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[
""
] | easy | Kevin Ellison (footballer) played for which team from 2005 to 2006? | /wiki/Kevin_Ellison_(footballer)#P54#3 | Kevin Ellison ( footballer ) Kevin Ellison ( born 23 February 1979 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger for side Newport County . He has represented fourteen clubs during his career , making in excess of 550 appearances in the Football League ; including 350 games for Morecambe . Ellison also played once in the Premier League . During the 2019–20 season , Ellison briefly acted as a coach for Morecambe . Career . Born in Liverpool , Ellison started his career in non-league football , playing for Southport , Chorley , Conwy United and Altrincham . In February 2001 he joined Leicester City for a £50,000 fee . At Leicester he made his only appearance as a late substitute against Manchester United at Old Trafford . He later joined Stockport County . In 2004 , he was loaned out to Lincoln City . In August 2004 he was transferred to Chester City . Ellison signed for Hull City in January 2005 for a £100,000 fee . Despite a solid work rate he often struggled for form and was regularly in the shadow of Stuart Elliott , the Tigers most outstanding left winger of recent times . Ellison did score an individual goal away at Southampton in a 1–1 draw and was part of the 2004–05 team that gained promotion from the third tier to the Championship . In June 2006 , Hull accepted £100,000 for the player from Scunthorpe United , though Ellison refused the move . Instead he joined Tranmere Rovers for an undisclosed fee . In June 2007 he moved on to Chester City for £150,000 , signing a three-year contract . His first league game back at Chester was a goalless draw with Chesterfield on 11 August 2007 . In January 2008 Wrexham put in a five-figure offer for the player , though he did not make the move . Stockport County also attempted to win his signature , but were also unsuccessful . In the 2008–09 Football League Two campaign , Ellison scored a hat-trick for Chester in a 3–1 victory over Grimsby Town on 13 September 2008 . He scored 12 other league goals during the season , which still ended with the club being relegated from The Football League . On 11 August 2009 , he scored the winning goal as Rotherham upset Championship side Derby County 2–1 in the first round of the Football League Cup . In February 2011 , Ellison was loaned to Rotherhams fellow League Two side Bradford City , with Omar Daley moving in the opposite direction . He scored the only goal of a 1–0 win against Wycombe Wanderers in his Bradford debut . Ellison was released by Rotherham at the end of the 2010–2011 season . On 31 May 2011 , Ellison signed for Jim Bentleys Morecambe on a one-year contract . On 1 January 2012 , Ellison signed an extension to his Morecambe contract , which would keep him at the Globe Arena for a further 18 months . In June 2018 Ellison publicly talked about his struggles with depression , giving advice to fellow professionals . In November 2018 , a club-released YouTube video featuring Ellison challenging his online gaming speed stat gained notoriety when it was featured on the sports website Deadspin . He signed a new one-year contract with Morecambe in June 2019 . Following Jim Bentleys departure as manager on 28 October 2019 , Ellison assumed the role of caretaker player-manager , alongside Barry Roche . Ellisons only match in charge was the 1–0 home win against Leyton Orient in League Two on 2 November 2019 . Derek Adams was appointed Morecambe team manager on 7 November 2019 . In June 2020 , Ellison was released by Morecambe after 352 league appearances during nine years with the club . On 4 September 2020 , Ellison joined fellow League Two side Newport County on a one-year deal . For the 2020–21 season , Newport County appointed Ellison as their mental health ambassador . He made his debut for Newport on 6 October 2020 in the starting line up for the 5–0 EFL Trophy defeat against Norwich City Under 21s . His first goal for Newport was the 96th minute winner in a 1–0 League Two win against Port Vale on 21 November 2020 . When he came on as a substitute in the second leg of Newports play-off semi-final against Forest Green Rovers on 23 May 2021 , he became the oldest outfield player in play-off history . He scored a goal in the 70th minute , thus also becoming the oldest goal scorer in the play-offs . Ellison played for Newport in the League Two playoff final at Wembley Stadium on 31 May 2021 which Newport lost to Morecambe , 1-0 after a 107th minute penalty . External links . - Welsh Premier League stats |
[
"Morecambe"
] | easy | Which team did the player Kevin Ellison (footballer) belong to from 2011 to 2012? | /wiki/Kevin_Ellison_(footballer)#P54#4 | Kevin Ellison ( footballer ) Kevin Ellison ( born 23 February 1979 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger for side Newport County . He has represented fourteen clubs during his career , making in excess of 550 appearances in the Football League ; including 350 games for Morecambe . Ellison also played once in the Premier League . During the 2019–20 season , Ellison briefly acted as a coach for Morecambe . Career . Born in Liverpool , Ellison started his career in non-league football , playing for Southport , Chorley , Conwy United and Altrincham . In February 2001 he joined Leicester City for a £50,000 fee . At Leicester he made his only appearance as a late substitute against Manchester United at Old Trafford . He later joined Stockport County . In 2004 , he was loaned out to Lincoln City . In August 2004 he was transferred to Chester City . Ellison signed for Hull City in January 2005 for a £100,000 fee . Despite a solid work rate he often struggled for form and was regularly in the shadow of Stuart Elliott , the Tigers most outstanding left winger of recent times . Ellison did score an individual goal away at Southampton in a 1–1 draw and was part of the 2004–05 team that gained promotion from the third tier to the Championship . In June 2006 , Hull accepted £100,000 for the player from Scunthorpe United , though Ellison refused the move . Instead he joined Tranmere Rovers for an undisclosed fee . In June 2007 he moved on to Chester City for £150,000 , signing a three-year contract . His first league game back at Chester was a goalless draw with Chesterfield on 11 August 2007 . In January 2008 Wrexham put in a five-figure offer for the player , though he did not make the move . Stockport County also attempted to win his signature , but were also unsuccessful . In the 2008–09 Football League Two campaign , Ellison scored a hat-trick for Chester in a 3–1 victory over Grimsby Town on 13 September 2008 . He scored 12 other league goals during the season , which still ended with the club being relegated from The Football League . On 11 August 2009 , he scored the winning goal as Rotherham upset Championship side Derby County 2–1 in the first round of the Football League Cup . In February 2011 , Ellison was loaned to Rotherhams fellow League Two side Bradford City , with Omar Daley moving in the opposite direction . He scored the only goal of a 1–0 win against Wycombe Wanderers in his Bradford debut . Ellison was released by Rotherham at the end of the 2010–2011 season . On 31 May 2011 , Ellison signed for Jim Bentleys Morecambe on a one-year contract . On 1 January 2012 , Ellison signed an extension to his Morecambe contract , which would keep him at the Globe Arena for a further 18 months . In June 2018 Ellison publicly talked about his struggles with depression , giving advice to fellow professionals . In November 2018 , a club-released YouTube video featuring Ellison challenging his online gaming speed stat gained notoriety when it was featured on the sports website Deadspin . He signed a new one-year contract with Morecambe in June 2019 . Following Jim Bentleys departure as manager on 28 October 2019 , Ellison assumed the role of caretaker player-manager , alongside Barry Roche . Ellisons only match in charge was the 1–0 home win against Leyton Orient in League Two on 2 November 2019 . Derek Adams was appointed Morecambe team manager on 7 November 2019 . In June 2020 , Ellison was released by Morecambe after 352 league appearances during nine years with the club . On 4 September 2020 , Ellison joined fellow League Two side Newport County on a one-year deal . For the 2020–21 season , Newport County appointed Ellison as their mental health ambassador . He made his debut for Newport on 6 October 2020 in the starting line up for the 5–0 EFL Trophy defeat against Norwich City Under 21s . His first goal for Newport was the 96th minute winner in a 1–0 League Two win against Port Vale on 21 November 2020 . When he came on as a substitute in the second leg of Newports play-off semi-final against Forest Green Rovers on 23 May 2021 , he became the oldest outfield player in play-off history . He scored a goal in the 70th minute , thus also becoming the oldest goal scorer in the play-offs . Ellison played for Newport in the League Two playoff final at Wembley Stadium on 31 May 2021 which Newport lost to Morecambe , 1-0 after a 107th minute penalty . External links . - Welsh Premier League stats |
[
"Prime Minister of Estonia"
] | easy | What position did Edgar Savisaar take from Aug 1991 to 1992? | /wiki/Edgar_Savisaar#P39#0 | Edgar Savisaar Edgar Savisaar ( born 31 May 1950 ) is an Estonian politician , one of the founding members of Popular Front of Estonia and the Centre Party . He has served as the acting Prime Minister of Estonia , Minister of the Interior , Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications and mayor of Tallinn . Early life and parents . Savisaar was born to Edgar and Marie Savisaar ( née Burešin ) , who lived in Vastse-Kuuste . His mother was born in what in 1920 became Petseri county . In 1949 , his parents wanted to leave the local kolkhoz with their livestock , this resulted in a physical conflict . Both were arrested on charges of seizing public property , tax evasion and assault . Elmar was sentenced 15 years ( freed in 1952 ) and Marie Burešin 5 years ( freed in 1950 ) in prison . Marie gave birth to Edgar in Harku womens prison while serving the sentence . The mother and newborn were released the same year after being pardoned and they returned to Vastse-Kuuse . Education . After graduating from high school , Savisaar continued his studies at the University of Tartu . In 1973 , he graduated from the university with a degree in history . In 1980 , he wrote his candidate thesis in philosophy on the topic Social Philosophical Foundations of the Global Models of the Club of Rome . Career . From 1980 to 1988 , Savisaar worked in the Soviet Estonian governmental institutions dealing with the planning of economy . During 1988–1989 , he was the academic director for the consultation company Mainor . In April he co-established the Popular Front ( Rahvarinne ) which became the first political mass organization in Soviet Union outside Communist Party after 1920 . Initially formed to support perestroika Popular Front started increasingly develop ideas of Estonian national independence and created so called Singing Revolution phenomenon . The process with several others lead to dissolution of Soviet Union ultimately . In 1989 , he became the Vice-Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Estonian SSR and the Head of the State Plan Committee . In 1990 , he was the Minister of Economic Affairs . On 3 April 1990 , he was appointed the Chairman of the Council of Ministers . When Estonia declared its independence on 20 August 1991 , he became the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Estonia . His government was in office until 29 January 1992 , when he resigned after supplementary problems and a continuing decline in economy . Most of his governing time was characterized by hyperinflation and ever increasing deficit of goods . Purchase cards and ration stamps were introduced . During the winter of 1991/1992 preparations were made to evacuate the dormitory regions of Tallinn due to shortage of fuel . On 31 December 1991 , people stood for hours in the bread queues , many were eventually left without bread . In January 1992 , butter disappeared from the shops . Savisaar managed to win a vote of non-confidence , being mostly supported by his Popular Front , left-wing parties and the Intermovement , but stepped down when it turned out impossible to introduce a state of emergency . He was replaced by a technocratic government under Tiit Vähi . From 1992 until 1995 , Savisaar was the Vice-Speaker of the Estonian Parliament ( Riigikogu ) . From 17 April to 6 November 1995 , he was the Minister for Internal Affairs . When he was accused of recording private conversations of other politicians , the entire government faltered . Although his participation in the recordings was never proved , he announced his intention to leave politics . However , in 1996 , he participated in the elections of the Riigikogu and became the chairman of the Tallinn City Council . His return to the Centre Party leaders post evoked a split , as some leading members disillusioned with Savisaars leadership style left to found Arengupartei . From 2001 to 14 October 2004 , he was mayor of Tallinn . On 11 April 2005 , he became Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications in the new coalition of Prime Minister Andrus Ansip and worked in the post until March 2007 . Since 2007 he has been mayor of Tallinn , the capital of Estonia . Edgar Savisaar and Estonia Peoples Union leader Villu Reiljan jointly supported Arnold Rüütels candidature for presidency in August–September 2006 ; Toomas Hendrik Ilves was elected though , a choice criticised by Savisaar and attributed by him to alleged hostile media and partisan lawmakers . Savisaar refused to congratulate the winner . In 2016 , the discussion on electing a new leader escalated in the Centre Party and an extraordinary party congress was called for November . MP Jüri Ratas was the first to announce his candidacy , after which four others followed , including Yana Toom . Even though Savisaar first announced his candidacy , he later announced that he would not participate the leadership election and instead endorsed Toom . Savisaar has published four books . He has received the Order of the National Coat of Arms 2nd Class in 2001 and 1st Class in 2006 from Estonia and the Order of the Three Stars 2nd Class in 2005 from Latvia . Controversy . Savisaar is one of the most controversial politicians in Estonia . While some people , including many from the Russian-speaking minority , see him as a defender of the poor , his political opponents accuse him of authoritarianism , nepotism , corruption , destructive intrigues , and having close ties with some Russian politicians . The latter accusation has been fuelled by the Centre Partys collaboration agreement with Putins United Russia party , particularly since the agreements content has not been made public . Savisaar is often associated with using Machiavellian politics and deals to achieve his goals , such as taping other politicians , which caused the so-called tape scandal in 1995 ; and while being the mayor of the Estonian capital Tallinn , real-estate deals that were good for the members of the Centre Party , but were bad for the town . Bronze Soldier . During the events surrounding the Bronze Soldier , Edgar Savisaar spoke out against the removal of the monument and accused Andrus Ansip of deliberate attempts of splitting the Estonian society by provoking the Russian minority . In response to this many government officials and public figures have stated distrust and disrespect towards him . In relation to his reactions to the Bronze Soldier controversy , the Estonian Patriotic Movement created on 29 April 2007 an online petition website www.mahasavisaar.com to suggest resignation of Savisaars position as the Mayor of Tallinn . It ended on 9 May 2007 and had collected 98,200 e-mail addresses ( not signatures , although organizers of petition claimed so ) . In 2009 being a candidate for EP elections collected a 103506 votes in closed list system . Bribery allegations . On 17 July 2015 , Estonian Internal Security Service launched a criminal investigation on Savisaar and six others in relation to bribery allegations . He is suspected of accepting bribes with a value of hundreds of thousands of euros in 2014 and 2015 on behalf of himself and Estonian Centre Party . It was later revealed that Savisaar was also suspected of corruption and money laundering . Because of the ongoing investigation , Savisaar was suspended from mayors office on 30 September 2015 . His original trial commenced in Harju County Court in June 2017 . The county court ended the proceedings in June 2018 due to Savisaars medical condition , however in August a higher circuit court ordered for the trial to resume . In December 2018 , the Supreme Court of Estonia annulled the ruling of the circuit court , thus releasing Savisaar from criminal proceedings . Personal life . Edgar Savisaar has been married three times and is the father of four children . From his marriage to Kaire Savisaar he has a son Erki Savisaar , who is a Centre Party a politician . From his marriage to Liis Remmel ( then Liis Savisaar ) , he has a daughter Maria and son Erki . The last marriage was to Vilja Toomast ( then Vilja Savisaar ) , who is also an Estonian politician . They had a daughter , Rosina . The couple announced their separation and divorce in December 2009 . In March 2015 , Savisaar was hospitalized due to an infection of Streptococcus bacteria in his right leg which had to be amputated above the knee . He contracted the disease during a trip in Thailand . External links . - CityMayors profile - 16 . December 2010 , err.ee , Tallinn Mayor an Agent of Russian Influence , Alleges Leaked Intelligence |
[
"Minister of the Interior"
] | easy | What position did Edgar Savisaar take from Apr 1995 to Oct 1995? | /wiki/Edgar_Savisaar#P39#1 | Edgar Savisaar Edgar Savisaar ( born 31 May 1950 ) is an Estonian politician , one of the founding members of Popular Front of Estonia and the Centre Party . He has served as the acting Prime Minister of Estonia , Minister of the Interior , Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications and mayor of Tallinn . Early life and parents . Savisaar was born to Edgar and Marie Savisaar ( née Burešin ) , who lived in Vastse-Kuuste . His mother was born in what in 1920 became Petseri county . In 1949 , his parents wanted to leave the local kolkhoz with their livestock , this resulted in a physical conflict . Both were arrested on charges of seizing public property , tax evasion and assault . Elmar was sentenced 15 years ( freed in 1952 ) and Marie Burešin 5 years ( freed in 1950 ) in prison . Marie gave birth to Edgar in Harku womens prison while serving the sentence . The mother and newborn were released the same year after being pardoned and they returned to Vastse-Kuuse . Education . After graduating from high school , Savisaar continued his studies at the University of Tartu . In 1973 , he graduated from the university with a degree in history . In 1980 , he wrote his candidate thesis in philosophy on the topic Social Philosophical Foundations of the Global Models of the Club of Rome . Career . From 1980 to 1988 , Savisaar worked in the Soviet Estonian governmental institutions dealing with the planning of economy . During 1988–1989 , he was the academic director for the consultation company Mainor . In April he co-established the Popular Front ( Rahvarinne ) which became the first political mass organization in Soviet Union outside Communist Party after 1920 . Initially formed to support perestroika Popular Front started increasingly develop ideas of Estonian national independence and created so called Singing Revolution phenomenon . The process with several others lead to dissolution of Soviet Union ultimately . In 1989 , he became the Vice-Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Estonian SSR and the Head of the State Plan Committee . In 1990 , he was the Minister of Economic Affairs . On 3 April 1990 , he was appointed the Chairman of the Council of Ministers . When Estonia declared its independence on 20 August 1991 , he became the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Estonia . His government was in office until 29 January 1992 , when he resigned after supplementary problems and a continuing decline in economy . Most of his governing time was characterized by hyperinflation and ever increasing deficit of goods . Purchase cards and ration stamps were introduced . During the winter of 1991/1992 preparations were made to evacuate the dormitory regions of Tallinn due to shortage of fuel . On 31 December 1991 , people stood for hours in the bread queues , many were eventually left without bread . In January 1992 , butter disappeared from the shops . Savisaar managed to win a vote of non-confidence , being mostly supported by his Popular Front , left-wing parties and the Intermovement , but stepped down when it turned out impossible to introduce a state of emergency . He was replaced by a technocratic government under Tiit Vähi . From 1992 until 1995 , Savisaar was the Vice-Speaker of the Estonian Parliament ( Riigikogu ) . From 17 April to 6 November 1995 , he was the Minister for Internal Affairs . When he was accused of recording private conversations of other politicians , the entire government faltered . Although his participation in the recordings was never proved , he announced his intention to leave politics . However , in 1996 , he participated in the elections of the Riigikogu and became the chairman of the Tallinn City Council . His return to the Centre Party leaders post evoked a split , as some leading members disillusioned with Savisaars leadership style left to found Arengupartei . From 2001 to 14 October 2004 , he was mayor of Tallinn . On 11 April 2005 , he became Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications in the new coalition of Prime Minister Andrus Ansip and worked in the post until March 2007 . Since 2007 he has been mayor of Tallinn , the capital of Estonia . Edgar Savisaar and Estonia Peoples Union leader Villu Reiljan jointly supported Arnold Rüütels candidature for presidency in August–September 2006 ; Toomas Hendrik Ilves was elected though , a choice criticised by Savisaar and attributed by him to alleged hostile media and partisan lawmakers . Savisaar refused to congratulate the winner . In 2016 , the discussion on electing a new leader escalated in the Centre Party and an extraordinary party congress was called for November . MP Jüri Ratas was the first to announce his candidacy , after which four others followed , including Yana Toom . Even though Savisaar first announced his candidacy , he later announced that he would not participate the leadership election and instead endorsed Toom . Savisaar has published four books . He has received the Order of the National Coat of Arms 2nd Class in 2001 and 1st Class in 2006 from Estonia and the Order of the Three Stars 2nd Class in 2005 from Latvia . Controversy . Savisaar is one of the most controversial politicians in Estonia . While some people , including many from the Russian-speaking minority , see him as a defender of the poor , his political opponents accuse him of authoritarianism , nepotism , corruption , destructive intrigues , and having close ties with some Russian politicians . The latter accusation has been fuelled by the Centre Partys collaboration agreement with Putins United Russia party , particularly since the agreements content has not been made public . Savisaar is often associated with using Machiavellian politics and deals to achieve his goals , such as taping other politicians , which caused the so-called tape scandal in 1995 ; and while being the mayor of the Estonian capital Tallinn , real-estate deals that were good for the members of the Centre Party , but were bad for the town . Bronze Soldier . During the events surrounding the Bronze Soldier , Edgar Savisaar spoke out against the removal of the monument and accused Andrus Ansip of deliberate attempts of splitting the Estonian society by provoking the Russian minority . In response to this many government officials and public figures have stated distrust and disrespect towards him . In relation to his reactions to the Bronze Soldier controversy , the Estonian Patriotic Movement created on 29 April 2007 an online petition website www.mahasavisaar.com to suggest resignation of Savisaars position as the Mayor of Tallinn . It ended on 9 May 2007 and had collected 98,200 e-mail addresses ( not signatures , although organizers of petition claimed so ) . In 2009 being a candidate for EP elections collected a 103506 votes in closed list system . Bribery allegations . On 17 July 2015 , Estonian Internal Security Service launched a criminal investigation on Savisaar and six others in relation to bribery allegations . He is suspected of accepting bribes with a value of hundreds of thousands of euros in 2014 and 2015 on behalf of himself and Estonian Centre Party . It was later revealed that Savisaar was also suspected of corruption and money laundering . Because of the ongoing investigation , Savisaar was suspended from mayors office on 30 September 2015 . His original trial commenced in Harju County Court in June 2017 . The county court ended the proceedings in June 2018 due to Savisaars medical condition , however in August a higher circuit court ordered for the trial to resume . In December 2018 , the Supreme Court of Estonia annulled the ruling of the circuit court , thus releasing Savisaar from criminal proceedings . Personal life . Edgar Savisaar has been married three times and is the father of four children . From his marriage to Kaire Savisaar he has a son Erki Savisaar , who is a Centre Party a politician . From his marriage to Liis Remmel ( then Liis Savisaar ) , he has a daughter Maria and son Erki . The last marriage was to Vilja Toomast ( then Vilja Savisaar ) , who is also an Estonian politician . They had a daughter , Rosina . The couple announced their separation and divorce in December 2009 . In March 2015 , Savisaar was hospitalized due to an infection of Streptococcus bacteria in his right leg which had to be amputated above the knee . He contracted the disease during a trip in Thailand . External links . - CityMayors profile - 16 . December 2010 , err.ee , Tallinn Mayor an Agent of Russian Influence , Alleges Leaked Intelligence |
[
"mayor of Tallinn"
] | easy | Edgar Savisaar took which position from 2001 to 2004? | /wiki/Edgar_Savisaar#P39#2 | Edgar Savisaar Edgar Savisaar ( born 31 May 1950 ) is an Estonian politician , one of the founding members of Popular Front of Estonia and the Centre Party . He has served as the acting Prime Minister of Estonia , Minister of the Interior , Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications and mayor of Tallinn . Early life and parents . Savisaar was born to Edgar and Marie Savisaar ( née Burešin ) , who lived in Vastse-Kuuste . His mother was born in what in 1920 became Petseri county . In 1949 , his parents wanted to leave the local kolkhoz with their livestock , this resulted in a physical conflict . Both were arrested on charges of seizing public property , tax evasion and assault . Elmar was sentenced 15 years ( freed in 1952 ) and Marie Burešin 5 years ( freed in 1950 ) in prison . Marie gave birth to Edgar in Harku womens prison while serving the sentence . The mother and newborn were released the same year after being pardoned and they returned to Vastse-Kuuse . Education . After graduating from high school , Savisaar continued his studies at the University of Tartu . In 1973 , he graduated from the university with a degree in history . In 1980 , he wrote his candidate thesis in philosophy on the topic Social Philosophical Foundations of the Global Models of the Club of Rome . Career . From 1980 to 1988 , Savisaar worked in the Soviet Estonian governmental institutions dealing with the planning of economy . During 1988–1989 , he was the academic director for the consultation company Mainor . In April he co-established the Popular Front ( Rahvarinne ) which became the first political mass organization in Soviet Union outside Communist Party after 1920 . Initially formed to support perestroika Popular Front started increasingly develop ideas of Estonian national independence and created so called Singing Revolution phenomenon . The process with several others lead to dissolution of Soviet Union ultimately . In 1989 , he became the Vice-Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Estonian SSR and the Head of the State Plan Committee . In 1990 , he was the Minister of Economic Affairs . On 3 April 1990 , he was appointed the Chairman of the Council of Ministers . When Estonia declared its independence on 20 August 1991 , he became the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Estonia . His government was in office until 29 January 1992 , when he resigned after supplementary problems and a continuing decline in economy . Most of his governing time was characterized by hyperinflation and ever increasing deficit of goods . Purchase cards and ration stamps were introduced . During the winter of 1991/1992 preparations were made to evacuate the dormitory regions of Tallinn due to shortage of fuel . On 31 December 1991 , people stood for hours in the bread queues , many were eventually left without bread . In January 1992 , butter disappeared from the shops . Savisaar managed to win a vote of non-confidence , being mostly supported by his Popular Front , left-wing parties and the Intermovement , but stepped down when it turned out impossible to introduce a state of emergency . He was replaced by a technocratic government under Tiit Vähi . From 1992 until 1995 , Savisaar was the Vice-Speaker of the Estonian Parliament ( Riigikogu ) . From 17 April to 6 November 1995 , he was the Minister for Internal Affairs . When he was accused of recording private conversations of other politicians , the entire government faltered . Although his participation in the recordings was never proved , he announced his intention to leave politics . However , in 1996 , he participated in the elections of the Riigikogu and became the chairman of the Tallinn City Council . His return to the Centre Party leaders post evoked a split , as some leading members disillusioned with Savisaars leadership style left to found Arengupartei . From 2001 to 14 October 2004 , he was mayor of Tallinn . On 11 April 2005 , he became Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications in the new coalition of Prime Minister Andrus Ansip and worked in the post until March 2007 . Since 2007 he has been mayor of Tallinn , the capital of Estonia . Edgar Savisaar and Estonia Peoples Union leader Villu Reiljan jointly supported Arnold Rüütels candidature for presidency in August–September 2006 ; Toomas Hendrik Ilves was elected though , a choice criticised by Savisaar and attributed by him to alleged hostile media and partisan lawmakers . Savisaar refused to congratulate the winner . In 2016 , the discussion on electing a new leader escalated in the Centre Party and an extraordinary party congress was called for November . MP Jüri Ratas was the first to announce his candidacy , after which four others followed , including Yana Toom . Even though Savisaar first announced his candidacy , he later announced that he would not participate the leadership election and instead endorsed Toom . Savisaar has published four books . He has received the Order of the National Coat of Arms 2nd Class in 2001 and 1st Class in 2006 from Estonia and the Order of the Three Stars 2nd Class in 2005 from Latvia . Controversy . Savisaar is one of the most controversial politicians in Estonia . While some people , including many from the Russian-speaking minority , see him as a defender of the poor , his political opponents accuse him of authoritarianism , nepotism , corruption , destructive intrigues , and having close ties with some Russian politicians . The latter accusation has been fuelled by the Centre Partys collaboration agreement with Putins United Russia party , particularly since the agreements content has not been made public . Savisaar is often associated with using Machiavellian politics and deals to achieve his goals , such as taping other politicians , which caused the so-called tape scandal in 1995 ; and while being the mayor of the Estonian capital Tallinn , real-estate deals that were good for the members of the Centre Party , but were bad for the town . Bronze Soldier . During the events surrounding the Bronze Soldier , Edgar Savisaar spoke out against the removal of the monument and accused Andrus Ansip of deliberate attempts of splitting the Estonian society by provoking the Russian minority . In response to this many government officials and public figures have stated distrust and disrespect towards him . In relation to his reactions to the Bronze Soldier controversy , the Estonian Patriotic Movement created on 29 April 2007 an online petition website www.mahasavisaar.com to suggest resignation of Savisaars position as the Mayor of Tallinn . It ended on 9 May 2007 and had collected 98,200 e-mail addresses ( not signatures , although organizers of petition claimed so ) . In 2009 being a candidate for EP elections collected a 103506 votes in closed list system . Bribery allegations . On 17 July 2015 , Estonian Internal Security Service launched a criminal investigation on Savisaar and six others in relation to bribery allegations . He is suspected of accepting bribes with a value of hundreds of thousands of euros in 2014 and 2015 on behalf of himself and Estonian Centre Party . It was later revealed that Savisaar was also suspected of corruption and money laundering . Because of the ongoing investigation , Savisaar was suspended from mayors office on 30 September 2015 . His original trial commenced in Harju County Court in June 2017 . The county court ended the proceedings in June 2018 due to Savisaars medical condition , however in August a higher circuit court ordered for the trial to resume . In December 2018 , the Supreme Court of Estonia annulled the ruling of the circuit court , thus releasing Savisaar from criminal proceedings . Personal life . Edgar Savisaar has been married three times and is the father of four children . From his marriage to Kaire Savisaar he has a son Erki Savisaar , who is a Centre Party a politician . From his marriage to Liis Remmel ( then Liis Savisaar ) , he has a daughter Maria and son Erki . The last marriage was to Vilja Toomast ( then Vilja Savisaar ) , who is also an Estonian politician . They had a daughter , Rosina . The couple announced their separation and divorce in December 2009 . In March 2015 , Savisaar was hospitalized due to an infection of Streptococcus bacteria in his right leg which had to be amputated above the knee . He contracted the disease during a trip in Thailand . External links . - CityMayors profile - 16 . December 2010 , err.ee , Tallinn Mayor an Agent of Russian Influence , Alleges Leaked Intelligence |
[
"Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications"
] | easy | What was the position of Edgar Savisaar from Apr 2005 to Apr 2007? | /wiki/Edgar_Savisaar#P39#3 | Edgar Savisaar Edgar Savisaar ( born 31 May 1950 ) is an Estonian politician , one of the founding members of Popular Front of Estonia and the Centre Party . He has served as the acting Prime Minister of Estonia , Minister of the Interior , Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications and mayor of Tallinn . Early life and parents . Savisaar was born to Edgar and Marie Savisaar ( née Burešin ) , who lived in Vastse-Kuuste . His mother was born in what in 1920 became Petseri county . In 1949 , his parents wanted to leave the local kolkhoz with their livestock , this resulted in a physical conflict . Both were arrested on charges of seizing public property , tax evasion and assault . Elmar was sentenced 15 years ( freed in 1952 ) and Marie Burešin 5 years ( freed in 1950 ) in prison . Marie gave birth to Edgar in Harku womens prison while serving the sentence . The mother and newborn were released the same year after being pardoned and they returned to Vastse-Kuuse . Education . After graduating from high school , Savisaar continued his studies at the University of Tartu . In 1973 , he graduated from the university with a degree in history . In 1980 , he wrote his candidate thesis in philosophy on the topic Social Philosophical Foundations of the Global Models of the Club of Rome . Career . From 1980 to 1988 , Savisaar worked in the Soviet Estonian governmental institutions dealing with the planning of economy . During 1988–1989 , he was the academic director for the consultation company Mainor . In April he co-established the Popular Front ( Rahvarinne ) which became the first political mass organization in Soviet Union outside Communist Party after 1920 . Initially formed to support perestroika Popular Front started increasingly develop ideas of Estonian national independence and created so called Singing Revolution phenomenon . The process with several others lead to dissolution of Soviet Union ultimately . In 1989 , he became the Vice-Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Estonian SSR and the Head of the State Plan Committee . In 1990 , he was the Minister of Economic Affairs . On 3 April 1990 , he was appointed the Chairman of the Council of Ministers . When Estonia declared its independence on 20 August 1991 , he became the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Estonia . His government was in office until 29 January 1992 , when he resigned after supplementary problems and a continuing decline in economy . Most of his governing time was characterized by hyperinflation and ever increasing deficit of goods . Purchase cards and ration stamps were introduced . During the winter of 1991/1992 preparations were made to evacuate the dormitory regions of Tallinn due to shortage of fuel . On 31 December 1991 , people stood for hours in the bread queues , many were eventually left without bread . In January 1992 , butter disappeared from the shops . Savisaar managed to win a vote of non-confidence , being mostly supported by his Popular Front , left-wing parties and the Intermovement , but stepped down when it turned out impossible to introduce a state of emergency . He was replaced by a technocratic government under Tiit Vähi . From 1992 until 1995 , Savisaar was the Vice-Speaker of the Estonian Parliament ( Riigikogu ) . From 17 April to 6 November 1995 , he was the Minister for Internal Affairs . When he was accused of recording private conversations of other politicians , the entire government faltered . Although his participation in the recordings was never proved , he announced his intention to leave politics . However , in 1996 , he participated in the elections of the Riigikogu and became the chairman of the Tallinn City Council . His return to the Centre Party leaders post evoked a split , as some leading members disillusioned with Savisaars leadership style left to found Arengupartei . From 2001 to 14 October 2004 , he was mayor of Tallinn . On 11 April 2005 , he became Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications in the new coalition of Prime Minister Andrus Ansip and worked in the post until March 2007 . Since 2007 he has been mayor of Tallinn , the capital of Estonia . Edgar Savisaar and Estonia Peoples Union leader Villu Reiljan jointly supported Arnold Rüütels candidature for presidency in August–September 2006 ; Toomas Hendrik Ilves was elected though , a choice criticised by Savisaar and attributed by him to alleged hostile media and partisan lawmakers . Savisaar refused to congratulate the winner . In 2016 , the discussion on electing a new leader escalated in the Centre Party and an extraordinary party congress was called for November . MP Jüri Ratas was the first to announce his candidacy , after which four others followed , including Yana Toom . Even though Savisaar first announced his candidacy , he later announced that he would not participate the leadership election and instead endorsed Toom . Savisaar has published four books . He has received the Order of the National Coat of Arms 2nd Class in 2001 and 1st Class in 2006 from Estonia and the Order of the Three Stars 2nd Class in 2005 from Latvia . Controversy . Savisaar is one of the most controversial politicians in Estonia . While some people , including many from the Russian-speaking minority , see him as a defender of the poor , his political opponents accuse him of authoritarianism , nepotism , corruption , destructive intrigues , and having close ties with some Russian politicians . The latter accusation has been fuelled by the Centre Partys collaboration agreement with Putins United Russia party , particularly since the agreements content has not been made public . Savisaar is often associated with using Machiavellian politics and deals to achieve his goals , such as taping other politicians , which caused the so-called tape scandal in 1995 ; and while being the mayor of the Estonian capital Tallinn , real-estate deals that were good for the members of the Centre Party , but were bad for the town . Bronze Soldier . During the events surrounding the Bronze Soldier , Edgar Savisaar spoke out against the removal of the monument and accused Andrus Ansip of deliberate attempts of splitting the Estonian society by provoking the Russian minority . In response to this many government officials and public figures have stated distrust and disrespect towards him . In relation to his reactions to the Bronze Soldier controversy , the Estonian Patriotic Movement created on 29 April 2007 an online petition website www.mahasavisaar.com to suggest resignation of Savisaars position as the Mayor of Tallinn . It ended on 9 May 2007 and had collected 98,200 e-mail addresses ( not signatures , although organizers of petition claimed so ) . In 2009 being a candidate for EP elections collected a 103506 votes in closed list system . Bribery allegations . On 17 July 2015 , Estonian Internal Security Service launched a criminal investigation on Savisaar and six others in relation to bribery allegations . He is suspected of accepting bribes with a value of hundreds of thousands of euros in 2014 and 2015 on behalf of himself and Estonian Centre Party . It was later revealed that Savisaar was also suspected of corruption and money laundering . Because of the ongoing investigation , Savisaar was suspended from mayors office on 30 September 2015 . His original trial commenced in Harju County Court in June 2017 . The county court ended the proceedings in June 2018 due to Savisaars medical condition , however in August a higher circuit court ordered for the trial to resume . In December 2018 , the Supreme Court of Estonia annulled the ruling of the circuit court , thus releasing Savisaar from criminal proceedings . Personal life . Edgar Savisaar has been married three times and is the father of four children . From his marriage to Kaire Savisaar he has a son Erki Savisaar , who is a Centre Party a politician . From his marriage to Liis Remmel ( then Liis Savisaar ) , he has a daughter Maria and son Erki . The last marriage was to Vilja Toomast ( then Vilja Savisaar ) , who is also an Estonian politician . They had a daughter , Rosina . The couple announced their separation and divorce in December 2009 . In March 2015 , Savisaar was hospitalized due to an infection of Streptococcus bacteria in his right leg which had to be amputated above the knee . He contracted the disease during a trip in Thailand . External links . - CityMayors profile - 16 . December 2010 , err.ee , Tallinn Mayor an Agent of Russian Influence , Alleges Leaked Intelligence |
[
"mayor of Tallinn"
] | easy | Edgar Savisaar took which position from Apr 2007 to Mar 2011? | /wiki/Edgar_Savisaar#P39#4 | Edgar Savisaar Edgar Savisaar ( born 31 May 1950 ) is an Estonian politician , one of the founding members of Popular Front of Estonia and the Centre Party . He has served as the acting Prime Minister of Estonia , Minister of the Interior , Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications and mayor of Tallinn . Early life and parents . Savisaar was born to Edgar and Marie Savisaar ( née Burešin ) , who lived in Vastse-Kuuste . His mother was born in what in 1920 became Petseri county . In 1949 , his parents wanted to leave the local kolkhoz with their livestock , this resulted in a physical conflict . Both were arrested on charges of seizing public property , tax evasion and assault . Elmar was sentenced 15 years ( freed in 1952 ) and Marie Burešin 5 years ( freed in 1950 ) in prison . Marie gave birth to Edgar in Harku womens prison while serving the sentence . The mother and newborn were released the same year after being pardoned and they returned to Vastse-Kuuse . Education . After graduating from high school , Savisaar continued his studies at the University of Tartu . In 1973 , he graduated from the university with a degree in history . In 1980 , he wrote his candidate thesis in philosophy on the topic Social Philosophical Foundations of the Global Models of the Club of Rome . Career . From 1980 to 1988 , Savisaar worked in the Soviet Estonian governmental institutions dealing with the planning of economy . During 1988–1989 , he was the academic director for the consultation company Mainor . In April he co-established the Popular Front ( Rahvarinne ) which became the first political mass organization in Soviet Union outside Communist Party after 1920 . Initially formed to support perestroika Popular Front started increasingly develop ideas of Estonian national independence and created so called Singing Revolution phenomenon . The process with several others lead to dissolution of Soviet Union ultimately . In 1989 , he became the Vice-Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Estonian SSR and the Head of the State Plan Committee . In 1990 , he was the Minister of Economic Affairs . On 3 April 1990 , he was appointed the Chairman of the Council of Ministers . When Estonia declared its independence on 20 August 1991 , he became the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Estonia . His government was in office until 29 January 1992 , when he resigned after supplementary problems and a continuing decline in economy . Most of his governing time was characterized by hyperinflation and ever increasing deficit of goods . Purchase cards and ration stamps were introduced . During the winter of 1991/1992 preparations were made to evacuate the dormitory regions of Tallinn due to shortage of fuel . On 31 December 1991 , people stood for hours in the bread queues , many were eventually left without bread . In January 1992 , butter disappeared from the shops . Savisaar managed to win a vote of non-confidence , being mostly supported by his Popular Front , left-wing parties and the Intermovement , but stepped down when it turned out impossible to introduce a state of emergency . He was replaced by a technocratic government under Tiit Vähi . From 1992 until 1995 , Savisaar was the Vice-Speaker of the Estonian Parliament ( Riigikogu ) . From 17 April to 6 November 1995 , he was the Minister for Internal Affairs . When he was accused of recording private conversations of other politicians , the entire government faltered . Although his participation in the recordings was never proved , he announced his intention to leave politics . However , in 1996 , he participated in the elections of the Riigikogu and became the chairman of the Tallinn City Council . His return to the Centre Party leaders post evoked a split , as some leading members disillusioned with Savisaars leadership style left to found Arengupartei . From 2001 to 14 October 2004 , he was mayor of Tallinn . On 11 April 2005 , he became Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications in the new coalition of Prime Minister Andrus Ansip and worked in the post until March 2007 . Since 2007 he has been mayor of Tallinn , the capital of Estonia . Edgar Savisaar and Estonia Peoples Union leader Villu Reiljan jointly supported Arnold Rüütels candidature for presidency in August–September 2006 ; Toomas Hendrik Ilves was elected though , a choice criticised by Savisaar and attributed by him to alleged hostile media and partisan lawmakers . Savisaar refused to congratulate the winner . In 2016 , the discussion on electing a new leader escalated in the Centre Party and an extraordinary party congress was called for November . MP Jüri Ratas was the first to announce his candidacy , after which four others followed , including Yana Toom . Even though Savisaar first announced his candidacy , he later announced that he would not participate the leadership election and instead endorsed Toom . Savisaar has published four books . He has received the Order of the National Coat of Arms 2nd Class in 2001 and 1st Class in 2006 from Estonia and the Order of the Three Stars 2nd Class in 2005 from Latvia . Controversy . Savisaar is one of the most controversial politicians in Estonia . While some people , including many from the Russian-speaking minority , see him as a defender of the poor , his political opponents accuse him of authoritarianism , nepotism , corruption , destructive intrigues , and having close ties with some Russian politicians . The latter accusation has been fuelled by the Centre Partys collaboration agreement with Putins United Russia party , particularly since the agreements content has not been made public . Savisaar is often associated with using Machiavellian politics and deals to achieve his goals , such as taping other politicians , which caused the so-called tape scandal in 1995 ; and while being the mayor of the Estonian capital Tallinn , real-estate deals that were good for the members of the Centre Party , but were bad for the town . Bronze Soldier . During the events surrounding the Bronze Soldier , Edgar Savisaar spoke out against the removal of the monument and accused Andrus Ansip of deliberate attempts of splitting the Estonian society by provoking the Russian minority . In response to this many government officials and public figures have stated distrust and disrespect towards him . In relation to his reactions to the Bronze Soldier controversy , the Estonian Patriotic Movement created on 29 April 2007 an online petition website www.mahasavisaar.com to suggest resignation of Savisaars position as the Mayor of Tallinn . It ended on 9 May 2007 and had collected 98,200 e-mail addresses ( not signatures , although organizers of petition claimed so ) . In 2009 being a candidate for EP elections collected a 103506 votes in closed list system . Bribery allegations . On 17 July 2015 , Estonian Internal Security Service launched a criminal investigation on Savisaar and six others in relation to bribery allegations . He is suspected of accepting bribes with a value of hundreds of thousands of euros in 2014 and 2015 on behalf of himself and Estonian Centre Party . It was later revealed that Savisaar was also suspected of corruption and money laundering . Because of the ongoing investigation , Savisaar was suspended from mayors office on 30 September 2015 . His original trial commenced in Harju County Court in June 2017 . The county court ended the proceedings in June 2018 due to Savisaars medical condition , however in August a higher circuit court ordered for the trial to resume . In December 2018 , the Supreme Court of Estonia annulled the ruling of the circuit court , thus releasing Savisaar from criminal proceedings . Personal life . Edgar Savisaar has been married three times and is the father of four children . From his marriage to Kaire Savisaar he has a son Erki Savisaar , who is a Centre Party a politician . From his marriage to Liis Remmel ( then Liis Savisaar ) , he has a daughter Maria and son Erki . The last marriage was to Vilja Toomast ( then Vilja Savisaar ) , who is also an Estonian politician . They had a daughter , Rosina . The couple announced their separation and divorce in December 2009 . In March 2015 , Savisaar was hospitalized due to an infection of Streptococcus bacteria in his right leg which had to be amputated above the knee . He contracted the disease during a trip in Thailand . External links . - CityMayors profile - 16 . December 2010 , err.ee , Tallinn Mayor an Agent of Russian Influence , Alleges Leaked Intelligence |
[
"mayor of Tallinn"
] | easy | What was the position of Edgar Savisaar in Mar 2011? | /wiki/Edgar_Savisaar#P39#5 | Edgar Savisaar Edgar Savisaar ( born 31 May 1950 ) is an Estonian politician , one of the founding members of Popular Front of Estonia and the Centre Party . He has served as the acting Prime Minister of Estonia , Minister of the Interior , Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications and mayor of Tallinn . Early life and parents . Savisaar was born to Edgar and Marie Savisaar ( née Burešin ) , who lived in Vastse-Kuuste . His mother was born in what in 1920 became Petseri county . In 1949 , his parents wanted to leave the local kolkhoz with their livestock , this resulted in a physical conflict . Both were arrested on charges of seizing public property , tax evasion and assault . Elmar was sentenced 15 years ( freed in 1952 ) and Marie Burešin 5 years ( freed in 1950 ) in prison . Marie gave birth to Edgar in Harku womens prison while serving the sentence . The mother and newborn were released the same year after being pardoned and they returned to Vastse-Kuuse . Education . After graduating from high school , Savisaar continued his studies at the University of Tartu . In 1973 , he graduated from the university with a degree in history . In 1980 , he wrote his candidate thesis in philosophy on the topic Social Philosophical Foundations of the Global Models of the Club of Rome . Career . From 1980 to 1988 , Savisaar worked in the Soviet Estonian governmental institutions dealing with the planning of economy . During 1988–1989 , he was the academic director for the consultation company Mainor . In April he co-established the Popular Front ( Rahvarinne ) which became the first political mass organization in Soviet Union outside Communist Party after 1920 . Initially formed to support perestroika Popular Front started increasingly develop ideas of Estonian national independence and created so called Singing Revolution phenomenon . The process with several others lead to dissolution of Soviet Union ultimately . In 1989 , he became the Vice-Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Estonian SSR and the Head of the State Plan Committee . In 1990 , he was the Minister of Economic Affairs . On 3 April 1990 , he was appointed the Chairman of the Council of Ministers . When Estonia declared its independence on 20 August 1991 , he became the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Estonia . His government was in office until 29 January 1992 , when he resigned after supplementary problems and a continuing decline in economy . Most of his governing time was characterized by hyperinflation and ever increasing deficit of goods . Purchase cards and ration stamps were introduced . During the winter of 1991/1992 preparations were made to evacuate the dormitory regions of Tallinn due to shortage of fuel . On 31 December 1991 , people stood for hours in the bread queues , many were eventually left without bread . In January 1992 , butter disappeared from the shops . Savisaar managed to win a vote of non-confidence , being mostly supported by his Popular Front , left-wing parties and the Intermovement , but stepped down when it turned out impossible to introduce a state of emergency . He was replaced by a technocratic government under Tiit Vähi . From 1992 until 1995 , Savisaar was the Vice-Speaker of the Estonian Parliament ( Riigikogu ) . From 17 April to 6 November 1995 , he was the Minister for Internal Affairs . When he was accused of recording private conversations of other politicians , the entire government faltered . Although his participation in the recordings was never proved , he announced his intention to leave politics . However , in 1996 , he participated in the elections of the Riigikogu and became the chairman of the Tallinn City Council . His return to the Centre Party leaders post evoked a split , as some leading members disillusioned with Savisaars leadership style left to found Arengupartei . From 2001 to 14 October 2004 , he was mayor of Tallinn . On 11 April 2005 , he became Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications in the new coalition of Prime Minister Andrus Ansip and worked in the post until March 2007 . Since 2007 he has been mayor of Tallinn , the capital of Estonia . Edgar Savisaar and Estonia Peoples Union leader Villu Reiljan jointly supported Arnold Rüütels candidature for presidency in August–September 2006 ; Toomas Hendrik Ilves was elected though , a choice criticised by Savisaar and attributed by him to alleged hostile media and partisan lawmakers . Savisaar refused to congratulate the winner . In 2016 , the discussion on electing a new leader escalated in the Centre Party and an extraordinary party congress was called for November . MP Jüri Ratas was the first to announce his candidacy , after which four others followed , including Yana Toom . Even though Savisaar first announced his candidacy , he later announced that he would not participate the leadership election and instead endorsed Toom . Savisaar has published four books . He has received the Order of the National Coat of Arms 2nd Class in 2001 and 1st Class in 2006 from Estonia and the Order of the Three Stars 2nd Class in 2005 from Latvia . Controversy . Savisaar is one of the most controversial politicians in Estonia . While some people , including many from the Russian-speaking minority , see him as a defender of the poor , his political opponents accuse him of authoritarianism , nepotism , corruption , destructive intrigues , and having close ties with some Russian politicians . The latter accusation has been fuelled by the Centre Partys collaboration agreement with Putins United Russia party , particularly since the agreements content has not been made public . Savisaar is often associated with using Machiavellian politics and deals to achieve his goals , such as taping other politicians , which caused the so-called tape scandal in 1995 ; and while being the mayor of the Estonian capital Tallinn , real-estate deals that were good for the members of the Centre Party , but were bad for the town . Bronze Soldier . During the events surrounding the Bronze Soldier , Edgar Savisaar spoke out against the removal of the monument and accused Andrus Ansip of deliberate attempts of splitting the Estonian society by provoking the Russian minority . In response to this many government officials and public figures have stated distrust and disrespect towards him . In relation to his reactions to the Bronze Soldier controversy , the Estonian Patriotic Movement created on 29 April 2007 an online petition website www.mahasavisaar.com to suggest resignation of Savisaars position as the Mayor of Tallinn . It ended on 9 May 2007 and had collected 98,200 e-mail addresses ( not signatures , although organizers of petition claimed so ) . In 2009 being a candidate for EP elections collected a 103506 votes in closed list system . Bribery allegations . On 17 July 2015 , Estonian Internal Security Service launched a criminal investigation on Savisaar and six others in relation to bribery allegations . He is suspected of accepting bribes with a value of hundreds of thousands of euros in 2014 and 2015 on behalf of himself and Estonian Centre Party . It was later revealed that Savisaar was also suspected of corruption and money laundering . Because of the ongoing investigation , Savisaar was suspended from mayors office on 30 September 2015 . His original trial commenced in Harju County Court in June 2017 . The county court ended the proceedings in June 2018 due to Savisaars medical condition , however in August a higher circuit court ordered for the trial to resume . In December 2018 , the Supreme Court of Estonia annulled the ruling of the circuit court , thus releasing Savisaar from criminal proceedings . Personal life . Edgar Savisaar has been married three times and is the father of four children . From his marriage to Kaire Savisaar he has a son Erki Savisaar , who is a Centre Party a politician . From his marriage to Liis Remmel ( then Liis Savisaar ) , he has a daughter Maria and son Erki . The last marriage was to Vilja Toomast ( then Vilja Savisaar ) , who is also an Estonian politician . They had a daughter , Rosina . The couple announced their separation and divorce in December 2009 . In March 2015 , Savisaar was hospitalized due to an infection of Streptococcus bacteria in his right leg which had to be amputated above the knee . He contracted the disease during a trip in Thailand . External links . - CityMayors profile - 16 . December 2010 , err.ee , Tallinn Mayor an Agent of Russian Influence , Alleges Leaked Intelligence |
[
"mayor of Tallinn"
] | easy | What was the position of Edgar Savisaar from Mar 2015 to Aug 2015? | /wiki/Edgar_Savisaar#P39#6 | Edgar Savisaar Edgar Savisaar ( born 31 May 1950 ) is an Estonian politician , one of the founding members of Popular Front of Estonia and the Centre Party . He has served as the acting Prime Minister of Estonia , Minister of the Interior , Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications and mayor of Tallinn . Early life and parents . Savisaar was born to Edgar and Marie Savisaar ( née Burešin ) , who lived in Vastse-Kuuste . His mother was born in what in 1920 became Petseri county . In 1949 , his parents wanted to leave the local kolkhoz with their livestock , this resulted in a physical conflict . Both were arrested on charges of seizing public property , tax evasion and assault . Elmar was sentenced 15 years ( freed in 1952 ) and Marie Burešin 5 years ( freed in 1950 ) in prison . Marie gave birth to Edgar in Harku womens prison while serving the sentence . The mother and newborn were released the same year after being pardoned and they returned to Vastse-Kuuse . Education . After graduating from high school , Savisaar continued his studies at the University of Tartu . In 1973 , he graduated from the university with a degree in history . In 1980 , he wrote his candidate thesis in philosophy on the topic Social Philosophical Foundations of the Global Models of the Club of Rome . Career . From 1980 to 1988 , Savisaar worked in the Soviet Estonian governmental institutions dealing with the planning of economy . During 1988–1989 , he was the academic director for the consultation company Mainor . In April he co-established the Popular Front ( Rahvarinne ) which became the first political mass organization in Soviet Union outside Communist Party after 1920 . Initially formed to support perestroika Popular Front started increasingly develop ideas of Estonian national independence and created so called Singing Revolution phenomenon . The process with several others lead to dissolution of Soviet Union ultimately . In 1989 , he became the Vice-Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Estonian SSR and the Head of the State Plan Committee . In 1990 , he was the Minister of Economic Affairs . On 3 April 1990 , he was appointed the Chairman of the Council of Ministers . When Estonia declared its independence on 20 August 1991 , he became the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Estonia . His government was in office until 29 January 1992 , when he resigned after supplementary problems and a continuing decline in economy . Most of his governing time was characterized by hyperinflation and ever increasing deficit of goods . Purchase cards and ration stamps were introduced . During the winter of 1991/1992 preparations were made to evacuate the dormitory regions of Tallinn due to shortage of fuel . On 31 December 1991 , people stood for hours in the bread queues , many were eventually left without bread . In January 1992 , butter disappeared from the shops . Savisaar managed to win a vote of non-confidence , being mostly supported by his Popular Front , left-wing parties and the Intermovement , but stepped down when it turned out impossible to introduce a state of emergency . He was replaced by a technocratic government under Tiit Vähi . From 1992 until 1995 , Savisaar was the Vice-Speaker of the Estonian Parliament ( Riigikogu ) . From 17 April to 6 November 1995 , he was the Minister for Internal Affairs . When he was accused of recording private conversations of other politicians , the entire government faltered . Although his participation in the recordings was never proved , he announced his intention to leave politics . However , in 1996 , he participated in the elections of the Riigikogu and became the chairman of the Tallinn City Council . His return to the Centre Party leaders post evoked a split , as some leading members disillusioned with Savisaars leadership style left to found Arengupartei . From 2001 to 14 October 2004 , he was mayor of Tallinn . On 11 April 2005 , he became Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications in the new coalition of Prime Minister Andrus Ansip and worked in the post until March 2007 . Since 2007 he has been mayor of Tallinn , the capital of Estonia . Edgar Savisaar and Estonia Peoples Union leader Villu Reiljan jointly supported Arnold Rüütels candidature for presidency in August–September 2006 ; Toomas Hendrik Ilves was elected though , a choice criticised by Savisaar and attributed by him to alleged hostile media and partisan lawmakers . Savisaar refused to congratulate the winner . In 2016 , the discussion on electing a new leader escalated in the Centre Party and an extraordinary party congress was called for November . MP Jüri Ratas was the first to announce his candidacy , after which four others followed , including Yana Toom . Even though Savisaar first announced his candidacy , he later announced that he would not participate the leadership election and instead endorsed Toom . Savisaar has published four books . He has received the Order of the National Coat of Arms 2nd Class in 2001 and 1st Class in 2006 from Estonia and the Order of the Three Stars 2nd Class in 2005 from Latvia . Controversy . Savisaar is one of the most controversial politicians in Estonia . While some people , including many from the Russian-speaking minority , see him as a defender of the poor , his political opponents accuse him of authoritarianism , nepotism , corruption , destructive intrigues , and having close ties with some Russian politicians . The latter accusation has been fuelled by the Centre Partys collaboration agreement with Putins United Russia party , particularly since the agreements content has not been made public . Savisaar is often associated with using Machiavellian politics and deals to achieve his goals , such as taping other politicians , which caused the so-called tape scandal in 1995 ; and while being the mayor of the Estonian capital Tallinn , real-estate deals that were good for the members of the Centre Party , but were bad for the town . Bronze Soldier . During the events surrounding the Bronze Soldier , Edgar Savisaar spoke out against the removal of the monument and accused Andrus Ansip of deliberate attempts of splitting the Estonian society by provoking the Russian minority . In response to this many government officials and public figures have stated distrust and disrespect towards him . In relation to his reactions to the Bronze Soldier controversy , the Estonian Patriotic Movement created on 29 April 2007 an online petition website www.mahasavisaar.com to suggest resignation of Savisaars position as the Mayor of Tallinn . It ended on 9 May 2007 and had collected 98,200 e-mail addresses ( not signatures , although organizers of petition claimed so ) . In 2009 being a candidate for EP elections collected a 103506 votes in closed list system . Bribery allegations . On 17 July 2015 , Estonian Internal Security Service launched a criminal investigation on Savisaar and six others in relation to bribery allegations . He is suspected of accepting bribes with a value of hundreds of thousands of euros in 2014 and 2015 on behalf of himself and Estonian Centre Party . It was later revealed that Savisaar was also suspected of corruption and money laundering . Because of the ongoing investigation , Savisaar was suspended from mayors office on 30 September 2015 . His original trial commenced in Harju County Court in June 2017 . The county court ended the proceedings in June 2018 due to Savisaars medical condition , however in August a higher circuit court ordered for the trial to resume . In December 2018 , the Supreme Court of Estonia annulled the ruling of the circuit court , thus releasing Savisaar from criminal proceedings . Personal life . Edgar Savisaar has been married three times and is the father of four children . From his marriage to Kaire Savisaar he has a son Erki Savisaar , who is a Centre Party a politician . From his marriage to Liis Remmel ( then Liis Savisaar ) , he has a daughter Maria and son Erki . The last marriage was to Vilja Toomast ( then Vilja Savisaar ) , who is also an Estonian politician . They had a daughter , Rosina . The couple announced their separation and divorce in December 2009 . In March 2015 , Savisaar was hospitalized due to an infection of Streptococcus bacteria in his right leg which had to be amputated above the knee . He contracted the disease during a trip in Thailand . External links . - CityMayors profile - 16 . December 2010 , err.ee , Tallinn Mayor an Agent of Russian Influence , Alleges Leaked Intelligence |
[
"Hill High School"
] | easy | Which school did Clara Rackham go to from 1891 to 1892? | /wiki/Clara_Rackham#P69#0 | Clara Rackham Clara Dorothea Tabor Rackham ( 3 December 1875 – 11 March 1966 ) was an English feminist and politician active in the womens suffrage movement , the Womens Co-operative Guild , the peace movement , adult education , the family planning movement , and the labour movement . She was a pioneering magistrate , Poor Law Guardian , educator , anti-poverty campaigner and penal reformer in the city of Cambridge where she was a long-serving city and county councillor . Clara Rackham was vice-chairman of Cambridge County Council from 1956 to 1958 and chairman of the Cambridge County Council Education Committee from 1945 to 1957 . She first came to prominence through her leading role in the National Union of Womens Suffrage Societies and later became a significant national figure in the labour movement , acquiring a formidable national reputation for her expertise on factory conditions , workers rights , equal pay , and national insurance . Family and early life . Clara Rackham ( known as Dorothea to her family ) was born in Notting Hill , the daughter of Henry Tabor , a gentleman farmer from a non-conformist family based in Bocking in Essex and Emma Tabor ( née Woodcock ) who came from Wigan , Lancashire . She was educated at Notting Hill High School , St Leonards School ( 1892–93 ) , Bedford College in 1894 , and like her older sister , Margaret , attended Newnham College , Cambridge . At Newnham College ( 1895–98 ) Clara studied Classics but much of her time was taken up with outdoor pursuits and with politics . She was a prominent supporter of the Liberal Party in the Newnham College Political Society , a proficient long-distance cyclist , swam regularly in the river Cam , and was captain of the hockey team . Clara left with the equivalent of a third-class degree ( women were not officially allowed to graduate from Cambridge University until 1948 ) . However , she had made a lifelong friend in another Newnham College student , Susan Lawrence , one of the first three women to be elected to parliament as Labour MPs , and had also met her future husband , Harris Rackham , a lecturer in Classics at Newnham college from 1893 . Harris , a brother of the illustrator Arthur Rackham , became a Senior Fellow at Christs College in 1899 . The couple married in 1901 and lived at 4 Grange Terrace before setting up home in a Georgian house at 9 Park Terrace with a pleasant view overlooking Parkers Piece in 1925.The marriage was a happy one and lasted until Harriss death in 1944 . Clara remained in the house until 1957 . Clara established the Cambridge branch of the Womens Co-operative Guild in 1902 and became its President , remaining active in her local group for over twenty years and writing on the value of co-operative ideals in Cambridge : A Brief Study in Social Questions ( 1906 ) edited by Eglantyne Jebb . Jebb founded the Save the Children Fund in 1919 to raise money for German and Austrian children . In 1923 Clara served on the birth control subcommittee of the Standing Joint Committee of Industrial Womens Organizations ( SJCIWO ) and by 1930 had become chairman of the organisation . Clara chaired the National Conference of Labour Women at the Kingsway Hall in London where SJCIWO put forward two reports for discussion ; on abolition of the marriage bar , and on equal pay for equal work . In Cambridge she worked closely with her good friend , the Homerton College-trained Leah Manning ( President of the National Union of Teachers in 1930 , elected as the Labour MP for Islington East in 1928 and then for Epping in 1945 ) . Both women were associated with the ragged school set up in a building in Young Street which is now the site of Anglia Ruskin University Music Therapy Department . In the 1930s Clara supported Mannings initiatives in parliament to welcome Basque children to Britain who were seeking refuge during the Spanish Civil War and some of these children were given homes in Cambridge . The Liberal Party . The youthful Clara was an admirer of William Gladstone . She was the leader of the Liberal group at Newnham College and spoke persuasively in student debates . When Gladstone died in 1898 on the day before she was due to begin part one of the Classical Tripos she was not told the news in case she were to do badly . Clara is first listed as a host of a public meeting in an advertisement that appeared on 24 October 1902 in The Cambridge Independent Press . Her attendance is reported at the public meeting on 29 October 1902 held at the old Sturton Hall . The Liberal Party were protesting against the Education Bill which would have excluded women from their role on school boards . Claras objection to the legislation was that it removed the right of women to be elected by local voters to their existing roles and made them reliant on the consent of other members of boards rather than a direct mandate from the people . Leading suffragist . Like other suffragists from a privileged background , Clara was brought into direct contact with the plight of the poor and disadvantaged through her work as a Poor Law Guardian and was deeply shocked by what she saw . Her experiences with poor relief for the Castle End ward of Cambridge ( 1904–15 ) reinforced her conviction that it was essential for women to have the vote if things were to change . Adela Adam , a classicist at Girton College and mother of Barbara Wootton ( later Baroness Wootton of Abinger ) , persuaded Clara to join the Cambridge Womens Suffrage Association . This was a branch of the constitutional , non-militant National Union of Womens Suffrage Societies ( NUWSS ) , the President of which was the veteran suffragist , Millicent Garrett Fawcett . Clara proved to be a first-class organiser , giving rousing speeches , and touring the surrounding villages to drum up support for womens suffrage . She was faced with a very hostile crowd in Newmarket . Clara was elected to the executive committee of the Eastern Federation of the NUWSS and then to the national executive committee which she chaired from 1909 to 1915 when she resigned to take up a position as a government factory inspector . Cambridge sent a sizeable contingent to the Great Pilgrimage of law-abiding suffragists that converged on Hyde Park from routes all over the country in 1913 . Clara joined the procession at Burwell and gave a stirring address to the marchers in the market square in Cambridge before the procession set off for Royston . In London Clara was seated on the podium next to Millicent Fawcett and formed part of the delegation to visit Asquith . Clara steered the national organisation through its most turbulent period in 1915 with considerable tact and skill when Millicent Fawcetts qualified support for womens involvement in the war effort was opposed by a majority of the NUWSS committee who tendered their resignations and by large sections of the membership who were either pacifists or primarily interested in ending the war by securing a negotiated peace with Germany . Clara managed to combine her deep personal loyalty to Fawcett with her own principled opposition to the war by the advocacy of a compromise whereby the NUWSS would agree to support womens war work in principle but individual members would be permitted to pursue whatever activities they wished either in war work , for example , working in hospitals , or supporting initiatives to bring about peace . Claras proposal was accepted as NUWSS policy thereby averting the very real danger of the organisation falling apart . After women over 30 were enfranchised under the 1918 Represention of the People Act , the NUWSS dissolved itself and was succeeded by the National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship in 1919 . Clara had no formal legal training but from 1923 to 1931 she edited , and often wrote , a legal column for The Womens Leader , the journal of the new organisation . Factory inspector . During The First World War Clara worked as a factory inspector for the Home Office and was one of four women appointed to temporary positions on 25 October 1915 working alongside Jeanette Tawney , wife of the philosopher R . H . Tawney . She was deployed initially in Lancashire and then in the London area . The post meant that she had to turn down the offer of an academic position at Bedford College in the University of London , which was founded as a womens college , because she could not be spared from work of national importance . She also worked voluntarily in the University of Liverpool Settlement . From 1930 to 1932 Clara served on the Royal Commission on Unemployment Insurance where she clashed with the cotton industry administrator Raymond Streat who thought unemployment benefits ( the dole ) too high , and wrongly assumed this was the consensus on the Commission . Clara was a signatory to a Minority Report by the Labour Party members on the Commission in 1933 . She later published a short book in which she demonstrated her own expertise on factory conditions , Factory Law in 1938 . She was a lifelong advocate of workers rights and an early advocate of the 40-hour work week . Labour Party politician in Cambridge . At the end of the First World War Clara joined the Labour Party though she stood as an Independent representing the National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship ( NUSEC ) in the Cambridge town council election of March 1919 . Clara developed a close relationship with Hugh Dalton , who was to become Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Attlee ministry of 1945 , and campaigned for Dalton when he contested the 1922 Cambridge by-election . Leah Manning remembered that , during the General Strike of 1926 , the Cambridge strike headquarters was in the Rackhams basement kitchen . Clara held numerous elected positions in Cambridge and was made an Alderman by both the City and the County Council . She was first elected as a councillor for West Chesterton in north Cambridge ( 1919–22 ) and was later returned for Romsey , a solidly working-class area of the city on the unfashionable side of the railway bridge in which many of the families of local railway workers lived in 1929 . Clara was returned unopposed to represent Romsey for the last time in 1946 . Clara stood for Parliament twice with no success : she was defeated in ( 1922 ) and lost heavily to a rising star in the Conservative Party , the sitting MP , R . A . Butler , in ( 1935 ) . With the exception of the few years in which she worked as a factory inspector she never left Cambridge . She fought innumerable battles to improve living conditions for the working-class communities in the north and east of the city , lobbying hard for the indoor heated swimming pool on the corner of Parkers Piece and Mill Road . Todays light and airy glass pool remains as one of her lasting achievements . She opened the Rock Road Public Library and also helped to finance the construction of the Labour Club on Mill Road which was built by voluntary labour in the 1920s . Ramsay MacDonald , the first Labour Party Prime Minister , laid the foundation stone in 1926 and Clara spoke at the opening ceremony in 1928 . Magistrate and penal reformer . Clara became a magistrate in 1920 , and , with Florence Ada Keynes ( mother of economist John Maynard Keynes ) and Edith Bethune Baker , was one of the first women in Cambridge to serve on the bench . The work of the criminal justice system and , in particular , the inhumane way in which the law dealt with juvenile offenders became a central concern for her throughout her life . Margery Fry , director of the Howard League for Penal Reform from its inception in 1921 , and another JP , was a good friend . Clara joined the Howard League and worked with Clara Martineau of Birmingham City Council as part of a group reporting on child sexual abuse to Parliament in 1925 . Clara was also a founder-member of the Magistrates Association in 1927 and an advocate of probation , and opponent of corporal punishment . In 1933 she wrote to The Manchester Guardian regarding the recent Children and Young Persons Act and drew attention to the range of options made available to magistrates when dealing with children in need of care or protection while criticising aspects of the legislation for not going far enough . In 1933 she argued that no young person under the age of 17 should be sent to prison . At the time the age limit was 14 . She resigned as a magistrate in 1950 , and from her other committees when she became aware that loss of hearing had made it virtually impossible for her to carry on . Pioneering Broadcaster . Clara was a pioneering broadcaster in the early days of BBC radio in the 1920s and one of the first women to be heard on the airwaves . She gave talks on the work of a magistrate and on legal matters . A series How we Manage Our Affairs in 1929 began with a talk How we Elect our Councillors . Education . Clara was chairman of the Cambridge County Council Education Committee from 1945 to 1957 and took a strong interest in girls education , nursery education , and education in the early years and campaigned for free school milk and meals for the benefit of undernourished children . She was a personal friend of Henry Morris , the innovative Director of Education for Cambridgeshire from 1922,and shared his visionary ideal of the village college . Village colleges combined secondary education with community and adult education and were set up in Sawston , Bottisham , Bassingbourn , Comberton , Impington , Linton and elsewhere in the countryside surrounding Cambridge with Claras enthusiastic support . However , she never fully embraced the Labour Partys post-war support for comprehensive education , believing that small selective grammar schools were of more benefit to working-class children . She served with Lilian Mary Hart Clark on the governing body of the Cambridge School of Arts , Crafts and Technology , which was renamed the Cambridgeshire College of Arts and Technology in 1958 , and Anglia Ruskin University in 2005 . A large modern building containing laboratories and teaching rooms was erected on the Cambridge campus in 1972 and named Rackham in her honour . This was demolished in 2009 . She had a lifelong interest in the education of working people , was a part-time lecturer in social history and local government for the Workers Educational Association , and elected Chairman of the WEA Eastern District . She always valued and retained her links with Newnham College where she organised a summer school for working women and was on the colleges governing body from 1920 to 1940 and on the Newnham College council from 1924 to 1931 . The Peace Movement . Like many former suffragists , Rackham placed her hopes for peace in the League of Nations between the wars and she attended meetings of the local Cambridge branch whenever she could . At the height of the Cold War , when the country was beset with fears of a nuclear war breaking out between the Soviet Union and the United States , Clara joined the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament which was founded in 1958 to call for Britain to lead the world in getting rid of nuclear weapons by disarming unilaterally . Her great-niece , Sarah Rackham , remembers being taken as a child on the annual CND march from Aldermaston to London . Clara participated in her last peace march in 1961 at the age of eighty-five . Other members of the Tabor family , including her niece , Mary Tabor , also remember being taken on the Aldermaston March by Clara when they were children . Final years . Clara became a well-known figure in Cambridge in her later years , riding everywhere on her bicycle , doing voluntary work in the community , enjoying her contact with young and old alike , adjusting with indomitable good humour to her own loss of hearing , and reading aloud to the partially sighted . In 1962 she delivered her last speech at the Golden Jubilee of the Cambridge Branch of the National Council of Women of Great Britain . In 1993 Joyce Bellamy and Eileen Price , who wrote the entry on Clara Rackham in The Dictionary of Labour Biography , recalled how overwhelmed they had been by the public response to a letter requesting information about Claras life and work which they had sent to The Cambridge Evening News in 1980 . Although she had been brought up in the Christian faith , her outlook on life became decidedly secular over the years and she eventually joined the Humanist Association . Bellamy and Price note that Clara had come to adopt the practice of waiting outside the borough council chamber until the prayers before council meetings had finished . She also refused the Mayoralty of the borough of Cambridge because she did not wish to take part in religious observances while agreeing to chair meetings of Cambridge City Council which were not preceded by prayers ( 1956–1958 ) . She declined the Freedom of the City of Cambridge , requesting instead that a bench be placed outside the Meadowcroft retirement home on Trumpington Road for the use of the residents . She stated that she did not want to have a bust of herself displayed in Shire Hall during her lifetime but stipulated that the council could do whatever they thought was appropriate after her death . Clara initially moved into the Langdon House residential care home after the death of her sister , Margaret , who had lived with her at 9 Park Terrace after Harris Rackham died . She then relocated herself voluntarily to Meadowcroft to make available a place at Langdon House for an old person who was poorer than she was before returning to Langdon House when another place there became available . Clara died peacefully in Langdon House in 1966 after enjoying her 90th birthday celebrations , which were attended by friends and well-wishers representing over twenty local organisations , charities , and voluntary groups which she had supported over the years . She was cremated at the cemetery in Huntingdon Road on 15 March 1966 . A tribute written in the Newnham College Roll Letter in 1967 reads : Publications . - Contribution to Cambridge : A Brief Study in Social Questions ( 1906 ) by Eglantyne Jebb , on co-operation - Survey of Cambridge for Social Conditions in Provincial Towns ( 1912 ) by Helen Bosanquet - Royal Commission on Unemployment Insurance , abridged minority report ( 1933 , Fabian Society ) - Factory Law ( 1938 ) - Lawless Youth . A Challenge to the New Europe . A Policy for the Juvenile Courts prepared by the International Committee of the Howard League for Penal Reform 1942–1945 ( 1947 ) , with Margery Fry , Max Grünhut , Hermann Mannheim , and Wanda Grabinska . Legacy . In 1944 Clara presented the Central Library in Cambridge with a unique collection of , for the most part , signed and numbered editions of Arthur Rackhams illustrated books . Rackham Close , in Arbury , Cambridge , is named after her as was a room in the Alex Wood Hall in Norfolk Street , the headquarters of the Cambridge City Labour Party . A bust was commissioned and manufactured but its whereabouts today are unknown . In 2018 , the centenary of some women obtaining the vote , Clara and Leah Manning were selected by the Womens Local Government Society to be included in their list of pioneers whose lives had inspired a younger generation to engage in service to their local communities . A celebration of Clara Rackhams life and work in words , music and theatre organised by Mary Joannou took place in the presence of members of the Rackham family at Anglia Ruskin University on 2 November 2018 . The event included a specially commissioned play entitled Clara Rackham and the General Strike written by local author Ros Connelly , young dancers from the Bodyworks Studio , and presentations by Sarah Rackham , Dr Deborah Thom and Councillor Anna Smith . The official civic ceremony in which the blue plaque was unveiled by Dame Stella Manzie , who spoke about Claras pioneering achievements in local government , took place at Newnham College on 20 November 2018 by kind permission of the Principal , Dame Carol Black and the Fellows . Dr Gillian Sutherland , Fellow Emerita at Newnham College , spoke about Clara in her historical context . Both events were filmed by Antony Carpen and may be seen on YouTube . The blue plaque was put up at 9 Park Terrace , a property belonging to Emmanuel College , on 25 January 2019 and a reception was held in Emmanuel College by kind permission of the Master , Dame Fiona Reynolds , and the Fellows . The blue plaque may be seen on the website of Cambridge , Past , Present and Future , a Cambridge charity which administers the blue plaque scheme . In 2019 The Friends of the Milton Road Library submitted a proposal to name one of the two community rooms in the re-opened Milton Road Library after Clara Rackham . This has yet to receive official approval . |
[
"St Leonards School"
] | easy | Where was Clara Rackham educated from 1892 to 1893? | /wiki/Clara_Rackham#P69#1 | Clara Rackham Clara Dorothea Tabor Rackham ( 3 December 1875 – 11 March 1966 ) was an English feminist and politician active in the womens suffrage movement , the Womens Co-operative Guild , the peace movement , adult education , the family planning movement , and the labour movement . She was a pioneering magistrate , Poor Law Guardian , educator , anti-poverty campaigner and penal reformer in the city of Cambridge where she was a long-serving city and county councillor . Clara Rackham was vice-chairman of Cambridge County Council from 1956 to 1958 and chairman of the Cambridge County Council Education Committee from 1945 to 1957 . She first came to prominence through her leading role in the National Union of Womens Suffrage Societies and later became a significant national figure in the labour movement , acquiring a formidable national reputation for her expertise on factory conditions , workers rights , equal pay , and national insurance . Family and early life . Clara Rackham ( known as Dorothea to her family ) was born in Notting Hill , the daughter of Henry Tabor , a gentleman farmer from a non-conformist family based in Bocking in Essex and Emma Tabor ( née Woodcock ) who came from Wigan , Lancashire . She was educated at Notting Hill High School , St Leonards School ( 1892–93 ) , Bedford College in 1894 , and like her older sister , Margaret , attended Newnham College , Cambridge . At Newnham College ( 1895–98 ) Clara studied Classics but much of her time was taken up with outdoor pursuits and with politics . She was a prominent supporter of the Liberal Party in the Newnham College Political Society , a proficient long-distance cyclist , swam regularly in the river Cam , and was captain of the hockey team . Clara left with the equivalent of a third-class degree ( women were not officially allowed to graduate from Cambridge University until 1948 ) . However , she had made a lifelong friend in another Newnham College student , Susan Lawrence , one of the first three women to be elected to parliament as Labour MPs , and had also met her future husband , Harris Rackham , a lecturer in Classics at Newnham college from 1893 . Harris , a brother of the illustrator Arthur Rackham , became a Senior Fellow at Christs College in 1899 . The couple married in 1901 and lived at 4 Grange Terrace before setting up home in a Georgian house at 9 Park Terrace with a pleasant view overlooking Parkers Piece in 1925.The marriage was a happy one and lasted until Harriss death in 1944 . Clara remained in the house until 1957 . Clara established the Cambridge branch of the Womens Co-operative Guild in 1902 and became its President , remaining active in her local group for over twenty years and writing on the value of co-operative ideals in Cambridge : A Brief Study in Social Questions ( 1906 ) edited by Eglantyne Jebb . Jebb founded the Save the Children Fund in 1919 to raise money for German and Austrian children . In 1923 Clara served on the birth control subcommittee of the Standing Joint Committee of Industrial Womens Organizations ( SJCIWO ) and by 1930 had become chairman of the organisation . Clara chaired the National Conference of Labour Women at the Kingsway Hall in London where SJCIWO put forward two reports for discussion ; on abolition of the marriage bar , and on equal pay for equal work . In Cambridge she worked closely with her good friend , the Homerton College-trained Leah Manning ( President of the National Union of Teachers in 1930 , elected as the Labour MP for Islington East in 1928 and then for Epping in 1945 ) . Both women were associated with the ragged school set up in a building in Young Street which is now the site of Anglia Ruskin University Music Therapy Department . In the 1930s Clara supported Mannings initiatives in parliament to welcome Basque children to Britain who were seeking refuge during the Spanish Civil War and some of these children were given homes in Cambridge . The Liberal Party . The youthful Clara was an admirer of William Gladstone . She was the leader of the Liberal group at Newnham College and spoke persuasively in student debates . When Gladstone died in 1898 on the day before she was due to begin part one of the Classical Tripos she was not told the news in case she were to do badly . Clara is first listed as a host of a public meeting in an advertisement that appeared on 24 October 1902 in The Cambridge Independent Press . Her attendance is reported at the public meeting on 29 October 1902 held at the old Sturton Hall . The Liberal Party were protesting against the Education Bill which would have excluded women from their role on school boards . Claras objection to the legislation was that it removed the right of women to be elected by local voters to their existing roles and made them reliant on the consent of other members of boards rather than a direct mandate from the people . Leading suffragist . Like other suffragists from a privileged background , Clara was brought into direct contact with the plight of the poor and disadvantaged through her work as a Poor Law Guardian and was deeply shocked by what she saw . Her experiences with poor relief for the Castle End ward of Cambridge ( 1904–15 ) reinforced her conviction that it was essential for women to have the vote if things were to change . Adela Adam , a classicist at Girton College and mother of Barbara Wootton ( later Baroness Wootton of Abinger ) , persuaded Clara to join the Cambridge Womens Suffrage Association . This was a branch of the constitutional , non-militant National Union of Womens Suffrage Societies ( NUWSS ) , the President of which was the veteran suffragist , Millicent Garrett Fawcett . Clara proved to be a first-class organiser , giving rousing speeches , and touring the surrounding villages to drum up support for womens suffrage . She was faced with a very hostile crowd in Newmarket . Clara was elected to the executive committee of the Eastern Federation of the NUWSS and then to the national executive committee which she chaired from 1909 to 1915 when she resigned to take up a position as a government factory inspector . Cambridge sent a sizeable contingent to the Great Pilgrimage of law-abiding suffragists that converged on Hyde Park from routes all over the country in 1913 . Clara joined the procession at Burwell and gave a stirring address to the marchers in the market square in Cambridge before the procession set off for Royston . In London Clara was seated on the podium next to Millicent Fawcett and formed part of the delegation to visit Asquith . Clara steered the national organisation through its most turbulent period in 1915 with considerable tact and skill when Millicent Fawcetts qualified support for womens involvement in the war effort was opposed by a majority of the NUWSS committee who tendered their resignations and by large sections of the membership who were either pacifists or primarily interested in ending the war by securing a negotiated peace with Germany . Clara managed to combine her deep personal loyalty to Fawcett with her own principled opposition to the war by the advocacy of a compromise whereby the NUWSS would agree to support womens war work in principle but individual members would be permitted to pursue whatever activities they wished either in war work , for example , working in hospitals , or supporting initiatives to bring about peace . Claras proposal was accepted as NUWSS policy thereby averting the very real danger of the organisation falling apart . After women over 30 were enfranchised under the 1918 Represention of the People Act , the NUWSS dissolved itself and was succeeded by the National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship in 1919 . Clara had no formal legal training but from 1923 to 1931 she edited , and often wrote , a legal column for The Womens Leader , the journal of the new organisation . Factory inspector . During The First World War Clara worked as a factory inspector for the Home Office and was one of four women appointed to temporary positions on 25 October 1915 working alongside Jeanette Tawney , wife of the philosopher R . H . Tawney . She was deployed initially in Lancashire and then in the London area . The post meant that she had to turn down the offer of an academic position at Bedford College in the University of London , which was founded as a womens college , because she could not be spared from work of national importance . She also worked voluntarily in the University of Liverpool Settlement . From 1930 to 1932 Clara served on the Royal Commission on Unemployment Insurance where she clashed with the cotton industry administrator Raymond Streat who thought unemployment benefits ( the dole ) too high , and wrongly assumed this was the consensus on the Commission . Clara was a signatory to a Minority Report by the Labour Party members on the Commission in 1933 . She later published a short book in which she demonstrated her own expertise on factory conditions , Factory Law in 1938 . She was a lifelong advocate of workers rights and an early advocate of the 40-hour work week . Labour Party politician in Cambridge . At the end of the First World War Clara joined the Labour Party though she stood as an Independent representing the National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship ( NUSEC ) in the Cambridge town council election of March 1919 . Clara developed a close relationship with Hugh Dalton , who was to become Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Attlee ministry of 1945 , and campaigned for Dalton when he contested the 1922 Cambridge by-election . Leah Manning remembered that , during the General Strike of 1926 , the Cambridge strike headquarters was in the Rackhams basement kitchen . Clara held numerous elected positions in Cambridge and was made an Alderman by both the City and the County Council . She was first elected as a councillor for West Chesterton in north Cambridge ( 1919–22 ) and was later returned for Romsey , a solidly working-class area of the city on the unfashionable side of the railway bridge in which many of the families of local railway workers lived in 1929 . Clara was returned unopposed to represent Romsey for the last time in 1946 . Clara stood for Parliament twice with no success : she was defeated in ( 1922 ) and lost heavily to a rising star in the Conservative Party , the sitting MP , R . A . Butler , in ( 1935 ) . With the exception of the few years in which she worked as a factory inspector she never left Cambridge . She fought innumerable battles to improve living conditions for the working-class communities in the north and east of the city , lobbying hard for the indoor heated swimming pool on the corner of Parkers Piece and Mill Road . Todays light and airy glass pool remains as one of her lasting achievements . She opened the Rock Road Public Library and also helped to finance the construction of the Labour Club on Mill Road which was built by voluntary labour in the 1920s . Ramsay MacDonald , the first Labour Party Prime Minister , laid the foundation stone in 1926 and Clara spoke at the opening ceremony in 1928 . Magistrate and penal reformer . Clara became a magistrate in 1920 , and , with Florence Ada Keynes ( mother of economist John Maynard Keynes ) and Edith Bethune Baker , was one of the first women in Cambridge to serve on the bench . The work of the criminal justice system and , in particular , the inhumane way in which the law dealt with juvenile offenders became a central concern for her throughout her life . Margery Fry , director of the Howard League for Penal Reform from its inception in 1921 , and another JP , was a good friend . Clara joined the Howard League and worked with Clara Martineau of Birmingham City Council as part of a group reporting on child sexual abuse to Parliament in 1925 . Clara was also a founder-member of the Magistrates Association in 1927 and an advocate of probation , and opponent of corporal punishment . In 1933 she wrote to The Manchester Guardian regarding the recent Children and Young Persons Act and drew attention to the range of options made available to magistrates when dealing with children in need of care or protection while criticising aspects of the legislation for not going far enough . In 1933 she argued that no young person under the age of 17 should be sent to prison . At the time the age limit was 14 . She resigned as a magistrate in 1950 , and from her other committees when she became aware that loss of hearing had made it virtually impossible for her to carry on . Pioneering Broadcaster . Clara was a pioneering broadcaster in the early days of BBC radio in the 1920s and one of the first women to be heard on the airwaves . She gave talks on the work of a magistrate and on legal matters . A series How we Manage Our Affairs in 1929 began with a talk How we Elect our Councillors . Education . Clara was chairman of the Cambridge County Council Education Committee from 1945 to 1957 and took a strong interest in girls education , nursery education , and education in the early years and campaigned for free school milk and meals for the benefit of undernourished children . She was a personal friend of Henry Morris , the innovative Director of Education for Cambridgeshire from 1922,and shared his visionary ideal of the village college . Village colleges combined secondary education with community and adult education and were set up in Sawston , Bottisham , Bassingbourn , Comberton , Impington , Linton and elsewhere in the countryside surrounding Cambridge with Claras enthusiastic support . However , she never fully embraced the Labour Partys post-war support for comprehensive education , believing that small selective grammar schools were of more benefit to working-class children . She served with Lilian Mary Hart Clark on the governing body of the Cambridge School of Arts , Crafts and Technology , which was renamed the Cambridgeshire College of Arts and Technology in 1958 , and Anglia Ruskin University in 2005 . A large modern building containing laboratories and teaching rooms was erected on the Cambridge campus in 1972 and named Rackham in her honour . This was demolished in 2009 . She had a lifelong interest in the education of working people , was a part-time lecturer in social history and local government for the Workers Educational Association , and elected Chairman of the WEA Eastern District . She always valued and retained her links with Newnham College where she organised a summer school for working women and was on the colleges governing body from 1920 to 1940 and on the Newnham College council from 1924 to 1931 . The Peace Movement . Like many former suffragists , Rackham placed her hopes for peace in the League of Nations between the wars and she attended meetings of the local Cambridge branch whenever she could . At the height of the Cold War , when the country was beset with fears of a nuclear war breaking out between the Soviet Union and the United States , Clara joined the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament which was founded in 1958 to call for Britain to lead the world in getting rid of nuclear weapons by disarming unilaterally . Her great-niece , Sarah Rackham , remembers being taken as a child on the annual CND march from Aldermaston to London . Clara participated in her last peace march in 1961 at the age of eighty-five . Other members of the Tabor family , including her niece , Mary Tabor , also remember being taken on the Aldermaston March by Clara when they were children . Final years . Clara became a well-known figure in Cambridge in her later years , riding everywhere on her bicycle , doing voluntary work in the community , enjoying her contact with young and old alike , adjusting with indomitable good humour to her own loss of hearing , and reading aloud to the partially sighted . In 1962 she delivered her last speech at the Golden Jubilee of the Cambridge Branch of the National Council of Women of Great Britain . In 1993 Joyce Bellamy and Eileen Price , who wrote the entry on Clara Rackham in The Dictionary of Labour Biography , recalled how overwhelmed they had been by the public response to a letter requesting information about Claras life and work which they had sent to The Cambridge Evening News in 1980 . Although she had been brought up in the Christian faith , her outlook on life became decidedly secular over the years and she eventually joined the Humanist Association . Bellamy and Price note that Clara had come to adopt the practice of waiting outside the borough council chamber until the prayers before council meetings had finished . She also refused the Mayoralty of the borough of Cambridge because she did not wish to take part in religious observances while agreeing to chair meetings of Cambridge City Council which were not preceded by prayers ( 1956–1958 ) . She declined the Freedom of the City of Cambridge , requesting instead that a bench be placed outside the Meadowcroft retirement home on Trumpington Road for the use of the residents . She stated that she did not want to have a bust of herself displayed in Shire Hall during her lifetime but stipulated that the council could do whatever they thought was appropriate after her death . Clara initially moved into the Langdon House residential care home after the death of her sister , Margaret , who had lived with her at 9 Park Terrace after Harris Rackham died . She then relocated herself voluntarily to Meadowcroft to make available a place at Langdon House for an old person who was poorer than she was before returning to Langdon House when another place there became available . Clara died peacefully in Langdon House in 1966 after enjoying her 90th birthday celebrations , which were attended by friends and well-wishers representing over twenty local organisations , charities , and voluntary groups which she had supported over the years . She was cremated at the cemetery in Huntingdon Road on 15 March 1966 . A tribute written in the Newnham College Roll Letter in 1967 reads : Publications . - Contribution to Cambridge : A Brief Study in Social Questions ( 1906 ) by Eglantyne Jebb , on co-operation - Survey of Cambridge for Social Conditions in Provincial Towns ( 1912 ) by Helen Bosanquet - Royal Commission on Unemployment Insurance , abridged minority report ( 1933 , Fabian Society ) - Factory Law ( 1938 ) - Lawless Youth . A Challenge to the New Europe . A Policy for the Juvenile Courts prepared by the International Committee of the Howard League for Penal Reform 1942–1945 ( 1947 ) , with Margery Fry , Max Grünhut , Hermann Mannheim , and Wanda Grabinska . Legacy . In 1944 Clara presented the Central Library in Cambridge with a unique collection of , for the most part , signed and numbered editions of Arthur Rackhams illustrated books . Rackham Close , in Arbury , Cambridge , is named after her as was a room in the Alex Wood Hall in Norfolk Street , the headquarters of the Cambridge City Labour Party . A bust was commissioned and manufactured but its whereabouts today are unknown . In 2018 , the centenary of some women obtaining the vote , Clara and Leah Manning were selected by the Womens Local Government Society to be included in their list of pioneers whose lives had inspired a younger generation to engage in service to their local communities . A celebration of Clara Rackhams life and work in words , music and theatre organised by Mary Joannou took place in the presence of members of the Rackham family at Anglia Ruskin University on 2 November 2018 . The event included a specially commissioned play entitled Clara Rackham and the General Strike written by local author Ros Connelly , young dancers from the Bodyworks Studio , and presentations by Sarah Rackham , Dr Deborah Thom and Councillor Anna Smith . The official civic ceremony in which the blue plaque was unveiled by Dame Stella Manzie , who spoke about Claras pioneering achievements in local government , took place at Newnham College on 20 November 2018 by kind permission of the Principal , Dame Carol Black and the Fellows . Dr Gillian Sutherland , Fellow Emerita at Newnham College , spoke about Clara in her historical context . Both events were filmed by Antony Carpen and may be seen on YouTube . The blue plaque was put up at 9 Park Terrace , a property belonging to Emmanuel College , on 25 January 2019 and a reception was held in Emmanuel College by kind permission of the Master , Dame Fiona Reynolds , and the Fellows . The blue plaque may be seen on the website of Cambridge , Past , Present and Future , a Cambridge charity which administers the blue plaque scheme . In 2019 The Friends of the Milton Road Library submitted a proposal to name one of the two community rooms in the re-opened Milton Road Library after Clara Rackham . This has yet to receive official approval . |
[
"Newnham College"
] | easy | Clara Rackham went to which school from 1895 to 1898? | /wiki/Clara_Rackham#P69#2 | Clara Rackham Clara Dorothea Tabor Rackham ( 3 December 1875 – 11 March 1966 ) was an English feminist and politician active in the womens suffrage movement , the Womens Co-operative Guild , the peace movement , adult education , the family planning movement , and the labour movement . She was a pioneering magistrate , Poor Law Guardian , educator , anti-poverty campaigner and penal reformer in the city of Cambridge where she was a long-serving city and county councillor . Clara Rackham was vice-chairman of Cambridge County Council from 1956 to 1958 and chairman of the Cambridge County Council Education Committee from 1945 to 1957 . She first came to prominence through her leading role in the National Union of Womens Suffrage Societies and later became a significant national figure in the labour movement , acquiring a formidable national reputation for her expertise on factory conditions , workers rights , equal pay , and national insurance . Family and early life . Clara Rackham ( known as Dorothea to her family ) was born in Notting Hill , the daughter of Henry Tabor , a gentleman farmer from a non-conformist family based in Bocking in Essex and Emma Tabor ( née Woodcock ) who came from Wigan , Lancashire . She was educated at Notting Hill High School , St Leonards School ( 1892–93 ) , Bedford College in 1894 , and like her older sister , Margaret , attended Newnham College , Cambridge . At Newnham College ( 1895–98 ) Clara studied Classics but much of her time was taken up with outdoor pursuits and with politics . She was a prominent supporter of the Liberal Party in the Newnham College Political Society , a proficient long-distance cyclist , swam regularly in the river Cam , and was captain of the hockey team . Clara left with the equivalent of a third-class degree ( women were not officially allowed to graduate from Cambridge University until 1948 ) . However , she had made a lifelong friend in another Newnham College student , Susan Lawrence , one of the first three women to be elected to parliament as Labour MPs , and had also met her future husband , Harris Rackham , a lecturer in Classics at Newnham college from 1893 . Harris , a brother of the illustrator Arthur Rackham , became a Senior Fellow at Christs College in 1899 . The couple married in 1901 and lived at 4 Grange Terrace before setting up home in a Georgian house at 9 Park Terrace with a pleasant view overlooking Parkers Piece in 1925.The marriage was a happy one and lasted until Harriss death in 1944 . Clara remained in the house until 1957 . Clara established the Cambridge branch of the Womens Co-operative Guild in 1902 and became its President , remaining active in her local group for over twenty years and writing on the value of co-operative ideals in Cambridge : A Brief Study in Social Questions ( 1906 ) edited by Eglantyne Jebb . Jebb founded the Save the Children Fund in 1919 to raise money for German and Austrian children . In 1923 Clara served on the birth control subcommittee of the Standing Joint Committee of Industrial Womens Organizations ( SJCIWO ) and by 1930 had become chairman of the organisation . Clara chaired the National Conference of Labour Women at the Kingsway Hall in London where SJCIWO put forward two reports for discussion ; on abolition of the marriage bar , and on equal pay for equal work . In Cambridge she worked closely with her good friend , the Homerton College-trained Leah Manning ( President of the National Union of Teachers in 1930 , elected as the Labour MP for Islington East in 1928 and then for Epping in 1945 ) . Both women were associated with the ragged school set up in a building in Young Street which is now the site of Anglia Ruskin University Music Therapy Department . In the 1930s Clara supported Mannings initiatives in parliament to welcome Basque children to Britain who were seeking refuge during the Spanish Civil War and some of these children were given homes in Cambridge . The Liberal Party . The youthful Clara was an admirer of William Gladstone . She was the leader of the Liberal group at Newnham College and spoke persuasively in student debates . When Gladstone died in 1898 on the day before she was due to begin part one of the Classical Tripos she was not told the news in case she were to do badly . Clara is first listed as a host of a public meeting in an advertisement that appeared on 24 October 1902 in The Cambridge Independent Press . Her attendance is reported at the public meeting on 29 October 1902 held at the old Sturton Hall . The Liberal Party were protesting against the Education Bill which would have excluded women from their role on school boards . Claras objection to the legislation was that it removed the right of women to be elected by local voters to their existing roles and made them reliant on the consent of other members of boards rather than a direct mandate from the people . Leading suffragist . Like other suffragists from a privileged background , Clara was brought into direct contact with the plight of the poor and disadvantaged through her work as a Poor Law Guardian and was deeply shocked by what she saw . Her experiences with poor relief for the Castle End ward of Cambridge ( 1904–15 ) reinforced her conviction that it was essential for women to have the vote if things were to change . Adela Adam , a classicist at Girton College and mother of Barbara Wootton ( later Baroness Wootton of Abinger ) , persuaded Clara to join the Cambridge Womens Suffrage Association . This was a branch of the constitutional , non-militant National Union of Womens Suffrage Societies ( NUWSS ) , the President of which was the veteran suffragist , Millicent Garrett Fawcett . Clara proved to be a first-class organiser , giving rousing speeches , and touring the surrounding villages to drum up support for womens suffrage . She was faced with a very hostile crowd in Newmarket . Clara was elected to the executive committee of the Eastern Federation of the NUWSS and then to the national executive committee which she chaired from 1909 to 1915 when she resigned to take up a position as a government factory inspector . Cambridge sent a sizeable contingent to the Great Pilgrimage of law-abiding suffragists that converged on Hyde Park from routes all over the country in 1913 . Clara joined the procession at Burwell and gave a stirring address to the marchers in the market square in Cambridge before the procession set off for Royston . In London Clara was seated on the podium next to Millicent Fawcett and formed part of the delegation to visit Asquith . Clara steered the national organisation through its most turbulent period in 1915 with considerable tact and skill when Millicent Fawcetts qualified support for womens involvement in the war effort was opposed by a majority of the NUWSS committee who tendered their resignations and by large sections of the membership who were either pacifists or primarily interested in ending the war by securing a negotiated peace with Germany . Clara managed to combine her deep personal loyalty to Fawcett with her own principled opposition to the war by the advocacy of a compromise whereby the NUWSS would agree to support womens war work in principle but individual members would be permitted to pursue whatever activities they wished either in war work , for example , working in hospitals , or supporting initiatives to bring about peace . Claras proposal was accepted as NUWSS policy thereby averting the very real danger of the organisation falling apart . After women over 30 were enfranchised under the 1918 Represention of the People Act , the NUWSS dissolved itself and was succeeded by the National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship in 1919 . Clara had no formal legal training but from 1923 to 1931 she edited , and often wrote , a legal column for The Womens Leader , the journal of the new organisation . Factory inspector . During The First World War Clara worked as a factory inspector for the Home Office and was one of four women appointed to temporary positions on 25 October 1915 working alongside Jeanette Tawney , wife of the philosopher R . H . Tawney . She was deployed initially in Lancashire and then in the London area . The post meant that she had to turn down the offer of an academic position at Bedford College in the University of London , which was founded as a womens college , because she could not be spared from work of national importance . She also worked voluntarily in the University of Liverpool Settlement . From 1930 to 1932 Clara served on the Royal Commission on Unemployment Insurance where she clashed with the cotton industry administrator Raymond Streat who thought unemployment benefits ( the dole ) too high , and wrongly assumed this was the consensus on the Commission . Clara was a signatory to a Minority Report by the Labour Party members on the Commission in 1933 . She later published a short book in which she demonstrated her own expertise on factory conditions , Factory Law in 1938 . She was a lifelong advocate of workers rights and an early advocate of the 40-hour work week . Labour Party politician in Cambridge . At the end of the First World War Clara joined the Labour Party though she stood as an Independent representing the National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship ( NUSEC ) in the Cambridge town council election of March 1919 . Clara developed a close relationship with Hugh Dalton , who was to become Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Attlee ministry of 1945 , and campaigned for Dalton when he contested the 1922 Cambridge by-election . Leah Manning remembered that , during the General Strike of 1926 , the Cambridge strike headquarters was in the Rackhams basement kitchen . Clara held numerous elected positions in Cambridge and was made an Alderman by both the City and the County Council . She was first elected as a councillor for West Chesterton in north Cambridge ( 1919–22 ) and was later returned for Romsey , a solidly working-class area of the city on the unfashionable side of the railway bridge in which many of the families of local railway workers lived in 1929 . Clara was returned unopposed to represent Romsey for the last time in 1946 . Clara stood for Parliament twice with no success : she was defeated in ( 1922 ) and lost heavily to a rising star in the Conservative Party , the sitting MP , R . A . Butler , in ( 1935 ) . With the exception of the few years in which she worked as a factory inspector she never left Cambridge . She fought innumerable battles to improve living conditions for the working-class communities in the north and east of the city , lobbying hard for the indoor heated swimming pool on the corner of Parkers Piece and Mill Road . Todays light and airy glass pool remains as one of her lasting achievements . She opened the Rock Road Public Library and also helped to finance the construction of the Labour Club on Mill Road which was built by voluntary labour in the 1920s . Ramsay MacDonald , the first Labour Party Prime Minister , laid the foundation stone in 1926 and Clara spoke at the opening ceremony in 1928 . Magistrate and penal reformer . Clara became a magistrate in 1920 , and , with Florence Ada Keynes ( mother of economist John Maynard Keynes ) and Edith Bethune Baker , was one of the first women in Cambridge to serve on the bench . The work of the criminal justice system and , in particular , the inhumane way in which the law dealt with juvenile offenders became a central concern for her throughout her life . Margery Fry , director of the Howard League for Penal Reform from its inception in 1921 , and another JP , was a good friend . Clara joined the Howard League and worked with Clara Martineau of Birmingham City Council as part of a group reporting on child sexual abuse to Parliament in 1925 . Clara was also a founder-member of the Magistrates Association in 1927 and an advocate of probation , and opponent of corporal punishment . In 1933 she wrote to The Manchester Guardian regarding the recent Children and Young Persons Act and drew attention to the range of options made available to magistrates when dealing with children in need of care or protection while criticising aspects of the legislation for not going far enough . In 1933 she argued that no young person under the age of 17 should be sent to prison . At the time the age limit was 14 . She resigned as a magistrate in 1950 , and from her other committees when she became aware that loss of hearing had made it virtually impossible for her to carry on . Pioneering Broadcaster . Clara was a pioneering broadcaster in the early days of BBC radio in the 1920s and one of the first women to be heard on the airwaves . She gave talks on the work of a magistrate and on legal matters . A series How we Manage Our Affairs in 1929 began with a talk How we Elect our Councillors . Education . Clara was chairman of the Cambridge County Council Education Committee from 1945 to 1957 and took a strong interest in girls education , nursery education , and education in the early years and campaigned for free school milk and meals for the benefit of undernourished children . She was a personal friend of Henry Morris , the innovative Director of Education for Cambridgeshire from 1922,and shared his visionary ideal of the village college . Village colleges combined secondary education with community and adult education and were set up in Sawston , Bottisham , Bassingbourn , Comberton , Impington , Linton and elsewhere in the countryside surrounding Cambridge with Claras enthusiastic support . However , she never fully embraced the Labour Partys post-war support for comprehensive education , believing that small selective grammar schools were of more benefit to working-class children . She served with Lilian Mary Hart Clark on the governing body of the Cambridge School of Arts , Crafts and Technology , which was renamed the Cambridgeshire College of Arts and Technology in 1958 , and Anglia Ruskin University in 2005 . A large modern building containing laboratories and teaching rooms was erected on the Cambridge campus in 1972 and named Rackham in her honour . This was demolished in 2009 . She had a lifelong interest in the education of working people , was a part-time lecturer in social history and local government for the Workers Educational Association , and elected Chairman of the WEA Eastern District . She always valued and retained her links with Newnham College where she organised a summer school for working women and was on the colleges governing body from 1920 to 1940 and on the Newnham College council from 1924 to 1931 . The Peace Movement . Like many former suffragists , Rackham placed her hopes for peace in the League of Nations between the wars and she attended meetings of the local Cambridge branch whenever she could . At the height of the Cold War , when the country was beset with fears of a nuclear war breaking out between the Soviet Union and the United States , Clara joined the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament which was founded in 1958 to call for Britain to lead the world in getting rid of nuclear weapons by disarming unilaterally . Her great-niece , Sarah Rackham , remembers being taken as a child on the annual CND march from Aldermaston to London . Clara participated in her last peace march in 1961 at the age of eighty-five . Other members of the Tabor family , including her niece , Mary Tabor , also remember being taken on the Aldermaston March by Clara when they were children . Final years . Clara became a well-known figure in Cambridge in her later years , riding everywhere on her bicycle , doing voluntary work in the community , enjoying her contact with young and old alike , adjusting with indomitable good humour to her own loss of hearing , and reading aloud to the partially sighted . In 1962 she delivered her last speech at the Golden Jubilee of the Cambridge Branch of the National Council of Women of Great Britain . In 1993 Joyce Bellamy and Eileen Price , who wrote the entry on Clara Rackham in The Dictionary of Labour Biography , recalled how overwhelmed they had been by the public response to a letter requesting information about Claras life and work which they had sent to The Cambridge Evening News in 1980 . Although she had been brought up in the Christian faith , her outlook on life became decidedly secular over the years and she eventually joined the Humanist Association . Bellamy and Price note that Clara had come to adopt the practice of waiting outside the borough council chamber until the prayers before council meetings had finished . She also refused the Mayoralty of the borough of Cambridge because she did not wish to take part in religious observances while agreeing to chair meetings of Cambridge City Council which were not preceded by prayers ( 1956–1958 ) . She declined the Freedom of the City of Cambridge , requesting instead that a bench be placed outside the Meadowcroft retirement home on Trumpington Road for the use of the residents . She stated that she did not want to have a bust of herself displayed in Shire Hall during her lifetime but stipulated that the council could do whatever they thought was appropriate after her death . Clara initially moved into the Langdon House residential care home after the death of her sister , Margaret , who had lived with her at 9 Park Terrace after Harris Rackham died . She then relocated herself voluntarily to Meadowcroft to make available a place at Langdon House for an old person who was poorer than she was before returning to Langdon House when another place there became available . Clara died peacefully in Langdon House in 1966 after enjoying her 90th birthday celebrations , which were attended by friends and well-wishers representing over twenty local organisations , charities , and voluntary groups which she had supported over the years . She was cremated at the cemetery in Huntingdon Road on 15 March 1966 . A tribute written in the Newnham College Roll Letter in 1967 reads : Publications . - Contribution to Cambridge : A Brief Study in Social Questions ( 1906 ) by Eglantyne Jebb , on co-operation - Survey of Cambridge for Social Conditions in Provincial Towns ( 1912 ) by Helen Bosanquet - Royal Commission on Unemployment Insurance , abridged minority report ( 1933 , Fabian Society ) - Factory Law ( 1938 ) - Lawless Youth . A Challenge to the New Europe . A Policy for the Juvenile Courts prepared by the International Committee of the Howard League for Penal Reform 1942–1945 ( 1947 ) , with Margery Fry , Max Grünhut , Hermann Mannheim , and Wanda Grabinska . Legacy . In 1944 Clara presented the Central Library in Cambridge with a unique collection of , for the most part , signed and numbered editions of Arthur Rackhams illustrated books . Rackham Close , in Arbury , Cambridge , is named after her as was a room in the Alex Wood Hall in Norfolk Street , the headquarters of the Cambridge City Labour Party . A bust was commissioned and manufactured but its whereabouts today are unknown . In 2018 , the centenary of some women obtaining the vote , Clara and Leah Manning were selected by the Womens Local Government Society to be included in their list of pioneers whose lives had inspired a younger generation to engage in service to their local communities . A celebration of Clara Rackhams life and work in words , music and theatre organised by Mary Joannou took place in the presence of members of the Rackham family at Anglia Ruskin University on 2 November 2018 . The event included a specially commissioned play entitled Clara Rackham and the General Strike written by local author Ros Connelly , young dancers from the Bodyworks Studio , and presentations by Sarah Rackham , Dr Deborah Thom and Councillor Anna Smith . The official civic ceremony in which the blue plaque was unveiled by Dame Stella Manzie , who spoke about Claras pioneering achievements in local government , took place at Newnham College on 20 November 2018 by kind permission of the Principal , Dame Carol Black and the Fellows . Dr Gillian Sutherland , Fellow Emerita at Newnham College , spoke about Clara in her historical context . Both events were filmed by Antony Carpen and may be seen on YouTube . The blue plaque was put up at 9 Park Terrace , a property belonging to Emmanuel College , on 25 January 2019 and a reception was held in Emmanuel College by kind permission of the Master , Dame Fiona Reynolds , and the Fellows . The blue plaque may be seen on the website of Cambridge , Past , Present and Future , a Cambridge charity which administers the blue plaque scheme . In 2019 The Friends of the Milton Road Library submitted a proposal to name one of the two community rooms in the re-opened Milton Road Library after Clara Rackham . This has yet to receive official approval . |
[
"Milans Primavera"
] | easy | Which team was coached by Filippo Inzaghi from 2014 to 2015? | /wiki/Filippo_Inzaghi#P6087#0 | Filippo Inzaghi Filippo Inzaghi ( ; born 9 August 1973 ) is an Italian former professional footballer and current manager , who serves as head coach of Serie B team Benevento . He was nicknamed by fans and commentators Superpippo or Alta tensione . Inzaghi played as a striker for several Italian clubs , and spent the most notable spells of his club career with Juventus and Milan , winning two UEFA Champions League titles ( 2003 , 2007 ) , and three Serie A titles ( 1998 , 2004 , 2011 ) . He is the seventh highest scorer in Italy , with 313 goals scored in official matches . He is currently the sixth-highest goal scorer in European club competitions with 70 goals , behind only Cristiano Ronaldo , Lionel Messi , Robert Lewandowski , Raúl and Karim Benzema . He is also Milans top international goal scorer in the clubs history with 43 goals . He also holds the record for most hat-tricks in Serie A with 10 . At international level , Inzaghi earned 57 caps for the Italy national team between 1997 and 2007 , scoring 25 goals . He represented his country at three FIFA World Cups , winning the 2006 edition , and he also took part at UEFA Euro 2000 , where he won a runners-up medal . Club career . Early career . Inzaghis favourite footballers as a child were Paolo Rossi and Marco van Basten . The elder brother of fellow footballer Simone Inzaghi , he got his start playing for hometown club Piacenza as a teenager in 1991 , but made only two league appearances before being loaned to Serie C1 side AlbinoLeffe , with whom he scored an impressive 13 goals in 21 matches . In 1993 , Inzaghi moved to Serie B club Hellas Verona and scored 13 goals in 36 league appearances . Upon his return to Piacenza , he scored 15 times in 37 games helping his team win Serie B and proving himself to be an exciting young prospect . Inzaghi made his Serie A debut when he transferred to Parma in 1995 , but scored only twice in 15 league matches . One of these two goals came against one of his former clubs , Piacenza , literally making him cry . He added another two goals in European competitions that season . The following season , he moved on to Atalanta , finishing as the Capocannoniere ( Serie As top scorer ) with 24 goals , and scored against every team in the league . He was awarded Serie A Young Footballer of the Year and served as team captain in the last game of the season . Juventus . Inzaghi , however , was soon on the move once again to his sixth team in seven seasons , this time to Juventus for a reported 23 billion lire . He formed a formidable attacking partnership along with Alessandro Del Piero and Zinedine Zidane , a tandem which would last for four seasons , under managers Marcello Lippi , and subsequently Carlo Ancelotti , marking Inzaghis longest stint with one team at the time . During his time with the Bianconeri , he scored two Champions League hat-tricks – against Dynamo Kyiv and Hamburger SV – becoming the first player to do so . During his first season with the club , Inzaghi scored two goals as Juventus beat Vicenza 3–0 in the 1997 Supercoppa Italiana . Juventus won the Scudetto during the 1997–98 season , in which Inzaghi scored 18 goals , including a decisive , Scudetto-winning hat-trick against Bologna . He also scored six goals to help Juventus reach the Champions League final , although they were defeated 1–0 by Real Madrid . The 1998–99 season was less successful for Juventus , as they suffered a defeat in the 1998 Supercoppa Italiana to Lazio , and finished the season with a disappointing seventh place in Serie A . Inzaghi still managed 20 goals in all competitions , finishing the season as the clubs top-scorer ; Six of his goals came in the Champions League , as Juventus were eliminated in the semi-finals by eventual champions Manchester United . During the second leg of the semi-finals in Turin , Inzaghi scored two goals in the first ten minutes , but Manchester United eventually managed to come back and win the match 3–2 . Inzaghi helped Juventus win the 1999 UEFA Intertoto Cup , scoring five goals in the semi-finals against Rostov , and two in the finals against Rennes , qualifying Juventus for the UEFA Cup that season . Inzaghi scored 15 goals in Serie A as Juventus narrowly missed out on the title to Lazio , suffering a defeat on the final matchday . The following season , Inzaghi managed 11 goals in Serie A as Juventus finished second in the league for the second consecutive season ; he also scored five goals in the UEFA Champions League , including a hat-trick in a 4–4 draw against Hamburger SV , although Juventus were eliminated in the first round . With 16 goals in all competitions , he was Juventuss top goalscorer for the third consecutive season . However , his once excellent partnership with Del Piero had become less effective in recent seasons , due to their lack of understanding , individualism , and their strained relationship both on and off the pitch . Milan . Despite a very good tally of 89 goals in 165 games for the Bianconeri , Inzaghi was soon benched in favour of David Trezeguet and on 2 July 2001 signed for Milan for a reported 70 billion lire , or 45 billion lire cash plus Cristian Zenoni . ( Sky Sports reported a smaller total figure , £17 million ) for the 2001–02 campaign by coach Fatih Terim . Juventus announced that the sale of Inzaghi produced a capital gain of €31.1 million to the club , making the actual transfer fee much exceed that figure . Inzaghi , however , suffered a knee injury and missed the first half of the season . Upon his return , he was able to forge a strong goalscoring partnership with Andriy Shevchenko , and he soon racked up an impressive trophy count with the Rossoneri under new manager Carlo Ancelotti , among them the 2002–03 Champions League ( in which Milan defeated his previous team , Juventus , in the final on penalties ) , along with the 2002–03 Coppa Italia ( scoring in a 2–2 draw in the second leg ) , the 2003 UEFA Super Cup , the 2004 Supercoppa Italiana , and the 2003–04 Scudetto . In the 2002–03 Champions League campaign , he scored his record third Champions League hat-trick against Deportivo de La Coruña in the Group Stage and a decisive goal in quarter-finals against Ajax , totalling 12 European goals in that season . In November 2004 , he signed a contract extension with the club . Inzaghi was able to fully recover from persistent knee injuries that had dogged him for two years to the extent that he regained his predatory goalscoring form by scoring 12 goals in 22 Serie A matches in 2005–06 , along with four goals in five Champions League appearances ; two against Olympique Lyonnais in the quarter-finals and another two against Bayern Munich in the first knockout stage . He scored the decisive goal against the Bavarians in the 2007 quarter-finals , helping Milan to reach the semi-finals of the competition . On 23 May 2007 , in the 2007 Champions League final in Athens , he scored both of Milans goals in their 2–1 victory over Liverpool in a rematch of the 2005 final . He declared after the match : At the start of the 2007–08 season , he picked up where he left off in Athens , scoring the equalizer in the Super Cup in Milans 3–1 victory over Sevilla . Inzaghi capped off the year by scoring two goals in the final of the 2007 Club World Cup , helping Milan win 4–2 against Boca Juniors to take revenge for the defeat on penalties in 2003 . On 24 February 2008 , Inzaghi scored the match-winning goal in Milans 2–1 win over Palermo with a diving header after coming into the game from the bench ; it marked his first Serie A goal in over a year . This was followed by ten more goals in the league , the last against Udinese . This strike against Udinese was his 100th goal for the club in official games . But despite incredible form , Italy national team manager Roberto Donadoni declined to call him for Euro 2008 . In November 2008 , Inzaghi agreed to a contract extension with Milan until June 2010 . On 8 March 2009 , Inzaghi scored his first hat-trick of the season for Milan against Atalanta , leading his team to a 3–0 victory at the San Siro . His 300th career goal came in the 5–1 thrashing of Siena away from home . He then went on to score three goals against Torino , his second professional hat-trick in that season . Scoring this hat-trick enabled Super Pippo — his nickname in the media – to set a record for the player with the most hat-tricks in Serie A over the last 25 years . With ten hat-tricks in Serie A , Inzaghi is ahead of Giuseppe Signori ( 9 ) , Hernán Crespo ( 8 ) , Roberto Baggio , Marco van Basten , Gabriel Batistuta , Abel Balbo , Vincenzo Montella ( 7 ) , Antonio Di Natale and David Trezeguet ( 6 ) . Inzaghi scored one hat-trick for Atalanta , four for Juventus , and five for Milan . In the 2009–10 season , under manager Leonardo , Inzaghi was relegated to the role of backup player with his contract set to expire in June 2010 . On 21 May 2010 , he was offered a new one-year contract which would last until 30 June 2011 . On 3 November 2010 , in the UEFA Champions League 2010–11 Group Stage campaign , with Milan trailing by 1–0 to Real Madrid , Inzaghi came off the bench in the second half and scored a brace to give Milan a 2–1 lead . Pedro León , however , equalized in the 94th minute , with the final score ending 2–2 . On that occasion , he became the new all-time top scorer of all European club competitions with 70 goals . He also became the second-oldest player to score in the Champions League , aged 37 years and 85 days , behind only Manchester Uniteds Ryan Giggs , now surpassed by Inzaghis compatriot Francesco Totti . With these two goals , Inzaghi went ahead of his idol Marco van Basten on the club list of the all-time top goalscorers with 125 goals . On 10 November 2010 , Inzaghi suffered a serious injury while playing for Milan against Palermo . A statement on the official Milan club website confirmed that Inzaghi had suffered a lesion of the anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) and associated lesion to the external meniscus of the left knee . It was thought he would be out for the rest of the season . Due to his age , this injury could have ended his career ; nonetheless , Inzaghi was very optimistic . On 7 May 2011 , with Inzaghi still out recovering from his injury , Milan won the 2010–11 Serie A title . After being sidelined by injury for six months , he came off the bench for the first time since his injury on 14 May , with Milan defeating Cagliari 4–1 . He extended his contract till June 2012 during the 2011–12 pre-season . Just like with Andrea Pirlo in 2011 , Milan decided not to renew the contracts of several veteran players at the end of the season and Inzaghi was one of those , along with Gennaro Gattuso , Clarence Seedorf , Alessandro Nesta , and Gianluca Zambrotta . He played his final game for Milan against Novara on 13 May 2012 and marked his performance by scoring the winning goal , much to the joy of the fans . On 24 July 2012 , Inzaghi announced his retirement from professional football to start a coaching career . European competition records . With 70 goals , Inzaghi is the sixth-highest scorer in European club competitions , behind only Cristiano Ronaldo , Lionel Messi , Robert Lewandowski , Raúl and Karim Benzema . He became the first player to score two Champions League hat-tricks – both with Juventus — when he netted a treble during a 4–4 group stage draw with Hamburger SV on 13 September 2000 ; his first was in a 4–1 victory over Dynamo Kyiv during the 1997–98 quarter–finals . Inzaghi scored a record third Champions League hat-trick in a 4–0 win against Deportivo de La Coruña in the 2002–03 season , while playing for Milan . This record would later be tied by Michael Owen , who has scored two hat-tricks for Liverpool and a third for Manchester United . International career . Between 1993 and 1996 , Inzaghi made 14 appearances for the Italy under-21 team , scoring three goals ; he was also a member of the Italy under-21 squad that won the 1994 UEFA European Under-21 Championship . Inzaghi earned his first senior cap for Italy in the Tournoi de France , against Brazil on 8 June 1997 , under his former under-21 manager Cesare Maldini , and provided an assist to goalscorer Alessandro Del Piero . Italy went on to draw 3–3 . He scored his first goal for Italy on 18 November 1998 , in a 2–2 friendly draw against Spain ; he has since scored 25 goals in 57 appearances . He was called up for the 1998 FIFA World Cup , Euro 2000 , the 2002 World Cup and the 2006 World Cup . Although Inzaghi went scoreless throughout the 1998 World Cup , as he was mainly deployed as a substitute , he came off the bench to set up a goal for Roberto Baggio in Italys final group match against Austria , which ended in a 2–1 win , and allowed Italy to top their group ; Italy were knocked out in the quarter finals on penalties to hosts and eventual champions France . At Euro 2000 , he was one of Italys starting strikers under the new Italy manager Dino Zoff . He scored two goals throughout the tournament ; his first came from a penalty , in Italys 2–1 opening group win over Turkey , in which he was named man of the match , while his second came in a 2–0 win over Romania in the quarter-finals of the competition ; he also set up Stefano Fiores goal in a 2–0 win over co-hosts Belgium in his nations second group match of the tournament . His performances helped Italy reach the final , where they were defeated by France once again , on a golden goal . Along with Francesco Totti , he was Italys top-scorer throughout the tournament . Under Zoffs replacement , Giovanni Trapattoni , Inzaghi was Italys top goalscorer during the qualifying rounds of the 2002 World Cup and Euro 2004 , scoring his first and only international hat-trick in a 4–0 home win over Wales on 6 September 2003 , although he missed the latter tournament due to injury . He went scoreless throughout the 2002 World Cup , making two appearances , as Italy were controversially eliminated in the round of 16 to co-hosts South Korea ; in Italys 2–1 loss to Croatia in their second group match , Materazzi played a floating ball over the top from just over half way to Inzaghi in the 90th minute , but everyone missed the ball and it rolled into the back of the net , although the goal was disallowed after referee Graham Poll claimed that Inzaghi had grabbed an opponents shirt . Inzaghi also had a goal wrongly disallowed in Italys final group match against Mexico , which ended in a 1–1 draw . Inzaghis persistent knee and ankle injuries put a halt to his international play for almost two years before his resurgence at club level , which resulted in being called up by Italy coach Marcello Lippi for the 2006 World Cup final tournament . Due to the abundance of other top strikers such as Alessandro Del Piero , Francesco Totti and Luca Toni , Inzaghi made his only appearance – subbing on for Alberto Gilardino — in Italys final group stage match against the Czech Republic on 22 June 2006 , scoring his only goal in the tournament , rounding Petr Čech in a one-on-one encounter to net in Italys second goal , which made him the oldest player to have scored for Italy in a World Cup , after Daniele Massaro . Italy went on to win the tournament , defeating France on penalties in the final . Following Italys fourth World Cup victory , Inzaghi made six appearances under new manager Roberto Donadoni in Italys UEFA Euro 2008 qualification campaign , scoring three goals , two of which came in a 2–1 away win against the Faroe Islands on 2 June 2007 . He was not called up for the final tournament , however , where Italy were eliminated by eventual champions Spain in the quarter-finals on penalties , and he made his last appearance for Italy on 8 September 2007 , in a 0–0 draw against France in Milan . Inzaghi is currently the sixth-highest goalscorer in the Italian national teams history , with 25 goals , alongside Adolfo Baloncieri and Alessandro Altobelli . Style of play . Inzaghi was an intelligent , extremely fast , and opportunistic player , with excellent reactions and a lanky , slender physique ; although not very technically gifted , he was known for his great skill in taking advantage of the carelessness of his opponents , his excellent positional sense in the area , and his eye for goal , making a name for himself as a goal poacher , due to his style of play and tendency to operate mainly in the penalty box . These qualities , along with his finishing ability with both his head and feet , made him one of the most prolific strikers of the past decades . Inzaghi was described as a player who lived on the offside line . When he was first called up to the national team , the other Italian players were surprised at his lack of technical accomplishment , but came to accept him because he scored so frequently . Johan Cruyff grudgingly described this contrast—Look , actually he cant play football at all . Hes just always in the right position . Fans nicknamed him Super Pippo , the Italian name for the superhero alter–ego of Walt Disneys cartoon character Goofy . Tactically , Inzaghi was noted for his vision and ability to read the game , as well as his outstanding offensive movement off the ball , ability to play off the shoulders of the last defender , and to time his attacking runs to beat the offside trap , leading long-time Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson to quip , That lad must have been born offside . Although in the past , due to his poor defensive work-rate , and lack of notable technical skills , strength in the air , or long range striking ability , he was initially accused by some in the sport for being a limited striker or a lucky player , and also drew criticism at times for being selfish , for not participating in the build-up of plays , and for going to ground too easily , he has been praised by several of his former managers and teammates for his prolific goalscoring ; Despite his lack of significant talent , Inzaghi and others attribute his success , aside from technical prowess , to personal drive , intelligence , and determination . Due to his opportunistic playing style , Inzaghi was frequently compared to Paolo Rossi throughout his career . Despite his prolific goalscoring , Inzaghi was often considered injury prone throughout his career . Coaching career . Milan . Inzaghi started his coaching career at the beginning of the 2012–13 season , signing a two-year deal as the manager of Milans Primavera ( under-19 ) team . On 9 June 2014 , Inzaghi was named manager of Milans first team after the dismissal of his former Rossoneri teammate Clarence Seedorf . In Inzaghis first match as a manager in Serie A on 31 August , Milan defeated Lazio 3–1 at the San Siro . Inzaghi then led Milan to a second consecutive win in an exciting match that ended with a 5–4 Milan win against Parma . On 4 June 2015 Adriano Galliani , the CEO of Milan , announced that Inzaghi would not be the coach for next season . He was officially dismissed on 16 June 2015 . Venezia . On 7 June 2016 , Inzaghi was appointed as the new coach of ambitious Lega Pro club Venezia . On 19 April 2017 , after beating Parma to top spot , he won promotion to Serie B as champions . He also won the Coppa Italia Lega Pro in the same season . During the 2017–18 season , Inzaghi guided the Venetians to a fifth-place finish in Serie B , finishing in the playoffs positions to earn promotion to Serie A . After eliminating Perugia ( coached by his former teammate Alessandro Nesta ) in the preliminary round , his team was defeated by Palermo in the semi-finals . Bologna . On 13 June 2018 , Inzaghi was announced as the new head coach of top-flight Bologna , taking over from Roberto Donadoni . He faced a Lazio side coached by his younger brother Simone in an eventual 0–2 defeat on 26 December . Following a record of two wins in 21 games , he was dismissed on 28 January 2019 and replaced by Siniša Mihajlović . Benevento . On 22 June 2019 , Inzaghi was appointed manager of Benevento in Serie B . On 30 June the following year , his club achieved promotion as champions with seven games remaining , reaching Serie A for the second time in their history . On his Serie A debut for the team , they won 3–2 at Sampdoria on 26 September , having been losing 2–0 . Media . Inzaghi features in EA Sports FIFA video game series ; he was on the cover for the Italian edition of FIFA 2001 , and was named in the Ultimate Team Legends in FIFA 14 . In 2015 , the arcade game company Konami announced that Inzaghi would feature in their football video game Pro Evolution Soccer 2016 as one of the new myClub Legends . Honours . Player . Club . Piacenza - Serie B : 1994–95 Juventus - Serie A : 1997–98 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1997 - UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1999 Milan - Serie A : 2003–04 , 2010–11 - Coppa Italia : 2002–03 - UEFA Champions League : 2002–03 , 2006–07 - UEFA Super Cup : 2003 , 2007 - FIFA Club World Cup : 2007 International . Italy Youth - UEFA European Under-21 Championship : 1994 Italy - FIFA World Cup : 2006 Individual . - Serie A Young Footballer of the Year : 1997 - Serie A top scorer : 1996–97 - 2007 UEFA Champions League Final : Man of the Match - All time Italys Top goal scorer under UEFA club competition records - All time Milans Top goal scorer in Europe - Premio Nazionale Carriera Esemplare Gaetano Scirea : 2007 - A.C . Milan Top Goalscorer ( 2002–03 Season ) - A.C . Milan Hall of Fame - Niccolo Galli Memorial Award - Grand Prix Sport And Communication Award - Gran Galà del Calcio AIC Lifetime Achievement Award : 2012 - Player Career Award in the Globe Soccer Awards : 2014 Manager . Venezia - Lega Pro : 2016–17 - Coppa Italia Lega Pro : 2016–17 Benevento - Serie B : 2019–20 Individual . Panchina dArgento : 2020 External links . - On a whinge and a prayer – soccernet.com - Profile at LegaSerieA.it - Profile at Italia1910.com - Profile at FIGC.it |
[
"Lega Pro club Venezia"
] | easy | Filippo Inzaghi was the coach of which team from 2016 to 2018? | /wiki/Filippo_Inzaghi#P6087#1 | Filippo Inzaghi Filippo Inzaghi ( ; born 9 August 1973 ) is an Italian former professional footballer and current manager , who serves as head coach of Serie B team Benevento . He was nicknamed by fans and commentators Superpippo or Alta tensione . Inzaghi played as a striker for several Italian clubs , and spent the most notable spells of his club career with Juventus and Milan , winning two UEFA Champions League titles ( 2003 , 2007 ) , and three Serie A titles ( 1998 , 2004 , 2011 ) . He is the seventh highest scorer in Italy , with 313 goals scored in official matches . He is currently the sixth-highest goal scorer in European club competitions with 70 goals , behind only Cristiano Ronaldo , Lionel Messi , Robert Lewandowski , Raúl and Karim Benzema . He is also Milans top international goal scorer in the clubs history with 43 goals . He also holds the record for most hat-tricks in Serie A with 10 . At international level , Inzaghi earned 57 caps for the Italy national team between 1997 and 2007 , scoring 25 goals . He represented his country at three FIFA World Cups , winning the 2006 edition , and he also took part at UEFA Euro 2000 , where he won a runners-up medal . Club career . Early career . Inzaghis favourite footballers as a child were Paolo Rossi and Marco van Basten . The elder brother of fellow footballer Simone Inzaghi , he got his start playing for hometown club Piacenza as a teenager in 1991 , but made only two league appearances before being loaned to Serie C1 side AlbinoLeffe , with whom he scored an impressive 13 goals in 21 matches . In 1993 , Inzaghi moved to Serie B club Hellas Verona and scored 13 goals in 36 league appearances . Upon his return to Piacenza , he scored 15 times in 37 games helping his team win Serie B and proving himself to be an exciting young prospect . Inzaghi made his Serie A debut when he transferred to Parma in 1995 , but scored only twice in 15 league matches . One of these two goals came against one of his former clubs , Piacenza , literally making him cry . He added another two goals in European competitions that season . The following season , he moved on to Atalanta , finishing as the Capocannoniere ( Serie As top scorer ) with 24 goals , and scored against every team in the league . He was awarded Serie A Young Footballer of the Year and served as team captain in the last game of the season . Juventus . Inzaghi , however , was soon on the move once again to his sixth team in seven seasons , this time to Juventus for a reported 23 billion lire . He formed a formidable attacking partnership along with Alessandro Del Piero and Zinedine Zidane , a tandem which would last for four seasons , under managers Marcello Lippi , and subsequently Carlo Ancelotti , marking Inzaghis longest stint with one team at the time . During his time with the Bianconeri , he scored two Champions League hat-tricks – against Dynamo Kyiv and Hamburger SV – becoming the first player to do so . During his first season with the club , Inzaghi scored two goals as Juventus beat Vicenza 3–0 in the 1997 Supercoppa Italiana . Juventus won the Scudetto during the 1997–98 season , in which Inzaghi scored 18 goals , including a decisive , Scudetto-winning hat-trick against Bologna . He also scored six goals to help Juventus reach the Champions League final , although they were defeated 1–0 by Real Madrid . The 1998–99 season was less successful for Juventus , as they suffered a defeat in the 1998 Supercoppa Italiana to Lazio , and finished the season with a disappointing seventh place in Serie A . Inzaghi still managed 20 goals in all competitions , finishing the season as the clubs top-scorer ; Six of his goals came in the Champions League , as Juventus were eliminated in the semi-finals by eventual champions Manchester United . During the second leg of the semi-finals in Turin , Inzaghi scored two goals in the first ten minutes , but Manchester United eventually managed to come back and win the match 3–2 . Inzaghi helped Juventus win the 1999 UEFA Intertoto Cup , scoring five goals in the semi-finals against Rostov , and two in the finals against Rennes , qualifying Juventus for the UEFA Cup that season . Inzaghi scored 15 goals in Serie A as Juventus narrowly missed out on the title to Lazio , suffering a defeat on the final matchday . The following season , Inzaghi managed 11 goals in Serie A as Juventus finished second in the league for the second consecutive season ; he also scored five goals in the UEFA Champions League , including a hat-trick in a 4–4 draw against Hamburger SV , although Juventus were eliminated in the first round . With 16 goals in all competitions , he was Juventuss top goalscorer for the third consecutive season . However , his once excellent partnership with Del Piero had become less effective in recent seasons , due to their lack of understanding , individualism , and their strained relationship both on and off the pitch . Milan . Despite a very good tally of 89 goals in 165 games for the Bianconeri , Inzaghi was soon benched in favour of David Trezeguet and on 2 July 2001 signed for Milan for a reported 70 billion lire , or 45 billion lire cash plus Cristian Zenoni . ( Sky Sports reported a smaller total figure , £17 million ) for the 2001–02 campaign by coach Fatih Terim . Juventus announced that the sale of Inzaghi produced a capital gain of €31.1 million to the club , making the actual transfer fee much exceed that figure . Inzaghi , however , suffered a knee injury and missed the first half of the season . Upon his return , he was able to forge a strong goalscoring partnership with Andriy Shevchenko , and he soon racked up an impressive trophy count with the Rossoneri under new manager Carlo Ancelotti , among them the 2002–03 Champions League ( in which Milan defeated his previous team , Juventus , in the final on penalties ) , along with the 2002–03 Coppa Italia ( scoring in a 2–2 draw in the second leg ) , the 2003 UEFA Super Cup , the 2004 Supercoppa Italiana , and the 2003–04 Scudetto . In the 2002–03 Champions League campaign , he scored his record third Champions League hat-trick against Deportivo de La Coruña in the Group Stage and a decisive goal in quarter-finals against Ajax , totalling 12 European goals in that season . In November 2004 , he signed a contract extension with the club . Inzaghi was able to fully recover from persistent knee injuries that had dogged him for two years to the extent that he regained his predatory goalscoring form by scoring 12 goals in 22 Serie A matches in 2005–06 , along with four goals in five Champions League appearances ; two against Olympique Lyonnais in the quarter-finals and another two against Bayern Munich in the first knockout stage . He scored the decisive goal against the Bavarians in the 2007 quarter-finals , helping Milan to reach the semi-finals of the competition . On 23 May 2007 , in the 2007 Champions League final in Athens , he scored both of Milans goals in their 2–1 victory over Liverpool in a rematch of the 2005 final . He declared after the match : At the start of the 2007–08 season , he picked up where he left off in Athens , scoring the equalizer in the Super Cup in Milans 3–1 victory over Sevilla . Inzaghi capped off the year by scoring two goals in the final of the 2007 Club World Cup , helping Milan win 4–2 against Boca Juniors to take revenge for the defeat on penalties in 2003 . On 24 February 2008 , Inzaghi scored the match-winning goal in Milans 2–1 win over Palermo with a diving header after coming into the game from the bench ; it marked his first Serie A goal in over a year . This was followed by ten more goals in the league , the last against Udinese . This strike against Udinese was his 100th goal for the club in official games . But despite incredible form , Italy national team manager Roberto Donadoni declined to call him for Euro 2008 . In November 2008 , Inzaghi agreed to a contract extension with Milan until June 2010 . On 8 March 2009 , Inzaghi scored his first hat-trick of the season for Milan against Atalanta , leading his team to a 3–0 victory at the San Siro . His 300th career goal came in the 5–1 thrashing of Siena away from home . He then went on to score three goals against Torino , his second professional hat-trick in that season . Scoring this hat-trick enabled Super Pippo — his nickname in the media – to set a record for the player with the most hat-tricks in Serie A over the last 25 years . With ten hat-tricks in Serie A , Inzaghi is ahead of Giuseppe Signori ( 9 ) , Hernán Crespo ( 8 ) , Roberto Baggio , Marco van Basten , Gabriel Batistuta , Abel Balbo , Vincenzo Montella ( 7 ) , Antonio Di Natale and David Trezeguet ( 6 ) . Inzaghi scored one hat-trick for Atalanta , four for Juventus , and five for Milan . In the 2009–10 season , under manager Leonardo , Inzaghi was relegated to the role of backup player with his contract set to expire in June 2010 . On 21 May 2010 , he was offered a new one-year contract which would last until 30 June 2011 . On 3 November 2010 , in the UEFA Champions League 2010–11 Group Stage campaign , with Milan trailing by 1–0 to Real Madrid , Inzaghi came off the bench in the second half and scored a brace to give Milan a 2–1 lead . Pedro León , however , equalized in the 94th minute , with the final score ending 2–2 . On that occasion , he became the new all-time top scorer of all European club competitions with 70 goals . He also became the second-oldest player to score in the Champions League , aged 37 years and 85 days , behind only Manchester Uniteds Ryan Giggs , now surpassed by Inzaghis compatriot Francesco Totti . With these two goals , Inzaghi went ahead of his idol Marco van Basten on the club list of the all-time top goalscorers with 125 goals . On 10 November 2010 , Inzaghi suffered a serious injury while playing for Milan against Palermo . A statement on the official Milan club website confirmed that Inzaghi had suffered a lesion of the anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) and associated lesion to the external meniscus of the left knee . It was thought he would be out for the rest of the season . Due to his age , this injury could have ended his career ; nonetheless , Inzaghi was very optimistic . On 7 May 2011 , with Inzaghi still out recovering from his injury , Milan won the 2010–11 Serie A title . After being sidelined by injury for six months , he came off the bench for the first time since his injury on 14 May , with Milan defeating Cagliari 4–1 . He extended his contract till June 2012 during the 2011–12 pre-season . Just like with Andrea Pirlo in 2011 , Milan decided not to renew the contracts of several veteran players at the end of the season and Inzaghi was one of those , along with Gennaro Gattuso , Clarence Seedorf , Alessandro Nesta , and Gianluca Zambrotta . He played his final game for Milan against Novara on 13 May 2012 and marked his performance by scoring the winning goal , much to the joy of the fans . On 24 July 2012 , Inzaghi announced his retirement from professional football to start a coaching career . European competition records . With 70 goals , Inzaghi is the sixth-highest scorer in European club competitions , behind only Cristiano Ronaldo , Lionel Messi , Robert Lewandowski , Raúl and Karim Benzema . He became the first player to score two Champions League hat-tricks – both with Juventus — when he netted a treble during a 4–4 group stage draw with Hamburger SV on 13 September 2000 ; his first was in a 4–1 victory over Dynamo Kyiv during the 1997–98 quarter–finals . Inzaghi scored a record third Champions League hat-trick in a 4–0 win against Deportivo de La Coruña in the 2002–03 season , while playing for Milan . This record would later be tied by Michael Owen , who has scored two hat-tricks for Liverpool and a third for Manchester United . International career . Between 1993 and 1996 , Inzaghi made 14 appearances for the Italy under-21 team , scoring three goals ; he was also a member of the Italy under-21 squad that won the 1994 UEFA European Under-21 Championship . Inzaghi earned his first senior cap for Italy in the Tournoi de France , against Brazil on 8 June 1997 , under his former under-21 manager Cesare Maldini , and provided an assist to goalscorer Alessandro Del Piero . Italy went on to draw 3–3 . He scored his first goal for Italy on 18 November 1998 , in a 2–2 friendly draw against Spain ; he has since scored 25 goals in 57 appearances . He was called up for the 1998 FIFA World Cup , Euro 2000 , the 2002 World Cup and the 2006 World Cup . Although Inzaghi went scoreless throughout the 1998 World Cup , as he was mainly deployed as a substitute , he came off the bench to set up a goal for Roberto Baggio in Italys final group match against Austria , which ended in a 2–1 win , and allowed Italy to top their group ; Italy were knocked out in the quarter finals on penalties to hosts and eventual champions France . At Euro 2000 , he was one of Italys starting strikers under the new Italy manager Dino Zoff . He scored two goals throughout the tournament ; his first came from a penalty , in Italys 2–1 opening group win over Turkey , in which he was named man of the match , while his second came in a 2–0 win over Romania in the quarter-finals of the competition ; he also set up Stefano Fiores goal in a 2–0 win over co-hosts Belgium in his nations second group match of the tournament . His performances helped Italy reach the final , where they were defeated by France once again , on a golden goal . Along with Francesco Totti , he was Italys top-scorer throughout the tournament . Under Zoffs replacement , Giovanni Trapattoni , Inzaghi was Italys top goalscorer during the qualifying rounds of the 2002 World Cup and Euro 2004 , scoring his first and only international hat-trick in a 4–0 home win over Wales on 6 September 2003 , although he missed the latter tournament due to injury . He went scoreless throughout the 2002 World Cup , making two appearances , as Italy were controversially eliminated in the round of 16 to co-hosts South Korea ; in Italys 2–1 loss to Croatia in their second group match , Materazzi played a floating ball over the top from just over half way to Inzaghi in the 90th minute , but everyone missed the ball and it rolled into the back of the net , although the goal was disallowed after referee Graham Poll claimed that Inzaghi had grabbed an opponents shirt . Inzaghi also had a goal wrongly disallowed in Italys final group match against Mexico , which ended in a 1–1 draw . Inzaghis persistent knee and ankle injuries put a halt to his international play for almost two years before his resurgence at club level , which resulted in being called up by Italy coach Marcello Lippi for the 2006 World Cup final tournament . Due to the abundance of other top strikers such as Alessandro Del Piero , Francesco Totti and Luca Toni , Inzaghi made his only appearance – subbing on for Alberto Gilardino — in Italys final group stage match against the Czech Republic on 22 June 2006 , scoring his only goal in the tournament , rounding Petr Čech in a one-on-one encounter to net in Italys second goal , which made him the oldest player to have scored for Italy in a World Cup , after Daniele Massaro . Italy went on to win the tournament , defeating France on penalties in the final . Following Italys fourth World Cup victory , Inzaghi made six appearances under new manager Roberto Donadoni in Italys UEFA Euro 2008 qualification campaign , scoring three goals , two of which came in a 2–1 away win against the Faroe Islands on 2 June 2007 . He was not called up for the final tournament , however , where Italy were eliminated by eventual champions Spain in the quarter-finals on penalties , and he made his last appearance for Italy on 8 September 2007 , in a 0–0 draw against France in Milan . Inzaghi is currently the sixth-highest goalscorer in the Italian national teams history , with 25 goals , alongside Adolfo Baloncieri and Alessandro Altobelli . Style of play . Inzaghi was an intelligent , extremely fast , and opportunistic player , with excellent reactions and a lanky , slender physique ; although not very technically gifted , he was known for his great skill in taking advantage of the carelessness of his opponents , his excellent positional sense in the area , and his eye for goal , making a name for himself as a goal poacher , due to his style of play and tendency to operate mainly in the penalty box . These qualities , along with his finishing ability with both his head and feet , made him one of the most prolific strikers of the past decades . Inzaghi was described as a player who lived on the offside line . When he was first called up to the national team , the other Italian players were surprised at his lack of technical accomplishment , but came to accept him because he scored so frequently . Johan Cruyff grudgingly described this contrast—Look , actually he cant play football at all . Hes just always in the right position . Fans nicknamed him Super Pippo , the Italian name for the superhero alter–ego of Walt Disneys cartoon character Goofy . Tactically , Inzaghi was noted for his vision and ability to read the game , as well as his outstanding offensive movement off the ball , ability to play off the shoulders of the last defender , and to time his attacking runs to beat the offside trap , leading long-time Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson to quip , That lad must have been born offside . Although in the past , due to his poor defensive work-rate , and lack of notable technical skills , strength in the air , or long range striking ability , he was initially accused by some in the sport for being a limited striker or a lucky player , and also drew criticism at times for being selfish , for not participating in the build-up of plays , and for going to ground too easily , he has been praised by several of his former managers and teammates for his prolific goalscoring ; Despite his lack of significant talent , Inzaghi and others attribute his success , aside from technical prowess , to personal drive , intelligence , and determination . Due to his opportunistic playing style , Inzaghi was frequently compared to Paolo Rossi throughout his career . Despite his prolific goalscoring , Inzaghi was often considered injury prone throughout his career . Coaching career . Milan . Inzaghi started his coaching career at the beginning of the 2012–13 season , signing a two-year deal as the manager of Milans Primavera ( under-19 ) team . On 9 June 2014 , Inzaghi was named manager of Milans first team after the dismissal of his former Rossoneri teammate Clarence Seedorf . In Inzaghis first match as a manager in Serie A on 31 August , Milan defeated Lazio 3–1 at the San Siro . Inzaghi then led Milan to a second consecutive win in an exciting match that ended with a 5–4 Milan win against Parma . On 4 June 2015 Adriano Galliani , the CEO of Milan , announced that Inzaghi would not be the coach for next season . He was officially dismissed on 16 June 2015 . Venezia . On 7 June 2016 , Inzaghi was appointed as the new coach of ambitious Lega Pro club Venezia . On 19 April 2017 , after beating Parma to top spot , he won promotion to Serie B as champions . He also won the Coppa Italia Lega Pro in the same season . During the 2017–18 season , Inzaghi guided the Venetians to a fifth-place finish in Serie B , finishing in the playoffs positions to earn promotion to Serie A . After eliminating Perugia ( coached by his former teammate Alessandro Nesta ) in the preliminary round , his team was defeated by Palermo in the semi-finals . Bologna . On 13 June 2018 , Inzaghi was announced as the new head coach of top-flight Bologna , taking over from Roberto Donadoni . He faced a Lazio side coached by his younger brother Simone in an eventual 0–2 defeat on 26 December . Following a record of two wins in 21 games , he was dismissed on 28 January 2019 and replaced by Siniša Mihajlović . Benevento . On 22 June 2019 , Inzaghi was appointed manager of Benevento in Serie B . On 30 June the following year , his club achieved promotion as champions with seven games remaining , reaching Serie A for the second time in their history . On his Serie A debut for the team , they won 3–2 at Sampdoria on 26 September , having been losing 2–0 . Media . Inzaghi features in EA Sports FIFA video game series ; he was on the cover for the Italian edition of FIFA 2001 , and was named in the Ultimate Team Legends in FIFA 14 . In 2015 , the arcade game company Konami announced that Inzaghi would feature in their football video game Pro Evolution Soccer 2016 as one of the new myClub Legends . Honours . Player . Club . Piacenza - Serie B : 1994–95 Juventus - Serie A : 1997–98 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1997 - UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1999 Milan - Serie A : 2003–04 , 2010–11 - Coppa Italia : 2002–03 - UEFA Champions League : 2002–03 , 2006–07 - UEFA Super Cup : 2003 , 2007 - FIFA Club World Cup : 2007 International . Italy Youth - UEFA European Under-21 Championship : 1994 Italy - FIFA World Cup : 2006 Individual . - Serie A Young Footballer of the Year : 1997 - Serie A top scorer : 1996–97 - 2007 UEFA Champions League Final : Man of the Match - All time Italys Top goal scorer under UEFA club competition records - All time Milans Top goal scorer in Europe - Premio Nazionale Carriera Esemplare Gaetano Scirea : 2007 - A.C . Milan Top Goalscorer ( 2002–03 Season ) - A.C . Milan Hall of Fame - Niccolo Galli Memorial Award - Grand Prix Sport And Communication Award - Gran Galà del Calcio AIC Lifetime Achievement Award : 2012 - Player Career Award in the Globe Soccer Awards : 2014 Manager . Venezia - Lega Pro : 2016–17 - Coppa Italia Lega Pro : 2016–17 Benevento - Serie B : 2019–20 Individual . Panchina dArgento : 2020 External links . - On a whinge and a prayer – soccernet.com - Profile at LegaSerieA.it - Profile at Italia1910.com - Profile at FIGC.it |
