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2021 Memorial Van Damme
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The 2021 Memorial Van Damme was the 45th edition of the annual track and field meeting in Brussels, Belgium. Held on 3 September at the King Baudouin Stadium, it was the thirteenth and penultimate leg of the 2021 Diamond League – the highest level international track and field circuit. The discus throw events were held on 1 September, two days before the rest of the meeting. Although Memorial Van Damme and Weltklasse Zürich co-hosted the finals during the last full season in 2019, in 2021 the series moved to a single final in Zürich.
2021 Memorial Van Damme
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The meeting was highlighted by Sifan Hassan nearly breaking the mile run world record with a 4:14.74 winning time. Additionally, the meeting attracted attention as two women's events (5000 metres and 200 metres) were won by women with XY disorders of sex development, affected by World Athletics' regulations on testosterone levels.
2021 Memorial Van Damme
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Results
Athletes competing in the Diamond League disciplines earned extra compensation and points which went towards qualifying for the Diamond League finals in Zürich. First place earned 8 points, with each step down in place earning one less point than the previous, until no points are awarded in 9th place or lower.
Two Rondinos
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The Two Rondinos (in German: Zwei Rondinos), Op. 68, is a collection of compositions for piano written in November 1912 by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius.
Two Rondinos
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Discography
The Hungarian pianist Ervin László made the world premiere studio recording of Rondino No. 1 in 1959 for RCA Victor; Rondino No. 2, on the other hand, was first recorded in 1971 by the Japanese pianist Izumi Tateno for EMI.
Polard
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Polard may refer to:
Pav Gill
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Pavandeep “Pav” Gill is a Singaporean senior legal counsel, who was the whistleblower who uncovered the Wirecard scandal, one of the largest corporate frauds in history. Gill was the former Singapore-based legal head for Wirecard’s Asia-Pacific region.
Pav Gill
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Early life
Born in Singapore, Gill was the only child of a first-generation Sikh immigrant single mother, and grew up in subsidized housing. He attended Victoria School and graduated in law from the National University of Singapore in 2008. In September 2017, he was hired by Wirecard as their first in-house Head of Legal for the entire Asia-Pacific territory.
Pav Gill
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2023
Gill has started the whistle-blowing platform Confideplatform to facilitate the detection and reporting of misconduct at companies.
Pav Gill
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Awards
Gill has been awarded the ACFE Cliff Robertson Sentinel Award and the Blueprint for Free Speech Special Recognition Award, for integrity and bravery in the public interest.
Angarki (2013 film)
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Angarki is a 2013 Indian Marathi-language directed by Chandrakant Dudhgaonkar, Starring Makarand Anaspure, Tejaswini Pandit And Sharad Ponkshe. It was theatrically released on 13 December 2013.
Amerant bank
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Amerant Bank is an American bank based in Coral Gables that is chartered in Florida, with 23 combined branches in Florida and Texas and 55,000 automated teller machines in the states either operating directly or through a network of ATMs. It is the main subsidiary of Amerant Bancorp Inc., a bank holding company and comprises subsidiaries Amerant Investments Inc., Amerant Mortgage, LLC ., and Elant Bank & Trust Ltd. It is the largest community bank in Florida and the 7th largest bank based in Florida by total assets. It was formerly known as Mercantil Bank and was officially rebranded as Amerant in October 2018.
Amerant bank
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History
Amerant Bank was founded in 1979 as Commercebank N.A. In 1987, the bank was acquired by Mercantil Servicios Financieros (MSF) - ranked as one of the world's biggest 2,000 public companies according to Forbes magazine (2015) at 648th place - and operated as Commercebank until it became known as Mercantil Commercebank in 2007. In September 1979, it was chartered as a national banking association.To reflect its positioning within the U.S. market, the company announced it was rebranding as Amerant in October 2018, just before launching its IPO. The company officially changed its corporate name to Amerant at its annual shareholder's meeting in 2019.
Amerant bank
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History
Throughout the years, Amerant Bank has grown organically. In June 2022, Amerant established a new commercial bank presence in the Greater Tampa Bay, Florida market with the opening of a commercial banking office with the goal of providing transactional and business-related services. Mid-2023 the company moved from NASDAQ and its stock began trading on the NYSE.
