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[
"Russia"
] | easy | Which country did Tragheim belong to from 1991 to 1992? | /wiki/Tragheim#P17#2 | Tragheim Tragheim was a quarter of northern Königsberg , Germany . Its territory is now part of Kaliningrad , Russia . History . Tragheim was first documented in 1299 , but probably already existed as an Old Prussian farming village in 1255 when the Teutonic Knights conquered Sambia during the Prussian Crusade . The German name Tragheim was derived from the Prussian Trakkeim , meaning a village in a forest clearing ( similar to Trakehnen ) . Germans were a minority in the village along the Schlossteich and the Oberteich during the Middle Ages ; by 1535 Prussian Lithuanians were also documented in Tragheim . Tragheim became a Freiheit suburb under the control of Königsberg Castle , receiving its own court in 1528 and its own seal in 1577 . Its coat of arms depicted a brown deers head between two green fir trees on a blue field . While Tragheim had been excluded from medieval Königsbergs walls , the village was included within the greater Baroque fortifications constructed during the 1620s . Neighboring quarters were the Lustgarten and Burgfreiheit to the south , Steindamm to the west , the city walls to the north , the Oberteich to the northeast , and the Schlossteich to the east . Farther to the north beyond the walls was the village of Tragheimsdorf and the heath known as the Tragheimer Palve . Altstadt , Löbenicht , Kneiphof , and their respective suburbs were merged to form the united city of Königsberg in 1724 . However , Königsberg Castle and its suburbs , including Tragheim , were included within the new city limits but remained under royal , not municipal , control . Tragheim was merged into the city during the Städteordnung of Stein on 19 November 1808 during the era of Prussian reforms . By 1890 the area from Neurossgartens Wagnerstraße through Steindamm to Tragheimer Pulverstraße was the most densely settled part of the city . During the late 19th and early 20th centuries , however , many of Königsbergs affluent citizens moved from Tragheim to the new suburbs of Amalienau and Maraunenhof . In the same era Tragheim also had Königsbergs lowest birth rate . Tragheim Gate in the city walls was dismantled in 1911 to increase traffic and development in northern Königsberg . Tragheim was heavily damaged by the 1944 Bombing of Königsberg and 1945 Battle of Königsberg . Locations . As Tragheim grew , it was divided into western Vordertragheim ( nearer Tragheim ) , central Mitteltragheim ( middle Tragheim ) , and eastern Hintertragheim ( further Tragheim ) . The main thoroughfare in Vordertragheim was Tragheimer Kirchenstraße , which was named after the Lutheran Tragheim Church . The street ran from Junkerstraße to Wrangelstraße , parallel to Steindamm . Mitteltragheims main road , also called Mitteltragheim , ran from Burgstraße to Wallring . In 1897 the Baugewerkschule ( building trades school ) moved from Synagogenstraßse in Vorstadt to Schönstraße in central Tragheim . From 1860 to 1872 theater director Arthur Woltersdorffs Wilhelmstheater was located in Mitteltragheim . Acquired by the government in 1872 , it was converted into the Regierungs-Präsidium , the administrative seat for Regierungsbezirk Königsberg , in 1880 . By 1914 the Ostpreußische Zeitung , a conservative newspaper , was published from Tragheimer Pulverstraße in central Tragheim . Hintertragheims eponymous main road ran from Theaterplatz to Wrangelstraße . Hintertragheim with its sidestreets was nicknamed the Geheimratsviertel ( privy council quarter ) because of the many court officials who lived there . Numerous prominent professors also lived in Hintertragheim . Königsbergs Masonic Lodges were located in Hintertragheim near the Schlossteich and included Zum Todtenkopfe und Phoenix , the Dreikronenloge , and the Johannisloge Immanuel . A mathematical physics cabinet was located in the private residence of Franz Ernst Neumann in Hintertragheim . A Baptist chapel was constructed in Hintertragheim in 1870 , while the Wilhelmsgymnasium moved from Altroßgärter Predigerstraße in Rossgarten to Hintertragheim in 1879 . The street Nachtigallensteig in northern Hintertragheim was named after the large numbers of nightingales which lived in the vicinity and frequented the Studentenfließ , a stream which flowed into the Oberteich . In 1698 Elector Frederick III imposed a fine of 100 Gulden for shooting or caging a nightingale . While the street was long known as Nachtigallensteig , the idyllic name was only made official in 1884 . The University of Königsberg moved from its original campus in Kneiphof to Paradeplatz between Tragheim and Burgfreiheit in 1861 . Several of the universitys buildings were also located in Tragheim . The royal and university library moved to the Braxein-Tettau-Henschesches Palais in 1901 . A physics institute and an agriculture academy were located in northwestern Tragheim . The Baugewerkschule was situated on Schönstraße . By the late 19th century , Wrangel-Straße in northern Tragheim contained the Protestant cemetery of Tragheim Church , a Jewish cemetery , the cuirassier barracks , and horse stables . The Bismarck-Oberlyzeum moved into the former barracks in 1931 . Built in the early 20th century on the northern side of Wallring was the Haus der Technik , the Christuskirche , and the Kunsthalle , while the Hindenburg-Oberrealschule was on the southern side . The Ostmesse trade fair was located just north of Tragheim . In 1906 military engineers dismantled part of the city walls in northern Tragheim just south of the Wrangel Tower ( Wrangelturm , named after Friedrich Graf von Wrangel ) near the Oberteich . In order to comply with Jewish law , the citys Adass Isroel congregation requested the installation of an eruv to enclose the community . A wire known as the Judendraht was thus installed over the gap in the wall , symbolically completing the eruv . References . - Karl , G . ( 1924 ) . Geschichtliches Straßenverzeichnis der Stadt Königsberg in Preußen . Einleitung und Ergänzungen bis 1941 von Peter Wörster . Königsberg Pr. : Verlag der Königsberger Allgemeinen Zeitung und Verlagsdruckerei . pp . 176 . Reprinted by Verein für Familienforschung in Ost- und Westpreußen e.V . Nr . 4 . Hamburg , 1992 . |
[
"Georgia Military Academy"
] | easy | Where was Phil Gramm educated from 1960 to 1961? | /wiki/Phil_Gramm#P69#0 | Phil Gramm William Philip Gramm ( born July 8 , 1942 ) is an American economist and politician who represented Texas in both houses of Congress . Though he began his political career as a Democrat , Gramm switched to the Republican Party in 1983 . Gramm was an unsuccessful candidate in the 1996 Republican Party presidential primaries . Biography . Born in Fort Benning , Georgia , Gramm taught economics at Texas A&M University after earning a doctorate in economics from the University of Georgia . He won election to the United States House of Representatives in 1978 , becoming one of the most conservative Democrats in Congress . After being thrown off the House Budget Committee , Gramm resigned from Congress , joined the Republican Party , and won a special election to fill the vacancy caused by his resignation . He won election to the United States Senate in 1984 . Gramm became a member of the Senate Banking Committee in 1999 , serving as chairman until 2001 . He cosponsored the 1985 Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Budget Act , which sought to reduce the U.S . federal budget deficit . He also supported deregulation , sponsoring the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000 and the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act . The latter act repealed provisions of the Glass-Steagall Act which had separated banking , insurance , and brokerage activities . Gramm sought the presidential nomination in the 1996 Republican primaries but dropped out after the first set of primaries . Gramm retired from Congress in 2002 . He became a lobbyist for UBS and founded a public policy and lobbying firm , Gramm Partners . He was a senior economic adviser to John McCains 2008 presidential campaign . Early life and university career . Gramm was born on July 8 , 1942 in Fort Benning , Georgia , and grew up in nearby Columbus . Soon after his birth , Gramms father , Kenneth Marsh Gramm , a career Army sergeant , suffered a stroke and was partially paralyzed . He died when Gramm was 14 . Gramms mother , Florence ( née Scroggins ) , worked double shifts as a nurse to supplement the veterans disability pension . Gramm attended public schools , graduated in 1961 from Georgia Military Academy ( now Woodward Academy ) , and graduated in 1964 from the University of Georgia . He received a doctorate in economics from the University of Georgias Terry College of Business in 1967 . He then taught economics at Texas A&M University from 1967 to 1978 . In addition to teaching , Gramm founded the economic consulting firm Gramm and Associates ( 1971–1978 ) . United States House of Representatives . In 1976 , Gramm unsuccessfully challenged Texas Democratic Senator Lloyd Bentsen , in the partys senatorial primary . Then in 1978 Gramm successfully ran as a Democrat for Representative from Texass 6th congressional district , which stretched from the Fort Worth suburbs to College Station . He was reelected to his House seat as a Democrat in 1980 . Gramms voting record was very conservative , even by Texas Democratic standards of the time . During his first four terms , he tallied an average rating of 89 from the American Conservative Union , and from 1980 to 1982 he garnered the highest rating from that body of any Democrat in the Texas delegation . In 1981 , he co-sponsored the Gramm-Latta Budget which implemented President Ronald Reagans economic program , increased military spending , cut other spending , and mandated the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 ( the Kemp-Roth Tax Cut ) . Just days after being reelected in 1982 , Gramm was thrown off the House Budget Committee . In response , Gramm resigned his House seat on January 5 , 1983 . He then ran as a Republican for his own vacancy in a February 12 , 1983 special election , and won easily . One of his many special election opponents was the second-place finisher by only 115 votes in his 1978 Democratic Party primary , the then newly elected State Senator Chet Edwards of Waco , and later U.S . Representative for the 11th and the 17th congressional districts of Texas ( January 3 , 1991 – January 3 , 2011 ) . Another special election opponent was Texas State Representative Dan Kubiak of Rockdale , Texas . Gramm became the first Republican to represent the district since its creation in 1846 . After he left the House , the seat was retained for the Republican party by Joe Barton . United States Senate . In 1984 , Gramm was elected as a Republican to represent Texas in the U.S . Senate . He defeated Congressman Ron Paul , former gubernatorial nominee Henry Grover , Robert Mosbacher , Jr. , of Houston , and several of other contenders in the primary . He then faced the Democratic nominee , State Senator Lloyd Doggett of Austin in the general election for the right to succeed retiring Republican Senator John G . Tower . Gramm polled 3,116,348 votes ( 58.5 percent ) to Doggetts 2,207,557 ( 41.5 percent ) . Gramm was the first U.S . Senate candidate in the history of Texas to receive more than three million votes . In October 1985 , Gramm , Fritz Hollings , and Warren Rudman sponsored an amendment to establish a budget deficits ceiling that would decline to zero by 1991 that was attached to a bill raising the debt limit of the federal government by more than $250 billion . The amendment was approved by a vote of 75 to 24 and was stated as a possible prelude to a balanced budget in five years without a tax increase by United States Secretary of the Treasury James Baker : I think its important that we recognize the Gramm-Rudman amendment is basically a process designed to give the legislative branch and in some degree the executive branch , the political will to deal with the deficit . It means its going to force some action . Given the political will to make the hard choices you can reach balance without having to raise taxes . Gramm served on the Senate Budget Committee from 1989 until leaving office in 2002 . Gramm and Senators Fritz Hollings and Warren Rudman devised a means of cutting the budget through across-the-board spending cuts if deficit-reduction targets were not met . They were successful in making the Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Act law , although portions were ruled unconstitutional . In the years following the passage of the Act , other sections were largely superseded by other budget-controlling mechanisms . In 1990 , Gramm failed in an effort to amend the Iraq International Law Compliance Act of 1990 . An earlier amendment to the act , the DAmato Amendment , prohibited the US from selling arms or extending any sort of financial assistance to Iraq unless the President could prove Iraq was in substantial compliance with the provisions of a number of human rights conventions , including the Genocide Convention . After reading the DAmato Amendment , Gramm introduced his own amendment to counter the human rights sanctions in the DAmato Amendment . Gramms amendment would have allowed the George Bush administration to waive the terms of the DAmato Amendment if it found that sanctions against Iraq hurt US businesses and farms more than they hurt Iraq . In the end , the bill passed the Senate without Gramms amendment only a week before Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait . Gramm won his second Senate term in 1990 with a victory over Democratic State Senator and former Fort Worth Mayor Hugh Parmer . Gramm polled 3,027,680 votes ( 60.2 percent ) to Parmers 1,429,986 ( 37.4 percent ) , again receiving more than three million votes . Between 1999 and 2001 , Gramm was the chairman of the U.S . Senate Committee on Banking , Housing , and Urban Affairs . During that time he spearheaded efforts to pass banking deregulation laws , including the landmark Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act in 1999 , which removed Depression-era laws separating banking , insurance , and brokerage activities . As a senator , Gramm often called for reductions in taxes and fraud in government spending . He employed his Dickey Flatt Test ( Is it worth taking it out of Dickeys pocket? ) to determine if federal programs were worthwhile . Richard Dickey Flatt owns a family-run printing business started by his father and mother in Mexia , Texas , and is a longtime Gramm supporter . In Gramms eyes , Flatt embodied the burdens that a typical Texas independent small businessman faced in the realm of taxation and government spending . In spite of his self-proclaimed opposition to Federal spending , Gramm voted to have the Federal Government build the Superconducting Super Collider in his state , which would have cost billions of dollars of taxpayer money . Gramm ran unsuccessfully for the Republican Party nomination in the 1996 presidential election , for which he had raised $8 million as early as July 1994 . Although he began the race with a full war-chest and tied for first place with Dole in the 1995 Iowa Straw Poll , his campaign was fatally wounded In 1995 when the scandal broke out that he had previously invested in the porn movies industry , which led the NYT to nickname him Porno Gramm . Consequently , he lost the Louisiana Caucus on February 7 , 1996 to Pat Buchanan ( the final delegate count was 13–8 ) . New Orleans Times Picayune political columnist Otis Pike noted the loss could be traced to the passion of the supporters for Buchanan compared to those for Gramm . Gramm should have won the Louisiana caucuses – but didnt , because the religious right turned out to vote in larger numbers . At least part of this was because James Dobson infamously said , I walked into that meeting fully expecting to support Phil Gramm for President . Now I dont think Id vote for him if he was the last man standing . This poor showing in a state adjacent to Texas plus placing 5th in Iowas caucuses resulted in Gramms withdrawal from the contest on the Sunday before the New Hampshire primary . He threw his support to a senatorial colleague Robert J . Dole of Kansas . Gramm , a proponent of free trade , also lashed out at Buchanan , arguing that Buchanan was a protectionist . After abandoning his presidential bid , Gramm refocused on his bid for a third Senate term . He defeated Victor Morales of Dallas in November 1996 to win what would be his final term in the Senate . Gramm was one of five co-sponsors of the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000 . One provision of the bill is often referred to as the Enron loophole because some critics blame the provision for permitting the Enron scandal to occur . Wendy Gramm was an Enron Board member and her husband was the second-largest recipient of campaign contributions from Enron , succeeded in legislating Californias energy commodity trading deregulation . Despite warnings from prominent consumer groups which stated that this law would give energy traders too much influence over energy commodity prices , the legislation was passed in December 2000 . In 2002 , Gramm left his Senate seat ( effective November 30 ) a few weeks before the expiration of his term in hopes that his successor , fellow Republican John Cornyn , could gain seniority over other newly elected senators . However , Cornyn did not gain additional seniority due to a 1980 Rules Committee policy . 2007 mortgage and 2008 financial and economic crises . Some economists state that the 1999 legislation spearheaded by Gramm and signed into law by President Clinton—the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act—was significantly to blame for the 2007 subprime mortgage crisis and 2008 global economic crisis . The Act is most widely known for repealing portions of the Glass–Steagall Act , which had regulated the financial services industry . The Act passed the House and Senate by an overwhelming majority on November 4 , 1999 . Gramm responded in March 2008 to criticism of the act by stating that he saw no evidence whatsoever that the sub-prime mortgage crisis was caused in any way by allowing banks and securities companies and insurance companies to compete against each other . Gramms support was later critical in the passage of the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000 , which kept derivatives transactions , including those involving credit default swaps , free of government regulation . In its 2008 coverage of the financial crisis , The Washington Post named Gramm one of seven Key Players In the Battle Over Regulating Derivatives , for having pushed through several major bills to deregulate the banking and investment industries , including the 1999 Gramm–Leach–Bliley act that brought down the walls separating the commercial banking , investment and insurance industries . 2008 Nobel Laureate in Economics Paul Krugman , a supporter of Barack Obama and former President Bill Clinton , described Gramm during the 2008 presidential race as the high priest of deregulation , and has listed him as the number two person responsible for the economic crisis of 2008 behind only Alan Greenspan . On October 14 , 2008 , CNN ranked Gramm number seven in its list of the 10 individuals most responsible for the current economic crisis . In January 2009 Guardian City editor Julia Finch identified Gramm as one of twenty-five people who were at the heart of the financial meltdown . Time included Gramm in its list of the top 25 people to blame for the economic crisis . John McCain 2008 presidential campaign . Gramm was co-chair of John McCains presidential campaign and his most senior economic adviser from the summer of 2007 until July 18 , 2008 . In a July 9 , 2008 interview on McCains economic plans , Gramm explained the nation was not in a recession , stating , Youve heard of mental depression ; this is a mental recession . He added , We have sort of become a nation of whiners , you just hear this constant whining , complaining about a loss of competitiveness , America in decline . Gramms comments immediately became a campaign issue . McCains opponent , Senator Barack Obama , stated , America already has one Dr . Phil . We dont need another one when it comes to the economy . .. . This economic downturn is not in your head . McCain strongly denounced Gramms comments . On July 18 , 2008 Gramm stepped down from his position with the McCain campaign . Explaining his remarks , Gramm stated that he had used the word whiners to describe the nations politicians rather than the public , stating the whiners are the leaders . In the same interview , Gramm said , Im not going to retract any of it . Every word I said was true . 2016 Republican presidential primary . Gramm endorsed U.S . Senator Marco Rubio in the 2016 Republican presidential primary stating : Hes the best prepared on national security . He can win the general election . Upon Rubios withdrawal from the race , Gramm endorsed his fellow Texan Ted Cruz , calling him a fearless leader and fighter for conservatives all over the country . Career with UBS . As of 2009 , Gramm is employed by UBS AG as a vice chairman of the Investment Bank division . UBS.com states that a vice chairman of a UBS division is ...appointed to support the business in their relationships with key clients . He joined UBS in 2002 immediately after retiring from the Senate . Personal life . Gramm lives in Helotes , outside San Antonio , Texas . He is married to Wendy Lee Gramm , a native of Hawaii , who is associated with George Mason Universitys Mercatus Center in Virginia . They are the parents of two sons : Marshall Gramm , a professor of economics at Rhodes College in Memphis , Tennessee , and Jeff Gramm , who is a money manager , author , and previously a musician in the indie pop band Aden . In 1999 , after a bonfire stack collapse at Texas A&M University that resulted in 12 deaths , then-Senator Phil Gramm offered the F-16 flyover reserved for his future funeral as a US senator to be given instead to the Texas A&M community . The offer was accepted and a memorial flyover for the 12 killed was flown at a Texas A&M football game on November 26 , 1999 . Works . - Ekelund , R.B. , Jr. , E.G . Furubotn , and W.P . Gramm , eds . The Evolution of Modern Demand Theory : A Collection of Essays . Lexington , MA : Lexington Books , 1972 . - Anders , Gerhard , Phillip Gramm , and Charles W . Smithson . The Economics of Mineral Extraction . New York : Praeger , 1980 . - Gramm , Phil . The Role of Government in a Free Society : A Collection of Speeches and Articles . Dallas : Fisher Institute , 1982 . |
