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[
[
"Remember This (film)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Remember This''''' is a 2023 American drama film written by Derek Goldman and Clark Young, directed by Goldman and Jeff Hutchens and starring David Strathairn as Jan Karski.",
"It is an adaptation of the play ''Remember This: The Lesson of Jan Karski'' by Goldman and Young."
],
[
"Plot"
],
[
"Cast",
"*David Strathairn as Jan Karski"
],
[
"Release",
"The film was released in limited theaters on January 27, 2023."
],
[
"Reception",
"The film has a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on six reviews.Michael Rechtshaffen of the ''Los Angeles Times'' gave the film a positive review and wrote, \"Despite his perceived failings, Karski and ''Remember This'' serve as a crucial reminder of society’s duty to bear witness, especially whenever and wherever it would seem impossible to raise one’s voice above the din of indifference.",
"\"Claire Shaffer of ''The New York Times'' also gave the film a positive review and wrote, \"...Strathairn is once again a one-man tour de force.",
"\"Julian Roman of MovieWeb also gave the film a positive review and wrote, \"David Strathairn astounds in a tour de force adaptation of his harrowing one-man play(...)Strathairn brilliantly portrays every character in a devastating account of survival, courage, and unconscionable suffering.\""
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* *"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"1910 La Laguna's 1st Philippine Assembly district special election"
],
[
"Introduction",
"A special election (known elsewhere as \"by-elections\") for the seat of La Laguna's 1st district in the Philippine Assembly, the lower house of the Philippine Legislature of the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands, was held on December 13, 1910.This was triggered due to the appointment of the incumbent delegate Potenciano Malvar as the governor of La Laguna (now called simply as \"Laguna\").",
"Marcos Paulino won the special election, defeating Servillano Platón, a flip from the Nacionalista Party to the Progresista Party."
],
[
"Background",
"Juan Cailles, a Progresista Party stalwart, was to retire as governor.",
"In the immediately preceding gubernatorial election, the Nacionalista Party's Domingo Ordoveza won, but Governor-General William Cameron Forbes, upon the advice of vice governor Newton W. Gilbert, was convinced that Ordoveza bought votes and refused to seat him nor Cailles, and will appoint someone from the Nacionalista Party instead.",
"On September 22, 1910, Forbes appointed Potenciano Malvar (younger brother of Miguel Malvar) as governor, succeeding Cailles.",
"''La Democracia'' newspaper had opposed Malvar's appointment, pointing out that he is ineligible for the post as he is sitting member of the Philippine Assembly.",
"''La Democracia'' is the official organ of the Progresistas.",
"A day later, the Philippine Commission approved the appointment of Malvar as provincial governor.",
"On October 4, Forbes scheduled the special election for the vacant assembly seat on December 13."
],
[
"Results",
"San Pablo native Marcos Paulino of the Progresista Party defeated Servillano Platón of the Nacionalistas.",
"The latter carried Calauang, Los Baños, Santa Rosa and San Pedro Tunasan, Biñang saw a tied result, and the former won in Alaminos, Bay, Calamba, Cabuyao, Pila and San Pablo.",
"Paulino's win increased the number of opposition Progresistas in the assembly.",
"Paulino took his oath of office at the Ayuntamiento de Manila on December 20, 1910.=== Per town ===+TownPaulinoPlatonTotalVotes%Votes%Alaminos'''200''''''74.07%'''7025.93%270Bay'''76''''''50.33%'''7549.67%151Binang10650.00%10650.00%212Cabuyao'''91''''''60.26%'''6039.74%151Calamba'''107''''''66.46%'''5433.54%161Calauang3345.21%'''40''''''54.79%'''73Los Baños2130.88%'''47''''''69.12%'''68Pila'''64''''''51.61%'''6048.39%124San Pablo'''725''''''67.32%'''35232.68%1,077San Pedro Tunasan3543.75%'''45''''''56.25%'''80Santa Rosa3325.00%'''99''''''75.00%'''132'''Total''''''1,491''''''59.66%''''''1,008''''''40.34%''''''2,499'''"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Coleman Hutzler"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Coleman Hutzler''' (born May 5, 1984) is an American football coach who is currently the defensive coordinator and linebackers coach for the Mississippi State Bulldogs."
],
[
"Coaching career",
"Hutzler got his first coaching job in 2006 with San Diego as a defensive assistant.",
"In 2007, Hutzler joined the Stanford Cardinal as a recruiting assistant, the in 2008 he was promoted to be a defensive assistant.",
"In 2010, Hutzler was hired by Florida as the team's special teams coordinator and linebackers coach.",
"In 2012, Hutzler joined the New Mexico Lobos as the special teams coordinator and outside linebackers coach.",
"In 2014, Hutzler joined Florida again under the same role.",
"In 2015, Hutzler joined the Boston College Eagles to be the special teams coordinator and linebackers coach.",
"In 2016, Hutzler was hired by South Carolina as the team's special teams coordinator and linebackers coach.",
"For the 2020 season, Hutzler joined the Texas Longhorns as the team's co-defensive coordinator and linebackers coach.",
"During the 2021 season, Hutzler was hired by the Ole Miss Rebels as the team's special teams coordinator.",
"In 2022, Hutzler was hired by Alabama to be the special teams coordinator and outside linebackers coach.",
"For the 2024 season, Hutzler joined the Mississippi State Bulldogs to be the team's defensive coordinator and linebackers coach."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Boston College Eagles profile* Texas Longhorns profile* Ole Miss Rebels profile* Alabama Crimson Tide profile* Mississippi State Bulldogs profile"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Reus railway station"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Reus Station''' is a railway station owned by Adif located northwest of the town of Reus in the Catalan comarca of Baix Camp.",
"The station is on the Tarragona-Reus-Lleida line and is served by regional lines RT1, R14, R15, and line Ca6 of Rodalies de Catalunya, operated by Renfe Operadora.The first station at Reus entered service in 1856 when the section constructed by the Company of the Reus to Tarragona Railway (later LRT) between Tarragona and Reus entered service.",
"In 1884, a second station was constructed at the present location.",
"The building is an example of buildings that replaced originals with more functional constructions than the old stations."
],
[
"Line",
"* Line 200 (Madrid-Reus-Barcelona)* Line 230 (Tarragona-Reus-Lleida)* Line 234 (Roda de Berà-Reus)"
],
[
"Railway services",
"'''20x20pxRodalies del Camp de Tarragona''' Origin/DestinationPreceding stationRodalies de CatalunyaFollowing stationOrigin/Destinationterminal20x20pxVila-SecaTarragona'''20x20px Serveis regionals de Rodalies de Catalunya'''Origin/DestinationPreceding stationRodalies de CatalunyaFollowing stationOrigin/DestinationLleida PirineusLa Selva del Camp20x20pxVila-secaBarcelona-Estació de FrançaterminalMóra la NovaFlixRiba-roja d'EbreLes Borges del Camp20x20pxCaspZaragoza-DeliciasMadrid-Chamartín20x20px"
],
[
"Galeria d'imatges",
"Building and entrance to stationReus station platform"
],
[
"Referències"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 Georgia Bulldogs baseball team"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 Georgia Bulldogs baseball team''' represents the University of Georgia in the 2024 NCAA Division I baseball season.",
"The Bulldogs play their home games for the 68th season at Foley Field as a member of the Southeastern Conference.",
"They are led by head coach Wes Johnson, in his first year as head coach."
],
[
"Previous season",
"The Bulldogs finished 29–27, 11–19 in the SEC to finish in sixth place in the East division.",
"They were not invited to the postseason.",
"As a result, head coach Scott Stricklin was fired."
],
[
"Personnel",
"===Roster=== 2024 Georgia Bulldogs roster '''Pitchers'''*3 - Zach Harris - ''Sophomore''*4 - Jarvis Evans - ''Sophomore''*12 - Leighton Finley - ''Sophomore''*15 - Matthew Hoskins - ''Sophomore''*16 - Kolten Smith - ''Sophomore''*18 - James Hays - ''Freshman''*19 - Ethan Sutton - ''Freshman''*20 - Blake Gillespie - ''Sophomore''*21 - Coleman Willis - ''Redshirt Sophomore''*26 - Brian Zeldin - ''Graduate''*29 - Charlie Goldstein - ''Graduate''*30 - Brandt Pancer - ''Senior''*31 - Chandler Marsh - ''Junior''*32 - Josh Roberge - ''Graduate''*33 - Max DeJong - ''Junior''*34 - Tyler McLoughlin - ''Senior''*35 - Paul Farley - ''Freshman''*38 - DJ Radtke - ''Redshirt Sophomore''*39 - Wyatt Land - ''Freshman''*42 - Daniel Padysak - ''Graduate''*43 - Luke Wiltrakis - ''Freshman''*45 - Christian Mracna - ''Graduate''*46 - Zach DeVito - ''Senior''*47 - Collin Caldwell - ''Senior''*48 - Ryker Chavis - ''Freshman''*55 - Ryan Gold - ''Freshman'' '''Catchers'''*11 - Henry Hunter - ''Junior''*13 - Fernando Gonzalez - ''Senior''*50 - Josh Katz - ''Junior'''''Infielders'''*2 - Sebastian Murillo - ''Senior''*9 - Kolby Branch - ''Sophomore''*14 - Trey King - ''Freshman''*23 - Paul Toetz - ''Graduate''*36 - Tre Phelps - ''Freshman''*44 - Slate Alford - ''Junior'' '''Outfielders'''*0 - Josh Stinson - ''Redshirt Senior''*1 - Dillon Carter - ''Graduate''*8 - Clayton Chadwick - ''Graduate''*10 - John Marant - ''Redshirt Junior''*25 - Dylan Goldstein - ''Graduate''*40 - Cooper Milford - ''Freshman'''''Utility'''*6 - Corey Collins (OF/C) - ''Senior''*17 - Logan Jordan (OF/C) - ''Graduate''*24 - Charlie Condon (1B/OF) - ''Redshirt Sophomore''*27 - Lukas Farris (OF/1B) - ''Sophomore'' ===Coaching staff=== 2024 Georgia Bulldogs coaching staff Name Position Seasons atGeorgia Alma Mater Wes Johnson Head coach 1 Arkansas–Monticello (1994) Will Coggin Assistant coach 1 Mississippi State (2008) Josh Simpson Assistant coach 1 Northwestern Oklahoma State (2003) Brock Bennett Assistant coach 1 Alabama (2011)"
],
[
"Schedule and results",
" 2024 Georgia Bulldogs Baseball Game Log Regular Season February Date Opponent Rank Site/Stadium Score Win Loss Save TV Attendance Overall Record SEC RecordFebruary 16 Foley FieldAthens, GA '''W''' 11-2 ''' Goldstein (1-0)''' Johnson (0-1) ''None'' SECN+ 2,504 1-0 -February 17 UNC Asheville Foley Field '''W''' 17-5 ''' Mracna (1-0)''' Honeycutt (0-1) ''None'' SECN+ 2,790 2-0 -February 18 UNC Asheville Foley Field '''W''' 10-0 ''' Finley (1-0)''' Edmondson (0-1) ''' Roberge (1)''' SECN+ 1,787 3-0 -February 20 at Georgia State Baseball ComplexDecatur, GA February 23 Foley Field February 24 Northern Kentucky Foley Field February 25 Northern Kentucky Foley Field February 27 Foley Field February 28 Foley Field March Date Opponent Rank Site/Stadium Score Win Loss Save TV Attendance Overall Record SEC RecordMarch 1 at Russ Chandler StadiumAtlanta, GA March 2 Georgia Tech Foley Field March 3 vs. Georgia Tech Coolray FieldLawrenceville, GA March 5 vs. SRP ParkNorth Augusta, SC March 6 Foley Field March 8 Foley Field March 9 Northern Colorado Foley Field March 9 Northern Colorado Foley Field March 10 Northern Colorado Foley Field March 12 Iowa Foley Field March 15 at Kentucky Proud ParkLexington, KY March 16 at Kentucky Kentucky Proud Park March 17 at Kentucky Kentucky Proud Park March 19 Foley Field March 22 Foley Field March 23 Alabama Foley Field March 24 Alabama Foley Field March 26 Foley Field March 29 at Lindsey Nelson StadiumKnoxville, TN March 30 at Tennessee Lindsey Nelson Stadium March 31 at Tennessee Lindsey Nelson Stadium April Date Opponent Rank Site/Stadium Score Win Loss Save TV Attendance Overall Record SEC RecordApril 2 Georgia State Foley Field April 5 at Mississippi State Dudy Noble FieldStarkville, MS April 6 at Mississippi State Dudy Noble Field April 7 at Mississippi State Dudy Noble Field April 9 Foley Field April 11 Foley Field April 12 Missouri Foley Field April 13 Missouri Foley Field April 19 Foley Field April 20 Ole Miss Foley Field April 21 Ole Miss Foley Field April 23 Clemson Foley Field April 26 at Blue Bell ParkCollege Station, TX April 27 at Texas A&M Blue Bell Park April 28 at Texas A&M Blue Bell Park April 30 at Kennesaw State Fred Stillwell StadiumKennesaw, GA May Date Opponent Rank Site/Stadium Score Win Loss Save TV Attendance Overall Record SEC RecordMay 3 Foley Field May 4 Vanderbilt Foley Field May 5 Vanderbilt Foley Field May 9 at Founders ParkColumbia, SC May 10 at South Carolina Founders Park May 11 at South Carolina Founders Park May 16 Florida Foley Field May 17 Florida Foley Field May 18 Florida Foley Field ''Legend: = Win = Loss = CanceledBold = Georgia team memberRankings are based on the team's current ranking in the D1Baseball poll.''"
],
[
"Record vs. conference opponents"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Lionel Dawson-Damer, 6th Earl of Portarlington"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Lionel Arthur Henry Seymour Dawson-Damer, 6th Earl of Portarlington''' (26 August 1883 – 4 July 1959) was an Anglo-Irish peer and soldier."
],
[
"Early life",
"Dawson-Damer was born on 26 August 1883.He was the son of George Dawson-Damer, 5th Earl of Portarlington and Emma Andalusia Frere Kennedy.",
"His younger siblings were Lady Aline Dawson-Damer (wife of Lt.-Col. Valentine Vivian), Lady Christian Dawson-Damer (wife of Capt.",
"Hon.",
"Fergus Bowes-Lyon, and Capt.",
"William Frederick Martin), Lt. George Seymour Dawson-Damer (who was killed in action during World War I), Lady Moyra Dawson-Damer (wife of James Brinsley Peter FitzGerald, a grandson of Sir Peter FitzGerald, 19th Knight of Kerry).Mosley, Charles, editor.",
"''Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes.''",
"Wilmington, Delaware: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003, volume 3, page 3181 and volume 2, page 3190.After his father's death, his mother married Henry Portman, 3rd Viscount Portman in September 1901.Edmund Lodge, compiler, ''The Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire, 80th edition'' (London, U.K.: Kelly's Directories Ltd, 1911), page 148.From this marriage, he had a younger half-sister, Hon.",
"Selina Luisa Portman.His paternal grandparents were Lionel Dawson-Damer, 4th Earl of Portarlington and Hon.",
"Harriet Lydia Montagu (eldest daughter and co-heiress of Gen. Henry Montagu, 6th Baron Rokeby).",
"His mother was the only daughter of Lord Nigel Kennedy (a younger son of Archibald Kennedy, Earl of Cassilis and brother to Archibald Kennedy, 2nd Marquess of Ailsa) and Catherine Anne May.He was educated at Eton College."
],
[
"Career",
"Upon the death of his father on 31 August 1900 at the Royal Palace Hotel at Ostend, he succeeded as the 6th Earl of Portarlington, in the Peerage of Ireland, as well as the 7th Lord Dawson and the 7th Viscount Carlow.",
"He served as one of the King's train-bearers at the Coronation of Edward VII and Alexandra at Westminster Abbey, London, on 9 August 1902.Portarlington served as 2nd Lieutenant between 1903 and 1905 in the Irish Guards.",
"A Lieutenant during World War I, he fought with the 4th Battalion, Leinster Regiment.During the 1920s, Lord Portarlington and his wife were among the best-known personalities in London society.",
"He was \"celebrated for his ready wit and his perpetual good humour and high spirits.",
"\"===Emo Park===Emo Court (–1920)Upon inheriting the earldom, Portarlington also inherited Emo Court, a large neo-classical mansion near the village of Emo in County Laois, Ireland designed by the architect James Gandon in 1790 for John Dawson, 1st Earl of Portarlington.",
"While construction began in the 1790s, work was not completed until the 1860s by the 3rd Earl of Portarlington.After the outbreak of World War I in 1914, and, two years later, the Easter Rising and subsequent War of Independence, Lord Portarlington, like many Protestants and most of the Anglo-Irish nobility and gentry, left what would become the Irish Free State permanently, and the house was shut up.",
"In 1920, the estate, which extended over nearly , was sold to the Irish Land Commission.",
"The house remained unoccupied, while most of the land was distributed to local farmers.",
"Lord Portarlington then made his home at Came Park, the former seat of the Damer family in Dorsetshire."
],
[
"Personal life",
"On 2 February 1907, Lord Portarlington married the American, Winnifreda Yuill (1886–1975), a daughter of George Skelton Yuill of New Orleans, at the Holy Trinity Church, Sloane Street in London.",
"Before they married, she was in London \"under the chaperonage of her relative and fellow countrywoman, Lady Hay, widow of Sir Robert Hay, of Smithfield, and sister of the late William Butler Duncan, of 1 Fifth Avenue, New York.\"",
"Together, they were the parents of:* George Lionel Seymour Dawson-Damer, Viscount Carlow (1907–1944), an Air Commodore in the Auxiliary Air Force; he married Peggy Cambie, daughter of Charles Cambie (the London manager of the Canadian Bank of Commerce), in 1937.He died on 4 July 1959, at age 75.As his eldest son predeceased him, he was succeeded in his titles by his grandson, George.===Descendants===Through his son George, he was a grandfather of George Lionel Yuill Seymour Dawson-Damer (b.",
"1938), who served as a Page of Honour to Queen Elizabeth II before succeeding his grandfather as the 7th Earl of Portarlington, and Hon.",
"Lionel ''John'' Charles Seymour Dawson-Damer (1940–2000), who died in a motor-racing accident at Goodwood House."
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* * Lionel Arthur Henry Seymour Dawson-Damer, 6th Earl of Portarlington at the National Portrait Gallery, London* Winnafreda (née Yuill), Countess of Portarlington at the National Portrait Gallery, London"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 Cypriot local elections"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 Cypriot local elections''' will be held in June 2024.These elections may be held concurrently with European elections to save money."
],
[
"Background",
"These elections had been postponed from December 2021 pending local government reform."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Adje"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Julmar Simons''' (born October 2, 1982), known professionally as '''Adje''' (or '''Ado'nis'''), is a Dutch rapper."
],
[
"Career",
"Julmar Simons was born in Amsterdam to a Curaçaoan mother and a Surinamese father.",
"He is a half-brother of fellow rappers Hef and Crooks.",
"He grew up in the neighborhood Bijlmermeer.",
"Influenced by the music of Michael Jackson and later Snoop Dogg, he decided to also make hip hop music.",
"Initially he wrote in English, but after he came into contact with the Tuindorp Hustler Click from Amsterdam-Noord, he started rapping in Dutch and was featured on their underground hit \"Zonder Berouw\".",
"In 2008, he released his first mixtape ''Who the f*ck is Ado'nis?''.",
"The same year, he and his brothers Hef and Crooks released their mixtape ''Boyz in de hood vol.",
"1''.",
"In 2013, he released his debut studio album ''Vossig''.",
"The album was entirely produced by Reverse and features a guest appearance from Jamaican singer Beenie Man.",
"It reached number 14 in the Dutch Album Top 100.On 8 December 2017, he was featured on the hit song \"Coño\" by Puri and Jhorrmountain.",
"On 3 July 2020, the song was covered by Jason Derulo."
],
[
"Discography",
"'''Studio albums'''*''Vossig'' (2013) *''Streetknowledge'' (2017)'''Collaboration albums'''*''Alles Groot'' (with Architrackz) (2018)*''BASE™'' (with Roselilah) (2018)*''Boyz in the Hood 2'' (with Hef and Crooks) (2021)*''Legacy'' (with Reverse) (2022)"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Endeavor Energy Resources"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Endeavor Energy Resources''' (officially '''Endeavor Energy Resources LP''') is a privately-held hydrocarbon exploration and production company based in Midland, Texas.",
"Founded in 1979 by Autry Stephens it has since evolved in one of the largest private oil producers in the Lower 48.In February 2024, it was announced that the company would be sold to Diamondback Energy for $26 billion."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Peteina erinaceus"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Peteina hyperdiscalis''''' is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae."
],
[
"Distribution",
"Czech Republic, Estonia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Bulgaria, Italy, Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland, Mongolia, Russia, Armenia, China."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Battle for Mospyne"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Battle of Mospyne''' — a military clash between units of the Zadneprovsk Division and the Volunteer Army."
],
[
"History",
"In early 1919, Mospyne was occupied by units of the Zadneprovsk Division.",
"Having established themselves on the outskirts of the village, they fought defensive battles on the outskirts of Yuzivka.On 13 May 1919, Shkuro's troops launched an active attack on the Mospyne area.",
"The defensive battle was fought by the 9th Zadniprovsky and 55th (formerly 15th) Ukrainian regiments.",
"To reinforce the Makhnovists, the 1st Soviet Rifle Regiment under Chaika left Volnovakha station, and from the wagons it went to the position to help the regiments there.The Shkurovtsy attacked in columns and, supported by three armoured trains armed with six-inch naval guns and two tanks, pushed the Makhnovists to the Besheve-Karavanna line after fierce resistance, and they left Mospyne and Kuteynikove.In this battle, the 9th Zadniprovsky and especially the 55th regiments suffered heavy losses.",
"Almost the entire command staff of the latter was killed, and the regiment was left with about 500 soldiers."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Sources",
"* ''Белаш Виктор'' Дороги Нестора Махно"
],
[
"See also",
"* Mospyne"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"SS Dr. Heinrich Wiegand (1938)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Dr.",
"Heinrich Wiegand''''' was a cargo ship that was built in 1938 by Nysted Verksted, Oslo for the Argo Line, Bremen.",
"She was requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine during World War II and was designated '''''Schiff 12'''''.",
"She was sunk in September 1944 but was raised post-war and returned to service as '''''Else Basse'''''.",
"She was sold to Finland in 1954 and renamed '''''Kaarina'''''.",
"She was scrapped in 1968."
],
[
"Description",
"The ship was long, with a beam of .",
"She had a depth of , and a draught of .",
"She was assessed at , , .She was powered by a four-cylinder compound steam engine, which had two cylinders of diameter and two cylinders of diameter by stroke.",
"The engine was built by Nylands Verkstged, Oslo.",
"It was rated at 54 nhp and drove a screw propeller via a low-pressure turbine and a hydraulic coupling.",
"It could propel her at ."
],
[
"History",
"''Dr.",
"Heinrich Wiegand'' was built as yard number 340 by Nylands Verksted, Oslo for Argo Line, Bremen.",
"She was launched on 1 September 1939 and completed on 25 October.",
"Her port of registry was Bremen and the Code Letters DOUR were allocated.On 13 September 1938, ''Dr.",
"Heinrich Wiegand'' was requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine.",
"She was allocated the pennant number TS(K)2 and designated ''Schiff 12''.",
"Conversion for military use took from 29 November to 23 December.",
"She was allocated to 6 ''Vorpostengruppe'', and from 1943 to 6 ''Vorpostenflotille'' as V 601 ''Dr.",
"Heinrich Wiegand''.",
"From 17 August 1940 to 17 September 1942, she was used as a transport ship in Norwegian waters.",
"On 18 September 1944, she was sunk at Wesermünde during an Allied air attack.''Dr.",
"Heinrich Wiegand'' was later refloated.",
"On 20 July 1946, she was allocated to the United States as a prize of war.",
"A notice appeared in ''The Times'' in August 1946 that her status as a prize was being decided in the British courts.",
"She was allocated to the United States Maritime Commission.",
"She retained the Code Letters DOUR.",
"In 1948, she was sold to Seatrade Corp., New York City.USNS ''LST-327'', which assisted in extinguishing the fire aboard ''Else Basse'' in August 1953.In November 1949, she was sold to AS Hetland, Copenhagen, Denmark and renamed ''Else Basse''.",
"The Code Letters OUUC and Danish Official Number 13023 were allocated.",
"On 19 August 1953, while on a voyage from Greenland to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, she caught fire off Cape Anguille, Newfoundland, Canada.",
"Her 24 crew and a passenger were rescued by the British steamship .",
"The fire was extinguished by the United States Army tug ''LT-1953'' and the United States Naval Service Landing Ship, Tank .",
"''Else Basse'' was towed to St. George Bay by ''LT-1953'' and ''LST-287''.",
"She was later towed to Philadelphia.",
"She was susbequently towed to Copenhagen, arriving on 28 October.",
"''Else Basse'' was laid up.On 1 April 1954, she was sold to Oy Suomi Shipping Ab, Loviisa, Finland and renamed ''Kaarina''.",
"She was rebuilt.",
"The Code Letters OFUM were allocated.",
"She was operated under the management of AB R. Nordström & Co., Oy until 1962.",
"''Kaarina'' was sold in 1963 to M. Rauanheimo Oy, Kokkola.",
"Her port of registry was changed to Kokkola in 1964.She arrived at Hamburg, West Germany on 4 May 1968 for scrapping by Eckhardt & Co."
],
[
"References",
"===Sources===*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Birupa River"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Birupa River''' is a river which flows through the Indian states of Chhattisgarh and Odisha.",
"It is a tributary of the Mahanadi River.",
"It originates from the Mahanadi's upper reaches and joins the Brahmani River at Krushnanagar before emptying into the Bay of Bengal at Dhamra.",
"It is one of several distributaries of the Mahanadi, including the Paika, Chitroptala, Genguti, and Lun rivers.Birupa River holds historical and religious significance in coastal Orissa.",
"The river was a popular destination for pilgrims visiting Buddhist shrines, and it also served as a route for Buddhist monks traveling to Ceylon and Java.",
"The Pancha Pandava temple in Jalauka, built around the 9th century, has beautiful carvings from the Somavamsi dynasty and is situated on the banks of the River Birupa.Badi Genguti is a river tributary of the Birupa River in the coastal plains of the Lower Sub Basin of Mahanadi.",
"It branches out from the Birupa at Samsarpur village and flows for 25 kilometer before rejoining the Birupa at Kharagpur village.",
"Both the Birupa and Badi Genguti rivers traverse through the districts of Cuttack, Kendrapara, and Jagatsinghpur, characterized by elevations ranging from 10 to 50 meters."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Willibrord Davids"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Willibrord Jacob Maria Davids''' (17 October 1938 – 11 February 2024) was a Dutch jurist.",
"He served as President of the Supreme Court from 2004 to 2008.Davids died in The Hague on 11 February 2024, at the age of 85."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Lifestyle and Mental Health"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Lifestyle and Mental Health''' is the title of a noted 2011 review article published in the journal ''American Psychologist'' by Roger Walsh (MD, PhD, DHL).",
"The article provides a variety of potential lifestyle changes to improve one's mental health along with supporting research."
],
[
"Thesis",
"The central thesis of the article is the following:"
],
[
"Summary",
"*'''Exercise'''*'''Nutrition and diet'''*'''Nature'''*'''Relationships'''*'''Recreation and enjoyable activities'''*'''Relaxation and stress management'''*'''Religious and spiritual involvement'''*'''Contribution and service'''"
],
[
"Impact and reception",
"Greg Bogart, a lecturer in psychology at Sonoma State University, devoted over 2 pages to discussing the article in their 2017 book ''Dreamwork in Holistic Psychotherapy of Depression''.",
"Bogart, a psychotherapist, concluded his treatment of the subject by stating \"I often share these principles with clients and encourage them to practice them in their own lives.\"",
"Authors Benas & Bryan, in their 2022 book ''The Resilient Warrior'', describe the article as \"seminal.\"",
"According to Google Scholar, the article has been cited almost 1000 times as of February, 2024."
],
[
"See also",
"*Patient education*Therapeutic Lifestyle Change (depression treatment)"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Freely-accessible full text of the original article"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Sears Roebuck & Company Department Store (Brooklyn)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Sears Roebuck & Company Department Store''' is a landmarked former department store in the Flatbush neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City."
],
[
"Description",
"The Sears Roebuck & Company Department Store is an Art Deco edifice of three stories, plus a 103-foot tower.",
"The building is situated at the corner of Beverly Road and Beford Avenue in an L shape, with nine bays of grouped windows or entrances along Bedford and four along Beverly.",
"Each window bay had a large display window, while the entrance bays are flanked by limestone piers and decorative spandrel panels that draw the eyes upward.",
"The entrances are recessed to protect customers from inclement weather."
],
[
"History",
"===Background===The town of Flatbush was annexed by the neighboring city of Brooklyn in 1894.In the subsequent decades the area saw intense development, spurred by increasing transit.",
"By the 1920s the intersection of Church and Flatbush Avenues was a busy commercial area.",
"Having started with mail order sales, Sears, Roebuck and Co. expanded to retail operations in 1925; by 1929 it was the third-largest retailer in the country, and it continued growing through the subsequent Great Depression.Sears opened its first retail store in New York City in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn in 1930.They announced a new flagship store for the location at Bedford Avenue and Beverly Road in March 1932; the site was near the busy commercial area on Flatbush Avenue, and its location was chosen to target the \"motoring shopper\"—land in the area was cheaper than congested downtown Brooklyn, and it was centrally located between the established, older neighborhoods to the north and the developing, car-equipped southern regions.",
"Originally, the site was to have occupied two blocks, separated by the course of East 23rd St.; the road was not extended, and the blocks were merged.===Construction===The site was originally occupied by roughly ten homes and car barns.",
"The Cheshill Realty Corporation acquired 25 parcels for the store through private negotiations in 1931–1932; the ''Brooklyn Eagle'' called the purchases the \"Flatbush mystery\".",
"The announcement of the new store, coinciding with two others in Union City and Hackensack, New Jersey, was only made once all the land had been purchased.===21st century===The building was designated a New York City landmark in 2012.At this point, Sears was in dire financial straits; the company had merged with Kmart a few years earlier amid increasing competition from ecommerce, and under chief executive Eddie Lampert started spinning off brands and selling stores.",
"In 2018, the company filed for bankruptcy protection, and the store would become the final open Sears location in New York City.During the COVID-19 pandemic, the parking lot served as a drive-thru testing area.",
"In November 2021, the Sears closed.",
"While the landmarked building is protected from demolition, Clipper Equity announced plans to build two seven-story buildings on the site for a total of 650 residential units on the remaining lot area."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Min Kuo Jih Pao"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''''Min Kuo Jih Pao''''' (), or the '''''Republican Daily News''''', was a Chinese newspaper initially published in Shanghai.",
"Founded by Chen Qimei and others on 22 January 1916, it had Ye Chucan and Shao Lizi as its chief editors.",
"Initially, it served as the primary publication for the Chinese Revolutionary Party before transitioning to the official party newspaper of the Kuomintang (KMT).",
"The newspaper pioneered a management model where the chief editor assumed full responsibility, breaking away from the traditional practice of newspaper operations being dominated by a managerial figure.At its inception, the ''Min Kuo Jih Pao'' was dedicated to opposing Yuan Shikai, actively supporting the Constitutional Protection Movement, and criticising the Beiyang Government.",
"During the May Fourth Movement, it urged various sectors of society to strike and boycott in protest, adopting a radical stance in the subsequent New Culture Movement by exploring issues such as gender equality, women's liberation, and Marxism–Leninism.",
"After Sun Yat-sen's death, control of the newspaper shifted to the Western Hills Conference faction, leading to the Nationalist Party's central committee reorganising the paper in 1926.Following the 12 April Incident, its editorial stance closely aligned with the Nanjing Nationalist Government.",
"In 1932, the newspaper was shut down by the Public Concession authorities following Japanese accusations of disrespectful language towards the Emperor, becoming a catalyst for the January 28 Incident.",
"After the incident, it resumed publication as the '''''Min Pao''''' () until the Battle of Shanghai in 1937.Post-war, it was republished under the name Min Kuo Jih Pao until January 1947.Between 1916 and 1932, the Shanghai-based Min Kuo Jih Pao had a significant impact on Chinese society and, along with ''Ta Kung Pao'', ''Shun Pao'', and ''Yi Shih Pao'', was renowned as one of the \"Four Major Newspapers of the Republic of China.\"",
"Its supplement, \"Awakening,\" was one of the four major supplements during the New Culture Movement.",
"In the 1920s, numerous provincial, municipal, and county branches of KMT established local editions of the ''Min Kuo Jih Pao'', making it the official organ of the local party branches."