Amerant bank
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History
The bank has partnered with several US-based professional sports teams since 2022, including the NBA's Miami Heat and the NHL's Florida Panthers as well as colleges including the University of Miami and Rice University in Houston, Texas. The bank has also partnered with local colleges on training financial literacy and skills.
Amerant bank
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History
On September 19, 2023, it was announced that Amerant Bank, would be the new rights partner for the formerly known FLA Live Arena, renaming the arena to Amerant Bank Arena.
Amerant bank
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History
When the financial crisis of 2007–2008 occurred, the bank chose not to accept government assistance through the Troubled Asset Relief Program. The bank also largely was unaffected during 2023 United States banking crisis as its deposits were heavily diversified and the majority was insured through the United States' FDIC program.
Amerant bank
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Naming rights and sponsorships
Amerant Bank owns corporate naming rights to the following:
Recep Küpçü
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Recep Küpçü (Bulgarian: Реджеп Кюпчу, Redzhep Kyupchu) was a Bulgarian poet and writer of Turkish origin who wrote in both Bulgarian and Turkish. Born in 1934 in the town of Kuklen, he spent most of his life in Burgas, where he met various and influential Bulgarian writers. He met Turkish communist authors such as Aziz Nesin as well.
Recep Küpçü
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While he was alive, he published three collections of poems. In some of his poems, he strongly expresses his Turkish identity and thus managed to attract the attention of the Bulgarian Communist Party. He remained unemployed, but nevertheless he did not stop writing.He died in 1974 due to unknown circumstances. To this day, the cause of his death is unclear.
Recep Küpçü
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Early Life
Recep Küpçü was born on September 28, 1934 in the village of Kuklen, Plovdiv region. His parents were farmers. From an early age he felt love and interest in literature. He completed his primary and secondary education Kuklen and then moved firstly to the Kardzhali Turkish Pedagogical School and later at the Razgrad Pedagogical School. During his military service, he worked in the editorial office of the newspaper Trudovo delo as a journalist-correspondent. After completing his millitary service, Küpçü settled in his wife's hometown, Burgas.
Recep Küpçü
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Burgas
Just a few years after the exodus, in 1956, he moved with his wife, Cemile, to the Black Sea city of Burgas, where their three children were born - two boys and a girl. His first son, Ünal died st the age of 14 from cancer, and later his daughter, also at young age. Only Erdinç survived. In Burgas, he met famous Bulgarian writers such as Hristo Fotev, Iliya Burzhev, Stoycho Gotsev, Dimitar Velinov and Nedyalko Yordanov, with whom he established friendship. He built a particularly deep relationship with Nedyalko Yordanov. There he became a member of the Society of Writers in Burgas, and received the Burgas poetry award.
Recep Küpçü
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Burgas
He published two poetry books The questions continue (1962) and Life is not a dream (1965). It is known that he wanted to dedicate a book to his hometown Kuklen as well, but was unable to because of his untimely death. With great efforts on the part of Nedyalko Yordanov, another collection of poems called Friends of mine, let's go was printed in 1967 in Varna, but this time translated into Bulgarian. This made Küpçü one of the first Turkish authors translated into Bulgarian.
Recep Küpçü
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Burgas
In 1965, he had the chance to meet Turkish communist writers such as Yaşar Kemal, Aziz Nesin and Fakir Baykurt. According to Yordanov, they were all amazed by Küpçü's good Turkish, even though he had never studied the language.
Recep Küpçü
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Burgas
Although he and his wife, Cemile, were happy with the changes in their lives, rumors soon emerged that Recep was against the party and communist ideals. These rumors intensified after the publication of his second book. With the rise of his popularity, the strong presence of Turkish identity in his poetry, and rumours, Küpçü managed to attract the attention of the State Security officials. He was ordered to use the Bulgarian-Slavic suffixes "ov", "ev" after his name in 1968. Because of his refusal to do so, he began to attract the attention of State Security officials. He refused to send articles to the newspaper Nova Svetlina, as they will be published with Bulgarian suffixes. At that time, his Bulgarian colleagues reached out to him and tried to help him in every way, but to no avail; he did not manage to stay in different jobs for a long time.
Recep Küpçü
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Death
On April 26, 1976, he was called to Varna as an emergency. Shortly before leaving, he left a note for his wife saying that he will be back soon, but that did not happen. On the same day, Küpçü died, the cause of his death remaining unknown, as an autopsy was forbidden on his body. The authorities issued different versions of his death; at first it was said that he died of a stroke, and later that he was murdered by Turkish nationalists.