[
"Bologna"
] | easy | Filippo Inzaghi was the coach of which team from 2018 to 2019? | /wiki/Filippo_Inzaghi#P6087#2 | Filippo Inzaghi Filippo Inzaghi ( ; born 9 August 1973 ) is an Italian former professional footballer and current manager , who serves as head coach of Serie B team Benevento . He was nicknamed by fans and commentators Superpippo or Alta tensione . Inzaghi played as a striker for several Italian clubs , and spent the most notable spells of his club career with Juventus and Milan , winning two UEFA Champions League titles ( 2003 , 2007 ) , and three Serie A titles ( 1998 , 2004 , 2011 ) . He is the seventh highest scorer in Italy , with 313 goals scored in official matches . He is currently the sixth-highest goal scorer in European club competitions with 70 goals , behind only Cristiano Ronaldo , Lionel Messi , Robert Lewandowski , Raúl and Karim Benzema . He is also Milans top international goal scorer in the clubs history with 43 goals . He also holds the record for most hat-tricks in Serie A with 10 . At international level , Inzaghi earned 57 caps for the Italy national team between 1997 and 2007 , scoring 25 goals . He represented his country at three FIFA World Cups , winning the 2006 edition , and he also took part at UEFA Euro 2000 , where he won a runners-up medal . Club career . Early career . Inzaghis favourite footballers as a child were Paolo Rossi and Marco van Basten . The elder brother of fellow footballer Simone Inzaghi , he got his start playing for hometown club Piacenza as a teenager in 1991 , but made only two league appearances before being loaned to Serie C1 side AlbinoLeffe , with whom he scored an impressive 13 goals in 21 matches . In 1993 , Inzaghi moved to Serie B club Hellas Verona and scored 13 goals in 36 league appearances . Upon his return to Piacenza , he scored 15 times in 37 games helping his team win Serie B and proving himself to be an exciting young prospect . Inzaghi made his Serie A debut when he transferred to Parma in 1995 , but scored only twice in 15 league matches . One of these two goals came against one of his former clubs , Piacenza , literally making him cry . He added another two goals in European competitions that season . The following season , he moved on to Atalanta , finishing as the Capocannoniere ( Serie As top scorer ) with 24 goals , and scored against every team in the league . He was awarded Serie A Young Footballer of the Year and served as team captain in the last game of the season . Juventus . Inzaghi , however , was soon on the move once again to his sixth team in seven seasons , this time to Juventus for a reported 23 billion lire . He formed a formidable attacking partnership along with Alessandro Del Piero and Zinedine Zidane , a tandem which would last for four seasons , under managers Marcello Lippi , and subsequently Carlo Ancelotti , marking Inzaghis longest stint with one team at the time . During his time with the Bianconeri , he scored two Champions League hat-tricks – against Dynamo Kyiv and Hamburger SV – becoming the first player to do so . During his first season with the club , Inzaghi scored two goals as Juventus beat Vicenza 3–0 in the 1997 Supercoppa Italiana . Juventus won the Scudetto during the 1997–98 season , in which Inzaghi scored 18 goals , including a decisive , Scudetto-winning hat-trick against Bologna . He also scored six goals to help Juventus reach the Champions League final , although they were defeated 1–0 by Real Madrid . The 1998–99 season was less successful for Juventus , as they suffered a defeat in the 1998 Supercoppa Italiana to Lazio , and finished the season with a disappointing seventh place in Serie A . Inzaghi still managed 20 goals in all competitions , finishing the season as the clubs top-scorer ; Six of his goals came in the Champions League , as Juventus were eliminated in the semi-finals by eventual champions Manchester United . During the second leg of the semi-finals in Turin , Inzaghi scored two goals in the first ten minutes , but Manchester United eventually managed to come back and win the match 3–2 . Inzaghi helped Juventus win the 1999 UEFA Intertoto Cup , scoring five goals in the semi-finals against Rostov , and two in the finals against Rennes , qualifying Juventus for the UEFA Cup that season . Inzaghi scored 15 goals in Serie A as Juventus narrowly missed out on the title to Lazio , suffering a defeat on the final matchday . The following season , Inzaghi managed 11 goals in Serie A as Juventus finished second in the league for the second consecutive season ; he also scored five goals in the UEFA Champions League , including a hat-trick in a 4–4 draw against Hamburger SV , although Juventus were eliminated in the first round . With 16 goals in all competitions , he was Juventuss top goalscorer for the third consecutive season . However , his once excellent partnership with Del Piero had become less effective in recent seasons , due to their lack of understanding , individualism , and their strained relationship both on and off the pitch . Milan . Despite a very good tally of 89 goals in 165 games for the Bianconeri , Inzaghi was soon benched in favour of David Trezeguet and on 2 July 2001 signed for Milan for a reported 70 billion lire , or 45 billion lire cash plus Cristian Zenoni . ( Sky Sports reported a smaller total figure , £17 million ) for the 2001–02 campaign by coach Fatih Terim . Juventus announced that the sale of Inzaghi produced a capital gain of €31.1 million to the club , making the actual transfer fee much exceed that figure . Inzaghi , however , suffered a knee injury and missed the first half of the season . Upon his return , he was able to forge a strong goalscoring partnership with Andriy Shevchenko , and he soon racked up an impressive trophy count with the Rossoneri under new manager Carlo Ancelotti , among them the 2002–03 Champions League ( in which Milan defeated his previous team , Juventus , in the final on penalties ) , along with the 2002–03 Coppa Italia ( scoring in a 2–2 draw in the second leg ) , the 2003 UEFA Super Cup , the 2004 Supercoppa Italiana , and the 2003–04 Scudetto . In the 2002–03 Champions League campaign , he scored his record third Champions League hat-trick against Deportivo de La Coruña in the Group Stage and a decisive goal in quarter-finals against Ajax , totalling 12 European goals in that season . In November 2004 , he signed a contract extension with the club . Inzaghi was able to fully recover from persistent knee injuries that had dogged him for two years to the extent that he regained his predatory goalscoring form by scoring 12 goals in 22 Serie A matches in 2005–06 , along with four goals in five Champions League appearances ; two against Olympique Lyonnais in the quarter-finals and another two against Bayern Munich in the first knockout stage . He scored the decisive goal against the Bavarians in the 2007 quarter-finals , helping Milan to reach the semi-finals of the competition . On 23 May 2007 , in the 2007 Champions League final in Athens , he scored both of Milans goals in their 2–1 victory over Liverpool in a rematch of the 2005 final . He declared after the match : At the start of the 2007–08 season , he picked up where he left off in Athens , scoring the equalizer in the Super Cup in Milans 3–1 victory over Sevilla . Inzaghi capped off the year by scoring two goals in the final of the 2007 Club World Cup , helping Milan win 4–2 against Boca Juniors to take revenge for the defeat on penalties in 2003 . On 24 February 2008 , Inzaghi scored the match-winning goal in Milans 2–1 win over Palermo with a diving header after coming into the game from the bench ; it marked his first Serie A goal in over a year . This was followed by ten more goals in the league , the last against Udinese . This strike against Udinese was his 100th goal for the club in official games . But despite incredible form , Italy national team manager Roberto Donadoni declined to call him for Euro 2008 . In November 2008 , Inzaghi agreed to a contract extension with Milan until June 2010 . On 8 March 2009 , Inzaghi scored his first hat-trick of the season for Milan against Atalanta , leading his team to a 3–0 victory at the San Siro . His 300th career goal came in the 5–1 thrashing of Siena away from home . He then went on to score three goals against Torino , his second professional hat-trick in that season . Scoring this hat-trick enabled Super Pippo — his nickname in the media – to set a record for the player with the most hat-tricks in Serie A over the last 25 years . With ten hat-tricks in Serie A , Inzaghi is ahead of Giuseppe Signori ( 9 ) , Hernán Crespo ( 8 ) , Roberto Baggio , Marco van Basten , Gabriel Batistuta , Abel Balbo , Vincenzo Montella ( 7 ) , Antonio Di Natale and David Trezeguet ( 6 ) . Inzaghi scored one hat-trick for Atalanta , four for Juventus , and five for Milan . In the 2009–10 season , under manager Leonardo , Inzaghi was relegated to the role of backup player with his contract set to expire in June 2010 . On 21 May 2010 , he was offered a new one-year contract which would last until 30 June 2011 . On 3 November 2010 , in the UEFA Champions League 2010–11 Group Stage campaign , with Milan trailing by 1–0 to Real Madrid , Inzaghi came off the bench in the second half and scored a brace to give Milan a 2–1 lead . Pedro León , however , equalized in the 94th minute , with the final score ending 2–2 . On that occasion , he became the new all-time top scorer of all European club competitions with 70 goals . He also became the second-oldest player to score in the Champions League , aged 37 years and 85 days , behind only Manchester Uniteds Ryan Giggs , now surpassed by Inzaghis compatriot Francesco Totti . With these two goals , Inzaghi went ahead of his idol Marco van Basten on the club list of the all-time top goalscorers with 125 goals . On 10 November 2010 , Inzaghi suffered a serious injury while playing for Milan against Palermo . A statement on the official Milan club website confirmed that Inzaghi had suffered a lesion of the anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) and associated lesion to the external meniscus of the left knee . It was thought he would be out for the rest of the season . Due to his age , this injury could have ended his career ; nonetheless , Inzaghi was very optimistic . On 7 May 2011 , with Inzaghi still out recovering from his injury , Milan won the 2010–11 Serie A title . After being sidelined by injury for six months , he came off the bench for the first time since his injury on 14 May , with Milan defeating Cagliari 4–1 . He extended his contract till June 2012 during the 2011–12 pre-season . Just like with Andrea Pirlo in 2011 , Milan decided not to renew the contracts of several veteran players at the end of the season and Inzaghi was one of those , along with Gennaro Gattuso , Clarence Seedorf , Alessandro Nesta , and Gianluca Zambrotta . He played his final game for Milan against Novara on 13 May 2012 and marked his performance by scoring the winning goal , much to the joy of the fans . On 24 July 2012 , Inzaghi announced his retirement from professional football to start a coaching career . European competition records . With 70 goals , Inzaghi is the sixth-highest scorer in European club competitions , behind only Cristiano Ronaldo , Lionel Messi , Robert Lewandowski , Raúl and Karim Benzema . He became the first player to score two Champions League hat-tricks – both with Juventus — when he netted a treble during a 4–4 group stage draw with Hamburger SV on 13 September 2000 ; his first was in a 4–1 victory over Dynamo Kyiv during the 1997–98 quarter–finals . Inzaghi scored a record third Champions League hat-trick in a 4–0 win against Deportivo de La Coruña in the 2002–03 season , while playing for Milan . This record would later be tied by Michael Owen , who has scored two hat-tricks for Liverpool and a third for Manchester United . International career . Between 1993 and 1996 , Inzaghi made 14 appearances for the Italy under-21 team , scoring three goals ; he was also a member of the Italy under-21 squad that won the 1994 UEFA European Under-21 Championship . Inzaghi earned his first senior cap for Italy in the Tournoi de France , against Brazil on 8 June 1997 , under his former under-21 manager Cesare Maldini , and provided an assist to goalscorer Alessandro Del Piero . Italy went on to draw 3–3 . He scored his first goal for Italy on 18 November 1998 , in a 2–2 friendly draw against Spain ; he has since scored 25 goals in 57 appearances . He was called up for the 1998 FIFA World Cup , Euro 2000 , the 2002 World Cup and the 2006 World Cup . Although Inzaghi went scoreless throughout the 1998 World Cup , as he was mainly deployed as a substitute , he came off the bench to set up a goal for Roberto Baggio in Italys final group match against Austria , which ended in a 2–1 win , and allowed Italy to top their group ; Italy were knocked out in the quarter finals on penalties to hosts and eventual champions France . At Euro 2000 , he was one of Italys starting strikers under the new Italy manager Dino Zoff . He scored two goals throughout the tournament ; his first came from a penalty , in Italys 2–1 opening group win over Turkey , in which he was named man of the match , while his second came in a 2–0 win over Romania in the quarter-finals of the competition ; he also set up Stefano Fiores goal in a 2–0 win over co-hosts Belgium in his nations second group match of the tournament . His performances helped Italy reach the final , where they were defeated by France once again , on a golden goal . Along with Francesco Totti , he was Italys top-scorer throughout the tournament . Under Zoffs replacement , Giovanni Trapattoni , Inzaghi was Italys top goalscorer during the qualifying rounds of the 2002 World Cup and Euro 2004 , scoring his first and only international hat-trick in a 4–0 home win over Wales on 6 September 2003 , although he missed the latter tournament due to injury . He went scoreless throughout the 2002 World Cup , making two appearances , as Italy were controversially eliminated in the round of 16 to co-hosts South Korea ; in Italys 2–1 loss to Croatia in their second group match , Materazzi played a floating ball over the top from just over half way to Inzaghi in the 90th minute , but everyone missed the ball and it rolled into the back of the net , although the goal was disallowed after referee Graham Poll claimed that Inzaghi had grabbed an opponents shirt . Inzaghi also had a goal wrongly disallowed in Italys final group match against Mexico , which ended in a 1–1 draw . Inzaghis persistent knee and ankle injuries put a halt to his international play for almost two years before his resurgence at club level , which resulted in being called up by Italy coach Marcello Lippi for the 2006 World Cup final tournament . Due to the abundance of other top strikers such as Alessandro Del Piero , Francesco Totti and Luca Toni , Inzaghi made his only appearance – subbing on for Alberto Gilardino — in Italys final group stage match against the Czech Republic on 22 June 2006 , scoring his only goal in the tournament , rounding Petr Čech in a one-on-one encounter to net in Italys second goal , which made him the oldest player to have scored for Italy in a World Cup , after Daniele Massaro . Italy went on to win the tournament , defeating France on penalties in the final . Following Italys fourth World Cup victory , Inzaghi made six appearances under new manager Roberto Donadoni in Italys UEFA Euro 2008 qualification campaign , scoring three goals , two of which came in a 2–1 away win against the Faroe Islands on 2 June 2007 . He was not called up for the final tournament , however , where Italy were eliminated by eventual champions Spain in the quarter-finals on penalties , and he made his last appearance for Italy on 8 September 2007 , in a 0–0 draw against France in Milan . Inzaghi is currently the sixth-highest goalscorer in the Italian national teams history , with 25 goals , alongside Adolfo Baloncieri and Alessandro Altobelli . Style of play . Inzaghi was an intelligent , extremely fast , and opportunistic player , with excellent reactions and a lanky , slender physique ; although not very technically gifted , he was known for his great skill in taking advantage of the carelessness of his opponents , his excellent positional sense in the area , and his eye for goal , making a name for himself as a goal poacher , due to his style of play and tendency to operate mainly in the penalty box . These qualities , along with his finishing ability with both his head and feet , made him one of the most prolific strikers of the past decades . Inzaghi was described as a player who lived on the offside line . When he was first called up to the national team , the other Italian players were surprised at his lack of technical accomplishment , but came to accept him because he scored so frequently . Johan Cruyff grudgingly described this contrast—Look , actually he cant play football at all . Hes just always in the right position . Fans nicknamed him Super Pippo , the Italian name for the superhero alter–ego of Walt Disneys cartoon character Goofy . Tactically , Inzaghi was noted for his vision and ability to read the game , as well as his outstanding offensive movement off the ball , ability to play off the shoulders of the last defender , and to time his attacking runs to beat the offside trap , leading long-time Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson to quip , That lad must have been born offside . Although in the past , due to his poor defensive work-rate , and lack of notable technical skills , strength in the air , or long range striking ability , he was initially accused by some in the sport for being a limited striker or a lucky player , and also drew criticism at times for being selfish , for not participating in the build-up of plays , and for going to ground too easily , he has been praised by several of his former managers and teammates for his prolific goalscoring ; Despite his lack of significant talent , Inzaghi and others attribute his success , aside from technical prowess , to personal drive , intelligence , and determination . Due to his opportunistic playing style , Inzaghi was frequently compared to Paolo Rossi throughout his career . Despite his prolific goalscoring , Inzaghi was often considered injury prone throughout his career . Coaching career . Milan . Inzaghi started his coaching career at the beginning of the 2012–13 season , signing a two-year deal as the manager of Milans Primavera ( under-19 ) team . On 9 June 2014 , Inzaghi was named manager of Milans first team after the dismissal of his former Rossoneri teammate Clarence Seedorf . In Inzaghis first match as a manager in Serie A on 31 August , Milan defeated Lazio 3–1 at the San Siro . Inzaghi then led Milan to a second consecutive win in an exciting match that ended with a 5–4 Milan win against Parma . On 4 June 2015 Adriano Galliani , the CEO of Milan , announced that Inzaghi would not be the coach for next season . He was officially dismissed on 16 June 2015 . Venezia . On 7 June 2016 , Inzaghi was appointed as the new coach of ambitious Lega Pro club Venezia . On 19 April 2017 , after beating Parma to top spot , he won promotion to Serie B as champions . He also won the Coppa Italia Lega Pro in the same season . During the 2017–18 season , Inzaghi guided the Venetians to a fifth-place finish in Serie B , finishing in the playoffs positions to earn promotion to Serie A . After eliminating Perugia ( coached by his former teammate Alessandro Nesta ) in the preliminary round , his team was defeated by Palermo in the semi-finals . Bologna . On 13 June 2018 , Inzaghi was announced as the new head coach of top-flight Bologna , taking over from Roberto Donadoni . He faced a Lazio side coached by his younger brother Simone in an eventual 0–2 defeat on 26 December . Following a record of two wins in 21 games , he was dismissed on 28 January 2019 and replaced by Siniša Mihajlović . Benevento . On 22 June 2019 , Inzaghi was appointed manager of Benevento in Serie B . On 30 June the following year , his club achieved promotion as champions with seven games remaining , reaching Serie A for the second time in their history . On his Serie A debut for the team , they won 3–2 at Sampdoria on 26 September , having been losing 2–0 . Media . Inzaghi features in EA Sports FIFA video game series ; he was on the cover for the Italian edition of FIFA 2001 , and was named in the Ultimate Team Legends in FIFA 14 . In 2015 , the arcade game company Konami announced that Inzaghi would feature in their football video game Pro Evolution Soccer 2016 as one of the new myClub Legends . Honours . Player . Club . Piacenza - Serie B : 1994–95 Juventus - Serie A : 1997–98 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1997 - UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1999 Milan - Serie A : 2003–04 , 2010–11 - Coppa Italia : 2002–03 - UEFA Champions League : 2002–03 , 2006–07 - UEFA Super Cup : 2003 , 2007 - FIFA Club World Cup : 2007 International . Italy Youth - UEFA European Under-21 Championship : 1994 Italy - FIFA World Cup : 2006 Individual . - Serie A Young Footballer of the Year : 1997 - Serie A top scorer : 1996–97 - 2007 UEFA Champions League Final : Man of the Match - All time Italys Top goal scorer under UEFA club competition records - All time Milans Top goal scorer in Europe - Premio Nazionale Carriera Esemplare Gaetano Scirea : 2007 - A.C . Milan Top Goalscorer ( 2002–03 Season ) - A.C . Milan Hall of Fame - Niccolo Galli Memorial Award - Grand Prix Sport And Communication Award - Gran Galà del Calcio AIC Lifetime Achievement Award : 2012 - Player Career Award in the Globe Soccer Awards : 2014 Manager . Venezia - Lega Pro : 2016–17 - Coppa Italia Lega Pro : 2016–17 Benevento - Serie B : 2019–20 Individual . Panchina dArgento : 2020 External links . - On a whinge and a prayer – soccernet.com - Profile at LegaSerieA.it - Profile at Italia1910.com - Profile at FIGC.it |
[
"Benevento"
] | easy | Which team was coached by Filippo Inzaghi from 2019 to 2020? | /wiki/Filippo_Inzaghi#P6087#3 | Filippo Inzaghi Filippo Inzaghi ( ; born 9 August 1973 ) is an Italian former professional footballer and current manager , who serves as head coach of Serie B team Benevento . He was nicknamed by fans and commentators Superpippo or Alta tensione . Inzaghi played as a striker for several Italian clubs , and spent the most notable spells of his club career with Juventus and Milan , winning two UEFA Champions League titles ( 2003 , 2007 ) , and three Serie A titles ( 1998 , 2004 , 2011 ) . He is the seventh highest scorer in Italy , with 313 goals scored in official matches . He is currently the sixth-highest goal scorer in European club competitions with 70 goals , behind only Cristiano Ronaldo , Lionel Messi , Robert Lewandowski , Raúl and Karim Benzema . He is also Milans top international goal scorer in the clubs history with 43 goals . He also holds the record for most hat-tricks in Serie A with 10 . At international level , Inzaghi earned 57 caps for the Italy national team between 1997 and 2007 , scoring 25 goals . He represented his country at three FIFA World Cups , winning the 2006 edition , and he also took part at UEFA Euro 2000 , where he won a runners-up medal . Club career . Early career . Inzaghis favourite footballers as a child were Paolo Rossi and Marco van Basten . The elder brother of fellow footballer Simone Inzaghi , he got his start playing for hometown club Piacenza as a teenager in 1991 , but made only two league appearances before being loaned to Serie C1 side AlbinoLeffe , with whom he scored an impressive 13 goals in 21 matches . In 1993 , Inzaghi moved to Serie B club Hellas Verona and scored 13 goals in 36 league appearances . Upon his return to Piacenza , he scored 15 times in 37 games helping his team win Serie B and proving himself to be an exciting young prospect . Inzaghi made his Serie A debut when he transferred to Parma in 1995 , but scored only twice in 15 league matches . One of these two goals came against one of his former clubs , Piacenza , literally making him cry . He added another two goals in European competitions that season . The following season , he moved on to Atalanta , finishing as the Capocannoniere ( Serie As top scorer ) with 24 goals , and scored against every team in the league . He was awarded Serie A Young Footballer of the Year and served as team captain in the last game of the season . Juventus . Inzaghi , however , was soon on the move once again to his sixth team in seven seasons , this time to Juventus for a reported 23 billion lire . He formed a formidable attacking partnership along with Alessandro Del Piero and Zinedine Zidane , a tandem which would last for four seasons , under managers Marcello Lippi , and subsequently Carlo Ancelotti , marking Inzaghis longest stint with one team at the time . During his time with the Bianconeri , he scored two Champions League hat-tricks – against Dynamo Kyiv and Hamburger SV – becoming the first player to do so . During his first season with the club , Inzaghi scored two goals as Juventus beat Vicenza 3–0 in the 1997 Supercoppa Italiana . Juventus won the Scudetto during the 1997–98 season , in which Inzaghi scored 18 goals , including a decisive , Scudetto-winning hat-trick against Bologna . He also scored six goals to help Juventus reach the Champions League final , although they were defeated 1–0 by Real Madrid . The 1998–99 season was less successful for Juventus , as they suffered a defeat in the 1998 Supercoppa Italiana to Lazio , and finished the season with a disappointing seventh place in Serie A . Inzaghi still managed 20 goals in all competitions , finishing the season as the clubs top-scorer ; Six of his goals came in the Champions League , as Juventus were eliminated in the semi-finals by eventual champions Manchester United . During the second leg of the semi-finals in Turin , Inzaghi scored two goals in the first ten minutes , but Manchester United eventually managed to come back and win the match 3–2 . Inzaghi helped Juventus win the 1999 UEFA Intertoto Cup , scoring five goals in the semi-finals against Rostov , and two in the finals against Rennes , qualifying Juventus for the UEFA Cup that season . Inzaghi scored 15 goals in Serie A as Juventus narrowly missed out on the title to Lazio , suffering a defeat on the final matchday . The following season , Inzaghi managed 11 goals in Serie A as Juventus finished second in the league for the second consecutive season ; he also scored five goals in the UEFA Champions League , including a hat-trick in a 4–4 draw against Hamburger SV , although Juventus were eliminated in the first round . With 16 goals in all competitions , he was Juventuss top goalscorer for the third consecutive season . However , his once excellent partnership with Del Piero had become less effective in recent seasons , due to their lack of understanding , individualism , and their strained relationship both on and off the pitch . Milan . Despite a very good tally of 89 goals in 165 games for the Bianconeri , Inzaghi was soon benched in favour of David Trezeguet and on 2 July 2001 signed for Milan for a reported 70 billion lire , or 45 billion lire cash plus Cristian Zenoni . ( Sky Sports reported a smaller total figure , £17 million ) for the 2001–02 campaign by coach Fatih Terim . Juventus announced that the sale of Inzaghi produced a capital gain of €31.1 million to the club , making the actual transfer fee much exceed that figure . Inzaghi , however , suffered a knee injury and missed the first half of the season . Upon his return , he was able to forge a strong goalscoring partnership with Andriy Shevchenko , and he soon racked up an impressive trophy count with the Rossoneri under new manager Carlo Ancelotti , among them the 2002–03 Champions League ( in which Milan defeated his previous team , Juventus , in the final on penalties ) , along with the 2002–03 Coppa Italia ( scoring in a 2–2 draw in the second leg ) , the 2003 UEFA Super Cup , the 2004 Supercoppa Italiana , and the 2003–04 Scudetto . In the 2002–03 Champions League campaign , he scored his record third Champions League hat-trick against Deportivo de La Coruña in the Group Stage and a decisive goal in quarter-finals against Ajax , totalling 12 European goals in that season . In November 2004 , he signed a contract extension with the club . Inzaghi was able to fully recover from persistent knee injuries that had dogged him for two years to the extent that he regained his predatory goalscoring form by scoring 12 goals in 22 Serie A matches in 2005–06 , along with four goals in five Champions League appearances ; two against Olympique Lyonnais in the quarter-finals and another two against Bayern Munich in the first knockout stage . He scored the decisive goal against the Bavarians in the 2007 quarter-finals , helping Milan to reach the semi-finals of the competition . On 23 May 2007 , in the 2007 Champions League final in Athens , he scored both of Milans goals in their 2–1 victory over Liverpool in a rematch of the 2005 final . He declared after the match : At the start of the 2007–08 season , he picked up where he left off in Athens , scoring the equalizer in the Super Cup in Milans 3–1 victory over Sevilla . Inzaghi capped off the year by scoring two goals in the final of the 2007 Club World Cup , helping Milan win 4–2 against Boca Juniors to take revenge for the defeat on penalties in 2003 . On 24 February 2008 , Inzaghi scored the match-winning goal in Milans 2–1 win over Palermo with a diving header after coming into the game from the bench ; it marked his first Serie A goal in over a year . This was followed by ten more goals in the league , the last against Udinese . This strike against Udinese was his 100th goal for the club in official games . But despite incredible form , Italy national team manager Roberto Donadoni declined to call him for Euro 2008 . In November 2008 , Inzaghi agreed to a contract extension with Milan until June 2010 . On 8 March 2009 , Inzaghi scored his first hat-trick of the season for Milan against Atalanta , leading his team to a 3–0 victory at the San Siro . His 300th career goal came in the 5–1 thrashing of Siena away from home . He then went on to score three goals against Torino , his second professional hat-trick in that season . Scoring this hat-trick enabled Super Pippo — his nickname in the media – to set a record for the player with the most hat-tricks in Serie A over the last 25 years . With ten hat-tricks in Serie A , Inzaghi is ahead of Giuseppe Signori ( 9 ) , Hernán Crespo ( 8 ) , Roberto Baggio , Marco van Basten , Gabriel Batistuta , Abel Balbo , Vincenzo Montella ( 7 ) , Antonio Di Natale and David Trezeguet ( 6 ) . Inzaghi scored one hat-trick for Atalanta , four for Juventus , and five for Milan . In the 2009–10 season , under manager Leonardo , Inzaghi was relegated to the role of backup player with his contract set to expire in June 2010 . On 21 May 2010 , he was offered a new one-year contract which would last until 30 June 2011 . On 3 November 2010 , in the UEFA Champions League 2010–11 Group Stage campaign , with Milan trailing by 1–0 to Real Madrid , Inzaghi came off the bench in the second half and scored a brace to give Milan a 2–1 lead . Pedro León , however , equalized in the 94th minute , with the final score ending 2–2 . On that occasion , he became the new all-time top scorer of all European club competitions with 70 goals . He also became the second-oldest player to score in the Champions League , aged 37 years and 85 days , behind only Manchester Uniteds Ryan Giggs , now surpassed by Inzaghis compatriot Francesco Totti . With these two goals , Inzaghi went ahead of his idol Marco van Basten on the club list of the all-time top goalscorers with 125 goals . On 10 November 2010 , Inzaghi suffered a serious injury while playing for Milan against Palermo . A statement on the official Milan club website confirmed that Inzaghi had suffered a lesion of the anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) and associated lesion to the external meniscus of the left knee . It was thought he would be out for the rest of the season . Due to his age , this injury could have ended his career ; nonetheless , Inzaghi was very optimistic . On 7 May 2011 , with Inzaghi still out recovering from his injury , Milan won the 2010–11 Serie A title . After being sidelined by injury for six months , he came off the bench for the first time since his injury on 14 May , with Milan defeating Cagliari 4–1 . He extended his contract till June 2012 during the 2011–12 pre-season . Just like with Andrea Pirlo in 2011 , Milan decided not to renew the contracts of several veteran players at the end of the season and Inzaghi was one of those , along with Gennaro Gattuso , Clarence Seedorf , Alessandro Nesta , and Gianluca Zambrotta . He played his final game for Milan against Novara on 13 May 2012 and marked his performance by scoring the winning goal , much to the joy of the fans . On 24 July 2012 , Inzaghi announced his retirement from professional football to start a coaching career . European competition records . With 70 goals , Inzaghi is the sixth-highest scorer in European club competitions , behind only Cristiano Ronaldo , Lionel Messi , Robert Lewandowski , Raúl and Karim Benzema . He became the first player to score two Champions League hat-tricks – both with Juventus — when he netted a treble during a 4–4 group stage draw with Hamburger SV on 13 September 2000 ; his first was in a 4–1 victory over Dynamo Kyiv during the 1997–98 quarter–finals . Inzaghi scored a record third Champions League hat-trick in a 4–0 win against Deportivo de La Coruña in the 2002–03 season , while playing for Milan . This record would later be tied by Michael Owen , who has scored two hat-tricks for Liverpool and a third for Manchester United . International career . Between 1993 and 1996 , Inzaghi made 14 appearances for the Italy under-21 team , scoring three goals ; he was also a member of the Italy under-21 squad that won the 1994 UEFA European Under-21 Championship . Inzaghi earned his first senior cap for Italy in the Tournoi de France , against Brazil on 8 June 1997 , under his former under-21 manager Cesare Maldini , and provided an assist to goalscorer Alessandro Del Piero . Italy went on to draw 3–3 . He scored his first goal for Italy on 18 November 1998 , in a 2–2 friendly draw against Spain ; he has since scored 25 goals in 57 appearances . He was called up for the 1998 FIFA World Cup , Euro 2000 , the 2002 World Cup and the 2006 World Cup . Although Inzaghi went scoreless throughout the 1998 World Cup , as he was mainly deployed as a substitute , he came off the bench to set up a goal for Roberto Baggio in Italys final group match against Austria , which ended in a 2–1 win , and allowed Italy to top their group ; Italy were knocked out in the quarter finals on penalties to hosts and eventual champions France . At Euro 2000 , he was one of Italys starting strikers under the new Italy manager Dino Zoff . He scored two goals throughout the tournament ; his first came from a penalty , in Italys 2–1 opening group win over Turkey , in which he was named man of the match , while his second came in a 2–0 win over Romania in the quarter-finals of the competition ; he also set up Stefano Fiores goal in a 2–0 win over co-hosts Belgium in his nations second group match of the tournament . His performances helped Italy reach the final , where they were defeated by France once again , on a golden goal . Along with Francesco Totti , he was Italys top-scorer throughout the tournament . Under Zoffs replacement , Giovanni Trapattoni , Inzaghi was Italys top goalscorer during the qualifying rounds of the 2002 World Cup and Euro 2004 , scoring his first and only international hat-trick in a 4–0 home win over Wales on 6 September 2003 , although he missed the latter tournament due to injury . He went scoreless throughout the 2002 World Cup , making two appearances , as Italy were controversially eliminated in the round of 16 to co-hosts South Korea ; in Italys 2–1 loss to Croatia in their second group match , Materazzi played a floating ball over the top from just over half way to Inzaghi in the 90th minute , but everyone missed the ball and it rolled into the back of the net , although the goal was disallowed after referee Graham Poll claimed that Inzaghi had grabbed an opponents shirt . Inzaghi also had a goal wrongly disallowed in Italys final group match against Mexico , which ended in a 1–1 draw . Inzaghis persistent knee and ankle injuries put a halt to his international play for almost two years before his resurgence at club level , which resulted in being called up by Italy coach Marcello Lippi for the 2006 World Cup final tournament . Due to the abundance of other top strikers such as Alessandro Del Piero , Francesco Totti and Luca Toni , Inzaghi made his only appearance – subbing on for Alberto Gilardino — in Italys final group stage match against the Czech Republic on 22 June 2006 , scoring his only goal in the tournament , rounding Petr Čech in a one-on-one encounter to net in Italys second goal , which made him the oldest player to have scored for Italy in a World Cup , after Daniele Massaro . Italy went on to win the tournament , defeating France on penalties in the final . Following Italys fourth World Cup victory , Inzaghi made six appearances under new manager Roberto Donadoni in Italys UEFA Euro 2008 qualification campaign , scoring three goals , two of which came in a 2–1 away win against the Faroe Islands on 2 June 2007 . He was not called up for the final tournament , however , where Italy were eliminated by eventual champions Spain in the quarter-finals on penalties , and he made his last appearance for Italy on 8 September 2007 , in a 0–0 draw against France in Milan . Inzaghi is currently the sixth-highest goalscorer in the Italian national teams history , with 25 goals , alongside Adolfo Baloncieri and Alessandro Altobelli . Style of play . Inzaghi was an intelligent , extremely fast , and opportunistic player , with excellent reactions and a lanky , slender physique ; although not very technically gifted , he was known for his great skill in taking advantage of the carelessness of his opponents , his excellent positional sense in the area , and his eye for goal , making a name for himself as a goal poacher , due to his style of play and tendency to operate mainly in the penalty box . These qualities , along with his finishing ability with both his head and feet , made him one of the most prolific strikers of the past decades . Inzaghi was described as a player who lived on the offside line . When he was first called up to the national team , the other Italian players were surprised at his lack of technical accomplishment , but came to accept him because he scored so frequently . Johan Cruyff grudgingly described this contrast—Look , actually he cant play football at all . Hes just always in the right position . Fans nicknamed him Super Pippo , the Italian name for the superhero alter–ego of Walt Disneys cartoon character Goofy . Tactically , Inzaghi was noted for his vision and ability to read the game , as well as his outstanding offensive movement off the ball , ability to play off the shoulders of the last defender , and to time his attacking runs to beat the offside trap , leading long-time Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson to quip , That lad must have been born offside . Although in the past , due to his poor defensive work-rate , and lack of notable technical skills , strength in the air , or long range striking ability , he was initially accused by some in the sport for being a limited striker or a lucky player , and also drew criticism at times for being selfish , for not participating in the build-up of plays , and for going to ground too easily , he has been praised by several of his former managers and teammates for his prolific goalscoring ; Despite his lack of significant talent , Inzaghi and others attribute his success , aside from technical prowess , to personal drive , intelligence , and determination . Due to his opportunistic playing style , Inzaghi was frequently compared to Paolo Rossi throughout his career . Despite his prolific goalscoring , Inzaghi was often considered injury prone throughout his career . Coaching career . Milan . Inzaghi started his coaching career at the beginning of the 2012–13 season , signing a two-year deal as the manager of Milans Primavera ( under-19 ) team . On 9 June 2014 , Inzaghi was named manager of Milans first team after the dismissal of his former Rossoneri teammate Clarence Seedorf . In Inzaghis first match as a manager in Serie A on 31 August , Milan defeated Lazio 3–1 at the San Siro . Inzaghi then led Milan to a second consecutive win in an exciting match that ended with a 5–4 Milan win against Parma . On 4 June 2015 Adriano Galliani , the CEO of Milan , announced that Inzaghi would not be the coach for next season . He was officially dismissed on 16 June 2015 . Venezia . On 7 June 2016 , Inzaghi was appointed as the new coach of ambitious Lega Pro club Venezia . On 19 April 2017 , after beating Parma to top spot , he won promotion to Serie B as champions . He also won the Coppa Italia Lega Pro in the same season . During the 2017–18 season , Inzaghi guided the Venetians to a fifth-place finish in Serie B , finishing in the playoffs positions to earn promotion to Serie A . After eliminating Perugia ( coached by his former teammate Alessandro Nesta ) in the preliminary round , his team was defeated by Palermo in the semi-finals . Bologna . On 13 June 2018 , Inzaghi was announced as the new head coach of top-flight Bologna , taking over from Roberto Donadoni . He faced a Lazio side coached by his younger brother Simone in an eventual 0–2 defeat on 26 December . Following a record of two wins in 21 games , he was dismissed on 28 January 2019 and replaced by Siniša Mihajlović . Benevento . On 22 June 2019 , Inzaghi was appointed manager of Benevento in Serie B . On 30 June the following year , his club achieved promotion as champions with seven games remaining , reaching Serie A for the second time in their history . On his Serie A debut for the team , they won 3–2 at Sampdoria on 26 September , having been losing 2–0 . Media . Inzaghi features in EA Sports FIFA video game series ; he was on the cover for the Italian edition of FIFA 2001 , and was named in the Ultimate Team Legends in FIFA 14 . In 2015 , the arcade game company Konami announced that Inzaghi would feature in their football video game Pro Evolution Soccer 2016 as one of the new myClub Legends . Honours . Player . Club . Piacenza - Serie B : 1994–95 Juventus - Serie A : 1997–98 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1997 - UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1999 Milan - Serie A : 2003–04 , 2010–11 - Coppa Italia : 2002–03 - UEFA Champions League : 2002–03 , 2006–07 - UEFA Super Cup : 2003 , 2007 - FIFA Club World Cup : 2007 International . Italy Youth - UEFA European Under-21 Championship : 1994 Italy - FIFA World Cup : 2006 Individual . - Serie A Young Footballer of the Year : 1997 - Serie A top scorer : 1996–97 - 2007 UEFA Champions League Final : Man of the Match - All time Italys Top goal scorer under UEFA club competition records - All time Milans Top goal scorer in Europe - Premio Nazionale Carriera Esemplare Gaetano Scirea : 2007 - A.C . Milan Top Goalscorer ( 2002–03 Season ) - A.C . Milan Hall of Fame - Niccolo Galli Memorial Award - Grand Prix Sport And Communication Award - Gran Galà del Calcio AIC Lifetime Achievement Award : 2012 - Player Career Award in the Globe Soccer Awards : 2014 Manager . Venezia - Lega Pro : 2016–17 - Coppa Italia Lega Pro : 2016–17 Benevento - Serie B : 2019–20 Individual . Panchina dArgento : 2020 External links . - On a whinge and a prayer – soccernet.com - Profile at LegaSerieA.it - Profile at Italia1910.com - Profile at FIGC.it |
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"Valencia"
] | easy | Claudio Ranieri was the coach of which team from Jul 2004 to Feb 2005? | /wiki/Claudio_Ranieri#P6087#0 | Claudio Ranieri Claudio Ranieri ( ; born 20 October 1951 ) is an Italian football manager and former player . Ranieri began his managerial career in the lower leagues in Italy during the late 1980s , and made his name at Cagliari , whom he took from Serie C1 up to Serie A in successive seasons . He later went on to manage Napoli , where he led the team to qualify for the UEFA Cup , only to be dismissed the following season . In 1993 , he joined Fiorentina , and immediately led them to Serie A promotion , also winning the Coppa Italia and the Supercoppa Italiana in 1996 , before moving to Spain in 1997 , to manage Valencia and then Atlético Madrid . With Valencia , he won a Copa del Rey and an UEFA Intertoto Cup , and helped the club to qualify for the UEFA Champions League . In 2000 , Ranieri moved to England to become head coach at Chelsea . His four seasons there saw Chelsea improve their points total season on season , with them finishing runners-up in 2004 and reaching the UEFA Champions League semi-final the same season . He was dismissed by Chelsea owner Roman Abramovich that May , but a number of players he signed and brought through during his time at Stamford Bridge formed the core of the side that went on to achieve domestic and international success in subsequent seasons . After an unsuccessful second spell back in Spain with Valencia , he returned to management in Italy in 2007 , where he encountered mixed success with spells at Parma , Juventus , Roma and Inter Milan . In 2012 , he was hired to manage Ligue 1 team Monaco , who had just finished in the middle of Ligue 2 , and earned promotion as champions in his first season , then finished as Ligue 1 runners-up in his second season . This was followed by a foray into international management with the Greece national team , but he was dismissed less than four months later after a 1–0 home defeat against the Faroe Islands in the UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying . Ranieri returned to England once more in the summer of 2015 as manager of Leicester City . He went on to win the 2015–16 Premier League , after the club had narrowly avoided relegation the season prior , and was named the 2016 Premier League Manager of the Season , and LMA Manager of the Year . He was also awarded the Grand Officer of the Italian Order of Merit and the Enzo Bearzot Award as best Italian manager of the year , as well as the 2016 Best FIFA Mens Coach Award . He was dismissed by the club in February 2017 after a run of poor results . In June 2017 , he joined Nantes as manager and spent a single season at the club . He was appointed Fulham manager in November 2018 before being dismissed in February 2019 . Less than a month later , he returned as the head coach of Roma for the remainder of the 2018–19 season . Later that year , he was appointed as the coach of Sampdoria . Personal life . Ranieri was born in San Saba , a neighbourhood of Rome near the Circus Maximus , and is a lifelong supporter of A.S . Roma . He began playing football at his neighbourhood church . A childhood friend described him as having a stereotypically English demeanour , in being quiet and reserved . He and his family live in Formello , a nearby town where 1982 FIFA World Cup-winning goalkeeper Dino Zoff is also among the residents . Ranieri is married to Dr . Rosanna . Ranieri has a daughter , Claudia , who married Italian actor Alessandro Roja and gave Claudio a grandson , named Orlando . In May 2016 , during his time as manager of Leicester City , he attracted media attention when he stated that he would be travelling to Rome to have lunch with his 96-year-old mother instead of watching the Chelsea–Tottenham Hotspur match ; the match ended in a 2–2 draw , a result which ultimately awarded Ranieri his first ever Premier League title . Playing career . Ranieri first signed as a professional football player with Roma , though in his two seasons with the club he only made six appearances ; he also had a one-month loan spell with Siracusa . As a player , Ranieri spent most of his career playing as a defender for Catanzaro ( 1974–1982 ) , Catania ( 1982–1984 ) , and Palermo ( 1984–1986 ) . He was involved in four successful promotion campaigns ( two with Catanzaro and one each with Catania and Palermo ) . Managerial career . Early years in Italy . His managerial career start in Vigor Lamezia where he led them to a 12 match unbeaten run and take them to the top of the table . He later resigned for refusing to use the players that were brought by an agent close to the president . After initially coaching amateur side Vigor Lamezia , Ranieris first managerial position was at Campania Puteolana , a small team in Pozzuoli . He took charge there in 1987 . However , it was at Cagliari that he made his name as a manager . After joining the club in 1988 , he helped the team to gain promotion to Serie A from the third division Serie C1 in successive seasons , also winning the Coppa Italia Serie C in 1989 . At Cagliari , his team were known for their fluid tactical system , which enabled the team to change their shape and switch between different formations throughout the course of a single match . From 1991 , Ranieri managed for two seasons at Napoli , who were facing financial difficulties at the time . Despite finishing in fourth place in Serie A , and qualifying for the UEFA Cup , he won no silverware during his spell with the club . During his second season in charge of Napoli , he was dismissed by the clubs owner at the time , Corrado Ferlaino , following the teams elimination in the second round of the UEFA Cup , despite the clubs notable 5–1 away victory over Valencia in the first round of the tournament . He did , however , introduce Gianfranco Zola to the first team to replace the suspended star Diego Maradona , who had recently left the club , as well as Daniel Fonseca , whom he played alongside veteran striker Careca in the teams front line . Ranieri joined Fiorentina in 1993 , gaining promotion to Serie A after winning the 1993–94 Serie B title in his first season in charge of the Florence-based side . He subsequently had success in Serie A , winning the Coppa Italia and Supercoppa Italiana in 1996 , and along with the offensive talents of Gabriel Batistuta , Rui Costa and Francesco Baiano , he helped the club to go on a 15-match unbeaten run during the 1995–96 Serie A season , which saw the team hold second place for several months behind league leaders Milan ; Fiorentina lost five of their last nine league games , however , and eventually finished the season in fourth place . The next season was less successful , as Fiorentina finished in a disappointing ninth place in the league , although the team managed to reach the semi-finals of the 1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners Cup , losing out to eventual champions Barcelona . First spell in Spain . In 1997 , Ranieri moved to Spain to take over at Valencia . He was the coach from 1997 to 1999 and guided Valencia to a fourth-place finish in La Liga , achieving UEFA Champions League qualification in 1999 ; he also won the UEFA Intertoto Cup in 1998 , and the Copa del Rey in 1999 . After his first spell , Ranieri left the club in 1999 a popular man , and has been credited for putting Valencia on the track to subsequent success in the Champions League and La Liga , despite initially sitting in the lower half of the table upon his arrival . Under Ranieri , Valencia were known for their efficiency and defensive solidity in his tactically rigorous 4–4–2 formation , as well as their use of high pressing to win back possession , and their ability to score from counter-attacks . He was responsible for the development of several youth players at the club , among them Claudio López , Gaizka Mendieta , Miguel Ángel Angulo , and Javier Farinós . Ranieri also signed some players who would become highly successful at Mestalla , among them goalkeeper Santiago Cañizares . Ranieri subsequently signed for Atlético Madrid in 1999 ; during his time as the clubs coach , the team went into administration and struggled on the pitch . Nearing the brink of relegation , Ranieri resigned before he could be dismissed by the Atlético president Jesús Gil , who was well known for dismissing coaches . Ranieri had a talented squad at his disposal containing such players as Jose Molina , Joan Capdevila , Ruben Baraja , Santiago Solari , Kiko , Juan Carlos Valeron and Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink . Atlético would indeed go on to be relegated at the end of the season . Chelsea . As head coach of Chelsea from 18 September 2000 to 30 May 2004 , Ranieri worked hard to overcome the language barrier . When he arrived at the London club , he could speak only limited English ; however , the club had a few players who could speak Italian and Spanish and could help translate for him on the training pitch . Ranieris first season featured inconsistent results , with Chelsea reaching sixth place and a UEFA Cup spot . Ranieri had been instructed to reduce the average age of the squad , and worked to rebuild Chelsea in the summer of 2001 , creating a brand new midfield by signing Frank Lampard from West Ham United , Emmanuel Petit and Boudewijn Zenden from Barcelona , and Jesper Grønkjær from Ajax . He also signed defender William Gallas from Marseille , spending in total over £30 million . Ranieri , however , was criticised both for selling fan favourite Dennis Wise and the fact Chelseas league performance did not improve much on the previous season . The club finished sixth once again but did reach the FA Cup Final , losing 2–0 to Arsenal . During the 2002–03 season and throughout his Chelsea days , Ranieri was accused of over-rotating his squad , picking up the nickname of The Tinkerman from the British media . Chelsea finished the season on a high , qualifying for the Champions League after beating Liverpool 2–1 on the last day of the season . Ranieris achievement , coming after a close season where the club was in a difficult financial situation and the only arrival was Enrique de Lucas from Espanyol on a free transfer , was greatly appreciated by fans and the media alike . In addition , Ranieri succeeded in getting the best out of players Samuele Dalla Bona and Mario Stanić and nurtured emerging talents in John Terry , Robert Huth and Carlton Cole . When Chelsea were taken over by Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich in 2003 , Ranieri was given a large transfer fund but also found his job under threat . Days after the takeover , Abramovich was spotted meeting with England national team manager Sven-Göran Eriksson . Although the club denied Eriksson would be taking over at the time , these rumours would haunt Ranieris season . Ranieri spent £120 million on players in the summer of 2003 . These signings included Irish winger Damien Duff for a then club record £17 million ; English youngsters Wayne Bridge , Joe Cole and Glen Johnson ; Argentine pair Juan Sebastián Verón and Hernán Crespo ; Frenchman Claude Makélélé ; and Romanian star Adrian Mutu . This investment resulted in the best league placing for the club in 49 years , as they finished runners-up in the Premier League to Arsenal , who had become the first side in over 100 years to go an entire league season unbeaten . This position automatically qualified Chelsea for the Champions League . The club also reached the semi-finals of the Champions League ; Chelsea eliminated Arsenal en route , although Ranieris position was weakened by the semi-final loss to Monaco , a reverse the manager himself was blamed for due to several bizarre substitutions and tactical changes . That season saw Chelsea break club records for the fewest goals conceded and highest number of points in a season . Former English footballer and pundit David Platt used the example of Ranieri to illustrate his observation that building a team that can win the title and actually steering this team to the title are two different matters entirely . On 31 May 2004 , after almost one year of speculation , which included the clubs well-publicized courting of Eriksson , he was finally relieved of his coaching duties at Chelsea , and his job went to José Mourinho , who had led Porto to successive European triumphs . In Ranieris four seasons , Chelsea improved their points total season on season . The core of the Chelsea team which won two Premier League titles under Mourinho , including John Terry , William Gallas , Wayne Bridge , Claude Makélélé and Frank Lampard were all brought to Chelsea or nurtured by Ranieri . During his final months at Chelsea , Ranieri also identified Didier Drogba , Petr Čech and Arjen Robben as players Chelsea should sign , all of whom went on to become key players at the club . Ranieri published in September 2004 a book named Proud Man Walking chronicling his last year at Chelsea . All proceeds went to Londons Great Ormond Street Hospital . Valencia return . On 8 June 2004 , Ranieri returned for a second stint as coach of Valencia on a three-year contract . Ranieri took over after Rafael Benítez , who had led Valencia to the UEFA Cup and La Liga double the previous season , resigned and then promptly joined Liverpool . Ranieri made a series of signings from Serie A , including Marco Di Vaio , Stefano Fiore , Bernardo Corradi and Emiliano Moretti . After a bright start , in which the Mestalla outfit picked up 14 out of a possible 18 points and beat Porto to lift the UEFA Super Cup , Valencia went into a slump starting in October . They won only once in seven matches and were eliminated from the Champions League , partly thanks to a 5–1 defeat to Inter Milan in which midfielder Miguel Ángel Angulo was sent off for spitting . After a brief revival , Valencia went another six matches without a win beginning mid-January . Apart from the unpopularity of his four Italian signings , Ranieri was criticised for not playing Argentine playmaker Pablo Aimar and for persistent changes to formations and tactics , something resembling his Chelsea days . He was dismissed on 25 February 2005 after Valencia were eliminated from the UEFA Cup by Steaua București . Valencia were sixth in La Liga at the time of Ranieris dismissal . Quique Sánchez Flores was announced by Valencia in June 2005 to be Ranieris long-term successor . Prior to that , Ranieri received £3 million in compensation from Valencia for the early termination of his contract . Parma . On 12 February 2007 , one day after the 23rd Serie A matchday , Ranieri was announced as the new Parma manager following the dismissal of Stefano Pioli . He lost his first game in charge against Sampdoria 1–0 , but subsequently managed to make several impressive results to help Parma in the relegation battle , obtaining 17 points in 10 matches ( to be compared to his predecessors 15 points in 23 matches ) , including a 4–3 unexpected away win at Palermo which prompted the rosanero to dismiss their coach Francesco Guidolin . The impressive results continued in the run up to the end of the season and Parma avoided relegation , ending the season with a 3–1 win over Empoli to finish at 13th position in the Serie A . The team started to hit some impressive goal-scoring form as well , seen in the 4–1 thrashing of Messina in early May . After helping Parma escape from relegation , Ranieri was linked with several managing jobs , including Fulham , Manchester City , and Palermo . On 16 May 2007 , William Hill suspended betting on him becoming Manchester City manager following a flurry of betting activity . On 31 May , Parma announced Ranieri would not be the clubs manager for the following season . Juventus . On 4 June 2007 , Ranieri took over at Juventus . He signed a three-year contract with the club . The deal took effect on 1 July 2007 . Ranieri signed names such as Vincenzo Iaquinta from Udinese and Zdeněk Grygera from Ajax . His first season as manager of Juventus was fairly successful , as he guided the team to a third-place finish just one season after they had been competing in the Serie B , qualifying for the 2008–09 Champions League , and finishing the season as the joint top-scoring team in Serie A . In August 2008 , Ranieri engaged in a war of words with new Inter manager José Mourinho , who had replaced him four years earlier at Chelsea . Mourinho criticised Ranieri for his old-fashioned mentality , and for failing to win an important title as a manager in his career ; this led to a temporary feud between the two managers . He highlighted Inter as the strongest threat to Juventus in Serie A . Juventus began the season strongly , defeating Spanish champions Real Madrid in both their first-round legs of the Champions League to top their group , although the Turin-based club eventually fell to Ranieris former team , Chelsea , in the round of 16 . After Juventus struggled with injuries and failed to register a win in seven matches during a two-month period , which left the team in third place after a 2–2 home draw with Atalanta , he was said to have been under real pressure to maintain his job as head coach with many supporters of the club publicly criticising the team and in particular Ranieri . Speculation ended when , after having an emergency board meeting on 18 May 2009 , the board dismissed Ranieri after Inter were confirmed Serie A champions . He was replaced by youth system chief Ciro Ferrara . Ranieri had also led Juventus to the Coppa Italia semi-finals that season , where they were eliminated by Lazio , who went on to win the title . Juventus finished the league season in second place , one position better than the previous season . Roma . On 1 September 2009 , Ranieri was signed as the new manager of Roma on a two-year contract , succeeding Luciano Spalletti , who had resigned that day after opening the 2009–10 Serie A season with two defeats . Thus , Rome-born Ranieri became head coach of the football club which he had supported since childhood . Under his guidance , Roma dramatically improved their performances and thrust themselves into the championship battle , reducing the gap between themselves and leaders Inter to only one point after Ranieris team defeated Mourinhos Nerazzurri on matchday 31 . Roma then went on to win two more games consecutively and overtook Inter by matchday 33 , thanks to a 2–1 home win against Atalanta and Inters 2–2 draw against Fiorentina . This left the Giallorossi on the top of the table with five games remaining . Roma then extended its unbeaten run to 23 matches , and also maintained first place in the league table by winning a heated derby against crosstown rivals Lazio , extending the clubs unbeaten run to 24 matches . Ranieri was hailed by the press for substituting local heroes Francesco Totti and Daniele De Rossi during half-time , while Roma was losing 1–0 ; the Giallorossi then won the match 2–1 after two second-half goals from Mirko Vučinić . Roma , however , would surrender their lead in Serie A and also lose the Coppa Italia final , in both cases to treble-winning Inter . Following Romas 1–0 defeat in the Coppa Italia final , Inter boss Mourinho publicly mocked Ranieri , as he had reportedly showed his team the film Gladiator before the match , in order to motivate his players . The following season , Ranieri suffered yet another defeat to Inter in the 2010 Supercoppa Italiana . The season started off poorly for Roma and saw Ranieri clash with team captain Totti , who was critical of being left out of the team and of his coachs defensive tactics and constant changes to the starting line-up . Although the clubs form later improved , Ranieri resigned as manager on 20 February 2011 , after a poor run of results . His final game in charge was a 4–3 defeat to Genoa , in which Roma surrendered a 3–0 lead . Inter . On 22 September 2011 , Ranieri was named as the new manager of Inter , replacing Gian Piero Gasperini , who was dismissed for poor performances after losing four out of five matches . He signed a contract with the club until 30 June 2013 . The Nerazzurri managed to win 3–1 in Ranieris debut against Bologna on 24 September ; this was the first competitive win for the team in all tournaments since the beginning of the season , and was followed by a 3–2 Champions League away win at CSKA Moscow . A run of seven consecutive Serie A wins in December 2011 and January 2012 , including a 1–0 victory over cross-city rivals Milan , suddenly had them talking of challenging for the title . Thereafter , Inter suffered a poor run of results ( which also saw the departure of Thiago Motta to Paris Saint-Germain ) and their Champions League hopes were hanging by a thread after being beaten by Marseille 1–0 in the round of 16 first leg match . Speculation was growing that Ranieri would be dismissed soon , reaching its peak during half-time of the Serie A match with Catania , but it died down after a 2–0 away win over Chievo . On 26 March 2012 , however , following a 0–2 defeat against Juventus and after a run of just two wins in their last 13 games and eventual elimination by Marseille in the Champions League , Ranieri was dismissed . Monaco . On 30 May 2012 , Ranieri signed a two-year contract with Ligue 2 club Monaco . Ranieri led Monaco to promotion to Ligue 1 , with the club winning the Ligue 2 championship title for the first time in its history . The following season , Ranieri led Monaco to second place in the 2013–14 Ligue 1 – behind champions Paris Saint-Germain – after finishing the season with 80 points . On 20 May 2014 , his contract as Monaco manager was not renewed . Greece national team . Ranieri was appointed manager of the Greece national team following the departure of Fernando Santos after the 2014 FIFA World Cup ; Ranieri signed a two-year contract worth €1.6 million . Compared to their previous stability under Otto Rehhagel and Santos , Ranieri often changed line-ups and formations , confusing the players ; moreover , he did not live in Greece . He was dismissed on 15 November 2014 , the day after a UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying 1-0 defeat at home against the Faroe Islands . He received €800,000 in compensation for his termination . He reflected in a 2015 interview with the Leicester Mercury : Leicester City . First season . On 13 July 2015 , Leicester City announced Ranieri as the clubs new manager on a three-year contract . His appointment was initially met with scepticism ; Marcus Christenson of The Guardian called it baffling given Ranieris frequent recent dismissals and Greeces loss to the Faroe Islands . Christenson highlighted that Ranieris good humour would be the antithesis to the short-tempered outbursts of his predecessor Nigel Pearson , concluding , If Leicester wanted someone nice , theyve got him . If they wanted someone to keep them in the Premier League , then they may have gone for the wrong guy . Ranieris managerial debut with the club came in a 4–2 win over Sunderland on the opening match of the season on 8 August . After the match , Ranieri told the media that he inspired the team to win by giving them motivation from local rock band Kasabian . Following Leicesters first clean sheet of the 2015–16 Premier League season , which came in the clubs tenth fixture , in a 1–0 home win against Crystal Palace on 24 October , Ranieri attracted further media attention when he rewarded his players by taking the team out for pizza and having champagne . The strong start of the season saw the club at the top of the Premier League at Christmas , having scored in each of their first 17 games . During this run , striker Jamie Vardy broke the Premier League record by scoring in 11 consecutive league matches , a run Ranieri compared to Gabriel Batistutas during the 1994–95 season , while Ranieri was his manager at Fiorentina . In March 2016 , Ranieris quips once again attracted attention from the media when he stated in an interview that he used an imaginary bell in training in order to keep his players focused , by saying dilly ding , dilly dong ; the quote later gained popularity and became a club catchphrase . Leicesters change of form led the BBC to compare the world media attention brought to Leicester by Ranieri with that achieved by the discovery of the remains of Richard III of England . Leicester entered April at the summit of the Premier League and on 10 April 2016 , they clinched a spot in the 2016–17 Champions League after a 2–0 away win over Sunderland . Despite pressure from the chasing teams , Leicester maintained their lead at the top of the table throughout April and entered May knowing they only needed three points to lift the Premier League trophy . Leicester played a hotly contested 1–1 draw against Manchester United at Old Trafford on 1 May , earning them a crucial point . This meant Tottenham Hotspur had to win their next game against Chelsea to stay in the title race . After Ranieris appointment had been questioned in the media , barely avoiding relegation the previous season , and starting the 2015–16 Premier League campaign as 5,000–1 outsiders to win the title , Leicester City clinched the Premier League title the following day after second-place club Tottenham could only manage a 2–2 draw against Chelsea , despite leading 2–0 at half-time . This was the first time the club had won the title in their 132-year history . The teams success was described as a fairytale and the most unlikely triumph in the history of team sport . In spite of Ranieris previous Tinkerman nickname , Leicester consistently played the same line-up under his stewardship , using fewer players than any other team . With Leicester , Ranieri reverted to his preferred 4–4–2 formation , which made use of heavy pressing , defensive organisation and fast counter-attacks . Throughout the season , Ranieri drew praise from the media for his good humour and inspirational leadership at Leicester , and for successfully building a winning mentality and a successful team environment , while also being singled out for his tactical awareness , and for frequently taking the pressure off his players . His title success led some in the media to dub him King Claudio . On the last day of the season , Leicester played at Chelsea , who gave them the ceremonial guard of honour . Carlo Cudicini , an Italian goalkeeper who played for Chelsea under Ranieri , presented him with a special award on behalf of the club , as Leicester finished the season with a 1–1 away draw . On 16 May , Ranieri was named Manager of the Year for 2016 by the League Managers Association , and on 18 May , he was named the 2016 Barclays Premier League Manager of the Season . He was also awarded Grand Officer of the Italian Order of Merit and the Enzo Bearzot Award as best Italian manager of the year . Second season . On 7 August 2016 , Leicester began the 2016–17 season with a 2–1 defeat to Manchester United in the 2016 FA Community Shield . The start to Ranieris second Premier League season with Leicester was less successful : by late November , the team had lost 6 of their opening 12 Premier League matches , conceded 20 goals while only scoring 14 , and were in 14th place in the table , only two points above the relegation zone . Furthermore , Leicester had only won three matches in total , and had only managed to obtain one point away from home . Pundits opined that the team was unable to foster the same mentality that won them the title the previous season , and that NGolo Kantés departure to Chelsea , Vardys goal drought , Leicesters opponents different tactical approaches and the additional commitment of playing in the Champions League were the reasons for the clubs sudden drop in form . Despite their struggles in the league , however , the start to the clubs first ever Champions League campaign was more successful : Leicester won their first three matches , while also keeping four consecutive clean sheets ; following a 2–1 win over Club Brugge on 22 November , Leicester managed to top their group with 13 points and qualify for the knock-out round unbeaten with one match to spare , ahead of Porto and Copenhagen . In December , Ranieri was named as one of the three finalists for the 2016 Best FIFA Mens Coach ; he won the award on 9 January 2017 . On 23 February 2017 , Ranieri was dismissed by Leicester , with the club one point above the relegation zone with 13 matches remaining in the 2016–17 Premier League season . After a first leg 2–1 away loss to Sevilla in the Champions League round of 16 , it was reported by the media that senior players had been summoned to meet the Leicester City chairman Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha and the outcome of the meeting had sealed Ranieris fate . However , caretaker manager Craig Shakespeare and players denied that a player revolt had led to Ranieris dismissal . The action was described as a panic decision and wrong by Gary Lineker , who said he had shed a tear when he heard the news . Graeme Souness commented that while Ranieri had probably treated the players the same way as last year , the players had allowed themselves to get into the armchair ; while Ranieri had paid the price for a poor season , the players were to blame . Leicesters first match without Ranieri was a return-to-form 3–1 win over Liverpool ; the supporters showed loyalty to the players , but at the 65th minute torches and banners supporting Ranieri were held aloft , the largest one having a picture of Ranieri with the message Grazie Claudio ( Thank you , Claudio ) . Soccer Aid . In April 2016 , it was announced that Ranieri would manage the Rest of the World team at Soccer Aid , a charity football match in aid of UNICEF and held at Old Trafford , Manchester , on 5 June . The Rest of the World team lost 3–2 to an England team comprising former professional players and celebrities . Nantes . On 15 June 2017 , Nantes announced Ranieri as the clubs new manager . Ahead of Nantes final game of the season , it was announced that Ranieri would leave the club following its conclusion . Fulham . On 14 November 2018 , Ranieri was appointed as the manager of Fulham , replacing Slaviša Jokanović . On 24 November , his first match as the clubs new manager , he led Fulham to a dramatic 3–2 home win against Southampton , which put an end to Fulhams winless run in the league since 22 September . Ranieri was dismissed as the manager of Fulham and replaced by then assistant manager Scott Parker on 28 February 2019 , having won only 3 of his 17 matches in charge . Coincidentally , Jokanović had been Ranieris first signing for Chelsea and Parker had been his last . Return to Roma . On 8 March 2019 , Ranieri came back to Roma after eight years . He signed a contract which kept him at Roma until the end of the 2018–19 season , but with a possibility to extend the contract at the end of the season . In his first game back at Roma on 11 March , he led his team to a 2–1 home win over Empoli . In his final match for the club , on 26 May , he helped Roma to a 2–1 home win over Parma , but Roma ultimately missed out on a Champions League spot . Sampdoria . On 12 October 2019 , Ranieri signed a contract with Sampdoria , which would see him remain as the clubs manager until 2021 ; at the time of his appointment , the team were sitting in last place in Serie A . He guided them to fifteenth place at the end of the season . Following a ninth-place finish in the following season , Ranieri announced he would not be renewing his contract and would be leaving the club . Style of management . Ranieris teams usually employ a tactically rigorous 4–4–2 formation , and are known for their fitness and work-rate , as well as their efficient and highly organised playing style , and for being compact both defensively and in midfield ; his teams have drawn praise in the media for their defensive solidity , effective use of heavy pressing to win back possession , and their ability to score from quick counter-attacks . His tactics during his time with Leicester were likened to those employed by Diego Simeone at Atlético Madrid by several players , pundits , managers , and footballing figures , as both managers were able to overcome stronger opponents successfully to win titles , despite having less financial power . In addition to his tactical acumen , Ranieri has also drawn praise as a manager for his leadership , good humour , and his ability to both motivate and alleviate pressure on his players , thus fostering a winning mentality and a good team spirit ; he has frequently used several unorthodox methods throughout his career in order to inspire his squads , with mixed success , while his quips have made him a popular figure with the media . Throughout his career , Ranieri has also drawn criticism for over-rotating his squad and modifying his tactics and formations excessively throughout the course of a season , which earned him the nickname The Tinkerman in the British media . In the past , he has also been accused of using old-fashioned and overly defensive tactical systems by pundits and other managers , and was criticised for his failure to win a major league title , until he captured the Premier League title with Leicester in 2016 . Honours . Manager . Cagliari - Serie C1 : 1988–89 - Coppa Italia Serie C : 1988–89 - Serie B promotion : 1989–90 Fiorentina - Serie B : 1993–94 - Coppa Italia : 1995–96 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1996 Valencia - Copa del Rey : 1998–99 - UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1998 - UEFA Super Cup : 2004 Monaco - Ligue 2 : 2012–13 Leicester City - Premier League : 2015–16 Individual - Premier League Manager of the Season : 2015–16 - LMA Manager of the Year : 2016 - Premier League Manager of the Month : September 2003 , March 2004 , November 2015 , March 2016 , April 2016 - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2016 - Italian Football Hall of Fame : 2016 - Gazzetta Sports Awards Coach of the Year : 2016 - BBC Sports Personality of the Year Coach Award : 2016 - European Coach of the Season : 2015–16 - IFFHS Worlds Best Club Coach ( Third place ) : 2016 - Golden Foot : 2016 , as football legend - The Best FIFA Mens Coach : 2016 - World Soccer Magazine World Manager of the Year : 2016 - Fiorentina Hall of Fame : 2018 Orders . - 2nd Class / Grand Officer : Grande Ufficiale Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana : 2016 - 1st Class : Palma dOro al Merito Tecnico : 2016 |
[
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] | easy | Which team was coached by Claudio Ranieri from Feb 2007 to Jun 2007? | /wiki/Claudio_Ranieri#P6087#1 | Claudio Ranieri Claudio Ranieri ( ; born 20 October 1951 ) is an Italian football manager and former player . Ranieri began his managerial career in the lower leagues in Italy during the late 1980s , and made his name at Cagliari , whom he took from Serie C1 up to Serie A in successive seasons . He later went on to manage Napoli , where he led the team to qualify for the UEFA Cup , only to be dismissed the following season . In 1993 , he joined Fiorentina , and immediately led them to Serie A promotion , also winning the Coppa Italia and the Supercoppa Italiana in 1996 , before moving to Spain in 1997 , to manage Valencia and then Atlético Madrid . With Valencia , he won a Copa del Rey and an UEFA Intertoto Cup , and helped the club to qualify for the UEFA Champions League . In 2000 , Ranieri moved to England to become head coach at Chelsea . His four seasons there saw Chelsea improve their points total season on season , with them finishing runners-up in 2004 and reaching the UEFA Champions League semi-final the same season . He was dismissed by Chelsea owner Roman Abramovich that May , but a number of players he signed and brought through during his time at Stamford Bridge formed the core of the side that went on to achieve domestic and international success in subsequent seasons . After an unsuccessful second spell back in Spain with Valencia , he returned to management in Italy in 2007 , where he encountered mixed success with spells at Parma , Juventus , Roma and Inter Milan . In 2012 , he was hired to manage Ligue 1 team Monaco , who had just finished in the middle of Ligue 2 , and earned promotion as champions in his first season , then finished as Ligue 1 runners-up in his second season . This was followed by a foray into international management with the Greece national team , but he was dismissed less than four months later after a 1–0 home defeat against the Faroe Islands in the UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying . Ranieri returned to England once more in the summer of 2015 as manager of Leicester City . He went on to win the 2015–16 Premier League , after the club had narrowly avoided relegation the season prior , and was named the 2016 Premier League Manager of the Season , and LMA Manager of the Year . He was also awarded the Grand Officer of the Italian Order of Merit and the Enzo Bearzot Award as best Italian manager of the year , as well as the 2016 Best FIFA Mens Coach Award . He was dismissed by the club in February 2017 after a run of poor results . In June 2017 , he joined Nantes as manager and spent a single season at the club . He was appointed Fulham manager in November 2018 before being dismissed in February 2019 . Less than a month later , he returned as the head coach of Roma for the remainder of the 2018–19 season . Later that year , he was appointed as the coach of Sampdoria . Personal life . Ranieri was born in San Saba , a neighbourhood of Rome near the Circus Maximus , and is a lifelong supporter of A.S . Roma . He began playing football at his neighbourhood church . A childhood friend described him as having a stereotypically English demeanour , in being quiet and reserved . He and his family live in Formello , a nearby town where 1982 FIFA World Cup-winning goalkeeper Dino Zoff is also among the residents . Ranieri is married to Dr . Rosanna . Ranieri has a daughter , Claudia , who married Italian actor Alessandro Roja and gave Claudio a grandson , named Orlando . In May 2016 , during his time as manager of Leicester City , he attracted media attention when he stated that he would be travelling to Rome to have lunch with his 96-year-old mother instead of watching the Chelsea–Tottenham Hotspur match ; the match ended in a 2–2 draw , a result which ultimately awarded Ranieri his first ever Premier League title . Playing career . Ranieri first signed as a professional football player with Roma , though in his two seasons with the club he only made six appearances ; he also had a one-month loan spell with Siracusa . As a player , Ranieri spent most of his career playing as a defender for Catanzaro ( 1974–1982 ) , Catania ( 1982–1984 ) , and Palermo ( 1984–1986 ) . He was involved in four successful promotion campaigns ( two with Catanzaro and one each with Catania and Palermo ) . Managerial career . Early years in Italy . His managerial career start in Vigor Lamezia where he led them to a 12 match unbeaten run and take them to the top of the table . He later resigned for refusing to use the players that were brought by an agent close to the president . After initially coaching amateur side Vigor Lamezia , Ranieris first managerial position was at Campania Puteolana , a small team in Pozzuoli . He took charge there in 1987 . However , it was at Cagliari that he made his name as a manager . After joining the club in 1988 , he helped the team to gain promotion to Serie A from the third division Serie C1 in successive seasons , also winning the Coppa Italia Serie C in 1989 . At Cagliari , his team were known for their fluid tactical system , which enabled the team to change their shape and switch between different formations throughout the course of a single match . From 1991 , Ranieri managed for two seasons at Napoli , who were facing financial difficulties at the time . Despite finishing in fourth place in Serie A , and qualifying for the UEFA Cup , he won no silverware during his spell with the club . During his second season in charge of Napoli , he was dismissed by the clubs owner at the time , Corrado Ferlaino , following the teams elimination in the second round of the UEFA Cup , despite the clubs notable 5–1 away victory over Valencia in the first round of the tournament . He did , however , introduce Gianfranco Zola to the first team to replace the suspended star Diego Maradona , who had recently left the club , as well as Daniel Fonseca , whom he played alongside veteran striker Careca in the teams front line . Ranieri joined Fiorentina in 1993 , gaining promotion to Serie A after winning the 1993–94 Serie B title in his first season in charge of the Florence-based side . He subsequently had success in Serie A , winning the Coppa Italia and Supercoppa Italiana in 1996 , and along with the offensive talents of Gabriel Batistuta , Rui Costa and Francesco Baiano , he helped the club to go on a 15-match unbeaten run during the 1995–96 Serie A season , which saw the team hold second place for several months behind league leaders Milan ; Fiorentina lost five of their last nine league games , however , and eventually finished the season in fourth place . The next season was less successful , as Fiorentina finished in a disappointing ninth place in the league , although the team managed to reach the semi-finals of the 1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners Cup , losing out to eventual champions Barcelona . First spell in Spain . In 1997 , Ranieri moved to Spain to take over at Valencia . He was the coach from 1997 to 1999 and guided Valencia to a fourth-place finish in La Liga , achieving UEFA Champions League qualification in 1999 ; he also won the UEFA Intertoto Cup in 1998 , and the Copa del Rey in 1999 . After his first spell , Ranieri left the club in 1999 a popular man , and has been credited for putting Valencia on the track to subsequent success in the Champions League and La Liga , despite initially sitting in the lower half of the table upon his arrival . Under Ranieri , Valencia were known for their efficiency and defensive solidity in his tactically rigorous 4–4–2 formation , as well as their use of high pressing to win back possession , and their ability to score from counter-attacks . He was responsible for the development of several youth players at the club , among them Claudio López , Gaizka Mendieta , Miguel Ángel Angulo , and Javier Farinós . Ranieri also signed some players who would become highly successful at Mestalla , among them goalkeeper Santiago Cañizares . Ranieri subsequently signed for Atlético Madrid in 1999 ; during his time as the clubs coach , the team went into administration and struggled on the pitch . Nearing the brink of relegation , Ranieri resigned before he could be dismissed by the Atlético president Jesús Gil , who was well known for dismissing coaches . Ranieri had a talented squad at his disposal containing such players as Jose Molina , Joan Capdevila , Ruben Baraja , Santiago Solari , Kiko , Juan Carlos Valeron and Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink . Atlético would indeed go on to be relegated at the end of the season . Chelsea . As head coach of Chelsea from 18 September 2000 to 30 May 2004 , Ranieri worked hard to overcome the language barrier . When he arrived at the London club , he could speak only limited English ; however , the club had a few players who could speak Italian and Spanish and could help translate for him on the training pitch . Ranieris first season featured inconsistent results , with Chelsea reaching sixth place and a UEFA Cup spot . Ranieri had been instructed to reduce the average age of the squad , and worked to rebuild Chelsea in the summer of 2001 , creating a brand new midfield by signing Frank Lampard from West Ham United , Emmanuel Petit and Boudewijn Zenden from Barcelona , and Jesper Grønkjær from Ajax . He also signed defender William Gallas from Marseille , spending in total over £30 million . Ranieri , however , was criticised both for selling fan favourite Dennis Wise and the fact Chelseas league performance did not improve much on the previous season . The club finished sixth once again but did reach the FA Cup Final , losing 2–0 to Arsenal . During the 2002–03 season and throughout his Chelsea days , Ranieri was accused of over-rotating his squad , picking up the nickname of The Tinkerman from the British media . Chelsea finished the season on a high , qualifying for the Champions League after beating Liverpool 2–1 on the last day of the season . Ranieris achievement , coming after a close season where the club was in a difficult financial situation and the only arrival was Enrique de Lucas from Espanyol on a free transfer , was greatly appreciated by fans and the media alike . In addition , Ranieri succeeded in getting the best out of players Samuele Dalla Bona and Mario Stanić and nurtured emerging talents in John Terry , Robert Huth and Carlton Cole . When Chelsea were taken over by Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich in 2003 , Ranieri was given a large transfer fund but also found his job under threat . Days after the takeover , Abramovich was spotted meeting with England national team manager Sven-Göran Eriksson . Although the club denied Eriksson would be taking over at the time , these rumours would haunt Ranieris season . Ranieri spent £120 million on players in the summer of 2003 . These signings included Irish winger Damien Duff for a then club record £17 million ; English youngsters Wayne Bridge , Joe Cole and Glen Johnson ; Argentine pair Juan Sebastián Verón and Hernán Crespo ; Frenchman Claude Makélélé ; and Romanian star Adrian Mutu . This investment resulted in the best league placing for the club in 49 years , as they finished runners-up in the Premier League to Arsenal , who had become the first side in over 100 years to go an entire league season unbeaten . This position automatically qualified Chelsea for the Champions League . The club also reached the semi-finals of the Champions League ; Chelsea eliminated Arsenal en route , although Ranieris position was weakened by the semi-final loss to Monaco , a reverse the manager himself was blamed for due to several bizarre substitutions and tactical changes . That season saw Chelsea break club records for the fewest goals conceded and highest number of points in a season . Former English footballer and pundit David Platt used the example of Ranieri to illustrate his observation that building a team that can win the title and actually steering this team to the title are two different matters entirely . On 31 May 2004 , after almost one year of speculation , which included the clubs well-publicized courting of Eriksson , he was finally relieved of his coaching duties at Chelsea , and his job went to José Mourinho , who had led Porto to successive European triumphs . In Ranieris four seasons , Chelsea improved their points total season on season . The core of the Chelsea team which won two Premier League titles under Mourinho , including John Terry , William Gallas , Wayne Bridge , Claude Makélélé and Frank Lampard were all brought to Chelsea or nurtured by Ranieri . During his final months at Chelsea , Ranieri also identified Didier Drogba , Petr Čech and Arjen Robben as players Chelsea should sign , all of whom went on to become key players at the club . Ranieri published in September 2004 a book named Proud Man Walking chronicling his last year at Chelsea . All proceeds went to Londons Great Ormond Street Hospital . Valencia return . On 8 June 2004 , Ranieri returned for a second stint as coach of Valencia on a three-year contract . Ranieri took over after Rafael Benítez , who had led Valencia to the UEFA Cup and La Liga double the previous season , resigned and then promptly joined Liverpool . Ranieri made a series of signings from Serie A , including Marco Di Vaio , Stefano Fiore , Bernardo Corradi and Emiliano Moretti . After a bright start , in which the Mestalla outfit picked up 14 out of a possible 18 points and beat Porto to lift the UEFA Super Cup , Valencia went into a slump starting in October . They won only once in seven matches and were eliminated from the Champions League , partly thanks to a 5–1 defeat to Inter Milan in which midfielder Miguel Ángel Angulo was sent off for spitting . After a brief revival , Valencia went another six matches without a win beginning mid-January . Apart from the unpopularity of his four Italian signings , Ranieri was criticised for not playing Argentine playmaker Pablo Aimar and for persistent changes to formations and tactics , something resembling his Chelsea days . He was dismissed on 25 February 2005 after Valencia were eliminated from the UEFA Cup by Steaua București . Valencia were sixth in La Liga at the time of Ranieris dismissal . Quique Sánchez Flores was announced by Valencia in June 2005 to be Ranieris long-term successor . Prior to that , Ranieri received £3 million in compensation from Valencia for the early termination of his contract . Parma . On 12 February 2007 , one day after the 23rd Serie A matchday , Ranieri was announced as the new Parma manager following the dismissal of Stefano Pioli . He lost his first game in charge against Sampdoria 1–0 , but subsequently managed to make several impressive results to help Parma in the relegation battle , obtaining 17 points in 10 matches ( to be compared to his predecessors 15 points in 23 matches ) , including a 4–3 unexpected away win at Palermo which prompted the rosanero to dismiss their coach Francesco Guidolin . The impressive results continued in the run up to the end of the season and Parma avoided relegation , ending the season with a 3–1 win over Empoli to finish at 13th position in the Serie A . The team started to hit some impressive goal-scoring form as well , seen in the 4–1 thrashing of Messina in early May . After helping Parma escape from relegation , Ranieri was linked with several managing jobs , including Fulham , Manchester City , and Palermo . On 16 May 2007 , William Hill suspended betting on him becoming Manchester City manager following a flurry of betting activity . On 31 May , Parma announced Ranieri would not be the clubs manager for the following season . Juventus . On 4 June 2007 , Ranieri took over at Juventus . He signed a three-year contract with the club . The deal took effect on 1 July 2007 . Ranieri signed names such as Vincenzo Iaquinta from Udinese and Zdeněk Grygera from Ajax . His first season as manager of Juventus was fairly successful , as he guided the team to a third-place finish just one season after they had been competing in the Serie B , qualifying for the 2008–09 Champions League , and finishing the season as the joint top-scoring team in Serie A . In August 2008 , Ranieri engaged in a war of words with new Inter manager José Mourinho , who had replaced him four years earlier at Chelsea . Mourinho criticised Ranieri for his old-fashioned mentality , and for failing to win an important title as a manager in his career ; this led to a temporary feud between the two managers . He highlighted Inter as the strongest threat to Juventus in Serie A . Juventus began the season strongly , defeating Spanish champions Real Madrid in both their first-round legs of the Champions League to top their group , although the Turin-based club eventually fell to Ranieris former team , Chelsea , in the round of 16 . After Juventus struggled with injuries and failed to register a win in seven matches during a two-month period , which left the team in third place after a 2–2 home draw with Atalanta , he was said to have been under real pressure to maintain his job as head coach with many supporters of the club publicly criticising the team and in particular Ranieri . Speculation ended when , after having an emergency board meeting on 18 May 2009 , the board dismissed Ranieri after Inter were confirmed Serie A champions . He was replaced by youth system chief Ciro Ferrara . Ranieri had also led Juventus to the Coppa Italia semi-finals that season , where they were eliminated by Lazio , who went on to win the title . Juventus finished the league season in second place , one position better than the previous season . Roma . On 1 September 2009 , Ranieri was signed as the new manager of Roma on a two-year contract , succeeding Luciano Spalletti , who had resigned that day after opening the 2009–10 Serie A season with two defeats . Thus , Rome-born Ranieri became head coach of the football club which he had supported since childhood . Under his guidance , Roma dramatically improved their performances and thrust themselves into the championship battle , reducing the gap between themselves and leaders Inter to only one point after Ranieris team defeated Mourinhos Nerazzurri on matchday 31 . Roma then went on to win two more games consecutively and overtook Inter by matchday 33 , thanks to a 2–1 home win against Atalanta and Inters 2–2 draw against Fiorentina . This left the Giallorossi on the top of the table with five games remaining . Roma then extended its unbeaten run to 23 matches , and also maintained first place in the league table by winning a heated derby against crosstown rivals Lazio , extending the clubs unbeaten run to 24 matches . Ranieri was hailed by the press for substituting local heroes Francesco Totti and Daniele De Rossi during half-time , while Roma was losing 1–0 ; the Giallorossi then won the match 2–1 after two second-half goals from Mirko Vučinić . Roma , however , would surrender their lead in Serie A and also lose the Coppa Italia final , in both cases to treble-winning Inter . Following Romas 1–0 defeat in the Coppa Italia final , Inter boss Mourinho publicly mocked Ranieri , as he had reportedly showed his team the film Gladiator before the match , in order to motivate his players . The following season , Ranieri suffered yet another defeat to Inter in the 2010 Supercoppa Italiana . The season started off poorly for Roma and saw Ranieri clash with team captain Totti , who was critical of being left out of the team and of his coachs defensive tactics and constant changes to the starting line-up . Although the clubs form later improved , Ranieri resigned as manager on 20 February 2011 , after a poor run of results . His final game in charge was a 4–3 defeat to Genoa , in which Roma surrendered a 3–0 lead . Inter . On 22 September 2011 , Ranieri was named as the new manager of Inter , replacing Gian Piero Gasperini , who was dismissed for poor performances after losing four out of five matches . He signed a contract with the club until 30 June 2013 . The Nerazzurri managed to win 3–1 in Ranieris debut against Bologna on 24 September ; this was the first competitive win for the team in all tournaments since the beginning of the season , and was followed by a 3–2 Champions League away win at CSKA Moscow . A run of seven consecutive Serie A wins in December 2011 and January 2012 , including a 1–0 victory over cross-city rivals Milan , suddenly had them talking of challenging for the title . Thereafter , Inter suffered a poor run of results ( which also saw the departure of Thiago Motta to Paris Saint-Germain ) and their Champions League hopes were hanging by a thread after being beaten by Marseille 1–0 in the round of 16 first leg match . Speculation was growing that Ranieri would be dismissed soon , reaching its peak during half-time of the Serie A match with Catania , but it died down after a 2–0 away win over Chievo . On 26 March 2012 , however , following a 0–2 defeat against Juventus and after a run of just two wins in their last 13 games and eventual elimination by Marseille in the Champions League , Ranieri was dismissed . Monaco . On 30 May 2012 , Ranieri signed a two-year contract with Ligue 2 club Monaco . Ranieri led Monaco to promotion to Ligue 1 , with the club winning the Ligue 2 championship title for the first time in its history . The following season , Ranieri led Monaco to second place in the 2013–14 Ligue 1 – behind champions Paris Saint-Germain – after finishing the season with 80 points . On 20 May 2014 , his contract as Monaco manager was not renewed . Greece national team . Ranieri was appointed manager of the Greece national team following the departure of Fernando Santos after the 2014 FIFA World Cup ; Ranieri signed a two-year contract worth €1.6 million . Compared to their previous stability under Otto Rehhagel and Santos , Ranieri often changed line-ups and formations , confusing the players ; moreover , he did not live in Greece . He was dismissed on 15 November 2014 , the day after a UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying 1-0 defeat at home against the Faroe Islands . He received €800,000 in compensation for his termination . He reflected in a 2015 interview with the Leicester Mercury : Leicester City . First season . On 13 July 2015 , Leicester City announced Ranieri as the clubs new manager on a three-year contract . His appointment was initially met with scepticism ; Marcus Christenson of The Guardian called it baffling given Ranieris frequent recent dismissals and Greeces loss to the Faroe Islands . Christenson highlighted that Ranieris good humour would be the antithesis to the short-tempered outbursts of his predecessor Nigel Pearson , concluding , If Leicester wanted someone nice , theyve got him . If they wanted someone to keep them in the Premier League , then they may have gone for the wrong guy . Ranieris managerial debut with the club came in a 4–2 win over Sunderland on the opening match of the season on 8 August . After the match , Ranieri told the media that he inspired the team to win by giving them motivation from local rock band Kasabian . Following Leicesters first clean sheet of the 2015–16 Premier League season , which came in the clubs tenth fixture , in a 1–0 home win against Crystal Palace on 24 October , Ranieri attracted further media attention when he rewarded his players by taking the team out for pizza and having champagne . The strong start of the season saw the club at the top of the Premier League at Christmas , having scored in each of their first 17 games . During this run , striker Jamie Vardy broke the Premier League record by scoring in 11 consecutive league matches , a run Ranieri compared to Gabriel Batistutas during the 1994–95 season , while Ranieri was his manager at Fiorentina . In March 2016 , Ranieris quips once again attracted attention from the media when he stated in an interview that he used an imaginary bell in training in order to keep his players focused , by saying dilly ding , dilly dong ; the quote later gained popularity and became a club catchphrase . Leicesters change of form led the BBC to compare the world media attention brought to Leicester by Ranieri with that achieved by the discovery of the remains of Richard III of England . Leicester entered April at the summit of the Premier League and on 10 April 2016 , they clinched a spot in the 2016–17 Champions League after a 2–0 away win over Sunderland . Despite pressure from the chasing teams , Leicester maintained their lead at the top of the table throughout April and entered May knowing they only needed three points to lift the Premier League trophy . Leicester played a hotly contested 1–1 draw against Manchester United at Old Trafford on 1 May , earning them a crucial point . This meant Tottenham Hotspur had to win their next game against Chelsea to stay in the title race . After Ranieris appointment had been questioned in the media , barely avoiding relegation the previous season , and starting the 2015–16 Premier League campaign as 5,000–1 outsiders to win the title , Leicester City clinched the Premier League title the following day after second-place club Tottenham could only manage a 2–2 draw against Chelsea , despite leading 2–0 at half-time . This was the first time the club had won the title in their 132-year history . The teams success was described as a fairytale and the most unlikely triumph in the history of team sport . In spite of Ranieris previous Tinkerman nickname , Leicester consistently played the same line-up under his stewardship , using fewer players than any other team . With Leicester , Ranieri reverted to his preferred 4–4–2 formation , which made use of heavy pressing , defensive organisation and fast counter-attacks . Throughout the season , Ranieri drew praise from the media for his good humour and inspirational leadership at Leicester , and for successfully building a winning mentality and a successful team environment , while also being singled out for his tactical awareness , and for frequently taking the pressure off his players . His title success led some in the media to dub him King Claudio . On the last day of the season , Leicester played at Chelsea , who gave them the ceremonial guard of honour . Carlo Cudicini , an Italian goalkeeper who played for Chelsea under Ranieri , presented him with a special award on behalf of the club , as Leicester finished the season with a 1–1 away draw . On 16 May , Ranieri was named Manager of the Year for 2016 by the League Managers Association , and on 18 May , he was named the 2016 Barclays Premier League Manager of the Season . He was also awarded Grand Officer of the Italian Order of Merit and the Enzo Bearzot Award as best Italian manager of the year . Second season . On 7 August 2016 , Leicester began the 2016–17 season with a 2–1 defeat to Manchester United in the 2016 FA Community Shield . The start to Ranieris second Premier League season with Leicester was less successful : by late November , the team had lost 6 of their opening 12 Premier League matches , conceded 20 goals while only scoring 14 , and were in 14th place in the table , only two points above the relegation zone . Furthermore , Leicester had only won three matches in total , and had only managed to obtain one point away from home . Pundits opined that the team was unable to foster the same mentality that won them the title the previous season , and that NGolo Kantés departure to Chelsea , Vardys goal drought , Leicesters opponents different tactical approaches and the additional commitment of playing in the Champions League were the reasons for the clubs sudden drop in form . Despite their struggles in the league , however , the start to the clubs first ever Champions League campaign was more successful : Leicester won their first three matches , while also keeping four consecutive clean sheets ; following a 2–1 win over Club Brugge on 22 November , Leicester managed to top their group with 13 points and qualify for the knock-out round unbeaten with one match to spare , ahead of Porto and Copenhagen . In December , Ranieri was named as one of the three finalists for the 2016 Best FIFA Mens Coach ; he won the award on 9 January 2017 . On 23 February 2017 , Ranieri was dismissed by Leicester , with the club one point above the relegation zone with 13 matches remaining in the 2016–17 Premier League season . After a first leg 2–1 away loss to Sevilla in the Champions League round of 16 , it was reported by the media that senior players had been summoned to meet the Leicester City chairman Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha and the outcome of the meeting had sealed Ranieris fate . However , caretaker manager Craig Shakespeare and players denied that a player revolt had led to Ranieris dismissal . The action was described as a panic decision and wrong by Gary Lineker , who said he had shed a tear when he heard the news . Graeme Souness commented that while Ranieri had probably treated the players the same way as last year , the players had allowed themselves to get into the armchair ; while Ranieri had paid the price for a poor season , the players were to blame . Leicesters first match without Ranieri was a return-to-form 3–1 win over Liverpool ; the supporters showed loyalty to the players , but at the 65th minute torches and banners supporting Ranieri were held aloft , the largest one having a picture of Ranieri with the message Grazie Claudio ( Thank you , Claudio ) . Soccer Aid . In April 2016 , it was announced that Ranieri would manage the Rest of the World team at Soccer Aid , a charity football match in aid of UNICEF and held at Old Trafford , Manchester , on 5 June . The Rest of the World team lost 3–2 to an England team comprising former professional players and celebrities . Nantes . On 15 June 2017 , Nantes announced Ranieri as the clubs new manager . Ahead of Nantes final game of the season , it was announced that Ranieri would leave the club following its conclusion . Fulham . On 14 November 2018 , Ranieri was appointed as the manager of Fulham , replacing Slaviša Jokanović . On 24 November , his first match as the clubs new manager , he led Fulham to a dramatic 3–2 home win against Southampton , which put an end to Fulhams winless run in the league since 22 September . Ranieri was dismissed as the manager of Fulham and replaced by then assistant manager Scott Parker on 28 February 2019 , having won only 3 of his 17 matches in charge . Coincidentally , Jokanović had been Ranieris first signing for Chelsea and Parker had been his last . Return to Roma . On 8 March 2019 , Ranieri came back to Roma after eight years . He signed a contract which kept him at Roma until the end of the 2018–19 season , but with a possibility to extend the contract at the end of the season . In his first game back at Roma on 11 March , he led his team to a 2–1 home win over Empoli . In his final match for the club , on 26 May , he helped Roma to a 2–1 home win over Parma , but Roma ultimately missed out on a Champions League spot . Sampdoria . On 12 October 2019 , Ranieri signed a contract with Sampdoria , which would see him remain as the clubs manager until 2021 ; at the time of his appointment , the team were sitting in last place in Serie A . He guided them to fifteenth place at the end of the season . Following a ninth-place finish in the following season , Ranieri announced he would not be renewing his contract and would be leaving the club . Style of management . Ranieris teams usually employ a tactically rigorous 4–4–2 formation , and are known for their fitness and work-rate , as well as their efficient and highly organised playing style , and for being compact both defensively and in midfield ; his teams have drawn praise in the media for their defensive solidity , effective use of heavy pressing to win back possession , and their ability to score from quick counter-attacks . His tactics during his time with Leicester were likened to those employed by Diego Simeone at Atlético Madrid by several players , pundits , managers , and footballing figures , as both managers were able to overcome stronger opponents successfully to win titles , despite having less financial power . In addition to his tactical acumen , Ranieri has also drawn praise as a manager for his leadership , good humour , and his ability to both motivate and alleviate pressure on his players , thus fostering a winning mentality and a good team spirit ; he has frequently used several unorthodox methods throughout his career in order to inspire his squads , with mixed success , while his quips have made him a popular figure with the media . Throughout his career , Ranieri has also drawn criticism for over-rotating his squad and modifying his tactics and formations excessively throughout the course of a season , which earned him the nickname The Tinkerman in the British media . In the past , he has also been accused of using old-fashioned and overly defensive tactical systems by pundits and other managers , and was criticised for his failure to win a major league title , until he captured the Premier League title with Leicester in 2016 . Honours . Manager . Cagliari - Serie C1 : 1988–89 - Coppa Italia Serie C : 1988–89 - Serie B promotion : 1989–90 Fiorentina - Serie B : 1993–94 - Coppa Italia : 1995–96 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1996 Valencia - Copa del Rey : 1998–99 - UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1998 - UEFA Super Cup : 2004 Monaco - Ligue 2 : 2012–13 Leicester City - Premier League : 2015–16 Individual - Premier League Manager of the Season : 2015–16 - LMA Manager of the Year : 2016 - Premier League Manager of the Month : September 2003 , March 2004 , November 2015 , March 2016 , April 2016 - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2016 - Italian Football Hall of Fame : 2016 - Gazzetta Sports Awards Coach of the Year : 2016 - BBC Sports Personality of the Year Coach Award : 2016 - European Coach of the Season : 2015–16 - IFFHS Worlds Best Club Coach ( Third place ) : 2016 - Golden Foot : 2016 , as football legend - The Best FIFA Mens Coach : 2016 - World Soccer Magazine World Manager of the Year : 2016 - Fiorentina Hall of Fame : 2018 Orders . - 2nd Class / Grand Officer : Grande Ufficiale Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana : 2016 - 1st Class : Palma dOro al Merito Tecnico : 2016 |
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] | easy | Which team was coached by Claudio Ranieri from Jul 2007 to May 2009? | /wiki/Claudio_Ranieri#P6087#2 | Claudio Ranieri Claudio Ranieri ( ; born 20 October 1951 ) is an Italian football manager and former player . Ranieri began his managerial career in the lower leagues in Italy during the late 1980s , and made his name at Cagliari , whom he took from Serie C1 up to Serie A in successive seasons . He later went on to manage Napoli , where he led the team to qualify for the UEFA Cup , only to be dismissed the following season . In 1993 , he joined Fiorentina , and immediately led them to Serie A promotion , also winning the Coppa Italia and the Supercoppa Italiana in 1996 , before moving to Spain in 1997 , to manage Valencia and then Atlético Madrid . With Valencia , he won a Copa del Rey and an UEFA Intertoto Cup , and helped the club to qualify for the UEFA Champions League . In 2000 , Ranieri moved to England to become head coach at Chelsea . His four seasons there saw Chelsea improve their points total season on season , with them finishing runners-up in 2004 and reaching the UEFA Champions League semi-final the same season . He was dismissed by Chelsea owner Roman Abramovich that May , but a number of players he signed and brought through during his time at Stamford Bridge formed the core of the side that went on to achieve domestic and international success in subsequent seasons . After an unsuccessful second spell back in Spain with Valencia , he returned to management in Italy in 2007 , where he encountered mixed success with spells at Parma , Juventus , Roma and Inter Milan . In 2012 , he was hired to manage Ligue 1 team Monaco , who had just finished in the middle of Ligue 2 , and earned promotion as champions in his first season , then finished as Ligue 1 runners-up in his second season . This was followed by a foray into international management with the Greece national team , but he was dismissed less than four months later after a 1–0 home defeat against the Faroe Islands in the UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying . Ranieri returned to England once more in the summer of 2015 as manager of Leicester City . He went on to win the 2015–16 Premier League , after the club had narrowly avoided relegation the season prior , and was named the 2016 Premier League Manager of the Season , and LMA Manager of the Year . He was also awarded the Grand Officer of the Italian Order of Merit and the Enzo Bearzot Award as best Italian manager of the year , as well as the 2016 Best FIFA Mens Coach Award . He was dismissed by the club in February 2017 after a run of poor results . In June 2017 , he joined Nantes as manager and spent a single season at the club . He was appointed Fulham manager in November 2018 before being dismissed in February 2019 . Less than a month later , he returned as the head coach of Roma for the remainder of the 2018–19 season . Later that year , he was appointed as the coach of Sampdoria . Personal life . Ranieri was born in San Saba , a neighbourhood of Rome near the Circus Maximus , and is a lifelong supporter of A.S . Roma . He began playing football at his neighbourhood church . A childhood friend described him as having a stereotypically English demeanour , in being quiet and reserved . He and his family live in Formello , a nearby town where 1982 FIFA World Cup-winning goalkeeper Dino Zoff is also among the residents . Ranieri is married to Dr . Rosanna . Ranieri has a daughter , Claudia , who married Italian actor Alessandro Roja and gave Claudio a grandson , named Orlando . In May 2016 , during his time as manager of Leicester City , he attracted media attention when he stated that he would be travelling to Rome to have lunch with his 96-year-old mother instead of watching the Chelsea–Tottenham Hotspur match ; the match ended in a 2–2 draw , a result which ultimately awarded Ranieri his first ever Premier League title . Playing career . Ranieri first signed as a professional football player with Roma , though in his two seasons with the club he only made six appearances ; he also had a one-month loan spell with Siracusa . As a player , Ranieri spent most of his career playing as a defender for Catanzaro ( 1974–1982 ) , Catania ( 1982–1984 ) , and Palermo ( 1984–1986 ) . He was involved in four successful promotion campaigns ( two with Catanzaro and one each with Catania and Palermo ) . Managerial career . Early years in Italy . His managerial career start in Vigor Lamezia where he led them to a 12 match unbeaten run and take them to the top of the table . He later resigned for refusing to use the players that were brought by an agent close to the president . After initially coaching amateur side Vigor Lamezia , Ranieris first managerial position was at Campania Puteolana , a small team in Pozzuoli . He took charge there in 1987 . However , it was at Cagliari that he made his name as a manager . After joining the club in 1988 , he helped the team to gain promotion to Serie A from the third division Serie C1 in successive seasons , also winning the Coppa Italia Serie C in 1989 . At Cagliari , his team were known for their fluid tactical system , which enabled the team to change their shape and switch between different formations throughout the course of a single match . From 1991 , Ranieri managed for two seasons at Napoli , who were facing financial difficulties at the time . Despite finishing in fourth place in Serie A , and qualifying for the UEFA Cup , he won no silverware during his spell with the club . During his second season in charge of Napoli , he was dismissed by the clubs owner at the time , Corrado Ferlaino , following the teams elimination in the second round of the UEFA Cup , despite the clubs notable 5–1 away victory over Valencia in the first round of the tournament . He did , however , introduce Gianfranco Zola to the first team to replace the suspended star Diego Maradona , who had recently left the club , as well as Daniel Fonseca , whom he played alongside veteran striker Careca in the teams front line . Ranieri joined Fiorentina in 1993 , gaining promotion to Serie A after winning the 1993–94 Serie B title in his first season in charge of the Florence-based side . He subsequently had success in Serie A , winning the Coppa Italia and Supercoppa Italiana in 1996 , and along with the offensive talents of Gabriel Batistuta , Rui Costa and Francesco Baiano , he helped the club to go on a 15-match unbeaten run during the 1995–96 Serie A season , which saw the team hold second place for several months behind league leaders Milan ; Fiorentina lost five of their last nine league games , however , and eventually finished the season in fourth place . The next season was less successful , as Fiorentina finished in a disappointing ninth place in the league , although the team managed to reach the semi-finals of the 1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners Cup , losing out to eventual champions Barcelona . First spell in Spain . In 1997 , Ranieri moved to Spain to take over at Valencia . He was the coach from 1997 to 1999 and guided Valencia to a fourth-place finish in La Liga , achieving UEFA Champions League qualification in 1999 ; he also won the UEFA Intertoto Cup in 1998 , and the Copa del Rey in 1999 . After his first spell , Ranieri left the club in 1999 a popular man , and has been credited for putting Valencia on the track to subsequent success in the Champions League and La Liga , despite initially sitting in the lower half of the table upon his arrival . Under Ranieri , Valencia were known for their efficiency and defensive solidity in his tactically rigorous 4–4–2 formation , as well as their use of high pressing to win back possession , and their ability to score from counter-attacks . He was responsible for the development of several youth players at the club , among them Claudio López , Gaizka Mendieta , Miguel Ángel Angulo , and Javier Farinós . Ranieri also signed some players who would become highly successful at Mestalla , among them goalkeeper Santiago Cañizares . Ranieri subsequently signed for Atlético Madrid in 1999 ; during his time as the clubs coach , the team went into administration and struggled on the pitch . Nearing the brink of relegation , Ranieri resigned before he could be dismissed by the Atlético president Jesús Gil , who was well known for dismissing coaches . Ranieri had a talented squad at his disposal containing such players as Jose Molina , Joan Capdevila , Ruben Baraja , Santiago Solari , Kiko , Juan Carlos Valeron and Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink . Atlético would indeed go on to be relegated at the end of the season . Chelsea . As head coach of Chelsea from 18 September 2000 to 30 May 2004 , Ranieri worked hard to overcome the language barrier . When he arrived at the London club , he could speak only limited English ; however , the club had a few players who could speak Italian and Spanish and could help translate for him on the training pitch . Ranieris first season featured inconsistent results , with Chelsea reaching sixth place and a UEFA Cup spot . Ranieri had been instructed to reduce the average age of the squad , and worked to rebuild Chelsea in the summer of 2001 , creating a brand new midfield by signing Frank Lampard from West Ham United , Emmanuel Petit and Boudewijn Zenden from Barcelona , and Jesper Grønkjær from Ajax . He also signed defender William Gallas from Marseille , spending in total over £30 million . Ranieri , however , was criticised both for selling fan favourite Dennis Wise and the fact Chelseas league performance did not improve much on the previous season . The club finished sixth once again but did reach the FA Cup Final , losing 2–0 to Arsenal . During the 2002–03 season and throughout his Chelsea days , Ranieri was accused of over-rotating his squad , picking up the nickname of The Tinkerman from the British media . Chelsea finished the season on a high , qualifying for the Champions League after beating Liverpool 2–1 on the last day of the season . Ranieris achievement , coming after a close season where the club was in a difficult financial situation and the only arrival was Enrique de Lucas from Espanyol on a free transfer , was greatly appreciated by fans and the media alike . In addition , Ranieri succeeded in getting the best out of players Samuele Dalla Bona and Mario Stanić and nurtured emerging talents in John Terry , Robert Huth and Carlton Cole . When Chelsea were taken over by Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich in 2003 , Ranieri was given a large transfer fund but also found his job under threat . Days after the takeover , Abramovich was spotted meeting with England national team manager Sven-Göran Eriksson . Although the club denied Eriksson would be taking over at the time , these rumours would haunt Ranieris season . Ranieri spent £120 million on players in the summer of 2003 . These signings included Irish winger Damien Duff for a then club record £17 million ; English youngsters Wayne Bridge , Joe Cole and Glen Johnson ; Argentine pair Juan Sebastián Verón and Hernán Crespo ; Frenchman Claude Makélélé ; and Romanian star Adrian Mutu . This investment resulted in the best league placing for the club in 49 years , as they finished runners-up in the Premier League to Arsenal , who had become the first side in over 100 years to go an entire league season unbeaten . This position automatically qualified Chelsea for the Champions League . The club also reached the semi-finals of the Champions League ; Chelsea eliminated Arsenal en route , although Ranieris position was weakened by the semi-final loss to Monaco , a reverse the manager himself was blamed for due to several bizarre substitutions and tactical changes . That season saw Chelsea break club records for the fewest goals conceded and highest number of points in a season . Former English footballer and pundit David Platt used the example of Ranieri to illustrate his observation that building a team that can win the title and actually steering this team to the title are two different matters entirely . On 31 May 2004 , after almost one year of speculation , which included the clubs well-publicized courting of Eriksson , he was finally relieved of his coaching duties at Chelsea , and his job went to José Mourinho , who had led Porto to successive European triumphs . In Ranieris four seasons , Chelsea improved their points total season on season . The core of the Chelsea team which won two Premier League titles under Mourinho , including John Terry , William Gallas , Wayne Bridge , Claude Makélélé and Frank Lampard were all brought to Chelsea or nurtured by Ranieri . During his final months at Chelsea , Ranieri also identified Didier Drogba , Petr Čech and Arjen Robben as players Chelsea should sign , all of whom went on to become key players at the club . Ranieri published in September 2004 a book named Proud Man Walking chronicling his last year at Chelsea . All proceeds went to Londons Great Ormond Street Hospital . Valencia return . On 8 June 2004 , Ranieri returned for a second stint as coach of Valencia on a three-year contract . Ranieri took over after Rafael Benítez , who had led Valencia to the UEFA Cup and La Liga double the previous season , resigned and then promptly joined Liverpool . Ranieri made a series of signings from Serie A , including Marco Di Vaio , Stefano Fiore , Bernardo Corradi and Emiliano Moretti . After a bright start , in which the Mestalla outfit picked up 14 out of a possible 18 points and beat Porto to lift the UEFA Super Cup , Valencia went into a slump starting in October . They won only once in seven matches and were eliminated from the Champions League , partly thanks to a 5–1 defeat to Inter Milan in which midfielder Miguel Ángel Angulo was sent off for spitting . After a brief revival , Valencia went another six matches without a win beginning mid-January . Apart from the unpopularity of his four Italian signings , Ranieri was criticised for not playing Argentine playmaker Pablo Aimar and for persistent changes to formations and tactics , something resembling his Chelsea days . He was dismissed on 25 February 2005 after Valencia were eliminated from the UEFA Cup by Steaua București . Valencia were sixth in La Liga at the time of Ranieris dismissal . Quique Sánchez Flores was announced by Valencia in June 2005 to be Ranieris long-term successor . Prior to that , Ranieri received £3 million in compensation from Valencia for the early termination of his contract . Parma . On 12 February 2007 , one day after the 23rd Serie A matchday , Ranieri was announced as the new Parma manager following the dismissal of Stefano Pioli . He lost his first game in charge against Sampdoria 1–0 , but subsequently managed to make several impressive results to help Parma in the relegation battle , obtaining 17 points in 10 matches ( to be compared to his predecessors 15 points in 23 matches ) , including a 4–3 unexpected away win at Palermo which prompted the rosanero to dismiss their coach Francesco Guidolin . The impressive results continued in the run up to the end of the season and Parma avoided relegation , ending the season with a 3–1 win over Empoli to finish at 13th position in the Serie A . The team started to hit some impressive goal-scoring form as well , seen in the 4–1 thrashing of Messina in early May . After helping Parma escape from relegation , Ranieri was linked with several managing jobs , including Fulham , Manchester City , and Palermo . On 16 May 2007 , William Hill suspended betting on him becoming Manchester City manager following a flurry of betting activity . On 31 May , Parma announced Ranieri would not be the clubs manager for the following season . Juventus . On 4 June 2007 , Ranieri took over at Juventus . He signed a three-year contract with the club . The deal took effect on 1 July 2007 . Ranieri signed names such as Vincenzo Iaquinta from Udinese and Zdeněk Grygera from Ajax . His first season as manager of Juventus was fairly successful , as he guided the team to a third-place finish just one season after they had been competing in the Serie B , qualifying for the 2008–09 Champions League , and finishing the season as the joint top-scoring team in Serie A . In August 2008 , Ranieri engaged in a war of words with new Inter manager José Mourinho , who had replaced him four years earlier at Chelsea . Mourinho criticised Ranieri for his old-fashioned mentality , and for failing to win an important title as a manager in his career ; this led to a temporary feud between the two managers . He highlighted Inter as the strongest threat to Juventus in Serie A . Juventus began the season strongly , defeating Spanish champions Real Madrid in both their first-round legs of the Champions League to top their group , although the Turin-based club eventually fell to Ranieris former team , Chelsea , in the round of 16 . After Juventus struggled with injuries and failed to register a win in seven matches during a two-month period , which left the team in third place after a 2–2 home draw with Atalanta , he was said to have been under real pressure to maintain his job as head coach with many supporters of the club publicly criticising the team and in particular Ranieri . Speculation ended when , after having an emergency board meeting on 18 May 2009 , the board dismissed Ranieri after Inter were confirmed Serie A champions . He was replaced by youth system chief Ciro Ferrara . Ranieri had also led Juventus to the Coppa Italia semi-finals that season , where they were eliminated by Lazio , who went on to win the title . Juventus finished the league season in second place , one position better than the previous season . Roma . On 1 September 2009 , Ranieri was signed as the new manager of Roma on a two-year contract , succeeding Luciano Spalletti , who had resigned that day after opening the 2009–10 Serie A season with two defeats . Thus , Rome-born Ranieri became head coach of the football club which he had supported since childhood . Under his guidance , Roma dramatically improved their performances and thrust themselves into the championship battle , reducing the gap between themselves and leaders Inter to only one point after Ranieris team defeated Mourinhos Nerazzurri on matchday 31 . Roma then went on to win two more games consecutively and overtook Inter by matchday 33 , thanks to a 2–1 home win against Atalanta and Inters 2–2 draw against Fiorentina . This left the Giallorossi on the top of the table with five games remaining . Roma then extended its unbeaten run to 23 matches , and also maintained first place in the league table by winning a heated derby against crosstown rivals Lazio , extending the clubs unbeaten run to 24 matches . Ranieri was hailed by the press for substituting local heroes Francesco Totti and Daniele De Rossi during half-time , while Roma was losing 1–0 ; the Giallorossi then won the match 2–1 after two second-half goals from Mirko Vučinić . Roma , however , would surrender their lead in Serie A and also lose the Coppa Italia final , in both cases to treble-winning Inter . Following Romas 1–0 defeat in the Coppa Italia final , Inter boss Mourinho publicly mocked Ranieri , as he had reportedly showed his team the film Gladiator before the match , in order to motivate his players . The following season , Ranieri suffered yet another defeat to Inter in the 2010 Supercoppa Italiana . The season started off poorly for Roma and saw Ranieri clash with team captain Totti , who was critical of being left out of the team and of his coachs defensive tactics and constant changes to the starting line-up . Although the clubs form later improved , Ranieri resigned as manager on 20 February 2011 , after a poor run of results . His final game in charge was a 4–3 defeat to Genoa , in which Roma surrendered a 3–0 lead . Inter . On 22 September 2011 , Ranieri was named as the new manager of Inter , replacing Gian Piero Gasperini , who was dismissed for poor performances after losing four out of five matches . He signed a contract with the club until 30 June 2013 . The Nerazzurri managed to win 3–1 in Ranieris debut against Bologna on 24 September ; this was the first competitive win for the team in all tournaments since the beginning of the season , and was followed by a 3–2 Champions League away win at CSKA Moscow . A run of seven consecutive Serie A wins in December 2011 and January 2012 , including a 1–0 victory over cross-city rivals Milan , suddenly had them talking of challenging for the title . Thereafter , Inter suffered a poor run of results ( which also saw the departure of Thiago Motta to Paris Saint-Germain ) and their Champions League hopes were hanging by a thread after being beaten by Marseille 1–0 in the round of 16 first leg match . Speculation was growing that Ranieri would be dismissed soon , reaching its peak during half-time of the Serie A match with Catania , but it died down after a 2–0 away win over Chievo . On 26 March 2012 , however , following a 0–2 defeat against Juventus and after a run of just two wins in their last 13 games and eventual elimination by Marseille in the Champions League , Ranieri was dismissed . Monaco . On 30 May 2012 , Ranieri signed a two-year contract with Ligue 2 club Monaco . Ranieri led Monaco to promotion to Ligue 1 , with the club winning the Ligue 2 championship title for the first time in its history . The following season , Ranieri led Monaco to second place in the 2013–14 Ligue 1 – behind champions Paris Saint-Germain – after finishing the season with 80 points . On 20 May 2014 , his contract as Monaco manager was not renewed . Greece national team . Ranieri was appointed manager of the Greece national team following the departure of Fernando Santos after the 2014 FIFA World Cup ; Ranieri signed a two-year contract worth €1.6 million . Compared to their previous stability under Otto Rehhagel and Santos , Ranieri often changed line-ups and formations , confusing the players ; moreover , he did not live in Greece . He was dismissed on 15 November 2014 , the day after a UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying 1-0 defeat at home against the Faroe Islands . He received €800,000 in compensation for his termination . He reflected in a 2015 interview with the Leicester Mercury : Leicester City . First season . On 13 July 2015 , Leicester City announced Ranieri as the clubs new manager on a three-year contract . His appointment was initially met with scepticism ; Marcus Christenson of The Guardian called it baffling given Ranieris frequent recent dismissals and Greeces loss to the Faroe Islands . Christenson highlighted that Ranieris good humour would be the antithesis to the short-tempered outbursts of his predecessor Nigel Pearson , concluding , If Leicester wanted someone nice , theyve got him . If they wanted someone to keep them in the Premier League , then they may have gone for the wrong guy . Ranieris managerial debut with the club came in a 4–2 win over Sunderland on the opening match of the season on 8 August . After the match , Ranieri told the media that he inspired the team to win by giving them motivation from local rock band Kasabian . Following Leicesters first clean sheet of the 2015–16 Premier League season , which came in the clubs tenth fixture , in a 1–0 home win against Crystal Palace on 24 October , Ranieri attracted further media attention when he rewarded his players by taking the team out for pizza and having champagne . The strong start of the season saw the club at the top of the Premier League at Christmas , having scored in each of their first 17 games . During this run , striker Jamie Vardy broke the Premier League record by scoring in 11 consecutive league matches , a run Ranieri compared to Gabriel Batistutas during the 1994–95 season , while Ranieri was his manager at Fiorentina . In March 2016 , Ranieris quips once again attracted attention from the media when he stated in an interview that he used an imaginary bell in training in order to keep his players focused , by saying dilly ding , dilly dong ; the quote later gained popularity and became a club catchphrase . Leicesters change of form led the BBC to compare the world media attention brought to Leicester by Ranieri with that achieved by the discovery of the remains of Richard III of England . Leicester entered April at the summit of the Premier League and on 10 April 2016 , they clinched a spot in the 2016–17 Champions League after a 2–0 away win over Sunderland . Despite pressure from the chasing teams , Leicester maintained their lead at the top of the table throughout April and entered May knowing they only needed three points to lift the Premier League trophy . Leicester played a hotly contested 1–1 draw against Manchester United at Old Trafford on 1 May , earning them a crucial point . This meant Tottenham Hotspur had to win their next game against Chelsea to stay in the title race . After Ranieris appointment had been questioned in the media , barely avoiding relegation the previous season , and starting the 2015–16 Premier League campaign as 5,000–1 outsiders to win the title , Leicester City clinched the Premier League title the following day after second-place club Tottenham could only manage a 2–2 draw against Chelsea , despite leading 2–0 at half-time . This was the first time the club had won the title in their 132-year history . The teams success was described as a fairytale and the most unlikely triumph in the history of team sport . In spite of Ranieris previous Tinkerman nickname , Leicester consistently played the same line-up under his stewardship , using fewer players than any other team . With Leicester , Ranieri reverted to his preferred 4–4–2 formation , which made use of heavy pressing , defensive organisation and fast counter-attacks . Throughout the season , Ranieri drew praise from the media for his good humour and inspirational leadership at Leicester , and for successfully building a winning mentality and a successful team environment , while also being singled out for his tactical awareness , and for frequently taking the pressure off his players . His title success led some in the media to dub him King Claudio . On the last day of the season , Leicester played at Chelsea , who gave them the ceremonial guard of honour . Carlo Cudicini , an Italian goalkeeper who played for Chelsea under Ranieri , presented him with a special award on behalf of the club , as Leicester finished the season with a 1–1 away draw . On 16 May , Ranieri was named Manager of the Year for 2016 by the League Managers Association , and on 18 May , he was named the 2016 Barclays Premier League Manager of the Season . He was also awarded Grand Officer of the Italian Order of Merit and the Enzo Bearzot Award as best Italian manager of the year . Second season . On 7 August 2016 , Leicester began the 2016–17 season with a 2–1 defeat to Manchester United in the 2016 FA Community Shield . The start to Ranieris second Premier League season with Leicester was less successful : by late November , the team had lost 6 of their opening 12 Premier League matches , conceded 20 goals while only scoring 14 , and were in 14th place in the table , only two points above the relegation zone . Furthermore , Leicester had only won three matches in total , and had only managed to obtain one point away from home . Pundits opined that the team was unable to foster the same mentality that won them the title the previous season , and that NGolo Kantés departure to Chelsea , Vardys goal drought , Leicesters opponents different tactical approaches and the additional commitment of playing in the Champions League were the reasons for the clubs sudden drop in form . Despite their struggles in the league , however , the start to the clubs first ever Champions League campaign was more successful : Leicester won their first three matches , while also keeping four consecutive clean sheets ; following a 2–1 win over Club Brugge on 22 November , Leicester managed to top their group with 13 points and qualify for the knock-out round unbeaten with one match to spare , ahead of Porto and Copenhagen . In December , Ranieri was named as one of the three finalists for the 2016 Best FIFA Mens Coach ; he won the award on 9 January 2017 . On 23 February 2017 , Ranieri was dismissed by Leicester , with the club one point above the relegation zone with 13 matches remaining in the 2016–17 Premier League season . After a first leg 2–1 away loss to Sevilla in the Champions League round of 16 , it was reported by the media that senior players had been summoned to meet the Leicester City chairman Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha and the outcome of the meeting had sealed Ranieris fate . However , caretaker manager Craig Shakespeare and players denied that a player revolt had led to Ranieris dismissal . The action was described as a panic decision and wrong by Gary Lineker , who said he had shed a tear when he heard the news . Graeme Souness commented that while Ranieri had probably treated the players the same way as last year , the players had allowed themselves to get into the armchair ; while Ranieri had paid the price for a poor season , the players were to blame . Leicesters first match without Ranieri was a return-to-form 3–1 win over Liverpool ; the supporters showed loyalty to the players , but at the 65th minute torches and banners supporting Ranieri were held aloft , the largest one having a picture of Ranieri with the message Grazie Claudio ( Thank you , Claudio ) . Soccer Aid . In April 2016 , it was announced that Ranieri would manage the Rest of the World team at Soccer Aid , a charity football match in aid of UNICEF and held at Old Trafford , Manchester , on 5 June . The Rest of the World team lost 3–2 to an England team comprising former professional players and celebrities . Nantes . On 15 June 2017 , Nantes announced Ranieri as the clubs new manager . Ahead of Nantes final game of the season , it was announced that Ranieri would leave the club following its conclusion . Fulham . On 14 November 2018 , Ranieri was appointed as the manager of Fulham , replacing Slaviša Jokanović . On 24 November , his first match as the clubs new manager , he led Fulham to a dramatic 3–2 home win against Southampton , which put an end to Fulhams winless run in the league since 22 September . Ranieri was dismissed as the manager of Fulham and replaced by then assistant manager Scott Parker on 28 February 2019 , having won only 3 of his 17 matches in charge . Coincidentally , Jokanović had been Ranieris first signing for Chelsea and Parker had been his last . Return to Roma . On 8 March 2019 , Ranieri came back to Roma after eight years . He signed a contract which kept him at Roma until the end of the 2018–19 season , but with a possibility to extend the contract at the end of the season . In his first game back at Roma on 11 March , he led his team to a 2–1 home win over Empoli . In his final match for the club , on 26 May , he helped Roma to a 2–1 home win over Parma , but Roma ultimately missed out on a Champions League spot . Sampdoria . On 12 October 2019 , Ranieri signed a contract with Sampdoria , which would see him remain as the clubs manager until 2021 ; at the time of his appointment , the team were sitting in last place in Serie A . He guided them to fifteenth place at the end of the season . Following a ninth-place finish in the following season , Ranieri announced he would not be renewing his contract and would be leaving the club . Style of management . Ranieris teams usually employ a tactically rigorous 4–4–2 formation , and are known for their fitness and work-rate , as well as their efficient and highly organised playing style , and for being compact both defensively and in midfield ; his teams have drawn praise in the media for their defensive solidity , effective use of heavy pressing to win back possession , and their ability to score from quick counter-attacks . His tactics during his time with Leicester were likened to those employed by Diego Simeone at Atlético Madrid by several players , pundits , managers , and footballing figures , as both managers were able to overcome stronger opponents successfully to win titles , despite having less financial power . In addition to his tactical acumen , Ranieri has also drawn praise as a manager for his leadership , good humour , and his ability to both motivate and alleviate pressure on his players , thus fostering a winning mentality and a good team spirit ; he has frequently used several unorthodox methods throughout his career in order to inspire his squads , with mixed success , while his quips have made him a popular figure with the media . Throughout his career , Ranieri has also drawn criticism for over-rotating his squad and modifying his tactics and formations excessively throughout the course of a season , which earned him the nickname The Tinkerman in the British media . In the past , he has also been accused of using old-fashioned and overly defensive tactical systems by pundits and other managers , and was criticised for his failure to win a major league title , until he captured the Premier League title with Leicester in 2016 . Honours . Manager . Cagliari - Serie C1 : 1988–89 - Coppa Italia Serie C : 1988–89 - Serie B promotion : 1989–90 Fiorentina - Serie B : 1993–94 - Coppa Italia : 1995–96 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1996 Valencia - Copa del Rey : 1998–99 - UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1998 - UEFA Super Cup : 2004 Monaco - Ligue 2 : 2012–13 Leicester City - Premier League : 2015–16 Individual - Premier League Manager of the Season : 2015–16 - LMA Manager of the Year : 2016 - Premier League Manager of the Month : September 2003 , March 2004 , November 2015 , March 2016 , April 2016 - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2016 - Italian Football Hall of Fame : 2016 - Gazzetta Sports Awards Coach of the Year : 2016 - BBC Sports Personality of the Year Coach Award : 2016 - European Coach of the Season : 2015–16 - IFFHS Worlds Best Club Coach ( Third place ) : 2016 - Golden Foot : 2016 , as football legend - The Best FIFA Mens Coach : 2016 - World Soccer Magazine World Manager of the Year : 2016 - Fiorentina Hall of Fame : 2018 Orders . - 2nd Class / Grand Officer : Grande Ufficiale Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana : 2016 - 1st Class : Palma dOro al Merito Tecnico : 2016 |
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"Roma"
] | easy | Claudio Ranieri was the coach of which team from Sep 2009 to Feb 2011? | /wiki/Claudio_Ranieri#P6087#3 | Claudio Ranieri Claudio Ranieri ( ; born 20 October 1951 ) is an Italian football manager and former player . Ranieri began his managerial career in the lower leagues in Italy during the late 1980s , and made his name at Cagliari , whom he took from Serie C1 up to Serie A in successive seasons . He later went on to manage Napoli , where he led the team to qualify for the UEFA Cup , only to be dismissed the following season . In 1993 , he joined Fiorentina , and immediately led them to Serie A promotion , also winning the Coppa Italia and the Supercoppa Italiana in 1996 , before moving to Spain in 1997 , to manage Valencia and then Atlético Madrid . With Valencia , he won a Copa del Rey and an UEFA Intertoto Cup , and helped the club to qualify for the UEFA Champions League . In 2000 , Ranieri moved to England to become head coach at Chelsea . His four seasons there saw Chelsea improve their points total season on season , with them finishing runners-up in 2004 and reaching the UEFA Champions League semi-final the same season . He was dismissed by Chelsea owner Roman Abramovich that May , but a number of players he signed and brought through during his time at Stamford Bridge formed the core of the side that went on to achieve domestic and international success in subsequent seasons . After an unsuccessful second spell back in Spain with Valencia , he returned to management in Italy in 2007 , where he encountered mixed success with spells at Parma , Juventus , Roma and Inter Milan . In 2012 , he was hired to manage Ligue 1 team Monaco , who had just finished in the middle of Ligue 2 , and earned promotion as champions in his first season , then finished as Ligue 1 runners-up in his second season . This was followed by a foray into international management with the Greece national team , but he was dismissed less than four months later after a 1–0 home defeat against the Faroe Islands in the UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying . Ranieri returned to England once more in the summer of 2015 as manager of Leicester City . He went on to win the 2015–16 Premier League , after the club had narrowly avoided relegation the season prior , and was named the 2016 Premier League Manager of the Season , and LMA Manager of the Year . He was also awarded the Grand Officer of the Italian Order of Merit and the Enzo Bearzot Award as best Italian manager of the year , as well as the 2016 Best FIFA Mens Coach Award . He was dismissed by the club in February 2017 after a run of poor results . In June 2017 , he joined Nantes as manager and spent a single season at the club . He was appointed Fulham manager in November 2018 before being dismissed in February 2019 . Less than a month later , he returned as the head coach of Roma for the remainder of the 2018–19 season . Later that year , he was appointed as the coach of Sampdoria . Personal life . Ranieri was born in San Saba , a neighbourhood of Rome near the Circus Maximus , and is a lifelong supporter of A.S . Roma . He began playing football at his neighbourhood church . A childhood friend described him as having a stereotypically English demeanour , in being quiet and reserved . He and his family live in Formello , a nearby town where 1982 FIFA World Cup-winning goalkeeper Dino Zoff is also among the residents . Ranieri is married to Dr . Rosanna . Ranieri has a daughter , Claudia , who married Italian actor Alessandro Roja and gave Claudio a grandson , named Orlando . In May 2016 , during his time as manager of Leicester City , he attracted media attention when he stated that he would be travelling to Rome to have lunch with his 96-year-old mother instead of watching the Chelsea–Tottenham Hotspur match ; the match ended in a 2–2 draw , a result which ultimately awarded Ranieri his first ever Premier League title . Playing career . Ranieri first signed as a professional football player with Roma , though in his two seasons with the club he only made six appearances ; he also had a one-month loan spell with Siracusa . As a player , Ranieri spent most of his career playing as a defender for Catanzaro ( 1974–1982 ) , Catania ( 1982–1984 ) , and Palermo ( 1984–1986 ) . He was involved in four successful promotion campaigns ( two with Catanzaro and one each with Catania and Palermo ) . Managerial career . Early years in Italy . His managerial career start in Vigor Lamezia where he led them to a 12 match unbeaten run and take them to the top of the table . He later resigned for refusing to use the players that were brought by an agent close to the president . After initially coaching amateur side Vigor Lamezia , Ranieris first managerial position was at Campania Puteolana , a small team in Pozzuoli . He took charge there in 1987 . However , it was at Cagliari that he made his name as a manager . After joining the club in 1988 , he helped the team to gain promotion to Serie A from the third division Serie C1 in successive seasons , also winning the Coppa Italia Serie C in 1989 . At Cagliari , his team were known for their fluid tactical system , which enabled the team to change their shape and switch between different formations throughout the course of a single match . From 1991 , Ranieri managed for two seasons at Napoli , who were facing financial difficulties at the time . Despite finishing in fourth place in Serie A , and qualifying for the UEFA Cup , he won no silverware during his spell with the club . During his second season in charge of Napoli , he was dismissed by the clubs owner at the time , Corrado Ferlaino , following the teams elimination in the second round of the UEFA Cup , despite the clubs notable 5–1 away victory over Valencia in the first round of the tournament . He did , however , introduce Gianfranco Zola to the first team to replace the suspended star Diego Maradona , who had recently left the club , as well as Daniel Fonseca , whom he played alongside veteran striker Careca in the teams front line . Ranieri joined Fiorentina in 1993 , gaining promotion to Serie A after winning the 1993–94 Serie B title in his first season in charge of the Florence-based side . He subsequently had success in Serie A , winning the Coppa Italia and Supercoppa Italiana in 1996 , and along with the offensive talents of Gabriel Batistuta , Rui Costa and Francesco Baiano , he helped the club to go on a 15-match unbeaten run during the 1995–96 Serie A season , which saw the team hold second place for several months behind league leaders Milan ; Fiorentina lost five of their last nine league games , however , and eventually finished the season in fourth place . The next season was less successful , as Fiorentina finished in a disappointing ninth place in the league , although the team managed to reach the semi-finals of the 1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners Cup , losing out to eventual champions Barcelona . First spell in Spain . In 1997 , Ranieri moved to Spain to take over at Valencia . He was the coach from 1997 to 1999 and guided Valencia to a fourth-place finish in La Liga , achieving UEFA Champions League qualification in 1999 ; he also won the UEFA Intertoto Cup in 1998 , and the Copa del Rey in 1999 . After his first spell , Ranieri left the club in 1999 a popular man , and has been credited for putting Valencia on the track to subsequent success in the Champions League and La Liga , despite initially sitting in the lower half of the table upon his arrival . Under Ranieri , Valencia were known for their efficiency and defensive solidity in his tactically rigorous 4–4–2 formation , as well as their use of high pressing to win back possession , and their ability to score from counter-attacks . He was responsible for the development of several youth players at the club , among them Claudio López , Gaizka Mendieta , Miguel Ángel Angulo , and Javier Farinós . Ranieri also signed some players who would become highly successful at Mestalla , among them goalkeeper Santiago Cañizares . Ranieri subsequently signed for Atlético Madrid in 1999 ; during his time as the clubs coach , the team went into administration and struggled on the pitch . Nearing the brink of relegation , Ranieri resigned before he could be dismissed by the Atlético president Jesús Gil , who was well known for dismissing coaches . Ranieri had a talented squad at his disposal containing such players as Jose Molina , Joan Capdevila , Ruben Baraja , Santiago Solari , Kiko , Juan Carlos Valeron and Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink . Atlético would indeed go on to be relegated at the end of the season . Chelsea . As head coach of Chelsea from 18 September 2000 to 30 May 2004 , Ranieri worked hard to overcome the language barrier . When he arrived at the London club , he could speak only limited English ; however , the club had a few players who could speak Italian and Spanish and could help translate for him on the training pitch . Ranieris first season featured inconsistent results , with Chelsea reaching sixth place and a UEFA Cup spot . Ranieri had been instructed to reduce the average age of the squad , and worked to rebuild Chelsea in the summer of 2001 , creating a brand new midfield by signing Frank Lampard from West Ham United , Emmanuel Petit and Boudewijn Zenden from Barcelona , and Jesper Grønkjær from Ajax . He also signed defender William Gallas from Marseille , spending in total over £30 million . Ranieri , however , was criticised both for selling fan favourite Dennis Wise and the fact Chelseas league performance did not improve much on the previous season . The club finished sixth once again but did reach the FA Cup Final , losing 2–0 to Arsenal . During the 2002–03 season and throughout his Chelsea days , Ranieri was accused of over-rotating his squad , picking up the nickname of The Tinkerman from the British media . Chelsea finished the season on a high , qualifying for the Champions League after beating Liverpool 2–1 on the last day of the season . Ranieris achievement , coming after a close season where the club was in a difficult financial situation and the only arrival was Enrique de Lucas from Espanyol on a free transfer , was greatly appreciated by fans and the media alike . In addition , Ranieri succeeded in getting the best out of players Samuele Dalla Bona and Mario Stanić and nurtured emerging talents in John Terry , Robert Huth and Carlton Cole . When Chelsea were taken over by Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich in 2003 , Ranieri was given a large transfer fund but also found his job under threat . Days after the takeover , Abramovich was spotted meeting with England national team manager Sven-Göran Eriksson . Although the club denied Eriksson would be taking over at the time , these rumours would haunt Ranieris season . Ranieri spent £120 million on players in the summer of 2003 . These signings included Irish winger Damien Duff for a then club record £17 million ; English youngsters Wayne Bridge , Joe Cole and Glen Johnson ; Argentine pair Juan Sebastián Verón and Hernán Crespo ; Frenchman Claude Makélélé ; and Romanian star Adrian Mutu . This investment resulted in the best league placing for the club in 49 years , as they finished runners-up in the Premier League to Arsenal , who had become the first side in over 100 years to go an entire league season unbeaten . This position automatically qualified Chelsea for the Champions League . The club also reached the semi-finals of the Champions League ; Chelsea eliminated Arsenal en route , although Ranieris position was weakened by the semi-final loss to Monaco , a reverse the manager himself was blamed for due to several bizarre substitutions and tactical changes . That season saw Chelsea break club records for the fewest goals conceded and highest number of points in a season . Former English footballer and pundit David Platt used the example of Ranieri to illustrate his observation that building a team that can win the title and actually steering this team to the title are two different matters entirely . On 31 May 2004 , after almost one year of speculation , which included the clubs well-publicized courting of Eriksson , he was finally relieved of his coaching duties at Chelsea , and his job went to José Mourinho , who had led Porto to successive European triumphs . In Ranieris four seasons , Chelsea improved their points total season on season . The core of the Chelsea team which won two Premier League titles under Mourinho , including John Terry , William Gallas , Wayne Bridge , Claude Makélélé and Frank Lampard were all brought to Chelsea or nurtured by Ranieri . During his final months at Chelsea , Ranieri also identified Didier Drogba , Petr Čech and Arjen Robben as players Chelsea should sign , all of whom went on to become key players at the club . Ranieri published in September 2004 a book named Proud Man Walking chronicling his last year at Chelsea . All proceeds went to Londons Great Ormond Street Hospital . Valencia return . On 8 June 2004 , Ranieri returned for a second stint as coach of Valencia on a three-year contract . Ranieri took over after Rafael Benítez , who had led Valencia to the UEFA Cup and La Liga double the previous season , resigned and then promptly joined Liverpool . Ranieri made a series of signings from Serie A , including Marco Di Vaio , Stefano Fiore , Bernardo Corradi and Emiliano Moretti . After a bright start , in which the Mestalla outfit picked up 14 out of a possible 18 points and beat Porto to lift the UEFA Super Cup , Valencia went into a slump starting in October . They won only once in seven matches and were eliminated from the Champions League , partly thanks to a 5–1 defeat to Inter Milan in which midfielder Miguel Ángel Angulo was sent off for spitting . After a brief revival , Valencia went another six matches without a win beginning mid-January . Apart from the unpopularity of his four Italian signings , Ranieri was criticised for not playing Argentine playmaker Pablo Aimar and for persistent changes to formations and tactics , something resembling his Chelsea days . He was dismissed on 25 February 2005 after Valencia were eliminated from the UEFA Cup by Steaua București . Valencia were sixth in La Liga at the time of Ranieris dismissal . Quique Sánchez Flores was announced by Valencia in June 2005 to be Ranieris long-term successor . Prior to that , Ranieri received £3 million in compensation from Valencia for the early termination of his contract . Parma . On 12 February 2007 , one day after the 23rd Serie A matchday , Ranieri was announced as the new Parma manager following the dismissal of Stefano Pioli . He lost his first game in charge against Sampdoria 1–0 , but subsequently managed to make several impressive results to help Parma in the relegation battle , obtaining 17 points in 10 matches ( to be compared to his predecessors 15 points in 23 matches ) , including a 4–3 unexpected away win at Palermo which prompted the rosanero to dismiss their coach Francesco Guidolin . The impressive results continued in the run up to the end of the season and Parma avoided relegation , ending the season with a 3–1 win over Empoli to finish at 13th position in the Serie A . The team started to hit some impressive goal-scoring form as well , seen in the 4–1 thrashing of Messina in early May . After helping Parma escape from relegation , Ranieri was linked with several managing jobs , including Fulham , Manchester City , and Palermo . On 16 May 2007 , William Hill suspended betting on him becoming Manchester City manager following a flurry of betting activity . On 31 May , Parma announced Ranieri would not be the clubs manager for the following season . Juventus . On 4 June 2007 , Ranieri took over at Juventus . He signed a three-year contract with the club . The deal took effect on 1 July 2007 . Ranieri signed names such as Vincenzo Iaquinta from Udinese and Zdeněk Grygera from Ajax . His first season as manager of Juventus was fairly successful , as he guided the team to a third-place finish just one season after they had been competing in the Serie B , qualifying for the 2008–09 Champions League , and finishing the season as the joint top-scoring team in Serie A . In August 2008 , Ranieri engaged in a war of words with new Inter manager José Mourinho , who had replaced him four years earlier at Chelsea . Mourinho criticised Ranieri for his old-fashioned mentality , and for failing to win an important title as a manager in his career ; this led to a temporary feud between the two managers . He highlighted Inter as the strongest threat to Juventus in Serie A . Juventus began the season strongly , defeating Spanish champions Real Madrid in both their first-round legs of the Champions League to top their group , although the Turin-based club eventually fell to Ranieris former team , Chelsea , in the round of 16 . After Juventus struggled with injuries and failed to register a win in seven matches during a two-month period , which left the team in third place after a 2–2 home draw with Atalanta , he was said to have been under real pressure to maintain his job as head coach with many supporters of the club publicly criticising the team and in particular Ranieri . Speculation ended when , after having an emergency board meeting on 18 May 2009 , the board dismissed Ranieri after Inter were confirmed Serie A champions . He was replaced by youth system chief Ciro Ferrara . Ranieri had also led Juventus to the Coppa Italia semi-finals that season , where they were eliminated by Lazio , who went on to win the title . Juventus finished the league season in second place , one position better than the previous season . Roma . On 1 September 2009 , Ranieri was signed as the new manager of Roma on a two-year contract , succeeding Luciano Spalletti , who had resigned that day after opening the 2009–10 Serie A season with two defeats . Thus , Rome-born Ranieri became head coach of the football club which he had supported since childhood . Under his guidance , Roma dramatically improved their performances and thrust themselves into the championship battle , reducing the gap between themselves and leaders Inter to only one point after Ranieris team defeated Mourinhos Nerazzurri on matchday 31 . Roma then went on to win two more games consecutively and overtook Inter by matchday 33 , thanks to a 2–1 home win against Atalanta and Inters 2–2 draw against Fiorentina . This left the Giallorossi on the top of the table with five games remaining . Roma then extended its unbeaten run to 23 matches , and also maintained first place in the league table by winning a heated derby against crosstown rivals Lazio , extending the clubs unbeaten run to 24 matches . Ranieri was hailed by the press for substituting local heroes Francesco Totti and Daniele De Rossi during half-time , while Roma was losing 1–0 ; the Giallorossi then won the match 2–1 after two second-half goals from Mirko Vučinić . Roma , however , would surrender their lead in Serie A and also lose the Coppa Italia final , in both cases to treble-winning Inter . Following Romas 1–0 defeat in the Coppa Italia final , Inter boss Mourinho publicly mocked Ranieri , as he had reportedly showed his team the film Gladiator before the match , in order to motivate his players . The following season , Ranieri suffered yet another defeat to Inter in the 2010 Supercoppa Italiana . The season started off poorly for Roma and saw Ranieri clash with team captain Totti , who was critical of being left out of the team and of his coachs defensive tactics and constant changes to the starting line-up . Although the clubs form later improved , Ranieri resigned as manager on 20 February 2011 , after a poor run of results . His final game in charge was a 4–3 defeat to Genoa , in which Roma surrendered a 3–0 lead . Inter . On 22 September 2011 , Ranieri was named as the new manager of Inter , replacing Gian Piero Gasperini , who was dismissed for poor performances after losing four out of five matches . He signed a contract with the club until 30 June 2013 . The Nerazzurri managed to win 3–1 in Ranieris debut against Bologna on 24 September ; this was the first competitive win for the team in all tournaments since the beginning of the season , and was followed by a 3–2 Champions League away win at CSKA Moscow . A run of seven consecutive Serie A wins in December 2011 and January 2012 , including a 1–0 victory over cross-city rivals Milan , suddenly had them talking of challenging for the title . Thereafter , Inter suffered a poor run of results ( which also saw the departure of Thiago Motta to Paris Saint-Germain ) and their Champions League hopes were hanging by a thread after being beaten by Marseille 1–0 in the round of 16 first leg match . Speculation was growing that Ranieri would be dismissed soon , reaching its peak during half-time of the Serie A match with Catania , but it died down after a 2–0 away win over Chievo . On 26 March 2012 , however , following a 0–2 defeat against Juventus and after a run of just two wins in their last 13 games and eventual elimination by Marseille in the Champions League , Ranieri was dismissed . Monaco . On 30 May 2012 , Ranieri signed a two-year contract with Ligue 2 club Monaco . Ranieri led Monaco to promotion to Ligue 1 , with the club winning the Ligue 2 championship title for the first time in its history . The following season , Ranieri led Monaco to second place in the 2013–14 Ligue 1 – behind champions Paris Saint-Germain – after finishing the season with 80 points . On 20 May 2014 , his contract as Monaco manager was not renewed . Greece national team . Ranieri was appointed manager of the Greece national team following the departure of Fernando Santos after the 2014 FIFA World Cup ; Ranieri signed a two-year contract worth €1.6 million . Compared to their previous stability under Otto Rehhagel and Santos , Ranieri often changed line-ups and formations , confusing the players ; moreover , he did not live in Greece . He was dismissed on 15 November 2014 , the day after a UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying 1-0 defeat at home against the Faroe Islands . He received €800,000 in compensation for his termination . He reflected in a 2015 interview with the Leicester Mercury : Leicester City . First season . On 13 July 2015 , Leicester City announced Ranieri as the clubs new manager on a three-year contract . His appointment was initially met with scepticism ; Marcus Christenson of The Guardian called it baffling given Ranieris frequent recent dismissals and Greeces loss to the Faroe Islands . Christenson highlighted that Ranieris good humour would be the antithesis to the short-tempered outbursts of his predecessor Nigel Pearson , concluding , If Leicester wanted someone nice , theyve got him . If they wanted someone to keep them in the Premier League , then they may have gone for the wrong guy . Ranieris managerial debut with the club came in a 4–2 win over Sunderland on the opening match of the season on 8 August . After the match , Ranieri told the media that he inspired the team to win by giving them motivation from local rock band Kasabian . Following Leicesters first clean sheet of the 2015–16 Premier League season , which came in the clubs tenth fixture , in a 1–0 home win against Crystal Palace on 24 October , Ranieri attracted further media attention when he rewarded his players by taking the team out for pizza and having champagne . The strong start of the season saw the club at the top of the Premier League at Christmas , having scored in each of their first 17 games . During this run , striker Jamie Vardy broke the Premier League record by scoring in 11 consecutive league matches , a run Ranieri compared to Gabriel Batistutas during the 1994–95 season , while Ranieri was his manager at Fiorentina . In March 2016 , Ranieris quips once again attracted attention from the media when he stated in an interview that he used an imaginary bell in training in order to keep his players focused , by saying dilly ding , dilly dong ; the quote later gained popularity and became a club catchphrase . Leicesters change of form led the BBC to compare the world media attention brought to Leicester by Ranieri with that achieved by the discovery of the remains of Richard III of England . Leicester entered April at the summit of the Premier League and on 10 April 2016 , they clinched a spot in the 2016–17 Champions League after a 2–0 away win over Sunderland . Despite pressure from the chasing teams , Leicester maintained their lead at the top of the table throughout April and entered May knowing they only needed three points to lift the Premier League trophy . Leicester played a hotly contested 1–1 draw against Manchester United at Old Trafford on 1 May , earning them a crucial point . This meant Tottenham Hotspur had to win their next game against Chelsea to stay in the title race . After Ranieris appointment had been questioned in the media , barely avoiding relegation the previous season , and starting the 2015–16 Premier League campaign as 5,000–1 outsiders to win the title , Leicester City clinched the Premier League title the following day after second-place club Tottenham could only manage a 2–2 draw against Chelsea , despite leading 2–0 at half-time . This was the first time the club had won the title in their 132-year history . The teams success was described as a fairytale and the most unlikely triumph in the history of team sport . In spite of Ranieris previous Tinkerman nickname , Leicester consistently played the same line-up under his stewardship , using fewer players than any other team . With Leicester , Ranieri reverted to his preferred 4–4–2 formation , which made use of heavy pressing , defensive organisation and fast counter-attacks . Throughout the season , Ranieri drew praise from the media for his good humour and inspirational leadership at Leicester , and for successfully building a winning mentality and a successful team environment , while also being singled out for his tactical awareness , and for frequently taking the pressure off his players . His title success led some in the media to dub him King Claudio . On the last day of the season , Leicester played at Chelsea , who gave them the ceremonial guard of honour . Carlo Cudicini , an Italian goalkeeper who played for Chelsea under Ranieri , presented him with a special award on behalf of the club , as Leicester finished the season with a 1–1 away draw . On 16 May , Ranieri was named Manager of the Year for 2016 by the League Managers Association , and on 18 May , he was named the 2016 Barclays Premier League Manager of the Season . He was also awarded Grand Officer of the Italian Order of Merit and the Enzo Bearzot Award as best Italian manager of the year . Second season . On 7 August 2016 , Leicester began the 2016–17 season with a 2–1 defeat to Manchester United in the 2016 FA Community Shield . The start to Ranieris second Premier League season with Leicester was less successful : by late November , the team had lost 6 of their opening 12 Premier League matches , conceded 20 goals while only scoring 14 , and were in 14th place in the table , only two points above the relegation zone . Furthermore , Leicester had only won three matches in total , and had only managed to obtain one point away from home . Pundits opined that the team was unable to foster the same mentality that won them the title the previous season , and that NGolo Kantés departure to Chelsea , Vardys goal drought , Leicesters opponents different tactical approaches and the additional commitment of playing in the Champions League were the reasons for the clubs sudden drop in form . Despite their struggles in the league , however , the start to the clubs first ever Champions League campaign was more successful : Leicester won their first three matches , while also keeping four consecutive clean sheets ; following a 2–1 win over Club Brugge on 22 November , Leicester managed to top their group with 13 points and qualify for the knock-out round unbeaten with one match to spare , ahead of Porto and Copenhagen . In December , Ranieri was named as one of the three finalists for the 2016 Best FIFA Mens Coach ; he won the award on 9 January 2017 . On 23 February 2017 , Ranieri was dismissed by Leicester , with the club one point above the relegation zone with 13 matches remaining in the 2016–17 Premier League season . After a first leg 2–1 away loss to Sevilla in the Champions League round of 16 , it was reported by the media that senior players had been summoned to meet the Leicester City chairman Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha and the outcome of the meeting had sealed Ranieris fate . However , caretaker manager Craig Shakespeare and players denied that a player revolt had led to Ranieris dismissal . The action was described as a panic decision and wrong by Gary Lineker , who said he had shed a tear when he heard the news . Graeme Souness commented that while Ranieri had probably treated the players the same way as last year , the players had allowed themselves to get into the armchair ; while Ranieri had paid the price for a poor season , the players were to blame . Leicesters first match without Ranieri was a return-to-form 3–1 win over Liverpool ; the supporters showed loyalty to the players , but at the 65th minute torches and banners supporting Ranieri were held aloft , the largest one having a picture of Ranieri with the message Grazie Claudio ( Thank you , Claudio ) . Soccer Aid . In April 2016 , it was announced that Ranieri would manage the Rest of the World team at Soccer Aid , a charity football match in aid of UNICEF and held at Old Trafford , Manchester , on 5 June . The Rest of the World team lost 3–2 to an England team comprising former professional players and celebrities . Nantes . On 15 June 2017 , Nantes announced Ranieri as the clubs new manager . Ahead of Nantes final game of the season , it was announced that Ranieri would leave the club following its conclusion . Fulham . On 14 November 2018 , Ranieri was appointed as the manager of Fulham , replacing Slaviša Jokanović . On 24 November , his first match as the clubs new manager , he led Fulham to a dramatic 3–2 home win against Southampton , which put an end to Fulhams winless run in the league since 22 September . Ranieri was dismissed as the manager of Fulham and replaced by then assistant manager Scott Parker on 28 February 2019 , having won only 3 of his 17 matches in charge . Coincidentally , Jokanović had been Ranieris first signing for Chelsea and Parker had been his last . Return to Roma . On 8 March 2019 , Ranieri came back to Roma after eight years . He signed a contract which kept him at Roma until the end of the 2018–19 season , but with a possibility to extend the contract at the end of the season . In his first game back at Roma on 11 March , he led his team to a 2–1 home win over Empoli . In his final match for the club , on 26 May , he helped Roma to a 2–1 home win over Parma , but Roma ultimately missed out on a Champions League spot . Sampdoria . On 12 October 2019 , Ranieri signed a contract with Sampdoria , which would see him remain as the clubs manager until 2021 ; at the time of his appointment , the team were sitting in last place in Serie A . He guided them to fifteenth place at the end of the season . Following a ninth-place finish in the following season , Ranieri announced he would not be renewing his contract and would be leaving the club . Style of management . Ranieris teams usually employ a tactically rigorous 4–4–2 formation , and are known for their fitness and work-rate , as well as their efficient and highly organised playing style , and for being compact both defensively and in midfield ; his teams have drawn praise in the media for their defensive solidity , effective use of heavy pressing to win back possession , and their ability to score from quick counter-attacks . His tactics during his time with Leicester were likened to those employed by Diego Simeone at Atlético Madrid by several players , pundits , managers , and footballing figures , as both managers were able to overcome stronger opponents successfully to win titles , despite having less financial power . In addition to his tactical acumen , Ranieri has also drawn praise as a manager for his leadership , good humour , and his ability to both motivate and alleviate pressure on his players , thus fostering a winning mentality and a good team spirit ; he has frequently used several unorthodox methods throughout his career in order to inspire his squads , with mixed success , while his quips have made him a popular figure with the media . Throughout his career , Ranieri has also drawn criticism for over-rotating his squad and modifying his tactics and formations excessively throughout the course of a season , which earned him the nickname The Tinkerman in the British media . In the past , he has also been accused of using old-fashioned and overly defensive tactical systems by pundits and other managers , and was criticised for his failure to win a major league title , until he captured the Premier League title with Leicester in 2016 . Honours . Manager . Cagliari - Serie C1 : 1988–89 - Coppa Italia Serie C : 1988–89 - Serie B promotion : 1989–90 Fiorentina - Serie B : 1993–94 - Coppa Italia : 1995–96 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1996 Valencia - Copa del Rey : 1998–99 - UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1998 - UEFA Super Cup : 2004 Monaco - Ligue 2 : 2012–13 Leicester City - Premier League : 2015–16 Individual - Premier League Manager of the Season : 2015–16 - LMA Manager of the Year : 2016 - Premier League Manager of the Month : September 2003 , March 2004 , November 2015 , March 2016 , April 2016 - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2016 - Italian Football Hall of Fame : 2016 - Gazzetta Sports Awards Coach of the Year : 2016 - BBC Sports Personality of the Year Coach Award : 2016 - European Coach of the Season : 2015–16 - IFFHS Worlds Best Club Coach ( Third place ) : 2016 - Golden Foot : 2016 , as football legend - The Best FIFA Mens Coach : 2016 - World Soccer Magazine World Manager of the Year : 2016 - Fiorentina Hall of Fame : 2018 Orders . - 2nd Class / Grand Officer : Grande Ufficiale Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana : 2016 - 1st Class : Palma dOro al Merito Tecnico : 2016 |