[
"University of Georgia"
] | easy | Which school did Phil Gramm go to in 1961? | /wiki/Phil_Gramm#P69#1 | Phil Gramm William Philip Gramm ( born July 8 , 1942 ) is an American economist and politician who represented Texas in both houses of Congress . Though he began his political career as a Democrat , Gramm switched to the Republican Party in 1983 . Gramm was an unsuccessful candidate in the 1996 Republican Party presidential primaries . Biography . Born in Fort Benning , Georgia , Gramm taught economics at Texas A&M University after earning a doctorate in economics from the University of Georgia . He won election to the United States House of Representatives in 1978 , becoming one of the most conservative Democrats in Congress . After being thrown off the House Budget Committee , Gramm resigned from Congress , joined the Republican Party , and won a special election to fill the vacancy caused by his resignation . He won election to the United States Senate in 1984 . Gramm became a member of the Senate Banking Committee in 1999 , serving as chairman until 2001 . He cosponsored the 1985 Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Budget Act , which sought to reduce the U.S . federal budget deficit . He also supported deregulation , sponsoring the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000 and the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act . The latter act repealed provisions of the Glass-Steagall Act which had separated banking , insurance , and brokerage activities . Gramm sought the presidential nomination in the 1996 Republican primaries but dropped out after the first set of primaries . Gramm retired from Congress in 2002 . He became a lobbyist for UBS and founded a public policy and lobbying firm , Gramm Partners . He was a senior economic adviser to John McCains 2008 presidential campaign . Early life and university career . Gramm was born on July 8 , 1942 in Fort Benning , Georgia , and grew up in nearby Columbus . Soon after his birth , Gramms father , Kenneth Marsh Gramm , a career Army sergeant , suffered a stroke and was partially paralyzed . He died when Gramm was 14 . Gramms mother , Florence ( née Scroggins ) , worked double shifts as a nurse to supplement the veterans disability pension . Gramm attended public schools , graduated in 1961 from Georgia Military Academy ( now Woodward Academy ) , and graduated in 1964 from the University of Georgia . He received a doctorate in economics from the University of Georgias Terry College of Business in 1967 . He then taught economics at Texas A&M University from 1967 to 1978 . In addition to teaching , Gramm founded the economic consulting firm Gramm and Associates ( 1971–1978 ) . United States House of Representatives . In 1976 , Gramm unsuccessfully challenged Texas Democratic Senator Lloyd Bentsen , in the partys senatorial primary . Then in 1978 Gramm successfully ran as a Democrat for Representative from Texass 6th congressional district , which stretched from the Fort Worth suburbs to College Station . He was reelected to his House seat as a Democrat in 1980 . Gramms voting record was very conservative , even by Texas Democratic standards of the time . During his first four terms , he tallied an average rating of 89 from the American Conservative Union , and from 1980 to 1982 he garnered the highest rating from that body of any Democrat in the Texas delegation . In 1981 , he co-sponsored the Gramm-Latta Budget which implemented President Ronald Reagans economic program , increased military spending , cut other spending , and mandated the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 ( the Kemp-Roth Tax Cut ) . Just days after being reelected in 1982 , Gramm was thrown off the House Budget Committee . In response , Gramm resigned his House seat on January 5 , 1983 . He then ran as a Republican for his own vacancy in a February 12 , 1983 special election , and won easily . One of his many special election opponents was the second-place finisher by only 115 votes in his 1978 Democratic Party primary , the then newly elected State Senator Chet Edwards of Waco , and later U.S . Representative for the 11th and the 17th congressional districts of Texas ( January 3 , 1991 – January 3 , 2011 ) . Another special election opponent was Texas State Representative Dan Kubiak of Rockdale , Texas . Gramm became the first Republican to represent the district since its creation in 1846 . After he left the House , the seat was retained for the Republican party by Joe Barton . United States Senate . In 1984 , Gramm was elected as a Republican to represent Texas in the U.S . Senate . He defeated Congressman Ron Paul , former gubernatorial nominee Henry Grover , Robert Mosbacher , Jr. , of Houston , and several of other contenders in the primary . He then faced the Democratic nominee , State Senator Lloyd Doggett of Austin in the general election for the right to succeed retiring Republican Senator John G . Tower . Gramm polled 3,116,348 votes ( 58.5 percent ) to Doggetts 2,207,557 ( 41.5 percent ) . Gramm was the first U.S . Senate candidate in the history of Texas to receive more than three million votes . In October 1985 , Gramm , Fritz Hollings , and Warren Rudman sponsored an amendment to establish a budget deficits ceiling that would decline to zero by 1991 that was attached to a bill raising the debt limit of the federal government by more than $250 billion . The amendment was approved by a vote of 75 to 24 and was stated as a possible prelude to a balanced budget in five years without a tax increase by United States Secretary of the Treasury James Baker : I think its important that we recognize the Gramm-Rudman amendment is basically a process designed to give the legislative branch and in some degree the executive branch , the political will to deal with the deficit . It means its going to force some action . Given the political will to make the hard choices you can reach balance without having to raise taxes . Gramm served on the Senate Budget Committee from 1989 until leaving office in 2002 . Gramm and Senators Fritz Hollings and Warren Rudman devised a means of cutting the budget through across-the-board spending cuts if deficit-reduction targets were not met . They were successful in making the Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Act law , although portions were ruled unconstitutional . In the years following the passage of the Act , other sections were largely superseded by other budget-controlling mechanisms . In 1990 , Gramm failed in an effort to amend the Iraq International Law Compliance Act of 1990 . An earlier amendment to the act , the DAmato Amendment , prohibited the US from selling arms or extending any sort of financial assistance to Iraq unless the President could prove Iraq was in substantial compliance with the provisions of a number of human rights conventions , including the Genocide Convention . After reading the DAmato Amendment , Gramm introduced his own amendment to counter the human rights sanctions in the DAmato Amendment . Gramms amendment would have allowed the George Bush administration to waive the terms of the DAmato Amendment if it found that sanctions against Iraq hurt US businesses and farms more than they hurt Iraq . In the end , the bill passed the Senate without Gramms amendment only a week before Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait . Gramm won his second Senate term in 1990 with a victory over Democratic State Senator and former Fort Worth Mayor Hugh Parmer . Gramm polled 3,027,680 votes ( 60.2 percent ) to Parmers 1,429,986 ( 37.4 percent ) , again receiving more than three million votes . Between 1999 and 2001 , Gramm was the chairman of the U.S . Senate Committee on Banking , Housing , and Urban Affairs . During that time he spearheaded efforts to pass banking deregulation laws , including the landmark Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act in 1999 , which removed Depression-era laws separating banking , insurance , and brokerage activities . As a senator , Gramm often called for reductions in taxes and fraud in government spending . He employed his Dickey Flatt Test ( Is it worth taking it out of Dickeys pocket? ) to determine if federal programs were worthwhile . Richard Dickey Flatt owns a family-run printing business started by his father and mother in Mexia , Texas , and is a longtime Gramm supporter . In Gramms eyes , Flatt embodied the burdens that a typical Texas independent small businessman faced in the realm of taxation and government spending . In spite of his self-proclaimed opposition to Federal spending , Gramm voted to have the Federal Government build the Superconducting Super Collider in his state , which would have cost billions of dollars of taxpayer money . Gramm ran unsuccessfully for the Republican Party nomination in the 1996 presidential election , for which he had raised $8 million as early as July 1994 . Although he began the race with a full war-chest and tied for first place with Dole in the 1995 Iowa Straw Poll , his campaign was fatally wounded In 1995 when the scandal broke out that he had previously invested in the porn movies industry , which led the NYT to nickname him Porno Gramm . Consequently , he lost the Louisiana Caucus on February 7 , 1996 to Pat Buchanan ( the final delegate count was 13–8 ) . New Orleans Times Picayune political columnist Otis Pike noted the loss could be traced to the passion of the supporters for Buchanan compared to those for Gramm . Gramm should have won the Louisiana caucuses – but didnt , because the religious right turned out to vote in larger numbers . At least part of this was because James Dobson infamously said , I walked into that meeting fully expecting to support Phil Gramm for President . Now I dont think Id vote for him if he was the last man standing . This poor showing in a state adjacent to Texas plus placing 5th in Iowas caucuses resulted in Gramms withdrawal from the contest on the Sunday before the New Hampshire primary . He threw his support to a senatorial colleague Robert J . Dole of Kansas . Gramm , a proponent of free trade , also lashed out at Buchanan , arguing that Buchanan was a protectionist . After abandoning his presidential bid , Gramm refocused on his bid for a third Senate term . He defeated Victor Morales of Dallas in November 1996 to win what would be his final term in the Senate . Gramm was one of five co-sponsors of the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000 . One provision of the bill is often referred to as the Enron loophole because some critics blame the provision for permitting the Enron scandal to occur . Wendy Gramm was an Enron Board member and her husband was the second-largest recipient of campaign contributions from Enron , succeeded in legislating Californias energy commodity trading deregulation . Despite warnings from prominent consumer groups which stated that this law would give energy traders too much influence over energy commodity prices , the legislation was passed in December 2000 . In 2002 , Gramm left his Senate seat ( effective November 30 ) a few weeks before the expiration of his term in hopes that his successor , fellow Republican John Cornyn , could gain seniority over other newly elected senators . However , Cornyn did not gain additional seniority due to a 1980 Rules Committee policy . 2007 mortgage and 2008 financial and economic crises . Some economists state that the 1999 legislation spearheaded by Gramm and signed into law by President Clinton—the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act—was significantly to blame for the 2007 subprime mortgage crisis and 2008 global economic crisis . The Act is most widely known for repealing portions of the Glass–Steagall Act , which had regulated the financial services industry . The Act passed the House and Senate by an overwhelming majority on November 4 , 1999 . Gramm responded in March 2008 to criticism of the act by stating that he saw no evidence whatsoever that the sub-prime mortgage crisis was caused in any way by allowing banks and securities companies and insurance companies to compete against each other . Gramms support was later critical in the passage of the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000 , which kept derivatives transactions , including those involving credit default swaps , free of government regulation . In its 2008 coverage of the financial crisis , The Washington Post named Gramm one of seven Key Players In the Battle Over Regulating Derivatives , for having pushed through several major bills to deregulate the banking and investment industries , including the 1999 Gramm–Leach–Bliley act that brought down the walls separating the commercial banking , investment and insurance industries . 2008 Nobel Laureate in Economics Paul Krugman , a supporter of Barack Obama and former President Bill Clinton , described Gramm during the 2008 presidential race as the high priest of deregulation , and has listed him as the number two person responsible for the economic crisis of 2008 behind only Alan Greenspan . On October 14 , 2008 , CNN ranked Gramm number seven in its list of the 10 individuals most responsible for the current economic crisis . In January 2009 Guardian City editor Julia Finch identified Gramm as one of twenty-five people who were at the heart of the financial meltdown . Time included Gramm in its list of the top 25 people to blame for the economic crisis . John McCain 2008 presidential campaign . Gramm was co-chair of John McCains presidential campaign and his most senior economic adviser from the summer of 2007 until July 18 , 2008 . In a July 9 , 2008 interview on McCains economic plans , Gramm explained the nation was not in a recession , stating , Youve heard of mental depression ; this is a mental recession . He added , We have sort of become a nation of whiners , you just hear this constant whining , complaining about a loss of competitiveness , America in decline . Gramms comments immediately became a campaign issue . McCains opponent , Senator Barack Obama , stated , America already has one Dr . Phil . We dont need another one when it comes to the economy . .. . This economic downturn is not in your head . McCain strongly denounced Gramms comments . On July 18 , 2008 Gramm stepped down from his position with the McCain campaign . Explaining his remarks , Gramm stated that he had used the word whiners to describe the nations politicians rather than the public , stating the whiners are the leaders . In the same interview , Gramm said , Im not going to retract any of it . Every word I said was true . 2016 Republican presidential primary . Gramm endorsed U.S . Senator Marco Rubio in the 2016 Republican presidential primary stating : Hes the best prepared on national security . He can win the general election . Upon Rubios withdrawal from the race , Gramm endorsed his fellow Texan Ted Cruz , calling him a fearless leader and fighter for conservatives all over the country . Career with UBS . As of 2009 , Gramm is employed by UBS AG as a vice chairman of the Investment Bank division . UBS.com states that a vice chairman of a UBS division is ...appointed to support the business in their relationships with key clients . He joined UBS in 2002 immediately after retiring from the Senate . Personal life . Gramm lives in Helotes , outside San Antonio , Texas . He is married to Wendy Lee Gramm , a native of Hawaii , who is associated with George Mason Universitys Mercatus Center in Virginia . They are the parents of two sons : Marshall Gramm , a professor of economics at Rhodes College in Memphis , Tennessee , and Jeff Gramm , who is a money manager , author , and previously a musician in the indie pop band Aden . In 1999 , after a bonfire stack collapse at Texas A&M University that resulted in 12 deaths , then-Senator Phil Gramm offered the F-16 flyover reserved for his future funeral as a US senator to be given instead to the Texas A&M community . The offer was accepted and a memorial flyover for the 12 killed was flown at a Texas A&M football game on November 26 , 1999 . Works . - Ekelund , R.B. , Jr. , E.G . Furubotn , and W.P . Gramm , eds . The Evolution of Modern Demand Theory : A Collection of Essays . Lexington , MA : Lexington Books , 1972 . - Anders , Gerhard , Phillip Gramm , and Charles W . Smithson . The Economics of Mineral Extraction . New York : Praeger , 1980 . - Gramm , Phil . The Role of Government in a Free Society : A Collection of Speeches and Articles . Dallas : Fisher Institute , 1982 . |
[
"University of Georgia",
"University of Georgias Terry College of Business"
] | easy | Which school did Phil Gramm go to from 1961 to 1967? | /wiki/Phil_Gramm#P69#2 | Phil Gramm William Philip Gramm ( born July 8 , 1942 ) is an American economist and politician who represented Texas in both houses of Congress . Though he began his political career as a Democrat , Gramm switched to the Republican Party in 1983 . Gramm was an unsuccessful candidate in the 1996 Republican Party presidential primaries . Biography . Born in Fort Benning , Georgia , Gramm taught economics at Texas A&M University after earning a doctorate in economics from the University of Georgia . He won election to the United States House of Representatives in 1978 , becoming one of the most conservative Democrats in Congress . After being thrown off the House Budget Committee , Gramm resigned from Congress , joined the Republican Party , and won a special election to fill the vacancy caused by his resignation . He won election to the United States Senate in 1984 . Gramm became a member of the Senate Banking Committee in 1999 , serving as chairman until 2001 . He cosponsored the 1985 Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Budget Act , which sought to reduce the U.S . federal budget deficit . He also supported deregulation , sponsoring the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000 and the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act . The latter act repealed provisions of the Glass-Steagall Act which had separated banking , insurance , and brokerage activities . Gramm sought the presidential nomination in the 1996 Republican primaries but dropped out after the first set of primaries . Gramm retired from Congress in 2002 . He became a lobbyist for UBS and founded a public policy and lobbying firm , Gramm Partners . He was a senior economic adviser to John McCains 2008 presidential campaign . Early life and university career . Gramm was born on July 8 , 1942 in Fort Benning , Georgia , and grew up in nearby Columbus . Soon after his birth , Gramms father , Kenneth Marsh Gramm , a career Army sergeant , suffered a stroke and was partially paralyzed . He died when Gramm was 14 . Gramms mother , Florence ( née Scroggins ) , worked double shifts as a nurse to supplement the veterans disability pension . Gramm attended public schools , graduated in 1961 from Georgia Military Academy ( now Woodward Academy ) , and graduated in 1964 from the University of Georgia . He received a doctorate in economics from the University of Georgias Terry College of Business in 1967 . He then taught economics at Texas A&M University from 1967 to 1978 . In addition to teaching , Gramm founded the economic consulting firm Gramm and Associates ( 1971–1978 ) . United States House of Representatives . In 1976 , Gramm unsuccessfully challenged Texas Democratic Senator Lloyd Bentsen , in the partys senatorial primary . Then in 1978 Gramm successfully ran as a Democrat for Representative from Texass 6th congressional district , which stretched from the Fort Worth suburbs to College Station . He was reelected to his House seat as a Democrat in 1980 . Gramms voting record was very conservative , even by Texas Democratic standards of the time . During his first four terms , he tallied an average rating of 89 from the American Conservative Union , and from 1980 to 1982 he garnered the highest rating from that body of any Democrat in the Texas delegation . In 1981 , he co-sponsored the Gramm-Latta Budget which implemented President Ronald Reagans economic program , increased military spending , cut other spending , and mandated the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 ( the Kemp-Roth Tax Cut ) . Just days after being reelected in 1982 , Gramm was thrown off the House Budget Committee . In response , Gramm resigned his House seat on January 5 , 1983 . He then ran as a Republican for his own vacancy in a February 12 , 1983 special election , and won easily . One of his many special election opponents was the second-place finisher by only 115 votes in his 1978 