Recep Küpçü
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Death
After his death, the harassment of his family continued. His 16-year-old son Erdinç was often called to the militia and beaten continuously, and at the age of 20 he was imprisoned in Stara Zagora. During one visit to his mother in prison, Küpçü's house was raided and his manuscripts stolen. Vasil Angelov, head of the State Security department for artists, advised his poet friends not to deal with the already deceased Küpçü.
Recep Küpçü
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Death
To this day, the cause of his death remains unclear.
Recep Küpçü
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Poetry
Although he had never been to Turkey, Anatolia was influential in his poetry. South in his poetry symbolizes Turkey. In various poems, he uses metaphors such as "birds that smell like Anatolia" to express his love. His relatives and acquaintances say that he used to ask the Turkish sailors he met "to salute even the shadows of the Anatolian minarets." Istanbul likewise had a strong presence. Once, when he saw an Istanbulite, he told him that he is well acquainted with the city, since "since he was a child, he has been going there every night in his dreams." However, he does not feel hatred towards Bulgaria, and even creates poems dedicated to his homeland and perceives his country as a mother and himself as one of many sons. The duality is strongly expressed when he talks about his ethnicity, especially in his poem Kader (Destiny):
Recep Küpçü
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Poetry
Since he was born in Kuklen, located in the Rhodopes, the mountains are also present in his poetry. The sea is also an important symbol, as he spent a large part of his life in Burgas. Sea, sun, spring, birds, flowers, south are another common symbols in his poetry.
Recep Küpçü
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Poetry
In addition to being an active writer, he also works as a journalist for the newspapers "Trduovo delo" and "Nova svelitsa."
Recep Küpçü
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Legacy
In the village of Topchiysko, Burgas, there is a school named after him. A Turkish cultural center in Burgas also bears his name. There are numerous literary criticisms and analyzes of his works, both in Bulgarian and Turkish. Rıza Mollaoğlu describes him and his poetry as a light for all Turks living in Bulgaria. Some of his poems are studied at Turkish schools in Turkey. Every year his death is celebrated in different cities like Edirne, İzmir, and Burgas.
The Truth (Matana Roberts and Pat Thomas album)
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The Truth is a live album by saxophonist Matana Roberts and pianist Pat Thomas. Consisting of four improvised tracks, it was recorded on December 8, 2018, at Cafe Oto in London, and was released on vinyl in 2020 by the Otoroku label.
The Truth (Matana Roberts and Pat Thomas album)
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Reception
In an article for The Quietus, Peter Margasak noted the musicians' "sympathetic connection, with the reedist's innate lyricism blending beautifully with the keyboardist's more outward bound machinations," and stated: "their quicksilver adoptions of a quickly morphing sonic landscape keeps listeners on their edge of their seats... There's nothing tentative or unsure about their spontaneous dialogues, which pulsate with a real sense of community."
The Truth (Matana Roberts and Pat Thomas album)
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Reception
Phil Freeman of Stereogum called the album "terrific," noting that, at times, Thomas and Roberts "sound like Cecil Taylor and Jimmy Lyons, creative partners for more than 25 years." He commented: "Roberts and Thomas absolutely have their own individual and collective languages... this is a fascinating and thrilling encounter."
The Truth (Matana Roberts and Pat Thomas album)
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Reception
Writing for Point of Departure, David Grundy and Gabriel Bristow remarked: "Roberts and Thomas both will let a melodic statement ring out, consider it, repeat it, then develop in tandem. There's something suite-like about the music, despite its improvised nature, as they move in blocks of resonant mood and emotion... this is moving music, and an album you will listen to more than once."
The Truth (Matana Roberts and Pat Thomas album)
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Reception
Spectrum Culture's Jake Cole described the pair as "ideal dance partners for a duet," and wrote: "the two gel so well that the album could easily be pitched as a concise summary of either artist's career... the album could have come across as an attempt to match other seminal LP-length jazz classics, but there's never any sense that Roberts and Thomas are attempting to enter the canon, merely to do what jazz has always done: let one person leap out ahead to watch the other chart their own path to meet them."