],
[
"History",
"=== Opposition to Yuan Shikai ===the Min Kuo Jih Pao was established on 22 January 1916 in the Shanghai French Concession by Chen Qimei and others, with Ye Chucan and Shao Lizi serving as its chief editors.",
"It was the primary newspaper of the Chinese Revolutionary Party.",
"At its launch, the newspaper's main objective was to oppose Yuan Shikai, and its inaugural editorial stated:In subsequent reports, the newspaper continued to refer to Yuan Shikai as a \"tyrant,\" describing his government as \"evil\" and criticising his attempt to restore the monarchy as \"a treacherous theft of the nation.\"",
"It mocked his ascension to the throne as a farcical \"grand ascent,\" denouncing it as shameless.",
"After Yuan Shikai's death, the paper continued to refer to him with derogatory terms such as \"Yuan Shikai, whose evil deeds were fully accumulated,\" \"Yuan the Rebel,\" and \"Yuan the Thief,\" expressing a sense of relief at his death, believing it brought new vitality to the Chinese people.",
"Following Yuan Shikai's failed attempt to declare himself emperor in March 1916, the Min Kuo Jih Pao actively supported the Protection Movement led by Sun Yat-sen, criticising the Beiyang warlord government.",
"The paper referred to the Protection Army as \"righteous troops\" and published a series of articles titled \"Chronicles of the Southwestern Righteous Army.\"",
"It also featured special coverage on the third anniversary of the death of Tongmenghui elder and founding member of the KMT, Song Jiaoren, using the occasion to denounce Yuan's regime.",
"Less than four months after its inception, on 18 May 1916, Chen Qimei, one of the founders of the newspaper, was assassinated in Shanghai.=== New Culture Movement ===During the May Fourth Movement, the Min Kuo Jih Pao supported the KMT opposition to various warlords with the aim of establishing a national government.",
"On 6 May 1919, the Shanghai edition of the Min Kuo Jih Pao published a headline on the front page about the student movement in Beijing, namely the May Fourth Movement.",
"It specially printed a portrait of Cao Rulin, labelling it with phrases such as \"The Traitor Cao Rulin's Portrait\" to express condemnation towards Cao Rulin.",
"The paper also published a telegram from Beijing reporting \"Zhang Zongxiang's serious injury and death\" along with a short commentary titled \"The End of a Traitor,\" referring to Zhang Zongxiang's death.",
"However, Zhang Zongxiang had not died; on 7 May, the paper published another telegram, \"Zhang Zongxiang Still Refuses to Die,\" reporting his revival after fainting at the Japan-China Friendship Hospital.Guangzhou Nationalist Government.",
"After the outbreak of the May Fourth Movement, Shao Lizi was invited to a tea party hosted by the Shanghai Student Union at the Carlton Cafe on Ningbo Road.",
"He called for a citywide strike in Shanghai to support the student movement, and subsequently, the Min Kuo Jih Pao published an editorial titled \"Make a Decision Quickly to Strike,\" urging all sectors of society to participate in strikes and boycotts to support the student movement.",
"Inspired by the Min Kuo Jih Pao and other newspapers, nearly ten thousand people in Shanghai joined the strike and boycott movement in early June.",
"The Min Kuo Jih Pao closely monitored the development of the May Fourth Movement in Jiangsu, providing continuous coverage.",
"When news of the Chinese delegation's refusal to sign the Treaty of Versailles broke, the paper immediately published \"The Wujiang Salvation Group's Telegram to the Delegates,\" expressing support and admiration for the refusal.",
"Following this, the Min Kuo Jih Pao reported on activities in Jiangsu that responded to the May Fourth Movement, including student marches, speeches, the burning of Japanese goods, and protest activities in cities like Jintan, Suqian, Suzhou, Zhenjiang, Nantong, Xuzhou, and Huaian.the Min Kuo Jih Pao was dedicated to promoting the New Culture Movement and supporting the labour movement, which led to repeated difficulties with the concession authorities.",
"It was prosecuted by the police for \"inciting public sentiment and disturbing public order,\" resulting in a court order from the Mixed Court to suspend publication for reorganisation.",
"The newspaper also faced legal challenges for its reports on and support for the labour movement, being accused of \"propagating extremism\" and was instructed not to promote radical ideas.",
"In September 1919, the Shanghai edition of the Min Kuo Jih Pao published an article titled \"Explanation of the Anfu Clan Genealogy,\" which exposed the dictatorship and treasonous activities of the Anfu Club, leading to accusations of \"insulting the President and officials in office.\"",
"Despite vigorous defence by its lawyers in the subsequent legal proceedings, the newspaper was not found guilty.",
"However, its manager, Shao Lizi, and chief editor, Ye Chucan, were each fined 100 silver dollars.=== Northern Expedition ===In 1924, the Min Kuo Jih Pao issued a supplement titled \"Comment on Comments\"The First National Congress of the KMT, held in January 1924, marked the beginning of the First United Front between the KMT and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).",
"After this congress, the Min Kuo Jih Pao became the official organ of the Central Committee of the KMT, with a circulation reaching up to 9,000 copies daily, primarily among students and KMT members.",
"In February 1924, Qu Qiubai arrived in Shanghai and participated in the reorganisation of the KMT's Shanghai Executive Department and the Min Kuo Jih Pao.",
"Following its reorganisation, the newspaper began to display a clear revolutionary orientation in its political stance, vigorously defending the declarations of the KMT's First Congress, the national workers' movement, the anti-imperialist movement, and support for the Soviet Union.",
"This stance led to suspicion and opposition from the right-wing faction within the KMT, with some accusing the Min Kuo Jih Pao of becoming a mouthpiece for the Communist Party, and Qu Qiubai being suspected of being an \"executive member of the Russian Communist Party within the KMT.",
"\"Ye Chucan was elected as a member of the Central Executive Committee at the KMT's First Congress and soon served as the Minister of Propaganda.",
"After Sun Yat-sen's death, Ye Chucan later joined the Western Hills Conference, causing the Min Kuo Jih Pao to gradually become the mouthpiece of the Western Hills Conference faction.",
"The newspaper shifted its stance, publishing numerous anti-communist articles and openly opposing cooperation between the KMT and the CCP.",
"The right-wing forces within the KMT grew, leading to the marginalization of the KMT's left-wing and Communist members within the Min Kuo Jih Pao.",
"By the end of 1925, the newspaper was completely controlled by the right-wing Western Hills Conference faction.In January 1926, the Second National Congress of the KMT passed a resolution to discipline individuals like Ye Chucan and ordered that the newspaper \"be handed over for reorganisation or complete change of attitude.\"",
"The Central Executive Committee of the KMT in Guangzhou declared the newspaper to be occupied by reactionary elements, with absurd discussions and greatly deviating from the party's principles.",
"It cut off the newspaper's funding, leading to its suspension for reorganisation on 26 October.",
"The newspaper resumed publication on 7 November, announcing its break from the control of the Western Hills faction, its support for Sun Yat-sen and the Guangzhou National Government, and its advocacy for the National Revolution.",
"On 10 January 1927, due to the Northern Expedition and opposition from Sun Chuanfang, who then controlled Shanghai, the newspaper was suspended again.",
"When the Northern Expedition forces reached Shanghai on 21 March, the newspaper immediately resumed publication.",
"The KMT's Special Municipal Party Committee in Shanghai and the Eastern Route Army Command of the National Revolutionary Army declared it as their official organ, making it the first news and propaganda institution established by the KMT in Shanghai.=== Propaganda for Chiang Kai-shek ===After the 12 April Coup in 1927, Chen Dewei became the chief editor of the Min Kuo Jih Pao.",
"The newspaper transitioned into a propaganda tool for the Nanjing government led by Chiang Kai-shek.",
"In 1930, Chen Dewei organised a public opinion survey to \"elect the greatest Chinese personality,\" where he emerged first, ahead of Chiang Kai-shek, who was ranked second.",
"This result greatly displeased Chiang Kai-shek.",
"Consequently, in the autumn of 1930, Chen Dewei was detained in Nanjing.",
"Although later released on bail by Wu Jingheng, Chen was demoted and relegated to a position from which he could never be reinstated.",
"After Chen Dewei left the Min Kuo Jih Pao, Yan Shenyu took over as the newspaper's main person in charge.",
"Between 1927 and 1932, the newspaper's political commentary was highly aligned with the Nanjing government, adopting anti-Soviet and anti-Communist stances, and participated in propaganda against the Guangxi and Guangdong factions, the Fengtian clique, and the reorganisationists.In 1929, Fudan University professor Hong Shen, after watching the American film ''Welcome Danger'' at the Grand Guangming Theater in Shanghai, took the stage inside the cinema to vehemently denounce the movie for insulting China and called for a boycott.",
"Consequently, he was detained by the police.",
"After his release, Hong Shen sued in court and published articles in the ''Min Kuo Jih Pao'' calling for a boycott, leading to the film's lead actor issuing a public apology to the Chinese people in American newspapers, banning the film's screening in other Chinese cities, and forcing the Grand Guangming Theater to publicly apologise to Hong Shen.=== Forced to shut down ===Min Kuo Jih Pao's Shanghai office closed by the police of Shanghai International SettlementOn January 8, 1932, a Korean individual attempted to assassinate the Japanese Emperor with a hand grenade during a military inspection in Tokyo's Yoyogi area.",
"The Min Kuo Jih Pao reported on this incident, with the headline on the unsuccessful attempt to kill the Japanese Emperor and a subtitle that read \"Unfortunately, Only the Secondary Car Was Damaged.\"",
"The Japanese perceived this as an insult to the Emperor and were highly dissatisfied.",
"The Japanese Consulate in Shanghai lodged multiple complaints with the Chinese side, demanding severe punishment and an apology.Faced with threats from the Japanese side and pressure from the Nationalist Government, the Min Kuo Jih Pao ultimately decided to comply with the Japanese demands, sending a representative of the newspaper to personally offer both verbal and written apologies to the Japanese Marine Corps.",
"The Japanese side claimed to reject the apology, demanding the closure of the Min Kuo Jih Pao, and threatened the Shanghai Municipal Council that if the Council did not take action against the newspaper, the Marine Corps would close down the Council itself.",
"In a board meeting held in the absence of the Chinese directors, the Council decided to shut down the premises of the Min Kuo Jih Pao.On January 27, following the Japanese demand to suspend the Min Kuo Jih Pao, the Chinese Foreign Minister Chen Youren and Sun Ke resigned in protest.",
"On January 28, Japanese forces began invading Shanghai.",
"On January 29, the Japanese government issued a statement claiming that the incident was triggered by anti-Japanese movements in China, specifically citing the ''Min Kuo Jih Pao''' publication of disrespectful content towards the Japanese imperial family as one of the pretexts for the invasion.=== Losing influences ===On May 4, 1932, the newspaper was relaunched as ''Min Pao'' with Ye Chucan as its backer, receiving subsidies from the Central Publicity Department of KMT.",
"It ceased publication on November 25, 1937, due to the fall of Shanghai to Japanese hand.Following the surrender of Japan in 1945, the ''Min Kuo Jih Pao'' was approved for republication by the KMT's Central Publicity Department on October 6, 1945.In its early days after resuming publication, the ''Min Kuo Jih Pao'' managed to maintain its operations, especially as other newspapers like Shen Bao and Xinwen Bao were undergoing reorganisation.",
"However, entering 1946, the newspaper struggled to sustain itself, with circulation falling below a thousand copies and frequently operating on borrowed funds.",
"It finally ceased publication on January 31, 1947."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Surprised by Oxford"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Surprised by Oxford''''' is a 2022 British-American mystery romantic drama film written by and starring Rose Reid and Ruairi O'Connor."
],
[
"Plot"
],
[
"Cast",
"*Rose Reid as Caro Drake*Ruairi O'Connor as Kent Webber*Phyllis Logan as Provost Regina Knight*Mark Williams as Professor Nuttham*Simon Callow as Dr. Sterling"
],
[
"Production",
"Filming began in the University of Oxford in October 2021."
],
[
"Release",
"The film premiered at the Heartland International Film Festival on October 8, 2022.Then it was released in theaters on September 27, 2023."
],
[
"Reception",
"The film has a 70% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on ten reviews.",
"Nell Minow of ''RogerEbert.com'' awarded the film three stars.",
"Bradley Gibson of ''Film Threat'' rated the film an 8 out of 10.Cath Clarke of ''The Guardian'' awarded the film two stars out of five."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* *"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Timeline of the Islamic State (2024)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"This is a timeline of Islamic State (ISIS)-related events that occurred in 2024."
],
[
"Timeline",
"===January===* 2 January – Nigerian airstrikes in Kwatan Dilla, Abadam killed Islamic State – West Africa Province (ISWAP) leader Ba'a Shuwa and scores of his fighters.",
"* 3 January – 2024 Kerman bombings: Two suicide bombings took place near a ceremony commemorating the assassination of Qasem Soleimani, killing 84 people.",
"ISIS claimed responsibility for the attacks a day after.",
"* 4 January – In a speech published on Al-Furqan, ISIS spokesperson Abu Hudhayfah Al-Ansari called for supporters to attack Israeli and Jewish targets in the United States and Europe and to \"avenge\" the killings of Hamas militants by the Israel Defense Forces during the Israel–Hamas war.",
"* 6 January:** ISIS claimed responsibility for an attack on a bus in Dashte Barachi, Kabul which killed five people and injured 15 others.",
"** An ISIS attack mortally wounded two Hashed al-Shaabi members in Salahaddin Province.",
"* 9 January:** ISIS killed at least 14 Syrian soldiers on a military bus near Palmyra.",
"** ISIS claimed responsibility for a bombing on a minivan belonging to Kabul's main prison, killing three people and injuring four others.",
"* 11 January:** Iranian authorities claimed they identified the ringleader and bomb-maker of the Kerman bombings, and arrested 35 other people with alleged links to the attacks.",
"** Israel Police and the Shin Bet made a joint statement announcing the arrests of two ISIS supporters from East Jerusalem who were planning to conduct bombing attacks against security forces in the Israeli capital.",
"* 12 January – Pakistani authorities captured two Islamic State – Khorasan Province (ISIS-K) would-be suicide bombers near Peshawar who were planning to target regional politicians.",
"* 14 January – ISIS militants shot at an Iraqi army position near Haditha, killing three soldiers and injuring one.",
"* 15 January:** 2024 Iranian missile strikes in Iraq and Syria: The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) launched airstrikes in Erbil targeting an alleged Mossad headquarter and several sites in Syria which it said were linked to ISIS.",
"** A clash between Boko Haram and ISWAP on the islands of Kandahar and Kaduna Ruwa killed dozens of militants.",
"* 25 January – The US and Iraq agreed to start talks about ending the presence of the US-led coalition in the country.",
"Iraq said that ISIS was defeated and the coalition's goal was accomplished.",
"* 28 January – 2024 Istanbul Church shooting: Two ISIS-affiliated gunmen shot and killed a man in Santa Maria Church, Istanbul during Sunday Mass.",
"Both gunmen, along with 47 people with suspected ties to the attack, were arrested.",
"* 30 January – ISIS claimed responsibility for a bombing targeting an election rally for Tehreek-e-Insaf which killed four people and injured five others.===February===* 2 February – ISWAP gunmen opened fire on police officers at a police station in Gajiram, killing four.",
"* 7 February – 2024 Balochistan bombings: ISIS claimed responsibility for two bombings in Pishin and Killa Saifullah which killed at least 28 people and injured over 40 others.",
"* 8 February:** The commander of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) warned that the attacks on US bases by Iran-backed militias could cause ISIS to resurge.",
"** Under code name 'Operation Heroes-49', Turkish authorities detained 147 people who were suspected of having ties to ISIS.",
"* 9 February – Pakistani forces killed Abdul Shakoor, an ISIS-K member it said was behind the 2024 Balochistan bombings.",
"The Inter-Services Public Relations said that he was planning to conduct further attacks in Balochistan.",
"* 9–11 February – Mucojo attack: ISIS fighters conducted a raid in Mucojo, killing at least 25 Mozambican soldiers.",
"The attack was the group's deadliest on Mozambican troops since 2021.They also killed a bus driver near Meluco, and left a note urging Christians to convert to Islam or pay a jizya, or else they would be killed.",
"* 12 February:** Pakistani forces confirmed the killing of senior ISIS-K leader Surat Gul during a counter-terrorism raid.",
"** Filipino officials said that the mastermind of the Mindanao State University bombing was killed during a clash between ISIS supporters and government forces.",
"* 13 February:** Turkish police arrested a Russian citizen working at Akkuyu nuclear plant during a probe on ISIS.",
"** An ISIS attack east of Hama province killed nine Syrian soldiers and injured three others.",
"*15 February – Filipino officials arrested a woman declared by the United States as a facilitator for the Islamic State's Philippines branch.",
"*18 February – A gun battle between Filipino troops and the ISIS-aligned Maute group left six soldiers and two rebels dead near Munai.",
"*19 February – Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) rebels killed 13 people in Mambasa Territory, Ituri Province in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.",
"*20 February – ADF rebels armed with machetes and guns killed 11 people in Beni Territory."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Gen Kitchen"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Genevieve Victoria Kitchen''' (born 5 May 1995) is a British politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Wellingborough in Northamptonshire since she won the 2024 Wellingborough by-election on 15 February 2024.A member of the Labour Party, she was a member of Newham Council in Greater London from 2018 to 2022."
],
[
"Early life",
"Kitchen was born in 1995, the daughter of two Royal Navy veterans.",
"She grew up in Northamptonshire, and attended Caroline Chisholm School in Northampton, John Hellins Primary School in Towcester, and Kingsbrook Secondary School (now Elizabeth Woodville School) in Deanshanger.",
"She studied history and politics at Queen Mary University of London, and graduated in 2016."
],
[
"Career",
"Kitchen has been a fundraiser in the charity sector, working with organisations including The Salvation Army, Sarcoma UK, a children's hospice and a children's health charity.",
"She is also a former councillor in the London Borough of Newham where she represented the Boleyn ward.In the 2019 general election, Kitchen stood for Labour in South Northamptonshire, finishing in second place with 20.9% of the vote behind the incumbent Conservative MP and Business Secretary Andrea Leadsom.In November 2023, she was selected as the prospective parliamentary candidate for Wellingborough.",
"When the recall petition to remove Peter Bone was successful, she launched her campaign in the 2024 Wellingborough by-election.",
"She was endorsed by the former Conservative leader of the local council.",
"Kitchen was elected as MP for Wellingborough, winning with 45.9% of the vote and a majority of 6,436."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Kitchen married her husband Joe in October 2023 and later stated that she had cut short her honeymoon in Suffolk to campaign in the 2024 by-election."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* *"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Phoenix NBA G League team"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Phoenix NBA G League team''' is an American professional basketball team of the NBA G League and an affiliate of the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association.",
"Based in Phoenix, Arizona, the team will play their home games during the 2024–25 season at an arena to be determined in the Phoenix metro area.",
"Venue, logo and name will be announced in the spring of 2024.<!--- The next two sections are commented out until they start playing"
],
[
"Season by season",
"SeasonDivisionRegular SeasonPostseason ResultsFinishWinsLossesPct.",
"'''Phoenix''' 2024–25 — — — — Regular Season Record 0 0 .000 Playoff Record 0 0 .000"
],
[
"Current roster",
" --->"
],
[
"Affiliates",
"*Phoenix Suns (2024–present)"
],
[
"References",
"<!---"
],
[
"External links",
"* --->"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Abba Verbeck Newton"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Abba Verbeck Newton''' (February 19, 1908–May 5, 1996) was a pioneering American mathematician, one of the few women who earned a PhD in mathematics in the United States before the start of World War II."
],
[
"Biography",
"Abba Verbeck Newton was one of two daughters born to Samuel Smith Newton and Sarah C. Verbeck in Ballston Spa, New York.",
"Her parents, wed in 1905, were born in Albany and Ballston Spa, New York, respectively.",
"Samuel Newton worked in Ballston Spa for the American Hide and Leather Company and both Abba and her older sister Katharine Marguerite (1906–1994) were born there.",
"=== Education ===Newton went to Ballston Spa High School in New York 1920–1924 and St. Margaret’s School in Waterbury, Connecticut, 1924–1925.She enrolled in Mount Holyoke College and earned her BA there in 1929, graduating magna cum laude with majors in both mathematics and chemistry.",
"Her first job was teaching math at Science Hill School, which was a girls’ preparatory school in Shelbyville, Kentucky.",
"During the summer of 1930, she studied mathematics education at Teachers College, Columbia University, in New York.",
"Immediately after that, she headed for the University of Chicago to study math and was there full time from 1930 through 1933 with the help of a scholarship 1932–1933.She earned her master’s degree in 1931, under the direction of Mayme Logsdon.",
"She followed with her doctorate, directed by Ernest Preston Lane, awarded in 1933, based on her dissertation titled ''Consecutive Covariant Configurations at a Point of a Space Curve''.=== Professor ===Newton's PhD did not help her find employment in 1933 during the time of the Great Depression.",
"In April 1934, she was offered a teaching assignment to fill in for an absent instructor at the American International College in Springfield, Massachusetts.Finally, in 1944, Newton was named an assistant professor at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York.",
"She stayed at Vassar for 29 years during which time she was promoted to associate professor in 1950 and then full professor in 1957.Three times, she chaired the college's math department (1950–1951, 1953–1958, and 1966–1967), and when she retired in 1973, she was named professor emeritus.",
"During her years at Vassar, Newton served as a faculty fellow at the Institute Henri Poincaré at the Sorbonne, Paris, France in 1951 and at Duke University in North Carolina in 1966.In addition, she served as an NSF science faculty fellow at the University of Michigan 1958–1959 and a visiting research fellow at Princeton in 1971.===Later years===When Newton retired from Vassar, she remained in Poughkeepsie.",
"She continued to spend time with tennis, rowing, and hiking and was active in the Adirondack Mountain Club through the 1980s.",
"She was also a trustee of St. Margaret’s School for five years and participated on the county World Affairs council.Newton was 88 when she died on May 5, 1996, at Eden Park Nursing Home in Poughkeepsie.",
"She was buried in the family plot in the Ballston Spa Cemetery."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Stamp rally"
],
[
"Introduction",
"A '''stamp rally''' (スタンプラリー) is an event or course dedicated to collecting stamps that follow a certain theme at sites such as train stations, rest areas, tourist attractions, museums, zoos, onsen towns, shopping malls, and other locations.",
"The popularity of stamp rallies in Japan started with the phenomenon of the ''eki'' stamp.",
"The distinction is that stamp rallies usually follow a certain theme and are only appear for a limited time, in contrast to standard ''eki'' stamps bearing the likeness of a station, which are usually available forever, or until they are redesigned.",
"The term \"stamp rally\" is a ''wasei-eigo'' invention.In addition to rallies organized by chain stores, railroad companies, or travel agencies, rallies are often organized by tourist associations in local cities.",
"There are also some people who do not intentionally participate in rallies to receive any special benefits, rather engaging with stamps as a personal hobby, stamping their own stamp books as they find them wherever they go, regardless of the type.",
"Some stamp rallies focus on historic sites, such as the Japan Castle Foundation's \"100 Famous Castles in Japan\", which has included a stamp rally since 2007.Like the ''eki'' stamp, stamp rallies replicate a history inherited from the ''shuin'' stamps provided at sacred sites like Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines, especially on the routes of pilgrimages.",
"Stamp rallies have some conceptual commonalities with the long-running ''Passport to Your National Parks'' campaign in the United States.In some cases, rather than filling a book with each stamp in a dedicated box, a stamp rally might be designed to encourage layering color-separated stamps over the same spot with different colors of ink to give a similar effect to screen printing with multiple plates.",
"This way, visiting each station of the rally is required to view all the layers of the stamp.JR, major private railway and subway companies, and bus companies sometimes hold stamp rallies during spring, summer, and winter vacations.",
"Stamp rallies conducted in collaboration with various media properties are often held, such as television dramas, films, anime, and video games.",
"Many are themed around mascot characters.",
"Stamp rally tie-ins for children's anime series are especially popular.",
"Some stamp rallies, such as at roadside stations, are held throughout the year.",
"Often, stamp rallies conducted in collaboration with anime or television series set in contemporary Japan focus on the many types of landmark locations featured in the work, rather than working with singular private transportation companies or chain businesses.",
"These can be seen as public–private collaborations with local municipal governments, film associations, chambers of commerce, shopping streets, or tourism associations as a means of encouraging and rewarding ''Seichi Junrei'', rather than corporate partnerships.",
"Some recent examples include ''Laid-Back Camp'' (season 3) and ''Edomae Elf''."
],
[
"Railways",
"=== Pokémon ======= East Japan Rail Company (JR East) tie-ins ====Since 1997 East Japan Railway Company (JR East) has been conducting an annual project to place stamps of characters from the Pokémon media series at major stations in the Tokyo metropolitan area during the summer vacation period of elementary and junior high school students (except in 2001–2002, 2016, and 2020–2022).",
"In some years, participants could win limited-edition trading cards.In 1997 stamps were placed at 30 stations in the Tokyo metropolitan area, and from 1998, at a dozen stations on the Yamanote Line; in 2003, the number was expanded to 83 stations, including those covered by the \"Holiday Pass\" (the predecessor of the Holiday Outing Pass).",
"In 2005, 100 stamps were placed at 97 stations, and long lines formed every day at stations with stamps of popular characters.",
"Since 2004, two of the stamps have been placed at Tokyo Monorail stations, a member of the JR East Group.",
"In 2011, due to the Great East Japan Earthquake, the \"Pokemon B&W Stamp Rally\" was reduced to a simple rally in which participants could choose one of 12 stations along two courses on the Yamanote Line and collect stamps at six stations.",
"In 2013, the scope was expanded again to include the \"Holiday Outing Pass\", and the installation of stamps at Tokyo Monorail stations (one out of all stamps) was resumed.",
"In 2017, the number was increased to 50 stations (installation at Tokyo Monorail stations was suspended until 2018), and in 2018 to 55 stations.",
"In 2023, in commemoration of the Pokémon World Championships 2023 was held in Yokohama, the \"JR East Pokémon World Championships 2023 Stamp Rally\" was held in the \"JR East Pokémon World Championships 2023 Stamp Rally\".",
"The \"Metropolitan Area Course\" includes stamps from 10 stations (or three of them) within the scope of the \"Holiday Pass\" and \"Nombiri Holiday Suica Pass,\" while the \"Shinkansen Course\" includes stamps from only one of five designated Shinkansen stations in the Tohoku, Joetsu, and Hokuriku regions.From 1997 to 2000 participation was based on an advance application system.",
"Since 1998, the rally has been held on Saturdays and Sundays, and the number of participants has been limited.",
"Since 2003, the rally has been open to all participants and requires a ticket to each station, a free train ticket, and a Suica.",
"From 2006 to 2010, ''Summer Vacation Timetable: Pokemon Stamp Rally Special Edition'' (夏休み時刻表 ポケモン・スタンプラリー特別号) which was published by Kotsu Shinbunsha and served as the official guidebook for the rally, was also published, and was commonly known as \"Pokemon Timetable\".",
"In 2019, stamp books was distributed at all stations where stamps were installed to collect all the stamps.In 2005 the stamps alternated between even-numbered days and odd-numbered days; in 2015, the stamp type (Pokémon) at some stations changed between the first and second terms (e.g., Gombe on even-numbered days in 2005, Kabigon on odd-numbered days; Harimarron on the first term in 2015, Brigarron on the second term).",
"were stamped with two different Pokémon on one stamp at some stations.In 1998 and 1999 the stamps of the characters were installed, and in 2019 they were installed for the first time in 20 years.From 2006 to 2010 and 2012 to 2015 some stations were secret stations, where the Pokémon was not identified at all until the stamp was placed.",
"In 2015, the station where the stamp was placed was also a secret.In 1997 the first year of the stamp rally, participants collected stamps of all 30 stations in the Tokyo metropolitan area in less than two days.",
"Until 2010, the prize is exchanged at Tokyo, Shinjuku, Ikebukuro, Shinagawa, Ueno, and Matsudo stations at the end of the stamp rally.",
"In 2013, a souvenir and a certificate of achievement were distributed, followed by a certificate of achievement with a different design for each of the six stations when the stamps of the remaining stations were collected.",
"In 2015, a certificate of achievement was distributed for each of the remaining stations; in 2017, a souvenir for each area achieved was distributed for each of the remaining stations, and a souvenir that also served as a certificate of achievement was distributed for all stations achieved; in 2018 and 2019, a souvenir that also served as a certificate of achievement was distributed for each of the remaining stations achieved afterwards; and in 2015, a souvenir for each of the remaining stations achieved was distributed for all stations achieved afterwards.",
"In 2011–2015, only Shinjuku and Ueno Stations exchanged prizes upon completion.",
"2017, only 6 stations were completed at 12 designated Ekinka stores in the area, and only Ueno Station (which also completed 6 stations) exchanged prizes upon completion of the area and all stations.",
"2018 and 2019, only 6 stations were completed at designated stations in the area (11 stations in 2018).",
"In 2018 and 2019, only 6 stations were completed at NewDays stores in designated stations (11 stations in 2018 and 9 stations in 2019) in the area (in the case of stations with multiple stores, only designated stores were completed), and prizes were exchanged only at Tokyo and Ikebukuro stations (where 6 stations were also completed) when all stations were completed.JR East KiHa 100 series 2-car \"Pokemon With You\" trainIn conjunction with the stamp rally period, the Yamanote Line operated tie-in \"Pokémon trains\" in 2000, 2002, 2005, and 2010.The train bodies were covered with Pokémon character stickers, and the ads and LCD screens inside the trains were united with Pokémon-related items.",
"The trains were operated on the Chuo and Sobu Lines (at various stations) in 2004, and on the Tokyo Monorail from 2006 to 2016 and in 2019.The Sendai area has also hosted the festival in 1998 and 2012 (spring and summer) – 2014.==== Pokémon stamp rallies conducted by other businesses ====Railways* West Japan Railway Company (JR West) – 1998–2000 and 2007–2016.In 2007 the program was implemented in JR West's Urban Network area and Hiroshima / Yamaguchi area.",
"After another development, an ICOCA card had to be presented.",
"* Nagoya Railroad – 2001, 2007 – 2018: three times in spring, June, and summer in 2007, and twice in spring and summer from 2008 to 2014.",
"* Nishi-Nippon Railroad – 2001* Osaka Metro – 2003, 2006, 2018: In 2003 and 2006, planned as the predecessor (before privatization) Osaka Municipal Subway* Hankyu Corporation – 2004* Kobe Municipal Subway – 2006* Hokkaido Railway Company – 2008–2010* Fukuoka City Subway – 2008* Kyushu Railway Company – 2009–2015* Sapporo City Transportation Bureau – 2013 – 2019* Sendai City Transportation Bureau – 2019* AbukumaExpress – 2022Convenience stores* Seven-Eleven Japan – 2014-2015Highways* Nakanihon Exis – 2008 and 2009 – Conducted at NEXCO Central Japan service area and parking area=== Tour format ===In addition to regular stamp rallies, JR West also organizes stamp rallies that are combined with travel products, in which the stamps are not at stations on specific lines, but at all locations at specific sightseeing spots.",
"In the past, ''Naruto'', ''The Kindaichi Case Files'', and ''Detective School Q'' have been used.",
"Travel products are available through JR West's travel agency, Nippon Travel Agency, as well as JTB, Kinki Nippon Tourist, and JR Shikoku's Warp.JRW-500 Evangelion bullet trainPoster for the East Japan Railway Company 2019 Kinnikuman stamp rally=== East Japan Rail Company (JR East) ===Apart from Pokémon, JR East has conducted stamp rally tie-ins with several other series.==== Past collaborations ====* 2016 ''- Neon Genesis Evangelion'' 20th anniversary, including a wrapped bullet train, the \"500 Type EVA\"* 2019 - Kinnikuman* 2023** Plarail** ''Sumikko Gurashi''=== Tokyo Metro ===Tokyo Metro operates subway the lines in the Tokyo metropolitan area.",
"* 1999 - Shenmue* Summer 2023 - Studio Ghibli=== Seibu Railway ===Seibu Railway, with some anime production companies scattered along its lines, has held stamp rallies for many animation productions.",
"In particular, the 2014 stamp rally featuring ''Yokai Watch'' was one of the company's biggest hits, with prize cards in short supply and lines forming at stations where stamps of popular characters were placed.==== Past Collaborations ====A Seibu train advertising Misato Watanabe's JUNGLE PARADISE concert.",
"Trains operating during Seibu stamp rally collaborations have similar oval advertisements placed at the head of the train.",
"* 2008** ''Hello Kitty''** ''Sgt.",
"Frog'' (Spring)* 2009 – ''Fresh Pretty Cure!",
"''* 2010 – ''Heart Catch PreCure!",
"''* 2011** ''Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger''** ''Suite PreCure''** ''Cardfight Vanguard''* 2012** ''Smile PreCure!",
"''** ''Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters the Movie''* 2013 – ''The Wind Rises''* 2014 – ''Yokai Watch''* 2015 ** ''Moyasimon: Tales of Agriculture'' & ''Maria the Virgin Witch'' (Winter)** Dragon Ball Z: Resurrection 'F' (Golden Week)** ''Shaun the Sheep Movie'' (Before Summer)** ''Yokai Watch'' (Summer)* 2016** Kamisama Minarai: Himitsu no Cocotama (Golden Week)** ''Aikatsu Stars!''",
"(Summer)* 2017** Kamisama Minarai: Himitsu no Cocotama (Golden Week)** ''Snack World'' (Summer)** ''Love Live!",
"Sunshine'' (Autumn)* 2018** ''Love Live!",
"Sunshine'' (Early Summer)** ''Gudetama'' (Summer)** ''The Idolmaster Cinderella Girls'' (November)* 2019** Koupen-chan** ''The Lion King'' (2019 live-action)** ''Love Live!",
"School Idol Festival'' ~after school ACTIVITY～ Next Stage (also implemented in-game)* 2020** Hypnosis Mic: Division Rap Battle** Doraemon: Nobita's New Dinosaur** Stand by Me Doraemon 2* 2022** Doraemon: Nobita's Little Star Wars 2021** ''Love Live!",
"Superstar''** ''Strawberry Prince''* 2023** ''Doraemon: Nobita's Sky Utopia''** ''Yohane the Parhelion: Sunshine in the Mirror''=== Sagami Railway ===Sagami Railway's stamp rally has stamps at a total of 25 stations on the Sotetsu Main Line and Sotetsu Izumino Line.",
"All 25 stations have different designs, and the number of stamps is larger than in other stamp rallies.",
"In recent years, the number of stations with stamps has been reduced.Sagami Railway Series 11000 Sounyan Train==== Past collaborations ====* 2008 and 2010 – previous trains that ran on the Sotetsu Line* 2009 – Animals located at Yokohama Zoo and Tanemaru* 2011 and 2012 – Sotetsu Line and local trains in Tohoku* 2013 – Local mascot characters along the Sotetsu line* 2014 – ''Ultraman''* 2015 – Sounyan and Sotetsu Line trains* 2016 – Sounyan and Sotetsu Line trains (stations reduced)* 2017 – Sounyan and Sotetsu Line trains (stations reduced)* 2023 – Sounyan"
],
[
"Convenience stores",
"7-Eleven ''Aikatsu!''",
"stamp rallyConvenience stores are also occasional stamp rally collaborators, or will otherwise use the aesthetics of a stamp rally to conduct rewards programs.==== Lawson ====* 2021 - ''Neon Genesis Evangelion''==== Seven-Eleven Japan ====* 2013-2014 - ''Aikatsu!''",
"and ''Kamen Rider''==== Seicomart ====* 2019 - Seicomart"
],
[
"Conventions",
"Stamp rallies are common features at anime conventions, trade fairs, and conventions or expositions dedicated to Japanese or world cultures, both in Japan and internationally.",
"In a common arrangement at anime conventions, attendees who purchase goods over a certain cost threshold at participating booths become eligible for a stamp.",
"After completing a stamp book, they may earn a prize, usually a free merchandise item.",
"In some cases, the purchased goods must pertain to a certain media property, and the reward is related to said property.",
"In other cases, the reward pool is more general in nature or involves the convention itself, like a special pin.",
"These programs may either be designed by the managers of the event or arranged among a group of independently acting booth vendors.",
"* AnimeJapan at Tokyo Big Sight* World Expo 2005, Aichi Prefecture - European Union member countries* Anime Expo Chibi* PopCon Indy* Anime Gaming Con of Fresno, California* Virtual Market, produced by Japanese Virtual Reality startup HIKKY, allows users to participate in a virtual convention stamp rally in VRChat."