Democratic Party primary , the then newly elected State Senator Chet Edwards of Waco , and later U.S . Representative for the 11th and the 17th congressional districts of Texas ( January 3 , 1991 – January 3 , 2011 ) . Another special election opponent was Texas State Representative Dan Kubiak of Rockdale , Texas . Gramm became the first Republican to represent the district since its creation in 1846 . After he left the House , the seat was retained for the Republican party by Joe Barton . United States Senate . In 1984 , Gramm was elected as a Republican to represent Texas in the U.S . Senate . He defeated Congressman Ron Paul , former gubernatorial nominee Henry Grover , Robert Mosbacher , Jr. , of Houston , and several of other contenders in the primary . He then faced the Democratic nominee , State Senator Lloyd Doggett of Austin in the general election for the right to succeed retiring Republican Senator John G . Tower . Gramm polled 3,116,348 votes ( 58.5 percent ) to Doggetts 2,207,557 ( 41.5 percent ) . Gramm was the first U.S . Senate candidate in the history of Texas to receive more than three million votes . In October 1985 , Gramm , Fritz Hollings , and Warren Rudman sponsored an amendment to establish a budget deficits ceiling that would decline to zero by 1991 that was attached to a bill raising the debt limit of the federal government by more than $250 billion . The amendment was approved by a vote of 75 to 24 and was stated as a possible prelude to a balanced budget in five years without a tax increase by United States Secretary of the Treasury James Baker : I think its important that we recognize the Gramm-Rudman amendment is basically a process designed to give the legislative branch and in some degree the executive branch , the political will to deal with the deficit . It means its going to force some action . Given the political will to make the hard choices you can reach balance without having to raise taxes . Gramm served on the Senate Budget Committee from 1989 until leaving office in 2002 . Gramm and Senators Fritz Hollings and Warren Rudman devised a means of cutting the budget through across-the-board spending cuts if deficit-reduction targets were not met . They were successful in making the Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Act law , although portions were ruled unconstitutional . In the years following the passage of the Act , other sections were largely superseded by other budget-controlling mechanisms . In 1990 , Gramm failed in an effort to amend the Iraq International Law Compliance Act of 1990 . An earlier amendment to the act , the DAmato Amendment , prohibited the US from selling arms or extending any sort of financial assistance to Iraq unless the President could prove Iraq was in substantial compliance with the provisions of a number of human rights conventions , including the Genocide Convention . After reading the DAmato Amendment , Gramm introduced his own amendment to counter the human rights sanctions in the DAmato Amendment . Gramms amendment would have allowed the George Bush administration to waive the terms of the DAmato Amendment if it found that sanctions against Iraq hurt US businesses and farms more than they hurt Iraq . In the end , the bill passed the Senate without Gramms amendment only a week before Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait . Gramm won his second Senate term in 1990 with a victory over Democratic State Senator and former Fort Worth Mayor Hugh Parmer . Gramm polled 3,027,680 votes ( 60.2 percent ) to Parmers 1,429,986 ( 37.4 percent ) , again receiving more than three million votes . Between 1999 and 2001 , Gramm was the chairman of the U.S . Senate Committee on Banking , Housing , and Urban Affairs . During that time he spearheaded efforts to pass banking deregulation laws , including the landmark Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act in 1999 , which removed Depression-era laws separating banking , insurance , and brokerage activities . As a senator , Gramm often called for reductions in taxes and fraud in government spending . He employed his Dickey Flatt Test ( Is it worth taking it out of Dickeys pocket? ) to determine if federal programs were worthwhile . Richard Dickey Flatt owns a family-run printing business started by his father and mother in Mexia , Texas , and is a longtime Gramm supporter . In Gramms eyes , Flatt embodied the burdens that a typical Texas independent small businessman faced in the realm of taxation and government spending . In spite of his self-proclaimed opposition to Federal spending , Gramm voted to have the Federal Government build the Superconducting Super Collider in his state , which would have cost billions of dollars of taxpayer money . Gramm ran unsuccessfully for the Republican Party nomination in the 1996 presidential election , for which he had raised $8 million as early as July 1994 . Although he began the race with a full war-chest and tied for first place with Dole in the 1995 Iowa Straw Poll , his campaign was fatally wounded In 1995 when the scandal broke out that he had previously invested in the porn movies industry , which led the NYT to nickname him Porno Gramm . Consequently , he lost the Louisiana Caucus on February 7 , 1996 to Pat Buchanan ( the final delegate count was 13–8 ) . New Orleans Times Picayune political columnist Otis Pike noted the loss could be traced to the passion of the supporters for Buchanan compared to those for Gramm . Gramm should have won the Louisiana caucuses – but didnt , because the religious right turned out to vote in larger numbers . At least part of this was because James Dobson infamously said , I walked into that meeting fully expecting to support Phil Gramm for President . Now I dont think Id vote for him if he was the last man standing . This poor showing in a state adjacent to Texas plus placing 5th in Iowas caucuses resulted in Gramms withdrawal from the contest on the Sunday before the New Hampshire primary . He threw his support to a senatorial colleague Robert J . Dole of Kansas . Gramm , a proponent of free trade , also lashed out at Buchanan , arguing that Buchanan was a protectionist . After abandoning his presidential bid , Gramm refocused on his bid for a third Senate term . He defeated Victor Morales of Dallas in November 1996 to win what would be his final term in the Senate . Gramm was one of five co-sponsors of the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000 . One provision of the bill is often referred to as the Enron loophole because some critics blame the provision for permitting the Enron scandal to occur . Wendy Gramm was an Enron Board member and her husband was the second-largest recipient of campaign contributions from Enron , succeeded in legislating Californias energy commodity trading deregulation . Despite warnings from prominent consumer groups which stated that this law would give energy traders too much influence over energy commodity prices , the legislation was passed in December 2000 . In 2002 , Gramm left his Senate seat ( effective November 30 ) a few weeks before the expiration of his term in hopes that his successor , fellow Republican John Cornyn , could gain seniority over other newly elected senators . However , Cornyn did not gain additional seniority due to a 1980 Rules Committee policy . 2007 mortgage and 2008 financial and economic crises . Some economists state that the 1999 legislation spearheaded by Gramm and signed into law by President Clinton—the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act—was significantly to blame for the 2007 subprime mortgage crisis and 2008 global economic crisis . The Act is most widely known for repealing portions of the Glass–Steagall Act , which had regulated the financial services industry . The Act passed the House and Senate by an overwhelming majority on November 4 , 1999 . Gramm responded in March 2008 to criticism of the act by stating that he saw no evidence whatsoever that the sub-prime mortgage crisis was caused in any way by allowing banks and securities companies and insurance companies to compete against each other . Gramms support was later critical in the passage of the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000 , which kept derivatives transactions , including those involving credit default swaps , free of government regulation . In its 2008 coverage of the financial crisis , The Washington Post named Gramm one of seven Key Players In the Battle Over Regulating Derivatives , for having pushed through several major bills to deregulate the banking and investment industries , including the 1999 Gramm–Leach–Bliley act that brought down the walls separating the commercial banking , investment and insurance industries . 2008 Nobel Laureate in Economics Paul Krugman , a supporter of Barack Obama and former President Bill Clinton , described Gramm during the 2008 presidential race as the high priest of deregulation , and has listed him as the number two person responsible for the economic crisis of 2008 behind only Alan Greenspan . On October 14 , 2008 , CNN ranked Gramm number seven in its list of the 10 individuals most responsible for the current economic crisis . In January 2009 Guardian City editor Julia Finch identified Gramm as one of twenty-five people who were at the heart of the financial meltdown . Time included Gramm in its list of the top 25 people to blame for the economic crisis . John McCain 2008 presidential campaign . Gramm was co-chair of John McCains presidential campaign and his most senior economic adviser from the summer of 2007 until July 18 , 2008 . In a July 9 , 2008 interview on McCains economic plans , Gramm explained the nation was not in a recession , stating , Youve heard of mental depression ; this is a mental recession . He added , We have sort of become a nation of whiners , you just hear this constant whining , complaining about a loss of competitiveness , America in decline . Gramms comments immediately became a campaign issue . McCains opponent , Senator Barack Obama , stated , America already has one Dr . Phil . We dont need another one when it comes to the economy . .. . This economic downturn is not in your head . McCain strongly denounced Gramms comments . On July 18 , 2008 Gramm stepped down from his position with the McCain campaign . Explaining his remarks , Gramm stated that he had used the word whiners to describe the nations politicians rather than the public , stating the whiners are the leaders . In the same interview , Gramm said , Im not going to retract any of it . Every word I said was true . 2016 Republican presidential primary . Gramm endorsed U.S . Senator Marco Rubio in the 2016 Republican presidential primary stating : Hes the best prepared on national security . He can win the general election . Upon Rubios withdrawal from the race , Gramm endorsed his fellow Texan Ted Cruz , calling him a fearless leader and fighter for conservatives all over the country . Career with UBS . As of 2009 , Gramm is employed by UBS AG as a vice chairman of the Investment Bank division . UBS.com states that a vice chairman of a UBS division is ...appointed to support the business in their relationships with key clients . He joined UBS in 2002 immediately after retiring from the Senate . Personal life . Gramm lives in Helotes , outside San Antonio , Texas . He is married to Wendy Lee Gramm , a native of Hawaii , who is associated with George Mason Universitys Mercatus Center in Virginia . They are the parents of two sons : Marshall Gramm , a professor of economics at Rhodes College in Memphis , Tennessee , and Jeff Gramm , who is a money manager , author , and previously a musician in the indie pop band Aden . In 1999 , after a bonfire stack collapse at Texas A&M University that resulted in 12 deaths , then-Senator Phil Gramm offered the F-16 flyover reserved for his future funeral as a US senator to be given instead to the Texas A&M community . The offer was accepted and a memorial flyover for the 12 killed was flown at a Texas A&M football game on November 26 , 1999 . Works . - Ekelund , R.B. , Jr. , E.G . Furubotn , and W.P . Gramm , eds . The Evolution of Modern Demand Theory : A Collection of Essays . Lexington , MA : Lexington Books , 1972 . - Anders , Gerhard , Phillip Gramm , and Charles W . Smithson . The Economics of Mineral Extraction . New York : Praeger , 1980 . - Gramm , Phil . The Role of Government in a Free Society : A Collection of Speeches and Articles . Dallas : Fisher Institute , 1982 . |
[
"Salernitana Sport"
] | easy | Ciro Polito played for which team from 1997 to 1999? | /wiki/Ciro_Polito#P54#0 | Ciro Polito Ciro Polito ( born 12 April 1979 ) is an Italian footballer who played as a goalkeeper . As of 2017 , he has worked as technical director of Juve Stabia . Career . Salernitana . Ciro Polito began his footballing career with the youth system of Salerno based club , Salernitana Sport , in the mid-1990s , and began to earn senior call-ups in 1997 . Despite often being called up during the 1997–98 season , Polito was loaned out to Rimini for the 1998–99 season , and managed to earn a starting position for much of the season . With the club , Polito made 29 league appearances and returned to Salerno in 1999 , but the young goalkeeper never earned a senior debut for his near-hometown club . In July 1999 he was involved in a swap deal with Lucchese . The deal saw Lorenzo Squizzi move in the opposite direction , with both players joining their new clubs in co-ownership deal . Lucchese . Polito made just 5 appearances with his new club and was hence , loaned out in January 2000 , to A.C . Mantova . The loan spell proved to be successful , as Polito earned starting gloves for the remainder of the campaign , making 12 starts . In June 2000 , he returned to Lucchese , but their share of his contract was sold back to Salernitnana , but Polito did not remain in Salerno either and he was sold to nearby rivals Avellino . Avellino . Since signed by Avellino permanently , the goalkeeper failed to break into the clubs starting line-up in two seasons , but still managed to make 22 league appearances as a back-up between 2000 and 2002 , when he was sold to A.C . Pistoiese . Pistoiese & Acireale . Following his move to A.C . Pistoiese , Polito again earned a starting position , and went on to make 33 appearances for his new club in all competitions , in just one season . Following his impressive form during the course of the 2002–2003 season , he was scouted by , and eventually sold to Sicilian club , Acireale . After officially joining the Sicilian outfit in July 2003 , Polito again found a position in the starting XI of his newest club , and made 30 league appearances that season . He was then scouted by Catania chief director Pietro Lo Monaco , and was brought to the club during the summer window of 2004 . Catania . After playing many seasons in the Italian Serie C1 and Serie C2 , Polito made the step to Serie B in 2004 , when he transferred to Sicilian club , Calcio Catania . In his first two seasons with the club , Polito made just 5 appearances , as he was utilized as a back-up to veteran Armando Pantanelli . Polito was a part of the team that led Catania to a runner-up finish in the league during the 2005–06 season , which earned the club promotion to the Italian Serie A . It was his first season in the top flight . During his first season in the league , Polito again served as a back-up for Pantanelli , but he managed his Serie A debut , and only appearance in the season , on 26 November 2006 . In January 2007 , Polito was loaned out to Pescara , in exchange for Vitangelo Spadavecchia , who also joined on loan . At Pescara , Polito played as the starting goalkeeper , ahead of Marco Tardiolli , and made 17 league appearances over the remaining portion of the Serie B season . In June 2007 , Polito returned to Catania , after the departure of Pantanelli . Under new coach , Silvio Baldini , Polito became the clubs starting shot-stopper and his career took off . He was a major part of the clubs first team , until Walter Zenga took over as head coach and Polito was dropped in favor of Albano Bizzarri . Polito began the 2008-09 Serie A campaign , the same way he ended the previous season , on the bench . Zenga actually opted to drop Polito to third choice , behind new signing Tomas Kosicky , and hence , Polito was ultimately set for a winter transfer , following his falling-out-of-favor with the coach . On 3 January 2008 , Catania signed goalkeeper , Paolo Acerbis from Grosseto on loan , and in return , sent Polito to Grosseto on loan to fill the gap left by Acerbis . Both clubs obtained the option to make the deals permanent at the end of the season . At Grosseto , Polito took over the starting gloves , and made 18 Serie B starts . With Catania , not using the option to make the deal permanent , both players returned to their respective clubs . Polito was instantly transfer listed and sold back to his youth club , Salernitana Calcio in July 2009 . He made over 50 appearances for Catania in all competitions . Return to Salernitana . He signed a 3-year contract with Salernitana as the club lost Tommaso Berni , following the expiration of his loan deal and Salvatore Pinna , who was sold to Pescara Calcio . Polito managed to make 34 appearances ( 2 in Cup in all competitions for his club , and even managed a rare goal , but his efforts were not enough to save the club from relegation to the Lega Pro Prima Divisione for the 2010-11 Lega Calcioseason . Atalanta . Having been released from Salernitana at the end of the 2010–11 season , Polito joined Atalanta on 23 September 2011 to provide injury cover . Sassuolo . He left Atalanta for the Serie A rivals Sassuolo on 31 January 2014 . Polito was re-signed by Sassuolo in a 1-year contract on 17 July 2014 . Juve Stabia . On 20 October 2015 , he was signed by Juve Stabia for free . External links . - Profile at La Gazzetta dello Sport 2007-08 |
[
"Salerno"
] | easy | Ciro Polito played for which team from 1999 to 2000? | /wiki/Ciro_Polito#P54#1 | Ciro Polito Ciro Polito ( born 12 April 1979 ) is an Italian footballer who played as a goalkeeper . As of 2017 , he has worked as technical director of Juve Stabia . Career . Salernitana . Ciro Polito began his footballing career with the youth system of Salerno based club , Salernitana Sport , in the mid-1990s , and began to earn senior call-ups in 1997 . Despite often being called up during the 1997–98 season , Polito was loaned out to Rimini for the 1998–99 season , and managed to earn a starting position for much of the season . With the club , Polito made 29 league appearances and returned to Salerno in 1999 , but the young goalkeeper never earned a senior debut for his near-hometown club . In July 1999 he was involved in a swap deal with Lucchese . The deal saw Lorenzo Squizzi move in the opposite direction , with both players joining their new clubs in co-ownership deal . Lucchese . Polito made just 5 appearances with his new club and was hence , loaned out in January 2000 , to A.C . Mantova . The loan spell proved to be successful , as Polito earned starting gloves for the remainder of the campaign , making 12 starts . In June 2000 , he returned to Lucchese , but their share of his contract was sold back to Salernitnana , but Polito did not remain in Salerno either and he was sold to nearby rivals Avellino . Avellino . Since signed by Avellino permanently , the goalkeeper failed to break into the clubs starting line-up in two seasons , but still managed to make 22 league appearances as a back-up between 2000 and 2002 , when he was sold to A.C . Pistoiese . Pistoiese & Acireale . Following his move to A.C . Pistoiese , Polito again earned a starting position , and went on to make 33 appearances for his new club in all competitions , in just one season . Following his impressive form during the course of the 2002–2003 season , he was scouted by , and eventually sold to Sicilian club , Acireale . After officially joining the Sicilian outfit in July 2003 , Polito again found a position in the starting XI of his newest club , and made 30 league appearances that season . He was then scouted by Catania chief director Pietro Lo Monaco , and was brought to the club during the summer window of 2004 . Catania . After playing many seasons in the Italian Serie C1 and Serie C2 , Polito made the step to Serie B in 2004 , when he transferred to Sicilian club , Calcio Catania . In his first two seasons with the club , Polito made just 5 appearances , as he was utilized as a back-up to veteran Armando Pantanelli . Polito was a part of the team that led Catania to a runner-up finish in the league during the 2005–06 season , which earned the club promotion to the Italian Serie A . It was his first season in the top flight . During his first season in the league , Polito again served as a back-up for Pantanelli , but he managed his Serie A debut , and only appearance in the season , on 26 November 2006 . In January 2007 , Polito was loaned out to Pescara , in exchange for Vitangelo Spadavecchia , who also joined on loan . At Pescara , Polito played as the starting goalkeeper , ahead of Marco Tardiolli , and made 17 league appearances over the remaining portion of the Serie B season . In June 2007 , Polito returned to Catania , after the departure of Pantanelli . Under new coach , Silvio Baldini , Polito became the clubs starting shot-stopper and his career took off . He was a major part of the clubs first team , until Walter Zenga took over as head coach and Polito was dropped in favor of Albano Bizzarri . Polito began the 2008-09 Serie A campaign , the same way he ended the previous season , on the bench . Zenga actually opted to drop Polito to third choice , behind new signing Tomas Kosicky , and hence , Polito was ultimately set for a winter transfer , following his falling-out-of-favor with the coach . On 3 January 2008 , Catania signed goalkeeper , Paolo Acerbis from Grosseto on loan , and in return , sent Polito to Grosseto on loan to fill the gap left by Acerbis . Both clubs obtained the option to make the deals permanent at the end of the season . At Grosseto , Polito took over the starting gloves , and made 18 Serie B starts . With Catania , not using the option to make the deal permanent , both players returned to their respective clubs . Polito was instantly transfer listed and sold back to his youth club , Salernitana Calcio in July 2009 . He made over 50 appearances for Catania in all competitions . Return to Salernitana . He signed a 3-year contract with Salernitana as the club lost Tommaso Berni , following the expiration of his loan deal and Salvatore Pinna , who was sold to Pescara Calcio . Polito managed to make 34 appearances ( 2 in Cup in all competitions for his club , and even managed a rare goal , but his efforts were not enough to save the club from relegation to the Lega Pro Prima Divisione for the 2010-11 Lega Calcioseason . Atalanta . Having been released from Salernitana at the end of the 2010–11 season , Polito joined Atalanta on 23 September 2011 to provide injury cover . Sassuolo . He left Atalanta for the Serie A rivals Sassuolo on 31 January 2014 . Polito was re-signed by Sassuolo in a 1-year contract on 17 July 2014 . Juve Stabia . On 20 October 2015 , he was signed by Juve Stabia for free . External links . - Profile at La Gazzetta dello Sport 2007-08 |