The Truth (Matana Roberts and Pat Thomas album)
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Reception
A writer for Marlbank called the album "wonderful," and stated: "a key point is how two instrumentalists in the moment adapt their own vision to the other's not by submission but by comprehension and intuition, the two indistinguishable."
The Truth (Matana Roberts and Pat Thomas album)
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Reception
Anthony Osborne of A Jazz Noise included the album in his "2020 Picks," writing: "Two extraordinary musicians, alto sax and piano, just beautiful."
The Truth (Matana Roberts and Pat Thomas album)
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Reception
The Free Jazz Collective's Stef Gijssels commented: "the interaction is free in spirit, open-ended in their journey, but solidly anchored in jazz idioms... Roberts thrives by the interaction with Thomas, creating wonderful jubilant, playful, angry or moaning tunes, navigating with dexterity the sudden changes and new ideas in the pianist's approach, while managing to keep the continuity in her playing."
Mercado Central de Lima
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The Central Market of Lima (Spanish: Mercado Central de Lima) is the central market of the city of Lima, Peru. Located in the neighbourhood of Barrios Altos, next to Chinatown, it is part of the historic centre of the city.
Mercado Central de Lima
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The building is made up of a basement that occupies the entire block, with a commercial perimeter ring. The basement is divided into two sectors differentiated by half a level and connected by ramps. A building rests on it. It has two truck entrance ramps to the basement.
Mercado Central de Lima
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History
In 1846, during the government of President Ramón Castilla, a supreme decree was issued for the construction of a food market in the city of Lima. It was decided that its location would be the same as it currently occupies: the block surrounded by Huallaga, Andahuaylas, Ucayali and Ayacucho streets. The land was expropriated from the nuns of the nearby Convent of La Concepción. In 1852 the construction of what was called the Market of la Concepción (Spanish: Mercado de la Concepción) began, which remained standing until 1905 when it was rebuilt during the administration of the then mayor Federico Elguera. This building was destroyed by a fire on February 28, 1964 after a kitchen explosion.
Mercado Central de Lima
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History
After the tragedy, which generated the total destruction of the market, the government of Fernando Belaúnde Terry authorized a loan to the Municipality of Lima for the immediate construction of a new market. Architect Alfredo Dammert y Garrico Lecca were hired to lead the project. This decision was the opportunity for the construction in Lima of a market system that would serve the already enormous city of Lima. The reconstruction of the central market was accompanied by the construction of a wholesale and producers' market on the outskirts of the city (limit of the current districts of La Victoria and El Agustino) as well as 26 peripheral retail markets.
Mercado Central de Lima
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History
The new building was inaugurated on July 8, 1967 at a cost of S/. 90 million at the time and with an area of 12 thousand m and the capacity to house 950 sales positions. Additionally, it had 14 cold storage rooms, an unloading basement for 50 trucks and ramps for loading and unloading merchandise. During the 1980s, due to the conditions of political and economic crisis in the country, the market and its surrounding area were immersed in problems of disorder, overcrowding and insecurity. A situation that was corrected towards the end of the 1990s during the mayoralty of Alberto Andrade.
Battle of Taroun (2020)
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The Battle of Taroun is a battle between Niger and the Islamic State on December 21st 2020.
Battle of Taroun (2020)
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Battle
On the morning of Monday, December 21, a patrol of the Nigerien army falls into an ambush near Taroun, 57 kilometers northeast of Ouallam, near the Malian border. However, the jihadists are repelled, and the Nigerien military then launches a counterattack.
Battle of Taroun (2020)
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Aftermath
According to the statement from the Nigerien Ministry of Defense released on December 24, seven Nigerien soldiers were killed, two were injured in the confrontation, along with one civilian. Additionally, four jihadists were killed in the ambush, and seven others in the "counterattack." Motorcycles and weapons were also recovered.
Gabrielle Cavassa
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Gabrielle Cavassa is an American jazz vocalist.
Gabrielle Cavassa
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Background
Raised in Southern California, Cavassa won the Sarah Vaughan International Jazz Vocal Competition at the James Moody Jazz Festival in 2020.
Gabrielle Cavassa
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Background
Cavassa performed on Where Are We, a studio album by jazz saxophonist Joshua Redman and his first to feature vocals.
