30011Warrap0.31112Middle Shabelle0.31513Lower Shabelle0.323Togdheer15Gedo0.33016Timbuktu Region0.33117Zone 3 (Guera, Batha, Salamat)0.33418Kebbi State0.335Jonglei State20Sokoto State0.33621Sool0.33822Southeastern Region (Basse-Kotto, Mbomou, Haut-Mbomou)0.34023Kuntaur0.34224Unity State0.34425Lakes State0.348"
],
[
"Africa",
"'''Top 10 highest'''The 10 regions with the highest HDI in 2021 were:RankRegionCountryHDI (2021)Very high human development1South (Grand Port, Savanne, Plaines Wilhems, Rivière Noire)0.812High human development2Port Said Governorate0.7973North (Port Louis, Pamplemousses,Rivière du Rempart, Flacq, Moka)0.7964Suez Governorate0.7835Alexandria Governorate0.7806Cairo Governorate0.7797Grand Tunis0.7758South-East District0.7709North Center (Algiers, Blida, Boumerdès, Tipaza, Bouïra, Médéa, Tizi Ouzou, Béjaïa, Chlef, Aïn Defla)0.76710Damietta Governorate0.757'''Top 10 lowest'''The 10 regions with the lowest HDI in 2021 were:RankRegionCountryHDI (2021)Low human development1Middle Juba0.2322Zone 2 (Borkou, Ennedi, Tibesti, Kanem, Barh El Gazel, Lac)0.2683Galguduud0.2794Zone 5 (Chari-Baguirmi, Dababa,Baguirmi, Hadjer-Lamis)0.2845Sahel Region0.2866Hiran0.291Zone 4 (Ouaddai, Assoungha, Sila, Wadi Fira)8Bay0.2949Bakool0.29510Lower Juba0.300"
],
[
"Asia",
"'''Top 10 highest'''The 10 regions with the highest HDI in Asia in 2021 were:RankRegionCountryHDI (2021)Very high human development1Capital Area (Gyeonggi, Seoul, Incheon)0.9522Southern Kantō (Saitama, Chiba,Tokyo, Kanagawa, Yamanashi, Nagano)0.9513Gyeongnam (South Gyeongsang,Busan, Ulsan)0.9364Kansai (Shiga, Kyoto, Osaka, Hyōgo,Nara, Wakayama)0.9285Tōkai (Gifu, Shizuoka, Aichi, Mie)0.9246Chūgoku (Tottori, Shimane, Okayama,Hiroshima, Yamaguchi)0.9217Northern Kantō (Ibaraki, Tochigi, Gunma)0.9138Chungcheong (North Chungcheong,South Chungcheong, Daejeon, Sejong)0.91210Beijing0.907Jeju0.907'''Top 10 lowest'''The 10 regions with the lowest HDI in Asia in 2021 were:RankRegionCountryHDI (2021)Low human development1Hajjah, Sa'dah, 'Amran0.3952Al Hudaydah, Al Mahwit0.4063South (Uruzgan, Helmand, Zabul, Nimroz,Kandahar)0.4074Al Bayda, Dhamar, Raymah0.4085North East (Baghlan, Takhar, Badakhshan,Kunduz)0.4446West (Ghor, Herat, Badghis, Farah)0.4477Ibb0.4508Former Federally Administered Tribal Areas0.4569East (Nangarhar, Kunar, Laghman, Nuristan)0.45910Balochistan0.463"
],
[
"Europe",
"'''Top 10 highest'''The 10 regions with the highest HDI in Europe in 2021 were:RankRegionCountyHDI (2021)Very high human development1Zürich Canton0.9892Oslo and Akershus0.9803Greater London0.9734Hamburg0.972Stockholm County6Capital Region of Denmark0.9677Lake Geneva region0.9668Utrecht province0.9649North Holland0.96210Ticino0.961'''Top 10 lowest'''The 10 regions with the lowest HDI in Europe in 2021 were:RankRegionCountryHDI (2021)High human development1Southeastern Statistical Region0.7222Severozapaden Planning Region0.7393Center Moldova0.742Northeastern Statistical Region5Gjilan District0.7436North Moldova0.7467Eastern Statistical Region0.7478Gjakova District0.7489Prizren district0.75110Polog Statistical Region0.753Yugoiztochen Planning Region0.753"
],
[
"North America",
"'''Top 10 highest'''The 10 regions with the highest HDI in North America in 2021 were:RankRegionCountryHDI (2021)Very high human development1Alberta0.9552Massachusetts0.9493Connecticut0.9484Minnesota0.9475British Columbia0.9446Ontario0.943New HampshireNew Jersey9Colorado0.94210District of Columbia0.940HawaiiNorth DakotaWashington'''Top 10 lowest'''The 10 regions with the lowest HDI in North America in 2021 were:RankRegionCountryHDI (2021)Low human development1Centre0.4852Artibonite0.5013Grand'Anse, Nippes0.5054Sud-Est0.5135Sud0.5206Nord-Est0.5247Nord-Ouest0.5278Lempira Department0.544Medium human development9Nord0.550Gracias a Dios Department0.550"
],
[
"South America",
"'''Top 10 highest'''The 10 regions with the highest HDI in South America in 2021 were:RankRegionCountryHDI (2021)Very high human development1Santiago Metropolitan Region0.8862Tarapacá Region0.8823Antofagasta Region0.8764Valparaíso Region0.8715Magallanes Region0.8676Atacama Region0.8597Greater Buenos Aires0.8448Patagonia Region0.8439Cuyo0.841Pampas region'''Top 10 lowest'''The 10 regions with the lowest HDI in South America in 2021 were:RankRegionCountryHDI (2021)Medium human development1Brokopondo and Sipaliwini0.5972Potosí Department0.6063Apure0.6194Vaupés Department0.6255Potaro-Siparuni0.6276Barima-Waini0.6357Barinas0.6378Portuguesa0.6389Guárico0.65310La Guajira Department0.656"
],
[
"Oceania",
"'''Top 10 highest'''The 10 regions with the highest HDI in Oceania in 2021 were:RankRegionCountryHDI (2021)Very high human development1Australian Capital Territory0.9802Western Australia0.9673Wellington Region0.9584New South Wales0.9525Auckland Region0.9516Victoria0.9487Queensland0.9448Northern Territory0.9409South Australia0.939Taranaki'''Top 10 lowest'''The 10 regions with the lowest HDI in Oceania in 2021 were:RankRegionCountryHDI (2021)Low human development1Hela Province0.4632Enga Province0.4903Southern Highlands Province0.4904Gulf Province0.5245Eastern Highlands Province0.5256Sandaun Province0.5327Penama Province0.5458Torba Province0.547Medium human development9East Sepik Province0.552Jiwaka Province0.554}"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Map of global HDI by region"
]
] | wikipedia |
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