[
"Lucchese"
] | easy | Ciro Polito played for which team from 2000 to 2002? | /wiki/Ciro_Polito#P54#2 | Ciro Polito Ciro Polito ( born 12 April 1979 ) is an Italian footballer who played as a goalkeeper . As of 2017 , he has worked as technical director of Juve Stabia . Career . Salernitana . Ciro Polito began his footballing career with the youth system of Salerno based club , Salernitana Sport , in the mid-1990s , and began to earn senior call-ups in 1997 . Despite often being called up during the 1997–98 season , Polito was loaned out to Rimini for the 1998–99 season , and managed to earn a starting position for much of the season . With the club , Polito made 29 league appearances and returned to Salerno in 1999 , but the young goalkeeper never earned a senior debut for his near-hometown club . In July 1999 he was involved in a swap deal with Lucchese . The deal saw Lorenzo Squizzi move in the opposite direction , with both players joining their new clubs in co-ownership deal . Lucchese . Polito made just 5 appearances with his new club and was hence , loaned out in January 2000 , to A.C . Mantova . The loan spell proved to be successful , as Polito earned starting gloves for the remainder of the campaign , making 12 starts . In June 2000 , he returned to Lucchese , but their share of his contract was sold back to Salernitnana , but Polito did not remain in Salerno either and he was sold to nearby rivals Avellino . Avellino . Since signed by Avellino permanently , the goalkeeper failed to break into the clubs starting line-up in two seasons , but still managed to make 22 league appearances as a back-up between 2000 and 2002 , when he was sold to A.C . Pistoiese . Pistoiese & Acireale . Following his move to A.C . Pistoiese , Polito again earned a starting position , and went on to make 33 appearances for his new club in all competitions , in just one season . Following his impressive form during the course of the 2002–2003 season , he was scouted by , and eventually sold to Sicilian club , Acireale . After officially joining the Sicilian outfit in July 2003 , Polito again found a position in the starting XI of his newest club , and made 30 league appearances that season . He was then scouted by Catania chief director Pietro Lo Monaco , and was brought to the club during the summer window of 2004 . Catania . After playing many seasons in the Italian Serie C1 and Serie C2 , Polito made the step to Serie B in 2004 , when he transferred to Sicilian club , Calcio Catania . In his first two seasons with the club , Polito made just 5 appearances , as he was utilized as a back-up to veteran Armando Pantanelli . Polito was a part of the team that led Catania to a runner-up finish in the league during the 2005–06 season , which earned the club promotion to the Italian Serie A . It was his first season in the top flight . During his first season in the league , Polito again served as a back-up for Pantanelli , but he managed his Serie A debut , and only appearance in the season , on 26 November 2006 . In January 2007 , Polito was loaned out to Pescara , in exchange for Vitangelo Spadavecchia , who also joined on loan . At Pescara , Polito played as the starting goalkeeper , ahead of Marco Tardiolli , and made 17 league appearances over the remaining portion of the Serie B season . In June 2007 , Polito returned to Catania , after the departure of Pantanelli . Under new coach , Silvio Baldini , Polito became the clubs starting shot-stopper and his career took off . He was a major part of the clubs first team , until Walter Zenga took over as head coach and Polito was dropped in favor of Albano Bizzarri . Polito began the 2008-09 Serie A campaign , the same way he ended the previous season , on the bench . Zenga actually opted to drop Polito to third choice , behind new signing Tomas Kosicky , and hence , Polito was ultimately set for a winter transfer , following his falling-out-of-favor with the coach . On 3 January 2008 , Catania signed goalkeeper , Paolo Acerbis from Grosseto on loan , and in return , sent Polito to Grosseto on loan to fill the gap left by Acerbis . Both clubs obtained the option to make the deals permanent at the end of the season . At Grosseto , Polito took over the starting gloves , and made 18 Serie B starts . With Catania , not using the option to make the deal permanent , both players returned to their respective clubs . Polito was instantly transfer listed and sold back to his youth club , Salernitana Calcio in July 2009 . He made over 50 appearances for Catania in all competitions . Return to Salernitana . He signed a 3-year contract with Salernitana as the club lost Tommaso Berni , following the expiration of his loan deal and Salvatore Pinna , who was sold to Pescara Calcio . Polito managed to make 34 appearances ( 2 in Cup in all competitions for his club , and even managed a rare goal , but his efforts were not enough to save the club from relegation to the Lega Pro Prima Divisione for the 2010-11 Lega Calcioseason . Atalanta . Having been released from Salernitana at the end of the 2010–11 season , Polito joined Atalanta on 23 September 2011 to provide injury cover . Sassuolo . He left Atalanta for the Serie A rivals Sassuolo on 31 January 2014 . Polito was re-signed by Sassuolo in a 1-year contract on 17 July 2014 . Juve Stabia . On 20 October 2015 , he was signed by Juve Stabia for free . External links . - Profile at La Gazzetta dello Sport 2007-08 |
[
"A.C . Pistoiese"
] | easy | Which team did the player Ciro Polito belong to from 2002 to 2003? | /wiki/Ciro_Polito#P54#3 | Ciro Polito Ciro Polito ( born 12 April 1979 ) is an Italian footballer who played as a goalkeeper . As of 2017 , he has worked as technical director of Juve Stabia . Career . Salernitana . Ciro Polito began his footballing career with the youth system of Salerno based club , Salernitana Sport , in the mid-1990s , and began to earn senior call-ups in 1997 . Despite often being called up during the 1997–98 season , Polito was loaned out to Rimini for the 1998–99 season , and managed to earn a starting position for much of the season . With the club , Polito made 29 league appearances and returned to Salerno in 1999 , but the young goalkeeper never earned a senior debut for his near-hometown club . In July 1999 he was involved in a swap deal with Lucchese . The deal saw Lorenzo Squizzi move in the opposite direction , with both players joining their new clubs in co-ownership deal . Lucchese . Polito made just 5 appearances with his new club and was hence , loaned out in January 2000 , to A.C . Mantova . The loan spell proved to be successful , as Polito earned starting gloves for the remainder of the campaign , making 12 starts . In June 2000 , he returned to Lucchese , but their share of his contract was sold back to Salernitnana , but Polito did not remain in Salerno either and he was sold to nearby rivals Avellino . Avellino . Since signed by Avellino permanently , the goalkeeper failed to break into the clubs starting line-up in two seasons , but still managed to make 22 league appearances as a back-up between 2000 and 2002 , when he was sold to A.C . Pistoiese . Pistoiese & Acireale . Following his move to A.C . Pistoiese , Polito again earned a starting position , and went on to make 33 appearances for his new club in all competitions , in just one season . Following his impressive form during the course of the 2002–2003 season , he was scouted by , and eventually sold to Sicilian club , Acireale . After officially joining the Sicilian outfit in July 2003 , Polito again found a position in the starting XI of his newest club , and made 30 league appearances that season . He was then scouted by Catania chief director Pietro Lo Monaco , and was brought to the club during the summer window of 2004 . Catania . After playing many seasons in the Italian Serie C1 and Serie C2 , Polito made the step to Serie B in 2004 , when he transferred to Sicilian club , Calcio Catania . In his first two seasons with the club , Polito made just 5 appearances , as he was utilized as a back-up to veteran Armando Pantanelli . Polito was a part of the team that led Catania to a runner-up finish in the league during the 2005–06 season , which earned the club promotion to the Italian Serie A . It was his first season in the top flight . During his first season in the league , Polito again served as a back-up for Pantanelli , but he managed his Serie A debut , and only appearance in the season , on 26 November 2006 . In January 2007 , Polito was loaned out to Pescara , in exchange for Vitangelo Spadavecchia , who also joined on loan . At Pescara , Polito played as the starting goalkeeper , ahead of Marco Tardiolli , and made 17 league appearances over the remaining portion of the Serie B season . In June 2007 , Polito returned to Catania , after the departure of Pantanelli . Under new coach , Silvio Baldini , Polito became the clubs starting shot-stopper and his career took off . He was a major part of the clubs first team , until Walter Zenga took over as head coach and Polito was dropped in favor of Albano Bizzarri . Polito began the 2008-09 Serie A campaign , the same way he ended the previous season , on the bench . Zenga actually opted to drop Polito to third choice , behind new signing Tomas Kosicky , and hence , Polito was ultimately set for a winter transfer , following his falling-out-of-favor with the coach . On 3 January 2008 , Catania signed goalkeeper , Paolo Acerbis from Grosseto on loan , and in return , sent Polito to Grosseto on loan to fill the gap left by Acerbis . Both clubs obtained the option to make the deals permanent at the end of the season . At Grosseto , Polito took over the starting gloves , and made 18 Serie B starts . With Catania , not using the option to make the deal permanent , both players returned to their respective clubs . Polito was instantly transfer listed and sold back to his youth club , Salernitana Calcio in July 2009 . He made over 50 appearances for Catania in all competitions . Return to Salernitana . He signed a 3-year contract with Salernitana as the club lost Tommaso Berni , following the expiration of his loan deal and Salvatore Pinna , who was sold to Pescara Calcio . Polito managed to make 34 appearances ( 2 in Cup in all competitions for his club , and even managed a rare goal , but his efforts were not enough to save the club from relegation to the Lega Pro Prima Divisione for the 2010-11 Lega Calcioseason . Atalanta . Having been released from Salernitana at the end of the 2010–11 season , Polito joined Atalanta on 23 September 2011 to provide injury cover . Sassuolo . He left Atalanta for the Serie A rivals Sassuolo on 31 January 2014 . Polito was re-signed by Sassuolo in a 1-year contract on 17 July 2014 . Juve Stabia . On 20 October 2015 , he was signed by Juve Stabia for free . External links . - Profile at La Gazzetta dello Sport 2007-08 |
[
"Calcio Catania"
] | easy | Which team did the player Ciro Polito belong to from 2004 to 2009? | /wiki/Ciro_Polito#P54#4 | Ciro Polito Ciro Polito ( born 12 April 1979 ) is an Italian footballer who played as a goalkeeper . As of 2017 , he has worked as technical director of Juve Stabia . Career . Salernitana . Ciro Polito began his footballing career with the youth system of Salerno based club , Salernitana Sport , in the mid-1990s , and began to earn senior call-ups in 1997 . Despite often being called up during the 1997–98 season , Polito was loaned out to Rimini for the 1998–99 season , and managed to earn a starting position for much of the season . With the club , Polito made 29 league appearances and returned to Salerno in 1999 , but the young goalkeeper never earned a senior debut for his near-hometown club . In July 1999 he was involved in a swap deal with Lucchese . The deal saw Lorenzo Squizzi move in the opposite direction , with both players joining their new clubs in co-ownership deal . Lucchese . Polito made just 5 appearances with his new club and was hence , loaned out in January 2000 , to A.C . Mantova . The loan spell proved to be successful , as Polito earned starting gloves for the remainder of the campaign , making 12 starts . In June 2000 , he returned to Lucchese , but their share of his contract was sold back to Salernitnana , but Polito did not remain in Salerno either and he was sold to nearby rivals Avellino . Avellino . Since signed by Avellino permanently , the goalkeeper failed to break into the clubs starting line-up in two seasons , but still managed to make 22 league appearances as a back-up between 2000 and 2002 , when he was sold to A.C . Pistoiese . Pistoiese & Acireale . Following his move to A.C . Pistoiese , Polito again earned a starting position , and went on to make 33 appearances for his new club in all competitions , in just one season . Following his impressive form during the course of the 2002–2003 season , he was scouted by , and eventually sold to Sicilian club , Acireale . After officially joining the Sicilian outfit in July 2003 , Polito again found a position in the starting XI of his newest club , and made 30 league appearances that season . He was then scouted by Catania chief director Pietro Lo Monaco , and was brought to the club during the summer window of 2004 . Catania . After playing many seasons in the Italian Serie C1 and Serie C2 , Polito made the step to Serie B in 2004 , when he transferred to Sicilian club , Calcio Catania . In his first two seasons with the club , Polito made just 5 appearances , as he was utilized as a back-up to veteran Armando Pantanelli . Polito was a part of the team that led Catania to a runner-up finish in the league during the 2005–06 season , which earned the club promotion to the Italian Serie A . It was his first season in the top flight . During his first season in the league , Polito again served as a back-up for Pantanelli , but he managed his Serie A debut , and only appearance in the season , on 26 November 2006 . In January 2007 , Polito was loaned out to Pescara , in exchange for Vitangelo Spadavecchia , who also joined on loan . At Pescara , Polito played as the starting goalkeeper , ahead of Marco Tardiolli , and made 17 league appearances over the remaining portion of the Serie B season . In June 2007 , Polito returned to Catania , after the departure of Pantanelli . Under new coach , Silvio Baldini , Polito became the clubs starting shot-stopper and his career took off . He was a major part of the clubs first team , until Walter Zenga took over as head coach and Polito was dropped in favor of Albano Bizzarri . Polito began the 2008-09 Serie A campaign , the same way he ended the previous season , on the bench . Zenga actually opted to drop Polito to third choice , behind new signing Tomas Kosicky , and hence , Polito was ultimately set for a winter transfer , following his falling-out-of-favor with the coach . On 3 January 2008 , Catania signed goalkeeper , Paolo Acerbis from Grosseto on loan , and in return , sent Polito to Grosseto on loan to fill the gap left by Acerbis . Both clubs obtained the option to make the deals permanent at the end of the season . At Grosseto , Polito took over the starting gloves , and made 18 Serie B starts . With Catania , not using the option to make the deal permanent , both players returned to their respective clubs . Polito was instantly transfer listed and sold back to his youth club , Salernitana Calcio in July 2009 . He made over 50 appearances for Catania in all competitions . Return to Salernitana . He signed a 3-year contract with Salernitana as the club lost Tommaso Berni , following the expiration of his loan deal and Salvatore Pinna , who was sold to Pescara Calcio . Polito managed to make 34 appearances ( 2 in Cup in all competitions for his club , and even managed a rare goal , but his efforts were not enough to save the club from relegation to the Lega Pro Prima Divisione for the 2010-11 Lega Calcioseason . Atalanta . Having been released from Salernitana at the end of the 2010–11 season , Polito joined Atalanta on 23 September 2011 to provide injury cover . Sassuolo . He left Atalanta for the Serie A rivals Sassuolo on 31 January 2014 . Polito was re-signed by Sassuolo in a 1-year contract on 17 July 2014 . Juve Stabia . On 20 October 2015 , he was signed by Juve Stabia for free . External links . - Profile at La Gazzetta dello Sport 2007-08 |
[
"Atalanta"
] | easy | Which team did Ciro Polito play for from 2011 to 2014? | /wiki/Ciro_Polito#P54#5 | Ciro Polito Ciro Polito ( born 12 April 1979 ) is an Italian footballer who played as a goalkeeper . As of 2017 , he has worked as technical director of Juve Stabia . Career . Salernitana . Ciro Polito began his footballing career with the youth system of Salerno based club , Salernitana Sport , in the mid-1990s , and began to earn senior call-ups in 1997 . Despite often being called up during the 1997–98 season , Polito was loaned out to Rimini for the 1998–99 season , and managed to earn a starting position for much of the season . With the club , Polito made 29 league appearances and returned to Salerno in 1999 , but the young goalkeeper never earned a senior debut for his near-hometown club . In July 1999 he was involved in a swap deal with Lucchese . The deal saw Lorenzo Squizzi move in the opposite direction , with both players joining their new clubs in co-ownership deal . Lucchese . Polito made just 5 appearances with his new club and was hence , loaned out in January 2000 , to A.C . Mantova . The loan spell proved to be successful , as Polito earned starting gloves for the remainder of the campaign , making 12 starts . In June 2000 , he returned to Lucchese , but their share of his contract was sold back to Salernitnana , but Polito did not remain in Salerno either and he was sold to nearby rivals Avellino . Avellino . Since signed by Avellino permanently , the goalkeeper failed to break into the clubs starting line-up in two seasons , but still managed to make 22 league appearances as a back-up between 2000 and 2002 , when he was sold to A.C . Pistoiese . Pistoiese & Acireale . Following his move to A.C . Pistoiese , Polito again earned a starting position , and went on to make 33 appearances for his new club in all competitions , in just one season . Following his impressive form during the course of the 2002–2003 season , he was scouted by , and eventually sold to Sicilian club , Acireale . After officially joining the Sicilian outfit in July 2003 , Polito again found a position in the starting XI of his newest club , and made 30 league appearances that season . He was then scouted by Catania chief director Pietro Lo Monaco , and was brought to the club during the summer window of 2004 . Catania . After playing many seasons in the Italian Serie C1 and Serie C2 , Polito made the step to Serie B in 2004 , when he transferred to Sicilian club , Calcio Catania . In his first two seasons with the club , Polito made just 5 appearances , as he was utilized as a back-up to veteran Armando Pantanelli . Polito was a part of the team that led Catania to a runner-up finish in the league during the 2005–06 season , which earned the club promotion to the Italian Serie A . It was his first season in the top flight . During his first season in the league , Polito again served as a back-up for Pantanelli , but he managed his Serie A debut , and only appearance in the season , on 26 November 2006 . In January 2007 , Polito was loaned out to Pescara , in exchange for Vitangelo Spadavecchia , who also joined on loan . At Pescara , Polito played as the starting goalkeeper , ahead of Marco Tardiolli , and made 17 league appearances over the remaining portion of the Serie B season . In June 2007 , Polito returned to Catania , after the departure of Pantanelli . Under new coach , Silvio Baldini , Polito became the clubs starting shot-stopper and his career took off . He was a major part of the clubs first team , until Walter Zenga took over as head coach and Polito was dropped in favor of Albano Bizzarri . Polito began the 2008-09 Serie A campaign , the same way he ended the previous season , on the bench . Zenga actually opted to drop Polito to third choice , behind new signing Tomas Kosicky , and hence , Polito was ultimately set for a winter transfer , following his falling-out-of-favor with the coach . On 3 January 2008 , Catania signed goalkeeper , Paolo Acerbis from Grosseto on loan , and in return , sent Polito to Grosseto on loan to fill the gap left by Acerbis . Both clubs obtained the option to make the deals permanent at the end of the season . At Grosseto , Polito took over the starting gloves , and made 18 Serie B starts . With Catania , not using the option to make the deal permanent , both players returned to their respective clubs . Polito was instantly transfer listed and sold back to his youth club , Salernitana Calcio in July 2009 . He made over 50 appearances for Catania in all competitions . Return to Salernitana . He signed a 3-year contract with Salernitana as the club lost Tommaso Berni , following the expiration of his loan deal and Salvatore Pinna , who was sold to Pescara Calcio . Polito managed to make 34 appearances ( 2 in Cup in all competitions for his club , and even managed a rare goal , but his efforts were not enough to save the club from relegation to the Lega Pro Prima Divisione for the 2010-11 Lega Calcioseason . Atalanta . Having been released from Salernitana at the end of the 2010–11 season , Polito joined Atalanta on 23 September 2011 to provide injury cover . Sassuolo . He left Atalanta for the Serie A rivals Sassuolo on 31 January 2014 . Polito was re-signed by Sassuolo in a 1-year contract on 17 July 2014 . Juve Stabia . On 20 October 2015 , he was signed by Juve Stabia for free . External links . - Profile at La Gazzetta dello Sport 2007-08 |