Mervyn Macartney
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Sir Mervyn Edmund Macartney (1853–1932) was a British architect who designed or contributed to a number of buildings and estates, mostly in London and the Home Counties. He was one of the founders of a short-lived crafts furniture firm, but is better known for his publications and his editorship of The Architectural Review. Elected to a number of architectural societies, Macartney held the position of Surveyor of the Fabric of St Paul's Cathedral from 1906 to 1931. He was knighted in 1930 for his services to architecture.
Mervyn Macartney
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Early life
Born in London on 16 September 1853 to an Irish family, Macartney spent his youth in County Armagh. Following his studies at Lincoln College, Oxford (1873–1877), he began his career as an architect with Richard Norman Shaw. After travels on the continent in Europe (he travelled in France, Italy and Germany), he began his own practice in around 1880 (sources vary on the exact date).
Mervyn Macartney
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Architectural practice
Examples of buildings and estates that Macartney worked on are Swaylands in the Kentish Weald, a rebuilding of St Leonard's Church, Downham in Lancashire, 169 Queen's Gate in South Kensington, London, St Leonard's, Shoreditch, in London, St James Garlickhythe in thhe City of London, and St John the Baptist, Egglescliffe in County Durham. As well as his architectural commissions, Macartney served as editor of The Architectural Review from 1905 to 1920.
Mervyn Macartney
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Arts and crafts
Along with his half-brother, British artist Carlile Henry Hayes Macartney, he was one of the founders of the Art Workers' Guild in 1884. Six years later in 1890, he was one of the co-founders of the furniture company Kenton & Co., based in Kenton Street, Bloomsbury, London. His co-founders were William Lethaby, Ernest Gimson, Reginald Blomfield and Sidney Barnsley. However, the business was disbanded two years later in 1892.
Mervyn Macartney
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Honours and later life
Positions and societies Macartney was elected to included: Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects (FRIBA), and Honorary Corresponding Member of the American Institute of Architects (AIA). Macartney died on 28 October 1932.
Singapore at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics
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Singapore is scheduled to compete at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics in Gangwon, South Korea, from January 19 to February 1, 2024. This will be Singapore's second appearance at the Winter Youth Olympic Games, having competed debuted at the previous edition in 2020.
Singapore at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics
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The Singaporean team consisted of two athletes (one per gender) competing in short track speed skating.
Singapore at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics
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Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors (per gender) participating at the games per sport/discipline.
Singapore at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics
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Short track speed skating
Singapore qualified two short track speed skaters (one per gender). Originally Singapore earned one quota, but was later awarded an additional quota as part of the reallocation of unused quota spots process.
Maddie Szeryk
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Maddie Szeryk (born 21 July 1996) is a Canadian professional golfer on the LPGA Tour.
Maddie Szeryk
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Early life and amateur career
Szeryk was born in Allen, Texas to parents who relocated from London, Ontario shortly after being married, and holds dual U.S. and Canadian citizenship. She got started with golf at the age of seven and was a long time member of Golf Canada's National Team Program.
Maddie Szeryk
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Early life and amateur career
In 2013, she won the Royale Cup Canadian Junior Championship by 14 strokes over Brooke M. Henderson, and in 2017 she won the Women's Western Amateur. She represented Canada at the 2014 Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing and twice at the Espirito Santo Trophy.
Maddie Szeryk
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Early life and amateur career
Szeryk played collegiate golf with the Texas A&M Aggies women's golf team at Texas A&M University between 2014 and 2018. She was SEC Freshman of the Year in 2015 and a three-time All-American. She won four tournaments and made hole-in-ones in her first and last collegiate events, before playing in the 2018 Arnold Palmer Cup.
Maddie Szeryk
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Professional career
Szeryk turned professional in the fall of 2018 and joined the Symetra Tour in 2019, where her best finish was runner-up at the 2019 Zimmer Biomet Championship, two strokes behind Nuria Iturrios of Spain. She won the 2020 Kingwood Island Championship on the Women's All Pro Tour.
Maddie Szeryk
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Professional career
In 2022, Szeryk joined the LPGA Tour after she finished T17 at LPGA Q-Series. In mid-2023 she climbed into the top-200 on the Women's World Golf Rankings for the first time after she tied for 7th at the LPGA Drive On Championship.
Maddie Szeryk
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Professional career
Half a year ahead of the 2024 Summer Olympics, Szeryk sat 50th in the qualification rankings, on course to represent Canada alongside Brooke M. Henderson, in competition with Maude-Aimée LeBlanc and Alena Sharp.