],
[
"Roadside stations",
"Stamp rallies are held at roadside stations (''michi no eki'', 道の駅) throughout Japan for each region (the jurisdiction of the regional development bureaus of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism).",
"The 2023-2024 Hokkaido ''michi no eki'' rally included 127 participating stations.==== Roadside station QSL card stamping ====Some Japan Amateur Radio League members affiliated with Kuji Sunkist Club, JR7YKK, issue '''''Michi-no-Eki QRV''''' (道の駅QRV) awards to amateur radio operators for collecting QSL cards and stamping them at roadside stations close to the sender.",
"A special-purpose database software utility was created for logging stamped QSL cards called '''''Michi-no-Eki Get's''''' (道の駅 Get's)."
],
[
"Compensatory activities",
"The following are examples of stamp rallies that are not designed as travel stamp rallies, but commemorate the use of services provided by financial institutions, chain stores, government offices, etc.",
"that are located across a wide area.",
"The goal for hobbyists is to collect some proof of use.=== Travel savings ===Deposits and withdrawals are made at local post offices, etc., and are commemorated by receiving a post office seal.=== Financial Institutions ======= ''Resona Meguri'' ====Saitama Resona Bank'''''Resona Meguri''''' (りそなめぐり) is a stamping-related hobby in which participants visit the former Asahi Bank (Resona Bank, Saitama Resona Bank) and make deposits to have the name of the head office or branch of the bank concerned printed in their ''Kurashi no Tsucho'' (passbook for daily life).",
"Some people collect them at former Asahi Bank branches because the name of the main branch is printed in kanji characters on the passbook when depositing at a cash machine (however, when using an ATM at the account branch, the name of the branch is not listed and is left blank).In the past, even the name of the branch office of non-branch ATMs was accurately displayed, so there were some enthusiasts who went there, but now the name of the home branch that has jurisdiction over the ATM is displayed.",
"However, nowadays, ATMs in ''Resona Personal Stations'' also display the name of the home branch if the branch code is the same as that of the home branch.",
"When using , \"RBT-XXXXXXXXX\" is displayed instead of the branch name, which is a 7-digit number that corresponds to the unique code of the location where the ATM is used.The name of the ATM branch outside the store is not printed, but the name of the mother store is printed.",
"When a transaction is made at another bank, the name of the bank is printed or the financial institution code and branch code are printed.Branches that are inaccessible or require permission to use include the House of Representatives Branch, the House of Councillors Branch, and the Osaka Sales Department JR West Sub-Branch.",
"* The House of Councillors Branch is located in the House of Councillors Building and can be accessed from the general customer counter, but may not be available due to security reasons.",
"** There is also an ATM under the jurisdiction of the House of Councillors Branch in the National Diet Library.",
"(General customers can also use the ATM.)",
"The House of Representatives branch is located in the first annex of the House of Representatives.",
"* The House of Representatives branch is located in the first annex of the House of Representatives and is not accessible unless there is a legitimate or special reason due to security reasons at the reception desk.",
"The same applies to the JR West Branch located in the headquarters of West Japan Railway Company (JR West).==== Equivalent at regional banks ====Other regional banks, such as Michinoku Bank and , may do the same.In the case of Michinoku Bank, it is also displayed at the account store.",
"In particular, in the case of Michinoku Bank, it is also called '''''Michinoku Meguri'''''.",
"Regional banks may not have ATMs at some of their branches, such as those in Tokyo, so in this case, they are printed only at the counter.There are cases where this was possible before but has since been phased out.",
"Kagawa Bank, Aozora Bank, and Daishi Houketsu Bank, in January 2007, May 2016, and January 2017, respectively, discontinued branch name printing when they updated their core banking account systems.==== Others ====Although it varies from financial institution to financial institution, in some cases, the branch number of the branch where the deposit or withdrawal was made is printed when the deposit or withdrawal is made.",
"Mizuho Bank also falls into this category, but in its case, the Shibuya Chuo Branch Broadcast Center Sub-Branch (branch number 165, located in the restricted area of the NHK Broadcasting Center) cannot be accessed.",
"In rare cases, such as at MUFG Bank and , the store number of the branch where the book was written is printed regardless of the type of transaction.",
"In the case of Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, the store number is printed on the passbook when using an ATM of a non-branch location.Depending on the financial institution, there are cases in which the branch code is printed in a dedicated field, or in the Abstract field or the Deposit/Payment field.=== Mister Donut Card campaign ==='''Mister Donut Meguri''' (ミスタードーナツ巡り) is another travel-related hobby involving visiting Mister Donut locations and purchasing more than 300 worth of merchandise to receive and collect the store's '''MisDo Card''' (ミスドカード), fomerly known as the Lucky Card(ラッキーカード).This is often practiced by people who engage with travel savings activities.When it comes to the details, different enthusiasts have different opinions:* Whether or not a store is considered a separate store before and after a name change* Whether or not before and after store relocation is considered a separate store* Whether or not the store is regarded as a separate store before and after changing the store number* Whether or not a satellite store is permittedOn November 26, 2006, the \"MisDo Card Campaign\" ended and the distribution of MisDo Cards was discontinued.",
"On December 1 of the same year, \"Misdo Club\" was launched nationwide, shifting to a point card system.",
"Customers began receiving and collecting store-numbered MisDo Club point cards, receipts, and advertisements with coupons.However, the \"MisDo Club Point Card\" was discontinued on September 30, 2013 (the card was be completely discontinued in 2014 after one year of validity).",
"Since then, depending on the campaign, the card distribution has been restored and the name of the issuing store has been added to the card, so that this tour is once again possible as in the past.=== Lawson receipt collecting ===Some enthusiasts visit Lawson locations, a major nationwide convenience store chain, and collect receipts.Lawson, showing a printed addressSince Lawson was one of the first convenience stores in Japan to expand into all prefectures, it is often seen in travel destinations and is visited while procuring groceries for the trip.",
"In addition, if a customer settles a bill using an SMBC OMC Card, the name of the branch is clearly indicated on the monthly bill, making it easy to manage and catalog visits.The following is a list of stores that are 'difficult to visit'.",
"* Stores on university campuses – sometimes located in areas that are off-limits to non-university personnel.",
"* Stores in expressway parking areas – With few exceptions, stores in these areas are difficult to access from outside the expressway, so most stores are only accessible via the expressway.",
"However, nowadays, the number of places that can be accessed from outside the expressway is increasing, so the degree of difficulty is decreasing compared to the past.",
"* Narita Airport Branch* Kansai International Airport Cargo Building* Corporate facilities – In many cases, these stores are only available to corporate staff.",
"For example, Maihama BFS (Operated by Bay Food Service) is a cast-only branch located backstage at the Tokyo Disney Resort, and is almost impossible for the general public to visit.",
"* Stores on the premises of the Self-Defense Forces – Usually only available to Self-Defense Force personnel, and due to confidentiality issues, it is next to impossible for the general public to visit these stores.",
"The store on the premises of the General Staff Office in Itami is open to the general public, but only a few times a year at most, so it is difficult for people from far away to visit.=== CoCo Ichibanya stamp collecting ===Some people make tours of branches of CoCo Ichibanya, the largest Japanese chain of curry restaurants, sometimes abbreviated to '''CoCo-Ichi Meguri'''.The postcards on the table are stamped with a rubber stamp of the store name and the store number, and in a narrow sense, these are collected as proof of a visit.",
"Various souvenirs are given out at the opening of new stores, and some people travel around the country to collect them.",
"In the past, these were yellow mugs, but recently they have become more diverse, including socks.",
"For example, at the Musashi-Urawa Station East Exit store, which opened on November 24, 2005, the gift was a strap with a whistle attached.=== Commemorative medal collection ===Many prominent tourist attractions have '''commemorative medal vending machines''' and engraving machines.",
"Some people buy these medals and then use the engraving machines to imprint their names and the date of their visit on the medals for preservation.=== Game Center Meguri ===Some people set out to visit ''game centers,'' or arcades, all over Japan.",
"In particular, Konami's rhythm game series Beatmania IIDX has an event called \"Trip King,\" (行脚王) which records the number of prefectures and stores where the game is played, as well as the number of game machines played if there are multiple machines in a store, in a \"Trip History\" (行脚履歴) published on the Internet.",
"Since the game center trip history is reset after the series has been in operation for about a year, some players aim to visit game centers nationwide every time a new installment becomes available.=== Gotochi card collection ===* *"
],
[
"Governm<nowiki/>ent documents",
"=== Resident certificate collection ===Local governments participating in the '''Basic Resident Registry Network''', or '''Juki Net''', can obtain '''''jūminhyō''''' (住民票, resident certificates) from each other.",
"Using this system, some people visit city, ward, town, and village offices and branch offices nationwide to obtain and collect their own residence certificates as a hobby.",
"Some people collect various kinds of certificates of residence, and find that the different designs of the certificates, which are unique to each municipality, and the different typefaces of the municipal seals are good keepsakes.Some enthusiasts aim for ''jūminhyō'' with special dates, such as the last day of a municipality that changes its name due to a municipal merger, the first day of a new merged municipality, or the last day of issuing a resident card in the name of the mayor before the municipality becomes an ordinance-designated city.",
"However, as for the first day, it is difficult to obtain them because the resident card net may not be available for several days after the new municipality is inaugurated.In the case of a vacancy caused by the arrest, sudden death, or resignation of the mayor of a municipality while in office, the name of the issuer, the mayor, is sometimes crossed out with a double line at the end and the name is changed to \"deputy mayor\".",
"At such a time, hobbyists might also try to collect PR papers.Examples of specially designed residence certificates are listed below.",
"* Since Tama, Tokyo is the home of Sanrio Puroland, a certificate of residence with an illustration of Hello Kitty will be issued.",
"However, if you do not specifically request one when applying for the certificate, it will be issued on a regular form.",
"The fee is 400 yen, double that of the standard form.",
"* Sakaiminato, Tottori issues resident certificates with a watermark of a GeGeGe no Kitarō character's geographical crest.",
"Sakaiminato is the hometown of Kitaro's mangaka.",
"The fee is 300 yen.",
"* Hokuei, Tottori, which has advertised itself as \"Conan Town\", is issuing residence certificates using paper with an illustration of a character from ''Detective Conan''.",
"Even with watermarks, the main character, Conan Edogawa, is prominently displayed in the center of the form, which attracted attention to the town office.",
"The fee is 300 yen.=== Collection of border and immigration material ===As travelers collect passport stamps on their passports, collecting stamps becomes an objective.",
"There are many secret enthusiasts.",
"Some try to collect as many stamps as possible, and some try to collect as many stamps as possible even if they overlap.",
"The stamps themselves are free.Others decide to leave Japan from a different location from the previous one as much as possible.",
"However, if someone uses an automated immigration terminal, they will not receive a stamp."
],
[
"Business behavior",
"When many business sector companies sign a contract with each other, a contract must be drawn up and stamped with the company seal (''jitsuin'') of each company.",
"This is sometimes colloquially, or jokingly, called a \"stamp rally,\" in which the person in charge of contract administration visits each company to have the company seal stamped.",
"In the worst cases, the stamp rally involves a long trip to the same company to have the seal stamped by visiting the department manager of the staff member in charge of the application, the department manager of the related department, the manager of the procurement department, and the manager of the staff member in charge of the accounting department."
],
[
"In popular culture",
"* In ''Animal Crossing: New Horizons'', a virtual stamp rally was held during the International Museum Day event.",
"Nintendo also brought this stamp rally into the real world by collaborating with Hakkeijima Sea Paradise in Yokohama, Umigatari Joetsu Aquarium, and the Seattle Aquarium.",
"* A stamp rally is held in the 51st episode of ''Pokémon the Series: Black & White'', the 708th overall episode of the Pokémon anime.",
"* \"Merit Stamp Cards\" are part of the quest reward system in ''Ni no Kuni: Wrath of the White Witch''.",
"A sheet of stamps must be completed in order to earn a reward ability, and different quests garner different numbers of stamps based on difficulty.",
"* A stamp rally collection features in ''Kirby's Return to Dream Land Deluxe'' for the Nintendo Switch''.",
"''* A stamp rally plays a part in the game design of the 2016 Grasshopper Manufacture free-to-play title, Let it Die.",
"* In the Mementos section of ''Persona 5 Royal'', modeled in part off the Tokyo subway system, points earned from stamps can be turned in to Jose in exchange for improved drop rates and experience gain rate-ups.",
"* The ''Edomae Elf'' anime portrayed a stamp rally that occurred simultaneously with the broadcasting of the anime, including a rendering of the real-world stamp book."
],
[
"See also",
"* Rally raid* Shuin* Shikoku Pilgrimage* Eki stamp* Passport stamp* Kyūkyoku Chōjin R – a theme of the JR Iida Line stamp rally.",
"Tagiri Network actually conducted the stamp rally at a later date.",
"* Taro Kono"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Eki-Stamp.com* StampMedal.com* Pokemon Stamp Rally* Japan Stamp Rally Association"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2006–07 in Swiss football"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The following is a summary of the '''2006–07 season''' of competitive football in Switzerland."
],
[
"Super League",
"=== Final league table ==="
],
[
"Challenge League",
"=== Final league table ======Promotion/relegation playoff===As 9th-placed team of the 2006–07 Swiss Super League FC Aarau played a two-legged play-off against Challenge League runners-up AC Bellinzona for a spot in the 2007–08 Super League.",
"''Aarau won 5–2 on aggregate and retain their place in the Swiss Super League.",
"Bellinzona remain in the Swiss Challenge League''."
],
[
"1. Liga",
"===Group 1======Group 2======Group 3======Play-off to Challenge League===;1st round;Final roundSC Cham and FC Gossau are promoted in Challenge League."
],
[
"Swiss Cup final",
"FC Basel beat FC Wil 3–1 in the first semi-final, FC Luzern beat FC Zürich 3–2 in the other and thus they qualified to play each other on Whit Monday 28 May 2007 in the final."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Sources",
"* Switzerland 2006–07 at RSSSF*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Edward Hopkins Cushing"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Edward Hopkins Cushing''' (June 11, 1829January 15, 1879) was a newspaper editor in Houston."
],
[
"Early life",
"Cushing was born on June 11, 1829, in Royalton, Vermont, the son of Daniel and Nancy Anthony Cushing.",
"Daniel was a farmer.",
"Cushing grew up on the family farm, but showed and interest in books and education.",
"He enrolled at Dartmouth University and graduated in 1850."
],
[
"Career",
"Cushing moved to Texas in the early 1850s, while taking jobs as a teacher in Galveston, Brazoria, and Columbia.",
"While still working in Columbia, he started writing for the local paper, the ''Democrat and Planter''.Cushing became owner and editor of the Houston-based ''Telegraph and Texas Register'' in 1856.Despite the name of his newspaper, the editor did not at that time have direct access to news over a telegraph wire.",
"Instead, telegraph service from the east to New Orleans created a regional communications hub out of the Crescent City.",
"Cushing, however, improved this communications link in 1859 by re-founding the Texas Telegraph Company.",
"He collaborated with the Galveston, Houston, and Henderson Railroad to build and maintain a telegraph line between Houston and Galveston, shortening the communications time between the two cities.Cushing was one of the Texas newspaper editors of the 1850s who were Democrats in the mode of John Calhoun.",
"While Cushing was not a native southerner, but he was a booster for southern causes and policies benefitting Houston specifically.",
"Among the latter, he used his editorship to advocate for railroad development with stations in Houston, but also the continued use of Houston as a steamship destination on Buffalo Bayou."
],
[
"Death",
"Cushing died on January 15, 1879.He was buried in Glenwood Cemetery in Houston."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* *"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Muhammad Herindra"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Muhammad Herindra''' (born 30 November 1964) is an Indonesian retired general who is currently serving as Indonesia's deputy minister of defence under Prabowo Subianto.",
"He has held the office since 23 December 2020."
],
[
"Early life",
"Herindra was born on 30 November 1964 in Magelang, Central Java.",
"Herindra's father, Hudaya, was a retired lieutenant colonel who worked in a fertilizer company.",
"Herindra spent most of his childhood in Magelang.",
"He completed his secondary education at the 1st Magelang Junior High School in 1980.He then moved to Jakarta, where he completed his high school education at the 8th Jakarta Senior High School in 1983.Herindra currently chairs the school's alumni association."
],
[
"Military education",
"Herindra entered the Indonesian Military Academy the same year after he completed high school.",
"He was commissioned as an infantry second lieutenant upon graduating from the academy in 1987.He was a recipient of the Adhi Makayasa award, a distinction given to the best graduate of each class in the academy.Upon completing his military education, Herindra was selected to join Kopassus, Indonesia's army special forces unit.",
"He underwent infantry and special forces training before joining the unit.",
"In his later career, he also received advanced military education in the Indonesian Army Command and General Staff College from 1999 until 2000, and the Malaysian Armed Forces Staff College in 2011.Herindra earned a master's degree in intelligence and international relations from the University of Salford in 1994 and another in social sciences from the National University of Malaysia in 2011."
],
[
"Military career",
"Herindra began his career as junior officer for training and organization in Kopassus.",
"He held various commanding and non-commanding position in Kopassus, including a stint as Kopassus's public information officer in 2000.He eventually reached the rank of lieutenant colonel in 2001 and became the commander of the 812th Kopassus Infantry Battalion, a support battalion for the 81th Counterterrorism Special Unit.Herindra underwent his first military assignment outside Kopassus as senior assistant officer for intelligence in the Bukit Barisan (North Sumatra) Regional Military Command.",
"Less than a year later, he was transferred to Bengkalis in Riau as the regency's military district commander.",
"Herindra was involved in countering rampant illegal logging and returned 27 tons of illegal logs in 2005.Herindra was reassigned to the Indonesian Military Academy in 2007 as the deputy commander of the cadet corps.",
"Less than a year later, in 2008 Herindra became the intelligence assistant to Kopassus commander Pramono Edhie Wibowo.",
"He was rotated to the Jakarta Regional Military Command on 14 May 2009 to hold the same position.",
"On 29 July 2010, Herindra was relieved from his position as intelligence assistant.",
"He was posted to the Army Intelligence Center as the director for research and development.",
"After receiving his master's degree from the National University of Malaysia in 2011, Herindra was appointed by Pramono Edhie Wibowo, who had already became the army chief of staff, as his personal staff coordinator.",
"Herindra returned to territorial office on 15 June 2012 as the Commander of the Antasari Military Area, covering the South Kalimantan province.",
"During his tenure in South Kalimantan, Herindra oversaw changes in several key positions in the military area.",
"He visited districts in South Kalimantan to consolidate relations with the local government.",
"Herindra also received the honorary ''Bhayangkara Bahari Utama'' (Chief Naval Police) brevet from South Kalimantan's water police.",
"On 10 June 2013, Herindra was appointed as the deputy commanding general of Kopassus.",
"He was installed on 8 July and continued to held dual office until 24 July."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Herindra is married to Eka Diyah Rusyati, a dentist.",
"The couple has a son named Arief Akbar Herlambang.",
"Arief's marriage in December 2022 was attended by President Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto, who acted as the wedding witnesses."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"1909 Cavite's at-large Philippine Assembly district special election"
],
[
"Introduction",
"A special election (known elsewhere as \"by-elections\") for the seat of Cavite's at-large district in the Philippine Assembly, the lower house of the Philippine Legislature of the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands, was held on January 19, 1909.This was triggered due to the appointment of the incumbent Rafael Palma as a member of the Philippine Commission.",
"Emiliano Tría Tirona won the special election."
],
[
"Background",
"In July 1908, during the final days of the administration of James Francis Smith as governor-general, the president of the United States, William Howard Taft, announced the appointment of William Cameron Forbes as vice governor-general (thereby making him Smith's successor when he retires), Attorney-General Gregorio S. Araneta as Secretary of Finance and Justice, and appointed to the Philippine Commission judge Newton W. Gilbert and Cavite delegate Rafael Palma.In August 1908, Emiliano Tría Tirona announced his intention of succeeding Palma in the assembly.",
"He denied that he is the candidate of the Centro Catolico nor is he connected to Catholic friars.",
"Smith then delayed the holding of the special election for about six months so as to avoid electioneering from local politicians; in November 1908, he ultimately scheduled the election for January 19, 1909.In the election, Tirona faced Hugo Salazar, editor of the ''La Democracia'' newspaper, among others.More than a week before the election, Salazar was assaulted by Manuel L. Quezon, a delegate from Tayabas (now named Quezon in his honor), at ''La Democracia'''s offices.",
"Quezon was disputing an article that appeared on ''La Democracia''; the newspaper ''The Cablenews-American'', when reporting about the incident, remarked \"We have nothing but words of protest against those who seek redress in this manner.\"",
"Salazar then challenged Quezon to a duel, which Quezon rebuffed."
],
[
"Results",
"Tirona of the Nacionalista Party won the election; Salazar of the Progresista Party won in just 2 of 12 towns in the district.",
"Tirona was seated to the Philippine Assembly, with the assembly unanimously accepting him, on February 3, 1909."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"See also",
"Other special elections held in Cavite:* 1925 Cavite's at-large House of Representatives district special election* 1929 Cavite's at-large House of Representatives district special election* 2023 Cavite's 7th congressional district special election"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Senasis Daugėliškis"
],
[
"Introduction",
"thumb'''Senasis Daugėliškis''' is a street village in Ignalina District Municipality, Utena County, Lithuania."
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*''Voruta'', no.",
"6 (720), 2011, p.11 has an article \"Daugėliškis ir Pacai\" on the history of Senasis Daugėliškis"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Batusa (planthopper)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Batusa''''' is a genus of planthoppers belonging to the family Acanaloniidae.",
"They are found in Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Brazil.",
"Species:*''Batusa agilis'' Melichar, 1901**''Batusa agilis maricensis'' (Caldwell, 1951)*''Batusa conata'' Melichar, 1901*''Batusa pinniformis'' (Fowler, 1900)*''Batusa producta'' (Stål, 1864) '''- type species'''"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Stephanie Kerschbaum"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Stephanie L. Kerschbaum''' (born 1977) is an American academic in the fields of rhetoric, composition, and disability.",
"She is a professor at the University of Washington, where she serves as the director of the Program in Writing and Rhetoric.",
"She is the author of numerous articles, as well as the books ''Toward a New Rhetoric of Difference'' (2014) and ''Signs of Disability'' (2022), and co-editor of the book ''Negotiating Disability: Disclosure and Higher Education'' (2017).",
"She is also editor for the National Council of Teachers of English's (NCTE) Studies in Writing and Rhetoric book series."
],
[
"Education",
"Kerschbaum received a Doctorate of Philosophy from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 2005."
],
[
"Career",
"Kerschbaum published her first book, ''Toward a New Rhetoric of Difference'', in 2014.It received the Advancement of Knowledge Award from the Conference on College Composition and Communication.In 2017, she co-edited the book ''Negotiating Disability: Disclosure and Higher Education'', which was published through the University of Michigan Press.After receiving her doctorate, Kerschbaum worked at Texas A&M University and the University of Delaware, where she held a position as an associate professor of English and a faculty scholar with the Center for the Study of Diversity.",
"In 2021, she took on a position as associate professor and director of the Expository Writing Program at the University of Washington.That year, the Coalition of Feminist Scholars in the History of Rhetoric and Composition honored Kerschbaum with the Lisa Ede Mentoring Award, which recognizes individuals \"with a career-record of mentorship ...; leadership in campus, professional, and/or local communities; and other activities that align with the overall mission and goals of the Coalition\".",
"Along co-author Lauren Rosenberg, she won the Richard C. Ohmann Award from the NCTE for her article “Entanglements of Literacy Studies and Disability Studies.\"",
"In 2022, the edited collection ''Centering Diverse Bodyminds in Critical Qualitative Inquiry'', for which Kerschbaum wrote a chapter, received a Critics' Choice Award from the Educational Studies Association.",
"The same year, she published the book ''Signs of Disability'' with New York University Press.Kerschbaum was promoted to professor in 2023.She is also editor for the NCTE's Studies in Writing and Rhetoric book series."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Kerschbaum is deaf."
],
[
"Books",
"* * *"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 Dominican Republic municipal elections"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 Dominican Republic municipal elections''' were held on 18 February 2024.Mayors and local councillors across the country were elected.The Electoral Observation Mission of the Organization of American States began activities in the country on February 13, 2024.The Mission will observe the electoral organization, electoral technology, electoral justice, political-electoral financing, and political participation of women in the municipal elections.",
"At the end of its observation, the Mission will present a report with insights and recommendations for future elections in the Dominican Republic.",
"The OAS Mission in the country is headed by former Foreign Minister of Paraguay, Eladio Loizaga."
],
[
"Conduct",
"Voting took place between the hours of 07:00-17:00 at polling stations across the country.",
"Election day is officially recognized as a non-working day, as per the provisions outlined in Article 229 of the Law on the Electoral Regime."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 Belizean municipal elections"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Municipal elections are scheduled to be held in Belize on 6 March 2024.Local offices will be elected including the Mayor of Belize City."
],
[
"Conduct",
"Elections will take place across the eight towns and two cities in Belize; Punta Gorda, Dangriga, San Ignacio and Santa Elena, Benque Viejo del Carmen, Orange Walk Town, Corozal Town, and San Pedro Town, Belmopan and Belize City."
],
[
"See also",
"*Elections in Belize"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Jhoan Hernández"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Jhoan Hernández Mejía''' (born 20 February 2006) is a Colombian footballer currently playing as a left-back for Millonarios."
],
[
"Club career",
"Hernández is a product of the Millonarios academy, making his debut for the youth side in 2022.He went on to make his professional debut for the club the following year, going on to play in four games, before signing his first professional contract with the club at the end of the season, in November 2023."
],
[
"International career",
"Hernández was called up to the Colombia under-17 squad in 2022 for microcycles.",
"The following year, he played in two friendly matches against Chile, before representing Colombia in their unsuccessful campaign at the 2023 South American U-17 Championship."
],
[
"Career statistics",
"===Club===+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competitionClubSeasonLeagueCupContinentalOtherTotal DivisionAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsMillonarios2023Categoría Primera A4000–004020240000–0000'''Career total'''4000000040;Notes"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Nyancho"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Nyancho''' (also spelled ''Nyantio'', '' Ñaanco'', ''Nyanthio'' or ''Nyanco'') were a royal maternal dynasty that ruled the West African empire of Kaabu."
],
[
"Origins",
"The Nyancho's legendary origins begin with a Mandinka woman named Balaba, or in some versions Tenemba.",
"She fled the Manding region to Mampatim, at the time the center of a Bainuk kingdom, and took shelter in a cave.",
"Pregnant at the time of her arrival, the local population took her for a djinn or sorceress as there was no man living with her.",
"She gave birth to three daughters who were then married to the three sons of Tiramakhan Traore, who had led a powerful force to incorporate the area into the Mali Empire.",
"The Nyancho were the maternal descendants of these three couples.",
"They could therefore claim legitimacy through conquest, the Mandinka patrilineal inheritance system, and local Bainuk matrilineal traditions.The term 'Nyancho' is derived from the Mandinka phrase ''I nyon ten'', meaning 'you have no equal."
],
[
"Rule",
"Traore's three sons and their descendants ruled Kaabu's royal provinces (or constituent kingdoms) of Jimara, Pacana, and Sama, alternating the ''mansaya'' (overall kingship) between them.",
"The Nyancho ruling class, warrior-elites made rich war and slave raiding, were part of either the Manneh and Sanneh paternal lineages.",
"Only those descended from Nyancho bloodlines on both sides could be elected ''mansa'' of Kaabu."
],
[
"See also",
"*Mali Empire*Battle of Kansala*Guelowar"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Homestead Cottage"
],
[
"Introduction",
"__NOTOC__'''Homestead Cottage''' is a restaurant in Doolin, Ireland.",
"It is owned by Robbie and Sophie McCauley."
],
[
"History",
"Homestead Cottage opened in late June 2023.Head chef Robbie McCauley is from Edinburgh and his wife Sophie is from Burgundy; Robbie was nine years at Gregan's Castle, Ballyvaughan.",
"It is based in a 19th-century cottage and serves locally sourced dishes.It received a Michelin star for the first time in 2023."
],
[
"Awards",
"* Michelin star: 2023"
],
[
"See also",
"*List of Michelin starred restaurants in Ireland"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Burchard of Bellevaux"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Burchard of Bellevaux''' (c. 1100-1165) was a Cistercian monk and author who was known for his work ''Apologia de barbis'' (''A Defense of Beards'').",
"A student of the Cistercian reformer Bernard of Clairvaux, in 1136, he became abbot of the monastery of Balerne, a Benedictine monastery that adopted the Cistercian reforms.",
"After 22 years there, he became the abbot of Bellevaux (Beauvais), where he composed the ''Apologia de barbis'' sometime before his death around 1165.Opening page of ''Apologia de barbis'' (British Library ''Add MS'' 41997, f. 1r)=== ''Apologia de barbis'' ===The ''Aplogia de barbis'' was unknown until 1929, when the manuscript was discovered in a Swiss booksellers by E. Goldschmidt, who later produced the first edition of the book in a limited run of 300 copies.A significant example of 12th-century biblical exegesis, the text is divided into three sermons: \"On the Cleanliness of Beards,\" \"On the Form of Beards,\" and \"On the Nature of Beards.\"",
"Each sermon offers allegorical interpretations of beards in the bible and other medieval Christian texts as well as moralizing commentary on contemporary styles of beards and mustaches.",
"(For example, his discussion of beards on goats leads to a conclusion that Jews are correctly caricatured as goats, since \"their long, dangling beards prevent the 'truth' from entering their hearts\", according to Sebastian Coxon.)",
"Written in response to lay-brothers who believed they were being forced to shave their beards, the ''Apologia de barbis'' pays particular attention to explaining why lay-brothers should remain bearded while monks were required to shave.",
"In addition, there is a lengthy explanation of the monastic tonsure."
],
[
"Editions",
"* Huygens, R.B.C.",
"''Apologiae Duae''.",
"Corpus Christianorum: Continuatio Mediaevalis 62.Turnhout: Brepols, 1985.",
"* Goldschmidt, E. ''Burchardus de Bellevaux: Apologia de barbis''.",
"Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1935."
],
[
"Translations",
"* McAlhany, J.",
"''Beards & Baldness in the Middle Ages: Three Texts''.",
"Brooklyn, NY: Leverhill, 2024 (contains a translation of the ''Apologia de barbis'', with notes, and a brief introduction).",
"ISBN: 979-8989699308."
],
[
"Further Reading",
"* Chauvin, B.",
"\"Un disciple méconnu de Saint Bernard.\"",
"''Cîteaux: Commentarii Cistercienses'' 40 (1989): 5-68.",
"* Constable, G.",
"\"Introduction.\"",
"In Huygens, R.B.C.",
"''Apologiae Duae''.",
"Corpus Christianorum: Continuatio Mediaevalis 62.Turnhout: Brepols, 1985, pp.",
"47-150."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"OneAsia Tour seasons"
],
[
"Introduction",
"This page lists all '''OneAsia Tour''' seasons from its inaugural season in 2009.Since its inception, most tournaments on OneAsia Tour have been played in Asia."