[
"Ajax"
] | easy | Which team was coached by Frank de Boer from Dec 2010 to Jun 2016? | /wiki/Frank_de_Boer#P6087#0 | Frank de Boer Franciscus de Boer ( ; born 15 May 1970 ) is a Dutch football manager who is the current head coach of the Netherlands national team . A former defender , De Boer spent most of his professional playing career with Ajax , winning five Eredivisie titles , two KNVB Cups , three Super Cups , one UEFA Cup , one UEFA Champions League and one Intercontinental Cup . He later spent five years at Barcelona , where he won the 1998–99 La Liga title , before retiring after short spells at Galatasaray , Rangers , Al-Rayyan and Al-Shamal . De Boer is the second most capped outfield player in the history of the Netherlands national team , with 112 caps . He captained Oranje to the semi-finals of both the 1998 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2000 . He is the twin brother of Ronald de Boer , with whom he was a teammate at Ajax , Barcelona , Rangers , Al-Rayyan , Al-Shamal and the Netherlands national team . After retiring from playing , De Boer went into management with the Ajax youth team and as assistant to Bert van Marwijk with the Netherlands national team . In December 2010 , he took over as manager of Ajax and went on to win the Eredivisie title in his first season . In 2013 , he received the Rinus Michels Award for manager of the year in the Netherlands after leading Ajax to their third successive Eredivisie title . The following year , he became the first manager to win four consecutive Eredivisie titles . He then had brief spells managing in Serie A with Internazionale in 2016 , Crystal Palace in the Premier League in 2017 , and Atlanta United in MLS in 2019 and 2020 , before becoming the current head coach of the Netherlands national team . Club career . Ajax . De Boer began his career as a left back at Ajax before switching to centre-back , a position he made his own for many years in the national team . He won both the 1991–92 UEFA Cup and 1994–95 UEFA Champions League while at Ajax , in addition to five Eredivisie titles and two KNVB Cups . However , after signing a six-year contract extension with Ajax for the 1998–99 season , he and his twin brother Ronald took successful legal action to have it voided . Ajax had a verbal agreement that if a lucrative offer for one brother came by , he would be released provided the other stayed . Ajax , however , apparently backed down on that agreement after floating the club on the stock market and pledging to shareholders that it would hold both of the De Boers and build around them a team to recapture the Champions League . Barcelona . In January 1999 , Frank and Ronald de Boer signed for Spanish La Liga club Barcelona for £22 million , joining their former Ajax manager Louis van Gaal at the Camp Nou . After winning the 1998–99 La Liga title , they were unable to repeat their earlier triumphs . In 2000 , Van Gaal was sacked by Barcelona and Frank suffered the ignominy of testing positive for the banned substance nandrolone a year later . He was suspended but he was reinstated after a successful appeal . Later career . De Boer briefly moved to Galatasaray in the summer of 2003 before joining his brother at Rangers in January 2004 . He made his Rangers debut in a 1–0 win away at Partick Thistle , but in his second appearance for the club he missed the decisive penalty in the shootout as Rangers lost to Hibernian in the Scottish League Cup semi-final . He made a total of 17 appearances for Rangers , scoring two goals against Aberdeen and Dundee . The De Boer brothers left Rangers after UEFA Euro 2004 to play the rest of their football careers in Qatar with Al-Rayyan . De Boer announced his retirement from football in April 2006 . International career . Having represented his national team 112 times , he was the most capped player in the history of the Netherlands national team , until Edwin van der Sar surpassed him . De Boer made his debut for the Netherlands in September 1990 against Italy . De Boer also played for the Netherlands in the 1994 and 1998 FIFA World Cups , and the 1992 , 2000 and 2004 UEFA European Championships . He is well-remembered for the arching 60-yard pass which allowed Dennis Bergkamp to score the last-minute goal that eliminated Argentina in the quarter-finals of the 1998 World Cup . During Euro 2000 , hosted in his home country and Belgium , De Boer reached another semi-final with the Dutch team . De Boer missed an important penalty kick in the first half of the semi-finals against 10-man Italy and another in the penalty shootout , which led to the Netherlands elimination from the tournament . On 29 March 2003 , in a home match against Czech Republic , De Boer became the first Dutch male footballer to gain 100 caps . He ended his international career after an injury forced him to be replaced in a quarter-final match with Sweden at Euro 2004 . The injury ruled him out from the semi-final match against Portugal , which the Netherlands lost 2–1 . Style of play . A talented and well-rounded world-class defender , in addition to his defensive skills , De Boer was also known for his pace , technical ability , accurate passing , and leadership , which enabled him to carry the ball out of defence , play it out from the back , or contribute to his teams offensive play by initiating attacks and creating chances for strikers with long balls . A versatile , intelligent , and elegant left-footed defender , with an ability to read the game and intercept loose balls , he was capable of playing both on the left and in the centre , and was even deployed as a sweeper . He was also a dangerous set-piece taker , renowned for his accurate bending free kicks from anywhere around the penalty area . Managerial career . In 2007 , De Boer took up a coaching role at his former club Ajax where he was in charge of the clubs youth sector . During the 2010 World Cup , he was the assistant of the Netherlands national football team to manager Bert van Marwijk , together with retired player Phillip Cocu . The Dutch team reached the final of the tournament , losing to Spain . Ajax . On 6 December 2010 , after the resignation of Martin Jol , De Boer was appointed caretaker manager of Ajax until the winter break . His first game in charge was a Champions League match against Milan at the San Siro , a match Ajax won 2–0 through goals from Demy de Zeeuw and Toby Alderweireld . De Boer then went on to help Ajax become champions of the Eredivisie for the 2010–11 season in a 3–1 home victory over Twente , the champions of the previous year , on the final matchday , making the first year of his professional coaching career a golden one . I couldnt have wished for a more beautiful birthday present , said De Boer , as the clubs 30th championship was won on his 41st birthday . In two-and-a-half years at the helm of Ajax , De Boer won three championships , making eight in total ( when including the five that he won as a player ) . According to reports , De Boer was offered the chance to interview for the Liverpool job but turned it down to remain with Ajax . I am honoured by the request [ from Liverpool ] but I have only just started with Ajax , he said . In 2013 , De Boer received the Rinus Michels Award for manager of the year in the Netherlands after leading Ajax to their third successive Eredivisie title . On 27 April 2014 , De Boer won his fourth successive Eredivisie title with Ajax , the first manager ever to achieve this in the Dutch league . Moreover , it marked the first time Ajax has ever won four successive Eredivisie titles . De Boer has now won a total of nine Eredivisie championships with Ajax as a player and manager , another record ; Johan Cruyff , Sjaak Swart and Jack Reynolds all won eight Eredivisie championships with Ajax . Ajax finished the 2014–15 Eredivisie in second position , a massive 17 points behind champions PSV . On 11 May 2016 , De Boer announced his resignation as manager of Ajax following a disappointing season when Ajax again lost out on the Eredivisie title to PSV on the final matchday of the season . Inter Milan . On 9 August 2016 , after the departure of Roberto Mancini , De Boer signed a three-year contract with Internazionale for the start of the 2016–17 season . De Boers first match in charge was Inters final pre-season friendly , a 2–0 win against Celtic on 13 August , played on neutral ground at Thomond Park , Republic of Ireland . The club management board also approved expensive signings João Mário and Gabriel Barbosa for the team and De Boer ( they were in fact linked to Mancini and Inter in July ) , and the return to Turkey of recent acquisition Caner Erkin in the last days of transfer window . Gabriel , however , was rarely used in Serie A matches and could not be registered in European competitions due to a penalty imposed on Inter for breaching UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations in previous seasons . De Boers first competitive match was a 2–0 away loss to Chievo on 21 August . After the match , De Boer was criticized for using a three-man defence , a style that he had never used while at Ajax . Milan-based newspaper Corriere della Sera went as far as calling Inters performance a disaster . Fortunes soon turned , however , as Inter drew 1–1 against Palermo on 28 August , before winning three games in a row , against Pescara , title-holders Juventus and Empoli . The win against Juventus was highly praised , with De Boer being lauded for substituting Éder for Ivan Perišić , who provided the winning goal . Inters form would not last long , as the club would go on to lose against Roma , Cagliari and Atalanta . Inter also struggled in the UEFA Europa League under De Boer , as they lost the opening match 0–2 at home against Israeli team Hapoel Beer Sheva on 15 September , and 3–1 against Sparta Prague on 29 September . Inter would then go on to finish last in their group with a total of six points , with three points under De Boer and another three under his successor . Following a run of four defeats in the last five Serie A matches , which left Inter in 12th place in Serie A , De Boer was sacked on 1 November , having been in charge for only 85 days . His last match was a 1–0 loss to Sampdoria on 30 October . Ironically , during a press interview in the annual general meeting of the shareholders of Internazionale on 28 October , CEO Michael Bolingbroke had confirmed that the club was 100% backing De Boer . ( Bolingbroke himself resigned a few days later . Liu Jun , vice-president of sister company Suning Sports , replaced Bolingbroke. ) De Boer argued that he needed more time in order to make a mark as manager at Inter , and thanked his fans on his Twitter profile for the support . He was replaced by former Lazio manager Stefano Pioli on 8 November , the ninth manager Inter have appointed since winning the Treble in 2010 under José Mourinho . Following Piolis initial struggles at Inter , De Boer has hit back at the lack of leadership following Sunings takeover of Inter , which he credits for the lack of trust he was given while there . Crystal Palace . On 26 June 2017 , De Boer was announced as the new manager of Premier League side Crystal Palace , replacing the recently resigned Sam Allardyce . He signed a three-year deal with the South London club , but was sacked 10 weeks later when Palace lost their first four league matches of the season without scoring a single goal – the first team in 93 years to have begun a top-flight season in such a fashion . He left having managed the team for only 450 minutes of game time of a Premier League team , making it the shortest reign of the Premier League era ( in terms of number of matches , rather than number of days ) . De Boers only win came in an EFL Cup second-round game , in which Crystal Palace won 2–1 against Ipswich Town . He was replaced by Roy Hodgson . Whilst at the club , De Boer attempted to implement a possession-based style of play ; after his sacking , he criticised the clubs players for their resistance to his approach , arguing that the club had signed only two players to fit his philosophy . Palace winger Wilfried Zaha commented on De Boers brief time at the club , stating There wasnt really the right mixture [ of players ] for the way we wanted to play . Referencing De Boers stint at Crystal Palace , José Mourinho described De Boer as the worst manager in the history of the Premier League . Atlanta United . On 23 December 2018 , De Boer was announced as the head coach of Major League Soccer side Atlanta United , succeeding Gerardo Tata Martino to become the second head coach in the clubs history . In his first season , the team won both the U.S . Open Cup and Campeones Cup , while in MLS action finishing second in the Eastern Conference and reaching the Eastern Conference final . On 24 July 2020 , following Atlantas elimination from the MLS is Back Tournament after losing all three of their matches , Atlanta and De Boer mutually agreed to part ways . Netherlands . On 23 September 2020 , the KNVB announced that De Boer would be the new manager of the countrys national football team , signing a contract until the end of 2022 . On 11 November 2020 , after a 1-1 draw with Spain , De Boer became the first ever Netherlands manager to fail to win any of his first 4 fixtures . Career statistics . International goals . ( Source ) Honours . Player . Ajax - Eredivisie ( 5 ) : 1989–90 , 1993–94 , 1994–95 , 1995–96 , 1997–98 - KNVB Cup ( 2 ) : 1992–93 , 1997–98 - Johan Cruijff Shield ( 3 ) : 1993 , 1994 , 1995 - UEFA Champions League : 1994–95 - UEFA Cup : 1991–92 - UEFA Super Cup : 1995 - Intercontinental Cup : 1995 Barcelona - La Liga : 1998–99 Al Rayyan - Emir of Qatar Cup : 2005 Netherlands - FIFA World Cup fourth place : 1998 Individual - ESM Team of the Year : 1995–96 - FIFA World Cup All-Star Team : 1998 - UEFA Euro Team of the Tournament : 2000 - Golden Foot : 2016 , as football legend Manager . Netherlands - FIFA World Cup Runner-up : 2010 ( assistant manager ) Ajax - Eredivisie ( 4 ) : 2010–11 , 2011–12 , 2012–13 , 2013–14 - Johan Cruyff Shield : 2013 Atlanta United - Campeones Cup : 2019 - U.S . Open Cup : 2019 Individual - Amsterdamse coach van het jaar ( De Fanny ) : 2012 , 2014 - Rinus Michels Award : 2013 , 2014 - JFKs Greatest Man Award : 2013 |
[
"Crystal Palace"
] | easy | Frank de Boer was the coach of which team from 2017 to Sep 2017? | /wiki/Frank_de_Boer#P6087#1 | Frank de Boer Franciscus de Boer ( ; born 15 May 1970 ) is a Dutch football manager who is the current head coach of the Netherlands national team . A former defender , De Boer spent most of his professional playing career with Ajax , winning five Eredivisie titles , two KNVB Cups , three Super Cups , one UEFA Cup , one UEFA Champions League and one Intercontinental Cup . He later spent five years at Barcelona , where he won the 1998–99 La Liga title , before retiring after short spells at Galatasaray , Rangers , Al-Rayyan and Al-Shamal . De Boer is the second most capped outfield player in the history of the Netherlands national team , with 112 caps . He captained Oranje to the semi-finals of both the 1998 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2000 . He is the twin brother of Ronald de Boer , with whom he was a teammate at Ajax , Barcelona , Rangers , Al-Rayyan , Al-Shamal and the Netherlands national team . After retiring from playing , De Boer went into management with the Ajax youth team and as assistant to Bert van Marwijk with the Netherlands national team . In December 2010 , he took over as manager of Ajax and went on to win the Eredivisie title in his first season . In 2013 , he received the Rinus Michels Award for manager of the year in the Netherlands after leading Ajax to their third successive Eredivisie title . The following year , he became the first manager to win four consecutive Eredivisie titles . He then had brief spells managing in Serie A with Internazionale in 2016 , Crystal Palace in the Premier League in 2017 , and Atlanta United in MLS in 2019 and 2020 , before becoming the current head coach of the Netherlands national team . Club career . Ajax . De Boer began his career as a left back at Ajax before switching to centre-back , a position he made his own for many years in the national team . He won both the 1991–92 UEFA Cup and 1994–95 UEFA Champions League while at Ajax , in addition to five Eredivisie titles and two KNVB Cups . However , after signing a six-year contract extension with Ajax for the 1998–99 season , he and his twin brother Ronald took successful legal action to have it voided . Ajax had a verbal agreement that if a lucrative offer for one brother came by , he would be released provided the other stayed . Ajax , however , apparently backed down on that agreement after floating the club on the stock market and pledging to shareholders that it would hold both of the De Boers and build around them a team to recapture the Champions League . Barcelona . In January 1999 , Frank and Ronald de Boer signed for Spanish La Liga club Barcelona for £22 million , joining their former Ajax manager Louis van Gaal at the Camp Nou . After winning the 1998–99 La Liga title , they were unable to repeat their earlier triumphs . In 2000 , Van Gaal was sacked by Barcelona and Frank suffered the ignominy of testing positive for the banned substance nandrolone a year later . He was suspended but he was reinstated after a successful appeal . Later career . De Boer briefly moved to Galatasaray in the summer of 2003 before joining his brother at Rangers in January 2004 . He made his Rangers debut in a 1–0 win away at Partick Thistle , but in his second appearance for the club he missed the decisive penalty in the shootout as Rangers lost to Hibernian in the Scottish League Cup semi-final . He made a total of 17 appearances for Rangers , scoring two goals against Aberdeen and Dundee . The De Boer brothers left Rangers after UEFA Euro 2004 to play the rest of their football careers in Qatar with Al-Rayyan . De Boer announced his retirement from football in April 2006 . International career . Having represented his national team 112 times , he was the most capped player in the history of the Netherlands national team , until Edwin van der Sar surpassed him . De Boer made his debut for the Netherlands in September 1990 against Italy . De Boer also played for the Netherlands in the 1994 and 1998 FIFA World Cups , and the 1992 , 2000 and 2004 UEFA European Championships . He is well-remembered for the arching 60-yard pass which allowed Dennis Bergkamp to score the last-minute goal that eliminated Argentina in the quarter-finals of the 1998 World Cup . During Euro 2000 , hosted in his home country and Belgium , De Boer reached another semi-final with the Dutch team . De Boer missed an important penalty kick in the first half of the semi-finals against 10-man Italy and another in the penalty shootout , which led to the Netherlands elimination from the tournament . On 29 March 2003 , in a home match against Czech Republic , De Boer became the first Dutch male footballer to gain 100 caps . He ended his international career after an injury forced him to be replaced in a quarter-final match with Sweden at Euro 2004 . The injury ruled him out from the semi-final match against Portugal , which the Netherlands lost 2–1 . Style of play . A talented and well-rounded world-class defender , in addition to his defensive skills , De Boer was also known for his pace , technical ability , accurate passing , and leadership , which enabled him to carry the ball out of defence , play it out from the back , or contribute to his teams offensive play by initiating attacks and creating chances for strikers with long balls . A versatile , intelligent , and elegant left-footed defender , with an ability to read the game and intercept loose balls , he was capable of playing both on the left and in the centre , and was even deployed as a sweeper . He was also a dangerous set-piece taker , renowned for his accurate