Maddie Szeryk
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Amateur wins
Source:
Maddie Szeryk
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Results in LPGA majors
Results not in chronological order.
Maddie Szeryk
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Results in LPGA majors
CUT = missed the half-way cut NT = No tournament T = tied
Maddie Szeryk
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Team appearances
Amateur
SAD Scheme
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SAD (Schedule "A" Defendant) Scheme is an abusive frivolous lawsuit which exploits logistical technicialities of federal copyright law regarding counterfeit goods, and in particular the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, such that the putative defendants have their funds frozen without ever having been notified of service of process. The victims are typically small on-line businesses, enough of whom settle for the racket to be profitable; the scam has been described as having "weaponized the legal system".
SAD Scheme
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The acronym is something of a misnomer inasmuch as the (typically numerous) businesses in each case are not listed as Defendants, but rather as "Exhibit 1", "Exhibit 2", and so on. "Schedule A" refers to this list, which the putative rights-owner plaintiffs file not only seperately from the complaint, but sealed, and with a different docket number. The plaintiffs then request an ex parte temporary restraining order (TRO) against the defendants’ allegedly infringing behavior, which is procedurally granted and which on-line marketplaces typically automatically obey. Thus the merchant may only learn of the (spurious) litigation once their on-line marketplace account has been frozen. Enough settle, or simply lose by default, for the sophisticated scheme to be profitable. It admits of several variations.
SAD Scheme
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Whilst at least one plaintiff has been charged with perpetuating fraud on the court, the racket is so novel, and relies so much on the automatic machinery of the courts, that institutional knowledge of it is not widespread. The victims are most often on-line merchants based in China, and most of the "litigation" has to date taken place in the Northern District of Illinois, with most of the remainder in the Southern District of Florida (a species of forum shopping).
SAD Scheme
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The racket has attracted scholary legal analysis.
Mahfud
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Mahfud may refer to:
2023 Belgorod incident
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On 30 December, 2023, The city of Belgorod, Russia was struck by missiles, killing 14 people and wounding over 100. Russia has stated that the strikes were perpetrated by Ukraine, but that has not been verified. Russia also reported that they had shot down drones in other Russian cities the same day. The incident occurred a day after Russia had struck multiple cities in Ukraine.
L'esercito del selfie
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"L'esercito del selfie" (lit. 'The selfie army') is a 2017 song by musical duo Takagi & Ketra, with vocals by Italian singers Lorenzo Fragola and Arisa. Written by Takagi and Ketra with Tommaso Paradiso, it was released on 16 June 2017.
L'esercito del selfie
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The song peaked at number 4 in the Italian singles chart and was certified triple platinum in Italy.
L'esercito del selfie
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Music video
A music video was released on 17 June 2017 via the YouTube channel of Takagi & Ketra. The video, starring Francesco Mandelli and Pippo Baudo, was directed by Gaetano Morbioli.
Battle of Ouraren (2011)
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The Battle of Ouraren is a battle between Niger and the Islamic State on 12 June 2011.
Battle of Ouraren (2011)
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Battle
On June 12, 2011, in Ouraren, 80 kilometers from Arlit, a patrol of the Nigerien National Guard surprises a group of fighters who had come from Libya, with three stationary pick-up trucks.
Battle of Ouraren (2011)
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Aftermath
The skirmish results in one casualty on each side, with 6 military personnel injured. The Nigerien forces seize one of the three pick-up trucks, loaded with 640 kg of explosives and 435 detonators. Additionally, they discover military uniforms and $90,000 in cash. The other two vehicles flee, pursued by the Nigerien forces.
Le Rat Mort
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Le Rat Mort ("The Dead Rat") was a popular cafe/restaurant in Paris in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Located in the Place Pigalle in the Montmartre District, it was frequented by artists, writers, actors, artist models, and prostitutes, and was a gathering place for lesbians in the evenings. Paintings and sketches inspired by the cafe and its customers included work by Toulouse Lautrec, Maxime Dethomas, Auguste Chabaud and Vlaminck Maurice.