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] | easy | Claudio Ranieri was the coach of which team from Sep 2011 to Mar 2012? | /wiki/Claudio_Ranieri#P6087#4 | Claudio Ranieri Claudio Ranieri ( ; born 20 October 1951 ) is an Italian football manager and former player . Ranieri began his managerial career in the lower leagues in Italy during the late 1980s , and made his name at Cagliari , whom he took from Serie C1 up to Serie A in successive seasons . He later went on to manage Napoli , where he led the team to qualify for the UEFA Cup , only to be dismissed the following season . In 1993 , he joined Fiorentina , and immediately led them to Serie A promotion , also winning the Coppa Italia and the Supercoppa Italiana in 1996 , before moving to Spain in 1997 , to manage Valencia and then Atlético Madrid . With Valencia , he won a Copa del Rey and an UEFA Intertoto Cup , and helped the club to qualify for the UEFA Champions League . In 2000 , Ranieri moved to England to become head coach at Chelsea . His four seasons there saw Chelsea improve their points total season on season , with them finishing runners-up in 2004 and reaching the UEFA Champions League semi-final the same season . He was dismissed by Chelsea owner Roman Abramovich that May , but a number of players he signed and brought through during his time at Stamford Bridge formed the core of the side that went on to achieve domestic and international success in subsequent seasons . After an unsuccessful second spell back in Spain with Valencia , he returned to management in Italy in 2007 , where he encountered mixed success with spells at Parma , Juventus , Roma and Inter Milan . In 2012 , he was hired to manage Ligue 1 team Monaco , who had just finished in the middle of Ligue 2 , and earned promotion as champions in his first season , then finished as Ligue 1 runners-up in his second season . This was followed by a foray into international management with the Greece national team , but he was dismissed less than four months later after a 1–0 home defeat against the Faroe Islands in the UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying . Ranieri returned to England once more in the summer of 2015 as manager of Leicester City . He went on to win the 2015–16 Premier League , after the club had narrowly avoided relegation the season prior , and was named the 2016 Premier League Manager of the Season , and LMA Manager of the Year . He was also awarded the Grand Officer of the Italian Order of Merit and the Enzo Bearzot Award as best Italian manager of the year , as well as the 2016 Best FIFA Mens Coach Award . He was dismissed by the club in February 2017 after a run of poor results . In June 2017 , he joined Nantes as manager and spent a single season at the club . He was appointed Fulham manager in November 2018 before being dismissed in February 2019 . Less than a month later , he returned as the head coach of Roma for the remainder of the 2018–19 season . Later that year , he was appointed as the coach of Sampdoria . Personal life . Ranieri was born in San Saba , a neighbourhood of Rome near the Circus Maximus , and is a lifelong supporter of A.S . Roma . He began playing football at his neighbourhood church . A childhood friend described him as having a stereotypically English demeanour , in being quiet and reserved . He and his family live in Formello , a nearby town where 1982 FIFA World Cup-winning goalkeeper Dino Zoff is also among the residents . Ranieri is married to Dr . Rosanna . Ranieri has a daughter , Claudia , who married Italian actor Alessandro Roja and gave Claudio a grandson , named Orlando . In May 2016 , during his time as manager of Leicester City , he attracted media attention when he stated that he would be travelling to Rome to have lunch with his 96-year-old mother instead of watching the Chelsea–Tottenham Hotspur match ; the match ended in a 2–2 draw , a result which ultimately awarded Ranieri his first ever Premier League title . Playing career . Ranieri first signed as a professional football player with Roma , though in his two seasons with the club he only made six appearances ; he also had a one-month loan spell with Siracusa . As a player , Ranieri spent most of his career playing as a defender for Catanzaro ( 1974–1982 ) , Catania ( 1982–1984 ) , and Palermo ( 1984–1986 ) . He was involved in four successful promotion campaigns ( two with Catanzaro and one each with Catania and Palermo ) . Managerial career . Early years in Italy . His managerial career start in Vigor Lamezia where he led them to a 12 match unbeaten run and take them to the top of the table . He later resigned for refusing to use the players that were brought by an agent close to the president . After initially coaching amateur side Vigor Lamezia , Ranieris first managerial position was at Campania Puteolana , a small team in Pozzuoli . He took charge there in 1987 . However , it was at Cagliari that he made his name as a manager . After joining the club in 1988 , he helped the team to gain promotion to Serie A from the third division Serie C1 in successive seasons , also winning the Coppa Italia Serie C in 1989 . At Cagliari , his team were known for their fluid tactical system , which enabled the team to change their shape and switch between different formations throughout the course of a single match . From 1991 , Ranieri managed for two seasons at Napoli , who were facing financial difficulties at the time . Despite finishing in fourth place in Serie A , and qualifying for the UEFA Cup , he won no silverware during his spell with the club . During his second season in charge of Napoli , he was dismissed by the clubs owner at the time , Corrado Ferlaino , following the teams elimination in the second round of the UEFA Cup , despite the clubs notable 5–1 away victory over Valencia in the first round of the tournament . He did , however , introduce Gianfranco Zola to the first team to replace the suspended star Diego Maradona , who had recently left the club , as well as Daniel Fonseca , whom he played alongside veteran striker Careca in the teams front line . Ranieri joined Fiorentina in 1993 , gaining promotion to Serie A after winning the 1993–94 Serie B title in his first season in charge of the Florence-based side . He subsequently had success in Serie A , winning the Coppa Italia and Supercoppa Italiana in 1996 , and along with the offensive talents of Gabriel Batistuta , Rui Costa and Francesco Baiano , he helped the club to go on a 15-match unbeaten run during the 1995–96 Serie A season , which saw the team hold second place for several months behind league leaders Milan ; Fiorentina lost five of their last nine league games , however , and eventually finished the season in fourth place . The next season was less successful , as Fiorentina finished in a disappointing ninth place in the league , although the team managed to reach the semi-finals of the 1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners Cup , losing out to eventual champions Barcelona . First spell in Spain . In 1997 , Ranieri moved to Spain to take over at Valencia . He was the coach from 1997 to 1999 and guided Valencia to a fourth-place finish in La Liga , achieving UEFA Champions League qualification in 1999 ; he also won the UEFA Intertoto Cup in 1998 , and the Copa del Rey in 1999 . After his first spell , Ranieri left the club in 1999 a popular man , and has been credited for putting Valencia on the track to subsequent success in the Champions League and La Liga , despite initially sitting in the lower half of the table upon his arrival . Under Ranieri , Valencia were known for their efficiency and defensive solidity in his tactically rigorous 4–4–2 formation , as well as their use of high pressing to win back possession , and their ability to score from counter-attacks . He was responsible for the development of several youth players at the club , among them Claudio López , Gaizka Mendieta , Miguel Ángel Angulo , and Javier Farinós . Ranieri also signed some players who would become highly successful at Mestalla , among them goalkeeper Santiago Cañizares . Ranieri subsequently signed for Atlético Madrid in 1999 ; during his time as the clubs coach , the team went into administration and struggled on the pitch . Nearing the brink of relegation , Ranieri resigned before he could be dismissed by the Atlético president Jesús Gil , who was well known for dismissing coaches . Ranieri had a talented squad at his disposal containing such players as Jose Molina , Joan Capdevila , Ruben Baraja , Santiago Solari , Kiko , Juan Carlos Valeron and Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink . Atlético would indeed go on to be relegated at the end of the season . Chelsea . As head coach of Chelsea from 18 September 2000 to 30 May 2004 , Ranieri worked hard to overcome the language barrier . When he arrived at the London club , he could speak only limited English ; however , the club had a few players who could speak Italian and Spanish and could help translate for him on the training pitch . Ranieris first season featured inconsistent results , with Chelsea reaching sixth place and a UEFA Cup spot . Ranieri had been instructed to reduce the average age of the squad , and worked to rebuild Chelsea in the summer of 2001 , creating a brand new midfield by signing Frank Lampard from West Ham United , Emmanuel Petit and Boudewijn Zenden from Barcelona , and Jesper Grønkjær from Ajax . He also signed defender William Gallas from Marseille , spending in total over £30 million . Ranieri , however , was criticised both for selling fan favourite Dennis Wise and the fact Chelseas league performance did not improve much on the previous season . The club finished sixth once again but did reach the FA Cup Final , losing 2–0 to Arsenal . During the 2002–03 season and throughout his Chelsea days , Ranieri was accused of over-rotating his squad , picking up the nickname of The Tinkerman from the British media . Chelsea finished the season on a high , qualifying for the Champions League after beating Liverpool 2–1 on the last day of the season . Ranieris achievement , coming after a close season where the club was in a difficult financial situation and the only arrival was Enrique de Lucas from Espanyol on a free transfer , was greatly appreciated by fans and the media alike . In addition , Ranieri succeeded in getting the best out of players Samuele Dalla Bona and Mario Stanić and nurtured emerging talents in John Terry , Robert Huth and Carlton Cole . When Chelsea were taken over by Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich in 2003 , Ranieri was given a large transfer fund but also found his job under threat . Days after the takeover , Abramovich was spotted meeting with England national team manager Sven-Göran Eriksson . Although the club denied Eriksson would be taking over at the time , these rumours would haunt Ranieris season . Ranieri spent £120 million on players in the summer of 2003 . These signings included Irish winger Damien Duff for a then club record £17 million ; English youngsters Wayne Bridge , Joe Cole and Glen Johnson ; Argentine pair Juan Sebastián Verón and Hernán Crespo ; Frenchman Claude Makélélé ; and Romanian star Adrian Mutu . This investment resulted in the best league placing for the club in 49 years , as they finished runners-up in the Premier League to Arsenal , who had become the first side in over 100 years to go an entire league season unbeaten . This position automatically qualified Chelsea for the Champions League . The club also reached the semi-finals of the Champions League ; Chelsea eliminated Arsenal en route , although Ranieris position was weakened by the semi-final loss to Monaco , a reverse the manager himself was blamed for due to several bizarre substitutions and tactical changes . That season saw Chelsea break club records for the fewest goals conceded and highest number of points in a season . Former English footballer and pundit David Platt used the example of Ranieri to illustrate his observation that building a team that can win the title and actually steering this team to the title are two different matters entirely . On 31 May 2004 , after almost one year of speculation , which included the clubs well-publicized courting of Eriksson , he was finally relieved of his coaching duties at Chelsea , and his job went to José Mourinho , who had led Porto to successive European triumphs . In Ranieris four seasons , Chelsea improved their points total season on season . The core of the Chelsea team which won two Premier League titles under Mourinho , including John Terry , William Gallas , Wayne Bridge , Claude Makélélé and Frank Lampard were all brought to Chelsea or nurtured by Ranieri . During his final months at Chelsea , Ranieri also identified Didier Drogba , Petr Čech and Arjen Robben as players Chelsea should sign , all of whom went on to become key players at the club . Ranieri published in September 2004 a book named Proud Man Walking chronicling his last year at Chelsea . All proceeds went to Londons Great Ormond Street Hospital . Valencia return . On 8 June 2004 , Ranieri returned for a second stint as coach of Valencia on a three-year contract . Ranieri took over after Rafael Benítez , who had led Valencia to the UEFA Cup and La Liga double the previous season , resigned and then promptly joined Liverpool . Ranieri made a series of signings from Serie A , including Marco Di Vaio , Stefano Fiore , Bernardo Corradi and Emiliano Moretti . After a bright start , in which the Mestalla outfit picked up 14 out of a possible 18 points and beat Porto to lift the UEFA Super Cup , Valencia went into a slump starting in October . They won only once in seven matches and were eliminated from the Champions League , partly thanks to a 5–1 defeat to Inter Milan in which midfielder Miguel Ángel Angulo was sent off for spitting . After a brief revival , Valencia went another six matches without a win beginning mid-January . Apart from the unpopularity of his four Italian signings , Ranieri was criticised for not playing Argentine playmaker Pablo Aimar and for persistent changes to formations and tactics , something resembling his Chelsea days . He was dismissed on 25 February 2005 after Valencia were eliminated from the UEFA Cup by Steaua București . Valencia were sixth in La Liga at the time of Ranieris dismissal . Quique Sánchez Flores was announced by Valencia in June 2005 to be Ranieris long-term successor . Prior to that , Ranieri received £3 million in compensation from Valencia for the early termination of his contract . Parma . On 12 February 2007 , one day after the 23rd Serie A matchday , Ranieri was announced as the new Parma manager following the dismissal of Stefano Pioli . He lost his first game in charge against Sampdoria 1–0 , but subsequently managed to make several impressive results to help Parma in the relegation battle , obtaining 17 points in 10 matches ( to be compared to his predecessors 15 points in 23 matches ) , including a 4–3 unexpected away win at Palermo which prompted the rosanero to dismiss their coach Francesco Guidolin . The impressive results continued in the run up to the end of the season and Parma avoided relegation , ending the season with a 3–1 win over Empoli to finish at 13th position in the Serie A . The team started to hit some impressive goal-scoring form as well , seen in the 4–1 thrashing of Messina in early May . After helping Parma escape from relegation , Ranieri was linked with several managing jobs , including Fulham , Manchester City , and Palermo . On 16 May 2007 , William Hill suspended betting on him becoming Manchester City manager following a flurry of betting activity . On 31 May , Parma announced Ranieri would not be the clubs manager for the following season . Juventus . On 4 June 2007 , Ranieri took over at Juventus . He signed a three-year contract with the club . The deal took effect on 1 July 2007 . Ranieri signed names such as Vincenzo Iaquinta from Udinese and Zdeněk Grygera from Ajax . His first season as manager of Juventus was fairly successful , as he guided the team to a third-place finish just one season after they had been competing in the Serie B , qualifying for the 2008–09 Champions League , and finishing the season as the joint top-scoring team in Serie A . In August 2008 , Ranieri engaged in a war of words with new Inter manager José Mourinho , who had replaced him four years earlier at Chelsea . Mourinho criticised Ranieri for his old-fashioned mentality , and for failing to win an important title as a manager in his career ; this led to a temporary feud between the two managers . He highlighted Inter as the strongest threat to Juventus in Serie A . Juventus began the season strongly , defeating Spanish champions Real Madrid in both their first-round legs of the Champions League to top their group , although the Turin-based club eventually fell to Ranieris former team , Chelsea , in the round of 16 . After Juventus struggled with injuries and failed to register a win in seven matches during a two-month period , which left the team in third place after a 2–2 home draw with Atalanta , he was said to have been under real pressure to maintain his job as head coach with many supporters of the club publicly criticising the team and in particular Ranieri . Speculation ended when , after having an emergency board meeting on 18 May 2009 , the board dismissed Ranieri after Inter were confirmed Serie A champions . He was replaced by youth system chief Ciro Ferrara . Ranieri had also led Juventus to the Coppa Italia semi-finals that season , where they were eliminated by Lazio , who went on to win the title . Juventus finished the league season in second place , one position better than the previous season . Roma . On 1 September 2009 , Ranieri was signed as the new manager of Roma on a two-year contract , succeeding Luciano Spalletti , who had resigned that day after opening the 2009–10 Serie A season with two defeats . Thus , Rome-born Ranieri became head coach of the football club which he had supported since childhood . Under his guidance , Roma dramatically improved their performances and thrust themselves into the championship battle , reducing the gap between themselves and leaders Inter to only one point after Ranieris team defeated Mourinhos Nerazzurri on matchday 31 . Roma then went on to win two more games consecutively and overtook Inter by matchday 33 , thanks to a 2–1 home win against Atalanta and Inters 2–2 draw against Fiorentina . This left the Giallorossi on the top of the table with five games remaining . Roma then extended its unbeaten run to 23 matches , and also maintained first place in the league table by winning a heated derby against crosstown rivals Lazio , extending the clubs unbeaten run to 24 matches . Ranieri was hailed by the press for substituting local heroes Francesco Totti and Daniele De Rossi during half-time , while Roma was losing 1–0 ; the Giallorossi then won the match 2–1 after two second-half goals from Mirko Vučinić . Roma , however , would surrender their lead in Serie A and also lose the Coppa Italia final , in both cases to treble-winning Inter . Following Romas 1–0 defeat in the Coppa Italia final , Inter boss Mourinho publicly mocked Ranieri , as he had reportedly showed his team the film Gladiator before the match , in order to motivate his players . The following season , Ranieri suffered yet another defeat to Inter in the 2010 Supercoppa Italiana . The season started off poorly for Roma and saw Ranieri clash with team captain Totti , who was critical of being left out of the team and of his coachs defensive tactics and constant changes to the starting line-up . Although the clubs form later improved , Ranieri resigned as manager on 20 February 2011 , after a poor run of results . His final game in charge was a 4–3 defeat to Genoa , in which Roma surrendered a 3–0 lead . Inter . On 22 September 2011 , Ranieri was named as the new manager of Inter , replacing Gian Piero Gasperini , who was dismissed for poor performances after losing four out of five matches . He signed a contract with the club until 30 June 2013 . The Nerazzurri managed to win 3–1 in Ranieris debut against Bologna on 24 September ; this was the first competitive win for the team in all tournaments since the beginning of the season , and was followed by a 3–2 Champions League away win at CSKA Moscow . A run of seven consecutive Serie A wins in December 2011 and January 2012 , including a 1–0 victory over cross-city rivals Milan , suddenly had them talking of challenging for the title . Thereafter , Inter suffered a poor run of results ( which also saw the departure of Thiago Motta to Paris Saint-Germain ) and their Champions League hopes were hanging by a thread after being beaten by Marseille 1–0 in the round of 16 first leg match . Speculation was growing that Ranieri would be dismissed soon , reaching its peak during half-time of the Serie A match with Catania , but it died down after a 2–0 away win over Chievo . On 26 March 2012 , however , following a 0–2 defeat against Juventus and after a run of just two wins in their last 13 games and eventual elimination by Marseille in the Champions League , Ranieri was dismissed . Monaco . On 30 May 2012 , Ranieri signed a two-year contract with Ligue 2 club Monaco . Ranieri led Monaco to promotion to Ligue 1 , with the club winning the Ligue 2 championship title for the first time in its history . The following season , Ranieri led Monaco to second place in the 2013–14 Ligue 1 – behind champions Paris Saint-Germain – after finishing the season with 80 points . On 20 May 2014 , his contract as Monaco manager was not renewed . Greece national team . Ranieri was appointed manager of the Greece national team following the departure of Fernando Santos after the 2014 FIFA World Cup ; Ranieri signed a two-year contract worth €1.6 million . Compared to their previous stability under Otto Rehhagel and Santos , Ranieri often changed line-ups and formations , confusing the players ; moreover , he did not live in Greece . He was dismissed on 15 November 2014 , the day after a UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying 1-0 defeat at home against the Faroe Islands . He received €800,000 in compensation for his termination . He reflected in a 2015 interview with the Leicester Mercury : Leicester City . First season . On 13 July 2015 , Leicester City announced Ranieri as the clubs new manager on a three-year contract . His appointment was initially met with scepticism ; Marcus Christenson of The Guardian called it baffling given Ranieris frequent recent dismissals and Greeces loss to the Faroe Islands . Christenson highlighted that Ranieris good humour would be the antithesis to the short-tempered outbursts of his predecessor Nigel Pearson , concluding , If Leicester wanted someone nice , theyve got him . If they wanted someone to keep them in the Premier League , then they may have gone for the wrong guy . Ranieris managerial debut with the club came in a 4–2 win over Sunderland on the opening match of the season on 8 August . After the match , Ranieri told the media that he inspired the team to win by giving them motivation from local rock band Kasabian . Following Leicesters first clean sheet of the 2015–16 Premier League season , which came in the clubs tenth fixture , in a 1–0 home win against Crystal Palace on 24 October , Ranieri attracted further media attention when he rewarded his players by taking the team out for pizza and having champagne . The strong start of the season saw the club at the top of the Premier League at Christmas , having scored in each of their first 17 games . During this run , striker Jamie Vardy broke the Premier League record by scoring in 11 consecutive league matches , a run Ranieri compared to Gabriel Batistutas during the 1994–95 season , while Ranieri was his manager at Fiorentina . In March 2016 , Ranieris quips once again attracted attention from the media when he stated in an interview that he used an imaginary bell in training in order to keep his players focused , by saying dilly ding , dilly dong ; the quote later gained popularity and became a club catchphrase . Leicesters change of form led the BBC to compare the world media attention brought to Leicester by Ranieri with that achieved by the discovery of the remains of Richard III of England . Leicester entered April at the summit of the Premier League and on 10 April 2016 , they clinched a spot in the 2016–17 Champions League after a 2–0 away win over Sunderland . Despite pressure from the chasing teams , Leicester maintained their lead at the top of the table throughout April and entered May knowing they only needed three points to lift the Premier League trophy . Leicester played a hotly contested 1–1 draw against Manchester United at Old Trafford on 1 May , earning them a crucial point . This meant Tottenham Hotspur had to win their next game against Chelsea to stay in the title race . After Ranieris appointment had been questioned in the media , barely avoiding relegation the previous season , and starting the 2015–16 Premier League campaign as 5,000–1 outsiders to win the title , Leicester City clinched the Premier League title the following day after second-place club Tottenham could only manage a 2–2 draw against Chelsea , despite leading 2–0 at half-time . This was the first time the club had won the title in their 132-year history . The teams success was described as a fairytale and the most unlikely triumph in the history of team sport . In spite of Ranieris previous Tinkerman nickname , Leicester consistently played the same line-up under his stewardship , using fewer players than any other team . With Leicester , Ranieri reverted to his preferred 4–4–2 formation , which made use of heavy pressing , defensive organisation and fast counter-attacks . Throughout the season , Ranieri drew praise from the media for his good humour and inspirational leadership at Leicester , and for successfully building a winning mentality and a successful team environment , while also being singled out for his tactical awareness , and for frequently taking the pressure off his players . His title success led some in the media to dub him King Claudio . On the last day of the season , Leicester played at Chelsea , who gave them the ceremonial guard of honour . Carlo Cudicini , an Italian goalkeeper who played for Chelsea under Ranieri , presented him with a special award on behalf of the club , as Leicester finished the season with a 1–1 away draw . On 16 May , Ranieri was named Manager of the Year for 2016 by the League Managers Association , and on 18 May , he was named the 2016 Barclays Premier League Manager of the Season . He was also awarded Grand Officer of the Italian Order of Merit and the Enzo Bearzot Award as best Italian manager of the year . Second season . On 7 August 2016 , Leicester began the 2016–17 season with a 2–1 defeat to Manchester United in the 2016 FA Community Shield . The start to Ranieris second Premier League season with Leicester was less successful : by late November , the team had lost 6 of their opening 12 Premier League matches , conceded 20 goals while only scoring 14 , and were in 14th place in the table , only two points above the relegation zone . Furthermore , Leicester had only won three matches in total , and had only managed to obtain one point away from home . Pundits opined that the team was unable to foster the same mentality that won them the title the previous season , and that NGolo Kantés departure to Chelsea , Vardys goal drought , Leicesters opponents different tactical approaches and the additional commitment of playing in the Champions League were the reasons for the clubs sudden drop in form . Despite their struggles in the league , however , the start to the clubs first ever Champions League campaign was more successful : Leicester won their first three matches , while also keeping four consecutive clean sheets ; following a 2–1 win over Club Brugge on 22 November , Leicester managed to top their group with 13 points and qualify for the knock-out round unbeaten with one match to spare , ahead of Porto and Copenhagen . In December , Ranieri was named as one of the three finalists for the 2016 Best FIFA Mens Coach ; he won the award on 9 January 2017 . On 23 February 2017 , Ranieri was dismissed by Leicester , with the club one point above the relegation zone with 13 matches remaining in the 2016–17 Premier League season . After a first leg 2–1 away loss to Sevilla in the Champions League round of 16 , it was reported by the media that senior players had been summoned to meet the Leicester City chairman Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha and the outcome of the meeting had sealed Ranieris fate . However , caretaker manager Craig Shakespeare and players denied that a player revolt had led to Ranieris dismissal . The action was described as a panic decision and wrong by Gary Lineker , who said he had shed a tear when he heard the news . Graeme Souness commented that while Ranieri had probably treated the players the same way as last year , the players had allowed themselves to get into the armchair ; while Ranieri had paid the price for a poor season , the players were to blame . Leicesters first match without Ranieri was a return-to-form 3–1 win over Liverpool ; the supporters showed loyalty to the players , but at the 65th minute torches and banners supporting Ranieri were held aloft , the largest one having a picture of Ranieri with the message Grazie Claudio ( Thank you , Claudio ) . Soccer Aid . In April 2016 , it was announced that Ranieri would manage the Rest of the World team at Soccer Aid , a charity football match in aid of UNICEF and held at Old Trafford , Manchester , on 5 June . The Rest of the World team lost 3–2 to an England team comprising former professional players and celebrities . Nantes . On 15 June 2017 , Nantes announced Ranieri as the clubs new manager . Ahead of Nantes final game of the season , it was announced that Ranieri would leave the club following its conclusion . Fulham . On 14 November 2018 , Ranieri was appointed as the manager of Fulham , replacing Slaviša Jokanović . On 24 November , his first match as the clubs new manager , he led Fulham to a dramatic 3–2 home win against Southampton , which put an end to Fulhams winless run in the league since 22 September . Ranieri was dismissed as the manager of Fulham and replaced by then assistant manager Scott Parker on 28 February 2019 , having won only 3 of his 17 matches in charge . Coincidentally , Jokanović had been Ranieris first signing for Chelsea and Parker had been his last . Return to Roma . On 8 March 2019 , Ranieri came back to Roma after eight years . He signed a contract which kept him at Roma until the end of the 2018–19 season , but with a possibility to extend the contract at the end of the season . In his first game back at Roma on 11 March , he led his team to a 2–1 home win over Empoli . In his final match for the club , on 26 May , he helped Roma to a 2–1 home win over Parma , but Roma ultimately missed out on a Champions League spot . Sampdoria . On 12 October 2019 , Ranieri signed a contract with Sampdoria , which would see him remain as the clubs manager until 2021 ; at the time of his appointment , the team were sitting in last place in Serie A . He guided them to fifteenth place at the end of the season . Following a ninth-place finish in the following season , Ranieri announced he would not be renewing his contract and would be leaving the club . Style of management . Ranieris teams usually employ a tactically rigorous 4–4–2 formation , and are known for their fitness and work-rate , as well as their efficient and highly organised playing style , and for being compact both defensively and in midfield ; his teams have drawn praise in the media for their defensive solidity , effective use of heavy pressing to win back possession , and their ability to score from quick counter-attacks . His tactics during his time with Leicester were likened to those employed by Diego Simeone at Atlético Madrid by several players , pundits , managers , and footballing figures , as both managers were able to overcome stronger opponents successfully to win titles , despite having less financial power . In addition to his tactical acumen , Ranieri has also drawn praise as a manager for his leadership , good humour , and his ability to both motivate and alleviate pressure on his players , thus fostering a winning mentality and a good team spirit ; he has frequently used several unorthodox methods throughout his career in order to inspire his squads , with mixed success , while his quips have made him a popular figure with the media . Throughout his career , Ranieri has also drawn criticism for over-rotating his squad and modifying his tactics and formations excessively throughout the course of a season , which earned him the nickname The Tinkerman in the British media . In the past , he has also been accused of using old-fashioned and overly defensive tactical systems by pundits and other managers , and was criticised for his failure to win a major league title , until he captured the Premier League title with Leicester in 2016 . Honours . Manager . Cagliari - Serie C1 : 1988–89 - Coppa Italia Serie C : 1988–89 - Serie B promotion : 1989–90 Fiorentina - Serie B : 1993–94 - Coppa Italia : 1995–96 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1996 Valencia - Copa del Rey : 1998–99 - UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1998 - UEFA Super Cup : 2004 Monaco - Ligue 2 : 2012–13 Leicester City - Premier League : 2015–16 Individual - Premier League Manager of the Season : 2015–16 - LMA Manager of the Year : 2016 - Premier League Manager of the Month : September 2003 , March 2004 , November 2015 , March 2016 , April 2016 - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2016 - Italian Football Hall of Fame : 2016 - Gazzetta Sports Awards Coach of the Year : 2016 - BBC Sports Personality of the Year Coach Award : 2016 - European Coach of the Season : 2015–16 - IFFHS Worlds Best Club Coach ( Third place ) : 2016 - Golden Foot : 2016 , as football legend - The Best FIFA Mens Coach : 2016 - World Soccer Magazine World Manager of the Year : 2016 - Fiorentina Hall of Fame : 2018 Orders . - 2nd Class / Grand Officer : Grande Ufficiale Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana : 2016 - 1st Class : Palma dOro al Merito Tecnico : 2016 |
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] | easy | Claudio Ranieri was the coach of which team from May 2012 to May 2014? | /wiki/Claudio_Ranieri#P6087#5 | Claudio Ranieri Claudio Ranieri ( ; born 20 October 1951 ) is an Italian football manager and former player . Ranieri began his managerial career in the lower leagues in Italy during the late 1980s , and made his name at Cagliari , whom he took from Serie C1 up to Serie A in successive seasons . He later went on to manage Napoli , where he led the team to qualify for the UEFA Cup , only to be dismissed the following season . In 1993 , he joined Fiorentina , and immediately led them to Serie A promotion , also winning the Coppa Italia and the Supercoppa Italiana in 1996 , before moving to Spain in 1997 , to manage Valencia and then Atlético Madrid . With Valencia , he won a Copa del Rey and an UEFA Intertoto Cup , and helped the club to qualify for the UEFA Champions League . In 2000 , Ranieri moved to England to become head coach at Chelsea . His four seasons there saw Chelsea improve their points total season on season , with them finishing runners-up in 2004 and reaching the UEFA Champions League semi-final the same season . He was dismissed by Chelsea owner Roman Abramovich that May , but a number of players he signed and brought through during his time at Stamford Bridge formed the core of the side that went on to achieve domestic and international success in subsequent seasons . After an unsuccessful second spell back in Spain with Valencia , he returned to management in Italy in 2007 , where he encountered mixed success with spells at Parma , Juventus , Roma and Inter Milan . In 2012 , he was hired to manage Ligue 1 team Monaco , who had just finished in the middle of Ligue 2 , and earned promotion as champions in his first season , then finished as Ligue 1 runners-up in his second season . This was followed by a foray into international management with the Greece national team , but he was dismissed less than four months later after a 1–0 home defeat against the Faroe Islands in the UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying . Ranieri returned to England once more in the summer of 2015 as manager of Leicester City . He went on to win the 2015–16 Premier League , after the club had narrowly avoided relegation the season prior , and was named the 2016 Premier League Manager of the Season , and LMA Manager of the Year . He was also awarded the Grand Officer of the Italian Order of Merit and the Enzo Bearzot Award as best Italian manager of the year , as well as the 2016 Best FIFA Mens Coach Award . He was dismissed by the club in February 2017 after a run of poor results . In June 2017 , he joined Nantes as manager and spent a single season at the club . He was appointed Fulham manager in November 2018 before being dismissed in February 2019 . Less than a month later , he returned as the head coach of Roma for the remainder of the 2018–19 season . Later that year , he was appointed as the coach of Sampdoria . Personal life . Ranieri was born in San Saba , a neighbourhood of Rome near the Circus Maximus , and is a lifelong supporter of A.S . Roma . He began playing football at his neighbourhood church . A childhood friend described him as having a stereotypically English demeanour , in being quiet and reserved . He and his family live in Formello , a nearby town where 1982 FIFA World Cup-winning goalkeeper Dino Zoff is also among the residents . Ranieri is married to Dr . Rosanna . Ranieri has a daughter , Claudia , who married Italian actor Alessandro Roja and gave Claudio a grandson , named Orlando . In May 2016 , during his time as manager of Leicester City , he attracted media attention when he stated that he would be travelling to Rome to have lunch with his 96-year-old mother instead of watching the Chelsea–Tottenham Hotspur match ; the match ended in a 2–2 draw , a result which ultimately awarded Ranieri his first ever Premier League title . Playing career . Ranieri first signed as a professional football player with Roma , though in his two seasons with the club he only made six appearances ; he also had a one-month loan spell with Siracusa . As a player , Ranieri spent most of his career playing as a defender for Catanzaro ( 1974–1982 ) , Catania ( 1982–1984 ) , and Palermo ( 1984–1986 ) . He was involved in four successful promotion campaigns ( two with Catanzaro and one each with Catania and Palermo ) . Managerial career . Early years in Italy . His managerial career start in Vigor Lamezia where he led them to a 12 match unbeaten run and take them to the top of the table . He later resigned for refusing to use the players that were brought by an agent close to the president . After initially coaching amateur side Vigor Lamezia , Ranieris first managerial position was at Campania Puteolana , a small team in Pozzuoli . He took charge there in 1987 . However , it was at Cagliari that he made his name as a manager . After joining the club in 1988 , he helped the team to gain promotion to Serie A from the third division Serie C1 in successive seasons , also winning the Coppa Italia Serie C in 1989 . At Cagliari , his team were known for their fluid tactical system , which enabled the team to change their shape and switch between different formations throughout the course of a single match . From 1991 , Ranieri managed for two seasons at Napoli , who were facing financial difficulties at the time . Despite finishing in fourth place in Serie A , and qualifying for the UEFA Cup , he won no silverware during his spell with the club . During his second season in charge of Napoli , he was dismissed by the clubs owner at the time , Corrado Ferlaino , following the teams elimination in the second round of the UEFA Cup , despite the clubs notable 5–1 away victory over Valencia in the first round of the tournament . He did , however , introduce Gianfranco Zola to the first team to replace the suspended star Diego Maradona , who had recently left the club , as well as Daniel Fonseca , whom he played alongside veteran striker Careca in the teams front line . Ranieri joined Fiorentina in 1993 , gaining promotion to Serie A after winning the 1993–94 Serie B title in his first season in charge of the Florence-based side . He subsequently had success in Serie A , winning the Coppa Italia and Supercoppa Italiana in 1996 , and along with the offensive talents of Gabriel Batistuta , Rui Costa and Francesco Baiano , he helped the club to go on a 15-match unbeaten run during the 1995–96 Serie A season , which saw the team hold second place for several months behind league leaders Milan ; Fiorentina lost five of their last nine league games , however , and eventually finished the season in fourth place . The next season was less successful , as Fiorentina finished in a disappointing ninth place in the league , although the team managed to reach the semi-finals of the 1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners Cup , losing out to eventual champions Barcelona . First spell in Spain . In 1997 , Ranieri moved to Spain to take over at Valencia . He was the coach from 1997 to 1999 and guided Valencia to a fourth-place finish in La Liga , achieving UEFA Champions League qualification in 1999 ; he also won the UEFA Intertoto Cup in 1998 , and the Copa del Rey in 1999 . After his first spell , Ranieri left the club in 1999 a popular man , and has been credited for putting Valencia on the track to subsequent success in the Champions League and La Liga , despite initially sitting in the lower half of the table upon his arrival . Under Ranieri , Valencia were known for their efficiency and defensive solidity in his tactically rigorous 4–4–2 formation , as well as their use of high pressing to win back possession , and their ability to score from counter-attacks . He was responsible for the development of several youth players at the club , among them Claudio López , Gaizka Mendieta , Miguel Ángel Angulo , and Javier Farinós . Ranieri also signed some players who would become highly successful at Mestalla , among them goalkeeper Santiago Cañizares . Ranieri subsequently signed for Atlético Madrid in 1999 ; during his time as the clubs coach , the team went into administration and struggled on the pitch . Nearing the brink of relegation , Ranieri resigned before he could be dismissed by the Atlético president Jesús Gil , who was well known for dismissing coaches . Ranieri had a talented squad at his disposal containing such players as Jose Molina , Joan Capdevila , Ruben Baraja , Santiago Solari , Kiko , Juan Carlos Valeron and Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink . Atlético would indeed go on to be relegated at the end of the season . Chelsea . As head coach of Chelsea from 18 September 2000 to 30 May 2004 , Ranieri worked hard to overcome the language barrier . When he arrived at the London club , he could speak only limited English ; however , the club had a few players who could speak Italian and Spanish and could help translate for him on the training pitch . Ranieris first season featured inconsistent results , with Chelsea reaching sixth place and a UEFA Cup spot . Ranieri had been instructed to reduce the average age of the squad , and worked to rebuild Chelsea in the summer of 2001 , creating a brand new midfield by signing Frank Lampard from West Ham United , Emmanuel Petit and Boudewijn Zenden from Barcelona , and Jesper Grønkjær from Ajax . He also signed defender William Gallas from Marseille , spending in total over £30 million . Ranieri , however , was criticised both for selling fan favourite Dennis Wise and the fact Chelseas league performance did not improve much on the previous season . The club finished sixth once again but did reach the FA Cup Final , losing 2–0 to Arsenal . During the 2002–03 season and throughout his Chelsea days , Ranieri was accused of over-rotating his squad , picking up the nickname of The Tinkerman from the British media . Chelsea finished the season on a high , qualifying for the Champions League after beating Liverpool 2–1 on the last day of the season . Ranieris achievement , coming after a close season where the club was in a difficult financial situation and the only arrival was Enrique de Lucas from Espanyol on a free transfer , was greatly appreciated by fans and the media alike . In addition , Ranieri succeeded in getting the best out of players Samuele Dalla Bona and Mario Stanić and nurtured emerging talents in John Terry , Robert Huth and Carlton Cole . When Chelsea were taken over by Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich in 2003 , Ranieri was given a large transfer fund but also found his job under threat . Days after the takeover , Abramovich was spotted meeting with England national team manager Sven-Göran Eriksson . Although the club denied Eriksson would be taking over at the time , these rumours would haunt Ranieris season . Ranieri spent £120 million on players in the summer of 2003 . These signings included Irish winger Damien Duff for a then club record £17 million ; English youngsters Wayne Bridge , Joe Cole and Glen Johnson ; Argentine pair Juan Sebastián Verón and Hernán Crespo ; Frenchman Claude Makélélé ; and Romanian star Adrian Mutu . This investment resulted in the best league placing for the club in 49 years , as they finished runners-up in the Premier League to Arsenal , who had become the first side in over 100 years to go an entire league season unbeaten . This position automatically qualified Chelsea for the Champions League . The club also reached the semi-finals of the Champions League ; Chelsea eliminated Arsenal en route , although Ranieris position was weakened by the semi-final loss to Monaco , a reverse the manager himself was blamed for due to several bizarre substitutions and tactical changes . That season saw Chelsea break club records for the fewest goals conceded and highest number of points in a season . Former English footballer and pundit David Platt used the example of Ranieri to illustrate his observation that building a team that can win the title and actually steering this team to the title are two different matters entirely . On 31 May 2004 , after almost one year of speculation , which included the clubs well-publicized courting of Eriksson , he was finally relieved of his coaching duties at Chelsea , and his job went to José Mourinho , who had led Porto to successive European triumphs . In Ranieris four seasons , Chelsea improved their points total season on season . The core of the Chelsea team which won two Premier League titles under Mourinho , including John Terry , William Gallas , Wayne Bridge , Claude Makélélé and Frank Lampard were all brought to Chelsea or nurtured by Ranieri . During his final months at Chelsea , Ranieri also identified Didier Drogba , Petr Čech and Arjen Robben as players Chelsea should sign , all of whom went on to become key players at the club . Ranieri published in September 2004 a book named Proud Man Walking chronicling his last year at Chelsea . All proceeds went to Londons Great Ormond Street Hospital . Valencia return . On 8 June 2004 , Ranieri returned for a second stint as coach of Valencia on a three-year contract . Ranieri took over after Rafael Benítez , who had led Valencia to the UEFA Cup and La Liga double the previous season , resigned and then promptly joined Liverpool . Ranieri made a series of signings from Serie A , including Marco Di Vaio , Stefano Fiore , Bernardo Corradi and Emiliano Moretti . After a bright start , in which the Mestalla outfit picked up 14 out of a possible 18 points and beat Porto to lift the UEFA Super Cup , Valencia went into a slump starting in October . They won only once in seven matches and were eliminated from the Champions League , partly thanks to a 5–1 defeat to Inter Milan in which midfielder Miguel Ángel Angulo was sent off for spitting . After a brief revival , Valencia went another six matches without a win beginning mid-January . Apart from the unpopularity of his four Italian signings , Ranieri was criticised for not playing Argentine playmaker Pablo Aimar and for persistent changes to formations and tactics , something resembling his Chelsea days . He was dismissed on 25 February 2005 after Valencia were eliminated from the UEFA Cup by Steaua București . Valencia were sixth in La Liga at the time of Ranieris dismissal . Quique Sánchez Flores was announced by Valencia in June 2005 to be Ranieris long-term successor . Prior to that , Ranieri received £3 million in compensation from Valencia for the early termination of his contract . Parma . On 12 February 2007 , one day after the 23rd Serie A matchday , Ranieri was announced as the new Parma manager following the dismissal of Stefano Pioli . He lost his first game in charge against Sampdoria 1–0 , but subsequently managed to make several impressive results to help Parma in the relegation battle , obtaining 17 points in 10 matches ( to be compared to his predecessors 15 points in 23 matches ) , including a 4–3 unexpected away win at Palermo which prompted the rosanero to dismiss their coach Francesco Guidolin . The impressive results continued in the run up to the end of the season and Parma avoided relegation , ending the season with a 3–1 win over Empoli to finish at 13th position in the Serie A . The team started to hit some impressive goal-scoring form as well , seen in the 4–1 thrashing of Messina in early May . After helping Parma escape from relegation , Ranieri was linked with several managing jobs , including Fulham , Manchester City , and Palermo . On 16 May 2007 , William Hill suspended betting on him becoming Manchester City manager following a flurry of betting activity . On 31 May , Parma announced Ranieri would not be the clubs manager for the following season . Juventus . On 4 June 2007 , Ranieri took over at Juventus . He signed a three-year contract with the club . The deal took effect on 1 July 2007 . Ranieri signed names such as Vincenzo Iaquinta from Udinese and Zdeněk Grygera from Ajax . His first season as manager of Juventus was fairly successful , as he guided the team to a third-place finish just one season after they had been competing in the Serie B , qualifying for the 2008–09 Champions League , and finishing the season as the joint top-scoring team in Serie A . In August 2008 , Ranieri engaged in a war of words with new Inter manager José Mourinho , who had replaced him four years earlier at Chelsea . Mourinho criticised Ranieri for his old-fashioned mentality , and for failing to win an important title as a manager in his career ; this led to a temporary feud between the two managers . He highlighted Inter as the strongest threat to Juventus in Serie A . Juventus began the season strongly , defeating Spanish champions Real Madrid in both their first-round legs of the Champions League to top their group , although the Turin-based club eventually fell to Ranieris former team , Chelsea , in the round of 16 . After Juventus struggled with injuries and failed to register a win in seven matches during a two-month period , which left the team in third place after a 2–2 home draw with Atalanta , he was said to have been under real pressure to maintain his job as head coach with many supporters of the club publicly criticising the team and in particular Ranieri . Speculation ended when , after having an emergency board meeting on 18 May 2009 , the board dismissed Ranieri after Inter were confirmed Serie A champions . He was replaced by youth system chief Ciro Ferrara . Ranieri had also led Juventus to the Coppa Italia semi-finals that season , where they were eliminated by Lazio , who went on to win the title . Juventus finished the league season in second place , one position better than the previous season . Roma . On 1 September 2009 , Ranieri was signed as the new manager of Roma on a two-year contract , succeeding Luciano Spalletti , who had resigned that day after opening the 2009–10 Serie A season with two defeats . Thus , Rome-born Ranieri became head coach of the football club which he had supported since childhood . Under his guidance , Roma dramatically improved their performances and thrust themselves into the championship battle , reducing the gap between themselves and leaders Inter to only one point after Ranieris team defeated Mourinhos Nerazzurri on matchday 31 . Roma then went on to win two more games consecutively and overtook Inter by matchday 33 , thanks to a 2–1 home win against Atalanta and Inters 2–2 draw against Fiorentina . This left the Giallorossi on the top of the table with five games remaining . Roma then extended its unbeaten run to 23 matches , and also maintained first place in the league table by winning a heated derby against crosstown rivals Lazio , extending the clubs unbeaten run to 24 matches . Ranieri was hailed by the press for substituting local heroes Francesco Totti and Daniele De Rossi during half-time , while Roma was losing 1–0 ; the Giallorossi then won the match 2–1 after two second-half goals from Mirko Vučinić . Roma , however , would surrender their lead in Serie A and also lose the Coppa Italia final , in both cases to treble-winning Inter . Following Romas 1–0 defeat in the Coppa Italia final , Inter boss Mourinho publicly mocked Ranieri , as he had reportedly showed his team the film Gladiator before the match , in order to motivate his players . The following season , Ranieri suffered yet another defeat to Inter in the 2010 Supercoppa Italiana . The season started off poorly for Roma and saw Ranieri clash with team captain Totti , who was critical of being left out of the team and of his coachs defensive tactics and constant changes to the starting line-up . Although the clubs form later improved , Ranieri resigned as manager on 20 February 2011 , after a poor run of results . His final game in charge was a 4–3 defeat to Genoa , in which Roma surrendered a 3–0 lead . Inter . On 22 September 2011 , Ranieri was named as the new manager of Inter , replacing Gian Piero Gasperini , who was dismissed for poor performances after losing four out of five matches . He signed a contract with the club until 30 June 2013 . The Nerazzurri managed to win 3–1 in Ranieris debut against Bologna on 24 September ; this was the first competitive win for the team in all tournaments since the beginning of the season , and was followed by a 3–2 Champions League away win at CSKA Moscow . A run of seven consecutive Serie A wins in December 2011 and January 2012 , including a 1–0 victory over cross-city rivals Milan , suddenly had them talking of challenging for the title . Thereafter , Inter suffered a poor run of results ( which also saw the departure of Thiago Motta to Paris Saint-Germain ) and their Champions League hopes were hanging by a thread after being beaten by Marseille 1–0 in the round of 16 first leg match . Speculation was growing that Ranieri would be dismissed soon , reaching its peak during half-time of the Serie A match with Catania , but it died down after a 2–0 away win over Chievo . On 26 March 2012 , however , following a 0–2 defeat against Juventus and after a run of just two wins in their last 13 games and eventual elimination by Marseille in the Champions League , Ranieri was dismissed . Monaco . On 30 May 2012 , Ranieri signed a two-year contract with Ligue 2 club Monaco . Ranieri led Monaco to promotion to Ligue 1 , with the club winning the Ligue 2 championship title for the first time in its history . The following season , Ranieri led Monaco to second place in the 2013–14 Ligue 1 – behind champions Paris Saint-Germain – after finishing the season with 80 points . On 20 May 2014 , his contract as Monaco manager was not renewed . Greece national team . Ranieri was appointed manager of the Greece national team following the departure of Fernando Santos after the 2014 FIFA World Cup ; Ranieri signed a two-year contract worth €1.6 million . Compared to their previous stability under Otto Rehhagel and Santos , Ranieri often changed line-ups and formations , confusing the players ; moreover , he did not live in Greece . He was dismissed on 15 November 2014 , the day after a UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying 1-0 defeat at home against the Faroe Islands . He received €800,000 in compensation for his termination . He reflected in a 2015 interview with the Leicester Mercury : Leicester City . First season . On 13 July 2015 , Leicester City announced Ranieri as the clubs new manager on a three-year contract . His appointment was initially met with scepticism ; Marcus Christenson of The Guardian called it baffling given Ranieris frequent recent dismissals and Greeces loss to the Faroe Islands . Christenson highlighted that Ranieris good humour would be the antithesis to the short-tempered outbursts of his predecessor Nigel Pearson , concluding , If Leicester wanted someone nice , theyve got him . If they wanted someone to keep them in the Premier League , then they may have gone for the wrong guy . Ranieris managerial debut with the club came in a 4–2 win over Sunderland on the opening match of the season on 8 August . After the match , Ranieri told the media that he inspired the team to win by giving them motivation from local rock band Kasabian . Following Leicesters first clean sheet of the 2015–16 Premier League season , which came in the clubs tenth fixture , in a 1–0 home win against Crystal Palace on 24 October , Ranieri attracted further media attention when he rewarded his players by taking the team out for pizza and having champagne . The strong start of the season saw the club at the top of the Premier League at Christmas , having scored in each of their first 17 games . During this run , striker Jamie Vardy broke the Premier League record by scoring in 11 consecutive league matches , a run Ranieri compared to Gabriel Batistutas during the 1994–95 season , while Ranieri was his manager at Fiorentina . In March 2016 , Ranieris quips once again attracted attention from the media when he stated in an interview that he used an imaginary bell in training in order to keep his players focused , by saying dilly ding , dilly dong ; the quote later gained popularity and became a club catchphrase . Leicesters change of form led the BBC to compare the world media attention brought to Leicester by Ranieri with that achieved by the discovery of the remains of Richard III of England . Leicester entered April at the summit of the Premier League and on 10 April 2016 , they clinched a spot in the 2016–17 Champions League after a 2–0 away win over Sunderland . Despite pressure from the chasing teams , Leicester maintained their lead at the top of the table throughout April and entered May knowing they only needed three points to lift the Premier League trophy . Leicester played a hotly contested 1–1 draw against Manchester United at Old Trafford on 1 May , earning them a crucial point . This meant Tottenham Hotspur had to win their next game against Chelsea to stay in the title race . After Ranieris appointment had been questioned in the media , barely avoiding relegation the previous season , and starting the 2015–16 Premier League campaign as 5,000–1 outsiders to win the title , Leicester City clinched the Premier League title the following day after second-place club Tottenham could only manage a 2–2 draw against Chelsea , despite leading 2–0 at half-time . This was the first time the club had won the title in their 132-year history . The teams success was described as a fairytale and the most unlikely triumph in the history of team sport . In spite of Ranieris previous Tinkerman nickname , Leicester consistently played the same line-up under his stewardship , using fewer players than any other team . With Leicester , Ranieri reverted to his preferred 4–4–2 formation , which made use of heavy pressing , defensive organisation and fast counter-attacks . Throughout the season , Ranieri drew praise from the media for his good humour and inspirational leadership at Leicester , and for successfully building a winning mentality and a successful team environment , while also being singled out for his tactical awareness , and for frequently taking the pressure off his players . His title success led some in the media to dub him King Claudio . On the last day of the season , Leicester played at Chelsea , who gave them the ceremonial guard of honour . Carlo Cudicini , an Italian goalkeeper who played for Chelsea under Ranieri , presented him with a special award on behalf of the club , as Leicester finished the season with a 1–1 away draw . On 16 May , Ranieri was named Manager of the Year for 2016 by the League Managers Association , and on 18 May , he was named the 2016 Barclays Premier League Manager of the Season . He was also awarded Grand Officer of the Italian Order of Merit and the Enzo Bearzot Award as best Italian manager of the year . Second season . On 7 August 2016 , Leicester began the 2016–17 season with a 2–1 defeat to Manchester United in the 2016 FA Community Shield . The start to Ranieris second Premier League season with Leicester was less successful : by late November , the team had lost 6 of their opening 12 Premier League matches , conceded 20 goals while only scoring 14 , and were in 14th place in the table , only two points above the relegation zone . Furthermore , Leicester had only won three matches in total , and had only managed to obtain one point away from home . Pundits opined that the team was unable to foster the same mentality that won them the title the previous season , and that NGolo Kantés departure to Chelsea , Vardys goal drought , Leicesters opponents different tactical approaches and the additional commitment of playing in the Champions League were the reasons for the clubs sudden drop in form . Despite their struggles in the league , however , the start to the clubs first ever Champions League campaign was more successful : Leicester won their first three matches , while also keeping four consecutive clean sheets ; following a 2–1 win over Club Brugge on 22 November , Leicester managed to top their group with 13 points and qualify for the knock-out round unbeaten with one match to spare , ahead of Porto and Copenhagen . In December , Ranieri was named as one of the three finalists for the 2016 Best FIFA Mens Coach ; he won the award on 9 January 2017 . On 23 February 2017 , Ranieri was dismissed by Leicester , with the club one point above the relegation zone with 13 matches remaining in the 2016–17 Premier League season . After a first leg 2–1 away loss to Sevilla in the Champions League round of 16 , it was reported by the media that senior players had been summoned to meet the Leicester City chairman Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha and the outcome of the meeting had sealed Ranieris fate . However , caretaker manager Craig Shakespeare and players denied that a player revolt had led to Ranieris dismissal . The action was described as a panic decision and wrong by Gary Lineker , who said he had shed a tear when he heard the news . Graeme Souness commented that while Ranieri had probably treated the players the same way as last year , the players had allowed themselves to get into the armchair ; while Ranieri had paid the price for a poor season , the players were to blame . Leicesters first match without Ranieri was a return-to-form 3–1 win over Liverpool ; the supporters showed loyalty to the players , but at the 65th minute torches and banners supporting Ranieri were held aloft , the largest one having a picture of Ranieri with the message Grazie Claudio ( Thank you , Claudio ) . Soccer Aid . In April 2016 , it was announced that Ranieri would manage the Rest of the World team at Soccer Aid , a charity football match in aid of UNICEF and held at Old Trafford , Manchester , on 5 June . The Rest of the World team lost 3–2 to an England team comprising former professional players and celebrities . Nantes . On 15 June 2017 , Nantes announced Ranieri as the clubs new manager . Ahead of Nantes final game of the season , it was announced that Ranieri would leave the club following its conclusion . Fulham . On 14 November 2018 , Ranieri was appointed as the manager of Fulham , replacing Slaviša Jokanović . On 24 November , his first match as the clubs new manager , he led Fulham to a dramatic 3–2 home win against Southampton , which put an end to Fulhams winless run in the league since 22 September . Ranieri was dismissed as the manager of Fulham and replaced by then assistant manager Scott Parker on 28 February 2019 , having won only 3 of his 17 matches in charge . Coincidentally , Jokanović had been Ranieris first signing for Chelsea and Parker had been his last . Return to Roma . On 8 March 2019 , Ranieri came back to Roma after eight years . He signed a contract which kept him at Roma until the end of the 2018–19 season , but with a possibility to extend the contract at the end of the season . In his first game back at Roma on 11 March , he led his team to a 2–1 home win over Empoli . In his final match for the club , on 26 May , he helped Roma to a 2–1 home win over Parma , but Roma ultimately missed out on a Champions League spot . Sampdoria . On 12 October 2019 , Ranieri signed a contract with Sampdoria , which would see him remain as the clubs manager until 2021 ; at the time of his appointment , the team were sitting in last place in Serie A . He guided them to fifteenth place at the end of the season . Following a ninth-place finish in the following season , Ranieri announced he would not be renewing his contract and would be leaving the club . Style of management . Ranieris teams usually employ a tactically rigorous 4–4–2 formation , and are known for their fitness and work-rate , as well as their efficient and highly organised playing style , and for being compact both defensively and in midfield ; his teams have drawn praise in the media for their defensive solidity , effective use of heavy pressing to win back possession , and their ability to score from quick counter-attacks . His tactics during his time with Leicester were likened to those employed by Diego Simeone at Atlético Madrid by several players , pundits , managers , and footballing figures , as both managers were able to overcome stronger opponents successfully to win titles , despite having less financial power . In addition to his tactical acumen , Ranieri has also drawn praise as a manager for his leadership , good humour , and his ability to both motivate and alleviate pressure on his players , thus fostering a winning mentality and a good team spirit ; he has frequently used several unorthodox methods throughout his career in order to inspire his squads , with mixed success , while his quips have made him a popular figure with the media . Throughout his career , Ranieri has also drawn criticism for over-rotating his squad and modifying his tactics and formations excessively throughout the course of a season , which earned him the nickname The Tinkerman in the British media . In the past , he has also been accused of using old-fashioned and overly defensive tactical systems by pundits and other managers , and was criticised for his failure to win a major league title , until he captured the Premier League title with Leicester in 2016 . Honours . Manager . Cagliari - Serie C1 : 1988–89 - Coppa Italia Serie C : 1988–89 - Serie B promotion : 1989–90 Fiorentina - Serie B : 1993–94 - Coppa Italia : 1995–96 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1996 Valencia - Copa del Rey : 1998–99 - UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1998 - UEFA Super Cup : 2004 Monaco - Ligue 2 : 2012–13 Leicester City - Premier League : 2015–16 Individual - Premier League Manager of the Season : 2015–16 - LMA Manager of the Year : 2016 - Premier League Manager of the Month : September 2003 , March 2004 , November 2015 , March 2016 , April 2016 - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2016 - Italian Football Hall of Fame : 2016 - Gazzetta Sports Awards Coach of the Year : 2016 - BBC Sports Personality of the Year Coach Award : 2016 - European Coach of the Season : 2015–16 - IFFHS Worlds Best Club Coach ( Third place ) : 2016 - Golden Foot : 2016 , as football legend - The Best FIFA Mens Coach : 2016 - World Soccer Magazine World Manager of the Year : 2016 - Fiorentina Hall of Fame : 2018 Orders . - 2nd Class / Grand Officer : Grande Ufficiale Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana : 2016 - 1st Class : Palma dOro al Merito Tecnico : 2016 |
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"Greece national team"
] | easy | Claudio Ranieri was the coach of which team from Jul 2014 to Nov 2014? | /wiki/Claudio_Ranieri#P6087#6 | Claudio Ranieri Claudio Ranieri ( ; born 20 October 1951 ) is an Italian football manager and former player . Ranieri began his managerial career in the lower leagues in Italy during the late 1980s , and made his name at Cagliari , whom he took from Serie C1 up to Serie A in successive seasons . He later went on to manage Napoli , where he led the team to qualify for the UEFA Cup , only to be dismissed the following season . In 1993 , he joined Fiorentina , and immediately led them to Serie A promotion , also winning the Coppa Italia and the Supercoppa Italiana in 1996 , before moving to Spain in 1997 , to manage Valencia and then Atlético Madrid . With Valencia , he won a Copa del Rey and an UEFA Intertoto Cup , and helped the club to qualify for the UEFA Champions League . In 2000 , Ranieri moved to England to become head coach at Chelsea . His four seasons there saw Chelsea improve their points total season on season , with them finishing runners-up in 2004 and reaching the UEFA Champions League semi-final the same season . He was dismissed by Chelsea owner Roman Abramovich that May , but a number of players he signed and brought through during his time at Stamford Bridge formed the core of the side that went on to achieve domestic and international success in subsequent seasons . After an unsuccessful second spell back in Spain with Valencia , he returned to management in Italy in 2007 , where he encountered mixed success with spells at Parma , Juventus , Roma and Inter Milan . In 2012 , he was hired to manage Ligue 1 team Monaco , who had just finished in the middle of Ligue 2 , and earned promotion as champions in his first season , then finished as Ligue 1 runners-up in his second season . This was followed by a foray into international management with the Greece national team , but he was dismissed less than four months later after a 1–0 home defeat against the Faroe Islands in the UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying . Ranieri returned to England once more in the summer of 2015 as manager of Leicester City . He went on to win the 2015–16 Premier League , after the club had narrowly avoided relegation the season prior , and was named the 2016 Premier League Manager of the Season , and LMA Manager of the Year . He was also awarded the Grand Officer of the Italian Order of Merit and the Enzo Bearzot Award as best Italian manager of the year , as well as the 2016 Best FIFA Mens Coach Award . He was dismissed by the club in February 2017 after a run of poor results . In June 2017 , he joined Nantes as manager and spent a single season at the club . He was appointed Fulham manager in November 2018 before being dismissed in February 2019 . Less than a month later , he returned as the head coach of Roma for the remainder of the 2018–19 season . Later that year , he was appointed as the coach of Sampdoria . Personal life . Ranieri was born in San Saba , a neighbourhood of Rome near the Circus Maximus , and is a lifelong supporter of A.S . Roma . He began playing football at his neighbourhood church . A childhood friend described him as having a stereotypically English demeanour , in being quiet and reserved . He and his family live in Formello , a nearby town where 1982 FIFA World Cup-winning goalkeeper Dino Zoff is also among the residents . Ranieri is married to Dr . Rosanna . Ranieri has a daughter , Claudia , who married Italian actor Alessandro Roja and gave Claudio a grandson , named Orlando . In May 2016 , during his time as manager of Leicester City , he attracted media attention when he stated that he would be travelling to Rome to have lunch with his 96-year-old mother instead of watching the Chelsea–Tottenham Hotspur match ; the match ended in a 2–2 draw , a result which ultimately awarded Ranieri his first ever Premier League title . Playing career . Ranieri first signed as a professional football player with Roma , though in his two seasons with the club he only made six appearances ; he also had a one-month loan spell with Siracusa . As a player , Ranieri spent most of his career playing as a defender for Catanzaro ( 1974–1982 ) , Catania ( 1982–1984 ) , and Palermo ( 1984–1986 ) . He was involved in four successful promotion campaigns ( two with Catanzaro and one each with Catania and Palermo ) . Managerial career . Early years in Italy . His managerial career start in Vigor Lamezia where he led them to a 12 match unbeaten run and take them to the top of the table . He later resigned for refusing to use the players that were brought by an agent close to the president . After initially coaching amateur side Vigor Lamezia , Ranieris first managerial position was at Campania Puteolana , a small team in Pozzuoli . He took charge there in 1987 . However , it was at Cagliari that he made his name as a manager . After joining the club in 1988 , he helped the team to gain promotion to Serie A from the third division Serie C1 in successive seasons , also winning the Coppa Italia Serie C in 1989 . At Cagliari , his team were known for their fluid tactical system , which enabled the team to change their shape and switch between different formations throughout the course of a single match . From 1991 , Ranieri managed for two seasons at Napoli , who were facing financial difficulties at the time . Despite finishing in fourth place in Serie A , and qualifying for the UEFA Cup , he won no silverware during his spell with the club . During his second season in charge of Napoli , he was dismissed by the clubs owner at the time , Corrado Ferlaino , following the teams elimination in the second round of the UEFA Cup , despite the clubs notable 5–1 away victory over Valencia in the first round of the tournament . He did , however , introduce Gianfranco Zola to the first team to replace the suspended star Diego Maradona , who had recently left the club , as well as Daniel Fonseca , whom he played alongside veteran striker Careca in the teams front line . Ranieri joined Fiorentina in 1993 , gaining promotion to Serie A after winning the 1993–94 Serie B title in his first season in charge of the Florence-based side . He subsequently had success in Serie A , winning the Coppa Italia and Supercoppa Italiana in 1996 , and along with the offensive talents of Gabriel Batistuta , Rui Costa and Francesco Baiano , he helped the club to go on a 15-match unbeaten run during the 1995–96 Serie A season , which saw the team hold second place for several months behind league leaders Milan ; Fiorentina lost five of their last nine league games , however , and eventually finished the season in fourth place . The next season was less successful , as Fiorentina finished in a disappointing ninth place in the league , although the team managed to reach the semi-finals of the 1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners Cup , losing out to eventual champions Barcelona . First spell in Spain . In 1997 , Ranieri moved to Spain to take over at Valencia . He was the coach from 1997 to 1999 and guided Valencia to a fourth-place finish in La Liga , achieving UEFA Champions League qualification in 1999 ; he also won the UEFA Intertoto Cup in 1998 , and the Copa del Rey in 1999 . After his first spell , Ranieri left the club in 1999 a popular man , and has been credited for putting Valencia on the track to subsequent success in the Champions League and La Liga , despite initially sitting in the lower half of the table upon his arrival . Under Ranieri , Valencia were known for their efficiency and defensive solidity in his tactically rigorous 4–4–2 formation , as well as their use of high pressing to win back possession , and their ability to score from counter-attacks . He was responsible for the development of several youth players at the club , among them Claudio López , Gaizka Mendieta , Miguel Ángel Angulo , and Javier Farinós . Ranieri also signed some players who would become highly successful at Mestalla , among them goalkeeper Santiago Cañizares . Ranieri subsequently signed for Atlético Madrid in 1999 ; during his time as the clubs coach , the team went into administration and struggled on the pitch . Nearing the brink of relegation , Ranieri resigned before he could be dismissed by the Atlético president Jesús Gil , who was well known for dismissing coaches . Ranieri had a talented squad at his disposal containing such players as Jose Molina , Joan Capdevila , Ruben Baraja , Santiago Solari , Kiko , Juan Carlos Valeron and Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink . Atlético would indeed go on to be relegated at the end of the season . Chelsea . As head coach of Chelsea from 18 September 2000 to 30 May 2004 , Ranieri worked hard to overcome the language barrier . When he arrived at the London club , he could speak only limited English ; however , the club had a few players who could speak Italian and Spanish and could help translate for him on the training pitch . Ranieris first season featured inconsistent results , with Chelsea reaching sixth place and a UEFA Cup spot . Ranieri had been instructed to reduce the average age of the squad , and worked to rebuild Chelsea in the summer of 2001 , creating a brand new midfield by signing Frank Lampard from West Ham United , Emmanuel Petit and Boudewijn Zenden from Barcelona , and Jesper Grønkjær from Ajax . He also signed defender William Gallas from Marseille , spending in total over £30 million . Ranieri , however , was criticised both for selling fan favourite Dennis Wise and the fact Chelseas league performance did not improve much on the previous season . The club finished sixth once again but did reach the FA Cup Final , losing 2–0 to Arsenal . During the 2002–03 season and throughout his Chelsea days , Ranieri was accused of over-rotating his squad , picking up the nickname of The Tinkerman from the British media . Chelsea finished the season on a high , qualifying for the Champions League after beating Liverpool 2–1 on the last day of the season . Ranieris achievement , coming after a close season where the club was in a difficult financial situation and the only arrival was Enrique de Lucas from Espanyol on a free transfer , was greatly appreciated by fans and the media alike . In addition , Ranieri succeeded in getting the best out of players Samuele Dalla Bona and Mario Stanić and nurtured emerging talents in John Terry , Robert Huth and Carlton Cole . When Chelsea were taken over by Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich in 2003 , Ranieri was given a large transfer fund but also found his job under threat . Days after the takeover , Abramovich was spotted meeting with England national team manager Sven-Göran Eriksson . Although the club denied Eriksson would be taking over at the time , these rumours would haunt Ranieris season . Ranieri spent £120 million on players in the summer of 2003 . These signings included Irish winger Damien Duff for a then club record £17 million ; English youngsters Wayne Bridge , Joe Cole and Glen Johnson ; Argentine pair Juan Sebastián Verón and Hernán Crespo ; Frenchman Claude Makélélé ; and Romanian star Adrian Mutu . This investment resulted in the best league placing for the club in 49 years , as they finished runners-up in the Premier League to Arsenal , who had become the first side in over 100 years to go an entire league season unbeaten . This position automatically qualified Chelsea for the Champions League . The club also reached the semi-finals of the Champions League ; Chelsea eliminated Arsenal en route , although Ranieris position was weakened by the semi-final loss to Monaco , a reverse the manager himself was blamed for due to several bizarre substitutions and tactical changes . That season saw Chelsea break club records for the fewest goals conceded and highest number of points in a season . Former English footballer and pundit David Platt used the example of Ranieri to illustrate his observation that building a team that can win the title and actually steering this team to the title are two different matters entirely . On 31 May 2004 , after almost one year of speculation , which included the clubs well-publicized courting of Eriksson , he was finally relieved of his coaching duties at Chelsea , and his job went to José Mourinho , who had led Porto to successive European triumphs . In Ranieris four seasons , Chelsea improved their points total season on season . The core of the Chelsea team which won two Premier League titles under Mourinho , including John Terry , William Gallas , Wayne Bridge , Claude Makélélé and Frank Lampard were all brought to Chelsea or nurtured by Ranieri . During his final months at Chelsea , Ranieri also identified Didier Drogba , Petr Čech and Arjen Robben as players Chelsea should sign , all of whom went on to become key players at the club . Ranieri published in September 2004 a book named Proud Man Walking chronicling his last year at Chelsea . All proceeds went to Londons Great Ormond Street Hospital . Valencia return . On 8 June 2004 , Ranieri returned for a second stint as coach of Valencia on a three-year contract . Ranieri took over after Rafael Benítez , who had led Valencia to the UEFA Cup and La Liga double the previous season , resigned and then promptly joined Liverpool . Ranieri made a series of signings from Serie A , including Marco Di Vaio , Stefano Fiore , Bernardo Corradi and Emiliano Moretti . After a bright start , in which the Mestalla outfit picked up 14 out of a possible 18 points and beat Porto to lift the UEFA Super Cup , Valencia went into a slump starting in October . They won only once in seven matches and were eliminated from the Champions League , partly thanks to a 5–1 defeat to Inter Milan in which midfielder Miguel Ángel Angulo was sent off for spitting . After a brief revival , Valencia went another six matches without a win beginning mid-January . Apart from the unpopularity of his four Italian signings , Ranieri was criticised for not playing Argentine playmaker Pablo Aimar and for persistent changes to formations and tactics , something resembling his Chelsea days . He was dismissed on 25 February 2005 after Valencia were eliminated from the UEFA Cup by Steaua București . Valencia were sixth in La Liga at the time of Ranieris dismissal . Quique Sánchez Flores was announced by Valencia in June 2005 to be Ranieris long-term successor . Prior to that , Ranieri received £3 million in compensation from Valencia for the early termination of his contract . Parma . On 12 February 2007 , one day after the 23rd Serie A matchday , Ranieri was announced as the new Parma manager following the dismissal of Stefano Pioli . He lost his first game in charge against Sampdoria 1–0 , but subsequently managed to make several impressive results to help Parma in the relegation battle , obtaining 17 points in 10 matches ( to be compared to his predecessors 15 points in 23 matches ) , including a 4–3 unexpected away win at Palermo which prompted the rosanero to dismiss their coach Francesco Guidolin . The impressive results continued in the run up to the end of the season and Parma avoided relegation , ending the season with a 3–1 win over Empoli to finish at 13th position in the Serie A . The team started to hit some impressive goal-scoring form as well , seen in the 4–1 thrashing of Messina in early May . After helping Parma escape from relegation , Ranieri was linked with several managing jobs , including Fulham , Manchester City , and Palermo . On 16 May 2007 , William Hill suspended betting on him becoming Manchester City manager following a flurry of betting activity . On 31 May , Parma announced Ranieri would not be the clubs manager for the following season . Juventus . On 4 June 2007 , Ranieri took over at Juventus . He signed a three-year contract with the club . The deal took effect on 1 July 2007 . Ranieri signed names such as Vincenzo Iaquinta from Udinese and Zdeněk Grygera from Ajax . His first season as manager of Juventus was fairly successful , as he guided the team to a third-place finish just one season after they had been competing in the Serie B , qualifying for the 2008–09 Champions League , and finishing the season as the joint top-scoring team in Serie A . In August 2008 , Ranieri engaged in a war of words with new Inter manager José Mourinho , who had replaced him four years earlier at Chelsea . Mourinho criticised Ranieri for his old-fashioned mentality , and for failing to win an important title as a manager in his career ; this led to a temporary feud between the two managers . He highlighted Inter as the strongest threat to Juventus in Serie A . Juventus began the season strongly , defeating Spanish champions Real Madrid in both their first-round legs of the Champions League to top their group , although the Turin-based club eventually fell to Ranieris former team , Chelsea , in the round of 16 . After Juventus struggled with injuries and failed to register a win in seven matches during a two-month period , which left the team in third place after a 2–2 home draw with Atalanta , he was said to have been under real pressure to maintain his job as head coach with many supporters of the club publicly criticising the team and in particular Ranieri . Speculation ended when , after having an emergency board meeting on 18 May 2009 , the board dismissed Ranieri after Inter were confirmed Serie A champions . He was replaced by youth system chief Ciro Ferrara . Ranieri had also led Juventus to the Coppa Italia semi-finals that season , where they were eliminated by Lazio , who went on to win the title . Juventus finished the league season in second place , one position better than the previous season . Roma . On 1 September 2009 , Ranieri was signed as the new manager of Roma on a two-year contract , succeeding Luciano Spalletti , who had resigned that day after opening the 2009–10 Serie A season with two defeats . Thus , Rome-born Ranieri became head coach of the football club which he had supported since childhood . Under his guidance , Roma dramatically improved their performances and thrust themselves into the championship battle , reducing the gap between themselves and leaders Inter to only one point after Ranieris team defeated Mourinhos Nerazzurri on matchday 31 . Roma then went on to win two more games consecutively and overtook Inter by matchday 33 , thanks to a 2–1 home win against Atalanta and Inters 2–2 draw against Fiorentina . This left the Giallorossi on the top of the table with five games remaining . Roma then extended its unbeaten run to 23 matches , and also maintained first place in the league table by winning a heated derby against crosstown rivals Lazio , extending the clubs unbeaten run to 24 matches . Ranieri was hailed by the press for substituting local heroes Francesco Totti and Daniele De Rossi during half-time , while Roma was losing 1–0 ; the Giallorossi then won the match 2–1 after two second-half goals from Mirko Vučinić . Roma , however , would surrender their lead in Serie A and also lose the Coppa Italia final , in both cases to treble-winning Inter . Following Romas 1–0 defeat in the Coppa Italia final , Inter boss Mourinho publicly mocked Ranieri , as he had reportedly showed his team the film Gladiator before the match , in order to motivate his players . The following season , Ranieri suffered yet another defeat to Inter in the 2010 Supercoppa Italiana . The season started off poorly for Roma and saw Ranieri clash with team captain Totti , who was critical of being left out of the team and of his coachs defensive tactics and constant changes to the starting line-up . Although the clubs form later improved , Ranieri resigned as manager on 20 February 2011 , after a poor run of results . His final game in charge was a 4–3 defeat to Genoa , in which Roma surrendered a 3–0 lead . Inter . On 22 September 2011 , Ranieri was named as the new manager of Inter , replacing Gian Piero Gasperini , who was dismissed for poor performances after losing four out of five matches . He signed a contract with the club until 30 June 2013 . The Nerazzurri managed to win 3–1 in Ranieris debut against Bologna on 24 September ; this was the first competitive win for the team in all tournaments since the beginning of the season , and was followed by a 3–2 Champions League away win at CSKA Moscow . A run of seven consecutive Serie A wins in December 2011 and January 2012 , including a 1–0 victory over cross-city rivals Milan , suddenly had them talking of challenging for the title . Thereafter , Inter suffered a poor run of results ( which also saw the departure of Thiago Motta to Paris Saint-Germain ) and their Champions League hopes were hanging by a thread after being beaten by Marseille 1–0 in the round of 16 first leg match . Speculation was growing that Ranieri would be dismissed soon , reaching its peak during half-time of the Serie A match with Catania , but it died down after a 2–0 away win over Chievo . On 26 March 2012 , however , following a 0–2 defeat against Juventus and after a run of just two wins in their last 13 games and eventual elimination by Marseille in the Champions League , Ranieri was dismissed . Monaco . On 30 May 2012 , Ranieri signed a two-year contract with Ligue 2 club Monaco . Ranieri led Monaco to promotion to Ligue 1 , with the club winning the Ligue 2 championship title for the first time in its history . The following season , Ranieri led Monaco to second place in the 2013–14 Ligue 1 – behind champions Paris Saint-Germain – after finishing the season with 80 points . On 20 May 2014 , his contract as Monaco manager was not renewed . Greece national team . Ranieri was appointed manager of the Greece national team following the departure of Fernando Santos after the 2014 FIFA World Cup ; Ranieri signed a two-year contract worth €1.6 million . Compared to their previous stability under Otto Rehhagel and Santos , Ranieri often changed line-ups and formations , confusing the players ; moreover , he did not live in Greece . He was dismissed on 15 November 2014 , the day after a UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying 1-0 defeat at home against the Faroe Islands . He received €800,000 in compensation for his termination . He reflected in a 2015 interview with the Leicester Mercury : Leicester City . First season . On 13 July 2015 , Leicester City announced Ranieri as the clubs new manager on a three-year contract . His appointment was initially met with scepticism ; Marcus Christenson of The Guardian called it baffling given Ranieris frequent recent dismissals and Greeces loss to the Faroe Islands . Christenson highlighted that Ranieris good humour would be the antithesis to the short-tempered outbursts of his predecessor Nigel Pearson , concluding , If Leicester wanted someone nice , theyve got him . If they wanted someone to keep them in the Premier League , then they may have gone for the wrong guy . Ranieris managerial debut with the club came in a 4–2 win over Sunderland on the opening match of the season on 8 August . After the match , Ranieri told the media that he inspired the team to win by giving them motivation from local rock band Kasabian . Following Leicesters first clean sheet of the 2015–16 Premier League season , which came in the clubs tenth fixture , in a 1–0 home win against Crystal Palace on 24 October , Ranieri attracted further media attention when he rewarded his players by taking the team out for pizza and having champagne . The strong start of the season saw the club at the top of the Premier League at Christmas , having scored in each of their first 17 games . During this run , striker Jamie Vardy broke the Premier League record by scoring in 11 consecutive league matches , a run Ranieri compared to Gabriel Batistutas during the 1994–95 season , while Ranieri was his manager at Fiorentina . In March 2016 , Ranieris quips once again attracted attention from the media when he stated in an interview that he used an imaginary bell in training in order to keep his players focused , by saying dilly ding , dilly dong ; the quote later gained popularity and became a club catchphrase . Leicesters change of form led the BBC to compare the world media attention brought to Leicester by Ranieri with that achieved by the discovery of the remains of Richard III of England . Leicester entered April at the summit of the Premier League and on 10 April 2016 , they clinched a spot in the 2016–17 Champions League after a 2–0 away win over Sunderland . Despite pressure from the chasing teams , Leicester maintained their lead at the top of the table throughout April and entered May knowing they only needed three points to lift the Premier League trophy . Leicester played a hotly contested 1–1 draw against Manchester United at Old Trafford on 1 May , earning them a crucial point . This meant Tottenham Hotspur had to win their next game against Chelsea to stay in the title race . After Ranieris appointment had been questioned in the media , barely avoiding relegation the previous season , and starting the 2015–16 Premier League campaign as 5,000–1 outsiders to win the title , Leicester City clinched the Premier League title the following day after second-place club Tottenham could only manage a 2–2 draw against Chelsea , despite leading 2–0 at half-time . This was the first time the club had won the title in their 132-year history . The teams success was described as a fairytale and the most unlikely triumph in the history of team sport . In spite of Ranieris previous Tinkerman nickname , Leicester consistently played the same line-up under his stewardship , using fewer players than any other team . With Leicester , Ranieri reverted to his preferred 4–4–2 formation , which made use of heavy pressing , defensive organisation and fast counter-attacks . Throughout the season , Ranieri drew praise from the media for his good humour and inspirational leadership at Leicester , and for successfully building a winning mentality and a successful team environment , while also being singled out for his tactical awareness , and for frequently taking the pressure off his players . His title success led some in the media to dub him King Claudio . On the last day of the season , Leicester played at Chelsea , who gave them the ceremonial guard of honour . Carlo Cudicini , an Italian goalkeeper who played for Chelsea under Ranieri , presented him with a special award on behalf of the club , as Leicester finished the season with a 1–1 away draw . On 16 May , Ranieri was named Manager of the Year for 2016 by the League Managers Association , and on 18 May , he was named the 2016 Barclays Premier League Manager of the Season . He was also awarded Grand Officer of the Italian Order of Merit and the Enzo Bearzot Award as best Italian manager of the year . Second season . On 7 August 2016 , Leicester began the 2016–17 season with a 2–1 defeat to Manchester United in the 2016 FA Community Shield . The start to Ranieris second Premier League season with Leicester was less successful : by late November , the team had lost 6 of their opening 12 Premier League matches , conceded 20 goals while only scoring 14 , and were in 14th place in the table , only two points above the relegation zone . Furthermore , Leicester had only won three matches in total , and had only managed to obtain one point away from home . Pundits opined that the team was unable to foster the same mentality that won them the title the previous season , and that NGolo Kantés departure to Chelsea , Vardys goal drought , Leicesters opponents different tactical approaches and the additional commitment of playing in the Champions League were the reasons for the clubs sudden drop in form . Despite their struggles in the league , however , the start to the clubs first ever Champions League campaign was more successful : Leicester won their first three matches , while also keeping four consecutive clean sheets ; following a 2–1 win over Club Brugge on 22 November , Leicester managed to top their group with 13 points and qualify for the knock-out round unbeaten with one match to spare , ahead of Porto and Copenhagen . In December , Ranieri was named as one of the three finalists for the 2016 Best FIFA Mens Coach ; he won the award on 9 January 2017 . On 23 February 2017 , Ranieri was dismissed by Leicester , with the club one point above the relegation zone with 13 matches remaining in the 2016–17 Premier League season . After a first leg 2–1 away loss to Sevilla in the Champions League round of 16 , it was reported by the media that senior players had been summoned to meet the Leicester City chairman Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha and the outcome of the meeting had sealed Ranieris fate . However , caretaker manager Craig Shakespeare and players denied that a player revolt had led to Ranieris dismissal . The action was described as a panic decision and wrong by Gary Lineker , who said he had shed a tear when he heard the news . Graeme Souness commented that while Ranieri had probably treated the players the same way as last year , the players had allowed themselves to get into the armchair ; while Ranieri had paid the price for a poor season , the players were to blame . Leicesters first match without Ranieri was a return-to-form 3–1 win over Liverpool ; the supporters showed loyalty to the players , but at the 65th minute torches and banners supporting Ranieri were held aloft , the largest one having a picture of Ranieri with the message Grazie Claudio ( Thank you , Claudio ) . Soccer Aid . In April 2016 , it was announced that Ranieri would manage the Rest of the World team at Soccer Aid , a charity football match in aid of UNICEF and held at Old Trafford , Manchester , on 5 June . The Rest of the World team lost 3–2 to an England team comprising former professional players and celebrities . Nantes . On 15 June 2017 , Nantes announced Ranieri as the clubs new manager . Ahead of Nantes final game of the season , it was announced that Ranieri would leave the club following its conclusion . Fulham . On 14 November 2018 , Ranieri was appointed as the manager of Fulham , replacing Slaviša Jokanović . On 24 November , his first match as the clubs new manager , he led Fulham to a dramatic 3–2 home win against Southampton , which put an end to Fulhams winless run in the league since 22 September . Ranieri was dismissed as the manager of Fulham and replaced by then assistant manager Scott Parker on 28 February 2019 , having won only 3 of his 17 matches in charge . Coincidentally , Jokanović had been Ranieris first signing for Chelsea and Parker had been his last . Return to Roma . On 8 March 2019 , Ranieri came back to Roma after eight years . He signed a contract which kept him at Roma until the end of the 2018–19 season , but with a possibility to extend the contract at the end of the season . In his first game back at Roma on 11 March , he led his team to a 2–1 home win over Empoli . In his final match for the club , on 26 May , he helped Roma to a 2–1 home win over Parma , but Roma ultimately missed out on a Champions League spot . Sampdoria . On 12 October 2019 , Ranieri signed a contract with Sampdoria , which would see him remain as the clubs manager until 2021 ; at the time of his appointment , the team were sitting in last place in Serie A . He guided them to fifteenth place at the end of the season . Following a ninth-place finish in the following season , Ranieri announced he would not be renewing his contract and would be leaving the club . Style of management . Ranieris teams usually employ a tactically rigorous 4–4–2 formation , and are known for their fitness and work-rate , as well as their efficient and highly organised playing style , and for being compact both defensively and in midfield ; his teams have drawn praise in the media for their defensive solidity , effective use of heavy pressing to win back possession , and their ability to score from quick counter-attacks . His tactics during his time with Leicester were likened to those employed by Diego Simeone at Atlético Madrid by several players , pundits , managers , and footballing figures , as both managers were able to overcome stronger opponents successfully to win titles , despite having less financial power . In addition to his tactical acumen , Ranieri has also drawn praise as a manager for his leadership , good humour , and his ability to both motivate and alleviate pressure on his players , thus fostering a winning mentality and a good team spirit ; he has frequently used several unorthodox methods throughout his career in order to inspire his squads , with mixed success , while his quips have made him a popular figure with the media . Throughout his career , Ranieri has also drawn criticism for over-rotating his squad and modifying his tactics and formations excessively throughout the course of a season , which earned him the nickname The Tinkerman in the British media . In the past , he has also been accused of using old-fashioned and overly defensive tactical systems by pundits and other managers , and was criticised for his failure to win a major league title , until he captured the Premier League title with Leicester in 2016 . Honours . Manager . Cagliari - Serie C1 : 1988–89 - Coppa Italia Serie C : 1988–89 - Serie B promotion : 1989–90 Fiorentina - Serie B : 1993–94 - Coppa Italia : 1995–96 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1996 Valencia - Copa del Rey : 1998–99 - UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1998 - UEFA Super Cup : 2004 Monaco - Ligue 2 : 2012–13 Leicester City - Premier League : 2015–16 Individual - Premier League Manager of the Season : 2015–16 - LMA Manager of the Year : 2016 - Premier League Manager of the Month : September 2003 , March 2004 , November 2015 , March 2016 , April 2016 - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2016 - Italian Football Hall of Fame : 2016 - Gazzetta Sports Awards Coach of the Year : 2016 - BBC Sports Personality of the Year Coach Award : 2016 - European Coach of the Season : 2015–16 - IFFHS Worlds Best Club Coach ( Third place ) : 2016 - Golden Foot : 2016 , as football legend - The Best FIFA Mens Coach : 2016 - World Soccer Magazine World Manager of the Year : 2016 - Fiorentina Hall of Fame : 2018 Orders . - 2nd Class / Grand Officer : Grande Ufficiale Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana : 2016 - 1st Class : Palma dOro al Merito Tecnico : 2016 |
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"Leicester City"
] | easy | Claudio Ranieri was the coach of which team from Jul 2015 to Feb 2017? | /wiki/Claudio_Ranieri#P6087#7 | Claudio Ranieri Claudio Ranieri ( ; born 20 October 1951 ) is an Italian football manager and former player . Ranieri began his managerial career in the lower leagues in Italy during the late 1980s , and made his name at Cagliari , whom he took from Serie C1 up to Serie A in successive seasons . He later went on to manage Napoli , where he led the team to qualify for the UEFA Cup , only to be dismissed the following season . In 1993 , he joined Fiorentina , and immediately led them to Serie A promotion , also winning the Coppa Italia and the Supercoppa Italiana in 1996 , before moving to Spain in 1997 , to manage Valencia and then Atlético Madrid . With Valencia , he won a Copa del Rey and an UEFA Intertoto Cup , and helped the club to qualify for the UEFA Champions League . In 2000 , Ranieri moved to England to become head coach at Chelsea . His four seasons there saw Chelsea improve their points total season on season , with them finishing runners-up in 2004 and reaching the UEFA Champions League semi-final the same season . He was dismissed by Chelsea owner Roman Abramovich that May , but a number of players he signed and brought through during his time at Stamford Bridge formed the core of the side that went on to achieve domestic and international success in subsequent seasons . After an unsuccessful second spell back in Spain with Valencia , he returned to management in Italy in 2007 , where he encountered mixed success with spells at Parma , Juventus , Roma and Inter Milan . In 2012 , he was hired to manage Ligue 1 team Monaco , who had just finished in the middle of Ligue 2 , and earned promotion as champions in his first season , then finished as Ligue 1 runners-up in his second season . This was followed by a foray into international management with the Greece national team , but he was dismissed less than four months later after a 1–0 home defeat against the Faroe Islands in the UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying . Ranieri returned to England once more in the summer of 2015 as manager of Leicester City . He went on to win the 2015–16 Premier League , after the club had narrowly avoided relegation the season prior , and was named the 2016 Premier League Manager of the Season , and LMA Manager of the Year . He was also awarded the Grand Officer of the Italian Order of Merit and the Enzo Bearzot Award as best Italian manager of the year , as well as the 2016 Best FIFA Mens Coach Award . He was dismissed by the club in February 2017 after a run of poor results . In June 2017 , he joined Nantes as manager and spent a single season at the club . He was appointed Fulham manager in November 2018 before being dismissed in February 2019 . Less than a month later , he returned as the head coach of Roma for the remainder of the 2018–19 season . Later that year , he was appointed as the coach of Sampdoria . Personal life . Ranieri was born in San Saba , a neighbourhood of Rome near the Circus Maximus , and is a lifelong supporter of A.S . Roma . He began playing football at his neighbourhood church . A childhood friend described him as having a stereotypically English demeanour , in being quiet and reserved . He and his family live in Formello , a nearby town where 1982 FIFA World Cup-winning goalkeeper Dino Zoff is also among the residents . Ranieri is married to Dr . Rosanna . Ranieri has a daughter , Claudia , who married Italian actor Alessandro Roja and gave Claudio a grandson , named Orlando . In May 2016 , during his time as manager of Leicester City , he attracted media attention when he stated that he would be travelling to Rome to have lunch with his 96-year-old mother instead of watching the Chelsea–Tottenham Hotspur match ; the match ended in a 2–2 draw , a result which ultimately awarded Ranieri his first ever Premier League title . Playing career . Ranieri first signed as a professional football player with Roma , though in his two seasons with the club he only made six appearances ; he also had a one-month loan spell with Siracusa . As a player , Ranieri spent most of his career playing as a defender for Catanzaro ( 1974–1982 ) , Catania ( 1982–1984 ) , and Palermo ( 1984–1986 ) . He was involved in four successful promotion campaigns ( two with Catanzaro and one each with Catania and Palermo ) . Managerial career . Early years in Italy . His managerial career start in Vigor Lamezia where he led them to a 12 match unbeaten run and take them to the top of the table . He later resigned for refusing to use the players that were brought by an agent close to the president . After initially coaching amateur side Vigor Lamezia , Ranieris first managerial position was at Campania Puteolana , a small team in Pozzuoli . He took charge there in 1987 . However , it was at Cagliari that he made his name as a manager . After joining the club in 1988 , he helped the team to gain promotion to Serie A from the third division Serie C1 in successive seasons , also winning the Coppa Italia Serie C in 1989 . At Cagliari , his team were known for their fluid tactical system , which enabled the team to change their shape and switch between different formations throughout the course of a single match . From 1991 , Ranieri managed for two seasons at Napoli , who were facing financial difficulties at the time . Despite finishing in fourth place in Serie A , and qualifying for the UEFA Cup , he won no silverware during his spell with the club . During his second season in charge of Napoli , he was dismissed by the clubs owner at the time , Corrado Ferlaino , following the teams elimination in the second round of the UEFA Cup , despite the clubs notable 5–1 away victory over Valencia in the first round of the tournament . He did , however , introduce Gianfranco Zola to the first team to replace the suspended star Diego Maradona , who had recently left the club , as well as Daniel Fonseca , whom he played alongside veteran striker Careca in the teams front line . Ranieri joined Fiorentina in 1993 , gaining promotion to Serie A after winning the 1993–94 Serie B title in his first season in charge of the Florence-based side . He subsequently had success in Serie A , winning the Coppa Italia and Supercoppa Italiana in 1996 , and along with the offensive talents of Gabriel Batistuta , Rui Costa and Francesco Baiano , he helped the club to go on a 15-match unbeaten run during the 1995–96 Serie A season , which saw the team hold second place for several months behind league leaders Milan ; Fiorentina lost five of their last nine league games , however , and eventually finished the season in fourth place . The next season was less successful , as Fiorentina finished in a disappointing ninth place in the league , although the team managed to reach the semi-finals of the 1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners Cup , losing out to eventual champions Barcelona . First spell in Spain . In 1997 , Ranieri moved to Spain to take over at Valencia . He was the coach from 1997 to 1999 and guided Valencia to a fourth-place finish in La Liga , achieving UEFA Champions League qualification in 1999 ; he also won the UEFA Intertoto Cup in 1998 , and the Copa del Rey in 1999 . After his first spell , Ranieri left the club in 1999 a popular man , and has been credited for putting Valencia on the track to subsequent success in the Champions League and La Liga , despite initially sitting in the lower half of the table upon his arrival . Under Ranieri , Valencia were known for their efficiency and defensive solidity in his tactically rigorous 4–4–2 formation , as well as their use of high pressing to win back possession , and their ability to score from counter-attacks . He was responsible for the development of several youth players at the club , among them Claudio López , Gaizka Mendieta , Miguel Ángel Angulo , and Javier Farinós . Ranieri also signed some players who would become highly successful at Mestalla , among them goalkeeper Santiago Cañizares . Ranieri subsequently signed for Atlético Madrid in 1999 ; during his time as the clubs coach , the team went into administration and struggled on the pitch . Nearing the brink of relegation , Ranieri resigned before he could be dismissed by the Atlético president Jesús Gil , who was well known for dismissing coaches . Ranieri had a talented squad at his disposal containing such players as Jose Molina , Joan Capdevila , Ruben Baraja , Santiago Solari , Kiko , Juan Carlos Valeron and Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink . Atlético would indeed go on to be relegated at the end of the season . Chelsea . As head coach of Chelsea from 18 September 2000 to 30 May 2004 , Ranieri worked hard to overcome the language barrier . When he arrived at the London club , he could speak only limited English ; however , the club had a few players who could speak Italian and Spanish and could help translate for him on the training pitch . Ranieris first season featured inconsistent results , with Chelsea reaching sixth place and a UEFA Cup spot . Ranieri had been instructed to reduce the average age of the squad , and worked to rebuild Chelsea in the summer of 2001 , creating a brand new midfield by signing Frank Lampard from West Ham United , Emmanuel Petit and Boudewijn Zenden from Barcelona , and Jesper Grønkjær from Ajax . He also signed defender William Gallas from Marseille , spending in total over £30 million . Ranieri , however , was criticised both for selling fan favourite Dennis Wise and the fact Chelseas league performance did not improve much on the previous season . The club finished sixth once again but did reach the FA Cup Final , losing 2–0 to Arsenal . During the 2002–03 season and throughout his Chelsea days , Ranieri was accused of over-rotating his squad , picking up the nickname of The Tinkerman from the British media . Chelsea finished the season on a high , qualifying for the Champions League after beating Liverpool 2–1 on the last day of the season . Ranieris achievement , coming after a close season where the club was in a difficult financial situation and the only arrival was Enrique de Lucas from Espanyol on a free transfer , was greatly appreciated by fans and the media alike . In addition , Ranieri succeeded in getting the best out of players Samuele Dalla Bona and Mario Stanić and nurtured emerging talents in John Terry , Robert Huth and Carlton Cole . When Chelsea were taken over by Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich in 2003 , Ranieri was given a large transfer fund but also found his job under threat . Days after the takeover , Abramovich was spotted meeting with England national team manager Sven-Göran Eriksson . Although the club denied Eriksson would be taking over at the time , these rumours would haunt Ranieris season . Ranieri spent £120 million on players in the summer of 2003 . These signings included Irish winger Damien Duff for a then club record £17 million ; English youngsters Wayne Bridge , Joe Cole and Glen Johnson ; Argentine pair Juan Sebastián Verón and Hernán Crespo ; Frenchman Claude Makélélé ; and Romanian star Adrian Mutu . This investment resulted in the best league placing for the club in 49 years , as they finished runners-up in the Premier League to Arsenal , who had become the first side in over 100 years to go an entire league season unbeaten . This position automatically qualified Chelsea for the Champions League . The club also reached the semi-finals of the Champions League ; Chelsea eliminated Arsenal en route , although Ranieris position was weakened by the semi-final loss to Monaco , a reverse the manager himself was blamed for due to several bizarre substitutions and tactical changes . That season saw Chelsea break club records for the fewest goals conceded and highest number of points in a season . Former English footballer and pundit David Platt used the example of Ranieri to illustrate his observation that building a team that can win the title and actually steering this team to the title are two different matters entirely . On 31 May 2004 , after almost one year of speculation , which included the clubs well-publicized courting of Eriksson , he was finally relieved of his coaching duties at Chelsea , and his job went to José Mourinho , who had led Porto to successive European triumphs . In Ranieris four seasons , Chelsea improved their points total season on season . The core of the Chelsea team which won two Premier League titles under Mourinho , including John Terry , William Gallas , Wayne Bridge , Claude Makélélé and Frank Lampard were all brought to Chelsea or nurtured by Ranieri . During his final months at Chelsea , Ranieri also identified Didier Drogba , Petr Čech and Arjen Robben as players Chelsea should sign , all of whom went on to become key players at the club . Ranieri published in September 2004 a book named Proud Man Walking chronicling his last year at Chelsea . All proceeds went to Londons Great Ormond Street Hospital . Valencia return . On 8 June 2004 , Ranieri returned for a second stint as coach of Valencia on a three-year contract . Ranieri took over after Rafael Benítez , who had led Valencia to the UEFA Cup and La Liga double the previous season , resigned and then promptly joined Liverpool . Ranieri made a series of signings from Serie A , including Marco Di Vaio , Stefano Fiore , Bernardo Corradi and Emiliano Moretti . After a bright start , in which the Mestalla outfit picked up 14 out of a possible 18 points and beat Porto to lift the UEFA Super Cup , Valencia went into a slump starting in October . They won only once in seven matches and were eliminated from the Champions League , partly thanks to a 5–1 defeat to Inter Milan in which midfielder Miguel Ángel Angulo was sent off for spitting . After a brief revival , Valencia went another six matches without a win beginning mid-January . Apart from the unpopularity of his four Italian signings , Ranieri was criticised for not playing Argentine playmaker Pablo Aimar and for persistent changes to formations and tactics , something resembling his Chelsea days . He was dismissed on 25 February 2005 after Valencia were eliminated from the UEFA Cup by Steaua București . Valencia were sixth in La Liga at the time of Ranieris dismissal . Quique Sánchez Flores was announced by Valencia in June 2005 to be Ranieris long-term successor . Prior to that , Ranieri received £3 million in compensation from Valencia for the early termination of his contract . Parma . On 12 February 2007 , one day after the 23rd Serie A matchday , Ranieri was announced as the new Parma manager following the dismissal of Stefano Pioli . He lost his first game in charge against Sampdoria 1–0 , but subsequently managed to make several impressive results to help Parma in the relegation battle , obtaining 17 points in 10 matches ( to be compared to his predecessors 15 points in 23 matches ) , including a 4–3 unexpected away win at Palermo which prompted the rosanero to dismiss their coach Francesco Guidolin . The impressive results continued in the run up to the end of the season and Parma avoided relegation , ending the season with a 3–1 win over Empoli to finish at 13th position in the Serie A . The team started to hit some impressive goal-scoring form as well , seen in the 4–1 thrashing of Messina in early May . After helping Parma escape from relegation , Ranieri was linked with several managing jobs , including Fulham , Manchester City , and Palermo . On 16 May 2007 , William Hill suspended betting on him becoming Manchester City manager following a flurry of betting activity . On 31 May , Parma announced Ranieri would not be the clubs manager for the following season . Juventus . On 4 June 2007 , Ranieri took over at Juventus . He signed a three-year contract with the club . The deal took effect on 1 July 2007 . Ranieri signed names such as Vincenzo Iaquinta from Udinese and Zdeněk Grygera from Ajax . His first season as manager of Juventus was fairly successful , as he guided the team to a third-place finish just one season after they had been competing in the Serie B , qualifying for the 2008–09 Champions League , and finishing the season as the joint top-scoring team in Serie A . In August 2008 , Ranieri engaged in a war of words with new Inter manager José Mourinho , who had replaced him four years earlier at Chelsea . Mourinho criticised Ranieri for his old-fashioned mentality , and for failing to win an important title as a manager in his career ; this led to a temporary feud between the two managers . He highlighted Inter as the strongest threat to Juventus in Serie A . Juventus began the season strongly , defeating Spanish champions Real Madrid in both their first-round legs of the Champions League to top their group , although the Turin-based club eventually fell to Ranieris former team , Chelsea , in the round of 16 . After Juventus struggled with injuries and failed to register a win in seven matches during a two-month period , which left the team in third place after a 2–2 home draw with Atalanta , he was said to have been under real pressure to maintain his job as head coach with many supporters of the club publicly criticising the team and in particular Ranieri . Speculation ended when , after having an emergency board meeting on 18 May 2009 , the board dismissed Ranieri after Inter were confirmed Serie A champions . He was replaced by youth system chief Ciro Ferrara . Ranieri had also led Juventus to the Coppa Italia semi-finals that season , where they were eliminated by Lazio , who went on to win the title . Juventus finished the league season in second place , one position better than the previous season . Roma . On 1 September 2009 , Ranieri was signed as the new manager of Roma on a two-year contract , succeeding Luciano Spalletti , who had resigned that day after opening the 2009–10 Serie A season with two defeats . Thus , Rome-born Ranieri became head coach of the football club which he had supported since childhood . Under his guidance , Roma dramatically improved their performances and thrust themselves into the championship battle , reducing the gap between themselves and leaders Inter to only one point after Ranieris team defeated Mourinhos Nerazzurri on matchday 31 . Roma then went on to win two more games consecutively and overtook Inter by matchday 33 , thanks to a 2–1 home win against Atalanta and Inters 2–2 draw against Fiorentina . This left the Giallorossi on the top of the table with five games remaining . Roma then extended its unbeaten run to 23 matches , and also maintained first place in the league table by winning a heated derby against crosstown rivals Lazio , extending the clubs unbeaten run to 24 matches . Ranieri was hailed by the press for substituting local heroes Francesco Totti and Daniele De Rossi during half-time , while Roma was losing 1–0 ; the Giallorossi then won the match 2–1 after two second-half goals from Mirko Vučinić . Roma , however , would surrender their lead in Serie A and also lose the Coppa Italia final , in both cases to treble-winning Inter . Following Romas 1–0 defeat in the Coppa Italia final , Inter boss Mourinho publicly mocked Ranieri , as he had reportedly showed his team the film Gladiator before the match , in order to motivate his players . The following season , Ranieri suffered yet another defeat to Inter in the 2010 Supercoppa Italiana . The season started off poorly for Roma and saw Ranieri clash with team captain Totti , who was critical of being left out of the team and of his coachs defensive tactics and constant changes to the starting line-up . Although the clubs form later improved , Ranieri resigned as manager on 20 February 2011 , after a poor run of results . His final game in charge was a 4–3 defeat to Genoa , in which Roma surrendered a 3–0 lead . Inter . On 22 September 2011 , Ranieri was named as the new manager of Inter , replacing Gian Piero Gasperini , who was dismissed for poor performances after losing four out of five matches . He signed a contract with the club until 30 June 2013 . The Nerazzurri managed to win 3–1 in Ranieris debut against Bologna on 24 September ; this was the first competitive win for the team in all tournaments since the beginning of the season , and was followed by a 3–2 Champions League away win at CSKA Moscow . A run of seven consecutive Serie A wins in December 2011 and January 2012 , including a 1–0 victory over cross-city rivals Milan , suddenly had them talking of challenging for the title . Thereafter , Inter suffered a poor run of results ( which also saw the departure of Thiago Motta to Paris Saint-Germain ) and their Champions League hopes were hanging by a thread after being beaten by Marseille 1–0 in the round of 16 first leg match . Speculation was growing that Ranieri would be dismissed soon , reaching its peak during half-time of the Serie A match with Catania , but it died down after a 2–0 away win over Chievo . On 26 March 2012 , however , following a 0–2 defeat against Juventus and after a run of just two wins in their last 13 games and eventual elimination by Marseille in the Champions League , Ranieri was dismissed . Monaco . On 30 May 2012 , Ranieri signed a two-year contract with Ligue 2 club Monaco . Ranieri led Monaco to promotion to Ligue 1 , with the club winning the Ligue 2 championship title for the first time in its history . The following season , Ranieri led Monaco to second place in the 2013–14 Ligue 1 – behind champions Paris Saint-Germain – after finishing the season with 80 points . On 20 May 2014 , his contract as Monaco manager was not renewed . Greece national team . Ranieri was appointed manager of the Greece national team following the departure of Fernando Santos after the 2014 FIFA World Cup ; Ranieri signed a two-year contract worth €1.6 million . Compared to their previous stability under Otto Rehhagel and Santos , Ranieri often changed line-ups and formations , confusing the players ; moreover , he did not live in Greece . He was dismissed on 15 November 2014 , the day after a UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying 1-0 defeat at home against the Faroe Islands . He received €800,000 in compensation for his termination . He reflected in a 2015 interview with the Leicester Mercury : Leicester City . First season . On 13 July 2015 , Leicester City announced Ranieri as the clubs new manager on a three-year contract . His appointment was initially met with scepticism ; Marcus Christenson of The Guardian called it baffling given Ranieris frequent recent dismissals and Greeces loss to the Faroe Islands . Christenson highlighted that Ranieris good humour would be the antithesis to the short-tempered outbursts of his predecessor Nigel Pearson , concluding , If Leicester wanted someone nice , theyve got him . If they wanted someone to keep them in the Premier League , then they may have gone for the wrong guy . Ranieris managerial debut with the club came in a 4–2 win over Sunderland on the opening match of the season on 8 August . After the match , Ranieri told the media that he inspired the team to win by giving them motivation from local rock band Kasabian . Following Leicesters first clean sheet of the 2015–16 Premier League season , which came in the clubs tenth fixture , in a 1–0 home win against Crystal Palace on 24 October , Ranieri attracted further media attention when he rewarded his players by taking the team out for pizza and having champagne . The strong start of the season saw the club at the top of the Premier League at Christmas , having scored in each of their first 17 games . During this run , striker Jamie Vardy broke the Premier League record by scoring in 11 consecutive league matches , a run Ranieri compared to Gabriel Batistutas during the 1994–95 season , while Ranieri was his manager at Fiorentina . In March 2016 , Ranieris quips once again attracted attention from the media when he stated in an interview that he used an imaginary bell in training in order to keep his players focused , by saying dilly ding , dilly dong ; the quote later gained popularity and became a club catchphrase . Leicesters change of form led the BBC to compare the world media attention brought to Leicester by Ranieri with that achieved by the discovery of the remains of Richard III of England . Leicester entered April at the summit of the Premier League and on 10 April 2016 , they clinched a spot in the 2016–17 Champions League after a 2–0 away win over Sunderland . Despite pressure from the chasing teams , Leicester maintained their lead at the top of the table throughout April and entered May knowing they only needed three points to lift the Premier League trophy . Leicester played a hotly contested 1–1 draw against Manchester United at Old Trafford on 1 May , earning them a crucial point . This meant Tottenham Hotspur had to win their next game against Chelsea to stay in the title race . After Ranieris appointment had been questioned in the media , barely avoiding relegation the previous season , and starting the 2015–16 Premier League campaign as 5,000–1 outsiders to win the title , Leicester City clinched the Premier League title the following day after second-place club Tottenham could only manage a 2–2 draw against Chelsea , despite leading 2–0 at half-time . This was the first time the club had won the title in their 132-year history . The teams success was described as a fairytale and the most unlikely triumph in the history of team sport . In spite of Ranieris previous Tinkerman nickname , Leicester consistently played the same line-up under his stewardship , using fewer players than any other team . With Leicester , Ranieri reverted to his preferred 4–4–2 formation , which made use of heavy pressing , defensive organisation and fast counter-attacks . Throughout the season , Ranieri drew praise from the media for his good humour and inspirational leadership at Leicester , and for successfully building a winning mentality and a successful team environment , while also being singled out for his tactical awareness , and for frequently taking the pressure off his players . His title success led some in the media to dub him King Claudio . On the last day of the season , Leicester played at Chelsea , who gave them the ceremonial guard of honour . Carlo Cudicini , an Italian goalkeeper who played for Chelsea under Ranieri , presented him with a special award on behalf of the club , as Leicester finished the season with a 1–1 away draw . On 16 May , Ranieri was named Manager of the Year for 2016 by the League Managers Association , and on 18 May , he was named the 2016 Barclays Premier League Manager of the Season . He was also awarded Grand Officer of the Italian Order of Merit and the Enzo Bearzot Award as best Italian manager of the year . Second season . On 7 August 2016 , Leicester began the 2016–17 season with a 2–1 defeat to Manchester United in the 2016 FA Community Shield . The start to Ranieris second Premier League season with Leicester was less successful : by late November , the team had lost 6 of their opening 12 Premier League matches , conceded 20 goals while only scoring 14 , and were in 14th place in the table , only two points above the relegation zone . Furthermore , Leicester had only won three matches in total , and had only managed to obtain one point away from home . Pundits opined that the team was unable to foster the same mentality that won them the title the previous season , and that NGolo Kantés departure to Chelsea , Vardys goal drought , Leicesters opponents different tactical approaches and the additional commitment of playing in the Champions League were the reasons for the clubs sudden drop in form . Despite their struggles in the league , however , the start to the clubs first ever Champions League campaign was more successful : Leicester won their first three matches , while also keeping four consecutive clean sheets ; following a 2–1 win over Club Brugge on 22 November , Leicester managed to top their group with 13 points and qualify for the knock-out round unbeaten with one match to spare , ahead of Porto and Copenhagen . In December , Ranieri was named as one of the three finalists for the 2016 Best FIFA Mens Coach ; he won the award on 9 January 2017 . On 23 February 2017 , Ranieri was dismissed by Leicester , with the club one point above the relegation zone with 13 matches remaining in the 2016–17 Premier League season . After a first leg 2–1 away loss to Sevilla in the Champions League round of 16 , it was reported by the media that senior players had been summoned to meet the Leicester City chairman Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha and the outcome of the meeting had sealed Ranieris fate . However , caretaker manager Craig Shakespeare and players denied that a player revolt had led to Ranieris dismissal . The action was described as a panic decision and wrong by Gary Lineker , who said he had shed a tear when he heard the news . Graeme Souness commented that while Ranieri had probably treated the players the same way as last year , the players had allowed themselves to get into the armchair ; while Ranieri had paid the price for a poor season , the players were to blame . Leicesters first match without Ranieri was a return-to-form 3–1 win over Liverpool ; the supporters showed loyalty to the players , but at the 65th minute torches and banners supporting Ranieri were held aloft , the largest one having a picture of Ranieri with the message Grazie Claudio ( Thank you , Claudio ) . Soccer Aid . In April 2016 , it was announced that Ranieri would manage the Rest of the World team at Soccer Aid , a charity football match in aid of UNICEF and held at Old Trafford , Manchester , on 5 June . The Rest of the World team lost 3–2 to an England team comprising former professional players and celebrities . Nantes . On 15 June 2017 , Nantes announced Ranieri as the clubs new manager . Ahead of Nantes final game of the season , it was announced that Ranieri would leave the club following its conclusion . Fulham . On 14 November 2018 , Ranieri was appointed as the manager of Fulham , replacing Slaviša Jokanović . On 24 November , his first match as the clubs new manager , he led Fulham to a dramatic 3–2 home win against Southampton , which put an end to Fulhams winless run in the league since 22 September . Ranieri was dismissed as the manager of Fulham and replaced by then assistant manager Scott Parker on 28 February 2019 , having won only 3 of his 17 matches in charge . Coincidentally , Jokanović had been Ranieris first signing for Chelsea and Parker had been his last . Return to Roma . On 8 March 2019 , Ranieri came back to Roma after eight years . He signed a contract which kept him at Roma until the end of the 2018–19 season , but with a possibility to extend the contract at the end of the season . In his first game back at Roma on 11 March , he led his team to a 2–1 home win over Empoli . In his final match for the club , on 26 May , he helped Roma to a 2–1 home win over Parma , but Roma ultimately missed out on a Champions League spot . Sampdoria . On 12 October 2019 , Ranieri signed a contract with Sampdoria , which would see him remain as the clubs manager until 2021 ; at the time of his appointment , the team were sitting in last place in Serie A . He guided them to fifteenth place at the end of the season . Following a ninth-place finish in the following season , Ranieri announced he would not be renewing his contract and would be leaving the club . Style of management . Ranieris teams usually employ a tactically rigorous 4–4–2 formation , and are known for their fitness and work-rate , as well as their efficient and highly organised playing style , and for being compact both defensively and in midfield ; his teams have drawn praise in the media for their defensive solidity , effective use of heavy pressing to win back possession , and their ability to score from quick counter-attacks . His tactics during his time with Leicester were likened to those employed by Diego Simeone at Atlético Madrid by several players , pundits , managers , and footballing figures , as both managers were able to overcome stronger opponents successfully to win titles , despite having less financial power . In addition to his tactical acumen , Ranieri has also drawn praise as a manager for his leadership , good humour , and his ability to both motivate and alleviate pressure on his players , thus fostering a winning mentality and a good team spirit ; he has frequently used several unorthodox methods throughout his career in order to inspire his squads , with mixed success , while his quips have made him a popular figure with the media . Throughout his career , Ranieri has also drawn criticism for over-rotating his squad and modifying his tactics and formations excessively throughout the course of a season , which earned him the nickname The Tinkerman in the British media . In the past , he has also been accused of using old-fashioned and overly defensive tactical systems by pundits and other managers , and was criticised for his failure to win a major league title , until he captured the Premier League title with Leicester in 2016 . Honours . Manager . Cagliari - Serie C1 : 1988–89 - Coppa Italia Serie C : 1988–89 - Serie B promotion : 1989–90 Fiorentina - Serie B : 1993–94 - Coppa Italia : 1995–96 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1996 Valencia - Copa del Rey : 1998–99 - UEFA Intertoto Cup : 1998 - UEFA Super Cup : 2004 Monaco - Ligue 2 : 2012–13 Leicester City - Premier League : 2015–16 Individual - Premier League Manager of the Season : 2015–16 - LMA Manager of the Year : 2016 - Premier League Manager of the Month : September 2003 , March 2004 , November 2015 , March 2016 , April 2016 - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2016 - Italian Football Hall of Fame : 2016 - Gazzetta Sports Awards Coach of the Year : 2016 - BBC Sports Personality of the Year Coach Award : 2016 - European Coach of the Season : 2015–16 - IFFHS Worlds Best Club Coach ( Third place ) : 2016 - Golden Foot : 2016 , as football legend - The Best FIFA Mens Coach : 2016 - World Soccer Magazine World Manager of the Year : 2016 - Fiorentina Hall of Fame : 2018 Orders . - 2nd Class / Grand Officer : Grande Ufficiale Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana : 2016 - 1st Class : Palma dOro al Merito Tecnico : 2016 |
[
"William M . Meredith"
] | easy | Who was the owner of Wheatland (James Buchanan House) from 1845 to 1848? | /wiki/Wheatland_(James_Buchanan_House)#P127#0 | Wheatland ( James Buchanan House ) Wheatland , or the James Buchanan House , is a brick , Federal style house outside of Lancaster , Pennsylvania , in Lancaster Township , Lancaster County . It was formerly owned by the 15th President of the United States , James Buchanan . The house was constructed in 1828 by William Jenkins , a local lawyer . The second owner was Thomas Fuller Potter . He sold it to William M . Meredith in 1845 . Wheatland changed hands again in 1848 , when it was purchased by Buchanan . Buchanan occupied the house for the next two decades , except for several years during his ambassadorship in Great Britain and during his presidency . After his death in 1868 , Wheatland was inherited by Buchanans niece , Harriet Lane , who sold it in 1884 to George Willson . It was inherited by a relative of Willsons in 1929 . Wheatland was put up for sale again after the relative died in 1934 and was acquired by a group of people who set up a foundation for the purpose of preserving the house . Wheatland was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1961 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966 . It was designated a contributing property to the Northeast Lancaster Township Historic District in 1980 . The foundation and the adjacent historical society merged in 2009 . Location . Wheatland is located off Pennsylvania Route 23 ( Marietta Avenue ) in Lancaster Township , about from the center of the city of Lancaster . It is situated on of land , which it shares with Lancaster Countys historical society , at the intersection of Marietta Avenue and President Avenue . The region was originally inhabited by the Susquehannocks , who were first encountered in what is now Lancaster County by John Smith in 1608 . They were also known to early settlers of the area as the Conestogas , after the creek they resided near . In 1680 , William Penn received a charter from Charles II for land to found the Province of Pennsylvania ; Penn divided the land into the three counties : Bucks , Chester and Philadelphia . Lancaster County was formed from parts of Chester County on May 10 , 1729 . Lancaster Township was settled between 1717 and 1720 , and was incorporated out of portions of Conestoga Township in 1729 . The city of Lancaster was laid out in March 1730 and was incorporated as a borough in August 1742 , before being incorporated as a city on March 20 , 1818 . History . On November 20 , 1824 , over of land was turned over to a bank in Lancaster by a farmer . The bank sold and 68 square perches ( 18,513 ft ; 1,720 m ) of that land , on January 29 , 1828 , for $11,731.87 , ( equal to $ today ) , through the use of a straw man , to William Jenkins , a lawyer and , then , president of said bank . Jenkins had a house constructed on the property and named it The Wheatlands , either after the surrounding wheatfields or because the site of the house used to be a wheatfield . Jenkins sold and 25 square perches ( 7,010 ft ; 651 m ) of land , including the house , to his son-in-law Thomas Fuller Potter in 1836 . William M . Meredith bought the same plot on May 8 , 1845 , plus an additional , for $6,750 , equal to $ today . Meredith used it as primarily a summer house and as a home for his wife and children ; Merediths duties as head of the bar in Philadelphia prevented him from living at Wheatland on a permanent basis . Wheatland was put up for sale by Meredith and was contacted in June 1848 by Secretary of State James Buchanan , who was interested in the house . The sale of Wheatland was delayed by Meredith , who was not sure whether he really wanted to sell the estate , and by Buchanan , who did not want to force Meredith into making a decision that he might regret . Wheatland was sold in December 1848 at the same price that Meredith had purchased it at ; Buchanan moved into the mansion several months later , accompanied by his niece , Harriet Lane , and nephew , James Buchanan Buck Henry , and his housekeeper , Esther Miss Hetty Parker . Buchanan ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic Partys nomination for President in the 1852 election , however he was appointed the Minister to Great Britain by the newly elected Franklin Pierce . Buchanan did not return to the United States , and to Wheatland , until 1856 . Not long after arriving back at Wheatland , Buchanan was nominated by the Democratic Party to be its candidate for President on June 9 , 1856 . Buchanan did not tour the country as part of the campaign . Instead , he conducted it from Wheatland as a front porch campaign . Buchanan won the election and carried all of the Southern states , with most of the votes in the Northern states going to the Republican nominee John C . Frémont . Part of Buchanans success in the South was his , and the party platforms , support of the Kansas–Nebraska Act . One of the tactics used in the campaign involved lithographs of Wheatland being printed and circulated , primarily in the South , as a polite way of informing the Southerners that the Democratic candidate , though from the North , had a plantation estate and held a course of life similar to their own . Post-presidency . During his presidency , Buchanan returned to Wheatland sporadically and never for very long . He retired to Wheatland in 1861 , after the election of Abraham Lincoln and the end of his term as President . Buchanan died in a room on the second floor in Wheatland on June 1 , 1868 . Thousands of people attended Buchanans funeral and the procession from Wheatland to the Woodward Hill Cemetery on June 4 . The estate was inherited by Harriet Lane , who used it as a summer house . After both of Lanes sons died—one in 1881 and the other a year later—and a few weeks after her husband died , Lane sold Wheatland in 1884 to George Willson . Wheatland was inherited by Mary Willson Rettew , a cousin of George Willson , after he died of a heart attack in 1929 . Rettew died in 1934 and , left a will stipulating the establishment of The Willson Memorial Building to preserve the familys heirlooms . Her will also requested that the building be occupied by the Lancaster County Historical Society , which had been founded in 1880 . Wheatland , along with of land , were put up for sale by the executors of the will . The Junior League of Lancaster founded the James Buchanan Foundation for the Preservation of Wheatland in 1935 with the purpose of raising funds to buy Wheatland . Wheatland was sold to the Foundation for $40,000 ( equal to $ today ) on February 27 , 1936 . It was opened to the public on May 5 , 1936 and was dedicated as a new presidential shrine , taking its place with Mount Vernon , Monticello and The Hermitage , in October 1937 . Wheatland was designated a National Historic Landmark on July 4 , 1961 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15 , 1966 . Wheatland became a contributing property to the Northeast Lancaster Township Historic District on March 20 , 1986 . The James Buchanan Foundation and the neighboring Lancaster County Historical Society were merged in 2009 to form LancasterHistory.org . Architecture and decor . Wheatland is a Federal style house made of brick . As no documents on the actual construction are known to exist , the person or persons responsible for the design of Wheatland have remained anonymous . However , the architecture of Wheatland , as well as its location on the property , indicates someone who was skilled in classical architecture . Design elements , like various lunette windows , also show the influence of various architectural guidebooks that were prevalent in the early 19th century . The interior of Wheatland is furnished as it would have been in the mid-19th Century , with most of the furniture being original to the house . As Wheatland has never been significantly altered or remodeled , other than the installation of modern lighting and heating , it provides an accurate view of the lifestyle in the Victorian era . The house is made up of a -story , bilaterally symmetrical , central section , flanked by two , three-story wings set back from the main facade . The roofs of both wings are flat and sloping towards the rear of the house ; the northern wing also a pent roof , a sloped , shingled roof between the first floor and second floor windows , on the rear . The front entrance to Wheatland is sheltered by a portico supported by Tuscan order columns , while the rear entrance is on a veranda . Interior . Both of the main entrances into Wheatland open onto a T-shaped hallway . The main portion of the hall is long and wide , while the cross-hall is . It is covered with an oilcloth flooring that was decorated with geometric squares to imitate tile—painting one material to resemble another , more expensive one that was popular in the Victorian era . The original cloth was covered with a modern , red carpet up until 1990 ; it has since been overlaid with an identical , reproduction covering . On the first floor are located the parlor , the library , two dining rooms , and the kitchen . One of the dining rooms is located in the western wing , off of the hallway , and was used primarily used by the family for smaller meals like breakfast or tea . The kitchen is also in the wing , directly adjacent to the dining room . The other dining room , located in the front western side of the main house , was used only for formal dinners and as the sitting room where the men would converse after dinner . The fireplace in the room was enclosed in marble when Buchanan bought Wheatland and had a furnace installed . Across the hall , on the other side of the main house is the parlor , where the women guests would congregate after dinner . The library is located off the hallway in the east wing . The woodwork , doors , a bookcase , and a bookshelf built into the wall were grained to resemble oak . The shelves in the bookshelf no longer exist ; but , the backboard of the bookshelf is visible , as is the plaster wall made to resemble wood . Two mahogany bookcases , flanking the fireplace in the library , were furnished by Jenkins and having been sold to each successive owner by the previous one . The library was primarily used by Buchanan as the place to meet with guests . The second floor is reached by means of an elliptical stairway in the cross-hall . Embedded into the newel post at the base of the stairs is glass peace stone , symbolizing the owners peace of mind after having paid off the mortgage . The living quarters for the inhabitants of Wheatland were located on the second floor . A bathroom , complete with bathtub , shower and a bidet , was installed in the west wing when the Willsons bought Wheatland in 1884 . The third floor was primarily used as servants quarters and has been left unrestored . Grounds . Originally constituting , the grounds surrounding Wheatland were incrementally sold until only remained when it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The merger in 2009 , however , included the given to the historical society in 1934 ; the total of the two parcels is almost half of Wheatlands original property . On the grounds , behind Wheatland , stand a privy , a smokehouse , and a carriage house . A stable used to stand on the property but was replaced by the carriage house in the late 1880s ; an icehouse also no longer exists . The carriage house , today , houses meeting and reception space . Wheatland is open to the public Monday-Saturday from mid-January through mid-November , with tours available hourly . |
[
"James Buchanan"
] | easy | Wheatland (James Buchanan House) was owned by whom from 1848 to 1868? | /wiki/Wheatland_(James_Buchanan_House)#P127#1 | Wheatland ( James Buchanan House ) Wheatland , or the James Buchanan House , is a brick , Federal style house outside of Lancaster , Pennsylvania , in Lancaster Township , Lancaster County . It was formerly owned by the 15th President of the United States , James Buchanan . The house was constructed in 1828 by William Jenkins , a local lawyer . The second owner was Thomas Fuller Potter . He sold it to William M . Meredith in 1845 . Wheatland changed hands again in 1848 , when it was purchased by Buchanan . Buchanan occupied the house for the next two decades , except for several years during his ambassadorship in Great Britain and during his presidency . After his death in 1868 , Wheatland was inherited by Buchanans niece , Harriet Lane , who sold it in 1884 to George Willson . It was inherited by a relative of Willsons in 1929 . Wheatland was put up for sale again after the relative died in 1934 and was acquired by a group of people who set up a foundation for the purpose of preserving the house . Wheatland was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1961 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966 . It was designated a contributing property to the Northeast Lancaster Township Historic District in 1980 . The foundation and the adjacent historical society merged in 2009 . Location . Wheatland is located off Pennsylvania Route 23 ( Marietta Avenue ) in Lancaster Township , about from the center of the city of Lancaster . It is situated on of land , which it shares with Lancaster Countys historical society , at the intersection of Marietta Avenue and President Avenue . The region was originally inhabited by the Susquehannocks , who were first encountered in what is now Lancaster County by John Smith in 1608 . They were also known to early settlers of the area as the Conestogas , after the creek they resided near . In 1680 , William Penn received a charter from Charles II for land to found the Province of Pennsylvania ; Penn divided the land into the three counties : Bucks , Chester and Philadelphia . Lancaster County was formed from parts of Chester County on May 10 , 1729 . Lancaster Township was settled between 1717 and 1720 , and was incorporated out of portions of Conestoga Township in 1729 . The city of Lancaster was laid out in March 1730 and was incorporated as a borough in August 1742 , before being incorporated as a city on March 20 , 1818 . History . On November 20 , 1824 , over of land was turned over to a bank in Lancaster by a farmer . The bank sold and 68 square perches ( 18,513 ft ; 1,720 m ) of that land , on January 29 , 1828 , for $11,731.87 , ( equal to $ today ) , through the use of a straw man , to William Jenkins , a lawyer and , then , president of said bank . Jenkins had a house constructed on the property and named it The Wheatlands , either after the surrounding wheatfields or because the site of the house used to be a wheatfield . Jenkins sold and 25 square perches ( 7,010 ft ; 651 m ) of land , including the house , to his son-in-law Thomas Fuller Potter in 1836 . William M . Meredith bought the same plot on May 8 , 1845 , plus an additional , for $6,750 , equal to $ today . Meredith used it as primarily a summer house and as a home for his wife and children ; Merediths duties as head of the bar in Philadelphia prevented him from living at Wheatland on a permanent basis . Wheatland was put up for sale by Meredith and was contacted in June 1848 by Secretary of State James Buchanan , who was interested in the house . The sale of Wheatland was delayed by Meredith , who was not sure whether he really wanted to sell the estate , and by Buchanan , who did not want to force Meredith into making a decision that he might regret . Wheatland was sold in December 1848 at the same price that Meredith had purchased it at ; Buchanan moved into the mansion several months later , accompanied by his niece , Harriet Lane , and nephew , James Buchanan Buck Henry , and his housekeeper , Esther Miss Hetty Parker . Buchanan ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic Partys nomination for President in the 1852 election , however he was appointed the Minister to Great Britain by the newly elected Franklin Pierce . Buchanan did not return to the United States , and to Wheatland , until 1856 . Not long after arriving back at Wheatland , Buchanan was nominated by the Democratic Party to be its candidate for President on June 9 , 1856 . Buchanan did not tour the country as part of the campaign . Instead , he conducted it from Wheatland as a front porch campaign . Buchanan won the election and carried all of the Southern states , with most of the votes in the Northern states going to the Republican nominee John C . Frémont . Part of Buchanans success in the South was his , and the party platforms , support of the Kansas–Nebraska Act . One of the tactics used in the campaign involved lithographs of Wheatland being printed and circulated , primarily in the South , as a polite way of informing the Southerners that the Democratic candidate , though from the North , had a plantation estate and held a course of life similar to their own . Post-presidency . During his presidency , Buchanan returned to Wheatland sporadically and never for very long . He retired to Wheatland in 1861 , after the election of Abraham Lincoln and the end of his term as President . Buchanan died in a room on the second floor in Wheatland on June 1 , 1868 . Thousands of people attended Buchanans funeral and the procession from Wheatland to the Woodward Hill Cemetery on June 4 . The estate was inherited by Harriet Lane , who used it as a summer house . After both of Lanes sons died—one in 1881 and the other a year later—and a few weeks after her husband died , Lane sold Wheatland in 1884 to George Willson . Wheatland was inherited by Mary Willson Rettew , a cousin of George Willson , after he died of a heart attack in 1929 . Rettew died in 1934 and , left a will stipulating the establishment of The Willson Memorial Building to preserve the familys heirlooms . Her will also requested that the building be occupied by the Lancaster County Historical Society , which had been founded in 1880 . Wheatland , along with of land , were put up for sale by the executors of the will . The Junior League of Lancaster founded the James Buchanan Foundation for the Preservation of Wheatland in 1935 with the purpose of raising funds to buy Wheatland . Wheatland was sold to the Foundation for $40,000 ( equal to $ today ) on February 27 , 1936 . It was opened to the public on May 5 , 1936 and was dedicated as a new presidential shrine , taking its place with Mount Vernon , Monticello and The Hermitage , in October 1937 . Wheatland was designated a National Historic Landmark on July 4 , 1961 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15 , 1966 . Wheatland became a contributing property to the Northeast Lancaster Township Historic District on March 20 , 1986 . The James Buchanan Foundation and the neighboring Lancaster County Historical Society were merged in 2009 to form LancasterHistory.org . Architecture and decor . Wheatland is a Federal style house made of brick . As no documents on the actual construction are known to exist , the person or persons responsible for the design of Wheatland have remained anonymous . However , the architecture of Wheatland , as well as its location on the property , indicates someone who was skilled in classical architecture . Design elements , like various lunette windows , also show the influence of various architectural guidebooks that were prevalent in the early 19th century . The interior of Wheatland is furnished as it would have been in the mid-19th Century , with most of the furniture being original to the house . As Wheatland has never been significantly altered or remodeled , other than the installation of modern lighting and heating , it provides an accurate view of the lifestyle in the Victorian era . The house is made up of a -story , bilaterally symmetrical , central section , flanked by two , three-story wings set back from the main facade . The roofs of both wings are flat and sloping towards the rear of the house ; the northern wing also a pent roof , a sloped , shingled roof between the first floor and second floor windows , on the rear . The front entrance to Wheatland is sheltered by a portico supported by Tuscan order columns , while the rear entrance is on a veranda . Interior . Both of the main entrances into Wheatland open onto a T-shaped hallway . The main portion of the hall is long and wide , while the cross-hall is . It is covered with an oilcloth flooring that was decorated with geometric squares to imitate tile—painting one material to resemble another , more expensive one that was popular in the Victorian era . The original cloth was covered with a modern , red carpet up until 1990 ; it has since been overlaid with an identical , reproduction covering . On the first floor are located the parlor , the library , two dining rooms , and the kitchen . One of the dining rooms is located in the western wing , off of the hallway , and was used primarily used by the family for smaller meals like breakfast or tea . The kitchen is also in the wing , directly adjacent to the dining room . The other dining room , located in the front western side of the main house , was used only for formal dinners and as the sitting room where the men would converse after dinner . The fireplace in the room was enclosed in marble when Buchanan bought Wheatland and had a furnace installed . Across the hall , on the other side of the main house is the parlor , where the women guests would congregate after dinner . The library is located off the hallway in the east wing . The woodwork , doors , a bookcase , and a bookshelf built into the wall were grained to resemble oak . The shelves in the bookshelf no longer exist ; but , the backboard of the bookshelf is visible , as is the plaster wall made to resemble wood . Two mahogany bookcases , flanking the fireplace in the library , were furnished by Jenkins and having been sold to each successive owner by the previous one . The library was primarily used by Buchanan as the place to meet with guests . The second floor is reached by means of an elliptical stairway in the cross-hall . Embedded into the newel post at the base of the stairs is glass peace stone , symbolizing the owners peace of mind after having paid off the mortgage . The living quarters for the inhabitants of Wheatland were located on the second floor . A bathroom , complete with bathtub , shower and a bidet , was installed in the west wing when the Willsons bought Wheatland in 1884 . The third floor was primarily used as servants quarters and has been left unrestored . Grounds . Originally constituting , the grounds surrounding Wheatland were incrementally sold until only remained when it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The merger in 2009 , however , included the given to the historical society in 1934 ; the total of the two parcels is almost half of Wheatlands original property . On the grounds , behind Wheatland , stand a privy , a smokehouse , and a carriage house . A stable used to stand on the property but was replaced by the carriage house in the late 1880s ; an icehouse also no longer exists . The carriage house , today , houses meeting and reception space . Wheatland is open to the public Monday-Saturday from mid-January through mid-November , with tours available hourly . |
[
"Harriet Lane"