bending free kicks from anywhere around the penalty area . Managerial career . In 2007 , De Boer took up a coaching role at his former club Ajax where he was in charge of the clubs youth sector . During the 2010 World Cup , he was the assistant of the Netherlands national football team to manager Bert van Marwijk , together with retired player Phillip Cocu . The Dutch team reached the final of the tournament , losing to Spain . Ajax . On 6 December 2010 , after the resignation of Martin Jol , De Boer was appointed caretaker manager of Ajax until the winter break . His first game in charge was a Champions League match against Milan at the San Siro , a match Ajax won 2–0 through goals from Demy de Zeeuw and Toby Alderweireld . De Boer then went on to help Ajax become champions of the Eredivisie for the 2010–11 season in a 3–1 home victory over Twente , the champions of the previous year , on the final matchday , making the first year of his professional coaching career a golden one . I couldnt have wished for a more beautiful birthday present , said De Boer , as the clubs 30th championship was won on his 41st birthday . In two-and-a-half years at the helm of Ajax , De Boer won three championships , making eight in total ( when including the five that he won as a player ) . According to reports , De Boer was offered the chance to interview for the Liverpool job but turned it down to remain with Ajax . I am honoured by the request [ from Liverpool ] but I have only just started with Ajax , he said . In 2013 , De Boer received the Rinus Michels Award for manager of the year in the Netherlands after leading Ajax to their third successive Eredivisie title . On 27 April 2014 , De Boer won his fourth successive Eredivisie title with Ajax , the first manager ever to achieve this in the Dutch league . Moreover , it marked the first time Ajax has ever won four successive Eredivisie titles . De Boer has now won a total of nine Eredivisie championships with Ajax as a player and manager , another record ; Johan Cruyff , Sjaak Swart and Jack Reynolds all won eight Eredivisie championships with Ajax . Ajax finished the 2014–15 Eredivisie in second position , a massive 17 points behind champions PSV . On 11 May 2016 , De Boer announced his resignation as manager of Ajax following a disappointing season when Ajax again lost out on the Eredivisie title to PSV on the final matchday of the season . Inter Milan . On 9 August 2016 , after the departure of Roberto Mancini , De Boer signed a three-year contract with Internazionale for the start of the 2016–17 season . De Boers first match in charge was Inters final pre-season friendly , a 2–0 win against Celtic on 13 August , played on neutral ground at Thomond Park , Republic of Ireland . The club management board also approved expensive signings João Mário and Gabriel Barbosa for the team and De Boer ( they were in fact linked to Mancini and Inter in July ) , and the return to Turkey of recent acquisition Caner Erkin in the last days of transfer window . Gabriel , however , was rarely used in Serie A matches and could not be registered in European competitions due to a penalty imposed on Inter for breaching UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations in previous seasons . De Boers first competitive match was a 2–0 away loss to Chievo on 21 August . After the match , De Boer was criticized for using a three-man defence , a style that he had never used while at Ajax . Milan-based newspaper Corriere della Sera went as far as calling Inters performance a disaster . Fortunes soon turned , however , as Inter drew 1–1 against Palermo on 28 August , before winning three games in a row , against Pescara , title-holders Juventus and Empoli . The win against Juventus was highly praised , with De Boer being lauded for substituting Éder for Ivan Perišić , who provided the winning goal . Inters form would not last long , as the club would go on to lose against Roma , Cagliari and Atalanta . Inter also struggled in the UEFA Europa League under De Boer , as they lost the opening match 0–2 at home against Israeli team Hapoel Beer Sheva on 15 September , and 3–1 against Sparta Prague on 29 September . Inter would then go on to finish last in their group with a total of six points , with three points under De Boer and another three under his successor . Following a run of four defeats in the last five Serie A matches , which left Inter in 12th place in Serie A , De Boer was sacked on 1 November , having been in charge for only 85 days . His last match was a 1–0 loss to Sampdoria on 30 October . Ironically , during a press interview in the annual general meeting of the shareholders of Internazionale on 28 October , CEO Michael Bolingbroke had confirmed that the club was 100% backing De Boer . ( Bolingbroke himself resigned a few days later . Liu Jun , vice-president of sister company Suning Sports , replaced Bolingbroke. ) De Boer argued that he needed more time in order to make a mark as manager at Inter , and thanked his fans on his Twitter profile for the support . He was replaced by former Lazio manager Stefano Pioli on 8 November , the ninth manager Inter have appointed since winning the Treble in 2010 under José Mourinho . Following Piolis initial struggles at Inter , De Boer has hit back at the lack of leadership following Sunings takeover of Inter , which he credits for the lack of trust he was given while there . Crystal Palace . On 26 June 2017 , De Boer was announced as the new manager of Premier League side Crystal Palace , replacing the recently resigned Sam Allardyce . He signed a three-year deal with the South London club , but was sacked 10 weeks later when Palace lost their first four league matches of the season without scoring a single goal – the first team in 93 years to have begun a top-flight season in such a fashion . He left having managed the team for only 450 minutes of game time of a Premier League team , making it the shortest reign of the Premier League era ( in terms of number of matches , rather than number of days ) . De Boers only win came in an EFL Cup second-round game , in which Crystal Palace won 2–1 against Ipswich Town . He was replaced by Roy Hodgson . Whilst at the club , De Boer attempted to implement a possession-based style of play ; after his sacking , he criticised the clubs players for their resistance to his approach , arguing that the club had signed only two players to fit his philosophy . Palace winger Wilfried Zaha commented on De Boers brief time at the club , stating There wasnt really the right mixture [ of players ] for the way we wanted to play . Referencing De Boers stint at Crystal Palace , José Mourinho described De Boer as the worst manager in the history of the Premier League . Atlanta United . On 23 December 2018 , De Boer was announced as the head coach of Major League Soccer side Atlanta United , succeeding Gerardo Tata Martino to become the second head coach in the clubs history . In his first season , the team won both the U.S . Open Cup and Campeones Cup , while in MLS action finishing second in the Eastern Conference and reaching the Eastern Conference final . On 24 July 2020 , following Atlantas elimination from the MLS is Back Tournament after losing all three of their matches , Atlanta and De Boer mutually agreed to part ways . Netherlands . On 23 September 2020 , the KNVB announced that De Boer would be the new manager of the countrys national football team , signing a contract until the end of 2022 . On 11 November 2020 , after a 1-1 draw with Spain , De Boer became the first ever Netherlands manager to fail to win any of his first 4 fixtures . Career statistics . International goals . ( Source ) Honours . Player . Ajax - Eredivisie ( 5 ) : 1989–90 , 1993–94 , 1994–95 , 1995–96 , 1997–98 - KNVB Cup ( 2 ) : 1992–93 , 1997–98 - Johan Cruijff Shield ( 3 ) : 1993 , 1994 , 1995 - UEFA Champions League : 1994–95 - UEFA Cup : 1991–92 - UEFA Super Cup : 1995 - Intercontinental Cup : 1995 Barcelona - La Liga : 1998–99 Al Rayyan - Emir of Qatar Cup : 2005 Netherlands - FIFA World Cup fourth place : 1998 Individual - ESM Team of the Year : 1995–96 - FIFA World Cup All-Star Team : 1998 - UEFA Euro Team of the Tournament : 2000 - Golden Foot : 2016 , as football legend Manager . Netherlands - FIFA World Cup Runner-up : 2010 ( assistant manager ) Ajax - Eredivisie ( 4 ) : 2010–11 , 2011–12 , 2012–13 , 2013–14 - Johan Cruyff Shield : 2013 Atlanta United - Campeones Cup : 2019 - U.S . Open Cup : 2019 Individual - Amsterdamse coach van het jaar ( De Fanny ) : 2012 , 2014 - Rinus Michels Award : 2013 , 2014 - JFKs Greatest Man Award : 2013 |
[
"Atlanta United"
] | easy | Which team was coached by Frank de Boer from 2018 to 2019? | /wiki/Frank_de_Boer#P6087#2 | Frank de Boer Franciscus de Boer ( ; born 15 May 1970 ) is a Dutch football manager who is the current head coach of the Netherlands national team . A former defender , De Boer spent most of his professional playing career with Ajax , winning five Eredivisie titles , two KNVB Cups , three Super Cups , one UEFA Cup , one UEFA Champions League and one Intercontinental Cup . He later spent five years at Barcelona , where he won the 1998–99 La Liga title , before retiring after short spells at Galatasaray , Rangers , Al-Rayyan and Al-Shamal . De Boer is the second most capped outfield player in the history of the Netherlands national team , with 112 caps . He captained Oranje to the semi-finals of both the 1998 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2000 . He is the twin brother of Ronald de Boer , with whom he was a teammate at Ajax , Barcelona , Rangers , Al-Rayyan , Al-Shamal and the Netherlands national team . After retiring from playing , De Boer went into management with the Ajax youth team and as assistant to Bert van Marwijk with the Netherlands national team . In December 2010 , he took over as manager of Ajax and went on to win the Eredivisie title in his first season . In 2013 , he received the Rinus Michels Award for manager of the year in the Netherlands after leading Ajax to their third successive Eredivisie title . The following year , he became the first manager to win four consecutive Eredivisie titles . He then had brief spells managing in Serie A with Internazionale in 2016 , Crystal Palace in the Premier League in 2017 , and Atlanta United in MLS in 2019 and 2020 , before becoming the current head coach of the Netherlands national team . Club career . Ajax . De Boer began his career as a left back at Ajax before switching to centre-back , a position he made his own for many years in the national team . He won both the 1991–92 UEFA Cup and 1994–95 UEFA Champions League while at Ajax , in addition to five Eredivisie titles and two KNVB Cups . However , after signing a six-year contract extension with Ajax for the 1998–99 season , he and his twin brother Ronald took successful legal action to have it voided . Ajax had a verbal agreement that if a lucrative offer for one brother came by , he would be released provided the other stayed . Ajax , however , apparently backed down on that agreement after floating the club on the stock market and pledging to shareholders that it would hold both of the De Boers and build around them a team to recapture the Champions League . Barcelona . In January 1999 , Frank and Ronald de Boer signed for Spanish La Liga club Barcelona for £22 million , joining their former Ajax manager Louis van Gaal at the Camp Nou . After winning the 1998–99 La Liga title , they were unable to repeat their earlier triumphs . In 2000 , Van Gaal was sacked by Barcelona and Frank suffered the ignominy of testing positive for the banned substance nandrolone a year later . He was suspended but he was reinstated after a successful appeal . Later career . De Boer briefly moved to Galatasaray in the summer of 2003 before joining his brother at Rangers in January 2004 . He made his Rangers debut in a 1–0 win away at Partick Thistle , but in his second appearance for the club he missed the decisive penalty in the shootout as Rangers lost to Hibernian in the Scottish League Cup semi-final . He made a total of 17 appearances for Rangers , scoring two goals against Aberdeen and Dundee . The De Boer brothers left Rangers after UEFA Euro 2004 to play the rest of their football careers in Qatar with Al-Rayyan . De Boer announced his retirement from football in April 2006 . International career . Having represented his national team 112 times , he was the most capped player in the history of the Netherlands national team , until Edwin van der Sar surpassed him . De Boer made his debut for the Netherlands in September 1990 against Italy . De Boer also played for the Netherlands in the 1994 and 1998 FIFA World Cups , and the 1992 , 2000 and 2004 UEFA European Championships . He is well-remembered for the arching 60-yard pass which allowed Dennis Bergkamp to score the last-minute goal that eliminated Argentina in the quarter-finals of the 1998 World Cup . During Euro 2000 , hosted in his home country and Belgium , De Boer reached another semi-final with the Dutch team . De Boer missed an important penalty kick in the first half of the semi-finals against 10-man Italy and another in the penalty shootout , which led to the Netherlands elimination from the tournament . On 29 March 2003 , in a home match against Czech Republic , De Boer became the first Dutch male footballer to gain 100 caps . He ended his international career after an injury forced him to be replaced in a quarter-final match with Sweden at Euro 2004 . The injury ruled him out from the semi-final match against Portugal , which the Netherlands lost 2–1 . Style of play . A talented and well-rounded world-class defender , in addition to his defensive skills , De Boer was also known for his pace , technical ability , accurate passing , and leadership , which enabled him to carry the ball out of defence , play it out from the back , or contribute to his teams offensive play by initiating attacks and creating chances for strikers with long balls . A versatile , intelligent , and elegant left-footed defender , with an ability to read the game and intercept loose balls , he was capable of playing both on the left and in the centre , and was even deployed as a sweeper . He was also a dangerous set-piece taker , renowned for his accurate bending free kicks from anywhere around the penalty area . Managerial career . In 2007 , De Boer took up a coaching role at his former club Ajax where he was in charge of the clubs youth sector . During the 2010 World Cup , he was the assistant of the Netherlands national football team to manager Bert van Marwijk , together with retired player Phillip Cocu . The Dutch team reached the final of the tournament , losing to Spain . Ajax . On 6 December 2010 , after the resignation of Martin Jol , De Boer was appointed caretaker manager of Ajax until the winter break . His first game in charge was a Champions League match against Milan at the San Siro , a match Ajax won 2–0 through goals from Demy de Zeeuw and Toby Alderweireld . De Boer then went on to help Ajax become champions of the Eredivisie for the 2010–11 season in a 3–1 home victory over Twente , the champions of the previous year , on the final matchday , making the first year of his professional coaching career a golden one . I couldnt have wished for a more beautiful birthday present , said De Boer , as the clubs 30th championship was won on his 41st birthday . In two-and-a-half years at the helm of Ajax , De Boer won three championships , making eight in total ( when including the five that he won as a player ) . According to reports , De Boer was offered the chance to interview for the Liverpool job but turned it down to remain with Ajax . I am honoured by the request [ from Liverpool ] but I have only just started with Ajax , he said . In 2013 , De Boer received the Rinus Michels Award for manager of the year in the Netherlands after leading Ajax to their third successive Eredivisie title . On 27 April 2014 , De Boer won his fourth successive Eredivisie title with Ajax , the first manager ever to achieve this in the Dutch league . Moreover , it marked the first time Ajax has ever won four successive Eredivisie titles . De Boer has now won a total of nine Eredivisie championships with Ajax as a player and manager , another record ; Johan Cruyff , Sjaak Swart and Jack Reynolds all won eight Eredivisie championships with Ajax . Ajax finished the 2014–15 Eredivisie in second position , a massive 17 points behind champions PSV . On 11 May 2016 , De Boer announced his resignation as manager of Ajax following a disappointing season when Ajax again lost out on the Eredivisie title to PSV on the final matchday of the season . Inter Milan . On 9 August 2016 , after the departure of Roberto Mancini , De Boer signed a three-year contract with Internazionale for the start of the 2016–17 season . De Boers first match in charge was Inters final pre-season friendly , a 2–0 win against Celtic on 13 August , played on neutral ground at Thomond Park , Republic of Ireland . The club management board also approved expensive signings João Mário and Gabriel Barbosa for the team and De Boer ( they were in fact linked to Mancini and Inter in July ) , and the return to Turkey of recent acquisition Caner Erkin in the last days of transfer window . Gabriel , however , was rarely used in Serie A matches and could not be registered in European competitions due to a penalty imposed on Inter for breaching UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations in previous seasons . De Boers first competitive match was a 2–0 away loss to Chievo on 21 August . After the match , De Boer was criticized for using a three-man defence , a style that he had never used while at Ajax . Milan-based newspaper Corriere della Sera went as far as calling Inters performance a disaster . Fortunes soon turned , however , as Inter drew 1–1 against Palermo on 28 August , before winning three games in a row , against Pescara , title-holders Juventus and Empoli . The win against Juventus was highly praised , with De Boer being lauded for substituting Éder for Ivan Perišić , who provided the winning goal . Inters form would not last long , as the club would go on to lose against Roma , Cagliari and Atalanta . Inter also struggled in the UEFA Europa League under De Boer , as they lost the opening match 0–2 at home against Israeli team Hapoel Beer Sheva on 15 September , and 3–1 against Sparta Prague on 29 September . Inter would then go on to finish last in their group with a total of six points , with three points under De Boer and another three under his successor . Following a run of four defeats in the last five Serie A matches , which left Inter in 12th place in Serie A , De Boer was sacked on 1 November , having been in charge for only 85 days . His last match was a 1–0 loss to Sampdoria on 30 October . Ironically , during a press interview in the annual general meeting of the shareholders of Internazionale on 28 October , CEO Michael Bolingbroke had confirmed that the club was 100% backing De Boer . ( Bolingbroke himself resigned a few days later . Liu Jun , vice-president of sister company Suning Sports , replaced Bolingbroke. ) De Boer argued that he needed more time in order to make a mark as manager at Inter , and thanked his fans on his Twitter profile for the support . He was replaced by former Lazio manager Stefano Pioli on 8 November , the ninth manager Inter have appointed since winning the Treble in 2010 under José Mourinho . Following Piolis initial struggles at Inter , De Boer has hit back at the lack of leadership following Sunings takeover of Inter , which he credits for the lack of trust he was given while there . Crystal Palace . On 26 June 2017 , De Boer was announced as the new manager of Premier League side Crystal Palace , replacing the recently resigned Sam Allardyce . He signed a three-year deal with the South London club , but was sacked 10 weeks later when Palace lost their first four league matches of the season without scoring a single goal – the first team in 93 years to have begun a top-flight season in such a fashion . He left having managed the team for only 450 minutes of game time of a Premier League team , making it the shortest reign of the Premier League era ( in terms of number of matches , rather than number of days ) . De Boers only win came in an EFL Cup second-round game , in which Crystal Palace won 2–1 against Ipswich Town . He was replaced by Roy Hodgson . Whilst at the club , De Boer attempted to implement a possession-based style of play ; after his sacking , he criticised the clubs players for their resistance to his approach , arguing that the club had signed only two players to fit his philosophy . Palace winger Wilfried Zaha commented on De Boers brief time at the club , stating There wasnt really the right mixture [ of players ] for the way we wanted to play . Referencing De Boers stint at Crystal Palace , José Mourinho described De Boer as the worst manager in the history of the Premier League . Atlanta United . On 23 December 2018 , De Boer was announced as the head coach of Major League Soccer side Atlanta United , succeeding Gerardo Tata Martino to become the second head coach in the clubs history . In his first season , the team won both the U.S . Open Cup and Campeones Cup , while in MLS action finishing second in the Eastern Conference and reaching the Eastern Conference final . On 24 July 2020 , following Atlantas elimination from the MLS is Back Tournament after losing all three of their matches , Atlanta and De Boer mutually agreed to part ways . Netherlands . On 23 September 2020 , the KNVB announced that De Boer would be the new manager of the countrys national football team , signing a contract until the end of 2022 . On 11 November 2020 , after a 1-1 draw with Spain , De Boer became the first ever Netherlands manager to fail to win any of his first 4 fixtures . Career statistics . International goals . ( Source ) Honours . Player . Ajax - Eredivisie ( 5 ) : 1989–90 , 1993–94 , 1994–95 , 1995–96 , 1997–98 - KNVB Cup ( 2 ) : 1992–93 , 1997–98 - Johan Cruijff Shield ( 3 ) : 1993 , 1994 , 1995 - UEFA Champions League : 1994–95 - UEFA Cup : 1991–92 - UEFA Super Cup : 1995 - Intercontinental Cup : 1995 Barcelona - La Liga : 1998–99 Al Rayyan - Emir of Qatar Cup : 2005 Netherlands - FIFA World Cup fourth place : 1998 Individual - ESM Team of the Year : 1995–96 - FIFA World Cup All-Star Team : 1998 - UEFA Euro Team of the Tournament : 2000 - Golden Foot : 2016 , as football legend Manager . Netherlands - FIFA World Cup Runner-up : 2010 ( assistant manager ) Ajax - Eredivisie ( 4 ) : 2010–11 , 2011–12 , 2012–13 , 2013–14 - Johan Cruyff Shield : 2013 Atlanta United - Campeones Cup : 2019 - U.S . Open Cup : 2019 Individual - Amsterdamse coach van het jaar ( De Fanny ) : 2012 , 2014 - Rinus Michels Award : 2013 , 2014 - JFKs Greatest Man Award : 2013 |