],
[
"2009 season",
"===Schedule===The following table lists official events during the 2009 season.",
"Date Tournament Host country Purse(US$) Winner OWGRpoints Othertours19 AprVolvo China OpenChina2,200,000 Scott Strange (1)18EUR10 MayPine Valley Beijing OpenChina–''Cancelled''–13 SepKolon-Hana Bank Korea OpenSouth Korea₩1,000,000,000 Bae Sang-moon (1)14KOR18 OctMidea China ClassicChina500,000 Liang Wenchong (1)66 DecAustralian OpenAustraliaA$1,500,000 Adam Scott (n/a)32ANZ13 DecAustralian PGA ChampionshipAustraliaA$1,500,000 Robert Allenby (n/a)26ANZ===Order of Merit===The Order of Merit was based on prize money won during the season, calculated in U.S. dollars.Position Player Prize money ($)1 Scott Strange 505,7842 Adam Scott 274,5793 Robert Allenby 247,2224 Gonzalo Fernández-Castaño 244,4405 Bae Sang-moon 244,299"
],
[
"2010 season",
"===Schedule===The following table lists official events during the 2010 season.",
"Date Tournament Host country Purse(US$) Winner OWGRpoints Othertours4 AprLuxehills Chengdu OpenChina1,000,000 Liang Wenchong (2)1018 AprVolvo China OpenChina2,500,000 Yang Yong-eun (1)28EUR9 MayGS Caltex Maekyung OpenSouth Korea₩800,000,000 Kim Dae-hyun (1)6KOR23 MaySK Telecom OpenSouth Korea₩900,000,000 Bae Sang-moon (2)12KOR4 JulyIndonesia OpenIndonesia1,000,000 Michael Hendry (1)829 AugThailand OpenThailand1,000,000 Liang Wenchong (3)1010 OctKolon Korea OpenSouth Korea₩1,000,000,000 Yang Yong-eun (2)12KOR17 OctMidea China ClassicChina1,000,000 Kim Felton (1)824 OctShandong Gold Cup ChampionshipChina–''Cancelled''–5 DecAustralian OpenAustraliaA$1,500,000 Geoff Ogilvy (n/a)32ANZ12 DecAustralian PGA ChampionshipAustraliaA$1,500,000 Peter Senior (n/a)22ANZ===Order of Merit===The Order of Merit was based on prize money won during the season, calculated in U.S. dollars.Position Player Prize money ($)1 Liang Wenchong 560,7372 Kim Dae-hyun 272,1543 Michael Hendry 247,0934 Bae Sang-moon 220,3445 Simon Yates 208,760"
],
[
"2011 season",
"===Schedule===The following table lists official events during the 2011 season.",
"Date Tournament Host country Purse(US$) Winner OWGRpoints Othertours27 MarIndonesian PGA ChampionshipIndonesia1,000,000 Andre Stolz (1)1024 AprVolvo China OpenChinaCN¥20,000,000 Nicolas Colsaerts (n/a)28EUR8 MayGS Caltex Maekyung OpenSouth Korea₩1,000,000,000 Kim Kyung-tae (1)10KOR22 MaySK Telecom OpenSouth Korea₩900,000,000 Kurt Barnes (1)14KOR5 JunNanshan China MastersChina1,000,000 Kim Bi-o (1)610 JulCharity High 1 Resort OpenSouth Korea–''Cancelled'' –KOR17 JulIndonesia OpenIndonesia1,000,000 Thaworn Wiratchant (1)614 AugThailand OpenThailand1,000,000 Andre Stolz (2)89 OctKolon Korea OpenSouth Korea₩1,000,000,000 Rickie Fowler (n/a)26KOR13 NovEmirates Australian OpenAustraliaA$1,500,000 Greg Chalmers (n/a)42ANZ27 NovAustralian PGA ChampionshipAustraliaA$1,500,000 Greg Chalmers (n/a)34ANZ===Order of Merit===The Order of Merit was based on prize money won during the season, calculated in U.S. dollars.Position Player Prize money ($)1 Andre Stolz 464,8122 Kim Kyung-tae 327,1783 Thaworn Wiratchant 235,8134 Kurt Barnes 210,8305 Choi Jin-ho 169,790"
],
[
"2012 season",
"===Schedule===The following table lists official events during the 2012 season.",
"Date Tournament Host country Purse(US$) Winner OWGRpoints Othertours25 MarEnjoy Jakarta Indonesia OpenIndonesia1,000,000 Nick Cullen (n/a)1222 AprVolvo China OpenChinaCN¥20,000,000 Branden Grace (n/a)32EUR13 MayGS Caltex Maekyung OpenSouth Korea₩1,000,000,000 Kim Bi-o (2)10KOR20 MaySK Telecom OpenSouth Korea₩900,000,000 Kim Bi-o (3)10KOR12 AugThailand OpenThailand1,000,000 Chris Wood (n/a)69 SepCharity High 1 OpenSouth Korea₩1,000,000,000 Matthew Griffin (1)6KOR14 OctNanshan China MastersChina1,000,000 Liang Wenchong (4)1221 OctKolon Korea OpenSouth Korea₩1,000,000,000 Kim Dae-sub (1)12KOR9 DecEmirates Australian OpenAustraliaA$1,250,000 Peter Senior (n/a)32ANZ16 DecAustralian PGA ChampionshipAustraliaA$1,500,000 Daniel Popovic (1) 18ANZ===Order of Merit===The Order of Merit was based on prize money won during the season, calculated in U.S. dollars.Position Player Prize money ($)1 Kim Bi-o 380,7462 Daniel Popovic 239,4623 Matthew Griffin 230,8574 Park Sang-hyun 216,4925 Nick Cullen 208,639"
],
[
"2013 season",
"===Schedule===The following table lists official events during the 2013 season.",
"Date Tournament Host country Purse(US$) Winner OWGRpoints Othertours17 MarThailand OpenThailand1,000,000 Prayad Marksaeng (n/a)18JPN31 MarEnjoy Jakarta Indonesia PGA ChampionshipIndonesia1,000,000 Choi Ho-sung (1)12JPN5 MayVolvo China OpenChinaCN¥20,000,000 Brett Rumford (1)28EUR12 MayGS Caltex Maekyung OpenSouth Korea₩1,000,000,000 Ryu Hyun-woo (1)8KOR19 MaySK Telecom OpenSouth Korea₩1,000,000,000 Matthew Griffin (2)6KOR13 OctNanshan China MastersChina1,000,000 Charl Schwartzel (n/a)1220 OctKolon Korea OpenSouth Korea₩1,000,000,000 Kang Sung-hoon (n/a)14KOR10 NovAustralian PGA ChampionshipAustraliaA$1,250,000 Adam Scott (n/a) 22ANZ1 DecEmirates Australian OpenAustraliaA$1,250,000 Rory McIlroy (n/a)32ANZ8 DecOneAsia ChampionshipChina–''Cancelled''–===Order of Merit===The Order of Merit was based on prize money won during the season, calculated in U.S. dollars.Position Player Prize money ($)1 Matthew Griffin 257,4802 Ryu Hyun-woo 207,9913 Choi Ho-sung 198,6164 Scott Strange 189,2325 Liang Wenchong 130,610"
],
[
"2014 season",
"===Schedule===The following table lists official events during the 2014 season.",
"Date Tournament Host country Purse(US$) Winner OWGRpoints Othertours 23 Mar Thailand Open Thailand – ''Cancelled'' – JPN30 MarEnjoy Jakarta Indonesia PGA ChampionshipIndonesia1,000,000 Michio Matsumura (n/a)12JPN27 AprVolvo China OpenChinaCN¥20,000,000 Alexander Lévy (n/a) 32EUR11 MayGS Caltex Maekyung OpenSouth Korea₩1,000,000,000 Park Jun-won (1)10KOR18 MaySK Telecom OpenSouth Korea₩1,000,000,000 Kim Seung-hyuk (1)10KOR17 AugFiji InternationalFiji1,000,000 Steven Jeffress (1)12ANZ12 OctNanshan China MastersChina1,000,000 Li Haotong (1) 626 OctKolon Korea OpenSouth Korea₩1,200,000,000 Kim Seung-hyuk (2)12KOR30 NovEmirates Australian OpenAustraliaA$1,250,000 Jordan Spieth (n/a) 34ANZ14 DecAustralian PGA ChampionshipAustraliaA$1,000,000 Greg Chalmers (n/a) 24ANZ===Order of Merit===The Order of Merit was based on prize money won during the season, calculated in U.S. dollars.Position Player Prize money ($)1 Kim Seung-hyuk 501,9902 Li Haotong 219,9833 Park Jun-won 205,0734 Steven Jeffress 186,5215 Park Sang-hyun 161,695"
],
[
"2015 season",
"===Schedule===The following table lists official events during the 2015 season.",
"Date Tournament Host country Purse(US$) Winner OWGRpoints Othertours26 AprVolvo China OpenChinaCN¥20,000,000 Wu Ashun (1) 26EUR17 MayGS Caltex Maekyung OpenSouth Korea₩1,000,000,000 Moon Kyong-jun (1)7KOR24 MaySK Telecom OpenSouth Korea₩1,000,000,000 Choi Jin-ho (1)8KOR14 JunSingha Corporation Thailand OpenThailand1,000,000 Kim Kyung-tae (2)11JPN13 SepKolon Korea OpenSouth Korea₩1,200,000,000 Lee Kyoung-hoon (1)7KOR18 OctFiji InternationalFijiA$1,125,000 Matt Kuchar (n/a) 11ANZ29 NovEmirates Australian OpenAustraliaA$1,250,000 Matt Jones (n/a) 32ANZ===Order of Merit===The Order of Merit was based on prize money won during the season, calculated in U.S. dollars.Position Player Prize money ($)1 Moon Kyong-jun 224,9532 Choi Jin-ho 217,4483 Wang Jeung-han 200,7474 Ryan Fox 127,4255 Gareth Paddison 109,634"
],
[
"2016 season",
"===Schedule===The following table lists official events during the 2016 season.",
"Date Tournament Host country Purse(US$) Winner OWGRpoints Othertours1 MayVolvo China OpenChinaCN¥20,000,000 Li Haotong (2) 26EUR8 MayGS Caltex Maekyung OpenSouth Korea₩1,000,000,000 Park Sang-hyun (1)11KOR11 SepKolon Korea OpenSouth Korea₩1,200,000,000 Lee Kyoung-hoon (2)8KOR20 NovEmirates Australian OpenAustraliaA$1,250,000 Jordan Spieth (n/a)32ANZ===Order of Merit===The Order of Merit was based on prize money won during the season, calculated in U.S. dollars.Position Player Prize money ($)1 Choi Jin-ho 116,2952 Ryan Fox 41,4693 Kang Kyung-nam 37,8004 Kim Bi-o 36,1245 Kim Yeong-su 35,244"
],
[
"2017 season",
"===Schedule===The following table lists official events during the 2017 season.",
"Date Tournament Host country Purse(US$) Winner OWGRpoints Othertours30 AprVolvo China OpenChinaCN¥20,000,000 Alexander Lévy (n/a)24EUR7 MayGS Caltex Maekyung OpenSouth Korea₩1,000,000,000 Lee Sang-hee (1)9KOR4 JunKolon Korea OpenSouth Korea₩1,200,000,000 Chang Yi-keun (1)8KOR===Order of Merit===The Order of Merit was based on prize money won during the season, calculated in U.S. dollars.Position Player Prize money ($)1 Chang Yi-keun 270,3032 Moon Kyong-jun 146,7223 Kim Gi-whan 105,0194 Choi Jin-ho 67,9405 Phachara Khongwatmai 62,994"
],
[
"2018 season",
"===Schedule===The following table lists official events during the 2018 season.",
"Date Tournament Host country Purse(US$) Winner Othertours3 MarSolaire Philippine OpenPhilippines600,000 Miguel Tabuena (1)PGTA===Order of Merit===The Order of Merit was based on prize money won during the season, calculated in U.S. dollars.Position Player Prize money ($)1 Miguel Tabuena 108,0002 Prom Meesawat 66,0003 Guido van der Valk 37,8004 Michael Choi 30,0005 Nicholas Fung 15,900"
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 Piedmontese regional election"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 Piedmontese regional election''' is scheduled for 9 June 2024.The election will elect all members of the Regional Council of Piedmont, as well as for the president of Piedmont."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"See also",
"* Politics of Piedmont"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Bulldolonia"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Bulldolonia''''' is a genus of planthoppers belonging to the family Acanaloniidae.",
"It is found in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.Species:*''Bulldolonia brevifrons'' (Muir, 1924)*''Bulldolonia depressa'' (Melichar, 1901) '''- type species'''*''Bulldolonia impressa'' (Metcalf & Bruner, 1930)"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Diocese of Bryansk"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Diocese Bryansk ()''' is a diocese (Eparchy) of the Russian Orthodox Church, uniting parishes and monasteries in the eastern part of the Bryansk Oblast (within the boundaries of the city of Bryansk, as well as Brasovsky, Bryansky, Vygonichsky, Dubrovsky, Dyatkovsky, Zhiryatinsky, Zhukovsky, Karachevsky, Komarichsky, Navlinsky, Rognedinsky, Sevsky, Suzemsky districts).",
"It is part of the Bryansk Metropolis.The ruling bishop is Alexander (Agrikov), Metropolitan of Bryansk and Sevsk."
],
[
"History",
"The episcopal see in Bryansk existed from the middle of the 13th century, when Prince Roman Mikhailovich the Old, following the transfer of the capital of his principality from Chernigov to Bryansk, managed to achieve the transfer of the Chernigov see to his new capital.",
"The Bryansk diocese continued to exist after the Bryansk Principality became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1356).For a short period of time, the see of the Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Rus' was located in Bryansk, transferred here from the devastated Kyiv at the end of the 13th century by Metropolitan Maxim.",
"Later Maxim moved the department to Suzdal, and in 1299 to Vladimir.In 1500, a significant part of the former Bryansk diocese, including the cities of Chernigov, Bryansk, Starodub and Novgorod-Seversky, was annexed to the Tsardom of Russia and came under the jurisdiction of the Moscow Metropolis.",
"These lands were assigned to the Smolensk diocese, whose bishops from that time were called Smolensk and Bryansk.By decree of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich dated May 20, 1625, the cities of Bryansk, Sevsk and Karachev entered the Patriarchal Region, which is the reason for the title ''Bryansk'' not been mentioned in the names of departments since then.At the Council in November 1681, Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich proposed to establish two episcopal sees under the authority of the Smolensk Metropolitan - in Bryansk and in Vyazma.",
"The participants of the Council of 1681-1682 refused to establish subordinate episcopal sees, so that \"there would be no ecclesiastical disagreement in the rank of bishops\".From 1764 to 1788, the territory of the Bryansk diocese was part of the semi-independent Sevsky Vicariate of the Moscow diocese.With the establishment of the Oryol diocese on May 6, 1788, the lands of the current Bryansk Diocese became part of it.On April 1, 1918, Bishop Seraphim (Ostroumov) of Oryol and Sevsk, in his report to the Holy Synod, asked to organize a suffragan see of Bryansk and proposed to make Archimandrite Hilarion (Troitsky) the vicar bishop of his diocese with the title “Bryansk and Mtsensk”, but these plans did not come true.On December 22, 1920, after the creation of the Bryansk province on April 1, 1920, the Bryansk Diocese was founded.",
"At the time of its formation, there were more than 300 churches operating on the territory of the diocese.During the German occupation, the territory of the Bryansk Oblast was included in the Smolensk-Bryansk Diocese of the Belarusian Orthodox Church.In 1946, its territory was included in Oryol.",
"The bishop's title was ''Bishop of Oryol and Bryansk''.The Bryansk diocese was revived by the decision of the Holy Synod on February 26, 1994, by separating from the Oryol Diocese.",
"By the time of the resumption of the diocese in the Bryansk Oblast.",
"There were 84 parishes, 3 monasteries (2 male and female), the number of clergy in the diocese was 105 clergy.By the decision of the Holy Synod of May 29, 2013, Klintsovskaya was separated from the Bryansk Diocese with the inclusion of both dioceses in the newly formed Bryansk Metropolis."
],
[
"Bishops",
"*Ambrosiy (Smirnov) (December 22, 1920 - May 25, 1924)*Agapit (Borzakovsky) (November 15, 1923 - December 21, 1929) until May 25, 1924 - supreme, Bishop of Karachevsky*Matthiy (Khramtsev) (1930 - April 7, 1931)*Daniil (Troitsky) (May 12, 1931 - March 30, 1934)*Ioasaf (Sheshkovsky-Drylevsky) (April 5, 1934 - December 15, 1935)*Yuvenaliy (Mashkovsky) (March 6 - July 30, 1936)*Ioan (Sokolov) (July 30, 1936 - 1937) v/u, Bishop of Yegoryevsk, then - Volokolamsk*1945-1994 - as part of the Oryol Diocese*Melkhisedek (Lebedev) (February 26, 1994 - March 13, 2002)*Feofilakt (Moiseev) (April 20, 2002 - December 28, 2011)*Aleksander (Agrikov) (from December 28, 2011)"
],
[
"Deaneries",
"As of 2022:*Bryansk city deanery - Archpriest Sergiy Rysin*Bryansk District Deanery - priest Konstantin Serenkov*Brasov Deanery - Priest Arkady Kunegin*Vygonichsky Deanery - priest John Travinichev*Dyatkovo Deanery - Priest Pavel Korneev*Zhukovsky Deanery - Archpriest Rustik Bogatyrev*Karachevsky Deanery - Archpriest Vladimir Safronov*Komarichsky Deanery - and.",
"O. dean priest Igor Ostrovsky*Navlinsky Deanery - Priest Timofey Uchvatov*Sevsky Deanery - Priest Konstantin Balin*Suzema Deanery - Priest Alexy Serebryakov*Monastic Deanery - abbot Daniil (Tsupikov)"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Saúl Enrique Mancía"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Saúl Enrique Mancía''' (born 1983 or 1984) is a Salvadoran politician and communications specialist who has served as a deputy of the Legislative Assembly from the department of Chalatenango since 2021.He serves as a member of the agriculture commission and the public works, transportation, and housing commission.",
"Mancía is a member of Nuevas Ideas."
],
[
"Early life",
"Saúl Enrique Mancía was born in 1983 or 1984.Mancía graduated from the University of El Salvador in 2014 as a Bachelor of Journalism.",
"Mancía and José Raúl Hernández Maldonado published a joint thesis regarding the 2012–2014 Salvadoran gang truce on 26 August 2014.From October 2009 to August 2012, Mancía worked as a general producer for National Television of El Salvador.",
"From October 2013 to February 2014, he worked as a producer for Channel 29."
],
[
"Early political career",
"From May 2009 to May 2012, Mancía served as an alderman on the San Ignacio municipal council as a member of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front.From August 2012 to July 2019, Mancía served as a communications technical specialist for the National Medication Directorate.",
"From 8 August 2019 to 15 August 2020, he served as the chief of promotion, advertising, and communications for the government of Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele.Mancía has experience working in the agriculture and livestock industries."
],
[
"Deputy of the Legislative Assembly",
"Mancía ran as a candidate for deputy to the Legislative Assembly from the department of Chalatenango during the 2021 legislative election.",
"He ran as a candidate from Nuevas Ideas and was the party's second candidate in Chalatenango, after Francisco Alexander Guardado Deras.",
"During his campaign, Mancía criticized the political opposition in the Legislative Assembly for its reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic and for blocking Bukele's political agenda within the legislature.",
"He also claimed that the incumbent deputies from Chalatenango \"have never represented the department and have never carried out actions which really benefited the department's population\" (\"\").",
"Mancía was elected as a deputy on election day with 14,059 votes.",
"He was the third of three proprietary deputies elected, and Krissa Osiris Marín Jiménez was elected as Mancía's supplement deputy.Mancía is a permanent member of the agriculture commission and the public works, transportation, and housing commission, on which he holds the position of narrator; Mancía was also a member of an ad hoc commission to study and draft the Water Resources Law in June 2021.Regarding the law, he stated that its objective was to guarantee that every community in El Salvador had access to drinking water.",
"In April 2022, the Legislative Assembly approved a bill which was proposed by Mancía which increased penalties for individuals who steal livestock.",
"Mancía supports the expansion of Uber or public transportation methods similar to Uber within El Salvador, stating in January 2023 that its expansion \"is necessary\" (\"\") for the \"modernization\" (\"\") of the country's public transportation system.",
"On 13 June 2023, Mancía voted to reduce the number of municipalities in El Salvador from 262 to 44.Before the law was approved, he proposed an amendment to the bill—which had been proposed by Bukele on 1 June—to reassign the district of San Fernando from Chalatenango Norte to Chalatenango Centro.",
"Although he did not give a reason for the amendment, it was approved regardless.During Nuevas Ideas' July 2023 primary elections ahead of the 2024 general election, Mancía was elected as the party's first of two candidates for Chalatenango's two seats in the Legislative Assembly with 910 votes.",
"Hugo Dagoberto Mata Portillo was elected as Mancía's supplement deputy.",
"On 13 February 2024, after vote counting for the legislative election had been delayed by the Supreme Electoral Court due to technical issues, the TSE announced that Mancía had won one of Chalatenango's legislative seats and the National Coalition Party's Reynaldo Cardoza won the second seat; Mancía won 19,282 votes."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Mancía is married.",
"In May 2022, he and his wife took out a US$111,000 loan from the Mortgage Bank to purchase a plot of land in San Salvador."
],
[
"Electoral history",
" Year Office Type Party Main opponent Party Votes for Mancía Result Swing Total % .",
"2021 Deputy of the Legislative Assembly General NI N/A 14,059 N/A 3rd N/A '''Gain''' 2024 Deputy of the Legislative Assembly General NI N/A 19,282 N/A 1st N/A Hold"
],
[
"Publications",
"Mancía has authored one thesis:# ''Qualitative Content Analysis: The Construction of the \"Truce with the Gangs\" Concept in the Journalistic Information of the \"Nation\" Section of La Prensa Gráfica'' (2014, University of El Salvador; )"
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Further reading",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Sehoy II"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Town Creek Indian Mound is supposedly Sehoy II's burial place.",
"'''Sehoy II''' or '''Sehoy Marchand''' (b. c. 1722) was a Muscogee Creek Wind Clan woman who was part of the Sehoy matrilineage.",
"She and her family are known for their intermarriages with white traders, with the children inheriting their tribal identities from the mother's side."
],
[
"Family",
"She was born around 1722, the daughter of Sehoy I of the Wind Clan and a French officer, Marchand, who commanded at Fort Toulouse.",
"(Some have argued that she was instead a 'full-blooded' indigenous American.)",
"She was half-sister to Muscogean Chief Red Shoes II through her mother Sehoy's marriage to Red Shoes I."
],
[
"Lachlan McGillivray",
"Sehoy married Scottish trader Lachlan McGillivray about 1745.In 1851, Albert J. Pickett wrote that they met at Hickory Ground a few miles from Fort Toulouse, married according to Creek forms, and settled at Little Tallassee.",
"He said, 'The Indian tradition ran that, while pregnant with her first child, she repeatedly dreamed of piles of manuscripts, ink and paper, and heaps of books...', foreshadowing her son Alexander's career.Lachlan took advantage of Sehoy's influential connections in the Creek nation to extend his commerce.",
"Their children were Alexander McGillivray (b.",
"1750), Sophia Durant, and Jeannette/Jennet, who married Le Clerc Milfort, as well as two who died in childhood.",
"Lachlan departed the country in 1757."
],
[
"Other marriages and children",
"Sehoy II also had other marriages, to Scottish trader Malcolm McPherson and, according to family tradition, to an unnamed chief of the Tawasa or Tuckabatchee.",
"Her children by these marriages were Sehoy III, Elizabeth, and Malcolm McPherson II, who predeceased his sisters so that they inherited his property.",
"Sehoy II's marriage to McPherson is sometimes placed before and sometimes after her marriage to Lachlan."
],
[
"Death",
"Sehoy II's death date is unknown, but her daughter Sehoy III's move to live with the Moniac family at eight may suggest that Sehoy II had died by then.",
"She was buried 'on the river bluff there near the Indian Mound' in Montgomery.== References =="
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Emtrasur Cargo"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Emtrasur Cargo''' is a Venezuelan airline.",
"It is the cargo subsidiary of Venezuelan flag carrier Conviasa."
],
[
"Controversies",
"Emtrasur owned a Boeing 747-300 that previously belonged to Iranian airline Mahan Air, a company that American assistant secretary of export enforcement at the Department of Commerce, Matthew S. Axelrod, alleges has helped the terrorist group, Hezbollah, in the past.On June 8, 2022, the Boeing 747 arrived in Argentina, after a flight that originated in Mexico with a stop-over in Venezuela.",
"Two days later, it flew to Uruguay on a refueling flight but was returned to Argentina that same day, landing at Ezeiza International Airport in Buenos Aires.",
"It was kept in Argentine territory for two years.The airplane ran into more controversy when a member of the Venezuelan embassy in Argentina took a photo of it, and, two days later, the Argentine government allowed it to be flown to the United States, where it landed on February 8, 2024.The airplane was then confiscated by the United States Department of Justice.The American DOJ declared the airplane would be \"prepared for disposition\" without elaborating more on their plans for Emtrasur's jet.",
"Meanwhile, the office of Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro has decried the actions overtaken by the governments of Argentina and the United States regarding Emtrasur's Boeing 747 as a collusion and a violation of \"the commercial, civil and political rights of Emtrasur\"."
],
[
"Fleet",
"===Former fleet===+ EMTRASUR Cargo's former fleetAircraftTotalIntroducedRetiredNotesBoeing 747-300120222024Flown from Mexico to Argentina in 2022; then to the United States in 2024.Seized by the US' DOJ"
],
[
"External links"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Roué Verveer"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Roué Verveer''' (born November 17, 1972) is a Surinamese-Dutch stand-up comedian, television presenter and actor."
],
[
"Biography",
"Verveer was born and raised in Paramaribo, Suriname.",
"In 1995, he came into contact with stand-up comedy and participated in a talent show.",
"In 1999, Verveer moved to the Netherlands and joined Raoul Heertje's comedy company \"Comedytrain\" that same year.",
"In 2003, he performed his first full-length theater program, named ''Eigen vermogen'' (\"Equity\"), a title with a double meaning and a nod to Verveer's background in the financial sector.",
"In 2010 and 2011, Verveer performed together with fellow comedians Murth Mossel, Jandino Asporaat and Howard Komproe under the name \"Caribbean Combo\".",
"The comedy group toured the Netherlands, Suriname and the Dutch Caribbean islands during the Winter months."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External linkss",
"* *"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Sally Hill"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Sarah Patricia Hill''' is a New Zealand academic, and is a full professor at the Victoria University of Wellington, specialising in Italian cultural studies.",
"Hill researches Italian culture, especially the role of photography in culture, and violence and disability in Italian cinema."
],
[
"Academic career",
"Hill is a New Zealander, and completed both a Bachelor of Arts and a Master of Arts at the University of Auckland.",
"Hill went overseas for further postgraduate training, completing a PhD titled ''Photographic fictions: photography in Italian literature 1945-2000'' at the University of Chicago in 2004.Hill then returned to New Zealand, joining the faculty of Victoria University of Wellington that same year.",
"Hill was promoted to full professor in 2022.As of 2024, Hill is an Associate Dean in Victoria's Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, and Director of the Bachelor of Global Studies.",
"Hill studies Italian culture, covering topics such as the role of photography in culture, and violence and disability in Italian film.",
"She has also examined Italian migrants to New Zealand, and migrant writing, and has become interested in the ways that Italian communities \"respond to the material history of fascism\".",
"She has also translated into English work by Italian literary critic Sergio Zatti.",
"In 2014 Hill edited a book with Giuliana Minghelli on Italian photographic modernity.In 2014, Hill was awarded a Teaching Excellence Award, and was nominated for a national teaching award.",
"At that time she was Head of the School of Languages and Cultures."
],
[
"Selected works",
"=== Books ===* * Zatti, Sergio.",
"''The Quest for Epic: From Ariosto to Tasso''.",
"Edited by Dennis Looney and translated by Sally Hill.(2006).",
"Toronto: University of Toronto Press.",
"Pp.",
"vii+315.=== Journal articles ===* * * * *"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Vulcanoa"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Vulcanoa''''' is a monospecific genus of flowering plant in the dogbane family that contains only the species '''''Vulcanoa steyermarkii'''''.",
"It is a liana native to Guatemala and the Mexican state of Chiapas."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Russian Orthodox diocese of Vladivostok"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Diocese of Vladivostok ()''' is a diocese (Eparchy) of the Russian Orthodox Church, uniting parishes and monasteries in the western part of the Primorsky Krai (within the boundaries of the cities of Vladivostok, Artyomov, Dalnerechensk, Lesozavodsk, Ussuriysk, as well as Kirovsky, Krasnoarmeysky, Mikhailovsky, Nadezhdinsky, Oktyabrsky, Pozharsky, Pokrovsky, Spassky, Khankaisky, Khasansky, Khorolsky, Chernigovsky Districts).",
"It is part of the Primorsky Metropolis.The ruling bishop of the Vladivostok diocese since December 28, 2018 is Metropolitan of Vladivostok and Primorsky Vladimir (Samokhin).",
"The vicar of the Vladivostok diocese is Bishop Innokenty (Erokhin) of Ussuri."
],
[
"History",
"The diocese was created on June 4, 1898, after the division of the Diocese of Kamchatka into Diocese of Blagoveshchensk and Diocese of Vladivostok.In the summer of 1917, Archbishop of Vladivostok Eusebius (Nikolsky) left for Moscow to participate in the 1917–18 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church.In November 1917, the Russian Civil War began, as a result of which Archbishop Eusebius did not return to Vladivostok.",
"In June 1918, the power of the Soviets was overthrown.",
"In December 1918, Bishop Mikhail (Bogdanov) of Cheboksary took control of the Vladivostok diocese.",
"According to some sources, he ruled the diocese until 1922, according to others, in 1920-1922 Mark (Bakaldin) was Bishop of Vladivostok.The Vladivostok diocese practically ceased to exist in the early 1930s.",
"Since 1946, the newly opened parishes of the Primorsky Krai were included in the Khabarovsk and Vladivostok diocese, which in 1949-1988 was temporarily governed by the bishops of the Irkutsk and Chita diocese.The diocese was restored by the decision of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church on January 31, 1991.In December 1991, there were 15 parishes served by 15 priests.",
"In the following years, the number of new or reactivated parishes systematically increased.",
"Monasteries were also reopened - the female Ussuri Monastery of the Nativity of the Mother of God in 1993 and the male Ussuri Monastery of the Holy Trinity and St. Nicholas in 1995.According to data from 2006, the eparchy had 88 parishes, which included 110 churches and chapels; 124 priests conducted pastoral work in its area.",
"In the years 2003–2019, the eparchy also included the parish of the Holy Trinity in Pyongyang (the only Orthodox parish in North Korea).On July 27, 2011, the Nakhodka and Arsenyev dioceses were separated from the Vladivostok diocese.",
"On October 6, 2011, the Vladivostok, Nakhodka and Arsenyevsk dioceses were included in the newly formed Primorsky Metropolis."
],
[
"Bishops",
"Bishops who headed the diocese:*January 5, 1899 - 1920 - Eusebius (Nikolsky)*December 1918 - October 1922 - Mikhail (Bogdanov)*1922 - Pavel (Vvedensky) temporary, Bishop of Nikolsko-Ussuriysk*1924 - ?",
"Joasaph (Ragozin)*November 13, 1925 - September 15, 1927 - Cyprian (Komarovsky)*September 1927 - June 1928 - Nifont (Fomin)*1928-1929 - Panteleimon (Maksunov)*1929-1930 - Mark (Bogolyubov)*July 8, 1930 - 1932 - Barsanuphius (Luzin)*1931-1932 - German (Kokkel) temporary, Bishop of Nikolsko-Ussuriysk*January 31, 1991 - August 12, 1992 - Nikolai (Shkrumko)*September 21, 1992 - December 28, 2018 - Veniamin (Pushkar)*December 28, 2018 – present: Vladimir (Samokhin)"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Egov.Press"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Egov.Press''' is a non-governmental Kazakh petition website launched in 2020.The project was created by five citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan at their own expense to develop the institution of petitions in the state.",
"The organization's employees are located in Kazakhstan and for security reasons do not want to reveal their identities.",
"In Kazakhstan, petitions on the website egov.press are used to create public outcry because the initiatives launched do not have legal force.",
"The very first petition on the site was published in October 2021.From July 25 to November 8, 2022, the site was visited by more than 539.7 thousand people.",
"During this time, the authorities partially satisfied five out of ten socially important petitions published on the website.Petitions published on the websites egov.press and alash.online about Kazakhstan’s withdrawal from the CSTO, against the treatment of drug addicts with the drug \"Methadone\", increasing the size of disability benefits, and opening advertising for Kazakh language centers are still under discussion in magazines and books.In 2022, following a court order surrounding accusations of the site being fake, the site was moved to the alash.online domain.Petitions published on the alash.online website were included in the top 5 most popular in Kazakhstan according to the editors of Massaget.kz.",
"On January 22, 2022, a petition appeared on the website demanding permission to wear headscarves for schoolgirls in Kazakhstan.",
"In one day, the initiative received 20,250 signatures and 2 days later, for unknown reasons, it was removed from the site."
],
[
"Petitions",
"=== Renaming the capital of Kazakhstan ===Capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan.A petition to rename the capital of Kazakhstan Nur-Sultan to Astana was signed by 223,101 people.",
"After the petition, on September 15, 2022, the proposal was supported by the city maslikhat and deputies voted for the renaming.",
"On September 17, 2022, the president signed a bill to rename the capital.",
"The petition was fully granted.=== Reducing the retirement age for women ===A rally was held in Almaty with demands to lower the retirement age for women.On October 30, 2021, citizens of Kazakhstan launched a petition to lower the retirement age of women to 55–58 years.",
"The initiative collected more than 863,000 signatures and a movement of women was formed, who repeatedly rallied to demand pension reform.",
"Following the petition, on September 1, 2022, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev announced that until 2028, the retirement age for women will be set at 61 years.=== Ex-president immunity ===Former President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev.On January 18, 2022, a petition was created on the egov.press website demanding that the first President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, be deprived of immunity.",
"Following the petition, on February 15, 2023, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev signed the Constitutional Law revoking the immunity of the first president of Kazakhstan.=== Resignation of the akim of Almaty ===Akim of the city of Almaty Erbolat Dosaev.On July 6, 2023, a petition appeared on the website calling on Erbolat Dosaev to resign due to criticism of his work from city residents.",
"12,556 people supported the petition while 9,947 were against it.",
"Within a minute, the number of those in favor of resignation fell, while 10,017 people ''rejected'' the petition.",
"The authors of egov.press announced a specific bot attack from Russia.",
"Kazakh political scientist Anton Morozov called the people who signed the petition bots.",
"According to him, two people can easily create the appearance of activity of tens of thousands of users.=== Benefit for disabled people ===A 47-year-old resident of Zhambyl region posted a petition on the egov.press website appealing to the President of Kazakhstan with a request to increase the disability benefit by 100%.",
"The petition has collected approximately 7,000 signatures.",
"After a while, the President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev ordered to increase benefits for persons with special needs by 14.5% from September 1, 2023.=== Recycling fee for transport ===A petition to completely abolish the recycling fee, launched on October 31, 2021, received 130,000 signatures.",
"After the petition, on January 11, 2022, the President of Kazakhstan criticized the ROP Operator company.",
"In October 2022, Parliament passed a law removing the right of the ROP Operator to charge people for scrapping vehicles.=== Ambassador of Ukraine to Kazakhstan ===The petition for the deportation of Ukrainian Ambassador Petro Vrublevsky in connection with his scandalous statements, submitted on August 22, 2022, collected 42 thousand signatures.",
"After the petition, by agreement with the Ukrainian side, he was voluntarily recalled from Kazakhstan, ceasing to be the Ambassador of Ukraine to Kazakhstan.=== Extension of child care benefits ===On January 18, 2022, a petition was launched to extend child care benefits to three years, which collected 125 thousand signatures.",
"After the petition, on September 1, 2022, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev announced that from January 1, 2023, the child care allowance will be extended to one and a half years."
],
[
"Criticism",
"The channel Astana TV filmed a report in which it talks about \"false petitions\" published on the egov.press website and calls for the creation of a domestic platform.In 2022, Kazakh journalist Yuri Masanov said that the egovpress petition website was fake.",
"After the journalist’s publication, the egov.press website was blocked on June 20, 2022 by a court decision in Kazakhstan.",
"After blocking, the petition site egov.press moved to a new domain alash.online.In June 2023, The international foundation for freedom of speech protection \"Adil Soz\" included the egov.press website in the list of violations of freedom of speech in Kazakhstan."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Max Löwenthal-Chlumecky"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Joseph Maria Maximilian Freiherr von Löwenthal-Chlumecky'''; from 1919 '''Max Löwenthal-Chlumecky''' (14 March 1908 – 27 August 1995) was an Austrian diplomat."