] | easy | Who was the owner of Wheatland (James Buchanan House) from 1868 to 1884? | /wiki/Wheatland_(James_Buchanan_House)#P127#2 | Wheatland ( James Buchanan House ) Wheatland , or the James Buchanan House , is a brick , Federal style house outside of Lancaster , Pennsylvania , in Lancaster Township , Lancaster County . It was formerly owned by the 15th President of the United States , James Buchanan . The house was constructed in 1828 by William Jenkins , a local lawyer . The second owner was Thomas Fuller Potter . He sold it to William M . Meredith in 1845 . Wheatland changed hands again in 1848 , when it was purchased by Buchanan . Buchanan occupied the house for the next two decades , except for several years during his ambassadorship in Great Britain and during his presidency . After his death in 1868 , Wheatland was inherited by Buchanans niece , Harriet Lane , who sold it in 1884 to George Willson . It was inherited by a relative of Willsons in 1929 . Wheatland was put up for sale again after the relative died in 1934 and was acquired by a group of people who set up a foundation for the purpose of preserving the house . Wheatland was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1961 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966 . It was designated a contributing property to the Northeast Lancaster Township Historic District in 1980 . The foundation and the adjacent historical society merged in 2009 . Location . Wheatland is located off Pennsylvania Route 23 ( Marietta Avenue ) in Lancaster Township , about from the center of the city of Lancaster . It is situated on of land , which it shares with Lancaster Countys historical society , at the intersection of Marietta Avenue and President Avenue . The region was originally inhabited by the Susquehannocks , who were first encountered in what is now Lancaster County by John Smith in 1608 . They were also known to early settlers of the area as the Conestogas , after the creek they resided near . In 1680 , William Penn received a charter from Charles II for land to found the Province of Pennsylvania ; Penn divided the land into the three counties : Bucks , Chester and Philadelphia . Lancaster County was formed from parts of Chester County on May 10 , 1729 . Lancaster Township was settled between 1717 and 1720 , and was incorporated out of portions of Conestoga Township in 1729 . The city of Lancaster was laid out in March 1730 and was incorporated as a borough in August 1742 , before being incorporated as a city on March 20 , 1818 . History . On November 20 , 1824 , over of land was turned over to a bank in Lancaster by a farmer . The bank sold and 68 square perches ( 18,513 ft ; 1,720 m ) of that land , on January 29 , 1828 , for $11,731.87 , ( equal to $ today ) , through the use of a straw man , to William Jenkins , a lawyer and , then , president of said bank . Jenkins had a house constructed on the property and named it The Wheatlands , either after the surrounding wheatfields or because the site of the house used to be a wheatfield . Jenkins sold and 25 square perches ( 7,010 ft ; 651 m ) of land , including the house , to his son-in-law Thomas Fuller Potter in 1836 . William M . Meredith bought the same plot on May 8 , 1845 , plus an additional , for $6,750 , equal to $ today . Meredith used it as primarily a summer house and as a home for his wife and children ; Merediths duties as head of the bar in Philadelphia prevented him from living at Wheatland on a permanent basis . Wheatland was put up for sale by Meredith and was contacted in June 1848 by Secretary of State James Buchanan , who was interested in the house . The sale of Wheatland was delayed by Meredith , who was not sure whether he really wanted to sell the estate , and by Buchanan , who did not want to force Meredith into making a decision that he might regret . Wheatland was sold in December 1848 at the same price that Meredith had purchased it at ; Buchanan moved into the mansion several months later , accompanied by his niece , Harriet Lane , and nephew , James Buchanan Buck Henry , and his housekeeper , Esther Miss Hetty Parker . Buchanan ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic Partys nomination for President in the 1852 election , however he was appointed the Minister to Great Britain by the newly elected Franklin Pierce . Buchanan did not return to the United States , and to Wheatland , until 1856 . Not long after arriving back at Wheatland , Buchanan was nominated by the Democratic Party to be its candidate for President on June 9 , 1856 . Buchanan did not tour the country as part of the campaign . Instead , he conducted it from Wheatland as a front porch campaign . Buchanan won the election and carried all of the Southern states , with most of the votes in the Northern states going to the Republican nominee John C . Frémont . Part of Buchanans success in the South was his , and the party platforms , support of the Kansas–Nebraska Act . One of the tactics used in the campaign involved lithographs of Wheatland being printed and circulated , primarily in the South , as a polite way of informing the Southerners that the Democratic candidate , though from the North , had a plantation estate and held a course of life similar to their own . Post-presidency . During his presidency , Buchanan returned to Wheatland sporadically and never for very long . He retired to Wheatland in 1861 , after the election of Abraham Lincoln and the end of his term as President . Buchanan died in a room on the second floor in Wheatland on June 1 , 1868 . Thousands of people attended Buchanans funeral and the procession from Wheatland to the Woodward Hill Cemetery on June 4 . The estate was inherited by Harriet Lane , who used it as a summer house . After both of Lanes sons died—one in 1881 and the other a year later—and a few weeks after her husband died , Lane sold Wheatland in 1884 to George Willson . Wheatland was inherited by Mary Willson Rettew , a cousin of George Willson , after he died of a heart attack in 1929 . Rettew died in 1934 and , left a will stipulating the establishment of The Willson Memorial Building to preserve the familys heirlooms . Her will also requested that the building be occupied by the Lancaster County Historical Society , which had been founded in 1880 . Wheatland , along with of land , were put up for sale by the executors of the will . The Junior League of Lancaster founded the James Buchanan Foundation for the Preservation of Wheatland in 1935 with the purpose of raising funds to buy Wheatland . Wheatland was sold to the Foundation for $40,000 ( equal to $ today ) on February 27 , 1936 . It was opened to the public on May 5 , 1936 and was dedicated as a new presidential shrine , taking its place with Mount Vernon , Monticello and The Hermitage , in October 1937 . Wheatland was designated a National Historic Landmark on July 4 , 1961 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15 , 1966 . Wheatland became a contributing property to the Northeast Lancaster Township Historic District on March 20 , 1986 . The James Buchanan Foundation and the neighboring Lancaster County Historical Society were merged in 2009 to form LancasterHistory.org . Architecture and decor . Wheatland is a Federal style house made of brick . As no documents on the actual construction are known to exist , the person or persons responsible for the design of Wheatland have remained anonymous . However , the architecture of Wheatland , as well as its location on the property , indicates someone who was skilled in classical architecture . Design elements , like various lunette windows , also show the influence of various architectural guidebooks that were prevalent in the early 19th century . The interior of Wheatland is furnished as it would have been in the mid-19th Century , with most of the furniture being original to the house . As Wheatland has never been significantly altered or remodeled , other than the installation of modern lighting and heating , it provides an accurate view of the lifestyle in the Victorian era . The house is made up of a -story , bilaterally symmetrical , central section , flanked by two , three-story wings set back from the main facade . The roofs of both wings are flat and sloping towards the rear of the house ; the northern wing also a pent roof , a sloped , shingled roof between the first floor and second floor windows , on the rear . The front entrance to Wheatland is sheltered by a portico supported by Tuscan order columns , while the rear entrance is on a veranda . Interior . Both of the main entrances into Wheatland open onto a T-shaped hallway . The main portion of the hall is long and wide , while the cross-hall is . It is covered with an oilcloth flooring that was decorated with geometric squares to imitate tile—painting one material to resemble another , more expensive one that was popular in the Victorian era . The original cloth was covered with a modern , red carpet up until 1990 ; it has since been overlaid with an identical , reproduction covering . On the first floor are located the parlor , the library , two dining rooms , and the kitchen . One of the dining rooms is located in the western wing , off of the hallway , and was used primarily used by the family for smaller meals like breakfast or tea . The kitchen is also in the wing , directly adjacent to the dining room . The other dining room , located in the front western side of the main house , was used only for formal dinners and as the sitting room where the men would converse after dinner . The fireplace in the room was enclosed in marble when Buchanan bought Wheatland and had a furnace installed . Across the hall , on the other side of the main house is the parlor , where the women guests would congregate after dinner . The library is located off the hallway in the east wing . The woodwork , doors , a bookcase , and a bookshelf built into the wall were grained to resemble oak . The shelves in the bookshelf no longer exist ; but , the backboard of the bookshelf is visible , as is the plaster wall made to resemble wood . Two mahogany bookcases , flanking the fireplace in the library , were furnished by Jenkins and having been sold to each successive owner by the previous one . The library was primarily used by Buchanan as the place to meet with guests . The second floor is reached by means of an elliptical stairway in the cross-hall . Embedded into the newel post at the base of the stairs is glass peace stone , symbolizing the owners peace of mind after having paid off the mortgage . The living quarters for the inhabitants of Wheatland were located on the second floor . A bathroom , complete with bathtub , shower and a bidet , was installed in the west wing when the Willsons bought Wheatland in 1884 . The third floor was primarily used as servants quarters and has been left unrestored . Grounds . Originally constituting , the grounds surrounding Wheatland were incrementally sold until only remained when it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The merger in 2009 , however , included the given to the historical society in 1934 ; the total of the two parcels is almost half of Wheatlands original property . On the grounds , behind Wheatland , stand a privy , a smokehouse , and a carriage house . A stable used to stand on the property but was replaced by the carriage house in the late 1880s ; an icehouse also no longer exists . The carriage house , today , houses meeting and reception space . Wheatland is open to the public Monday-Saturday from mid-January through mid-November , with tours available hourly . |
[
""
] | easy | William Elstob went to which school from 1687 to 1690? | /wiki/William_Elstob#P69#0 | William Elstob William Elstob ( 1673–1715 ) , was an English divine . Life . Elstob was the son of Ralph Elstob , merchant of Newcastle-upon-Tyne , and was baptised at All Saints Church , Newcastle , on 1 January 1673 . The Elstob family claimed descent from ancient Welsh kings , and had long been settled in the diocese of Durham . Elstob was educated in Newcastle and at Eton . At the age of sixteen - on the advice of his uncle and guardian , Charles Elstob , D.D. , prebendary of Canterbury from 1685 to 1721 - he was sent to Catharine Hall , Cambridge , in a station below his birth and fortune . His health also suffered when at Catherine Hall , and so he left for Queens College , Oxford , where he entered as a commoner and graduated B.A . in 1694 . He was elected fellow of University College , Oxford on 23 July 1696 , and took his M.A . degree on 8 June 1697 . Hearne says that having failed of election to All Souls as a south country man , he became a northern man , and was elected one of Skirlaws fellows at University College . In 1702 he was presented by the dean and chapter of Canterbury , presumably through his uncles influence , to the united parishes of St . Swithin and St . Mary Bothaw , London . Here he died , after a lingering illness , on 3 March 1714–15 , and was buried in the chancel of St . Swithins . He was chaplain to Bishop Nicolson of Carlisle , who in February 1713 applied for Chief Justice Parkers influence for his appointment to the preachership at Lincolns inn . Elstob was a linguist and antiquary , and especially skilled in Anglo-Saxon . He was a friend , probably a nephew , of the learned nonjuror , George Hickes , of Humphrey Wanley , Sir Andrew Fountaine , John Strype , and other men of learning . In 1701 he contributed a Latin translation of the homily of Lupus to the Dissertatio Epistolaris . Hickes wrote a preface to Elstobs Essay on the great Affinity and Mutual Agreement of the two professions of Divinity and Law , .. . in vindication of the Clergys concerning themselves in political matters . It is a defence of high-church principles . Sir Andrew Fountaine acknowledges Elstobs help in giving descriptions of Saxon coins for the tables published by him in Hickess Thesaurus . Elstob communicated to John Strype a copy of Sir John Chekes Discourse upon Plutarchs Treatise on Superstition . This had been preserved in manuscript in the library of University College , and mutilated by Obadiah Walker . Elstobs version is appended to Strypes Life of Cheke . In 1703 Elstob published a new edition ( much enlarged ) of Roger Aschams Letters . In 1709 he contributed a Latin version of the Saxon homily on the nativity of St . Gregory to the edition of the original prepared by his younger sister Elizabeth Elstob . An Anglo-Saxon book of hours , with a translation by him , is appended to Letters between Hickes and a Roman Catholic priest . He made collections for a history of Newcastle and of proper names formerly used in northern countries . He also made proposals for what was to be his great work , a new edition of the Saxon laws already published by Lombarde ( 1568 ) and Abraham Wheelocke ( 1644 ) , with many additions , comments , prefaces , and glossaries . This design was stopped by his death , and afterwards executed bv David Wilkins , Leges Anglo-Saxoniæ , etc . ( 1721 ) , who mentions Elstobs plan in his preface . Hickes also speaks of this plan in the dedication of his two volumes of posthumous sermons ( 1726 ) . Elstob prepared a version of Ælfreds Orosius , which finally came into the hands of Daines Barrington . He printed a specimen of this at Oxford in 1699 . He also published two separate sermons in 1704 on the battle of Blenheim and the anniversary of the queens accession . In Thomas Hearnes Collection of Curious Discourses by Eminent Antiquaries is a mock-heroic poem by Elstob upon the butler of University College . |
[
"Catharine Hall"
] | easy | Where was William Elstob educated from Jun 1691 to Dec 1691? | /wiki/William_Elstob#P69#1 | William Elstob William Elstob ( 1673–1715 ) , was an English divine . Life . Elstob was the son of Ralph Elstob , merchant of Newcastle-upon-Tyne , and was baptised at All Saints Church , Newcastle , on 1 January 1673 . The Elstob family claimed descent from ancient Welsh kings , and had long been settled in the diocese of Durham . Elstob was educated in Newcastle and at Eton . At the age of sixteen - on the advice of his uncle and guardian , Charles Elstob , D.D. , prebendary of Canterbury from 1685 to 1721 - he was sent to Catharine Hall , Cambridge , in a station below his birth and fortune . His health also suffered when at Catherine Hall , and so he left for Queens College , Oxford , where he entered as a commoner and graduated B.A . in 1694 . He was elected fellow of University College , Oxford on 23 July 1696 , and took his M.A . degree on 8 June 1697 . Hearne says that having failed of election to All Souls as a south country man , he became a northern man , and was elected one of Skirlaws fellows at University College . In 1702 he was presented by the dean and chapter of Canterbury , presumably through his uncles influence , to the united parishes of St . Swithin and St . Mary Bothaw , London . Here he died , after a lingering illness , on 3 March 1714–15 , and was buried in the chancel of St . Swithins . He was chaplain to Bishop Nicolson of Carlisle , who in February 1713 applied for Chief Justice Parkers influence for his appointment to the preachership at Lincolns inn . Elstob was a linguist and antiquary , and especially skilled in Anglo-Saxon . He was a friend , probably a nephew , of the learned nonjuror , George Hickes , of Humphrey Wanley , Sir Andrew Fountaine , John Strype , and other men of learning . In 1701 he contributed a Latin translation of the homily of Lupus to the Dissertatio Epistolaris . Hickes wrote a preface to Elstobs Essay on the great Affinity and Mutual Agreement of the two professions of Divinity and Law , .. . in vindication of the Clergys concerning themselves in political matters . It is a defence of high-church principles . Sir Andrew Fountaine acknowledges Elstobs help in giving descriptions of Saxon coins for the tables published by him in Hickess Thesaurus . Elstob communicated to John Strype a copy of Sir John Chekes Discourse upon Plutarchs Treatise on Superstition . This had been preserved in manuscript in the library of University College , and mutilated by Obadiah Walker . Elstobs version is appended to Strypes Life of Cheke . In 1703 Elstob published a new edition ( much enlarged ) of Roger Aschams Letters . In 1709 he contributed a Latin version of the Saxon homily on the nativity of St . Gregory to the edition of the original prepared by his younger sister Elizabeth Elstob . An Anglo-Saxon book of hours , with a translation by him , is appended to Letters between Hickes and a Roman Catholic priest . He made collections for a history of Newcastle and of proper names formerly used in northern countries . He also made proposals for what was to be his great work , a new edition of the Saxon laws already published by Lombarde ( 1568 ) and Abraham Wheelocke ( 1644 ) , with many additions , comments , prefaces , and glossaries . This design was stopped by his death , and afterwards executed bv David Wilkins , Leges Anglo-Saxoniæ , etc . ( 1721 ) , who mentions Elstobs plan in his preface . Hickes also speaks of this plan in the dedication of his two volumes of posthumous sermons ( 1726 ) . Elstob prepared a version of Ælfreds Orosius , which finally came into the hands of Daines Barrington . He printed a specimen of this at Oxford in 1699 . He also published two separate sermons in 1704 on the battle of Blenheim and the anniversary of the queens accession . In Thomas Hearnes Collection of Curious Discourses by Eminent Antiquaries is a mock-heroic poem by Elstob upon the butler of University College . |
[
"Queens College , Oxford"
] | easy | Where was William Elstob educated from Dec 1691 to 1694? | /wiki/William_Elstob#P69#2 | William Elstob William Elstob ( 1673–1715 ) , was an English divine . Life . Elstob was the son of Ralph Elstob , merchant of Newcastle-upon-Tyne , and was baptised at All Saints Church , Newcastle , on 1 January 1673 . The Elstob family claimed descent from ancient Welsh kings , and had long been settled in the diocese of Durham . Elstob was educated in Newcastle and at Eton . At the age of sixteen - on the advice of his uncle and guardian , Charles Elstob , D.D. , prebendary of Canterbury from 1685 to 1721 - he was sent to Catharine Hall , Cambridge , in a station below his birth and fortune . His health also suffered when at Catherine Hall , and so he left for Queens College , Oxford , where he entered as a commoner and graduated B.A . in 1694 . He was elected fellow of University College , Oxford on 23 July 1696 , and took his M.A . degree on 8 June 1697 . Hearne says that having failed of election to All Souls as a south country man , he became a northern man , and was elected one of Skirlaws fellows at University College . In 1702 he was presented by the dean and chapter of Canterbury , presumably through his uncles influence , to the united parishes of St . Swithin and St . Mary Bothaw , London . Here he died , after a lingering illness , on 3 March 1714–15 , and was buried in the chancel of St . Swithins . He was chaplain to Bishop Nicolson of Carlisle , who in February 1713 applied for Chief Justice Parkers influence for his appointment to the preachership at Lincolns inn . Elstob was a linguist and antiquary , and especially skilled in Anglo-Saxon . He was a friend , probably a nephew , of the learned nonjuror , George Hickes , of Humphrey Wanley , Sir Andrew Fountaine , John Strype , and other men of learning . In 1701 he contributed a Latin translation of the homily of Lupus to the Dissertatio Epistolaris . Hickes wrote a preface to Elstobs Essay on the great Affinity and Mutual Agreement of the two professions of Divinity and Law , .. . in vindication of the Clergys concerning themselves in political matters . It is a defence of high-church principles . Sir Andrew Fountaine acknowledges Elstobs help in giving descriptions of Saxon coins for the tables published by him in Hickess Thesaurus . Elstob communicated to John Strype a copy of Sir John Chekes Discourse upon Plutarchs Treatise on Superstition . This had been preserved in manuscript in the library of University College , and mutilated by Obadiah Walker . Elstobs version is appended to Strypes Life of Cheke . In 1703 Elstob published a new edition ( much enlarged ) of Roger Aschams Letters . In 1709 he contributed a Latin version of the Saxon homily on the nativity of St . Gregory to the edition of the original prepared by his younger sister Elizabeth Elstob . An Anglo-Saxon book of hours , with a translation by him , is appended to Letters between Hickes and a Roman Catholic priest . He made collections for a history of Newcastle and of proper names formerly used in northern countries . He also made proposals for what was to be his great work , a new edition of the Saxon laws already published by Lombarde ( 1568 ) and Abraham Wheelocke ( 1644 ) , with many additions , comments , prefaces , and glossaries . This design was stopped by his death , and afterwards executed bv David Wilkins , Leges Anglo-Saxoniæ , etc . ( 1721 ) , who mentions Elstobs plan in his preface . Hickes also speaks of this plan in the dedication of his two volumes of posthumous sermons ( 1726 ) . Elstob prepared a version of Ælfreds Orosius , which finally came into the hands of Daines Barrington . He printed a specimen of this at Oxford in 1699 . He also published two separate sermons in 1704 on the battle of Blenheim and the anniversary of the queens accession . In Thomas Hearnes Collection of Curious Discourses by Eminent Antiquaries is a mock-heroic poem by Elstob upon the butler of University College . |
[
"Salt Lake City Public Library"
] | easy | What was Old Hansen Planetarium used for from 1904 to 1964? | /wiki/Old_Hansen_Planetarium#P366#0 | Old Hansen Planetarium The Old Hansen Planetarium at 15 South State Street in Salt Lake City , Utah has served many functions throughout its history . Originally built in 1904 as the Salt Lake City Public Library , the building was renovated in 1965 to become the Hansen Planetarium . After the planetarium closed and was replaced by the Clark Planetarium in 2003 , the building was remodeled into the O.C . Tanner Company Flagship jewelry store , which opened in 2009 . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 . Salt Lake City Public Library . The first public library in Salt Lake City opened in 1898 and was located in the top floor of the Salt Lake City and County Building . After the library quickly outgrew the venue , the city began looking for a location to build a new library . A group of women called the Ladies Literary Society helped out by persuading the mining millionaire John Quackenbos Packard to donate land and money for the new building , which cost $100,000 at the time . The new library opened in 1905 with librarian Joanna Sprague , for whom the Sprague branch of the Salt Lake City Public Library system , also listed on the National Register of Historic Places , is now named . The building would continue to serve as the main branch library until October 1964 , when a new library building was constructed at 209 East 500 South . When the building was constructed , it was described as a combination of the Doric and Ionian styles of architecture , and would later be classified in the Beaux Arts style . It was designed by Heins & LaFarge of New York City , and the local supervising architect was Frederick A . Hale . The library was three stories tall with a two-story entrance pavilion constructed of oolite limestone and of floor space . The roof was slightly flared , and the roofline was broken by a large carved stone gable with a center arched window and four decorated pilasters . The entrance pavilions sides were curved around the spiral staircases at both ends of the entrance foyer . The pavilion was divided into three sections by four columns ; each bay contained oak double doors leading to the foyer . After going through the foyer , the main reading room is revealed . In the center of the room stood a librarians desk made of steel and topped by golden oak , the same finish of the interior of the entrance foyer . On the upper floor , the main auditorium contained seating for 350 people . Hansen Planetarium . After the new library was constructed in 1964 , Gail Plummer , professor of speech and drama at the University of Utah and chairman of the Salt Lake City Library board , expressed interest in converting the old library into a planetarium . Plummer had several conversations with Mrs . Beatrice M . Hansen , wife of the late George T . Hansen , in which Mrs . Hansen decided to fund the project . In 1965 she donated $400,000 to the city to build the planetarium in memory of her deceased husband . After Mrs . Hansens death the building was renamed the Mr . and Mrs . George T . Hansen Planetarium , Space Science Library and Museum in honor of the couple . During its operation , the planetarium attracted 20% of the population of the city and had the highest per capita attendance of any planetarium in the nation . The Hansen Planetarium continued operation until April 2003 , when it outgrew the building and was replaced by the Clark Planetarium in The Gateway . When the Hansen Planetarium occupied the building , the center doors of the entrance pavilion were replaced by a large sheet of glass , and the center part of the steps was replaced with a fountain . A mezzanine was added above the second floor in the entrance pavilion for exhibit in the planetarium . The same firm that did the original millwork for the 1904 building worked on these new additions . The local architect for the additions was Wesley Budd . A large dome was also added onto the rear wall of the building to give the planetarium extra space for its exhibits . O . C . Tanner Company . After four years of lying vacant , the O . C . Tanner Company bought the building in 2007 for $1.2 million . Before Tanner came along , two referendums to fund the empty building were rejected , but the jeweling companys clear plan got the votes it needed . The company spent two years and $24 million renovating the building , which opened in September 2009 . The company itself supplied a majority of the funds ( $13–15 million ) , and the remainder came from the community . Upon the companys purchase of the building , O.C . Tanners staff decided to try to mimic the original architecture as closely as possible . Because of this , the dome at the rear of the building was removed . Instead of simply demolishing the dome , however , it was systematically dismantled and donated to the Zions Gateway to the Stars planetarium in Orderville , Utah . Also , the front staircase was restored to its original condition by removing the fountain in the center , which , coincidentally , was donated by O . C . Tanner himself . Only three of the four walls—the sides and front—were preserved in Tanners restoration . Since the back had already been altered by the Hansen Planetarium and there were no original images of that wall from the 1905 building , Curtis Bennett , vice president of the companys retail operations , was allowed a little freedom with that design . The rear wall now consists of glass and stone , both etched with images of the buildings history . The rear wall contains the largest laser stone-carving project in the world with 18 panels covering and weighing in all . The bottom of the rear wall contains repeated images from the library in 1905 , the top contains images of a galaxy ( signifying the Hansen Planetarium ) , and the middle contains an image of the founder of the company , O.C . Tanner . The image on the glass is a dot-matrix image , but the stone imaging required a new process developed specifically for this building . Inside the building , a new limestone spiral staircase was built with a Flora Cascade chandelier hanging in the center of the spiral . The chandelier was designed by Sharon Marston and includes about 4,000 strands of fiber optics , more than 14,000 interwoven shapes made of white polymer and steel , and about 3,000 golden and amber glass leaves . Weighing and extending from the ceiling , the chandelier stretches nearly the entire height of the building . External links . - O . C . Tanner company website |
[
"Hansen Planetarium"
] | easy | What was Old Hansen Planetarium used for from 1965 to 2003? | /wiki/Old_Hansen_Planetarium#P366#1 | Old Hansen Planetarium The Old Hansen Planetarium at 15 South State Street in Salt Lake City , Utah has served many functions throughout its history . Originally built in 1904 as the Salt Lake City Public Library , the building was renovated in 1965 to become the Hansen Planetarium . After the planetarium closed and was replaced by the Clark Planetarium in 2003 , the building was remodeled into the O.C . Tanner Company Flagship jewelry store , which opened in 2009 . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 . Salt Lake City Public Library . The first public library in Salt Lake City opened in 1898 and was located in the top floor of the Salt Lake City and County Building . After the library quickly outgrew the venue , the city began looking for a location to build a new library . A group of women called the Ladies Literary Society helped out by persuading the mining millionaire John Quackenbos Packard to donate land and money for the new building , which cost $100,000 at the time . The new library opened in 1905 with librarian Joanna Sprague , for whom the Sprague branch of the Salt Lake City Public Library system , also listed on the National Register of Historic Places , is now named . The building would continue to serve as the main branch library until October 1964 , when a new library building was constructed at 209 East 500 South . When the building was constructed , it was described as a combination of the Doric and Ionian styles of architecture , and would later be classified in the Beaux Arts style . It was designed by Heins & LaFarge of New York City , and the local supervising architect was Frederick A . Hale . The library was three stories tall with a two-story entrance pavilion constructed of oolite limestone and of floor space . The roof was slightly flared , and the roofline was broken by a large carved stone gable with a center arched window and four decorated pilasters . The entrance pavilions sides were curved around the spiral staircases at both ends of the entrance foyer . The pavilion was divided into three sections by four columns ; each bay contained oak double doors leading to the foyer . After going through the foyer , the main reading room is revealed . In the center of the room stood a librarians desk made of steel and topped by golden oak , the same finish of the interior of the entrance foyer . On the upper floor , the main auditorium contained seating for 350 people . Hansen Planetarium . After the new library was constructed in 1964 , Gail Plummer , professor of speech and drama at the University of Utah and chairman of the Salt Lake City Library board , expressed interest in converting the old library into a planetarium . Plummer had several conversations with Mrs . Beatrice M . Hansen , wife of the late George T . Hansen , in which Mrs . Hansen decided to fund the project . In 1965 she donated $400,000 to the city to build the planetarium in memory of her deceased husband . After Mrs . Hansens death the building was renamed the Mr . and Mrs . George T . Hansen Planetarium , Space Science Library and Museum in honor of the couple . During its operation , the planetarium attracted 20% of the population of the city and had the highest per capita attendance of any planetarium in the nation . The Hansen Planetarium continued operation until April 2003 , when it outgrew the building and was replaced by the Clark Planetarium in The Gateway . When the Hansen Planetarium occupied the building , the center doors of the entrance pavilion were replaced by a large sheet of glass , and the center part of the steps was replaced with a fountain . A mezzanine was added above the second floor in the entrance pavilion for exhibit in the planetarium . The same firm that did the original millwork for the 1904 building worked on these new additions . The local architect for the additions was Wesley Budd . A large dome was also added onto the rear wall of the building to give the planetarium extra space for its exhibits . O . C . Tanner Company . After four years of lying vacant , the O . C . Tanner Company bought the building in 2007 for $1.2 million . Before Tanner came along , two referendums to fund the empty building were rejected , but the jeweling companys clear plan got the votes it needed . The company spent two years and $24 million renovating the building , which opened in September 2009 . The company itself supplied a majority of the funds ( $13–15 million ) , and the remainder came from the community . Upon the companys purchase of the building , O.C . Tanners staff decided to try to mimic the original architecture as closely as possible . Because of this , the dome at the rear of the building was removed . Instead of simply demolishing the dome , however , it was systematically dismantled and donated to the Zions Gateway to the Stars planetarium in Orderville , Utah . Also , the front staircase was restored to its original condition by removing the fountain in the center , which , coincidentally , was donated by O . C . Tanner himself . Only three of the four walls—the sides and front—were preserved in Tanners restoration . Since the back had already been altered by the Hansen Planetarium and there were no original images of that wall from the 1905 building , Curtis Bennett , vice president of the companys retail operations , was allowed a little freedom with that design . The rear wall now consists of glass and stone , both etched with images of the buildings history . The rear wall contains the largest laser stone-carving project in the world with 18 panels covering and weighing in all . The bottom of the rear wall contains repeated images from the library in 1905 , the top contains images of a galaxy ( signifying the Hansen Planetarium ) , and the middle contains an image of the founder of the company , O.C . Tanner . The image on the glass is a dot-matrix image , but the stone imaging required a new process developed specifically for this building . Inside the building , a new limestone spiral staircase was built with a Flora Cascade chandelier hanging in the center of the spiral . The chandelier was designed by Sharon Marston and includes about 4,000 strands of fiber optics , more than 14,000 interwoven shapes made of white polymer and steel , and about 3,000 golden and amber glass leaves . Weighing and extending from the ceiling , the chandelier stretches nearly the entire height of the building . External links . - O . C . Tanner company website |
[
""
] | easy | What was Old Hansen Planetarium used for from 2009 to 2010? | /wiki/Old_Hansen_Planetarium#P366#2 | Old Hansen Planetarium The Old Hansen Planetarium at 15 South State Street in Salt Lake City , Utah has served many functions throughout its history . Originally built in 1904 as the Salt Lake City Public Library , the building was renovated in 1965 to become the Hansen Planetarium . After the planetarium closed and was replaced by the Clark Planetarium in 2003 , the building was remodeled into the O.C . Tanner Company Flagship jewelry store , which opened in 2009 . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 . Salt Lake City Public Library . The first public library in Salt Lake City opened in 1898 and was located in the top floor of the Salt Lake City and County Building . After the library quickly outgrew the venue , the city began looking for a location to build a new library . A group of women called the Ladies Literary Society helped out by persuading the mining millionaire John Quackenbos Packard to donate land and money for the new building , which cost $100,000 at the time . The new library opened in 1905 with librarian Joanna Sprague , for whom the Sprague branch of the Salt Lake City Public Library system , also listed on the National Register of Historic Places , is now named . The building would continue to serve as the main branch library until October 1964 , when a new library building was constructed at 209 East 500 South . When the building was constructed , it was described as a combination of the Doric and Ionian styles of architecture , and would later be classified in the Beaux Arts style . It was designed by Heins & LaFarge of New York City , and the local supervising architect was Frederick A . Hale . The library was three stories tall with a two-story entrance pavilion constructed of oolite limestone and of floor space . The roof was slightly flared , and the roofline was broken by a large carved stone gable with a center arched window and four decorated pilasters . The entrance pavilions sides were curved around the spiral staircases at both ends of the entrance foyer . The pavilion was divided into three sections by four columns ; each bay contained oak double doors leading to the foyer . After going through the foyer , the main reading room is revealed . In the center of the room stood a librarians desk made of steel and topped by golden oak , the same finish of the interior of the entrance foyer . On the upper floor , the main auditorium contained seating for 350 people . Hansen Planetarium . After the new library was constructed in 1964 , Gail Plummer , professor of speech and drama at the University of Utah and chairman of the Salt Lake City Library board , expressed interest in converting the old library into a planetarium . Plummer had several conversations with Mrs . Beatrice M . Hansen , wife of the late George T . Hansen , in which Mrs . Hansen decided to fund the project . In 1965 she donated $400,000 to the city to build the planetarium in memory of her deceased husband . After Mrs . Hansens death the building was renamed the Mr . and Mrs . George T . Hansen Planetarium , Space Science Library and Museum in honor of the couple . During its operation , the planetarium attracted 20% of the population of the city and had the highest per capita attendance of any planetarium in the nation . The Hansen Planetarium continued operation until April 2003 , when it outgrew the building and was replaced by the Clark Planetarium in The Gateway . When the Hansen Planetarium occupied the building , the center doors of the entrance pavilion were replaced by a large sheet of glass , and the center part of the steps was replaced with a fountain . A mezzanine was added above the second floor in the entrance pavilion for exhibit in the planetarium . The same firm that did the original millwork for the 1904 building worked on these new additions . The local architect for the additions was Wesley Budd . A large dome was also added onto the rear wall of the building to give the planetarium extra space for its exhibits . O . C . Tanner Company . After four years of lying vacant , the O . C . Tanner Company bought the building in 2007 for $1.2 million . Before Tanner came along , two referendums to fund the empty building were rejected , but the jeweling companys clear plan got the votes it needed . The company spent two years and $24 million renovating the building , which opened in September 2009 . The company itself supplied a majority of the funds ( $13–15 million ) , and the remainder came from the community . Upon the companys purchase of the building , O.C . Tanners staff decided to try to mimic the original architecture as closely as possible . Because of this , the dome at the rear of the building was removed . Instead of simply demolishing the dome , however , it was systematically dismantled and donated to the Zions Gateway to the Stars planetarium in Orderville , Utah . Also , the front staircase was restored to its original condition by removing the fountain in the center , which , coincidentally , was donated by O . C . Tanner himself . Only three of the four walls—the sides and front—were preserved in Tanners restoration . Since the back had already been altered by the Hansen Planetarium and there were no original images of that wall from the 1905 building , Curtis Bennett , vice president of the companys retail operations , was allowed a little freedom with that design . The rear wall now consists of glass and stone , both etched with images of the buildings history . The rear wall contains the largest laser stone-carving project in the world with 18 panels covering and weighing in all . The bottom of the rear wall contains repeated images from the library in 1905 , the top contains images of a galaxy ( signifying the Hansen Planetarium ) , and the middle contains an image of the founder of the company , O.C . Tanner . The image on the glass is a dot-matrix image , but the stone imaging required a new process developed specifically for this building . Inside the building , a new limestone spiral staircase was built with a Flora Cascade chandelier hanging in the center of the spiral . The chandelier was designed by Sharon Marston and includes about 4,000 strands of fiber optics , more than 14,000 interwoven shapes made of white polymer and steel , and about 3,000 golden and amber glass leaves . Weighing and extending from the ceiling , the chandelier stretches nearly the entire height of the building . External links . - O . C . Tanner company website |
[
"Lincoln United",
"Boston United",
"Accrington"
] | easy | Which team did the player Gary King (footballer) belong to from 2008 to 2009? | /wiki/Gary_King_(footballer)#P54#0 | Gary King ( footballer ) Gary Ian King ( born 27 January 1990 ) is an English professional footballer who plays for Lincoln United . Club career . King started his journey in Lincoln Citys U9s team . He went up through the ranks for ten years . He also played for East Coast Juniors as a young kid once scored 50 goals from midfield in one season . King signed his first professional contract on 19 April 2008 . Later that day , he made his first start for Lincoln and scored against Brentford in the 39th minute of the game . Lincoln later went on to win this match 3–1 . He joined Boston United on loan on 8 January 2009 till mid-March . He joined Accrington prior to the 2009–10 season . Gary enjoyed his first goal for Accrington against the team from where he was born , Grimsby Town . On 7 June 2010 he signed for Hinckley United . On 12 November 2010 he signed non-contract terms with Louth Town , marking his debut for the club by scoring a last minute winner in the 2–1 victory at Appleby Frodingham in the Northern Counties East League Division One clash on 13 November 2010 . After two further appearances for the club , one in the league one in the cup , he moved on , joining Stamford at the beginning of December 2010 . However , with inclement weather preventing any competitive football for the club , a seven-day notice for Kings services was put in by Harrogate Town shortly before Christmas and he duly linked up with the Football Conference North club . King was released from Harrogate Town on 13 May 2011 after his contract was not renewed for the new season . In July 2011 it was announced that he had rejoined Stamford . He returned to Stamford in January 2012 On 18 February 2012 , he agreed to join Corby Town on a dual-registration deal with Grantham Town . In May 2012 , he agreed a deal to rejoin Stamford . He moved on to join Spalding United , marking his debut by scoring twice in a 2-1 FA Vase 4th Round victory at Ely City on 29 January 2013 . He returned to former club Corby Town in March 2013 , joining the club on a dual-registration deal . In August 2013 he joined Brigg Town but swiftly departed to join Grantham Town , making a goalscoring debut in the clubs opening day 2–1 defeat at Ashton United on 17 August 2013 . On 9 December 2013 , he moved on to join Coalville Town However , his spell with the club was short and he returned to Grantham Town in January 2014 . In April 2014 he was on his travels again , joining Deeping Rangers for whom he would score twice for in their 4–5 defeat to Huntingdon Town in the United Counties League Cup Final on 5 May 2014 . He agreed to join Holbeach United ahead on the 2014–15 season and , after completing a whole season with the club , agreed new terms for the 2015–16 season . In December 2015 he moved on to join Lincoln United . In January 2017 he joined Stamford but was quickly on the move again , joining Cleethorpes Town ahead of their FA Vase quarter final tie at Southall which the club would win 5–2 with King debuting as a substitute . On 18 March 2017 , his first-minute lob secured the clubs place at Wembley Stadium as they went through to the FA Vase Final with a 1–0 home victory , and 2-1 aggregate score , over Bromsgrove Sporting . He joined Spalding United for a second spell in May 2017 , remaining with the club until the beginning of November 2018 . In January 2019 , he rejoined Lincoln United , debuting in the clubs 5–0 defeat at Marske United on 19 January 2019 . External links . - Lincoln City F.C . Official Archive Profile - Unofficial Gary King Profile at The Forgotten Imp |
[
"Boston United",
"Accrington",
"Louth Town"
] | easy | Gary King (footballer) played for which team from 2009 to 2010? | /wiki/Gary_King_(footballer)#P54#1 | Gary King ( footballer ) Gary Ian King ( born 27 January 1990 ) is an English professional footballer who plays for Lincoln United . Club career . King started his journey in Lincoln Citys U9s team . He went up through the ranks for ten years . He also played for East Coast Juniors as a young kid once scored 50 goals from midfield in one season . King signed his first professional contract on 19 April 2008 . Later that day , he made his first start for Lincoln and scored against Brentford in the 39th minute of the game . Lincoln later went on to win this match 3–1 . He joined Boston United on loan on 8 January 2009 till mid-March . He joined Accrington prior to the 2009–10 season . Gary enjoyed his first goal for Accrington against the team from where he was born , Grimsby Town . On 7 June 2010 he signed for Hinckley United . On 12 November 2010 he signed non-contract terms with Louth Town , marking his debut for the club by scoring a last minute winner in the 2–1 victory at Appleby Frodingham in the Northern Counties East League Division One clash on 13 November 2010 . After two further appearances for the club , one in the league one in the cup , he moved on , joining Stamford at the beginning of December 2010 . However , with inclement weather preventing any competitive football for the club , a seven-day notice for Kings services was put in by Harrogate Town shortly before Christmas and he duly linked up with the Football Conference North club . King was released from Harrogate Town on 13 May 2011 after his contract was not renewed for the new season . In July 2011 it was announced that he had rejoined Stamford . He returned to Stamford in January 2012 On 18 February 2012 , he agreed to join Corby Town on a dual-registration deal with Grantham Town . In May 2012 , he agreed a deal to rejoin Stamford . He moved on to join Spalding United , marking his debut by scoring twice in a 2-1 FA Vase 4th Round victory at Ely City on 29 January 2013 . He returned to former club Corby Town in March 2013 , joining the club on a dual-registration deal . In August 2013 he joined Brigg Town but swiftly departed to join Grantham Town , making a goalscoring debut in the clubs opening day 2–1 defeat at Ashton United on 17 August 2013 . On 9 December 2013 , he moved on to join Coalville Town However , his spell with the club was short and he returned to Grantham Town in January 2014 . In April 2014 he was on his travels again , joining Deeping Rangers for whom he would score twice for in their 4–5 defeat to Huntingdon Town in the United Counties League Cup Final on 5 May 2014 . He agreed to join Holbeach United ahead on the 2014–15 season and , after completing a whole season with the club , agreed new terms for the 2015–16 season . In December 2015 he moved on to join Lincoln United . In January 2017 he joined Stamford but was quickly on the move again , joining Cleethorpes Town ahead of their FA Vase quarter final tie at Southall which the club would win 5–2 with King debuting as a substitute . On 18 March 2017 , his first-minute lob secured the clubs place at Wembley Stadium as they went through to the FA Vase Final with a 1–0 home victory , and 2-1 aggregate score , over Bromsgrove Sporting . He joined Spalding United for a second spell in May 2017 , remaining with the club until the beginning of November 2018 . In January 2019 , he rejoined Lincoln United , debuting in the clubs 5–0 defeat at Marske United on 19 January 2019 . External links . - Lincoln City F.C . Official Archive Profile - Unofficial Gary King Profile at The Forgotten Imp |
[
"Stamford",
"Harrogate Town"
] | easy | Which team did Gary King (footballer) play for from 2011 to 2012? | /wiki/Gary_King_(footballer)#P54#2 | Gary King ( footballer ) Gary Ian King ( born 27 January 1990 ) is an English professional footballer who plays for Lincoln United . Club career . King started his journey in Lincoln Citys U9s team . He went up through the ranks for ten years . He also played for East Coast Juniors as a young kid once scored 50 goals from midfield in one season . King signed his first professional contract on 19 April 2008 . Later that day , he made his first start for Lincoln and scored against Brentford in the 39th minute of the game . Lincoln later went on to win this match 3–1 . He joined Boston United on loan on 8 January 2009 till mid-March . He joined Accrington prior to the 2009–10 season . Gary enjoyed his first goal for Accrington against the team from where he was born , Grimsby Town . On 7 June 2010 he signed for Hinckley United . On 12 November 2010 he signed non-contract terms with Louth Town , marking his debut for the club by scoring a last minute winner in the 2–1 victory at Appleby Frodingham in the Northern Counties East League Division One clash on 13 November 2010 . After two further appearances for the club , one in the league one in the cup , he moved on , joining Stamford at the beginning of December 2010 . However , with inclement weather preventing any competitive football for the club , a seven-day notice for Kings services was put in by Harrogate Town shortly before Christmas and he duly linked up with the Football Conference North club . King was released from Harrogate Town on 13 May 2011 after his contract was not renewed for the new season . In July 2011 it was announced that he had rejoined Stamford . He returned to Stamford in January 2012 On 18 February 2012 , he agreed to join Corby Town on a dual-registration deal with Grantham Town . In May 2012 , he agreed a deal to rejoin Stamford . He moved on to join Spalding United , marking his debut by scoring twice in a 2-1 FA Vase 4th Round victory at Ely City on 29 January 2013 . He returned to former club Corby Town in March 2013 , joining the club on a dual-registration deal . In August 2013 he joined Brigg Town but swiftly departed to join Grantham Town , making a goalscoring debut in the clubs opening day 2–1 defeat at Ashton United on 17 August 2013 . On 9 December 2013 , he moved on to join Coalville Town However , his spell with the club was short and he returned to Grantham Town in January 2014 . In April 2014 he was on his travels again , joining Deeping Rangers for whom he would score twice for in their 4–5 defeat to Huntingdon Town in the United Counties League Cup Final on 5 May 2014 . He agreed to join Holbeach United ahead on the 2014–15 season and , after completing a whole season with the club , agreed new terms for the 2015–16 season . In December 2015 he moved on to join Lincoln United . In January 2017 he joined Stamford but was quickly on the move again , joining Cleethorpes Town ahead of their FA Vase quarter final tie at Southall which the club would win 5–2 with King debuting as a substitute . On 18 March 2017 , his first-minute lob secured the clubs place at Wembley Stadium as they went through to the FA Vase Final with a 1–0 home victory , and 2-1 aggregate score , over Bromsgrove Sporting . He joined Spalding United for a second spell in May 2017 , remaining with the club until the beginning of November 2018 . In January 2019 , he rejoined Lincoln United , debuting in the clubs 5–0 defeat at Marske United on 19 January 2019 . External links . - Lincoln City F.C . Official Archive Profile - Unofficial Gary King Profile at The Forgotten Imp |
[
"FC Montana"
] | easy | Stiliyan Petrov played for which team from 1995 to 1996? | /wiki/Stiliyan_Petrov#P54#0 | Stiliyan Petrov Stiliyan Alyoshev Petrov ( Bulgarian : Стилиян Альошев Петров , born 5 July 1979 ) is a Bulgarian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder . Petrov joined Celtic from CSKA Sofia in 1999 , and won ten trophies in his time at Celtic Park , including four Scottish Premier League titles . In 2006 , he moved to Aston Villa in the Premier League , along with his former manager Martin ONeill . Petrov became club captain at Villa Park , and was an inductee to the Aston Villa Hall of Fame in 2013 . In addition he is Bulgarias all-time most-capped player with 105 appearances for the side . In March 2012 , Petrov was diagnosed with acute leukaemia , suspending his football career to undergo treatment which was ultimately successful . He announced his retirement from the game in May 2013 , but began searching for a new team three years later . During the summer of 2016 , Petrov trained with former club Aston Villa . He played during pre-season matches but was not offered a playing contract by manager Roberto Di Matteo . Club career . Early career . Born in Montana , Petrov started to play football in the local team FC Montana . At the age of 18 he was spotted by scout and coach Dimitar Penev and signed with CSKA Sofia for fee of €30,000 . With his new club , he won the Bulgarian Championship in 1997 and the national cup in 1997 and 1999 . Celtic . Petrov was signed in the summer of 1999 by John Barnes for a fee of £2.8 million . The teenager featured prominently in a season where he won the League Cup with Celtic , his second major honour and the first of many with Celtic . Despite the happy end to the season Petrov had a very hard time starting with the club . He was homesick and lonely at the start , and could not speak English . This was made worse by the manager playing him out of position at right back . Eventually , he improved his English by working in a friends burger van . This hard work and determination to fit in showed in his performances for the club . After a good first season with Celtic he enjoyed a brilliant second season under Martin ONeills treble winning side , becoming a regular scorer netting 7 league goals in 28 appearances , one of which was in Celtics 6–2 victory over Rangers . He also became the first foreign player to win the SPFA Young Player of the Year award . However he missed the end of the season after breaking his leg in a league game against St Johnstone and missed both the Scottish League Cup and Scottish Cup finals as a result . The following season , 2001–02 , Petrov made his return from injury against Dunfermline Athletic in September , and then really came into form for Celtic , being described as a dynamic , hardworking box-to-box midfielder , and winning his second SPL medal . In his fourth season with Celtic , Petrov continued his good form and was being linked to some of the top clubs in Europe but after protracted contract talks he eventually agreed a new deal with Celtic . This was his highest ever goalscoring season , netting 14 in 50 appearances . He also got to the only European final of his career , getting a runners up medal in the Uefa Cup . In his next two seasons for Celtic he continued to be an essential player making 105 appearances and scoring 19 goals . He won the Scottish Cup twice in this time ( scoring in the 2004 final ) along with his third SPL medal . The 2004–05 season was Martin ONeills last at Celtic , although Stiliyan Petrov would later join him at Aston Villa . The 04/05 season also saw Petrov becoming the third player to win the Celtic Player of The Year award . The 2005–06 season was a time of great change for Celtic . Martin ONeill , the clubs most successful manager in 20 years , left and new manager Gordon Strachan came in . Things started badly for Celtic as they lost 5–0 to Slovakian minnows Artmedia Bratislava in Strachans first match . Celtic then managed to throw away a 3–1 lead over Motherwell to draw Strachans first league match 4–4 , although Petrov later helped Celtic exact revenge over the Fir Park side by scoring his first hat-trick in a 5–0 demolition in October that year . Celtic overcame their bad start to the campaign to win the SPL and League Cup double . The 2005–06 season proved to be his last at Celtic as he re-united with former manager Martin ONeill at Aston Villa for a fee of £6.5 million rising to £8 million after clauses . This was after a long transfer saga in which Stiliyan Petrov was linked to almost every mid-table side in England . He only made 3 appearances for Celtic before leaving in the summer transfer window . In all , Petrov made 312 appearances for Celtic over seven years , scoring 55 goals . He won the SPL four times and also won both the Scottish and Scottish League Cup 3 times each . He was the tenth most prolific goalscorer in the SPL ( 55 goals ) when he left Celtic . Aston Villa . In April 2006 , Celtic rejected a written transfer request submitted by Petrov . He was subsequently linked with a transfer to move to Aston Villa who were managed by former Celtic boss Martin ONeill . On 30 August 2006 , Petrov completed his move to Villa Park on a four-year deal worth £6.5 million , becoming ONeills first signing for Villa . His debut was against West Ham United on 10 September . The game finished 1–1 . In 2007 , Petrov changed his shirt number from 11 to 19 . Petrov scored his first Villa goal in a 2–2 draw against Sheffield United on 11 December 2006 , but suffered patchy form throughout his first two seasons at the club . He scored a volley from near the halfway line against already relegated Derby County on 12 April 2008 . This was his first goal of the season and Villa won 6–0 . This goal was marked as a possible candidate for goal of the season . It was also confirmed to be the furthest out recorded goal by an Aston Villa player since the club was formed . The 2008–09 season saw Petrovs form improved considerably as he became a first team regular , starting Villas six Premier League games in a row . He was named captain for the first time in the UEFA Cup game against the Bulgarian Litex Lovech on 2 October 2008 and also scored one of the goals in the game . In May 2009 , Petrov was named both Aston Villas supporters Player of the Year and Players Player of the Year for the 2008–09 season , after his notable consistency in midfield throughout the season . On 20 May 2009 he signed a new four-year deal that is set to keep him at the club until 2013 . Following the retirement of captain Martin Laursen , Petrov stated that leading a great club with a long tradition and history would be a great honour . Petrov became Villa captain in the summer of 2009 and led the team to sixth place in the Premier league , the semi-finals of the FA Cup and the final of the League Cup in his first season holding the armband . Petrov continued to retain the Villa captaincy after the appointment of Gérard Houllier as manager of the club . On 23 October 2010 , he sustained a knee injury in the 1–0 away loss against Sunderland at the Stadium of Light . On 26 December 2010 , Petrov returned to first team action , coming on as a second-half substitute for Jonathan Hogg in the 2–1 defeat against Tottenham Hotspur at Villa Park . On 26 February 2011 , Petrov made his 150th premier league appearance for Aston Villa at Villa Park , when he came on as a second-half substitute in the 76th minute for Robert Pires in the 4–1 win over Blackburn Rovers . On 10 September 2011 , Petrov scored his first goal of the season away at Everton . On 29 October 2011 , Petrov made his 200th appearance for Aston Villa in the Premier League clash with Sunderland , and scored the opening goal in a 2–2 draw . Career break due to leukaemia . Petrov announced his retirement from football on 9 May 2013 , due to his leukaemia . On 26 May 2013 , footballers who had represented the Bulgaria national side ( including Hristo Stoichkov , Dimitar Berbatov and Nasko Sirakov ) won 4–2 against a selection that featured Aston Villa veterans like Mark Kinsella and Bryan Small in an exhibition game that took place at the Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia and had been organised to honour Petrovs achievements . In October 2014 , Petrov began playing again for his local Sunday League Over-35s side Wychall Wanderers who were managed by former Coventry City player David Busst . In March 2015 , he rejoined Aston Villa in a coaching role . In April 2016 Petrov revealed he was training with Villas Under-21 side with a view to returning to the professional game . In June it was announced that he would be training with the first team during their pre-season tour of Austria , on a non-contractual basis . On 9 July 2016 Petrov played his first game with the Aston Villa first team since his illness , taking part in an 8–0 friendly victory over local Austrian team GAK . International career . Stilyan Petrov made his debut as a 52nd minute substitute for Bulgaria on 24 December 1998 in a friendly match against Morocco . The match was played in Agadir , Morocco and finished with a 4–1 win for the North Africans . He scored his first goal ( 80th minute ) for the national side in another friendly match against Belarus ( 4–1 ) on 29 March 2000 . In 2003 , he won the Bulgarian Footballer of the Year award , when he was playing for Celtic and he captained the national team at Euro 2004 where he was sent off during a match against Denmark . On 12 October 2006 Petrov , then captain of Bulgaria , announced his decision to retire from international football at the age of 27 as long as Hristo Stoichkov manages the Bulgaria national team . However , on 20 March 2007 he made amends with Hristo Stoichkov and made himself available for selection again . However , he did not recover his position as national captain because it was decided that Dimitar Berbatov would retain the captains armband . On 14 January 2010 , it was announced that Petrov had come second in Bulgarias Player of the Year . Petrov was renamed captain of the Bulgarian side again following the retirement of Berbatov from international football in 2010 . On 26 March 2011 , Petrov earned his 100th cap for Bulgaria in the 0–0 home draw with Switzerland in a Euro 2012 qualifier . He received a flower bouquet from Borislav Mikhailov and was applauded by the spectators prior to the start of the match . During his career Petrov was chosen as Bulgarian Footballer of the Year in 2003 . He placed second in 2000 , 2001 , 2005 , 2009 and 2011 , and third in 2002 and 2006 . Personal life . In 2005 , Petrov wrote his autobiography with the assistance of Sunday Mail sports journalist Mark Guidi entitled You Can Call Me Stan , in reference to his nickname Stan , a shortened form of his given name . In the book , he describes how Stiliyan is the correct spelling , rather than Stilian , as it is sometimes spelled in the press . Stiliyan is married to his wife Paulina and they have 2 sons , Kristiyan and Stiliyan Jr . Leukaemia . On 30 March 2012 , Petrov was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia . The condition was diagnosed following tests after Petrov developed a fever following Aston Villas 3–0 defeat to Arsenal . Because of this , Petrov told Bulgarian press that he planned to retire from club and international football ; his agent later denied any reports of retirement : It is not true that Stiliyan has said he is retiring from football . What he did say was that he was fighting for his life and that he will fight to recover . He visited Villa Park for the match against Chelsea and in the 19th minute , the number of his shirt , the crowd gave him an ovation . The tribute caught the imagination of fans , and home and away fans repeated the ovation at every Villa game that season . On 10 June 2012 , Aston Villa manager Paul Lambert announced that Petrov would remain Aston Villas club captain for the 2012–13 season . In his absence the team captaincy was taken over by Dutch defender Ron Vlaar . On his 33rd birthday , Petrov visited his teammates on the first day of their pre season training , and was presented with a cake by the players , who sang happy birthday to him and gave him a round of applause . On 2 August 2012 , it was announced that Petrovs leukaemia was in remission . Petrov announced his retirement from football on 9 May 2013 , and led his family out on the Villa Park pitch for a lap of honour , to applaud the Villa fans who supported him during his illness , on the final day of the 2012–13 season . Coaching . On 22 May 2013 , shortly after announcing his retirement from playing , Aston Villa announced that Petrov would take on a new role at the club as assistant of the Youth Development squad , working alongside Gordon Cowans . Talking about his new role Petrov said ″Im very excited by this new challenge and I wish to thank the Club and the manager , Paul Lambert , for giving me the opportunity to continue my association with Villa , which I have always regarded as a privilege . I will study for my coaching badges over the coming months and I am looking forward very much to working with Gordon Cowans , someone I know and respect , a true Villa legend.″ As of August 2013 , Petrov was no longer part of the Villa coaching team . The Club announced his resignation and explained that he had requested time off as he felt he had to be fully devoted to his family . Petrov expressed gratitude to the club for the opportunity . On 5 March 2015 , Aston Villa Manager Tim Sherwood announced that Petrov would return to the Aston Villa backroom team and will help coach the First Team . Television . On 11 December 2014 , Petrov appeared as a special guest on the eighth episode of the ninth series of Russell Howards Good News . Honours . Club . CSKA Sofia - Bulgarian Championship : 1996–97 - Bulgarian Cup : 1996–97 , 1998–99 Celtic - Scottish Premier League : 2000–01 , 2001–02 , 2003–04 , 2005–06 - Scottish Cup : 2000–01 , 2003–04 , 2004–05 - Scottish League Cup : 1999–2000 , 2000–01 , 2005–06 - UEFA Cup runner-up : 2002–03 Wychall Wanderers - Central Warwickshire Over-35s Premier Division One Cup Individual . - SPFA Young Player of the Year : 2000–01 - Celtic Player of The Year : 2004–05 - Aston Villa Players Player of the Year : 2008–09 , 2011–12 - Aston Villa Supporters Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Inductee in Aston Villa Hall of Fame : 2013 - Bulgarias Player of the year : 2002–03 External links . - Aston Villa Official Website Profile - FootballDatabase provides Stilian Petrovs profile and stats |
[
"CSKA Sofia"
] | easy | Which team did Stiliyan Petrov play for from 1996 to 1999? | /wiki/Stiliyan_Petrov#P54#1 | Stiliyan Petrov Stiliyan Alyoshev Petrov ( Bulgarian : Стилиян Альошев Петров , born 5 July 1979 ) is a Bulgarian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder . Petrov joined Celtic from CSKA Sofia in 1999 , and won ten trophies in his time at Celtic Park , including four Scottish Premier League titles . In 2006 , he moved to Aston Villa in the Premier League , along with his former manager Martin ONeill . Petrov became club captain at Villa Park , and was an inductee to the Aston Villa Hall of Fame in 2013 . In addition he is Bulgarias all-time most-capped player with 105 appearances for the side . In March 2012 , Petrov was diagnosed with acute leukaemia , suspending his football career to undergo treatment which was ultimately successful . He announced his retirement from the game in May 2013 , but began searching for a new team three years later . During the summer of 2016 , Petrov trained with former club Aston Villa . He played during pre-season matches but was not offered a playing contract by manager Roberto Di Matteo . Club career . Early career . Born in Montana , Petrov started to play football in the local team FC Montana . At the age of 18 he was spotted by scout and coach Dimitar Penev and signed with CSKA Sofia for fee of €30,000 . With his new club , he won the Bulgarian Championship in 1997 and the national cup in 1997 and 1999 . Celtic . Petrov was signed in the summer of 1999 by John Barnes for a fee of £2.8 million . The teenager featured prominently in a season where he won the League Cup with Celtic , his second major honour and the first of many with Celtic . Despite the happy end to the season Petrov had a very hard time starting with the club . He was homesick and lonely at the start , and could not speak English . This was made worse by the manager playing him out of position at right back . Eventually , he improved his English by working in a friends burger van . This hard work and determination to fit in showed in his performances for the club . After a good first season with Celtic he enjoyed a brilliant second season under Martin ONeills treble winning side , becoming a regular scorer netting 7 league goals in 28 appearances , one of which was in Celtics 6–2 victory over Rangers . He also became the first foreign player to win the SPFA Young Player of the Year award . However he missed the end of the season after breaking his leg in a league game against St Johnstone and missed both the Scottish League Cup and Scottish Cup finals as a result . The following season , 2001–02 , Petrov made his return from injury against Dunfermline Athletic in September , and then really came into form for Celtic , being described as a dynamic , hardworking box-to-box midfielder , and winning his second SPL medal . In his fourth season with Celtic , Petrov continued his good form and was being linked to some of the top clubs in Europe but after protracted contract talks he eventually agreed a new deal with Celtic . This was his highest ever goalscoring season , netting 14 in 50 appearances . He also got to the only European final of his career , getting a runners up medal in the Uefa Cup . In his next two seasons for Celtic he continued to be an essential player making 105 appearances and scoring 19 goals . He won the Scottish Cup twice in this time ( scoring in the 2004 final ) along with his third SPL medal . The 2004–05 season was Martin ONeills last at Celtic , although Stiliyan Petrov would later join him at Aston Villa . The 04/05 season also saw Petrov becoming the third player to win the Celtic Player of The Year award . The 2005–06 season was a time of great change for Celtic . Martin ONeill , the clubs most successful manager in 20 years , left and new manager Gordon Strachan came in . Things started badly for Celtic as they lost 5–0 to Slovakian minnows Artmedia Bratislava in Strachans first match . Celtic then managed to throw away a 3–1 lead over Motherwell to draw Strachans first league match 4–4 , although Petrov later helped Celtic exact revenge over the Fir Park side by scoring his first hat-trick in a 5–0 demolition in October that year . Celtic overcame their bad start to the campaign to win the SPL and League Cup double . The 2005–06 season proved to be his last at Celtic as he re-united with former manager Martin ONeill at Aston Villa for a fee of £6.5 million rising to £8 million after clauses . This was after a long transfer saga in which Stiliyan Petrov was linked to almost every mid-table side in England . He only made 3 appearances for Celtic before leaving in the summer transfer window . In all , Petrov made 312 appearances for Celtic over seven years , scoring 55 goals . He won the SPL four times and also won both the Scottish and Scottish League Cup 3 times each . He was the tenth most prolific goalscorer in the SPL ( 55 goals ) when he left Celtic . Aston Villa . In April 2006 , Celtic rejected a written transfer request submitted by Petrov . He was subsequently linked with a transfer to move to Aston Villa who were managed by former Celtic boss Martin ONeill . On 30 August 2006 , Petrov completed his move to Villa Park on a four-year deal worth £6.5 million , becoming ONeills first signing for Villa . His debut was against West Ham United on 10 September . The game finished 1–1 . In 2007 , Petrov changed his shirt number from 11 to 19 . Petrov scored his first Villa goal in a 2–2 draw against Sheffield United on 11 December 2006 , but suffered patchy form throughout his first two seasons at the club . He scored a volley from near the halfway line against already relegated Derby County on 12 April 2008 . This was his first goal of the season and Villa won 6–0 . This goal was marked as a possible candidate for goal of the season . It was also confirmed to be the furthest out recorded goal by an Aston Villa player since the club was formed . The 2008–09 season saw Petrovs form improved considerably as he became a first team regular , starting Villas six Premier League games in a row . He was named captain for the first time in the UEFA Cup game against the Bulgarian Litex Lovech on 2 October 2008 and also scored one of the goals in the game . In May 2009 , Petrov was named both Aston Villas supporters Player of the Year and Players Player of the Year for the 2008–09 season , after his notable consistency in midfield throughout the season . On 20 May 2009 he signed a new four-year deal that is set to keep him at the club until 2013 . Following the retirement of captain Martin Laursen , Petrov stated that leading a great club with a long tradition and history would be a great honour . Petrov became Villa captain in the summer of 2009 and led the team to sixth place in the Premier league , the semi-finals of the FA Cup and the final of the League Cup in his first season holding the armband . Petrov continued to retain the Villa captaincy after the appointment of Gérard Houllier as manager of the club . On 23 October 2010 , he sustained a knee injury in the 1–0 away loss against Sunderland at the Stadium of Light . On 26 December 2010 , Petrov returned to first team action , coming on as a second-half substitute for Jonathan Hogg in the 2–1 defeat against Tottenham Hotspur at Villa Park . On 26 February 2011 , Petrov made his 150th premier league appearance for Aston Villa at Villa Park , when he came on as a second-half substitute in the 76th minute for Robert Pires in the 4–1 win over Blackburn Rovers . On 10 September 2011 , Petrov scored his first goal of the season away at Everton . On 29 October 2011 , Petrov made his 200th appearance for Aston Villa in the Premier League clash with Sunderland , and scored the opening goal in a 2–2 draw . Career break due to leukaemia . Petrov announced his retirement from football on 9 May 2013 , due to his leukaemia . On 26 May 2013 , footballers who had represented the Bulgaria national side ( including Hristo Stoichkov , Dimitar Berbatov and Nasko Sirakov ) won 4–2 against a selection that featured Aston Villa veterans like Mark Kinsella and Bryan Small in an exhibition game that took place at the Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia and had been organised to honour Petrovs achievements . In October 2014 , Petrov began playing again for his local Sunday League Over-35s side Wychall Wanderers who were managed by former Coventry City player David Busst . In March 2015 , he rejoined Aston Villa in a coaching role . In April 2016 Petrov revealed he was training with Villas Under-21 side with a view to returning to the professional game . In June it was announced that he would be training with the first team during their pre-season tour of Austria , on a non-contractual basis . On 9 July 2016 Petrov played his first game with the Aston Villa first team since his illness , taking part in an 8–0 friendly victory over local Austrian team GAK . International career . Stilyan Petrov made his debut as a 52nd minute substitute for Bulgaria on 24 December 1998 in a friendly match against Morocco . The match was played in Agadir , Morocco and finished with a 4–1 win for the North Africans . He scored his first goal ( 80th minute ) for the national side in another friendly match against Belarus ( 4–1 ) on 29 March 2000 . In 2003 , he won the Bulgarian Footballer of the Year award , when he was playing for Celtic and he captained the national team at Euro 2004 where he was sent off during a match against Denmark . On 12 October 2006 Petrov , then captain of Bulgaria , announced his decision to retire from international football at the age of 27 as long as Hristo Stoichkov manages the Bulgaria national team . However , on 20 March 2007 he made amends with Hristo Stoichkov and made himself available for selection again . However , he did not recover his position as national captain because it was decided that Dimitar Berbatov would retain the captains armband . On 14 January 2010 , it was announced that Petrov had come second in Bulgarias Player of the Year . Petrov was renamed captain of the Bulgarian side again following the retirement of Berbatov from international football in 2010 . On 26 March 2011 , Petrov earned his 100th cap for Bulgaria in the 0–0 home draw with Switzerland in a Euro 2012 qualifier . He received a flower bouquet from Borislav Mikhailov and was applauded by the spectators prior to the start of the match . During his career Petrov was chosen as Bulgarian Footballer of the Year in 2003 . He placed second in 2000 , 2001 , 2005 , 2009 and 2011 , and third in 2002 and 2006 . Personal life . In 2005 , Petrov wrote his autobiography with the assistance of Sunday Mail sports journalist Mark Guidi entitled You Can Call Me Stan , in reference to his nickname Stan , a shortened form of his given name . In the book , he describes how Stiliyan is the correct spelling , rather than Stilian , as it is sometimes spelled in the press . Stiliyan is married to his wife Paulina and they have 2 sons , Kristiyan and Stiliyan Jr . Leukaemia . On 30 March 2012 , Petrov was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia . The condition was diagnosed following tests after Petrov developed a fever following Aston Villas 3–0 defeat to Arsenal . Because of this , Petrov told Bulgarian press that he planned to retire from club and international football ; his agent later denied any reports of retirement : It is not true that Stiliyan has said he is retiring from football . What he did say was that he was fighting for his life and that he will fight to recover . He visited Villa Park for the match against Chelsea and in the 19th minute , the number of his shirt , the crowd gave him an ovation . The tribute caught the imagination of fans , and home and away fans repeated the ovation at every Villa game that season . On 10 June 2012 , Aston Villa manager Paul Lambert announced that Petrov would remain Aston Villas club captain for the 2012–13 season . In his absence the team captaincy was taken over by Dutch defender Ron Vlaar . On his 33rd birthday , Petrov visited his teammates on the first day of their pre season training , and was presented with a cake by the players , who sang happy birthday to him and gave him a round of applause . On 2 August 2012 , it was announced that Petrovs leukaemia was in remission . Petrov announced his retirement from football on 9 May 2013 , and led his family out on the Villa Park pitch for a lap of honour , to applaud the Villa fans who supported him during his illness , on the final day of the 2012–13 season . Coaching . On 22 May 2013 , shortly after announcing his retirement from playing , Aston Villa announced that Petrov would take on a new role at the club as assistant of the Youth Development squad , working alongside Gordon Cowans . Talking about his new role Petrov said ″Im very excited by this new challenge and I wish to thank the Club and the manager , Paul Lambert , for giving me the opportunity to continue my association with Villa , which I have always regarded as a privilege . I will study for my coaching badges over the coming months and I am looking forward very much to working with Gordon Cowans , someone I know and respect , a true Villa legend.″ As of August 2013 , Petrov was no longer part of the Villa coaching team . The Club announced his resignation and explained that he had requested time off as he felt he had to be fully devoted to his family . Petrov expressed gratitude to the club for the opportunity . On 5 March 2015 , Aston Villa Manager Tim Sherwood announced that Petrov would return to the Aston Villa backroom team and will help coach the First Team . Television . On 11 December 2014 , Petrov appeared as a special guest on the eighth episode of the ninth series of Russell Howards Good News . Honours . Club . CSKA Sofia - Bulgarian Championship : 1996–97 - Bulgarian Cup : 1996–97 , 1998–99 Celtic - Scottish Premier League : 2000–01 , 2001–02 , 2003–04 , 2005–06 - Scottish Cup : 2000–01 , 2003–04 , 2004–05 - Scottish League Cup : 1999–2000 , 2000–01 , 2005–06 - UEFA Cup runner-up : 2002–03 Wychall Wanderers - Central Warwickshire Over-35s Premier Division One Cup Individual . - SPFA Young Player of the Year : 2000–01 - Celtic Player of The Year : 2004–05 - Aston Villa Players Player of the Year : 2008–09 , 2011–12 - Aston Villa Supporters Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Inductee in Aston Villa Hall of Fame : 2013 - Bulgarias Player of the year : 2002–03 External links . - Aston Villa Official Website Profile - FootballDatabase provides Stilian Petrovs profile and stats |
[
"Celtic"
] | easy | Which team did the player Stiliyan Petrov belong to from 1999 to 2006? | /wiki/Stiliyan_Petrov#P54#2 | Stiliyan Petrov Stiliyan Alyoshev Petrov ( Bulgarian : Стилиян Альошев Петров , born 5 July 1979 ) is a Bulgarian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder . Petrov joined Celtic from CSKA Sofia in 1999 , and won ten trophies in his time at Celtic Park , including four Scottish Premier League titles . In 2006 , he moved to Aston Villa in the Premier League , along with his former manager Martin ONeill . Petrov became club captain at Villa Park , and was an inductee to the Aston Villa Hall of Fame in 2013 . In addition he is Bulgarias all-time most-capped player with 105 appearances for the side . In March 2012 , Petrov was diagnosed with acute leukaemia , suspending his football career to undergo treatment which was ultimately successful . He announced his retirement from the game in May 2013 , but began searching for a new team three years later . During the summer of 2016 , Petrov trained with former club Aston Villa . He played during pre-season matches but was not offered a playing contract by manager Roberto Di Matteo . Club career . Early career . Born in Montana , Petrov started to play football in the local team FC Montana . At the age of 18 he was spotted by scout and coach Dimitar Penev and signed with CSKA Sofia for fee of €30,000 . With his new club , he won the Bulgarian Championship in 1997 and the national cup in 1997 and 1999 . Celtic . Petrov was signed in the summer of 1999 by John Barnes for a fee of £2.8 million . The teenager featured prominently in a season where he won the League Cup with Celtic , his second major honour and the first of many with Celtic . Despite the happy end to the season Petrov had a very hard time starting with the club . He was homesick and lonely at the start , and could not speak English . This was made worse by the manager playing him out of position at right back . Eventually , he improved his English by working in a friends burger van . This hard work and determination to fit in showed in his performances for the club . After a good first season with Celtic he enjoyed a brilliant second season under Martin ONeills treble winning side , becoming a regular scorer netting 7 league goals in 28 appearances , one of which was in Celtics 6–2 victory over Rangers . He also became the first foreign player to win the SPFA Young Player of the Year award . However he missed the end of the season after breaking his leg in a league game against St Johnstone and missed both the Scottish League Cup and Scottish Cup finals as a result . The following season , 2001–02 , Petrov made his return from injury against Dunfermline Athletic in September , and then really came into form for Celtic , being described as a dynamic , hardworking box-to-box midfielder , and winning his second SPL medal . In his fourth season with Celtic , Petrov continued his good form and was being linked to some of the top clubs in Europe but after protracted contract talks he eventually agreed a new deal with Celtic . This was his highest ever goalscoring season , netting 14 in 50 appearances . He also got to the only European final of his career , getting a runners up medal in the Uefa Cup . In his next two seasons for Celtic he continued to be an essential player making 105 appearances and scoring 19 goals . He won the Scottish Cup twice in this time ( scoring in the 2004 final ) along with his third SPL medal . The 2004–05 season was Martin ONeills last at Celtic , although Stiliyan Petrov would later join him at Aston Villa . The 04/05 season also saw Petrov becoming the third player to win the Celtic Player of The Year award . The 2005–06 season was a time of great change for Celtic . Martin ONeill , the clubs most successful manager in 20 years , left and new manager Gordon Strachan came in . Things started badly for Celtic as they lost 5–0 to Slovakian minnows Artmedia Bratislava in Strachans first match . Celtic then managed to throw away a 3–1 lead over Motherwell to draw Strachans first league match 4–4 , although Petrov later helped Celtic exact revenge over the Fir Park side by scoring his first hat-trick in a 5–0 demolition in October that year . Celtic overcame their bad start to the campaign to win the SPL and League Cup double . The 2005–06 season proved to be his last at Celtic as he re-united with former manager Martin ONeill at Aston Villa for a fee of £6.5 million rising to £8 million after clauses . This was after a long transfer saga in which Stiliyan Petrov was linked to almost every mid-table side in England . He only made 3 appearances for Celtic before leaving in the summer transfer window . In all , Petrov made 312 appearances for Celtic over seven years , scoring 55 goals . He won the SPL four times and also won both the Scottish and Scottish League Cup 3 times each . He was the tenth most prolific goalscorer in the SPL ( 55 goals ) when he left Celtic . Aston Villa . In April 2006 , Celtic rejected a written transfer request submitted by Petrov . He was subsequently linked with a transfer to move to Aston Villa who were managed by former Celtic boss Martin ONeill . On 30 August 2006 , Petrov completed his move to Villa Park on a four-year deal worth £6.5 million , becoming ONeills first signing for Villa . His debut was against West Ham United on 10 September . The game finished 1–1 . In 2007 , Petrov changed his shirt number from 11 to 19 . Petrov scored his first Villa goal in a 2–2 draw against Sheffield United on 11 December 2006 , but suffered patchy form throughout his first two seasons at the club . He scored a volley from near the halfway line against already relegated Derby County on 12 April 2008 . This was his first goal of the season and Villa won 6–0 . This goal was marked as a possible candidate for goal of the season . It was also confirmed to be the furthest out recorded goal by an Aston Villa player since the club was formed . The 2008–09 season saw Petrovs form improved considerably as he became a first team regular , starting Villas six Premier League games in a row . He was named captain for the first time in the UEFA Cup game against the Bulgarian Litex Lovech on 2 October 2008 and also scored one of the goals in the game . In May 2009 , Petrov was named both Aston Villas supporters Player of the Year and Players Player of the Year for the 2008–09 season , after his notable consistency in midfield throughout the season . On 20 May 2009 he signed a new four-year deal that is set to keep him at the club until 2013 . Following the retirement of captain Martin Laursen , Petrov stated that leading a great club with a long tradition and history would be a great honour . Petrov became Villa captain in the summer of 2009 and led the team to sixth place in the Premier league , the semi-finals of the FA Cup and the final of the League Cup in his first season holding the armband . Petrov continued to retain the Villa captaincy after the appointment of Gérard Houllier as manager of the club . On 23 October 2010 , he sustained a knee injury in the 1–0 away loss against Sunderland at the Stadium of Light . On 26 December 2010 , Petrov returned to first team action , coming on as a second-half substitute for Jonathan Hogg in the 2–1 defeat against Tottenham Hotspur at Villa Park . On 26 February 2011 , Petrov made his 150th premier league appearance for Aston Villa at Villa Park , when he came on as a second-half substitute in the 76th minute for Robert Pires in the 4–1 win over Blackburn Rovers . On 10 September 2011 , Petrov scored his first goal of the season away at Everton . On 29 October 2011 , Petrov made his 200th appearance for Aston Villa in the Premier League clash with Sunderland , and scored the opening goal in a 2–2 draw . Career break due to leukaemia . Petrov announced his retirement from football on 9 May 2013 , due to his leukaemia . On 26 May 2013 , footballers who had represented the Bulgaria national side ( including Hristo Stoichkov , Dimitar Berbatov and Nasko Sirakov ) won 4–2 against a selection that featured Aston Villa veterans like Mark Kinsella and Bryan Small in an exhibition game that took place at the Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia and had been organised to honour Petrovs achievements . In October 2014 , Petrov began playing again for his local Sunday League Over-35s side Wychall Wanderers who were managed by former Coventry City player David Busst . In March 2015 , he rejoined Aston Villa in a coaching role . In April 2016 Petrov revealed he was training with Villas Under-21 side with a view to returning to the professional game . In June it was announced that he would be training with the first team during their pre-season tour of Austria , on a non-contractual basis . On 9 July 2016 Petrov played his first game with the Aston Villa first team since his illness , taking part in an 8–0 friendly victory over local Austrian team GAK . International career . Stilyan Petrov made his debut as a 52nd minute substitute for Bulgaria on 24 December 1998 in a friendly match against Morocco . The match was played in Agadir , Morocco and finished with a 4–1 win for the North Africans . He scored his first goal ( 80th minute ) for the national side in another friendly match against Belarus ( 4–1 ) on 29 March 2000 . In 2003 , he won the Bulgarian Footballer of the Year award , when he was playing for Celtic and he captained the national team at Euro 2004 where he was sent off during a match against Denmark . On 12 October 2006 Petrov , then captain of Bulgaria , announced his decision to retire from international football at the age of 27 as long as Hristo Stoichkov manages the Bulgaria national team . However , on 20 March 2007 he made amends with Hristo Stoichkov and made himself available for selection again . However , he did not recover his position as national captain because it was decided that Dimitar Berbatov would retain the captains armband . On 14 January 2010 , it was announced that Petrov had come second in Bulgarias Player of the Year . Petrov was renamed captain of the Bulgarian side again following the retirement of Berbatov from international football in 2010 . On 26 March 2011 , Petrov earned his 100th cap for Bulgaria in the 0–0 home draw with Switzerland in a Euro 2012 qualifier . He received a flower bouquet from Borislav Mikhailov and was applauded by the spectators prior to the start of the match . During his career Petrov was chosen as Bulgarian Footballer of the Year in 2003 . He placed second in 2000 , 2001 , 2005 , 2009 and 2011 , and third in 2002 and 2006 . Personal life . In 2005 , Petrov wrote his autobiography with the assistance of Sunday Mail sports journalist Mark Guidi entitled You Can Call Me Stan , in reference to his nickname Stan , a shortened form of his given name . In the book , he describes how Stiliyan is the correct spelling , rather than Stilian , as it is sometimes spelled in the press . Stiliyan is married to his wife Paulina and they have 2 sons , Kristiyan and Stiliyan Jr . Leukaemia . On 30 March 2012 , Petrov was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia . The condition was diagnosed following tests after Petrov developed a fever following Aston Villas 3–0 defeat to Arsenal . Because of this , Petrov told Bulgarian press that he planned to retire from club and international football ; his agent later denied any reports of retirement : It is not true that Stiliyan has said he is retiring from football . What he did say was that he was fighting for his life and that he will fight to recover . He visited Villa Park for the match against Chelsea and in the 19th minute , the number of his shirt , the crowd gave him an ovation . The tribute caught the imagination of fans , and home and away fans repeated the ovation at every Villa game that season . On 10 June 2012 , Aston Villa manager Paul Lambert announced that Petrov would remain Aston Villas club captain for the 2012–13 season . In his absence the team captaincy was taken over by Dutch defender Ron Vlaar . On his 33rd birthday , Petrov visited his teammates on the first day of their pre season training , and was presented with a cake by the players , who sang happy birthday to him and gave him a round of applause . On 2 August 2012 , it was announced that Petrovs leukaemia was in remission . Petrov announced his retirement from football on 9 May 2013 , and led his family out on the Villa Park pitch for a lap of honour , to applaud the Villa fans who supported him during his illness , on the final day of the 2012–13 season . Coaching . On 22 May 2013 , shortly after announcing his retirement from playing , Aston Villa announced that Petrov would take on a new role at the club as assistant of the Youth Development squad , working alongside Gordon Cowans . Talking about his new role Petrov said ″Im very excited by this new challenge and I wish to thank the Club and the manager , Paul Lambert , for giving me the opportunity to continue my association with Villa , which I have always regarded as a privilege . I will study for my coaching badges over the coming months and I am looking forward very much to working with Gordon Cowans , someone I know and respect , a true Villa legend.″ As of August 2013 , Petrov was no longer part of the Villa coaching team . The Club announced his resignation and explained that he had requested time off as he felt he had to be fully devoted to his family . Petrov expressed gratitude to the club for the opportunity . On 5 March 2015 , Aston Villa Manager Tim Sherwood announced that Petrov would return to the Aston Villa backroom team and will help coach the First Team . Television . On 11 December 2014 , Petrov appeared as a special guest on the eighth episode of the ninth series of Russell Howards Good News . Honours . Club . CSKA Sofia - Bulgarian Championship : 1996–97 - Bulgarian Cup : 1996–97 , 1998–99 Celtic - Scottish Premier League : 2000–01 , 2001–02 , 2003–04 , 2005–06 - Scottish Cup : 2000–01 , 2003–04 , 2004–05 - Scottish League Cup : 1999–2000 , 2000–01 , 2005–06 - UEFA Cup runner-up : 2002–03 Wychall Wanderers - Central Warwickshire Over-35s Premier Division One Cup Individual . - SPFA Young Player of the Year : 2000–01 - Celtic Player of The Year : 2004–05 - Aston Villa Players Player of the Year : 2008–09 , 2011–12 - Aston Villa Supporters Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Inductee in Aston Villa Hall of Fame : 2013 - Bulgarias Player of the year : 2002–03 External links . - Aston Villa Official Website Profile - FootballDatabase provides Stilian Petrovs profile and stats |
[
"Aston Villa"
] | easy | Which team did Stiliyan Petrov play for from 2006 to 2011? | /wiki/Stiliyan_Petrov#P54#3 | Stiliyan Petrov Stiliyan Alyoshev Petrov ( Bulgarian : Стилиян Альошев Петров , born 5 July 1979 ) is a Bulgarian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder . Petrov joined Celtic from CSKA Sofia in 1999 , and won ten trophies in his time at Celtic Park , including four Scottish Premier League titles . In 2006 , he moved to Aston Villa in the Premier League , along with his former manager Martin ONeill . Petrov became club captain at Villa Park , and was an inductee to the Aston Villa Hall of Fame in 2013 . In addition he is Bulgarias all-time most-capped player with 105 appearances for the side . In March 2012 , Petrov was diagnosed with acute leukaemia , suspending his football career to undergo treatment which was ultimately successful . He announced his retirement from the game in May 2013 , but began searching for a new team three years later . During the summer of 2016 , Petrov trained with former club Aston Villa . He played during pre-season matches but was not offered a playing contract by manager Roberto Di Matteo . Club career . Early career . Born in Montana , Petrov started to play football in the local team FC Montana . At the age of 18 he was spotted by scout and coach Dimitar Penev and signed with CSKA Sofia for fee of €30,000 . With his new club , he won the Bulgarian Championship in 1997 and the national cup in 1997 and 1999 . Celtic . Petrov was signed in the summer of 1999 by John Barnes for a fee of £2.8 million . The teenager featured prominently in a season where he won the League Cup with Celtic , his second major honour and the first of many with Celtic . Despite the happy end to the season Petrov had a very hard time starting with the club . He was homesick and lonely at the start , and could not speak English . This was made worse by the manager playing him out of position at right back . Eventually , he improved his English by working in a friends burger van . This hard work and determination to fit in showed in his performances for the club . After a good first season with Celtic he enjoyed a brilliant second season under Martin ONeills treble winning side , becoming a regular scorer netting 7 league goals in 28 appearances , one of which was in Celtics 6–2 victory over Rangers . He also became the first foreign player to win the SPFA Young Player of the Year award . However he missed the end of the season after breaking his leg in a league game against St Johnstone and missed both the Scottish League Cup and Scottish Cup finals as a result . The following season , 2001–02 , Petrov made his return from injury against Dunfermline Athletic in September , and then really came into form for Celtic , being described as a dynamic , hardworking box-to-box midfielder , and winning his second SPL medal . In his fourth season with Celtic , Petrov continued his good form and was being linked to some of the top clubs in Europe but after protracted contract talks he eventually agreed a new deal with Celtic . This was his highest ever goalscoring season , netting 14 in 50 appearances . He also got to the only European final of his career , getting a runners up medal in the Uefa Cup . In his next two seasons for Celtic he continued to be an essential player making 105 appearances and scoring 19 goals . He won the Scottish Cup twice in this time ( scoring in the 2004 final ) along with his third SPL medal . The 2004–05 season was Martin ONeills last at Celtic , although Stiliyan Petrov would later join him at Aston Villa . The 04/05 season also saw Petrov becoming the third player to win the Celtic Player of The Year award . The 2005–06 season was a time of great change for Celtic . Martin ONeill , the clubs most successful manager in 20 years , left and new manager Gordon Strachan came in . Things started badly for Celtic as they lost 5–0 to Slovakian minnows Artmedia Bratislava in Strachans first match . Celtic then managed to throw away a 3–1 lead over Motherwell to draw Strachans first league match 4–4 , although Petrov later helped Celtic exact revenge over the Fir Park side by scoring his first hat-trick in a 5–0 demolition in October that year . Celtic overcame their bad start to the campaign to win the SPL and League Cup double . The 2005–06 season proved to be his last at Celtic as he re-united with former manager Martin ONeill at Aston Villa for a fee of £6.5 million rising to £8 million after clauses . This was after a long transfer saga in which Stiliyan Petrov was linked to almost every mid-table side in England . He only made 3 appearances for Celtic before leaving in the summer transfer window . In all , Petrov made 312 appearances for Celtic over seven years , scoring 55 goals . He won the SPL four times and also won both the Scottish and Scottish League Cup 3 times each . He was the tenth most prolific goalscorer in the SPL ( 55 goals ) when he left Celtic . Aston Villa . In April 2006 , Celtic rejected a written transfer request submitted by Petrov . He was subsequently linked with a transfer to move to Aston Villa who were managed by former Celtic boss Martin ONeill . On 30 August 2006 , Petrov completed his move to Villa Park on a four-year deal worth £6.5 million , becoming ONeills first signing for Villa . His debut was against West Ham United on 10 September . The game finished 1–1 . In 2007 , Petrov changed his shirt number from 11 to 19 . Petrov scored his first Villa goal in a 2–2 draw against Sheffield United on 11 December 2006 , but suffered patchy form throughout his first two seasons at the club . He scored a volley from near the halfway line against already relegated Derby County on 12 April 2008 . This was his first goal of the season and Villa won 6–0 . This goal was marked as a possible candidate for goal of the season . It was also confirmed to be the furthest out recorded goal by an Aston Villa player since the club was formed . The 2008–09 season saw Petrovs form improved considerably as he became a first team regular , starting Villas six Premier League games in a row . He was named captain for the first time in the UEFA Cup game against the Bulgarian Litex Lovech on 2 October 2008 and also scored one of the goals in the game . In May 2009 , Petrov was named both Aston Villas supporters Player of the Year and Players Player of the Year for the 2008–09 season , after his notable consistency in midfield throughout the season . On 20 May 2009 he signed a new four-year deal that is set to keep him at the club until 2013 . Following the retirement of captain Martin Laursen , Petrov stated that leading a great club with a long tradition and history would be a great honour . Petrov became Villa captain in the summer of 2009 and led the team to sixth place in the Premier league , the semi-finals of the FA Cup and the final of the League Cup in his first season holding the armband . Petrov continued to retain the Villa captaincy after the appointment of Gérard Houllier as manager of the club . On 23 October 2010 , he sustained a knee injury in the 1–0 away loss against Sunderland at the Stadium of Light . On 26 December 2010 , Petrov returned to first team action , coming on as a second-half substitute for Jonathan Hogg in the 2–1 defeat against Tottenham Hotspur at Villa Park . On 26 February 2011 , Petrov made his 150th premier league appearance for Aston Villa at Villa Park , when he came on as a second-half substitute in the 76th minute for Robert Pires in the 4–1 win over Blackburn Rovers . On 10 September 2011 , Petrov scored his first goal of the season away at Everton . On 29 October 2011 , Petrov made his 200th appearance for Aston Villa in the Premier League clash with Sunderland , and scored the opening goal in a 2–2 draw . Career break due to leukaemia . Petrov announced his retirement from football on 9 May 2013 , due to his leukaemia . On 26 May 2013 , footballers who had represented the Bulgaria national side ( including Hristo Stoichkov , Dimitar Berbatov and Nasko Sirakov ) won 4–2 against a selection that featured Aston Villa veterans like Mark Kinsella and Bryan Small in an exhibition game that took place at the Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia and had been organised to honour Petrovs achievements . In October 2014 , Petrov began playing again for his local Sunday League Over-35s side Wychall Wanderers who were managed by former Coventry City player David Busst . In March 2015 , he rejoined Aston Villa in a coaching role . In April 2016 Petrov revealed he was training with Villas Under-21 side with a view to returning to the professional game . In June it was announced that he would be training with the first team during their pre-season tour of Austria , on a non-contractual basis . On 9 July 2016 Petrov played his first game with the Aston Villa first team since his illness , taking part in an 8–0 friendly victory over local Austrian team GAK . International career . Stilyan Petrov made his debut as a 52nd minute substitute for Bulgaria on 24 December 1998 in a friendly match against Morocco . The match was played in Agadir , Morocco and finished with a 4–1 win for the North Africans . He scored his first goal ( 80th minute ) for the national side in another friendly match against Belarus ( 4–1 ) on 29 March 2000 . In 2003 , he won the Bulgarian Footballer of the Year award , when he was playing for Celtic and he captained the national team at Euro 2004 where he was sent off during a match against Denmark . On 12 October 2006 Petrov , then captain of Bulgaria , announced his decision to retire from international football at the age of 27 as long as Hristo Stoichkov manages the Bulgaria national team . However , on 20 March 2007 he made amends with Hristo Stoichkov and made himself available for selection again . However , he did not recover his position as national captain because it was decided that Dimitar Berbatov would retain the captains armband . On 14 January 2010 , it was announced that Petrov had come second in Bulgarias Player of the Year . Petrov was renamed captain of the Bulgarian side again following the retirement of Berbatov from international football in 2010 . On 26 March 2011 , Petrov earned his 100th cap for Bulgaria in the 0–0 home draw with Switzerland in a Euro 2012 qualifier . He received a flower bouquet from Borislav Mikhailov and was applauded by the spectators prior to the start of the match . During his career Petrov was chosen as Bulgarian Footballer of the Year in 2003 . He placed second in 2000 , 2001 , 2005 , 2009 and 2011 , and third in 2002 and 2006 . Personal life . In 2005 , Petrov wrote his autobiography with the assistance of Sunday Mail sports journalist Mark Guidi entitled You Can Call Me Stan , in reference to his nickname Stan , a shortened form of his given name . In the book , he describes how Stiliyan is the correct spelling , rather than Stilian , as it is sometimes spelled in the press . Stiliyan is married to his wife Paulina and they have 2 sons , Kristiyan and Stiliyan Jr . Leukaemia . On 30 March 2012 , Petrov was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia . The condition was diagnosed following tests after Petrov developed a fever following Aston Villas 3–0 defeat to Arsenal . Because of this , Petrov told Bulgarian press that he planned to retire from club and international football ; his agent later denied any reports of retirement : It is not true that Stiliyan has said he is retiring from football . What he did say was that he was fighting for his life and that he will fight to recover . He visited Villa Park for the match against Chelsea and in the 19th minute , the number of his shirt , the crowd gave him an ovation . The tribute caught the imagination of fans , and home and away fans repeated the ovation at every Villa game that season . On 10 June 2012 , Aston Villa manager Paul Lambert announced that Petrov would remain Aston Villas club captain for the 2012–13 season . In his absence the team captaincy was taken over by Dutch defender Ron Vlaar . On his 33rd birthday , Petrov visited his teammates on the first day of their pre season training , and was presented with a cake by the players , who sang happy birthday to him and gave him a round of applause . On 2 August 2012 , it was announced that Petrovs leukaemia was in remission . Petrov announced his retirement from football on 9 May 2013 , and led his family out on the Villa Park pitch for a lap of honour , to applaud the Villa fans who supported him during his illness , on the final day of the 2012–13 season . Coaching . On 22 May 2013 , shortly after announcing his retirement from playing , Aston Villa announced that Petrov would take on a new role at the club as assistant of the Youth Development squad , working alongside Gordon Cowans . Talking about his new role Petrov said ″Im very excited by this new challenge and I wish to thank the Club and the manager , Paul Lambert , for giving me the opportunity to continue my association with Villa , which I have always regarded as a privilege . I will study for my coaching badges over the coming months and I am looking forward very much to working with Gordon Cowans , someone I know and respect , a true Villa legend.″ As of August 2013 , Petrov was no longer part of the Villa coaching team . The Club announced his resignation and explained that he had requested time off as he felt he had to be fully devoted to his family . Petrov expressed gratitude to the club for the opportunity . On 5 March 2015 , Aston Villa Manager Tim Sherwood announced that Petrov would return to the Aston Villa backroom team and will help coach the First Team . Television . On 11 December 2014 , Petrov appeared as a special guest on the eighth episode of the ninth series of Russell Howards Good News . Honours . Club . CSKA Sofia - Bulgarian Championship : 1996–97 - Bulgarian Cup : 1996–97 , 1998–99 Celtic - Scottish Premier League : 2000–01 , 2001–02 , 2003–04 , 2005–06 - Scottish Cup : 2000–01 , 2003–04 , 2004–05 - Scottish League Cup : 1999–2000 , 2000–01 , 2005–06 - UEFA Cup runner-up : 2002–03 Wychall Wanderers - Central Warwickshire Over-35s Premier Division One Cup Individual . - SPFA Young Player of the Year : 2000–01 - Celtic Player of The Year : 2004–05 - Aston Villa Players Player of the Year : 2008–09 , 2011–12 - Aston Villa Supporters Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Inductee in Aston Villa Hall of Fame : 2013 - Bulgarias Player of the year : 2002–03 External links . - Aston Villa Official Website Profile - FootballDatabase provides Stilian Petrovs profile and stats |
[
"Aston Villa"
] | easy | Which team did the player Stiliyan Petrov belong to in 2011? | /wiki/Stiliyan_Petrov#P54#4 | Stiliyan Petrov Stiliyan Alyoshev Petrov ( Bulgarian : Стилиян Альошев Петров , born 5 July 1979 ) is a Bulgarian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder . Petrov joined Celtic from CSKA Sofia in 1999 , and won ten trophies in his time at Celtic Park , including four Scottish Premier League titles . In 2006 , he moved to Aston Villa in the Premier League , along with his former manager Martin ONeill . Petrov became club captain at Villa Park , and was an inductee to the Aston Villa Hall of Fame in 2013 . In addition he is Bulgarias all-time most-capped player with 105 appearances for the side . In March 2012 , Petrov was diagnosed with acute leukaemia , suspending his football career to undergo treatment which was ultimately successful . He announced his retirement from the game in May 2013 , but began searching for a new team three years later . During the summer of 2016 , Petrov trained with former club Aston Villa . He played during pre-season matches but was not offered a playing contract by manager Roberto Di Matteo . Club career . Early career . Born in Montana , Petrov started to play football in the local team FC Montana . At the age of 18 he was spotted by scout and coach Dimitar Penev and signed with CSKA Sofia for fee of €30,000 . With his new club , he won the Bulgarian Championship in 1997 and the national cup in 1997 and 1999 . Celtic . Petrov was signed in the summer of 1999 by John Barnes for a fee of £2.8 million . The teenager featured prominently in a season where he won the League Cup with Celtic , his second major honour and the first of many with Celtic . Despite the happy end to the season Petrov had a very hard time starting with the club . He was homesick and lonely at the start , and could not speak English . This was made worse by the manager playing him out of position at right back . Eventually , he improved his English by working in a friends burger van . This hard work and determination to fit in showed in his performances for the club . After a good first season with Celtic he enjoyed a brilliant second season under Martin ONeills treble winning side , becoming a regular scorer netting 7 league goals in 28 appearances , one of which was in Celtics 6–2 victory over Rangers . He also became the first foreign player to win the SPFA Young Player of the Year award . However he missed the end of the season after breaking his leg in a league game against St Johnstone and missed both the Scottish League Cup and Scottish Cup finals as a result . The following season , 2001–02 , Petrov made his return from injury against Dunfermline Athletic in September , and then really came into form for Celtic , being described as a dynamic , hardworking box-to-box midfielder , and winning his second SPL medal . In his fourth season with Celtic , Petrov continued his good form and was being linked to some of the top clubs in Europe but after protracted contract talks he eventually agreed a new deal with Celtic . This was his highest ever goalscoring season , netting 14 in 50 appearances . He also got to the only European final of his career , getting a runners up medal in the Uefa Cup . In his next two seasons for Celtic he continued to be an essential player making 105 appearances and scoring 19 goals . He won the Scottish Cup twice in this time ( scoring in the 2004 final ) along with his third SPL medal . The 2004–05 season was Martin ONeills last at Celtic , although Stiliyan Petrov would later join him at Aston Villa . The 04/05 season also saw Petrov becoming the third player to win the Celtic Player of The Year award . The 2005–06 season was a time of great change for Celtic . Martin ONeill , the clubs most successful manager in 20 years , left and new manager Gordon Strachan came in . Things started badly for Celtic as they lost 5–0 to Slovakian minnows Artmedia Bratislava in Strachans first match . Celtic then managed to throw away a 3–1 lead over Motherwell to draw Strachans first league match 4–4 , although Petrov later helped Celtic exact revenge over the Fir Park side by scoring his first hat-trick in a 5–0 demolition in October that year . Celtic overcame their bad start to the campaign to win the SPL and League Cup double . The 2005–06 season proved to be his last at Celtic as he re-united with former manager Martin ONeill at Aston Villa for a fee of £6.5 million rising to £8 million after clauses . This was after a long transfer saga in which Stiliyan Petrov was linked to almost every mid-table side in England . He only made 3 appearances for Celtic before leaving in the summer transfer window . In all , Petrov made 312 appearances for Celtic over seven years , scoring 55 goals . He won the SPL four times and also won both the Scottish and Scottish League Cup 3 times each . He was the tenth most prolific goalscorer in the SPL ( 55 goals ) when he left Celtic . Aston Villa . In April 2006 , Celtic rejected a written transfer request submitted by Petrov . He was subsequently linked with a transfer to move to Aston Villa who were managed by former Celtic boss Martin ONeill . On 30 August 2006 , Petrov completed his move to Villa Park on a four-year deal worth £6.5 million , becoming ONeills first signing for Villa . His debut was against West Ham United on 10 September . The game finished 1–1 . In 2007 , Petrov changed his shirt number from 11 to 19 . Petrov scored his first Villa goal in a 2–2 draw against Sheffield United on 11 December 2006 , but suffered patchy form throughout his first two seasons at the club . He scored a volley from near the halfway line against already relegated Derby County on 12 April 2008 . This was his first goal of the season and Villa won 6–0 . This goal was marked as a possible candidate for goal of the season . It was also confirmed to be the furthest out recorded goal by an Aston Villa player since the club was formed . The 2008–09 season saw Petrovs form improved considerably as he became a first team regular , starting Villas six Premier League games in a row . He was named captain for the first time in the UEFA Cup game against the Bulgarian Litex Lovech on 2 October 2008 and also scored one of the goals in the game . In May 2009 , Petrov was named both Aston Villas supporters Player of the Year and Players Player of the Year for the 2008–09 season , after his notable consistency in midfield throughout the season . On 20 May 2009 he signed a new four-year deal that is set to keep him at the club until 2013 . Following the retirement of captain Martin Laursen , Petrov stated that leading a great club with a long tradition and history would be a great honour . Petrov became Villa captain in the summer of 2009 and led the team to sixth place in the Premier league , the semi-finals of the FA Cup and the final of the League Cup in his first season holding the armband . Petrov continued to retain the Villa captaincy after the appointment of Gérard Houllier as manager of the club . On 23 October 2010 , he sustained a knee injury in the 1–0 away loss against Sunderland at the Stadium of Light . On 26 December 2010 , Petrov returned to first team action , coming on as a second-half substitute for Jonathan Hogg in the 2–1 defeat against Tottenham Hotspur at Villa Park . On 26 February 2011 , Petrov made his 150th premier league appearance for Aston Villa at Villa Park , when he came on as a second-half substitute in the 76th minute for Robert Pires in the 4–1 win over Blackburn Rovers . On 10 September 2011 , Petrov scored his first goal of the season away at Everton . On 29 October 2011 , Petrov made his 200th appearance for Aston Villa in the Premier League clash with Sunderland , and scored the opening goal in a 2–2 draw . Career break due to leukaemia . Petrov announced his retirement from football on 9 May 2013 , due to his leukaemia . On 26 May 2013 , footballers who had represented the Bulgaria national side ( including Hristo Stoichkov , Dimitar Berbatov and Nasko Sirakov ) won 4–2 against a selection that featured Aston Villa veterans like Mark Kinsella and Bryan Small in an exhibition game that took place at the Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia and had been organised to honour Petrovs achievements . In October 2014 , Petrov began playing again for his local Sunday League Over-35s side Wychall Wanderers who were managed by former Coventry City player David Busst . In March 2015 , he rejoined Aston Villa in a coaching role . In April 2016 Petrov revealed he was training with Villas Under-21 side with a view to returning to the professional game . In June it was announced that he would be training with the first team during their pre-season tour of Austria , on a non-contractual basis . On 9 July 2016 Petrov played his first game with the Aston Villa first team since his illness , taking part in an 8–0 friendly victory over local Austrian team GAK . International career . Stilyan Petrov made his debut as a 52nd minute substitute for Bulgaria on 24 December 1998 in a friendly match against Morocco . The match was played in Agadir , Morocco and finished with a 4–1 win for the North Africans . He scored his first goal ( 80th minute ) for the national side in another friendly match against Belarus ( 4–1 ) on 29 March 2000 . In 2003 , he won the Bulgarian Footballer of the Year award , when he was playing for Celtic and he captained the national team at Euro 2004 where he was sent off during a match against Denmark . On 12 October 2006 Petrov , then captain of Bulgaria , announced his decision to retire from international football at the age of 27 as long as Hristo Stoichkov manages the Bulgaria national team . However , on 20 March 2007 he made amends with Hristo Stoichkov and made himself available for selection again . However , he did not recover his position as national captain because it was decided that Dimitar Berbatov would retain the captains armband . On 14 January 2010 , it was announced that Petrov had come second in Bulgarias Player of the Year . Petrov was renamed captain of the Bulgarian side again following the retirement of Berbatov from international football in 2010 . On 26 March 2011 , Petrov earned his 100th cap for Bulgaria in the 0–0 home draw with Switzerland in a Euro 2012 qualifier . He received a flower bouquet from Borislav Mikhailov and was applauded by the spectators prior to the start of the match . During his career Petrov was chosen as Bulgarian Footballer of the Year in 2003 . He placed second in 2000 , 2001 , 2005 , 2009 and 2011 , and third in 2002 and 2006 . Personal life . In 2005 , Petrov wrote his autobiography with the assistance of Sunday Mail sports journalist Mark Guidi entitled You Can Call Me Stan , in reference to his nickname Stan , a shortened form of his given name . In the book , he describes how Stiliyan is the correct spelling , rather than Stilian , as it is sometimes spelled in the press . Stiliyan is married to his wife Paulina and they have 2 sons , Kristiyan and Stiliyan Jr . Leukaemia . On 30 March 2012 , Petrov was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia . The condition was diagnosed following tests after Petrov developed a fever following Aston Villas 3–0 defeat to Arsenal . Because of this , Petrov told Bulgarian press that he planned to retire from club and international football ; his agent later denied any reports of retirement : It is not true that Stiliyan has said he is retiring from football . What he did say was that he was fighting for his life and that he will fight to recover . He visited Villa Park for the match against Chelsea and in the 19th minute , the number of his shirt , the crowd gave him an ovation . The tribute caught the imagination of fans , and home and away fans repeated the ovation at every Villa game that season . On 10 June 2012 , Aston Villa manager Paul Lambert announced that Petrov would remain Aston Villas club captain for the 2012–13 season . In his absence the team captaincy was taken over by Dutch defender Ron Vlaar . On his 33rd birthday , Petrov visited his teammates on the first day of their pre season training , and was presented with a cake by the players , who sang happy birthday to him and gave him a round of applause . On 2 August 2012 , it was announced that Petrovs leukaemia was in remission . Petrov announced his retirement from football on 9 May 2013 , and led his family out on the Villa Park pitch for a lap of honour , to applaud the Villa fans who supported him during his illness , on the final day of the 2012–13 season . Coaching . On 22 May 2013 , shortly after announcing his retirement from playing , Aston Villa announced that Petrov would take on a new role at the club as assistant of the Youth Development squad , working alongside Gordon Cowans . Talking about his new role Petrov said ″Im very excited by this new challenge and I wish to thank the Club and the manager , Paul Lambert , for giving me the opportunity to continue my association with Villa , which I have always regarded as a privilege . I will study for my coaching badges over the coming months and I am looking forward very much to working with Gordon Cowans , someone I know and respect , a true Villa legend.″ As of August 2013 , Petrov was no longer part of the Villa coaching team . The Club announced his resignation and explained that he had requested time off as he felt he had to be fully devoted to his family . Petrov expressed gratitude to the club for the opportunity . On 5 March 2015 , Aston Villa Manager Tim Sherwood announced that Petrov would return to the Aston Villa backroom team and will help coach the First Team . Television . On 11 December 2014 , Petrov appeared as a special guest on the eighth episode of the ninth series of Russell Howards Good News . Honours . Club . CSKA Sofia - Bulgarian Championship : 1996–97 - Bulgarian Cup : 1996–97 , 1998–99 Celtic - Scottish Premier League : 2000–01 , 2001–02 , 2003–04 , 2005–06 - Scottish Cup : 2000–01 , 2003–04 , 2004–05 - Scottish League Cup : 1999–2000 , 2000–01 , 2005–06 - UEFA Cup runner-up : 2002–03 Wychall Wanderers - Central Warwickshire Over-35s Premier Division One Cup Individual . - SPFA Young Player of the Year : 2000–01 - Celtic Player of The Year : 2004–05 - Aston Villa Players Player of the Year : 2008–09 , 2011–12 - Aston Villa Supporters Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Inductee in Aston Villa Hall of Fame : 2013 - Bulgarias Player of the year : 2002–03 External links . - Aston Villa Official Website Profile - FootballDatabase provides Stilian Petrovs profile and stats |
[
"New South Wales Legislative Assembly"
] | easy | What was the position of Gladys Berejiklian from Mar 2003 to Apr 2015? | /wiki/Gladys_Berejiklian#P39#0 | Gladys Berejiklian Gladys Berejiklian ( ; born 22 September 1970 ) is an Australian politician serving as the 45th and current Premier of New South Wales and the Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party , offices which she assumed on 23 January 2017 following the resignation of Mike Baird . She has been a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly since 2003 , representing the seat of Willoughby . Before becoming Premier , Berejiklian was the Treasurer of New South Wales and Minister for Industrial Relations in the second Baird government , and Minister for Transport in the OFarrell and first Baird governments . She was also the Deputy Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party between 2014 and 2017 . On 23 March 2019 , she was re-elected as Premier of New South Wales when the Liberal-National Coalition won the 2019 state election . Early life . Berejiklian was born in Manly Hospital , Sydney , the eldest of three daughters born to Armenian immigrant parents , Krikor and Arsha . Her grandparents were orphaned by Turkish soldiers in the Armenian genocide in 1915 . Berejiklian spoke only Armenian until she was five years old , when she began learning English . She has remained involved in the Armenian-Australian community , serving a term on the Armenian National Committee of Australia . In 2015 , she attended a commemoration ceremony in Yerevan for the 100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide . Berejiklian attended North Ryde High School , which became Peter Board High School from 1986 , a public , co-educational school in North Ryde . She was a member of Girl Guides and continues to support the organisation . She has a Bachelor of Arts ( 1992 ) and a graduate diploma in international studies ( 1996 ) from the University of Sydney and a Masters in Commerce from the University of New South Wales ( 2001 ) . She joined the Liberal Party in 1993 and was president of the New South Wales Young Liberals from 1997 to 1998 , being the third female president in its history . She also served as a Delegate to State Council ( 1996–2003 ) , Urban Representative of the NSW Liberal Party State Executive ( 1997–2003 ) , Campaign Director for State seat of Willoughby ( 1999 ) and Chair of Convention Committee ( 2002 ) . Berejiklian also worked for Peter Collins and Senator Helen Coonan and the Commonwealth Bank as general manager , Youth Retail Banking and Government & Industry Affairs . Political career . Opposition ( 2003–2011 ) . Berejiklian won Liberal preselection for Willoughby in 2003 when former Opposition Leader Peter Collins , who had represented the Willoughby area since 1981 , decided to retire . Willoughby has historically been a comfortably safe Liberal seat even by northern Sydney standards ; counting its time as Middle Harbour , it has been held by the Liberals , their predecessors or a conservative independent for all but one term since 1927 . However , she faced a spirited challenge from Pat Reilly , the longtime mayor of the City of Willoughby , who nearly took the seat on Labor preferences . Ultimately , Berejiklian won by 144 votes , with the Liberals suffering a swing of 10.9 points . However , Berejiklian easily saw off a rematch with Reilly after picking up a healthy swing of 14.5 points , enough to revert Willoughby to its traditional status as a comfortably safe Liberal seat . She has not faced a serious challenge since , with Labor often being pushed into third place . Berejiklian joined the front bench in 2005 as Shadow Minister for Mental Health and was appointed to the opposition front bench portfolio of Transport by Peter Debnam in 2006 . Following the 2007 State election , she was given the shadow portfolio of Citizenship by Opposition Leader OFarrell in his Shadow Ministry . OFarrell Government ( 2011–2014 ) . Following the election of the OFarrell government at the 2011 state election , Berejiklian was appointed Transport Minister on 3 April 2011 . The major achievements in her term as Minister for Transport include the extension of the Sydney Light Rail Dulwich Hill Line from to ; the phased introduction of the Opal card ; and commencement of construction of the North West Rail Link . She was also Transport Minister at the time the NSW government stopped trains running to Newcastle Station , which now terminate at Wickham . The former rail corridor has now been re-zoned by Newcastle City Council and a proportion of that land is expected to be sold . Baird Government ( 2014–2017 ) . On 17 April 2014 , Mike Baird was elected Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party , and hence Premier , following the resignation of Barry OFarrell . Berejiklian was elected as Bairds deputy . In a subsequent ministerial reshuffle , in addition to her existing responsibilities , on 23 April 2014 Berejiklian was sworn in as the Minister for the Hunter . Berejiklian was appointed as Treasurer of New South Wales and Minister for Industrial Relations following a cabinet reshuffle announced on 1 April 2015 by Premier Baird , after the 2015 state election . As Treasurer , Berejiklian oversaw New South Waless return to surplus . This was the first time New South Wales had been declared debt-free in more than 20 years . She also oversaw the part-privatisation of the states electricity network . Premier of New South Wales ( 2017–present ) . First term . Following the resignation of Mike Baird as NSW Liberal leader and Premier on 19 January 2017 , Berejiklian announced her intention to succeed him as the leader of the Liberal Party , and hence to become the 45th Premier of New South Wales . Baird endorsed Berejiklian as his successor , declaring that she would be an outstanding Premier.. . No doubt about it . A deal was struck between the moderate , centre-right , and right factions of the Liberal Party , facilitating the moderate Berejiklians rise to the leadership , with conservative Dominic Perrottet as her deputy . The next day , ministers Andrew Constance and Rob Stokes—Berejiklians only serious leadership challengers—decided not to contest the leadership , and instead opted to endorse Berejiklian . This left Berejiklian to take the leadership unopposed at the ensuing leadership contest held on 23 January . She was duly sworn in as Premier later that day , becoming the second woman to hold the post . The first was Labors Kristina Keneally , who served in the position from 2009 to 2011 . In October 2018 , Berejiklian permitted advertising for The Everest stakes to be projected onto the sails of the Sydney Opera House ( a move spearheaded by radio broadcaster Alan Jones ) , drawing widespread condemnation and criticism from many in the community , with a poll declaring that 80% of respondents opposed this decision . Second term . Berejiklian led the Coalition into the 2019 state election , becoming the third woman to take a major party into an election in NSW . With polls showing the race at a knife-edge , the Coalition suffered a swing of six seats , cutting its numbers down to 48 seats , a majority of two . This made Berejiklian the third woman to lead a party to a victory at a state election in Australia , after Anna Bligh and Annastacia Palaszczuk from Queensland , and the first non-Labor woman to lead a party to a state election victory in Australia . In August–September 2019 Berejiklian expressed support for the Reproductive Health Care Reform Bill , a private members bill aimed to decriminalise abortion in New South Wales . Berejiklian allowed a conscience vote on the bill in her party . Many conservative parliamentarians of the Liberal Party opposed the bill . Three of these parliamentarians , MP Tanya Davies and Legislative Council members Matthew Mason-Cox and Lou Amato , expressed dissatisfaction with Berejiklians handling of the bill . They had repeatedly asked Berejiklian to intervene to stop the fast-tracking of the bill and establish a joint select committee into the legislation reform . However , their requests were rejected by Berejiklian . On 16 September 2019 , the trio announced they would hold a party leadership spill motion against Berejiklian the following day . Senior ministers , including conservative ministers who opposed the bill , backed Berejiklian and condemned the actions of the trio . The right-wing faction of the party also clarified that they did not sanction the spill . The trio called off the spill the next morning , after the trio claimed to have received further concessions on amendments to the bill , meaning their amendments would be considered in the debate in the Legislative Council . The bill eventually passed Parliament with amendments on 26 September 2019 and came into force as the Abortion Law Reform Act 2019 on 2 October 2019 . In October 2020 , as part of her evidence to an Independent Commission Against Corruption inquiry , Berejiklian admitted that she had been in a close personal relationship with Daryl Maguire from 2015 until August 2020 . Maguire had been a fellow Liberal MP until a previous inquiry had heard that he had sought inappropriate payments , leading to his resignation in 2018 . As a result , a vote of no-confidence was taken in parliament . She survived the vote in the lower house with 47–38 , and in the upper house with 21–20 , after a deciding vote from the Liberal president . Personal life . Berejiklian supports the Australian republican movement . She regularly attends events of the Armenian Apostolic Church . |
[
"New South Wales Legislative Assembly",
"Treasurer of New South Wales",
"Minister for Industrial Relations"
] | easy | What was the position of Gladys Berejiklian from Apr 2015 to 2017? | /wiki/Gladys_Berejiklian#P39#1 | Gladys Berejiklian Gladys Berejiklian ( ; born 22 September 1970 ) is an Australian politician serving as the 45th and current Premier of New South Wales and the Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party , offices which she assumed on 23 January 2017 following the resignation of Mike Baird . She has been a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly since 2003 , representing the seat of Willoughby . Before becoming Premier , Berejiklian was the Treasurer of New South Wales and Minister for Industrial Relations in the second Baird government , and Minister for Transport in the OFarrell and first Baird governments . She was also the Deputy Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party between 2014 and 2017 . On 23 March 2019 , she was re-elected as Premier of New South Wales when the Liberal-National Coalition won the 2019 state election . Early life . Berejiklian was born in Manly Hospital , Sydney , the eldest of three daughters born to Armenian immigrant parents , Krikor and Arsha . Her grandparents were orphaned by Turkish soldiers in the Armenian genocide in 1915 . Berejiklian spoke only Armenian until she was five years old , when she began learning English . She has remained involved in the Armenian-Australian community , serving a term on the Armenian National Committee of Australia . In 2015 , she attended a commemoration ceremony in Yerevan for the 100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide . Berejiklian attended North Ryde High School , which became Peter Board High School from 1986 , a public , co-educational school in North Ryde . She was a member of Girl Guides and continues to support the organisation . She has a Bachelor of Arts ( 1992 ) and a graduate diploma in international studies ( 1996 ) from the University of Sydney and a Masters in Commerce from the University of New South Wales ( 2001 ) . She joined the Liberal Party in 1993 and was president of the New South Wales Young Liberals from 1997 to 1998 , being the third female president in its history . She also served as a Delegate to State Council ( 1996–2003 ) , Urban Representative of the NSW Liberal Party State Executive ( 1997–2003 ) , Campaign Director for State seat of Willoughby ( 1999 ) and Chair of Convention Committee ( 2002 ) . Berejiklian also worked for Peter Collins and Senator Helen Coonan and the Commonwealth Bank as general manager , Youth Retail Banking and Government & Industry Affairs . Political career . Opposition ( 2003–2011 ) . Berejiklian won Liberal preselection for Willoughby in 2003 when former Opposition Leader Peter Collins , who had represented the Willoughby area since 1981 , decided to retire . Willoughby has historically been a comfortably safe Liberal seat even by northern Sydney standards ; counting its time as Middle Harbour , it has been held by the Liberals , their predecessors or a conservative independent for all but one term since 1927 . However , she faced a spirited challenge from Pat Reilly , the longtime mayor of the City of Willoughby , who nearly took the seat on Labor preferences . Ultimately , Berejiklian won by 144 votes , with the Liberals suffering a swing of 10.9 points . However , Berejiklian easily saw off a rematch with Reilly after picking up a healthy swing of 14.5 points , enough to revert Willoughby to its traditional status as a comfortably safe Liberal seat . She has not faced a serious challenge since , with Labor often being pushed into third place . Berejiklian joined the front bench in 2005 as Shadow Minister for Mental Health and was appointed to the opposition front bench portfolio of Transport by Peter Debnam in 2006 . Following the 2007 State election , she was given the shadow portfolio of Citizenship by Opposition Leader OFarrell in his Shadow Ministry . OFarrell Government ( 2011–2014 ) . Following the election of the OFarrell government at the 2011 state election , Berejiklian was appointed Transport Minister on 3 April 2011 . The major achievements in her term as Minister for Transport include the extension of the Sydney Light Rail Dulwich Hill Line from to ; the phased introduction of the Opal card ; and commencement of construction of the North West Rail Link . She was also Transport Minister at the time the NSW government stopped trains running to Newcastle Station , which now terminate at Wickham . The former rail corridor has now been re-zoned by Newcastle City Council and a proportion of that land is expected to be sold . Baird Government ( 2014–2017 ) . On 17 April 2014 , Mike Baird was elected Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party , and hence Premier , following the resignation of Barry OFarrell . Berejiklian was elected as Bairds deputy . In a subsequent ministerial reshuffle , in addition to her existing responsibilities , on 23 April 2014 Berejiklian was sworn in as the Minister for the Hunter . Berejiklian was appointed as Treasurer of New South Wales and Minister for Industrial Relations following a cabinet reshuffle announced on 1 April 2015 by Premier Baird , after the 2015 state election . As Treasurer , Berejiklian oversaw New South Waless return to surplus . This was the first time New South Wales had been declared debt-free in more than 20 years . She also oversaw the part-privatisation of the states electricity network . Premier of New South Wales ( 2017–present ) . First term . Following the resignation of Mike Baird as NSW Liberal leader and Premier on 19 January 2017 , Berejiklian announced her intention to succeed him as the leader of the Liberal Party , and hence to become the 45th Premier of New South Wales . Baird endorsed Berejiklian as his successor , declaring that she would be an outstanding Premier.. . No doubt about it . A deal was struck between the moderate , centre-right , and right factions of the Liberal Party , facilitating the moderate Berejiklians rise to the leadership , with conservative Dominic Perrottet as her deputy . The next day , ministers Andrew Constance and Rob Stokes—Berejiklians only serious leadership challengers—decided not to contest the leadership , and instead opted to endorse Berejiklian . This left Berejiklian to take the leadership unopposed at the ensuing leadership contest held on 23 January . She was duly sworn in as Premier later that day , becoming the second woman to hold the post . The first was Labors Kristina Keneally , who served in the position from 2009 to 2011 . In October 2018 , Berejiklian permitted advertising for The Everest stakes to be projected onto the sails of the Sydney Opera House ( a move spearheaded by radio broadcaster Alan Jones ) , drawing widespread condemnation and criticism from many in the community , with a poll declaring that 80% of respondents opposed this decision . Second term . Berejiklian led the Coalition into the 2019 state election , becoming the third woman to take a major party into an election in NSW . With polls showing the race at a knife-edge , the Coalition suffered a swing of six seats , cutting its numbers down to 48 seats , a majority of two . This made Berejiklian the third woman to lead a party to a victory at a state election in Australia , after Anna Bligh and Annastacia Palaszczuk from Queensland , and the first non-Labor woman to lead a party to a state election victory in Australia . In August–September 2019 Berejiklian expressed support for the Reproductive Health Care Reform Bill , a private members bill aimed to decriminalise abortion in New South Wales . Berejiklian allowed a conscience vote on the bill in her party . Many conservative parliamentarians of the Liberal Party opposed the bill . Three of these parliamentarians , MP Tanya Davies and Legislative Council members Matthew Mason-Cox and Lou Amato , expressed dissatisfaction with Berejiklians handling of the bill . They had repeatedly asked Berejiklian to intervene to stop the fast-tracking of the bill and establish a joint select committee into the legislation reform . However , their requests were rejected by Berejiklian . On 16 September 2019 , the trio announced they would hold a party leadership spill motion against Berejiklian the following day . Senior ministers , including conservative ministers who opposed the bill , backed Berejiklian and condemned the actions of the trio . The right-wing faction of the party also clarified that they did not sanction the spill . The trio called off the spill the next morning , after the trio claimed to have received further concessions on amendments to the bill , meaning their amendments would be considered in the debate in the Legislative Council . The bill eventually passed Parliament with amendments on 26 September 2019 and came into force as the Abortion Law Reform Act 2019 on 2 October 2019 . In October 2020 , as part of her evidence to an Independent Commission Against Corruption inquiry , Berejiklian admitted that she had been in a close personal relationship with Daryl Maguire from 2015 until August 2020 . Maguire had been a fellow Liberal MP until a previous inquiry had heard that he had sought inappropriate payments , leading to his resignation in 2018 . As a result , a vote of no-confidence was taken in parliament . She survived the vote in the lower house with 47–38 , and in the upper house with 21–20 , after a deciding vote from the Liberal president . Personal life . Berejiklian supports the Australian republican movement . She regularly attends events of the Armenian Apostolic Church . |
[
"Premier of New South Wales"
] | easy | What position did Gladys Berejiklian take from 2017 to 2018? | /wiki/Gladys_Berejiklian#P39#2 | Gladys Berejiklian Gladys Berejiklian ( ; born 22 September 1970 ) is an Australian politician serving as the 45th and current Premier of New South Wales and the Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party , offices which she assumed on 23 January 2017 following the resignation of Mike Baird . She has been a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly since 2003 , representing the seat of Willoughby . Before becoming Premier , Berejiklian was the Treasurer of New South Wales and Minister for Industrial Relations in the second Baird government , and Minister for Transport in the OFarrell and first Baird governments . She was also the Deputy Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party between 2014 and 2017 . On 23 March 2019 , she was re-elected as Premier of New South Wales when the Liberal-National Coalition won the 2019 state election . Early life . Berejiklian was born in Manly Hospital , Sydney , the eldest of three daughters born to Armenian immigrant parents , Krikor and Arsha . Her grandparents were orphaned by Turkish soldiers in the Armenian genocide in 1915 . Berejiklian spoke only Armenian until she was five years old , when she began learning English . She has remained involved in the Armenian-Australian community , serving a term on the Armenian National Committee of Australia . In 2015 , she attended a commemoration ceremony in Yerevan for the 100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide . Berejiklian attended North Ryde High School , which became Peter Board High School from 1986 , a public , co-educational school in North Ryde . She was a member of Girl Guides and continues to support the organisation . She has a Bachelor of Arts ( 1992 ) and a graduate diploma in international studies ( 1996 ) from the University of Sydney and a Masters in Commerce from the University of New South Wales ( 2001 ) . She joined the Liberal Party in 1993 and was president of the New South Wales Young Liberals from 1997 to 1998 , being the third female president in its history . She also served as a Delegate to State Council ( 1996–2003 ) , Urban Representative of the NSW Liberal Party State Executive ( 1997–2003 ) , Campaign Director for State seat of Willoughby ( 1999 ) and Chair of Convention Committee ( 2002 ) . Berejiklian also worked for Peter Collins and Senator Helen Coonan and the Commonwealth Bank as general manager , Youth Retail Banking and Government & Industry Affairs . Political career . Opposition ( 2003–2011 ) . Berejiklian won Liberal preselection for Willoughby in 2003 when former Opposition Leader Peter Collins , who had represented the Willoughby area since 1981 , decided to retire . Willoughby has historically been a comfortably safe Liberal seat even by northern Sydney standards ; counting its time as Middle Harbour , it has been held by the Liberals , their predecessors or a conservative independent for all but one term since 1927 . However , she faced a spirited challenge from Pat Reilly , the longtime mayor of the City of Willoughby , who nearly took the seat on Labor preferences . Ultimately , Berejiklian won by 144 votes , with the Liberals suffering a swing of 10.9 points . However , Berejiklian easily saw off a rematch with Reilly after picking up a healthy swing of 14.5 points , enough to revert Willoughby to its traditional status as a comfortably safe Liberal seat . She has not faced a serious challenge since , with Labor often being pushed into third place . Berejiklian joined the front bench in 2005 as Shadow Minister for Mental Health and was appointed to the opposition front bench portfolio of Transport by Peter Debnam in 2006 . Following the 2007 State election , she was given the shadow portfolio of Citizenship by Opposition Leader OFarrell in his Shadow Ministry . OFarrell Government ( 2011–2014 ) . Following the election of the OFarrell government at the 2011 state election , Berejiklian was appointed Transport Minister on 3 April 2011 . The major achievements in her term as Minister for Transport include the extension of the Sydney Light Rail Dulwich Hill Line from to ; the phased introduction of the Opal card ; and commencement of construction of the North West Rail Link . She was also Transport Minister at the time the NSW government stopped trains running to Newcastle Station , which now terminate at Wickham . The former rail corridor has now been re-zoned by Newcastle City Council and a proportion of that land is expected to be sold . Baird Government ( 2014–2017 ) . On 17 April 2014 , Mike Baird was elected Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party , and hence Premier , following the resignation of Barry OFarrell . Berejiklian was elected as Bairds deputy . In a subsequent ministerial reshuffle , in addition to her existing responsibilities , on 23 April 2014 Berejiklian was sworn in as the Minister for the Hunter . Berejiklian was appointed as Treasurer of New South Wales and Minister for Industrial Relations following a cabinet reshuffle announced on 1 April 2015 by Premier Baird , after the 2015 state election . As Treasurer , Berejiklian oversaw New South Waless return to surplus . This was the first time New South Wales had been declared debt-free in more than 20 years . She also oversaw the part-privatisation of the states electricity network . Premier of New South Wales ( 2017–present ) . First term . Following the resignation of Mike Baird as NSW Liberal leader and Premier on 19 January 2017 , Berejiklian announced her intention to succeed him as the leader of the Liberal Party , and hence to become the 45th Premier of New South Wales . Baird endorsed Berejiklian as his successor , declaring that she would be an outstanding Premier.. . No doubt about it . A deal was struck between the moderate , centre-right , and right factions of the Liberal Party , facilitating the moderate Berejiklians rise to the leadership , with conservative Dominic Perrottet as her deputy . The next day , ministers Andrew Constance and Rob Stokes—Berejiklians only serious leadership challengers—decided not to contest the leadership , and instead opted to endorse Berejiklian . This left Berejiklian to take the leadership unopposed at the ensuing leadership contest held on 23 January . She was duly sworn in as Premier later that day , becoming the second woman to hold the post . The first was Labors Kristina Keneally , who served in the position from 2009 to 2011 . In October 2018 , Berejiklian permitted advertising for The Everest stakes to be projected onto the sails of the Sydney Opera House ( a move spearheaded by radio broadcaster Alan Jones ) , drawing widespread condemnation and criticism from many in the community , with a poll declaring that 80% of respondents opposed this decision . Second term . Berejiklian led the Coalition into the 2019 state election , becoming the third woman to take a major party into an election in NSW . With polls showing the race at a knife-edge , the Coalition suffered a swing of six seats , cutting its numbers down to 48 seats , a majority of two . This made Berejiklian the third woman to lead a party to a victory at a state election in Australia , after Anna Bligh and Annastacia Palaszczuk from Queensland , and the first non-Labor woman to lead a party to a state election victory in Australia . In August–September 2019 Berejiklian expressed support for the Reproductive Health Care Reform Bill , a private members bill aimed to decriminalise abortion in New South Wales . Berejiklian allowed a conscience vote on the bill in her party . Many conservative parliamentarians of the Liberal Party opposed the bill . Three of these parliamentarians , MP Tanya Davies and Legislative Council members Matthew Mason-Cox and Lou Amato , expressed dissatisfaction with Berejiklians handling of the bill . They had repeatedly asked Berejiklian to intervene to stop the fast-tracking of the bill and establish a joint select committee into the legislation reform . However , their requests were rejected by Berejiklian . On 16 September 2019 , the trio announced they would hold a party leadership spill motion against Berejiklian the following day . Senior ministers , including conservative ministers who opposed the bill , backed Berejiklian and condemned the actions of the trio . The right-wing faction of the party also clarified that they did not sanction the spill . The trio called off the spill the next morning , after the trio claimed to have received further concessions on amendments to the bill , meaning their amendments would be considered in the debate in the Legislative Council . The bill eventually passed Parliament with amendments on 26 September 2019 and came into force as the Abortion Law Reform Act 2019 on 2 October 2019 . In October 2020 , as part of her evidence to an Independent Commission Against Corruption inquiry , Berejiklian admitted that she had been in a close personal relationship with Daryl Maguire from 2015 until August 2020 . Maguire had been a fellow Liberal MP until a previous inquiry had heard that he had sought inappropriate payments , leading to his resignation in 2018 . As a result , a vote of no-confidence was taken in parliament . She survived the vote in the lower house with 47–38 , and in the upper house with 21–20 , after a deciding vote from the Liberal president . Personal life . Berejiklian supports the Australian republican movement . She regularly attends events of the Armenian Apostolic Church . |
[
"Subcommittee on Regional Economic Policy"
] | easy | Astrid Grotelüschen became a member of what organization or association in Mar 2014? | /wiki/Astrid_Grotelüschen#P463#0 | Astrid Grotelüschen Astrid Katharina Josefine Grotelüschen ( née Schober 9 December 1964 ) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) who has been serving as a member of the German Bundestag since the 18th general election , having won the direct mandate in the constituency of Delmenhorst – Wesermarsch – Oldenburg-Land in both the 2013 and 2017 general elections . She was already a directly elected member of the German Bundestag from 2009 to 2010 , and from April 2010 until her resignation in December of the same year , State Minister for Food , Agriculture , Consumer Protection and Regional Development of Lower Saxony . Early life and career . Schober was born in Cologne and grew up in Brühl ( Rhineland ) , where she graduated from the Erzbischöfliches St . Ursula-Gymnasium in 1984 . From 1984 to 1990 , she studied food and nutrition science at the University of Bonn and graduated as a certified ecotrophologist . She was the first in her family to graduate from university . During her apprenticeship she worked ( partly as an intern ) in the food industry , the bakery and butcher trade , in canteen kitchens , in retirement homes and in agriculture . In 1990 , she joined the then-family business of her in-laws , Germanys second largest turkey hatchery Ahlhorn , and in 2001 she took over the management together with her husband Garlich Grotelüschen . Political career . Grotelüschen has been a member of the CDU since 2000 and deputy district chairman of her party in Oldenburg-Land since 2001 . Since 2001 , she has been a member of the municipal council of Großenkneten and has served as group leader since 2006 ; she is also a member of the district council of the administrative district Oldenburg since 2006 . In the 2009 general election , Grotelüschen won the constituency Delmenhorst - Wesermarsch - Oldenburg-Land in Lower Saxony with 35.3% of the first votes and thus directly entered the Bundestag . She was able to prevail against Holger Ortel ( SPD ) , who had won the constituency before , and now entered the Bundestag via the state list . The SPD had previously won the constituency for nearly thirty years . On April 19 , 2010 , Grotelüschen was appointed State Minister of Agriculture by Lower Saxony Minister-President Christian Wulff and entered office on April 27 , 2010 as part of the Cabinet Wulff II . She left the Bundestag , and was replaced by Ewa Klamt . On December 17 , 2010 , she resigned from her ministerial office . In the general election on 22 September 2013 , Grotelüschen reappeared in her former constituency , prevailinf narrowly with less than 700 votes ahead and thus entered the 18th German Bundestag , which she has been a member of since its formation in mid-October 2013 . In the 18th legislative term from 2014 until 2017 , Grotelüschen chaired the Subcommittee on Regional Economic Policy and ERP Business Plans . In the 2017 elections , Grotelüschen won the constituency for the third time in a row with 34.1% and a lead of 2063 first votes . She has since been serving on the Committee on Economic Affairs and Energy . In April 2020 , Grotelüschen announced that she would not stand in the 2021 federal elections but instead resign from active politics by the end of the parliamentary term . Controversy . In August 2010 , Grotelüschen was reported by animal rights organization PETA on suspicion of being involved in animal cruelty in turkey poultry farms of the Mecklenburg-Vorpommern grower community , of which Grotelüschens husband holds 30% . The public prosecutor of Oldenburg initiated no investigation against the Grotelüschen family after examination in early October 2010 , since the Grotelüschen family .. . was not responsible for these animal facilities . In December 2010 , Grotelüschen came under criticism again when the public prosecutors office of Oldenburg investigated the slaughterhouse Geestland Putenspezialitäten GmbH und Co . KG in Wildeshausen ( Landkreis Oldenburg ) owned by the PHW Group , in which the turkey hatchery is a limited partner , on suspicion of assistance to illegal employment and illegal temporary employment . An indictment was filed in 2012 , but the trial of the allegations before the district court has not yet taken place as of February 2016 . Personal life . Grotelüschen has three children and lives in Ahlhorn , a village in the municipality of Großenkneten south of Oldenburg . External links . - Personal website - Biography at the Bundestag website |
[
"Committee on Economic Affairs and Energy"
] | easy | What organization did Astrid Grotelüschen join in 2014? | /wiki/Astrid_Grotelüschen#P463#1 | Astrid Grotelüschen Astrid Katharina Josefine Grotelüschen ( née Schober 9 December 1964 ) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) who has been serving as a member of the German Bundestag since the 18th general election , having won the direct mandate in the constituency of Delmenhorst – Wesermarsch – Oldenburg-Land in both the 2013 and 2017 general elections . She was already a directly elected member of the German Bundestag from 2009 to 2010 , and from April 2010 until her resignation in December of the same year , State Minister for Food , Agriculture , Consumer Protection and Regional Development of Lower Saxony . Early life and career . Schober was born in Cologne and grew up in Brühl ( Rhineland ) , where she graduated from the Erzbischöfliches St . Ursula-Gymnasium in 1984 . From 1984 to 1990 , she studied food and nutrition science at the University of Bonn and graduated as a certified ecotrophologist . She was the first in her family to graduate from university . During her apprenticeship she worked ( partly as an intern ) in the food industry , the bakery and butcher trade , in canteen kitchens , in retirement homes and in agriculture . In 1990 , she joined the then-family business of her in-laws , Germanys second largest turkey hatchery Ahlhorn , and in 2001 she took over the management together with her husband Garlich Grotelüschen . Political career . Grotelüschen has been a member of the CDU since 2000 and deputy district chairman of her party in Oldenburg-Land since 2001 . Since 2001 , she has been a member of the municipal council of Großenkneten and has served as group leader since 2006 ; she is also a member of the district council of the administrative district Oldenburg since 2006 . In the 2009 general election , Grotelüschen won the constituency Delmenhorst - Wesermarsch - Oldenburg-Land in Lower Saxony with 35.3% of the first votes and thus directly entered the Bundestag . She was able to prevail against Holger Ortel ( SPD ) , who had won the constituency before , and now entered the Bundestag via the state list . The SPD had previously won the constituency for nearly thirty years . On April 19 , 2010 , Grotelüschen was appointed State Minister of Agriculture by Lower Saxony Minister-President Christian Wulff and entered office on April 27 , 2010 as part of the Cabinet Wulff II . She left the Bundestag , and was replaced by Ewa Klamt . On December 17 , 2010 , she resigned from her ministerial office . In the general election on 22 September 2013 , Grotelüschen reappeared in her former constituency , prevailinf narrowly with less than 700 votes ahead and thus entered the 18th German Bundestag , which she has been a member of since its formation in mid-October 2013 . In the 18th legislative term from 2014 until 2017 , Grotelüschen chaired the Subcommittee on Regional Economic Policy and ERP Business Plans . In the 2017 elections , Grotelüschen won the constituency for the third time in a row with 34.1% and a lead of 2063 first votes . She has since been serving on the Committee on Economic Affairs and Energy . In April 2020 , Grotelüschen announced that she would not stand in the 2021 federal elections but instead resign from active politics by the end of the parliamentary term . Controversy . In August 2010 , Grotelüschen was reported by animal rights organization PETA on suspicion of being involved in animal cruelty in turkey poultry farms of the Mecklenburg-Vorpommern grower community , of which Grotelüschens husband holds 30% . The public prosecutor of Oldenburg initiated no investigation against the Grotelüschen family after examination in early October 2010 , since the Grotelüschen family .. . was not responsible for these animal facilities . In December 2010 , Grotelüschen came under criticism again when the public prosecutors office of Oldenburg investigated the slaughterhouse Geestland Putenspezialitäten GmbH und Co . KG in Wildeshausen ( Landkreis Oldenburg ) owned by the PHW Group , in which the turkey hatchery is a limited partner , on suspicion of assistance to illegal employment and illegal temporary employment . An indictment was filed in 2012 , but the trial of the allegations before the district court has not yet taken place as of February 2016 . Personal life . Grotelüschen has three children and lives in Ahlhorn , a village in the municipality of Großenkneten south of Oldenburg . External links . - Personal website - Biography at the Bundestag website |
[
""
] | easy | What organization did Astrid Grotelüschen join in 2014? | /wiki/Astrid_Grotelüschen#P463#2 | Astrid Grotelüschen Astrid Katharina Josefine Grotelüschen ( née Schober 9 December 1964 ) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) who has been serving as a member of the German Bundestag since the 18th general election , having won the direct mandate in the constituency of Delmenhorst – Wesermarsch – Oldenburg-Land in both the 2013 and 2017 general elections . She was already a directly elected member of the German Bundestag from 2009 to 2010 , and from April 2010 until her resignation in December of the same year , State Minister for Food , Agriculture , Consumer Protection and Regional Development of Lower Saxony . Early life and career . Schober was born in Cologne and grew up in Brühl ( Rhineland ) , where she graduated from the Erzbischöfliches St . Ursula-Gymnasium in 1984 . From 1984 to 1990 , she studied food and nutrition science at the University of Bonn and graduated as a certified ecotrophologist . She was the first in her family to graduate from university . During her apprenticeship she worked ( partly as an intern ) in the food industry , the bakery and butcher trade , in canteen kitchens , in retirement homes and in agriculture . In 1990 , she joined the then-family business of her in-laws , Germanys second largest turkey hatchery Ahlhorn , and in 2001 she took over the management together with her husband Garlich Grotelüschen . Political career . Grotelüschen has been a member of the CDU since 2000 and deputy district chairman of her party in Oldenburg-Land since 2001 . Since 2001 , she has been a member of the municipal council of Großenkneten and has served as group leader since 2006 ; she is also a member of the district council of the administrative district Oldenburg since 2006 . In the 2009 general election , Grotelüschen won the constituency Delmenhorst - Wesermarsch - Oldenburg-Land in Lower Saxony with 35.3% of the first votes and thus directly entered the Bundestag . She was able to prevail against Holger Ortel ( SPD ) , who had won the constituency before , and now entered the Bundestag via the state list . The SPD had previously won the constituency for nearly thirty years . On April 19 , 2010 , Grotelüschen was appointed State Minister of Agriculture by Lower Saxony Minister-President Christian Wulff and entered office on April 27 , 2010 as part of the Cabinet Wulff II . She left the Bundestag , and was replaced by Ewa Klamt . On December 17 , 2010 , she resigned from her ministerial office . In the general election on 22 September 2013 , Grotelüschen reappeared in her former constituency , prevailinf narrowly with less than 700 votes ahead and thus entered the 18th German Bundestag , which she has been a member of since its formation in mid-October 2013 . In the 18th legislative term from 2014 until 2017 , Grotelüschen chaired the Subcommittee on Regional Economic Policy and ERP Business Plans . In the 2017 elections , Grotelüschen won the constituency for the third time in a row with 34.1% and a lead of 2063 first votes . She has since been serving on the Committee on Economic Affairs and Energy . In April 2020 , Grotelüschen announced that she would not stand in the 2021 federal elections but instead resign from active politics by the end of the parliamentary term . Controversy . In August 2010 , Grotelüschen was reported by animal rights organization PETA on suspicion of being involved in animal cruelty in turkey poultry farms of the Mecklenburg-Vorpommern grower community , of which Grotelüschens husband holds 30% . The public prosecutor of Oldenburg initiated no investigation against the Grotelüschen family after examination in early October 2010 , since the Grotelüschen family .. . was not responsible for these animal facilities . In December 2010 , Grotelüschen came under criticism again when the public prosecutors office of Oldenburg investigated the slaughterhouse Geestland Putenspezialitäten GmbH und Co . KG in Wildeshausen ( Landkreis Oldenburg ) owned by the PHW Group , in which the turkey hatchery is a limited partner , on suspicion of assistance to illegal employment and illegal temporary employment . An indictment was filed in 2012 , but the trial of the allegations before the district court has not yet taken place as of February 2016 . Personal life . Grotelüschen has three children and lives in Ahlhorn , a village in the municipality of Großenkneten south of Oldenburg . External links . - Personal website - Biography at the Bundestag website |
[
"Barnsley"