Le Rat Mort
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1837-1850s: Origins
Le Rat Mort started in 1837 as Cafe Pigalle at 7 Place Pigalle in the Montmartre district of Paris. It was across the street from another bohemian cafe, the Nouvelle Athenes. Shortly after the newly renovated cafe opened, one of the intellectuals who was a regular at the Nouvelle Athens had an argument with the owner and brought his friends and his business across the street to the Cafe Pigalle. Because the material used to renovate the cafe had not yet dried, when the group entered the new cafe, someone said "It smells like a dead rat in here", and from then on the place was known as Le Rat Mort.
Le Rat Mort
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1837-1850s: Origins
Other origin stories say that a dead rat was found in the beer pump of the cafe, or that the rat was killed because it interrupted a secret lovers' tryst that was taking place in one of the cafe's private rooms.
Le Rat Mort
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1837-1850s: Origins
Charles Baudelaire one of the writers who frequented Le Rat Mort in the 1850s.
Le Rat Mort
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1837-1850s: Origins
When the cafe started, many of the women who visited the cafes and restaurants of Montmartre were artist models or prostitutes in search of customers, stemming from a tradition of artist models gathering at the fountain in the Place Pigalle to hire themselves out to artists.
Le Rat Mort
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1860s-1870s
In the 1860s-70s, the Rat Mort continued to be frequented by intellectuals and people in the arts. Customers of that time included poet Fernand Desnoyers, and writers Catulle Mendes,Henry Cantel Eugene Ceyras, Albert Merat, Leon Clodel and other poets of the Parnassian school of literature,
Le Rat Mort
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1860s-1870s
Some of the regulars of the Rat Mort were active in the short-lived revolutionary Paris Commune of 1871. After the fall of the commune, some did not return, but by 1874, the cafe was once again a gathering place for political and literary discussion.
Le Rat Mort
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1860s-1870s
By the 1870s, the cafe had also solidified its reputation as a "cafe au femmes", a "cafe for women." Women had begun gathering there since before the Paris commune, according to an 1889 article in the Paris Courier, which also published this two line poem:
Le Rat Mort
75,683,830
1860s-1870s
"Les Femmes s'en vont au Rat Mort/ Pour réveiller le chat qui dort"
Le Rat Mort
75,683,830
1860s-1870s
"(The women go to the Dead Rat/ to wake the sleeping cat)"
Le Rat Mort
75,683,830
1860s-1870s
The cafe's popularity with queer women led to lesbians sometimes being called "Dead Rats" because of their association with the cafe.
Le Rat Mort
75,683,830
1860s-1870s
Gay lovers Paul Verlaine and Arthur Rimbaud were also frequent visitors to the Rat Mort, whose official name was still the Cafe Pigalle. It was there that Rimbaud told Verlaine he wanted to show him 'an experiment' and asked him to extend his wrists. Rimbaud then stabbed Verlaine in the wrists with a knife.
Le Rat Mort
75,683,830
1880s-90s
A 1889 French newspaper review of the cafe/restaurant mentions the large rat painted on its ceiling by Leon Goupil , as well as its delicious onion soup, and describes it as a place that was frequented by celebrated artists and writers which had also always been a 'restaurant des femmes.'
Le Rat Mort
75,683,830
1880s-90s
By the 1890s the cafe was known "one of the oldest in Montmartre" and was frequented by artists of the era, including Degas and Toulouse Lautrec, as well as artist models and sex workers. It was famous for its Second Empire interior design, which included huge mirrors and elaborate gas lamps. The painter Faverot enhanced Goupil's painting of the ceiling rat by adding frescos of the four stages of a rat's life: Baptism, Wedding, Orgy, and Death. It had two doors, an official entrance and a back door to leave by.
Le Rat Mort
75,683,830
1880s-90s
Lautrec immortalized the cafe and one of its customers in " In a Private Dining Room At the Rat Mort." (1899) The painting shows a courtesan, possibly Lucy Jourdain, seated in an intimate room intended for liaisons with sex workers.
Le Rat Mort
75,683,830
1880s-90s
In the late 1890s, a group of Belgian writers gathered at the Rat Mort to enjoy themselves, and had such a good time that upon returning to Belgium some of them organized the first Dead Rat Ball in 1898, Le Bal du Rat mort, an annual philanthropic costume ball that continues in the 21st century.
Le Rat Mort
75,683,830
1900-1920s
In 1903, Le Rat Mort was described as "one of the most celebrated restaurants" in Paris, which specialized in after hours entertainment.