],
[
"Early life",
"Löwenthal was born on 14 March 1908 in Mali Lošinj, a town on the island of Lošinj, in what was then part of Austria-Hungary and today is part of Croatia.",
"His family moved to Vienna in 1912.He was the son of Joseph Freiherr von Löwenthal-Chlumecký (1873–1940), office manager of the Council of Ministers of Austria-Hungary and Alice, Edle Tuerk von Karlovacgrad (1880–1950).He attended the Schottengymnasium, an independent Catholic gymnasium in the First District of Vienna.",
"The school had been founded in 1807 and was one of the most prestigious schools in Austria.",
"After, he studied law and received his juris doctorate."
],
[
"Career",
"Löwenthal-Chlumecky worked as a bank clerk before joining the Austrian Foreign Service in March 1932.He was stationed in Prague until February 1935 and then in Paris.",
"Beginning in 1936, he was in the foreign office in Vienna, where in 1938 he ran the office of Foreign Minister Guido Schmidt.",
"Upon the \"Annexation of Austria,\" the \"Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service\" was applied and Löwenthal-Chlumecky was imprisoned because of his Jewish background.",
"After the annexation, Löwenthal was employed by Continentale Motorschiffahrts-AG (COMOS), which operated in the operating association of the Danube shipping associations.===Post World War II===On 5 February 1952, he was appointed Austrian ambassador to Washington, D.C., where he succeeded Dr. Ludwig Kleinwächter, was accredited from 13 February 1952 to 1954.While based in Washington, D.C., he was also accredited to the governments in Ottawa, Havana and Santo Domingo from 1952 to 1954.From 1954 to 1955 he was based in Buenos Aires, and accredited to the governments in Montevideo and Asunción.From 16 March 1955 to 1972, he was the Austrian ambassador to Rome.",
"When the South Tyrolean Liberation Committee became active with isolated explosive attacks, Löwenthal was called to Vienna for consultations in February 1960.In 1966, he resided in Rome and was accredited to the government in Tunis as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.",
"He served in Rome until his retirement in 1972."
],
[
"Personal life",
"In 1941, Löwenthal married Baroness Else von Rienzburg ( von dem Bussche-Haddenhausen) (1914–1969), the former wife of Wilfried, Edler von Rienzburg, and daughter of Baron Hilmar von dem Bussche-Haddenhausen, a prominent German diplomat, and his Argentinian wife, María Eleonore Martínez de Hoz.",
"Her elder sister, Marie von dem Bussche-Haddenhausen, was the wife of Walther Mumm von Schwarzenstein, and Ulrich, 10th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau.Löwenthal-Chlumecky died in Bolzano on 27 August 1995 was buried in the Protestant Cemetery, Rome."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"La canzone del sole (song)"
],
[
"Introduction",
" \"'''La canzone del sole'''\" () is a 1971 song composed by Lucio Battisti (music) and Mogol (lyrics), arranged by Gian Piero Reverberi and performed by Lucio Battisti."
],
[
"Composition",
"The song was the first composition for the newly created Battisti-Mogol label Numero Uno.",
"The lyrics counterpoint the sweet memories of a youthful summer love and the daily routine of the mature love relationship."
],
[
"Cover versions",
"Artists who covered the song include Mina, José Feliciano, Fiorello, Luca Barbarossa, Formula 3.Luca Carboni's song \"Farfallina\" was inspired by the song's lyrics."
],
[
"Track listing"
],
[
"Charts",
"+ Chart performance for \"La canzone del sole\" Chart (1971–1972) Peakposition Italy (''Discografia internazionale'') 1 Italy (''Musica e dischi'') 1"
],
[
"Certifications"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2025 European Championship of American football"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2025 European Championship''' is the 17th European Championship in American football.",
"The preliminary round will be played around Europe from early October to early November 2024.The final round will played in 2/3 August and 25/26 October 2025."
],
[
"Group A, first round",
"The first round will be played around Europe from 5 October to November 2024.It saw 12 teams divided to four groups.Division ADivision BDivision CDivision D (1) (2) (3) (4) (8) (7) (6) (5) (9) (10) (11) (12)===Division A=== Team 0 0 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 0.000 0 0 0===Division B=== Team 0 0 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 0.000 0 0 0===Division C=== Team 0 0 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 0.000 0 0 0===Division D=== Team 0 0 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 0.000 0 0 0"
],
[
"Group A, final stage",
"The final round will be played on 2–3 August and 25–26 October 2025."
],
[
"See also",
"*International Federation of American Football"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Citybook II: Port o' Call"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Citybook II: Port o' Call''''' is a role-playing game supplement published by Flying Buffalo in 1984."
],
[
"Contents",
"''Citybook II: Port o' Call'' is a campaign setting supplement presenting details of 22 businesses intended to be used with port cities.",
"The second edition also includes \"The Emerald Dome\" by Paul O'Connor."
],
[
"Publication history",
"''Citybook II: Port o' Call'' was edited by edited by Liz Danforth, Michael Stackpole, and Jennifer Roberson, with a cover by Carl Lundgren and illustrations by Liz Danforth, Steve Crompton, and Dave Helber, and was published by Blade/Flying Buffalo in 1984 as a 112-page book, with a second printing of the first edition in 1986 from Blade/Task Force Games as a new publisher, and a second edition published by Flying Buffalo Inc in 1990 as a 120-page book with no price on the cover.",
"Contributors include Allen Wold, Dave Arneson, Jim \"Bear\" Peters, Greg Gorden, Charles de Lint, Hank Stine, Glenn Rahman, Rudy Kraft, and Rick Loomis.Flying Buffalo had begun an ambitious publishing schedule after arranging a line of credit with a local printer in 1982, which included ''Citybook II: Port O' Call''; however, after an ownership change the printer cut this line of credit in 1983 so it would be a year before Flying Buffalo could produce ''Citybook II'' (1984)."
],
[
"Reviews",
"*''Fantasy Gamer'' #6*''Games International'' #11"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Malik Awais Jakhar"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Malik Awais Jakhar''' (), also known as, '''Malik Awais Haider Jakhar''' or '''Malik Awais Niaz Jakhar''', is a Pakistani politician who is member-elect of the National Assembly of Pakistan."
],
[
"Political career",
"Jakhar won the 2024 Pakistani general election from NA-182 Layyah-II as an Independent candidate.",
"He received 141,869 votes while runner up Syed Muhammad Saqlain Shah Bukhari of Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML (N))received 118,654 votes."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Tianxian, Shehong"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Tianxian''' () is a town under the administration of Shehong, Sichuan, China.",
", it administers Tianxiansi Community (), Taixing Community (), and the following seventeen villages:*Tianhe Village ()*Sile Village ()*Longfeng Village ()*Baima Village ()*Feiyue Village ()*Tianfu Village ()*Shuangmiao Village ()*Dashi Village ()*Fengming Village ()*Yuzhenguan Village ()*Shuangqing Village ()*Qinglongzhui Village ()*Taiping Village ()*Wenchang Village ()*Sanqing Village ()*Shengxue Village ()*Erjiaosi Village ()"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Ten in the Bed (song)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Ten in the Bed''', '''There were Ten in a bed''''''There Were Ten in a bed''' is an English-language nursery rhyme, counting-out rhyme, action song and a children's song of American origin."
],
[
"Lyrics",
"The first modern version of the song lyrics are:"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"See also",
"* List of nursery rhymes"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Abochani"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Abochani''' or '''Abochhini''' are Sindhi embroidered wedding shawls for brides from Sindh from early to mid 19th and 20th century, the beautiful long shawls embroidered with glossy silk threads and mirrors.",
"Many Sindhi Sammat tribes like Khaskheli and Memons make \"Butti\" flower motifs on Abochhinis.",
"The Soomra tribe wedding shawls have scattered buds of \"Akk\" plant (Calotropis procera) embroidered in typical Phulri (Herringbone) stitch, various other motifs like Bayri (Ziziphus jujuba), Kanwal (Lotus), stitches and colors of luminous silk threads are used on it, these shawls were given to brides as part of dowry."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Islamic State in Kurdistan"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Islamic State in Kurdistan''' refers to various organized clandestine cell systems operating in Kurdistan who gave their allegiance to the Islamic State, as well as the activities of the Islamic State organization in Kurdistan.",
"It is currently like ISJK and is not an official wilayah."
],
[
"Background",
"An Islamic State fighter of Chechen background had confirmed that the Islamic State plans to make Kurdistan into an official wilayah (province) within its caliphate, although it was repeatedly delayed due to the Islamic State's failure to control any significant land in Kurdistan.",
"However, there have been many organized cells, dominated by Kurds who operate in Kurdistan, which are connected to each other through their mutual allegiance to the Islamic State."
],
[
"Activities",
"In December 2013, there were reports of the Islamic State making a Kurdistan wilayah (province).",
"The purported Kurdistan wilayah was to be under the rule of Kurdish senior militants, who reported directly to the Islamic State's top leaders.",
"The alleged wilayah included Kurdish-majority areas in Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and Iran, and the proclamation of the wilayah was publicly announced by an Islamic State senior leader in Nineveh.",
"Al-Qaeda, whose ideology is based on the thoughts of Osama bin Laden, had also included Kurdistan as a wilayah within their planned caliphate, which reportedly inspired the Islamic State to form a Kurdistan wilayah as well.",
"Following the Fall of Fallujah, and the Fall of Mosul, the Islamic State declared itself a caliphate on 29 June 2014, with Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi as the caliph.Ansar al-Islam and the Kurdistan Brigades, two closely allied groups, were the top jihadist groups among Kurds.",
"Ansar al-Islam was pro-Al-Qaeda, while the Kurdistan Brigades was an official faction of Al-Qaeda.",
"They were both allied to the Islamic State of Iraq, which was another Al-Qaeda affiliate.",
"Later in 2010, the Kurdistan Brigades disbanded, and the Islamic State of Iraq also disbanded in April 2013.The Islamic State was founded on April 7th, 2013, as a successor of the Islamic State of Iraq, and it became an enemy of Al-Qaeda and its affiliated groups.",
"After the Islamic State was founded, Ansar al-Islam began fighting fiercely against them, with both groups exchanging fire for months.",
"Later, in July 2014, in a surprising move which sparked many questions and controversies, many Ansar al-Islam leaders pledged their allegiance to the Islamic State.",
"On 29 August 2014, over 50 Ansar al-Islam commanders, and high-ranking members, pledged their allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.",
"Ansar al-Islam, despite its significant losses, continued to operate while opposing the Islamic State.",
"Some veterans of the Kurdish Hezbollah also joined the Islamic State.On Newroz 2015, the Islamic State released a 24-minute propaganda video in Kurdish.",
"The main speaker in the video was Abu Khattab al-Kurdi, who promised that the Islamic State was going to \"bring the Caliphate to Kurdistan\".",
"The video ended with three Peshmerga soldiers each being beheaded by a different Kurdish militant.The Islamic State in Kurdistan also claimed responsibility for two bombings in Hasakah, targeting Newroz celebrations, which resulted in as many as 45 people dying.A Syrian Kurdish activist who lived under the Islamic State for a period of time, in an interview, said that many of the high-ranking Kurds in the Islamic State were Iraqi Kurds, with a significant amount of Iranian Kurds and Turkish Kurds, as well as many Syrian Kurds.",
"He claimed that Syrian Kurds had much less communication with the Islamic State, and therefore were more likely to believe rumours about the Islamic State, but many still joined them.",
"Although he opposed the Islamic State, he refuted claims that the Islamic State was anti-Kurdish, and claimed that they do not differentiate between Kurds and Arabs, and that they do not fight Kurds because they are Kurds, but they fight secular-nationalist Kurdish groups because they are against their religious doctrine.",
"In early 2015, the number of Kurds in the Islamic State was estimated to be 3,000.They were dubbed the \"Kurds of the Caliphate\" due to their rejection of their Iraqi, Syrian, Turkish, or Iranian citizenships, as well as their rejection of loyalty to the Kurdish nationalist movement.Mullah Shwan Kurdi joined the Islamic State during its early stages and rose to be a senior member.",
"Mullah Shwan appeared in a video in early 2015, in which he interviewed 20 Peshmerga fighters and 1 Iraqi soldier, who were locked in cages.Another famous preacher named Ismail Susayi, based in Erbil, also pledged his allegiance to the Islamic State and was arrested in 2018 after he was involved in an attack on governmental offices in Erbil.",
"Dastbar Othman, a Kurdish teen from Germany who frequently visited Susayi during his trips to Iraqi Kurdistan, was also arrested after he moved to Iraqi Kurdistan to be an informant for the Islamic State.The Islamic State's influence increased quickly in Adıyaman and Bingöl, in Turkish Kurdistan, with many either leaving to join the Islamic State, or forming Islamic State cells in their cities.",
"Adıyaman had the deadliest Islamic State cell in all of Turkey, and out of the 21-person cell, 18 were Kurdish natives of Adıyaman, which led to surprise due to how Kurds were associated with the YPG in the media at the time.The Kurds who were loyal to the Islamic State were crucial during the Siege of Kobanî, in which both the Kurds of Kobanî as well as the Kurds who travelled there, had guided the Islamic State through the terrain and language barriers.",
"While many of the Kurds of Kobanî welcomed the Islamic State out of genuine support, others welcomed them because they hated the PYD to the point they viewed the Islamic State as a better alternative.In 2018, an Iranian Kurdish man named Saryas Sadeghi, who worked as an Islamic State recruiter, had blown himself up at the Shrine of Ruhollah Khomeini.",
"The majority of Kurds in Iran who sympathised with the Islamic State had crossed to Iraqi Kurdistan or to Syria in order to join its Kurdish faction, although a small minority of them crossed into Afghanistan to join the Islamic State – Khorasan Province.In 2017, a Kurdish group known as the White Flags emerged.",
"American defence and military officials claimed that the White Flags were a union of Kurdish ISIS and Ansar al-Islam remnants, however it was just allegations, as the Kurds of the Islamic State had continued fighting for the Islamic State under sleeper cells.",
"It was also alleged that the White Flags are allied with the Islamic State, however the allegations are baseless as the two groups never interacted.",
"The White Flags have been inactive since 2018.The common consensus was that the White Flags were an Ansar al-Islam faction which attempted to rebrand and failed.In July 2021, Iraqi ICTS forces collaborated with Kurdish CTG to crackdown on Islamic State cells across the country.",
"Later in December, Kurdish security forces disrupted dozens of Islamic State sleeper cells across Iraqi Kurdistan, and the Kurdistan Region Security Council (KRSC) confirmed that most Islamic State cell members which they arrested have been Kurds.",
"The cell leader was arrested on December 13, in an operation 72 hours after the arrest of 25 Islamic State members from Halabja, Said Sadiq, Khurmal, Sirwan, and Erbil.",
"Two Kurdish sleeper cells of the Islamic State were disrupted in August 2022, and Kurdistan was referred to as a \"fertile ground\" for the Islamic State ideology.In July 2023, an Islamic State commander who was involved in the Camp Speicher massacre was found and arrested in Sulaymaniyah."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Emilio Aristizábal"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Emilio Aristizábal Chavarriaga''' (born 5 August 2005) is a Colombian footballer currently playing as a forward for Atlético Nacional."
],
[
"Early life",
"Aristizábal was born to former Colombian international footballer Víctor Aristizábal."
],
[
"Club career",
"Having started his footballing career in the academy run by his father, named Escuela Aristigol, at the age of five, he was not initially eager to train, with his father stating that he would often be too tired from school.",
"After settling, Aristizábal would often train with players one or two years older than him, and began to attract the attention of professional side Atlético Nacional in 2019.Having undergone a two-month trial with the club in October and November of 2019, he joined the club in January of the following year, undergoing pre-season with the club's youth team.Having progressed through the academy, continuing to play with players one year his senior, he made his unofficial debut in a 1–0 friendly loss to Millonarios on 8 July 2023.On 2 November of the same year, he made his official debut for the club; coming on as a late second-half substitution for Jefferson Duque, as Atlético Nacional went on to beat Deportivo Pereira on penalties in their Copa Colombia match.In January 2024, Aristizábal scored his first goal for Atlético Nacional; in the club's last pre-season friendly, he scored a goal from six yards after meeting Carlos Sierra's cross, as Atlético Nacional went on to draw 1–1 with Venezuelan opposition Caracas."
],
[
"Style of play",
"Initially a winger while at the Escuela Aristigol, he transitioned into a striker during his development, the same position as his father."
],
[
"Career statistics",
"===Club===+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competitionClubSeasonLeagueCupContinentalOtherTotal DivisionAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAtlético Nacional2023Categoría Primera A102000003020241000–0010'''Career total'''2020000040;Notes"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"UAE Team Emirates Gen Z"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''UAE Team Emirates Gen Z''' is an Emirati UCI Continental cycling team that was founded in 2024.It acts as the development program for UCI WorldTeam ."
],
[
"Team roster"
],
[
"Major wins",
";2024: Overall Tour of Sharjah, Gal Glivar::Stage 3 (ITT), Gal Glivar"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Piña (surname)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Piña''' is a Spanish language surname, literally meaning \"pineapple\".",
"While the exact origin of the surname is unknown, it may have originated around the mountainous regions of León or in Galicia.Notable people with the surname include:*Aarón Piña Mora (1914–2009), Mexican painter and muralist*Antonio Velasco Piña (1935–2020), Mexican novelist*Blanca Estela Piña Gudiño (born 1955), Mexican teacher and politician*Blanca Ibáñez Piña (born 1947), Venezuelan politician*Celso Piña (1953–2019), Mexican singer and composer*César Gelabert Piña (born 2000), Spanish footballer*Cristina Piña (born 1949), Argentine poet and scholar*Dulce Piña (born 1966), Dominican judoka*Francisco Piña (born 1998), Chilean footballer*Gilberto García Piña (born 1969), Dominican judoka*Gonzalo Piña Ludueña (1545–1600), Spanish conquistador*Horacio Piña (born 1945), Mexican baseball player*Inocencio Ibarra Piña (born 1967), Mexican politician*Íñigo Piña (born 1994), Spanish footballer *Joaquín Piña Batllevell (1930–2013), Spanish-Argentine Catholic bishop*Jonathan Piña (born 1989), Mexican footballer*José Piña (born 1996), Venezuelan footballer*José Luis Espinosa Piña (born 1968), Mexican politician*Karol Itzitery Piña Cisneros (born 1999), Mexican actress and singer*Laura Fernández Piña (born 1971), Mexican marketer and politician*Laura Piña Olmedo (born 1959), Mexican politician*Manny Piña (born 1987), Mexican baseball player*Manolita Piña (1883–1994), Spanish-Uruguayan painter*Mariano Piña Olaya (born 1933), Mexican politician*Melesio Piña (born 1948), Mexican sprinter*Norma Lucía Piña Hernández (born 1960), Mexican lawyer and educator*Porfirio Piña (born 1965), Dominican entrepreneur and director*Queco Piña (born 1980), Spanish footballer*Sulennis Piña Vega (born 1981), Cuban chess player*Tinabeth Piña, American journalist*Verónica Juárez Piña (born 1971), Mexican politician"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Alice LaPlante"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Alice LaPlante''' is an American author known for her works of fiction and non-fiction.",
"She is also a Jones Lecturer at Stanford University and Professor of Creative writing at San Francisco State University.",
"She has been awarded with Wellcome Book Prize and was the finalist of Barry Award (crime novel prize) and Macavity Awards."
],
[
"Biography",
"She grew up in Chicago.",
"She attended Stanford University, where she earned a degree in English Literature.",
"Later, she pursued further studies in writing."
],
[
"Career",
"After completing her education, LaPlante began her career as a writer, and gained recognition for her work as a journalist and writer, She's written for several tech periodicals including IBM, HP, Oracle, Microsoft, and Sunsoft.",
"Additionally, she taught creative writing at Stanford University and San Francisco State University.LaPlante is the author of several books, both fiction and non-fiction.",
"Her debut novel, ''Turn of Mind'', published in 2011, received critical acclaim and won the Wellcome Trust Book Prize.",
"The novel explores the experience of Alzheimer's disease through the perspective of a suspect with the condition.",
"LaPlante's writing style and narrative techniques were praised for their authenticity and emotional depth.In addition to her novels, LaPlante has published short stories in literary journals such as Epoch and Southwest Review.",
"She is also the author of ''Method and Madness: The Making of a Story'', a non-fiction book on the craft of writing.In 2014 LaPlante published her novel \"A Circle of Wives,\" narrating a story of plastic surgeon John Taylor's mysterious death reveals his hidden life with three wives.In 2018 She published ''Half Moon Bay'', that navigates grief, trauma, and hope amidst the eerie disappearance of young girls in her seaside village."
],
[
"Bibliography",
"****"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Tianxian, Luzhou"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Tianxian''' () is a town under the administration of Naxi District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.",
", it administers Huabeixi Community (), Qubayi Community (), and the following thirteen villages:* Mouguan Village ()* Guanyin Village ()* Jiangjun Village ()* Wendeng Village ()* Ziyang Village ()* Huangjia Village ()* Yinluo Village ()* Jiutou Village ()* Jiujun Village ()* Qingliang Village ()* Tianxing Village ()* Shuangxin Village ()* Xuelong Village ()"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Didymocheton alliaceus"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Didymocheton alliaceus''''' is a species of flowering plant in the mahogany family, Meliaceae.",
"It is a tree native to the tropical Pacific islands, ranging from the Solomon Islands to the Caroline Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Wallis and Futuna, Niue, Tonga, and the Samoan Islands.",
"It is most closely related to ''Didymocheton mollissimus'' of Malesia and mainland Southeast Asia, ''D.",
"mollis'' of the Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea, and Sulawesi, and ''D.",
"muelleri'' of northeastern Australia.The species was first described as ''Trichilia alliacea'' by Georg Forster in 1786.It was reclassified as ''Didymocheton alliaceus'' in 2021."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 Kansas City parade shooting"
],
[
"Introduction",
"On February 14, 2024, 23 people were wounded in a mass shooting at the west side of Union Station in Kansas City, Missouri, United States.",
"One person was killed and 22 others were injured, including 11 children.",
"The shooting followed a Super Bowl LVIII victory parade for the Kansas City Chiefs.Two adults and two juveniles were charged in connection with the shooting, with the two adults being charged with murder."
],
[
"Background",
"On February 11, 2024, the Kansas City Chiefs won Super Bowl LVIII.",
"On February 14, a victory parade and rally were held, with a municipal budget of almost being allocated.",
"The parade ran from Sixth Street to Union Station, culminating with the team and dignitaries giving speeches at the rally in front of the building.",
"More than 600 Kansas City Police Department officers and 200 other officers were staffed around the events.",
"The crowd was estimated at one million, including many families due to Kansas City metropolitan area schools canceling classes for it."
],
[
"Shooting",
"The shooting occurred at approximately 2 p.m. CST, immediately after the parade rally.",
"According to a reporter attending the rally, loud pops could be heard as the confetti began to fall and the Kansas City Chiefs and staff were inside Union Station.",
"Some witnesses claimed that they had heard an altercation before the shooting, with one reporting hearing a woman telling someone else \"Not now, this isn’t the place.\"",
"One of the suspected shooters was chased and tackled by attendees.Some of the Chiefs players sheltered in place with attendees, such as Trey Smith and James Winchester in a small closet, and helped maintain calm until evacuation.",
"Another attendee who sheltered inside Union Station recalled being told by a security guard to hop the fence due to the shooter, and witnessed head coach Andy Reid and players calming down panicked children.",
"Chiefs players and their families who had attended the parade were escorted from the area and taken back to Arrowhead Stadium shortly after the shooting."
],
[
"Victims",
"Twenty-three people were shot, resulting in one homicide and twenty-two injuries.",
"Six people were seriously wounded by gunshots, five were less seriously wounded, and three were injured by other means.",
"The only fatality was Lisa Lopez-Galvan, a Tejano DJ for local radio station KKFI, who died at the scene of the shooting.",
"Four hospitals received 30 patients, of whom 19 had gunshot wounds.",
"Children's Mercy Hospital received 11 child victims aged between six and fifteen years old, nine of whom had been shot."
],
[
"Suspects",
"Three suspects were initially apprehended, two of whom were armed.",
"Two of the three suspects detained were juveniles.",
"One suspect was released after it was determined the individual was not involved with the shooting.",
"The two juvenile suspects remain in custody.",
"On February 16, the two suspects were charged with gun-related crimes and resisting arrest, with additional charges expected to come.On February 20, police apprehended two more male suspects, who were separately from the two unidentified juveniles.",
"Both men were charged with second-degree murder in connection of the shooting."
],
[
"Investigation",
"Kansas City police are coordinating with the FBI and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives to collect physical and digital evidence and interview witnesses and victims.",
"An FBI online portal was created for anyone to submit digital evidence.Kansas City Police Chief Stacey Graves stated during a news conference concerning the preliminary investigative findings that the shooting appeared to have been a \"dispute between several people that ended in gunfire\", and that there is no indication of a \"nexus to terrorism or homegrown violent extremism\"."
],
[
"Reactions",
"Missouri Governor Mike Parson attended the station and posted on social media, \"State law enforcement personnel are assisting local authorities in response efforts.\"",
"Missouri legislator and 2024 Anti-Crime Committee member Manny Abarca IV was present during the shooting, and stated his view that Lopez-Galvan and other victims of gun violence in the US, are never forgotten.",
"President Joe Biden was briefed, and Mayor Quinton Lucas received calls from the White House offering assistance in the investigation.",
"The House of Representatives held a moment of silence, led by Kansas City area House congressional members Emanuel Cleaver, Sharice Davids, Mark Alford, and Ann Wagner.",
"The Chiefs and the NFL expressed condolences.",
"Other local teams such as the Kansas City Royals and Kansas City Current also expressed condolences.",
"The Chiefs launched a fund called KC Strong in partnership with United Way of Greater Kansas City, with money raised going to support victims of the shooting, their families and first responders, as well towards violence prevention and mental health support services.",
"The Chiefs, the Hunt Family Foundation and the NFL donated $200,000 to the fund.",
"Chiefs quarterback Patrick Mahomes and his wife Brittany Mahomes donated $50,000 to the fund, and visited victims of the shooting in hospital.",
"Chiefs tight end Travis Kelce and singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, whose relationship drew media attention during the season, each donated $100,000 to a GoFundMe page set up by the family of Lopez-Galvan and to the Reyes family.American former soccer player and analyst Taylor Twellman expressed outrage on social media on the lack of gun control legislation, stating that visitors to the 2026 FIFA World Cup (including six games in Kansas City) would not feel safe.",
"Parents of shooting victims of the Parkland high school shooting on February 14, 2018, six years prior, expressed their dismay and lack of surprise due to lax gun laws, while discussing their own shooting anniversary.",
"Kostas Moros, an attorney representing the California Rifle & Pistol Association, argued that calls for gun control were misplaced, noting that at least two of the suspects were juveniles who cannot legally purchase or carry firearms.Social media users spread misinformation about the identity of a suspect, falsely claiming that a 44-year-old migrant named \"Sahil Omar\" was the shooter."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Ellsworth Land Volcanic Group"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Ellsworth Land Volcanic Group''' is a geological formation in the Latady Basin, Ellsworth Land, Antarctic Peninsula, with a calculated maximum depositional age of 183.4 ± 1.4 Ma, and a younger age around 177.5 ± 2.2 Ma, covering the Toarcian stage of the Jurassic Period in the Mesozoic Era.",
"This group is made up of volcanoclastic material, with the Mount Poster Formation, composed of silicic ignimbrites, and the Sweeney Formation, consisting of a mix of basaltic and sedimentary facies.The Mount Poster Formation was the first described in 1985, found on the locality of the same name, with exposures across northwestern areas of the southern Black Coast, Orville Coast, and eastern Ellsworth Land.",
"It was found to be made of pyroclastic rocks along lava flows, all from intracaldera origin, interbedded with few sedimentary rocks.",
"Originally, dating analyses indicated ages 189 ± 3 Ma-188 ± 3 Ma for the lowermost sections (Lower Pliensbachian), and 167 ± 3 Ma (Bathonian) for different locations within the formation, yet was latter constrained to the Toarcian-only, between 183 and 177 Ma.",
"Due to this datations it was allocated in the lowermost section of the Jurassic Latady Basin layers, overlied by what was defined back then as \"Latady Formation\" (now Latady Group), now proven to be the Sweeney Formation.",
"The Sweeney Fm rocks outcrop on W Potter Peak, Mount Jenkins, Mount Edward, Mount Ballard and Mount Wasilewski.",
"Local vulcanism is know to have continued in the Middle-Late Jurassic, as evidenced in the Latady Group deposition.",
"The Ellsworth Land Volcanic Group belongs to the Patagonia-Antarctic Peninsula sequence, along the Brennecke Formation, form part of the wider first-stage event (V1) of the Chon Aike Province, proving connection with both areas in the Early Jurassic, with the closest unit being the Marifil Formation.",
"The sedimentary layers are correlated with the Cañadón Asfalto Formation along with the Lonco Trapial Formation, Bajo Pobre Formation, Cañadón Huemules Formation and Roca Blanca Formation in Argentina."
],
[
"Geology and Stratigraphy",
"The Antarctic Peninsula has been traditionally interpreted as a native continental arc, yet more recent studies suggest it is a collection of terranes merged onto the Gondwana margin.",
"In the Antarctic Peninsula and eastern Ellsworth Land, volcanic and plutonic rocks formed during the subduction of oceanic lithosphere, marking different periods of volcanic activity.",
"These rocks, part of the Antarctic Peninsula Volcanic Group, range from Early Jurassic to Tertiary age and exhibit various facies and ages, though their relationships are not fully understood.",
"The Mesozoic volcanic-sedimentary layers in the Ellsworth land sit atop older metamorphosed sedimentary rocks, like Ordovician to Permian basement on the Trinity Peninsula Group.",
"Plutonic rocks, forming widespread outcrops, dominate the Antarctic Peninsula's igneous landscape, with their full extent and connectivity still not fully understood due to limited exposure and data availability.",
"The Larsen & Latady Basins developed and where filled in the Early Jurassic as a result of rifting and arc extension during the early stages of the southern Gondwana break-up.The Ellsworth Land Volcanic Group underlies parts of the southern Antarctic Peninsula and eastern Ellsworth Land.",
"At Mount Poster, these volcanic rocks, up to 600 meters thick, and probably exceeds 2 kilometers in total thickness, yet is difficult to know.",
"Ellsworth Land intertongues with the Sweeney Fm and is overlied by the Latady Group, marked by intense folding, thrust faulting, and pluton intrusion during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous period.The Ellsworth Land VG shows considerable alteration and metamorphism, leading to challenges with volcanic sections correlation due to variations in rock types and minor faulting, with an estimated thickness of roughly 1000 meters in the Sweeney Mountains, where is present in most peaks, where is characterized by silicic ignimbrite, featuring diverse weathering patterns and lithology dominated by feldspar-rich ignimbrite.",
"Additionally, it contains lithic-rich sections with quartzite fragments and traces of red mudstone, along with late-stage epidote and quartz veining.",
"Well-consolidated units exhibit distinguishable fiamme, while less consolidated ignimbrites contain flattened pumices, occasionally found alongside deformed ignimbrites.",
"The sedimentary facies are more typically tens of metres thick, with a maximum of ∼300 m black finely laminated mudstone and sandstone.=== Age ===Analyses of intracaldera ignimbrites in the Mount Poster Formation yielded an age of 183.4 ± 1.4 Ma, around the same time as volcanic activity in other regions like Karoo-Ferrar.",
"Zircon analysis were conducted on eight samples of silicic ignimbrite spanning from the Sweeney Mountains to Lyon Nunataks, with ages ranging from 185.2 ± 1.5 Ma to 177.5 ± 2.2 Ma, while detrital zircons from sedimentary rocks at Potter Peak West indicate again 183 ± 4 Ma.",
"These findings indicate that volcanic activity began either slightly before or at the same time as the initial non-volcanic sedimentation in the Sweeney Formation."
],
[
"Paleoenvironment",
"The Toarcian Latady Basin was bracketed between the Ellsworth-Whitmore block, that was llocated in the Paleopacific along the Marie Byrd Land, Thurston Island, the Antarctic Peninsula and Southern Patagonia, being either islands or a peninsular landmass connected with mainland South America.",
"While there is a fit of the main surrounding continents and landmasses, the position of the inlet fragments along the Transantarctic margin of East Antarctica is complex.",
"Local sediments where sourced mostly from the Mount Poster Caldera, followed by recycled-orogen materials.Local vulcanism was likely dominated by large-volume (Ultra-Plinian) eruptions, providing a potential rhyolitic volcanic source to nearby Transantarctic Area (ex.",
"Mawson Formation).",
"The Mount Poser layers suggests they were likely deposited within a Volcanic crater, indicated by similar composition, strong bonding, extensive layering, and the presence of faults and dykes around the edges that mark the boundaries of such crater, resembling units recovered in western United States and Alaska, where volcanic activity created similar landscapes.",
"The differences seen on the layers might indicate different volcanic events from various centers, possibly forming a series of connected or nested craters.",
"The sedimentary layers near the volcanic ones often show signs of heat damage or disturbance by the volcanics: red mudstone next to basaltic flows turns black, and disrupted bedding underlies lava bodies.",
"Sedimentary layers mainly consist of well-sorted sandstone and siltstone with ripple patterns, suggesting deposition in freshwater, likely in a lacustrine body with associated subaerial fluvial units.",
"Fossil plant remains indicate a terrestrial environment, with conifers dominating and suggesting a preference for volcanic-rich soil.",
"Lacustrine layers with volcanic influence are recovered in the connected Cañadón Asfalto Formation."