] | easy | Mick McCarthy played for which team from 1977 to 1983? | /wiki/Mick_McCarthy#P54#0 | Mick McCarthy Michael Joseph McCarthy ( born 7 February 1959 ) is a professional football manager , pundit , and former player . He is currently the manager of Cardiff City in the EFL Championship . Born in Barnsley , England , with an Irish father , he played for the Republic of Ireland on 57 occasions scoring two goals . McCarthy began his playing career at Barnsley in 1977 , and he later had spells at Manchester City , Celtic , Lyon , and finally Millwall , retiring in 1992 . He went on to manage Millwall , and then the Republic of Ireland . He guided Ireland to the knockout stage of the 2002 FIFA World Cup in South Korea and Japan . He later managed Sunderland , Wolverhampton Wanderers and Ipswich Town . He began a second tenure as manager of the Republic of Ireland football team in November 2018 , leaving the position in April 2020 in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic having guided the team to a Euro 2020 playoff place . He joined Cypriot club APOEL as manager in November 2020 , but was sacked two months later . He has also been a television pundit and commentator , including for the BBC and for Virgin Media Television Club career . Barnsley . Born in Barnsley , Yorkshire , McCarthy made his league debut for then-Fourth Division Barnsley on 20 August 1977 in a 4–0 win over Rochdale . He spent two years in the basement league , before the club won promotion . Two years later , the team again went up to the ( old ) Division 2 . A strong central defender , he was a virtual ever-present for his home town club , but departed in December 1983 for fellow Division 2 club Manchester City . Manchester City . The Maine Road club won promotion in McCarthys first full season and he finally had the chance to play at the highest level . His first season in the top flight was steady enough as the club reached mid-table , but relegation struck the following year . McCarthy himself would not face the drop though as he moved to Celtic in May 1987 . Celtic . He picked up his first silverware at the Scottish club as they won the league and cup double in his first season . The following season McCarthy again won a Scottish Cup winners medal , although the club had to settle for third place in the league . Lyon . McCarthy again moved onto a new country , as he joined Lyon on a three-year contract in July 1989 . Millwall . However , things did not work out for the defender in France and , feeling his international chances were being harmed , he returned to England on loan with top flight Millwall in March 1990 . Despite the London side suffering relegation during his loan period , McCarthy impressed enough to earn a move and he was signed permanently in May 1990 for £200,000 . His appearances in the next two seasons were often limited by injuries and he effectively retired from playing when he took over as manager of the club in 1992 . International career . McCarthy , the son of an Irish-born father , Charlie , is an Irish citizen since birth . He made his Irish international debut in a goalless friendly against Poland on 23 May 1984 , McCarthy soon became a first-choice player and featured in all three of Irelands games at Euro 88 . He went on to become captain , leading to the nickname Captain Fantastic , as per the title of his autobiography . The highlight of McCarthys international career was the second-round penalty shoot-out win over Romania in the 1990 World Cup finals . This led to a crunch tie with hosts Italy in the quarter-final , where Irelands first ever appearance in the finals came to an end , losing 1–0 . McCarthy was the player who committed the most fouls in the 1990 tournament . In total , McCarthy won 57 caps for the Republic of Ireland ; scoring two goals , one against Yugoslavia in April 1988 , the other against the United States in May 1992 . Managerial career . Millwall . McCarthy became player-manager at Millwall in March 1992 , succeeding Bruce Rioch . In his first full season ( 1992–93 ) , he was still registered as a player , but made only one further appearance ( in the Anglo-Italian Cup ) , before he became solely a manager . He took the club to the play-offs in 1993–94 after a strong third-place finish , but they lost out to Derby County in the semi-finals . During the 1995–96 season , McCarthy became the prime candidate for the vacant Republic of Ireland managers job , after the resignation of Jack Charlton . After a protracted period of speculation , McCarthy was officially appointed on 5 February 1996 , two days after his resignation at the club . Despite sitting a comfortable 14 points clear from the relegation zone at the time of his departure , Millwall would go on to suffer the drop ( by virtue of goals scored ) after McCarthys departure . His loan signings of the underachieving Russian internationals Sergei Yuran and Vassili Kulkov from Spartak Moscow , who each received a £150,000 signing-on fee and were being paid five times the wage of the rest of the first team , would later be cited as one of the main reasons Millwall were eventually relegated under Jimmy Nicholl , although it cannot be proven . Republic of Ireland . In February 1996 , McCarthy became the new manager of the Republic of Ireland football team following the resignation of Jack Charlton . McCarthys first game in charge of the Republic of Ireland team was a friendly international against Russia on 27 March 1996 which finished in a 0–2 defeat . After two narrow failures to qualify for the 1998 World Cup and Euro 2000 , McCarthy took the nation to the 2002 World Cup held in South Korea and Japan after a 2–1 play-off aggregate win against Iran . However , their tournament was overshadowed by a very public and bitter spat between McCarthy and the teams star player Roy Keane , who was sent home on the eve of the tournament . The conflict occurred after Keane had questioned the quality of the preparations and facilities the team were using . Despite this furore , McCarthys team reached the second round but were eliminated by Spain in a penalty shoot-out ( after having already missed and scored a penalty in normal time ) , thus fractionally missing out on a quarter-final place . Indeed , the narrowness of the elimination meant Ireland were the ninth best performers at the World Cup , and the fifth best among European teams in the competition . In spite of this , the Keane issue remained , with the proportion of blame undecided . Many in Ireland sided with Keane – particularly following a televised interview in which details of poor preparation were revealed – and demanded McCarthys resignation both during and after the tournament . An independent inquiry into the organisations handling of the squads preparation later commissioned by the FAI created a damning report , leading to general secretary Brendan Menton tendering his resignation . Criticism of McCarthy in the media became increasingly intense after a poor start to Irelands qualifying campaign for Euro 2004 . In particular , his persistence with several players and tactics that some perceived to be inadequate did him damage , as did a 4–2 away defeat to Russia and a 2–1 home defeat to Switzerland . Under mounting pressure , McCarthy resigned from the post on 5 November 2002 . During his 68 games in charge , the Republic of Ireland won 29 , drew 20 and lost 19 . Sunderland . On 12 March 2003 , he was appointed manager of struggling Sunderland as an immediate replacement for Howard Wilkinson , who was sacked after six successive Premiership defeats left the club facing near-certain relegation . McCarthy could not stop Sunderlands slide , and the Black Cats were relegated at the end of the season , but he largely escaped blame and was retained as manager . The following season , McCarthy took Sunderland to the First Division promotion play-offs , but lost in a penalty shoot-out to Crystal Palace after Palace had scored a stoppage-time equaliser . McCarthy completed the turnaround of the club in the 2004–05 season . The Black Cats returned to the Premiership as Football League Championship champions , amassing an impressive 94 points . Life in the Premiership was much tougher for McCarthy though , as he was unable to spend much to strengthen the team . After a poor season and with the club 16 points from safety with only 10 games remaining , he was dismissed on 6 March 2006 . In an ironic postscript , Sunderland eventually appointed Roy Keane as their next permanent manager . Wolverhampton Wanderers . On 21 July 2006 , McCarthy was appointed manager at Championship side Wolverhampton Wanderers , replacing Glenn Hoddle who had departed a fortnight before . The Midlands club faced an uncertain future after having to sell the majority of their first-team players , though despite this situation , McCarthy promised Premier League football at Molineux within three seasons . From this awkward position , McCarthy managed to collect together a team from the clubs youth ranks , and some lower league signings , and free transfers . Despite the lack of expectations , the team managed to make the promotion play-offs in McCarthys first season , but it was third time unlucky for McCarthy in them as the team lost out to local rivals West Bromwich Albion over two legs , losing 3–2 at Molineux and 1–0 at The Hawthorns . In the 2007–08 season he took the club to within a single placing of a successive play-off finish , ending seventh , losing the coveted sixth place to Watford by a goal difference of only one ( although another goal would have been required to overcome Watfords superior goals scored record ) . The campaign had also seen him linked with the international positions of South Korea and his previous post as Republic of Ireland manager . The 2008–09 season started well for McCarthy as he won the August Championship Manager of the Month Award , after seeing his side reach the top of the table , eventually going on to match Wolves record start to a season ( equaling the 1949–50 season ) . Wolves maintained their position at the top of the table over the following months , and McCarthy again won the Manager of the Month Award for November . After maintaining top spot since October , McCarthys Wolves secured promotion to the Premier League by beating QPR 1–0 on 18 April 2009 . The following week McCarthy clinched his second Championship as a manager after a 1–1 draw at his hometown club Barnsley . He won the Championship Manager of the Season Award at the conclusion of the campaign , his side having led the table for 42 of 46 games . The following season , McCarthy kept Wolves in the Premier League , his first success at this level in three attempts . The club assured safety with two games to spare , eventually finishing 15th , their best league finish since 1979–80 , and their first ever survival in the modern Premier League . However , in the process of keeping the team in the top division , Wolves and McCarthy were fined £25,000 for fielding a weakened team for a fixture at Manchester United and thus breaking the Premier League rule E20 . The Premier League also stated that the club had failed to fulfil its obligations to the league and other clubs in the utmost good faith and was therefore in breach of Rule B13 . The clubs second consecutive top flight campaign was a dramatic one . The team spent the majority of the campaign mired in the relegation zone , yet managed to defeat the likes of Manchester City , Manchester United , Liverpool and Chelsea . A final day loss to Blackburn put them in danger of relegation , but results elsewhere meant they narrowly survived in 17th place , one point ahead of relegated Birmingham and Blackpool . This gave McCarthy the distinction of being the first Wolves manager in thirty years to maintain the clubs top flight position for two successive seasons . The 2011–12 season began well for McCarthy and , after three games , his team topped the Premier League with 7 points . However , results tailed off and by January they had once again entered the relegation zone after nine games without victory . That same season Wolves sold £15 million worth of players and with the board allowing McCarthy to spend just £12 million it seemed inevitable when McCarthy was sacked as Wolves manager on 13 February 2012 after a run of poor results , culminating in a 5–1 home defeat to local rivals West Bromwich Albion . At the time of his dismissal , he was the 7th longest-serving current manager in English league football , having spent 5 years and 207 days at Wolves . Ipswich Town . On 1 November 2012 , McCarthy was appointed manager at Championship side Ipswich Town on a two and a half-year contract . McCarthys appointment came in the wake of Paul Jewells departure by mutual consent . McCarthy won his first match in charge as Ipswich manager on 3 November 2012 , away at Birmingham , 0–1 . This broke a 12 match winless run in the league , 13 matches in all competitions . McCarthy guided Ipswich past Burnley on 10 November – the first home win since March after a late DJ Campbell winner . The match ended 2–1 . With a win against Nottingham Forest in late November , his sixth game in charge , McCarthy had successfully guided Ipswich out of the relegation zone . McCarthys Ipswich stopped Millwalls 13-match unbeaten run with a 3–0 home win on 8 December . On 2 February 2013 , McCarthys assistant Terry Connor took charge of a 4–0 rout of Middlesbrough while McCarthy was ill . McCarthy then guided Ipswich to safety , finally finishing in 14th place . Prior to the 2013–14 season , McCarthy had signed 10 new players . McCarthys first full season in charge of Ipswich ended with the club finishing in 9th place . On 30 June 2014 , McCarthy and Terry Connor agreed a new three-year deal with Ipswich . The following season he led the club to their first appearance in the Championship playoffs in ten years with a sixth-placed finish , before losing out to rivals Norwich City in the semi-finals . During the 2015–16 season McCarthy and assistant Terry Connor renewed their contracts for a further two seasons , with the option to extend until 2020 . McCarthy led Ipswich to a 7th-place finish in his third full season at Portman Road . McCarthys fourth full season in charge ended in a 16th-place finish . On 29 March 2018 , Ipswich Town announced that McCarthy would be leaving the club at the end of the 2017–18 season on the expiry of his contract , along with assistant manager Terry Connor , after talks with owner Marcus Evans . He left the club earlier than expected on 10 April 2018 , shortly after a 1–0 home win over Barnsley . Return to the Republic of Ireland . On 25 November 2018 , McCarthy was appointed manager of Republic of Ireland for the second time in his career , replacing Martin ONeill . Robbie Keane , a legend for the national team , was appointed as one of McCarthys assistant coaches , alongside Terry Connor , who had previously assisted McCarthy at both Wolverhampton Wanderers and Ipswich Town . In March 2019 , McCarthy won his first two games in charge , by defeating both Gibraltar and Georgia , in the UEFA Euro 2020 qualifiers in Group D , by 1–0 . In June 2019 , the national team drew 1–1 away to Denmark , before defeating Gibraltar once again , this time by 2–0 , at the Aviva Stadium ; four days later , McCarthy guided them to the top the Group D table , having taken ten points after four games . On 5 September 2019 , McCarthys side once again came from behind to draw 1–1 with Switzerland , which enabled them to remain at the top of their qualifying group , with three matches to play remaining . On 4 April 2020 , amid the global coronavirus pandemic , McCarthy stood down as manager and was immediately replaced by Stephen Kenny , who had been in charge of the nations under-21s . APOEL . McCarthy joined Cypriot First Division club APOEL as manager on 2 November 2020 ; he signed a contract until 2022 . He was sacked by the club on 5 January 2021 following a run of 2 wins , 1 draw and 5 defeats in his 8 games in charge . Cardiff City . On 22 January 2021 , McCarthy was appointed as manager of Cardiff City , following the sacking of Neil Harris . He signed a contract until the end of the season . His reign started with games against two of his former teams from his playing-days ; Barnsley and Millwall - both of which ended as draws . His first win as Cardiff manager came in the following game , a 2–0 win against Bristol City . After making an unbeaten start to his reign at the club , a run that included a 6-game winning streak , McCarthy signed a new two-year deal with the club on 4 March 2021 . Honours . Player . Barnsley - Football League Fourth Division promoted : 1978–79 - Football League Third Division runner-up : 1980–81 Manchester City - Football League Second Division promoted : 1984–85 - Full Members Cup runner-up : 1985–86 Celtic - Scottish Premier League : 1987–88 - Scottish Cup : 1987–88 , 1988–89 Individual - PFA Team of the Year : 1977–78 Fourth Division , 1978–79 Fourth Division , 1980–81 Third Division , 1981–82 Second Division , 1982–83 Second Division , 1983–84 Second Division , 1984–85 Second Division - Barnsley Player of the Year : 1977–78 , 1978–79 , 1980–81 - Manchester City Player of the Year : 1983–84 Manager . Sunderland - Football League Championship : 2004–05 Wolverhampton Wanderers - Football League Championship : 2008–09 Individual - Philips Sports Manager of the Year : 2001 - RTÉ Sports Person of the Year : 2001 - Football League Championship Manager of the Month : March 2005 , August 2008 , November 2008 , September 2014 , November 2015 , February 2021 - LMA Championship Manager of the Year : 2004–05 , 2008–09 |
[
"Manchester City"
] | easy | Which team did Mick McCarthy play for from 1983 to 1984? | /wiki/Mick_McCarthy#P54#1 | Mick McCarthy Michael Joseph McCarthy ( born 7 February 1959 ) is a professional football manager , pundit , and former player . He is currently the manager of Cardiff City in the EFL Championship . Born in Barnsley , England , with an Irish father , he played for the Republic of Ireland on 57 occasions scoring two goals . McCarthy began his playing career at Barnsley in 1977 , and he later had spells at Manchester City , Celtic , Lyon , and finally Millwall , retiring in 1992 . He went on to manage Millwall , and then the Republic of Ireland . He guided Ireland to the knockout stage of the 2002 FIFA World Cup in South Korea and Japan . He later managed Sunderland , Wolverhampton Wanderers and Ipswich Town . He began a second tenure as manager of the Republic of Ireland football team in November 2018 , leaving the position in April 2020 in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic having guided the team to a Euro 2020 playoff place . He joined Cypriot club APOEL as manager in November 2020 , but was sacked two months later . He has also been a television pundit and commentator , including for the BBC and for Virgin Media Television Club career . Barnsley . Born in Barnsley , Yorkshire , McCarthy made his league debut for then-Fourth Division Barnsley on 20 August 1977 in a 4–0 win over Rochdale . He spent two years in the basement league , before the club won promotion . Two years later , the team again went up to the ( old ) Division 2 . A strong central defender , he was a virtual ever-present for his home town club , but departed in December 1983 for fellow Division 2 club Manchester City . Manchester City . The Maine Road club won promotion in McCarthys first full season and he finally had the chance to play at the highest level . His first season in the top flight was steady enough as the club reached mid-table , but relegation struck the following year . McCarthy himself would not face the drop though as he moved to Celtic in May 1987 . Celtic . He picked up his first silverware at the Scottish club as they won the league and cup double in his first season . The following season McCarthy again won a Scottish Cup winners medal , although the club had to settle for third place in the league . Lyon . McCarthy again moved onto a new country , as he joined Lyon on a three-year contract in July 1989 . Millwall . However , things did not work out for the defender in France and , feeling his international chances were being harmed , he returned to England on loan with top flight Millwall in March 1990 . Despite the London side suffering relegation during his loan period , McCarthy impressed enough to earn a move and he was signed permanently in May 1990 for £200,000 . His appearances in the next two seasons were often limited by injuries and he effectively retired from playing when he took over as manager of the club in 1992 . International career . McCarthy , the son of an Irish-born father , Charlie , is an Irish citizen since birth . He made his Irish international debut in a goalless friendly against Poland on 23 May 1984 , McCarthy soon became a first-choice player and featured in all three of Irelands games at Euro 88 . He went on to become captain , leading to the nickname Captain Fantastic , as per the title of his autobiography . The highlight of McCarthys international career was the second-round penalty shoot-out win over Romania in the 1990 World Cup finals . This led to a crunch tie with hosts Italy in the quarter-final , where Irelands first ever appearance in the finals came to an end , losing 1–0 . McCarthy was the player who committed the most fouls in the 1990 tournament . In total , McCarthy won 57 caps for the Republic of Ireland ; scoring two goals , one against Yugoslavia in April 1988 , the other against the United States in May 1992 . Managerial career . Millwall . McCarthy became player-manager at Millwall in March 1992 , succeeding Bruce Rioch . In his first full season ( 1992–93 ) , he was still registered as a player , but made only one further appearance ( in the Anglo-Italian Cup ) , before he became solely a manager . He took the club to the play-offs in 1993–94 after a strong third-place finish , but they lost out to Derby County in the semi-finals . During the 1995–96 season , McCarthy became the prime candidate for the vacant Republic of Ireland managers job , after the resignation of Jack Charlton . After a protracted period of speculation , McCarthy was officially appointed on 5 February 1996 , two days after his resignation at the club . Despite sitting a comfortable 14 points clear from the relegation zone at the time of his departure , Millwall would go on to suffer the drop ( by virtue of goals scored ) after McCarthys departure . His loan signings of the underachieving Russian internationals Sergei Yuran and Vassili Kulkov from Spartak Moscow , who each received a £150,000 signing-on fee and were being paid five times the wage of the rest of the first team , would later be cited as one of the main reasons Millwall were eventually relegated under Jimmy Nicholl , although it cannot be proven . Republic of Ireland . In February 1996 , McCarthy became the new manager of the Republic of Ireland football team following the resignation of Jack Charlton . McCarthys first game in charge of the Republic of Ireland team was a friendly international against Russia on 27 March 1996 which finished in a 0–2 defeat . After two narrow failures to qualify for the 1998 World Cup and Euro 2000 , McCarthy took the nation to the 2002 World Cup held in South Korea and Japan after a 2–1 play-off aggregate win against Iran . However , their tournament was overshadowed by a very public and bitter spat between McCarthy and the teams star player Roy Keane , who was sent home on the eve of the tournament . The conflict occurred after Keane had questioned the quality of the preparations and facilities the team were using . Despite this furore , McCarthys team reached the second round but were eliminated by Spain in a penalty shoot-out ( after having already missed and scored a penalty in normal time ) , thus fractionally missing out on a quarter-final place . Indeed , the narrowness of the elimination meant Ireland were the ninth best performers at the World Cup , and the fifth best among European teams in the competition . In spite of this , the Keane issue remained , with the proportion of blame undecided . Many in Ireland sided with Keane – particularly following a televised interview in which details of poor preparation were revealed – and demanded McCarthys resignation both during and after the tournament . An independent inquiry into the organisations handling of the squads preparation later commissioned by the FAI created a damning report , leading to general secretary Brendan Menton tendering his resignation . Criticism of McCarthy in the media became increasingly intense after a poor start to Irelands qualifying campaign for Euro 2004 . In particular , his persistence with several players and tactics that some perceived to be inadequate did him damage , as did a 4–2 away defeat to Russia and a 2–1 home defeat to Switzerland . Under mounting pressure , McCarthy resigned from the post on 5 November 2002 . During his 68 games in charge , the Republic of Ireland won 29 , drew 20 and lost 19 . Sunderland . On 12 March 2003 , he was appointed manager of struggling Sunderland as an immediate replacement for Howard Wilkinson , who was sacked after six successive Premiership defeats left the club facing near-certain relegation . McCarthy could not stop Sunderlands slide , and the Black Cats were relegated at the end of the season , but he largely escaped blame and was retained as manager . The following season , McCarthy took Sunderland to the First Division promotion play-offs , but lost in a penalty shoot-out to Crystal Palace after Palace had scored a stoppage-time equaliser . McCarthy completed the turnaround of the club in the 2004–05 season . The Black Cats returned to the Premiership as Football League Championship champions , amassing an impressive 94 points . Life in the Premiership was much tougher for McCarthy though , as he was unable to spend much to strengthen the team . After a poor season and with the club 16 points from safety with only 10 games remaining , he was dismissed on 6 March 2006 . In an ironic postscript , Sunderland eventually appointed Roy Keane as their next permanent manager . Wolverhampton Wanderers . On 21 July 2006 , McCarthy was appointed manager at Championship side Wolverhampton Wanderers , replacing Glenn Hoddle who had departed a fortnight before . The Midlands club faced an uncertain future after having to sell the majority of their first-team players , though despite this situation , McCarthy promised Premier League football at Molineux within three seasons . From this awkward position , McCarthy managed to collect together a team from the clubs youth ranks , and some lower league signings , and free transfers . Despite the lack of expectations , the team managed to make the promotion play-offs in McCarthys first season , but it was third time unlucky for McCarthy in them as the team lost out to local rivals West Bromwich Albion over two legs , losing 3–2 at Molineux and 1–0 at The Hawthorns . In the 2007–08 season he took the club to within a single placing of a successive play-off finish , ending seventh , losing the coveted sixth place to Watford by a goal difference of only one ( although another goal would have been required to overcome Watfords superior goals scored record ) . The campaign had also seen him linked with the international positions of South Korea and his previous post as Republic of Ireland manager . The 2008–09 season started well for McCarthy as he won the August Championship Manager of the Month Award , after seeing his side reach the top of the table , eventually going on to match Wolves record start to a season ( equaling the 1949–50 season ) . Wolves maintained their position at the top of the table over the following months , and McCarthy again won the Manager of the Month Award for November . After maintaining top spot since October , McCarthys Wolves secured promotion to the Premier League by beating QPR 1–0 on 18 April 2009 . The following week McCarthy clinched his second Championship as a manager after a 1–1 draw at his hometown club Barnsley . He won the Championship Manager of the Season Award at the conclusion of the campaign , his side having led the table for 42 of 46 games . The following season , McCarthy kept Wolves in the Premier League , his first success at this level in three attempts . The club assured safety with two games to spare , eventually finishing 15th , their best league finish since 1979–80 , and their first ever survival in the modern Premier League . However , in the process of keeping the team in the top division , Wolves and McCarthy were fined £25,000 for fielding a weakened team for a fixture at Manchester United and thus breaking the Premier League rule E20 . The Premier League also stated that the club had failed to fulfil its obligations to the league and other clubs in the utmost good faith and was therefore in breach of Rule B13 . The clubs second consecutive top flight campaign was a dramatic one . The team spent the majority of the campaign mired in the relegation zone , yet managed to defeat the likes of Manchester City , Manchester United , Liverpool and Chelsea . A final day loss to Blackburn put them in danger of relegation , but results elsewhere meant they narrowly survived in 17th place , one point ahead of relegated Birmingham and Blackpool . This gave McCarthy the distinction of being the first Wolves manager in thirty years to maintain the clubs top flight position for two successive seasons . The 2011–12 season began well for McCarthy and , after three games , his team topped the Premier League with 7 points . However , results tailed off and by January they had once again entered the relegation zone after nine games without victory . That same season Wolves sold £15 million worth of players and with the board allowing McCarthy to spend just £12 million it seemed inevitable when McCarthy was sacked as Wolves manager on 13 February 2012 after a run of poor results , culminating in a 5–1 home defeat to local rivals West Bromwich Albion . At the time of his dismissal , he was the 7th longest-serving current manager in English league football , having spent 5 years and 207 days at Wolves . Ipswich Town . On 1 November 2012 , McCarthy was appointed manager at Championship side Ipswich Town on a two and a half-year contract . McCarthys appointment came in the wake of Paul Jewells departure by mutual consent . McCarthy won his first match in charge as Ipswich manager on 3 November 2012 , away at Birmingham , 0–1 . This broke a 12 match winless run in the league , 13 matches in all competitions . McCarthy guided Ipswich past Burnley on 10 November – the first home win since March after a late DJ Campbell winner . The match ended 2–1 . With a win against Nottingham Forest in late November , his sixth game in charge , McCarthy had successfully guided Ipswich out of the relegation zone . McCarthys Ipswich stopped Millwalls 13-match unbeaten run with a 3–0 home win on 8 December . On 2 February 2013 , McCarthys assistant Terry Connor took charge of a 4–0 rout of Middlesbrough while McCarthy was ill . McCarthy then guided Ipswich to safety , finally finishing in 14th place . Prior to the 2013–14 season , McCarthy had signed 10 new players . McCarthys first full season in charge of Ipswich ended with the club finishing in 9th place . On 30 June 2014 , McCarthy and Terry Connor agreed a new three-year deal with Ipswich . The following season he led the club to their first appearance in the Championship playoffs in ten years with a sixth-placed finish , before losing out to rivals Norwich City in the semi-finals . During the 2015–16 season McCarthy and assistant Terry Connor renewed their contracts for a further two seasons , with the option to extend until 2020 . McCarthy led Ipswich to a 7th-place finish in his third full season at Portman Road . McCarthys fourth full season in charge ended in a 16th-place finish . On 29 March 2018 , Ipswich Town announced that McCarthy would be leaving the club at the end of the 2017–18 season on the expiry of his contract , along with assistant manager Terry Connor , after talks with owner Marcus Evans . He left the club earlier than expected on 10 April 2018 , shortly after a 1–0 home win over Barnsley . Return to the Republic of Ireland . On 25 November 2018 , McCarthy was appointed manager of Republic of Ireland for the second time in his career , replacing Martin ONeill . Robbie Keane , a legend for the national team , was appointed as one of McCarthys assistant coaches , alongside Terry Connor , who had previously assisted McCarthy at both Wolverhampton Wanderers and Ipswich Town . In March 2019 , McCarthy won his first two games in charge , by defeating both Gibraltar and Georgia , in the UEFA Euro 2020 qualifiers in Group D , by 1–0 . In June 2019 , the national team drew 1–1 away to Denmark , before defeating Gibraltar once again , this time by 2–0 , at the Aviva Stadium ; four days later , McCarthy guided them to the top the Group D table , having taken ten points after four games . On 5 September 2019 , McCarthys side once again came from behind to draw 1–1 with Switzerland , which enabled them to remain at the top of their qualifying group , with three matches to play remaining . On 4 April 2020 , amid the global coronavirus pandemic , McCarthy stood down as manager and was immediately replaced by Stephen Kenny , who had been in charge of the nations under-21s . APOEL . McCarthy joined Cypriot First Division club APOEL as manager on 2 November 2020 ; he signed a contract until 2022 . He was sacked by the club on 5 January 2021 following a run of 2 wins , 1 draw and 5 defeats in his 8 games in charge . Cardiff City . On 22 January 2021 , McCarthy was appointed as manager of Cardiff City , following the sacking of Neil Harris . He signed a contract until the end of the season . His reign started with games against two of his former teams from his playing-days ; Barnsley and Millwall - both of which ended as draws . His first win as Cardiff manager came in the following game , a 2–0 win against Bristol City . After making an unbeaten start to his reign at the club , a run that included a 6-game winning streak , McCarthy signed a new two-year deal with the club on 4 March 2021 . Honours . Player . Barnsley - Football League Fourth Division promoted : 1978–79 - Football League Third Division runner-up : 1980–81 Manchester City - Football League Second Division promoted : 1984–85 - Full Members Cup runner-up : 1985–86 Celtic - Scottish Premier League : 1987–88 - Scottish Cup : 1987–88 , 1988–89 Individual - PFA Team of the Year : 1977–78 Fourth Division , 1978–79 Fourth Division , 1980–81 Third Division , 1981–82 Second Division , 1982–83 Second Division , 1983–84 Second Division , 1984–85 Second Division - Barnsley Player of the Year : 1977–78 , 1978–79 , 1980–81 - Manchester City Player of the Year : 1983–84 Manager . Sunderland - Football League Championship : 2004–05 Wolverhampton Wanderers - Football League Championship : 2008–09 Individual - Philips Sports Manager of the Year : 2001 - RTÉ Sports Person of the Year : 2001 - Football League Championship Manager of the Month : March 2005 , August 2008 , November 2008 , September 2014 , November 2015 , February 2021 - LMA Championship Manager of the Year : 2004–05 , 2008–09 |
[
"Manchester City"
] | easy | Which team did Mick McCarthy play for from 1984 to 1987? | /wiki/Mick_McCarthy#P54#2 | Mick McCarthy Michael Joseph McCarthy ( born 7 February 1959 ) is a professional football manager , pundit , and former player . He is currently the manager of Cardiff City in the EFL Championship . Born in Barnsley , England , with an Irish father , he played for the Republic of Ireland on 57 occasions scoring two goals . McCarthy began his playing career at Barnsley in 1977 , and he later had spells at Manchester City , Celtic , Lyon , and finally Millwall , retiring in 1992 . He went on to manage Millwall , and then the Republic of Ireland . He guided Ireland to the knockout stage of the 2002 FIFA World Cup in South Korea and Japan . He later managed Sunderland , Wolverhampton Wanderers and Ipswich Town . He began a second tenure as manager of the Republic of Ireland football team in November 2018 , leaving the position in April 2020 in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic having guided the team to a Euro 2020 playoff place . He joined Cypriot club APOEL as manager in November 2020 , but was sacked two months later . He has also been a television pundit and commentator , including for the BBC and for Virgin Media Television Club career . Barnsley . Born in Barnsley , Yorkshire , McCarthy made his league debut for then-Fourth Division Barnsley on 20 August 1977 in a 4–0 win over Rochdale . He spent two years in the basement league , before the club won promotion . Two years later , the team again went up to the ( old ) Division 2 . A strong central defender , he was a virtual ever-present for his home town club , but departed in December 1983 for fellow Division 2 club Manchester City . Manchester City . The Maine Road club won promotion in McCarthys first full season and he finally had the chance to play at the highest level . His first season in the top flight was steady enough as the club reached mid-table , but relegation struck the following year . McCarthy himself would not face the drop though as he moved to Celtic in May 1987 . Celtic . He picked up his first silverware at the Scottish club as they won the league and cup double in his first season . The following season McCarthy again won a Scottish Cup winners medal , although the club had to settle for third place in the league . Lyon . McCarthy again moved onto a new country , as he joined Lyon on a three-year contract in July 1989 . Millwall . However , things did not work out for the defender in France and , feeling his international chances were being harmed , he returned to England on loan with top flight Millwall in March 1990 . Despite the London side suffering relegation during his loan period , McCarthy impressed enough to earn a move and he was signed permanently in May 1990 for £200,000 . His appearances in the next two seasons were often limited by injuries and he effectively retired from playing when he took over as manager of the club in 1992 . International career . McCarthy , the son of an Irish-born father , Charlie , is an Irish citizen since birth . He made his Irish international debut in a goalless friendly against Poland on 23 May 1984 , McCarthy soon became a first-choice player and featured in all three of Irelands games at Euro 88 . He went on to become captain , leading to the nickname Captain Fantastic , as per the title of his autobiography . The highlight of McCarthys international career was the second-round penalty shoot-out win over Romania in the 1990 World Cup finals . This led to a crunch tie with hosts Italy in the quarter-final , where Irelands first ever appearance in the finals came to an end , losing 1–0 . McCarthy was the player who committed the most fouls in the 1990 tournament . In total , McCarthy won 57 caps for the Republic of Ireland ; scoring two goals , one against Yugoslavia in April 1988 , the other against the United States in May 1992 . Managerial career . Millwall . McCarthy became player-manager at Millwall in March 1992 , succeeding Bruce Rioch . In his first full season ( 1992–93 ) , he was still registered as a player , but made only one further appearance ( in the Anglo-Italian Cup ) , before he became solely a manager . He took the club to the play-offs in 1993–94 after a strong third-place finish , but they lost out to Derby County in the semi-finals . During the 1995–96 season , McCarthy became the prime candidate for the vacant Republic of Ireland managers job , after the resignation of Jack Charlton . After a protracted period of speculation , McCarthy was officially appointed on 5 February 1996 , two days after his resignation at the club . Despite sitting a comfortable 14 points clear from the relegation zone at the time of his departure , Millwall would go on to suffer the drop ( by virtue of goals scored ) after McCarthys departure . His loan signings of the underachieving Russian internationals Sergei Yuran and Vassili Kulkov from Spartak Moscow , who each received a £150,000 signing-on fee and were being paid five times the wage of the rest of the first team , would later be cited as one of the main reasons Millwall were eventually relegated under Jimmy Nicholl , although it cannot be proven . Republic of Ireland . In February 1996 , McCarthy became the new manager of the Republic of Ireland football team following the resignation of Jack Charlton . McCarthys first game in charge of the Republic of Ireland team was a friendly international against Russia on 27 March 1996 which finished in a 0–2 defeat . After two narrow failures to qualify for the 1998 World Cup and Euro 2000 , McCarthy took the nation to the 2002 World Cup held in South Korea and Japan after a 2–1 play-off aggregate win against Iran . However , their tournament was overshadowed by a very public and bitter spat between McCarthy and the teams star player Roy Keane , who was sent home on the eve of the tournament . The conflict occurred after Keane had questioned the quality of the preparations and facilities the team were using . Despite this furore , McCarthys team reached the second round but were eliminated by Spain in a penalty shoot-out ( after having already missed and scored a penalty in normal time ) , thus fractionally missing out on a quarter-final place . Indeed , the narrowness of the elimination meant Ireland were the ninth best performers at the World Cup , and the fifth best among European teams in the competition . In spite of this , the Keane issue remained , with the proportion of blame undecided . Many in Ireland sided with Keane – particularly following a televised interview in which details of poor preparation were revealed – and demanded McCarthys resignation both during and after the tournament . An independent inquiry into the organisations handling of the squads preparation later commissioned by the FAI created a damning report , leading to general secretary Brendan Menton tendering his resignation . Criticism of McCarthy in the media became increasingly intense after a poor start to Irelands qualifying campaign for Euro 2004 . In particular , his persistence with several players and tactics that some perceived to be inadequate did him damage , as did a 4–2 away defeat to Russia and a 2–1 home defeat to Switzerland . Under mounting pressure , McCarthy resigned from the post on 5 November 2002 . During his 68 games in charge , the Republic of Ireland won 29 , drew 20 and lost 19 . Sunderland . On 12 March 2003 , he was appointed manager of struggling Sunderland as an immediate replacement for Howard Wilkinson , who was sacked after six successive Premiership defeats left the club facing near-certain relegation . McCarthy could not stop Sunderlands slide , and the Black Cats were relegated at the end of the season , but he largely escaped blame and was retained as manager . The following season , McCarthy took Sunderland to the First Division promotion play-offs , but lost in a penalty shoot-out to Crystal Palace after Palace had scored a stoppage-time equaliser . McCarthy completed the turnaround of the club in the 2004–05 season . The Black Cats returned to the Premiership as Football League Championship champions , amassing an impressive 94 points . Life in the Premiership was much tougher for McCarthy though , as he was unable to spend much to strengthen the team . After a poor season and with the club 16 points from safety with only 10 games remaining , he was dismissed on 6 March 2006 . In an ironic postscript , Sunderland eventually appointed Roy Keane as their next permanent manager . Wolverhampton Wanderers . On 21 July 2006 , McCarthy was appointed manager at Championship side Wolverhampton Wanderers , replacing Glenn Hoddle who had departed a fortnight before . The Midlands club faced an uncertain future after having to sell the majority of their first-team players , though despite this situation , McCarthy promised Premier League football at Molineux within three seasons . From this awkward position , McCarthy managed to collect together a team from the clubs youth ranks , and some lower league signings , and free transfers . Despite the lack of expectations , the team managed to make the promotion play-offs in McCarthys first season , but it was third time unlucky for McCarthy in them as the team lost out to local rivals West Bromwich Albion over two legs , losing 3–2 at Molineux and 1–0 at The Hawthorns . In the 2007–08 season he took the club to within a single placing of a successive play-off finish , ending seventh , losing the coveted sixth place to Watford by a goal difference of only one ( although another goal would have been required to overcome Watfords superior goals scored record ) . The campaign had also seen him linked with the international positions of South Korea and his previous post as Republic of Ireland manager . The 2008–09 season started well for McCarthy as he won the August Championship Manager of the Month Award , after seeing his side reach the top of the table , eventually going on to match Wolves record start to a season ( equaling the 1949–50 season ) . Wolves maintained their position at the top of the table over the following months , and McCarthy again won the Manager of the Month Award for November . After maintaining top spot since October , McCarthys Wolves secured promotion to the Premier League by beating QPR 1–0 on 18 April 2009 . The following week McCarthy clinched his second Championship as a manager after a 1–1 draw at his hometown club Barnsley . He won the Championship Manager of the Season Award at the conclusion of the campaign , his side having led the table for 42 of 46 games . The following season , McCarthy kept Wolves in the Premier League , his first success at this level in three attempts . The club assured safety with two games to spare , eventually finishing 15th , their best league finish since 1979–80 , and their first ever survival in the modern Premier League . However , in the process of keeping the team in the top division , Wolves and McCarthy were fined £25,000 for fielding a weakened team for a fixture at Manchester United and thus breaking the Premier League rule E20 . The Premier League also stated that the club had failed to fulfil its obligations to the league and other clubs in the utmost good faith and was therefore in breach of Rule B13 . The clubs second consecutive top flight campaign was a dramatic one . The team spent the majority of the campaign mired in the relegation zone , yet managed to defeat the likes of Manchester City , Manchester United , Liverpool and Chelsea . A final day loss to Blackburn put them in danger of relegation , but results elsewhere meant they narrowly survived in 17th place , one point ahead of relegated Birmingham and Blackpool . This gave McCarthy the distinction of being the first Wolves manager in thirty years to maintain the clubs top flight position for two successive seasons . The 2011–12 season began well for McCarthy and , after three games , his team topped the Premier League with 7 points . However , results tailed off and by January they had once again entered the relegation zone after nine games without victory . That same season Wolves sold £15 million worth of players and with the board allowing McCarthy to spend just £12 million it seemed inevitable when McCarthy was sacked as Wolves manager on 13 February 2012 after a run of poor results , culminating in a 5–1 home defeat to local rivals West Bromwich Albion . At the time of his dismissal , he was the 7th longest-serving current manager in English league football , having spent 5 years and 207 days at Wolves . Ipswich Town . On 1 November 2012 , McCarthy was appointed manager at Championship side Ipswich Town on a two and a half-year contract . McCarthys appointment came in the wake of Paul Jewells departure by mutual consent . McCarthy won his first match in charge as Ipswich manager on 3 November 2012 , away at Birmingham , 0–1 . This broke a 12 match winless run in the league , 13 matches in all competitions . McCarthy guided Ipswich past Burnley on 10 November – the first home win since March after a late DJ Campbell winner . The match ended 2–1 . With a win against Nottingham Forest in late November , his sixth game in charge , McCarthy had successfully guided Ipswich out of the relegation zone . McCarthys Ipswich stopped Millwalls 13-match unbeaten run with a 3–0 home win on 8 December . On 2 February 2013 , McCarthys assistant Terry Connor took charge of a 4–0 rout of Middlesbrough while McCarthy was ill . McCarthy then guided Ipswich to safety , finally finishing in 14th place . Prior to the 2013–14 season , McCarthy had signed 10 new players . McCarthys first full season in charge of Ipswich ended with the club finishing in 9th place . On 30 June 2014 , McCarthy and Terry Connor agreed a new three-year deal with Ipswich . The following season he led the club to their first appearance in the Championship playoffs in ten years with a sixth-placed finish , before losing out to rivals Norwich City in the semi-finals . During the 2015–16 season McCarthy and assistant Terry Connor renewed their contracts for a further two seasons , with the option to extend until 2020 . McCarthy led Ipswich to a 7th-place finish in his third full season at Portman Road . McCarthys fourth full season in charge ended in a 16th-place finish . On 29 March 2018 , Ipswich Town announced that McCarthy would be leaving the club at the end of the 2017–18 season on the expiry of his contract , along with assistant manager Terry Connor , after talks with owner Marcus Evans . He left the club earlier than expected on 10 April 2018 , shortly after a 1–0 home win over Barnsley . Return to the Republic of Ireland . On 25 November 2018 , McCarthy was appointed manager of Republic of Ireland for the second time in his career , replacing Martin ONeill . Robbie Keane , a legend for the national team , was appointed as one of McCarthys assistant coaches , alongside Terry Connor , who had previously assisted McCarthy at both Wolverhampton Wanderers and Ipswich Town . In March 2019 , McCarthy won his first two games in charge , by defeating both Gibraltar and Georgia , in the UEFA Euro 2020 qualifiers in Group D , by 1–0 . In June 2019 , the national team drew 1–1 away to Denmark , before defeating Gibraltar once again , this time by 2–0 , at the Aviva Stadium ; four days later , McCarthy guided them to the top the Group D table , having taken ten points after four games . On 5 September 2019 , McCarthys side once again came from behind to draw 1–1 with Switzerland , which enabled them to remain at the top of their qualifying group , with three matches to play remaining . On 4 April 2020 , amid the global coronavirus pandemic , McCarthy stood down as manager and was immediately replaced by Stephen Kenny , who had been in charge of the nations under-21s . APOEL . McCarthy joined Cypriot First Division club APOEL as manager on 2 November 2020 ; he signed a contract until 2022 . He was sacked by the club on 5 January 2021 following a run of 2 wins , 1 draw and 5 defeats in his 8 games in charge . Cardiff City . On 22 January 2021 , McCarthy was appointed as manager of Cardiff City , following the sacking of Neil Harris . He signed a contract until the end of the season . His reign started with games against two of his former teams from his playing-days ; Barnsley and Millwall - both of which ended as draws . His first win as Cardiff manager came in the following game , a 2–0 win against Bristol City . After making an unbeaten start to his reign at the club , a run that included a 6-game winning streak , McCarthy signed a new two-year deal with the club on 4 March 2021 . Honours . Player . Barnsley - Football League Fourth Division promoted : 1978–79 - Football League Third Division runner-up : 1980–81 Manchester City - Football League Second Division promoted : 1984–85 - Full Members Cup runner-up : 1985–86 Celtic - Scottish Premier League : 1987–88 - Scottish Cup : 1987–88 , 1988–89 Individual - PFA Team of the Year : 1977–78 Fourth Division , 1978–79 Fourth Division , 1980–81 Third Division , 1981–82 Second Division , 1982–83 Second Division , 1983–84 Second Division , 1984–85 Second Division - Barnsley Player of the Year : 1977–78 , 1978–79 , 1980–81 - Manchester City Player of the Year : 1983–84 Manager . Sunderland - Football League Championship : 2004–05 Wolverhampton Wanderers - Football League Championship : 2008–09 Individual - Philips Sports Manager of the Year : 2001 - RTÉ Sports Person of the Year : 2001 - Football League Championship Manager of the Month : March 2005 , August 2008 , November 2008 , September 2014 , November 2015 , February 2021 - LMA Championship Manager of the Year : 2004–05 , 2008–09 |
[
"Celtic"
] | easy | Mick McCarthy played for which team from 1987 to 1989? | /wiki/Mick_McCarthy#P54#3 | Mick McCarthy Michael Joseph McCarthy ( born 7 February 1959 ) is a professional football manager , pundit , and former player . He is currently the manager of Cardiff City in the EFL Championship . Born in Barnsley , England , with an Irish father , he played for the Republic of Ireland on 57 occasions scoring two goals . McCarthy began his playing career at Barnsley in 1977 , and he later had spells at Manchester City , Celtic , Lyon , and finally Millwall , retiring in 1992 . He went on to manage Millwall , and then the Republic of Ireland . He guided Ireland to the knockout stage of the 2002 FIFA World Cup in South Korea and Japan . He later managed Sunderland , Wolverhampton Wanderers and Ipswich Town . He began a second tenure as manager of the Republic of Ireland football team in November 2018 , leaving the position in April 2020 in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic having guided the team to a Euro 2020 playoff place . He joined Cypriot club APOEL as manager in November 2020 , but was sacked two months later . He has also been a television pundit and commentator , including for the BBC and for Virgin Media Television Club career . Barnsley . Born in Barnsley , Yorkshire , McCarthy made his league debut for then-Fourth Division Barnsley on 20 August 1977 in a 4–0 win over Rochdale . He spent two years in the basement league , before the club won promotion . Two years later , the team again went up to the ( old ) Division 2 . A strong central defender , he was a virtual ever-present for his home town club , but departed in December 1983 for fellow Division 2 club Manchester City . Manchester City . The Maine Road club won promotion in McCarthys first full season and he finally had the chance to play at the highest level . His first season in the top flight was steady enough as the club reached mid-table , but relegation struck the following year . McCarthy himself would not face the drop though as he moved to Celtic in May 1987 . Celtic . He picked up his first silverware at the Scottish club as they won the league and cup double in his first season . The following season McCarthy again won a Scottish Cup winners medal , although the club had to settle for third place in the league . Lyon . McCarthy again moved onto a new country , as he joined Lyon on a three-year contract in July 1989 . Millwall . However , things did not work out for the defender in France and , feeling his international chances were being harmed , he returned to England on loan with top flight Millwall in March 1990 . Despite the London side suffering relegation during his loan period , McCarthy impressed enough to earn a move and he was signed permanently in May 1990 for £200,000 . His appearances in the next two seasons were often limited by injuries and he effectively retired from playing when he took over as manager of the club in 1992 . International career . McCarthy , the son of an Irish-born father , Charlie , is an Irish citizen since birth . He made his Irish international debut in a goalless friendly against Poland on 23 May 1984 , McCarthy soon became a first-choice player and featured in all three of Irelands games at Euro 88 . He went on to become captain , leading to the nickname Captain Fantastic , as per the title of his autobiography . The highlight of McCarthys international career was the second-round penalty shoot-out win over Romania in the 1990 World Cup finals . This led to a crunch tie with hosts Italy in the quarter-final , where Irelands first ever appearance in the finals came to an end , losing 1–0 . McCarthy was the player who committed the most fouls in the 1990 tournament . In total , McCarthy won 57 caps for the Republic of Ireland ; scoring two goals , one against Yugoslavia in April 1988 , the other against the United States in May 1992 . Managerial career . Millwall . McCarthy became player-manager at Millwall in March 1992 , succeeding Bruce Rioch . In his first full season ( 1992–93 ) , he was still registered as a player , but made only one further appearance ( in the Anglo-Italian Cup ) , before he became solely a manager . He took the club to the play-offs in 1993–94 after a strong third-place finish , but they lost out to Derby County in the semi-finals . During the 1995–96 season , McCarthy became the prime candidate for the vacant Republic of Ireland managers job , after the resignation of Jack Charlton . After a protracted period of speculation , McCarthy was officially appointed on 5 February 1996 , two days after his resignation at the club . Despite sitting a comfortable 14 points clear from the relegation zone at the time of his departure , Millwall would go on to suffer the drop ( by virtue of goals scored ) after McCarthys departure . His loan signings of the underachieving Russian internationals Sergei Yuran and Vassili Kulkov from Spartak Moscow , who each received a £150,000 signing-on fee and were being paid five times the wage of the rest of the first team , would later be cited as one of the main reasons Millwall were eventually relegated under Jimmy Nicholl , although it cannot be proven . Republic of Ireland . In February 1996 , McCarthy became the new manager of the Republic of Ireland football team following the resignation of Jack Charlton . McCarthys first game in charge of the Republic of Ireland team was a friendly international against Russia on 27 March 1996 which finished in a 0–2 defeat . After two narrow failures to qualify for the 1998 World Cup and Euro 2000 , McCarthy took the nation to the 2002 World Cup held in South Korea and Japan after a 2–1 play-off aggregate win against Iran . However , their tournament was overshadowed by a very public and bitter spat between McCarthy and the teams star player Roy Keane , who was sent home on the eve of the tournament . The conflict occurred after Keane had questioned the quality of the preparations and facilities the team were using . Despite this furore , McCarthys team reached the second round but were eliminated by Spain in a penalty shoot-out ( after having already missed and scored a penalty in normal time ) , thus fractionally missing out on a quarter-final place . Indeed , the narrowness of the elimination meant Ireland were the ninth best performers at the World Cup , and the fifth best among European teams in the competition . In spite of this , the Keane issue remained , with the proportion of blame undecided . Many in Ireland sided with Keane – particularly following a televised interview in which details of poor preparation were revealed – and demanded McCarthys resignation both during and after the tournament . An independent inquiry into the organisations handling of the squads preparation later commissioned by the FAI created a damning report , leading to general secretary Brendan Menton tendering his resignation . Criticism of McCarthy in the media became increasingly intense after a poor start to Irelands qualifying campaign for Euro 2004 . In particular , his persistence with several players and tactics that some perceived to be inadequate did him damage , as did a 4–2 away defeat to Russia and a 2–1 home defeat to Switzerland . Under mounting pressure , McCarthy resigned from the post on 5 November 2002 . During his 68 games in charge , the Republic of Ireland won 29 , drew 20 and lost 19 . Sunderland . On 12 March 2003 , he was appointed manager of struggling Sunderland as an immediate replacement for Howard Wilkinson , who was sacked after six successive Premiership defeats left the club facing near-certain relegation . McCarthy could not stop Sunderlands slide , and the Black Cats were relegated at the end of the season , but he largely escaped blame and was retained as manager . The following season , McCarthy took Sunderland to the First Division promotion play-offs , but lost in a penalty shoot-out to Crystal Palace after Palace had scored a stoppage-time equaliser . McCarthy completed the turnaround of the club in the 2004–05 season . The Black Cats returned to the Premiership as Football League Championship champions , amassing an impressive 94 points . Life in the Premiership was much tougher for McCarthy though , as he was unable to spend much to strengthen the team . After a poor season and with the club 16 points from safety with only 10 games remaining , he was dismissed on 6 March 2006 . In an ironic postscript , Sunderland eventually appointed Roy Keane as their next permanent manager . Wolverhampton Wanderers . On 21 July 2006 , McCarthy was appointed manager at Championship side Wolverhampton Wanderers , replacing Glenn Hoddle who had departed a fortnight before . The Midlands club faced an uncertain future after having to sell the majority of their first-team players , though despite this situation , McCarthy promised Premier League football at Molineux within three seasons . From this awkward position , McCarthy managed to collect together a team from the clubs youth ranks , and some lower league signings , and free transfers . Despite the lack of expectations , the team managed to make the promotion play-offs in McCarthys first season , but it was third time unlucky for McCarthy in them as the team lost out to local rivals West Bromwich Albion over two legs , losing 3–2 at Molineux and 1–0 at The Hawthorns . In the 2007–08 season he took the club to within a single placing of a successive play-off finish , ending seventh , losing the coveted sixth place to Watford by a goal difference of only one ( although another goal would have been required to overcome Watfords superior goals scored record ) . The campaign had also seen him linked with the international positions of South Korea and his previous post as Republic of Ireland manager . The 2008–09 season started well for McCarthy as he won the August Championship Manager of the Month Award , after seeing his side reach the top of the table , eventually going on to match Wolves record start to a season ( equaling the 1949–50 season ) . Wolves maintained their position at the top of the table over the following months , and McCarthy again won the Manager of the Month Award for November . After maintaining top spot since October , McCarthys Wolves secured promotion to the Premier League by beating QPR 1–0 on 18 April 2009 . The following week McCarthy clinched his second Championship as a manager after a 1–1 draw at his hometown club Barnsley . He won the Championship Manager of the Season Award at the conclusion of the campaign , his side having led the table for 42 of 46 games . The following season , McCarthy kept Wolves in the Premier League , his first success at this level in three attempts . The club assured safety with two games to spare , eventually finishing 15th , their best league finish since 1979–80 , and their first ever survival in the modern Premier League . However , in the process of keeping the team in the top division , Wolves and McCarthy were fined £25,000 for fielding a weakened team for a fixture at Manchester United and thus breaking the Premier League rule E20 . The Premier League also stated that the club had failed to fulfil its obligations to the league and other clubs in the utmost good faith and was therefore in breach of Rule B13 . The clubs second consecutive top flight campaign was a dramatic one . The team spent the majority of the campaign mired in the relegation zone , yet managed to defeat the likes of Manchester City , Manchester United , Liverpool and Chelsea . A final day loss to Blackburn put them in danger of relegation , but results elsewhere meant they narrowly survived in 17th place , one point ahead of relegated Birmingham and Blackpool . This gave McCarthy the distinction of being the first Wolves manager in thirty years to maintain the clubs top flight position for two successive seasons . The 2011–12 season began well for McCarthy and , after three games , his team topped the Premier League with 7 points . However , results tailed off and by January they had once again entered the relegation zone after nine games without victory . That same season Wolves sold £15 million worth of players and with the board allowing McCarthy to spend just £12 million it seemed inevitable when McCarthy was sacked as Wolves manager on 13 February 2012 after a run of poor results , culminating in a 5–1 home defeat to local rivals West Bromwich Albion . At the time of his dismissal , he was the 7th longest-serving current manager in English league football , having spent 5 years and 207 days at Wolves . Ipswich Town . On 1 November 2012 , McCarthy was appointed manager at Championship side Ipswich Town on a two and a half-year contract . McCarthys appointment came in the wake of Paul Jewells departure by mutual consent . McCarthy won his first match in charge as Ipswich manager on 3 November 2012 , away at Birmingham , 0–1 . This broke a 12 match winless run in the league , 13 matches in all competitions . McCarthy guided Ipswich past Burnley on 10 November – the first home win since March after a late DJ Campbell winner . The match ended 2–1 . With a win against Nottingham Forest in late November , his sixth game in charge , McCarthy had successfully guided Ipswich out of the relegation zone . McCarthys Ipswich stopped Millwalls 13-match unbeaten run with a 3–0 home win on 8 December . On 2 February 2013 , McCarthys assistant Terry Connor took charge of a 4–0 rout of Middlesbrough while McCarthy was ill . McCarthy then guided Ipswich to safety , finally finishing in 14th place . Prior to the 2013–14 season , McCarthy had signed 10 new players . McCarthys first full season in charge of Ipswich ended with the club finishing in 9th place . On 30 June 2014 , McCarthy and Terry Connor agreed a new three-year deal with Ipswich . The following season he led the club to their first appearance in the Championship playoffs in ten years with a sixth-placed finish , before losing out to rivals Norwich City in the semi-finals . During the 2015–16 season McCarthy and assistant Terry Connor renewed their contracts for a further two seasons , with the option to extend until 2020 . McCarthy led Ipswich to a 7th-place finish in his third full season at Portman Road . McCarthys fourth full season in charge ended in a 16th-place finish . On 29 March 2018 , Ipswich Town announced that McCarthy would be leaving the club at the end of the 2017–18 season on the expiry of his contract , along with assistant manager Terry Connor , after talks with owner Marcus Evans . He left the club earlier than expected on 10 April 2018 , shortly after a 1–0 home win over Barnsley . Return to the Republic of Ireland . On 25 November 2018 , McCarthy was appointed manager of Republic of Ireland for the second time in his career , replacing Martin ONeill . Robbie Keane , a legend for the national team , was appointed as one of McCarthys assistant coaches , alongside Terry Connor , who had previously assisted McCarthy at both Wolverhampton Wanderers and Ipswich Town . In March 2019 , McCarthy won his first two games in charge , by defeating both Gibraltar and Georgia , in the UEFA Euro 2020 qualifiers in Group D , by 1–0 . In June 2019 , the national team drew 1–1 away to Denmark , before defeating Gibraltar once again , this time by 2–0 , at the Aviva Stadium ; four days later , McCarthy guided them to the top the Group D table , having taken ten points after four games . On 5 September 2019 , McCarthys side once again came from behind to draw 1–1 with Switzerland , which enabled them to remain at the top of their qualifying group , with three matches to play remaining . On 4 April 2020 , amid the global coronavirus pandemic , McCarthy stood down as manager and was immediately replaced by Stephen Kenny , who had been in charge of the nations under-21s . APOEL . McCarthy joined Cypriot First Division club APOEL as manager on 2 November 2020 ; he signed a contract until 2022 . He was sacked by the club on 5 January 2021 following a run of 2 wins , 1 draw and 5 defeats in his 8 games in charge . Cardiff City . On 22 January 2021 , McCarthy was appointed as manager of Cardiff City , following the sacking of Neil Harris . He signed a contract until the end of the season . His reign started with games against two of his former teams from his playing-days ; Barnsley and Millwall - both of which ended as draws . His first win as Cardiff manager came in the following game , a 2–0 win against Bristol City . After making an unbeaten start to his reign at the club , a run that included a 6-game winning streak , McCarthy signed a new two-year deal with the club on 4 March 2021 . Honours . Player . Barnsley - Football League Fourth Division promoted : 1978–79 - Football League Third Division runner-up : 1980–81 Manchester City - Football League Second Division promoted : 1984–85 - Full Members Cup runner-up : 1985–86 Celtic - Scottish Premier League : 1987–88 - Scottish Cup : 1987–88 , 1988–89 Individual - PFA Team of the Year : 1977–78 Fourth Division , 1978–79 Fourth Division , 1980–81 Third Division , 1981–82 Second Division , 1982–83 Second Division , 1983–84 Second Division , 1984–85 Second Division - Barnsley Player of the Year : 1977–78 , 1978–79 , 1980–81 - Manchester City Player of the Year : 1983–84 Manager . Sunderland - Football League Championship : 2004–05 Wolverhampton Wanderers - Football League Championship : 2008–09 Individual - Philips Sports Manager of the Year : 2001 - RTÉ Sports Person of the Year : 2001 - Football League Championship Manager of the Month : March 2005 , August 2008 , November 2008 , September 2014 , November 2015 , February 2021 - LMA Championship Manager of the Year : 2004–05 , 2008–09 |
[
"Lyon"
] | easy | Which team did Mick McCarthy play for from 1989 to 1990? | /wiki/Mick_McCarthy#P54#4 | Mick McCarthy Michael Joseph McCarthy ( born 7 February 1959 ) is a professional football manager , pundit , and former player . He is currently the manager of Cardiff City in the EFL Championship . Born in Barnsley , England , with an Irish father , he played for the Republic of Ireland on 57 occasions scoring two goals . McCarthy began his playing career at Barnsley in 1977 , and he later had spells at Manchester City , Celtic , Lyon , and finally Millwall , retiring in 1992 . He went on to manage Millwall , and then the Republic of Ireland . He guided Ireland to the knockout stage of the 2002 FIFA World Cup in South Korea and Japan . He later managed Sunderland , Wolverhampton Wanderers and Ipswich Town . He began a second tenure as manager of the Republic of Ireland football team in November 2018 , leaving the position in April 2020 in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic having guided the team to a Euro 2020 playoff place . He joined Cypriot club APOEL as manager in November 2020 , but was sacked two months later . He has also been a television pundit and commentator , including for the BBC and for Virgin Media Television Club career . Barnsley . Born in Barnsley , Yorkshire , McCarthy made his league debut for then-Fourth Division Barnsley on 20 August 1977 in a 4–0 win over Rochdale . He spent two years in the basement league , before the club won promotion . Two years later , the team again went up to the ( old ) Division 2 . A strong central defender , he was a virtual ever-present for his home town club , but departed in December 1983 for fellow Division 2 club Manchester City . Manchester City . The Maine Road club won promotion in McCarthys first full season and he finally had the chance to play at the highest level . His first season in the top flight was steady enough as the club reached mid-table , but relegation struck the following year . McCarthy himself would not face the drop though as he moved to Celtic in May 1987 . Celtic . He picked up his first silverware at the Scottish club as they won the league and cup double in his first season . The following season McCarthy again won a Scottish Cup winners medal , although the club had to settle for third place in the league . Lyon . McCarthy again moved onto a new country , as he joined Lyon on a three-year contract in July 1989 . Millwall . However , things did not work out for the defender in France and , feeling his international chances were being harmed , he returned to England on loan with top flight Millwall in March 1990 . Despite the London side suffering relegation during his loan period , McCarthy impressed enough to earn a move and he was signed permanently in May 1990 for £200,000 . His appearances in the next two seasons were often limited by injuries and he effectively retired from playing when he took over as manager of the club in 1992 . International career . McCarthy , the son of an Irish-born father , Charlie , is an Irish citizen since birth . He made his Irish international debut in a goalless friendly against Poland on 23 May 1984 , McCarthy soon became a first-choice player and featured in all three of Irelands games at Euro 88 . He went on to become captain , leading to the nickname Captain Fantastic , as per the title of his autobiography . The highlight of McCarthys international career was the second-round penalty shoot-out win over Romania in the 1990 World Cup finals . This led to a crunch tie with hosts Italy in the quarter-final , where Irelands first ever appearance in the finals came to an end , losing 1–0 . McCarthy was the player who committed the most fouls in the 1990 tournament . In total , McCarthy won 57 caps for the Republic of Ireland ; scoring two goals , one against Yugoslavia in April 1988 , the other against the United States in May 1992 . Managerial career . Millwall . McCarthy became player-manager at Millwall in March 1992 , succeeding Bruce Rioch . In his first full season ( 1992–93 ) , he was still registered as a player , but made only one further appearance ( in the Anglo-Italian Cup ) , before he became solely a manager . He took the club to the play-offs in 1993–94 after a strong third-place finish , but they lost out to Derby County in the semi-finals . During the 1995–96 season , McCarthy became the prime candidate for the vacant Republic of Ireland managers job , after the resignation of Jack Charlton . After a protracted period of speculation , McCarthy was officially appointed on 5 February 1996 , two days after his resignation at the club . Despite sitting a comfortable 14 points clear from the relegation zone at the time of his departure , Millwall would go on to suffer the drop ( by virtue of goals scored ) after McCarthys departure . His loan signings of the underachieving Russian internationals Sergei Yuran and Vassili Kulkov from Spartak Moscow , who each received a £150,000 signing-on fee and were being paid five times the wage of the rest of the first team , would later be cited as one of the main reasons Millwall were eventually relegated under Jimmy Nicholl , although it cannot be proven . Republic of Ireland . In February 1996 , McCarthy became the new manager of the Republic of Ireland football team following the resignation of Jack Charlton . McCarthys first game in charge of the Republic of Ireland team was a friendly international against Russia on 27 March 1996 which finished in a 0–2 defeat . After two narrow failures to qualify for the 1998 World Cup and Euro 2000 , McCarthy took the nation to the 2002 World Cup held in South Korea and Japan after a 2–1 play-off aggregate win against Iran . However , their tournament was overshadowed by a very public and bitter spat between McCarthy and the teams star player Roy Keane , who was sent home on the eve of the tournament . The conflict occurred after Keane had questioned the quality of the preparations and facilities the team were using . Despite this furore , McCarthys team reached the second round but were eliminated by Spain in a penalty shoot-out ( after having already missed and scored a penalty in normal time ) , thus fractionally missing out on a quarter-final place . Indeed , the narrowness of the elimination meant Ireland were the ninth best performers at the World Cup , and the fifth best among European teams in the competition . In spite of this , the Keane issue remained , with the proportion of blame undecided . Many in Ireland sided with Keane – particularly following a televised interview in which details of poor preparation were revealed – and demanded McCarthys resignation both during and after the tournament . An independent inquiry into the organisations handling of the squads preparation later commissioned by the FAI created a damning report , leading to general secretary Brendan Menton tendering his resignation . Criticism of McCarthy in the media became increasingly intense after a poor start to Irelands qualifying campaign for Euro 2004 . In particular , his persistence with several players and tactics that some perceived to be inadequate did him damage , as did a 4–2 away defeat to Russia and a 2–1 home defeat to Switzerland . Under mounting pressure , McCarthy resigned from the post on 5 November 2002 . During his 68 games in charge , the Republic of Ireland won 29 , drew 20 and lost 19 . Sunderland . On 12 March 2003 , he was appointed manager of struggling Sunderland as an immediate replacement for Howard Wilkinson , who was sacked after six successive Premiership defeats left the club facing near-certain relegation . McCarthy could not stop Sunderlands slide , and the Black Cats were relegated at the end of the season , but he largely escaped blame and was retained as manager . The following season , McCarthy took Sunderland to the First Division promotion play-offs , but lost in a penalty shoot-out to Crystal Palace after Palace had scored a stoppage-time equaliser . McCarthy completed the turnaround of the club in the 2004–05 season . The Black Cats returned to the Premiership as Football League Championship champions , amassing an impressive 94 points . Life in the Premiership was much tougher for McCarthy though , as he was unable to spend much to strengthen the team . After a poor season and with the club 16 points from safety with only 10 games remaining , he was dismissed on 6 March 2006 . In an ironic postscript , Sunderland eventually appointed Roy Keane as their next permanent manager . Wolverhampton Wanderers . On 21 July 2006 , McCarthy was appointed manager at Championship side Wolverhampton Wanderers , replacing Glenn Hoddle who had departed a fortnight before . The Midlands club faced an uncertain future after having to sell the majority of their first-team players , though despite this situation , McCarthy promised Premier League football at Molineux within three seasons . From this awkward position , McCarthy managed to collect together a team from the clubs youth ranks , and some lower league signings , and free transfers . Despite the lack of expectations , the team managed to make the promotion play-offs in McCarthys first season , but it was third time unlucky for McCarthy in them as the team lost out to local rivals West Bromwich Albion over two legs , losing 3–2 at Molineux and 1–0 at The Hawthorns . In the 2007–08 season he took the club to within a single placing of a successive play-off finish , ending seventh , losing the coveted sixth place to Watford by a goal difference of only one ( although another goal would have been required to overcome Watfords superior goals scored record ) . The campaign had also seen him linked with the international positions of South Korea and his previous post as Republic of Ireland manager . The 2008–09 season started well for McCarthy as he won the August Championship Manager of the Month Award , after seeing his side reach the top of the table , eventually going on to match Wolves record start to a season ( equaling the 1949–50 season ) . Wolves maintained their position at the top of the table over the following months , and McCarthy again won the Manager of the Month Award for November . After maintaining top spot since October , McCarthys Wolves secured promotion to the Premier League by beating QPR 1–0 on 18 April 2009 . The following week McCarthy clinched his second Championship as a manager after a 1–1 draw at his hometown club Barnsley . He won the Championship Manager of the Season Award at the conclusion of the campaign , his side having led the table for 42 of 46 games . The following season , McCarthy kept Wolves in the Premier League , his first success at this level in three attempts . The club assured safety with two games to spare , eventually finishing 15th , their best league finish since 1979–80 , and their first ever survival in the modern Premier League . However , in the process of keeping the team in the top division , Wolves and McCarthy were fined £25,000 for fielding a weakened team for a fixture at Manchester United and thus breaking the Premier League rule E20 . The Premier League also stated that the club had failed to fulfil its obligations to the league and other clubs in the utmost good faith and was therefore in breach of Rule B13 . The clubs second consecutive top flight campaign was a dramatic one . The team spent the majority of the campaign mired in the relegation zone , yet managed to defeat the likes of Manchester City , Manchester United , Liverpool and Chelsea . A final day loss to Blackburn put them in danger of relegation , but results elsewhere meant they narrowly survived in 17th place , one point ahead of relegated Birmingham and Blackpool . This gave McCarthy the distinction of being the first Wolves manager in thirty years to maintain the clubs top flight position for two successive seasons . The 2011–12 season began well for McCarthy and , after three games , his team topped the Premier League with 7 points . However , results tailed off and by January they had once again entered the relegation zone after nine games without victory . That same season Wolves sold £15 million worth of players and with the board allowing McCarthy to spend just £12 million it seemed inevitable when McCarthy was sacked as Wolves manager on 13 February 2012 after a run of poor results , culminating in a 5–1 home defeat to local rivals West Bromwich Albion . At the time of his dismissal , he was the 7th longest-serving current manager in English league football , having spent 5 years and 207 days at Wolves . Ipswich Town . On 1 November 2012 , McCarthy was appointed manager at Championship side Ipswich Town on a two and a half-year contract . McCarthys appointment came in the wake of Paul Jewells departure by mutual consent . McCarthy won his first match in charge as Ipswich manager on 3 November 2012 , away at Birmingham , 0–1 . This broke a 12 match winless run in the league , 13 matches in all competitions . McCarthy guided Ipswich past Burnley on 10 November – the first home win since March after a late DJ Campbell winner . The match ended 2–1 . With a win against Nottingham Forest in late November , his sixth game in charge , McCarthy had successfully guided Ipswich out of the relegation zone . McCarthys Ipswich stopped Millwalls 13-match unbeaten run with a 3–0 home win on 8 December . On 2 February 2013 , McCarthys assistant Terry Connor took charge of a 4–0 rout of Middlesbrough while McCarthy was ill . McCarthy then guided Ipswich to safety , finally finishing in 14th place . Prior to the 2013–14 season , McCarthy had signed 10 new players . McCarthys first full season in charge of Ipswich ended with the club finishing in 9th place . On 30 June 2014 , McCarthy and Terry Connor agreed a new three-year deal with Ipswich . The following season he led the club to their first appearance in the Championship playoffs in ten years with a sixth-placed finish , before losing out to rivals Norwich City in the semi-finals . During the 2015–16 season McCarthy and assistant Terry Connor renewed their contracts for a further two seasons , with the option to extend until 2020 . McCarthy led Ipswich to a 7th-place finish in his third full season at Portman Road . McCarthys fourth full season in charge ended in a 16th-place finish . On 29 March 2018 , Ipswich Town announced that McCarthy would be leaving the club at the end of the 2017–18 season on the expiry of his contract , along with assistant manager Terry Connor , after talks with owner Marcus Evans . He left the club earlier than expected on 10 April 2018 , shortly after a 1–0 home win over Barnsley . Return to the Republic of Ireland . On 25 November 2018 , McCarthy was appointed manager of Republic of Ireland for the second time in his career , replacing Martin ONeill . Robbie Keane , a legend for the national team , was appointed as one of McCarthys assistant coaches , alongside Terry Connor , who had previously assisted McCarthy at both Wolverhampton Wanderers and Ipswich Town . In March 2019 , McCarthy won his first two games in charge , by defeating both Gibraltar and Georgia , in the UEFA Euro 2020 qualifiers in Group D , by 1–0 . In June 2019 , the national team drew 1–1 away to Denmark , before defeating Gibraltar once again , this time by 2–0 , at the Aviva Stadium ; four days later , McCarthy guided them to the top the Group D table , having taken ten points after four games . On 5 September 2019 , McCarthys side once again came from behind to draw 1–1 with Switzerland , which enabled them to remain at the top of their qualifying group , with three matches to play remaining . On 4 April 2020 , amid the global coronavirus pandemic , McCarthy stood down as manager and was immediately replaced by Stephen Kenny , who had been in charge of the nations under-21s . APOEL . McCarthy joined Cypriot First Division club APOEL as manager on 2 November 2020 ; he signed a contract until 2022 . He was sacked by the club on 5 January 2021 following a run of 2 wins , 1 draw and 5 defeats in his 8 games in charge . Cardiff City . On 22 January 2021 , McCarthy was appointed as manager of Cardiff City , following the sacking of Neil Harris . He signed a contract until the end of the season . His reign started with games against two of his former teams from his playing-days ; Barnsley and Millwall - both of which ended as draws . His first win as Cardiff manager came in the following game , a 2–0 win against Bristol City . After making an unbeaten start to his reign at the club , a run that included a 6-game winning streak , McCarthy signed a new two-year deal with the club on 4 March 2021 . Honours . Player . Barnsley - Football League Fourth Division promoted : 1978–79 - Football League Third Division runner-up : 1980–81 Manchester City - Football League Second Division promoted : 1984–85 - Full Members Cup runner-up : 1985–86 Celtic - Scottish Premier League : 1987–88 - Scottish Cup : 1987–88 , 1988–89 Individual - PFA Team of the Year : 1977–78 Fourth Division , 1978–79 Fourth Division , 1980–81 Third Division , 1981–82 Second Division , 1982–83 Second Division , 1983–84 Second Division , 1984–85 Second Division - Barnsley Player of the Year : 1977–78 , 1978–79 , 1980–81 - Manchester City Player of the Year : 1983–84 Manager . Sunderland - Football League Championship : 2004–05 Wolverhampton Wanderers - Football League Championship : 2008–09 Individual - Philips Sports Manager of the Year : 2001 - RTÉ Sports Person of the Year : 2001 - Football League Championship Manager of the Month : March 2005 , August 2008 , November 2008 , September 2014 , November 2015 , February 2021 - LMA Championship Manager of the Year : 2004–05 , 2008–09 |
[
"Millwall"
] | easy | Mick McCarthy played for which team from 1990 to 1992? | /wiki/Mick_McCarthy#P54#5 | Mick McCarthy Michael Joseph McCarthy ( born 7 February 1959 ) is a professional football manager , pundit , and former player . He is currently the manager of Cardiff City in the EFL Championship . Born in Barnsley , England , with an Irish father , he played for the Republic of Ireland on 57 occasions scoring two goals . McCarthy began his playing career at Barnsley in 1977 , and he later had spells at Manchester City , Celtic , Lyon , and finally Millwall , retiring in 1992 . He went on to manage Millwall , and then the Republic of Ireland . He guided Ireland to the knockout stage of the 2002 FIFA World Cup in South Korea and Japan . He later managed Sunderland , Wolverhampton Wanderers and Ipswich Town . He began a second tenure as manager of the Republic of Ireland football team in November 2018 , leaving the position in April 2020 in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic having guided the team to a Euro 2020 playoff place . He joined Cypriot club APOEL as manager in November 2020 , but was sacked two months later . He has also been a television pundit and commentator , including for the BBC and for Virgin Media Television Club career . Barnsley . Born in Barnsley , Yorkshire , McCarthy made his league debut for then-Fourth Division Barnsley on 20 August 1977 in a 4–0 win over Rochdale . He spent two years in the basement league , before the club won promotion . Two years later , the team again went up to the ( old ) Division 2 . A strong central defender , he was a virtual ever-present for his home town club , but departed in December 1983 for fellow Division 2 club Manchester City . Manchester City . The Maine Road club won promotion in McCarthys first full season and he finally had the chance to play at the highest level . His first season in the top flight was steady enough as the club reached mid-table , but relegation struck the following year . McCarthy himself would not face the drop though as he moved to Celtic in May 1987 . Celtic . He picked up his first silverware at the Scottish club as they won the league and cup double in his first season . The following season McCarthy again won a Scottish Cup winners medal , although the club had to settle for third place in the league . Lyon . McCarthy again moved onto a new country , as he joined Lyon on a three-year contract in July 1989 . Millwall . However , things did not work out for the defender in France and , feeling his international chances were being harmed , he returned to England on loan with top flight Millwall in March 1990 . Despite the London side suffering relegation during his loan period , McCarthy impressed enough to earn a move and he was signed permanently in May 1990 for £200,000 . His appearances in the next two seasons were often limited by injuries and he effectively retired from playing when he took over as manager of the club in 1992 . International career . McCarthy , the son of an Irish-born father , Charlie , is an Irish citizen since birth . He made his Irish international debut in a goalless friendly against Poland on 23 May 1984 , McCarthy soon became a first-choice player and featured in all three of Irelands games at Euro 88 . He went on to become captain , leading to the nickname Captain Fantastic , as per the title of his autobiography . The highlight of McCarthys international career was the second-round penalty shoot-out win over Romania in the 1990 World Cup finals . This led to a crunch tie with hosts Italy in the quarter-final , where Irelands first ever appearance in the finals came to an end , losing 1–0 . McCarthy was the player who committed the most fouls in the 1990 tournament . In total , McCarthy won 57 caps for the Republic of Ireland ; scoring two goals , one against Yugoslavia in April 1988 , the other against the United States in May 1992 . Managerial career . Millwall . McCarthy became player-manager at Millwall in March 1992 , succeeding Bruce Rioch . In his first full season ( 1992–93 ) , he was still registered as a player , but made only one further appearance ( in the Anglo-Italian Cup ) , before he became solely a manager . He took the club to the play-offs in 1993–94 after a strong third-place finish , but they lost out to Derby County in the semi-finals . During the 1995–96 season , McCarthy became the prime candidate for the vacant Republic of Ireland managers job , after the resignation of Jack Charlton . After a protracted period of speculation , McCarthy was officially appointed on 5 February 1996 , two days after his resignation at the club . Despite sitting a comfortable 14 points clear from the relegation zone at the time of his departure , Millwall would go on to suffer the drop ( by virtue of goals scored ) after McCarthys departure . His loan signings of the underachieving Russian internationals Sergei Yuran and Vassili Kulkov from Spartak Moscow , who each received a £150,000 signing-on fee and were being paid five times the wage of the rest of the first team , would later be cited as one of the main reasons Millwall were eventually relegated under Jimmy Nicholl , although it cannot be proven . Republic of Ireland . In February 1996 , McCarthy became the new manager of the Republic of Ireland football team following the resignation of Jack Charlton . McCarthys first game in charge of the Republic of Ireland team was a friendly international against Russia on 27 March 1996 which finished in a 0–2 defeat . After two narrow failures to qualify for the 1998 World Cup and Euro 2000 , McCarthy took the nation to the 2002 World Cup held in South Korea and Japan after a 2–1 play-off aggregate win against Iran . However , their tournament was overshadowed by a very public and bitter spat between McCarthy and the teams star player Roy Keane , who was sent home on the eve of the tournament . The conflict occurred after Keane had questioned the quality of the preparations and facilities the team were using . Despite this furore , McCarthys team reached the second round but were eliminated by Spain in a penalty shoot-out ( after having already missed and scored a penalty in normal time ) , thus fractionally missing out on a quarter-final place . Indeed , the narrowness of the elimination meant Ireland were the ninth best performers at the World Cup , and the fifth best among European teams in the competition . In spite of this , the Keane issue remained , with the proportion of blame undecided . Many in Ireland sided with Keane – particularly following a televised interview in which details of poor preparation were revealed – and demanded McCarthys resignation both during and after the tournament . An independent inquiry into the organisations handling of the squads preparation later commissioned by the FAI created a damning report , leading to general secretary Brendan Menton tendering his resignation . Criticism of McCarthy in the media became increasingly intense after a poor start to Irelands qualifying campaign for Euro 2004 . In particular , his persistence with several players and tactics that some perceived to be inadequate did him damage , as did a 4–2 away defeat to Russia and a 2–1 home defeat to Switzerland . Under mounting pressure , McCarthy resigned from the post on 5 November 2002 . During his 68 games in charge , the Republic of Ireland won 29 , drew 20 and lost 19 . Sunderland . On 12 March 2003 , he was appointed manager of struggling Sunderland as an immediate replacement for Howard Wilkinson , who was sacked after six successive Premiership defeats left the club facing near-certain relegation . McCarthy could not stop Sunderlands slide , and the Black Cats were relegated at the end of the season , but he largely escaped blame and was retained as manager . The following season , McCarthy took Sunderland to the First Division promotion play-offs , but lost in a penalty shoot-out to Crystal Palace after Palace had scored a stoppage-time equaliser . McCarthy completed the turnaround of the club in the 2004–05 season . The Black Cats returned to the Premiership as Football League Championship champions , amassing an impressive 94 points . Life in the Premiership was much tougher for McCarthy though , as he was unable to spend much to strengthen the team . After a poor season and with the club 16 points from safety with only 10 games remaining , he was dismissed on 6 March 2006 . In an ironic postscript , Sunderland eventually appointed Roy Keane as their next permanent manager . Wolverhampton Wanderers . On 21 July 2006 , McCarthy was appointed manager at Championship side Wolverhampton Wanderers , replacing Glenn Hoddle who had departed a fortnight before . The Midlands club faced an uncertain future after having to sell the majority of their first-team players , though despite this situation , McCarthy promised Premier League football at Molineux within three seasons . From this awkward position , McCarthy managed to collect together a team from the clubs youth ranks , and some lower league signings , and free transfers . Despite the lack of expectations , the team managed to make the promotion play-offs in McCarthys first season , but it was third time unlucky for McCarthy in them as the team lost out to local rivals West Bromwich Albion over two legs , losing 3–2 at Molineux and 1–0 at The Hawthorns . In the 2007–08 season he took the club to within a single placing of a successive play-off finish , ending seventh , losing the coveted sixth place to Watford by a goal difference of only one ( although another goal would have been required to overcome Watfords superior goals scored record ) . The campaign had also seen him linked with the international positions of South Korea and his previous post as Republic of Ireland manager . The 2008–09 season started well for McCarthy as he won the August Championship Manager of the Month Award , after seeing his side reach the top of the table , eventually going on to match Wolves record start to a season ( equaling the 1949–50 season ) . Wolves maintained their position at the top of the table over the following months , and McCarthy again won the Manager of the Month Award for November . After maintaining top spot since October , McCarthys Wolves secured promotion to the Premier League by beating QPR 1–0 on 18 April 2009 . The following week McCarthy clinched his second Championship as a manager after a 1–1 draw at his hometown club Barnsley . He won the Championship Manager of the Season Award at the conclusion of the campaign , his side having led the table for 42 of 46 games . The following season , McCarthy kept Wolves in the Premier League , his first success at this level in three attempts . The club assured safety with two games to spare , eventually finishing 15th , their best league finish since 1979–80 , and their first ever survival in the modern Premier League . However , in the process of keeping the team in the top division , Wolves and McCarthy were fined £25,000 for fielding a weakened team for a fixture at Manchester United and thus breaking the Premier League rule E20 . The Premier League also stated that the club had failed to fulfil its obligations to the league and other clubs in the utmost good faith and was therefore in breach of Rule B13 . The clubs second consecutive top flight campaign was a dramatic one . The team spent the majority of the campaign mired in the relegation zone , yet managed to defeat the likes of Manchester City , Manchester United , Liverpool and Chelsea . A final day loss to Blackburn put them in danger of relegation , but results elsewhere meant they narrowly survived in 17th place , one point ahead of relegated Birmingham and Blackpool . This gave McCarthy the distinction of being the first Wolves manager in thirty years to maintain the clubs top flight position for two successive seasons . The 2011–12 season began well for McCarthy and , after three games , his team topped the Premier League with 7 points . However , results tailed off and by January they had once again entered the relegation zone after nine games without victory . That same season Wolves sold £15 million worth of players and with the board allowing McCarthy to spend just £12 million it seemed inevitable when McCarthy was sacked as Wolves manager on 13 February 2012 after a run of poor results , culminating in a 5–1 home defeat to local rivals West Bromwich Albion . At the time of his dismissal , he was the 7th longest-serving current manager in English league football , having spent 5 years and 207 days at Wolves . Ipswich Town . On 1 November 2012 , McCarthy was appointed manager at Championship side Ipswich Town on a two and a half-year contract . McCarthys appointment came in the wake of Paul Jewells departure by mutual consent . McCarthy won his first match in charge as Ipswich manager on 3 November 2012 , away at Birmingham , 0–1 . This broke a 12 match winless run in the league , 13 matches in all competitions . McCarthy guided Ipswich past Burnley on 10 November – the first home win since March after a late DJ Campbell winner . The match ended 2–1 . With a win against Nottingham Forest in late November , his sixth game in charge , McCarthy had successfully guided Ipswich out of the relegation zone . McCarthys Ipswich stopped Millwalls 13-match unbeaten run with a 3–0 home win on 8 December . On 2 February 2013 , McCarthys assistant Terry Connor took charge of a 4–0 rout of Middlesbrough while McCarthy was ill . McCarthy then guided Ipswich to safety , finally finishing in 14th place . Prior to the 2013–14 season , McCarthy had signed 10 new players . McCarthys first full season in charge of Ipswich ended with the club finishing in 9th place . On 30 June 2014 , McCarthy and Terry Connor agreed a new three-year deal with Ipswich . The following season he led the club to their first appearance in the Championship playoffs in ten years with a sixth-placed finish , before losing out to rivals Norwich City in the semi-finals . During the 2015–16 season McCarthy and assistant Terry Connor renewed their contracts for a further two seasons , with the option to extend until 2020 . McCarthy led Ipswich to a 7th-place finish in his third full season at Portman Road . McCarthys fourth full season in charge ended in a 16th-place finish . On 29 March 2018 , Ipswich Town announced that McCarthy would be leaving the club at the end of the 2017–18 season on the expiry of his contract , along with assistant manager Terry Connor , after talks with owner Marcus Evans . He left the club earlier than expected on 10 April 2018 , shortly after a 1–0 home win over Barnsley . Return to the Republic of Ireland . On 25 November 2018 , McCarthy was appointed manager of Republic of Ireland for the second time in his career , replacing Martin ONeill . Robbie Keane , a legend for the national team , was appointed as one of McCarthys assistant coaches , alongside Terry Connor , who had previously assisted McCarthy at both Wolverhampton Wanderers and Ipswich Town . In March 2019 , McCarthy won his first two games in charge , by defeating both Gibraltar and Georgia , in the UEFA Euro 2020 qualifiers in Group D , by 1–0 . In June 2019 , the national team drew 1–1 away to Denmark , before defeating Gibraltar once again , this time by 2–0 , at the Aviva Stadium ; four days later , McCarthy guided them to the top the Group D table , having taken ten points after four games . On 5 September 2019 , McCarthys side once again came from behind to draw 1–1 with Switzerland , which enabled them to remain at the top of their qualifying group , with three matches to play remaining . On 4 April 2020 , amid the global coronavirus pandemic , McCarthy stood down as manager and was immediately replaced by Stephen Kenny , who had been in charge of the nations under-21s . APOEL . McCarthy joined Cypriot First Division club APOEL as manager on 2 November 2020 ; he signed a contract until 2022 . He was sacked by the club on 5 January 2021 following a run of 2 wins , 1 draw and 5 defeats in his 8 games in charge . Cardiff City . On 22 January 2021 , McCarthy was appointed as manager of Cardiff City , following the sacking of Neil Harris . He signed a contract until the end of the season . His reign started with games against two of his former teams from his playing-days ; Barnsley and Millwall - both of which ended as draws . His first win as Cardiff manager came in the following game , a 2–0 win against Bristol City . After making an unbeaten start to his reign at the club , a run that included a 6-game winning streak , McCarthy signed a new two-year deal with the club on 4 March 2021 . Honours . Player . Barnsley - Football League Fourth Division promoted : 1978–79 - Football League Third Division runner-up : 1980–81 Manchester City - Football League Second Division promoted : 1984–85 - Full Members Cup runner-up : 1985–86 Celtic - Scottish Premier League : 1987–88 - Scottish Cup : 1987–88 , 1988–89 Individual - PFA Team of the Year : 1977–78 Fourth Division , 1978–79 Fourth Division , 1980–81 Third Division , 1981–82 Second Division , 1982–83 Second Division , 1983–84 Second Division , 1984–85 Second Division - Barnsley Player of the Year : 1977–78 , 1978–79 , 1980–81 - Manchester City Player of the Year : 1983–84 Manager . Sunderland - Football League Championship : 2004–05 Wolverhampton Wanderers - Football League Championship : 2008–09 Individual - Philips Sports Manager of the Year : 2001 - RTÉ Sports Person of the Year : 2001 - Football League Championship Manager of the Month : March 2005 , August 2008 , November 2008 , September 2014 , November 2015 , February 2021 - LMA Championship Manager of the Year : 2004–05 , 2008–09 |
[
"Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Austria"
] | easy | What was the position of Eric Phipps from 1928 to 1933? | /wiki/Eric_Phipps#P39#0 | Eric Phipps Sir Eric Clare Edmund Phipps ( 27 October 1875 – 13 August 1945 ) was a British diplomat . Family . Phipps was the son of Sir Constantine Phipps , later British Ambassador to Belgium , and his wife , Maria Jane ( née Miller Mundy ) . Henry Phipps , 1st Earl of Mulgrave , was his great-grandfather , and he was also a great-grandson of Lieutenant-General Sir Colin Campbell , who was present at the Battle of Waterloo , and of Rear-Admiral Sir John Hindmarsh , who was a Lieutenant on HMS Phoebe at the Battle of Trafalgar . Early life and career . As a child , he accompanied his parents around Europe to his fathers various postings . He was educated at Kings College , Cambridge , and the University of Paris , from which he graduated . He passed the competitive examination for entry to the Diplomatic Service in January 1899 and was posted as an attaché to Paris in October 1899 , being promoted Third Secretary in January 1901 . In January 1905 he was posted to Constantinople , was promoted Second Secretary in April and returned to London to work at the Foreign Office in September . In September 1906 , he was posted to Rome and in February 1909 , he returned to Paris as private secretary to Sir Francis Bertie , British Ambassador to France . In April 1912 , he was promoted First Secretary and posted to St Petersburg , transferred to Madrid in October 1913 . He returned to Paris in May 1916 . He was on the staff of the British delegation to the Versailles Conference until September 1919 , when he was promoted to counsellor and posted back to London . In November 1920 , he was posted to Brussels as chargé daffaires , and in November 1922 , he was promoted to minister plenipotentiary and posted back to Paris , often serving as chargé daffaires in the absence of the ambassador . In June 1928 , Phipps received his first independent posting as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Austria . Ambassador to Germany . In 1933 , he was appointed British Ambassador to Germany . To some extent , he followed policies later known as appeasement , as he believed that the League of Nations was the key to preventing the next war . He tried to enlist the French in efforts to get the Germans to co-operate . However , in some despatches , he warned the British government about the character of the régime . On 31 January 1934 , he told his Foreign Secretary : [ Hitlers ] policy is simple and straightforward . If his neighbours allow him , he will become strong by the simplest and most direct methods . The mere fact that he is making himself unpopular abroad will not deter him , for , as he said in a recent speech , it is better to be respected and feared than to be weak and liked . If he finds that he arouses no real opposition , the tempo of his advance will increase . On the other hand , if he is vigorously opposed , he is unlikely at this stage to risk a break . Phipps gave a further warning on 1 April 1935 of Germanys growing military strength : Let us hope our pacifists at home may at length realise that the rapidly-growing monster of German militarism will not be placated by mere cooings , but will only be restrained from recourse to its ultima ratio by the knowledge that the Powers who desire peace are also strong enough to enforce it . During his first year in Berlin , Phipps managed to see Hitler only four times . Phipps himself regarded Hitler as something of a cipher or enigma ; Hitler was variously described in his dispatches back to London as more moderate than his followers or as possibly mad . In May 1936 , Phipps presented to Hitler the famous questionnaire , largely written by his brother-in-law , the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs , Sir Robert Vansittart , that asked point-blank if Germany intended to respect the existing territorial and political status of Europe and was willing to sign genuine treaties . Neither Hitler nor any other German leader ever responded to the questionnaire . Ambassador to France . In 1937 , Phipps was transferred to Paris as British Ambassador to France . During his time in Paris , Phipps strongly identified himself with French Foreign Minister Georges Bonnet , and most of his dispatches to London reflected Bonnets influence . On 24 September 1938 , at the height of the great crisis over Czechoslovakia that was to culminate in the Munich Agreement , Phipps reported back to London all that is best in France is against war , almost at any price , but it was opposed by a small , but noisy and corrupt , war group . Phippss negative assessment of the willingness and ability of France to go to war with Germany in 1938 created doubts in London about the value of France as an ally . In October 1938 , Bonnet carried out a purge of the Quai dOrsay , sidelining a number of officials opposed to his policy . In the aftermath of the purge , Bonnet was congratulated by Phipps for removing the warmongers René Massigli and Pierre Comert from the Quai dOrsay , but he went on to complain that Bonnet should have sacked Secretary-General Alexis Saint-Legér Léger as well . In response , Bonnet claimed that he and Saint-Legér Léger saw eye to eye . Phipps , who knew about the state of relations between the two , drily noted that in that case the eyes must be astigmatic . In November 1939 , suffering from ill-health , Phipps retired to Wiltshire . He died of a pulmonary embolism following a prostatectomy at the London Clinic in 1945 . Honours . Phipps was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George ( CMG ) in the 1920 New Year Honours , Commander of the Royal Victorian Order ( CVO ) in May 1922 , Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George ( KCMG ) in the 1927 Birthday Honours , Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George ( GCMG ) in 1934 , Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order ( GCVO ) in 1939 , and Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath ( GCB ) in 1941 . He was appointed to the Privy Council in 1933 , entitling him to the style The Right Honourable . He also held the Grand Cross of the Legion dHonneur and was a Commander of the Order of Leopold II of Belgium . In 1943 he served as High Sheriff of Wiltshire . Family . Phipps married Yvonne de Louvencourt in 1907 . After her death in 1909 he married Frances Ward , daughter of the sculptor Herbert Ward , in 1911 . He had six children , all by his second wife : 1 . Lieutenant-Colonel Mervyn Phipps ( 1912–1983 ) 2 . Lieutenant Alan Phipps RN ( 1915–1942 ; killed in action on Leros ) , whose son is Major-General Jeremy Phipps 3 . Mary Phipps ( born 1923 ) , married to Bonar Sykes , son of Sir Frederick Sykes and his wife , a daughter of former British Prime Minister Bonar Law 4 . Margaret Phipps ( born 1925 ) , married to George Cary , son of the Irish novelist Joyce Cary 5 . John-Francis Phipps ( born 1933 ) 6 . William Phipps ( 1936–2009 ) , who married Henrietta Frances Lamb ( 1931–2016 ) , elder daughter of the painter Henry Lamb and his wife Lady Pansy Lamb ( née Pakenham ) , sister of the 6th and 7th Earls of Longford Sources . - Adamthwaite , Anthony . France and the Coming of the Second World War 1936–1939 . London : Frank Cass , 1977 . . - Kidd , Charles , Williamson , David ( editors ) . Debretts Peerage and Baronetage ( 1990 edition ) . New York : St Martins Press , 1990 . - Herman , John . The Paris Embassy of Sir Eric Phipps , Sussex Academic Press , 1998 . - Oxford Dictionary of National Biography . - Watt , D.C . How War Came : The Immediate Origins of the Second World War , 1938–1939 . New York : Pantheon Books , 1989 . . |
[
"British Ambassador to Germany"
] | easy | What position did Eric Phipps take from 1933 to 1937? | /wiki/Eric_Phipps#P39#1 | Eric Phipps Sir Eric Clare Edmund Phipps ( 27 October 1875 – 13 August 1945 ) was a British diplomat . Family . Phipps was the son of Sir Constantine Phipps , later British Ambassador to Belgium , and his wife , Maria Jane ( née Miller Mundy ) . Henry Phipps , 1st Earl of Mulgrave , was his great-grandfather , and he was also a great-grandson of Lieutenant-General Sir Colin Campbell , who was present at the Battle of Waterloo , and of Rear-Admiral Sir John Hindmarsh , who was a Lieutenant on HMS Phoebe at the Battle of Trafalgar . Early life and career . As a child , he accompanied his parents around Europe to his fathers various postings . He was educated at Kings College , Cambridge , and the University of Paris , from which he graduated . He passed the competitive examination for entry to the Diplomatic Service in January 1899 and was posted as an attaché to Paris in October 1899 , being promoted Third Secretary in January 1901 . In January 1905 he was posted to Constantinople , was promoted Second Secretary in April and returned to London to work at the Foreign Office in September . In September 1906 , he was posted to Rome and in February 1909 , he returned to Paris as private secretary to Sir Francis Bertie , British Ambassador to France . In April 1912 , he was promoted First Secretary and posted to St Petersburg , transferred to Madrid in October 1913 . He returned to Paris in May 1916 . He was on the staff of the British delegation to the Versailles Conference until September 1919 , when he was promoted to counsellor and posted back to London . In November 1920 , he was posted to Brussels as chargé daffaires , and in November 1922 , he was promoted to minister plenipotentiary and posted back to Paris , often serving as chargé daffaires in the absence of the ambassador . In June 1928 , Phipps received his first independent posting as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Austria . Ambassador to Germany . In 1933 , he was appointed British Ambassador to Germany . To some extent , he followed policies later known as appeasement , as he believed that the League of Nations was the key to preventing the next war . He tried to enlist the French in efforts to get the Germans to co-operate . However , in some despatches , he warned the British government about the character of the régime . On 31 January 1934 , he told his Foreign Secretary : [ Hitlers ] policy is simple and straightforward . If his neighbours allow him , he will become strong by the simplest and most direct methods . The mere fact that he is making himself unpopular abroad will not deter him , for , as he said in a recent speech , it is better to be respected and feared than to be weak and liked . If he finds that he arouses no real opposition , the tempo of his advance will increase . On the other hand , if he is vigorously opposed , he is unlikely at this stage to risk a break . Phipps gave a further warning on 1 April 1935 of Germanys growing military strength : Let us hope our pacifists at home may at length realise that the rapidly-growing monster of German militarism will not be placated by mere cooings , but will only be restrained from recourse to its ultima ratio by the knowledge that the Powers who desire peace are also strong enough to enforce it . During his first year in Berlin , Phipps managed to see Hitler only four times . Phipps himself regarded Hitler as something of a cipher or enigma ; Hitler was variously described in his dispatches back to London as more moderate than his followers or as possibly mad . In May 1936 , Phipps presented to Hitler the famous questionnaire , largely written by his brother-in-law , the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs , Sir Robert Vansittart , that asked point-blank if Germany intended to respect the existing territorial and political status of Europe and was willing to sign genuine treaties . Neither Hitler nor any other German leader ever responded to the questionnaire . Ambassador to France . In 1937 , Phipps was transferred to Paris as British Ambassador to France . During his time in Paris , Phipps strongly identified himself with French Foreign Minister Georges Bonnet , and most of his dispatches to London reflected Bonnets influence . On 24 September 1938 , at the height of the great crisis over Czechoslovakia that was to culminate in the Munich Agreement , Phipps reported back to London all that is best in France is against war , almost at any price , but it was opposed by a small , but noisy and corrupt , war group . Phippss negative assessment of the willingness and ability of France to go to war with Germany in 1938 created doubts in London about the value of France as an ally . In October 1938 , Bonnet carried out a purge of the Quai dOrsay , sidelining a number of officials opposed to his policy . In the aftermath of the purge , Bonnet was congratulated by Phipps for removing the warmongers René Massigli and Pierre Comert from the Quai dOrsay , but he went on to complain that Bonnet should have sacked Secretary-General Alexis Saint-Legér Léger as well . In response , Bonnet claimed that he and Saint-Legér Léger saw eye to eye . Phipps , who knew about the state of relations between the two , drily noted that in that case the eyes must be astigmatic . In November 1939 , suffering from ill-health , Phipps retired to Wiltshire . He died of a pulmonary embolism following a prostatectomy at the London Clinic in 1945 . Honours . Phipps was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George ( CMG ) in the 1920 New Year Honours , Commander of the Royal Victorian Order ( CVO ) in May 1922 , Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George ( KCMG ) in the 1927 Birthday Honours , Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George ( GCMG ) in 1934 , Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order ( GCVO ) in 1939 , and Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath ( GCB ) in 1941 . He was appointed to the Privy Council in 1933 , entitling him to the style The Right Honourable . He also held the Grand Cross of the Legion dHonneur and was a Commander of the Order of Leopold II of Belgium . In 1943 he served as High Sheriff of Wiltshire . Family . Phipps married Yvonne de Louvencourt in 1907 . After her death in 1909 he married Frances Ward , daughter of the sculptor Herbert Ward , in 1911 . He had six children , all by his second wife : 1 . Lieutenant-Colonel Mervyn Phipps ( 1912–1983 ) 2 . Lieutenant Alan Phipps RN ( 1915–1942 ; killed in action on Leros ) , whose son is Major-General Jeremy Phipps 3 . Mary Phipps ( born 1923 ) , married to Bonar Sykes , son of Sir Frederick Sykes and his wife , a daughter of former British Prime Minister Bonar Law 4 . Margaret Phipps ( born 1925 ) , married to George Cary , son of the Irish novelist Joyce Cary 5 . John-Francis Phipps ( born 1933 ) 6 . William Phipps ( 1936–2009 ) , who married Henrietta Frances Lamb ( 1931–2016 ) , elder daughter of the painter Henry Lamb and his wife Lady Pansy Lamb ( née Pakenham ) , sister of the 6th and 7th Earls of Longford Sources . - Adamthwaite , Anthony . France and the Coming of the Second World War 1936–1939 . London : Frank Cass , 1977 . . - Kidd , Charles , Williamson , David ( editors ) . Debretts Peerage and Baronetage ( 1990 edition ) . New York : St Martins Press , 1990 . - Herman , John . The Paris Embassy of Sir Eric Phipps , Sussex Academic Press , 1998 . - Oxford Dictionary of National Biography . - Watt , D.C . How War Came : The Immediate Origins of the Second World War , 1938–1939 . New York : Pantheon Books , 1989 . . |
[
"British Ambassador to France"
] | easy | What was the position of Eric Phipps from 1937 to 1939? | /wiki/Eric_Phipps#P39#2 | Eric Phipps Sir Eric Clare Edmund Phipps ( 27 October 1875 – 13 August 1945 ) was a British diplomat . Family . Phipps was the son of Sir Constantine Phipps , later British Ambassador to Belgium , and his wife , Maria Jane ( née Miller Mundy ) . Henry Phipps , 1st Earl of Mulgrave , was his great-grandfather , and he was also a great-grandson of Lieutenant-General Sir Colin Campbell , who was present at the Battle of Waterloo , and of Rear-Admiral Sir John Hindmarsh , who was a Lieutenant on HMS Phoebe at the Battle of Trafalgar . Early life and career . As a child , he accompanied his parents around Europe to his fathers various postings . He was educated at Kings College , Cambridge , and the University of Paris , from which he graduated . He passed the competitive examination for entry to the Diplomatic Service in January 1899 and was posted as an attaché to Paris in October 1899 , being promoted Third Secretary in January 1901 . In January 1905 he was posted to Constantinople , was promoted Second Secretary in April and returned to London to work at the Foreign Office in September . In September 1906 , he was posted to Rome and in February 1909 , he returned to Paris as private secretary to Sir Francis Bertie , British Ambassador to France . In April 1912 , he was promoted First Secretary and posted to St Petersburg , transferred to Madrid in October 1913 . He returned to Paris in May 1916 . He was on the staff of the British delegation to the Versailles Conference until September 1919 , when he was promoted to counsellor and posted back to London . In November 1920 , he was posted to Brussels as chargé daffaires , and in November 1922 , he was promoted to minister plenipotentiary and posted back to Paris , often serving as chargé daffaires in the absence of the ambassador . In June 1928 , Phipps received his first independent posting as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Austria . Ambassador to Germany . In 1933 , he was appointed British Ambassador to Germany . To some extent , he followed policies later known as appeasement , as he believed that the League of Nations was the key to preventing the next war . He tried to enlist the French in efforts to get the Germans to co-operate . However , in some despatches , he warned the British government about the character of the régime . On 31 January 1934 , he told his Foreign Secretary : [ Hitlers ] policy is simple and straightforward . If his neighbours allow him , he will become strong by the simplest and most direct methods . The mere fact that he is making himself unpopular abroad will not deter him , for , as he said in a recent speech , it is better to be respected and feared than to be weak and liked . If he finds that he arouses no real opposition , the tempo of his advance will increase . On the other hand , if he is vigorously opposed , he is unlikely at this stage to risk a break . Phipps gave a further warning on 1 April 1935 of Germanys growing military strength : Let us hope our pacifists at home may at length realise that the rapidly-growing monster of German militarism will not be placated by mere cooings , but will only be restrained from recourse to its ultima ratio by the knowledge that the Powers who desire peace are also strong enough to enforce it . During his first year in Berlin , Phipps managed to see Hitler only four times . Phipps himself regarded Hitler as something of a cipher or enigma ; Hitler was variously described in his dispatches back to London as more moderate than his followers or as possibly mad . In May 1936 , Phipps presented to Hitler the famous questionnaire , largely written by his brother-in-law , the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs , Sir Robert Vansittart , that asked point-blank if Germany intended to respect the existing territorial and political status of Europe and was willing to sign genuine treaties . Neither Hitler nor any other German leader ever responded to the questionnaire . Ambassador to France . In 1937 , Phipps was transferred to Paris as British Ambassador to France . During his time in Paris , Phipps strongly identified himself with French Foreign Minister Georges Bonnet , and most of his dispatches to London reflected Bonnets influence . On 24 September 1938 , at the height of the great crisis over Czechoslovakia that was to culminate in the Munich Agreement , Phipps reported back to London all that is best in France is against war , almost at any price , but it was opposed by a small , but noisy and corrupt , war group . Phippss negative assessment of the willingness and ability of France to go to war with Germany in 1938 created doubts in London about the value of France as an ally . In October 1938 , Bonnet carried out a purge of the Quai dOrsay , sidelining a number of officials opposed to his policy . In the aftermath of the purge , Bonnet was congratulated by Phipps for removing the warmongers René Massigli and Pierre Comert from the Quai dOrsay , but he went on to complain that Bonnet should have sacked Secretary-General Alexis Saint-Legér Léger as well . In response , Bonnet claimed that he and Saint-Legér Léger saw eye to eye . Phipps , who knew about the state of relations between the two , drily noted that in that case the eyes must be astigmatic . In November 1939 , suffering from ill-health , Phipps retired to Wiltshire . He died of a pulmonary embolism following a prostatectomy at the London Clinic in 1945 . Honours . Phipps was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George ( CMG ) in the 1920 New Year Honours , Commander of the Royal Victorian Order ( CVO ) in May 1922 , Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George ( KCMG ) in the 1927 Birthday Honours , Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George ( GCMG ) in 1934 , Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order ( GCVO ) in 1939 , and Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath ( GCB ) in 1941 . He was appointed to the Privy Council in 1933 , entitling him to the style The Right Honourable . He also held the Grand Cross of the Legion dHonneur and was a Commander of the Order of Leopold II of Belgium . In 1943 he served as High Sheriff of Wiltshire . Family . Phipps married Yvonne de Louvencourt in 1907 . After her death in 1909 he married Frances Ward , daughter of the sculptor Herbert Ward , in 1911 . He had six children , all by his second wife : 1 . Lieutenant-Colonel Mervyn Phipps ( 1912–1983 ) 2 . Lieutenant Alan Phipps RN ( 1915–1942 ; killed in action on Leros ) , whose son is Major-General Jeremy Phipps 3 . Mary Phipps ( born 1923 ) , married to Bonar Sykes , son of Sir Frederick Sykes and his wife , a daughter of former British Prime Minister Bonar Law 4 . Margaret Phipps ( born 1925 ) , married to George Cary , son of the Irish novelist Joyce Cary 5 . John-Francis Phipps ( born 1933 ) 6 . William Phipps ( 1936–2009 ) , who married Henrietta Frances Lamb ( 1931–2016 ) , elder daughter of the painter Henry Lamb and his wife Lady Pansy Lamb ( née Pakenham ) , sister of the 6th and 7th Earls of Longford Sources . - Adamthwaite , Anthony . France and the Coming of the Second World War 1936–1939 . London : Frank Cass , 1977 . . - Kidd , Charles , Williamson , David ( editors ) . Debretts Peerage and Baronetage ( 1990 edition ) . New York : St Martins Press , 1990 . - Herman , John . The Paris Embassy of Sir Eric Phipps , Sussex Academic Press , 1998 . - Oxford Dictionary of National Biography . - Watt , D.C . How War Came : The Immediate Origins of the Second World War , 1938–1939 . New York : Pantheon Books , 1989 . . |
[
"Cashman Field"
] | easy | What was the home venue of UNLV Rebels football from 1968 to 1970? | /wiki/UNLV_Rebels_football#P115#0 | UNLV Rebels football The UNLV Rebels football program is a college football team that represents the University of Nevada , Las Vegas ( UNLV ) . The team is a member of the Mountain West Conference , which is a Division I Bowl Subdivision ( formerly Division I-A ) conference of the National Collegiate Athletics Association ( NCAA ) . The program , which began on September 14 , 1968 , plays it’s home games at Allegiant Stadium in Paradise , Nevada . History . Early history . In 1967 , Nevada Southern University announced that they would field a collegiate football program beginning on September 14 , 1968 and announced that the team would be a Division II Independent and that Bill Ireland would be the programs first head coach . The Rebels played their first game of their inaugural season against the St . Marys Gaels at Cashman Field in Las Vegas . The Rebels won the game , defeating the Gaels 27–20 in front of 8,000 fans . The Rebels remained undefeated until the last game of the season , losing to the Cal Lutheran Kingsmen , 13–17 , as the Rebels finished their inaugural campaign 8–1 . The following year , the Rebels played their first game against in-state rival Nevada , losing to the Wolf Pack 28–30 . UNLV gained revenge , defeating Nevada the following year , 42–30 , in the first year that the Fremont Cannon was awarded . On September 25 , 1971 , the Rebels played their first game against a Division I school , when they played Utah State of the Pacific Coast Athletic Association ( PCAA ) , ultimately losing 7–27 . On October 23 , 1971 , the Rebels opened their new home , Las Vegas Stadium , against Weber State , losing 17–30 . At the end of the 1972 season with a disappointing 1–10 record , Ireland announced he was stepping down , leaving the Rebels with a 26–23–1 record . Ireland was replaced by Ron Meyer before the start of the 1973 season and Meyer led the Rebels back to powerhouse status with an 8–3 record , including their first victory over a major college opponent , thrashing Marshall 31–9 . The Rebels continued their strong campaign , breaking the national Division II top-10 and announcing their first All-American , running back Mike Thomas , who ran for the Division II national rushing title with 1,741 and setting nine school records in the process . The Rebels success continued in 1974 with the only undefeated season in school history , finishing 11–0 and ranking second in the national Division II polls , the highest any Rebels football team has ever placed . The Rebels embarked on their first post-season journey in a national quarterfinal against Alcorn State , defeating the Braves 35–22 in Las Vegas . The Rebels memorable season ended in the national semifinals in the Grantland Rice Bowl , losing to Delaware 11–49 . Meyer left the program in 1976 to take the head coaching position at collegiate powerhouse SMU . The move to Division I . Former Boise State coach Tony Knap took over the Rebels in 1976 , after Ron Meyers departure . Knap was able to continue the Rebels prior success under Meyer , with a 9–3 record , a ranking of 7th in the nation and a berth in the Division II playoffs , ultimately losing to Akron 6–27 in the national quarterfinals . After ten years as a Division II independent , the program made the jump to the Division I level in 1978 , independent of any conference affiliation . On September 9 , the Rebels played their first game as a Division I school , losing to Washington State 7–34 . The Rebels defeated their first major college opponent away from Las Vegas , with a 33–6 victory over Colorado State in Fort Collins . At the end of the season , the Rebels made a trip to Yokohama , Japan to compete against college football powerhouse Brigham Young , losing 28–24 . Even with the hard end to the season , the Rebels still produced a memorable year , going 7–4 in their first campaign at the Division I level . The 1981 season proved to be the last in Knaps tenure at UNLV , as he retired from coaching after a year of accomplishments , including the Rebels first appearance in the ABCs Regional Game of the Week ( a 21–45 loss at Wyoming ) , a 45–41 upset of 8th-ranked BYU in Provo , Utah and securing the programs 100th win ( 27–20 at UTEP ) in El Paso , Texas . The 1982 season was a big year in UNLV football history as the program hired its fourth head coach , Harvey Hyde and the Rebels became affiliated with a college athletic conference when they joined the Pacific Coast Athletic Association ( PCAA ) . The Rebels first PCAA game was a 27–29 loss to Pacific on October 2 . It took the entire season before the Rebels won their first conference game , a 42–23 victory against Cal State Fullerton on November 27 . The Rebels won their first conference championship in 1984 as the Randall Cunningham led Rebels finished 11–2 , including the programs first trip to a bowl game , a 30–13 victory over Toledo in the California Bowl in Fresno , California . Hyde stepped down after the 1985 season and a 5–5–1 record when the NCAA discovered that several players on the 1983 and 1984 Rebels were ineligible . The Rebels were forced to forfeit their entire 1983 and 1984 seasons , including the California Bowl . Wayne Nunnely became the programs fifth head coach on September 20 , 1986 and he coached the Rebels to a 17–7 victory over Wisconsin in front of the first sellout crowd in Silver Bowl Stadium history , a then record 32,207 fans . One of Nunnelys key players was Elbert Ickey Woods , the first Rebel and PCAA running back to win the national Division I rushing title , as he rushed for 1,658 yards and was drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals in the 1988 NFL Draft . 1994 was another memorable season for the Rebels , as wide receiver Randy Gatewood set two single-game receiving records in a 38–48 loss to Idaho on September 17 . The Rebels then stunned the heavily favored Nevada , 32–27 to win a share of the Big West Conference championship , the programs second title ( but the first one they were allowed to keep ) . The Rebels then defeated Central Michigan 52–24 in the Las Vegas Bowl on their home field . In 1996 , the Rebels along with San Jose State left the Big West Conference and became a member of the heavily expanded Western Athletic Conference . The league announced that it would hold a championship game for the top team in each of the two divisions at the end of each season and that the game would be held at Sam Boyd Stadium in Las Vegas . The Rebels lost their first WAC game , 65–17 to Air Force on September 7 . The Rebels finally won their first WAC game in a 44–42 shootout against San Diego State on November 16 , in a game in which freshman quarterback John Denton set an NCAA freshman record for passing yards with 503 . Although the Rebels finished 1–11 , Denton still set ten NCAA freshman records . On October 17 , 1998 , UNLV played their first overtime game , losing to San Diego State 17–20 . In 1999 , the Rebels finished with the programs first winless season , but had their first consensus First Team All-American in punter Joe Kristosik , who averaged a nationally-best 46.2 yard per punt average . 1999–present . In 1999 , the Rebels made headlines , first by leaving the WAC with seven other schools to form the Mountain West Conference , but also by announcing that the program had hired legendary collegiate and professional coach John Robinson as their eighth head coach . The school would repeat its conference hardships in the Mountain West as they lost their conference opener on September 25 , 14–52 to Utah . The Rebels won their first Mountain West game on October 9 , 35–32 against Wyoming . Although 1999 was a rough year , a UNLV win in week two featured one of the most improbable endings in college football history . The Rebels trailed on the road against Baylor 24–21 with ten seconds left . Baylor had the ball at the UNLV five yard line and UNLV was out of time outs . A kneel down would have given Baylor the victory , but Baylor chose to run the ball , fumbled and UNLVs Kevin Thomas recovered and returned it 99 yards for a touchdown and a 27–24 Rebel win . 2000 seemed to be the year in which Rebels football would finally turn around , as the Rebels made numerous gains to become a competitor for the Mountain West crown . The Rebels started by upsetting previously undefeated Air Force 34–13 on September 30 in the first time that ABC came to Las Vegas for the Rebels football game . The Rebels then ended a five-game skid to rival Nevada , defeating the Wolf Pack 34–13 in front of the largest crowd to see a game in the Battle for Nevada . The season went down to the wire as the Rebels had to pull out a 34–32 victory on the road against Hawaii to clinch their third berth in a bowl game . The Rebels were chosen as the Mountain West representative for the Las Vegas Bowl on December 20 . The Rebels would continue their undefeated streak in bowl games as they defeated Arkansas 31–14 in front of a Las Vegas Bowl record 29,113 fans . They finished the season 8–5 . Before the start of the 2001 season , the Rebels garnered national accolades as the team was ranked No . 25 in Sports Illustrateds preseason Top 25 and No . 24 in Football Digests rankings . Quarterback Jason Thomas was named a candidate for the Heisman Trophy , ranking as high as No . 7 . Although the Rebels seemed good on paper , the team did not gel and ended the season a disappointing 4–7 . On October 5 , 2002 , the Rebels defeated rival Nevada 21–17 for Robinsons 200th career coaching victory . Robinson retired after the 2004 season , having led the Rebels to a bowl game and five consecutive victories over rival Nevada . On December 6 , 2004 , the Rebels hired Utah assistant coach Mike Sanford as the 9th head coach . In his first three years at the helm of the Rebels football program , Sanford failed to win more than two games and had back to back 2–10 seasons , finishing last in the Mountain West all three years . Sanford failed to beat Nevada all five years he coached at UNLV . Despite UNLVs troubles the program sent former Rebels Eric Wright and Beau Bell to the NFL draft . The Rebels finished the 2008 season with a 5–7 record after starting the season 3–1 . This was the best win-loss record UNLV had since going 6–6 in 2003 . It also marked the first time UNLV did not finish last in their division since 2004 . Their 23–20 victory over No . 15 Arizona State was the first time the Rebels had beaten a ranked opponent since 2003 . The 2009 season was a disappointment and it led to Sanfords dismissal as coach . UNLV was picked to finish fifth in the conference , but the team began to fall apart after a surprising loss at Wyoming . That was followed by losses at Nevada , against Brigham Young and Utah , and at Texas Christian and the Air Force Academy — games in which UNLV was outscored 243–81 . They rebounded toward the end of the season and finished 5–7 . After the Air Force loss on November 14 , the school announced Sanfords last game as coach would be the season finale against San Diego State . Former Montana head coach Bobby Hauck was named as the 10th head coach on December 21 , 2009 . Former TCU , Alabama and Texas A&M head coach Dennis Franchione was also interviewed for the position . Before the 2014 Reno game , Bobby Hauck announced that he would be stepping down following the conclusion of the 2014 season . On December 10 , 2014 , the school announced that Tony Sanchez of Bishop Gorman High School would succeed Hauck as the 11th head coach of UNLV . Sanchez announced his completed staff at UNLV on December 22 , 2014 , which would feature staff members from Nebraska , Colorado , Oregon State , USC , Houston , Georgia State and Bishop Gorman . In 2016 , a new domed stadium was proposed and approved for Las Vegas that would be the home to the Las Vegas Raiders of the National Football League ( NFL ) after the team relocated to Las Vegas from Oakland and the Rebels accomplishing UNLVs goal of replacing Sam Boyd Stadium . UNLV had been trying to get Sam Boyd Stadium replaced with a new facility since 2011 but had not found the funding to do so . On September 2 , 2017 , the UNLV Rebels lost to the Howard University Bison 40–43 in Sam Boyd Stadium . Howard , a MEAC FCS opponent , was coached by Mike London , and led at quarterback by freshman Caylin Newton , younger brother of NFL star Cam Newton . As of September 2017 , due to high off-shore point spread numbers , Howards victory against UNLV is the biggest point spread upset in college football history . On November 23 , 2019 , the UNLV Rebels defeated the San Jose State Spartans in their final home game at Sam Boyd Stadium , 38–35 , in front of 17,373 fans in attendance . On November 25 , 2019 , Tony Sanchez and UNLV agreed to part ways , taking effect after the teams final regular season game . He was replaced by Oregon offensive coordinator Marcus Arroyo who was announced as the new head coach of the Rebel football program on December 11 , 2019 . On October 31 , 2020 , the Rebels opened their new home , Allegiant Stadium , against Nevada , losing 37–19 . Conference affiliations . - College Division Independent ( 1968–1972 ) - Division II Independent ( 1973–1977 ) - Division I-A Independent ( 1978–1981 ) - Big West Conference ( 1982–1995 ) - Pacific Coast Athletic Association ( 1982–1987 ) - Big West Conference ( 1988–1995 ) - Western Athletic Conference ( 1996–1998 ) - Mountain West Conference ( 1999–present ) Conference championships . UNLV has won two conference championships . Their 1984 Big West Conference title was forfeited due to using ineligible players . They finished the 1984 11–2 and with a 5–2 conference record prior to the forfeits . Bowl games . UNLV has played in four bowl games . † UNLV forfeited the original 30–13 win due to NCAA sanctions on ineligible players UNLV also played in the 1974 Grantland Rice Bowl , at the time a national semifinal for Division II , losing to Delaware . Head coaches . UNLV has had 11 head coaches in 50 years of college football . Rivalries . Nevada . Nevada leads the series 28–18 as of the conclusion of the 2020 season . Individual school records . Rushing records . - Most rushing attempts , career : 519 , Dominique Dorsey ( 2001–04 ) - Most rushing attempts , season : 274 , Mike Thomas ( 1973 ) - Shortest route to 100 yards , 4 attempts Shaquille Murray-Lawrence ( August 29 , 2013 ) vs . Minnesota Gophers - Most rushing attempts , game : 36 , Tim Cornett ( November 21 , 2013 ) vs . Air Force - Most rushing yards , career : 3,700 , Tim Cornett ( 2010–13 ) - Most rushing yards , season : 1,741 , Mike Thomas ( 1973 ) - Most rushing yards , game : 440 , Tim Cornett ( November 21 , 2013 ) vs . Air Force - Most rushing touchdowns , career : 37 , Mike Thomas ( 1973–74 ) - Most rushing touchdowns , season : 20 , Mike Thomas ( 1973 ) - Most rushing touchdowns , game : 8 , Tim Cornett ( November 21 , 2013 ) vs . Air Force - Longest run from scrimmage : , Darin Brightmon ( September 23 , 1989 vs . New Mexico State ) - Most games with at least 100 rushing yards , career : 17 , Mike Thomas ( 1973–74 ) - Most games with at least 100 rushing yards , season : 9 , Ickey Woods ( 1987 ) and Mike Thomas ( 1973 ) - Most games with at least 100 rushing yards , season : 6 , Kyle Boomer Toomer ( 1989 ) - Most games with at least 200 rushing yards , career : 5 , Mike Thomas ( 1973–74 ) - Most games with at least 200 rushing yards , season : 3 , Ickey Woods ( 1987 ) and Mike Thomas ( 1973 ) Passing records . - Most passing attempts , career : 1,029 , Randall Cunningham ( 1982–84 ) - Most passing attempts , season : 506 , Jon Denton ( 1996 ) - Most passing attempts , game : 61 , Jon Denton ( November 23 , 1996 at San José State ) - Most passing completions , career : 596 , Randall Cunningham ( 1982–84 ) - Most passing completions , season : 277 , Jon Denton ( 1996 ) - Most passing completions , game : 33 , Jon Denton ( November 23 , 1996 at San José State ) - Most passing yards , career : 8,020 , Randall Cunningham ( 1982–84 ) - Most passing yards , season : 3,778 , Sam King ( 1981 ) - Most passing yards , game : 503 , Jon Denton ( November 16 , 1996 vs . San Diego State ) - Most passing touchdowns , career : 59 , Randall Cunningham ( 1982–84 ) - Most passing touchdowns , season : 25 , Jon Denton ( 1996 ) - Most passing touchdowns , game : 5 , 3 times , most recently by Shane Steichen ( October 14 , 2006 vs New Mexico ) ( also a Mountain West Conference record ) - Longest pass completion : , Armani Rogers to Devonte Boyd ( September 9 , 2017 vs . Idaho ) - Most games with at least 200 passing yards , career : 24 , Randall Cunningham ( 1982–84 ) - Most games with at least 200 passing yards , season : 11 , Sam King ( 1981 ) - Most games with at least 300 passing yards , career : 9 , Jon Denton ( 1996–97 ) - Most games with at least 300 passing yards , season : 6 , Sam King ( 1981 ) Receiving records . - Most receptions , career : 187 , Damon Williams ( 1995–98 ) - Most receptions , season : 88 , Randy Gatewood ( 1994 ) - Most receptions , game : 23 , Randy Gatewood ( September 17 , 1994 vs . Idaho ) ( also an NCAA record ) - Most receiving yards , career : 2,604 , Earvin Johnson ( 2001–04 - Most receiving yards , season : 1,346 , Jim Sandusky ( 1981 ) - Most receiving yards , game : 363 , Randy Gatewood ( September 17 , 1994 vs . Idaho ) - Most touchdown receptions , career : 24 , Henry Bailey ( 1991–94 ) - Most touchdown receptions , season : 11 , Sam Greene ( 1980 ) - Most touchdown receptions , game : 4 , Henry Bailey ( September 17 , 1994 vs . Idaho ) and Nathaniel Hawkins ( October 30 , 1971 vs . New Mexico Highlands ) - Most games with at least 100 receiving yards , career : 8 , 4 players , most recently by Earvin Johnson ( 2001–04 ) - Most games with at least 100 receiving yards , season : 8 , Jim Sandusky ( 1981 ) Rebels in the pros . - Isaako Aaitui – Nose tackle - Waymon Alridge – Canadian Football League player - Shaquille Murray-Lawrence -Canadian Football League - Johan Asiata – Offensive lineman - Glenn Carano – Quarterback - Hunkie Cooper – Wide receiver/Defensive Back , an Arena Football League Hall of Famer . - Randall Cunningham – Quarterback - Randy Gatewood – Wide Receiver - Rocky Hinds – Quarterback - Carlton Johnson – Arena Football League player - Suge Knight – Defensive End , better known as co-founder and CEO of Death Row Records - Admiral Dewey Larry – USFL and CFL player - George J . Maloof , Jr . – cornerback , better known as a casino mogul - Kenny Mayne – Quarterback , better known as an ESPN SportsCenter anchor - Rodney Mazion – American football and baseball player - Keenan McCardell – Wide receiver - Adam Seward – Linebacker - Bob Stockham – Arena Football League player - Frank Summers – Fullback - Doc Wise – Arena Football League player - Ickey Woods – Running Back - Eric Wright – Cornerback - Joe Hawley - Center - Torry McTyer - cornerback Cincinnati Bengals - Robert Jackson - cornerback Cleveland Browns Future non-conference opponents . Announced schedules as of October 3 , 2020 . |
[
"Las Vegas Stadium"
] | easy | What was the home venue of UNLV Rebels football from 1971 to 2019? | /wiki/UNLV_Rebels_football#P115#1 | UNLV Rebels football The UNLV Rebels football program is a college football team that represents the University of Nevada , Las Vegas ( UNLV ) . The team is a member of the Mountain West Conference , which is a Division I Bowl Subdivision ( formerly Division I-A ) conference of the National Collegiate Athletics Association ( NCAA ) . The program , which began on September 14 , 1968 , plays it’s home games at Allegiant Stadium in Paradise , Nevada . History . Early history . In 1967 , Nevada Southern University announced that they would field a collegiate football program beginning on September 14 , 1968 and announced that the team would be a Division II Independent and that Bill Ireland would be the programs first head coach . The Rebels played their first game of their inaugural season against the St . Marys Gaels at Cashman Field in Las Vegas . The Rebels won the game , defeating the Gaels 27–20 in front of 8,000 fans . The Rebels remained undefeated until the last game of the season , losing to the Cal Lutheran Kingsmen , 13–17 , as the Rebels finished their inaugural campaign 8–1 . The following year , the Rebels played their first game against in-state rival Nevada , losing to the Wolf Pack 28–30 . UNLV gained revenge , defeating Nevada the following year , 42–30 , in the first year that the Fremont Cannon was awarded . On September 25 , 1971 , the Rebels played their first game against a Division I school , when they played Utah State of the Pacific Coast Athletic Association ( PCAA ) , ultimately losing 7–27 . On October 23 , 1971 , the Rebels opened their new home , Las Vegas Stadium , against Weber State , losing 17–30 . At the end of the 1972 season with a disappointing 1–10 record , Ireland announced he was stepping down , leaving the Rebels with a 26–23–1 record . Ireland was replaced by Ron Meyer before the start of the 1973 season and Meyer led the Rebels back to powerhouse status with an 8–3 record , including their first victory over a major college opponent , thrashing Marshall 31–9 . The Rebels continued their strong campaign , breaking the national Division II top-10 and announcing their first All-American , running back Mike Thomas , who ran for the Division II national rushing title with 1,741 and setting nine school records in the process . The Rebels success continued in 1974 with the only undefeated season in school history , finishing 11–0 and ranking second in the national Division II polls , the highest any Rebels football team has ever placed . The Rebels embarked on their first post-season journey in a national quarterfinal against Alcorn State , defeating the Braves 35–22 in Las Vegas . The Rebels memorable season ended in the national semifinals in the Grantland Rice Bowl , losing to Delaware 11–49 . Meyer left the program in 1976 to take the head coaching position at collegiate powerhouse SMU . The move to Division I . Former Boise State coach Tony Knap took over the Rebels in 1976 , after Ron Meyers departure . Knap was able to continue the Rebels prior success under Meyer , with a 9–3 record , a ranking of 7th in the nation and a berth in the Division II playoffs , ultimately losing to Akron 6–27 in the national quarterfinals . After ten years as a Division II independent , the program made the jump to the Division I level in 1978 , independent of any conference affiliation . On September 9 , the Rebels played their first game as a Division I school , losing to Washington State 7–34 . The Rebels defeated their first major college opponent away from Las Vegas , with a 33–6 victory over Colorado State in Fort Collins . At the end of the season , the Rebels made a trip to Yokohama , Japan to compete against college football powerhouse Brigham Young , losing 28–24 . Even with the hard end to the season , the Rebels still produced a memorable year , going 7–4 in their first campaign at the Division I level . The 1981 season proved to be the last in Knaps tenure at UNLV , as he retired from coaching after a year of accomplishments , including the Rebels first appearance in the ABCs Regional Game of the Week ( a 21–45 loss at Wyoming ) , a 45–41 upset of 8th-ranked BYU in Provo , Utah and securing the programs 100th win ( 27–20 at UTEP ) in El Paso , Texas . The 1982 season was a big year in UNLV football history as the program hired its fourth head coach , Harvey Hyde and the Rebels became affiliated with a college athletic conference when they joined the Pacific Coast Athletic Association ( PCAA ) . The Rebels first PCAA game was a 27–29 loss to Pacific on October 2 . It took the entire season before the Rebels won their first conference game , a 42–23 victory against Cal State Fullerton on November 27 . The Rebels won their first conference championship in 1984 as the Randall Cunningham led Rebels finished 11–2 , including the programs first trip to a bowl game , a 30–13 victory over Toledo in the California Bowl in Fresno , California . Hyde stepped down after the 1985 season and a 5–5–1 record when the NCAA discovered that several players on the 1983 and 1984 Rebels were ineligible . The Rebels were forced to forfeit their entire 1983 and 1984 seasons , including the California Bowl . Wayne Nunnely became the programs fifth head coach on September 20 , 1986 and he coached the Rebels to a 17–7 victory over Wisconsin in front of the first sellout crowd in Silver Bowl Stadium history , a then record 32,207 fans . One of Nunnelys key players was Elbert Ickey Woods , the first Rebel and PCAA running back to win the national Division I rushing title , as he rushed for 1,658 yards and was drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals in the 1988 NFL Draft . 1994 was another memorable season for the Rebels , as wide receiver Randy Gatewood set two single-game receiving records in a 38–48 loss to Idaho on September 17 . The Rebels then stunned the heavily favored Nevada , 32–27 to win a share of the Big West Conference championship , the programs second title ( but the first one they were allowed to keep ) . The Rebels then defeated Central Michigan 52–24 in the Las Vegas Bowl on their home field . In 1996 , the Rebels along with San Jose State left the Big West Conference and became a member of the heavily expanded Western Athletic Conference . The league announced that it would hold a championship game for the top team in each of the two divisions at the end of each season and that the game would be held at Sam Boyd Stadium in Las Vegas . The Rebels lost their first WAC game , 65–17 to Air Force on September 7 . The Rebels finally won their first WAC game in a 44–42 shootout against San Diego State on November 16 , in a game in which freshman quarterback John Denton set an NCAA freshman record for passing yards with 503 . Although the Rebels finished 1–11 , Denton still set ten NCAA freshman records . On October 17 , 1998 , UNLV played their first overtime game , losing to San Diego State 17–20 . In 1999 , the Rebels finished with the programs first winless season , but had their first consensus First Team All-American in punter Joe Kristosik , who averaged a nationally-best 46.2 yard per punt average . 1999–present . In 1999 , the Rebels made headlines , first by leaving the WAC with seven other schools to form the Mountain West Conference , but also by announcing that the program had hired legendary collegiate and professional coach John Robinson as their eighth head coach . The school would repeat its conference hardships in the Mountain West as they lost their conference opener on September 25 , 14–52 to Utah . The Rebels won their first Mountain West game on October 9 , 35–32 against Wyoming . Although 1999 was a rough year , a UNLV win in week two featured one of the most improbable endings in college football history . The Rebels trailed on the road against Baylor 24–21 with ten seconds left . Baylor had the ball at the UNLV five yard line and UNLV was out of time outs . A kneel down would have given Baylor the victory , but Baylor chose to run the ball , fumbled and UNLVs Kevin Thomas recovered and returned it 99 yards for a touchdown and a 27–24 Rebel win . 2000 seemed to be the year in which Rebels football would finally turn around , as the Rebels made numerous gains to become a competitor for the Mountain West crown . The Rebels started by upsetting previously undefeated Air Force 34–13 on September 30 in the first time that ABC came to Las Vegas for the Rebels football game . The Rebels then ended a five-game skid to rival Nevada , defeating the Wolf Pack 34–13 in front of the largest crowd to see a game in the Battle for Nevada . The season went down to the wire as the Rebels had to pull out a 34–32 victory on the road against Hawaii to clinch their third berth in a bowl game . The Rebels were chosen as the Mountain West representative for the Las Vegas Bowl on December 20 . The Rebels would continue their undefeated streak in bowl games as they defeated Arkansas 31–14 in front of a Las Vegas Bowl record 29,113 fans . They finished the season 8–5 . Before the start of the 2001 season , the Rebels garnered national accolades as the team was ranked No . 25 in Sports Illustrateds preseason Top 25 and No . 24 in Football Digests rankings . Quarterback Jason Thomas was named a candidate for the Heisman Trophy , ranking as high as No . 7 . Although the Rebels seemed good on paper , the team did not gel and ended the season a disappointing 4–7 . On October 5 , 2002 , the Rebels defeated rival Nevada 21–17 for Robinsons 200th career coaching victory . Robinson retired after the 2004 season , having led the Rebels to a bowl game and five consecutive victories over rival Nevada . On December 6 , 2004 , the Rebels hired Utah assistant coach Mike Sanford as the 9th head coach . In his first three years at the helm of the Rebels football program , Sanford failed to win more than two games and had back to back 2–10 seasons , finishing last in the Mountain West all three years . Sanford failed to beat Nevada all five years he coached at UNLV . Despite UNLVs troubles the program sent former Rebels Eric Wright and Beau Bell to the NFL draft . The Rebels finished the 2008 season with a 5–7 record after starting the season 3–1 . This was the best win-loss record UNLV had since going 6–6 in 2003 . It also marked the first time UNLV did not finish last in their division since 2004 . Their 23–20 victory over No . 15 Arizona State was the first time the Rebels had beaten a ranked opponent since 2003 . The 2009 season was a disappointment and it led to Sanfords dismissal as coach . UNLV was picked to finish fifth in the conference , but the team began to fall apart after a surprising loss at Wyoming . That was followed by losses at Nevada , against Brigham Young and Utah , and at Texas Christian and the Air Force Academy — games in which UNLV was outscored 243–81 . They rebounded toward the end of the season and finished 5–7 . After the Air Force loss on November 14 , the school announced Sanfords last game as coach would be the season finale against San Diego State . Former Montana head coach Bobby Hauck was named as the 10th head coach on December 21 , 2009 . Former TCU , Alabama and Texas A&M head coach Dennis Franchione was also interviewed for the position . Before the 2014 Reno game , Bobby Hauck announced that he would be stepping down following the conclusion of the 2014 season . On December 10 , 2014 , the school announced that Tony Sanchez of Bishop Gorman High School would succeed Hauck as the 11th head coach of UNLV . Sanchez announced his completed staff at UNLV on December 22 , 2014 , which would feature staff members from Nebraska , Colorado , Oregon State , USC , Houston , Georgia State and Bishop Gorman . In 2016 , a new domed stadium was proposed and approved for Las Vegas that would be the home to the Las Vegas Raiders of the National Football League ( NFL ) after the team relocated to Las Vegas from Oakland and the Rebels accomplishing UNLVs goal of replacing Sam Boyd Stadium . UNLV had been trying to get Sam Boyd Stadium replaced with a new facility since 2011 but had not found the funding to do so . On September 2 , 2017 , the UNLV Rebels lost to the Howard University Bison 40–43 in Sam Boyd Stadium . Howard , a MEAC FCS opponent , was coached by Mike London , and led at quarterback by freshman Caylin Newton , younger brother of NFL star Cam Newton . As of September 2017 , due to high off-shore point spread numbers , Howards victory against UNLV is the biggest point spread upset in college football history . On November 23 , 2019 , the UNLV Rebels defeated the San Jose State Spartans in their final home game at Sam Boyd Stadium , 38–35 , in front of 17,373 fans in attendance . On November 25 , 2019 , Tony Sanchez and UNLV agreed to part ways , taking effect after the teams final regular season game . He was replaced by Oregon offensive coordinator Marcus Arroyo who was announced as the new head coach of the Rebel football program on December 11 , 2019 . On October 31 , 2020 , the Rebels opened their new home , Allegiant Stadium , against Nevada , losing 37–19 . Conference affiliations . - College Division Independent ( 1968–1972 ) - Division II Independent ( 1973–1977 ) - Division I-A Independent ( 1978–1981 ) - Big West Conference ( 1982–1995 ) - Pacific Coast Athletic Association ( 1982–1987 ) - Big West Conference ( 1988–1995 ) - Western Athletic Conference ( 1996–1998 ) - Mountain West Conference ( 1999–present ) Conference championships . UNLV has won two conference championships . Their 1984 Big West Conference title was forfeited due to using ineligible players . They finished the 1984 11–2 and with a 5–2 conference record prior to the forfeits . Bowl games . UNLV has played in four bowl games . † UNLV forfeited the original 30–13 win due to NCAA sanctions on ineligible players UNLV also played in the 1974 Grantland Rice Bowl , at the time a national semifinal for Division II , losing to Delaware . Head coaches . UNLV has had 11 head coaches in 50 years of college football . Rivalries . Nevada . Nevada leads the series 28–18 as of the conclusion of the 2020 season . Individual school records . Rushing records . - Most rushing attempts , career : 519 , Dominique Dorsey ( 2001–04 ) - Most rushing attempts , season : 274 , Mike Thomas ( 1973 ) - Shortest route to 100 yards , 4 attempts Shaquille Murray-Lawrence ( August 29 , 2013 ) vs . Minnesota Gophers - Most rushing attempts , game : 36 , Tim Cornett ( November 21 , 2013 ) vs . Air Force - Most rushing yards , career : 3,700 , Tim Cornett ( 2010–13 ) - Most rushing yards , season : 1,741 , Mike Thomas ( 1973 ) - Most rushing yards , game : 440 , Tim Cornett ( November 21 , 2013 ) vs . Air Force - Most rushing touchdowns , career : 37 , Mike Thomas ( 1973–74 ) - Most rushing touchdowns , season : 20 , Mike Thomas ( 1973 ) - Most rushing touchdowns , game : 8 , Tim Cornett ( November 21 , 2013 ) vs . Air Force - Longest run from scrimmage : , Darin Brightmon ( September 23 , 1989 vs . New Mexico State ) - Most games with at least 100 rushing yards , career : 17 , Mike Thomas ( 1973–74 ) - Most games with at least 100 rushing yards , season : 9 , Ickey Woods ( 1987 ) and Mike Thomas ( 1973 ) - Most games with at least 100 rushing yards , season : 6 , Kyle Boomer Toomer ( 1989 ) - Most games with at least 200 rushing yards , career : 5 , Mike Thomas ( 1973–74 ) - Most games with at least 200 rushing yards , season : 3 , Ickey Woods ( 1987 ) and Mike Thomas ( 1973 ) Passing records . - Most passing attempts , career : 1,029 , Randall Cunningham ( 1982–84 ) - Most passing attempts , season : 506 , Jon Denton ( 1996 ) - Most passing attempts , game : 61 , Jon Denton ( November 23 , 1996 at San José State ) - Most passing completions , career : 596 , Randall Cunningham ( 1982–84 ) - Most passing completions , season : 277 , Jon Denton ( 1996 ) - Most passing completions , game : 33 , Jon Denton ( November 23 , 1996 at San José State ) - Most passing yards , career : 8,020 , Randall Cunningham ( 1982–84 ) - Most passing yards , season : 3,778 , Sam King ( 1981 ) - Most passing yards , game : 503 , Jon Denton ( November 16 , 1996 vs . San Diego State ) - Most passing touchdowns , career : 59 , Randall Cunningham ( 1982–84 ) - Most passing touchdowns , season : 25 , Jon Denton ( 1996 ) - Most passing touchdowns , game : 5 , 3 times , most recently by Shane Steichen ( October 14 , 2006 vs New Mexico ) ( also a Mountain West Conference record ) - Longest pass completion : , Armani Rogers to Devonte Boyd ( September 9 , 2017 vs . Idaho ) - Most games with at least 200 passing yards , career : 24 , Randall Cunningham ( 1982–84 ) - Most games with at least 200 passing yards , season : 11 , Sam King ( 1981 ) - Most games with at least 300 passing yards , career : 9 , Jon Denton ( 1996–97 ) - Most games with at least 300 passing yards , season : 6 , Sam King ( 1981 ) Receiving records . - Most receptions , career : 187 , Damon Williams ( 1995–98 ) - Most receptions , season : 88 , Randy Gatewood ( 1994 ) - Most receptions , game : 23 , Randy Gatewood ( September 17 , 1994 vs . Idaho ) ( also an NCAA record ) - Most receiving yards , career : 2,604 , Earvin Johnson ( 2001–04 - Most receiving yards , season : 1,346 , Jim Sandusky ( 1981 ) - Most receiving yards , game : 363 , Randy Gatewood ( September 17 , 1994 vs . Idaho ) - Most touchdown receptions , career : 24 , Henry Bailey ( 1991–94 ) - Most touchdown receptions , season : 11 , Sam Greene ( 1980 ) - Most touchdown receptions , game : 4 , Henry Bailey ( September 17 , 1994 vs . Idaho ) and Nathaniel Hawkins ( October 30 , 1971 vs . New Mexico Highlands ) - Most games with at least 100 receiving yards , career : 8 , 4 players , most recently by Earvin Johnson ( 2001–04 ) - Most games with at least 100 receiving yards , season : 8 , Jim Sandusky ( 1981 ) Rebels in the pros . - Isaako Aaitui – Nose tackle - Waymon Alridge – Canadian Football League player - Shaquille Murray-Lawrence -Canadian Football League - Johan Asiata – Offensive lineman - Glenn Carano – Quarterback - Hunkie Cooper – Wide receiver/Defensive Back , an Arena Football League Hall of Famer . - Randall Cunningham – Quarterback - Randy Gatewood – Wide Receiver - Rocky Hinds – Quarterback - Carlton Johnson – Arena Football League player - Suge Knight – Defensive End , better known as co-founder and CEO of Death Row Records - Admiral Dewey Larry – USFL and CFL player - George J . Maloof , Jr . – cornerback , better known as a casino mogul - Kenny Mayne – Quarterback , better known as an ESPN SportsCenter anchor - Rodney Mazion – American football and baseball player - Keenan McCardell – Wide receiver - Adam Seward – Linebacker - Bob Stockham – Arena Football League player - Frank Summers – Fullback - Doc Wise – Arena Football League player - Ickey Woods – Running Back - Eric Wright – Cornerback - Joe Hawley - Center - Torry McTyer - cornerback Cincinnati Bengals - Robert Jackson - cornerback Cleveland Browns Future non-conference opponents . Announced schedules as of October 3 , 2020 . |
[
"Allegiant Stadium"
] | easy | What was the home venue of UNLV Rebels football from 2020 to 2021? | /wiki/UNLV_Rebels_football#P115#2 | UNLV Rebels football The UNLV Rebels football program is a college football team that represents the University of Nevada , Las Vegas ( UNLV ) . The team is a member of the Mountain West Conference , which is a Division I Bowl Subdivision ( formerly Division I-A ) conference of the National Collegiate Athletics Association ( NCAA ) . The program , which began on September 14 , 1968 , plays it’s home games at Allegiant Stadium in Paradise , Nevada . History . Early history . In 1967 , Nevada Southern University announced that they would field a collegiate football program beginning on September 14 , 1968 and announced that the team would be a Division II Independent and that Bill Ireland would be the programs first head coach . The Rebels played their first game of their inaugural season against the St . Marys Gaels at Cashman Field in Las Vegas . The Rebels won the game , defeating the Gaels 27–20 in front of 8,000 fans . The Rebels remained undefeated until the last game of the season , losing to the Cal Lutheran Kingsmen , 13–17 , as the Rebels finished their inaugural campaign 8–1 . The following year , the Rebels played their first game against in-state rival Nevada , losing to the Wolf Pack 28–30 . UNLV gained revenge , defeating Nevada the following year , 42–30 , in the first year that the Fremont Cannon was awarded . On September 25 , 1971 , the Rebels played their first game against a Division I school , when they played Utah State of the Pacific Coast Athletic Association ( PCAA ) , ultimately losing 7–27 . On October 23 , 1971 , the Rebels opened their new home , Las Vegas Stadium , against Weber State , losing 17–30 . At the end of the 1972 season with a disappointing 1–10 record , Ireland announced he was stepping down , leaving the Rebels with a 26–23–1 record . Ireland was replaced by Ron Meyer before the start of the 1973 season and Meyer led the Rebels back to powerhouse status with an 8–3 record , including their first victory over a major college opponent , thrashing Marshall 31–9 . The Rebels continued their strong campaign , breaking the national Division II top-10 and announcing their first All-American , running back Mike Thomas , who ran for the Division II national rushing title with 1,741 and setting nine school records in the process . The Rebels success continued in 1974 with the only undefeated season in school history , finishing 11–0 and ranking second in the national Division II polls , the highest any Rebels football team has ever placed . The Rebels embarked on their first post-season journey in a national quarterfinal against Alcorn State , defeating the Braves 35–22 in Las Vegas . The Rebels memorable season ended in the national semifinals in the Grantland Rice Bowl , losing to Delaware 11–49 . Meyer left the program in 1976 to take the head coaching position at collegiate powerhouse SMU . The move to Division I . Former Boise State coach Tony Knap took over the Rebels in 1976 , after Ron Meyers departure . Knap was able to continue the Rebels prior success under Meyer , with a 9–3 record , a ranking of 7th in the nation and a berth in the Division II playoffs , ultimately losing to Akron 6–27 in the national quarterfinals . After ten years as a Division II independent , the program made the jump to the Division I level in 1978 , independent of any conference affiliation . On September 9 , the Rebels played their first game as a Division I school , losing to Washington State 7–34 . The Rebels defeated their first major college opponent away from Las Vegas , with a 33–6 victory over Colorado State in Fort Collins . At the end of the season , the Rebels made a trip to Yokohama , Japan to compete against college football powerhouse Brigham Young , losing 28–24 . Even with the hard end to the season , the Rebels still produced a memorable year , going 7–4 in their first campaign at the Division I level . The 1981 season proved to be the last in Knaps tenure at UNLV , as he retired from coaching after a year of accomplishments , including the Rebels first appearance in the ABCs Regional Game of the Week ( a 21–45 loss at Wyoming ) , a 45–41 upset of 8th-ranked BYU in Provo , Utah and securing the programs 100th win ( 27–20 at UTEP ) in El Paso , Texas . The 1982 season was a big year in UNLV football history as the program hired its fourth head coach , Harvey Hyde and the Rebels became affiliated with a college athletic conference when they joined the Pacific Coast Athletic Association ( PCAA ) . The Rebels first PCAA game was a 27–29 loss to Pacific on October 2 . It took the entire season before the Rebels won their first conference game , a 42–23 victory against Cal State Fullerton on November 27 . The Rebels won their first conference championship in 1984 as the Randall Cunningham led Rebels finished 11–2 , including the programs first trip to a bowl game , a 30–13 victory over Toledo in the California Bowl in Fresno , California . Hyde stepped down after the 1985 season and a 5–5–1 record when the NCAA discovered that several players on the 1983 and 1984 Rebels were ineligible . The Rebels were forced to forfeit their entire 1983 and 1984 seasons , including the California Bowl . Wayne Nunnely became the programs fifth head coach on September 20 , 1986 and he coached the Rebels to a 17–7 victory over Wisconsin in front of the first sellout crowd in Silver Bowl Stadium history , a then record 32,207 fans . One of Nunnelys key players was Elbert Ickey Woods , the first Rebel and PCAA running back to win the national Division I rushing title , as he rushed for 1,658 yards and was drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals in the 1988 NFL Draft . 1994 was another memorable season for the Rebels , as wide receiver Randy Gatewood set two single-game receiving records in a 38–48 loss to Idaho on September 17 . The Rebels then stunned the heavily favored Nevada , 32–27 to win a share of the Big West Conference championship , the programs second title ( but the first one they were allowed to keep ) . The Rebels then defeated Central Michigan 52–24 in the Las Vegas Bowl on their home field . In 1996 , the Rebels along with San Jose State left the Big West Conference and became a member of the heavily expanded Western Athletic Conference . The league announced that it would hold a championship game for the top team in each of the two divisions at the end of each season and that the game would be held at Sam Boyd Stadium in Las Vegas . The Rebels lost their first WAC game , 65–17 to Air Force on September 7 . The Rebels finally won their first WAC game in a 44–42 shootout against San Diego State on November 16 , in a game in which freshman quarterback John Denton set an NCAA freshman record for passing yards with 503 . Although the Rebels finished 1–11 , Denton still set ten NCAA freshman records . On October 17 , 1998 , UNLV played their first overtime game , losing to San Diego State 17–20 . In 1999 , the Rebels finished with the programs first winless season , but had their first consensus First Team All-American in punter Joe Kristosik , who averaged a nationally-best 46.2 yard per punt average . 1999–present . In 1999 , the Rebels made headlines , first by leaving the WAC with seven other schools to form the Mountain West Conference , but also by announcing that the program had hired legendary collegiate and professional coach John Robinson as their eighth head coach . The school would repeat its conference hardships in the Mountain West as they lost their conference opener on September 25 , 14–52 to Utah . The Rebels won their first Mountain West game on October 9 , 35–32 against Wyoming . Although 1999 was a rough year , a UNLV win in week two featured one of the most improbable endings in college football history . The Rebels trailed on the road against Baylor 24–21 with ten seconds left . Baylor had the ball at the UNLV five yard line and UNLV was out of time outs . A kneel down would have given Baylor the victory , but Baylor chose to run the ball , fumbled and UNLVs Kevin Thomas recovered and returned it 99 yards for a touchdown and a 27–24 Rebel win . 2000 seemed to be the year in which Rebels football would finally turn around , as the Rebels made numerous gains to become a competitor for the Mountain West crown . The Rebels started by upsetting previously undefeated Air Force 34–13 on September 30 in the first time that ABC came to Las Vegas for the Rebels football game . The Rebels then ended a five-game skid to rival Nevada , defeating the Wolf Pack 34–13 in front of the largest crowd to see a game in the Battle for Nevada . The season went down to the wire as the Rebels had to pull out a 34–32 victory on the road against Hawaii to clinch their third berth in a bowl game . The Rebels were chosen as the Mountain West representative for the Las Vegas Bowl on December 20 . The Rebels would continue their undefeated streak in bowl games as they defeated Arkansas 31–14 in front of a Las Vegas Bowl record 29,113 fans . They finished the season 8–5 . Before the start of the 2001 season , the Rebels garnered national accolades as the team was ranked No . 25 in Sports Illustrateds preseason Top 25 and No . 24 in Football Digests rankings . Quarterback Jason Thomas was named a candidate for the Heisman Trophy , ranking as high as No . 7 . Although the Rebels seemed good on paper , the team did not gel and ended the season a disappointing 4–7 . On October 5 , 2002 , the Rebels defeated rival Nevada 21–17 for Robinsons 200th career coaching victory . Robinson retired after the 2004 season , having led the Rebels to a bowl game and five consecutive victories over rival Nevada . On December 6 , 2004 , the Rebels hired Utah assistant coach Mike Sanford as the 9th head coach . In his first three years at the helm of the Rebels football program , Sanford failed to win more than two games and had back to back 2–10 seasons , finishing last in the Mountain West all three years . Sanford failed to beat Nevada all five years he coached at UNLV . Despite UNLVs troubles the program sent former Rebels Eric Wright and Beau Bell to the NFL draft . The Rebels finished the 2008 season with a 5–7 record after starting the season 3–1 . This was the best win-loss record UNLV had since going 6–6 in 2003 . It also marked the first time UNLV did not finish last in their division since 2004 . Their 23–20 victory over No . 15 Arizona State was the first time the Rebels had beaten a ranked opponent since 2003 . The 2009 season was a disappointment and it led to Sanfords dismissal as coach . UNLV was picked to finish fifth in the conference , but the team began to fall apart after a surprising loss at Wyoming . That was followed by losses at Nevada , against Brigham Young and Utah , and at Texas Christian and the Air Force Academy — games in which UNLV was outscored 243–81 . They rebounded toward the end of the season and finished 5–7 . After the Air Force loss on November 14 , the school announced Sanfords last game as coach would be the season finale against San Diego State . Former Montana head coach Bobby Hauck was named as the 10th head coach on December 21 , 2009 . Former TCU , Alabama and Texas A&M head coach Dennis Franchione was also interviewed for the position . Before the 2014 Reno game , Bobby Hauck announced that he would be stepping down following the conclusion of the 2014 season . On December 10 , 2014 , the school announced that Tony Sanchez of Bishop Gorman High School would succeed Hauck as the 11th head coach of UNLV . Sanchez announced his completed staff at UNLV on December 22 , 2014 , which would feature staff members from Nebraska , Colorado , Oregon State , USC , Houston , Georgia State and Bishop Gorman . In 2016 , a new domed stadium was proposed and approved for Las Vegas that would be the home to the Las Vegas Raiders of the National Football League ( NFL ) after the team relocated to Las Vegas from Oakland and the Rebels accomplishing UNLVs goal of replacing Sam Boyd Stadium . UNLV had been trying to get Sam Boyd Stadium replaced with a new facility since 2011 but had not found the funding to do so . On September 2 , 2017 , the UNLV Rebels lost to the Howard University Bison 40–43 in Sam Boyd Stadium . Howard , a MEAC FCS opponent , was coached by Mike London , and led at quarterback by freshman Caylin Newton , younger brother of NFL star Cam Newton . As of September 2017 , due to high off-shore point spread numbers , Howards victory against UNLV is the biggest point spread upset in college football history . On November 23 , 2019 , the UNLV Rebels defeated the San Jose State Spartans in their final home game at Sam Boyd Stadium , 38–35 , in front of 17,373 fans in attendance . On November 25 , 2019 , Tony Sanchez and UNLV agreed to part ways , taking effect after the teams final regular season game . He was replaced by Oregon offensive coordinator Marcus Arroyo who was announced as the new head coach of the Rebel football program on December 11 , 2019 . On October 31 , 2020 , the Rebels opened their new home , Allegiant Stadium , against Nevada , losing 37–19 . Conference affiliations . - College Division Independent ( 1968–1972 ) - Division II Independent ( 1973–1977 ) - Division I-A Independent ( 1978–1981 ) - Big West Conference ( 1982–1995 ) - Pacific Coast Athletic Association ( 1982–1987 ) - Big West Conference ( 1988–1995 ) - Western Athletic Conference ( 1996–1998 ) - Mountain West Conference ( 1999–present ) Conference championships . UNLV has won two conference championships . Their 1984 Big West Conference title was forfeited due to using ineligible players . They finished the 1984 11–2 and with a 5–2 conference record prior to the forfeits . Bowl games . UNLV has played in four bowl games . † UNLV forfeited the original 30–13 win due to NCAA sanctions on ineligible players UNLV also played in the 1974 Grantland Rice Bowl , at the time a national semifinal for Division II , losing to Delaware . Head coaches . UNLV has had 11 head coaches in 50 years of college football . Rivalries . Nevada . Nevada leads the series 28–18 as of the conclusion of the 2020 season . Individual school records . Rushing records . - Most rushing attempts , career : 519 , Dominique Dorsey ( 2001–04 ) - Most rushing attempts , season : 274 , Mike Thomas ( 1973 ) - Shortest route to 100 yards , 4 attempts Shaquille Murray-Lawrence ( August 29 , 2013 ) vs . Minnesota Gophers - Most rushing attempts , game : 36 , Tim Cornett ( November 21 , 2013 ) vs . Air Force - Most rushing yards , career : 3,700 , Tim Cornett ( 2010–13 ) - Most rushing yards , season : 1,741 , Mike Thomas ( 1973 ) - Most rushing yards , game : 440 , Tim Cornett ( November 21 , 2013 ) vs . Air Force - Most rushing touchdowns , career : 37 , Mike Thomas ( 1973–74 ) - Most rushing touchdowns , season : 20 , Mike Thomas ( 1973 ) - Most rushing touchdowns , game : 8 , Tim Cornett ( November 21 , 2013 ) vs . Air Force - Longest run from scrimmage : , Darin Brightmon ( September 23 , 1989 vs . New Mexico State ) - Most games with at least 100 rushing yards , career : 17 , Mike Thomas ( 1973–74 ) - Most games with at least 100 rushing yards , season : 9 , Ickey Woods ( 1987 ) and Mike Thomas ( 1973 ) - Most games with at least 100 rushing yards , season : 6 , Kyle Boomer Toomer ( 1989 ) - Most games with at least 200 rushing yards , career : 5 , Mike Thomas ( 1973–74 ) - Most games with at least 200 rushing yards , season : 3 , Ickey Woods ( 1987 ) and Mike Thomas ( 1973 ) Passing records . - Most passing attempts , career : 1,029 , Randall Cunningham ( 1982–84 ) - Most passing attempts , season : 506 , Jon Denton ( 1996 ) - Most passing attempts , game : 61 , Jon Denton ( November 23 , 1996 at San José State ) - Most passing completions , career : 596 , Randall Cunningham ( 1982–84 ) - Most passing completions , season : 277 , Jon Denton ( 1996 ) - Most passing completions , game : 33 , Jon Denton ( November 23 , 1996 at San José State ) - Most passing yards , career : 8,020 , Randall Cunningham ( 1982–84 ) - Most passing yards , season : 3,778 , Sam King ( 1981 ) - Most passing yards , game : 503 , Jon Denton ( November 16 , 1996 vs . San Diego State ) - Most passing touchdowns , career : 59 , Randall Cunningham ( 1982–84 ) - Most passing touchdowns , season : 25 , Jon Denton ( 1996 ) - Most passing touchdowns , game : 5 , 3 times , most recently by Shane Steichen ( October 14 , 2006 vs New Mexico ) ( also a Mountain West Conference record ) - Longest pass completion : , Armani Rogers to Devonte Boyd ( September 9 , 2017 vs . Idaho ) - Most games with at least 200 passing yards , career : 24 , Randall Cunningham ( 1982–84 ) - Most games with at least 200 passing yards , season : 11 , Sam King ( 1981 ) - Most games with at least 300 passing yards , career : 9 , Jon Denton ( 1996–97 ) - Most games with at least 300 passing yards , season : 6 , Sam King ( 1981 ) Receiving records . - Most receptions , career : 187 , Damon Williams ( 1995–98 ) - Most receptions , season : 88 , Randy Gatewood ( 1994 ) - Most receptions , game : 23 , Randy Gatewood ( September 17 , 1994 vs . Idaho ) ( also an NCAA record ) - Most receiving yards , career : 2,604 , Earvin Johnson ( 2001–04 - Most receiving yards , season : 1,346 , Jim Sandusky ( 1981 ) - Most receiving yards , game : 363 , Randy Gatewood ( September 17 , 1994 vs . Idaho ) - Most touchdown receptions , career : 24 , Henry Bailey ( 1991–94 ) - Most touchdown receptions , season : 11 , Sam Greene ( 1980 ) - Most touchdown receptions , game : 4 , Henry Bailey ( September 17 , 1994 vs . Idaho ) and Nathaniel Hawkins ( October 30 , 1971 vs . New Mexico Highlands ) - Most games with at least 100 receiving yards , career : 8 , 4 players , most recently by Earvin Johnson ( 2001–04 ) - Most games with at least 100 receiving yards , season : 8 , Jim Sandusky ( 1981 ) Rebels in the pros . - Isaako Aaitui – Nose tackle - Waymon Alridge – Canadian Football League player - Shaquille Murray-Lawrence -Canadian Football League - Johan Asiata – Offensive lineman - Glenn Carano – Quarterback - Hunkie Cooper – Wide receiver/Defensive Back , an Arena Football League Hall of Famer . - Randall Cunningham – Quarterback - Randy Gatewood – Wide Receiver - Rocky Hinds – Quarterback - Carlton Johnson – Arena Football League player - Suge Knight – Defensive End , better known as co-founder and CEO of Death Row Records - Admiral Dewey Larry – USFL and CFL player - George J . Maloof , Jr . – cornerback , better known as a casino mogul - Kenny Mayne – Quarterback , better known as an ESPN SportsCenter anchor - Rodney Mazion – American football and baseball player - Keenan McCardell – Wide receiver - Adam Seward – Linebacker - Bob Stockham – Arena Football League player - Frank Summers – Fullback - Doc Wise – Arena Football League player - Ickey Woods – Running Back - Eric Wright – Cornerback - Joe Hawley - Center - Torry McTyer - cornerback Cincinnati Bengals - Robert Jackson - cornerback Cleveland Browns Future non-conference opponents . Announced schedules as of October 3 , 2020 . |