[
"Union of Armenians in Romania"
] | easy | Which party was Varujan Vosganian a member of from 1990 to 1995? | /wiki/Varujan_Vosganian#P102#0 | Varujan Vosganian Varujan Vosganian ( ; , born on 25 July 1958 ) is a Romanian politician , economist , essayist and poet of Armenian origin . Vosganian was Romanias Minister of Economy and Commerce ( 2006–2008 ) in the Tăriceanu cabinet and Minister of Economy in the Ponta cabinet ( 2012–2013 ) . He is the President of The Union of Armenians in Romania ( UAR , 1990–present ) and the Prime-vice president of the Union of Writers in Romania ( 2005–present ) . His books have been translated into more than 20 languages . Biography . Varujan Vosganian was born in Craiova to a family of Armenian ethnicity . His grandparents were survivors of the genocide against Armenian people which took place in the Ottoman Empire in 1915 . Vosganian studied at the Alexandru Ioan Cuza High School in Focșani . He then studied Commerce at the Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies ( graduated 1982 ) and Mathematics at the University of Bucharest ( graduated 1991 ) , gaining a Ph.D . in economics in 1998 . After participating in the Romanian Revolution in 1989 , he has been a member of the Romanian Parliament since the first free elections in 1990 . In 1990 , he became president of The Union of Armenians in Romania and he was twice ( 1990–1992 and 1992–1996 ) elected a member of the Chamber of Deputies , and a Senator ( 1996–2000 , on the lists of the Union of Right Forces , and 2004–2016 , on the lists of the National Liberal Party ) . Between 1996 and 2003 , he was the leader of the Union of Right Forces ( Uniunea Forţelor de Dreapta ) , a right wing liberal party , which eventually merged into the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) in 2003 . Having served as minister for Economy and Finance between 2006 and 2008 , Vosganian was minister of commerce from 2012 to 2013 . Since 2016 , he has been a member of the Chamber of Deputies on the lists of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe ( ALDE ) . Along with non-fiction works on economics , Vosganian has also published many essays and literary texts , such as a volume of poems , short stories and novels . The international recognition came with The Book of Whispers ( 2009 ) , translated in more than twenty languages . Presented in different events ( public lectures , essays , workshops , screenings and dramatisations ) in more than forty countries from all the continents , The Book of Whispers became the book-symbol against the crime of genocide . Vosganian speaks Armenian , Romanian , English , French , Italian , and Spanish . Prizes and awards . Literary prizes and awards - Prize of the Association of Writers in Bucharest for the best prose of the year – 1994 - Great Prize for Poetry Nichita Stănescu ( Chișinău , Republic of Moldavia ) – 2006 - Prize for the best book of the year , awarded by the Romania Literară literary magazine ( 2009 ) - Prize for the best prose of the year , awarded by Convorbiri Literare literary magazine ( 2009 ) - Prize for the best prose of the year , awarded by the Romanian Academy , 2009 - Prize for the best prose of the year and the Prize of readers , awarded by Observatorul Cultural Magazine ( 2010 ) - Prize for the best prose of the year , awarded by Viața Românească Literary Magazine – 2010 - Prize for the best prose of the year awarded by Argeș literary magazine ( 2010 ) - Nomination for the best prose of the year – Union of Writers in Romania ( 2009,2013 ) - Niram Art Prize for poetry Tristan Tzara and for prose Mihail Sebastian , awarded by Niram Art Foundation , Madrid , 2010 - Nomination for the best translation of the year , Leipzig Bookfair , 2014 - The Angelus Award , The Prize of the Readers Natalia Gorbanevskaia and The Prize for the best translation of the year , Wrocław , 2016 Other Awards : - Doctor Honoris Causa , awarded by Vasile Goldis University of Arad , 2006 - Romanian Academy Award for the contribution to the development of Romanian science and culture , 2006 - Gold Medal for Culture , awarded by the Government of Armenia , 2006 , 2013 - Order Nerses Shnorhali awarded by the Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church , 2006 - Ordine della Solidarieta Italiana awarded by President Giorgio Napolitano of Republic of Italy , 2008 - Order Cilician Knight awarded by the Great House of Cilicia Catholicosate , 2008 - St . Andrews Cross , awarded by the Romanian Patriarchate , 2008 - Medal Movses Khorenatzi awarded by President Serge Sarksian of Republic of Armenia , 2011 - Medal William Saroyan awarded by the Government of Armenia , 2012 Publications . Economics . - Jurnalul de front : articole economice , Bucharest , Staff , 1994 ; - Contradicțiile tranziției la o economie de piață , Bucharest , Expert , 1994 ; - Reforma piețelor financiare din România , Iași , Polirom , 1999 . Literature . - Copiii războiului ( The Children of War ) , novel , Polirom , 2016 - Cartea poemelor mele nescrise ( The Book of my Unwritten Poems ) , poems , Cartea Românească , 2015 – around 2500 books sold - Jocul celor o sută de frunze și alte povestiri ( The Game of Hundred Leaves and Other Stories ) , stories , Polirom , 2013 – around 3500 copies sold - Cartea șoaptelor ( The Book of Whispers ) , novel , Polirom , Iasi , 2009 , 2012 – more than 60.000 copies sold - Iisus cu o mie de brațe ( Jesus with a Thousand Arms ) , poems , Dacia , 2005 - Ochiul cel alb al reginei ( The White Eye of the Queen ) , poems , bilingual ( Romanian – English ) Cartea Romaneasca , 2001 - Statuia Comandorului ( The Statue of Commander ) , stories , Ararat , 1994 - Șamanul Albastru ( The Blue Shaman ) volume of poems , Ararat , 1994 Translations : - A kék sámán ( Șamanul Albastru ) , AB – ART ( 2009 ) , poems , Hungarian translation - El libro de los susurros ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Pre – Textos ( 2010 ) , Spanish translation by Joaquin Garrigos - Il libro dei sussurri ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Kellerdi Rovereto Trento ( 2011 ) , Italian translation by Anita Natascia Bernacchia - Șșukneri Matian ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Writers Union of Armenia ( 2012 ) , Antares ( 2014 , second edition ) , Armenian translation by Sergiu Selian - Sefer Halehishot ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Hakibbutz Hameuchad ( 2012 ) , Hebrew translation by Any Shilon - Le livre des chuchotements ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Editions des Syrtes ( 2013 ) , French translation by Laure Hinckel și Marily Le Nir - Viskningarnas bok ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , 2244 ( 2013 ) , Swedish translation by Inger Johansson - Buch des Flüsterns ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Zsolnay Verlag ( 2013 ) , Büchergilde Gutemberg ( 2015 ) , German translation by Ernest Wichner - Proșepnata kniga ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Avangard Print ( 2013 ) , Bulgarian translation by Vanina Bojikova - Suttogások könyve ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Orpheusz ( 2014 ) , Hungarian translation by Zsolt Karácsony - Livro dos Sussuros ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Digital edition ( 2015 ) , Portuguese translation by Ernest Wichner - Pecipeci name ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Ketabe Miamak ( 2015 ) , Persan translation by Garoon Sarkisean - Księga szeptów ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Książkowe Klimaty ( 2015 ) , Polish translation by Joanna Kornaś-Warwas - Het Boek der Fluisteringen ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Uitgeverij Pegasus ( 2015 ) , Dutch translation Jan Willem Bos - Kniha šepotů ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Havran ( 2016 ) , Czech translation by Jarmila Horakova - Igra na sto lista i drugi razkazi ( Jocul celor o sută de frunze și alte povestiri ) , SONM ( 2016 ) , Bulgarian translation by Vanina Bojikova - Das Spiel der hundert Blätter ( Jocul celor o sută de frunze și alte povestiri ) , Zsolnay Verlag ( 2016 ) , German translation by Ernest Wichner - Hviskingenes bok ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Bokvennen ( 2017 ) , Norwegian translation by Steinar Lone - Knjiga šapata ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Sandorf ( 2017 ) , Croatian translation by Ana Brnardic Oproiu and Adrian Oproiu - The Book of Whispers ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Yale University Press ( 2017 ) , English translation by Alistair Ian Blyth To be published in 2017–2018 : - Laguna Publishing House , Serbian translation of The Book of Whispers - V.Books – XXI , Ukrainian Translation of The Book of Whispers The Book of Whispers Other . - Founding member of the Romanian Society of Economy ( SOREC ) - Member of the Board of International Experts of the Centre for European Policy Studies based in Brussels ( 1992–1995 ) - Honorary member of the Scientific Council of the National Institute of Economic Foresight - Senior Researcher of the National Institute of Economics in Romania - Honorary Member of The Romanian Chamber of Commerce References . - CV at Varujan Vosganians site - Varujan Vosganian , comisar european , in Evenimentul Zilei , 25 October 2006 |
[
"Union of Right Forces",
"National Liberal Party"
] | easy | Which party was Varujan Vosganian a member of from 1995 to 2003? | /wiki/Varujan_Vosganian#P102#1 | Varujan Vosganian Varujan Vosganian ( ; , born on 25 July 1958 ) is a Romanian politician , economist , essayist and poet of Armenian origin . Vosganian was Romanias Minister of Economy and Commerce ( 2006–2008 ) in the Tăriceanu cabinet and Minister of Economy in the Ponta cabinet ( 2012–2013 ) . He is the President of The Union of Armenians in Romania ( UAR , 1990–present ) and the Prime-vice president of the Union of Writers in Romania ( 2005–present ) . His books have been translated into more than 20 languages . Biography . Varujan Vosganian was born in Craiova to a family of Armenian ethnicity . His grandparents were survivors of the genocide against Armenian people which took place in the Ottoman Empire in 1915 . Vosganian studied at the Alexandru Ioan Cuza High School in Focșani . He then studied Commerce at the Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies ( graduated 1982 ) and Mathematics at the University of Bucharest ( graduated 1991 ) , gaining a Ph.D . in economics in 1998 . After participating in the Romanian Revolution in 1989 , he has been a member of the Romanian Parliament since the first free elections in 1990 . In 1990 , he became president of The Union of Armenians in Romania and he was twice ( 1990–1992 and 1992–1996 ) elected a member of the Chamber of Deputies , and a Senator ( 1996–2000 , on the lists of the Union of Right Forces , and 2004–2016 , on the lists of the National Liberal Party ) . Between 1996 and 2003 , he was the leader of the Union of Right Forces ( Uniunea Forţelor de Dreapta ) , a right wing liberal party , which eventually merged into the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) in 2003 . Having served as minister for Economy and Finance between 2006 and 2008 , Vosganian was minister of commerce from 2012 to 2013 . Since 2016 , he has been a member of the Chamber of Deputies on the lists of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe ( ALDE ) . Along with non-fiction works on economics , Vosganian has also published many essays and literary texts , such as a volume of poems , short stories and novels . The international recognition came with The Book of Whispers ( 2009 ) , translated in more than twenty languages . Presented in different events ( public lectures , essays , workshops , screenings and dramatisations ) in more than forty countries from all the continents , The Book of Whispers became the book-symbol against the crime of genocide . Vosganian speaks Armenian , Romanian , English , French , Italian , and Spanish . Prizes and awards . Literary prizes and awards - Prize of the Association of Writers in Bucharest for the best prose of the year – 1994 - Great Prize for Poetry Nichita Stănescu ( Chișinău , Republic of Moldavia ) – 2006 - Prize for the best book of the year , awarded by the Romania Literară literary magazine ( 2009 ) - Prize for the best prose of the year , awarded by Convorbiri Literare literary magazine ( 2009 ) - Prize for the best prose of the year , awarded by the Romanian Academy , 2009 - Prize for the best prose of the year and the Prize of readers , awarded by Observatorul Cultural Magazine ( 2010 ) - Prize for the best prose of the year , awarded by Viața Românească Literary Magazine – 2010 - Prize for the best prose of the year awarded by Argeș literary magazine ( 2010 ) - Nomination for the best prose of the year – Union of Writers in Romania ( 2009,2013 ) - Niram Art Prize for poetry Tristan Tzara and for prose Mihail Sebastian , awarded by Niram Art Foundation , Madrid , 2010 - Nomination for the best translation of the year , Leipzig Bookfair , 2014 - The Angelus Award , The Prize of the Readers Natalia Gorbanevskaia and The Prize for the best translation of the year , Wrocław , 2016 Other Awards : - Doctor Honoris Causa , awarded by Vasile Goldis University of Arad , 2006 - Romanian Academy Award for the contribution to the development of Romanian science and culture , 2006 - Gold Medal for Culture , awarded by the Government of Armenia , 2006 , 2013 - Order Nerses Shnorhali awarded by the Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church , 2006 - Ordine della Solidarieta Italiana awarded by President Giorgio Napolitano of Republic of Italy , 2008 - Order Cilician Knight awarded by the Great House of Cilicia Catholicosate , 2008 - St . Andrews Cross , awarded by the Romanian Patriarchate , 2008 - Medal Movses Khorenatzi awarded by President Serge Sarksian of Republic of Armenia , 2011 - Medal William Saroyan awarded by the Government of Armenia , 2012 Publications . Economics . - Jurnalul de front : articole economice , Bucharest , Staff , 1994 ; - Contradicțiile tranziției la o economie de piață , Bucharest , Expert , 1994 ; - Reforma piețelor financiare din România , Iași , Polirom , 1999 . Literature . - Copiii războiului ( The Children of War ) , novel , Polirom , 2016 - Cartea poemelor mele nescrise ( The Book of my Unwritten Poems ) , poems , Cartea Românească , 2015 – around 2500 books sold - Jocul celor o sută de frunze și alte povestiri ( The Game of Hundred Leaves and Other Stories ) , stories , Polirom , 2013 – around 3500 copies sold - Cartea șoaptelor ( The Book of Whispers ) , novel , Polirom , Iasi , 2009 , 2012 – more than 60.000 copies sold - Iisus cu o mie de brațe ( Jesus with a Thousand Arms ) , poems , Dacia , 2005 - Ochiul cel alb al reginei ( The White Eye of the Queen ) , poems , bilingual ( Romanian – English ) Cartea Romaneasca , 2001 - Statuia Comandorului ( The Statue of Commander ) , stories , Ararat , 1994 - Șamanul Albastru ( The Blue Shaman ) volume of poems , Ararat , 1994 Translations : - A kék sámán ( Șamanul Albastru ) , AB – ART ( 2009 ) , poems , Hungarian translation - El libro de los susurros ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Pre – Textos ( 2010 ) , Spanish translation by Joaquin Garrigos - Il libro dei sussurri ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Kellerdi Rovereto Trento ( 2011 ) , Italian translation by Anita Natascia Bernacchia - Șșukneri Matian ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Writers Union of Armenia ( 2012 ) , Antares ( 2014 , second edition ) , Armenian translation by Sergiu Selian - Sefer Halehishot ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Hakibbutz Hameuchad ( 2012 ) , Hebrew translation by Any Shilon - Le livre des chuchotements ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Editions des Syrtes ( 2013 ) , French translation by Laure Hinckel și Marily Le Nir - Viskningarnas bok ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , 2244 ( 2013 ) , Swedish translation by Inger Johansson - Buch des Flüsterns ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Zsolnay Verlag ( 2013 ) , Büchergilde Gutemberg ( 2015 ) , German translation by Ernest Wichner - Proșepnata kniga ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Avangard Print ( 2013 ) , Bulgarian translation by Vanina Bojikova - Suttogások könyve ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Orpheusz ( 2014 ) , Hungarian translation by Zsolt Karácsony - Livro dos Sussuros ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Digital edition ( 2015 ) , Portuguese translation by Ernest Wichner - Pecipeci name ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Ketabe Miamak ( 2015 ) , Persan translation by Garoon Sarkisean - Księga szeptów ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Książkowe Klimaty ( 2015 ) , Polish translation by Joanna Kornaś-Warwas - Het Boek der Fluisteringen ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Uitgeverij Pegasus ( 2015 ) , Dutch translation Jan Willem Bos - Kniha šepotů ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Havran ( 2016 ) , Czech translation by Jarmila Horakova - Igra na sto lista i drugi razkazi ( Jocul celor o sută de frunze și alte povestiri ) , SONM ( 2016 ) , Bulgarian translation by Vanina Bojikova - Das Spiel der hundert Blätter ( Jocul celor o sută de frunze și alte povestiri ) , Zsolnay Verlag ( 2016 ) , German translation by Ernest Wichner - Hviskingenes bok ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Bokvennen ( 2017 ) , Norwegian translation by Steinar Lone - Knjiga šapata ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Sandorf ( 2017 ) , Croatian translation by Ana Brnardic Oproiu and Adrian Oproiu - The Book of Whispers ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Yale University Press ( 2017 ) , English translation by Alistair Ian Blyth To be published in 2017–2018 : - Laguna Publishing House , Serbian translation of The Book of Whispers - V.Books – XXI , Ukrainian Translation of The Book of Whispers The Book of Whispers Other . - Founding member of the Romanian Society of Economy ( SOREC ) - Member of the Board of International Experts of the Centre for European Policy Studies based in Brussels ( 1992–1995 ) - Honorary member of the Scientific Council of the National Institute of Economic Foresight - Senior Researcher of the National Institute of Economics in Romania - Honorary Member of The Romanian Chamber of Commerce References . - CV at Varujan Vosganians site - Varujan Vosganian , comisar european , in Evenimentul Zilei , 25 October 2006 |
[
"National Liberal Party"