],
[
"Fossil content",
"The fossil palaeoassemblage is dominated by plants, suggesting a fully terrestrial or lacustrine setting, withtout any marine evidence.",
"The material is dominated by wood trunks and root horizons.",
"The leaf-based macroflora is conifer-dominated and corresponds to genera recovered in the Argentinian Cañadón Asfalto Formation, where cuticular analisis of the same taxa suggests common environmental stress.",
"This fits also with the local foliar remains, that are consistent with growth between eruptive phases.===Equisetales=== Genus Species Location Member Material Ecogroup Palaeoclimate requirements Notes Images''Equisetites''*''Equisetites lateralis''*Mount Poster*Potter Peak*Mount Poster Formation*Sweeney FormationStemsLowland and Riverside Warm to temperate, relatively wetPlants of the group Equisetales.",
"Usually linked with riversides''Equisetites'' specimen===Pteridophyta=== Genus Species Location Member Material Ecogroup Palaeoclimate requirements Notes Images''Cladophlebis''*''Cladophlebis antarctica''*''Cladophlebis gallantinensis''*Mount Poster*Potter Peak*Mount Poster Formation*Sweeney Formation Isolated PinnaeLowland and RiversideWarm to temperate, relatively wet Plants of the family Osmundaceae.",
"155px===Peltaspermales=== Genus Species Location Member Material Ecogroup Palaeoclimate requirements Notes Images''Archangelskya''* ''Archangelskya furcata''* Potter Peak* Sweeney FormationIsolated PinnaeLowland and Riverside Warm, can withstand long periods of drought; seasonal climatePlants of the group Pteridospermata''Taeniopteris''* ''Taeniopteris sp.",
"''Lowland and Riverside Warm to temperate, relatively wetPlants of the group Pentoxylales.",
"Their liana-like anatomy has also led to suggestions of a habit similar to that of brambles === Cycadeoidopsida ===GenusSpeciesLocationMemberMaterialEcogroupPalaeoclimate requirementsNotesImages''Zamites''* ''Zamites antarcticus''* Potter Peak* Sweeney FormationLeafletsLowland and RiversideWarm to temperate, can withstand long periods of drought; seasonal climateAffinities with Bennettitales inside Cycadeoidopsida.196x196px===Coniferophyta=== Genus Species Location Member Material Ecogroup Palaeoclimate requirements Notes Images''Brachyphyllum''* ''Brachyphyllum spp.",
"''*Potter Peak West*Sweeney FormationBranched shoots Upland, Lowland and Riverside ?Warm to temperate, relatively wetPlants of the family Araucariaceae or Cheirolepidiaceae''Elatoclaudus''* ''Elatocladus confertus''Upland and LowlandWarm to temperate, can withstand long periods of drought; seasonal climatePlants of the family Cupressaceae''Pagiophyllum''* ''Pagiophyllum divaricatum''Lowland and Coastal lakeWarm to temperate, can withstand long periods of drought; seasonal climatePlants of the family Araucariaceae or Cheirolepidiaceae"
],
[
"See also",
"* List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Antarctica* Shafer Peak Formation* Mawson Formation* Hanson Formation* Shackleton Formation* South Polar region of the Cretaceous* Toarcian turnover* Toarcian formations**Marne di Monte Serrone, Italy** Calcare di Sogno, Italy** Sachrang Formation, Austria** Posidonia Shale, Lagerstätte in Germany** Ciechocinek Formation, Germany and Poland** Krempachy Marl Formation, Poland and Slovakia** Lava Formation, Lithuania** Azilal Group, North Africa** Whitby Mudstone, England** Fernie Formation, Alberta and British Columbia*** Poker Chip Shale** Whiteaves Formation, British Columbia** Navajo Sandstone, Utah** Los Molles Formation, Argentina** Kandreho Formation, Madagascar** Kota Formation, India** Cattamarra Coal Measures, Australia"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Fallacinol"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Fallacinol''' ('''teloschistin''') is an organic compound in the structural class of chemicals known as anthraquinones.",
"It is found in some lichens, particularly in the family Teloschistaceae, as well as a couple of plants and non lichen-forming fungi.",
"In 1936, Japanese chemists isolated a pigment named fallacin from the lichen ''Oxneria fallax'', which was later refined and assigned a tentative structural formula; by 1949, Indian chemists had isolated a substance from ''Teloschistes flavicans'' with an identical structural formula to fallacin.",
"Later research further separated fallacin into two distinct pigments, fallacin-A (later called fallacinal) and fallacin-B (fallacinol).",
"The latter compound is also known as teloschistin due to its structural match with the substance isolated earlier."
],
[
"History",
"In 1936, Japanese chemists Mitizo Asano and Sinobu Fuziwara reported on their chemical investigations into the colour pigments of the lichen ''Xanthoria fallax'' (now known as ''Oxneria fallax''), found growing on the bark of mulberry trees.",
"They isolated a pigment they named fallacin.",
"A few years later Asano and Yosio Arata further purified the crude material from this lichen, ultimately obtaining an orange-yellow compound with a molecular formula of C16H12O6.Using information from additional chemical tests, they proposed a tentative structural formula for fallacin.",
"In 1949, T. R. Seshadri and S. Subramanian published their investigations into the chemistry of ''Teloschistes flavicans'', a lichen from which they isolated an orange substance they named teloschistin, and which had a structural formula identical to that of fallacin proposed by Asano and Arata years earlier.In 1956, Takao Murakami reported reexamining the crude pigment obtainable from ''Xanthoria fallax'' using Asano's original 1936 procedure.",
"He separated out fallacin from parietin, a co-occurring substance, using several rounds of column chromatography, and showed that Asano's original pigment was actually a combination of two pigments with different melting points, which he designated as fallacin-A and fallacin-B.",
"After chemically determining the structure of fallacin-A, Murakami designated this substance as fallacinal.",
"He named the biogenically related compound fallacin-B as fallacinol.",
"Because of Seshadri and Subramanian's work, this substance is also known as \"teloschistin\" in the literature."
],
[
"Extraction and isolation",
"In an early chemical examination of the lichen ''Teloschistes flavicans'', Friedrich Wilhelm Zopf identified two substances: physcion (now known more commonly as parietin) with a melting point (m.p.)",
"of and an unidentified colourless compound with a m.p.",
"of .",
"Subsequent studies by Seshadri and Sankara Subramanian refined the extraction process, utilising a series of solvents—ether, acetone, and water—to isolate the constituents.",
"The ether phase was found to contain all the crystalline compounds, while subsequent solvents did not yield additional extracts.Within the ether extract, a colourless compound, referred to as substance A, was separated based on its insolubility in alkali.",
"The alkali-soluble fraction exhibited characteristics of parietin, though impurities complicated its purification.",
"It was eventually purified to a parietin fraction with a melting point of after multiple stages of fractional crystallization using an alcohol-chloroform mixture.The presence of another compound with a higher melting point posed a purification challenge, which was resolved by employing petroleum ether and chloroform for sequential extraction.",
"The petroleum ether extract contained the colourless substance A and a majority of parietin, allowing for easier purification of the latter.",
"The chloroform extract revealed the higher-melting compound, which the authors thought was a novel substance, and which they named \"teloschistin\".In 1951, Neelakantan and colleagues expanded on the initial identification of fallacinol, focusing on its chemical structure.",
"They confirmed its molecular formula as C16H12O6 and identified it as a hydroxyl derivative of parietin, lacking specific hydroxy groupings that would typically cause fluorescence or colour changes in acidic conditions.",
"To conclusively determine the position of its methoxyl group, fallacinol was chemically altered into a compound with a known methoxyl position, establishing it firmly in the 7-position.",
"This process involved a series of reactions, including demethylation, reduction, and oxidation.",
"Additionally, comparisons with similar anthraquinone derivatives through hydrolysis and other reactions further substantiated the structural findings.The research also noted the slower-than-expected reaction rates during oxidation, suggesting a distinctive reactivity pattern for fallacinol, possibly due to its additional hydroxyl group.",
"Finally, the study described the anthranol form of fallacinol, providing a reference for its properties and transformative behaviour."
],
[
"Properties",
"Fallacinol is a member of the class of chemical compounds called anthraquinones.",
"Its IUPAC name is 1,8-dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-6-methoxyanthraquinone.",
"The absorbance maxima (λmax) of fallacinol in the ultraviolet spectrum has five peaks of maximum absorption at 223, 251, 266, 287 nanometres; the visible spectrum has peaks at 434 and 455 nm.",
"In the infrared spectrum, it has peaks at 1624, 1631, 1670, 3450, 3520 cm-1.Fallacinol's molecular formula is C16H12O6; it has a molecular mass of 300.26 grams per mole.",
"In its purified crystalline form, it exists as orange needles, with a melting point of .It is soluble in cold dilute potassium hydroxide, forming red-violet crystals, and is insoluble in sodium bicarbonate and carbonate solutions.",
"Similar to parietin, it produces a reddish-brown colour with alcoholic ferric chloride and yields a deep orange-red solution with concentrated sulphuric acid, which appears eosin-like in thin layers.",
"To early researchers, these properties suggested that fallacinol was structurally similar to parietin but with an additional oxygen atom, inferred to be a hydroxyl group, based on its higher melting point and reduced solubility.",
"The sparing solubility of its potassium salt and its insolubility in aqueous sodium carbonate suggested a methoxyl group placement consistent with other known compounds like parietin and erythroglaucin.Fallacinol was shown to have antifungal activity and antibacterial activity in laboratory tests; it was particularly active against the fungus species ''Trichoderma harzianum'', ''Aspergillus niger'', and ''Penicillium verrucosum''.",
"In a study exploring lichen compounds for COVID-19 therapeutics, fallacinol demonstrated the highest binding energy against SARS-CoV-2's spike protein, suggesting its potential as an inhibitor of virus growth."
],
[
"Chemical synthesis",
"A synthetic route to fallacinol has been developed using parietin as an intermediate, highlighting a biogenetic link between the two compounds found in the lichen.",
"The process involves the conversion of parietin diacetate to an ω-bromo derivative via N-bromosuccinimide in the presence of benzoyl peroxide, a technique also applied to various anthraquinones and related compounds.",
"The brominated intermediate is then converted to fallacinol triacetate using silver acetate and acetic anhydride, yielding the target compound.",
"Final steps include hydrolysis with methanolic sulphuric acid to produce fallacinol and a methylation stage for complete conversion.",
"The synthesis not only mirrors the natural biogenesis but also achieves a melting point of , consistent with the purified natural product.",
"An alternative synthesis was proposed in 1984, using a methodology employing Diels–Alder additions of napthoquinones to mixed trimethylsilyl vinylketene acetals as a route to synthetic hydroxyanthraquinones."
],
[
"Occurence",
"''Reynoutria japonica'' is one of the few plants known to contain fallacinol.Fallacinol occurs in many species of the Teloschistaceae, a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi.",
"Historically, the substance was most associated with ''Caloplaca'', ''Teloschistes'', and ''Xanthoria'', but these genera have since been subdivided into many smaller, monophyletic genera.",
"The cultivated mycobiont of ''Xanthoria fallax'', grown in isolation from its green algal , does not produce fallacinol.Fallacinol is also a common secondary metabolite in the lichen genus ''Teloschistes'', typically occurring in smaller amounts alongside parietin and other related compounds like fallacinal and emodin.",
"In 1970, Johan Santesson proposed a possible biogenetic relationship between the anthraqunone compounds commonly found in ''Caloplaca''.",
"According to this scheme, emodin is methylated to give parietin, which then undergoes three successive oxidations, sequentially forming fallacinol, fallacinal, and then parietinic acid.",
"A chemosyndrome is set of lichen products produced by a species, which typically includes one or more major compounds and a set of biosynthetically related minor compounds.",
"In 2002, Ulrik Søchting and Patrik Frödén identified chemosyndrome A, the most common chemosyndrome in the genus ''Teloschistes'' and in the entire family Teloschistaceae, which features parietin as the main substance with smaller proportions of fallacinol, fallacinal, parietinic acid, and emodin.Fallacinol has additionally been reported from the bushy shrub plant ''Senna didymobotrya'', widespread in eastern and central Africa, as well as from ''Reynoutria japonica'', a plant in the knotweed family.",
"The substance has also been isolated from a culture of the marine sponge-associated fungus ''Talaromyces stipitatus''.",
"It has also been isolated from ''Dermocybe'' mushrooms, and detected chromatographically in extracts from several ''Cortinarius'' species."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Sylvan Ebigwei"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Sylvan Ebigwei''' (8 January 19433 November 2023) was a Nigerian medical doctor and dental surgeon.Ebigwei was also known as “Mr.",
"Chess” because of his role in the development of the Chess sport in Nigeria and across Africa.",
"He was involved in the formation of the Nigerian Chess Federation and was a founding member of the African Chess Federation."
],
[
"Early life and education",
"Ebigwei was born in Jos, Plateau State.",
"Tragically, he lost his mother when he was only eight months old, prompting his father to relocate with him to Okpanam, Delta State.",
"There, he commenced his education at Saint Michael's Catholic School.",
"He later went to Saint Patrick's College, Asaba, in 1960, where he undertook his West African School Certification Examination (WAEC) and Higher School Certificate (HSC).In 1969, Ebigwei gained admission to the University of Lagos Medical School at Idi-Araba, where he embarked on his medical studies, culminating in his graduation in 1974.Following this, he pursued post-graduate training in General Dental Practice at the National Post Graduate Medical College, Ijaniki, obtaining his fellowship."
],
[
"Career",
"=== Medical ===During his medical training, Ebigwei met Evelyn Oba, whom he later married.",
"Together, they raised four children and established a dental practice named ''EVOLIS'', a combination of both their names.",
"Ebigwei acquired expertise in Dental Implantology, Crown & Bridge Prosthesis from the University of Florida and the Academy of General Dentistry, Orlando.Ebigwei was a member of Nigeria Dental Association, the Guild of Medical Practitioners of Nigeria, and the National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria.=== Chess sport ===Ebigwei's passion for the Chess game led to his significant contributions to the growth and popularization of chess in Nigeria and across Africa.In 1975, Ebigwei, alongside Grand Master Raymond King (OBE) of England, spearheaded the formation of the Nigerian Chess Federation, with Ebigwei assuming the role of the first organizing secretary and Pius Okigbo as president.Ebigwei served as the inaugural chairman of the Nigerian Chess Association (NCF) and subsequently ascended to the presidency of the Nigerian Chess Federation in 1977.He initiated the establishment of the Commonwealth Chess Association.",
"During the World Chess Congress in Buenos Aires in 1978, he advocated for the admission of Libya into the World Chess Federation.=== Politics ===Ebigwei was instrumental in the establishment of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) of Nigeria.",
"Additionally, he once served as the Vice President of Ohanaeze Ndigbo, an Igbo socio-cultural organization in Nigeria.",
"Similarly, he held leadership positions in ''Aka Ikenga'', Lagos, an Igbo think-tank, serving as president and later rising to the position of Vice President General.He was also adorned with the esteemed position of ''Iyase'' (Prime Minister) in his hometown."
],
[
"Awards",
"* 2023 - \"Nigerian Patriotic Award\" by the Ambassadors for Peace and Enlightenment Foundation, (AMPEF), a human rights organization."
],
[
"Death",
"Dr Ebigwei's life journey came to a close on November 3, 2023.He is survived by his children Chichi Spruel, Sylvia Oba, Awele Omeda and Joshua Ebigwei."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Paraguay men's national under-15 football team"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Paraguay national under-15 football team''', also known as '''Paraguay Sub-15''', represents Paraguay in association football, at an under-15 age level and is controlled by the Paraguayan Football Association, the governing body for football in Paraguay."
],
[
"Titles",
"*'''South American U-15 Championship'''**'''Winners (2):''' 2004, 2009"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Ancient Armenian poetry"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Gregory of Narek, miniature from The Book of Lamentations, 1173'''''Ancient Armenian Poetry:''''' a collection of works by Armenian poets who lived from the 5th to the 18th centuries.",
"The rich tradition of oral literature preceded written poetry.",
"Alongside ancient Armenian historiography and translated literature, poetry constituted a significant part of ancient Armenian literature.The earliest examples of ancient Armenian poetry were religious; the first collection of spiritual verses was compiled in the 7th century.",
"It was precisely then that secular poetry began.",
"The oldest surviving poem in the Armenian language dates back to the 7th century.Grigor Narekatsi and Nerses IV the Gracious are considered the most influential poets who created before the 17th century.",
"The literature of the 12th to 17th centuries represents the transition of Armenian civilization from the classical era to the contemporary.",
"From the 13th century, a period of flourishing love poetry begins, and the theme of emigration is touched upon for the first time in verse.",
"Epic poems appeared in the 15th-16th centuries.",
"In the 17th and 18th centuries, the most popular was ashough poetry.The works of Armenian poets were first published in 1513 in Venice.",
"Ancient Armenian poetry was characterized by the use of accented rhyme."
],
[
"General Characteristics",
"Ancient Armenian poetry has undergone centuries of evolution.",
"Written and oral folklore reflect the unified course of development of ancient Armenian literature.",
"Although they developed differently, they were still interconnected.",
"Secular oral poetry, for example, permeated various genres of written literature.",
"According to the literary scholar Manuk Abegyan, ancient Armenian literature did not have a distinction between artistic and scientific-popular genres.",
"\"Poetic and non-poetic formed an undifferentiated whole.\"",
"In the spiritual lyrics of the early period, the influence of the Holy Scriptures, theology, and exegesis is noticeably present։Stepanos Orbelyan's'' ''poem \"Lamentation at the door of the Holy Catholic Monastery\" in 1304, Doni Nakhichevan, 1790''Pre-Christian Armenian poetry has been poorly preserved.",
"In its edited form, it has been cited by historians as historical sources.",
"Christian poets ignored the ancient oral heritage; their main sources of inspiration were faith and the Bible.",
"In this regard, early Armenian poetry is almost entirely spiritual.",
"The entirety of that lyric expresses only religious feelings in its form.",
"Although early spiritual poetry was modeled on biblical Hebrew lyric poetry, it was most influenced by Greek spiritual poetry.",
"The extent of that effect, however, has not been definitively determined.",
"The works of Grigor Narekatsi mark a significant milestone in the history of medieval Armenian lyric poetry, encapsulating the achievements of preceding centuries with its humanistic ideas in the early 10th-11th centuries.",
"Poetry gradually underwent changes, with secular themes coming to dominate it.",
"In the history of ancient Armenian literature, a new era began, which was called \"literary revival\".",
"The turning point came in the first half of the 11th century when poetry underwent a radical transformation in both content and form, with its themes becoming richer.",
"According to Abegyan, we refer to that period of transformation in Armenian literature as the \"Renaissance\" because during this time, contrary to religious and church ideology, secular spirit and the worldview of pagan centuries were \"revived.\"",
"This is also because Armenian literature of that period shares characteristics similar to the European Renaissance.",
"Mainly, it is the literature of the citizens of Armenia.",
"However, the onset of the Seljuk invasions significantly hindered the development of poetry.From the 12th century, starting with Hovhannes Imastaser, poets praised nature, life's challenges, and love for the homeland.",
"Poetic forms transformed, abandoning artificiality, remnants of antiquity, and elevated style, with simplicity and naturalness of thought becoming dominant.",
"Simultaneously, literature emerged in Classical Old Armenian and Middle Armenian languages.",
"According to Abegyan, true lyricism first appeared in the works of Nerses IV the Gracious, a contemporary of Imastaser (lover of knowledge).",
"From the last quarter of the 13th century to the following three centuries, several lyrical genres emerged and evolved.",
"It is considered that during this period, Armenian poetry finally freed itself from religious constraints.Philosophical and didactic poetry continued to develop, and under the influence of preceding mystical poetry, love lyrics emerged.",
"The theme of the turmoil of life took a new direction, touched upon by almost all Armenian poets of that era.",
"According to Abegyan, Persian classical poetry had a significant impact on the lyrical poetry of that time, contributing, alongside internal circumstances, to a radical transformation of national poetry.",
"Although there were various borrowings, especially in terms of form, Armenian poets of the 13th-14th centuries followed their own path.",
"According to Valery Bryusov, Armenians participated in the development of the so-called \"Eastern\" poetic style, along with other ethnicities of Central Asia.",
"Bryusov noted, \"The historical mission of the Armenian people, which was predetermined throughout its development, was to seek and achieve a synthesis of the East and the West.",
"And this aspiration was expressed most of all in the artistic creativity of Armenia, in its literature, in its poetry\"."
],
[
"Poetic Genres",
"''Hovhannes Pluz Yerznkatsi'' In ancient Armenian literature, a poetic work was commonly referred to as \"tag.\"",
"It was synonymous with poetic expression, as explicitly indicated by Hovhan Vorotnetsi in the 14th century.",
"The definition of the term \"tag\" was provided by several medieval grammarians.",
"The word was first recorded in the second half of the 5th century in the Armenian translation of Dionysius Thrax's \"Art of Grammar\".",
"The initial explanation was given in the glossary attached to this translation in the same century.",
"\"A tag is that which is written in measure,\" as Stepanos Syunetsi wrote in the 8th century, emphasizing that the square's dimensions might be disrupted due to neglect of the norms of proper reading.",
"In the 13th century, Vardan Metz spoke of a poem as a vocal composition, highlighting the main condition for its perfection: harmony between words, melody, meaning, and measure.",
"His contemporary poet and scholar, ''Hovhannes Pluz Yerznkatsi'', attempted to generalize the theoretical views of his predecessors, refining and supplementing them.",
"Definitions of this concept were also provided by David of Zeitoon and Simeon Jugayetsi in the 16th-17th centuries.",
"Based on the peculiarity of rhythm, David Kerakan in the 5th-6th centuries wrote about two types of rhyme, while Arakel Syunetsi, the author of border stanzas in the 14th-15th centuries, mentioned around four.Since the early Middle Ages, the official genre of spiritual poetry has been the \"sharakan\".",
"During the 5th-15th centuries, the genre underwent significant internal transformations.",
"The sharakan, therefore, is not a single and homogeneous genre, but a chrestomathy of medieval Armenian poetry.Varag Nersisyan identified six main genres of poetry for literature from the X-XVIII centuries: praise, eulogy, admonition, lament, plea, and complaint.",
"Praise is a lyrical work characterized by a laudatory plot, intended to showcase the positive qualities of a particular person or phenomenon.",
"It incorporates elements of both hymn and ode.",
"Praises are divided into three types: religious ones dedicated to saints, churches, the cross, etc.",
"; national themes dedicated to Armenian historical figures, language, etc.",
"; and purely secular praises dedicated to love, female beauty, etc.",
"Most of them are written as acrostics.",
"The opposite of praise was \"parsav\" (reproach), but their number is relatively small compared to the former.",
"Dealing with moral issues, Parsav condemns evil, debauchery, and the like from certain moral positions.Another poetic genre is \"harat,\" which emerged in the 12th century.",
"From the perspective of medieval religious and secular ideas, authors of treatises addressed various moral themes.",
"Possibly, these were instructions that were later incorporated into choir compositions.One of the most popular genres is lament.",
"It had both purely lyrical and various epic-lyrical manifestations.",
"Supplication (prayer) was a relatively rare genre.",
"Its main distinguishing feature is a prayer to God or the Virgin Mary for the salvation of the soul.",
"Such works reflect the aspirations of medieval people towards the salvation of the soul, questions of moral purity, etc.",
"Some petitions were created in a pan-Armenian context.In the 15th century, Arakel Bagisezi writes: \"Free the Armenians from the sufferings caused by evil nations.",
"God is merciful.\"",
"Gangat (complaint) is also highlighted as a separate genre.",
"It is characterized by a spirit of complaint, a moderate mood of sadness arising from the lyrical hero's disagreement with the situation.",
"Complaints are conventionally divided into three types: public-political, socio-disciplinary, and love-related.Sergio La Porta also identified the genre of poetic discussion.",
"He considered the genre's main distinctive features to be a three-part structure, insignificance of narrative elements, lifelessness of the main characters, and an argument about the superiority of one interlocutor over the others.",
"P. Coue wrote about the genre of mirth: verses about joy and feasting.",
"Asmik Simonyan considered \"kafu\" as a separate genre.",
"According to her calculations, around 5000 lines of such poems have been preserved.",
"\"Kaphi\" refers to poetic interjections in translated and original prose novels.",
"Since the 16th century, they have been imitated separately in poetic anthologies.",
"Like ancient Russian literature, some poetic works are not clearly differentiated by genre and, at the same time, carry traits of different genres."
],
[
"''Rhyme and measure in ancient Armenian poetry''",
"History of Armenia\" by Movses Khorenatsi, published in 1695, Amsterdam''Early works of Armenian poetry were not rhymed; rhyme emerged in Armenia in the 11th century.",
"According to Manuk Abegyan, it was already in use in the 10th century and was adopted into Armenian culture from Arabic poetry.",
"P.E.",
"According to Sharafkhanyan, early poetic samples contain repetitions that can be considered the beginning of rhyming.",
"For example, in the pre-Christian song \"Birth of the Shield\" by Movses Khorenatsi: (Sky—sky, sky—earth, sky and sea—apricot, khur hers).",
"Lexical repetitions are found in several early spiritual songs and hymns.",
"Rhyme appears in the last lines of \"Ohb...\" by Davtak Kertogh (7th century).",
"Both this poem and its contemporary, \"Consecrated Souls\" by Komitas Aghtsetsi, are written in acrostic form, where each stanza begins alternately with each of the 36 letters of the Armenian alphabet.Grigor Narekatsi first wrote about rhyme as a literary phenomenon in the year 1003.",
"\"I am one of those whose life is cruel, whose tears flow like a fountain, and who turns a sigh into a word with the monotonous ending of song lines.\"",
"In 1045, Grigor Magistros's poem \"A Thousand Lines of Manuk\" was entirely written in rhyme.",
"After the 12th century, non-rhymed poetic works are extremely rare.Sharafkhanyan divided rhyme in ancient Armenian lyrics into two types: monosyllabic rhyme and polysyllabic rhyme.",
"The first type is more characteristic of the early period, although it continued to be used by some poets until the 17th century.",
"Among them are \"Lament at the Door of the Holy Catholic Church\" by Stepanos Orbelyan, several poems by Khachatur Kecharetsi, a significant portion of Frik's poems, and works by Konstantin Erznkatsi.",
"Arakel Syunetsi, Mkrtich Nagash, Hovannes Tlkurantsi, Grigoris Akhtamartsi, Martiros Khrimetsi, and Nerses Mokatsi also created monophonic works.",
"Ending all lines with the same rhyme was considered the epitome of perfection in the Middle Ages, but in extensive works, this style created a certain monotony.",
"This approach was criticized in 1151 by Nerses Shnorhali in the poem \"Word of Faith\".",
"According to Gevorg Emin, Shnorhali was the \"first of medieval poets to master the art of rhyme\".",
"His student Grigor Tgha, who excelled in poetic form, created verses with double, cross, and circular rhyme.",
"From this period, a tendency towards the gradual development of polysyllabic rhyme can be observed.",
"Its expressions were extremely diverse.",
"In the 12th-14th centuries, the art of rhyme reached significant development.",
"The majority of folk poetry was also syllabic and rhymed.If early spiritual hymns were characterized by limited lyrical dimensions, the hymns of developed feudalism stood out for their greater diversity.",
"One of the main poetic forms of early medieval hymns was the complex tetrameter iambic quatrain.",
"In the same period, the tetrameter anapest gained significance.",
"An example of this is the work of Komitas Aghtetsi.",
"Grigor Narekatsi and Grigor Magistros, who lived in the 10th-11th centuries, already employed secular dimensions.",
"Narekatsi wrote several chapters of his poem in \"native dimensions\".",
"Nerses Shnorhali made a significant contribution to the development of Armenian calligraphy in the 12th century.",
"Some calligraphic forms he developed even transitioned into modern Armenian literature.",
"Quatrains were most common in works with a strophic structure.",
"Armenian grammarians from the 5th to the 17th centuries, such as Movses Kertogh, David Kerakan, Vardan Mets, Esai Nseci, and Simeon Jugaeci, delved into theoretical questions of rhyme, syllabic writing, and rhyming."
],
[
"Folklore",
"=== Pre-Christian Era ===''Artashes and Satenik, artist: Josef Rotter''The roots of Armenian folklore trace back to the era of the formation of the Armenian ethnicity.",
"After the emergence of written literature in the early 5th century, folklore became one of its main and important components.",
"Continuing to evolve even after the advent of literacy, it significantly influenced the artistic literature of the late Middle Ages.",
"Various genres of folklore (riddles, fables, songs, legends) enriched literature.",
"James Russell noted that Armenian writers of the 5th century drew on rich oral literary traditions, including lyrical poetry and music.",
"Samples of ancient and medieval Armenian folklore have been preserved in written monuments, often in complex forms.",
"Poetic monuments in prose or poetic form have been preserved in the works of ancient Armenian historians of the 5th-8th centuries, such as Movses Khorenatsi, Faustus Byzantium, Agathangelos, Sebeos, and Hovanes Mamikonian.Pre-Christian poetry is divided into two categories: mythic narratives and mythological-historical plots.",
"The latter emerged in the 7th-2nd centuries BCE.",
"According to Elizabeth Redgate, while the religious life of early medieval Armenian nobility had much in common with Byzantium and Germanic Europe, their secular life resembled ancient Iranian and Germanic nobility.",
"The traditions of minstrels, storytellers, and oral poetry were so ingrained in Armenia that they infiltrated monasteries, similar to Iranian and Germanic culture.",
"Kings and generals wanted their deeds to be written in verses.",
"Singer-storytellers were often members of the royal court and went to war to describe heroic exploits.",
"Among the poetic-song examples of folklore were folk tales, novellas, ritual, and lyrical songs.",
"The oldest Armenian legends and myths included stories and songs about Hayk, Aram, Ara the Handsome, Tork Angegh, Artavasdes, Vahagn, Tigran and Azhdahak, Ervand and Ervaz.",
"Some of them encompass various cultural and historical layers.",
"According to James Russell, the song \"Birth of the Shield,\" written by Khorenatsi, contains features of a pre-Indo-European past and resembles an episode from Vedic literature.",
"The worship of the Tree of Life, praised in medieval Armenian songs, likely traces back to Urartian customs.",
"\"The Birth of Vahagn,\" the oldest Armenian poem that has come down to us, narrates the birth of the god of thunder Vahagn.",
"Legends about Tigran and Azhdahak recount events from the 2nd-1st centuries BCE, introducing the image of the first woman.",
"According to Robert Thomson, the few surviving examples of pre-literary culture reflect the real interests and preferences of ancient Armenia.From written sources, it is clear that throughout the Middle Ages, the church condemned the minstrel tradition.",
"In the late 5th century, Catholicos John Mandakuni wrote about the insanely drunk minstrels who indulged in debauchery.",
"The condemnatory attitude towards minstrels was reflected in the decisions of the Fourth Council of Dvin in 645.According to Elizabeth Redgate, the content of the oral tradition posed a threat to the church.",
"Minstrels preserved stories about pagan gods and ancestors, thereby preventing potential Christianization of the land.",
"The church's critical attitude towards minstrel art persisted for a long time.",
"In the \"Judgment Book\" of 1184, Mkhitar Gosh noted that it is \"frightening for a Christian to hear, let alone see\".",
"At the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries, Matteos Jughaeci warned: \"Do not go to the minstrels, they tell tales of Hayk and nurture the spirit of disobedience\".=== After Christianization ===See also David of Sassoun''David of Sassoun, artist: Hakob Kojoyan''The ancient Armenian Christian epic \"Persian War\" was created in the 3rd-5th centuries.",
"It narrates the struggle of Armenia against the Sasanian Iran.",
"Parts of it have come down to us through the works of early medieval Armenian historians, most fully in the works of Agathangelos and Faustus Byzantium.",
"The next epic is the \"Taron War,\" fragments of which were preserved by the historians of the 7th-8th centuries, Hovhannes Mamikonian and Sebeos.",
"Among other things, they include epic songs and narrate events from the 5th century.",
"In the 7th-10th centuries, the poetic epic \"David of Sassoun\" was created as an expression of social and religious protest against Arab rule.",
"In the \"third branch\" of the epic, David appears not only as a warrior but also as a singer and poet.",
"Although its origin dates back to the pre-Christian era, the most significant influence on the final formation of the epic came from the anti-Arab uprisings of 749 and 851.According to Kamilla Trever, there are some echoes of the pre-Christian deity Mithra-Mihr in the epic.",
"The earliest written mention of it dates back to the 16th century.",
"It was first published by Garegin Srvandztians in 1874.Sentimental folk songs date back to approximately the 13th-14th centuries and peaked in the 17th-18th centuries.",
"The folk song \"Song of Levon\" about the liberation of Cilician prince Levon from captivity in 1268 has survived, and the song \"Wild Bird\" also belongs to the same period.Writers not only quoted in their works but also drew from folklore sources.",
"According to Theo van Lint, poets began utilizing folklore materials from the 10th century.",
"Borrowings from folk-poetic works can be found around Nerses Shnorhali in the mid-12th century.",
"Based on folk folklore, he composed poetic riddles.",
"Hovhannes Pluz Erznkatsi occasionally relied on folklore.",
"Martiros of Crimea and Naghash Hovnatan, among poets of the early modern era, used folklore plots.",
"Folk poetry was a significant feature of the literature of the 16th-17th centuries, and it was also developed and utilized by synagogues.",
"In 1620, Khachatur Kafetsi compiled the first collection of folk songs, including about 20 texts.",
"He divided them into high, medium, and low styles.",
"However, it is unknown whether this was an accepted classification or his own.",
"There are examples of the interpenetration of folk and didactic literature for pedagogical purposes."