[
"Dordrecht"
] | easy | What was the working location for Arnold Houbraken from 1678 to 1709? | /wiki/Arnold_Houbraken#P937#0 | Arnold Houbraken Arnold Houbraken ( 28 March 1660 – 14 October 1719 ) was a Dutch painter and writer from Dordrecht , now remembered mainly as a biographer of Dutch Golden Age painters . Life . Houbraken was sent first to learn threadtwisting ( Twyndraat ) from Johannes de Haan , who introduced him to engraving . After two years he then studied art with Willem van Drielenburch , who he was with during the rampjaar , the year 1672 . He then studied 9 months with Jacobus Leveck and finally , four years with Samuel van Hoogstraten . In 1685 he married Sara Sasbout , and around 1709 he moved from Dordrecht to Amsterdam . Arnold Houbraken painted mythological and religious paintings , portraits and landscapes . He is best known for the art historical work The Great Theatre of Dutch Painters ( 1718–1721 ) . When he died his son Jacob assisted his mother with the last proofs of the manuscript before publishing . His first attempt at an instructive manual for artists was his Emblem book , Inhoud van t Sieraad der Afbeelding , which was meant as a guide of possible painting themes . His registered pupils were Matthijs Balen , Johan Graham , and his son Jacob . Family . Houbraken had ten children . His son Jacobus Houbraken ( 1698–1780 ) was an engraver of portraits and book illustrations , including books by his father . His daughter Antonina Houbraken also became an engraver for an Amsterdam publisher , and is known today for her embellishment of cityscapes and buildings with animals and people . His daughter Christina Houbraken was also an artist . Legacy . Arnold Houbrakens books sold quite well during the entire 18th century . Jacob Campo Weyerman published his updated version ( 1729–47 ) in serial form that was published as a complete set in 1769 . Houbrakens engravings of the artists are in some cases the only surviving portraits of these people . The first to make a published sequel to Houbrakens work was Johan van Gool in 1750–51 . Though these books published well , with changing fashions , during the course of the 19th century Houbraken fell out of favor with art historians , especially when his sketches were found wanting , incorrect , or even slanderous . Houbraken was very careful to check and double check his sources , and today many of his personal judgements still stand up to our modern scrutiny . Attacks of his judgement due to the spelling of artists names or accusations that he was nationalistic and deemed all of these artists as Netherlandish must be dismissed on the grounds that the various borders between the Netherlands , Germany , and Flanders were far from decided in the period during which he was writing , and spelling conventions in the Netherlands regarding names were only introduced by Napoleonic decree in the 1790s . Excepting those cases where the artist died quite young , or whose oeuvre was lost during various wars , very few artists were included in the Schouburg who do not hang in international museums today . The first modern art historian to publish an update of his work was Adriaan van der Willigen , in 1866 . Since then he has remained a valuable resource for art historians . The Schouburgh is part of the Basic Library of the dbnl ( Database of Dutch Literature ) which contains the 1000 most important works in Dutch literature from the Middle Ages to today . Public collections . - Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen , Rotterdam - Rijksmuseum Amsterdam Bibliography . - ( 1711 ) Aen den heere Jakob Zeeus , den Wolf in t schaepsvel ter drukpersse bestellende In : De wolf in t schaepsvel - ( 1712 ) Inhoud van t Sieraad der Afbeelding In : Des menschen begin , midden en einde - ( 1718 ) De groote schouburgh der Nederlantsche konstschilders en schilderessen ( The Great Theatre of Dutch Painters ) External links . - The Man behind the Painter - Schouburg in the Digitale Bibliotheek der Nederlandse Letteren ( DBNL , Digital library for Dutch literature ) - Schouburg on Google books ( Edition from 1721 ) |
[
"Amsterdam"
] | easy | Where did Arnold Houbraken work from 1709 to 1713? | /wiki/Arnold_Houbraken#P937#1 | Arnold Houbraken Arnold Houbraken ( 28 March 1660 – 14 October 1719 ) was a Dutch painter and writer from Dordrecht , now remembered mainly as a biographer of Dutch Golden Age painters . Life . Houbraken was sent first to learn threadtwisting ( Twyndraat ) from Johannes de Haan , who introduced him to engraving . After two years he then studied art with Willem van Drielenburch , who he was with during the rampjaar , the year 1672 . He then studied 9 months with Jacobus Leveck and finally , four years with Samuel van Hoogstraten . In 1685 he married Sara Sasbout , and around 1709 he moved from Dordrecht to Amsterdam . Arnold Houbraken painted mythological and religious paintings , portraits and landscapes . He is best known for the art historical work The Great Theatre of Dutch Painters ( 1718–1721 ) . When he died his son Jacob assisted his mother with the last proofs of the manuscript before publishing . His first attempt at an instructive manual for artists was his Emblem book , Inhoud van t Sieraad der Afbeelding , which was meant as a guide of possible painting themes . His registered pupils were Matthijs Balen , Johan Graham , and his son Jacob . Family . Houbraken had ten children . His son Jacobus Houbraken ( 1698–1780 ) was an engraver of portraits and book illustrations , including books by his father . His daughter Antonina Houbraken also became an engraver for an Amsterdam publisher , and is known today for her embellishment of cityscapes and buildings with animals and people . His daughter Christina Houbraken was also an artist . Legacy . Arnold Houbrakens books sold quite well during the entire 18th century . Jacob Campo Weyerman published his updated version ( 1729–47 ) in serial form that was published as a complete set in 1769 . Houbrakens engravings of the artists are in some cases the only surviving portraits of these people . The first to make a published sequel to Houbrakens work was Johan van Gool in 1750–51 . Though these books published well , with changing fashions , during the course of the 19th century Houbraken fell out of favor with art historians , especially when his sketches were found wanting , incorrect , or even slanderous . Houbraken was very careful to check and double check his sources , and today many of his personal judgements still stand up to our modern scrutiny . Attacks of his judgement due to the spelling of artists names or accusations that he was nationalistic and deemed all of these artists as Netherlandish must be dismissed on the grounds that the various borders between the Netherlands , Germany , and Flanders were far from decided in the period during which he was writing , and spelling conventions in the Netherlands regarding names were only introduced by Napoleonic decree in the 1790s . Excepting those cases where the artist died quite young , or whose oeuvre was lost during various wars , very few artists were included in the Schouburg who do not hang in international museums today . The first modern art historian to publish an update of his work was Adriaan van der Willigen , in 1866 . Since then he has remained a valuable resource for art historians . The Schouburgh is part of the Basic Library of the dbnl ( Database of Dutch Literature ) which contains the 1000 most important works in Dutch literature from the Middle Ages to today . Public collections . - Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen , Rotterdam - Rijksmuseum Amsterdam Bibliography . - ( 1711 ) Aen den heere Jakob Zeeus , den Wolf in t schaepsvel ter drukpersse bestellende In : De wolf in t schaepsvel - ( 1712 ) Inhoud van t Sieraad der Afbeelding In : Des menschen begin , midden en einde - ( 1718 ) De groote schouburgh der Nederlantsche konstschilders en schilderessen ( The Great Theatre of Dutch Painters ) External links . - The Man behind the Painter - Schouburg in the Digitale Bibliotheek der Nederlandse Letteren ( DBNL , Digital library for Dutch literature ) - Schouburg on Google books ( Edition from 1721 ) |
[
"Amsterdam"
] | easy | Arnold Houbraken worked in which location from 1714 to 1719? | /wiki/Arnold_Houbraken#P937#2 | Arnold Houbraken Arnold Houbraken ( 28 March 1660 – 14 October 1719 ) was a Dutch painter and writer from Dordrecht , now remembered mainly as a biographer of Dutch Golden Age painters . Life . Houbraken was sent first to learn threadtwisting ( Twyndraat ) from Johannes de Haan , who introduced him to engraving . After two years he then studied art with Willem van Drielenburch , who he was with during the rampjaar , the year 1672 . He then studied 9 months with Jacobus Leveck and finally , four years with Samuel van Hoogstraten . In 1685 he married Sara Sasbout , and around 1709 he moved from Dordrecht to Amsterdam . Arnold Houbraken painted mythological and religious paintings , portraits and landscapes . He is best known for the art historical work The Great Theatre of Dutch Painters ( 1718–1721 ) . When he died his son Jacob assisted his mother with the last proofs of the manuscript before publishing . His first attempt at an instructive manual for artists was his Emblem book , Inhoud van t Sieraad der Afbeelding , which was meant as a guide of possible painting themes . His registered pupils were Matthijs Balen , Johan Graham , and his son Jacob . Family . Houbraken had ten children . His son Jacobus Houbraken ( 1698–1780 ) was an engraver of portraits and book illustrations , including books by his father . His daughter Antonina Houbraken also became an engraver for an Amsterdam publisher , and is known today for her embellishment of cityscapes and buildings with animals and people . His daughter Christina Houbraken was also an artist . Legacy . Arnold Houbrakens books sold quite well during the entire 18th century . Jacob Campo Weyerman published his updated version ( 1729–47 ) in serial form that was published as a complete set in 1769 . Houbrakens engravings of the artists are in some cases the only surviving portraits of these people . The first to make a published sequel to Houbrakens work was Johan van Gool in 1750–51 . Though these books published well , with changing fashions , during the course of the 19th century Houbraken fell out of favor with art historians , especially when his sketches were found wanting , incorrect , or even slanderous . Houbraken was very careful to check and double check his sources , and today many of his personal judgements still stand up to our modern scrutiny . Attacks of his judgement due to the spelling of artists names or accusations that he was nationalistic and deemed all of these artists as Netherlandish must be dismissed on the grounds that the various borders between the Netherlands , Germany , and Flanders were far from decided in the period during which he was writing , and spelling conventions in the Netherlands regarding names were only introduced by Napoleonic decree in the 1790s . Excepting those cases where the artist died quite young , or whose oeuvre was lost during various wars , very few artists were included in the Schouburg who do not hang in international museums today . The first modern art historian to publish an update of his work was Adriaan van der Willigen , in 1866 . Since then he has remained a valuable resource for art historians . The Schouburgh is part of the Basic Library of the dbnl ( Database of Dutch Literature ) which contains the 1000 most important works in Dutch literature from the Middle Ages to today . Public collections . - Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen , Rotterdam - Rijksmuseum Amsterdam Bibliography . - ( 1711 ) Aen den heere Jakob Zeeus , den Wolf in t schaepsvel ter drukpersse bestellende In : De wolf in t schaepsvel - ( 1712 ) Inhoud van t Sieraad der Afbeelding In : Des menschen begin , midden en einde - ( 1718 ) De groote schouburgh der Nederlantsche konstschilders en schilderessen ( The Great Theatre of Dutch Painters ) External links . - The Man behind the Painter - Schouburg in the Digitale Bibliotheek der Nederlandse Letteren ( DBNL , Digital library for Dutch literature ) - Schouburg on Google books ( Edition from 1721 ) |
[
""
] | easy | Who did François Sully work for from 1946 to 1947? | /wiki/François_Sully#P108#0 | François Sully François Sully ( 1927-1971 ) was a French journalist and photographer best known for his work during the Vietnam War . Sully was one of the earliest journalists to cover the Vietnam War and spent 24 years in Indochina . At the time of his death in a command helicopter crash near the Cambodian border , he was viewed as the dean of the Saigon press corps . Sully was born in 1927 or 1928 in France and fought against the Nazis in the French Resistance as a teenager and was wounded on his seventeenth birthday in Paris . After the liberation of Paris he enlisted in the French Army , fought the Nazis in Germany and then volunteered for the French Expeditionary Forces , arriving in Saigon when the Japanese surrendered in 1945 . Discharged in Saigon , Sully tried his hand as a tea planter and rancher before turning to journalism . In 1947 he joined Sud-Est Asiatique , a now defunct French magazine , working for them until 1953 . He was assigned to cover the battle of Dien Bien Phu by Time-Life . He escaped from behind the Viet Minh lines . In 1959 he joined United Press International ( UPI ) . He wrote articles for Time magazine and his photographs were carried by Black Star until he joined Newsweek in early 1961 . In March 1962 , Sully was to be expelled from South Vietnam by President Ngo Dinh Diem , egged on by Madame Nhu , as his reporting was deemed helpful to the enemy . Unofficially , Diem intended the expulsion to serve as a warning to all journalists reporting the failings of his U.S.-assisted war against the Viet Cong . The other journalist on the expulsion list was Homer Bigart of the New York Times . Diem backed down after the U.S . Mission explained that expulsion would only worsen an already bad relationship with the press . Five months later , however , in August 1962 , Sully was sent packing after some seventeen years in Indochina . The Newsweek issue of August 20 , 1962 carried a long article by Sully Viet Nam : The Unpleasant Truth . His expulsion became a major political affair between Saigon and Washington . Sully departed Saigon on September 9 , with most of the press corps at the airfield in a show of solidarity . After his expulsion Sully proceeded to Harvard where he put in a year at the Nieman Foundation and worked in bordering countries to Vietnam . He returned to the Newsweek bureau in Saigon after the November 1963 Coup and assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem . During his work as Newsweeks Saigon Bureau Chief , Sully also wrote for a number of other newsmagazines including The Nation and The New Republic . In 1967 and 1968 , Sully wrote articles for McGraw-Hills business-reporting service World News which distributed them to Business Week , Medical World News , Engineering News Record , and other publications . In addition to writing news stories and taking photographs , Sully wrote Age of the Guerrilla : The New Warfare ( New York : Parents Magazine Press , 1968 ; reprinted by Avon , 1970 ) and compiled and edited We the Vietnamese : Voices from Vietnam ( New York : Praeger , 1971 ) . Sully was the insiders insider amongst the press corps in Vietnam . His sources were numerous inside the Viet Minh and Viet Cong , inside the Palace in Saigon and at grassroots levels in every province in the North and South . He spoke several languages and was fluent in French , English , Vietnamese and Lao . Sully died in late February 1971 . On 23 February 1971 he was aboard the command helicopter of General Do Cao Tri ( the Patton of the Parrots Beak ) as it turned west towards Cambodia . The helicopter had lifted off from Tay Ninh airstrip and was heading towards a firebase just across the Vietnam-Cambodia border . As the helicopter was nearing its destination it burst in flames . Sully alone leaped from the burning craft and plunged to the ground , all others died in the crash . Sully died from injuries suffered in the fall at Long Binh hospital . Sully was buried in Mac Dinh Chi Cemetery in Saigon . He left his insurance policy of 18 million piasters ( equivalent to $45,000 at February , 1971 exchange rates ) to Vietnamese orphans . |
[
"United Press International"
] | easy | Which employer did François Sully work for from 1959 to 1961? | /wiki/François_Sully#P108#1 | François Sully François Sully ( 1927-1971 ) was a French journalist and photographer best known for his work during the Vietnam War . Sully was one of the earliest journalists to cover the Vietnam War and spent 24 years in Indochina . At the time of his death in a command helicopter crash near the Cambodian border , he was viewed as the dean of the Saigon press corps . Sully was born in 1927 or 1928 in France and fought against the Nazis in the French Resistance as a teenager and was wounded on his seventeenth birthday in Paris . After the liberation of Paris he enlisted in the French Army , fought the Nazis in Germany and then volunteered for the French Expeditionary Forces , arriving in Saigon when the Japanese surrendered in 1945 . Discharged in Saigon , Sully tried his hand as a tea planter and rancher before turning to journalism . In 1947 he joined Sud-Est Asiatique , a now defunct French magazine , working for them until 1953 . He was assigned to cover the battle of Dien Bien Phu by Time-Life . He escaped from behind the Viet Minh lines . In 1959 he joined United Press International ( UPI ) . He wrote articles for Time magazine and his photographs were carried by Black Star until he joined Newsweek in early 1961 . In March 1962 , Sully was to be expelled from South Vietnam by President Ngo Dinh Diem , egged on by Madame Nhu , as his reporting was deemed helpful to the enemy . Unofficially , Diem intended the expulsion to serve as a warning to all journalists reporting the failings of his U.S.-assisted war against the Viet Cong . The other journalist on the expulsion list was Homer Bigart of the New York Times . Diem backed down after the U.S . Mission explained that expulsion would only worsen an already bad relationship with the press . Five months later , however , in August 1962 , Sully was sent packing after some seventeen years in Indochina . The Newsweek issue of August 20 , 1962 carried a long article by Sully Viet Nam : The Unpleasant Truth . His expulsion became a major political affair between Saigon and Washington . Sully departed Saigon on September 9 , with most of the press corps at the airfield in a show of solidarity . After his expulsion Sully proceeded to Harvard where he put in a year at the Nieman Foundation and worked in bordering countries to Vietnam . He returned to the Newsweek bureau in Saigon after the November 1963 Coup and assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem . During his work as Newsweeks Saigon Bureau Chief , Sully also wrote for a number of other newsmagazines including The Nation and The New Republic . In 1967 and 1968 , Sully wrote articles for McGraw-Hills business-reporting service World News which distributed them to Business Week , Medical World News , Engineering News Record , and other publications . In addition to writing news stories and taking photographs , Sully wrote Age of the Guerrilla : The New Warfare ( New York : Parents Magazine Press , 1968 ; reprinted by Avon , 1970 ) and compiled and edited We the Vietnamese : Voices from Vietnam ( New York : Praeger , 1971 ) . Sully was the insiders insider amongst the press corps in Vietnam . His sources were numerous inside the Viet Minh and Viet Cong , inside the Palace in Saigon and at grassroots levels in every province in the North and South . He spoke several languages and was fluent in French , English , Vietnamese and Lao . Sully died in late February 1971 . On 23 February 1971 he was aboard the command helicopter of General Do Cao Tri ( the Patton of the Parrots Beak ) as it turned west towards Cambodia . The helicopter had lifted off from Tay Ninh airstrip and was heading towards a firebase just across the Vietnam-Cambodia border . As the helicopter was nearing its destination it burst in flames . Sully alone leaped from the burning craft and plunged to the ground , all others died in the crash . Sully died from injuries suffered in the fall at Long Binh hospital . Sully was buried in Mac Dinh Chi Cemetery in Saigon . He left his insurance policy of 18 million piasters ( equivalent to $45,000 at February , 1971 exchange rates ) to Vietnamese orphans . |
[
"Newsweek"
] | easy | François Sully was an employee for whom from 1961 to 1962? | /wiki/François_Sully#P108#2 | François Sully François Sully ( 1927-1971 ) was a French journalist and photographer best known for his work during the Vietnam War . Sully was one of the earliest journalists to cover the Vietnam War and spent 24 years in Indochina . At the time of his death in a command helicopter crash near the Cambodian border , he was viewed as the dean of the Saigon press corps . Sully was born in 1927 or 1928 in France and fought against the Nazis in the French Resistance as a teenager and was wounded on his seventeenth birthday in Paris . After the liberation of Paris he enlisted in the French Army , fought the Nazis in Germany and then volunteered for the French Expeditionary Forces , arriving in Saigon when the Japanese surrendered in 1945 . Discharged in Saigon , Sully tried his hand as a tea planter and rancher before turning to journalism . In 1947 he joined Sud-Est Asiatique , a now defunct French magazine , working for them until 1953 . He was assigned to cover the battle of Dien Bien Phu by Time-Life . He escaped from behind the Viet Minh lines . In 1959 he joined United Press International ( UPI ) . He wrote articles for Time magazine and his photographs were carried by Black Star until he joined Newsweek in early 1961 . In March 1962 , Sully was to be expelled from South Vietnam by President Ngo Dinh Diem , egged on by Madame Nhu , as his reporting was deemed helpful to the enemy . Unofficially , Diem intended the expulsion to serve as a warning to all journalists reporting the failings of his U.S.-assisted war against the Viet Cong . The other journalist on the expulsion list was Homer Bigart of the New York Times . Diem backed down after the U.S . Mission explained that expulsion would only worsen an already bad relationship with the press . Five months later , however , in August 1962 , Sully was sent packing after some seventeen years in Indochina . The Newsweek issue of August 20 , 1962 carried a long article by Sully Viet Nam : The Unpleasant Truth . His expulsion became a major political affair between Saigon and Washington . Sully departed Saigon on September 9 , with most of the press corps at the airfield in a show of solidarity . After his expulsion Sully proceeded to Harvard where he put in a year at the Nieman Foundation and worked in bordering countries to Vietnam . He returned to the Newsweek bureau in Saigon after the November 1963 Coup and assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem . During his work as Newsweeks Saigon Bureau Chief , Sully also wrote for a number of other newsmagazines including The Nation and The New Republic . In 1967 and 1968 , Sully wrote articles for McGraw-Hills business-reporting service World News which distributed them to Business Week , Medical World News , Engineering News Record , and other publications . In addition to writing news stories and taking photographs , Sully wrote Age of the Guerrilla : The New Warfare ( New York : Parents Magazine Press , 1968 ; reprinted by Avon , 1970 ) and compiled and edited We the Vietnamese : Voices from Vietnam ( New York : Praeger , 1971 ) . Sully was the insiders insider amongst the press corps in Vietnam . His sources were numerous inside the Viet Minh and Viet Cong , inside the Palace in Saigon and at grassroots levels in every province in the North and South . He spoke several languages and was fluent in French , English , Vietnamese and Lao . Sully died in late February 1971 . On 23 February 1971 he was aboard the command helicopter of General Do Cao Tri ( the Patton of the Parrots Beak ) as it turned west towards Cambodia . The helicopter had lifted off from Tay Ninh airstrip and was heading towards a firebase just across the Vietnam-Cambodia border . As the helicopter was nearing its destination it burst in flames . Sully alone leaped from the burning craft and plunged to the ground , all others died in the crash . Sully died from injuries suffered in the fall at Long Binh hospital . Sully was buried in Mac Dinh Chi Cemetery in Saigon . He left his insurance policy of 18 million piasters ( equivalent to $45,000 at February , 1971 exchange rates ) to Vietnamese orphans . |
[
"Formula Ford Festival"
] | easy | What sport did Brendon Hartley participate from 2003 to 2004? | /wiki/Brendon_Hartley#P641#0 | Brendon Hartley Brendon Hartley ( born 10 November 1989 ) is a New Zealand professional racing driver who is currently competing in the FIA World Endurance Championship with Toyota Gazoo Racing . He won the 2015 FIA World Endurance Championship , alongside his teammates Mark Webber and Timo Bernhard , and also went on to win the 2017 FIA World Endurance Championship alongside Bernhard and Earl Bamber . He won the 2017 24 Hours of Le Mans with Bamber and Bernhard and also the 2020 24 Hours of Le Mans with Sébastien Buemi and Kazuki Nakajima . He formerly competed in Formula One for Scuderia Toro Rosso , making his debut at the 2017 United States Grand Prix . Career . Hartley was born in Palmerston North in a family well integrated within motorsport . His father , Bryan , had raced in many forms of motorsport , including Formula Atlantic . At the age of six , Hartley began his motor racing career in kart racing , following in his brother Nelsons footsteps . Six years later , he competed in his first full-scale race championship , competing in the Formula First category . Hartley finished the season in seventh . In 2003 , he won that years New Zealand Formula Ford Festival which resulted in him getting a drive for the following years Formula Ford championship . In a car his brother had used the previous year , he started four races and won two of them . After a season in Formula Toyota New Zealand , Hartley moved to Europe , competing in the Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 and Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup ( NEC ) . He finished 14th and 10th in the Drivers Championship in the Eurocup and North European Cup respectively , taking a podium position at Anderstorp in the latter . In his second year in Formula Renault , he stayed in the Eurocup , but moved from the NEC to the Italian championship . He took three wins in the Eurocup and three podiums in the Italian championship , and took the championship title in the Eurocup . In 2007 Hartley also made his Formula Three debut in the Masters of Formula 3 at Zolder event , finishing 4th . This resulted in a test with A1 Team New Zealand and the role of the rookie driver for the series . In 2008 , he competed in the British Formula 3 Championship for Carlin Motorsport , winning five times , and eventually finished the championship in third . He also competed in eight races in the Formula Three Euroseries for Carlin and RC Motorsport , and achieved two finishes in the points , although he was ineligible for points . In non-championship races , Hartley finished fifth at the Masters of Formula 3 , and third at the Macau Grand Prix . After crashing in the qualification race , he started 20th on the grid and recorded the fastest race lap . He stayed with Carlin for the full F3 Euroseries in 2009 , finishing eleventh despite missing two rounds due to Formula Renault 3.5 Series commitments . In that series , Hartley competed for the defending champion Tech 1 Racing team , and ended fifteenth in the championship . He was signed at Tech 1 for a full season of Formula Renault 3.5 in 2010 , where he was partnered by Australian and fellow Red Bull Junior driver , Daniel Ricciardo . During the series summer break it was announced that Hartley had been dropped from the Red Bull Junior Team . His seat was taken by British Formula 3 championship leader Jean-Éric Vergne . Despite the loss of his Red Bull backing , Hartley made his GP2 Series début at Monza in September , replacing Vladimir Arabadzhiev at the Coloni team . He scored a point in the season finale at Yas Marina to place 27th in the championship . For 2011 , Hartley returned to Formula Renault 3.5 , driving alongside Jan Charouz for the Gravity–Charouz Racing team . He also returned to GP2 for the eighth round of the series at Spa-Francorchamps , replacing Kevin Mirocha and driving alongside Johnny Cecotto Jr . in the Ocean Racing Technology team , for whom he had tested before the start of the season . He finished in fifth place in his first race with the team , and 19th in the overall championship . Hartley began the 2012 season without a drive , but returned to Ocean for the second round of the championship in Bahrain in place of Jon Lancaster . After the two rounds in Bahrain , he was in turn replaced by Víctor Guerin . He finished 25th in the championship . With no suitable single-seater drives available , Hartley joined the Murphy Prototypes sportscar team , which was competing in the LMP2 class in the European Le Mans Series . Following the cancellation of the second round of the ELMS championship ( which would have been Hartleys début event ) and the series future in doubt , Murphy was one of several ELMS teams invited to compete as a guest entry in the 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps , a round of the more prestigious FIA World Endurance Championship . Driving the teams Oreca 03-Nissan , Hartley finished tenth overall and third in the LMP2 class with teammates Warren Hughes and Jody Firth . The trio teamed up again for the 24 Hours of Le Mans , but retired from the race after completing 196 laps of the circuit . In October 2017 , Hartley was offered a drive in Formula One by Toro Rosso for the United States Grand Prix which was held in Austin . Hartley replaced Pierre Gasly , who was absent contesting the Super Formula Championship final . It was Hartleys F1 debut where he became the ninth New Zealander to race in Formula One . In November 2018 , Hartley was released from the Toro Rosso team . In early May 2019 , Toyota Gazoo Racings WEC program announced that Hartley would be driving for the team for the full 2019/20 season , replacing the former occupant , Fernando Alonso . In August 2019 , Geox Dragon Racing announced they had contracted Hartley for the 2019/20 Formula E season . Formula One . Red Bull Racing ( 2008–2010 ) . In February 2008 , aged 18 , Hartley got his first taste of Formula One . He was invited to perform a show run for Red Bull Racing in Riyadh . From here he performed the initial three-day shake-down test for Scuderia Toro Rossos 2008 spec car , the STR3 . In November 2008 , it was announced he would be providing cover for Mark Webber , who had broken his leg in a cycling accident , by performing testing duties alongside permanent test driver Sébastien Buemi for Red Bull in the 2008 RB4 F1 car . For the season , Hartley was appointed as official reserve driver for both the Red Bull Racing and Scuderia Toro Rosso teams . However , unable to get his mandatory superlicence approved until April 2009 , he was replaced in this role by retired F1 driver David Coulthard for the first races in Melbourne and Sepang . Hartley made his debut as reserve and test driver at the Spanish Grand Prix on 8 May . He is the first New Zealander to achieve F1 driver status since Mike Thackwell in 1984 . He was replaced in the role by fellow Red Bull Junior driver Jaime Alguersuari for the second half of the season . However Hartley did not return to the reserve driver role with Red Bull and Toro Rosso following Jaime Alguersuaris promotion to a race seat , preferring to focus on his F3 and Renault World Series . David Coulthard again took over the role . For the season , Hartley was again appointed official reserve driver for both Red Bull Racing and Scuderia Toro Rosso . He shared the reserve driver duties with his Formula Renault 3.5 teammate , Australian Daniel Ricciardo . The two drivers shared the duties on a race-by-race basis until round six of the championship . Following this race , Hartleys support from Red Bull was dropped , based on the fact he had not won a race in his season and a half in the championship . On 13 September 2012 , he participated in the young driver test at Magny-Cours . He drove 87 laps for Mercedes on the final day , setting the third quickest time behind Jules Bianchi ( Ferrari ) and Rodolfo González ( Force India ) . Mercedes ( 2012–2013 ) . Hartley said that the simulator development work and the test drive with Mercedes would give him a new opportunity to get back into Formula One . Toro Rosso ( 2017–2018 ) . Hartley made his Formula One début for Toro Rosso at the 2017 United States Grand Prix , replacing Pierre Gasly , who was absent to take part in the final round of the Japanese Super Formula Championship ; he raced with the number 39 . He qualified in 17th position after being eliminated during Qualifying 1 , but started from 19th position due to engine penalties . He finished the race in 13th position , one lap down on race winner Lewis Hamilton . It was confirmed on 26 October that Hartley would remain a Toro Rosso driver for the remainder of the season , replacing Daniil Kvyat , and he chose 28 ( the same number previously used by Will Stevens in 2015 ) as his permanent race number . On 16 November 2017 Hartley was confirmed by Toro Rosso as a full-time driver alongside Pierre Gasly for the season . Hartley scored points at the Azerbaijan Grand Prix with tenth , German Grand Prix with tenth again and the United States Grand Prix with his highest finish in ninth . He finished the season in nineteenth place , four places and 25 points behind his teammate , albeit with two more non-finishes . On 26 November 2018 it was confirmed that Hartley would not continue with Toro Rosso for 2019 . He was replaced by Thai driver Alexander Albon . Ferrari ( 2019 ) . On 4 February 2019 , Scuderia Ferrari announced that Hartley would be one of their development drivers for the 2019 season , alongside former Manor and Sauber and current Formula E driver Pascal Wehrlein . Formula E . Following his exit from Formula One , Hartley reunited with Porsche for testing ahead of the manufacturers debut in the championship . In August 2019 , it was announced he would make his debut in the 2019–20 season with GEOX Dragon Racing , partnering Nico Müller . Hartley left the Dragon Racing team with immediate effect in July 2020 . Since then , he has been replaced by Sérgio Sette Câmara . Sports prototypes . European Le Mans Series . Hartley was signed to drive an Oreca 03 for Murphy Prototypes in the 2012 and 2013 European Le Mans Series as well as the 2012 and 2013 24 Hours of Le Mans races . This was also complemented with a drive in the Rolex Sports Car Series for Starworks Motorsport in the Daytona Prototype category in 2013 . He completed all but one round in that series due to a clash for the final round of the 2013 European Le Mans Series . FIA World Endurance Championship . Porsche announced Hartley as a factory driver of the Porsche 919 Hybrid in the FIA World Endurance Championship . Over the next four years , he won the 2015 and 2017 FIA World Endurance Championship . He also won the 2017 24 Hours of Le Mans and placed second in 2015 sharing the car with drivers including Timo Bernhard , former Formula One driver Mark Webber and fellow Kiwi Earl Bamber . After one year in Formula One , Hartley was back in 2019 1000 Miles of Sebring , replacing Jenson Button in SMP Racing . He finished the race on the podium , behind two Toyota TS050s . Weeks later , Toyota announced that he would be driving for the team for 2019/20 season replacing two-time Formula One world champion Fernando Alonso . WeatherTech SportsCar Championship . Hartley kept his ties with the American racing scene driving again for Starworks Motorsport in the 2014 and 2015 Daytona 24 Hours . In the 2016 Daytona 24 Hour he drove with Ford Chip Ganassi Racing . This tie saw him invited to drive for Chip Ganassis Indycar team in 2018 but he had to decline due to securing a drive in Formula One with Toro Rosso . The 2017 WeatherTech SportsCar Championship saw him do three rounds for Extreme Speed Motorsports driving a Nissan Onroak DPi culminating in a victory at the 2017 Petit Le Mans . Racing record . Career summary . Hartley was ineligible to score points. Complete Formula 3 Euro Series results . As Hartley was a guest driver , he was ineligible to score championship points . Complete Formula One results . Did not finish , but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance . Sportscars/GT results . Complete FIA World Endurance Championship results . As Hartley was a guest driver , he was ineligible to score points. WeatherTech SportsCar Championship . The No . 7 of Starworks Motorsport withdrew from the 12 Hours of Sebring before Practice . |
[
"Formula Toyota"
] | easy | What sport did Brendon Hartley participate from 2005 to 2006? | /wiki/Brendon_Hartley#P641#1 | Brendon Hartley Brendon Hartley ( born 10 November 1989 ) is a New Zealand professional racing driver who is currently competing in the FIA World Endurance Championship with Toyota Gazoo Racing . He won the 2015 FIA World Endurance Championship , alongside his teammates Mark Webber and Timo Bernhard , and also went on to win the 2017 FIA World Endurance Championship alongside Bernhard and Earl Bamber . He won the 2017 24 Hours of Le Mans with Bamber and Bernhard and also the 2020 24 Hours of Le Mans with Sébastien Buemi and Kazuki Nakajima . He formerly competed in Formula One for Scuderia Toro Rosso , making his debut at the 2017 United States Grand Prix . Career . Hartley was born in Palmerston North in a family well integrated within motorsport . His father , Bryan , had raced in many forms of motorsport , including Formula Atlantic . At the age of six , Hartley began his motor racing career in kart racing , following in his brother Nelsons footsteps . Six years later , he competed in his first full-scale race championship , competing in the Formula First category . Hartley finished the season in seventh . In 2003 , he won that years New Zealand Formula Ford Festival which resulted in him getting a drive for the following years Formula Ford championship . In a car his brother had used the previous year , he started four races and won two of them . After a season in Formula Toyota New Zealand , Hartley moved to Europe , competing in the Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 and Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup ( NEC ) . He finished 14th and 10th in the Drivers Championship in the Eurocup and North European Cup respectively , taking a podium position at Anderstorp in the latter . In his second year in Formula Renault , he stayed in the Eurocup , but moved from the NEC to the Italian championship . He took three wins in the Eurocup and three podiums in the Italian championship , and took the championship title in the Eurocup . In 2007 Hartley also made his Formula Three debut in the Masters of Formula 3 at Zolder event , finishing 4th . This resulted in a test with A1 Team New Zealand and the role of the rookie driver for the series . In 2008 , he competed in the British Formula 3 Championship for Carlin Motorsport , winning five times , and eventually finished the championship in third . He also competed in eight races in the Formula Three Euroseries for Carlin and RC Motorsport , and achieved two finishes in the points , although he was ineligible for points . In non-championship races , Hartley finished fifth at the Masters of Formula 3 , and third at the Macau Grand Prix . After crashing in the qualification race , he started 20th on the grid and recorded the fastest race lap . He stayed with Carlin for the full F3 Euroseries in 2009 , finishing eleventh despite missing two rounds due to Formula Renault 3.5 Series commitments . In that series , Hartley competed for the defending champion Tech 1 Racing team , and ended fifteenth in the championship . He was signed at Tech 1 for a full season of Formula Renault 3.5 in 2010 , where he was partnered by Australian and fellow Red Bull Junior driver , Daniel Ricciardo . During the series summer break it was announced that Hartley had been dropped from the Red Bull Junior Team . His seat was taken by British Formula 3 championship leader Jean-Éric Vergne . Despite the loss of his Red Bull backing , Hartley made his GP2 Series début at Monza in September , replacing Vladimir Arabadzhiev at the Coloni team . He scored a point in the season finale at Yas Marina to place 27th in the championship . For 2011 , Hartley returned to Formula Renault 3.5 , driving alongside Jan Charouz for the Gravity–Charouz Racing team . He also returned to GP2 for the eighth round of the series at Spa-Francorchamps , replacing Kevin Mirocha and driving alongside Johnny Cecotto Jr . in the Ocean Racing Technology team , for whom he had tested before the start of the season . He finished in fifth place in his first race with the team , and 19th in the overall championship . Hartley began the 2012 season without a drive , but returned to Ocean for the second round of the championship in Bahrain in place of Jon Lancaster . After the two rounds in Bahrain , he was in turn replaced by Víctor Guerin . He finished 25th in the championship . With no suitable single-seater drives available , Hartley joined the Murphy Prototypes sportscar team , which was competing in the LMP2 class in the European Le Mans Series . Following the cancellation of the second round of the ELMS championship ( which would have been Hartleys début event ) and the series future in doubt , Murphy was one of several ELMS teams invited to compete as a guest entry in the 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps , a round of the more prestigious FIA World Endurance Championship . Driving the teams Oreca 03-Nissan , Hartley finished tenth overall and third in the LMP2 class with teammates Warren Hughes and Jody Firth . The trio teamed up again for the 24 Hours of Le Mans , but retired from the race after completing 196 laps of the circuit . In October 2017 , Hartley was offered a drive in Formula One by Toro Rosso for the United States Grand Prix which was held in Austin . Hartley replaced Pierre Gasly , who was absent contesting the Super Formula Championship final . It was Hartleys F1 debut where he became the ninth New Zealander to race in Formula One . In November 2018 , Hartley was released from the Toro Rosso team . In early May 2019 , Toyota Gazoo Racings WEC program announced that Hartley would be driving for the team for the full 2019/20 season , replacing the former occupant , Fernando Alonso . In August 2019 , Geox Dragon Racing announced they had contracted Hartley for the 2019/20 Formula E season . Formula One . Red Bull Racing ( 2008–2010 ) . In February 2008 , aged 18 , Hartley got his first taste of Formula One . He was invited to perform a show run for Red Bull Racing in Riyadh . From here he performed the initial three-day shake-down test for Scuderia Toro Rossos 2008 spec car , the STR3 . In November 2008 , it was announced he would be providing cover for Mark Webber , who had broken his leg in a cycling accident , by performing testing duties alongside permanent test driver Sébastien Buemi for Red Bull in the 2008 RB4 F1 car . For the season , Hartley was appointed as official reserve driver for both the Red Bull Racing and Scuderia Toro Rosso teams . However , unable to get his mandatory superlicence approved until April 2009 , he was replaced in this role by retired F1 driver David Coulthard for the first races in Melbourne and Sepang . Hartley made his debut as reserve and test driver at the Spanish Grand Prix on 8 May . He is the first New Zealander to achieve F1 driver status since Mike Thackwell in 1984 . He was replaced in the role by fellow Red Bull Junior driver Jaime Alguersuari for the second half of the season . However Hartley did not return to the reserve driver role with Red Bull and Toro Rosso following Jaime Alguersuaris promotion to a race seat , preferring to focus on his F3 and Renault World Series . David Coulthard again took over the role . For the season , Hartley was again appointed official reserve driver for both Red Bull Racing and Scuderia Toro Rosso . He shared the reserve driver duties with his Formula Renault 3.5 teammate , Australian Daniel Ricciardo . The two drivers shared the duties on a race-by-race basis until round six of the championship . Following this race , Hartleys support from Red Bull was dropped , based on the fact he had not won a race in his season and a half in the championship . On 13 September 2012 , he participated in the young driver test at Magny-Cours . He drove 87 laps for Mercedes on the final day , setting the third quickest time behind Jules Bianchi ( Ferrari ) and Rodolfo González ( Force India ) . Mercedes ( 2012–2013 ) . Hartley said that the simulator development work and the test drive with Mercedes would give him a new opportunity to get back into Formula One . Toro Rosso ( 2017–2018 ) . Hartley made his Formula One début for Toro Rosso at the 2017 United States Grand Prix , replacing Pierre Gasly , who was absent to take part in the final round of the Japanese Super Formula Championship ; he raced with the number 39 . He qualified in 17th position after being eliminated during Qualifying 1 , but started from 19th position due to engine penalties . He finished the race in 13th position , one lap down on race winner Lewis Hamilton . It was confirmed on 26 October that Hartley would remain a Toro Rosso driver for the remainder of the season , replacing Daniil Kvyat , and he chose 28 ( the same number previously used by Will Stevens in 2015 ) as his permanent race number . On 16 November 2017 Hartley was confirmed by Toro Rosso as a full-time driver alongside Pierre Gasly for the season . Hartley scored points at the Azerbaijan Grand Prix with tenth , German Grand Prix with tenth again and the United States Grand Prix with his highest finish in ninth . He finished the season in nineteenth place , four places and 25 points behind his teammate , albeit with two more non-finishes . On 26 November 2018 it was confirmed that Hartley would not continue with Toro Rosso for 2019 . He was replaced by Thai driver Alexander Albon . Ferrari ( 2019 ) . On 4 February 2019 , Scuderia Ferrari announced that Hartley would be one of their development drivers for the 2019 season , alongside former Manor and Sauber and current Formula E driver Pascal Wehrlein . Formula E . Following his exit from Formula One , Hartley reunited with Porsche for testing ahead of the manufacturers debut in the championship . In August 2019 , it was announced he would make his debut in the 2019–20 season with GEOX Dragon Racing , partnering Nico Müller . Hartley left the Dragon Racing team with immediate effect in July 2020 . Since then , he has been replaced by Sérgio Sette Câmara . Sports prototypes . European Le Mans Series . Hartley was signed to drive an Oreca 03 for Murphy Prototypes in the 2012 and 2013 European Le Mans Series as well as the 2012 and 2013 24 Hours of Le Mans races . This was also complemented with a drive in the Rolex Sports Car Series for Starworks Motorsport in the Daytona Prototype category in 2013 . He completed all but one round in that series due to a clash for the final round of the 2013 European Le Mans Series . FIA World Endurance Championship . Porsche announced Hartley as a factory driver of the Porsche 919 Hybrid in the FIA World Endurance Championship . Over the next four years , he won the 2015 and 2017 FIA World Endurance Championship . He also won the 2017 24 Hours of Le Mans and placed second in 2015 sharing the car with drivers including Timo Bernhard , former Formula One driver Mark Webber and fellow Kiwi Earl Bamber . After one year in Formula One , Hartley was back in 2019 1000 Miles of Sebring , replacing Jenson Button in SMP Racing . He finished the race on the podium , behind two Toyota TS050s . Weeks later , Toyota announced that he would be driving for the team for 2019/20 season replacing two-time Formula One world champion Fernando Alonso . WeatherTech SportsCar Championship . Hartley kept his ties with the American racing scene driving again for Starworks Motorsport in the 2014 and 2015 Daytona 24 Hours . In the 2016 Daytona 24 Hour he drove with Ford Chip Ganassi Racing . This tie saw him invited to drive for Chip Ganassis Indycar team in 2018 but he had to decline due to securing a drive in Formula One with Toro Rosso . The 2017 WeatherTech SportsCar Championship saw him do three rounds for Extreme Speed Motorsports driving a Nissan Onroak DPi culminating in a victory at the 2017 Petit Le Mans . Racing record . Career summary . Hartley was ineligible to score points. Complete Formula 3 Euro Series results . As Hartley was a guest driver , he was ineligible to score championship points . Complete Formula One results . Did not finish , but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance . Sportscars/GT results . Complete FIA World Endurance Championship results . As Hartley was a guest driver , he was ineligible to score points. WeatherTech SportsCar Championship . The No . 7 of Starworks Motorsport withdrew from the 12 Hours of Sebring before Practice . |
[
"Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0",
"Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup ( NEC )",
"Masters of Formula 3"
] | easy | What sport did Brendon Hartley participate from 2006 to 2007? | /wiki/Brendon_Hartley#P641#2 | Brendon Hartley Brendon Hartley ( born 10 November 1989 ) is a New Zealand professional racing driver who is currently competing in the FIA World Endurance Championship with Toyota Gazoo Racing . He won the 2015 FIA World Endurance Championship , alongside his teammates Mark Webber and Timo Bernhard , and also went on to win the 2017 FIA World Endurance Championship alongside Bernhard and Earl Bamber . He won the 2017 24 Hours of Le Mans with Bamber and Bernhard and also the 2020 24 Hours of Le Mans with Sébastien Buemi and Kazuki Nakajima . He formerly competed in Formula One for Scuderia Toro Rosso , making his debut at the 2017 United States Grand Prix . Career . Hartley was born in Palmerston North in a family well integrated within motorsport . His father , Bryan , had raced in many forms of motorsport , including Formula Atlantic . At the age of six , Hartley began his motor racing career in kart racing , following in his brother Nelsons footsteps . Six years later , he competed in his first full-scale race championship , competing in the Formula First category . Hartley finished the season in seventh . In 2003 , he won that years New Zealand Formula Ford Festival which resulted in him getting a drive for the following years Formula Ford championship . In a car his brother had used the previous year , he started four races and won two of them . After a season in Formula Toyota New Zealand , Hartley moved to Europe , competing in the Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 and Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup ( NEC ) . He finished 14th and 10th in the Drivers Championship in the Eurocup and North European Cup respectively , taking a podium position at Anderstorp in the latter . In his second year in Formula Renault , he stayed in the Eurocup , but moved from the NEC to the Italian championship . He took three wins in the Eurocup and three podiums in the Italian championship , and took the championship title in the Eurocup . In 2007 Hartley also made his Formula Three debut in the Masters of Formula 3 at Zolder event , finishing 4th . This resulted in a test with A1 Team New Zealand and the role of the rookie driver for the series . In 2008 , he competed in the British Formula 3 Championship for Carlin Motorsport , winning five times , and eventually finished the championship in third . He also competed in eight races in the Formula Three Euroseries for Carlin and RC Motorsport , and achieved two finishes in the points , although he was ineligible for points . In non-championship races , Hartley finished fifth at the Masters of Formula 3 , and third at the Macau Grand Prix . After crashing in the qualification race , he started 20th on the grid and recorded the fastest race lap . He stayed with Carlin for the full F3 Euroseries in 2009 , finishing eleventh despite missing two rounds due to Formula Renault 3.5 Series commitments . In that series , Hartley competed for the defending champion Tech 1 Racing team , and ended fifteenth in the championship . He was signed at Tech 1 for a full season of Formula Renault 3.5 in 2010 , where he was partnered by Australian and fellow Red Bull Junior driver , Daniel Ricciardo . During the series summer break it was announced that Hartley had been dropped from the Red Bull Junior Team . His seat was taken by British Formula 3 championship leader Jean-Éric Vergne . Despite the loss of his Red Bull backing , Hartley made his GP2 Series début at Monza in September , replacing Vladimir Arabadzhiev at the Coloni team . He scored a point in the season finale at Yas Marina to place 27th in the championship . For 2011 , Hartley returned to Formula Renault 3.5 , driving alongside Jan Charouz for the Gravity–Charouz Racing team . He also returned to GP2 for the eighth round of the series at Spa-Francorchamps , replacing Kevin Mirocha and driving alongside Johnny Cecotto Jr . in the Ocean Racing Technology team , for whom he had tested before the start of the season . He finished in fifth place in his first race with the team , and 19th in the overall championship . Hartley began the 2012 season without a drive , but returned to Ocean for the second round of the championship in Bahrain in place of Jon Lancaster . After the two rounds in Bahrain , he was in turn replaced by Víctor Guerin . He finished 25th in the championship . With no suitable single-seater drives available , Hartley joined the Murphy Prototypes sportscar team , which was competing in the LMP2 class in the European Le Mans Series . Following the cancellation of the second round of the ELMS championship ( which would have been Hartleys début event ) and the series future in doubt , Murphy was one of several ELMS teams invited to compete as a guest entry in the 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps , a round of the more prestigious FIA World Endurance Championship . Driving the teams Oreca 03-Nissan , Hartley finished tenth overall and third in the LMP2 class with teammates Warren Hughes and Jody Firth . The trio teamed up again for the 24 Hours of Le Mans , but retired from the race after completing 196 laps of the circuit . In October 2017 , Hartley was offered a drive in Formula One by Toro Rosso for the United States Grand Prix which was held in Austin . Hartley replaced Pierre Gasly , who was absent contesting the Super Formula Championship final . It was Hartleys F1 debut where he became the ninth New Zealander to race in Formula One . In November 2018 , Hartley was released from the Toro Rosso team . In early May 2019 , Toyota Gazoo Racings WEC program announced that Hartley would be driving for the team for the full 2019/20 season , replacing the former occupant , Fernando Alonso . In August 2019 , Geox Dragon Racing announced they had contracted Hartley for the 2019/20 Formula E season . Formula One . Red Bull Racing ( 2008–2010 ) . In February 2008 , aged 18 , Hartley got his first taste of Formula One . He was invited to perform a show run for Red Bull Racing in Riyadh . From here he performed the initial three-day shake-down test for Scuderia Toro Rossos 2008 spec car , the STR3 . In November 2008 , it was announced he would be providing cover for Mark Webber , who had broken his leg in a cycling accident , by performing testing duties alongside permanent test driver Sébastien Buemi for Red Bull in the 2008 RB4 F1 car . For the season , Hartley was appointed as official reserve driver for both the Red Bull Racing and Scuderia Toro Rosso teams . However , unable to get his mandatory superlicence approved until April 2009 , he was replaced in this role by retired F1 driver David Coulthard for the first races in Melbourne and Sepang . Hartley made his debut as reserve and test driver at the Spanish Grand Prix on 8 May . He is the first New Zealander to achieve F1 driver status since Mike Thackwell in 1984 . He was replaced in the role by fellow Red Bull Junior driver Jaime Alguersuari for the second half of the season . However Hartley did not return to the reserve driver role with Red Bull and Toro Rosso following Jaime Alguersuaris promotion to a race seat , preferring to focus on his F3 and Renault World Series . David Coulthard again took over the role . For the season , Hartley was again appointed official reserve driver for both Red Bull Racing and Scuderia Toro Rosso . He shared the reserve driver duties with his Formula Renault 3.5 teammate , Australian Daniel Ricciardo . The two drivers shared the duties on a race-by-race basis until round six of the championship . Following this race , Hartleys support from Red Bull was dropped , based on the fact he had not won a race in his season and a half in the championship . On 13 September 2012 , he participated in the young driver test at Magny-Cours . He drove 87 laps for Mercedes on the final day , setting the third quickest time behind Jules Bianchi ( Ferrari ) and Rodolfo González ( Force India ) . Mercedes ( 2012–2013 ) . Hartley said that the simulator development work and the test drive with Mercedes would give him a new opportunity to get back into Formula One . Toro Rosso ( 2017–2018 ) . Hartley made his Formula One début for Toro Rosso at the 2017 United States Grand Prix , replacing Pierre Gasly , who was absent to take part in the final round of the Japanese Super Formula Championship ; he raced with the number 39 . He qualified in 17th position after being eliminated during Qualifying 1 , but started from 19th position due to engine penalties . He finished the race in 13th position , one lap down on race winner Lewis Hamilton . It was confirmed on 26 October that Hartley would remain a Toro Rosso driver for the remainder of the season , replacing Daniil Kvyat , and he chose 28 ( the same number previously used by Will Stevens in 2015 ) as his permanent race number . On 16 November 2017 Hartley was confirmed by Toro Rosso as a full-time driver alongside Pierre Gasly for the season . Hartley scored points at the Azerbaijan Grand Prix with tenth , German Grand Prix with tenth again and the United States Grand Prix with his highest finish in ninth . He finished the season in nineteenth place , four places and 25 points behind his teammate , albeit with two more non-finishes . On 26 November 2018 it was confirmed that Hartley would not continue with Toro Rosso for 2019 . He was replaced by Thai driver Alexander Albon . Ferrari ( 2019 ) . On 4 February 2019 , Scuderia Ferrari announced that Hartley would be one of their development drivers for the 2019 season , alongside former Manor and Sauber and current Formula E driver Pascal Wehrlein . Formula E . Following his exit from Formula One , Hartley reunited with Porsche for testing ahead of the manufacturers debut in the championship . In August 2019 , it was announced he would make his debut in the 2019–20 season with GEOX Dragon Racing , partnering Nico Müller . Hartley left the Dragon Racing team with immediate effect in July 2020 . Since then , he has been replaced by Sérgio Sette Câmara . Sports prototypes . European Le Mans Series . Hartley was signed to drive an Oreca 03 for Murphy Prototypes in the 2012 and 2013 European Le Mans Series as well as the 2012 and 2013 24 Hours of Le Mans races . This was also complemented with a drive in the Rolex Sports Car Series for Starworks Motorsport in the Daytona Prototype category in 2013 . He completed all but one round in that series due to a clash for the final round of the 2013 European Le Mans Series . FIA World Endurance Championship . Porsche announced Hartley as a factory driver of the Porsche 919 Hybrid in the FIA World Endurance Championship . Over the next four years , he won the 2015 and 2017 FIA World Endurance Championship . He also won the 2017 24 Hours of Le Mans and placed second in 2015 sharing the car with drivers including Timo Bernhard , former Formula One driver Mark Webber and fellow Kiwi Earl Bamber . After one year in Formula One , Hartley was back in 2019 1000 Miles of Sebring , replacing Jenson Button in SMP Racing . He finished the race on the podium , behind two Toyota TS050s . Weeks later , Toyota announced that he would be driving for the team for 2019/20 season replacing two-time Formula One world champion Fernando Alonso . WeatherTech SportsCar Championship . Hartley kept his ties with the American racing scene driving again for Starworks Motorsport in the 2014 and 2015 Daytona 24 Hours . In the 2016 Daytona 24 Hour he drove with Ford Chip Ganassi Racing . This tie saw him invited to drive for Chip Ganassis Indycar team in 2018 but he had to decline due to securing a drive in Formula One with Toro Rosso . The 2017 WeatherTech SportsCar Championship saw him do three rounds for Extreme Speed Motorsports driving a Nissan Onroak DPi culminating in a victory at the 2017 Petit Le Mans . Racing record . Career summary . Hartley was ineligible to score points. Complete Formula 3 Euro Series results . As Hartley was a guest driver , he was ineligible to score championship points . Complete Formula One results . Did not finish , but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance . Sportscars/GT results . Complete FIA World Endurance Championship results . As Hartley was a guest driver , he was ineligible to score points. WeatherTech SportsCar Championship . The No . 7 of Starworks Motorsport withdrew from the 12 Hours of Sebring before Practice . |
[
"British Formula 3 Championship"
] | easy | What sport did Brendon Hartley participate from 2008 to 2009? | /wiki/Brendon_Hartley#P641#3 | Brendon Hartley Brendon Hartley ( born 10 November 1989 ) is a New Zealand professional racing driver who is currently competing in the FIA World Endurance Championship with Toyota Gazoo Racing . He won the 2015 FIA World Endurance Championship , alongside his teammates Mark Webber and Timo Bernhard , and also went on to win the 2017 FIA World Endurance Championship alongside Bernhard and Earl Bamber . He won the 2017 24 Hours of Le Mans with Bamber and Bernhard and also the 2020 24 Hours of Le Mans with Sébastien Buemi and Kazuki Nakajima . He formerly competed in Formula One for Scuderia Toro Rosso , making his debut at the 2017 United States Grand Prix . Career . Hartley was born in Palmerston North in a family well integrated within motorsport . His father , Bryan , had raced in many forms of motorsport , including Formula Atlantic . At the age of six , Hartley began his motor racing career in kart racing , following in his brother Nelsons footsteps . Six years later , he competed in his first full-scale race championship , competing in the Formula First category . Hartley finished the season in seventh . In 2003 , he won that years New Zealand Formula Ford Festival which resulted in him getting a drive for the following years Formula Ford championship . In a car his brother had used the previous year , he started four races and won two of them . After a season in Formula Toyota New Zealand , Hartley moved to Europe , competing in the Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 and Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup ( NEC ) . He finished 14th and 10th in the Drivers Championship in the Eurocup and North European Cup respectively , taking a podium position at Anderstorp in the latter . In his second year in Formula Renault , he stayed in the Eurocup , but moved from the NEC to the Italian championship . He took three wins in the Eurocup and three podiums in the Italian championship , and took the championship title in the Eurocup . In 2007 Hartley also made his Formula Three debut in the Masters of Formula 3 at Zolder event , finishing 4th . This resulted in a test with A1 Team New Zealand and the role of the rookie driver for the series . In 2008 , he competed in the British Formula 3 Championship for Carlin Motorsport , winning five times , and eventually finished the championship in third . He also competed in eight races in the Formula Three Euroseries for Carlin and RC Motorsport , and achieved two finishes in the points , although he was ineligible for points . In non-championship races , Hartley finished fifth at the Masters of Formula 3 , and third at the Macau Grand Prix . After crashing in the qualification race , he started 20th on the grid and recorded the fastest race lap . He stayed with Carlin for the full F3 Euroseries in 2009 , finishing eleventh despite missing two rounds due to Formula Renault 3.5 Series commitments . In that series , Hartley competed for the defending champion Tech 1 Racing team , and ended fifteenth in the championship . He was signed at Tech 1 for a full season of Formula Renault 3.5 in 2010 , where he was partnered by Australian and fellow Red Bull Junior driver , Daniel Ricciardo . During the series summer break it was announced that Hartley had been dropped from the Red Bull Junior Team . His seat was taken by British Formula 3 championship leader Jean-Éric Vergne . Despite the loss of his Red Bull backing , Hartley made his GP2 Series début at Monza in September , replacing Vladimir Arabadzhiev at the Coloni team . He scored a point in the season finale at Yas Marina to place 27th in the championship . For 2011 , Hartley returned to Formula Renault 3.5 , driving alongside Jan Charouz for the Gravity–Charouz Racing team . He also returned to GP2 for the eighth round of the series at Spa-Francorchamps , replacing Kevin Mirocha and driving alongside Johnny Cecotto Jr . in the Ocean Racing Technology team , for whom he had tested before the start of the season . He finished in fifth place in his first race with the team , and 19th in the overall championship . Hartley began the 2012 season without a drive , but returned to Ocean for the second round of the championship in Bahrain in place of Jon Lancaster . After the two rounds in Bahrain , he was in turn replaced by Víctor Guerin . He finished 25th in the championship . With no suitable single-seater drives available , Hartley joined the Murphy Prototypes sportscar team , which was competing in the LMP2 class in the European Le Mans Series . Following the cancellation of the second round of the ELMS championship ( which would have been Hartleys début event ) and the series future in doubt , Murphy was one of several ELMS teams invited to compete as a guest entry in the 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps , a round of the more prestigious FIA World Endurance Championship . Driving the teams Oreca 03-Nissan , Hartley finished tenth overall and third in the LMP2 class with teammates Warren Hughes and Jody Firth . The trio teamed up again for the 24 Hours of Le Mans , but retired from the race after completing 196 laps of the circuit . In October 2017 , Hartley was offered a drive in Formula One by Toro Rosso for the United States Grand Prix which was held in Austin . Hartley replaced Pierre Gasly , who was absent contesting the Super Formula Championship final . It was Hartleys F1 debut where he became the ninth New Zealander to race in Formula One . In November 2018 , Hartley was released from the Toro Rosso team . In early May 2019 , Toyota Gazoo Racings WEC program announced that Hartley would be driving for the team for the full 2019/20 season , replacing the former occupant , Fernando Alonso . In August 2019 , Geox Dragon Racing announced they had contracted Hartley for the 2019/20 Formula E season . Formula One . Red Bull Racing ( 2008–2010 ) . In February 2008 , aged 18 , Hartley got his first taste of Formula One . He was invited to perform a show run for Red Bull Racing in Riyadh . From here he performed the initial three-day shake-down test for Scuderia Toro Rossos 2008 spec car , the STR3 . In November 2008 , it was announced he would be providing cover for Mark Webber , who had broken his leg in a cycling accident , by performing testing duties alongside permanent test driver Sébastien Buemi for Red Bull in the 2008 RB4 F1 car . For the season , Hartley was appointed as official reserve driver for both the Red Bull Racing and Scuderia Toro Rosso teams . However , unable to get his mandatory superlicence approved until April 2009 , he was replaced in this role by retired F1 driver David Coulthard for the first races in Melbourne and Sepang . Hartley made his debut as reserve and test driver at the Spanish Grand Prix on 8 May . He is the first New Zealander to achieve F1 driver status since Mike Thackwell in 1984 . He was replaced in the role by fellow Red Bull Junior driver Jaime Alguersuari for the second half of the season . However Hartley did not return to the reserve driver role with Red Bull and Toro Rosso following Jaime Alguersuaris promotion to a race seat , preferring to focus on his F3 and Renault World Series . David Coulthard again took over the role . For the season , Hartley was again appointed official reserve driver for both Red Bull Racing and Scuderia Toro Rosso . He shared the reserve driver duties with his Formula Renault 3.5 teammate , Australian Daniel Ricciardo . The two drivers shared the duties on a race-by-race basis until round six of the championship . Following this race , Hartleys support from Red Bull was dropped , based on the fact he had not won a race in his season and a half in the championship . On 13 September 2012 , he participated in the young driver test at Magny-Cours . He drove 87 laps for Mercedes on the final day , setting the third quickest time behind Jules Bianchi ( Ferrari ) and Rodolfo González ( Force India ) . Mercedes ( 2012–2013 ) . Hartley said that the simulator development work and the test drive with Mercedes would give him a new opportunity to get back into Formula One . Toro Rosso ( 2017–2018 ) . Hartley made his Formula One début for Toro Rosso at the 2017 United States Grand Prix , replacing Pierre Gasly , who was absent to take part in the final round of the Japanese Super Formula Championship ; he raced with the number 39 . He qualified in 17th position after being eliminated during Qualifying 1 , but started from 19th position due to engine penalties . He finished the race in 13th position , one lap down on race winner Lewis Hamilton . It was confirmed on 26 October that Hartley would remain a Toro Rosso driver for the remainder of the season , replacing Daniil Kvyat , and he chose 28 ( the same number previously used by Will Stevens in 2015 ) as his permanent race number . On 16 November 2017 Hartley was confirmed by Toro Rosso as a full-time driver alongside Pierre Gasly for the season . Hartley scored points at the Azerbaijan Grand Prix with tenth , German Grand Prix with tenth again and the United States Grand Prix with his highest finish in ninth . He finished the season in nineteenth place , four places and 25 points behind his teammate , albeit with two more non-finishes . On 26 November 2018 it was confirmed that Hartley would not continue with Toro Rosso for 2019 . He was replaced by Thai driver Alexander Albon . Ferrari ( 2019 ) . On 4 February 2019 , Scuderia Ferrari announced that Hartley would be one of their development drivers for the 2019 season , alongside former Manor and Sauber and current Formula E driver Pascal Wehrlein . Formula E . Following his exit from Formula One , Hartley reunited with Porsche for testing ahead of the manufacturers debut in the championship . In August 2019 , it was announced he would make his debut in the 2019–20 season with GEOX Dragon Racing , partnering Nico Müller . Hartley left the Dragon Racing team with immediate effect in July 2020 . Since then , he has been replaced by Sérgio Sette Câmara . Sports prototypes . European Le Mans Series . Hartley was signed to drive an Oreca 03 for Murphy Prototypes in the 2012 and 2013 European Le Mans Series as well as the 2012 and 2013 24 Hours of Le Mans races . This was also complemented with a drive in the Rolex Sports Car Series for Starworks Motorsport in the Daytona Prototype category in 2013 . He completed all but one round in that series due to a clash for the final round of the 2013 European Le Mans Series . FIA World Endurance Championship . Porsche announced Hartley as a factory driver of the Porsche 919 Hybrid in the FIA World Endurance Championship . Over the next four years , he won the 2015 and 2017 FIA World Endurance Championship . He also won the 2017 24 Hours of Le Mans and placed second in 2015 sharing the car with drivers including Timo Bernhard , former Formula One driver Mark Webber and fellow Kiwi Earl Bamber . After one year in Formula One , Hartley was back in 2019 1000 Miles of Sebring , replacing Jenson Button in SMP Racing . He finished the race on the podium , behind two Toyota TS050s . Weeks later , Toyota announced that he would be driving for the team for 2019/20 season replacing two-time Formula One world champion Fernando Alonso . WeatherTech SportsCar Championship . Hartley kept his ties with the American racing scene driving again for Starworks Motorsport in the 2014 and 2015 Daytona 24 Hours . In the 2016 Daytona 24 Hour he drove with Ford Chip Ganassi Racing . This tie saw him invited to drive for Chip Ganassis Indycar team in 2018 but he had to decline due to securing a drive in Formula One with Toro Rosso . The 2017 WeatherTech SportsCar Championship saw him do three rounds for Extreme Speed Motorsports driving a Nissan Onroak DPi culminating in a victory at the 2017 Petit Le Mans . Racing record . Career summary . Hartley was ineligible to score points. Complete Formula 3 Euro Series results . As Hartley was a guest driver , he was ineligible to score championship points . Complete Formula One results . Did not finish , but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance . Sportscars/GT results . Complete FIA World Endurance Championship results . As Hartley was a guest driver , he was ineligible to score points. WeatherTech SportsCar Championship . The No . 7 of Starworks Motorsport withdrew from the 12 Hours of Sebring before Practice . |
[
"F3 Euroseries",
"Formula Renault 3.5"
] | easy | What sport did Brendon Hartley participate from 2009 to 2011? | /wiki/Brendon_Hartley#P641#4 | Brendon Hartley Brendon Hartley ( born 10 November 1989 ) is a New Zealand professional racing driver who is currently competing in the FIA World Endurance Championship with Toyota Gazoo Racing . He won the 2015 FIA World Endurance Championship , alongside his teammates Mark Webber and Timo Bernhard , and also went on to win the 2017 FIA World Endurance Championship alongside Bernhard and Earl Bamber . He won the 2017 24 Hours of Le Mans with Bamber and Bernhard and also the 2020 24 Hours of Le Mans with Sébastien Buemi and Kazuki Nakajima . He formerly competed in Formula One for Scuderia Toro Rosso , making his debut at the 2017 United States Grand Prix . Career . Hartley was born in Palmerston North in a family well integrated within motorsport . His father , Bryan , had raced in many forms of motorsport , including Formula Atlantic . At the age of six , Hartley began his motor racing career in kart racing , following in his brother Nelsons footsteps . Six years later , he competed in his first full-scale race championship , competing in the Formula First category . Hartley finished the season in seventh . In 2003 , he won that years New Zealand Formula Ford Festival which resulted in him getting a drive for the following years Formula Ford championship . In a car his brother had used the previous year , he started four races and won two of them . After a season in Formula Toyota New Zealand , Hartley moved to Europe , competing in the Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 and Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup ( NEC ) . He finished 14th and 10th in the Drivers Championship in the Eurocup and North European Cup respectively , taking a podium position at Anderstorp in the latter . In his second year in Formula Renault , he stayed in the Eurocup , but moved from the NEC to the Italian championship . He took three wins in the Eurocup and three podiums in the Italian championship , and took the championship title in the Eurocup . In 2007 Hartley also made his Formula Three debut in the Masters of Formula 3 at Zolder event , finishing 4th . This resulted in a test with A1 Team New Zealand and the role of the rookie driver for the series . In 2008 , he competed in the British Formula 3 Championship for Carlin Motorsport , winning five times , and eventually finished the championship in third . He also competed in eight races in the Formula Three Euroseries for Carlin and RC Motorsport , and achieved two finishes in the points , although he was ineligible for points . In non-championship races , Hartley finished fifth at the Masters of Formula 3 , and third at the Macau Grand Prix . After crashing in the qualification race , he started 20th on the grid and recorded the fastest race lap . He stayed with Carlin for the full F3 Euroseries in 2009 , finishing eleventh despite missing two rounds due to Formula Renault 3.5 Series commitments . In that series , Hartley competed for the defending champion Tech 1 Racing team , and ended fifteenth in the championship . He was signed at Tech 1 for a full season of Formula Renault 3.5 in 2010 , where he was partnered by Australian and fellow Red Bull Junior driver , Daniel Ricciardo . During the series summer break it was announced that Hartley had been dropped from the Red Bull Junior Team . His seat was taken by British Formula 3 championship leader Jean-Éric Vergne . Despite the loss of his Red Bull backing , Hartley made his GP2 Series début at Monza in September , replacing Vladimir Arabadzhiev at the Coloni team . He scored a point in the season finale at Yas Marina to place 27th in the championship . For 2011 , Hartley returned to Formula Renault 3.5 , driving alongside Jan Charouz for the Gravity–Charouz Racing team . He also returned to GP2 for the eighth round of the series at Spa-Francorchamps , replacing Kevin Mirocha and driving alongside Johnny Cecotto Jr . in the Ocean Racing Technology team , for whom he had tested before the start of the season . He finished in fifth place in his first race with the team , and 19th in the overall championship . Hartley began the 2012 season without a drive , but returned to Ocean for the second round of the championship in Bahrain in place of Jon Lancaster . After the two rounds in Bahrain , he was in turn replaced by Víctor Guerin . He finished 25th in the championship . With no suitable single-seater drives available , Hartley joined the Murphy Prototypes sportscar team , which was competing in the LMP2 class in the European Le Mans Series . Following the cancellation of the second round of the ELMS championship ( which would have been Hartleys début event ) and the series future in doubt , Murphy was one of several ELMS teams invited to compete as a guest entry in the 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps , a round of the more prestigious FIA World Endurance Championship . Driving the teams Oreca 03-Nissan , Hartley finished tenth overall and third in the LMP2 class with teammates Warren Hughes and Jody Firth . The trio teamed up again for the 24 Hours of Le Mans , but retired from the race after completing 196 laps of the circuit . In October 2017 , Hartley was offered a drive in Formula One by Toro Rosso for the United States Grand Prix which was held in Austin . Hartley replaced Pierre Gasly , who was absent contesting the Super Formula Championship final . It was Hartleys F1 debut where he became the ninth New Zealander to race in Formula One . In November 2018 , Hartley was released from the Toro Rosso team . In early May 2019 , Toyota Gazoo Racings WEC program announced that Hartley would be driving for the team for the full 2019/20 season , replacing the former occupant , Fernando Alonso . In August 2019 , Geox Dragon Racing announced they had contracted Hartley for the 2019/20 Formula E season . Formula One . Red Bull Racing ( 2008–2010 ) . In February 2008 , aged 18 , Hartley got his first taste of Formula One . He was invited to perform a show run for Red Bull Racing in Riyadh . From here he performed the initial three-day shake-down test for Scuderia Toro Rossos 2008 spec car , the STR3 . In November 2008 , it was announced he would be providing cover for Mark Webber , who had broken his leg in a cycling accident , by performing testing duties alongside permanent test driver Sébastien Buemi for Red Bull in the 2008 RB4 F1 car . For the season , Hartley was appointed as official reserve driver for both the Red Bull Racing and Scuderia Toro Rosso teams . However , unable to get his mandatory superlicence approved until April 2009 , he was replaced in this role by retired F1 driver David Coulthard for the first races in Melbourne and Sepang . Hartley made his debut as reserve and test driver at the Spanish Grand Prix on 8 May . He is the first New Zealander to achieve F1 driver status since Mike Thackwell in 1984 . He was replaced in the role by fellow Red Bull Junior driver Jaime Alguersuari for the second half of the season . However Hartley did not return to the reserve driver role with Red Bull and Toro Rosso following Jaime Alguersuaris promotion to a race seat , preferring to focus on his F3 and Renault World Series . David Coulthard again took over the role . For the season , Hartley was again appointed official reserve driver for both Red Bull Racing and Scuderia Toro Rosso . He shared the reserve driver duties with his Formula Renault 3.5 teammate , Australian Daniel Ricciardo . The two drivers shared the duties on a race-by-race basis until round six of the championship . Following this race , Hartleys support from Red Bull was dropped , based on the fact he had not won a race in his season and a half in the championship . On 13 September 2012 , he participated in the young driver test at Magny-Cours . He drove 87 laps for Mercedes on the final day , setting the third quickest time behind Jules Bianchi ( Ferrari ) and Rodolfo González ( Force India ) . Mercedes ( 2012–2013 ) . Hartley said that the simulator development work and the test drive with Mercedes would give him a new opportunity to get back into Formula One . Toro Rosso ( 2017–2018 ) . Hartley made his Formula One début for Toro Rosso at the 2017 United States Grand Prix , replacing Pierre Gasly , who was absent to take part in the final round of the Japanese Super Formula Championship ; he raced with the number 39 . He qualified in 17th position after being eliminated during Qualifying 1 , but started from 19th position due to engine penalties . He finished the race in 13th position , one lap down on race winner Lewis Hamilton . It was confirmed on 26 October that Hartley would remain a Toro Rosso driver for the remainder of the season , replacing Daniil Kvyat , and he chose 28 ( the same number previously used by Will Stevens in 2015 ) as his permanent race number . On 16 November 2017 Hartley was confirmed by Toro Rosso as a full-time driver alongside Pierre Gasly for the season . Hartley scored points at the Azerbaijan Grand Prix with tenth , German Grand Prix with tenth again and the United States Grand Prix with his highest finish in ninth . He finished the season in nineteenth place , four places and 25 points behind his teammate , albeit with two more non-finishes . On 26 November 2018 it was confirmed that Hartley would not continue with Toro Rosso for 2019 . He was replaced by Thai driver Alexander Albon . Ferrari ( 2019 ) . On 4 February 2019 , Scuderia Ferrari announced that Hartley would be one of their development drivers for the 2019 season , alongside former Manor and Sauber and current Formula E driver Pascal Wehrlein . Formula E . Following his exit from Formula One , Hartley reunited with Porsche for testing ahead of the manufacturers debut in the championship . In August 2019 , it was announced he would make his debut in the 2019–20 season with GEOX Dragon Racing , partnering Nico Müller . Hartley left the Dragon Racing team with immediate effect in July 2020 . Since then , he has been replaced by Sérgio Sette Câmara . Sports prototypes . European Le Mans Series . Hartley was signed to drive an Oreca 03 for Murphy Prototypes in the 2012 and 2013 European Le Mans Series as well as the 2012 and 2013 24 Hours of Le Mans races . This was also complemented with a drive in the Rolex Sports Car Series for Starworks Motorsport in the Daytona Prototype category in 2013 . He completed all but one round in that series due to a clash for the final round of the 2013 European Le Mans Series . FIA World Endurance Championship . Porsche announced Hartley as a factory driver of the Porsche 919 Hybrid in the FIA World Endurance Championship . Over the next four years , he won the 2015 and 2017 FIA World Endurance Championship . He also won the 2017 24 Hours of Le Mans and placed second in 2015 sharing the car with drivers including Timo Bernhard , former Formula One driver Mark Webber and fellow Kiwi Earl Bamber . After one year in Formula One , Hartley was back in 2019 1000 Miles of Sebring , replacing Jenson Button in SMP Racing . He finished the race on the podium , behind two Toyota TS050s . Weeks later , Toyota announced that he would be driving for the team for 2019/20 season replacing two-time Formula One world champion Fernando Alonso . WeatherTech SportsCar Championship . Hartley kept his ties with the American racing scene driving again for Starworks Motorsport in the 2014 and 2015 Daytona 24 Hours . In the 2016 Daytona 24 Hour he drove with Ford Chip Ganassi Racing . This tie saw him invited to drive for Chip Ganassis Indycar team in 2018 but he had to decline due to securing a drive in Formula One with Toro Rosso . The 2017 WeatherTech SportsCar Championship saw him do three rounds for Extreme Speed Motorsports driving a Nissan Onroak DPi culminating in a victory at the 2017 Petit Le Mans . Racing record . Career summary . Hartley was ineligible to score points. Complete Formula 3 Euro Series results . As Hartley was a guest driver , he was ineligible to score championship points . Complete Formula One results . Did not finish , but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance . Sportscars/GT results . Complete FIA World Endurance Championship results . As Hartley was a guest driver , he was ineligible to score points. WeatherTech SportsCar Championship . The No . 7 of Starworks Motorsport withdrew from the 12 Hours of Sebring before Practice . |
[
"Formula One"
] | easy | What sport did Brendon Hartley participate from 2017 to 2018? | /wiki/Brendon_Hartley#P641#5 | Brendon Hartley Brendon Hartley ( born 10 November 1989 ) is a New Zealand professional racing driver who is currently competing in the FIA World Endurance Championship with Toyota Gazoo Racing . He won the 2015 FIA World Endurance Championship , alongside his teammates Mark Webber and Timo Bernhard , and also went on to win the 2017 FIA World Endurance Championship alongside Bernhard and Earl Bamber . He won the 2017 24 Hours of Le Mans with Bamber and Bernhard and also the 2020 24 Hours of Le Mans with Sébastien Buemi and Kazuki Nakajima . He formerly competed in Formula One for Scuderia Toro Rosso , making his debut at the 2017 United States Grand Prix . Career . Hartley was born in Palmerston North in a family well integrated within motorsport . His father , Bryan , had raced in many forms of motorsport , including Formula Atlantic . At the age of six , Hartley began his motor racing career in kart racing , following in his brother Nelsons footsteps . Six years later , he competed in his first full-scale race championship , competing in the Formula First category . Hartley finished the season in seventh . In 2003 , he won that years New Zealand Formula Ford Festival which resulted in him getting a drive for the following years Formula Ford championship . In a car his brother had used the previous year , he started four races and won two of them . After a season in Formula Toyota New Zealand , Hartley moved to Europe , competing in the Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 and Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup ( NEC ) . He finished 14th and 10th in the Drivers Championship in the Eurocup and North European Cup respectively , taking a podium position at Anderstorp in the latter . In his second year in Formula Renault , he stayed in the Eurocup , but moved from the NEC to the Italian championship . He took three wins in the Eurocup and three podiums in the Italian championship , and took the championship title in the Eurocup . In 2007 Hartley also made his Formula Three debut in the Masters of Formula 3 at Zolder event , finishing 4th . This resulted in a test with A1 Team New Zealand and the role of the rookie driver for the series . In 2008 , he competed in the British Formula 3 Championship for Carlin Motorsport , winning five times , and eventually finished the championship in third . He also competed in eight races in the Formula Three Euroseries for Carlin and RC Motorsport , and achieved two finishes in the points , although he was ineligible for points . In non-championship races , Hartley finished fifth at the Masters of Formula 3 , and third at the Macau Grand Prix . After crashing in the qualification race , he started 20th on the grid and recorded the fastest race lap . He stayed with Carlin for the full F3 Euroseries in 2009 , finishing eleventh despite missing two rounds due to Formula Renault 3.5 Series commitments . In that series , Hartley competed for the defending champion Tech 1 Racing team , and ended fifteenth in the championship . He was signed at Tech 1 for a full season of Formula Renault 3.5 in 2010 , where he was partnered by Australian and fellow Red Bull Junior driver , Daniel Ricciardo . During the series summer break it was announced that Hartley had been dropped from the Red Bull Junior Team . His seat was taken by British Formula 3 championship leader Jean-Éric Vergne . Despite the loss of his Red Bull backing , Hartley made his GP2 Series début at Monza in September , replacing Vladimir Arabadzhiev at the Coloni team . He scored a point in the season finale at Yas Marina to place 27th in the championship . For 2011 , Hartley returned to Formula Renault 3.5 , driving alongside Jan Charouz for the Gravity–Charouz Racing team . He also returned to GP2 for the eighth round of the series at Spa-Francorchamps , replacing Kevin Mirocha and driving alongside Johnny Cecotto Jr . in the Ocean Racing Technology team , for whom he had tested before the start of the season . He finished in fifth place in his first race with the team , and 19th in the overall championship . Hartley began the 2012 season without a drive , but returned to Ocean for the second round of the championship in Bahrain in place of Jon Lancaster . After the two rounds in Bahrain , he was in turn replaced by Víctor Guerin . He finished 25th in the championship . With no suitable single-seater drives available , Hartley joined the Murphy Prototypes sportscar team , which was competing in the LMP2 class in the European Le Mans Series . Following the cancellation of the second round of the ELMS championship ( which would have been Hartleys début event ) and the series future in doubt , Murphy was one of several ELMS teams invited to compete as a guest entry in the 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps , a round of the more prestigious FIA World Endurance Championship . Driving the teams Oreca 03-Nissan , Hartley finished tenth overall and third in the LMP2 class with teammates Warren Hughes and Jody Firth . The trio teamed up again for the 24 Hours of Le Mans , but retired from the race after completing 196 laps of the circuit . In October 2017 , Hartley was offered a drive in Formula One by Toro Rosso for the United States Grand Prix which was held in Austin . Hartley replaced Pierre Gasly , who was absent contesting the Super Formula Championship final . It was Hartleys F1 debut where he became the ninth New Zealander to race in Formula One . In November 2018 , Hartley was released from the Toro Rosso team . In early May 2019 , Toyota Gazoo Racings WEC program announced that Hartley would be driving for the team for the full 2019/20 season , replacing the former occupant , Fernando Alonso . In August 2019 , Geox Dragon Racing announced they had contracted Hartley for the 2019/20 Formula E season . Formula One . Red Bull Racing ( 2008–2010 ) . In February 2008 , aged 18 , Hartley got his first taste of Formula One . He was invited to perform a show run for Red Bull Racing in Riyadh . From here he performed the initial three-day shake-down test for Scuderia Toro Rossos 2008 spec car , the STR3 . In November 2008 , it was announced he would be providing cover for Mark Webber , who had broken his leg in a cycling accident , by performing testing duties alongside permanent test driver Sébastien Buemi for Red Bull in the 2008 RB4 F1 car . For the season , Hartley was appointed as official reserve driver for both the Red Bull Racing and Scuderia Toro Rosso teams . However , unable to get his mandatory superlicence approved until April 2009 , he was replaced in this role by retired F1 driver David Coulthard for the first races in Melbourne and Sepang . Hartley made his debut as reserve and test driver at the Spanish Grand Prix on 8 May . He is the first New Zealander to achieve F1 driver status since Mike Thackwell in 1984 . He was replaced in the role by fellow Red Bull Junior driver Jaime Alguersuari for the second half of the season . However Hartley did not return to the reserve driver role with Red Bull and Toro Rosso following Jaime Alguersuaris promotion to a race seat , preferring to focus on his F3 and Renault World Series . David Coulthard again took over the role . For the season , Hartley was again appointed official reserve driver for both Red Bull Racing and Scuderia Toro Rosso . He shared the reserve driver duties with his Formula Renault 3.5 teammate , Australian Daniel Ricciardo . The two drivers shared the duties on a race-by-race basis until round six of the championship . Following this race , Hartleys support from Red Bull was dropped , based on the fact he had not won a race in his season and a half in the championship . On 13 September 2012 , he participated in the young driver test at Magny-Cours . He drove 87 laps for Mercedes on the final day , setting the third quickest time behind Jules Bianchi ( Ferrari ) and Rodolfo González ( Force India ) . Mercedes ( 2012–2013 ) . Hartley said that the simulator development work and the test drive with Mercedes would give him a new opportunity to get back into Formula One . Toro Rosso ( 2017–2018 ) . Hartley made his Formula One début for Toro Rosso at the 2017 United States Grand Prix , replacing Pierre Gasly , who was absent to take part in the final round of the Japanese Super Formula Championship ; he raced with the number 39 . He qualified in 17th position after being eliminated during Qualifying 1 , but started from 19th position due to engine penalties . He finished the race in 13th position , one lap down on race winner Lewis Hamilton . It was confirmed on 26 October that Hartley would remain a Toro Rosso driver for the remainder of the season , replacing Daniil Kvyat , and he chose 28 ( the same number previously used by Will Stevens in 2015 ) as his permanent race number . On 16 November 2017 Hartley was confirmed by Toro Rosso as a full-time driver alongside Pierre Gasly for the season . Hartley scored points at the Azerbaijan Grand Prix with tenth , German Grand Prix with tenth again and the United States Grand Prix with his highest finish in ninth . He finished the season in nineteenth place , four places and 25 points behind his teammate , albeit with two more non-finishes . On 26 November 2018 it was confirmed that Hartley would not continue with Toro Rosso for 2019 . He was replaced by Thai driver Alexander Albon . Ferrari ( 2019 ) . On 4 February 2019 , Scuderia Ferrari announced that Hartley would be one of their development drivers for the 2019 season , alongside former Manor and Sauber and current Formula E driver Pascal Wehrlein . Formula E . Following his exit from Formula One , Hartley reunited with Porsche for testing ahead of the manufacturers debut in the championship . In August 2019 , it was announced he would make his debut in the 2019–20 season with GEOX Dragon Racing , partnering Nico Müller . Hartley left the Dragon Racing team with immediate effect in July 2020 . Since then , he has been replaced by Sérgio Sette Câmara . Sports prototypes . European Le Mans Series . Hartley was signed to drive an Oreca 03 for Murphy Prototypes in the 2012 and 2013 European Le Mans Series as well as the 2012 and 2013 24 Hours of Le Mans races . This was also complemented with a drive in the Rolex Sports Car Series for Starworks Motorsport in the Daytona Prototype category in 2013 . He completed all but one round in that series due to a clash for the final round of the 2013 European Le Mans Series . FIA World Endurance Championship . Porsche announced Hartley as a factory driver of the Porsche 919 Hybrid in the FIA World Endurance Championship . Over the next four years , he won the 2015 and 2017 FIA World Endurance Championship . He also won the 2017 24 Hours of Le Mans and placed second in 2015 sharing the car with drivers including Timo Bernhard , former Formula One driver Mark Webber and fellow Kiwi Earl Bamber . After one year in Formula One , Hartley was back in 2019 1000 Miles of Sebring , replacing Jenson Button in SMP Racing . He finished the race on the podium , behind two Toyota TS050s . Weeks later , Toyota announced that he would be driving for the team for 2019/20 season replacing two-time Formula One world champion Fernando Alonso . WeatherTech SportsCar Championship . Hartley kept his ties with the American racing scene driving again for Starworks Motorsport in the 2014 and 2015 Daytona 24 Hours . In the 2016 Daytona 24 Hour he drove with Ford Chip Ganassi Racing . This tie saw him invited to drive for Chip Ganassis Indycar team in 2018 but he had to decline due to securing a drive in Formula One with Toro Rosso . The 2017 WeatherTech SportsCar Championship saw him do three rounds for Extreme Speed Motorsports driving a Nissan Onroak DPi culminating in a victory at the 2017 Petit Le Mans . Racing record . Career summary . Hartley was ineligible to score points. Complete Formula 3 Euro Series results . As Hartley was a guest driver , he was ineligible to score championship points . Complete Formula One results . Did not finish , but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance . Sportscars/GT results . Complete FIA World Endurance Championship results . As Hartley was a guest driver , he was ineligible to score points. WeatherTech SportsCar Championship . The No . 7 of Starworks Motorsport withdrew from the 12 Hours of Sebring before Practice . |
[
"Captain First Rank M.P"
] | easy | What military rank did Pavel Nakhimov have from Dec 1827 to 1852? | /wiki/Pavel_Nakhimov#P410#0 | Pavel Nakhimov Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov ( , ) ( – ) , one of the most famous admirals in Russian naval history , is best remembered as the commander of naval and land forces during the Siege of Sevastopol ( 1854-1855 ) during the Crimean War . Biography . Born in the village of ( district ) of Smolensk Governorate into a noble Russian family . He was the seventh of eleven children of a landlord , a second major Stepan Mikhailovich Nakhimov and his wife Feodosia Ivanovna Nakhimova ( née Kozlovskaya ) . Six of his siblings died as infants ; all of his four brothers also became professional seamen , including vice admiral ( 1805—1872 ) . In 1817 he entered the Naval Academy for the Nobility ( Morskoy Dvoryanskiy Korpus ) in Saint Petersburg . He made his first sea voyage in 1817 , aboard the frigate Feniks ( Phoenix ) , to the shores of Sweden and Denmark . Soon afterwards he was promoted to the rank of non-commissioned officer . In February 1818 he passed examinations to become a midshipman and was immediately assigned to the second Fleet Crew ( Flotskiy Ekipazh ) of the Russian Imperial Navys Baltic Fleet . At the beginning of his naval career , Nakhimovs experience was limited to voyages in the Baltic Sea and to a more extensive trip from the White Sea port of Arkhangelsk to Kronstadt naval base near Saint Petersburg . His lucky break came in March 1822 , when he was assigned to the frigate Kreiser ( Cruiser ) ; the vessel took part in a round-the-globe expedition commanded by the well-known Russian explorer Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev ( 1788-1851 ) , who had already undertaken several such voyages . During the three-year voyage , Nakhimov was promoted to the rank of lieutenant . On conclusion of this adventure , he received his first award , the Order of Saint Vladimir IV degree . He returned to his native Smolensk and was assigned to the 74-gun warship Azov , which made its maiden voyage from Arkhangelsk to Kronstadt in the autumn of 1826 . In the summer of 1827 , Azov sailed to the Mediterranean as flagship of the Russian squadron under the command of Rear-Admiral Lodewijk van Heiden for a joint expedition with the French and British navies against the Ottomans . Just before its departure , Emperor Nicholas I visited the Azov and ordered that in the case of hostilities , the crew should deal with the enemy as the Russians do . Azov , under then-Captain First Rank M.P . Lazarev , distinguished itself most prominently in the Battle of Navarino ( 20 October 1827 ) , during which the allied British-French-Russian fleet totally destroyed the Ottoman squadron . For his outstanding gunnery performance during the battle , the 27-year-old Nakhimov was promoted to the captaincy of a trophy ship and was decorated by the allied governments . During the Crimean War of 1853-1856 Nakhimov distinguished himself by annihilating the Ottoman fleet at Sinope in 1853 . His finest hour came during the siege of Sevastopol , where he and Admiral V . A . Kornilov organized from scratch the land defense of the city and its port , the home base of the Russian Black Sea Fleet . As the commander of the port and the military governor of the city , Nakhimov became in fact the head of the Sevastopol naval and land defense forces . On , while inspecting the forward-defense positions on Malakhov Kurgan , he was fatally wounded by a sniper ; he died two days later . Nakhimov was buried inside St Vladimirs Cathedral in Sevastopol along with Mikhail Lazarev , V.A . Kornilov and Vladimir Istomin . There is a monument erected in his memory . The Soviet government instituted posthumous honors as well , introducing Nakhimov Naval Schools for teenagers in 1943 , and establishing in 1944 both the Order of Nakhimov ( with two degrees ) and the Nakhimov Medal for Navy personnel . The Order of Nakhimov , one of the highest military decorations in the Soviet Union , continues in the Russian Federation . Ships named after Nakhimov . - Admiral Nakhimov , a Russian armoured cruiser . - Original name of Chervona Ukraina , a . - Admiral Nakhimov , a . - , a Soviet passenger liner . - Admiral Nakhimov , a Kresta II-class cruiser . - Admiral Nakhimov ( formerly Kalinin ) , a Honours and awards . - Order of St . Vladimir , 4th class ( 1825 ; the voyage on the frigate Cruiser ) - Order of Saint George , 4th class ( 1827 ; for service in the Battle of Navarino - Order of St . Anna , 2nd class ( 1830 ) - Order of St . Anna , 2nd class with the Imperial Crown ( 1837 ; for diligent and zealous excellent service ) - Order of St . Vladimir , 3rd class ( 1842 ; for diligent and zealous excellent service ) - Badge of distinction For impeccable service XXV years . ( 1846 ) - Order of St . Stanislaus , 1st class ( 1847 ) - Order of St . Anna , 1st class ( 1849 ) - Order of St . Anna , 1st class with the Imperial Crown ( 1851 ) - Order of St . Vladimir , 2nd class ( 1853 ; For the successful transfer of 13th Division ) - Order of Saint George , 2nd class ( 1853 ; For the victory at Sinope ) - Order of the White Eagle ( Russia ) , ( 1855 ; For actions in the defence of Sevastopol ) - Order of the Bath ( United Kingdom ) - Order of the Redeemer ( Greece ) References . - Naval commanders in the history of the Russian maritime |
[
"military governor"
] | easy | What was the military rank of Pavel Nakhimov from 1852 to 1853? | /wiki/Pavel_Nakhimov#P410#1 | Pavel Nakhimov Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov ( , ) ( – ) , one of the most famous admirals in Russian naval history , is best remembered as the commander of naval and land forces during the Siege of Sevastopol ( 1854-1855 ) during the Crimean War . Biography . Born in the village of ( district ) of Smolensk Governorate into a noble Russian family . He was the seventh of eleven children of a landlord , a second major Stepan Mikhailovich Nakhimov and his wife Feodosia Ivanovna Nakhimova ( née Kozlovskaya ) . Six of his siblings died as infants ; all of his four brothers also became professional seamen , including vice admiral ( 1805—1872 ) . In 1817 he entered the Naval Academy for the Nobility ( Morskoy Dvoryanskiy Korpus ) in Saint Petersburg . He made his first sea voyage in 1817 , aboard the frigate Feniks ( Phoenix ) , to the shores of Sweden and Denmark . Soon afterwards he was promoted to the rank of non-commissioned officer . In February 1818 he passed examinations to become a midshipman and was immediately assigned to the second Fleet Crew ( Flotskiy Ekipazh ) of the Russian Imperial Navys Baltic Fleet . At the beginning of his naval career , Nakhimovs experience was limited to voyages in the Baltic Sea and to a more extensive trip from the White Sea port of Arkhangelsk to Kronstadt naval base near Saint Petersburg . His lucky break came in March 1822 , when he was assigned to the frigate Kreiser ( Cruiser ) ; the vessel took part in a round-the-globe expedition commanded by the well-known Russian explorer Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev ( 1788-1851 ) , who had already undertaken several such voyages . During the three-year voyage , Nakhimov was promoted to the rank of lieutenant . On conclusion of this adventure , he received his first award , the Order of Saint Vladimir IV degree . He returned to his native Smolensk and was assigned to the 74-gun warship Azov , which made its maiden voyage from Arkhangelsk to Kronstadt in the autumn of 1826 . In the summer of 1827 , Azov sailed to the Mediterranean as flagship of the Russian squadron under the command of Rear-Admiral Lodewijk van Heiden for a joint expedition with the French and British navies against the Ottomans . Just before its departure , Emperor Nicholas I visited the Azov and ordered that in the case of hostilities , the crew should deal with the enemy as the Russians do . Azov , under then-Captain First Rank M.P . Lazarev , distinguished itself most prominently in the Battle of Navarino ( 20 October 1827 ) , during which the allied British-French-Russian fleet totally destroyed the Ottoman squadron . For his outstanding gunnery performance during the battle , the 27-year-old Nakhimov was promoted to the captaincy of a trophy ship and was decorated by the allied governments . During the Crimean War of 1853-1856 Nakhimov distinguished himself by annihilating the Ottoman fleet at Sinope in 1853 . His finest hour came during the siege of Sevastopol , where he and Admiral V . A . Kornilov organized from scratch the land defense of the city and its port , the home base of the Russian Black Sea Fleet . As the commander of the port and the military governor of the city , Nakhimov became in fact the head of the Sevastopol naval and land defense forces . On , while inspecting the forward-defense positions on Malakhov Kurgan , he was fatally wounded by a sniper ; he died two days later . Nakhimov was buried inside St Vladimirs Cathedral in Sevastopol along with Mikhail Lazarev , V.A . Kornilov and Vladimir Istomin . There is a monument erected in his memory . The Soviet government instituted posthumous honors as well , introducing Nakhimov Naval Schools for teenagers in 1943 , and establishing in 1944 both the Order of Nakhimov ( with two degrees ) and the Nakhimov Medal for Navy personnel . The Order of Nakhimov , one of the highest military decorations in the Soviet Union , continues in the Russian Federation . Ships named after Nakhimov . - Admiral Nakhimov , a Russian armoured cruiser . - Original name of Chervona Ukraina , a . - Admiral Nakhimov , a . - , a Soviet passenger liner . - Admiral Nakhimov , a Kresta II-class cruiser . - Admiral Nakhimov ( formerly Kalinin ) , a Honours and awards . - Order of St . Vladimir , 4th class ( 1825 ; the voyage on the frigate Cruiser ) - Order of Saint George , 4th class ( 1827 ; for service in the Battle of Navarino - Order of St . Anna , 2nd class ( 1830 ) - Order of St . Anna , 2nd class with the Imperial Crown ( 1837 ; for diligent and zealous excellent service ) - Order of St . Vladimir , 3rd class ( 1842 ; for diligent and zealous excellent service ) - Badge of distinction For impeccable service XXV years . ( 1846 ) - Order of St . Stanislaus , 1st class ( 1847 ) - Order of St . Anna , 1st class ( 1849 ) - Order of St . Anna , 1st class with the Imperial Crown ( 1851 ) - Order of St . Vladimir , 2nd class ( 1853 ; For the successful transfer of 13th Division ) - Order of Saint George , 2nd class ( 1853 ; For the victory at Sinope ) - Order of the White Eagle ( Russia ) , ( 1855 ; For actions in the defence of Sevastopol ) - Order of the Bath ( United Kingdom ) - Order of the Redeemer ( Greece ) References . - Naval commanders in the history of the Russian maritime |
[
"National Socialist Dictatorship"
] | easy | Which country did Mettmann belong to from 1933 to May 1945? | /wiki/Mettmann#P17#0 | Mettmann Mettmann ( ) is a town in the northern part of the Bergisches Land , in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany . It is the administrative centre of the district of Mettmann , Germanys most densely populated rural district . The town lies east of Düsseldorf and west of Wuppertal . Brief history . Located on the ancient trade route strata coloniensis the Lotharingian hamlet of Medamana ( engl . between the streams , which bears an etymological similarity to the origins of the name for the Northern Italian city of Milan ( lat . Mediolanum ) ) first appeared in the charter of the last Carolingian King , Louis the Child , 904 AD , thus existing officially for more than 1100 years . In 1363 Mettmann was one of eight administrative burghs in the Earldom of Berg and Jülich . Later the burgh became independent at the hand of Counsellor to the Earl of Cleves and was allowed to build a wall and choose a mayor . The ability to toll and tax allowed the burgh to develop in commerce and trade . In 1806 Mettmann became a part of the Grand Duchy of Berg under the rule of Napoleons brother-in-law , Joachim Murat . During this time , Mettmanns burgomaster was called . Mettmann remained French for about 10 years and became a part of Prussias Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg following Napoleons defeat at the Battle of Leipzig in 1813 . As the result of the Congress of Vienna ( 1814–15 ) , in 1822 it was adsorbed into the Prussian Rhine Province . However , the Prussian rulers did not prove to be very popular , as during the bread-riots of 1848–49 and the ensuing political upheavals , which hit the district of Düsseldorf among the hardest , policing was done from Berlin , excluding local accountability . Thus , the Prussian government regarded the Rhinelands as more of a colony , furnishing the bureaucracy , which was based in Düsseldorf , with civil servants that were drafted in from other regions of Prussia . Mettmann was liberated from the National Socialist Dictatorship April 16th , 1945 by a vanguard of the US Ninth Army and then became a part of the British military administration under which the Northern Rhineland was redemocratised . Since 1946 , Mettmann is a part of the Land North Rhine-Westphalia and from 1949 of West Germany . Since 1990 it belongs to the unified Federal Republic of Germany . Government and politics . Mettmann gave its name to the District of Mettmann . Although the administrative centre of the District of Mettmann changed often over the years , in 1954 the parliament of the Land North Rhine-Westphalia eventually decided to make Mettmann the districts administrative centre . In 1974–75 , with the administrative boundary reform , the district lost several councils to the neighbouring cities Düsseldorf , Duisburg , Essen , and Wuppertal . The district name also changed from Düsseldorf-Mettmann to Mettmann during this reform . However , the regional Board of Inland Revenue—the Finanzamt Düsseldorf-Mettmann—serves both the municipalities forming the district of Mettmann , as well as the city of Düsseldorf proper . Sites of interest . In the nearby Neanderthal , in the summer of 1856 , quarry workers discovered the fossilised remains of what became known as the Neanderthal man or Homo neanderthalensis in Feldhof cave . - Neanderthal Museum in Neanderthal - Historical downtown with central market , mansions typical black slate lining - Town Museum - Goldberger Mill in Mettmann Stadtwald Demographics . In the years following Germanys loss of World War II in 1945 , Mettmann saw significant population increases driven mostly by the resettlement of citizens previously living in the eastern territories that had been ceded to Poland . Having seen almost no war-time destruction and being situated in a traditionally strong economic region , the town soon prospered , in line with a general period of rapid economic growth that acquired the moniker Wirtschaftswunder ( economic miracle ) . A shortage of industrial workers led to several recruitment campaigns in Mediterranean countries , starting with Italy in the early 1960s , and followed by Turkey later that decade . These communities soon thrived and established cultural markers such as the Pizza and kebab restaurants that are now ubiquitous throughout western Germany . Later events such as the Lebanese Civil War and the Balkan Wars were also reflected in the towns makeup , which now comprises communities of Turks , Kurds , Kashubians , Old Prussians , Silesians , Poles , Greeks , Croatians , Serbs , Albanians , Bosnians and Lebanese heritage , each distinct but generally well-integrated into the Rhenish-Westphalian majority population and its traditions . For reasons not entirely understood , Mettmann also became the host of a sizeable Brazilian community , an oddity that was featured in the German movie Samba in Mettmann by the German/Italian filmmaker duo Hape Kerkeling and Angelo Colagrossi . Notable people . - Konrad Heresbach ( 1496–1576 ) , reformer , Calvinist , humanist and educator - Joachim Neander ( 1650–1680 ) , Church teacher , theologian and hymn writer - Johannes Flintrop ( 1904–1943 ) , Roman Catholic critic - Thomas Huber ( born 1955 ) , a Swiss artist , lived and worked here - Kristina Bach ( born 1962 ) , singer and music producer - Frank Kschischang ( born 1962 ) , Electrical Engineering Professor at University of Toronto - Campino ( born 1962 ) , a German-British singer , lived here - Martin Kaymer ( born 1984 ) , golfer Twin towns – sister cities . Mettmann is twinned with : - Laval , France ( 1974 ) Friendly cities . Mettmann also has friendly relations with : - Żnin , Poland ( 1997 ) - Goražde , Bosnia and Herzegovina ( 1998 ) - Markranstädt , Germany External links . - Homepage of the City of Mettmann - Homepage of the District of Mettmann - Homepage of the Neanderthal museum |
[
"West Germany"
] | easy | Which country did Mettmann belong to from 1949 to Oct 1990? | /wiki/Mettmann#P17#1 | Mettmann Mettmann ( ) is a town in the northern part of the Bergisches Land , in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany . It is the administrative centre of the district of Mettmann , Germanys most densely populated rural district . The town lies east of Düsseldorf and west of Wuppertal . Brief history . Located on the ancient trade route strata coloniensis the Lotharingian hamlet of Medamana ( engl . between the streams , which bears an etymological similarity to the origins of the name for the Northern Italian city of Milan ( lat . Mediolanum ) ) first appeared in the charter of the last Carolingian King , Louis the Child , 904 AD , thus existing officially for more than 1100 years . In 1363 Mettmann was one of eight administrative burghs in the Earldom of Berg and Jülich . Later the burgh became independent at the hand of Counsellor to the Earl of Cleves and was allowed to build a wall and choose a mayor . The ability to toll and tax allowed the burgh to develop in commerce and trade . In 1806 Mettmann became a part of the Grand Duchy of Berg under the rule of Napoleons brother-in-law , Joachim Murat . During this time , Mettmanns burgomaster was called . Mettmann remained French for about 10 years and became a part of Prussias Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg following Napoleons defeat at the Battle of Leipzig in 1813 . As the result of the Congress of Vienna ( 1814–15 ) , in 1822 it was adsorbed into the Prussian Rhine Province . However , the Prussian rulers did not prove to be very popular , as during the bread-riots of 1848–49 and the ensuing political upheavals , which hit the district of Düsseldorf among the hardest , policing was done from Berlin , excluding local accountability . Thus , the Prussian government regarded the Rhinelands as more of a colony , furnishing the bureaucracy , which was based in Düsseldorf , with civil servants that were drafted in from other regions of Prussia . Mettmann was liberated from the National Socialist Dictatorship April 16th , 1945 by a vanguard of the US Ninth Army and then became a part of the British military administration under which the Northern Rhineland was redemocratised . Since 1946 , Mettmann is a part of the Land North Rhine-Westphalia and from 1949 of West Germany . Since 1990 it belongs to the unified Federal Republic of Germany . Government and politics . Mettmann gave its name to the District of Mettmann . Although the administrative centre of the District of Mettmann changed often over the years , in 1954 the parliament of the Land North Rhine-Westphalia eventually decided to make Mettmann the districts administrative centre . In 1974–75 , with the administrative boundary reform , the district lost several councils to the neighbouring cities Düsseldorf , Duisburg , Essen , and Wuppertal . The district name also changed from Düsseldorf-Mettmann to Mettmann during this reform . However , the regional Board of Inland Revenue—the Finanzamt Düsseldorf-Mettmann—serves both the municipalities forming the district of Mettmann , as well as the city of Düsseldorf proper . Sites of interest . In the nearby Neanderthal , in the summer of 1856 , quarry workers discovered the fossilised remains of what became known as the Neanderthal man or Homo neanderthalensis in Feldhof cave . - Neanderthal Museum in Neanderthal - Historical downtown with central market , mansions typical black slate lining - Town Museum - Goldberger Mill in Mettmann Stadtwald Demographics . In the years following Germanys loss of World War II in 1945 , Mettmann saw significant population increases driven mostly by the resettlement of citizens previously living in the eastern territories that had been ceded to Poland . Having seen almost no war-time destruction and being situated in a traditionally strong economic region , the town soon prospered , in line with a general period of rapid economic growth that acquired the moniker Wirtschaftswunder ( economic miracle ) . A shortage of industrial workers led to several recruitment campaigns in Mediterranean countries , starting with Italy in the early 1960s , and followed by Turkey later that decade . These communities soon thrived and established cultural markers such as the Pizza and kebab restaurants that are now ubiquitous throughout western Germany . Later events such as the Lebanese Civil War and the Balkan Wars were also reflected in the towns makeup , which now comprises communities of Turks , Kurds , Kashubians , Old Prussians , Silesians , Poles , Greeks , Croatians , Serbs , Albanians , Bosnians and Lebanese heritage , each distinct but generally well-integrated into the Rhenish-Westphalian majority population and its traditions . For reasons not entirely understood , Mettmann also became the host of a sizeable Brazilian community , an oddity that was featured in the German movie Samba in Mettmann by the German/Italian filmmaker duo Hape Kerkeling and Angelo Colagrossi . Notable people . - Konrad Heresbach ( 1496–1576 ) , reformer , Calvinist , humanist and educator - Joachim Neander ( 1650–1680 ) , Church teacher , theologian and hymn writer - Johannes Flintrop ( 1904–1943 ) , Roman Catholic critic - Thomas Huber ( born 1955 ) , a Swiss artist , lived and worked here - Kristina Bach ( born 1962 ) , singer and music producer - Frank Kschischang ( born 1962 ) , Electrical Engineering Professor at University of Toronto - Campino ( born 1962 ) , a German-British singer , lived here - Martin Kaymer ( born 1984 ) , golfer Twin towns – sister cities . Mettmann is twinned with : - Laval , France ( 1974 ) Friendly cities . Mettmann also has friendly relations with : - Żnin , Poland ( 1997 ) - Goražde , Bosnia and Herzegovina ( 1998 ) - Markranstädt , Germany External links . - Homepage of the City of Mettmann - Homepage of the District of Mettmann - Homepage of the Neanderthal museum |
[
"Federal Republic of Germany"
] | easy | Which country did Mettmann belong to from Oct 1990 to Oct 1991? | /wiki/Mettmann#P17#2 | Mettmann Mettmann ( ) is a town in the northern part of the Bergisches Land , in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany . It is the administrative centre of the district of Mettmann , Germanys most densely populated rural district . The town lies east of Düsseldorf and west of Wuppertal . Brief history . Located on the ancient trade route strata coloniensis the Lotharingian hamlet of Medamana ( engl . between the streams , which bears an etymological similarity to the origins of the name for the Northern Italian city of Milan ( lat . Mediolanum ) ) first appeared in the charter of the last Carolingian King , Louis the Child , 904 AD , thus existing officially for more than 1100 years . In 1363 Mettmann was one of eight administrative burghs in the Earldom of Berg and Jülich . Later the burgh became independent at the hand of Counsellor to the Earl of Cleves and was allowed to build a wall and choose a mayor . The ability to toll and tax allowed the burgh to develop in commerce and trade . In 1806 Mettmann became a part of the Grand Duchy of Berg under the rule of Napoleons brother-in-law , Joachim Murat . During this time , Mettmanns burgomaster was called . Mettmann remained French for about 10 years and became a part of Prussias Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg following Napoleons defeat at the Battle of Leipzig in 1813 . As the result of the Congress of Vienna ( 1814–15 ) , in 1822 it was adsorbed into the Prussian Rhine Province . However , the Prussian rulers did not prove to be very popular , as during the bread-riots of 1848–49 and the ensuing political upheavals , which hit the district of Düsseldorf among the hardest , policing was done from Berlin , excluding local accountability . Thus , the Prussian government regarded the Rhinelands as more of a colony , furnishing the bureaucracy , which was based in Düsseldorf , with civil servants that were drafted in from other regions of Prussia . Mettmann was liberated from the National Socialist Dictatorship April 16th , 1945 by a vanguard of the US Ninth Army and then became a part of the British military administration under which the Northern Rhineland was redemocratised . Since 1946 , Mettmann is a part of the Land North Rhine-Westphalia and from 1949 of West Germany . Since 1990 it belongs to the unified Federal Republic of Germany . Government and politics . Mettmann gave its name to the District of Mettmann . Although the administrative centre of the District of Mettmann changed often over the years , in 1954 the parliament of the Land North Rhine-Westphalia eventually decided to make Mettmann the districts administrative centre . In 1974–75 , with the administrative boundary reform , the district lost several councils to the neighbouring cities Düsseldorf , Duisburg , Essen , and Wuppertal . The district name also changed from Düsseldorf-Mettmann to Mettmann during this reform . However , the regional Board of Inland Revenue—the Finanzamt Düsseldorf-Mettmann—serves both the municipalities forming the district of Mettmann , as well as the city of Düsseldorf proper . Sites of interest . In the nearby Neanderthal , in the summer of 1856 , quarry workers discovered the fossilised remains of what became known as the Neanderthal man or Homo neanderthalensis in Feldhof cave . - Neanderthal Museum in Neanderthal - Historical downtown with central market , mansions typical black slate lining - Town Museum - Goldberger Mill in Mettmann Stadtwald Demographics . In the years following Germanys loss of World War II in 1945 , Mettmann saw significant population increases driven mostly by the resettlement of citizens previously living in the eastern territories that had been ceded to Poland . Having seen almost no war-time destruction and being situated in a traditionally strong economic region , the town soon prospered , in line with a general period of rapid economic growth that acquired the moniker Wirtschaftswunder ( economic miracle ) . A shortage of industrial workers led to several recruitment campaigns in Mediterranean countries , starting with Italy in the early 1960s , and followed by Turkey later that decade . These communities soon thrived and established cultural markers such as the Pizza and kebab restaurants that are now ubiquitous throughout western Germany . Later events such as the Lebanese Civil War and the Balkan Wars were also reflected in the towns makeup , which now comprises communities of Turks , Kurds , Kashubians , Old Prussians , Silesians , Poles , Greeks , Croatians , Serbs , Albanians , Bosnians and Lebanese heritage , each distinct but generally well-integrated into the Rhenish-Westphalian majority population and its traditions . For reasons not entirely understood , Mettmann also became the host of a sizeable Brazilian community , an oddity that was featured in the German movie Samba in Mettmann by the German/Italian filmmaker duo Hape Kerkeling and Angelo Colagrossi . Notable people . - Konrad Heresbach ( 1496–1576 ) , reformer , Calvinist , humanist and educator - Joachim Neander ( 1650–1680 ) , Church teacher , theologian and hymn writer - Johannes Flintrop ( 1904–1943 ) , Roman Catholic critic - Thomas Huber ( born 1955 ) , a Swiss artist , lived and worked here - Kristina Bach ( born 1962 ) , singer and music producer - Frank Kschischang ( born 1962 ) , Electrical Engineering Professor at University of Toronto - Campino ( born 1962 ) , a German-British singer , lived here - Martin Kaymer ( born 1984 ) , golfer Twin towns – sister cities . Mettmann is twinned with : - Laval , France ( 1974 ) Friendly cities . Mettmann also has friendly relations with : - Żnin , Poland ( 1997 ) - Goražde , Bosnia and Herzegovina ( 1998 ) - Markranstädt , Germany External links . - Homepage of the City of Mettmann - Homepage of the District of Mettmann - Homepage of the Neanderthal museum |
[
"American soccer pyramid"
] | easy | Which league did Richmond Kickers play for from 1997 to 2004? | /wiki/Richmond_Kickers#P118#0 | Richmond Kickers The Richmond Kickers are an American professional soccer club based in Richmond , Virginia . Founded in 1993 , the Kickers are the oldest continuously run professional soccer clubs in the United States , along with the Charleston Battery . After following the United Soccer League into the second division for 2017 and 2018 , the Kickers returned to the third tier of American soccer in 2019 as a founding member of USL League One . The teams home field is City Stadium , where the club has played since 1995 . The teams chairman is Robert Ukrop , a Richmond native and former Kickers player . History . 1993–2019 . The Richmond Kickers were founded in 1993 and played their inaugural season in the United States Interregional Soccer League ( USISL ) , which , at the time , represented the third division of the American soccer pyramid . The team originally played their home matches on the campus of the University of Richmond and targeted players specifically from Virginia . After a poor season in 1994 , the club self-relegated to the newly formed fourth-tier USISL Premier League , now known as the USL League Two . During the 1995 season , the Kickers battled to a 15–3 winning season and went on to win the first ever USISL Premier League championship , defeating the now-defunct Cocoa Expos in the championship . That same season , Richmond won their only , Lamar Hunt U.S . Open Cup championship . The following year , Richmond chose to rejoin the third division , where they reached the USISL Select League championship , only to lose to the California Jaguars in the finals . For the next nine seasons , Richmond played in the second tier of the American soccer pyramid , earning the Commissioners Cup twice , in 1998 and 2001 , as well as earning two conference championships . However , the club was never able to secure a division two league championship , their closest coming in 2005 , when the Kickers fell to the Seattle Sounders in the 2005 USL First Division Championship . After the 2005 season , the Kickers ownership self-relegated the team back into the third division , citing possible financial problems for the club if they remained in the second tier . Since joining the third division , the Kickers have had tremendous success , making it to at least the playoff semifinals each season they have played in the third division . Additionally , the Kickers have won two third division premierships and two third division championships during their spell . In September 2005 , the club retired Rob Ukrops #6 jersey . Ukrop played for the inaugural 1993 Kickers and the 1995 U.S . Open Cup team , joined the New England Revolution at the launch of Major League Soccer before returning midway through the 1996 season to play out his career in his hometown . Richmond Kickers have not only experienced league success , but have been perennial contenders in the Lamar Hunt U.S . Open Cup tournament . In the 2007 U.S . Open Cup , the Kickers defeated the Los Angeles Galaxy of the first division , Major League Soccer , 1–0 in the third round of competition . The Kickers won their First Round match of the 2008 U.S . Open Cup , beating the Fredericksburg Gunners of the PDL with a final scoreline of 3–0 . The Kickers won their second-round game over the Western Mass Pioneers 2–1 before being eliminated from the Cup in the third round by MLS side , and defending USOC champion , New England Revolution , 3–0 . In the 2011 US Open Cup the Kickers made a Cinderella run , defeating MLS clubs Columbus Crew and Sporting Kansas City to reach the semi-finals , before falling to the Chicago Fire . The Kickers briefly sponsored two developmental teams of their own : Richmond Kickers Future and Richmond Kickers Destiny . Future played in the mens USL Premier Development League from 2002 to 2008 , while the Destiny played in the womens USL W-League from 2004 to 2009 . The Kickers entered a multi-year deal to become the USL Pro affiliate of D.C . United in 2013 , and continued that affiliation through 2018 . Loudoun United FC was launched as a fully owned-and-operated affiliate of D.C . United for the 2019 USL Championship season , presumably ending the Kickers affiliation tenure . USL League One era and new ownership ( 2019–present ) . After many years of struggling to keep up with the other teams in the USL Championship , the Kickers announced that they were self-relegating and becoming inaugural members of the new third division league , USL League One . In addition to joining a new league , the Kickers announced that 22 Holdings , LLC , an organization consisting of former Davidson College soccer players and led by former Kickers player Rob Ukrop , had acquired a controlling interest in the team . The former majority owners , the Richmond Kickers Youth Soccer Club , would continue holding a minority interest in the team and operating as the teams youth organization . Colors and badge . The Kickers primary colors are red and white , having been so since the beginning of the 2001 season . Their kits are manufactured by Adidas , as they have been since at least 2009 . In March 2012 , the Kickers revealed a new logo to celebrate 20 years since their inception . Along with the new crest , the club also announced they would be using a third uniform with the colors from their first season in 1993 , green and blue . They also have a black kit they have used during the 2013 season . Stadium . - E . Claiborne Robins Stadium , University of Richmond , Richmond , Virginia ( 1993–1994 ) - City Stadium , Richmond , Virginia ( 1995–present ) Club culture . Supporters . The Kickers supporters groups sit in section O of City Stadium . The two supporters groups are the River City Red Army , which formed in 2010 , and the Scuffletown Social Club , which formed in 2020 . James River Cup . The James River Cup was an annual competition held between the Richmond Kickers and the Virginia Beach Mariners ( formerly Hampton Roads Mariners ) which the team with the most points at the conclusion of all scheduled matches between the two teams would win . The Cup was held every year since 1996 with the exception of 1997 and 2001 when Virginia Beach did not field a team . In 2007 , the Virginia Beach team was disbanded . For the 2008 season , the James River Cup was contested between the Kickers organization and the Hampton Roads Piranhas organization . The cup went to the organization that had the most points in games between their PDL and W-League teams . The series ended up tied 2–2–1 , with the Piranhas winning the Cup on goal difference . Winners . - 2008 : Hampton Roads Piranhas - 2007 : Not held - 2006 : Virginia Beach Mariners - 2005 : Richmond Kickers - 2004 : Richmond Kickers - 2003 : Richmond Kickers - 2002 : Richmond Kickers - 2001 : Not held - 2000 : Richmond Kickers - 1999 : Richmond Kickers - 1998 : Richmond Kickers - 1997 : Not held - 1996 : Hampton Roads Mariners Broadcasting . Beginning with the 2017 season , Richmonds CBS affiliate WTVR-TV will broadcast the clubs home and away matches on their primary channel and their subchannels . All USL matches were broadcast on the USL YouTube page from 2014 to 2017 . Previously , games were broadcast on USL Live . Starting in 2018 , matches will be broadcast on ESPN+ . From 2003 to 2004 , Selecta 1320 AM ( WVNZ ) broadcast select Kickers matches in Spanish ; in 2005 they broadcast all Kickers home matches . However , Selecta 1320 AM does not broadcast Kickers matches now . Players and staff . History vs . Major League Soccer . - 3/15/97 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 3 vs . Columbus Crew 1 ( UR Stadium ) - 6/17/97 – Exhibition – D.C . United 4 vs . Richmond Kickers 2 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/23/97 – U.S . Open Cup ( 3rd Rd ) – MetroStars 3 vs . Richmond Kickers 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 6/14/00 – U.S . Open Cup ( 2nd Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 3 vs . Colorado Rapids 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/25/00 – U.S . Open Cup ( 3rd Rd ) – San Jose Earthquakes 2 vs . Richmond Kickers 0 ( Spartan Stadium ) - 4/1/01 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 0 vs . Dallas Burn 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/24/01 – U.S . Open Cup ( 4th Rd ) – D.C . United 2 vs . Richmond Kickers 1 ( RFK Stadium ) - 4/13/02 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 0 vs . D.C . United 1 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/17/02 – U.S . Open Cup ( 3rd Rd ) – Columbus Crew 3 vs . Richmond Kickers 0 ( Crew Stadium ) - 4/5/03 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . D.C . United 1 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/21/04 – U.S . Open Cup ( 4th Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 2 vs . D.C . United 1 ( UR Stadium ) - 8/4/04 – U.S . Open Cup ( Quarterfinals ) – Chicago Fire 1 vs . Richmond Kickers 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 8/3/05 – U.S . Open Cup ( 4th Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . D.C . United 3 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/10/07 – U.S . Open Cup ( 3rd Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 1 vs Los Angeles Galaxy 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 3/22/08 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 3 vs . D.C . United 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 6/30/10 – U.S . Open Cup ( 4th Rd ) – D.C . United 2 vs . Richmond Kickers 0 ( George Mason Stadium ) - 6/28/11 – U.S . Open Cup ( 3rd Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 2 vs . Columbus Crew 1 ( Crew Stadium ) - 7/12/11 – U.S . Open Cup ( Quarterfinals ) – Richmond Kickers 2 vs . Sporting Kansas City 0 ( Livestrong Sporting Park ) - 8/30/11 – U.S . Open Cup ( Semifinals ) – Chicago Fire 2 vs . Richmond Kickers 1 ( Toyota Park ) - 5/29/12 – U.S . Open Cup ( 3rd Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . D.C . United 2 ( City Stadium ) - 7/17/15 – U.S . Open Cup ( 4th Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . Columbus Crew SC 3 ( City Stadium ) International competition . - 7/16/04 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . Nottingham Forest 1 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/25/09 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . C.S.D . Comunicaciones 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/1/14 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . Mexico U21 1 ( City Stadium ) - 7/31/14 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 0 vs . Crystal Palace 3 ( City Stadium ) - 7/19/15 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . West Bromwich Albion 2 ( City Stadium ) - 7/16/16 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 2 vs . Swansea City A.F.C . 0 ( City Stadium ) External links . - Richmond Kickers official website - Richmond Times Dispatch : Richmond Kickers |
[
"third division"
] | easy | Which league did Richmond Kickers play for from 2006 to 2010? | /wiki/Richmond_Kickers#P118#1 | Richmond Kickers The Richmond Kickers are an American professional soccer club based in Richmond , Virginia . Founded in 1993 , the Kickers are the oldest continuously run professional soccer clubs in the United States , along with the Charleston Battery . After following the United Soccer League into the second division for 2017 and 2018 , the Kickers returned to the third tier of American soccer in 2019 as a founding member of USL League One . The teams home field is City Stadium , where the club has played since 1995 . The teams chairman is Robert Ukrop , a Richmond native and former Kickers player . History . 1993–2019 . The Richmond Kickers were founded in 1993 and played their inaugural season in the United States Interregional Soccer League ( USISL ) , which , at the time , represented the third division of the American soccer pyramid . The team originally played their home matches on the campus of the University of Richmond and targeted players specifically from Virginia . After a poor season in 1994 , the club self-relegated to the newly formed fourth-tier USISL Premier League , now known as the USL League Two . During the 1995 season , the Kickers battled to a 15–3 winning season and went on to win the first ever USISL Premier League championship , defeating the now-defunct Cocoa Expos in the championship . That same season , Richmond won their only , Lamar Hunt U.S . Open Cup championship . The following year , Richmond chose to rejoin the third division , where they reached the USISL Select League championship , only to lose to the California Jaguars in the finals . For the next nine seasons , Richmond played in the second tier of the American soccer pyramid , earning the Commissioners Cup twice , in 1998 and 2001 , as well as earning two conference championships . However , the club was never able to secure a division two league championship , their closest coming in 2005 , when the Kickers fell to the Seattle Sounders in the 2005 USL First Division Championship . After the 2005 season , the Kickers ownership self-relegated the team back into the third division , citing possible financial problems for the club if they remained in the second tier . Since joining the third division , the Kickers have had tremendous success , making it to at least the playoff semifinals each season they have played in the third division . Additionally , the Kickers have won two third division premierships and two third division championships during their spell . In September 2005 , the club retired Rob Ukrops #6 jersey . Ukrop played for the inaugural 1993 Kickers and the 1995 U.S . Open Cup team , joined the New England Revolution at the launch of Major League Soccer before returning midway through the 1996 season to play out his career in his hometown . Richmond Kickers have not only experienced league success , but have been perennial contenders in the Lamar Hunt U.S . Open Cup tournament . In the 2007 U.S . Open Cup , the Kickers defeated the Los Angeles Galaxy of the first division , Major League Soccer , 1–0 in the third round of competition . The Kickers won their First Round match of the 2008 U.S . Open Cup , beating the Fredericksburg Gunners of the PDL with a final scoreline of 3–0 . The Kickers won their second-round game over the Western Mass Pioneers 2–1 before being eliminated from the Cup in the third round by MLS side , and defending USOC champion , New England Revolution , 3–0 . In the 2011 US Open Cup the Kickers made a Cinderella run , defeating MLS clubs Columbus Crew and Sporting Kansas City to reach the semi-finals , before falling to the Chicago Fire . The Kickers briefly sponsored two developmental teams of their own : Richmond Kickers Future and Richmond Kickers Destiny . Future played in the mens USL Premier Development League from 2002 to 2008 , while the Destiny played in the womens USL W-League from 2004 to 2009 . The Kickers entered a multi-year deal to become the USL Pro affiliate of D.C . United in 2013 , and continued that affiliation through 2018 . Loudoun United FC was launched as a fully owned-and-operated affiliate of D.C . United for the 2019 USL Championship season , presumably ending the Kickers affiliation tenure . USL League One era and new ownership ( 2019–present ) . After many years of struggling to keep up with the other teams in the USL Championship , the Kickers announced that they were self-relegating and becoming inaugural members of the new third division league , USL League One . In addition to joining a new league , the Kickers announced that 22 Holdings , LLC , an organization consisting of former Davidson College soccer players and led by former Kickers player Rob Ukrop , had acquired a controlling interest in the team . The former majority owners , the Richmond Kickers Youth Soccer Club , would continue holding a minority interest in the team and operating as the teams youth organization . Colors and badge . The Kickers primary colors are red and white , having been so since the beginning of the 2001 season . Their kits are manufactured by Adidas , as they have been since at least 2009 . In March 2012 , the Kickers revealed a new logo to celebrate 20 years since their inception . Along with the new crest , the club also announced they would be using a third uniform with the colors from their first season in 1993 , green and blue . They also have a black kit they have used during the 2013 season . Stadium . - E . Claiborne Robins Stadium , University of Richmond , Richmond , Virginia ( 1993–1994 ) - City Stadium , Richmond , Virginia ( 1995–present ) Club culture . Supporters . The Kickers supporters groups sit in section O of City Stadium . The two supporters groups are the River City Red Army , which formed in 2010 , and the Scuffletown Social Club , which formed in 2020 . James River Cup . The James River Cup was an annual competition held between the Richmond Kickers and the Virginia Beach Mariners ( formerly Hampton Roads Mariners ) which the team with the most points at the conclusion of all scheduled matches between the two teams would win . The Cup was held every year since 1996 with the exception of 1997 and 2001 when Virginia Beach did not field a team . In 2007 , the Virginia Beach team was disbanded . For the 2008 season , the James River Cup was contested between the Kickers organization and the Hampton Roads Piranhas organization . The cup went to the organization that had the most points in games between their PDL and W-League teams . The series ended up tied 2–2–1 , with the Piranhas winning the Cup on goal difference . Winners . - 2008 : Hampton Roads Piranhas - 2007 : Not held - 2006 : Virginia Beach Mariners - 2005 : Richmond Kickers - 2004 : Richmond Kickers - 2003 : Richmond Kickers - 2002 : Richmond Kickers - 2001 : Not held - 2000 : Richmond Kickers - 1999 : Richmond Kickers - 1998 : Richmond Kickers - 1997 : Not held - 1996 : Hampton Roads Mariners Broadcasting . Beginning with the 2017 season , Richmonds CBS affiliate WTVR-TV will broadcast the clubs home and away matches on their primary channel and their subchannels . All USL matches were broadcast on the USL YouTube page from 2014 to 2017 . Previously , games were broadcast on USL Live . Starting in 2018 , matches will be broadcast on ESPN+ . From 2003 to 2004 , Selecta 1320 AM ( WVNZ ) broadcast select Kickers matches in Spanish ; in 2005 they broadcast all Kickers home matches . However , Selecta 1320 AM does not broadcast Kickers matches now . Players and staff . History vs . Major League Soccer . - 3/15/97 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 3 vs . Columbus Crew 1 ( UR Stadium ) - 6/17/97 – Exhibition – D.C . United 4 vs . Richmond Kickers 2 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/23/97 – U.S . Open Cup ( 3rd Rd ) – MetroStars 3 vs . Richmond Kickers 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 6/14/00 – U.S . Open Cup ( 2nd Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 3 vs . Colorado Rapids 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/25/00 – U.S . Open Cup ( 3rd Rd ) – San Jose Earthquakes 2 vs . Richmond Kickers 0 ( Spartan Stadium ) - 4/1/01 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 0 vs . Dallas Burn 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/24/01 – U.S . Open Cup ( 4th Rd ) – D.C . United 2 vs . Richmond Kickers 1 ( RFK Stadium ) - 4/13/02 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 0 vs . D.C . United 1 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/17/02 – U.S . Open Cup ( 3rd Rd ) – Columbus Crew 3 vs . Richmond Kickers 0 ( Crew Stadium ) - 4/5/03 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . D.C . United 1 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/21/04 – U.S . Open Cup ( 4th Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 2 vs . D.C . United 1 ( UR Stadium ) - 8/4/04 – U.S . Open Cup ( Quarterfinals ) – Chicago Fire 1 vs . Richmond Kickers 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 8/3/05 – U.S . Open Cup ( 4th Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . D.C . United 3 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/10/07 – U.S . Open Cup ( 3rd Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 1 vs Los Angeles Galaxy 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 3/22/08 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 3 vs . D.C . United 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 6/30/10 – U.S . Open Cup ( 4th Rd ) – D.C . United 2 vs . Richmond Kickers 0 ( George Mason Stadium ) - 6/28/11 – U.S . Open Cup ( 3rd Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 2 vs . Columbus Crew 1 ( Crew Stadium ) - 7/12/11 – U.S . Open Cup ( Quarterfinals ) – Richmond Kickers 2 vs . Sporting Kansas City 0 ( Livestrong Sporting Park ) - 8/30/11 – U.S . Open Cup ( Semifinals ) – Chicago Fire 2 vs . Richmond Kickers 1 ( Toyota Park ) - 5/29/12 – U.S . Open Cup ( 3rd Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . D.C . United 2 ( City Stadium ) - 7/17/15 – U.S . Open Cup ( 4th Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . Columbus Crew SC 3 ( City Stadium ) International competition . - 7/16/04 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . Nottingham Forest 1 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/25/09 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . C.S.D . Comunicaciones 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/1/14 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . Mexico U21 1 ( City Stadium ) - 7/31/14 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 0 vs . Crystal Palace 3 ( City Stadium ) - 7/19/15 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . West Bromwich Albion 2 ( City Stadium ) - 7/16/16 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 2 vs . Swansea City A.F.C . 0 ( City Stadium ) External links . - Richmond Kickers official website - Richmond Times Dispatch : Richmond Kickers |
[
""
] | easy | Which league did Richmond Kickers play for from 2011 to 2018? | /wiki/Richmond_Kickers#P118#2 | Richmond Kickers The Richmond Kickers are an American professional soccer club based in Richmond , Virginia . Founded in 1993 , the Kickers are the oldest continuously run professional soccer clubs in the United States , along with the Charleston Battery . After following the United Soccer League into the second division for 2017 and 2018 , the Kickers returned to the third tier of American soccer in 2019 as a founding member of USL League One . The teams home field is City Stadium , where the club has played since 1995 . The teams chairman is Robert Ukrop , a Richmond native and former Kickers player . History . 1993–2019 . The Richmond Kickers were founded in 1993 and played their inaugural season in the United States Interregional Soccer League ( USISL ) , which , at the time , represented the third division of the American soccer pyramid . The team originally played their home matches on the campus of the University of Richmond and targeted players specifically from Virginia . After a poor season in 1994 , the club self-relegated to the newly formed fourth-tier USISL Premier League , now known as the USL League Two . During the 1995 season , the Kickers battled to a 15–3 winning season and went on to win the first ever USISL Premier League championship , defeating the now-defunct Cocoa Expos in the championship . That same season , Richmond won their only , Lamar Hunt U.S . Open Cup championship . The following year , Richmond chose to rejoin the third division , where they reached the USISL Select League championship , only to lose to the California Jaguars in the finals . For the next nine seasons , Richmond played in the second tier of the American soccer pyramid , earning the Commissioners Cup twice , in 1998 and 2001 , as well as earning two conference championships . However , the club was never able to secure a division two league championship , their closest coming in 2005 , when the Kickers fell to the Seattle Sounders in the 2005 USL First Division Championship . After the 2005 season , the Kickers ownership self-relegated the team back into the third division , citing possible financial problems for the club if they remained in the second tier . Since joining the third division , the Kickers have had tremendous success , making it to at least the playoff semifinals each season they have played in the third division . Additionally , the Kickers have won two third division premierships and two third division championships during their spell . In September 2005 , the club retired Rob Ukrops #6 jersey . Ukrop played for the inaugural 1993 Kickers and the 1995 U.S . Open Cup team , joined the New England Revolution at the launch of Major League Soccer before returning midway through the 1996 season to play out his career in his hometown . Richmond Kickers have not only experienced league success , but have been perennial contenders in the Lamar Hunt U.S . Open Cup tournament . In the 2007 U.S . Open Cup , the Kickers defeated the Los Angeles Galaxy of the first division , Major League Soccer , 1–0 in the third round of competition . The Kickers won their First Round match of the 2008 U.S . Open Cup , beating the Fredericksburg Gunners of the PDL with a final scoreline of 3–0 . The Kickers won their second-round game over the Western Mass Pioneers 2–1 before being eliminated from the Cup in the third round by MLS side , and defending USOC champion , New England Revolution , 3–0 . In the 2011 US Open Cup the Kickers made a Cinderella run , defeating MLS clubs Columbus Crew and Sporting Kansas City to reach the semi-finals , before falling to the Chicago Fire . The Kickers briefly sponsored two developmental teams of their own : Richmond Kickers Future and Richmond Kickers Destiny . Future played in the mens USL Premier Development League from 2002 to 2008 , while the Destiny played in the womens USL W-League from 2004 to 2009 . The Kickers entered a multi-year deal to become the USL Pro affiliate of D.C . United in 2013 , and continued that affiliation through 2018 . Loudoun United FC was launched as a fully owned-and-operated affiliate of D.C . United for the 2019 USL Championship season , presumably ending the Kickers affiliation tenure . USL League One era and new ownership ( 2019–present ) . After many years of struggling to keep up with the other teams in the USL Championship , the Kickers announced that they were self-relegating and becoming inaugural members of the new third division league , USL League One . In addition to joining a new league , the Kickers announced that 22 Holdings , LLC , an organization consisting of former Davidson College soccer players and led by former Kickers player Rob Ukrop , had acquired a controlling interest in the team . The former majority owners , the Richmond Kickers Youth Soccer Club , would continue holding a minority interest in the team and operating as the teams youth organization . Colors and badge . The Kickers primary colors are red and white , having been so since the beginning of the 2001 season . Their kits are manufactured by Adidas , as they have been since at least 2009 . In March 2012 , the Kickers revealed a new logo to celebrate 20 years since their inception . Along with the new crest , the club also announced they would be using a third uniform with the colors from their first season in 1993 , green and blue . They also have a black kit they have used during the 2013 season . Stadium . - E . Claiborne Robins Stadium , University of Richmond , Richmond , Virginia ( 1993–1994 ) - City Stadium , Richmond , Virginia ( 1995–present ) Club culture . Supporters . The Kickers supporters groups sit in section O of City Stadium . The two supporters groups are the River City Red Army , which formed in 2010 , and the Scuffletown Social Club , which formed in 2020 . James River Cup . The James River Cup was an annual competition held between the Richmond Kickers and the Virginia Beach Mariners ( formerly Hampton Roads Mariners ) which the team with the most points at the conclusion of all scheduled matches between the two teams would win . The Cup was held every year since 1996 with the exception of 1997 and 2001 when Virginia Beach did not field a team . In 2007 , the Virginia Beach team was disbanded . For the 2008 season , the James River Cup was contested between the Kickers organization and the Hampton Roads Piranhas organization . The cup went to the organization that had the most points in games between their PDL and W-League teams . The series ended up tied 2–2–1 , with the Piranhas winning the Cup on goal difference . Winners . - 2008 : Hampton Roads Piranhas - 2007 : Not held - 2006 : Virginia Beach Mariners - 2005 : Richmond Kickers - 2004 : Richmond Kickers - 2003 : Richmond Kickers - 2002 : Richmond Kickers - 2001 : Not held - 2000 : Richmond Kickers - 1999 : Richmond Kickers - 1998 : Richmond Kickers - 1997 : Not held - 1996 : Hampton Roads Mariners Broadcasting . Beginning with the 2017 season , Richmonds CBS affiliate WTVR-TV will broadcast the clubs home and away matches on their primary channel and their subchannels . All USL matches were broadcast on the USL YouTube page from 2014 to 2017 . Previously , games were broadcast on USL Live . Starting in 2018 , matches will be broadcast on ESPN+ . From 2003 to 2004 , Selecta 1320 AM ( WVNZ ) broadcast select Kickers matches in Spanish ; in 2005 they broadcast all Kickers home matches . However , Selecta 1320 AM does not broadcast Kickers matches now . Players and staff . History vs . Major League Soccer . - 3/15/97 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 3 vs . Columbus Crew 1 ( UR Stadium ) - 6/17/97 – Exhibition – D.C . United 4 vs . Richmond Kickers 2 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/23/97 – U.S . Open Cup ( 3rd Rd ) – MetroStars 3 vs . Richmond Kickers 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 6/14/00 – U.S . Open Cup ( 2nd Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 3 vs . Colorado Rapids 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/25/00 – U.S . Open Cup ( 3rd Rd ) – San Jose Earthquakes 2 vs . Richmond Kickers 0 ( Spartan Stadium ) - 4/1/01 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 0 vs . Dallas Burn 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/24/01 – U.S . Open Cup ( 4th Rd ) – D.C . United 2 vs . Richmond Kickers 1 ( RFK Stadium ) - 4/13/02 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 0 vs . D.C . United 1 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/17/02 – U.S . Open Cup ( 3rd Rd ) – Columbus Crew 3 vs . Richmond Kickers 0 ( Crew Stadium ) - 4/5/03 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . D.C . United 1 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/21/04 – U.S . Open Cup ( 4th Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 2 vs . D.C . United 1 ( UR Stadium ) - 8/4/04 – U.S . Open Cup ( Quarterfinals ) – Chicago Fire 1 vs . Richmond Kickers 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 8/3/05 – U.S . Open Cup ( 4th Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . D.C . United 3 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/10/07 – U.S . Open Cup ( 3rd Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 1 vs Los Angeles Galaxy 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 3/22/08 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 3 vs . D.C . United 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 6/30/10 – U.S . Open Cup ( 4th Rd ) – D.C . United 2 vs . Richmond Kickers 0 ( George Mason Stadium ) - 6/28/11 – U.S . Open Cup ( 3rd Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 2 vs . Columbus Crew 1 ( Crew Stadium ) - 7/12/11 – U.S . Open Cup ( Quarterfinals ) – Richmond Kickers 2 vs . Sporting Kansas City 0 ( Livestrong Sporting Park ) - 8/30/11 – U.S . Open Cup ( Semifinals ) – Chicago Fire 2 vs . Richmond Kickers 1 ( Toyota Park ) - 5/29/12 – U.S . Open Cup ( 3rd Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . D.C . United 2 ( City Stadium ) - 7/17/15 – U.S . Open Cup ( 4th Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . Columbus Crew SC 3 ( City Stadium ) International competition . - 7/16/04 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . Nottingham Forest 1 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/25/09 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . C.S.D . Comunicaciones 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/1/14 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . Mexico U21 1 ( City Stadium ) - 7/31/14 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 0 vs . Crystal Palace 3 ( City Stadium ) - 7/19/15 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . West Bromwich Albion 2 ( City Stadium ) - 7/16/16 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 2 vs . Swansea City A.F.C . 0 ( City Stadium ) External links . - Richmond Kickers official website - Richmond Times Dispatch : Richmond Kickers |
[
"USL League One"