],
[
"Poetry of the 5th-9th Centuries",
"Komitas Aghtsetsi's poem \"Souls Sacrificed by Themselves\" from 618, Amsterdam, 1698''Spiritual song performed during religious ceremonies was one of the tools for spreading the Christian religion.",
"The earliest works of this genre were primarily translations of Greek hymns.",
"They stimulated the creation of original texts.",
"The most common type of Armenian religious hymns is hymns, the oldest examples of which are attributed to Sahak the Parthian, Mesrop Mashtots, and Hovhannes Mandakuni, who lived in the 5th century.",
"About 80 works of Stepanos Syunetsi I have also come down to us, who was probably one of Mashtots's younger disciples.",
"There are many \"testimonies\" of authors of medieval hymns, the oldest of which dates back to the 13th century.",
"The history of the hymn is usually divided into two periods: the 5th-10th centuries and the 10th-15th centuries.",
"Initially, they were called \"chords\", and the term \"hymn\" became known from the 12th century.",
"The first poems presented biblical plots created on the model of ancient Jewish religious literature.",
"Chords are similar to Greek troparia and Syriac madrasas.",
"From the very beginning of the genre's inception, alongside universal Christian ideas, they discussed the most important events of national life.",
"For example, in Mandakuni's hymns, the founders of the Armenian church and national faith, Grigor Lusavorich, Sahak the Parthian, and Mesrop Mashtots, are glorified.",
"The latter, according to Mandakuni, like Moses, \"brought to Armenian land the memorable tablet of commandments\".",
"In the 7th century, Barsegh Chun compiled the first collection of unique spiritual hymns.",
"During this time, the first layman lived, whose spiritual poetry was officially recognized and included in the \"Sharaknots,\" Prince Ashot Bagratuni, who ruled Armenia in 685-689.In the 7th-8th centuries, Armenian spiritual hymn entered a new stage of development, characterized by deepening the national essence of the genre, enriching content, and perfecting expressive means.",
"One of the best works of that era is the acrostic by Komitas Aghtsetsi \"Souls Given by Themselves\".",
"In the 8th century, Stepanos Syunetsi carried out a new regulation of spiritual hymns, and the canonical genre emerged.",
"In his essay \"Interpretation of Grammar,\" he wrote that grammar is based on literature, and poetic works are guided by the latter during creation.",
"During this time, Sahak Dzoroporetsi and Hovhannes Odznetsi enriched spiritual hymnody with their works.",
"There are also women among the poets of the 8th century: Khosrovidukht and Sahakadukht.",
"The latter also composed music for her works.",
"Saհakadukht is the .",
"Until the 10th century, most hymns were written in the form of ordinary verses, without meter and rhyme, but they were rhythmic and suitable for singing.",
"The song genre continued to exist until the 14th century.Sharakans were one of the important components of the ideology of the Armenian Church, reflecting its official doctrine.",
"According to Suren Zolyan, a hymn \"is not only a poetic genre but also a propagandistic and ideological genre\".",
"They also pursued didactic and moral purposes.",
"After the Council of Chalcedon in 451 AD, the Armenian Church, having separated, became more of a carrier of national-political ideas, following its own official line and ignoring changes occurring in the rest of the Christian world.",
"In its teaching, it relied on early Christianity, which was closer to Mediterranean culture.",
"The conservatism of hymns allowed preserving elements of early medieval East Mediterranean Christian civilization.",
"The leading role in Armenian hymns was played not by ordinary Christians but by national saints.",
"Through the biblical model of struggle and death for faith, religious poets expressed the worldview of the heroes of national history.",
"Hymns, in general, are characterized by the unity of metaphor and history.",
"Being spiritual poetry, most of the characters represented in them come from the Bible and the Gospels.",
"The poetics of hymns are determined by their internal evolution over millennia, with strict adherence to established rules.=== Komitas I Aghtsetsi ===Main article: Komitas A. AghtetsiBiographical information about Komitas is scarce.",
"He served as the Catholicos from 616 to 628 and initiated the construction of Saint Rhipsime church.",
"Komitas Aghtsetsi is the author of the spiritual hymn \"Souls Sacrificed by Themselves\".",
"This extensive lyrical poem, written around 618, is the oldest surviving Armenian poem.",
"\"Souls Sacrificed by Themselves\" is presented in the form of an acrostic and consists of 36 stanzas, each beginning with the correct letter of the Armenian alphabet.",
"It preserves the rules of ancient metrics, where each line consists of three four-syllable feet.",
"Unlike previous hymns, its theme is drawn not from the Bible but from Armenian history.",
"Komitas' source is the historical sketch by Agathangelos.",
"The plot unfolds at the end of the 3rd century, when, according to tradition, Saint Rhipsime and her companions were martyred for the Christianization of Armenia.",
"Aghtsetsi was an innovator, elevating spiritual lyricism to a new level and contributing to its further development.",
"Komitas created characters and metaphors.",
"The poem is characterized by festive and joyful solemnity.",
"Many later authors followed his artistic principles.",
"According to \"The Heritage of Armenian Literature.",
"Authors of the Book 'From the Sixth to the Eighteenth Century',\" \"The exceptional poetry and lyricism of this sharakan opened a new era in Armenian spiritual literature\"."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"List of ambassadors of Austria to Argentina"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The following is a list of Austrian ambassadors in Argentina.",
"The seat of the embassy is the Austrian Embassy in Buenos Aires."
],
[
"History",
"The official area includes the countries of Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay.",
"Austria has had diplomatic relations with Argentina since 15 December 1872."
],
[
"Ambassadors",
" Name Image Term Start Term End Notes Hugo Rhemen von Barensfeld 1904 Otto von Hoenning O'Carrol 1911 1918 Miloslav Kobr 1912 1918 Consul General Alfons Knaffl-Lenz 1928 1931 Otto Günther 1948 1950 Stephan Tauschitz 1950 1954 Max Löwenthal-Chlumecky 1954 1955 Meinrad Falser 1956 1958 Wolfgang Höller 1958 1964 Hans J. Mathé 1983 Ambassador to Peru from 1968 to 1969 Albert Rohan Albert Rohan 1985 1989 Secretary General of the Austrian Ministry from 1996 to 2001 Gerhard Heible 1990 Wolfgang Kriechbaum 1994 Ambassador to Portugal from 2000 to 2004 Yuri Standenat 1999 Gudrun Graf Gudrun Graf 2004 Robert Zischg 2010 2013 Karin Proidl 2013 2017 Christoph Meran 2017 2021 Andreas Melán Andreas Melán 2021 Present Ambassador to Peru and Ethiopia"
],
[
"See also",
"*Lists of ambassadors of Austria"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"See also",
"*Argentina-Austria relations*Foreign relations of Austria"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Fruju"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Fruju''' is a New Zealand ice block brand manufactured by Tip Top.",
"It stands for \"fruit-juice\"."
],
[
"History",
"Fruju was started in the 1980s by Tip Top.",
"The three following decades had television advertisements featuring the phrases \"It's gonna hit ya\" and \"Ooh Aah\".In 1978 Fruju was mainly consumed by teenagers and young adults.",
"To make the brand appealing to adults, the brand encouraged its staff to dip Frujus in gin.The Pulp Fusion flavour was discontinued in the 2000s.",
"In the summer of 2017 Tip Top partnered with Coca-Cola to create a Lemon & Paeroa flavour.",
"In 2022 Fruju released the Mango Fruju.",
"Due to limited freezer space, the Orange Rush flavour became unavailable on its own in shops except for supermarket multipacks.",
"The discontinued flavour Tropical Snow has been brought back as a limited edition in 2014, 2017 and 2020.In late 2022 the Grapefruit & Lemon Fruju was discontinued.",
"It was brought back in 2024 for a limited time."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Santa Evita (TV series)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Santa Evita''' is an Argentine drama streaming television based on the homonym novel written in 1995 by Tomás Eloy Martínez.It was distributed Star+ in Latin America and by Hulu in United States and Europe.",
"The series follows the last days of the life of Eva Perón, the disappeared embalmed corpse and the military dictatorship tryng to stop the cult around her figure.",
"It was released on 26 July 2023.The cast is composed by Natalia Oreiro, Ernesto Alterio, Darío Grandinetti and Francesc Orella.On Rotten Tomatoes, the miniseries has a Fresh rating of 100%, based on 7 critics reviews."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Igai (deity)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Igai''' was a lesser deity associated with the oases of Egypt's Western Desert, bearing the title “the Lord of the Oasis.” Igai is portrayed in human form, with two ''was''-sceptres that spell out his name on his head."
],
[
"Worship",
"Igai is mentioned in Egyptian sources as early as the Third Dynasty, and was an important god in Dakhleh Oasis during the Old Kingdom.",
"The Middle Kingdom was the golden age of the cult of Igai, providing the great majority of attestations.",
"From the Middle Kingdom onwards, the main urban centre devoted to the cult of the god in the New Valley was the 19th Nome of Upper Egypt.There are few artefacts documenting the cult of Igai; outside the oases, the name of ''Igai'' is written in a graffito from the funerary temple of Niuserre (Fifth Dynasty) at Abusir.Set and Igai are the only deities identified with the epithet ‘Lord of the Oasis’."
],
[
"Other associations",
"The dinosaur ''Igai semkhu'' (\"Forgotten Lord of the Oasis\") is named after Igai; it was discovered in the part of the Egyptian desert now known as the Kharga Oasis, and belongs to the Campanian age of the Late Cretaceous period."
],
[
"See also",
"* Ha (deity)"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* Henry George Fischer: ''A God and a General of the Oasis on a Stela of the Late Middle Kingdom.''",
"In: ''Journal of Near Eastern Studies'' Band 16, Nr.",
"4, 1957, S. 230–235."
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Internacional F.C. de Palmira"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Internacional Fútbol Club de Palmira''' is a Colombian professional football team based in Palmira, Valle del Cauca.",
"It was founded on 10 January 2024 and plays in Categoría Primera B, the second-tier competition of Colombian football."
],
[
"History",
"Internacional F.C.",
"was founded by the Martán family after rebranding the club Cortuluá and relocating it to Palmira, Valle del Cauca Department ahead of the 2024 season.Cortuluá, which had been based in Tuluá, Valle del Cauca, started moving out of its hometown after their relegation from Categoría Primera A at the end of the 2022 season, citing the lack of financial support from successive local administrations.",
"The club first moved to Yumbo, Valle del Cauca, where it played its matches in the 2023 Primera B tournament.",
"Cortuluá originally planned to rebrand to ''Yumbo Industriales F.C.''",
"within six months, but this proposed change did not materialize.At the end of 2023 Cortuluá requested another change of home stadium, planning to move to Palmira.",
"The request was approved by DIMAYOR on 12 December 2023.The club was ultimately rebranded as ''Internacional F.C.",
"de Palmira'' on 10 January 2024."
],
[
"Stadium",
"Internacional F.C.",
"play their home matches at Estadio Francisco Rivera Escobar in Palmira, which has a capacity of 15,300 people.",
"It is shared with Orsomarso, who also play their home matches at this stadium."
],
[
"Players",
"===First-team squad==="
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Roman Catholic Diocese of Rawson"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Roman Catholic Diocese of Rawson''' is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church located in the city of Trelew in the province of Chubut in southern Argentina."
],
[
"History",
"The diocese was created by Pope Francis on October 19, 2023, from territories of the Diocese of Comodoro Rivadavia and made Roberto Álvarez its first bishop.",
"It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Bahía Blanca.",
"With the erection of this diocese, every Argentine province now has a diocese in its political capital.",
"The founding of this diocese has attracted attention and support from local officials."
],
[
"See also",
"*Catholic Church in Argentina"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/draws.html*https://gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/raws0.htm"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Anbar Majeed Khan Niazi"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Anbar Majeed Khan Niazi''' (), is a Pakistani politician who is member-elect of the National Assembly of Pakistan."
],
[
"Political career",
"Niazi won the 2024 Pakistani general election from NA-181 Layyah-I as an Independent candidate.",
"She received 120,499 votes while runner up Sahibzada Faizul Hassan of Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML (N))received 95,081 votes."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Eastbank Hospital"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Eastbank Hospital''' was a health facility in Kirkwall, capital of the Orkney Islands.",
"The hospital was managed by NHS Scotland until its closure in March 2000."
],
[
"History",
"Eastbank Hospital opened in 1937, in a Georgian style house on East Road, East Kirkwall.",
"The house, known as Eastbank House, was purchased by Mr. Ferguson who converted it into an infectious diseases hospital, to replace the former Scapa Infectious Diseases Hospital at Scapa.",
"Over time, the hospital had to adapt to meet the needs of patients who were recovering from alcoholism, had mental illnesses, or elderly patients who suffered from dementia.",
"As the amount of patients at Eastbank increased, the hospital was extended rapidly in the 1960s in order to accommodate them.In December 1977, Eastbank House was listed as a category C listed building by Historic Scotland."
],
[
"Closure",
"In March 2000, the Macmillan House ward was moved to the larger Balfour Hospital in South Kirkwall, which made Eastbank Hospital redundant, and a decision was taken by NHS Scotland to shut Eastbank Hospital that same year, despite protests about the facility's closure and the moving of patients to Balfour Hospital.",
"After the closure of the hospital, several of the buildings were sold off and became housing.",
"Eastbank House became a hostel, and the 1960s developments became a Christian Growth Centre and youth centre for East Kirkwall, known as The Life Centre."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Secretary of State (Ancient Regime in Spain)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Secretary of State''' or '''Secretary of State and of the Office''' was the title given in Spain to the King's ministers during the Ancient Regime of Spain, between the 17th century and the mid-19th century, when it was definitively replaced by the term \"minister\".",
"It should be clarified that the Secretaries of State and of the Office of State, i.e.",
"the heads of the Secretariat in charge of foreign affairs, were commonly known as Secretaries of State and, although they had the same rank as the other Secretaries of the Office, the Secretary of State assumed the leading role, presiding over the meetings of the ministers and attending to the most important matters.Their origins lie in the secretaries of the 16th century Council of State, but with the reforms of Philip V, the polysynodial configuration of the Councils declined (with the exception of the Council of Castile), and it was the Secretary of State and of the Office that became the most important institution in the governmental structure, established for specific matters from 1714 onwards."
],
[
"Origins of the royal secretaries in the Crown of Castile",
"The germ of the office of the King's secretary or royal secretary arose at the beginning of the 14th century when, in the Cortes of Valladolid in 1312, Fernando IV established four chamber scribes to countersign and sign the mandates and graces issued directly by the monarch, thus transferring this task from the chancellors and senior notaries.",
"With the establishment of the Trastámara dynasty in the middle of the 14th century, the first mentions of secretaries appear as the scribes who acted in the most private and personal sphere of the monarchs.",
"Thus, in the reign of Henry II, Miguel Ruiz and in the reign of Henry III, Juan Martínez del Castillo stand out.",
"During the reign of Henry III, institutional and diplomatic missions were added to the functions of the secretary, with Juan Rodríguez de Villaizán and Pedro Fernández de la Guardia standing out.",
"These officials were not ''pecheros'' and were generally chosen from among the middle and lower nobility.During the reign of John II, the main function of the secretaries was to dispatch all the documentation emanating from the king's chamber, which meant following the instructions of the king's will, ordering the documentation and preparing the documents, and once signed, being countersigned.",
"In addition, in the formula of the documents signed by Fernán Díaz de Toledo (in the service of John II between 1421 and 1457), his status as secretary already appears as such.",
"This formula continued with the royal secretaries of Henry IV."
],
[
"Secretaries of the Council of State in the origins of the polisinodial system",
"The victory of the Catholic Monarchs in the Civil War imposed the authority of monarchical power, so that the Royal Council of Castile, established in the Cortes of Valladolid (1385), was to be configured as an instrument of government and administration at the service of royal power as a result of the reforms undertaken in the Cortes of Toledo in 1480.This Royal Council would be in charge of advising on appointments and the granting of merits, of judicial tasks as the Court of Supreme Appeal of Castile and of supervising the government and administration of the kingdom.",
"Its work was organized in five chambers: international affairs, justice, affairs of the kingdoms of the Crown of Aragon, Affairs of the Brotherhood and the Treasury.With the complexity of the matters to be managed and the progressive increase of the dominions of the Monarchy, the distinction between the government of the Royal House and the territorial administration had to be clarified.",
"The monarchs created boards of advisors to advise the king on a specific area, which would be the origin of the Councils.",
"During the reigns of Charles I and Philip II, along with the Royal Council of Castile, councils were created to advise on territorial matters (Aragon, Navarre, Flanders, Portugal, the Indies, Italy) and to advise on specialized matters, such as the Council of Orders, the Crusade, the Treasury, the Inquisition, War and the Council of State.",
"Of this polysynodial system of Councils, the Council of State was created in 1521 and organized in 1526 as a supraterritorial body to advise the monarch with undefined competences on any subject of interest to the monarch, but normally foreign policy and serious problems that could affect the Monarchy fell within its knowledge.From the beginning of this system to the end of the 15th century, together with the members that formed part of each Council —the councilors— it was the king's private secretaries, at first without any jurisdiction or precise powers, who acquired the greatest influence in political and administrative decisions, since they were the ones who linked the king with the Councils.",
"They advised him and executed his will, also summarized the matter of the ''consultation'' elaborated by the council, wrote down the decision of the monarch and drafted the resolution for the council, and as they had the confidence of the monarch, they took decisions on their own account at the expense of the competences of the Council without consulting the lawyers who composed the Councils.",
"They also attended to the daily correspondence, prepared the documents with their orders and dispatched the petitions addressed to the king.",
"The number of royal secretaries was left to the sovereign's discretion, and in fact the ''Ordenamiento de Montalvo'' does not indicate anything about a limited number of secretaries, neither in the monarch's chamber nor in the council.",
"There was no hierarchy or distinction in the group of royal secretaries, either.",
"Nevertheless, a greater specialization was seen in certain secretaries by virtue of their attention to international politics: Juan de Coloma, Miguel Pérez de Almazán (1498–1514), Pedro de Quintana (1514–1517) or Pedro Ruiz de la Mota (1517–1522).",
"The Catholic Monarchs had six or seven secretaries, whose salaries were around one hundred thousand maravedies, although they accumulated more positions and perks —and other illegitimate incomes—, which made them accumulate real fortunes.",
"And they played a fundamental role in the organization of the Hispanic Monarchy.For its part, each Council had its own secretaries dependent on the Council itself and with powers limited to matters within the competence of the council, and therefore did not necessarily have to have direct access to the monarch or dispatch with him.",
"Therefore, the personal secretary of the king was the one who established the relationship between the king and the Councils.",
"This secretary of the Council prepared the agenda, the records of the sessions, prepared the material to be studied by the king and the matters to be discussed by the councilors of the council, drafted and made summaries of memorials to the councilors to be presented during the deliberations, and drafted the result of the deliberations of the council (the ''consultation)'', which was the ''document'' to be submitted to the king's decision.",
"But with the creation of the Council of State, presided over by the king himself, the secretary of the Council of State became directly dependent on the king and not on the council, thus acquiring a preponderant position over the councilors themselves.",
"This made the secretary of the Council of State, called Secretary of State, a privileged figure and key character of the Administration and the spring of power throughout the Monarchy, since they had continuous access to the king and to the secrets of the Monarchy.",
"This allowed the Secretary of State not only to limit themselves to executing the will of the king, but to enjoy the king's confidence to advise him and guide that will, without at any time being able to aspire to impose himself on the administrative authorities, since neither by birth nor by title could he claim such a thing, since they came from the urban patriciate."
],
[
"Apogee of the Council of State secretariat in the 16th century",
"During the reign of Charles I, after Juan Hannart, Viscount of Lombeck (1522–1524) and Jean Lallemand (Juan Alemán), Baron of Bouclans (1524–1528) occupied the secretarieships of the Council of State, Francisco de los Cobos (1529–1547) obtained the position, but in his position as private secretary to the king he accompanied him on his long stays outside Spain and so the dispatch of affairs in Spain had to be carried out by interims such as Juan Vázquez de Molina or Gonzalo Pérez.",
"After the death of Francisco de los Cobos in 1547, the secretariat of the Council of State remained vacant for a decade during which Juan Vázquez de Molina held the post on an interim basis, controlling the levers of the Administration during the regencies established by Carlos I.",
"With the abdication of Charles I in 1556, his son Philip II divided the secretariat of the Council of State: Juan Vázquez de Molina for the affairs of Spain in support of the regent Juana of Austria for the day-to-day management of the government, and Gonzalo Pérez for matters ''outside Spain''.Throughout 1558 the conflicts between the king's court established in Brussels and the regency established in Spain became more acute, which led to the decline of Vázquez de Molina's influence.",
"Before his return to Spain —which took place in August 1559—, the king prepared his trusted personnel to defend his interests in enforcing his orders in the government, and thus appointed Francisco de Eraso to act as interim secretary of the Council of State for Spain when Vázquez de Molina was ill and could not do so himself.",
"Vázquez de Molina accepted this situation and obtained the definitive license to retire in 1562, leaving Eraso in charge of the secretariat until his death in 1570.After the death of Gonzalo Pérez in 1566, his secretariat was occupied on an interim basis by Antonio Pérez and Gabriel de Zayas, and in 1567 Cardinal Diego de Espinosa, president of the Council of Castile, Inquisitor General and private of the king, remodeled the Council of State to strengthen the position of the ''learned'' to the detriment of the influence of the nobility, Zayas was appointed with the secretariat of the Council of State for the North (\"all the affairs of State concerning the said ''embaxadas'' of the Court of the Emperor and kingdoms of France and England, and those that may be offered concerning and dependent on those parts\"), and Perez with the secretariat of the Council of State for Italy (\"all the business of State that may be offered concerning everything in Italy, both to the ''embaxada'' of Rome and the other potentates and ministers and our ''embaxadores'' of it\").",
"This division was maintained until 1706.The defeat and death of the Portuguese king in the battle of Alcazarquivir in 1578, supposed the Spanish king to opt for the Portuguese throne, to press and to affirm his aspirations with a military campaign required to leave in Madrid trustworthy personnel to guarantee a stable government, and given that the attitude of the monarch towards Antonio Perez was of distrust, his fall was imminent.",
"In July 1579 he was arrested and in September Juan de Idiáquez y Olazábal was appointed secretary of the Council of State in the secretariat left by Zayas and also assumed at the same time the secretariat of Antonio Pérez.",
"However, the king disposed of the confidence in his personal secretary Mateo Vázquez de Leca to intermediate between the relationship between the monarch and the secretary of the Council of State, which relegated the secretary of State to secondary positions.The progressive deterioration of Philip II after 1585, led him to create a ''board'' to assist the monarch in the government of the Monarchy, examining consultations and correspondence issued by the various organs of the Monarchy and advising the king in their resolution, and in which Cristóbal de Moura will prefigure the figure of the valide by enjoying the confidence of the king to answer the ''consultations'' of the board or respond to royal orders.",
"The Council of State, being supreme, did not have to be supervised by this board and therefore confidential matters that could have been within its competence were taken away from it.",
"This meant that the secretary of the Council of State was limited to bureaucratic tasks and had no political influence over the king.",
"In this state of affairs, Juan de Idiáquez prepared the succession of the Secretary of the council to his relatives: Martín de Idiáquez e Isasi was responsible for northern affairs (Flanders, France and Germany), and Francisco de Idiáquez for Italian affairs.",
"The succession took place in the summer of 1587."
],
[
"Secretary of State and the Universal Office in the 17th century",
"The reign of Philip III brought an institutional transformation with the appearance of the valide, since the lack of dedication of the monarchs to the public affairs demanded the presence of a person that coordinated the governmental politics, that had the confidence of the monarch and the authority on the Councils, in the same way, the fall of the valide was produced by the loss of confidence of the king.",
"This position could not be held by a secretary because of his low social extraction, but by someone from the aristocracy, but not from the highest nobility, although they were exalted by the position.",
"As such, the valide exercised through a delegation of powers the intervention in political affairs, such as the resolution of ''consultations'' or supervision of the institutions, without being a mere transmitter of the orders of the monarch.",
"At the same time, the distancing of the monarchs from public affairs meant that their popularity remained intact while the responsibilities of the exercise of power fell on the valide, and therefore, in case of strong opposition, the monarch had the possibility of replacing him with another.Given that the Secretary of State had access to the secrets of the monarchy, the Valid avoided their competence and limited their influence by controlling the Council of State through his interference in the election of secretaries, as the example of Pedro Franqueza shows.",
"This allowed the Valide to control the council and at the same time, the office of the Secretary of State would be with the Valide instead of with the monarch, and the Valide would be the one to dispatch ''by word of mouth'' with the King the political matters in progress; in this way the Secretary of State was limited to bureaucratic tasks within the Council of State and to deliver and receive the already elaborated documents, while the Valide remained the only intermediary between the King and the rest of the institutions.",
"By means of the office ''by word of mouth'', the secretary elaborated opinions and summaries of the ''consultations'' issued by the council, transmitted to the monarch those matters that required a response, and then would put down on paper the communication to the persons and institutions affected by those decisions, but when the valides took over the office ''by word of mouth'' they did it in the verbal communication, but, not being bureaucrats, did not take charge of the written documents, which was assumed through trusted personnel, given that the direct office of the valide with the king meant the disappearance of the monarch's private secretary.",
"The imbalance with the disappearance of the king's private secretary came to be remedied in the reign of Philip IV.At the beginning of the reign of Philip IV, his new valide, Gaspar de Guzman, will seek a better image of the monarch, avoiding an image of a monarch ruled by his favorite, that is why, to give the king greater visibility in the participation of the government and at the same time continue to maintain the valide the exclusivity in the intermediation between the king and the rest of institutions, he will take up again the figure of the private secretary to promote the bureaucratic work that the valid ones did not do regarding the handling of papers, such as the elaboration, amendments or resolutions to letters or documents.",
"To achieve this, Gaspar de Guzmán entrusted the task of dispatching with the king to a single secretary to avoid undesirable contacts, and that his choice was controlled by the valide himself, so that the valide could control and filter the information that the king should know.The assignment of this task, instead of creating a new post, one of the two secretaries of state would be chosen to be assigned to a secretariat with its own entity dedicated to attend to ''the dispatch of'' the monarch's ''papers'', without mixing the two.",
"In this sense, in 1630 the Secretariat of State for Spain (\"of Spain, the Indies and adjacent islands, Barbary coasts and everything indifferent\") was created over the other two (North and Italy), and although the initiative failed, since this secretariat was in force between 1630-1643 and 1648-1661 (its affairs being integrated into that of the North), however, the established functional practice of uniting the two secretariats (State and Office), created the institution of ''Secretary of State and the Universal Office'' until its division by the Royal Decree of July 11, 1705.The reign of Charles II would put an end to the era of the Valides, and from then on the government would be directed by a ''prime minister'', a person imposed on the king, and who therefore did not enjoy the confidence of the monarch, but had the support of some nobiliary faction.",
"The king, even in spite of his attempts, did not assume the tasks of government, and in view of the situation of administrative disorder without an absolute political reference, the importance of the figure of the secretary of the Office will increase, as an intermediary between the king and the prime minister or the king's private secretary, and therefore the person who will have the most direct dealings with the king.",
"Along with the work of the secretaries to present the affairs of the day to the monarch by reading and summarizing them and transmitting the answers to their addressees, he could receive confidential information reserved from different authorities without the knowledge of the Councils to expedite procedures and make payments with secret funds of the king; but ultimately their main task would be to process and expedite the bureaucratic documentation, in the basements of the palace, known as the ''covachuela''."
],
[
"Bourbon Reform in the 18th century: Secretaries of State and of the Office",
"With the dynastic change, the Office with the new king Philip V was extended by disposition of his grandfather King Louis XIV of France with a Council of Office of chosen personages, who at the beginning were Manuel Arias y Porres, who was president of the Council of Castile, and Cardinal Portocarrero.",
"In this way the King of France avoided an excessive influence of the Secretary of Office over the Spanish monarch and at the same time the King of France could control and supervise the government of the Spanish monarchy.",
"Initially, to keep up appearances, the French ambassador Henri Harcourt dispatched with Cardinal Portocarrero separately.",
"This Council of Office controlled the dispatch with the monarch.",
"In 1704, after the loss of Gibraltar, the Council de Office was reformed and enlarged with Manuel Arias, José de Solís y Valderrábano, new president of the Council of Castile, Juan Domingo de Haro, president of the Council of Flanders, Antonio Sebastián de Toledo Molina y Salazar, president of the Council of Italy and the French ambassador Antonio Carlos de Gramont, in addition to the king and the secretary of Office Antonio de Ubilla.",
"At the end of January 1705 Pedro Fernández del Campo was appointed as the new Secretary of the Office, and since it was impossible for this newcomer to efficiently carry out all the bureaucratic work, the king established in the Royal Decree of July 11, 1705 the division of the secretariat into two distinct offices according to the demands of government to win the War of Succession: the affairs of War and Finance fell to José de Grimaldo, while \"''everything else of any matter''\" (primarily justice and ecclesiastical affairs) remained with Pedro Fernández del Campo.",
"However, the Council of Office can in no way be considered the predecessor of the Council of Ministers, since it was an advisory body in which there was no division of competences among its members and which was dissolved in 1715.The year 1714 saw the death of Queen Maria Luisa Gabriela of Savoy in February and the return of Jean Orry to Spain at the end of April, which brought about some administrative changes: the Secretary of the Office Pedro Fernandez del Campo was replaced by Manuel Vadillo and the Royal Decree of November 30, 1714 implemented the French ministerial system, establishing four secretaries of the Office:* Office of ''State and negotiation of ministers and foreign affairs'', in charge of foreign affairs, for José Grimaldo;* Office of ''Ecclesiastical Affairs, justice and jurisdiction'', in charge of ecclesiastical affairs, the maintenance of the royalties of the Crown, the regime of the universities, and the justice and jurisdiction of Councils and courts, especially in appointments, for Manuel Vadillo;* Office of ''War'', in charge of military affairs, for Miguel Fernández Durán;* Office of ''Navy and the Indies'', in charge of naval affairs and America, for Bernardo Tinajero de la Escalera.Jean Orry, the architect of the reform, was left in charge of a General Overseer's Office for Treasury affairs that supervised the whole administration, controlling the expenses, and in addition, the Overseer's Office had a general intendant who assisted him in order to facilitate the opinions to the rest of the secretaries, and who was Lorenzo Armengual de la Mota.",
"The Decree of 1714 also established a Cabinet Council, in which the secretaries were integrated, although it is not known if it formed a separate Council or if they were integrated into the pre-existing Council of Office; however, the life of this Council ended with the fall of Orry at the beginning of 1715, so that Giulio Alberoni cut off the dispatch of the secretaries with the king and thus controlled the remaining secretaries.The new Secretaries of the Office accumulated the attributions of the Secretaries of State (of the Council of State) of the 16th century as liaisons between the Councils and the King, to those of the Secretaries of the Universal Office of the 17th century as channelers of the monarch's communications, thus adding the prestige of the title of Secretary of State to any secretary who entered the Office with the monarch, becoming the first figures of the Administration to control the whole of the administrative apparatus.",
"It was not until the Royal Decree of November 30, 1714 that the figure of ''Secretary of State and of the Office'' was institutionalized, a generic title for the minister to which was added the specific department over which the office was exercised.",
"Thus, the Minister of War was the ''Secretary of State and of the Office of War'', or the Minister of State was the ''Secretary of State and of the Office of State'', also called ''Secretary of the Office of State'', and from 1734, as the ''first Secretary of State'', since in fact, the Secretary of the Office of State was the one who would stand out above all the others as the highest-ranking matters passed through his hands.",
"The Secretaries of State and of the Office were the origin of the ministers, in charge of a specific department and with a professional bureaucracy at their disposal, with their work they went from bureaucrats to political figures.",
"The Secretaries of State and of the Office had privileged access to the monarch, having direct communication with him, which meant, to resolve and decide with the king, as well as to put in writing those verbal resolutions to give them course.",
"The dispatch with the king was done regularly and directly with the monarch and in a reserved manner, and the secretaries also assumed the attributions of the old Councils, as well as the control of their personnel, without undermining the specific competences of the Council of Castile regarding the courts of Justice and Internal Government, as well as the collaboration with the king in the legislative process (being the only Council with legislative function).On February 7, 1715, Orry was dismissed and on April 28, 1715, another new reform in the Secretariats of the Office took place: the General Overseer was suppressed, which was integrated into the ''Intendencia General'' converted into an Office of ''Treasury or office of the Intendente General'', in which Lorenzo Armengual de la Mota was kept; the Office of Navy and Indias was also suppressed and its affairs were divided among the three Secretariats of War, State and Justice.",
"When Cardinal Giulio Alberoni was the new influential man in the Court the Royal Decree of April 2, 1717 arose, which produced another new reorganization of the Universal Office, which was divided between:* ''State and Foreign Affairs'' (with Grimaldo);* ''War, Navy and Justice of Spain and the Indies'' (with José Rodrigo y Villalpando),* ''Political Government and Treasury of Spain and the Indies'' (with Manuel Fernández Durán).After the fall of Alberoni in December 1719, another new reorganization took place on December 1, 1720, with the secretariats of:* ''State'', with José Grimaldo;* ''War, Navy and the Indies'' (except for ecclesiastical matters), with Miguel Fernández Durán,* ''Treasury'', with Juan de Dios del Río González,* ''Justice and Political Government'' (with the ecclesiastical of the Indies), with José Rodrigo.With the fall of Fernández Durán, a new reorganization took place when his Secretariat was divided into two: on the one hand, War, and on the other, the Navy and the Indies, leaving the organization in the five specialized and differentiated Secretaries of the Office until the 19th century, although it happened that the same person simultaneously occupied two or more Secretariats, as in the case of José Patiño Rosales, José del Campillo y Cossío, Zenón de Somodevilla, or Leopoldo de Gregorio.It was not until the reign of Ferdinand VI when the distribution of competencies among five secretariats (\"State\", \"Grace and Justice\", \"Navy and the Indies\", \"Treasury\" and \"War\") took place: the State Secretariat by Royal Decree of May 15, 1754 and the remaining ones by Royal Decree of August 26, 1754.Only between the Royal Decree of July 8, 1787 and that of April 25, 1790, the number of Secretariats was fixed at seven: \"State\", \"Grace and Justice of Spain\", \"Navy\", \"War\", \"Treasury\", \"Grace and Justice of the Indies\" and \"Commerce and Navigation of the Indies\", which returned to five in 1790, considering the creation of sections of the Indies in the other Secretariats so that they would deal with both Spanish and Indian affairs in an undifferentiated manner: \"Grace and Justice of the Indies\" was assimilated to that of Spain, \" Commerce and Navigation of the Indies\" was divided between War, Treasury and Navy.The five Secretariats of State and of the Office were maintained during the rest of the monarchical absolutism.",
"Only at the end of the reign of Ferdinand VII was the Ministry of General Development of the Kingdom incorporated.",
"The creation of this ministry arose from a need, expressed by Sáinz de Andino, which was \"for the direct purpose of preserving order, the common security of the State, the good regime of the things of common use and the play of the action of the Government in everything that states order to the promotion and common prosperity of the people\".",
"The establishment of the Secretariat of State and the Office of General Development of the Kingdom by the royal decree of November 5, 1832, reduced the Office of State to foreign relations, while the new ministry was attributed the internal government, which included public instruction, printing and newspapers, whether belonging to the Government or to private individuals, or the Royal Academies and Royal Archives.The absolute government of the monarch was interrupted with the implementation of the Statute of Bayonne and the Constitution of 1812, which modified the ministerial structure; article 27 of the Constitution of Bayonne of 1808 established nine ministries: a Ministry of Justice, another of Ecclesiastical Business, another of Foreign Business, another of the Interior, another of the Treasury, another of War, another of the Navy, another of the Indies and another of General Police; and article 222 of the Constitution of 1812 established seven secretaries of the office: For the Office of State, the Office of the Interior of the Kingdom for the Peninsula and adjacent Islands, the Office of the Interior of the Kingdom for Overseas, the Office of Grace and Justice, the Office of the Treasury, the Office of War, and the Office of the Navy.During the reign of Charles III, the novelty of the collective office was introduced with the creation by royal decree of July 8, 1787 of the ''Junta Suprema de Estado'' (Supreme Board of the State), an institutionalized meeting of all the secretaries to deliberate on matters that went beyond the scope of each secretariat.",
"It was dissolved by decree of February 28, 1792 after the fall of the Count of Floridablanca.",
"It would not be until the royal decree of November 19, 1823, when the Council of Ministers or cabinet, presided over by a president of the council (or head of government), was definitively constituted."
],
[
"See also",
"* Valide* List of prime ministers of Spain* Ancient Regime of Spain"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* List of the First Secretaries of Government from 1714 to 1832 (in Spanish).",
"* Chronological succession of government cabinets, all ministers, from 1808 onwards (in Spanish).",
"* '' The Secretaries of State and the Universal Office of the Council of Spain (1713-1734)'' (in Spanish).",
"* '' The Secretariats of State and of the Office of Grace and Justice of the Indies and of the Treasury of the Indies (1809-1834)'' (in Spanish).",
"* Census-Guide to Archives** General Archive of Simancas - 1.Collection of Institutions of the Ancient Regime:*** Secretariat of the Office of State (in Spanish).",
"*** Secretariat of State and Universal Office (in Spanish).",
"*** Secretariat of the Office of Grace and Justice (in Spanish).",
"*** Secretariat of the Office of War (in Spanish).",
"*** Secretariat of the Office of Treasury (in Spanish).",
"*** Secretariat of the Office of the Navy (in Spanish).",
"*** Secretariat of State and of the Office of the Navy (in Spanish).",
"** General Archive of the Indies:*** Secretariat of State and of the Universal Office of the Indies (in Spanish)."
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Kilrickle"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Kilrickle''' is a civil parish in County Galway, Ireland."
],
[
"History",
"In 2022, Citylink announced that new bus services would begin from Galway City to Loughrea and Kilrickle.",
"In 2023, Kilrickle got linked up to the mainline water system for the first time in 50 years."
],
[
"Education",
"The community is served by Kilrickle National School."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"A Lower Power"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''A Lower Power''''' is a 2009 American feature film and the feature directorial debut of Robert O'Geen, written and produced by Tim Bland about a young gay man torn between his rejection of his hedonistic parents and his own emerging sexual desires.The film premiered at the 2009 Honolulu Rainbow Film Festival and was acquired by TLA Releasing in 2011."
],
[
"Reception",
"Bob Green of Honolulu Weekly called the film \"Funny, engaging and believable, ''A Lower Power'' is a refreshing gay coming-of-age movie, smartly written and well-acted.\""
],
[
"Release",
"In 2011, the film was acquired by TLA Releasing and given an X Rating for \"nudity and sexual situations intended for adult audiences\"."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Christoph Riner"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Christoph Riner''' (; born 12 June 1977) is a Swiss politician who currently serves on the National Council (Switzerland) for the Swiss People's Party since 2023.He concurrently serves on the Grand Council of Aargau for the Laufenburg District since 2009."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"The Writer From a Country Without Bookstores"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''The Writer From a Country Without Bookstores''' is a documentary film that follows the life and work of Juan Tomás Ávila Laurel, the most translated writer from Equatorial Guinea, who had to flee his country in 2011 after protesting against the dictatorship of Teodoro Obiang.",
"The film shows his journey as a refugee in Spain, where he struggles to find recognition and support for his literature, and his return to his homeland, where he faces the risks and challenges of being a dissident voice.",
"The film is directed by Marc Serena, a Spanish filmmaker and journalist, who co-wrote the script with Ávila Laurel himself.",
"The film was released in 2019 and received several awards and nominations at international film festivals.",
"The film is a powerful and inspiring portrait of a writer who uses his words as a weapon against oppression and injustice."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Franco Zanelatto"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Franco Zanelatto Téllez''' (born 9 May 2000) is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a winger for Alianza Lima."
],
[
"Early life",
"Zanelatto is the son of a Uruguayan mother and a Paraguayan father."
],
[
"Career",
"Zanelatto started his career with Peruvian side USMP."
],
[
"Style of play",
"Zanelatto mainly operates as a winger and is known for his speed."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Zanelatto has been nicknamed \"Zane\"."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Vaccarecce lighthouse"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Vaccarecce lighthouse''' or '''ancient Giglio lighthouse''' is a lighthouse in the Tyrrhenian Sea designed in 1830 and completed sometime in the 1850s.",
"The lighthouse is no longer operational.",
"The structure is situated on the Italian island of Giglio, to the north and in the same municipal territory.",
"It is a maritime lighthouse but was originally used to light the island."
],
[
"History",
"The lighthouse was finished 1850.Attempts were mad to have the structure light the entire island but this proved impossible given its focal plane was too high.",
"In 1883 two new lighthouses were built by the Regia Marina, the Italian Navy.In June 2015, after 10 years of disuse, the lighthouse was purchased by Roger Vivier's creative director, Gherardo Felloni.",
"The compound is now residential and includes galleries, historical private lodging, and several estate gardens and surrounded by grape vines and pine woods.",
"Since 2020, more than 2,000 trees and plants have been added to the space."
],
[
"See also",
"* Isola del Giglio* List of lighthouses in Italy"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Messi (dog)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Messi''' is a French Border Collie Dog actor, known for the 2023 film ''Anatomy of a Fall''."
],
[
"Filmography",
"+FilmRoleYearNotesRefAnatomy of a FallSnoop2023won Palm Dog Award at 2023 Cannes Film Festival"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Mian Fayyaz Hussain Chhajrra"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Mian Fayyaz Hussain Chhajrra''' (), is a Pakistani politician who is member-elect of the National Assembly of Pakistan."
],
[
"Political career",
"Chhajrra won the 2024 Pakistani general election from NA-180 Kot Addu-II as an Independent candidate.",
"He received 96,220 votes while runner up Raza Rabbani Khar of Pakistan People’s Party Parliamentarians received 49,461 votes."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Robert G. North"
],
[
"Introduction",
"North as a private in the USAAF, 1942'''Robert Guilford North''' (26 January 1913 – 20 December 1954) was an American film writer and producer who reportedly served as an undercover CIA agent in Thailand.",
"North, who served in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) during World War II, was a minor screenwriter in Hollywood before moving to Thailand with his wife Maxine in 1950, where he established the Far East Film Company with Thai producer Ratana Pestonji, co-producing ''Santi-Vina'' before his death in 1954.Later sources describe the company as a front for CIA activities in the country."
],
[
"Early life and education",
"Robert G. North was born on 26 January 1913 in Boston, Massachusetts, a son of attorney John C. North and great-grandson of pioneer John W. North, founder of Riverside, California.",
"North's father died when he was five, and he grew up with his mother, Brent W. North, in Alhambra, California, graduating from Alhambra High School.",
"North attended the University of Southern California from 1932 to 1934, then went to the University of Hawaii as an exchange student.",
"He transferred to Stanford University in 1936.A skilled orator, North participated in debate competitions since high school and represented the universities in many varsity competitions, including a nationally broadcast radio debate with Harvard students in 1935 and an extended three-month tour of the continental United States in 1936, both as part of the Hawaii team.",
"In 1937, he accompanied former president Herbert Hoover on an extended fishing trip, serving as a bodyguard.",
"After graduating, he continued onto law school at Stanford, but was suspended in 1938 over a prank where he and a group of students performed a burlesque mocking university president Ray Lyman Wilbur.",
"He went back to Hawaii and taught history at the Punahou School, before returning to California.",
"Back at Stanford, he met Irving Cummings Jr., with whom he started a writing partnership, and took up up public relations work in San Francisco."
],
[
"World War II",
"As the United States joined World War II, North enlisted in the US Army Air Forces in February 1942 and was stationed in Monterey, California and at Sheppard Field (in Wichita Falls, Texas), before being assigned to Barksdale Field in Louisiana, serving as public relations assistant there.",
"In June, he won a war bond speech contest, and toured the country delivering speeches to promote bond sales.",
"Later in November, he was sent for training at the Officer Candidate School in Miami Beach, Florida (later the Air Force Officer Training School).In Honolulu after the Battle of Kwajalein in early 1944, North met General William J. Donovan, head of the Office of Strategic Services (the United States' wartime intelligence agency and precursor to the CIA), who recruited him to the OSS.",
"After training in Washington, D.C., North was deployed for special operations in China, where he conducted intelligence missions behind enemy lines for the Fourteenth Air Force.",
"In April 1945, North narrowly escaped when a convoy he was leading, carrying radio equipment for covert observation stations, was attacked by bandits.",
"He was able to compel a local Chinese magistrate to supply troops to help reclaim the equipment, which allowed American planes to attack Japanese convoys passing through the observed areas.",
"He was preparing to infiltrate the occupied cities of Nanking and Shanghai when the war ended in August 1945.North returned home aboard the , leaving service with the rank of captain."
],
[
"Film career",
"After the war, North settled in Los Angeles and resumed his writing partnership with Cummings, penning scripts for producer Sol Wurtzel, who was a serial maker of B movies for 20th Century Fox.",
"Their first produced screenplay was ''Dangerous Millions'' (1946), which was partly inspired by North's experiences in China.",
"This was followed by ''Jewels of Brandenburg'' in 1947.",
"''Night Wind'' (1948), also produced by Wurtzel, was co-written with Arnold Belgard, while Cummings moved into production with ''The Sign of the Ram'' (1948).",
"North was involved (though uncredited) in its production, which was where he met Maxine Woodfield, an executive secretary for Columbia Pictures.",
"They married in 1949.The following year, the couple moved to Thailand, ostensibly for North to research a film project.",
"In 1953, he joined with Thai filmmaker Ratana Pestonji to open a Thailand-based production outfit, the Far East Film Company, also known by the trademark Hanuman Productions.",
"North became vice president of the company, which served as a bridge connecting American interests and resources to the Thai film industry during the early stages of the Cold War, in which Thailand would serve as an important US ally.The company's first production was ''Santi-Vina'', a Bildungsroman film considered a landmark in Thai film history as the first to be shot on 35-mm color film as well as the first to win international awards—at the inaugural 1954 Southeast Asian Film Festival (later known as the Asia-Pacific Film Festival) in Tokyo.",
"Its production was conceived specifically for the festival, whose deeper aim was to create a network of anti-communist film producers, and North, as a delegate for Thailand, was a strongly outspoken anti-communist voice in the festival's parent organization, the Federation of Motion Picture Producers in Southeast Asia (FPA).North wrote the screenplay for ''Santi-Vina'' and co-produced the film with Rak Panyarachun.",
"Although planned as the first of many high-quality productions, it was instead his only film from Thailand, as he died unexpectedly on 20 September 1954, three days after falling ill with polio.",
"He was buried in the Roman Catholic Cemetery on Si Lom Road."
],
[
"CIA connections",
"Several later sources have claimed that North was an undercover agent of the Central Intelligence Agency, and that the Far East Film Company was a front for CIA activities in Thailand, importantly serving as a funding conduit to supply the Kuomintang in Burma.",
"The company has also been reported as responsible for producing or distributing anti-communist propaganda films, in cooperation with Thai authorities.",
"North was described by former CIA agent Joseph Burkholder Smith as a psychological warfare expert with the Office of Policy Coordination (OPC, the early CIA's covert operations branch).",
"However, unlike other known anti-communist propaganda films of the time co-created by the US Information Service, ''Santi-Vina'' was strongly apolitical in tone, suggesting that it was not created as part of the propaganda effort.E.",
"Howard Hunt, a former CIA agent convicted in the Watergate scandal, mentioned in his memoirs that it was he who informed North of the newly formed OPC while visiting him and Maxine in Los Angeles, to which North expressed interest and Hunt promised to recommend him to the agency.",
"He also noted that North, \"posted in Bangkok, was trying to establish a Thai film industry, hoping to make a movie about an epic Thai legend\".",
"Screenwriter Charles Bennett noted that the script for ''Bangkok'', which he co-wrote with North in 1950, was created for the CIA, probably intended as a cover, though it was never produced."
],
[
"Personal life and family",
"North had a large social circle; an obituary for his mother in Thailand's ''Standard'' newspaper in 1963 called him \"one of the most popular Americans who have ever lived in Siam\".",
"He and Maxine were also friends with future US president Richard Nixon, and campaigned for him in the 1950 California Senate election, before moving to Thailand.After North's death in 1954, Maxine, together with his mother, who had lived with the couple in Thailand, briefly returned to the United States, but later went back to Thailand and settled there permanently.",
"Maxine North would go on to establish herself as a successful businesswoman, launching, among other ventures, Polaris, the first bottled water brand in the country."
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Oh, Those Hanazono Twins"
],
[
"Introduction",
" is a Japanese web manga series written and illustrated by Nena Kitajima.",
"It was published on Kodansha's ''Magazine Pocket'' website from July 2020 to December 2021, with its chapters collected in seven volumes."
],
[
"Publication",
"Written and illustrated by Nena Kitajima, ''Oh, Those Hanazono Twins'' was published on Kodansha's ''Magazine Pocket'' website from July 21, 2020, to December 14, 2021.Kodansha collected its chapters in seven volumes, released from December 9, 2020, to February 9, 2022.In North America, the manga was licensed for English digital release by Kodansha USA.",
"The seven volumes were released from May 3, 2022, to November 29, 2022.===Volumes==="
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Further reading",
"*"
],
[
"External links",
"* *"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"The Borderline (music venue)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''The Borderline''' was a London music venue on the eastern edge of Soho at Orange Yard and Manette St, off Charing Cross Road.",
"Hosting a variety of acts in rock and roots music, the small basement club was a foundational part of the live music scene in the West End from 1985 to 2019."
],
[
"History",
"Founded by Ian Howard and John Northcote in 1985, The Borderline opened in the basement of tex mex restaurant Break for the Border, located at 127-133 Charing Cross Rd.",
"With a small stage and a capacity for 200 to 300, the underground space soon became known for its intimate atmosphere.",
"By the 1990s, the club cemented its reputation as an excellent stop for up-and-coming names in rock and roll.",
"R.E.M., Oasis, Pearl Jam, Blur, Muse, and Counting Crows made appearances relatively early in their careers, as did singer-songwriters such as Sheryl Crow, PJ Harvey, and Jeff Buckley.",
"The venue was also known for hosting figures such as Debbie Harry and Black Francis as they performed their solo work.",
"Later in the decade, The Borderline became an important center for Americana.",
"Townes Van Zandt, Emmylou Harris, Béla Fleck and the Flecktones, Uncle Tupelo, The Jayhawks, The Sadies, Whiskeytown, The Drive-By Truckers, Over the Rhine, Sarah Harmer, and Josh Ritter all played the basement stage.As the music industry increasingly consolidated, the ownership of The Borderline changed hands several times.",
"In 2003, Vince Power's Mean Fiddler Group added the club to its stable of venues.",
"In 2007, as Mean Fiddler rebranded as Festival Republic, Music and Media Assets (MAMA) acquired the club.",
"As MAMA was absorbed into Live Nation, DHP Family purchased the club in 2016.DHP temporarily closed the venue for extensive refurbishment and reopened the space with a thoroughly revamped décor and an upgraded sound system in March 2017.However, citing rising rents due to ongoing real estate developments in the area, DHP permanently closed the doors of The Borderline in August 2019."
],
[
"Notable events",
"*On March 14 and 15, 1991, as part of the promotional tour for Out of Time, R.E.M.",
"played two nights as Bingo Hand Job.",
"Although the performance was widely bootlegged by fans for years, R.E.M.",
"eventually released an official recording for Record Store Day in 2019.",
"*In August 1994, the venue served as the set for the music video for the Oasis single “Cigarettes & Alcohol.”*On 3 December 1996, just four weeks before his death, Townes Van Zandt played his last public show on The Borderline stage.",
"* On 27 July 2013, Mick Farren died on stage while performing with his band, The Deviants."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*Deborah Harry briefly talking about The Borderline on BBC Radio One, Going Live, 8 October, 1989."
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Edmond Lufi"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Edmond Lufi''' (born 14 February 1969) is an Albanian retired footballer, who played the majority of his career in the Maltese league.",
"He is the current manager of Luqa St. Andrew's."
],
[
"Playing career",
"One of the first players to leave his country after the fall of communism in Albania, Lufi moved to Malta and played for several clubs as a defender and later became a manager.",
"He left his role as player/coach at Naxxar Lions to join Hibernians in January 2003."
],
[
"Managerial career",
"Lufi rejoined Hibernians in 2011 as assistant to head coach Mark Miller.",
"His first stint at the helm was in 2006 when he took charge of Marsa, Lufi also worked two years for Pietà Hotspurs, for San Ġwann and Mosta and he was appointed manager of Melita in June 2018."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Classé secret"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Classé secret''''' (English: '''''Classified Secret''''') is a French Canadian TV spy thriller, crime drama series, which was broadcast on Addik from March 31, 2022.The first season of ten episodes was directed by Stéphan Beaudoin and co-written by Michel D'Astous and François Pagé.",
"Filming occurred during late 2021 for Groupe TVA and Quebecor Content.",
"The two lead protagonists are the married secret service agents Rachel (Mélissa Désormeaux-Poulin) and Émile () who investigate a fatal shooting near Montreal's American Consulate and an associated assassination attempt.",
"Meanwhile, their fictitious agency, Secret Services of Canada (SSC), has a high-placed CIA mole.",
"SSC boss Adrien (Andreas Apergis) suspects Rachel and orders Émile to investigate.A second season, also of ten episodes, was confirmed in September 2022, and is set 18 months after the end of season one with Beaudoin returning as director and Pagé as sole scriptwriter.",
"Filming of episodes finished in April 2023, while broadcasting began on October 11 of that year.",
"In this season, Rachel heads SSC after Émile was exposed as the CIA mole and supposedly executed.",
"Adrien is a security consultant for a mining company which has two workers held hostage in a disputed area of the Maghreb in Africa.",
"Both seasons were streamed in Australia on SBS On Demand as ''Classified'' from February 1, 2024."
],
[
"Cast and characters",
"* Mélissa Désormeaux-Poulin as Rachel Miller: Montreal-based, Secret Services of Canada (SSC) Head of Counter-Terrorism, married to Émile, mother of their two daughters** Takes over Adrien's job, hunts for Debussy mercenary group members, including Robin* as Émile Darcy: SSC informant's manager, married to Rachel; supposedly killed in a training exercise after being exposed as CIA's mole* Paul Ahmarani as Jacques Thomassin: SSC Head of Counter-Espionage, Rachel's rival for Adrien's job* Madeleine Péloquin as Valérie Kasher/Cachère Dominique Addison: SSC \"house-keeping\" agent, chosen by Rachel to assist Émile's household while Rachel was in US** Leads active missions for Rachel, including search for Robin, killed by Rachel to save Azure* Andreas Apergis as Adrien McKenna: SSC managing director, Rachel's boss, considering retirement**Works as security consultant for company Pentecôte Mining, re-installed to SSC* Gabriel Arcand as Philip Miller: Rachel's uncle, former SSC boss, mentored Adrien**Resumes sexual liaison with Amanda* Leïla Thibeault-Louchem as Irène Beauvais: SSC agent, works for Émile **Federal prisoner for killing Jamel, clandestinely freed by Rachel to look for Robin, Valérie's love interest* Mali Corbeil-Gauvreau as Marine Miller-Darcy: Rachel and Émile's asthmatic 8-year-old daughter**Ten-year-old, cherishes pet dog* Charlotte Bégin as Azure Miller-Darcy: Rachel and Émile's 11-year-old daughter**Thirteen-year-old, dyslexic* Geneviève Boivin-Roussy as Anne Miller: Philip's daughter, Rachel's cousin, civilian translator** Starts dating Théo, killed by Robin* Sofia Blondin as Sarah Adamson: Rachel's SSC assistant, Bob's wife; systems analyst**Bob's widow, works for Jacques, poses as Jessica Boudreau: Foreign Affairs' consular official* Susie Almgren as L'Interrogatrice (English: \"The Interrogator\")/Amanda Haspel: CIA handler, interrogates Rachel in Vermont**(as Amanda): CIA head in Montreal, hires Robin targeting Rachel, killed by Rachel* Lee Villeneuve as Marcel Desjardins: Rachel's chauffeur-bodyguard, killed by explosion=== Season one only ===* Karim Babin as Yasser Chadli: Shammar (fictitious Persian Gulf emirate) émigré, political dissident, bookseller* as Robert \"Bob\" Galois: SSC agent, works for Émile; killed by Émile* Rose-Maïté Erkoreka as Monique Bartoli: Prime Minister (PM)'s National Security Adviser, takes over Adrien's job, clandestinely paid by Shammar government* as Marianne Forestier: bookseller, Yasser's wife* Gabriel Lemire as Martin Goyer: Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) transferee to Émile's team, killed by Jamel's agents* Cynthia Wu-Maheux as Mégane: Irène's domestic partner, mother of Colin* Nikola Masri as Bilal Chadli: Yasser's son, proposes violent anti-Shammar action, actually Bruno's informant* Richard Des Lys as Jamel Al-Nazef: Shammar spy working for their version of Saudi Arabian secret police (Mabahith), poses as Shammar cultural attaché, attempts to eliminate Canadian-based Shammar dissidents, employs Omar, plans Emir's murder to instigate military coup in Shammar, killed by Irène* as Bruno Garand: RCMP inspector, instals Martin as SSC insider* Julie Trépanier as Liz Olson: ostensibly Émile's physiotherapist, actually his CIA handler, returns to US* Rania Assad Lahlou as Inaya Chadli: Yasser and Marianne's daughter* Shadi Janho as Omar Bin Aziz: Shammar ex-military mercenary, sniper-assassin; hired by Jamel for Yasser case, killed by Mégane* Bruno Verdoni as Max O'Leary: former CIA agent, begins process of subverting Rachel, killed by Liz* Said Benyoucef as Khaled Bin Sadria: Shammar official, cultural attaché, brokers deal to eliminate émigré dissidents* Catherine Beauchemin as Victoria John \"VJ\" Logan: Vancouver-based SSC agent hired by Philip; becomes Montreal's Head of Counter-Terrorism (Rachel's former job)=== Season two only ===* Laurent Lucas as Robin Denard: Djibouti-born French citizen, former French Foreign Legion and Directorate-General for External Security (DGSE), Debussy group (fictitious mercenary/terrorist organisation) captain, assassin, posing as security consultant, relocated to Montreal, killed by Esteban* Frances Castel as Margaret \"Maggie\" Darcy: Émile's estranged mother, Rachel's mother-in-law, minds granddaughters, alcoholic* Louis-Philippe Dandenault as Maxime Boulanger: Rachel's SSC assistant* Sébastien Huberdeau as Fabien Duvernay: Azure's teacher, concerned by her misbehavior* Maxime De Cotret as Arnaud Cowan: Pentecôte Mining mineralogist, stationed in Ghanim (fictitious location near borders of Algeria, Tunisia and Libya), Maghreb, discovers valuable information* Ted Pluviose as Pierre Malherbe: Hervé's partner, has heart condition requiring medication, Arnaud's co-worker, also in Ghanim* Carla Turcotte as Carole Larose: Arnaud's partner, Toronto resident* Frederick Bouffard as Hervé Tremblay: Pierre's partner, Carole's friend* Julian Bailey as Lieutenant William \"Billy\" Devlin: Debussy group mercenary, main guard-torturer holding hostages, agent for Adrien* Benoit Drouin-Germain as Théo Dumont: economics journalist, dating Anne* Luis Oliva as Esteban Cardenas: Mexican drug cartel boss, originally working with Robin* Dominick Rustam as Auguste Kleu: Jacques' domestic partner* Elizabeth Duperré as Kelly Rouleau: SSC analyst, works for Jacques* Igor Ovadis as Oncle (English: Uncle) Sergeï Bezmanoff: Head of Russian Secret Service in Montreal* Jean-René Moissan as Chef de pupitre (English: Desk Manager): Théo's editor* Sarah Cavalli Pernod as Marie-Rose Trintignant: associate of Robin"
],
[
"Episode guide",
"=== Season one ====== Season two ==="
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"James Staunton Lambert"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''James Staunton Lambert''' (5 March 1789 – July 1867) was an Irish Whig politician who was Member of Parliament for County Galway from 1827 to 1832.Lambert was an ancestor of John Lambert of Creg Clare.",
"Lambert died in Budleigh Salterton in Devon."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"See also",
"* List of MPs elected in the 1830 United Kingdom general election* List of MPs elected in the 1831 United Kingdom general election"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Ohio's 22nd House of Representatives district"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Ohio's 22nd House of Representatives district''' is currently represented by Democrat Juanita Brent.",
"It is located entirely within Cuyahoga County and includes the municipalities of Cleveland Heights, East Cleveland, Highland Hills, North Randall, Shaker Heights, University Heights, Warrensville Heights, and part of Cleveland."
],
[
"List of members representing the district",
" Member Party Years GeneralAssembly Electoral historyDistrict established January 2, 1967.100px'''Vern Riffe''' DemocraticJanuary 2, 1967 –December 31, 1972107th108th109thElected in 1966.Re-elected in 1968.Re-elected in 1970.Redistricted to the 89th district.100px'''Chester Cruze''' RepublicanJanuary 1, 1973 –April 6, 1977110th111th112thRedistricted from the 68th district and re-elected in 1972.Re-elected in 1974.Re-elected in 1976.Resigned.",
"''Vacant'' April 6, 1977 –April 27, 1977112th'''Edith Mayer''' RepublicanApril 27, 1977 –December 31, 1982112th113th114thAppointed to finish Cruze's term.Re-elected in 1978.Re-elected in 1980.Redistricted to the 27th district and lost re-nomination.100px'''Lou Blessing''' RepublicanJanuary 3, 1983 –December 31, 1992115th116th117th118th119thElected in 1982.Re-elected in 1984.Re-elected in 1986.Re-elected in 1988.Re-elected in 1990.Redistricted to the 35th district.100px'''Ray Miller''' DemocraticJanuary 4, 1993 –July 1, 1993120thRedistricted from the 29th district and re-elected in 1992.Resigned.100px'''Charleta Tavares''' DemocraticJuly 1, 1993 –December 31, 1998120th121st122ndAppointed to finish Miller's term.Re-elected in 1994.Re-elected in 1996.Retired to run for Ohio Secretary of State.100px'''Ray Miller''' DemocraticJanuary 4, 1999 –December 31, 2002123rd124thElected in 1998.Re-elected in 2000.Retired to run for state senator.100px'''Jim Hughes''' RepublicanJanuary 6, 2003 –December 31, 2008125th126th127thRedistricted from the 27th district and re-elected in 2002.Re-elected in 2004.Re-elected in 2006.Term-limited; ran for state senator.100px'''John Patrick Carney''' DemocraticJanuary 5, 2009 –December 31, 2014128th129th130thElected in 2008.Re-elected in 2010.Re-elected in 2012.Retired to run for Ohio State Auditor.100px'''David J. Leland''' DemocraticJanuary 5, 2015 –December 31, 2022131st132nd133rd134thElected in 2014.Re-elected in 2016.Re-elected in 2018.Re-elected in 2020.Term-limited.",
"'''Juanita Brent''' DemocraticJanuary 2, 2023 –present135thRedistricted from the 12th district and re-elected in 2022."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Jamal Ahsan Khan"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Jamal Ahsan Khan''' (Urdu جمال احسن خان), is a Pakistani politician who is a member-elect of the National Assembly of Pakistan."
],
[
"Political career",
"He won the 2024 Pakistani general election from NA-90 Mianwali-II as an Independent candidate.",
"He received 217,427 votes while runner up Obaidullah Khan of Pakistan Muslim League (N) received 34,068 votes."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Longhorns (2011 film)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Longhorns''''' is a 2011 American feature film written and directed by David Lewis.The film premiered at the 2011 Frameline Film Festival and was released by TLA Releasing."
],
[
"Plot",
"Set in the 1980s, ''Longhorns'' centers around Texan college student Kevin (Jacob Newton), who really wants to prove to himself that he is heterosexual.",
"It becomes harder for him to maintain that ruse when he meets new student, Cesar (Derek Villanueva), who is openly gay."
],
[
"Critical reception",
"Critic Dennis Harvey of ''Variety'' reviewed the film favorably saying \"The third time's the charm for writer-director David Lewis, whose first two gay-themed features were earnest but undercooked dramas.",
"\"On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, ''Longhorns'' holds an audience approval rating of 39% based on 100+ reviews."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Tachysphex nigerrimus"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Tachysphex nigerrimus''''', also known as the '''black cockroach hunter''', is a species of wasp in the family Crabronidae.",
"It is endemic to New Zealand, the only species of ''Tachysphex'' that occurs there.This species is found throughout New Zealand.",
"It makes small, simple burrows in sand or in silty riverbanks above flood level.",
"The female ''T.",
"nigerrimus'' hunts for native cockroaches (such as ''Celatoblatta'' or ''Parellipsidion''), which she stings, paralysing them, and drags or flies them back to her burrow.",
"The curved, white eggs of ''T.",
"nigerrimus'' are 3.5 mm long by 0.7 mm wide and are laid on and cemented to the cockroach and the larval wasp eats it alive.",
"Each larva is typically provisioned with three cockroaches.",
"''Tachysphex nigerrimus'' was nominated for New Zealand Bug of the Year in 2024, and came in 19th place of 20 contenders."
],
[
"Name",
"T. nigerrimus side view, close up, observed near Dunedin, New ZealandThis species is known as the black cockroach-hunting wasp or black cockroach hunter in English, and in Māori as ngaro wīwī (written \"ngaro wiwi\", without macrons, in older sources).",
"''Ngaro'' is a generic Māori word for fly or wasp, and ''wīwī'' conveys walking to distant places (as in the phrase ''ki wīwī ki wāwā'' for going walkabout).",
"This name is used for all the New Zealand hunting wasps in the families Eumenidae, Pompilidae, and Sphecidae, such as ''Pison spinolae'' and ''Priocnemis monachus.''"
],
[
"Taxonomy",
"The species was first described as ''Tachytes nigerrimus'' by Frederick Smith in 1856.The holotype is at the British Museum of Natural History."
],
[
"Distribution and habitat",
"With paralysed cockroachT.",
"nigerrimus''T.",
"nigerrimus'' is endemic to New Zealand and is found throughout the North, South and Stewart Islands."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* ''Tachyspex nigerrimus'' discussed on RNZ ''Critter of the Week'', 16 February 2024"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Give Me a Minute (album)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Give Me a Minute''''' is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Lizzy McAlpine, released on August 13, 2020, through Harbour Artists & Music.",
"It was produced by McAlpine, Dillan Witherow, Philip Etherington, and Ehren Ebbage, and preceded by the release of the single \"Over-the-Ocean Call\" on July 13, 2020."
],
[
"Composition",
"''Give Me a Minute'' is an indie folk and folk-pop album, described as \"introspective\" and \"cottagecore-esque\", that \"explores love lost and found\".",
"The songs \"To the Mountains\", \"Means Something\", and \"Pancakes for Dinner\" were highlighted as standouts.In an interview in 2021, McAlpine stated:"
],
[
"Track listing",
"All tracks are written by Elizabeth McAlpine, except where noted."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"The Palladium Book of Weapons & Castles"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''The Palladium Book of Weapons & Castles''''' is a role-playing game supplement published by Palladium Books in 1982."
],
[
"Contents",
"''The Palladium Book of Weapons & Castles'' is a supplement which details ranged and siege weapons from the medieval and ancient periods, with descriptions of 14 real-world European castles detailed using historical sources."
],
[
"Publication history",
"''The Palladium Book of Weapons & Castles'' was compiled by Matthew Balent, and was published by Palladium Books in 1982 as a 48-page saddle-stitched book, with another printing that same year as a square-bound book.The information from this book was later revised and included in ''The Compendium of Weapons, Armour & Castles''."
],
[
"Reviews",
"*''Fantasy Gamer'' #2*''Asimov's Science Fiction'' v10n11 (1986 11)"
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Grapevine Creek (Texas)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Grapevine Creek''' is a creek in Tarrant County, Texas.",
"The creek rises west of the Dallas Fort Worth International Airport in Grapevine and flows for eight miles.",
"The creek meets the Elm Fork of the Trinity River west of Farmers Branch."
],
[
"References"
]
] | wikipedia |
[
[
"Look at Me (2018 film)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Look at Me''' is a 2018 drama film that tells the story of Lotfi, a Tunisian immigrant who lives in Marseille with his French wife and son.",
"Lotfi works as a security guard and tries to forget his past in Tunisia, where he left his family and his autistic brother.",
"However, his life changes when he receives a phone call from his mother, who informs him that his wife has suffered a stroke and is in a coma.",
"Lotfi decides to return to Tunisia with his son, hoping to reconnect with his roots and his brother.",
"But he soon realizes that his homeland is not the same as he remembered, and that he has to face his own demons and secrets.",
"The film is a poignant exploration of identity, family, and belonging, as well as a portrait of contemporary Algeria.",
"The film was directed by Néjib Belkadhi, a Tunisian filmmaker who also co-wrote the script with Maud Ameline.",
"The film stars Nidhal Saadi, Idryss Kharroubi, Saoussen Maalej, and Aziz Jebali.",
"The film was praised for its performances, cinematography, and music.",
"The film was released in France on June 16, 2015, and in Algeria on September 26, 2018.The film won several awards, including the Best Actor award for Nidhal Saadi at the Carthage Film Festival."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External Links",
"*"
]
] | wikipedia |
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