] | easy | Which league did Richmond Kickers play for from 2019 to 2020? | /wiki/Richmond_Kickers#P118#3 | Richmond Kickers The Richmond Kickers are an American professional soccer club based in Richmond , Virginia . Founded in 1993 , the Kickers are the oldest continuously run professional soccer clubs in the United States , along with the Charleston Battery . After following the United Soccer League into the second division for 2017 and 2018 , the Kickers returned to the third tier of American soccer in 2019 as a founding member of USL League One . The teams home field is City Stadium , where the club has played since 1995 . The teams chairman is Robert Ukrop , a Richmond native and former Kickers player . History . 1993–2019 . The Richmond Kickers were founded in 1993 and played their inaugural season in the United States Interregional Soccer League ( USISL ) , which , at the time , represented the third division of the American soccer pyramid . The team originally played their home matches on the campus of the University of Richmond and targeted players specifically from Virginia . After a poor season in 1994 , the club self-relegated to the newly formed fourth-tier USISL Premier League , now known as the USL League Two . During the 1995 season , the Kickers battled to a 15–3 winning season and went on to win the first ever USISL Premier League championship , defeating the now-defunct Cocoa Expos in the championship . That same season , Richmond won their only , Lamar Hunt U.S . Open Cup championship . The following year , Richmond chose to rejoin the third division , where they reached the USISL Select League championship , only to lose to the California Jaguars in the finals . For the next nine seasons , Richmond played in the second tier of the American soccer pyramid , earning the Commissioners Cup twice , in 1998 and 2001 , as well as earning two conference championships . However , the club was never able to secure a division two league championship , their closest coming in 2005 , when the Kickers fell to the Seattle Sounders in the 2005 USL First Division Championship . After the 2005 season , the Kickers ownership self-relegated the team back into the third division , citing possible financial problems for the club if they remained in the second tier . Since joining the third division , the Kickers have had tremendous success , making it to at least the playoff semifinals each season they have played in the third division . Additionally , the Kickers have won two third division premierships and two third division championships during their spell . In September 2005 , the club retired Rob Ukrops #6 jersey . Ukrop played for the inaugural 1993 Kickers and the 1995 U.S . Open Cup team , joined the New England Revolution at the launch of Major League Soccer before returning midway through the 1996 season to play out his career in his hometown . Richmond Kickers have not only experienced league success , but have been perennial contenders in the Lamar Hunt U.S . Open Cup tournament . In the 2007 U.S . Open Cup , the Kickers defeated the Los Angeles Galaxy of the first division , Major League Soccer , 1–0 in the third round of competition . The Kickers won their First Round match of the 2008 U.S . Open Cup , beating the Fredericksburg Gunners of the PDL with a final scoreline of 3–0 . The Kickers won their second-round game over the Western Mass Pioneers 2–1 before being eliminated from the Cup in the third round by MLS side , and defending USOC champion , New England Revolution , 3–0 . In the 2011 US Open Cup the Kickers made a Cinderella run , defeating MLS clubs Columbus Crew and Sporting Kansas City to reach the semi-finals , before falling to the Chicago Fire . The Kickers briefly sponsored two developmental teams of their own : Richmond Kickers Future and Richmond Kickers Destiny . Future played in the mens USL Premier Development League from 2002 to 2008 , while the Destiny played in the womens USL W-League from 2004 to 2009 . The Kickers entered a multi-year deal to become the USL Pro affiliate of D.C . United in 2013 , and continued that affiliation through 2018 . Loudoun United FC was launched as a fully owned-and-operated affiliate of D.C . United for the 2019 USL Championship season , presumably ending the Kickers affiliation tenure . USL League One era and new ownership ( 2019–present ) . After many years of struggling to keep up with the other teams in the USL Championship , the Kickers announced that they were self-relegating and becoming inaugural members of the new third division league , USL League One . In addition to joining a new league , the Kickers announced that 22 Holdings , LLC , an organization consisting of former Davidson College soccer players and led by former Kickers player Rob Ukrop , had acquired a controlling interest in the team . The former majority owners , the Richmond Kickers Youth Soccer Club , would continue holding a minority interest in the team and operating as the teams youth organization . Colors and badge . The Kickers primary colors are red and white , having been so since the beginning of the 2001 season . Their kits are manufactured by Adidas , as they have been since at least 2009 . In March 2012 , the Kickers revealed a new logo to celebrate 20 years since their inception . Along with the new crest , the club also announced they would be using a third uniform with the colors from their first season in 1993 , green and blue . They also have a black kit they have used during the 2013 season . Stadium . - E . Claiborne Robins Stadium , University of Richmond , Richmond , Virginia ( 1993–1994 ) - City Stadium , Richmond , Virginia ( 1995–present ) Club culture . Supporters . The Kickers supporters groups sit in section O of City Stadium . The two supporters groups are the River City Red Army , which formed in 2010 , and the Scuffletown Social Club , which formed in 2020 . James River Cup . The James River Cup was an annual competition held between the Richmond Kickers and the Virginia Beach Mariners ( formerly Hampton Roads Mariners ) which the team with the most points at the conclusion of all scheduled matches between the two teams would win . The Cup was held every year since 1996 with the exception of 1997 and 2001 when Virginia Beach did not field a team . In 2007 , the Virginia Beach team was disbanded . For the 2008 season , the James River Cup was contested between the Kickers organization and the Hampton Roads Piranhas organization . The cup went to the organization that had the most points in games between their PDL and W-League teams . The series ended up tied 2–2–1 , with the Piranhas winning the Cup on goal difference . Winners . - 2008 : Hampton Roads Piranhas - 2007 : Not held - 2006 : Virginia Beach Mariners - 2005 : Richmond Kickers - 2004 : Richmond Kickers - 2003 : Richmond Kickers - 2002 : Richmond Kickers - 2001 : Not held - 2000 : Richmond Kickers - 1999 : Richmond Kickers - 1998 : Richmond Kickers - 1997 : Not held - 1996 : Hampton Roads Mariners Broadcasting . Beginning with the 2017 season , Richmonds CBS affiliate WTVR-TV will broadcast the clubs home and away matches on their primary channel and their subchannels . All USL matches were broadcast on the USL YouTube page from 2014 to 2017 . Previously , games were broadcast on USL Live . Starting in 2018 , matches will be broadcast on ESPN+ . From 2003 to 2004 , Selecta 1320 AM ( WVNZ ) broadcast select Kickers matches in Spanish ; in 2005 they broadcast all Kickers home matches . However , Selecta 1320 AM does not broadcast Kickers matches now . Players and staff . History vs . Major League Soccer . - 3/15/97 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 3 vs . Columbus Crew 1 ( UR Stadium ) - 6/17/97 – Exhibition – D.C . United 4 vs . Richmond Kickers 2 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/23/97 – U.S . Open Cup ( 3rd Rd ) – MetroStars 3 vs . Richmond Kickers 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 6/14/00 – U.S . Open Cup ( 2nd Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 3 vs . Colorado Rapids 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/25/00 – U.S . Open Cup ( 3rd Rd ) – San Jose Earthquakes 2 vs . Richmond Kickers 0 ( Spartan Stadium ) - 4/1/01 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 0 vs . Dallas Burn 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/24/01 – U.S . Open Cup ( 4th Rd ) – D.C . United 2 vs . Richmond Kickers 1 ( RFK Stadium ) - 4/13/02 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 0 vs . D.C . United 1 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/17/02 – U.S . Open Cup ( 3rd Rd ) – Columbus Crew 3 vs . Richmond Kickers 0 ( Crew Stadium ) - 4/5/03 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . D.C . United 1 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/21/04 – U.S . Open Cup ( 4th Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 2 vs . D.C . United 1 ( UR Stadium ) - 8/4/04 – U.S . Open Cup ( Quarterfinals ) – Chicago Fire 1 vs . Richmond Kickers 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 8/3/05 – U.S . Open Cup ( 4th Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . D.C . United 3 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/10/07 – U.S . Open Cup ( 3rd Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 1 vs Los Angeles Galaxy 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 3/22/08 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 3 vs . D.C . United 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 6/30/10 – U.S . Open Cup ( 4th Rd ) – D.C . United 2 vs . Richmond Kickers 0 ( George Mason Stadium ) - 6/28/11 – U.S . Open Cup ( 3rd Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 2 vs . Columbus Crew 1 ( Crew Stadium ) - 7/12/11 – U.S . Open Cup ( Quarterfinals ) – Richmond Kickers 2 vs . Sporting Kansas City 0 ( Livestrong Sporting Park ) - 8/30/11 – U.S . Open Cup ( Semifinals ) – Chicago Fire 2 vs . Richmond Kickers 1 ( Toyota Park ) - 5/29/12 – U.S . Open Cup ( 3rd Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . D.C . United 2 ( City Stadium ) - 7/17/15 – U.S . Open Cup ( 4th Rd ) – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . Columbus Crew SC 3 ( City Stadium ) International competition . - 7/16/04 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . Nottingham Forest 1 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/25/09 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . C.S.D . Comunicaciones 0 ( UR Stadium ) - 7/1/14 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . Mexico U21 1 ( City Stadium ) - 7/31/14 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 0 vs . Crystal Palace 3 ( City Stadium ) - 7/19/15 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 1 vs . West Bromwich Albion 2 ( City Stadium ) - 7/16/16 – Exhibition – Richmond Kickers 2 vs . Swansea City A.F.C . 0 ( City Stadium ) External links . - Richmond Kickers official website - Richmond Times Dispatch : Richmond Kickers |
[
"Mount Pleasant High School"
] | easy | Louie Gohmert went to which school from 1970 to 1971? | /wiki/Louie_Gohmert#P69#0 | Louie Gohmert Louis Louie Buller Gohmert Jr . ( ; born August 18 , 1953 ) is an American attorney and former judge currently serving as the U.S . Representative from Texass 1st congressional district since 2005 . Gohmert is a Republican and is part of the Tea Party movement . In January 2015 , he unsuccessfully challenged John Boehner for the position of Speaker of the House of Representatives . Early life and education . Gohmert was born in Pittsburg , Texas , the son of German Texan architect Louis Buller Gohmert ( 1926–2021 ) and his first wife Mary Sue ( née Brooks ) . Gohmert was raised in Mount Pleasant , Texas , where he graduated from Mount Pleasant High School in 1971 . He enrolled in Texas A&M University , receiving U.S . Army scholarship and earning a B.A . in history in 1975 . Gohmert commanded a cadet brigade in the Corps of Cadets and served as class president . He was also a student leader for the MSC Student Conference on National Affairs alongside future fellow Congressman Chet Edwards , and a member of the Ross Volunteer Company . Gohmert received a Juris Doctor degree from Baylor Law School in Waco , Texas , in 1977 . Early political career . Gohmert attended The JAG School at the University of Virginia and entered U.S . Army JAG Corps . He served in the JAG Corps at Fort Benning , Georgia , from 1978–82 . The majority of his legal service in the U.S . Army was as a defense attorney . Gohmert was elected as a state district judge for Texass 7th Judicial District , serving Smith County ( Tyler , Texas ) from 1992 to 2002 . He was elected to three terms . He first saw national recognition for a 1996 probation requirement where he ordered an HIV positive man , who was convicted on motor vehicle theft charges , to seek the written consent from all future sexual partners on a court provided form notifying them of his HIV status . The order angered LGBT activists and civil libertarians . In 2002 , Gohmert was appointed by Texas Governor Rick Perry to fill a vacancy as Chief Justice on Texass 12th Court of Appeals , where he served a six-month term , which ended in 2003 . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . A mid-decade redistricting made the 1st District significantly more conservative than its predecessor . Tyler , which had long anchored the 4th District , was shifted to the 1st District . In the 2004 Republican primary , Gohmert defeated State Representative Wayne Christian of Center , Texas . He defeated Democratic incumbent 1st District Congressman Max Sandlin in a landslide with 61% of the vote . He has never again faced another contest that close , and has been reelected seven times , never dropping below 68 percent of the vote . He only faced an independent in 2008 , and a Libertarian in 2010 . Gohmert handily won his seventh term in the general election held on November 8 , 2016 . With 192,434 votes ( 73.9% ) , he defeated Democrat Shirley J . McKellar , who polled 62,847 ballots ( 24.1% ) . Libertarian Phil Gray polled 5,062 votes ( 1.9% ) . Tenure . On July 29 , 2009 , Gohmert signed on as a co-sponsor of the defeated H.R . 1503 . This bill would have amended the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to require the principal campaign committee of a candidate for election to the office of president to include with the committees statement of organization a copy of the candidates birth certificate , together with such other documentation as may be necessary to establish that the candidate meets the qualifications for eligibility to the office of president under the Constitution . Gohmert stated in a House Judiciary Hearing on May 15 , 2013 , that he believed the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) did not act with due diligence concerning alleged bomber Tamerlan Tsarnaev . His contention was that the FBI was more interested in Christian groups such as those led by Billy and Franklin Graham than in groups that might be considered less politically correct to target . Attorney General Eric Holder responded to his claims : The only observation I was going to make is that you state as a matter of fact what the FBI did and did not do . Unless somebody has done something inappropriate , you dont have access to the FBI files .. . I know what the FBI did . You cannot know what I know . Thats all . Gohmert objected to this on the grounds that Holder had challenge [ d ] his character and made several unsuccessful attempts to inject his viewpoint as a point of personal privilege . On January 3 , 2013 , Gohmert broke ranks with the House leadership to nominate outspoken Florida Representative Allen West for Speaker of the House , although West narrowly lost his bid for re-election in November 2012 , and was no longer a member of Congress . Although he had previously ruled out the possibility of a bid for the U.S . Senate , in 2013 he was boosted by at least one tea party group ( Grassroots America We the People ) as a primary challenger to current Republican Senator John Cornyn . A vocal critic of House speaker John Boehner , Gohmert challenged his re-election to the speakership for the 114th Congress when Congress convened on January 6 , 2015 . Boehner was re-elected , even though 25 Freedom Caucus Republicans chose not to vote for himGohmert received 3 of those votes . In 2017 , Gohmert expressed fear that he might become the target of gun violence similar to that experienced by former Congresswoman Gabby Giffords and refused to hold public town hall meetings . In April 2018 , Gohmert testified at a hearing supporting Derrick Miller , a former US Army National Guardsman Sergeant who was sentenced to life in prison with the chance of parole for the premeditated murder of an Afghan civilian during a battlefield interrogation . In December 2020 , Gohmert signed an amicus brief before the United States Supreme Court in Texas v . Pennsylvania , et al. , which sought to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election results ; see longer discussion below . Later the same month , Gohmert and several other plaintiffs filed a lawsuit in federal district court against Vice President Mike Pence , seeking to overturn parts of the federal Electoral Count Act and prevent electoral votes for President-Elect Joe Biden from being counted in Congress . See longer discussion below . Gohmert was one of the 147 congressmen who voted to overturn the results of the 2020 US presidential election in Congress on January 7 , 2021 , the day after the storming of the US Capitol . Fiscal policy . Gohmert has signed the Americans for Tax Reforms Taxpayer Protection Pledge . He offered an alternative plan to kick-start the economy with his tax holiday bill that would allow taxpayers to be exempt for two months from having federal income tax taken out of their paychecks . He was one of a number of Republicans who voted against the Budget Control Act of 2011 on grounds it did not do enough to deal with the governments growing debt . Gohmert was one of four Republicans who joined 161 Democrats to vote against a balanced budget Constitutional amendment in November 2011 . Gohmert supports and has voted for legislation in favor of school vouchers . Gohmert strongly supported the Baseline Reform Act of 2013 ( H.R . 1871 ; 113th Congress ) , a bill that would change the way in which discretionary appropriations for individual accounts are projected in the Congressional Budget Offices baseline . Under H.R . 1871 , projections of such spending would still be based on the current years appropriations , but would not be adjusted for inflation going forward . Gohmert said that conservatives have advocated for years that there should be no automatic spending increases in any federal departments budget .. . that has been a trap so when we simply slow the rate of increase , we are accused of making draconian cuts . He argued the legislation would make clearer what is an increase and what is a cut , put the government in the same situation as American families , and help with the task of getting the debt under control . Climate change and the environment . Gohmert rejects the scientific consensus on climate change and has asserted that data supporting it is fraudulent . He opposes cap-and-trade legislation , such as the one that was passed in the U.S . House when it had a Democratic majority , and supports expanding drilling , and exploration in Arctic National Wildlife Refuge ( ANWR ) . In an interview on the C-SPAN program Washington Journal on July 8 , 2015 , after Pope Francis issued his second encyclical Laudato si , Gohmert said the Pope was incorrect in identifying climate change as a serious problem . Gohmert supported the U . S . withdrawal from the Paris Agreement . In a 2012 meeting of the House Natural Resources Committee , Gohmert stated his strong support of a trans-Alaskan pipeline , as a means for caribou to have more sex . According to Gohmert , When [ the caribou ] want to go on a date , they invite each other to head over to the pipeline . So [ his ] real concern now [ is ] .. . if oil stops running through the pipeline .. . do we need a study to see how adversely the caribou would be affected if that warm oil ever quit flowing ? Gohmerts comments were not favorably received by the rest of the committee . Social policy . Gohmert opposes abortion . He has stated that he believes that life begins at conception . Gohmert sponsored the Sanctity of Human Life Act . Gohmert voted for the Child Interstate Abortion Notification Act , a bill that prohibits the transportation of a minor across state lines for the purposes of an abortion without the consent of the minors parents . He has a 100% pro-life voting record rating from the National Right to Life Committee ( NRLC ) . At a congressional hearing on May 23 , 2013 , on an abortion bill that would ban the procedure after 20 weeks of pregnancy , Gohmert told the story of another couple he knew that decided to go through with their pregnancy despite learning of fetal anomalies . He told Zink , a woman witness , that she should have gone through with her pregnancy despite some doctors opinion that the brain function was impaired , and then have a better assessment of the babys health once it was born . Gohmert explained : Ms . Zink , having my great sympathy and empathy both , I still come back wondering , shouldnt we wait , like that couple did , and see if the child can survive before we decide to rip him apart ? .. . So these are ethical issues , theyre moral issues , theyre difficult issues , and the parents should certainly be consulted . But it just seems like , its a more educated decision if the child is in front of you to make those decisions , Gohmert said . Gohmert opposes LGBT rights . In 2009 , he voted against the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr . Hate Crimes Prevention Act , a bill that expanded the federal hate crime law to cover crimes biased by the victims sexual orientation or gender identity . In 2010 , Gohmert opposed allowing gays and lesbians to serve in the U.S . military and voted against the Dont Ask , Dont Tell Repeal Act . In 2019 , Gohmert expressed his strong opposition to the Equality Act , a bill that would protect LGBT people against discrimination . On December 16 , 2012 , two days after the Sandy Hook shootings , Gohmert appeared on Fox News Sunday and suggested that the tragedy would have never happened had the teachers been armed . He told host Chris Wallace , I wish to God that she [ principal Dawn L . Hochsprung ] had an M4 in her office , locked up so when she heard gunfire , she pulls it out.. . and takes him out and takes his head off before he can kill those precious kids . He claimed that the 20 victims who had been killed with a Bushmaster semi-automatic rifle had defensive wounds . On March 22 , 2016 , Gohmert was one of only 4 representatives to vote against H.R . 4742 ( 383 voted for the act ) . H.R . 4742 is a bill to authorize the National Science Foundation to support entrepreneurial programs for women . Gohmert gave the following quotes in defense of his position : Gohmert acknowledged that the bill was well intentioned , but said that this program is designed to discriminate against that young , poverty-stricken boy and to encourage the girl . Forget the boy . Encourage the girl . In December 2018 , with the possibility of a government shutdown that month looming , the House passed a bill funding the government through February and providing $5.7 billion for the border wall between the United States and Mexico favored by President Trump hours after he told House Republican leaders that he would not sign a package passed in the Senate due to it not providing money for the barrier . After the shutdown commenced , Gohmert was asked by Griff Jenkins how long President Trump should keep the government closed , Gohmert noting that it was only a fourth of the government that was shutdown as Congress had already approved other portions of the funding through September 2019 and answered that Trump should keep it closed till hell freezes over as Congress owed Americans border security . Gohmert added that the most compassionate thing the US could do for Mexico and Central America was to not bestow either country with money that ends up in the hands of drug cartels . In a later statement , Gohmert said , It is simply outrageous that people who live behind walls , gated communities , have armed body guards and lead the Democrat Party , like millionaire Speaker Pelosi , would deny the American public the simple right to be safe from dangerous criminal elements included in the groups pouring illegally into our country . On February 26 , 2020 , Gohmert voted against making lynching a federal hate crime . He said the 10-year sentence for lynching stated in the act was ridiculous , and that crimes such as lynching should be prosecuted through state murder statutes , which is punishable up to death in Texas . Gohmert opposes federal hate crime legislation , saying that some hate crime legislation is unnecessary because assault and murder are already crimes . COVID-19 . Although evidence of its effectiveness is lacking , Gohmert strongly supports the use of hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 , as he told Sean Hannity of Fox News in July 2020 . He urged the Food and Drug Administration in April 2020 to approve the drug as an official treatment . In April 2020 , Gohmert was criticized after falsely claiming that Germany had invented a mist that killed the coronavirus . Gohmert tested positive for COVID-19 on July 29 , 2020 , a day after he attended a House Judiciary Committee hearing without wearing a mask , a practice he had largely maintained for some time . In an interview , Gohmert suggested that he might have contracted the disease from wearing a mask . An anonymous Gohmert aide emailed Politico with complaints , thanking Politico for letting the office know Gohmert tested positive ; that Louie requires full staff to be in the office , including three interns , so that we could be an example to America on how to open up safely ; and that people were often berated for wearing a mask . Gohmert stated he planned to take hydroxychloroquine as part of his treatment . On September 19 , Gohmert was reported to be glad to be on the other side and to have donated his blood plasma ( presumably for use in convalescent plasma therapy ) . Committee assignments . Committee on the Judiciary - Subcommittee on the Constitution and Civil Justice - Subcommittee on Crime , Terrorism , Homeland Security , and Investigations ( Vice Chair ) Committee on Natural Resources ( Vice Chair ) - Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources - Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations Caucus memberships . - Freedom Caucus - Israel Allies Caucus - United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus - Tea Party Caucus - Republican Study Committee - Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus - Congressional Western Caucus Controversies . Terror babies . In a speech about national security made on the House floor in June 2010 , Gohmert claimed that a retired FBI agent had told him that one of the things the FBI had been looking at were terrorist cells overseas sending young women to become pregnant so they would deliver the baby in the United States , and then take the baby with them back to be raised as a terrorist . When adult , this operative—a U.S . citizen by birth—could be easily infiltrated in the U.S . to carry out terrorist actions . On August 12 , 2010 , Gohmert appeared on Anderson Cooper 360° to defend comments he had recently made on the floor of the House regarding terror babies . On Fox Business News , Gohmert later claimed that an airline passenger with a relative in Hamas had a grandchild who was to be intentionally born in the United States . In the interview , Gohmert asserted that pregnant women from the Middle East are traveling to the U.S . on tourist visas , planning to deliver the child there . The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution states that children born on U.S . soil are U.S . citizens at birth . Gohmert asserted that the child would then be returned to the mothers home country and be submitted to a life of terrorist training . When repeatedly asked by the host for any evidence of this , Gohmert did not provide substantiation for either the ex-FBI agent story or the airline passenger story , but he did refer to a Washington Post article that said Chinese tourists sometimes travel to the U.S . to give birth in the U.S . Gohmert said this practice takes advantage of a gaping hole in the security of our country . Muslim Brotherhood . On June 13 , 2012 , Gohmert was one of five Republican United States representatives ( including Michele Bachmann , Trent Franks , Tom Rooney , Lynn Westmoreland ) to send letters to the Inspectors General of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence , the Department of Defense , the Department of Homeland Security , the Department of Justice and the Department of State outlining their serious national security concerns , and asking for answers to questions regarding the Muslim Brotherhood and other radical groups access to top Obama administration officials . In the letter , Gohmert and the other U.S . lawmakers wrote about information they claim raises serious questions about Department of State policies and activities that appear to be a result of influence operations conducted by individuals and organizations associated with the Muslim Brotherhood . One of the letters in particular to Ambassador Harold W . Geisel , the Deputy Inspector General of the United States Department of State , mentioned the Deputy Chief of Staff to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton , Huma Abedin , as an example of the undue influence . The letter said that Abedin , wife of former U.S . representative Anthony Weiner , who had access to sensitive national security and policy information , has three family members–her late father , her mother and her brother–connected to Muslim Brotherhood operatives and/or organizations , as backed up by a study by the Center for Security Policy . The letter and the Center for Security Policys accusation were widely denounced as a smear , and achieved near-universal condemnation , including from several prominent Republicans such as John McCain , John Boehner , Scott Brown , and Marco Rubio . Gohmert and his colleagues were praised by Newt Gingrich as the National Security Five in an editorial on the Politico website . Gingrich expressed he favors investigating the Muslim Brotherhood , and made clear his support to Gohmert and the other four state-elected representatives for raising concerns that improve national security . Conservative columnist Cal Thomas replied , to accusations of McCarthyism , that the real possibility of infiltration by Islamic extremists deserves to be investigated . Comments on Robert Mueller . Representative Gohmert was one of three Republicans who called for the resignation of Robert Mueller , the prosecutor investigating Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election , on the grounds that they believe Mueller can not conduct his investigation fairly because of his relationship with James Comey , his successor at the bureau . As of March 2016 , [ s ] ix people connected to President Trump have been charged by the special counsel with an array of crimes , including financial fraud and lying to Congress and investigators . Five have been convicted or pleaded guilty . Twenty-eight others , including 26 Russians , also face charges . However , Mueller did not exonerate Trump on the issue of obstruction – a fact he reiterated during the House Judiciary Committee hearing . In a June 2019 interview with Politico , Gohmert referred to Mueller as an anal opening . Comments on George Soros . In December 2018 , Gohmert was a guest on Varney & Co. , on Fox Business News discussing Googles work in China , when Gohmert digressed from the topic to say that it reminded him that George Soros is supposed to be Jewish , but you wouldnt know it from the damage hes inflicted on Israel , and the fact that he turned on fellow Jews and helped take the property that they owned . This same kind of thing — Google coming from a free country and helping oppress . The allegation was criticized by NBC News for allegedly denigrating Soross surviving the Holocaust . Within an hour , host Stuart Varney said on air , In the last hour , one of our guests , Congressman Louie Gohmert , for some reason went out of his way to bring up George Soros , and made unsubstantiated and false allegations against him . I want to make clear those views are not shared by me , this program or anyone at Fox Business . Gohmert later responded that his words had not been anti-Jewish and were actually a pro-Jewish statement on my part . Whistleblower outing . In an open impeachment hearing of the U.S . House of Representatives Judiciary Committee , Gohmert spoke the name of a man widely thought to be the whistleblower whose complaint sparked the first impeachment of Donald Trump . Texas v . Pennsylvania . In December 2020 , Gohmert was one of 126 Republican members of the House of Representatives who signed an amicus brief in support of Texas v . Pennsylvania , a lawsuit filed at the United States Supreme Court contesting the results of the 2020 presidential election , in which Joe Biden prevailed over incumbent Donald Trump . The Supreme Court declined to hear the case on the basis that Texas lacked standing under Article III of the Constitution to challenge the results of the election held by another state . House Speaker Nancy Pelosi issued a statement that called signing the amicus brief an act of election subversion . Additionally , Pelosi reprimanded Gohmert and the other House members who supported the lawsuit : The 126 Republican Members that signed onto this lawsuit brought dishonor to the House . Instead of upholding their oath to support and defend the Constitution , they chose to subvert the Constitution and undermine public trust in our sacred democratic institutions . New Jersey Representative Bill Pascrell , citing section three of the 14th Amendment , called for Pelosi to not seat Gohmert and the other Republicans who signed the brief supporting the suit . Pascrell argued that the text of the 14th Amendment expressly forbids Members of Congress from engaging in rebellion against the United States . Trying to overturn a democratic election and install a dictator seems like a pretty clear example of that . Gohmert v . Pence . On December 27 , 2020 , Gohmert filed a federal lawsuit against Vice President Mike Pence in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas , in an attempt to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election result of a Joe Biden victory over Donald Trump . Gohmerts lawsuit alleged that the Electoral Count Act of 1887 was unconstitutional , seeking to grant the Vice President the power to reject state-certified presidential electors in favour of competing slates of electors . Gohmert was joined in his lawsuit by 11 Arizonian Republicans who would have become presidential electors had Trump actually won Arizona . The United States Department of Justice represented Pence in this case , and argued for its dismissal . On January 1 , 2021 , Gohmerts lawsuit was dismissed by federal judge Jeremy Kernodle , a Trump appointee in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas , because the plaintiffs lacked standing . Kernodle ruled that Gohmert lacked standing due to precedent set by the Supreme Court in 1997 : alleging an institutional injury to the House of Representatives does not grant Gohmert standing to sue . Additionally , Kernodle ruled that the injury Gohmert was alleging depended on too many hypothetical and not yet realized events that it was far too uncertain to support standing . Gohmert failed to make a case on how he was injured as an individual , noted Kernodle . As for the other plaintiffs , Kernodle ruled that they lacked standing because the injury they alleged was not fairly traceable to the Vice President whom they were suing . Gohmert appealed the district courts ruling that day . He also reacted to the dismissal by declaring that with no remedy provided , in effect the ruling would be that you gotta go to the streets and be as violent as Antifa and BLM . On January 2 , a three-judge panel on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit speedily and tersely rejected Gohmerts appeal ; they affirm the judgment of the district court , essentially for the reasons stated by the district court . The judges who presided over the appeal were Andy Oldham ( appointed by Trump ) , Patrick Higginbotham and Jerry Edwin Smith ( both appointed by Republican president Ronald Reagan ) . Gohmert then appealed to the Supreme Court , which on January 7 also tersely rejected his petition as denied . Personal life . Gohmert attends Green Acres Baptist Church in Tyler , where he has served as a deacon and teaches Sunday school . Gohmert is a Southern Baptist . He and his wife Kathy have three daughters . |
[
"Texas A&M University"
] | easy | Louie Gohmert went to which school in 1971? | /wiki/Louie_Gohmert#P69#1 | Louie Gohmert Louis Louie Buller Gohmert Jr . ( ; born August 18 , 1953 ) is an American attorney and former judge currently serving as the U.S . Representative from Texass 1st congressional district since 2005 . Gohmert is a Republican and is part of the Tea Party movement . In January 2015 , he unsuccessfully challenged John Boehner for the position of Speaker of the House of Representatives . Early life and education . Gohmert was born in Pittsburg , Texas , the son of German Texan architect Louis Buller Gohmert ( 1926–2021 ) and his first wife Mary Sue ( née Brooks ) . Gohmert was raised in Mount Pleasant , Texas , where he graduated from Mount Pleasant High School in 1971 . He enrolled in Texas A&M University , receiving U.S . Army scholarship and earning a B.A . in history in 1975 . Gohmert commanded a cadet brigade in the Corps of Cadets and served as class president . He was also a student leader for the MSC Student Conference on National Affairs alongside future fellow Congressman Chet Edwards , and a member of the Ross Volunteer Company . Gohmert received a Juris Doctor degree from Baylor Law School in Waco , Texas , in 1977 . Early political career . Gohmert attended The JAG School at the University of Virginia and entered U.S . Army JAG Corps . He served in the JAG Corps at Fort Benning , Georgia , from 1978–82 . The majority of his legal service in the U.S . Army was as a defense attorney . Gohmert was elected as a state district judge for Texass 7th Judicial District , serving Smith County ( Tyler , Texas ) from 1992 to 2002 . He was elected to three terms . He first saw national recognition for a 1996 probation requirement where he ordered an HIV positive man , who was convicted on motor vehicle theft charges , to seek the written consent from all future sexual partners on a court provided form notifying them of his HIV status . The order angered LGBT activists and civil libertarians . In 2002 , Gohmert was appointed by Texas Governor Rick Perry to fill a vacancy as Chief Justice on Texass 12th Court of Appeals , where he served a six-month term , which ended in 2003 . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . A mid-decade redistricting made the 1st District significantly more conservative than its predecessor . Tyler , which had long anchored the 4th District , was shifted to the 1st District . In the 2004 Republican primary , Gohmert defeated State Representative Wayne Christian of Center , Texas . He defeated Democratic incumbent 1st District Congressman Max Sandlin in a landslide with 61% of the vote . He has never again faced another contest that close , and has been reelected seven times , never dropping below 68 percent of the vote . He only faced an independent in 2008 , and a Libertarian in 2010 . Gohmert handily won his seventh term in the general election held on November 8 , 2016 . With 192,434 votes ( 73.9% ) , he defeated Democrat Shirley J . McKellar , who polled 62,847 ballots ( 24.1% ) . Libertarian Phil Gray polled 5,062 votes ( 1.9% ) . Tenure . On July 29 , 2009 , Gohmert signed on as a co-sponsor of the defeated H.R . 1503 . This bill would have amended the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to require the principal campaign committee of a candidate for election to the office of president to include with the committees statement of organization a copy of the candidates birth certificate , together with such other documentation as may be necessary to establish that the candidate meets the qualifications for eligibility to the office of president under the Constitution . Gohmert stated in a House Judiciary Hearing on May 15 , 2013 , that he believed the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) did not act with due diligence concerning alleged bomber Tamerlan Tsarnaev . His contention was that the FBI was more interested in Christian groups such as those led by Billy and Franklin Graham than in groups that might be considered less politically correct to target . Attorney General Eric Holder responded to his claims : The only observation I was going to make is that you state as a matter of fact what the FBI did and did not do . Unless somebody has done something inappropriate , you dont have access to the FBI files .. . I know what the FBI did . You cannot know what I know . Thats all . Gohmert objected to this on the grounds that Holder had challenge [ d ] his character and made several unsuccessful attempts to inject his viewpoint as a point of personal privilege . On January 3 , 2013 , Gohmert broke ranks with the House leadership to nominate outspoken Florida Representative Allen West for Speaker of the House , although West narrowly lost his bid for re-election in November 2012 , and was no longer a member of Congress . Although he had previously ruled out the possibility of a bid for the U.S . Senate , in 2013 he was boosted by at least one tea party group ( Grassroots America We the People ) as a primary challenger to current Republican Senator John Cornyn . A vocal critic of House speaker John Boehner , Gohmert challenged his re-election to the speakership for the 114th Congress when Congress convened on January 6 , 2015 . Boehner was re-elected , even though 25 Freedom Caucus Republicans chose not to vote for himGohmert received 3 of those votes . In 2017 , Gohmert expressed fear that he might become the target of gun violence similar to that experienced by former Congresswoman Gabby Giffords and refused to hold public town hall meetings . In April 2018 , Gohmert testified at a hearing supporting Derrick Miller , a former US Army National Guardsman Sergeant who was sentenced to life in prison with the chance of parole for the premeditated murder of an Afghan civilian during a battlefield interrogation . In December 2020 , Gohmert signed an amicus brief before the United States Supreme Court in Texas v . Pennsylvania , et al. , which sought to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election results ; see longer discussion below . Later the same month , Gohmert and several other plaintiffs filed a lawsuit in federal district court against Vice President Mike Pence , seeking to overturn parts of the federal Electoral Count Act and prevent electoral votes for President-Elect Joe Biden from being counted in Congress . See longer discussion below . Gohmert was one of the 147 congressmen who voted to overturn the results of the 2020 US presidential election in Congress on January 7 , 2021 , the day after the storming of the US Capitol . Fiscal policy . Gohmert has signed the Americans for Tax Reforms Taxpayer Protection Pledge . He offered an alternative plan to kick-start the economy with his tax holiday bill that would allow taxpayers to be exempt for two months from having federal income tax taken out of their paychecks . He was one of a number of Republicans who voted against the Budget Control Act of 2011 on grounds it did not do enough to deal with the governments growing debt . Gohmert was one of four Republicans who joined 161 Democrats to vote against a balanced budget Constitutional amendment in November 2011 . Gohmert supports and has voted for legislation in favor of school vouchers . Gohmert strongly supported the Baseline Reform Act of 2013 ( H.R . 1871 ; 113th Congress ) , a bill that would change the way in which discretionary appropriations for individual accounts are projected in the Congressional Budget Offices baseline . Under H.R . 1871 , projections of such spending would still be based on the current years appropriations , but would not be adjusted for inflation going forward . Gohmert said that conservatives have advocated for years that there should be no automatic spending increases in any federal departments budget .. . that has been a trap so when we simply slow the rate of increase , we are accused of making draconian cuts . He argued the legislation would make clearer what is an increase and what is a cut , put the government in the same situation as American families , and help with the task of getting the debt under control . Climate change and the environment . Gohmert rejects the scientific consensus on climate change and has asserted that data supporting it is fraudulent . He opposes cap-and-trade legislation , such as the one that was passed in the U.S . House when it had a Democratic majority , and supports expanding drilling , and exploration in Arctic National Wildlife Refuge ( ANWR ) . In an interview on the C-SPAN program Washington Journal on July 8 , 2015 , after Pope Francis issued his second encyclical Laudato si , Gohmert said the Pope was incorrect in identifying climate change as a serious problem . Gohmert supported the U . S . withdrawal from the Paris Agreement . In a 2012 meeting of the House Natural Resources Committee , Gohmert stated his strong support of a trans-Alaskan pipeline , as a means for caribou to have more sex . According to Gohmert , When [ the caribou ] want to go on a date , they invite each other to head over to the pipeline . So [ his ] real concern now [ is ] .. . if oil stops running through the pipeline .. . do we need a study to see how adversely the caribou would be affected if that warm oil ever quit flowing ? Gohmerts comments were not favorably received by the rest of the committee . Social policy . Gohmert opposes abortion . He has stated that he believes that life begins at conception . Gohmert sponsored the Sanctity of Human Life Act . Gohmert voted for the Child Interstate Abortion Notification Act , a bill that prohibits the transportation of a minor across state lines for the purposes of an abortion without the consent of the minors parents . He has a 100% pro-life voting record rating from the National Right to Life Committee ( NRLC ) . At a congressional hearing on May 23 , 2013 , on an abortion bill that would ban the procedure after 20 weeks of pregnancy , Gohmert told the story of another couple he knew that decided to go through with their pregnancy despite learning of fetal anomalies . He told Zink , a woman witness , that she should have gone through with her pregnancy despite some doctors opinion that the brain function was impaired , and then have a better assessment of the babys health once it was born . Gohmert explained : Ms . Zink , having my great sympathy and empathy both , I still come back wondering , shouldnt we wait , like that couple did , and see if the child can survive before we decide to rip him apart ? .. . So these are ethical issues , theyre moral issues , theyre difficult issues , and the parents should certainly be consulted . But it just seems like , its a more educated decision if the child is in front of you to make those decisions , Gohmert said . Gohmert opposes LGBT rights . In 2009 , he voted against the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr . Hate Crimes Prevention Act , a bill that expanded the federal hate crime law to cover crimes biased by the victims sexual orientation or gender identity . In 2010 , Gohmert opposed allowing gays and lesbians to serve in the U.S . military and voted against the Dont Ask , Dont Tell Repeal Act . In 2019 , Gohmert expressed his strong opposition to the Equality Act , a bill that would protect LGBT people against discrimination . On December 16 , 2012 , two days after the Sandy Hook shootings , Gohmert appeared on Fox News Sunday and suggested that the tragedy would have never happened had the teachers been armed . He told host Chris Wallace , I wish to God that she [ principal Dawn L . Hochsprung ] had an M4 in her office , locked up so when she heard gunfire , she pulls it out.. . and takes him out and takes his head off before he can kill those precious kids . He claimed that the 20 victims who had been killed with a Bushmaster semi-automatic rifle had defensive wounds . On March 22 , 2016 , Gohmert was one of only 4 representatives to vote against H.R . 4742 ( 383 voted for the act ) . H.R . 4742 is a bill to authorize the National Science Foundation to support entrepreneurial programs for women . Gohmert gave the following quotes in defense of his position : Gohmert acknowledged that the bill was well intentioned , but said that this program is designed to discriminate against that young , poverty-stricken boy and to encourage the girl . Forget the boy . Encourage the girl . In December 2018 , with the possibility of a government shutdown that month looming , the House passed a bill funding the government through February and providing $5.7 billion for the border wall between the United States and Mexico favored by President Trump hours after he told House Republican leaders that he would not sign a package passed in the Senate due to it not providing money for the barrier . After the shutdown commenced , Gohmert was asked by Griff Jenkins how long President Trump should keep the government closed , Gohmert noting that it was only a fourth of the government that was shutdown as Congress had already approved other portions of the funding through September 2019 and answered that Trump should keep it closed till hell freezes over as Congress owed Americans border security . Gohmert added that the most compassionate thing the US could do for Mexico and Central America was to not bestow either country with money that ends up in the hands of drug cartels . In a later statement , Gohmert said , It is simply outrageous that people who live behind walls , gated communities , have armed body guards and lead the Democrat Party , like millionaire Speaker Pelosi , would deny the American public the simple right to be safe from dangerous criminal elements included in the groups pouring illegally into our country . On February 26 , 2020 , Gohmert voted against making lynching a federal hate crime . He said the 10-year sentence for lynching stated in the act was ridiculous , and that crimes such as lynching should be prosecuted through state murder statutes , which is punishable up to death in Texas . Gohmert opposes federal hate crime legislation , saying that some hate crime legislation is unnecessary because assault and murder are already crimes . COVID-19 . Although evidence of its effectiveness is lacking , Gohmert strongly supports the use of hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 , as he told Sean Hannity of Fox News in July 2020 . He urged the Food and Drug Administration in April 2020 to approve the drug as an official treatment . In April 2020 , Gohmert was criticized after falsely claiming that Germany had invented a mist that killed the coronavirus . Gohmert tested positive for COVID-19 on July 29 , 2020 , a day after he attended a House Judiciary Committee hearing without wearing a mask , a practice he had largely maintained for some time . In an interview , Gohmert suggested that he might have contracted the disease from wearing a mask . An anonymous Gohmert aide emailed Politico with complaints , thanking Politico for letting the office know Gohmert tested positive ; that Louie requires full staff to be in the office , including three interns , so that we could be an example to America on how to open up safely ; and that people were often berated for wearing a mask . Gohmert stated he planned to take hydroxychloroquine as part of his treatment . On September 19 , Gohmert was reported to be glad to be on the other side and to have donated his blood plasma ( presumably for use in convalescent plasma therapy ) . Committee assignments . Committee on the Judiciary - Subcommittee on the Constitution and Civil Justice - Subcommittee on Crime , Terrorism , Homeland Security , and Investigations ( Vice Chair ) Committee on Natural Resources ( Vice Chair ) - Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources - Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations Caucus memberships . - Freedom Caucus - Israel Allies Caucus - United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus - Tea Party Caucus - Republican Study Committee - Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus - Congressional Western Caucus Controversies . Terror babies . In a speech about national security made on the House floor in June 2010 , Gohmert claimed that a retired FBI agent had told him that one of the things the FBI had been looking at were terrorist cells overseas sending young women to become pregnant so they would deliver the baby in the United States , and then take the baby with them back to be raised as a terrorist . When adult , this operative—a U.S . citizen by birth—could be easily infiltrated in the U.S . to carry out terrorist actions . On August 12 , 2010 , Gohmert appeared on Anderson Cooper 360° to defend comments he had recently made on the floor of the House regarding terror babies . On Fox Business News , Gohmert later claimed that an airline passenger with a relative in Hamas had a grandchild who was to be intentionally born in the United States . In the interview , Gohmert asserted that pregnant women from the Middle East are traveling to the U.S . on tourist visas , planning to deliver the child there . The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution states that children born on U.S . soil are U.S . citizens at birth . Gohmert asserted that the child would then be returned to the mothers home country and be submitted to a life of terrorist training . When repeatedly asked by the host for any evidence of this , Gohmert did not provide substantiation for either the ex-FBI agent story or the airline passenger story , but he did refer to a Washington Post article that said Chinese tourists sometimes travel to the U.S . to give birth in the U.S . Gohmert said this practice takes advantage of a gaping hole in the security of our country . Muslim Brotherhood . On June 13 , 2012 , Gohmert was one of five Republican United States representatives ( including Michele Bachmann , Trent Franks , Tom Rooney , Lynn Westmoreland ) to send letters to the Inspectors General of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence , the Department of Defense , the Department of Homeland Security , the Department of Justice and the Department of State outlining their serious national security concerns , and asking for answers to questions regarding the Muslim Brotherhood and other radical groups access to top Obama administration officials . In the letter , Gohmert and the other U.S . lawmakers wrote about information they claim raises serious questions about Department of State policies and activities that appear to be a result of influence operations conducted by individuals and organizations associated with the Muslim Brotherhood . One of the letters in particular to Ambassador Harold W . Geisel , the Deputy Inspector General of the United States Department of State , mentioned the Deputy Chief of Staff to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton , Huma Abedin , as an example of the undue influence . The letter said that Abedin , wife of former U.S . representative Anthony Weiner , who had access to sensitive national security and policy information , has three family members–her late father , her mother and her brother–connected to Muslim Brotherhood operatives and/or organizations , as backed up by a study by the Center for Security Policy . The letter and the Center for Security Policys accusation were widely denounced as a smear , and achieved near-universal condemnation , including from several prominent Republicans such as John McCain , John Boehner , Scott Brown , and Marco Rubio . Gohmert and his colleagues were praised by Newt Gingrich as the National Security Five in an editorial on the Politico website . Gingrich expressed he favors investigating the Muslim Brotherhood , and made clear his support to Gohmert and the other four state-elected representatives for raising concerns that improve national security . Conservative columnist Cal Thomas replied , to accusations of McCarthyism , that the real possibility of infiltration by Islamic extremists deserves to be investigated . Comments on Robert Mueller . Representative Gohmert was one of three Republicans who called for the resignation of Robert Mueller , the prosecutor investigating Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election , on the grounds that they believe Mueller can not conduct his investigation fairly because of his relationship with James Comey , his successor at the bureau . As of March 2016 , [ s ] ix people connected to President Trump have been charged by the special counsel with an array of crimes , including financial fraud and lying to Congress and investigators . Five have been convicted or pleaded guilty . Twenty-eight others , including 26 Russians , also face charges . However , Mueller did not exonerate Trump on the issue of obstruction – a fact he reiterated during the House Judiciary Committee hearing . In a June 2019 interview with Politico , Gohmert referred to Mueller as an anal opening . Comments on George Soros . In December 2018 , Gohmert was a guest on Varney & Co. , on Fox Business News discussing Googles work in China , when Gohmert digressed from the topic to say that it reminded him that George Soros is supposed to be Jewish , but you wouldnt know it from the damage hes inflicted on Israel , and the fact that he turned on fellow Jews and helped take the property that they owned . This same kind of thing — Google coming from a free country and helping oppress . The allegation was criticized by NBC News for allegedly denigrating Soross surviving the Holocaust . Within an hour , host Stuart Varney said on air , In the last hour , one of our guests , Congressman Louie Gohmert , for some reason went out of his way to bring up George Soros , and made unsubstantiated and false allegations against him . I want to make clear those views are not shared by me , this program or anyone at Fox Business . Gohmert later responded that his words had not been anti-Jewish and were actually a pro-Jewish statement on my part . Whistleblower outing . In an open impeachment hearing of the U.S . House of Representatives Judiciary Committee , Gohmert spoke the name of a man widely thought to be the whistleblower whose complaint sparked the first impeachment of Donald Trump . Texas v . Pennsylvania . In December 2020 , Gohmert was one of 126 Republican members of the House of Representatives who signed an amicus brief in support of Texas v . Pennsylvania , a lawsuit filed at the United States Supreme Court contesting the results of the 2020 presidential election , in which Joe Biden prevailed over incumbent Donald Trump . The Supreme Court declined to hear the case on the basis that Texas lacked standing under Article III of the Constitution to challenge the results of the election held by another state . House Speaker Nancy Pelosi issued a statement that called signing the amicus brief an act of election subversion . Additionally , Pelosi reprimanded Gohmert and the other House members who supported the lawsuit : The 126 Republican Members that signed onto this lawsuit brought dishonor to the House . Instead of upholding their oath to support and defend the Constitution , they chose to subvert the Constitution and undermine public trust in our sacred democratic institutions . New Jersey Representative Bill Pascrell , citing section three of the 14th Amendment , called for Pelosi to not seat Gohmert and the other Republicans who signed the brief supporting the suit . Pascrell argued that the text of the 14th Amendment expressly forbids Members of Congress from engaging in rebellion against the United States . Trying to overturn a democratic election and install a dictator seems like a pretty clear example of that . Gohmert v . Pence . On December 27 , 2020 , Gohmert filed a federal lawsuit against Vice President Mike Pence in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas , in an attempt to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election result of a Joe Biden victory over Donald Trump . Gohmerts lawsuit alleged that the Electoral Count Act of 1887 was unconstitutional , seeking to grant the Vice President the power to reject state-certified presidential electors in favour of competing slates of electors . Gohmert was joined in his lawsuit by 11 Arizonian Republicans who would have become presidential electors had Trump actually won Arizona . The United States Department of Justice represented Pence in this case , and argued for its dismissal . On January 1 , 2021 , Gohmerts lawsuit was dismissed by federal judge Jeremy Kernodle , a Trump appointee in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas , because the plaintiffs lacked standing . Kernodle ruled that Gohmert lacked standing due to precedent set by the Supreme Court in 1997 : alleging an institutional injury to the House of Representatives does not grant Gohmert standing to sue . Additionally , Kernodle ruled that the injury Gohmert was alleging depended on too many hypothetical and not yet realized events that it was far too uncertain to support standing . Gohmert failed to make a case on how he was injured as an individual , noted Kernodle . As for the other plaintiffs , Kernodle ruled that they lacked standing because the injury they alleged was not fairly traceable to the Vice President whom they were suing . Gohmert appealed the district courts ruling that day . He also reacted to the dismissal by declaring that with no remedy provided , in effect the ruling would be that you gotta go to the streets and be as violent as Antifa and BLM . On January 2 , a three-judge panel on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit speedily and tersely rejected Gohmerts appeal ; they affirm the judgment of the district court , essentially for the reasons stated by the district court . The judges who presided over the appeal were Andy Oldham ( appointed by Trump ) , Patrick Higginbotham and Jerry Edwin Smith ( both appointed by Republican president Ronald Reagan ) . Gohmert then appealed to the Supreme Court , which on January 7 also tersely rejected his petition as denied . Personal life . Gohmert attends Green Acres Baptist Church in Tyler , where he has served as a deacon and teaches Sunday school . Gohmert is a Southern Baptist . He and his wife Kathy have three daughters . |
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"Baylor Law School"
] | easy | Which school did Louie Gohmert go to from 1975 to 1977? | /wiki/Louie_Gohmert#P69#2 | Louie Gohmert Louis Louie Buller Gohmert Jr . ( ; born August 18 , 1953 ) is an American attorney and former judge currently serving as the U.S . Representative from Texass 1st congressional district since 2005 . Gohmert is a Republican and is part of the Tea Party movement . In January 2015 , he unsuccessfully challenged John Boehner for the position of Speaker of the House of Representatives . Early life and education . Gohmert was born in Pittsburg , Texas , the son of German Texan architect Louis Buller Gohmert ( 1926–2021 ) and his first wife Mary Sue ( née Brooks ) . Gohmert was raised in Mount Pleasant , Texas , where he graduated from Mount Pleasant High School in 1971 . He enrolled in Texas A&M University , receiving U.S . Army scholarship and earning a B.A . in history in 1975 . Gohmert commanded a cadet brigade in the Corps of Cadets and served as class president . He was also a student leader for the MSC Student Conference on National Affairs alongside future fellow Congressman Chet Edwards , and a member of the Ross Volunteer Company . Gohmert received a Juris Doctor degree from Baylor Law School in Waco , Texas , in 1977 . Early political career . Gohmert attended The JAG School at the University of Virginia and entered U.S . Army JAG Corps . He served in the JAG Corps at Fort Benning , Georgia , from 1978–82 . The majority of his legal service in the U.S . Army was as a defense attorney . Gohmert was elected as a state district judge for Texass 7th Judicial District , serving Smith County ( Tyler , Texas ) from 1992 to 2002 . He was elected to three terms . He first saw national recognition for a 1996 probation requirement where he ordered an HIV positive man , who was convicted on motor vehicle theft charges , to seek the written consent from all future sexual partners on a court provided form notifying them of his HIV status . The order angered LGBT activists and civil libertarians . In 2002 , Gohmert was appointed by Texas Governor Rick Perry to fill a vacancy as Chief Justice on Texass 12th Court of Appeals , where he served a six-month term , which ended in 2003 . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . A mid-decade redistricting made the 1st District significantly more conservative than its predecessor . Tyler , which had long anchored the 4th District , was shifted to the 1st District . In the 2004 Republican primary , Gohmert defeated State Representative Wayne Christian of Center , Texas . He defeated Democratic incumbent 1st District Congressman Max Sandlin in a landslide with 61% of the vote . He has never again faced another contest that close , and has been reelected seven times , never dropping below 68 percent of the vote . He only faced an independent in 2008 , and a Libertarian in 2010 . Gohmert handily won his seventh term in the general election held on November 8 , 2016 . With 192,434 votes ( 73.9% ) , he defeated Democrat Shirley J . McKellar , who polled 62,847 ballots ( 24.1% ) . Libertarian Phil Gray polled 5,062 votes ( 1.9% ) . Tenure . On July 29 , 2009 , Gohmert signed on as a co-sponsor of the defeated H.R . 1503 . This bill would have amended the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to require the principal campaign committee of a candidate for election to the office of president to include with the committees statement of organization a copy of the candidates birth certificate , together with such other documentation as may be necessary to establish that the candidate meets the qualifications for eligibility to the office of president under the Constitution . Gohmert stated in a House Judiciary Hearing on May 15 , 2013 , that he believed the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) did not act with due diligence concerning alleged bomber Tamerlan Tsarnaev . His contention was that the FBI was more interested in Christian groups such as those led by Billy and Franklin Graham than in groups that might be considered less politically correct to target . Attorney General Eric Holder responded to his claims : The only observation I was going to make is that you state as a matter of fact what the FBI did and did not do . Unless somebody has done something inappropriate , you dont have access to the FBI files .. . I know what the FBI did . You cannot know what I know . Thats all . Gohmert objected to this on the grounds that Holder had challenge [ d ] his character and made several unsuccessful attempts to inject his viewpoint as a point of personal privilege . On January 3 , 2013 , Gohmert broke ranks with the House leadership to nominate outspoken Florida Representative Allen West for Speaker of the House , although West narrowly lost his bid for re-election in November 2012 , and was no longer a member of Congress . Although he had previously ruled out the possibility of a bid for the U.S . Senate , in 2013 he was boosted by at least one tea party group ( Grassroots America We the People ) as a primary challenger to current Republican Senator John Cornyn . A vocal critic of House speaker John Boehner , Gohmert challenged his re-election to the speakership for the 114th Congress when Congress convened on January 6 , 2015 . Boehner was re-elected , even though 25 Freedom Caucus Republicans chose not to vote for himGohmert received 3 of those votes . In 2017 , Gohmert expressed fear that he might become the target of gun violence similar to that experienced by former Congresswoman Gabby Giffords and refused to hold public town hall meetings . In April 2018 , Gohmert testified at a hearing supporting Derrick Miller , a former US Army National Guardsman Sergeant who was sentenced to life in prison with the chance of parole for the premeditated murder of an Afghan civilian during a battlefield interrogation . In December 2020 , Gohmert signed an amicus brief before the United States Supreme Court in Texas v . Pennsylvania , et al. , which sought to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election results ; see longer discussion below . Later the same month , Gohmert and several other plaintiffs filed a lawsuit in federal district court against Vice President Mike Pence , seeking to overturn parts of the federal Electoral Count Act and prevent electoral votes for President-Elect Joe Biden from being counted in Congress . See longer discussion below . Gohmert was one of the 147 congressmen who voted to overturn the results of the 2020 US presidential election in Congress on January 7 , 2021 , the day after the storming of the US Capitol . Fiscal policy . Gohmert has signed the Americans for Tax Reforms Taxpayer Protection Pledge . He offered an alternative plan to kick-start the economy with his tax holiday bill that would allow taxpayers to be exempt for two months from having federal income tax taken out of their paychecks . He was one of a number of Republicans who voted against the Budget Control Act of 2011 on grounds it did not do enough to deal with the governments growing debt . Gohmert was one of four Republicans who joined 161 Democrats to vote against a balanced budget Constitutional amendment in November 2011 . Gohmert supports and has voted for legislation in favor of school vouchers . Gohmert strongly supported the Baseline Reform Act of 2013 ( H.R . 1871 ; 113th Congress ) , a bill that would change the way in which discretionary appropriations for individual accounts are projected in the Congressional Budget Offices baseline . Under H.R . 1871 , projections of such spending would still be based on the current years appropriations , but would not be adjusted for inflation going forward . Gohmert said that conservatives have advocated for years that there should be no automatic spending increases in any federal departments budget .. . that has been a trap so when we simply slow the rate of increase , we are accused of making draconian cuts . He argued the legislation would make clearer what is an increase and what is a cut , put the government in the same situation as American families , and help with the task of getting the debt under control . Climate change and the environment . Gohmert rejects the scientific consensus on climate change and has asserted that data supporting it is fraudulent . He opposes cap-and-trade legislation , such as the one that was passed in the U.S . House when it had a Democratic majority , and supports expanding drilling , and exploration in Arctic National Wildlife Refuge ( ANWR ) . In an interview on the C-SPAN program Washington Journal on July 8 , 2015 , after Pope Francis issued his second encyclical Laudato si , Gohmert said the Pope was incorrect in identifying climate change as a serious problem . Gohmert supported the U . S . withdrawal from the Paris Agreement . In a 2012 meeting of the House Natural Resources Committee , Gohmert stated his strong support of a trans-Alaskan pipeline , as a means for caribou to have more sex . According to Gohmert , When [ the caribou ] want to go on a date , they invite each other to head over to the pipeline . So [ his ] real concern now [ is ] .. . if oil stops running through the pipeline .. . do we need a study to see how adversely the caribou would be affected if that warm oil ever quit flowing ? Gohmerts comments were not favorably received by the rest of the committee . Social policy . Gohmert opposes abortion . He has stated that he believes that life begins at conception . Gohmert sponsored the Sanctity of Human Life Act . Gohmert voted for the Child Interstate Abortion Notification Act , a bill that prohibits the transportation of a minor across state lines for the purposes of an abortion without the consent of the minors parents . He has a 100% pro-life voting record rating from the National Right to Life Committee ( NRLC ) . At a congressional hearing on May 23 , 2013 , on an abortion bill that would ban the procedure after 20 weeks of pregnancy , Gohmert told the story of another couple he knew that decided to go through with their pregnancy despite learning of fetal anomalies . He told Zink , a woman witness , that she should have gone through with her pregnancy despite some doctors opinion that the brain function was impaired , and then have a better assessment of the babys health once it was born . Gohmert explained : Ms . Zink , having my great sympathy and empathy both , I still come back wondering , shouldnt we wait , like that couple did , and see if the child can survive before we decide to rip him apart ? .. . So these are ethical issues , theyre moral issues , theyre difficult issues , and the parents should certainly be consulted . But it just seems like , its a more educated decision if the child is in front of you to make those decisions , Gohmert said . Gohmert opposes LGBT rights . In 2009 , he voted against the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr . Hate Crimes Prevention Act , a bill that expanded the federal hate crime law to cover crimes biased by the victims sexual orientation or gender identity . In 2010 , Gohmert opposed allowing gays and lesbians to serve in the U.S . military and voted against the Dont Ask , Dont Tell Repeal Act . In 2019 , Gohmert expressed his strong opposition to the Equality Act , a bill that would protect LGBT people against discrimination . On December 16 , 2012 , two days after the Sandy Hook shootings , Gohmert appeared on Fox News Sunday and suggested that the tragedy would have never happened had the teachers been armed . He told host Chris Wallace , I wish to God that she [ principal Dawn L . Hochsprung ] had an M4 in her office , locked up so when she heard gunfire , she pulls it out.. . and takes him out and takes his head off before he can kill those precious kids . He claimed that the 20 victims who had been killed with a Bushmaster semi-automatic rifle had defensive wounds . On March 22 , 2016 , Gohmert was one of only 4 representatives to vote against H.R . 4742 ( 383 voted for the act ) . H.R . 4742 is a bill to authorize the National Science Foundation to support entrepreneurial programs for women . Gohmert gave the following quotes in defense of his position : Gohmert acknowledged that the bill was well intentioned , but said that this program is designed to discriminate against that young , poverty-stricken boy and to encourage the girl . Forget the boy . Encourage the girl . In December 2018 , with the possibility of a government shutdown that month looming , the House passed a bill funding the government through February and providing $5.7 billion for the border wall between the United States and Mexico favored by President Trump hours after he told House Republican leaders that he would not sign a package passed in the Senate due to it not providing money for the barrier . After the shutdown commenced , Gohmert was asked by Griff Jenkins how long President Trump should keep the government closed , Gohmert noting that it was only a fourth of the government that was shutdown as Congress had already approved other portions of the funding through September 2019 and answered that Trump should keep it closed till hell freezes over as Congress owed Americans border security . Gohmert added that the most compassionate thing the US could do for Mexico and Central America was to not bestow either country with money that ends up in the hands of drug cartels . In a later statement , Gohmert said , It is simply outrageous that people who live behind walls , gated communities , have armed body guards and lead the Democrat Party , like millionaire Speaker Pelosi , would deny the American public the simple right to be safe from dangerous criminal elements included in the groups pouring illegally into our country . On February 26 , 2020 , Gohmert voted against making lynching a federal hate crime . He said the 10-year sentence for lynching stated in the act was ridiculous , and that crimes such as lynching should be prosecuted through state murder statutes , which is punishable up to death in Texas . Gohmert opposes federal hate crime legislation , saying that some hate crime legislation is unnecessary because assault and murder are already crimes . COVID-19 . Although evidence of its effectiveness is lacking , Gohmert strongly supports the use of hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 , as he told Sean Hannity of Fox News in July 2020 . He urged the Food and Drug Administration in April 2020 to approve the drug as an official treatment . In April 2020 , Gohmert was criticized after falsely claiming that Germany had invented a mist that killed the coronavirus . Gohmert tested positive for COVID-19 on July 29 , 2020 , a day after he attended a House Judiciary Committee hearing without wearing a mask , a practice he had largely maintained for some time . In an interview , Gohmert suggested that he might have contracted the disease from wearing a mask . An anonymous Gohmert aide emailed Politico with complaints , thanking Politico for letting the office know Gohmert tested positive ; that Louie requires full staff to be in the office , including three interns , so that we could be an example to America on how to open up safely ; and that people were often berated for wearing a mask . Gohmert stated he planned to take hydroxychloroquine as part of his treatment . On September 19 , Gohmert was reported to be glad to be on the other side and to have donated his blood plasma ( presumably for use in convalescent plasma therapy ) . Committee assignments . Committee on the Judiciary - Subcommittee on the Constitution and Civil Justice - Subcommittee on Crime , Terrorism , Homeland Security , and Investigations ( Vice Chair ) Committee on Natural Resources ( Vice Chair ) - Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources - Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations Caucus memberships . - Freedom Caucus - Israel Allies Caucus - United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus - Tea Party Caucus - Republican Study Committee - Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus - Congressional Western Caucus Controversies . Terror babies . In a speech about national security made on the House floor in June 2010 , Gohmert claimed that a retired FBI agent had told him that one of the things the FBI had been looking at were terrorist cells overseas sending young women to become pregnant so they would deliver the baby in the United States , and then take the baby with them back to be raised as a terrorist . When adult , this operative—a U.S . citizen by birth—could be easily infiltrated in the U.S . to carry out terrorist actions . On August 12 , 2010 , Gohmert appeared on Anderson Cooper 360° to defend comments he had recently made on the floor of the House regarding terror babies . On Fox Business News , Gohmert later claimed that an airline passenger with a relative in Hamas had a grandchild who was to be intentionally born in the United States . In the interview , Gohmert asserted that pregnant women from the Middle East are traveling to the U.S . on tourist visas , planning to deliver the child there . The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution states that children born on U.S . soil are U.S . citizens at birth . Gohmert asserted that the child would then be returned to the mothers home country and be submitted to a life of terrorist training . When repeatedly asked by the host for any evidence of this , Gohmert did not provide substantiation for either the ex-FBI agent story or the airline passenger story , but he did refer to a Washington Post article that said Chinese tourists sometimes travel to the U.S . to give birth in the U.S . Gohmert said this practice takes advantage of a gaping hole in the security of our country . Muslim Brotherhood . On June 13 , 2012 , Gohmert was one of five Republican United States representatives ( including Michele Bachmann , Trent Franks , Tom Rooney , Lynn Westmoreland ) to send letters to the Inspectors General of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence , the Department of Defense , the Department of Homeland Security , the Department of Justice and the Department of State outlining their serious national security concerns , and asking for answers to questions regarding the Muslim Brotherhood and other radical groups access to top Obama administration officials . In the letter , Gohmert and the other U.S . lawmakers wrote about information they claim raises serious questions about Department of State policies and activities that appear to be a result of influence operations conducted by individuals and organizations associated with the Muslim Brotherhood . One of the letters in particular to Ambassador Harold W . Geisel , the Deputy Inspector General of the United States Department of State , mentioned the Deputy Chief of Staff to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton , Huma Abedin , as an example of the undue influence . The letter said that Abedin , wife of former U.S . representative Anthony Weiner , who had access to sensitive national security and policy information , has three family members–her late father , her mother and her brother–connected to Muslim Brotherhood operatives and/or organizations , as backed up by a study by the Center for Security Policy . The letter and the Center for Security Policys accusation were widely denounced as a smear , and achieved near-universal condemnation , including from several prominent Republicans such as John McCain , John Boehner , Scott Brown , and Marco Rubio . Gohmert and his colleagues were praised by Newt Gingrich as the National Security Five in an editorial on the Politico website . Gingrich expressed he favors investigating the Muslim Brotherhood , and made clear his support to Gohmert and the other four state-elected representatives for raising concerns that improve national security . Conservative columnist Cal Thomas replied , to accusations of McCarthyism , that the real possibility of infiltration by Islamic extremists deserves to be investigated . Comments on Robert Mueller . Representative Gohmert was one of three Republicans who called for the resignation of Robert Mueller , the prosecutor investigating Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election , on the grounds that they believe Mueller can not conduct his investigation fairly because of his relationship with James Comey , his successor at the bureau . As of March 2016 , [ s ] ix people connected to President Trump have been charged by the special counsel with an array of crimes , including financial fraud and lying to Congress and investigators . Five have been convicted or pleaded guilty . Twenty-eight others , including 26 Russians , also face charges . However , Mueller did not exonerate Trump on the issue of obstruction – a fact he reiterated during the House Judiciary Committee hearing . In a June 2019 interview with Politico , Gohmert referred to Mueller as an anal opening . Comments on George Soros . In December 2018 , Gohmert was a guest on Varney & Co. , on Fox Business News discussing Googles work in China , when Gohmert digressed from the topic to say that it reminded him that George Soros is supposed to be Jewish , but you wouldnt know it from the damage hes inflicted on Israel , and the fact that he turned on fellow Jews and helped take the property that they owned . This same kind of thing — Google coming from a free country and helping oppress . The allegation was criticized by NBC News for allegedly denigrating Soross surviving the Holocaust . Within an hour , host Stuart Varney said on air , In the last hour , one of our guests , Congressman Louie Gohmert , for some reason went out of his way to bring up George Soros , and made unsubstantiated and false allegations against him . I want to make clear those views are not shared by me , this program or anyone at Fox Business . Gohmert later responded that his words had not been anti-Jewish and were actually a pro-Jewish statement on my part . Whistleblower outing . In an open impeachment hearing of the U.S . House of Representatives Judiciary Committee , Gohmert spoke the name of a man widely thought to be the whistleblower whose complaint sparked the first impeachment of Donald Trump . Texas v . Pennsylvania . In December 2020 , Gohmert was one of 126 Republican members of the House of Representatives who signed an amicus brief in support of Texas v . Pennsylvania , a lawsuit filed at the United States Supreme Court contesting the results of the 2020 presidential election , in which Joe Biden prevailed over incumbent Donald Trump . The Supreme Court declined to hear the case on the basis that Texas lacked standing under Article III of the Constitution to challenge the results of the election held by another state . House Speaker Nancy Pelosi issued a statement that called signing the amicus brief an act of election subversion . Additionally , Pelosi reprimanded Gohmert and the other House members who supported the lawsuit : The 126 Republican Members that signed onto this lawsuit brought dishonor to the House . Instead of upholding their oath to support and defend the Constitution , they chose to subvert the Constitution and undermine public trust in our sacred democratic institutions . New Jersey Representative Bill Pascrell , citing section three of the 14th Amendment , called for Pelosi to not seat Gohmert and the other Republicans who signed the brief supporting the suit . Pascrell argued that the text of the 14th Amendment expressly forbids Members of Congress from engaging in rebellion against the United States . Trying to overturn a democratic election and install a dictator seems like a pretty clear example of that . Gohmert v . Pence . On December 27 , 2020 , Gohmert filed a federal lawsuit against Vice President Mike Pence in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas , in an attempt to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election result of a Joe Biden victory over Donald Trump . Gohmerts lawsuit alleged that the Electoral Count Act of 1887 was unconstitutional , seeking to grant the Vice President the power to reject state-certified presidential electors in favour of competing slates of electors . Gohmert was joined in his lawsuit by 11 Arizonian Republicans who would have become presidential electors had Trump actually won Arizona . The United States Department of Justice represented Pence in this case , and argued for its dismissal . On January 1 , 2021 , Gohmerts lawsuit was dismissed by federal judge Jeremy Kernodle , a Trump appointee in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas , because the plaintiffs lacked standing . Kernodle ruled that Gohmert lacked standing due to precedent set by the Supreme Court in 1997 : alleging an institutional injury to the House of Representatives does not grant Gohmert standing to sue . Additionally , Kernodle ruled that the injury Gohmert was alleging depended on too many hypothetical and not yet realized events that it was far too uncertain to support standing . Gohmert failed to make a case on how he was injured as an individual , noted Kernodle . As for the other plaintiffs , Kernodle ruled that they lacked standing because the injury they alleged was not fairly traceable to the Vice President whom they were suing . Gohmert appealed the district courts ruling that day . He also reacted to the dismissal by declaring that with no remedy provided , in effect the ruling would be that you gotta go to the streets and be as violent as Antifa and BLM . On January 2 , a three-judge panel on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit speedily and tersely rejected Gohmerts appeal ; they affirm the judgment of the district court , essentially for the reasons stated by the district court . The judges who presided over the appeal were Andy Oldham ( appointed by Trump ) , Patrick Higginbotham and Jerry Edwin Smith ( both appointed by Republican president Ronald Reagan ) . Gohmert then appealed to the Supreme Court , which on January 7 also tersely rejected his petition as denied . Personal life . Gohmert attends Green Acres Baptist Church in Tyler , where he has served as a deacon and teaches Sunday school . Gohmert is a Southern Baptist . He and his wife Kathy have three daughters . |
[
"MP for Sunderland South"
] | easy | What position did Chris Mullin (politician) take from Jun 1987 to Mar 1992? | /wiki/Chris_Mullin_(politician)#P39#0 | Chris Mullin ( politician ) Christopher John Mullin ( born 12 December 1947 ) is a British journalist , author and Labour politician . As a journalist in the 1980s , Chris Mullin led a campaign that resulted in the release of the Birmingham Six , victims of a miscarriage of justice . Mullin is the author of four novels , including A Very British Coup ( 1982 ) , which was later adapted for television , and its sequel The Friends of Harry Perkins . Mullin is also a celebrated diarist . Mullin was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Sunderland South from 1987 until 2010 . In Parliament , he served as Chairman of the Home Affairs Select Committee and as a Minister in the Department for Environment , Transport and the Regions , the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and in the Department for International Development . Early life . Mullin is the son of a Scottish Protestant father and an Irish Catholic mother , both of whom worked for Marconi . Mullin was educated at St Josephs College , a Roman Catholic boarding independent school for boys ( now co-educational ) in the town of Ipswich in Suffolk , followed by the University of Hull , where he studied Law . He joined the Labour Party after his politics shifted leftward in response to the Vietnam War . Journalist and activist . Before being elected as an MP , Mullin was a journalist , training with the Daily Mirror . In this period Mullin travelled to Russia and China . From there , Mullins first main activity as a journalist came in the Vietnam War . He has been highly critical of the American strategy in Vietnam and has stated that he believes that the war , intended to stop the advance of Communism , instead only delayed the coming of market forces in the country . Mullin also reported from Cambodia in 1973 and 1980 . Birmingham Six . Mullin , working for the Granada current affairs programme World in Action , was pivotal in securing the release of the Birmingham Six , a long-standing miscarriage of justice . In 1985 , the first of several World in Action programmes casting doubt on the mens convictions was broadcast . In 1986 , Mullins book , Error of Judgment : The Truth About the Birmingham Pub Bombings , set out a detailed case supporting the mens claims that they were innocent . It included his claim to have met some of those who were actually responsible for the bombings . In March 1990 , ITV broadcast the Granada Television documentary drama , Who Bombed Birmingham? , which re-enacted the bombings and subsequent key events in Mullins campaign . Written by Rob Ritchie and directed by Mike Beckham , it featured John Hurt as Mullin , with Martin Shaw as World in Action producer Ian McBride , Ciaran Hinds as Richard McIlkenny , one of the Six , and Patrick Malahide as Michael Mansfield ( QC ) . It was repackaged for export as The Investigation – Inside a Terrorist Bombing , and first shown on American television on 22 April 1990 . Granadas BAFTA-nominated follow-up documentary after the release of the six men , World in Action Special : The Birmingham Six – Their Own Story , was telecast on 18 March 1991 . In 2019 , Mullin was criticised by the relatives of some of the victims of the attack for not naming IRA bombing suspects who he met whilst investigating the case in the 1980s . Mullin was called scum and a disgrace . Mullin has defended this decision on the grounds of journalistic ethics . He was quoted in The Guardian as having said : In order to track down the bombers , I had to give assurances not only to guilty but to innocent intermediaries that I would not , during their lifetime , disclose the names of those who cooperated . Had I not done so , no one would have cooperated . Bennism and Tribune . Mullin edited two collections of Tony Benns speeches and writings , Arguments for Socialism ( 1979 ) and Arguments for Democracy ( 1981 ) , and , as editor of the pro-Labour weekly Tribune from 1982 to 1984 , provided effective support for Benn and his ideas . Mullin also sought to turn Tribune into a workers cooperative , to its shareholders chagrin . Novelist . Mullin has published a total of four novels . His first novel was A Very British Coup , published in 1982 , which portrays the destabilisation of a left-wing British government by the forces of the Establishment . He wrote it having discussed the idea of a left-wing Prime Minister being undermined by the establishment following the 1981 Labour Party Conference with Peter Hain , Stuart Holland and Tony Banks . Holland revealed in this discussion that he had written a number of chapters in a potential novel containing this story and that Hain had contacted publishers regarding the possibility of a similar novel . Subsequently Mullin was told by the former BBC correspondent Peter Hardiman Scott that he had been writing a book on this topic at the time . The novel was adapted for television by Alan Plater , with substantial alterations to the plot , and screened in 1988 . The screenwriter was Alan Plater and it was directed by Mick Jackson . Starring Ray McAnally , the series was first screened on Channel 4 and won Bafta and Emmy awards , and was syndicated to more than 30 countries . The book was also the basis for the 2012 four-part Channel 4 series , Secret State . Starring Gabriel Byrne , this version was written by Robert Jones . Mullin later wrote a sequel to A Very British Coup called The Friends of Harry Perkins which was published in 2019 . The book explores Brexit and American–Chinese relations amongst other topics . Mullin also published The Last Man Out of Saigon in 1986 about featuring a plot of a CIA agent sent into Vietnam in the last week of the war to set up a network of agents and also The Year of the Fire Monkey , a thriller about a CIA attempt to assassinate Chairman Mao using a Tibetan agent , in 1991 . Political career . Early political career . Mullin stood unsuccessfully in the 1970 general election against Liberal Leader Jeremy Thorpe in North Devon . Mullin also fought Kingston-upon-Thames in February 1974 . By 1980 , he was an executive member of the Labour Co-ordinating Committee . Mullin was also on the executive of the influential Campaign for Labour Party Democracy . As such he was an active supporter of Tony Benn when , in 1981 , disregarding an appeal from party leader Michael Foot to abstain from inflaming the partys divisions , Benn stood against the incumbent Deputy Leader of the Labour Party , Denis Healey . In addition Mullin edited two collections of Benns speeches and writings Arguments for Socialism ( 1979 ) and Arguments for Democracy ( 1981 ) . He was widely regarded as a leading Bennite , a highly influential movement within the Labour Party in the early 1980s . Parliament . Mullin was first elected MP for Sunderland South in 1987 , and was returned at every subsequent election up to and including 2005 . His constituency was the first to declare in every general election between 1992 and his standing down in 2010 ( 1992 , 1997 , 2001 and 2005 ) . Mullin joked about being the UKs sole MP for a few minutes and muses about forming a government . He did not seek re-election in 2010 . Mullin was on the left of the party and his selection for Sunderland South ( occasioned by the retirement of Gordon Bagier MP ) met with the disapproval of Neil Kinnock , at the time the Leader of the Labour Party . In the late 1980s , the right-wing , tabloid press targeted Mullin for his left-wing views frequently . Headlines included : 20 things you didnt know about crackpot Chris , Loony Lefty MP , and Is this the most odious man in Britain ? Having reported from Cambodia in 1973 and 1980 , in 1990 he was outspoken on the British Governments record in Cambodia , being a leading voice in some of the first protracted debates on Britains provision of military support to the Khmer Rouge and attributing increasing public interest in the issue to the documentary films of John Pilger . He was a member of the Socialist Campaign Group , Secretary of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Vietnam , a member of the All-Party Group on Tibet and Chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Cambodia , Member of the Home Affairs Select committee ( 1992–97 ) , and Chairman of the Home Affairs Select Committee from 1997 to 1999 and again from 2001 to 2003 . In government . Despite occasional criticism of the government , he replaced Alan Meale as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of the Environment , Transport , and the Regions in July 1999 before taking over from George Foulkes as Parliamentary Under-Secretary , Department for International Development in 2001 . Despite having voted against the Iraq war , he returned to government in June 2003 , as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office , but after the 2005 election again returned to the backbenches . Before the Labour victory of 1997 , Mullin had attained a reputation for campaigning on behalf of victims of injustice and opposition to the curtailing of civil rights . His campaigning stance had to change while a minister because of the collective responsibility of government . His vote against the governments proposal for 90 days detention without trial for persons suspected of terrorism , as one of 49 Labour rebels , seemed to indicate a re-emergence of his civil libertarian instincts . Mullin criticised the Labour governments rotation of Ministers expressing his belief that the Blair Government changed Ministers too often and noted this in his final speech to the House of Commons . Expenses claims . During the UK Parliamentary expenses scandal , Mullin , one of the lowest claimers , provided some comic relief when it was revealed that the television at his second home is a very old black-and-white model with a £45 TV licence . Leaving parliament . On 10 May 2008 , the Sunderland Echo site reported that Mullin had decided to stand down at the 2010 general election . This left Mullin having contested seven General Elections and having been elected in five of them . Diaries . Mullin published three volumes of widely praised diaries that described the progress of New Labour from the death of the party leader John Smith in 1994 to the 2010 general election : A View from the Foothills ( 2009 ) ( recounting Mullins ministerial career from 1999–2005 ) , Decline & Fall : Diaries 2005–2010 ( 2010 ) and A Walk-On Part : Diaries 1994–1999 ( 2011 ) . Among other things , Mullin recorded his gradual disillusion with the Labour Partys left wing and his rather reluctant support , after Smiths death , for fellow North-Eastern MP Tony Blair ( whom he dubbed The Man ) as the person most likely to lead the party back to power . He admired Blair as a leader and for his capacity to create a broad-based Labour Party . In spite of Iraq , Mullin remains an admirer of Blair , viewing him as a leader of exceptional ability . Peter Riddell of the Times suggested that A View From the Foothills deserved to become the central text for understanding the Blair years , while Decline & Fall , in which Mullin ( by then a backbencher again ) expressed wry consternation at the way the government operated under Blairs successor Gordon Brown , were commended for their independence of outlook , revealing , as Jenni Russell put it in the Sunday Times , Mullins readiness to like people who dont echo his politics . The three volumes were adapted for the stage by Michael Chaplin as A Walk on Part . It premiered at the Live Theatre in Newcastle-upon-Tyne in May 2011 , before moving to the Soho Theatre in London . Mullin regularly gives talks on his diaries , politics and the rise and fall of New Labour . Personal life . Mullins wife , Ngoc , is Vietnamese and they have two daughters , Sarah ( b . 1989 ) and Emma ( b . 1995 ) . Mullin lives in Northumberland and his hobbies include gardening . In football Chris Mullin supported Sunderland A.F.C. , and even mentioned it in the May 1997 State Opening of Parliament speech . Academic honours . On 28 January 2011 , his alma mater , Hull University , awarded him an honorary Doctorate in Law , in recognition of his achievements . In December 2011 , Newcastle University awarded Chris Mullin an honorary degree . Mullin now teaches a module at Newcastle University called The Rise and Fall of New Labour . He was also awarded an honorary degree by the University of Essex in 2011 . Mullin has also received honorary degrees from the University of Sunderland ( 2010 ) and City University London ( 1992 ) . Works . Novels . - A Very British Coup ( 1982 ) - The Last Man Out of Saigon ( 1986 ) - The Year of the Fire Monkey ( 1991 ) - The Friends of Harry Perkins ( 2019 ) Non-fiction . - Error of Judgment : The Truth about the Birmingham Bombings ( ) - A View from the Foothills : The Diaries of Chris Mullin ( 2009 ) ( ) - Decline & Fall : Diaries 2005–2010 ( 2010 ) ( ) - A Walk-On Part : Diaries 1994–1999 ( 2011 ) ( ) - Hinterland ( 2016 ) ( ) As editor . - Tony Benn Arguments for Socialism ( 1979 ) - Tony Benn Arguments for Democracy ( 1981 ) External links . - Personal website - ePolitix : Chris Mullin - Guardian Unlimited Politics – Ask Aristotle : Chris Mullin MP - Chris Mullin MP on TheyWorkForYou.com |
[
"MP for Sunderland South",
"Member of the Home Affairs Select committee"
] | easy | Which position did Chris Mullin (politician) hold from Apr 1992 to Apr 1997? | /wiki/Chris_Mullin_(politician)#P39#1 | Chris Mullin ( politician ) Christopher John Mullin ( born 12 December 1947 ) is a British journalist , author and Labour politician . As a journalist in the 1980s , Chris Mullin led a campaign that resulted in the release of the Birmingham Six , victims of a miscarriage of justice . Mullin is the author of four novels , including A Very British Coup ( 1982 ) , which was later adapted for television , and its sequel The Friends of Harry Perkins . Mullin is also a celebrated diarist . Mullin was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Sunderland South from 1987 until 2010 . In Parliament , he served as Chairman of the Home Affairs Select Committee and as a Minister in the Department for Environment , Transport and the Regions , the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and in the Department for International Development . Early life . Mullin is the son of a Scottish Protestant father and an Irish Catholic mother , both of whom worked for Marconi . Mullin was educated at St Josephs College , a Roman Catholic boarding independent school for boys ( now co-educational ) in the town of Ipswich in Suffolk , followed by the University of Hull , where he studied Law . He joined the Labour Party after his politics shifted leftward in response to the Vietnam War . Journalist and activist . Before being elected as an MP , Mullin was a journalist , training with the Daily Mirror . In this period Mullin travelled to Russia and China . From there , Mullins first main activity as a journalist came in the Vietnam War . He has been highly critical of the American strategy in Vietnam and has stated that he believes that the war , intended to stop the advance of Communism , instead only delayed the coming of market forces in the country . Mullin also reported from Cambodia in 1973 and 1980 . Birmingham Six . Mullin , working for the Granada current affairs programme World in Action , was pivotal in securing the release of the Birmingham Six , a long-standing miscarriage of justice . In 1985 , the first of several World in Action programmes casting doubt on the mens convictions was broadcast . In 1986 , Mullins book , Error of Judgment : The Truth About the Birmingham Pub Bombings , set out a detailed case supporting the mens claims that they were innocent . It included his claim to have met some of those who were actually responsible for the bombings . In March 1990 , ITV broadcast the Granada Television documentary drama , Who Bombed Birmingham? , which re-enacted the bombings and subsequent key events in Mullins campaign . Written by Rob Ritchie and directed by Mike Beckham , it featured John Hurt as Mullin , with Martin Shaw as World in Action producer Ian McBride , Ciaran Hinds as Richard McIlkenny , one of the Six , and Patrick Malahide as Michael Mansfield ( QC ) . It was repackaged for export as The Investigation – Inside a Terrorist Bombing , and first shown on American television on 22 April 1990 . Granadas BAFTA-nominated follow-up documentary after the release of the six men , World in Action Special : The Birmingham Six – Their Own Story , was telecast on 18 March 1991 . In 2019 , Mullin was criticised by the relatives of some of the victims of the attack for not naming IRA bombing suspects who he met whilst investigating the case in the 1980s . Mullin was called scum and a disgrace . Mullin has defended this decision on the grounds of journalistic ethics . He was quoted in The Guardian as having said : In order to track down the bombers , I had to give assurances not only to guilty but to innocent intermediaries that I would not , during their lifetime , disclose the names of those who cooperated . Had I not done so , no one would have cooperated . Bennism and Tribune . Mullin edited two collections of Tony Benns speeches and writings , Arguments for Socialism ( 1979 ) and Arguments for Democracy ( 1981 ) , and , as editor of the pro-Labour weekly Tribune from 1982 to 1984 , provided effective support for Benn and his ideas . Mullin also sought to turn Tribune into a workers cooperative , to its shareholders chagrin . Novelist . Mullin has published a total of four novels . His first novel was A Very British Coup , published in 1982 , which portrays the destabilisation of a left-wing British government by the forces of the Establishment . He wrote it having discussed the idea of a left-wing Prime Minister being undermined by the establishment following the 1981 Labour Party Conference with Peter Hain , Stuart Holland and Tony Banks . Holland revealed in this discussion that he had written a number of chapters in a potential novel containing this story and that Hain had contacted publishers regarding the possibility of a similar novel . Subsequently Mullin was told by the former BBC correspondent Peter Hardiman Scott that he had been writing a book on this topic at the time . The novel was adapted for television by Alan Plater , with substantial alterations to the plot , and screened in 1988 . The screenwriter was Alan Plater and it was directed by Mick Jackson . Starring Ray McAnally , the series was first screened on Channel 4 and won Bafta and Emmy awards , and was syndicated to more than 30 countries . The book was also the basis for the 2012 four-part Channel 4 series , Secret State . Starring Gabriel Byrne , this version was written by Robert Jones . Mullin later wrote a sequel to A Very British Coup called The Friends of Harry Perkins which was published in 2019 . The book explores Brexit and American–Chinese relations amongst other topics . Mullin also published The Last Man Out of Saigon in 1986 about featuring a plot of a CIA agent sent into Vietnam in the last week of the war to set up a network of agents and also The Year of the Fire Monkey , a thriller about a CIA attempt to assassinate Chairman Mao using a Tibetan agent , in 1991 . Political career . Early political career . Mullin stood unsuccessfully in the 1970 general election against Liberal Leader Jeremy Thorpe in North Devon . Mullin also fought Kingston-upon-Thames in February 1974 . By 1980 , he was an executive member of the Labour Co-ordinating Committee . Mullin was also on the executive of the influential Campaign for Labour Party Democracy . As such he was an active supporter of Tony Benn when , in 1981 , disregarding an appeal from party leader Michael Foot to abstain from inflaming the partys divisions , Benn stood against the incumbent Deputy Leader of the Labour Party , Denis Healey . In addition Mullin edited two collections of Benns speeches and writings Arguments for Socialism ( 1979 ) and Arguments for Democracy ( 1981 ) . He was widely regarded as a leading Bennite , a highly influential movement within the Labour Party in the early 1980s . Parliament . Mullin was first elected MP for Sunderland South in 1987 , and was returned at every subsequent election up to and including 2005 . His constituency was the first to declare in every general election between 1992 and his standing down in 2010 ( 1992 , 1997 , 2001 and 2005 ) . Mullin joked about being the UKs sole MP for a few minutes and muses about forming a government . He did not seek re-election in 2010 . Mullin was on the left of the party and his selection for Sunderland South ( occasioned by the retirement of Gordon Bagier MP ) met with the disapproval of Neil Kinnock , at the time the Leader of the Labour Party . In the late 1980s , the right-wing , tabloid press targeted Mullin for his left-wing views frequently . Headlines included : 20 things you didnt know about crackpot Chris , Loony Lefty MP , and Is this the most odious man in Britain ? Having reported from Cambodia in 1973 and 1980 , in 1990 he was outspoken on the British Governments record in Cambodia , being a leading voice in some of the first protracted debates on Britains provision of military support to the Khmer Rouge and attributing increasing public interest in the issue to the documentary films of John Pilger . He was a member of the Socialist Campaign Group , Secretary of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Vietnam , a member of the All-Party Group on Tibet and Chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Cambodia , Member of the Home Affairs Select committee ( 1992–97 ) , and Chairman of the Home Affairs Select Committee from 1997 to 1999 and again from 2001 to 2003 . In government . Despite occasional criticism of the government , he replaced Alan Meale as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of the Environment , Transport , and the Regions in July 1999 before taking over from George Foulkes as Parliamentary Under-Secretary , Department for International Development in 2001 . Despite having voted against the Iraq war , he returned to government in June 2003 , as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office , but after the 2005 election again returned to the backbenches . Before the Labour victory of 1997 , Mullin had attained a reputation for campaigning on behalf of victims of injustice and opposition to the curtailing of civil rights . His campaigning stance had to change while a minister because of the collective responsibility of government . His vote against the governments proposal for 90 days detention without trial for persons suspected of terrorism , as one of 49 Labour rebels , seemed to indicate a re-emergence of his civil libertarian instincts . Mullin criticised the Labour governments rotation of Ministers expressing his belief that the Blair Government changed Ministers too often and noted this in his final speech to the House of Commons . Expenses claims . During the UK Parliamentary expenses scandal , Mullin , one of the lowest claimers , provided some comic relief when it was revealed that the television at his second home is a very old black-and-white model with a £45 TV licence . Leaving parliament . On 10 May 2008 , the Sunderland Echo site reported that Mullin had decided to stand down at the 2010 general election . This left Mullin having contested seven General Elections and having been elected in five of them . Diaries . Mullin published three volumes of widely praised diaries that described the progress of New Labour from the death of the party leader John Smith in 1994 to the 2010 general election : A View from the Foothills ( 2009 ) ( recounting Mullins ministerial career from 1999–2005 ) , Decline & Fall : Diaries 2005–2010 ( 2010 ) and A Walk-On Part : Diaries 1994–1999 ( 2011 ) . Among other things , Mullin recorded his gradual disillusion with the Labour Partys left wing and his rather reluctant support , after Smiths death , for fellow North-Eastern MP Tony Blair ( whom he dubbed The Man ) as the person most likely to lead the party back to power . He admired Blair as a leader and for his capacity to create a broad-based Labour Party . In spite of Iraq , Mullin remains an admirer of Blair , viewing him as a leader of exceptional ability . Peter Riddell of the Times suggested that A View From the Foothills deserved to become the central text for understanding the Blair years , while Decline & Fall , in which Mullin ( by then a backbencher again ) expressed wry consternation at the way the government operated under Blairs successor Gordon Brown , were commended for their independence of outlook , revealing , as Jenni Russell put it in the Sunday Times , Mullins readiness to like people who dont echo his politics . The three volumes were adapted for the stage by Michael Chaplin as A Walk on Part . It premiered at the Live Theatre in Newcastle-upon-Tyne in May 2011 , before moving to the Soho Theatre in London . Mullin regularly gives talks on his diaries , politics and the rise and fall of New Labour . Personal life . Mullins wife , Ngoc , is Vietnamese and they have two daughters , Sarah ( b . 1989 ) and Emma ( b . 1995 ) . Mullin lives in Northumberland and his hobbies include gardening . In football Chris Mullin supported Sunderland A.F.C. , and even mentioned it in the May 1997 State Opening of Parliament speech . Academic honours . On 28 January 2011 , his alma mater , Hull University , awarded him an honorary Doctorate in Law , in recognition of his achievements . In December 2011 , Newcastle University awarded Chris Mullin an honorary degree . Mullin now teaches a module at Newcastle University called The Rise and Fall of New Labour . He was also awarded an honorary degree by the University of Essex in 2011 . Mullin has also received honorary degrees from the University of Sunderland ( 2010 ) and City University London ( 1992 ) . Works . Novels . - A Very British Coup ( 1982 ) - The Last Man Out of Saigon ( 1986 ) - The Year of the Fire Monkey ( 1991 ) - The Friends of Harry Perkins ( 2019 ) Non-fiction . - Error of Judgment : The Truth about the Birmingham Bombings ( ) - A View from the Foothills : The Diaries of Chris Mullin ( 2009 ) ( ) - Decline & Fall : Diaries 2005–2010 ( 2010 ) ( ) - A Walk-On Part : Diaries 1994–1999 ( 2011 ) ( ) - Hinterland ( 2016 ) ( ) As editor . - Tony Benn Arguments for Socialism ( 1979 ) - Tony Benn Arguments for Democracy ( 1981 ) External links . - Personal website - ePolitix : Chris Mullin - Guardian Unlimited Politics – Ask Aristotle : Chris Mullin MP - Chris Mullin MP on TheyWorkForYou.com |
[
"Chairman of the Home Affairs Select Committee",
"MP for Sunderland South"
] | easy | Chris Mullin (politician) took which position from May 1997 to May 2001? | /wiki/Chris_Mullin_(politician)#P39#2 | Chris Mullin ( politician ) Christopher John Mullin ( born 12 December 1947 ) is a British journalist , author and Labour politician . As a journalist in the 1980s , Chris Mullin led a campaign that resulted in the release of the Birmingham Six , victims of a miscarriage of justice . Mullin is the author of four novels , including A Very British Coup ( 1982 ) , which was later adapted for television , and its sequel The Friends of Harry Perkins . Mullin is also a celebrated diarist . Mullin was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Sunderland South from 1987 until 2010 . In Parliament , he served as Chairman of the Home Affairs Select Committee and as a Minister in the Department for Environment , Transport and the Regions , the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and in the Department for International Development . Early life . Mullin is the son of a Scottish Protestant father and an Irish Catholic mother , both of whom worked for Marconi . Mullin was educated at St Josephs College , a Roman Catholic boarding independent school for boys ( now co-educational ) in the town of Ipswich in Suffolk , followed by the University of Hull , where he studied Law . He joined the Labour Party after his politics shifted leftward in response to the Vietnam War . Journalist and activist . Before being elected as an MP , Mullin was a journalist , training with the Daily Mirror . In this period Mullin travelled to Russia and China . From there , Mullins first main activity as a journalist came in the Vietnam War . He has been highly critical of the American strategy in Vietnam and has stated that he believes that the war , intended to stop the advance of Communism , instead only delayed the coming of market forces in the country . Mullin also reported from Cambodia in 1973 and 1980 . Birmingham Six . Mullin , working for the Granada current affairs programme World in Action , was pivotal in securing the release of the Birmingham Six , a long-standing miscarriage of justice . In 1985 , the first of several World in Action programmes casting doubt on the mens convictions was broadcast . In 1986 , Mullins book , Error of Judgment : The Truth About the Birmingham Pub Bombings , set out a detailed case supporting the mens claims that they were innocent . It included his claim to have met some of those who were actually responsible for the bombings . In March 1990 , ITV broadcast the Granada Television documentary drama , Who Bombed Birmingham? , which re-enacted the bombings and subsequent key events in Mullins campaign . Written by Rob Ritchie and directed by Mike Beckham , it featured John Hurt as Mullin , with Martin Shaw as World in Action producer Ian McBride , Ciaran Hinds as Richard McIlkenny , one of the Six , and Patrick Malahide as Michael Mansfield ( QC ) . It was repackaged for export as The Investigation – Inside a Terrorist Bombing , and first shown on American television on 22 April 1990 . Granadas BAFTA-nominated follow-up documentary after the release of the six men , World in Action Special : The Birmingham Six – Their Own Story , was telecast on 18 March 1991 . In 2019 , Mullin was criticised by the relatives of some of the victims of the attack for not naming IRA bombing suspects who he met whilst investigating the case in the 1980s . Mullin was called scum and a disgrace . Mullin has defended this decision on the grounds of journalistic ethics . He was quoted in The Guardian as having said : In order to track down the bombers , I had to give assurances not only to guilty but to innocent intermediaries that I would not , during their lifetime , disclose the names of those who cooperated . Had I not done so , no one would have cooperated . Bennism and Tribune . Mullin edited two collections of Tony Benns speeches and writings , Arguments for Socialism ( 1979 ) and Arguments for Democracy ( 1981 ) , and , as editor of the pro-Labour weekly Tribune from 1982 to 1984 , provided effective support for Benn and his ideas . Mullin also sought to turn Tribune into a workers cooperative , to its shareholders chagrin . Novelist . Mullin has published a total of four novels . His first novel was A Very British Coup , published in 1982 , which portrays the destabilisation of a left-wing British government by the forces of the Establishment . He wrote it having discussed the idea of a left-wing Prime Minister being undermined by the establishment following the 1981 Labour Party Conference with Peter Hain , Stuart Holland and Tony Banks . Holland revealed in this discussion that he had written a number of chapters in a potential novel containing this story and that Hain had contacted publishers regarding the possibility of a similar novel . Subsequently Mullin was told by the former BBC correspondent Peter Hardiman Scott that he had been writing a book on this topic at the time . The novel was adapted for television by Alan Plater , with substantial alterations to the plot , and screened in 1988 . The screenwriter was Alan Plater and it was directed by Mick Jackson . Starring Ray McAnally , the series was first screened on Channel 4 and won Bafta and Emmy awards , and was syndicated to more than 30 countries . The book was also the basis for the 2012 four-part Channel 4 series , Secret State . Starring Gabriel Byrne , this version was written by Robert Jones . Mullin later wrote a sequel to A Very British Coup called The Friends of Harry Perkins which was published in 2019 . The book explores Brexit and American–Chinese relations amongst other topics . Mullin also published The Last Man Out of Saigon in 1986 about featuring a plot of a CIA agent sent into Vietnam in the last week of the war to set up a network of agents and also The Year of the Fire Monkey , a thriller about a CIA attempt to assassinate Chairman Mao using a Tibetan agent , in 1991 . Political career . Early political career . Mullin stood unsuccessfully in the 1970 general election against Liberal Leader Jeremy Thorpe in North Devon . Mullin also fought Kingston-upon-Thames in February 1974 . By 1980 , he was an executive member of the Labour Co-ordinating Committee . Mullin was also on the executive of the influential Campaign for Labour Party Democracy . As such he was an active supporter of Tony Benn when , in 1981 , disregarding an appeal from party leader Michael Foot to abstain from inflaming the partys divisions , Benn stood against the incumbent Deputy Leader of the Labour Party , Denis Healey . In addition Mullin edited two collections of Benns speeches and writings Arguments for Socialism ( 1979 ) and Arguments for Democracy ( 1981 ) . He was widely regarded as a leading Bennite , a highly influential movement within the Labour Party in the early 1980s . Parliament . Mullin was first elected MP for Sunderland South in 1987 , and was returned at every subsequent election up to and including 2005 . His constituency was the first to declare in every general election between 1992 and his standing down in 2010 ( 1992 , 1997 , 2001 and 2005 ) . Mullin joked about being the UKs sole MP for a few minutes and muses about forming a government . He did not seek re-election in 2010 . Mullin was on the left of the party and his selection for Sunderland South ( occasioned by the retirement of Gordon Bagier MP ) met with the disapproval of Neil Kinnock , at the time the Leader of the Labour Party . In the late 1980s , the right-wing , tabloid press targeted Mullin for his left-wing views frequently . Headlines included : 20 things you didnt know about crackpot Chris , Loony Lefty MP , and Is this the most odious man in Britain ? Having reported from Cambodia in 1973 and 1980 , in 1990 he was outspoken on the British Governments record in Cambodia , being a leading voice in some of the first protracted debates on Britains provision of military support to the Khmer Rouge and attributing increasing public interest in the issue to the documentary films of John Pilger . He was a member of the Socialist Campaign Group , Secretary of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Vietnam , a member of the All-Party Group on Tibet and Chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Cambodia , Member of the Home Affairs Select committee ( 1992–97 ) , and Chairman of the Home Affairs Select Committee from 1997 to 1999 and again from 2001 to 2003 . In government . Despite occasional criticism of the government , he replaced Alan Meale as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of the Environment , Transport , and the Regions in July 1999 before taking over from George Foulkes as Parliamentary Under-Secretary , Department for International Development in 2001 . Despite having voted against the Iraq war , he returned to government in June 2003 , as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office , but after the 2005 election again returned to the backbenches . Before the Labour victory of 1997 , Mullin had attained a reputation for campaigning on behalf of victims of injustice and opposition to the curtailing of civil rights . His campaigning stance had to change while a minister because of the collective responsibility of government . His vote against the governments proposal for 90 days detention without trial for persons suspected of terrorism , as one of 49 Labour rebels , seemed to indicate a re-emergence of his civil libertarian instincts . Mullin criticised the Labour governments rotation of Ministers expressing his belief that the Blair Government changed Ministers too often and noted this in his final speech to the House of Commons . Expenses claims . During the UK Parliamentary expenses scandal , Mullin , one of the lowest claimers , provided some comic relief when it was revealed that the television at his second home is a very old black-and-white model with a £45 TV licence . Leaving parliament . On 10 May 2008 , the Sunderland Echo site reported that Mullin had decided to stand down at the 2010 general election . This left Mullin having contested seven General Elections and having been elected in five of them . Diaries . Mullin published three volumes of widely praised diaries that described the progress of New Labour from the death of the party leader John Smith in 1994 to the 2010 general election : A View from the Foothills ( 2009 ) ( recounting Mullins ministerial career from 1999–2005 ) , Decline & Fall : Diaries 2005–2010 ( 2010 ) and A Walk-On Part : Diaries 1994–1999 ( 2011 ) . Among other things , Mullin recorded his gradual disillusion with the Labour Partys left wing and his rather reluctant support , after Smiths death , for fellow North-Eastern MP Tony Blair ( whom he dubbed The Man ) as the person most likely to lead the party back to power . He admired Blair as a leader and for his capacity to create a broad-based Labour Party . In spite of Iraq , Mullin remains an admirer of Blair , viewing him as a leader of exceptional ability . Peter Riddell of the Times suggested that A View From the Foothills deserved to become the central text for understanding the Blair years , while Decline & Fall , in which Mullin ( by then a backbencher again ) expressed wry consternation at the way the government operated under Blairs successor Gordon Brown , were commended for their independence of outlook , revealing , as Jenni Russell put it in the Sunday Times , Mullins readiness to like people who dont echo his politics . The three volumes were adapted for the stage by Michael Chaplin as A Walk on Part . It premiered at the Live Theatre in Newcastle-upon-Tyne in May 2011 , before moving to the Soho Theatre in London . Mullin regularly gives talks on his diaries , politics and the rise and fall of New Labour . Personal life . Mullins wife , Ngoc , is Vietnamese and they have two daughters , Sarah ( b . 1989 ) and Emma ( b . 1995 ) . Mullin lives in Northumberland and his hobbies include gardening . In football Chris Mullin supported Sunderland A.F.C. , and even mentioned it in the May 1997 State Opening of Parliament speech . Academic honours . On 28 January 2011 , his alma mater , Hull University , awarded him an honorary Doctorate in Law , in recognition of his achievements . In December 2011 , Newcastle University awarded Chris Mullin an honorary degree . Mullin now teaches a module at Newcastle University called The Rise and Fall of New Labour . He was also awarded an honorary degree by the University of Essex in 2011 . Mullin has also received honorary degrees from the University of Sunderland ( 2010 ) and City University London ( 1992 ) . Works . Novels . - A Very British Coup ( 1982 ) - The Last Man Out of Saigon ( 1986 ) - The Year of the Fire Monkey ( 1991 ) - The Friends of Harry Perkins ( 2019 ) Non-fiction . - Error of Judgment : The Truth about the Birmingham Bombings ( ) - A View from the Foothills : The Diaries of Chris Mullin ( 2009 ) ( ) - Decline & Fall : Diaries 2005–2010 ( 2010 ) ( ) - A Walk-On Part : Diaries 1994–1999 ( 2011 ) ( ) - Hinterland ( 2016 ) ( ) As editor . - Tony Benn Arguments for Socialism ( 1979 ) - Tony Benn Arguments for Democracy ( 1981 ) External links . - Personal website - ePolitix : Chris Mullin - Guardian Unlimited Politics – Ask Aristotle : Chris Mullin MP - Chris Mullin MP on TheyWorkForYou.com |
[
"MP for Sunderland South"
] | easy | What was the position of Chris Mullin (politician) from Jun 2001 to Apr 2005? | /wiki/Chris_Mullin_(politician)#P39#3 | Chris Mullin ( politician ) Christopher John Mullin ( born 12 December 1947 ) is a British journalist , author and Labour politician . As a journalist in the 1980s , Chris Mullin led a campaign that resulted in the release of the Birmingham Six , victims of a miscarriage of justice . Mullin is the author of four novels , including A Very British Coup ( 1982 ) , which was later adapted for television , and its sequel The Friends of Harry Perkins . Mullin is also a celebrated diarist . Mullin was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Sunderland South from 1987 until 2010 . In Parliament , he served as Chairman of the Home Affairs Select Committee and as a Minister in the Department for Environment , Transport and the Regions , the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and in the Department for International Development . Early life . Mullin is the son of a Scottish Protestant father and an Irish Catholic mother , both of whom worked for Marconi . Mullin was educated at St Josephs College , a Roman Catholic boarding independent school for boys ( now co-educational ) in the town of Ipswich in Suffolk , followed by the University of Hull , where he studied Law . He joined the Labour Party after his politics shifted leftward in response to the Vietnam War . Journalist and activist . Before being elected as an MP , Mullin was a journalist , training with the Daily Mirror . In this period Mullin travelled to Russia and China . From there , Mullins first main activity as a journalist came in the Vietnam War . He has been highly critical of the American strategy in Vietnam and has stated that he believes that the war , intended to stop the advance of Communism , instead only delayed the coming of market forces in the country . Mullin also reported from Cambodia in 1973 and 1980 . Birmingham Six . Mullin , working for the Granada current affairs programme World in Action , was pivotal in securing the release of the Birmingham Six , a long-standing miscarriage of justice . In 1985 , the first of several World in Action programmes casting doubt on the mens convictions was broadcast . In 1986 , Mullins book , Error of Judgment : The Truth About the Birmingham Pub Bombings , set out a detailed case supporting the mens claims that they were innocent . It included his claim to have met some of those who were actually responsible for the bombings . In March 1990 , ITV broadcast the Granada Television documentary drama , Who Bombed Birmingham? , which re-enacted the bombings and subsequent key events in Mullins campaign . Written by Rob Ritchie and directed by Mike Beckham , it featured John Hurt as Mullin , with Martin Shaw as World in Action producer Ian McBride , Ciaran Hinds as Richard McIlkenny , one of the Six , and Patrick Malahide as Michael Mansfield ( QC ) . It was repackaged for export as The Investigation – Inside a Terrorist Bombing , and first shown on American television on 22 April 1990 . Granadas BAFTA-nominated follow-up documentary after the release of the six men , World in Action Special : The Birmingham Six – Their Own Story , was telecast on 18 March 1991 . In 2019 , Mullin was criticised by the relatives of some of the victims of the attack for not naming IRA bombing suspects who he met whilst investigating the case in the 1980s . Mullin was called scum and a disgrace . Mullin has defended this decision on the grounds of journalistic ethics . He was quoted in The Guardian as having said : In order to track down the bombers , I had to give assurances not only to guilty but to innocent intermediaries that I would not , during their lifetime , disclose the names of those who cooperated . Had I not done so , no one would have cooperated . Bennism and Tribune . Mullin edited two collections of Tony Benns speeches and writings , Arguments for Socialism ( 1979 ) and Arguments for Democracy ( 1981 ) , and , as editor of the pro-Labour weekly Tribune from 1982 to 1984 , provided effective support for Benn and his ideas . Mullin also sought to turn Tribune into a workers cooperative , to its shareholders chagrin . Novelist . Mullin has published a total of four novels . His first novel was A Very British Coup , published in 1982 , which portrays the destabilisation of a left-wing British government by the forces of the Establishment . He wrote it having discussed the idea of a left-wing Prime Minister being undermined by the establishment following the 1981 Labour Party Conference with Peter Hain , Stuart Holland and Tony Banks . Holland revealed in this discussion that he had written a number of chapters in a potential novel containing this story and that Hain had contacted publishers regarding the possibility of a similar novel . Subsequently Mullin was told by the former BBC correspondent Peter Hardiman Scott that he had been writing a book on this topic at the time . The novel was adapted for television by Alan Plater , with substantial alterations to the plot , and screened in 1988 . The screenwriter was Alan Plater and it was directed by Mick Jackson . Starring Ray McAnally , the series was first screened on Channel 4 and won Bafta and Emmy awards , and was syndicated to more than 30 countries . The book was also the basis for the 2012 four-part Channel 4 series , Secret State . Starring Gabriel Byrne , this version was written by Robert Jones . Mullin later wrote a sequel to A Very British Coup called The Friends of Harry Perkins which was published in 2019 . The book explores Brexit and American–Chinese relations amongst other topics . Mullin also published The Last Man Out of Saigon in 1986 about featuring a plot of a CIA agent sent into Vietnam in the last week of the war to set up a network of agents and also The Year of the Fire Monkey , a thriller about a CIA attempt to assassinate Chairman Mao using a Tibetan agent , in 1991 . Political career . Early political career . Mullin stood unsuccessfully in the 1970 general election against Liberal Leader Jeremy Thorpe in North Devon . Mullin also fought Kingston-upon-Thames in February 1974 . By 1980 , he was an executive member of the Labour Co-ordinating Committee . Mullin was also on the executive of the influential Campaign for Labour Party Democracy . As such he was an active supporter of Tony Benn when , in 1981 , disregarding an appeal from party leader Michael Foot to abstain from inflaming the partys divisions , Benn stood against the incumbent Deputy Leader of the Labour Party , Denis Healey . In addition Mullin edited two collections of Benns speeches and writings Arguments for Socialism ( 1979 ) and Arguments for Democracy ( 1981 ) . He was widely regarded as a leading Bennite , a highly influential movement within the Labour Party in the early 1980s . Parliament . Mullin was first elected MP for Sunderland South in 1987 , and was returned at every subsequent election up to and including 2005 . His constituency was the first to declare in every general election between 1992 and his standing down in 2010 ( 1992 , 1997 , 2001 and 2005 ) . Mullin joked about being the UKs sole MP for a few minutes and muses about forming a government . He did not seek re-election in 2010 . Mullin was on the left of the party and his selection for Sunderland South ( occasioned by the retirement of Gordon Bagier MP ) met with the disapproval of Neil Kinnock , at the time the Leader of the Labour Party . In the late 1980s , the right-wing , tabloid press targeted Mullin for his left-wing views frequently . Headlines included : 20 things you didnt know about crackpot Chris , Loony Lefty MP , and Is this the most odious man in Britain ? Having reported from Cambodia in 1973 and 1980 , in 1990 he was outspoken on the British Governments record in Cambodia , being a leading voice in some of the first protracted debates on Britains provision of military support to the Khmer Rouge and attributing increasing public interest in the issue to the documentary films of John Pilger . He was a member of the Socialist Campaign Group , Secretary of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Vietnam , a member of the All-Party Group on Tibet and Chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Cambodia , Member of the Home Affairs Select committee ( 1992–97 ) , and Chairman of the Home Affairs Select Committee from 1997 to 1999 and again from 2001 to 2003 . In government . Despite occasional criticism of the government , he replaced Alan Meale as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of the Environment , Transport , and the Regions in July 1999 before taking over from George Foulkes as Parliamentary Under-Secretary , Department for International Development in 2001 . Despite having voted against the Iraq war , he returned to government in June 2003 , as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office , but after the 2005 election again returned to the backbenches . Before the Labour victory of 1997 , Mullin had attained a reputation for campaigning on behalf of victims of injustice and opposition to the curtailing of civil rights . His campaigning stance had to change while a minister because of the collective responsibility of government . His vote against the governments proposal for 90 days detention without trial for persons suspected of terrorism , as one of 49 Labour rebels , seemed to indicate a re-emergence of his civil libertarian instincts . Mullin criticised the Labour governments rotation of Ministers expressing his belief that the Blair Government changed Ministers too often and noted this in his final speech to the House of Commons . Expenses claims . During the UK Parliamentary expenses scandal , Mullin , one of the lowest claimers , provided some comic relief when it was revealed that the television at his second home is a very old black-and-white model with a £45 TV licence . Leaving parliament . On 10 May 2008 , the Sunderland Echo site reported that Mullin had decided to stand down at the 2010 general election . This left Mullin having contested seven General Elections and having been elected in five of them . Diaries . Mullin published three volumes of widely praised diaries that described the progress of New Labour from the death of the party leader John Smith in 1994 to the 2010 general election : A View from the Foothills ( 2009 ) ( recounting Mullins ministerial career from 1999–2005 ) , Decline & Fall : Diaries 2005–2010 ( 2010 ) and A Walk-On Part : Diaries 1994–1999 ( 2011 ) . Among other things , Mullin recorded his gradual disillusion with the Labour Partys left wing and his rather reluctant support , after Smiths death , for fellow North-Eastern MP Tony Blair ( whom he dubbed The Man ) as the person most likely to lead the party back to power . He admired Blair as a leader and for his capacity to create a broad-based Labour Party . In spite of Iraq , Mullin remains an admirer of Blair , viewing him as a leader of exceptional ability . Peter Riddell of the Times suggested that A View From the Foothills deserved to become the central text for understanding the Blair years , while Decline & Fall , in which Mullin ( by then a backbencher again ) expressed wry consternation at the way the government operated under Blairs successor Gordon Brown , were commended for their independence of outlook , revealing , as Jenni Russell put it in the Sunday Times , Mullins readiness to like people who dont echo his politics . The three volumes were adapted for the stage by Michael Chaplin as A Walk on Part . It premiered at the Live Theatre in Newcastle-upon-Tyne in May 2011 , before moving to the Soho Theatre in London . Mullin regularly gives talks on his diaries , politics and the rise and fall of New Labour . Personal life . Mullins wife , Ngoc , is Vietnamese and they have two daughters , Sarah ( b . 1989 ) and Emma ( b . 1995 ) . Mullin lives in Northumberland and his hobbies include gardening . In football Chris Mullin supported Sunderland A.F.C. , and even mentioned it in the May 1997 State Opening of Parliament speech . Academic honours . On 28 January 2011 , his alma mater , Hull University , awarded him an honorary Doctorate in Law , in recognition of his achievements . In December 2011 , Newcastle University awarded Chris Mullin an honorary degree . Mullin now teaches a module at Newcastle University called The Rise and Fall of New Labour . He was also awarded an honorary degree by the University of Essex in 2011 . Mullin has also received honorary degrees from the University of Sunderland ( 2010 ) and City University London ( 1992 ) . Works . Novels . - A Very British Coup ( 1982 ) - The Last Man Out of Saigon ( 1986 ) - The Year of the Fire Monkey ( 1991 ) - The Friends of Harry Perkins ( 2019 ) Non-fiction . - Error of Judgment : The Truth about the Birmingham Bombings ( ) - A View from the Foothills : The Diaries of Chris Mullin ( 2009 ) ( ) - Decline & Fall : Diaries 2005–2010 ( 2010 ) ( ) - A Walk-On Part : Diaries 1994–1999 ( 2011 ) ( ) - Hinterland ( 2016 ) ( ) As editor . - Tony Benn Arguments for Socialism ( 1979 ) - Tony Benn Arguments for Democracy ( 1981 ) External links . - Personal website - ePolitix : Chris Mullin - Guardian Unlimited Politics – Ask Aristotle : Chris Mullin MP - Chris Mullin MP on TheyWorkForYou.com |
[
"MP for Sunderland South in 1987"
] | easy | What was the position of Chris Mullin (politician) from May 2005 to Apr 2010? | /wiki/Chris_Mullin_(politician)#P39#4 | Chris Mullin ( politician ) Christopher John Mullin ( born 12 December 1947 ) is a British journalist , author and Labour politician . As a journalist in the 1980s , Chris Mullin led a campaign that resulted in the release of the Birmingham Six , victims of a miscarriage of justice . Mullin is the author of four novels , including A Very British Coup ( 1982 ) , which was later adapted for television , and its sequel The Friends of Harry Perkins . Mullin is also a celebrated diarist . Mullin was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Sunderland South from 1987 until 2010 . In Parliament , he served as Chairman of the Home Affairs Select Committee and as a Minister in the Department for Environment , Transport and the Regions , the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and in the Department for International Development . Early life . Mullin is the son of a Scottish Protestant father and an Irish Catholic mother , both of whom worked for Marconi . Mullin was educated at St Josephs College , a Roman Catholic boarding independent school for boys ( now co-educational ) in the town of Ipswich in Suffolk , followed by the University of Hull , where he studied Law . He joined the Labour Party after his politics shifted leftward in response to the Vietnam War . Journalist and activist . Before being elected as an MP , Mullin was a journalist , training with the Daily Mirror . In this period Mullin travelled to Russia and China . From there , Mullins first main activity as a journalist came in the Vietnam War . He has been highly critical of the American strategy in Vietnam and has stated that he believes that the war , intended to stop the advance of Communism , instead only delayed the coming of market forces in the country . Mullin also reported from Cambodia in 1973 and 1980 . Birmingham Six . Mullin , working for the Granada current affairs programme World in Action , was pivotal in securing the release of the Birmingham Six , a long-standing miscarriage of justice . In 1985 , the first of several World in Action programmes casting doubt on the mens convictions was broadcast . In 1986 , Mullins book , Error of Judgment : The Truth About the Birmingham Pub Bombings , set out a detailed case supporting the mens claims that they were innocent . It included his claim to have met some of those who were actually responsible for the bombings . In March 1990 , ITV broadcast the Granada Television documentary drama , Who Bombed Birmingham? , which re-enacted the bombings and subsequent key events in Mullins campaign . Written by Rob Ritchie and directed by Mike Beckham , it featured John Hurt as Mullin , with Martin Shaw as World in Action producer Ian McBride , Ciaran Hinds as Richard McIlkenny , one of the Six , and Patrick Malahide as Michael Mansfield ( QC ) . It was repackaged for export as The Investigation – Inside a Terrorist Bombing , and first shown on American television on 22 April 1990 . Granadas BAFTA-nominated follow-up documentary after the release of the six men , World in Action Special : The Birmingham Six – Their Own Story , was telecast on 18 March 1991 . In 2019 , Mullin was criticised by the relatives of some of the victims of the attack for not naming IRA bombing suspects who he met whilst investigating the case in the 1980s . Mullin was called scum and a disgrace . Mullin has defended this decision on the grounds of journalistic ethics . He was quoted in The Guardian as having said : In order to track down the bombers , I had to give assurances not only to guilty but to innocent intermediaries that I would not , during their lifetime , disclose the names of those who cooperated . Had I not done so , no one would have cooperated . Bennism and Tribune . Mullin edited two collections of Tony Benns speeches and writings , Arguments for Socialism ( 1979 ) and Arguments for Democracy ( 1981 ) , and , as editor of the pro-Labour weekly Tribune from 1982 to 1984 , provided effective support for Benn and his ideas . Mullin also sought to turn Tribune into a workers cooperative , to its shareholders chagrin . Novelist . Mullin has published a total of four novels . His first novel was A Very British Coup , published in 1982 , which portrays the destabilisation of a left-wing British government by the forces of the Establishment . He wrote it having discussed the idea of a left-wing Prime Minister being undermined by the establishment following the 1981 Labour Party Conference with Peter Hain , Stuart Holland and Tony Banks . Holland revealed in this discussion that he had written a number of chapters in a potential novel containing this story and that Hain had contacted publishers regarding the possibility of a similar novel . Subsequently Mullin was told by the former BBC correspondent Peter Hardiman Scott that he had been writing a book on this topic at the time . The novel was adapted for television by Alan Plater , with substantial alterations to the plot , and screened in 1988 . The screenwriter was Alan Plater and it was directed by Mick Jackson . Starring Ray McAnally , the series was first screened on Channel 4 and won Bafta and Emmy awards , and was syndicated to more than 30 countries . The book was also the basis for the 2012 four-part Channel 4 series , Secret State . Starring Gabriel Byrne , this version was written by Robert Jones . Mullin later wrote a sequel to A Very British Coup called The Friends of Harry Perkins which was published in 2019 . The book explores Brexit and American–Chinese relations amongst other topics . Mullin also published The Last Man Out of Saigon in 1986 about featuring a plot of a CIA agent sent into Vietnam in the last week of the war to set up a network of agents and also The Year of the Fire Monkey , a thriller about a CIA attempt to assassinate Chairman Mao using a Tibetan agent , in 1991 . Political career . Early political career . Mullin stood unsuccessfully in the 1970 general election against Liberal Leader Jeremy Thorpe in North Devon . Mullin also fought Kingston-upon-Thames in February 1974 . By 1980 , he was an executive member of the Labour Co-ordinating Committee . Mullin was also on the executive of the influential Campaign for Labour Party Democracy . As such he was an active supporter of Tony Benn when , in 1981 , disregarding an appeal from party leader Michael Foot to abstain from inflaming the partys divisions , Benn stood against the incumbent Deputy Leader of the Labour Party , Denis Healey . In addition Mullin edited two collections of Benns speeches and writings Arguments for Socialism ( 1979 ) and Arguments for Democracy ( 1981 ) . He was widely regarded as a leading Bennite , a highly influential movement within the Labour Party in the early 1980s . Parliament . Mullin was first elected MP for Sunderland South in 1987 , and was returned at every subsequent election up to and including 2005 . His constituency was the first to declare in every general election between 1992 and his standing down in 2010 ( 1992 , 1997 , 2001 and 2005 ) . Mullin joked about being the UKs sole MP for a few minutes and muses about forming a government . He did not seek re-election in 2010 . Mullin was on the left of the party and his selection for Sunderland South ( occasioned by the retirement of Gordon Bagier MP ) met with the disapproval of Neil Kinnock , at the time the Leader of the Labour Party . In the late 1980s , the right-wing , tabloid press targeted Mullin for his left-wing views frequently . Headlines included : 20 things you didnt know about crackpot Chris , Loony Lefty MP , and Is this the most odious man in Britain ? Having reported from Cambodia in 1973 and 1980 , in 1990 he was outspoken on the British Governments record in Cambodia , being a leading voice in some of the first protracted debates on Britains provision of military support to the Khmer Rouge and attributing increasing public interest in the issue to the documentary films of John Pilger . He was a member of the Socialist Campaign Group , Secretary of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Vietnam , a member of the All-Party Group on Tibet and Chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Cambodia , Member of the Home Affairs Select committee ( 1992–97 ) , and Chairman of the Home Affairs Select Committee from 1997 to 1999 and again from 2001 to 2003 . In government . Despite occasional criticism of the government , he replaced Alan Meale as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of the Environment , Transport , and the Regions in July 1999 before taking over from George Foulkes as Parliamentary Under-Secretary , Department for International Development in 2001 . Despite having voted against the Iraq war , he returned to government in June 2003 , as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office , but after the 2005 election again returned to the backbenches . Before the Labour victory of 1997 , Mullin had attained a reputation for campaigning on behalf of victims of injustice and opposition to the curtailing of civil rights . His campaigning stance had to change while a minister because of the collective responsibility of government . His vote against the governments proposal for 90 days detention without trial for persons suspected of terrorism , as one of 49 Labour rebels , seemed to indicate a re-emergence of his civil libertarian instincts . Mullin criticised the Labour governments rotation of Ministers expressing his belief that the Blair Government changed Ministers too often and noted this in his final speech to the House of Commons . Expenses claims . During the UK Parliamentary expenses scandal , Mullin , one of the lowest claimers , provided some comic relief when it was revealed that the television at his second home is a very old black-and-white model with a £45 TV licence . Leaving parliament . On 10 May 2008 , the Sunderland Echo site reported that Mullin had decided to stand down at the 2010 general election . This left Mullin having contested seven General Elections and having been elected in five of them . Diaries . Mullin published three volumes of widely praised diaries that described the progress of New Labour from the death of the party leader John Smith in 1994 to the 2010 general election : A View from the Foothills ( 2009 ) ( recounting Mullins ministerial career from 1999–2005 ) , Decline & Fall : Diaries 2005–2010 ( 2010 ) and A Walk-On Part : Diaries 1994–1999 ( 2011 ) . Among other things , Mullin recorded his gradual disillusion with the Labour Partys left wing and his rather reluctant support , after Smiths death , for fellow North-Eastern MP Tony Blair ( whom he dubbed The Man ) as the person most likely to lead the party back to power . He admired Blair as a leader and for his capacity to create a broad-based Labour Party . In spite of Iraq , Mullin remains an admirer of Blair , viewing him as a leader of exceptional ability . Peter Riddell of the Times suggested that A View From the Foothills deserved to become the central text for understanding the Blair years , while Decline & Fall , in which Mullin ( by then a backbencher again ) expressed wry consternation at the way the government operated under Blairs successor Gordon Brown , were commended for their independence of outlook , revealing , as Jenni Russell put it in the Sunday Times , Mullins readiness to like people who dont echo his politics . The three volumes were adapted for the stage by Michael Chaplin as A Walk on Part . It premiered at the Live Theatre in Newcastle-upon-Tyne in May 2011 , before moving to the Soho Theatre in London . Mullin regularly gives talks on his diaries , politics and the rise and fall of New Labour . Personal life . Mullins wife , Ngoc , is Vietnamese and they have two daughters , Sarah ( b . 1989 ) and Emma ( b . 1995 ) . Mullin lives in Northumberland and his hobbies include gardening . In football Chris Mullin supported Sunderland A.F.C. , and even mentioned it in the May 1997 State Opening of Parliament speech . Academic honours . On 28 January 2011 , his alma mater , Hull University , awarded him an honorary Doctorate in Law , in recognition of his achievements . In December 2011 , Newcastle University awarded Chris Mullin an honorary degree . Mullin now teaches a module at Newcastle University called The Rise and Fall of New Labour . He was also awarded an honorary degree by the University of Essex in 2011 . Mullin has also received honorary degrees from the University of Sunderland ( 2010 ) and City University London ( 1992 ) . Works . Novels . - A Very British Coup ( 1982 ) - The Last Man Out of Saigon ( 1986 ) - The Year of the Fire Monkey ( 1991 ) - The Friends of Harry Perkins ( 2019 ) Non-fiction . - Error of Judgment : The Truth about the Birmingham Bombings ( ) - A View from the Foothills : The Diaries of Chris Mullin ( 2009 ) ( ) - Decline & Fall : Diaries 2005–2010 ( 2010 ) ( ) - A Walk-On Part : Diaries 1994–1999 ( 2011 ) ( ) - Hinterland ( 2016 ) ( ) As editor . - Tony Benn Arguments for Socialism ( 1979 ) - Tony Benn Arguments for Democracy ( 1981 ) External links . - Personal website - ePolitix : Chris Mullin - Guardian Unlimited Politics – Ask Aristotle : Chris Mullin MP - Chris Mullin MP on TheyWorkForYou.com |
[
"Melissa Babish"
] | easy | Who was the spouse of Terry Bradshaw from 1972 to 1973? | /wiki/Terry_Bradshaw#P26#0 | Terry Bradshaw Terry Paxton Bradshaw ( born September 2 , 1948 ) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback for the Pittsburgh Steelers in the National Football League ( NFL ) . Since 1994 , he has been a television sports analyst and co-host of Fox NFL Sunday . Bradshaw is also an actor and singer , having participated in many television shows and films , most notably starring in the movie Failure to Launch and releasing several country music albums . He played for 14 seasons with Pittsburgh , won four Super Bowl titles in a six-year period ( 1974 , 1975 , 1978 , and 1979 ) , becoming the first quarterback to win three and four Super Bowls , and led the Steelers to eight AFC Central championships . He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1989 , his first year of eligibility . Bradshaw was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1996 . Widely considered to be one of the greatest quarterbacks of all time , Bradshaw is known as a tough competitor and for having one of the most powerful arms in NFL history . His physical skills and on-the-field leadership played a major role in the Steelers history . During his career , he passed for more than 300 yards in a game only seven times , but three of those performances came in the postseason ( two of which were in Super Bowls ) . In four career Super Bowl appearances , he passed for 932 yards and 9 touchdowns , both Super Bowl records at the time of his retirement . In 19 career postseason games , he completed 261 passes for 3,833 yards . Early years . Bradshaw was born in Shreveport , Louisiana . His father , William Marvin Bill Bradshaw ( 1927–2014 ) , a native of Sparta , Tennessee , was a veteran of the United States Navy , a former vice president of manufacturing of the Riley Beaird Company in Shreveport , and a Southern Baptist layman . Terrys mother , Novis ( née Gay ; born 1929 ) , was one of five children of Clifford and Lula Gay of Red River Parish , Louisiana . He has an older brother , Gary , and a younger brother , Craig . The work ethic was particularly strong in the Bradshaw household . In his early childhood , the family lived in Camanche , Iowa , where he set forth the goal to play professional football . When he was a teenager , Bradshaw returned with his family to Shreveport . There , he attended Woodlawn High School , played under assistant coach A . L . Williams , and led the Knights to the AAA state championship game in 1965 , but lost 12–9 to the Sulphur Golden Tornadoes . While at Woodlawn , he set a national record for throwing the javelin at ; his exploits earned him a spot in the Sports Illustrated feature Faces In The Crowd . Bradshaws successor as Woodlawns starting quarterback was another future NFL standout , Joe Ferguson of the Buffalo Bills . Bradshaws Steelers would defeat Fergusons Bills in a 1974 divisional playoff game . College career . Bradshaw decided to attend Louisiana Tech University in Ruston . He has much affinity for his alma mater , and is a member of the Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity . Initially , he was second on the depth chart at quarterback behind Phil Roxie Robertson , who would later become famous as the inventor of the Duck Commander duck call and television personality on the A&E program Duck Dynasty . When he arrived at Tech in 1966 , Bradshaw caused a media frenzy on account of his reputation of being a football sensation from nearby Shreveport . Robertson was a year ahead of Bradshaw , and was the starter for two seasons in 1966 and 1967 , and chose not to play in 1968 . As Robertson put it : Im going for the ducks , you [ Terry ] can go for the bucks . In 1969 , Bradshaw was considered by most professional scouts to be the most outstanding college football player in the nation . As a junior , he amassed 2,890 total yards , ranking No . 1 in the NCAA , and led his team to a 9–2 record and a 33–13 win over Akron in the Rice Bowl . In his senior season , he gained 2,314 yards , ranking third in the NCAA , and led his team to an 8–2 record . His decrease in production was mainly because his team played only 10 games that year , and he was taken out of several games in the second half because his team had built up a huge lead . Bradshaw graduated owning virtually all Louisiana Tech passing records at the time . In 1970 , Bradshaw received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement . In 1984 , he was inducted into the inaugural class of the Louisiana Tech sports hall of fame . Four years later , he was inducted into the state of Louisianas sports hall of fame . NFL career . Pittsburgh Steelers . In the 1970 NFL Draft , Bradshaw was the first overall player selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers . The Steelers drew the first pick in the draft after winning a coin flip tiebreaker with the Chicago Bears due to the teams having identical 1–13 records in 1969 . Bradshaw was hailed at the time as the consensus No . 1 pick . Bradshaw became a starter in his second season after splitting time with Terry Hanratty in his rookie campaign . During his first few seasons , the 63 , 215-pound quarterback was erratic , threw many interceptions ( he threw 210 interceptions over the course of his career ) and was widely ridiculed by the media for his rural roots and perceived lack of intelligence . It took Bradshaw several seasons to adjust to the NFL , but he eventually led the Steelers to eight AFC Central championships and four Super Bowl titles . The Pittsburgh Steelers featured the Steel Curtain defense and a powerful running attack led by Franco Harris and Rocky Bleier , but Bradshaws strong arm gave them the threat of the deep pass , helping to loosen opposing defenses . In 1972 , he threw the Immaculate Reception pass to Franco Harris to beat the Raiders in the AFC Divisional playoffs , which is among the most famous plays in NFL history . Bradshaw temporarily lost the starting job to Joe Gilliam in 1974 , but he took over again during the regular season . In the 1974 AFC Championship Game against the Oakland Raiders , his fourth-quarter touchdown pass to Lynn Swann proved to be the winning score in a 24–13 victory . In the Steelers 16–6 Super Bowl IX victory over the Minnesota Vikings that followed , Bradshaw completed 9 of 14 passes and his fourth-quarter touchdown pass put the game out of reach and helped take the Steelers to their first Super Bowl victory . In Super Bowl X following the 1975 season , Bradshaw threw for 209 yards , most of them to Swann , as the Steelers beat the Dallas Cowboys , 21–17 . His late-4th-quarter , 64-yard touchdown pass to Swann , released a split-second before defensive tackle Larry Cole flattened him , was selected by NFL Films as the Greatest Throw of All Time . Neck and wrist injuries in 1976 forced Bradshaw to miss four games . He was sharp in a 40–14 victory over the Baltimore Colts , completing 14 of 18 passes for 264 yards and three touchdowns , but the Steelers hopes of a three-peat ended when both of their 1,000-yard rushers ( Franco Harris and Rocky Bleier ) were injured in the win over the Colts , and the Steelers subsequently lost to the Oakland Raiders in the AFC Championship game , 24-7 . Jack Lambert asserted that the 1976 Steelers team was the best team that he ever played on , including the four Super Bowl teams of which he was a part . Bradshaw had his finest season in 1978 when he was named the NFLs Most Valuable Player by the Associated Press after a season in which he completed 207 of 368 passes for 2,915 yards and a league-leading 28 touchdown passes . He was also named All-Pro and All-AFC that year , despite throwing 20 interceptions . Before Super Bowl XIII , a Steelers-Cowboys rematch , Cowboys linebacker Thomas Hollywood Henderson famously ridiculed Bradshaw by saying , He couldnt spell Cat if you spotted him the c and the a . Bradshaw got his revenge by winning the Most Valuable Player award , completing 17 of 30 passes for a then-record 318 yards and four touchdowns in a 35–31 win . Bradshaw has in later years made light of the ridicule with quips such as its football , not rocket science . Bradshaw won his second straight Super Bowl MVP award in 1979 in Super Bowl XIV . He passed for 309 yards and two touchdowns in a 31–19 win over the Los Angeles Rams . Early in the fourth quarter , with Pittsburgh down 19–17 , Bradshaw again turned to the long pass to help engineer a victory : a 73-yard touchdown to John Stallworth . Bradshaw shared Sports Illustrateds Sportsman of the Year award that season with fellow Pittsburgh star Willie Stargell , whose Pirates won the 1979 World Series . After two seasons of missing the playoffs , Bradshaw played through pain—he needed a cortisone shot before every game because of an elbow injury sustained during training camp—in a strike-shortened 1982 NFL season . He still managed to tie for the most touchdown passes in the league with 17 . In a 31–28 playoff loss to the San Diego Chargers , Bradshaws last postseason game , he completed 28-of-39 passes for 325 yards , two touchdowns and two interceptions . After undergoing off-season elbow surgery ( using the alias Thomas Brady , with the actual Brady being six years old at the time ) , Bradshaw was idle for the first 14 games of the 1983 NFL season . Then on December 10 , 1983 , against the New York Jets , he felt a pop in his elbow while throwing his final pass , a 10-yard touchdown to Calvin Sweeney in the second quarter of the Steelers 34–7 win . Bradshaw later left the game and never played again . The two touchdowns Bradshaw threw in what would be the final NFL game played at Shea Stadium ( and the last NFL game played in New York City proper to date ) allowed him to finish his career with two more touchdowns ( 212 ) than interceptions ( 210 ) . Bradshaws retirement came as a surprise to some , and in hindsight unplanned on the Steelers part . Before Bradshaws elbow problems came about , the team chose to pass up Pitt quarterback Dan Marino in the 1983 NFL Draft as an heir successor to Bradshaw due in part to head coach Chuck Noll wanting to rebuild on defense and , according to Bill Hillgrove , the Rooney family not wanting Marino to face a lot of pressure in his hometown and needing to experience life outside of Oakland , where Marino grew up and where Pitt is located . The player the Steelers drafted instead ( Gabriel Rivera ) only played six games before becoming a quadriplegic following a drunk driving accident , and Marinos subsequent success with the Miami Dolphins prompted Art Rooney to remind his sons daily until his death that the team shouldve drafted Marino . The decision also set the franchise back at quarterback : while the team would eventually return to being a Super Bowl contender after their rebuilding period during the mid-1980s , the team wouldnt have a consistent quarterback until Ben Roethlisberger arrived in 2004 . Although the Steelers have not officially retired Bradshaws number 12 , they have not reissued it since his retirement and it is understood that no Steeler will ever wear it again . After football . In July 1997 , Bradshaw served as the presenter when Mike Webster , his center on the Steelers Super Bowl XIII and XIV title teams , was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame . In 2006 , despite the Steelers being one of the teams playing in the game , Bradshaw did not attend a pregame celebration for past Super Bowl MVPs during Super Bowl XL in Detroit , Michigan . According to reports , Bradshaw ( along with three-time MVP and close friend Joe Montana ) requested a US$100,000 guarantee for his appearance in the Super Bowl MVP Parade , and associated appearances . The NFL could not guarantee that they would make that much and refused . A representative for Bradshaw has since denied this report . After an appearance on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno ( February 6 , 2006 ) Bradshaw stated that the reason why he did not attend the MVP parade was that he was spending time with family , that he hates the crowds and the Super Bowl media circus , and also that the only way he would attend a Super Bowl is when Fox is broadcasting the game ( it was ABC who broadcast Super Bowl XL , which is that networks last such game to date ) , though Bradshaw attended several press conferences in Detroit days earlier . Bradshaw also stated that money was not an issue . In April 2006 , Bradshaw donated his four Super Bowl rings , College Football Hall of Fame ring , Pro Football Hall of Fame ring , Hall of Fame bust , four miniature replica Super Bowl trophies , and a helmet and jersey from one of his Super Bowl victories to his alma mater , Louisiana Tech . On November 5 , 2007 , during a nationally televised Monday Night Football game , Bradshaw joined former teammates including Franco Harris and Joe Greene to accept their position on the Pittsburgh Steelers 75th Anniversary All-Time Team . Broadcasting career . Bradshaw retired from football on July 24 , 1984 , and quickly signed a television contract with CBS to become an NFL game analyst in 1984 , where he and play-by-play announcer Verne Lundquist had the top rated programs . Prior to his full-time work for them , he served as a guest commentator for CBS Sports NFC postseason broadcasts from 1980–82 . Bradshaw was promoted into television studio analyst for The NFL Today in 1990 ( which he hosted with Greg Gumbel through the 1993 season ) . In 1994 , with the Fox network establishing its sports division with their purchase of NFL TV rights , Bradshaw joined Fox NFL Sunday , where he normally acts as a comic foil to his co-hosts . On Fox NFL Sunday he hosts two semi-regular features , Ten Yards with TB , where he fires random questions at an NFL pro , and The Terry Awards , an annual comedic award show about the NFL season . As a cross-promotional stunt , he also hosted two consecutive Digi-Bowl specials in 2001 and 2002 on Fox Kids , providing commentary from the NFL on Fox studio in-between episodes of ; the 2002 special was the final one as the Fox Kids block ended the same year . He appeared on the first broadcast of NASCAR on FOX where he took a ride with Dale Earnhardt at Daytona International Speedway the night before Earnhardt was killed in a last lap crash in the Daytona 500 . Bradshaw also waved the green flag at the start of the ill-fated race . Bradshaw has the reputation of being the ol redneck , but , in co-host and former NFL coach Jimmy Johnsons words , the act is a schtick . According to Johnson , Bradshaw deflects such criticism by stating that hes so dumb that he has to have somebody else fly his private plane . Bradshaw has also garnered the reputation for criticizing players and teams . Following Super Bowl XLVI he was confronted by Ann Mara , wife of the late Wellington Mara , and heckled for not picking the Giants to win on Fox NFL Sunday . For his work in broadcasting , Bradshaw has won three Sports Emmy Awards as a studio analyst . Business career . During the early part of his career with the Steelers , Bradshaw was a used car salesman during the off-season to supplement his income , as this was still during the days when most NFL players didnt make enough money to focus solely on football . In the late 1970s and early 1980s , Bradshaw sold peanut butter with his name and image on the label . Commercials were run on television in the Shreveport market . Bradshaw has also written or co-written five books and recorded six albums of country/western and gospel music . His cover of Im So Lonesome I Could Cry hit Top 20 on Billboards country chart ( and No . 91 on the Hot 100 ) in 1976 ; two other tunes ( The Last Word In Lonesome Is Me and Until You ) also made the country charts . In 2001 , Bradshaw entered the world of NASCAR by joining with HighLine Performance Group racing team to form FitzBradshaw Racing . He also is the spokesman for Jani-King international , Inc . Bradshaw ended his ownership in 2006 . Among U.S . consumers , Bradshaw remains one of pro footballs most popular retired players . As of September 2007 , Bradshaw was the top-ranked former pro football player in the Davie-Brown Index ( DBI ) , which surveys consumers to determine a celebritys appeal and trust levels . Personal life . Bradshaw has been married four times . He was first married to Melissa Babish ( Miss Teenage America , 1969 ) from 1972–73 ; to ice skater JoJo Starbuck from 1976–83 ; and to family attorney Charla Hopkins , who is the mother of his two daughters , Rachel and Erin , from 1983-99 . Erin Bradshaw shows champion paint and quarter horses and is an honors graduate of the University of North Texas in Denton , Texas . Rachel Bradshaw is a graduate of Belmont University in Nashville , Tennessee , and appeared in Nashville ( 2007 ) , a reality television series about young musicians trying to make it in Nashville , and is the widow of former Tennessee Titans kicker Rob Bironas . The first three of Bradshaws marriages have all ended in divorce , a subject he ridicules frequently on his NFL pre-game show . Bradshaw was married for the fourth time , on July 8 , 2014 , to Tammy , his girlfriend of 15 years . After his NFL career ended , Bradshaw disclosed that he had frequently experienced anxiety attacks after games . The problem worsened in the late 1990s after his third divorce , when he said he could not bounce back as he had after the previous divorces or after a bad game . In addition to anxiety attacks , his symptoms included weight loss , frequent crying , and sleeplessness . He was diagnosed with clinical depression . Since then he has taken Paxil regularly . He chose to speak out about his depression to overcome the stigma associated with it and to urge others to seek help . Bradshaws anxieties about appearing in public , away from the controlled environment of a television studio , led to an unintentional estrangement from the Steelers . When team founder and owner Art Rooney died in 1988 , Bradshaw did not attend his funeral . A year later , during his Hall of Fame induction speech , Bradshaw made a point of saluting his late boss and friend , pointing to the sky and saying , Art Rooney .. . boy , I tell you , I loved that man . Still , Bradshaw never returned to Three Rivers Stadium for a Steelers game . When the last regular-season game was played there on December 16 , 2000 , Bradshaw was with the Fox NFL Sunday crew , doing their pre-game show aboard the aircraft carrier USS Harry S . Truman , while Fox covered the game live . Bradshaw expressed regret that he could not be there , but would later say privately that he did not feel he could face the crowds . It would not be until September 2002 , when fellow Hall of Fame teammate and longtime friend Mike Webster died , that Bradshaw finally returned to Pittsburgh to attend his friends funeral . In October 2002 , Bradshaw returned to the Steelers sideline for the first time in twenty years for a Monday night between the Steelers and the Indianapolis Colts . In 2003 , when the Steelers played the 1,000th game in franchise history , Fox covered the game at Heinz Field , and Bradshaw returned to cover the game . In addition to appearing to take his position on the Steelers All-Time Team in 2007 as part of the teams 75th-anniversary festivities , he also was on the sideline for the 2007 home opener , where the Steelers earned their 500th regular-season win . Politically , Bradshaw is a long-time supporter of the Republican Party . In 2012 , he went on record on Fox News as supporting the candidacy of Newt Gingrich for the Republican presidential nomination . In the same interview , he also labeled linebacker Terrell Suggs an idiot for making comments critical of Denver Broncos quarterback Tim Tebows public remarks about his Christian faith , saying Suggs better be careful ; if I were him Id be on my hands and knees tonight asking for forgiveness because thats totally unacceptable . Relationship with Chuck Noll . While Terry Bradshaw never had any problems with the Rooney family , he had a complicated relationship with Steelers head coach Chuck Noll . Noll and Bradshaw had an uneasy relationship during his playing days , with Bradshaw stating that he felt that Noll was too hard on him and never liked him , though the two made peace ( at least publicly ) before Nolls death in 2014 . In an interview with NFL Films in 2016 for an episode of A Football Life about Noll , Bradshaw felt that the two had too much of a culture clash with their personalities . Bradshaw also stated that Noll belittled him constantly and wanted positive reinforcement instead of being grabbed at . In the same episode , however , former Steelers public relations director Joe Gordon characterized the animosity as a one-way street , with former teammate Jack Ham adding that Noll insulated Bradshaw from certain issues while taking a rest of us be damned approach with the other players . In an archival interview , Noll described his relationship with Bradshaw as professional and business-like and that his personality needed to conform with the team , adding that it worked , even if Bradshaw didnt like it . Nonetheless , Bradshaw chose not to attend Nolls funeral despite being in Pittsburgh at the time . Television and film career . Bradshaw has appeared in numerous television commercials . The most recent was the series of live-ads for Tide detergent along with his Fox Sports co-host Curt Menefee , where Bradshaw shows up with a shirt stain on what appeared to be live TV from the Fox broadcast booth at Super Bowl LI and then washes it with Tide at the house of Jeffrey Tambor . The teasers leading up to the Super Bowl showed Tambor initially taking his shirts to Rob Gronkowskis dry cleaners only to see the sleeves get ripped out . Near the end of the Super Bowl , Menefee spills coffee on his shirt but Tambor who is watching on TV refuses to help out . Bradshaw has had cameo appearances in many shows as himself , including Brotherly Love , Everybody Loves Raymond , Married.. . with Children , Modern Family , The Larry Sanders Show and The League . He also appeared on Malcolm in the Middle with Howie Long as the trashy coach of a womens ice hockey team . He hosted a short-lived television series in 1997 called Home Team with Terry Bradshaw . In addition to his television work , Bradshaw has appeared in several movies , including a part in the 1978 film Hooper which starred Burt Reynolds , Jan-Michael Vincent , and Sally Field , and made an appearance in the 1981 film The Cannonball Run . In 1980 , he had a cameo in Smokey and the Bandit II which starred Burt Reynolds , Jerry Reed , and Sally Field . He made a guest appearance in The Adventures of Brisco County , Jr . in 1994 , playing Colonel Forrest March , a rogue U.S . Army officer who gave orders to his squad ( played by NFL members Ken Norton , Jr. , Carl Banks , and Jim Harbaugh ) in a huddle using football diagrams . Bradshaw appeared on Jeff Foxworthys short-lived sitcom , The Jeff Foxworthy Show as a motivational speaker for people needing to change their lives . Bill Engvalls character is affected by Bradshaws rantings about witchcraft and voodoo in his pre-game warm-ups . On October 11 , 2001 , Bradshaw received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , the first NFL player to do so ( Terry Crews was the second ) . In 2006 , Bradshaw returned to the silver screen in the motion picture Failure to Launch . He and Kathy Bates played the parents of Matthew McConaugheys character . In one notable scene he appeared nude , which his own daughters ( who were teenagers at the time ) didnt even know about until they saw the movies premiere with their grandmother and was half-heartedly warned by Bradshaw just moments before the scene . Bradshaws nude scene would be referenced by Jay Leno , who spent an entire segment mocking during an appearance on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno . He mentioned on May 23 , 2008 , on The Tonight Show that he has been a guest 37 times , and that 34 of them were on a Friday , which happens to be the lowest watched night of television . He pleasantly joked with Jay about being a filler guest . He made a similar reference in an appearance on March 15 , 2010 , stating he was asked to guest because of a cancellation . Jay stated that at least he was not appearing on Friday , which hosts the more well-known celebrity guests . As of December 28 , 2012 , Bradshaw has made 50 appearances on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno . He is also a devout Christian and wrote the book Terry Bradshaw : Man of Steel with broadcaster Dave Diles . Since 2010 , Bradshaw has been hosting television shows produced by United States Media Television . In 2016 and 2018 , Bradshaw had a leading role in the NBC reality-travel series Better Late Than Never , where he travels around the world with William Shatner , Henry Winkler , George Foreman and Jeff Dye . In 2017 , he had a supporting role as a fictionalized version of himself in the comedy film Father Figures . On January 16 , 2019 , he was revealed on the third episode of The Masked Singer to be The Deer . On January 2 , 2020 , he was on the season 8 premiere of Last Man Standing . On September 17 , 2020 , Terry and family premiered in the new E ! reality show The Bradshaw Bunch . Discography . Guest appearances . - Married.. . with Children ( Dud Bowl II , 1995 ) - NFL Country ( with Glen Campbell on You Never Know Just How Good Youve Got It , 1996 ) - Everybody Loves Raymond ( Debras Sick , 1997 ) - The League ( Sunday at Ruxins , 2009 ) - Modern Family ( Brushes With Celebrity , 2017 ) - The Masked Singer - ( The Deer , 2019 ) - Celebrity Ghost Stories - ( Terry Bradshaw , 2020 ) |
[
"JoJo Starbuck"
] | easy | Who was Terry Bradshaw 's spouse from Jun 1976 to 1983? | /wiki/Terry_Bradshaw#P26#1 | Terry Bradshaw Terry Paxton Bradshaw ( born September 2 , 1948 ) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback for the Pittsburgh Steelers in the National Football League ( NFL ) . Since 1994 , he has been a television sports analyst and co-host of Fox NFL Sunday . Bradshaw is also an actor and singer , having participated in many television shows and films , most notably starring in the movie Failure to Launch and releasing several country music albums . He played for 14 seasons with Pittsburgh , won four Super Bowl titles in a six-year period ( 1974 , 1975 , 1978 , and 1979 ) , becoming the first quarterback to win three and four Super Bowls , and led the Steelers to eight AFC Central championships . He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1989 , his first year of eligibility . Bradshaw was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1996 . Widely considered to be one of the greatest quarterbacks of all time , Bradshaw is known as a tough competitor and for having one of the most powerful arms in NFL history . His physical skills and on-the-field leadership played a major role in the Steelers history . During his career , he passed for more than 300 yards in a game only seven times , but three of those performances came in the postseason ( two of which were in Super Bowls ) . In four career Super Bowl appearances , he passed for 932 yards and 9 touchdowns , both Super Bowl records at the time of his retirement . In 19 career postseason games , he completed 261 passes for 3,833 yards . Early years . Bradshaw was born in Shreveport , Louisiana . His father , William Marvin Bill Bradshaw ( 1927–2014 ) , a native of Sparta , Tennessee , was a veteran of the United States Navy , a former vice president of manufacturing of the Riley Beaird Company in Shreveport , and a Southern Baptist layman . Terrys mother , Novis ( née Gay ; born 1929 ) , was one of five children of Clifford and Lula Gay of Red River Parish , Louisiana . He has an older brother , Gary , and a younger brother , Craig . The work ethic was particularly strong in the Bradshaw household . In his early childhood , the family lived in Camanche , Iowa , where he set forth the goal to play professional football . When he was a teenager , Bradshaw returned with his family to Shreveport . There , he attended Woodlawn High School , played under assistant coach A . L . Williams , and led the Knights to the AAA state championship game in 1965 , but lost 12–9 to the Sulphur Golden Tornadoes . While at Woodlawn , he set a national record for throwing the javelin at ; his exploits earned him a spot in the Sports Illustrated feature Faces In The Crowd . Bradshaws successor as Woodlawns starting quarterback was another future NFL standout , Joe Ferguson of the Buffalo Bills . Bradshaws Steelers would defeat Fergusons Bills in a 1974 divisional playoff game . College career . Bradshaw decided to attend Louisiana Tech University in Ruston . He has much affinity for his alma mater , and is a member of the Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity . Initially , he was second on the depth chart at quarterback behind Phil Roxie Robertson , who would later become famous as the inventor of the Duck Commander duck call and television personality on the A&E program Duck Dynasty . When he arrived at Tech in 1966 , Bradshaw caused a media frenzy on account of his reputation of being a football sensation from nearby Shreveport . Robertson was a year ahead of Bradshaw , and was the starter for two seasons in 1966 and 1967 , and chose not to play in 1968 . As Robertson put it : Im going for the ducks , you [ Terry ] can go for the bucks . In 1969 , Bradshaw was considered by most professional scouts to be the most outstanding college football player in the nation . As a junior , he amassed 2,890 total yards , ranking No . 1 in the NCAA , and led his team to a 9–2 record and a 33–13 win over Akron in the Rice Bowl . In his senior season , he gained 2,314 yards , ranking third in the NCAA , and led his team to an 8–2 record . His decrease in production was mainly because his team played only 10 games that year , and he was taken out of several games in the second half because his team had built up a huge lead . Bradshaw graduated owning virtually all Louisiana Tech passing records at the time . In 1970 , Bradshaw received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement . In 1984 , he was inducted into the inaugural class of the Louisiana Tech sports hall of fame . Four years later , he was inducted into the state of Louisianas sports hall of fame . NFL career . Pittsburgh Steelers . In the 1970 NFL Draft , Bradshaw was the first overall player selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers . The Steelers drew the first pick in the draft after winning a coin flip tiebreaker with the Chicago Bears due to the teams having identical 1–13 records in 1969 . Bradshaw was hailed at the time as the consensus No . 1 pick . Bradshaw became a starter in his second season after splitting time with Terry Hanratty in his rookie campaign . During his first few seasons , the 63 , 215-pound quarterback was erratic , threw many interceptions ( he threw 210 interceptions over the course of his career ) and was widely ridiculed by the media for his rural roots and perceived lack of intelligence . It took Bradshaw several seasons to adjust to the NFL , but he eventually led the Steelers to eight AFC Central championships and four Super Bowl titles . The Pittsburgh Steelers featured the Steel Curtain defense and a powerful running attack led by Franco Harris and Rocky Bleier , but Bradshaws strong arm gave them the threat of the deep pass , helping to loosen opposing defenses . In 1972 , he threw the Immaculate Reception pass to Franco Harris to beat the Raiders in the AFC Divisional playoffs , which is among the most famous plays in NFL history . Bradshaw temporarily lost the starting job to Joe Gilliam in 1974 , but he took over again during the regular season . In the 1974 AFC Championship Game against the Oakland Raiders , his fourth-quarter touchdown pass to Lynn Swann proved to be the winning score in a 24–13 victory . In the Steelers 16–6 Super Bowl IX victory over the Minnesota Vikings that followed , Bradshaw completed 9 of 14 passes and his fourth-quarter touchdown pass put the game out of reach and helped take the Steelers to their first Super Bowl victory . In Super Bowl X following the 1975 season , Bradshaw threw for 209 yards , most of them to Swann , as the Steelers beat the Dallas Cowboys , 21–17 . His late-4th-quarter , 64-yard touchdown pass to Swann , released a split-second before defensive tackle Larry Cole flattened him , was selected by NFL Films as the Greatest Throw of All Time . Neck and wrist injuries in 1976 forced Bradshaw to miss four games . He was sharp in a 40–14 victory over the Baltimore Colts , completing 14 of 18 passes for 264 yards and three touchdowns , but the Steelers hopes of a three-peat ended when both of their 1,000-yard rushers ( Franco Harris and Rocky Bleier ) were injured in the win over the Colts , and the Steelers subsequently lost to the Oakland Raiders in the AFC Championship game , 24-7 . Jack Lambert asserted that the 1976 Steelers team was the best team that he ever played on , including the four Super Bowl teams of which he was a part . Bradshaw had his finest season in 1978 when he was named the NFLs Most Valuable Player by the Associated Press after a season in which he completed 207 of 368 passes for 2,915 yards and a league-leading 28 touchdown passes . He was also named All-Pro and All-AFC that year , despite throwing 20 interceptions . Before Super Bowl XIII , a Steelers-Cowboys rematch , Cowboys linebacker Thomas Hollywood Henderson famously ridiculed Bradshaw by saying , He couldnt spell Cat if you spotted him the c and the a . Bradshaw got his revenge by winning the Most Valuable Player award , completing 17 of 30 passes for a then-record 318 yards and four touchdowns in a 35–31 win . Bradshaw has in later years made light of the ridicule with quips such as its football , not rocket science . Bradshaw won his second straight Super Bowl MVP award in 1979 in Super Bowl XIV . He passed for 309 yards and two touchdowns in a 31–19 win over the Los Angeles Rams . Early in the fourth quarter , with Pittsburgh down 19–17 , Bradshaw again turned to the long pass to help engineer a victory : a 73-yard touchdown to John Stallworth . Bradshaw shared Sports Illustrateds Sportsman of the Year award that season with fellow Pittsburgh star Willie Stargell , whose Pirates won the 1979 World Series . After two seasons of missing the playoffs , Bradshaw played through pain—he needed a cortisone shot before every game because of an elbow injury sustained during training camp—in a strike-shortened 1982 NFL season . He still managed to tie for the most touchdown passes in the league with 17 . In a 31–28 playoff loss to the San Diego Chargers , Bradshaws last postseason game , he completed 28-of-39 passes for 325 yards , two touchdowns and two interceptions . After undergoing off-season elbow surgery ( using the alias Thomas Brady , with the actual Brady being six years old at the time ) , Bradshaw was idle for the first 14 games of the 1983 NFL season . Then on December 10 , 1983 , against the New York Jets , he felt a pop in his elbow while throwing his final pass , a 10-yard touchdown to Calvin Sweeney in the second quarter of the Steelers 34–7 win . Bradshaw later left the game and never played again . The two touchdowns Bradshaw threw in what would be the final NFL game played at Shea Stadium ( and the last NFL game played in New York City proper to date ) allowed him to finish his career with two more touchdowns ( 212 ) than interceptions ( 210 ) . Bradshaws retirement came as a surprise to some , and in hindsight unplanned on the Steelers part . Before Bradshaws elbow problems came about , the team chose to pass up Pitt quarterback Dan Marino in the 1983 NFL Draft as an heir successor to Bradshaw due in part to head coach Chuck Noll wanting to rebuild on defense and , according to Bill Hillgrove , the Rooney family not wanting Marino to face a lot of pressure in his hometown and needing to experience life outside of Oakland , where Marino grew up and where Pitt is located . The player the Steelers drafted instead ( Gabriel Rivera ) only played six games before becoming a quadriplegic following a drunk driving accident , and Marinos subsequent success with the Miami Dolphins prompted Art Rooney to remind his sons daily until his death that the team shouldve drafted Marino . The decision also set the franchise back at quarterback : while the team would eventually return to being a Super Bowl contender after their rebuilding period during the mid-1980s , the team wouldnt have a consistent quarterback until Ben Roethlisberger arrived in 2004 . Although the Steelers have not officially retired Bradshaws number 12 , they have not reissued it since his retirement and it is understood that no Steeler will ever wear it again . After football . In July 1997 , Bradshaw served as the presenter when Mike Webster , his center on the Steelers Super Bowl XIII and XIV title teams , was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame . In 2006 , despite the Steelers being one of the teams playing in the game , Bradshaw did not attend a pregame celebration for past Super Bowl MVPs during Super Bowl XL in Detroit , Michigan . According to reports , Bradshaw ( along with three-time MVP and close friend Joe Montana ) requested a US$100,000 guarantee for his appearance in the Super Bowl MVP Parade , and associated appearances . The NFL could not guarantee that they would make that much and refused . A representative for Bradshaw has since denied this report . After an appearance on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno ( February 6 , 2006 ) Bradshaw stated that the reason why he did not attend the MVP parade was that he was spending time with family , that he hates the crowds and the Super Bowl media circus , and also that the only way he would attend a Super Bowl is when Fox is broadcasting the game ( it was ABC who broadcast Super Bowl XL , which is that networks last such game to date ) , though Bradshaw attended several press conferences in Detroit days earlier . Bradshaw also stated that money was not an issue . In April 2006 , Bradshaw donated his four Super Bowl rings , College Football Hall of Fame ring , Pro Football Hall of Fame ring , Hall of Fame bust , four miniature replica Super Bowl trophies , and a helmet and jersey from one of his Super Bowl victories to his alma mater , Louisiana Tech . On November 5 , 2007 , during a nationally televised Monday Night Football game , Bradshaw joined former teammates including Franco Harris and Joe Greene to accept their position on the Pittsburgh Steelers 75th Anniversary All-Time Team . Broadcasting career . Bradshaw retired from football on July 24 , 1984 , and quickly signed a television contract with CBS to become an NFL game analyst in 1984 , where he and play-by-play announcer Verne Lundquist had the top rated programs . Prior to his full-time work for them , he served as a guest commentator for CBS Sports NFC postseason broadcasts from 1980–82 . Bradshaw was promoted into television studio analyst for The NFL Today in 1990 ( which he hosted with Greg Gumbel through the 1993 season ) . In 1994 , with the Fox network establishing its sports division with their purchase of NFL TV rights , Bradshaw joined Fox NFL Sunday , where he normally acts as a comic foil to his co-hosts . On Fox NFL Sunday he hosts two semi-regular features , Ten Yards with TB , where he fires random questions at an NFL pro , and The Terry Awards , an annual comedic award show about the NFL season . As a cross-promotional stunt , he also hosted two consecutive Digi-Bowl specials in 2001 and 2002 on Fox Kids , providing commentary from the NFL on Fox studio in-between episodes of ; the 2002 special was the final one as the Fox Kids block ended the same year . He appeared on the first broadcast of NASCAR on FOX where he took a ride with Dale Earnhardt at Daytona International Speedway the night before Earnhardt was killed in a last lap crash in the Daytona 500 . Bradshaw also waved the green flag at the start of the ill-fated race . Bradshaw has the reputation of being the ol redneck , but , in co-host and former NFL coach Jimmy Johnsons words , the act is a schtick . According to Johnson , Bradshaw deflects such criticism by stating that hes so dumb that he has to have somebody else fly his private plane . Bradshaw has also garnered the reputation for criticizing players and teams . Following Super Bowl XLVI he was confronted by Ann Mara , wife of the late Wellington Mara , and heckled for not picking the Giants to win on Fox NFL Sunday . For his work in broadcasting , Bradshaw has won three Sports Emmy Awards as a studio analyst . Business career . During the early part of his career with the Steelers , Bradshaw was a used car salesman during the off-season to supplement his income , as this was still during the days when most NFL players didnt make enough money to focus solely on football . In the late 1970s and early 1980s , Bradshaw sold peanut butter with his name and image on the label . Commercials were run on television in the Shreveport market . Bradshaw has also written or co-written five books and recorded six albums of country/western and gospel music . His cover of Im So Lonesome I Could Cry hit Top 20 on Billboards country chart ( and No . 91 on the Hot 100 ) in 1976 ; two other tunes ( The Last Word In Lonesome Is Me and Until You ) also made the country charts . In 2001 , Bradshaw entered the world of NASCAR by joining with HighLine Performance Group racing team to form FitzBradshaw Racing . He also is the spokesman for Jani-King international , Inc . Bradshaw ended his ownership in 2006 . Among U.S . consumers , Bradshaw remains one of pro footballs most popular retired players . As of September 2007 , Bradshaw was the top-ranked former pro football player in the Davie-Brown Index ( DBI ) , which surveys consumers to determine a celebritys appeal and trust levels . Personal life . Bradshaw has been married four times . He was first married to Melissa Babish ( Miss Teenage America , 1969 ) from 1972–73 ; to ice skater JoJo Starbuck from 1976–83 ; and to family attorney Charla Hopkins , who is the mother of his two daughters , Rachel and Erin , from 1983-99 . Erin Bradshaw shows champion paint and quarter horses and is an honors graduate of the University of North Texas in Denton , Texas . Rachel Bradshaw is a graduate of Belmont University in Nashville , Tennessee , and appeared in Nashville ( 2007 ) , a reality television series about young musicians trying to make it in Nashville , and is the widow of former Tennessee Titans kicker Rob Bironas . The first three of Bradshaws marriages have all ended in divorce , a subject he ridicules frequently on his NFL pre-game show . Bradshaw was married for the fourth time , on July 8 , 2014 , to Tammy , his girlfriend of 15 years . After his NFL career ended , Bradshaw disclosed that he had frequently experienced anxiety attacks after games . The problem worsened in the late 1990s after his third divorce , when he said he could not bounce back as he had after the previous divorces or after a bad game . In addition to anxiety attacks , his symptoms included weight loss , frequent crying , and sleeplessness . He was diagnosed with clinical depression . Since then he has taken Paxil regularly . He chose to speak out about his depression to overcome the stigma associated with it and to urge others to seek help . Bradshaws anxieties about appearing in public , away from the controlled environment of a television studio , led to an unintentional estrangement from the Steelers . When team founder and owner Art Rooney died in 1988 , Bradshaw did not attend his funeral . A year later , during his Hall of Fame induction speech , Bradshaw made a point of saluting his late boss and friend , pointing to the sky and saying , Art Rooney .. . boy , I tell you , I loved that man . Still , Bradshaw never returned to Three Rivers Stadium for a Steelers game . When the last regular-season game was played there on December 16 , 2000 , Bradshaw was with the Fox NFL Sunday crew , doing their pre-game show aboard the aircraft carrier USS Harry S . Truman , while Fox covered the game live . Bradshaw expressed regret that he could not be there , but would later say privately that he did not feel he could face the crowds . It would not be until September 2002 , when fellow Hall of Fame teammate and longtime friend Mike Webster died , that Bradshaw finally returned to Pittsburgh to attend his friends funeral . In October 2002 , Bradshaw returned to the Steelers sideline for the first time in twenty years for a Monday night between the Steelers and the Indianapolis Colts . In 2003 , when the Steelers played the 1,000th game in franchise history , Fox covered the game at Heinz Field , and Bradshaw returned to cover the game . In addition to appearing to take his position on the Steelers All-Time Team in 2007 as part of the teams 75th-anniversary festivities , he also was on the sideline for the 2007 home opener , where the Steelers earned their 500th regular-season win . Politically , Bradshaw is a long-time supporter of the Republican Party . In 2012 , he went on record on Fox News as supporting the candidacy of Newt Gingrich for the Republican presidential nomination . In the same interview , he also labeled linebacker Terrell Suggs an idiot for making comments critical of Denver Broncos quarterback Tim Tebows public remarks about his Christian faith , saying Suggs better be careful ; if I were him Id be on my hands and knees tonight asking for forgiveness because thats totally unacceptable . Relationship with Chuck Noll . While Terry Bradshaw never had any problems with the Rooney family , he had a complicated relationship with Steelers head coach Chuck Noll . Noll and Bradshaw had an uneasy relationship during his playing days , with Bradshaw stating that he felt that Noll was too hard on him and never liked him , though the two made peace ( at least publicly ) before Nolls death in 2014 . In an interview with NFL Films in 2016 for an episode of A Football Life about Noll , Bradshaw felt that the two had too much of a culture clash with their personalities . Bradshaw also stated that Noll belittled him constantly and wanted positive reinforcement instead of being grabbed at . In the same episode , however , former Steelers public relations director Joe Gordon characterized the animosity as a one-way street , with former teammate Jack Ham adding that Noll insulated Bradshaw from certain issues while taking a rest of us be damned approach with the other players . In an archival interview , Noll described his relationship with Bradshaw as professional and business-like and that his personality needed to conform with the team , adding that it worked , even if Bradshaw didnt like it . Nonetheless , Bradshaw chose not to attend Nolls funeral despite being in Pittsburgh at the time . Television and film career . Bradshaw has appeared in numerous television commercials . The most recent was the series of live-ads for Tide detergent along with his Fox Sports co-host Curt Menefee , where Bradshaw shows up with a shirt stain on what appeared to be live TV from the Fox broadcast booth at Super Bowl LI and then washes it with Tide at the house of Jeffrey Tambor . The teasers leading up to the Super Bowl showed Tambor initially taking his shirts to Rob Gronkowskis dry cleaners only to see the sleeves get ripped out . Near the end of the Super Bowl , Menefee spills coffee on his shirt but Tambor who is watching on TV refuses to help out . Bradshaw has had cameo appearances in many shows as himself , including Brotherly Love , Everybody Loves Raymond , Married.. . with Children , Modern Family , The Larry Sanders Show and The League . He also appeared on Malcolm in the Middle with Howie Long as the trashy coach of a womens ice hockey team . He hosted a short-lived television series in 1997 called Home Team with Terry Bradshaw . In addition to his television work , Bradshaw has appeared in several movies , including a part in the 1978 film Hooper which starred Burt Reynolds , Jan-Michael Vincent , and Sally Field , and made an appearance in the 1981 film The Cannonball Run . In 1980 , he had a cameo in Smokey and the Bandit II which starred Burt Reynolds , Jerry Reed , and Sally Field . He made a guest appearance in The Adventures of Brisco County , Jr . in 1994 , playing Colonel Forrest March , a rogue U.S . Army officer who gave orders to his squad ( played by NFL members Ken Norton , Jr. , Carl Banks , and Jim Harbaugh ) in a huddle using football diagrams . Bradshaw appeared on Jeff Foxworthys short-lived sitcom , The Jeff Foxworthy Show as a motivational speaker for people needing to change their lives . Bill Engvalls character is affected by Bradshaws rantings about witchcraft and voodoo in his pre-game warm-ups . On October 11 , 2001 , Bradshaw received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , the first NFL player to do so ( Terry Crews was the second ) . In 2006 , Bradshaw returned to the silver screen in the motion picture Failure to Launch . He and Kathy Bates played the parents of Matthew McConaugheys character . In one notable scene he appeared nude , which his own daughters ( who were teenagers at the time ) didnt even know about until they saw the movies premiere with their grandmother and was half-heartedly warned by Bradshaw just moments before the scene . Bradshaws nude scene would be referenced by Jay Leno , who spent an entire segment mocking during an appearance on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno . He mentioned on May 23 , 2008 , on The Tonight Show that he has been a guest 37 times , and that 34 of them were on a Friday , which happens to be the lowest watched night of television . He pleasantly joked with Jay about being a filler guest . He made a similar reference in an appearance on March 15 , 2010 , stating he was asked to guest because of a cancellation . Jay stated that at least he was not appearing on Friday , which hosts the more well-known celebrity guests . As of December 28 , 2012 , Bradshaw has made 50 appearances on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno . He is also a devout Christian and wrote the book Terry Bradshaw : Man of Steel with broadcaster Dave Diles . Since 2010 , Bradshaw has been hosting television shows produced by United States Media Television . In 2016 and 2018 , Bradshaw had a leading role in the NBC reality-travel series Better Late Than Never , where he travels around the world with William Shatner , Henry Winkler , George Foreman and Jeff Dye . In 2017 , he had a supporting role as a fictionalized version of himself in the comedy film Father Figures . On January 16 , 2019 , he was revealed on the third episode of The Masked Singer to be The Deer . On January 2 , 2020 , he was on the season 8 premiere of Last Man Standing . On September 17 , 2020 , Terry and family premiered in the new E ! reality show The Bradshaw Bunch . Discography . Guest appearances . - Married.. . with Children ( Dud Bowl II , 1995 ) - NFL Country ( with Glen Campbell on You Never Know Just How Good Youve Got It , 1996 ) - Everybody Loves Raymond ( Debras Sick , 1997 ) - The League ( Sunday at Ruxins , 2009 ) - Modern Family ( Brushes With Celebrity , 2017 ) - The Masked Singer - ( The Deer , 2019 ) - Celebrity Ghost Stories - ( Terry Bradshaw , 2020 ) |
[
"Charla Hopkins"
] | easy | Who was the spouse of Terry Bradshaw from 1983 to 1999? | /wiki/Terry_Bradshaw#P26#2 | Terry Bradshaw Terry Paxton Bradshaw ( born September 2 , 1948 ) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback for the Pittsburgh Steelers in the National Football League ( NFL ) . Since 1994 , he has been a television sports analyst and co-host of Fox NFL Sunday . Bradshaw is also an actor and singer , having participated in many television shows and films , most notably starring in the movie Failure to Launch and releasing several country music albums . He played for 14 seasons with Pittsburgh , won four Super Bowl titles in a six-year period ( 1974 , 1975 , 1978 , and 1979 ) , becoming the first quarterback to win three and four Super Bowls , and led the Steelers to eight AFC Central championships . He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1989 , his first year of eligibility . Bradshaw was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1996 . Widely considered to be one of the greatest quarterbacks of all time , Bradshaw is known as a tough competitor and for having one of the most powerful arms in NFL history . His physical skills and on-the-field leadership played a major role in the Steelers history . During his career , he passed for more than 300 yards in a game only seven times , but three of those performances came in the postseason ( two of which were in Super Bowls ) . In four career Super Bowl appearances , he passed for 932 yards and 9 touchdowns , both Super Bowl records at the time of his retirement . In 19 career postseason games , he completed 261 passes for 3,833 yards . Early years . Bradshaw was born in Shreveport , Louisiana . His father , William Marvin Bill Bradshaw ( 1927–2014 ) , a native of Sparta , Tennessee , was a veteran of the United States Navy , a former vice president of manufacturing of the Riley Beaird Company in Shreveport , and a Southern Baptist layman . Terrys mother , Novis ( née Gay ; born 1929 ) , was one of five children of Clifford and Lula Gay of Red River Parish , Louisiana . He has an older brother , Gary , and a younger brother , Craig . The work ethic was particularly strong in the Bradshaw household . In his early childhood , the family lived in Camanche , Iowa , where he set forth the goal to play professional football . When he was a teenager , Bradshaw returned with his family to Shreveport . There , he attended Woodlawn High School , played under assistant coach A . L . Williams , and led the Knights to the AAA state championship game in 1965 , but lost 12–9 to the Sulphur Golden Tornadoes . While at Woodlawn , he set a national record for throwing the javelin at ; his exploits earned him a spot in the Sports Illustrated feature Faces In The Crowd . Bradshaws successor as Woodlawns starting quarterback was another future NFL standout , Joe Ferguson of the Buffalo Bills . Bradshaws Steelers would defeat Fergusons Bills in a 1974 divisional playoff game . College career . Bradshaw decided to attend Louisiana Tech University in Ruston . He has much affinity for his alma mater , and is a member of the Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity . Initially , he was second on the depth chart at quarterback behind Phil Roxie Robertson , who would later become famous as the inventor of the Duck Commander duck call and television personality on the A&E program Duck Dynasty . When he arrived at Tech in 1966 , Bradshaw caused a media frenzy on account of his reputation of being a football sensation from nearby Shreveport . Robertson was a year ahead of Bradshaw , and was the starter for two seasons in 1966 and 1967 , and chose not to play in 1968 . As Robertson put it : Im going for the ducks , you [ Terry ] can go for the bucks . In 1969 , Bradshaw was considered by most professional scouts to be the most outstanding college football player in the nation . As a junior , he amassed 2,890 total yards , ranking No . 1 in the NCAA , and led his team to a 9–2 record and a 33–13 win over Akron in the Rice Bowl . In his senior season , he gained 2,314 yards , ranking third in the NCAA , and led his team to an 8–2 record . His decrease in production was mainly because his team played only 10 games that year , and he was taken out of several games in the second half because his team had built up a huge lead . Bradshaw graduated owning virtually all Louisiana Tech passing records at the time . In 1970 , Bradshaw received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement . In 1984 , he was inducted into the inaugural class of the Louisiana Tech sports hall of fame . Four years later , he was inducted into the state of Louisianas sports hall of fame . NFL career . Pittsburgh Steelers . In the 1970 NFL Draft , Bradshaw was the first overall player selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers . The Steelers drew the first pick in the draft after winning a coin flip tiebreaker with the Chicago Bears due to the teams having identical 1–13 records in 1969 . Bradshaw was hailed at the time as the consensus No . 1 pick . Bradshaw became a starter in his second season after splitting time with Terry Hanratty in his rookie campaign . During his first few seasons , the 63 , 215-pound quarterback was erratic , threw many interceptions ( he threw 210 interceptions over the course of his career ) and was widely ridiculed by the media for his rural roots and perceived lack of intelligence . It took Bradshaw several seasons to adjust to the NFL , but he eventually led the Steelers to eight AFC Central championships and four Super Bowl titles . The Pittsburgh Steelers featured the Steel Curtain defense and a powerful running attack led by Franco Harris and Rocky Bleier , but Bradshaws strong arm gave them the threat of the deep pass , helping to loosen opposing defenses . In 1972 , he threw the Immaculate Reception pass to Franco Harris to beat the Raiders in the AFC Divisional playoffs , which is among the most famous plays in NFL history . Bradshaw temporarily lost the starting job to Joe Gilliam in 1974 , but he took over again during the regular season . In the 1974 AFC Championship Game against the Oakland Raiders , his fourth-quarter touchdown pass to Lynn Swann proved to be the winning score in a 24–13 victory . In the Steelers 16–6 Super Bowl IX victory over the Minnesota Vikings that followed , Bradshaw completed 9 of 14 passes and his fourth-quarter touchdown pass put the game out of reach and helped take the Steelers to their first Super Bowl victory . In Super Bowl X following the 1975 season , Bradshaw threw for 209 yards , most of them to Swann , as the Steelers beat the Dallas Cowboys , 21–17 . His late-4th-quarter , 64-yard touchdown pass to Swann , released a split-second before defensive tackle Larry Cole flattened him , was selected by NFL Films as the Greatest Throw of All Time . Neck and wrist injuries in 1976 forced Bradshaw to miss four games . He was sharp in a 40–14 victory over the Baltimore Colts , completing 14 of 18 passes for 264 yards and three touchdowns , but the Steelers hopes of a three-peat ended when both of their 1,000-yard rushers ( Franco Harris and Rocky Bleier ) were injured in the win over the Colts , and the Steelers subsequently lost to the Oakland Raiders in the AFC Championship game , 24-7 . Jack Lambert asserted that the 1976 Steelers team was the best team that he ever played on , including the four Super Bowl teams of which he was a part . Bradshaw had his finest season in 1978 when he was named the NFLs Most Valuable Player by the Associated Press after a season in which he completed 207 of 368 passes for 2,915 yards and a league-leading 28 touchdown passes . He was also named All-Pro and All-AFC that year , despite throwing 20 interceptions . Before Super Bowl XIII , a Steelers-Cowboys rematch , Cowboys linebacker Thomas Hollywood Henderson famously ridiculed Bradshaw by saying , He couldnt spell Cat if you spotted him the c and the a . Bradshaw got his revenge by winning the Most Valuable Player award , completing 17 of 30 passes for a then-record 318 yards and four touchdowns in a 35–31 win . Bradshaw has in later years made light of the ridicule with quips such as its football , not rocket science . Bradshaw won his second straight Super Bowl MVP award in 1979 in Super Bowl XIV . He passed for 309 yards and two touchdowns in a 31–19 win over the Los Angeles Rams . Early in the fourth quarter , with Pittsburgh down 19–17 , Bradshaw again turned to the long pass to help engineer a victory : a 73-yard touchdown to John Stallworth . Bradshaw shared Sports Illustrateds Sportsman of the Year award that season with fellow Pittsburgh star Willie Stargell , whose Pirates won the 1979 World Series . After two seasons of missing the playoffs , Bradshaw played through pain—he needed a cortisone shot before every game because of an elbow injury sustained during training camp—in a strike-shortened 1982 NFL season . He still managed to tie for the most touchdown passes in the league with 17 . In a 31–28 playoff loss to the San Diego Chargers , Bradshaws last postseason game , he completed 28-of-39 passes for 325 yards , two touchdowns and two interceptions . After undergoing off-season elbow surgery ( using the alias Thomas Brady , with the actual Brady being six years old at the time ) , Bradshaw was idle for the first 14 games of the 1983 NFL season . Then on December 10 , 1983 , against the New York Jets , he felt a pop in his elbow while throwing his final pass , a 10-yard touchdown to Calvin Sweeney in the second quarter of the Steelers 34–7 win . Bradshaw later left the game and never played again . The two touchdowns Bradshaw threw in what would be the final NFL game played at Shea Stadium ( and the last NFL game played in New York City proper to date ) allowed him to finish his career with two more touchdowns ( 212 ) than interceptions ( 210 ) . Bradshaws retirement came as a surprise to some , and in hindsight unplanned on the Steelers part . Before Bradshaws elbow problems came about , the team chose to pass up Pitt quarterback Dan Marino in the 1983 NFL Draft as an heir successor to Bradshaw due in part to head coach Chuck Noll wanting to rebuild on defense and , according to Bill Hillgrove , the Rooney family not wanting Marino to face a lot of pressure in his hometown and needing to experience life outside of Oakland , where Marino grew up and where Pitt is located . The player the Steelers drafted instead ( Gabriel Rivera ) only played six games before becoming a quadriplegic following a drunk driving accident , and Marinos subsequent success with the Miami Dolphins prompted Art Rooney to remind his sons daily until his death that the team shouldve drafted Marino . The decision also set the franchise back at quarterback : while the team would eventually return to being a Super Bowl contender after their rebuilding period during the mid-1980s , the team wouldnt have a consistent quarterback until Ben Roethlisberger arrived in 2004 . Although the Steelers have not officially retired Bradshaws number 12 , they have not reissued it since his retirement and it is understood that no Steeler will ever wear it again . After football . In July 1997 , Bradshaw served as the presenter when Mike Webster , his center on the Steelers Super Bowl XIII and XIV title teams , was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame . In 2006 , despite the Steelers being one of the teams playing in the game , Bradshaw did not attend a pregame celebration for past Super Bowl MVPs during Super Bowl XL in Detroit , Michigan . According to reports , Bradshaw ( along with three-time MVP and close friend Joe Montana ) requested a US$100,000 guarantee for his appearance in the Super Bowl MVP Parade , and associated appearances . The NFL could not guarantee that they would make that much and refused . A representative for Bradshaw has since denied this report . After an appearance on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno ( February 6 , 2006 ) Bradshaw stated that the reason why he did not attend the MVP parade was that he was spending time with family , that he hates the crowds and the Super Bowl media circus , and also that the only way he would attend a Super Bowl is when Fox is broadcasting the game ( it was ABC who broadcast Super Bowl XL , which is that networks last such game to date ) , though Bradshaw attended several press conferences in Detroit days earlier . Bradshaw also stated that money was not an issue . In April 2006 , Bradshaw donated his four Super Bowl rings , College Football Hall of Fame ring , Pro Football Hall of Fame ring , Hall of Fame bust , four miniature replica Super Bowl trophies , and a helmet and jersey from one of his Super Bowl victories to his alma mater , Louisiana Tech . On November 5 , 2007 , during a nationally televised Monday Night Football game , Bradshaw joined former teammates including Franco Harris and Joe Greene to accept their position on the Pittsburgh Steelers 75th Anniversary All-Time Team . Broadcasting career . Bradshaw retired from football on July 24 , 1984 , and quickly signed a television contract with CBS to become an NFL game analyst in 1984 , where he and play-by-play announcer Verne Lundquist had the top rated programs . Prior to his full-time work for them , he served as a guest commentator for CBS Sports NFC postseason broadcasts from 1980–82 . Bradshaw was promoted into television studio analyst for The NFL Today in 1990 ( which he hosted with Greg Gumbel through the 1993 season ) . In 1994 , with the Fox network establishing its sports division with their purchase of NFL TV rights , Bradshaw joined Fox NFL Sunday , where he normally acts as a comic foil to his co-hosts . On Fox NFL Sunday he hosts two semi-regular features , Ten Yards with TB , where he fires random questions at an NFL pro , and The Terry Awards , an annual comedic award show about the NFL season . As a cross-promotional stunt , he also hosted two consecutive Digi-Bowl specials in 2001 and 2002 on Fox Kids , providing commentary from the NFL on Fox studio in-between episodes of ; the 2002 special was the final one as the Fox Kids block ended the same year . He appeared on the first broadcast of NASCAR on FOX where he took a ride with Dale Earnhardt at Daytona International Speedway the night before Earnhardt was killed in a last lap crash in the Daytona 500 . Bradshaw also waved the green flag at the start of the ill-fated race . Bradshaw has the reputation of being the ol redneck , but , in co-host and former NFL coach Jimmy Johnsons words , the act is a schtick . According to Johnson , Bradshaw deflects such criticism by stating that hes so dumb that he has to have somebody else fly his private plane . Bradshaw has also garnered the reputation for criticizing players and teams . Following Super Bowl XLVI he was confronted by Ann Mara , wife of the late Wellington Mara , and heckled for not picking the Giants to win on Fox NFL Sunday . For his work in broadcasting , Bradshaw has won three Sports Emmy Awards as a studio analyst . Business career . During the early part of his career with the Steelers , Bradshaw was a used car salesman during the off-season to supplement his income , as this was still during the days when most NFL players didnt make enough money to focus solely on football . In the late 1970s and early 1980s , Bradshaw sold peanut butter with his name and image on the label . Commercials were run on television in the Shreveport market . Bradshaw has also written or co-written five books and recorded six albums of country/western and gospel music . His cover of Im So Lonesome I Could Cry hit Top 20 on Billboards country chart ( and No . 91 on the Hot 100 ) in 1976 ; two other tunes ( The Last Word In Lonesome Is Me and Until You ) also made the country charts . In 2001 , Bradshaw entered the world of NASCAR by joining with HighLine Performance Group racing team to form FitzBradshaw Racing . He also is the spokesman for Jani-King international , Inc . Bradshaw ended his ownership in 2006 . Among U.S . consumers , Bradshaw remains one of pro footballs most popular retired players . As of September 2007 , Bradshaw was the top-ranked former pro football player in the Davie-Brown Index ( DBI ) , which surveys consumers to determine a celebritys appeal and trust levels . Personal life . Bradshaw has been married four times . He was first married to Melissa Babish ( Miss Teenage America , 1969 ) from 1972–73 ; to ice skater JoJo Starbuck from 1976–83 ; and to family attorney Charla Hopkins , who is the mother of his two daughters , Rachel and Erin , from 1983-99 . Erin Bradshaw shows champion paint and quarter horses and is an honors graduate of the University of North Texas in Denton , Texas . Rachel Bradshaw is a graduate of Belmont University in Nashville , Tennessee , and appeared in Nashville ( 2007 ) , a reality television series about young musicians trying to make it in Nashville , and is the widow of former Tennessee Titans kicker Rob Bironas . The first three of Bradshaws marriages have all ended in divorce , a subject he ridicules frequently on his NFL pre-game show . Bradshaw was married for the fourth time , on July 8 , 2014 , to Tammy , his girlfriend of 15 years . After his NFL career ended , Bradshaw disclosed that he had frequently experienced anxiety attacks after games . The problem worsened in the late 1990s after his third divorce , when he said he could not bounce back as he had after the previous divorces or after a bad game . In addition to anxiety attacks , his symptoms included weight loss , frequent crying , and sleeplessness . He was diagnosed with clinical depression . Since then he has taken Paxil regularly . He chose to speak out about his depression to overcome the stigma associated with it and to urge others to seek help . Bradshaws anxieties about appearing in public , away from the controlled environment of a television studio , led to an unintentional estrangement from the Steelers . When team founder and owner Art Rooney died in 1988 , Bradshaw did not attend his funeral . A year later , during his Hall of Fame induction speech , Bradshaw made a point of saluting his late boss and friend , pointing to the sky and saying , Art Rooney .. . boy , I tell you , I loved that man . Still , Bradshaw never returned to Three Rivers Stadium for a Steelers game . When the last regular-season game was played there on December 16 , 2000 , Bradshaw was with the Fox NFL Sunday crew , doing their pre-game show aboard the aircraft carrier USS Harry S . Truman , while Fox covered the game live . Bradshaw expressed regret that he could not be there , but would later say privately that he did not feel he could face the crowds . It would not be until September 2002 , when fellow Hall of Fame teammate and longtime friend Mike Webster died , that Bradshaw finally returned to Pittsburgh to attend his friends funeral . In October 2002 , Bradshaw returned to the Steelers sideline for the first time in twenty years for a Monday night between the Steelers and the Indianapolis Colts . In 2003 , when the Steelers played the 1,000th game in franchise history , Fox covered the game at Heinz Field , and Bradshaw returned to cover the game . In addition to appearing to take his position on the Steelers All-Time Team in 2007 as part of the teams 75th-anniversary festivities , he also was on the sideline for the 2007 home opener , where the Steelers earned their 500th regular-season win . Politically , Bradshaw is a long-time supporter of the Republican Party . In 2012 , he went on record on Fox News as supporting the candidacy of Newt Gingrich for the Republican presidential nomination . In the same interview , he also labeled linebacker Terrell Suggs an idiot for making comments critical of Denver Broncos quarterback Tim Tebows public remarks about his Christian faith , saying Suggs better be careful ; if I were him Id be on my hands and knees tonight asking for forgiveness because thats totally unacceptable . Relationship with Chuck Noll . While Terry Bradshaw never had any problems with the Rooney family , he had a complicated relationship with Steelers head coach Chuck Noll . Noll and Bradshaw had an uneasy relationship during his playing days , with Bradshaw stating that he felt that Noll was too hard on him and never liked him , though the two made peace ( at least publicly ) before Nolls death in 2014 . In an interview with NFL Films in 2016 for an episode of A Football Life about Noll , Bradshaw felt that the two had too much of a culture clash with their personalities . Bradshaw also stated that Noll belittled him constantly and wanted positive reinforcement instead of being grabbed at . In the same episode , however , former Steelers public relations director Joe Gordon characterized the animosity as a one-way street , with former teammate Jack Ham adding that Noll insulated Bradshaw from certain issues while taking a rest of us be damned approach with the other players . In an archival interview , Noll described his relationship with Bradshaw as professional and business-like and that his personality needed to conform with the team , adding that it worked , even if Bradshaw didnt like it . Nonetheless , Bradshaw chose not to attend Nolls funeral despite being in Pittsburgh at the time . Television and film career . Bradshaw has appeared in numerous television commercials . The most recent was the series of live-ads for Tide detergent along with his Fox Sports co-host Curt Menefee , where Bradshaw shows up with a shirt stain on what appeared to be live TV from the Fox broadcast booth at Super Bowl LI and then washes it with Tide at the house of Jeffrey Tambor . The teasers leading up to the Super Bowl showed Tambor initially taking his shirts to Rob Gronkowskis dry cleaners only to see the sleeves get ripped out . Near the end of the Super Bowl , Menefee spills coffee on his shirt but Tambor who is watching on TV refuses to help out . Bradshaw has had cameo appearances in many shows as himself , including Brotherly Love , Everybody Loves Raymond , Married.. . with Children , Modern Family , The Larry Sanders Show and The League . He also appeared on Malcolm in the Middle with Howie Long as the trashy coach of a womens ice hockey team . He hosted a short-lived television series in 1997 called Home Team with Terry Bradshaw . In addition to his television work , Bradshaw has appeared in several movies , including a part in the 1978 film Hooper which starred Burt Reynolds , Jan-Michael Vincent , and Sally Field , and made an appearance in the 1981 film The Cannonball Run . In 1980 , he had a cameo in Smokey and the Bandit II which starred Burt Reynolds , Jerry Reed , and Sally Field . He made a guest appearance in The Adventures of Brisco County , Jr . in 1994 , playing Colonel Forrest March , a rogue U.S . Army officer who gave orders to his squad ( played by NFL members Ken Norton , Jr. , Carl Banks , and Jim Harbaugh ) in a huddle using football diagrams . Bradshaw appeared on Jeff Foxworthys short-lived sitcom , The Jeff Foxworthy Show as a motivational speaker for people needing to change their lives . Bill Engvalls character is affected by Bradshaws rantings about witchcraft and voodoo in his pre-game warm-ups . On October 11 , 2001 , Bradshaw received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , the first NFL player to do so ( Terry Crews was the second ) . In 2006 , Bradshaw returned to the silver screen in the motion picture Failure to Launch . He and Kathy Bates played the parents of Matthew McConaugheys character . In one notable scene he appeared nude , which his own daughters ( who were teenagers at the time ) didnt even know about until they saw the movies premiere with their grandmother and was half-heartedly warned by Bradshaw just moments before the scene . Bradshaws nude scene would be referenced by Jay Leno , who spent an entire segment mocking during an appearance on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno . He mentioned on May 23 , 2008 , on The Tonight Show that he has been a guest 37 times , and that 34 of them were on a Friday , which happens to be the lowest watched night of television . He pleasantly joked with Jay about being a filler guest . He made a similar reference in an appearance on March 15 , 2010 , stating he was asked to guest because of a cancellation . Jay stated that at least he was not appearing on Friday , which hosts the more well-known celebrity guests . As of December 28 , 2012 , Bradshaw has made 50 appearances on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno . He is also a devout Christian and wrote the book Terry Bradshaw : Man of Steel with broadcaster Dave Diles . Since 2010 , Bradshaw has been hosting television shows produced by United States Media Television . In 2016 and 2018 , Bradshaw had a leading role in the NBC reality-travel series Better Late Than Never , where he travels around the world with William Shatner , Henry Winkler , George Foreman and Jeff Dye . In 2017 , he had a supporting role as a fictionalized version of himself in the comedy film Father Figures . On January 16 , 2019 , he was revealed on the third episode of The Masked Singer to be The Deer . On January 2 , 2020 , he was on the season 8 premiere of Last Man Standing . On September 17 , 2020 , Terry and family premiered in the new E ! reality show The Bradshaw Bunch . Discography . Guest appearances . - Married.. . with Children ( Dud Bowl II , 1995 ) - NFL Country ( with Glen Campbell on You Never Know Just How Good Youve Got It , 1996 ) - Everybody Loves Raymond ( Debras Sick , 1997 ) - The League ( Sunday at Ruxins , 2009 ) - Modern Family ( Brushes With Celebrity , 2017 ) - The Masked Singer - ( The Deer , 2019 ) - Celebrity Ghost Stories - ( Terry Bradshaw , 2020 ) |
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] | easy | Who was the spouse of Terry Bradshaw from 2014 to 2015? | /wiki/Terry_Bradshaw#P26#3 | Terry Bradshaw Terry Paxton Bradshaw ( born September 2 , 1948 ) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback for the Pittsburgh Steelers in the National Football League ( NFL ) . Since 1994 , he has been a television sports analyst and co-host of Fox NFL Sunday . Bradshaw is also an actor and singer , having participated in many television shows and films , most notably starring in the movie Failure to Launch and releasing several country music albums . He played for 14 seasons with Pittsburgh , won four Super Bowl titles in a six-year period ( 1974 , 1975 , 1978 , and 1979 ) , becoming the first quarterback to win three and four Super Bowls , and led the Steelers to eight AFC Central championships . He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1989 , his first year of eligibility . Bradshaw was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1996 . Widely considered to be one of the greatest quarterbacks of all time , Bradshaw is known as a tough competitor and for having one of the most powerful arms in NFL history . His physical skills and on-the-field leadership played a major role in the Steelers history . During his career , he passed for more than 300 yards in a game only seven times , but three of those performances came in the postseason ( two of which were in Super Bowls ) . In four career Super Bowl appearances , he passed for 932 yards and 9 touchdowns , both Super Bowl records at the time of his retirement . In 19 career postseason games , he completed 261 passes for 3,833 yards . Early years . Bradshaw was born in Shreveport , Louisiana . His father , William Marvin Bill Bradshaw ( 1927–2014 ) , a native of Sparta , Tennessee , was a veteran of the United States Navy , a former vice president of manufacturing of the Riley Beaird Company in Shreveport , and a Southern Baptist layman . Terrys mother , Novis ( née Gay ; born 1929 ) , was one of five children of Clifford and Lula Gay of Red River Parish , Louisiana . He has an older brother , Gary , and a younger brother , Craig . The work ethic was particularly strong in the Bradshaw household . In his early childhood , the family lived in Camanche , Iowa , where he set forth the goal to play professional football . When he was a teenager , Bradshaw returned with his family to Shreveport . There , he attended Woodlawn High School , played under assistant coach A . L . Williams , and led the Knights to the AAA state championship game in 1965 , but lost 12–9 to the Sulphur Golden Tornadoes . While at Woodlawn , he set a national record for throwing the javelin at ; his exploits earned him a spot in the Sports Illustrated feature Faces In The Crowd . Bradshaws successor as Woodlawns starting quarterback was another future NFL standout , Joe Ferguson of the Buffalo Bills . Bradshaws Steelers would defeat Fergusons Bills in a 1974 divisional playoff game . College career . Bradshaw decided to attend Louisiana Tech University in Ruston . He has much affinity for his alma mater , and is a member of the Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity . Initially , he was second on the depth chart at quarterback behind Phil Roxie Robertson , who would later become famous as the inventor of the Duck Commander duck call and television personality on the A&E program Duck Dynasty . When he arrived at Tech in 1966 , Bradshaw caused a media frenzy on account of his reputation of being a football sensation from nearby Shreveport . Robertson was a year ahead of Bradshaw , and was the starter for two seasons in 1966 and 1967 , and chose not to play in 1968 . As Robertson put it : Im going for the ducks , you [ Terry ] can go for the bucks . In 1969 , Bradshaw was considered by most professional scouts to be the most outstanding college football player in the nation . As a junior , he amassed 2,890 total yards , ranking No . 1 in the NCAA , and led his team to a 9–2 record and a 33–13 win over Akron in the Rice Bowl . In his senior season , he gained 2,314 yards , ranking third in the NCAA , and led his team to an 8–2 record . His decrease in production was mainly because his team played only 10 games that year , and he was taken out of several games in the second half because his team had built up a huge lead . Bradshaw graduated owning virtually all Louisiana Tech passing records at the time . In 1970 , Bradshaw received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement . In 1984 , he was inducted into the inaugural class of the Louisiana Tech sports hall of fame . Four years later , he was inducted into the state of Louisianas sports hall of fame . NFL career . Pittsburgh Steelers . In the 1970 NFL Draft , Bradshaw was the first overall player selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers . The Steelers drew the first pick in the draft after winning a coin flip tiebreaker with the Chicago Bears due to the teams having identical 1–13 records in 1969 . Bradshaw was hailed at the time as the consensus No . 1 pick . Bradshaw became a starter in his second season after splitting time with Terry Hanratty in his rookie campaign . During his first few seasons , the 63 , 215-pound quarterback was erratic , threw many interceptions ( he threw 210 interceptions over the course of his career ) and was widely ridiculed by the media for his rural roots and perceived lack of intelligence . It took Bradshaw several seasons to adjust to the NFL , but he eventually led the Steelers to eight AFC Central championships and four Super Bowl titles . The Pittsburgh Steelers featured the Steel Curtain defense and a powerful running attack led by Franco Harris and Rocky Bleier , but Bradshaws strong arm gave them the threat of the deep pass , helping to loosen opposing defenses . In 1972 , he threw the Immaculate Reception pass to Franco Harris to beat the Raiders in the AFC Divisional playoffs , which is among the most famous plays in NFL history . Bradshaw temporarily lost the starting job to Joe Gilliam in 1974 , but he took over again during the regular season . In the 1974 AFC Championship Game against the Oakland Raiders , his fourth-quarter touchdown pass to Lynn Swann proved to be the winning score in a 24–13 victory . In the Steelers 16–6 Super Bowl IX victory over the Minnesota Vikings that followed , Bradshaw completed 9 of 14 passes and his fourth-quarter touchdown pass put the game out of reach and helped take the Steelers to their first Super Bowl victory . In Super Bowl X following the 1975 season , Bradshaw threw for 209 yards , most of them to Swann , as the Steelers beat the Dallas Cowboys , 21–17 . His late-4th-quarter , 64-yard touchdown pass to Swann , released a split-second before defensive tackle Larry Cole flattened him , was selected by NFL Films as the Greatest Throw of All Time . Neck and wrist injuries in 1976 forced Bradshaw to miss four games . He was sharp in a 40–14 victory over the Baltimore Colts , completing 14 of 18 passes for 264 yards and three touchdowns , but the Steelers hopes of a three-peat ended when both of their 1,000-yard rushers ( Franco Harris and Rocky Bleier ) were injured in the win over the Colts , and the Steelers subsequently lost to the Oakland Raiders in the AFC Championship game , 24-7 . Jack Lambert asserted that the 1976 Steelers team was the best team that he ever played on , including the four Super Bowl teams of which he was a part . Bradshaw had his finest season in 1978 when he was named the NFLs Most Valuable Player by the Associated Press after a season in which he completed 207 of 368 passes for 2,915 yards and a league-leading 28 touchdown passes . He was also named All-Pro and All-AFC that year , despite throwing 20 interceptions . Before Super Bowl XIII , a Steelers-Cowboys rematch , Cowboys linebacker Thomas Hollywood Henderson famously ridiculed Bradshaw by saying , He couldnt spell Cat if you spotted him the c and the a . Bradshaw got his revenge by winning the Most Valuable Player award , completing 17 of 30 passes for a then-record 318 yards and four touchdowns in a 35–31 win . Bradshaw has in later years made light of the ridicule with quips such as its football , not rocket science . Bradshaw won his second straight Super Bowl MVP award in 1979 in Super Bowl XIV . He passed for 309 yards and two touchdowns in a 31–19 win over the Los Angeles Rams . Early in the fourth quarter , with Pittsburgh down 19–17 , Bradshaw again turned to the long pass to help engineer a victory : a 73-yard touchdown to John Stallworth . Bradshaw shared Sports Illustrateds Sportsman of the Year award that season with fellow Pittsburgh star Willie Stargell , whose Pirates won the 1979 World Series . After two seasons of missing the playoffs , Bradshaw played through pain—he needed a cortisone shot before every game because of an elbow injury sustained during training camp—in a strike-shortened 1982 NFL season . He still managed to tie for the most touchdown passes in the league with 17 . In a 31–28 playoff loss to the San Diego Chargers , Bradshaws last postseason game , he completed 28-of-39 passes for 325 yards , two touchdowns and two interceptions . After undergoing off-season elbow surgery ( using the alias Thomas Brady , with the actual Brady being six years old at the time ) , Bradshaw was idle for the first 14 games of the 1983 NFL season . Then on December 10 , 1983 , against the New York Jets , he felt a pop in his elbow while throwing his final pass , a 10-yard touchdown to Calvin Sweeney in the second quarter of the Steelers 34–7 win . Bradshaw later left the game and never played again . The two touchdowns Bradshaw threw in what would be the final NFL game played at Shea Stadium ( and the last NFL game played in New York City proper to date ) allowed him to finish his career with two more touchdowns ( 212 ) than interceptions ( 210 ) . Bradshaws retirement came as a surprise to some , and in hindsight unplanned on the Steelers part . Before Bradshaws elbow problems came about , the team chose to pass up Pitt quarterback Dan Marino in the 1983 NFL Draft as an heir successor to Bradshaw due in part to head coach Chuck Noll wanting to rebuild on defense and , according to Bill Hillgrove , the Rooney family not wanting Marino to face a lot of pressure in his hometown and needing to experience life outside of Oakland , where Marino grew up and where Pitt is located . The player the Steelers drafted instead ( Gabriel Rivera ) only played six games before becoming a quadriplegic following a drunk driving accident , and Marinos subsequent success with the Miami Dolphins prompted Art Rooney to remind his sons daily until his death that the team shouldve drafted Marino . The decision also set the franchise back at quarterback : while the team would eventually return to being a Super Bowl contender after their rebuilding period during the mid-1980s , the team wouldnt have a consistent quarterback until Ben Roethlisberger arrived in 2004 . Although the Steelers have not officially retired Bradshaws number 12 , they have not reissued it since his retirement and it is understood that no Steeler will ever wear it again . After football . In July 1997 , Bradshaw served as the presenter when Mike Webster , his center on the Steelers Super Bowl XIII and XIV title teams , was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame . In 2006 , despite the Steelers being one of the teams playing in the game , Bradshaw did not attend a pregame celebration for past Super Bowl MVPs during Super Bowl XL in Detroit , Michigan . According to reports , Bradshaw ( along with three-time MVP and close friend Joe Montana ) requested a US$100,000 guarantee for his appearance in the Super Bowl MVP Parade , and associated appearances . The NFL could not guarantee that they would make that much and refused . A representative for Bradshaw has since denied this report . After an appearance on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno ( February 6 , 2006 ) Bradshaw stated that the reason why he did not attend the MVP parade was that he was spending time with family , that he hates the crowds and the Super Bowl media circus , and also that the only way he would attend a Super Bowl is when Fox is broadcasting the game ( it was ABC who broadcast Super Bowl XL , which is that networks last such game to date ) , though Bradshaw attended several press conferences in Detroit days earlier . Bradshaw also stated that money was not an issue . In April 2006 , Bradshaw donated his four Super Bowl rings , College Football Hall of Fame ring , Pro Football Hall of Fame ring , Hall of Fame bust , four miniature replica Super Bowl trophies , and a helmet and jersey from one of his Super Bowl victories to his alma mater , Louisiana Tech . On November 5 , 2007 , during a nationally televised Monday Night Football game , Bradshaw joined former teammates including Franco Harris and Joe Greene to accept their position on the Pittsburgh Steelers 75th Anniversary All-Time Team . Broadcasting career . Bradshaw retired from football on July 24 , 1984 , and quickly signed a television contract with CBS to become an NFL game analyst in 1984 , where he and play-by-play announcer Verne Lundquist had the top rated programs . Prior to his full-time work for them , he served as a guest commentator for CBS Sports NFC postseason broadcasts from 1980–82 . Bradshaw was promoted into television studio analyst for The NFL Today in 1990 ( which he hosted with Greg Gumbel through the 1993 season ) . In 1994 , with the Fox network establishing its sports division with their purchase of NFL TV rights , Bradshaw joined Fox NFL Sunday , where he normally acts as a comic foil to his co-hosts . On Fox NFL Sunday he hosts two semi-regular features , Ten Yards with TB , where he fires random questions at an NFL pro , and The Terry Awards , an annual comedic award show about the NFL season . As a cross-promotional stunt , he also hosted two consecutive Digi-Bowl specials in 2001 and 2002 on Fox Kids , providing commentary from the NFL on Fox studio in-between episodes of ; the 2002 special was the final one as the Fox Kids block ended the same year . He appeared on the first broadcast of NASCAR on FOX where he took a ride with Dale Earnhardt at Daytona International Speedway the night before Earnhardt was killed in a last lap crash in the Daytona 500 . Bradshaw also waved the green flag at the start of the ill-fated race . Bradshaw has the reputation of being the ol redneck , but , in co-host and former NFL coach Jimmy Johnsons words , the act is a schtick . According to Johnson , Bradshaw deflects such criticism by stating that hes so dumb that he has to have somebody else fly his private plane . Bradshaw has also garnered the reputation for criticizing players and teams . Following Super Bowl XLVI he was confronted by Ann Mara , wife of the late Wellington Mara , and heckled for not picking the Giants to win on Fox NFL Sunday . For his work in broadcasting , Bradshaw has won three Sports Emmy Awards as a studio analyst . Business career . During the early part of his career with the Steelers , Bradshaw was a used car salesman during the off-season to supplement his income , as this was still during the days when most NFL players didnt make enough money to focus solely on football . In the late 1970s and early 1980s , Bradshaw sold peanut butter with his name and image on the label . Commercials were run on television in the Shreveport market . Bradshaw has also written or co-written five books and recorded six albums of country/western and gospel music . His cover of Im So Lonesome I Could Cry hit Top 20 on Billboards country chart ( and No . 91 on the Hot 100 ) in 1976 ; two other tunes ( The Last Word In Lonesome Is Me and Until You ) also made the country charts . In 2001 , Bradshaw entered the world of NASCAR by joining with HighLine Performance Group racing team to form FitzBradshaw Racing . He also is the spokesman for Jani-King international , Inc . Bradshaw ended his ownership in 2006 . Among U.S . consumers , Bradshaw remains one of pro footballs most popular retired players . As of September 2007 , Bradshaw was the top-ranked former pro football player in the Davie-Brown Index ( DBI ) , which surveys consumers to determine a celebritys appeal and trust levels . Personal life . Bradshaw has been married four times . He was first married to Melissa Babish ( Miss Teenage America , 1969 ) from 1972–73 ; to ice skater JoJo Starbuck from 1976–83 ; and to family attorney Charla Hopkins , who is the mother of his two daughters , Rachel and Erin , from 1983-99 . Erin Bradshaw shows champion paint and quarter horses and is an honors graduate of the University of North Texas in Denton , Texas . Rachel Bradshaw is a graduate of Belmont University in Nashville , Tennessee , and appeared in Nashville ( 2007 ) , a reality television series about young musicians trying to make it in Nashville , and is the widow of former Tennessee Titans kicker Rob Bironas . The first three of Bradshaws marriages have all ended in divorce , a subject he ridicules frequently on his NFL pre-game show . Bradshaw was married for the fourth time , on July 8 , 2014 , to Tammy , his girlfriend of 15 years . After his NFL career ended , Bradshaw disclosed that he had frequently experienced anxiety attacks after games . The problem worsened in the late 1990s after his third divorce , when he said he could not bounce back as he had after the previous divorces or after a bad game . In addition to anxiety attacks , his symptoms included weight loss , frequent crying , and sleeplessness . He was diagnosed with clinical depression . Since then he has taken Paxil regularly . He chose to speak out about his depression to overcome the stigma associated with it and to urge others to seek help . Bradshaws anxieties about appearing in public , away from the controlled environment of a television studio , led to an unintentional estrangement from the Steelers . When team founder and owner Art Rooney died in 1988 , Bradshaw did not attend his funeral . A year later , during his Hall of Fame induction speech , Bradshaw made a point of saluting his late boss and friend , pointing to the sky and saying , Art Rooney .. . boy , I tell you , I loved that man . Still , Bradshaw never returned to Three Rivers Stadium for a Steelers game . When the last regular-season game was played there on December 16 , 2000 , Bradshaw was with the Fox NFL Sunday crew , doing their pre-game show aboard the aircraft carrier USS Harry S . Truman , while Fox covered the game live . Bradshaw expressed regret that he could not be there , but would later say privately that he did not feel he could face the crowds . It would not be until September 2002 , when fellow Hall of Fame teammate and longtime friend Mike Webster died , that Bradshaw finally returned to Pittsburgh to attend his friends funeral . In October 2002 , Bradshaw returned to the Steelers sideline for the first time in twenty years for a Monday night between the Steelers and the Indianapolis Colts . In 2003 , when the Steelers played the 1,000th game in franchise history , Fox covered the game at Heinz Field , and Bradshaw returned to cover the game . In addition to appearing to take his position on the Steelers All-Time Team in 2007 as part of the teams 75th-anniversary festivities , he also was on the sideline for the 2007 home opener , where the Steelers earned their 500th regular-season win . Politically , Bradshaw is a long-time supporter of the Republican Party . In 2012 , he went on record on Fox News as supporting the candidacy of Newt Gingrich for the Republican presidential nomination . In the same interview , he also labeled linebacker Terrell Suggs an idiot for making comments critical of Denver Broncos quarterback Tim Tebows public remarks about his Christian faith , saying Suggs better be careful ; if I were him Id be on my hands and knees tonight asking for forgiveness because thats totally unacceptable . Relationship with Chuck Noll . While Terry Bradshaw never had any problems with the Rooney family , he had a complicated relationship with Steelers head coach Chuck Noll . Noll and Bradshaw had an uneasy relationship during his playing days , with Bradshaw stating that he felt that Noll was too hard on him and never liked him , though the two made peace ( at least publicly ) before Nolls death in 2014 . In an interview with NFL Films in 2016 for an episode of A Football Life about Noll , Bradshaw felt that the two had too much of a culture clash with their personalities . Bradshaw also stated that Noll belittled him constantly and wanted positive reinforcement instead of being grabbed at . In the same episode , however , former Steelers public relations director Joe Gordon characterized the animosity as a one-way street , with former teammate Jack Ham adding that Noll insulated Bradshaw from certain issues while taking a rest of us be damned approach with the other players . In an archival interview , Noll described his relationship with Bradshaw as professional and business-like and that his personality needed to conform with the team , adding that it worked , even if Bradshaw didnt like it . Nonetheless , Bradshaw chose not to attend Nolls funeral despite being in Pittsburgh at the time . Television and film career . Bradshaw has appeared in numerous television commercials . The most recent was the series of live-ads for Tide detergent along with his Fox Sports co-host Curt Menefee , where Bradshaw shows up with a shirt stain on what appeared to be live TV from the Fox broadcast booth at Super Bowl LI and then washes it with Tide at the house of Jeffrey Tambor . The teasers leading up to the Super Bowl showed Tambor initially taking his shirts to Rob Gronkowskis dry cleaners only to see the sleeves get ripped out . Near the end of the Super Bowl , Menefee spills coffee on his shirt but Tambor who is watching on TV refuses to help out . Bradshaw has had cameo appearances in many shows as himself , including Brotherly Love , Everybody Loves Raymond , Married.. . with Children , Modern Family , The Larry Sanders Show and The League . He also appeared on Malcolm in the Middle with Howie Long as the trashy coach of a womens ice hockey team . He hosted a short-lived television series in 1997 called Home Team with Terry Bradshaw . In addition to his television work , Bradshaw has appeared in several movies , including a part in the 1978 film Hooper which starred Burt Reynolds , Jan-Michael Vincent , and Sally Field , and made an appearance in the 1981 film The Cannonball Run . In 1980 , he had a cameo in Smokey and the Bandit II which starred Burt Reynolds , Jerry Reed , and Sally Field . He made a guest appearance in The Adventures of Brisco County , Jr . in 1994 , playing Colonel Forrest March , a rogue U.S . Army officer who gave orders to his squad ( played by NFL members Ken Norton , Jr. , Carl Banks , and Jim Harbaugh ) in a huddle using football diagrams . Bradshaw appeared on Jeff Foxworthys short-lived sitcom , The Jeff Foxworthy Show as a motivational speaker for people needing to change their lives . Bill Engvalls character is affected by Bradshaws rantings about witchcraft and voodoo in his pre-game warm-ups . On October 11 , 2001 , Bradshaw received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , the first NFL player to do so ( Terry Crews was the second ) . In 2006 , Bradshaw returned to the silver screen in the motion picture Failure to Launch . He and Kathy Bates played the parents of Matthew McConaugheys character . In one notable scene he appeared nude , which his own daughters ( who were teenagers at the time ) didnt even know about until they saw the movies premiere with their grandmother and was half-heartedly warned by Bradshaw just moments before the scene . Bradshaws nude scene would be referenced by Jay Leno , who spent an entire segment mocking during an appearance on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno . He mentioned on May 23 , 2008 , on The Tonight Show that he has been a guest 37 times , and that 34 of them were on a Friday , which happens to be the lowest watched night of television . He pleasantly joked with Jay about being a filler guest . He made a similar reference in an appearance on March 15 , 2010 , stating he was asked to guest because of a cancellation . Jay stated that at least he was not appearing on Friday , which hosts the more well-known celebrity guests . As of December 28 , 2012 , Bradshaw has made 50 appearances on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno . He is also a devout Christian and wrote the book Terry Bradshaw : Man of Steel with broadcaster Dave Diles . Since 2010 , Bradshaw has been hosting television shows produced by United States Media Television . In 2016 and 2018 , Bradshaw had a leading role in the NBC reality-travel series Better Late Than Never , where he travels around the world with William Shatner , Henry Winkler , George Foreman and Jeff Dye . In 2017 , he had a supporting role as a fictionalized version of himself in the comedy film Father Figures . On January 16 , 2019 , he was revealed on the third episode of The Masked Singer to be The Deer . On January 2 , 2020 , he was on the season 8 premiere of Last Man Standing . On September 17 , 2020 , Terry and family premiered in the new E ! reality show The Bradshaw Bunch . Discography . Guest appearances . - Married.. . with Children ( Dud Bowl II , 1995 ) - NFL Country ( with Glen Campbell on You Never Know Just How Good Youve Got It , 1996 ) - Everybody Loves Raymond ( Debras Sick , 1997 ) - The League ( Sunday at Ruxins , 2009 ) - Modern Family ( Brushes With Celebrity , 2017 ) - The Masked Singer - ( The Deer , 2019 ) - Celebrity Ghost Stories - ( Terry Bradshaw , 2020 ) |
[
"high school"
] | easy | Which school did Len Ford go to from 1940 to 1944? | /wiki/Len_Ford#P69#0 | Len Ford Leonard Guy Ford Jr . ( February 18 , 1926 – March 14 , 1972 ) was an American football player who played at the offensive and defensive end positions from 1944 to 1958 . He played college football for the University of Michigan and professional football for the Los Angeles Dons , Cleveland Browns and Green Bay Packers . He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1976 and the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor in 1996 . Ford was an all-city athlete at his high school in Washington , D.C. , and attended Morgan State University after graduating in 1944 . After a brief stint in the U.S . Navy the following year , he transferred to Michigan , where he played on the Michigan Wolverines football team as an offensive and defensive end . He played for Michigan from 1945 to 1947 and was a member of the undefeated 1947 team that has been selected as the best team in the history of Michigan football . Ford was passed over in all 32 rounds of the 1948 NFL Draft , but was selected by the Los Angeles Dons of the rival All-America Football Conference ( AAFC ) , where he played for two seasons as an offensive and defensive end . After the AAFC dissolved in 1949 , Ford played eight seasons as a defensive end for the Cleveland Browns . During those eight seasons , the Browns advanced to the NFL championship game seven times , won three championships , and allowed the fewest points in the NFL six times . Ford was one of the dominant defensive players of his era , having a rare combination of size and speed that helped him disrupt opposing offenses and force fumbles . He was selected as a first-team All-NFL player five times and played in four Pro Bowls . He was also one of two defensive ends named to the National Football League 1950s All-Decade Team . Ford was traded to the Packers in 1958 , but played there just one season before retiring . He worked for the Detroit recreation department from 1963 to 1972 . He suffered a heart attack and died in 1972 at age 46 . Early years . Ford was born in Washington , D.C. , in 1926 . His father , Leonard G . Ford , Sr. , was a Virginia native who was employed as a skilled laborer by the federal government in 1920 and as a printing operator at the Government Printing Office in 1940 . His mother , Jeraldine , was also a Virginia native who worked as a social worker in a settlement house in 1940 . Ford had an older sister , Anita , and a younger brother , Claude . As a teenager , Ford attended Armstrong Technical High School , where he played football , basketball and baseball . As a high school athlete , he aspired to play fullback in football , but he later recalled , I started to grow , and I grew right out of the backfield . He was chosen by local sportswriters as an all-city athlete in all three sports in his senior year , and he served as captain of all three teams for one season each . After he graduated in 1944 , Theodore McIntyre , Fords high school football coach , suggested he attend Morgan State University , a historically black college in Baltimore , Maryland . Ford played for the Morgan State Bears football team for one year under head coach Edward P . Hurt , while also starring as the center on the schools basketball team . The basketball team won its leagues championship in 1944 . Ford left Morgan State and joined the U.S . Navy in 1945 , but stayed in the service only briefly as World War II came to an end . University of Michigan . After the war , Ford transferred to the University of Michigan to play football in a bigger program than Morgan States . He wanted to get a shot at playing in the Rose Bowl one day , he later said . While attending Michigan , he was a member of Omega Psi Phi , an all-black fraternity whose membership also included Bob Mann , another Michigan end who went on to play in the NFL . 1945 and 1946 seasons . In 1945 , Ford was Michigans tallest player at and 190 pounds . Ford played as a backup at the left end for the 1945 Michigan football team that compiled a 7–3 win–loss record under head coach Fritz Crisler . When Ford caught a pass from Wally Teninga in Michigans 26-0 victory over Minnesota in early November 1945 , The New York Times took note and referred to Ford as a six-foot , five-inch giant . As a junior in 1946 , Ford had gained 16 pounds and weighed 206 pounds . That year , Ford and Bob Mann shared the left end position , with Ford starting four games and Mann two . The 1946 Michigan team finished with a 6–2–1 record . During the 1946 season , Ford established himself as a tenacious tackler on defense and was also a receiving threat as an end on offense . In the first game of the 1946 season , a 21-0 victory over Indiana , Ford recovered an Indiana fumble and then scored the games second touchdown on a 17-yard pass from Pete Elliott , leaping high in the air to grab the pigskin with one hand from the two backs guarding him in the end zone . Later in the season , he scored a touchdown against Wisconsin on an end-around , a play Michigan employed frequently with Ford . Ford also developed a reputation for forcing opponent fumbles with his technique of punching at the ball . 1947 season . By 1947 , Ford had grown to 215 pounds , 25 pounds heavier than he had weighed in 1945 . Led by All-American halfbacks Bob Chappuis and Bump Elliott , the undefeated 1947 Michigan team has been selected as the best team in the history of Michigan football . Nicknamed the Mad Magicians , the Michigan squad finished with a 10–0 record , capped by a 49–0 victory in the Rose Bowl over USC on New Years Day . Ford started only one game in 1947 , as Bob Mann was the starting left end in eight of Michigans 10 games . Even with reduced playing time , Ford caught a 35-yard touchdown pass in the first game of the season and had two receptions for 82 yards in the 55–0 win over Michigan State . He scored again in a game against Pitt . Fords defensive performance was credited with shutting down Ohio State in the final game of the 1947 season . After the Wolverines 21-0 victory over the Buckeyes , The Michigan Daily wrote : For the defense it was big Len Ford , who sparked a forward wall that never let the Bucks threaten . His end was practically impregnable . He smashed Ohio interference time and again , he continually harassed Dick Slager and Pandel Savic , the Ohio passers , and he made life miserable for Pete Perini , blocking one punt and rushing the Buckeye punter on nearly all of his kicks . Michigan finished first in the AP Poll and won the 1947 college football national championship , sharing the honor with Notre Dame , which had been first in the polls before the Rose Bowl . After the 1947 season , the Associated Press ( AP ) selected Ford as a third-team All-American end and named teammate Bob Mann as a second-team All-American end . The AP also named Ford a second-team all-Big Nine Conference end . In the summer of 1948 , he accepted an invitation to play for the college team in the College All-Star Game , a now-defunct annual matchup between the champion of the professional National Football League ( NFL ) and a selection of the countrys best college players . Professional career . Los Angeles Dons ( AAFC ) . Despite his accomplishments in college , Ford was passed over in all 32 rounds of the 1948 NFL Draft during a time when most professional teams did not employ African-Americans . ( The following year , George Taliaferro became the first African-American to be selected in an NFL draft. ) He was selected , however , by the Los Angeles Dons of the rival All-America Football Conference ( AAFC ) in the third round of the 1948 AAFC Draft . He signed with the Dons in April 1948 . Playing as a right end opposite Joe Aguirre , Ford had 31 catches for 598 yards and seven touchdowns in 1948 . As was the case at Michigan , Ford also worked on defense and was one of the AAFCs most successful pass-rushers . The Dons , meanwhile , finished the regular season with a 7–7 record , good for third place in the AAFC West . Ford played basketball in the off-season for the New York Renaissance , an all-black professional team in the National Basketball League . He did not play basketball at Michigan , the Big Ten Conference having maintained racial segregation of basketball until 1950 . Ford had 36 catches for 577 yards and one touchdown in 1949 , while the Dons fell to 4–8 . The AAFC struggled financially during Fords time with the Dons . Its teams competed with NFL franchises for fans attention and player talent – the Dons shared a city with the NFLs Los Angeles Rams . By late 1949 , team owners came to an agreement under which the Cleveland Browns , San Francisco 49ers and Baltimore Colts joined the NFL and the rest of the leagues teams , including the Dons , folded . Cleveland Browns . 1950 season . After the AAFC disbanded , the Browns selected Ford in the second round of the 1950 AAFC dispersal draft , created to reallocate former Dons , Buffalo Bills and Chicago Hornets players . Ford signed with the Browns in July 1950 . Cleveland head coach Paul Brown converted Ford into solely a defensive end as two-platoon systems gained popularity after 1950 . Ford bulked up to 260 pounds and quickly became a fixture of Clevelands defense alongside linebacker Bill Willis and defensive back Warren Lahr . He was one of five black players for Cleveland – the others were Willis , punter Horace Gillom and fullbacks Emerson Cole and Marion Motley – at a time when many other teams had never signed a black player . The Browns , in fact , had roughly a third of the black players in the NFL on their roster . Cleveland sports writer Chuck Heaton later recalled that Ford was a leader , particularly with the black players on the squad . Led by an offense that featured Motley , quarterback Otto Graham and ends Mac Speedie and Dante Lavelli , the 1950 Browns finished the regular season with a 10–2 record and won the 1950 NFL Championship Game over the Los Angeles Rams . In a mid-October game against the Chicago Cardinals , an elbow by Pat Harder broke Fords nose , cheekbone , and maxilla ( upper jaw ) , knocked out two teeth , loosened several teeth and chipped another . Ford , who had been fighting with Harder throughout the game , punched him following the play , resulting in a penalty , his ejection from the game and a $50 ( $ in dollars ) fine . NFL commissioner Bert Bell withdrew the fine when the damage to Fords face was revealed . Fords facial injuries were so severe that a plastic surgery was required , virtually rebuilding the big ends face . The Browns long-time team doctor , Vic Ippolito , described Fords injuries as a sickening sight . Because of the injury , Ford started only four regular-season games in 1950 . However , he asked to be reinstated for the 1950 NFL Championship Game . Head coach Paul Brown agreed to allow Ford to suit up after receiving approval from the team doctor and arranging for a special mask to be built to protect Ford from further injury . Ford had been on a liquid diet until late November and dropped from 240 to 215 pounds , though he was back up to 223 pounds shortly before the championship game . As the championship game got underway , Ford sat on the bench as the Rams moved the ball 82 yards down the field for a touchdown . Browns head coach Paul Brown knew the defense had to tighten , and he called on Ford to enter the game . The Cleveland Plain Dealer later called this one of Len Fords great moments . Paul Brown stated that Ford showed me that day he really was a man . Brown later recalled that Ford was the teams only real hope of plugging a hole and recalled one sequence as a defining moment in the game : The Browns defense held the Rams scoreless in the fourth quarter , and the Browns won the championship game by a 30-28 score in their first season in the league . 1951 season . Ford continued to excel as a pass-rusher in 1951 , when the Browns again advanced to the NFL Championship Game but lost to the Rams . He recovered four fumbles during the season and was named a first-team All-Pro by both the Associated Press ( AP ) and the United Press International ( UPI ) . He was also named to the Pro Bowl , the NFLs all-star game . Fords dominating play allowed Brown to assign him to two offensive linemen , giving Cleveland the latitude to put four men on the line and use three linebackers in what is now known as the 4–3 defense . Clevelands defensive coach Blanton Collier later recalled the thinking behind moving Ford : We knew we had to get him in closer where his talents as a pass rusher could best be utilized . So we moved both tackles in and dropped the linebackers off the outside . It may have been the beginning of todays 4–3 defense . Collier also noted that Len was very aggressive and had that touch of meanness in him that you find in most defensive players . 1952 season . The 1952 Browns had eight regular-season wins and won the NFLs East Division , but lost to the Detroit Lions in the 1952 NFL Championship Game . Ford , meanwhile , extended his run of dominance against opposing offenses in an era before the quarterback sack was a recorded statistic . For the second consecutive year , he was named a first-team All-Pro by both the AP and UPI and was selected for the Pro Bowl . 1953 season . The 1953 Browns compiled an 11-1 record and again advanced to the NFL Championship Game , losing to the Detroit Lions . For the third consecutive year , Ford was named a first-team All-Pro by both the AP and UPI and was selected for the Pro Bowl . 1954 season . Willis and Motley retired after the 1953 season , but Ford and Don Colo continued to anchor the defense alongside Lahr in the secondary . The 1954 Browns lost two of their first three games , but finished the season with a 9–3 record and returned to win the 1954 NFL Championship Game over the Lions . Ford had two interceptions in the Browns 56–10 win over the Lions , including one which he returned 45 yards to set a new NFL playoff record . Ford recovered a career-high five fumbles in 1954 , and he was selected as a first-team All-Pro by the AP and UPI for the fourth year in a row . He was also selected to play in his fourth consecutive Pro Bowl . 1955 season . The 1955 Browns compiled a 9–2–1 record in 1955 and won the 1955 NFL Championship Game against the Los Angeles Rams , helped by a strong defensive effort and six interceptions of quarterback Norm Van Brocklin . Ford was selected as a first-team All-Pro by the UPI , the Newspaper Enterprise Association ( NEA ) and the New York Daily News . He was named a second-team All-Pro by the AP . 1956 and 1957 seasons . Graham and many of the players that had helped propel the Browns to a series of championship game appearances retired before the 1956 season . The 1956 team finished 5–7 that year , its first-ever losing record . By 1957 , there was speculation that Ford , then age 31 , might not make the Browns roster . Ford arrived at training camp well above his playing weight , and rookie Bob Mischak was given Fords spot in August . When Mischak withdrew from the team , the spot was awarded to another rookie , Paul Wiggin . Ford worked to shed pounds during training camp and worked to train the young defensive players , including Wiggin and Bill Quinlan . Rookie running back Jim Brown recalled that Ford pulled him aside during the 1957 training camp and gave him advice on dealing with the Browns head coach Paul Brown . Ford advised the rookie to keep his mouth shut and do as the coach set during practice and waiting until game day : Run it your way in the game and hope it works , and if it does , dont say anything . Just make your yardage and act like it was a mistake . Ford was slowed for several weeks during the 1957 season by a severely bruised shoulder , but the Browns , led by Jim Brown , reached the 1957 NFL Championship Game , losing to the Lions . Clevelands defense allowed the fewest points in the NFL in six of Fords eight seasons with the team . Green Bay Packers . In May 1958 , the Browns traded Ford to the Green Bay Packers in exchange for a draft choice . Green Bay coach Ray McLean said at the time that he acquired Ford for his talent at putting pressure on the quarterback and noted that hes one of the toughest guys in the league to block because of his speed , size and agility . The 1958 Green Bay team won just one game in Fords lone season there . Ford suffered multiple broken fingers before the last game of the 1958 season , and , because he was unable to play , the Packers refused to pay Ford the final $916.66 due on his contract . In 1961 , Ford sued the Packers in Wayne County Circuit Court in Detroit to collect the $916.66 plus $10,000 for alleged damage to his reputation caused by the Packers releasing him . Career statistics and legacy . Ford recovered 20 fumbles in his career , an NFL record at the time he retired as a player . He was successful in part because of his combination of quickness and size . Few players of his era who were as tall and big as he was could move as fast ; only Larry Brink of the Rams was close to him in proportions . In 1969 , Ford placed second in voting for the greatest defense end in NFL history . He was edged out by Gino Marchetti . He and Marchetti were selected as the defensive ends on the National Football League 1950s All-Decade Team . In 1976 , Ford was posthumously inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame . He was selected for induction by the 27-man media board that had responsibility for selections at that time . He was also inducted into the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor in 1996 . Family and later years . In 1951 , Ford married Geraldine Bledsoe Ford ( 1926–2003 ) , who was a lawyer in the 1950s , and in the mid-1960s became the first African-American woman to serve as a judge in Michigan . They had two daughters , Anita and Deborah , and divorced in 1959 . While playing in the NFL , Ford worked during the off-season in a Detroit real estate office . He developed a reputation for being cagey with the dollar and told Jet magazine in 1955 : In what other sport can a boy just graduated from college make $5,000 in his first six months , then have a half-year left to make more money ? After retiring from football , Ford attended the Detroit College of Law for a year-and-a-half , but never received a law degree . From 1963 until his death , Ford worked as the assistant director at Considine Recreation Center , the largest recreation center in Detroit . At the time of his death 16 months later , he was described in obituaries as the assistant recreation director for the City of Detroit . Sports writer Chuck Heaton wrote that Fords life was pretty much down hill after he retired from professional football . Heaton recalled that , in his later years , Ford seemed in poor physical condition , only a shadow of the mighty end he once was . Ford still aspired to obtain his law license , but , according to Heaton , appeared to have lost the drive which made him such a great football player . Don Newcombe , who became good friends with Ford , was more blunt . Interviewed in 1980 , Newcombe said that Fords life was decimated because of alcohol . Newcombe added : He became a wino , stumbling around in alleys . He gave up his life for alcohol . Ford suffered a heart attack in early March 1972 and died the following week at Detroit General Hospital . He was age 46 at the time of his death . |
[
"Morgan State University"
] | easy | Which school did Len Ford go to from 1944 to 1945? | /wiki/Len_Ford#P69#1 | Len Ford Leonard Guy Ford Jr . ( February 18 , 1926 – March 14 , 1972 ) was an American football player who played at the offensive and defensive end positions from 1944 to 1958 . He played college football for the University of Michigan and professional football for the Los Angeles Dons , Cleveland Browns and Green Bay Packers . He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1976 and the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor in 1996 . Ford was an all-city athlete at his high school in Washington , D.C. , and attended Morgan State University after graduating in 1944 . After a brief stint in the U.S . Navy the following year , he transferred to Michigan , where he played on the Michigan Wolverines football team as an offensive and defensive end . He played for Michigan from 1945 to 1947 and was a member of the undefeated 1947 team that has been selected as the best team in the history of Michigan football . Ford was passed over in all 32 rounds of the 1948 NFL Draft , but was selected by the Los Angeles Dons of the rival All-America Football Conference ( AAFC ) , where he played for two seasons as an offensive and defensive end . After the AAFC dissolved in 1949 , Ford played eight seasons as a defensive end for the Cleveland Browns . During those eight seasons , the Browns advanced to the NFL championship game seven times , won three championships , and allowed the fewest points in the NFL six times . Ford was one of the dominant defensive players of his era , having a rare combination of size and speed that helped him disrupt opposing offenses and force fumbles . He was selected as a first-team All-NFL player five times and played in four Pro Bowls . He was also one of two defensive ends named to the National Football League 1950s All-Decade Team . Ford was traded to the Packers in 1958 , but played there just one season before retiring . He worked for the Detroit recreation department from 1963 to 1972 . He suffered a heart attack and died in 1972 at age 46 . Early years . Ford was born in Washington , D.C. , in 1926 . His father , Leonard G . Ford , Sr. , was a Virginia native who was employed as a skilled laborer by the federal government in 1920 and as a printing operator at the Government Printing Office in 1940 . His mother , Jeraldine , was also a Virginia native who worked as a social worker in a settlement house in 1940 . Ford had an older sister , Anita , and a younger brother , Claude . As a teenager , Ford attended Armstrong Technical High School , where he played football , basketball and baseball . As a high school athlete , he aspired to play fullback in football , but he later recalled , I started to grow , and I grew right out of the backfield . He was chosen by local sportswriters as an all-city athlete in all three sports in his senior year , and he served as captain of all three teams for one season each . After he graduated in 1944 , Theodore McIntyre , Fords high school football coach , suggested he attend Morgan State University , a historically black college in Baltimore , Maryland . Ford played for the Morgan State Bears football team for one year under head coach Edward P . Hurt , while also starring as the center on the schools basketball team . The basketball team won its leagues championship in 1944 . Ford left Morgan State and joined the U.S . Navy in 1945 , but stayed in the service only briefly as World War II came to an end . University of Michigan . After the war , Ford transferred to the University of Michigan to play football in a bigger program than Morgan States . He wanted to get a shot at playing in the Rose Bowl one day , he later said . While attending Michigan , he was a member of Omega Psi Phi , an all-black fraternity whose membership also included Bob Mann , another Michigan end who went on to play in the NFL . 1945 and 1946 seasons . In 1945 , Ford was Michigans tallest player at and 190 pounds . Ford played as a backup at the left end for the 1945 Michigan football team that compiled a 7–3 win–loss record under head coach Fritz Crisler . When Ford caught a pass from Wally Teninga in Michigans 26-0 victory over Minnesota in early November 1945 , The New York Times took note and referred to Ford as a six-foot , five-inch giant . As a junior in 1946 , Ford had gained 16 pounds and weighed 206 pounds . That year , Ford and Bob Mann shared the left end position , with Ford starting four games and Mann two . The 1946 Michigan team finished with a 6–2–1 record . During the 1946 season , Ford established himself as a tenacious tackler on defense and was also a receiving threat as an end on offense . In the first game of the 1946 season , a 21-0 victory over Indiana , Ford recovered an Indiana fumble and then scored the games second touchdown on a 17-yard pass from Pete Elliott , leaping high in the air to grab the pigskin with one hand from the two backs guarding him in the end zone . Later in the season , he scored a touchdown against Wisconsin on an end-around , a play Michigan employed frequently with Ford . Ford also developed a reputation for forcing opponent fumbles with his technique of punching at the ball . 1947 season . By 1947 , Ford had grown to 215 pounds , 25 pounds heavier than he had weighed in 1945 . Led by All-American halfbacks Bob Chappuis and Bump Elliott , the undefeated 1947 Michigan team has been selected as the best team in the history of Michigan football . Nicknamed the Mad Magicians , the Michigan squad finished with a 10–0 record , capped by a 49–0 victory in the Rose Bowl over USC on New Years Day . Ford started only one game in 1947 , as Bob Mann was the starting left end in eight of Michigans 10 games . Even with reduced playing time , Ford caught a 35-yard touchdown pass in the first game of the season and had two receptions for 82 yards in the 55–0 win over Michigan State . He scored again in a game against Pitt . Fords defensive performance was credited with shutting down Ohio State in the final game of the 1947 season . After the Wolverines 21-0 victory over the Buckeyes , The Michigan Daily wrote : For the defense it was big Len Ford , who sparked a forward wall that never let the Bucks threaten . His end was practically impregnable . He smashed Ohio interference time and again , he continually harassed Dick Slager and Pandel Savic , the Ohio passers , and he made life miserable for Pete Perini , blocking one punt and rushing the Buckeye punter on nearly all of his kicks . Michigan finished first in the AP Poll and won the 1947 college football national championship , sharing the honor with Notre Dame , which had been first in the polls before the Rose Bowl . After the 1947 season , the Associated Press ( AP ) selected Ford as a third-team All-American end and named teammate Bob Mann as a second-team All-American end . The AP also named Ford a second-team all-Big Nine Conference end . In the summer of 1948 , he accepted an invitation to play for the college team in the College All-Star Game , a now-defunct annual matchup between the champion of the professional National Football League ( NFL ) and a selection of the countrys best college players . Professional career . Los Angeles Dons ( AAFC ) . Despite his accomplishments in college , Ford was passed over in all 32 rounds of the 1948 NFL Draft during a time when most professional teams did not employ African-Americans . ( The following year , George Taliaferro became the first African-American to be selected in an NFL draft. ) He was selected , however , by the Los Angeles Dons of the rival All-America Football Conference ( AAFC ) in the third round of the 1948 AAFC Draft . He signed with the Dons in April 1948 . Playing as a right end opposite Joe Aguirre , Ford had 31 catches for 598 yards and seven touchdowns in 1948 . As was the case at Michigan , Ford also worked on defense and was one of the AAFCs most successful pass-rushers . The Dons , meanwhile , finished the regular season with a 7–7 record , good for third place in the AAFC West . Ford played basketball in the off-season for the New York Renaissance , an all-black professional team in the National Basketball League . He did not play basketball at Michigan , the Big Ten Conference having maintained racial segregation of basketball until 1950 . Ford had 36 catches for 577 yards and one touchdown in 1949 , while the Dons fell to 4–8 . The AAFC struggled financially during Fords time with the Dons . Its teams competed with NFL franchises for fans attention and player talent – the Dons shared a city with the NFLs Los Angeles Rams . By late 1949 , team owners came to an agreement under which the Cleveland Browns , San Francisco 49ers and Baltimore Colts joined the NFL and the rest of the leagues teams , including the Dons , folded . Cleveland Browns . 1950 season . After the AAFC disbanded , the Browns selected Ford in the second round of the 1950 AAFC dispersal draft , created to reallocate former Dons , Buffalo Bills and Chicago Hornets players . Ford signed with the Browns in July 1950 . Cleveland head coach Paul Brown converted Ford into solely a defensive end as two-platoon systems gained popularity after 1950 . Ford bulked up to 260 pounds and quickly became a fixture of Clevelands defense alongside linebacker Bill Willis and defensive back Warren Lahr . He was one of five black players for Cleveland – the others were Willis , punter Horace Gillom and fullbacks Emerson Cole and Marion Motley – at a time when many other teams had never signed a black player . The Browns , in fact , had roughly a third of the black players in the NFL on their roster . Cleveland sports writer Chuck Heaton later recalled that Ford was a leader , particularly with the black players on the squad . Led by an offense that featured Motley , quarterback Otto Graham and ends Mac Speedie and Dante Lavelli , the 1950 Browns finished the regular season with a 10–2 record and won the 1950 NFL Championship Game over the Los Angeles Rams . In a mid-October game against the Chicago Cardinals , an elbow by Pat Harder broke Fords nose , cheekbone , and maxilla ( upper jaw ) , knocked out two teeth , loosened several teeth and chipped another . Ford , who had been fighting with Harder throughout the game , punched him following the play , resulting in a penalty , his ejection from the game and a $50 ( $ in dollars ) fine . NFL commissioner Bert Bell withdrew the fine when the damage to Fords face was revealed . Fords facial injuries were so severe that a plastic surgery was required , virtually rebuilding the big ends face . The Browns long-time team doctor , Vic Ippolito , described Fords injuries as a sickening sight . Because of the injury , Ford started only four regular-season games in 1950 . However , he asked to be reinstated for the 1950 NFL Championship Game . Head coach Paul Brown agreed to allow Ford to suit up after receiving approval from the team doctor and arranging for a special mask to be built to protect Ford from further injury . Ford had been on a liquid diet until late November and dropped from 240 to 215 pounds , though he was back up to 223 pounds shortly before the championship game . As the championship game got underway , Ford sat on the bench as the Rams moved the ball 82 yards down the field for a touchdown . Browns head coach Paul Brown knew the defense had to tighten , and he called on Ford to enter the game . The Cleveland Plain Dealer later called this one of Len Fords great moments . Paul Brown stated that Ford showed me that day he really was a man . Brown later recalled that Ford was the teams only real hope of plugging a hole and recalled one sequence as a defining moment in the game : The Browns defense held the Rams scoreless in the fourth quarter , and the Browns won the championship game by a 30-28 score in their first season in the league . 1951 season . Ford continued to excel as a pass-rusher in 1951 , when the Browns again advanced to the NFL Championship Game but lost to the Rams . He recovered four fumbles during the season and was named a first-team All-Pro by both the Associated Press ( AP ) and the United Press International ( UPI ) . He was also named to the Pro Bowl , the NFLs all-star game . Fords dominating play allowed Brown to assign him to two offensive linemen , giving Cleveland the latitude to put four men on the line and use three linebackers in what is now known as the 4–3 defense . Clevelands defensive coach Blanton Collier later recalled the thinking behind moving Ford : We knew we had to get him in closer where his talents as a pass rusher could best be utilized . So we moved both tackles in and dropped the linebackers off the outside . It may have been the beginning of todays 4–3 defense . Collier also noted that Len was very aggressive and had that touch of meanness in him that you find in most defensive players . 1952 season . The 1952 Browns had eight regular-season wins and won the NFLs East Division , but lost to the Detroit Lions in the 1952 NFL Championship Game . Ford , meanwhile , extended his run of dominance against opposing offenses in an era before the quarterback sack was a recorded statistic . For the second consecutive year , he was named a first-team All-Pro by both the AP and UPI and was selected for the Pro Bowl . 1953 season . The 1953 Browns compiled an 11-1 record and again advanced to the NFL Championship Game , losing to the Detroit Lions . For the third consecutive year , Ford was named a first-team All-Pro by both the AP and UPI and was selected for the Pro Bowl . 1954 season . Willis and Motley retired after the 1953 season , but Ford and Don Colo continued to anchor the defense alongside Lahr in the secondary . The 1954 Browns lost two of their first three games , but finished the season with a 9–3 record and returned to win the 1954 NFL Championship Game over the Lions . Ford had two interceptions in the Browns 56–10 win over the Lions , including one which he returned 45 yards to set a new NFL playoff record . Ford recovered a career-high five fumbles in 1954 , and he was selected as a first-team All-Pro by the AP and UPI for the fourth year in a row . He was also selected to play in his fourth consecutive Pro Bowl . 1955 season . The 1955 Browns compiled a 9–2–1 record in 1955 and won the 1955 NFL Championship Game against the Los Angeles Rams , helped by a strong defensive effort and six interceptions of quarterback Norm Van Brocklin . Ford was selected as a first-team All-Pro by the UPI , the Newspaper Enterprise Association ( NEA ) and the New York Daily News . He was named a second-team All-Pro by the AP . 1956 and 1957 seasons . Graham and many of the players that had helped propel the Browns to a series of championship game appearances retired before the 1956 season . The 1956 team finished 5–7 that year , its first-ever losing record . By 1957 , there was speculation that Ford , then age 31 , might not make the Browns roster . Ford arrived at training camp well above his playing weight , and rookie Bob Mischak was given Fords spot in August . When Mischak withdrew from the team , the spot was awarded to another rookie , Paul Wiggin . Ford worked to shed pounds during training camp and worked to train the young defensive players , including Wiggin and Bill Quinlan . Rookie running back Jim Brown recalled that Ford pulled him aside during the 1957 training camp and gave him advice on dealing with the Browns head coach Paul Brown . Ford advised the rookie to keep his mouth shut and do as the coach set during practice and waiting until game day : Run it your way in the game and hope it works , and if it does , dont say anything . Just make your yardage and act like it was a mistake . Ford was slowed for several weeks during the 1957 season by a severely bruised shoulder , but the Browns , led by Jim Brown , reached the 1957 NFL Championship Game , losing to the Lions . Clevelands defense allowed the fewest points in the NFL in six of Fords eight seasons with the team . Green Bay Packers . In May 1958 , the Browns traded Ford to the Green Bay Packers in exchange for a draft choice . Green Bay coach Ray McLean said at the time that he acquired Ford for his talent at putting pressure on the quarterback and noted that hes one of the toughest guys in the league to block because of his speed , size and agility . The 1958 Green Bay team won just one game in Fords lone season there . Ford suffered multiple broken fingers before the last game of the 1958 season , and , because he was unable to play , the Packers refused to pay Ford the final $916.66 due on his contract . In 1961 , Ford sued the Packers in Wayne County Circuit Court in Detroit to collect the $916.66 plus $10,000 for alleged damage to his reputation caused by the Packers releasing him . Career statistics and legacy . Ford recovered 20 fumbles in his career , an NFL record at the time he retired as a player . He was successful in part because of his combination of quickness and size . Few players of his era who were as tall and big as he was could move as fast ; only Larry Brink of the Rams was close to him in proportions . In 1969 , Ford placed second in voting for the greatest defense end in NFL history . He was edged out by Gino Marchetti . He and Marchetti were selected as the defensive ends on the National Football League 1950s All-Decade Team . In 1976 , Ford was posthumously inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame . He was selected for induction by the 27-man media board that had responsibility for selections at that time . He was also inducted into the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor in 1996 . Family and later years . In 1951 , Ford married Geraldine Bledsoe Ford ( 1926–2003 ) , who was a lawyer in the 1950s , and in the mid-1960s became the first African-American woman to serve as a judge in Michigan . They had two daughters , Anita and Deborah , and divorced in 1959 . While playing in the NFL , Ford worked during the off-season in a Detroit real estate office . He developed a reputation for being cagey with the dollar and told Jet magazine in 1955 : In what other sport can a boy just graduated from college make $5,000 in his first six months , then have a half-year left to make more money ? After retiring from football , Ford attended the Detroit College of Law for a year-and-a-half , but never received a law degree . From 1963 until his death , Ford worked as the assistant director at Considine Recreation Center , the largest recreation center in Detroit . At the time of his death 16 months later , he was described in obituaries as the assistant recreation director for the City of Detroit . Sports writer Chuck Heaton wrote that Fords life was pretty much down hill after he retired from professional football . Heaton recalled that , in his later years , Ford seemed in poor physical condition , only a shadow of the mighty end he once was . Ford still aspired to obtain his law license , but , according to Heaton , appeared to have lost the drive which made him such a great football player . Don Newcombe , who became good friends with Ford , was more blunt . Interviewed in 1980 , Newcombe said that Fords life was decimated because of alcohol . Newcombe added : He became a wino , stumbling around in alleys . He gave up his life for alcohol . Ford suffered a heart attack in early March 1972 and died the following week at Detroit General Hospital . He was age 46 at the time of his death . |
[
"University of Michigan"
] | easy | Which school did Len Ford go to from 1945 to 1947? | /wiki/Len_Ford#P69#2 | Len Ford Leonard Guy Ford Jr . ( February 18 , 1926 – March 14 , 1972 ) was an American football player who played at the offensive and defensive end positions from 1944 to 1958 . He played college football for the University of Michigan and professional football for the Los Angeles Dons , Cleveland Browns and Green Bay Packers . He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1976 and the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor in 1996 . Ford was an all-city athlete at his high school in Washington , D.C. , and attended Morgan State University after graduating in 1944 . After a brief stint in the U.S . Navy the following year , he transferred to Michigan , where he played on the Michigan Wolverines football team as an offensive and defensive end . He played for Michigan from 1945 to 1947 and was a member of the undefeated 1947 team that has been selected as the best team in the history of Michigan football . Ford was passed over in all 32 rounds of the 1948 NFL Draft , but was selected by the Los Angeles Dons of the rival All-America Football Conference ( AAFC ) , where he played for two seasons as an offensive and defensive end . After the AAFC dissolved in 1949 , Ford played eight seasons as a defensive end for the Cleveland Browns . During those eight seasons , the Browns advanced to the NFL championship game seven times , won three championships , and allowed the fewest points in the NFL six times . Ford was one of the dominant defensive players of his era , having a rare combination of size and speed that helped him disrupt opposing offenses and force fumbles . He was selected as a first-team All-NFL player five times and played in four Pro Bowls . He was also one of two defensive ends named to the National Football League 1950s All-Decade Team . Ford was traded to the Packers in 1958 , but played there just one season before retiring . He worked for the Detroit recreation department from 1963 to 1972 . He suffered a heart attack and died in 1972 at age 46 . Early years . Ford was born in Washington , D.C. , in 1926 . His father , Leonard G . Ford , Sr. , was a Virginia native who was employed as a skilled laborer by the federal government in 1920 and as a printing operator at the Government Printing Office in 1940 . His mother , Jeraldine , was also a Virginia native who worked as a social worker in a settlement house in 1940 . Ford had an older sister , Anita , and a younger brother , Claude . As a teenager , Ford attended Armstrong Technical High School , where he played football , basketball and baseball . As a high school athlete , he aspired to play fullback in football , but he later recalled , I started to grow , and I grew right out of the backfield . He was chosen by local sportswriters as an all-city athlete in all three sports in his senior year , and he served as captain of all three teams for one season each . After he graduated in 1944 , Theodore McIntyre , Fords high school football coach , suggested he attend Morgan State University , a historically black college in Baltimore , Maryland . Ford played for the Morgan State Bears football team for one year under head coach Edward P . Hurt , while also starring as the center on the schools basketball team . The basketball team won its leagues championship in 1944 . Ford left Morgan State and joined the U.S . Navy in 1945 , but stayed in the service only briefly as World War II came to an end . University of Michigan . After the war , Ford transferred to the University of Michigan to play football in a bigger program than Morgan States . He wanted to get a shot at playing in the Rose Bowl one day , he later said . While attending Michigan , he was a member of Omega Psi Phi , an all-black fraternity whose membership also included Bob Mann , another Michigan end who went on to play in the NFL . 1945 and 1946 seasons . In 1945 , Ford was Michigans tallest player at and 190 pounds . Ford played as a backup at the left end for the 1945 Michigan football team that compiled a 7–3 win–loss record under head coach Fritz Crisler . When Ford caught a pass from Wally Teninga in Michigans 26-0 victory over Minnesota in early November 1945 , The New York Times took note and referred to Ford as a six-foot , five-inch giant . As a junior in 1946 , Ford had gained 16 pounds and weighed 206 pounds . That year , Ford and Bob Mann shared the left end position , with Ford starting four games and Mann two . The 1946 Michigan team finished with a 6–2–1 record . During the 1946 season , Ford established himself as a tenacious tackler on defense and was also a receiving threat as an end on offense . In the first game of the 1946 season , a 21-0 victory over Indiana , Ford recovered an Indiana fumble and then scored the games second touchdown on a 17-yard pass from Pete Elliott , leaping high in the air to grab the pigskin with one hand from the two backs guarding him in the end zone . Later in the season , he scored a touchdown against Wisconsin on an end-around , a play Michigan employed frequently with Ford . Ford also developed a reputation for forcing opponent fumbles with his technique of punching at the ball . 1947 season . By 1947 , Ford had grown to 215 pounds , 25 pounds heavier than he had weighed in 1945 . Led by All-American halfbacks Bob Chappuis and Bump Elliott , the undefeated 1947 Michigan team has been selected as the best team in the history of Michigan football . Nicknamed the Mad Magicians , the Michigan squad finished with a 10–0 record , capped by a 49–0 victory in the Rose Bowl over USC on New Years Day . Ford started only one game in 1947 , as Bob Mann was the starting left end in eight of Michigans 10 games . Even with reduced playing time , Ford caught a 35-yard touchdown pass in the first game of the season and had two receptions for 82 yards in the 55–0 win over Michigan State . He scored again in a game against Pitt . Fords defensive performance was credited with shutting down Ohio State in the final game of the 1947 season . After the Wolverines 21-0 victory over the Buckeyes , The Michigan Daily wrote : For the defense it was big Len Ford , who sparked a forward wall that never let the Bucks threaten . His end was practically impregnable . He smashed Ohio interference time and again , he continually harassed Dick Slager and Pandel Savic , the Ohio passers , and he made life miserable for Pete Perini , blocking one punt and rushing the Buckeye punter on nearly all of his kicks . Michigan finished first in the AP Poll and won the 1947 college football national championship , sharing the honor with Notre Dame , which had been first in the polls before the Rose Bowl . After the 1947 season , the Associated Press ( AP ) selected Ford as a third-team All-American end and named teammate Bob Mann as a second-team All-American end . The AP also named Ford a second-team all-Big Nine Conference end . In the summer of 1948 , he accepted an invitation to play for the college team in the College All-Star Game , a now-defunct annual matchup between the champion of the professional National Football League ( NFL ) and a selection of the countrys best college players . Professional career . Los Angeles Dons ( AAFC ) . Despite his accomplishments in college , Ford was passed over in all 32 rounds of the 1948 NFL Draft during a time when most professional teams did not employ African-Americans . ( The following year , George Taliaferro became the first African-American to be selected in an NFL draft. ) He was selected , however , by the Los Angeles Dons of the rival All-America Football Conference ( AAFC ) in the third round of the 1948 AAFC Draft . He signed with the Dons in April 1948 . Playing as a right end opposite Joe Aguirre , Ford had 31 catches for 598 yards and seven touchdowns in 1948 . As was the case at Michigan , Ford also worked on defense and was one of the AAFCs most successful pass-rushers . The Dons , meanwhile , finished the regular season with a 7–7 record , good for third place in the AAFC West . Ford played basketball in the off-season for the New York Renaissance , an all-black professional team in the National Basketball League . He did not play basketball at Michigan , the Big Ten Conference having maintained racial segregation of basketball until 1950 . Ford had 36 catches for 577 yards and one touchdown in 1949 , while the Dons fell to 4–8 . The AAFC struggled financially during Fords time with the Dons . Its teams competed with NFL franchises for fans attention and player talent – the Dons shared a city with the NFLs Los Angeles Rams . By late 1949 , team owners came to an agreement under which the Cleveland Browns , San Francisco 49ers and Baltimore Colts joined the NFL and the rest of the leagues teams , including the Dons , folded . Cleveland Browns . 1950 season . After the AAFC disbanded , the Browns selected Ford in the second round of the 1950 AAFC dispersal draft , created to reallocate former Dons , Buffalo Bills and Chicago Hornets players . Ford signed with the Browns in July 1950 . Cleveland head coach Paul Brown converted Ford into solely a defensive end as two-platoon systems gained popularity after 1950 . Ford bulked up to 260 pounds and quickly became a fixture of Clevelands defense alongside linebacker Bill Willis and defensive back Warren Lahr . He was one of five black players for Cleveland – the others were Willis , punter Horace Gillom and fullbacks Emerson Cole and Marion Motley – at a time when many other teams had never signed a black player . The Browns , in fact , had roughly a third of the black players in the NFL on their roster . Cleveland sports writer Chuck Heaton later recalled that Ford was a leader , particularly with the black players on the squad . Led by an offense that featured Motley , quarterback Otto Graham and ends Mac Speedie and Dante Lavelli , the 1950 Browns finished the regular season with a 10–2 record and won the 1950 NFL Championship Game over the Los Angeles Rams . In a mid-October game against the Chicago Cardinals , an elbow by Pat Harder broke Fords nose , cheekbone , and maxilla ( upper jaw ) , knocked out two teeth , loosened several teeth and chipped another . Ford , who had been fighting with Harder throughout the game , punched him following the play , resulting in a penalty , his ejection from the game and a $50 ( $ in dollars ) fine . NFL commissioner Bert Bell withdrew the fine when the damage to Fords face was revealed . Fords facial injuries were so severe that a plastic surgery was required , virtually rebuilding the big ends face . The Browns long-time team doctor , Vic Ippolito , described Fords injuries as a sickening sight . Because of the injury , Ford started only four regular-season games in 1950 . However , he asked to be reinstated for the 1950 NFL Championship Game . Head coach Paul Brown agreed to allow Ford to suit up after receiving approval from the team doctor and arranging for a special mask to be built to protect Ford from further injury . Ford had been on a liquid diet until late November and dropped from 240 to 215 pounds , though he was back up to 223 pounds shortly before the championship game . As the championship game got underway , Ford sat on the bench as the Rams moved the ball 82 yards down the field for a touchdown . Browns head coach Paul Brown knew the defense had to tighten , and he called on Ford to enter the game . The Cleveland Plain Dealer later called this one of Len Fords great moments . Paul Brown stated that Ford showed me that day he really was a man . Brown later recalled that Ford was the teams only real hope of plugging a hole and recalled one sequence as a defining moment in the game : The Browns defense held the Rams scoreless in the fourth quarter , and the Browns won the championship game by a 30-28 score in their first season in the league . 1951 season . Ford continued to excel as a pass-rusher in 1951 , when the Browns again advanced to the NFL Championship Game but lost to the Rams . He recovered four fumbles during the season and was named a first-team All-Pro by both the Associated Press ( AP ) and the United Press International ( UPI ) . He was also named to the Pro Bowl , the NFLs all-star game . Fords dominating play allowed Brown to assign him to two offensive linemen , giving Cleveland the latitude to put four men on the line and use three linebackers in what is now known as the 4–3 defense . Clevelands defensive coach Blanton Collier later recalled the thinking behind moving Ford : We knew we had to get him in closer where his talents as a pass rusher could best be utilized . So we moved both tackles in and dropped the linebackers off the outside . It may have been the beginning of todays 4–3 defense . Collier also noted that Len was very aggressive and had that touch of meanness in him that you find in most defensive players . 1952 season . The 1952 Browns had eight regular-season wins and won the NFLs East Division , but lost to the Detroit Lions in the 1952 NFL Championship Game . Ford , meanwhile , extended his run of dominance against opposing offenses in an era before the quarterback sack was a recorded statistic . For the second consecutive year , he was named a first-team All-Pro by both the AP and UPI and was selected for the Pro Bowl . 1953 season . The 1953 Browns compiled an 11-1 record and again advanced to the NFL Championship Game , losing to the Detroit Lions . For the third consecutive year , Ford was named a first-team All-Pro by both the AP and UPI and was selected for the Pro Bowl . 1954 season . Willis and Motley retired after the 1953 season , but Ford and Don Colo continued to anchor the defense alongside Lahr in the secondary . The 1954 Browns lost two of their first three games , but finished the season with a 9–3 record and returned to win the 1954 NFL Championship Game over the Lions . Ford had two interceptions in the Browns 56–10 win over the Lions , including one which he returned 45 yards to set a new NFL playoff record . Ford recovered a career-high five fumbles in 1954 , and he was selected as a first-team All-Pro by the AP and UPI for the fourth year in a row . He was also selected to play in his fourth consecutive Pro Bowl . 1955 season . The 1955 Browns compiled a 9–2–1 record in 1955 and won the 1955 NFL Championship Game against the Los Angeles Rams , helped by a strong defensive effort and six interceptions of quarterback Norm Van Brocklin . Ford was selected as a first-team All-Pro by the UPI , the Newspaper Enterprise Association ( NEA ) and the New York Daily News . He was named a second-team All-Pro by the AP . 1956 and 1957 seasons . Graham and many of the players that had helped propel the Browns to a series of championship game appearances retired before the 1956 season . The 1956 team finished 5–7 that year , its first-ever losing record . By 1957 , there was speculation that Ford , then age 31 , might not make the Browns roster . Ford arrived at training camp well above his playing weight , and rookie Bob Mischak was given Fords spot in August . When Mischak withdrew from the team , the spot was awarded to another rookie , Paul Wiggin . Ford worked to shed pounds during training camp and worked to train the young defensive players , including Wiggin and Bill Quinlan . Rookie running back Jim Brown recalled that Ford pulled him aside during the 1957 training camp and gave him advice on dealing with the Browns head coach Paul Brown . Ford advised the rookie to keep his mouth shut and do as the coach set during practice and waiting until game day : Run it your way in the game and hope it works , and if it does , dont say anything . Just make your yardage and act like it was a mistake . Ford was slowed for several weeks during the 1957 season by a severely bruised shoulder , but the Browns , led by Jim Brown , reached the 1957 NFL Championship Game , losing to the Lions . Clevelands defense allowed the fewest points in the NFL in six of Fords eight seasons with the team . Green Bay Packers . In May 1958 , the Browns traded Ford to the Green Bay Packers in exchange for a draft choice . Green Bay coach Ray McLean said at the time that he acquired Ford for his talent at putting pressure on the quarterback and noted that hes one of the toughest guys in the league to block because of his speed , size and agility . The 1958 Green Bay team won just one game in Fords lone season there . Ford suffered multiple broken fingers before the last game of the 1958 season , and , because he was unable to play , the Packers refused to pay Ford the final $916.66 due on his contract . In 1961 , Ford sued the Packers in Wayne County Circuit Court in Detroit to collect the $916.66 plus $10,000 for alleged damage to his reputation caused by the Packers releasing him . Career statistics and legacy . Ford recovered 20 fumbles in his career , an NFL record at the time he retired as a player . He was successful in part because of his combination of quickness and size . Few players of his era who were as tall and big as he was could move as fast ; only Larry Brink of the Rams was close to him in proportions . In 1969 , Ford placed second in voting for the greatest defense end in NFL history . He was edged out by Gino Marchetti . He and Marchetti were selected as the defensive ends on the National Football League 1950s All-Decade Team . In 1976 , Ford was posthumously inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame . He was selected for induction by the 27-man media board that had responsibility for selections at that time . He was also inducted into the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor in 1996 . Family and later years . In 1951 , Ford married Geraldine Bledsoe Ford ( 1926–2003 ) , who was a lawyer in the 1950s , and in the mid-1960s became the first African-American woman to serve as a judge in Michigan . They had two daughters , Anita and Deborah , and divorced in 1959 . While playing in the NFL , Ford worked during the off-season in a Detroit real estate office . He developed a reputation for being cagey with the dollar and told Jet magazine in 1955 : In what other sport can a boy just graduated from college make $5,000 in his first six months , then have a half-year left to make more money ? After retiring from football , Ford attended the Detroit College of Law for a year-and-a-half , but never received a law degree . From 1963 until his death , Ford worked as the assistant director at Considine Recreation Center , the largest recreation center in Detroit . At the time of his death 16 months later , he was described in obituaries as the assistant recreation director for the City of Detroit . Sports writer Chuck Heaton wrote that Fords life was pretty much down hill after he retired from professional football . Heaton recalled that , in his later years , Ford seemed in poor physical condition , only a shadow of the mighty end he once was . Ford still aspired to obtain his law license , but , according to Heaton , appeared to have lost the drive which made him such a great football player . Don Newcombe , who became good friends with Ford , was more blunt . Interviewed in 1980 , Newcombe said that Fords life was decimated because of alcohol . Newcombe added : He became a wino , stumbling around in alleys . He gave up his life for alcohol . Ford suffered a heart attack in early March 1972 and died the following week at Detroit General Hospital . He was age 46 at the time of his death . |
[
"Norwegian State Railways"
] | easy | Who owned Bratsberg Line from Dec 1916 to Dec 1995? | /wiki/Bratsberg_Line#P127#0 | Bratsberg Line The Bratsberg Line ( ) is a railway line between Eidanger and Notodden in Vestfold og Telemark county , Norway . It opened in 1917 , connecting the Tinnos Line , the Sørland Line and the Vestfold Line ; allowing Norsk Hydro to transport fertilizer from their plant at Rjukan to the port in Skien . Since 1991 only passenger trains are operated , using Y1 stock by Norges Statsbaner ( NSB ) . The railway is single track and features Norways tallest railway bridge , Hjukse Bridge at . It is owned by the Norwegian National Rail Administration Service . Norges Statsbaner ( NSB ) operates three Y1 diesel railcars between Notodden and Porsgrunn each hour . The route is on contract with the county through the transit authority Vestviken Kollektivtrafikk . NSB uses diesel traction despite the railway being electrified . History . Background . The need for a railway line from Notodden to Skien was driven forward by two key circumstances ; the need for a railway to replace the Telemark Canal , and the construction of the Sørlandet Line . From the opening in 1909 Rjukan Salpeterfrabrik had transported their ammonia for shipment from Skien along the Rjukan Line , the Tinnsjø railway ferry and the Tinnos Line to Notodden , where the ammonia was transferred from railway wagons to barges and shipped down along the Telemark Canal to Skien . At the time many locals wanted to expand the canal instead of building a railway—to allow ocean-going vessels to enter the port at Notodden and removing the need for transshipment in Skien . Plans were launched by Sigurd Kloumann in 1911 , but rejected by the management of Norsk Hydro who preferred a continual railway line . The Sørland Line ( at the time called the Vestland Line ) was intended to follow an inland route , and have several branch lines out to the most important cities—including Skien and Notodden . At Skien Bratsbergbanen would connect to the Vestfold Line that continues to Porsgrunn and through Vestfold back to Drammen . The Bratsberg Line would run as part of the Sørland Line between Hjuksebø to Nordagutu , branching off at those two stations . There were two proposed routes , running on each side of the lake Norsjø . An eastern solution would be shorter and provide easier transport for Norsk Hydro , but would serve a smaller population that a western route ; supporters of the eastern route pointed out that with a western route Notodden would be closer to Drammen than Skien—a possible deteriorating effect on Telemark as a county . The western route would be 55 km , while the eastern routes would be 76 km via Gvarv and 94 via Lunde . Negotiations . The proposal for the Bratsberg Line was to incorporate the Tinnos Line , allowing seamless operations . The Norwegian State Railways ( NSB ) negotiated with Norsk Transport , the Norsk Hydro subsidiary that operated the railways , and on 31 May 1913 they reached an agreement to create a company that would build the new railway and take over ownership of the Tinnos Line . Total equity would be NOK 16.5 million , where NSB would finance the whole new line while Norsk Transport would receive stocks of NOK 5.4 million—half in preferred shares and half in common shares—for the incorporation of the Tinnos Line and NOK 4.2 million was for the state financed part of the Sørland Line from Notodden to Nordagutu . Private investors would be allowed to sign shares for 5.9 million in preferred shares . As a result , NSB would have to guarantee a dividend of five percent to the private owners . In parliament this was seen as a pure gift to foreign capital interests ; the state would with the agreement have to insure the profits of the company to foreign investors , and a short section of the Sørland Line would be privately owned . Parliament instead suggested that NSB be given the preferred shares , and all new equity be signed by the state ; now Norsk Transport would have to guarantee for the profits for the state . Budget exceeding would be covered by new shares sold to the state , and the company would build up a fund for the later expropriation of the line . The final decision to build the line was made by parliament on 25 July 1913 . An agreement with Norsk Transport was made on 4 October 1913 , which dictated that the Tinnos Line was transferred to the state from 1 July earlier the same year . Construction . Construction started in 1913 , with cost estimates at NOK 11.1 million ; higher wages , inflation , lack of work force and geological difficulties around Skien pressed the final cost to NOK 21.9 million . The line was built with electric traction—just like the Tinnos Line and the Rjukan Line . In Skien a controversy concerning the location of the new station arose ; many locals claimed the station was too far out of the city and the stating was moved back to the old location in 1927 . Porsgrunn patriots were hoping that the city would become the terminus , but instead the standard gauge track was extended to Eidanger ; a critical point because it would become the transshipment point from narrow- to standard gauge . Regular traffic started 4 December 1916 , but the official opening was not until 17 December 1917 , with another official opening occurring on 9 February 1920 along with sections of the Sørland Line . The branch Brevik Line was completed on 16 June 1921 , while the branch line to Herøya was not completed until 1952 . Operations . Operation of the line was the responsibility of NSB , while the ownership remained in Øst-Telemark Jernbaneaktieselskap ; Norsk Hydro was forced to provide a five percent dividend to NSB—money that was put into a fund to purchase Norsk Hydros ownership at a later time . Norsk Transport retained ownership of the Rjukan Line and operated the railway ferries . The passenger and general cargo transport on the line was not profitable , and Norsk Hydro had to subsidize this through higher fees on their freight . For NSB it was a profitable venture , as one of three lines to make profits in 1932 . During the 1920s the two companies brought their disagreements to court ; on 7 April 1923 the Supreme Court ruled in favor of NSB , and Norsk Hydro had to continue subsidizing operations . In the period 1920–35 , 6.1 million tonnes of cargo was transported for Norsk Hydro . During the first half of the 1930s the price of potassium nitrate fell 60% , and in 1934 Norsk Hydro announced they would move production ; to compensate the state agreed to in part subsidize the transport on the railway . Still , on 6 April 1934 the plant at Notodden was closed and moved to Herøya in Porsgrunn . The disagreement between Norsk Hydro and NSB continued through the 1930s- and 40s until an agreement was reached in 1952 as to the value of each party in the line . On 1 July 1953 NSB bought Norsk Hydros ownership in the line ; the company remained a limited company until April 1956 . A new agreement for transport fees was reached , giving Norsk Hydro a quantity discount , but falling production at Rjukan made it impossible for Norsk Hydro to take advantage of the potential discount . Decline . From the 1960s the production at Rjukan decreased steadily , and the plant was finally closed on 1 July 1991 ; the last freight train was run four days later . Passenger transport from Porsgrunn to Tinnoset was terminated at the end of 1990 , with 260 passengers taking the final train . Trains continued to operate to Notodden ; except from October 2000 to August 2001 . On 25 August 2004 the northern terminus at Notodden was moved by 800 m to a more central location ; the extension is now electrified and reopened on the 14th of December 2020 . External links . - Jernbaneverkets list of stations on the Bratsberg Line - Jernbaneverkets list of stations on the Bratsberg Line ( in English , but detail descriptions in Norwegian ) |
[
"Norwegian National Rail Administration"
] | easy | Bratsberg Line was owned by whom from 1996 to Dec 2016? | /wiki/Bratsberg_Line#P127#1 | Bratsberg Line The Bratsberg Line ( ) is a railway line between Eidanger and Notodden in Vestfold og Telemark county , Norway . It opened in 1917 , connecting the Tinnos Line , the Sørland Line and the Vestfold Line ; allowing Norsk Hydro to transport fertilizer from their plant at Rjukan to the port in Skien . Since 1991 only passenger trains are operated , using Y1 stock by Norges Statsbaner ( NSB ) . The railway is single track and features Norways tallest railway bridge , Hjukse Bridge at . It is owned by the Norwegian National Rail Administration Service . Norges Statsbaner ( NSB ) operates three Y1 diesel railcars between Notodden and Porsgrunn each hour . The route is on contract with the county through the transit authority Vestviken Kollektivtrafikk . NSB uses diesel traction despite the railway being electrified . History . Background . The need for a railway line from Notodden to Skien was driven forward by two key circumstances ; the need for a railway to replace the Telemark Canal , and the construction of the Sørlandet Line . From the opening in 1909 Rjukan Salpeterfrabrik had transported their ammonia for shipment from Skien along the Rjukan Line , the Tinnsjø railway ferry and the Tinnos Line to Notodden , where the ammonia was transferred from railway wagons to barges and shipped down along the Telemark Canal to Skien . At the time many locals wanted to expand the canal instead of building a railway—to allow ocean-going vessels to enter the port at Notodden and removing the need for transshipment in Skien . Plans were launched by Sigurd Kloumann in 1911 , but rejected by the management of Norsk Hydro who preferred a continual railway line . The Sørland Line ( at the time called the Vestland Line ) was intended to follow an inland route , and have several branch lines out to the most important cities—including Skien and Notodden . At Skien Bratsbergbanen would connect to the Vestfold Line that continues to Porsgrunn and through Vestfold back to Drammen . The Bratsberg Line would run as part of the Sørland Line between Hjuksebø to Nordagutu , branching off at those two stations . There were two proposed routes , running on each side of the lake Norsjø . An eastern solution would be shorter and provide easier transport for Norsk Hydro , but would serve a smaller population that a western route ; supporters of the eastern route pointed out that with a western route Notodden would be closer to Drammen than Skien—a possible deteriorating effect on Telemark as a county . The western route would be 55 km , while the eastern routes would be 76 km via Gvarv and 94 via Lunde . Negotiations . The proposal for the Bratsberg Line was to incorporate the Tinnos Line , allowing seamless operations . The Norwegian State Railways ( NSB ) negotiated with Norsk Transport , the Norsk Hydro subsidiary that operated the railways , and on 31 May 1913 they reached an agreement to create a company that would build the new railway and take over ownership of the Tinnos Line . Total equity would be NOK 16.5 million , where NSB would finance the whole new line while Norsk Transport would receive stocks of NOK 5.4 million—half in preferred shares and half in common shares—for the incorporation of the Tinnos Line and NOK 4.2 million was for the state financed part of the Sørland Line from Notodden to Nordagutu . Private investors would be allowed to sign shares for 5.9 million in preferred shares . As a result , NSB would have to guarantee a dividend of five percent to the private owners . In parliament this was seen as a pure gift to foreign capital interests ; the state would with the agreement have to insure the profits of the company to foreign investors , and a short section of the Sørland Line would be privately owned . Parliament instead suggested that NSB be given the preferred shares , and all new equity be signed by the state ; now Norsk Transport would have to guarantee for the profits for the state . Budget exceeding would be covered by new shares sold to the state , and the company would build up a fund for the later expropriation of the line . The final decision to build the line was made by parliament on 25 July 1913 . An agreement with Norsk Transport was made on 4 October 1913 , which dictated that the Tinnos Line was transferred to the state from 1 July earlier the same year . Construction . Construction started in 1913 , with cost estimates at NOK 11.1 million ; higher wages , inflation , lack of work force and geological difficulties around Skien pressed the final cost to NOK 21.9 million . The line was built with electric traction—just like the Tinnos Line and the Rjukan Line . In Skien a controversy concerning the location of the new station arose ; many locals claimed the station was too far out of the city and the stating was moved back to the old location in 1927 . Porsgrunn patriots were hoping that the city would become the terminus , but instead the standard gauge track was extended to Eidanger ; a critical point because it would become the transshipment point from narrow- to standard gauge . Regular traffic started 4 December 1916 , but the official opening was not until 17 December 1917 , with another official opening occurring on 9 February 1920 along with sections of the Sørland Line . The branch Brevik Line was completed on 16 June 1921 , while the branch line to Herøya was not completed until 1952 . Operations . Operation of the line was the responsibility of NSB , while the ownership remained in Øst-Telemark Jernbaneaktieselskap ; Norsk Hydro was forced to provide a five percent dividend to NSB—money that was put into a fund to purchase Norsk Hydros ownership at a later time . Norsk Transport retained ownership of the Rjukan Line and operated the railway ferries . The passenger and general cargo transport on the line was not profitable , and Norsk Hydro had to subsidize this through higher fees on their freight . For NSB it was a profitable venture , as one of three lines to make profits in 1932 . During the 1920s the two companies brought their disagreements to court ; on 7 April 1923 the Supreme Court ruled in favor of NSB , and Norsk Hydro had to continue subsidizing operations . In the period 1920–35 , 6.1 million tonnes of cargo was transported for Norsk Hydro . During the first half of the 1930s the price of potassium nitrate fell 60% , and in 1934 Norsk Hydro announced they would move production ; to compensate the state agreed to in part subsidize the transport on the railway . Still , on 6 April 1934 the plant at Notodden was closed and moved to Herøya in Porsgrunn . The disagreement between Norsk Hydro and NSB continued through the 1930s- and 40s until an agreement was reached in 1952 as to the value of each party in the line . On 1 July 1953 NSB bought Norsk Hydros ownership in the line ; the company remained a limited company until April 1956 . A new agreement for transport fees was reached , giving Norsk Hydro a quantity discount , but falling production at Rjukan made it impossible for Norsk Hydro to take advantage of the potential discount . Decline . From the 1960s the production at Rjukan decreased steadily , and the plant was finally closed on 1 July 1991 ; the last freight train was run four days later . Passenger transport from Porsgrunn to Tinnoset was terminated at the end of 1990 , with 260 passengers taking the final train . Trains continued to operate to Notodden ; except from October 2000 to August 2001 . On 25 August 2004 the northern terminus at Notodden was moved by 800 m to a more central location ; the extension is now electrified and reopened on the 14th of December 2020 . External links . - Jernbaneverkets list of stations on the Bratsberg Line - Jernbaneverkets list of stations on the Bratsberg Line ( in English , but detail descriptions in Norwegian ) |
[
""
] | easy | Bratsberg Line was owned by whom from 2017 to 2018? | /wiki/Bratsberg_Line#P127#2 | Bratsberg Line The Bratsberg Line ( ) is a railway line between Eidanger and Notodden in Vestfold og Telemark county , Norway . It opened in 1917 , connecting the Tinnos Line , the Sørland Line and the Vestfold Line ; allowing Norsk Hydro to transport fertilizer from their plant at Rjukan to the port in Skien . Since 1991 only passenger trains are operated , using Y1 stock by Norges Statsbaner ( NSB ) . The railway is single track and features Norways tallest railway bridge , Hjukse Bridge at . It is owned by the Norwegian National Rail Administration Service . Norges Statsbaner ( NSB ) operates three Y1 diesel railcars between Notodden and Porsgrunn each hour . The route is on contract with the county through the transit authority Vestviken Kollektivtrafikk . NSB uses diesel traction despite the railway being electrified . History . Background . The need for a railway line from Notodden to Skien was driven forward by two key circumstances ; the need for a railway to replace the Telemark Canal , and the construction of the Sørlandet Line . From the opening in 1909 Rjukan Salpeterfrabrik had transported their ammonia for shipment from Skien along the Rjukan Line , the Tinnsjø railway ferry and the Tinnos Line to Notodden , where the ammonia was transferred from railway wagons to barges and shipped down along the Telemark Canal to Skien . At the time many locals wanted to expand the canal instead of building a railway—to allow ocean-going vessels to enter the port at Notodden and removing the need for transshipment in Skien . Plans were launched by Sigurd Kloumann in 1911 , but rejected by the management of Norsk Hydro who preferred a continual railway line . The Sørland Line ( at the time called the Vestland Line ) was intended to follow an inland route , and have several branch lines out to the most important cities—including Skien and Notodden . At Skien Bratsbergbanen would connect to the Vestfold Line that continues to Porsgrunn and through Vestfold back to Drammen . The Bratsberg Line would run as part of the Sørland Line between Hjuksebø to Nordagutu , branching off at those two stations . There were two proposed routes , running on each side of the lake Norsjø . An eastern solution would be shorter and provide easier transport for Norsk Hydro , but would serve a smaller population that a western route ; supporters of the eastern route pointed out that with a western route Notodden would be closer to Drammen than Skien—a possible deteriorating effect on Telemark as a county . The western route would be 55 km , while the eastern routes would be 76 km via Gvarv and 94 via Lunde . Negotiations . The proposal for the Bratsberg Line was to incorporate the Tinnos Line , allowing seamless operations . The Norwegian State Railways ( NSB ) negotiated with Norsk Transport , the Norsk Hydro subsidiary that operated the railways , and on 31 May 1913 they reached an agreement to create a company that would build the new railway and take over ownership of the Tinnos Line . Total equity would be NOK 16.5 million , where NSB would finance the whole new line while Norsk Transport would receive stocks of NOK 5.4 million—half in preferred shares and half in common shares—for the incorporation of the Tinnos Line and NOK 4.2 million was for the state financed part of the Sørland Line from Notodden to Nordagutu . Private investors would be allowed to sign shares for 5.9 million in preferred shares . As a result , NSB would have to guarantee a dividend of five percent to the private owners . In parliament this was seen as a pure gift to foreign capital interests ; the state would with the agreement have to insure the profits of the company to foreign investors , and a short section of the Sørland Line would be privately owned . Parliament instead suggested that NSB be given the preferred shares , and all new equity be signed by the state ; now Norsk Transport would have to guarantee for the profits for the state . Budget exceeding would be covered by new shares sold to the state , and the company would build up a fund for the later expropriation of the line . The final decision to build the line was made by parliament on 25 July 1913 . An agreement with Norsk Transport was made on 4 October 1913 , which dictated that the Tinnos Line was transferred to the state from 1 July earlier the same year . Construction . Construction started in 1913 , with cost estimates at NOK 11.1 million ; higher wages , inflation , lack of work force and geological difficulties around Skien pressed the final cost to NOK 21.9 million . The line was built with electric traction—just like the Tinnos Line and the Rjukan Line . In Skien a controversy concerning the location of the new station arose ; many locals claimed the station was too far out of the city and the stating was moved back to the old location in 1927 . Porsgrunn patriots were hoping that the city would become the terminus , but instead the standard gauge track was extended to Eidanger ; a critical point because it would become the transshipment point from narrow- to standard gauge . Regular traffic started 4 December 1916 , but the official opening was not until 17 December 1917 , with another official opening occurring on 9 February 1920 along with sections of the Sørland Line . The branch Brevik Line was completed on 16 June 1921 , while the branch line to Herøya was not completed until 1952 . Operations . Operation of the line was the responsibility of NSB , while the ownership remained in Øst-Telemark Jernbaneaktieselskap ; Norsk Hydro was forced to provide a five percent dividend to NSB—money that was put into a fund to purchase Norsk Hydros ownership at a later time . Norsk Transport retained ownership of the Rjukan Line and operated the railway ferries . The passenger and general cargo transport on the line was not profitable , and Norsk Hydro had to subsidize this through higher fees on their freight . For NSB it was a profitable venture , as one of three lines to make profits in 1932 . During the 1920s the two companies brought their disagreements to court ; on 7 April 1923 the Supreme Court ruled in favor of NSB , and Norsk Hydro had to continue subsidizing operations . In the period 1920–35 , 6.1 million tonnes of cargo was transported for Norsk Hydro . During the first half of the 1930s the price of potassium nitrate fell 60% , and in 1934 Norsk Hydro announced they would move production ; to compensate the state agreed to in part subsidize the transport on the railway . Still , on 6 April 1934 the plant at Notodden was closed and moved to Herøya in Porsgrunn . The disagreement between Norsk Hydro and NSB continued through the 1930s- and 40s until an agreement was reached in 1952 as to the value of each party in the line . On 1 July 1953 NSB bought Norsk Hydros ownership in the line ; the company remained a limited company until April 1956 . A new agreement for transport fees was reached , giving Norsk Hydro a quantity discount , but falling production at Rjukan made it impossible for Norsk Hydro to take advantage of the potential discount . Decline . From the 1960s the production at Rjukan decreased steadily , and the plant was finally closed on 1 July 1991 ; the last freight train was run four days later . Passenger transport from Porsgrunn to Tinnoset was terminated at the end of 1990 , with 260 passengers taking the final train . Trains continued to operate to Notodden ; except from October 2000 to August 2001 . On 25 August 2004 the northern terminus at Notodden was moved by 800 m to a more central location ; the extension is now electrified and reopened on the 14th of December 2020 . External links . - Jernbaneverkets list of stations on the Bratsberg Line - Jernbaneverkets list of stations on the Bratsberg Line ( in English , but detail descriptions in Norwegian ) |
[
"Robin Hayes"
] | easy | Richard Hudson (American politician) was an employee for whom from 2000 to 2005? | /wiki/Richard_Hudson_(American_politician)#P108#0 | Richard Hudson ( American politician ) Richard Lane Hudson ( born November 4 , 1971 ) is an American politician serving as the U.S . Representative for North Carolinas 8th congressional district since 2013 . A member of the Republican Party , his district covers a large part of the southern Piedmont area from Concord to Spring Lake . Early life and education . Hudson was born in Franklin , Virginia , but has lived in the Charlotte area since childhood . He graduated from Myers Park High School in 1990 . He attended the University of North Carolina at Charlotte and graduated Omicron Delta Kappa in 1996 with a bachelors degree in political science and history . He also served as student body president and president of the College Republicans , and was a member of the Kappa Alpha Order social fraternity . Early career . Active in politics for many years , Hudson served as district director for 8th District Congressman Robin Hayes from 1999 to 2005 . At various times , he served on the staffs of Republicans Virginia Foxx , John Carter and Mike Conaway . He also served as communications director for the North Carolina Republican Party in the mid-1990s . In 1996 he worked on Richard Vinroots campaign for governor , and in 2008 as campaign manager for Pat McCrorys run for governor . Hudson was the president of Cabarrus Marketing Group , a small business consulting and marketing company he started in 2011 and dissolved upon his election to Congress . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . - 2012 Hudson ran for Congress in North Carolinas 8th congressional district . He won the July 17 Republican primary runoff with 64% of the vote against Scott Keadle and faced Democratic incumbent Larry Kissell in November . The district had been made significantly more Republican in redistricting , losing most of its share of Charlotte and picking up several heavily Republican areas northeast of the city . - 2014 Hudson was opposed by Antonio Blue in the general election and won 64.9% to 35.1% . - 2016 In 2016 , Hudson was challenged by Tim DAnnunzio in the primary election . He won with 64.6% of the vote to DAnnunzios 35.4% . In the general election , Hudson defeated Democrat Thomas Mills 58.8%–41.2% . - 2018 - 2020 Hudson defeated Democrat Patricia Timmons-Goodson in the November 3 general election . Committee assignments . At the beginning of the 116th Congress , Hudson was assigned to the Committee on Energy and Commerce , Subcommittee on Energy , Subcommittee on Health and Subcommittee on Consumer Protection and Commerce . Caucus membership . - Republican Study Committee Tenure . According to The Sandhills Sentinel , Hudson holds conservative positions on gun control , opposes abortion , and has been a leading advocate of opioid reform . In 2014 , Hudson proposed prohibiting EPA officials from using airplane travel for official travel . Hudson sponsored a bill to improve airport security in reaction to the 2013 Los Angeles International Airport shooting . Representative John Katko reintroduced the bill , which became law in the 114th Congress . Hudson supported President Donald Trumps 2017 executive order to impose a temporary ban on entry to the U.S . to citizens of seven Muslim-majority countries , saying , At a time of grave security threats , President Trump is right to pause the flow of refugees from countries where terrorism is rampant until we can properly vet them and implement additional screening for individuals traveling to and from these countries . Hudson favors repealing the Affordable Care Act ( Obamacare ) and has voted to repeal it . In December 2020 , Hudson was one of 126 Republican members of the House of Representatives to sign an amicus brief in support of Texas v . Pennsylvania , a lawsuit filed at the United States Supreme Court contesting the results of the 2020 presidential election , in which Joe Biden defeated Trump . The Supreme Court declined to hear the case on the basis that Texas lacked standing under Article III of the Constitution to challenge the results of an election held by another state . On January 6 , 2021 , Hudson was one of 147 Republican lawmakers who objected to the certification of electoral votes from the 2020 presidential election after a mob of Trump supporters stormed the U.S . Capitol and forced an emergency recess of Congress . On May 19 , 2021 , Hudson and all seven other House Republican leaders voted against establishing a national commission to investigate the January 6 , 2021 , attack on the United States Capitol Complex . Thirty-five Republican House members and all 217 Democrats present voted to establish such a commission . Personal life . Hudsons wife , Renee , was chief of staff for Kellyanne Conway . External links . - Congressman Richard Hudson official U.S . House website - Richard Hudson for Congress |
[
"Virginia Foxx"
] | easy | What was the name of the employer Richard Hudson (American politician) work for from 2005 to 2006? | /wiki/Richard_Hudson_(American_politician)#P108#1 | Richard Hudson ( American politician ) Richard Lane Hudson ( born November 4 , 1971 ) is an American politician serving as the U.S . Representative for North Carolinas 8th congressional district since 2013 . A member of the Republican Party , his district covers a large part of the southern Piedmont area from Concord to Spring Lake . Early life and education . Hudson was born in Franklin , Virginia , but has lived in the Charlotte area since childhood . He graduated from Myers Park High School in 1990 . He attended the University of North Carolina at Charlotte and graduated Omicron Delta Kappa in 1996 with a bachelors degree in political science and history . He also served as student body president and president of the College Republicans , and was a member of the Kappa Alpha Order social fraternity . Early career . Active in politics for many years , Hudson served as district director for 8th District Congressman Robin Hayes from 1999 to 2005 . At various times , he served on the staffs of Republicans Virginia Foxx , John Carter and Mike Conaway . He also served as communications director for the North Carolina Republican Party in the mid-1990s . In 1996 he worked on Richard Vinroots campaign for governor , and in 2008 as campaign manager for Pat McCrorys run for governor . Hudson was the president of Cabarrus Marketing Group , a small business consulting and marketing company he started in 2011 and dissolved upon his election to Congress . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . - 2012 Hudson ran for Congress in North Carolinas 8th congressional district . He won the July 17 Republican primary runoff with 64% of the vote against Scott Keadle and faced Democratic incumbent Larry Kissell in November . The district had been made significantly more Republican in redistricting , losing most of its share of Charlotte and picking up several heavily Republican areas northeast of the city . - 2014 Hudson was opposed by Antonio Blue in the general election and won 64.9% to 35.1% . - 2016 In 2016 , Hudson was challenged by Tim DAnnunzio in the primary election . He won with 64.6% of the vote to DAnnunzios 35.4% . In the general election , Hudson defeated Democrat Thomas Mills 58.8%–41.2% . - 2018 - 2020 Hudson defeated Democrat Patricia Timmons-Goodson in the November 3 general election . Committee assignments . At the beginning of the 116th Congress , Hudson was assigned to the Committee on Energy and Commerce , Subcommittee on Energy , Subcommittee on Health and Subcommittee on Consumer Protection and Commerce . Caucus membership . - Republican Study Committee Tenure . According to The Sandhills Sentinel , Hudson holds conservative positions on gun control , opposes abortion , and has been a leading advocate of opioid reform . In 2014 , Hudson proposed prohibiting EPA officials from using airplane travel for official travel . Hudson sponsored a bill to improve airport security in reaction to the 2013 Los Angeles International Airport shooting . Representative John Katko reintroduced the bill , which became law in the 114th Congress . Hudson supported President Donald Trumps 2017 executive order to impose a temporary ban on entry to the U.S . to citizens of seven Muslim-majority countries , saying , At a time of grave security threats , President Trump is right to pause the flow of refugees from countries where terrorism is rampant until we can properly vet them and implement additional screening for individuals traveling to and from these countries . Hudson favors repealing the Affordable Care Act ( Obamacare ) and has voted to repeal it . In December 2020 , Hudson was one of 126 Republican members of the House of Representatives to sign an amicus brief in support of Texas v . Pennsylvania , a lawsuit filed at the United States Supreme Court contesting the results of the 2020 presidential election , in which Joe Biden defeated Trump . The Supreme Court declined to hear the case on the basis that Texas lacked standing under Article III of the Constitution to challenge the results of an election held by another state . On January 6 , 2021 , Hudson was one of 147 Republican lawmakers who objected to the certification of electoral votes from the 2020 presidential election after a mob of Trump supporters stormed the U.S . Capitol and forced an emergency recess of Congress . On May 19 , 2021 , Hudson and all seven other House Republican leaders voted against establishing a national commission to investigate the January 6 , 2021 , attack on the United States Capitol Complex . Thirty-five Republican House members and all 217 Democrats present voted to establish such a commission . Personal life . Hudsons wife , Renee , was chief of staff for Kellyanne Conway . External links . - Congressman Richard Hudson official U.S . House website - Richard Hudson for Congress |
Subsets and Splits