] | easy | Which political party did Varujan Vosganian belong to from 2003 to 2015? | /wiki/Varujan_Vosganian#P102#2 | Varujan Vosganian Varujan Vosganian ( ; , born on 25 July 1958 ) is a Romanian politician , economist , essayist and poet of Armenian origin . Vosganian was Romanias Minister of Economy and Commerce ( 2006–2008 ) in the Tăriceanu cabinet and Minister of Economy in the Ponta cabinet ( 2012–2013 ) . He is the President of The Union of Armenians in Romania ( UAR , 1990–present ) and the Prime-vice president of the Union of Writers in Romania ( 2005–present ) . His books have been translated into more than 20 languages . Biography . Varujan Vosganian was born in Craiova to a family of Armenian ethnicity . His grandparents were survivors of the genocide against Armenian people which took place in the Ottoman Empire in 1915 . Vosganian studied at the Alexandru Ioan Cuza High School in Focșani . He then studied Commerce at the Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies ( graduated 1982 ) and Mathematics at the University of Bucharest ( graduated 1991 ) , gaining a Ph.D . in economics in 1998 . After participating in the Romanian Revolution in 1989 , he has been a member of the Romanian Parliament since the first free elections in 1990 . In 1990 , he became president of The Union of Armenians in Romania and he was twice ( 1990–1992 and 1992–1996 ) elected a member of the Chamber of Deputies , and a Senator ( 1996–2000 , on the lists of the Union of Right Forces , and 2004–2016 , on the lists of the National Liberal Party ) . Between 1996 and 2003 , he was the leader of the Union of Right Forces ( Uniunea Forţelor de Dreapta ) , a right wing liberal party , which eventually merged into the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) in 2003 . Having served as minister for Economy and Finance between 2006 and 2008 , Vosganian was minister of commerce from 2012 to 2013 . Since 2016 , he has been a member of the Chamber of Deputies on the lists of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe ( ALDE ) . Along with non-fiction works on economics , Vosganian has also published many essays and literary texts , such as a volume of poems , short stories and novels . The international recognition came with The Book of Whispers ( 2009 ) , translated in more than twenty languages . Presented in different events ( public lectures , essays , workshops , screenings and dramatisations ) in more than forty countries from all the continents , The Book of Whispers became the book-symbol against the crime of genocide . Vosganian speaks Armenian , Romanian , English , French , Italian , and Spanish . Prizes and awards . Literary prizes and awards - Prize of the Association of Writers in Bucharest for the best prose of the year – 1994 - Great Prize for Poetry Nichita Stănescu ( Chișinău , Republic of Moldavia ) – 2006 - Prize for the best book of the year , awarded by the Romania Literară literary magazine ( 2009 ) - Prize for the best prose of the year , awarded by Convorbiri Literare literary magazine ( 2009 ) - Prize for the best prose of the year , awarded by the Romanian Academy , 2009 - Prize for the best prose of the year and the Prize of readers , awarded by Observatorul Cultural Magazine ( 2010 ) - Prize for the best prose of the year , awarded by Viața Românească Literary Magazine – 2010 - Prize for the best prose of the year awarded by Argeș literary magazine ( 2010 ) - Nomination for the best prose of the year – Union of Writers in Romania ( 2009,2013 ) - Niram Art Prize for poetry Tristan Tzara and for prose Mihail Sebastian , awarded by Niram Art Foundation , Madrid , 2010 - Nomination for the best translation of the year , Leipzig Bookfair , 2014 - The Angelus Award , The Prize of the Readers Natalia Gorbanevskaia and The Prize for the best translation of the year , Wrocław , 2016 Other Awards : - Doctor Honoris Causa , awarded by Vasile Goldis University of Arad , 2006 - Romanian Academy Award for the contribution to the development of Romanian science and culture , 2006 - Gold Medal for Culture , awarded by the Government of Armenia , 2006 , 2013 - Order Nerses Shnorhali awarded by the Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church , 2006 - Ordine della Solidarieta Italiana awarded by President Giorgio Napolitano of Republic of Italy , 2008 - Order Cilician Knight awarded by the Great House of Cilicia Catholicosate , 2008 - St . Andrews Cross , awarded by the Romanian Patriarchate , 2008 - Medal Movses Khorenatzi awarded by President Serge Sarksian of Republic of Armenia , 2011 - Medal William Saroyan awarded by the Government of Armenia , 2012 Publications . Economics . - Jurnalul de front : articole economice , Bucharest , Staff , 1994 ; - Contradicțiile tranziției la o economie de piață , Bucharest , Expert , 1994 ; - Reforma piețelor financiare din România , Iași , Polirom , 1999 . Literature . - Copiii războiului ( The Children of War ) , novel , Polirom , 2016 - Cartea poemelor mele nescrise ( The Book of my Unwritten Poems ) , poems , Cartea Românească , 2015 – around 2500 books sold - Jocul celor o sută de frunze și alte povestiri ( The Game of Hundred Leaves and Other Stories ) , stories , Polirom , 2013 – around 3500 copies sold - Cartea șoaptelor ( The Book of Whispers ) , novel , Polirom , Iasi , 2009 , 2012 – more than 60.000 copies sold - Iisus cu o mie de brațe ( Jesus with a Thousand Arms ) , poems , Dacia , 2005 - Ochiul cel alb al reginei ( The White Eye of the Queen ) , poems , bilingual ( Romanian – English ) Cartea Romaneasca , 2001 - Statuia Comandorului ( The Statue of Commander ) , stories , Ararat , 1994 - Șamanul Albastru ( The Blue Shaman ) volume of poems , Ararat , 1994 Translations : - A kék sámán ( Șamanul Albastru ) , AB – ART ( 2009 ) , poems , Hungarian translation - El libro de los susurros ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Pre – Textos ( 2010 ) , Spanish translation by Joaquin Garrigos - Il libro dei sussurri ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Kellerdi Rovereto Trento ( 2011 ) , Italian translation by Anita Natascia Bernacchia - Șșukneri Matian ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Writers Union of Armenia ( 2012 ) , Antares ( 2014 , second edition ) , Armenian translation by Sergiu Selian - Sefer Halehishot ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Hakibbutz Hameuchad ( 2012 ) , Hebrew translation by Any Shilon - Le livre des chuchotements ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Editions des Syrtes ( 2013 ) , French translation by Laure Hinckel și Marily Le Nir - Viskningarnas bok ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , 2244 ( 2013 ) , Swedish translation by Inger Johansson - Buch des Flüsterns ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Zsolnay Verlag ( 2013 ) , Büchergilde Gutemberg ( 2015 ) , German translation by Ernest Wichner - Proșepnata kniga ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Avangard Print ( 2013 ) , Bulgarian translation by Vanina Bojikova - Suttogások könyve ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Orpheusz ( 2014 ) , Hungarian translation by Zsolt Karácsony - Livro dos Sussuros ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Digital edition ( 2015 ) , Portuguese translation by Ernest Wichner - Pecipeci name ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Ketabe Miamak ( 2015 ) , Persan translation by Garoon Sarkisean - Księga szeptów ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Książkowe Klimaty ( 2015 ) , Polish translation by Joanna Kornaś-Warwas - Het Boek der Fluisteringen ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Uitgeverij Pegasus ( 2015 ) , Dutch translation Jan Willem Bos - Kniha šepotů ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Havran ( 2016 ) , Czech translation by Jarmila Horakova - Igra na sto lista i drugi razkazi ( Jocul celor o sută de frunze și alte povestiri ) , SONM ( 2016 ) , Bulgarian translation by Vanina Bojikova - Das Spiel der hundert Blätter ( Jocul celor o sută de frunze și alte povestiri ) , Zsolnay Verlag ( 2016 ) , German translation by Ernest Wichner - Hviskingenes bok ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Bokvennen ( 2017 ) , Norwegian translation by Steinar Lone - Knjiga šapata ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Sandorf ( 2017 ) , Croatian translation by Ana Brnardic Oproiu and Adrian Oproiu - The Book of Whispers ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Yale University Press ( 2017 ) , English translation by Alistair Ian Blyth To be published in 2017–2018 : - Laguna Publishing House , Serbian translation of The Book of Whispers - V.Books – XXI , Ukrainian Translation of The Book of Whispers The Book of Whispers Other . - Founding member of the Romanian Society of Economy ( SOREC ) - Member of the Board of International Experts of the Centre for European Policy Studies based in Brussels ( 1992–1995 ) - Honorary member of the Scientific Council of the National Institute of Economic Foresight - Senior Researcher of the National Institute of Economics in Romania - Honorary Member of The Romanian Chamber of Commerce References . - CV at Varujan Vosganians site - Varujan Vosganian , comisar european , in Evenimentul Zilei , 25 October 2006 |
[
"Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe"
] | easy | Which political party did Varujan Vosganian belong to from 2015 to 2016? | /wiki/Varujan_Vosganian#P102#3 | Varujan Vosganian Varujan Vosganian ( ; , born on 25 July 1958 ) is a Romanian politician , economist , essayist and poet of Armenian origin . Vosganian was Romanias Minister of Economy and Commerce ( 2006–2008 ) in the Tăriceanu cabinet and Minister of Economy in the Ponta cabinet ( 2012–2013 ) . He is the President of The Union of Armenians in Romania ( UAR , 1990–present ) and the Prime-vice president of the Union of Writers in Romania ( 2005–present ) . His books have been translated into more than 20 languages . Biography . Varujan Vosganian was born in Craiova to a family of Armenian ethnicity . His grandparents were survivors of the genocide against Armenian people which took place in the Ottoman Empire in 1915 . Vosganian studied at the Alexandru Ioan Cuza High School in Focșani . He then studied Commerce at the Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies ( graduated 1982 ) and Mathematics at the University of Bucharest ( graduated 1991 ) , gaining a Ph.D . in economics in 1998 . After participating in the Romanian Revolution in 1989 , he has been a member of the Romanian Parliament since the first free elections in 1990 . In 1990 , he became president of The Union of Armenians in Romania and he was twice ( 1990–1992 and 1992–1996 ) elected a member of the Chamber of Deputies , and a Senator ( 1996–2000 , on the lists of the Union of Right Forces , and 2004–2016 , on the lists of the National Liberal Party ) . Between 1996 and 2003 , he was the leader of the Union of Right Forces ( Uniunea Forţelor de Dreapta ) , a right wing liberal party , which eventually merged into the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) in 2003 . Having served as minister for Economy and Finance between 2006 and 2008 , Vosganian was minister of commerce from 2012 to 2013 . Since 2016 , he has been a member of the Chamber of Deputies on the lists of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe ( ALDE ) . Along with non-fiction works on economics , Vosganian has also published many essays and literary texts , such as a volume of poems , short stories and novels . The international recognition came with The Book of Whispers ( 2009 ) , translated in more than twenty languages . Presented in different events ( public lectures , essays , workshops , screenings and dramatisations ) in more than forty countries from all the continents , The Book of Whispers became the book-symbol against the crime of genocide . Vosganian speaks Armenian , Romanian , English , French , Italian , and Spanish . Prizes and awards . Literary prizes and awards - Prize of the Association of Writers in Bucharest for the best prose of the year – 1994 - Great Prize for Poetry Nichita Stănescu ( Chișinău , Republic of Moldavia ) – 2006 - Prize for the best book of the year , awarded by the Romania Literară literary magazine ( 2009 ) - Prize for the best prose of the year , awarded by Convorbiri Literare literary magazine ( 2009 ) - Prize for the best prose of the year , awarded by the Romanian Academy , 2009 - Prize for the best prose of the year and the Prize of readers , awarded by Observatorul Cultural Magazine ( 2010 ) - Prize for the best prose of the year , awarded by Viața Românească Literary Magazine – 2010 - Prize for the best prose of the year awarded by Argeș literary magazine ( 2010 ) - Nomination for the best prose of the year – Union of Writers in Romania ( 2009,2013 ) - Niram Art Prize for poetry Tristan Tzara and for prose Mihail Sebastian , awarded by Niram Art Foundation , Madrid , 2010 - Nomination for the best translation of the year , Leipzig Bookfair , 2014 - The Angelus Award , The Prize of the Readers Natalia Gorbanevskaia and The Prize for the best translation of the year , Wrocław , 2016 Other Awards : - Doctor Honoris Causa , awarded by Vasile Goldis University of Arad , 2006 - Romanian Academy Award for the contribution to the development of Romanian science and culture , 2006 - Gold Medal for Culture , awarded by the Government of Armenia , 2006 , 2013 - Order Nerses Shnorhali awarded by the Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church , 2006 - Ordine della Solidarieta Italiana awarded by President Giorgio Napolitano of Republic of Italy , 2008 - Order Cilician Knight awarded by the Great House of Cilicia Catholicosate , 2008 - St . Andrews Cross , awarded by the Romanian Patriarchate , 2008 - Medal Movses Khorenatzi awarded by President Serge Sarksian of Republic of Armenia , 2011 - Medal William Saroyan awarded by the Government of Armenia , 2012 Publications . Economics . - Jurnalul de front : articole economice , Bucharest , Staff , 1994 ; - Contradicțiile tranziției la o economie de piață , Bucharest , Expert , 1994 ; - Reforma piețelor financiare din România , Iași , Polirom , 1999 . Literature . - Copiii războiului ( The Children of War ) , novel , Polirom , 2016 - Cartea poemelor mele nescrise ( The Book of my Unwritten Poems ) , poems , Cartea Românească , 2015 – around 2500 books sold - Jocul celor o sută de frunze și alte povestiri ( The Game of Hundred Leaves and Other Stories ) , stories , Polirom , 2013 – around 3500 copies sold - Cartea șoaptelor ( The Book of Whispers ) , novel , Polirom , Iasi , 2009 , 2012 – more than 60.000 copies sold - Iisus cu o mie de brațe ( Jesus with a Thousand Arms ) , poems , Dacia , 2005 - Ochiul cel alb al reginei ( The White Eye of the Queen ) , poems , bilingual ( Romanian – English ) Cartea Romaneasca , 2001 - Statuia Comandorului ( The Statue of Commander ) , stories , Ararat , 1994 - Șamanul Albastru ( The Blue Shaman ) volume of poems , Ararat , 1994 Translations : - A kék sámán ( Șamanul Albastru ) , AB – ART ( 2009 ) , poems , Hungarian translation - El libro de los susurros ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Pre – Textos ( 2010 ) , Spanish translation by Joaquin Garrigos - Il libro dei sussurri ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Kellerdi Rovereto Trento ( 2011 ) , Italian translation by Anita Natascia Bernacchia - Șșukneri Matian ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Writers Union of Armenia ( 2012 ) , Antares ( 2014 , second edition ) , Armenian translation by Sergiu Selian - Sefer Halehishot ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Hakibbutz Hameuchad ( 2012 ) , Hebrew translation by Any Shilon - Le livre des chuchotements ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Editions des Syrtes ( 2013 ) , French translation by Laure Hinckel și Marily Le Nir - Viskningarnas bok ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , 2244 ( 2013 ) , Swedish translation by Inger Johansson - Buch des Flüsterns ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Zsolnay Verlag ( 2013 ) , Büchergilde Gutemberg ( 2015 ) , German translation by Ernest Wichner - Proșepnata kniga ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Avangard Print ( 2013 ) , Bulgarian translation by Vanina Bojikova - Suttogások könyve ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Orpheusz ( 2014 ) , Hungarian translation by Zsolt Karácsony - Livro dos Sussuros ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Digital edition ( 2015 ) , Portuguese translation by Ernest Wichner - Pecipeci name ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Ketabe Miamak ( 2015 ) , Persan translation by Garoon Sarkisean - Księga szeptów ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Książkowe Klimaty ( 2015 ) , Polish translation by Joanna Kornaś-Warwas - Het Boek der Fluisteringen ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Uitgeverij Pegasus ( 2015 ) , Dutch translation Jan Willem Bos - Kniha šepotů ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Havran ( 2016 ) , Czech translation by Jarmila Horakova - Igra na sto lista i drugi razkazi ( Jocul celor o sută de frunze și alte povestiri ) , SONM ( 2016 ) , Bulgarian translation by Vanina Bojikova - Das Spiel der hundert Blätter ( Jocul celor o sută de frunze și alte povestiri ) , Zsolnay Verlag ( 2016 ) , German translation by Ernest Wichner - Hviskingenes bok ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Bokvennen ( 2017 ) , Norwegian translation by Steinar Lone - Knjiga šapata ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Sandorf ( 2017 ) , Croatian translation by Ana Brnardic Oproiu and Adrian Oproiu - The Book of Whispers ( Cartea șoaptelor ) , Yale University Press ( 2017 ) , English translation by Alistair Ian Blyth To be published in 2017–2018 : - Laguna Publishing House , Serbian translation of The Book of Whispers - V.Books – XXI , Ukrainian Translation of The Book of Whispers The Book of Whispers Other . - Founding member of the Romanian Society of Economy ( SOREC ) - Member of the Board of International Experts of the Centre for European Policy Studies based in Brussels ( 1992–1995 ) - Honorary member of the Scientific Council of the National Institute of Economic Foresight - Senior Researcher of the National Institute of Economics in Romania - Honorary Member of The Romanian Chamber of Commerce References . - CV at Varujan Vosganians site - Varujan Vosganian , comisar european , in Evenimentul Zilei , 25 October 2006 |
[
"Benfica"
] | easy | Paulo Sousa played for which team from 1989 to 1991? | /wiki/Paulo_Sousa#P54#0 | Paulo Sousa Paulo Manuel Carvalho de Sousa , ( ; born 30 August 1970 ) is a Portuguese football manager and former professional player who played as a defensive midfielder . He is the head coach of the Poland national team . Starting his career at Benfica , he also represented Sporting in his country , where he amassed Primeira Liga totals of 117 matches and three goals in five years . From there onwards , he competed mainly in Italy and in Germany , winning the Champions League with Juventus and Borussia Dortmund and the Intercontinental Cup with the latter side . His later career was severely hampered by injuries . Sousa was a member of Portugals Golden Generation . and appeared with the national team at the 2002 World Cup and two European Championships . He took up coaching in the late 2000s , managing clubs in several countries and winning national championships with Maccabi Tel Aviv and Basel . Playing career . Club . Born in Viseu , Sousa began playing professionally for S.L . Benfica , and was a starter from an early age . He won the Primeira Liga championship in 1990–91 , and the Taça de Portugal two years later . In the summer of 1993 , Sousa signed for Lisbon neighbours Sporting CP together with his teammate António Pacheco . In one season , he partnered Luís Figo and Krasimir Balakov in midfield and the Lions did not win any silverware . Sousa played with Juventus F.C . for two seasons after joining in 1994 , leading the Turin side to the 1995–96 conquest of the UEFA Champions League . He also won the previous years Serie A , adding the domestic cup and supercups and also finishing as runners-up in the UEFA Cup . Sousa then moved to Germany to play for Borussia Dortmund , where he repeated the Champions League triumph the following campaign . The final was against his former club Juventus and , although he appeared in that game , his Dortmund spell was plagued with injuries , which followed him the remainder of his career . Sousa subsequently returned to Italy to play for Inter Milan , and eventually retired in summer 2002 at the age of 31 , after briefly representing Parma A.C . on loan , Panathinaikos F.C . and RCD Espanyol . International . A member of the Portugal squad that won the 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship , Sousa went on to earn 51 caps for the senior national team . His international debut came on 16 January 1991 , in a friendly against Spain that ended in a 1–1 draw . Sousa played for his country at UEFA Euro 1996 and 2000 , and was a squad member at the 2002 FIFA World Cup , but did not take part in a single match . His last appearance came shortly before the latter competition , a 2–0 friendly win over China . Style of play . Sousa was a hard-working , tactically intelligent and versatile player , who was effective both offensively and defensively , courtesy of his anticipation and ability to read the game , although he was not known for his speed . Although he was usually classified as a hard-tackling defensive midfielder , he also possessed excellent vision and control , and was often deployed as a deep-lying playmaker throughout his career due to his passing accuracy , technique and ability to control the tempo of his teams play ; his playing style drew comparisons with Paulo Roberto Falcão throughout his career . In addition to his skill and creative abilities , Sousa was also renowned for his leadership . Coaching career . Portugal national teams . Sousa began working as a manager by joining the coaching staff of the Portugal national team , taking the helm of the under-16s , and in the summer of 2008 he was appointed assistant to first-team coach Carlos Queiroz , his former boss at Sporting and the Portuguese youths . Queens Park Rangers . On 19 November 2008 , Sousa was appointed head coach of Championship team Queens Park Rangers . However , on 9 April 2009 , he was sacked , as the club claimed he had divulged sensitive information without permission from the hierarchy , which included Dexter Blackstocks loan move to Nottingham Forest having been agreed without his knowledge . Swansea City . Following Roberto Martínezs move to Wigan Athletic , Sousa was offered the role as Swansea City manager on 18 June 2009 . He verbally accepted the deal , signing a three-year contract , and was officially appointed on the 23rd . During the league campaign , Sousa led Swansea to its highest league finish for 27 years ( seventh ) , just outside the play-offs . On 4 July 2010 , he departed by mutual consent , set to take the vacant post at Leicester City . Leicester City . Sousa became the new manager of Leicester City on 7 July 2010 . Owner Milan Mandarić stated that he was delighted to acquire a manager of such great calibre , adding he was the right man to take our club forward . On 1 October 2010 , after less than three months in charge , Sousa was fired after a poor start to the season , with the team having won only once in his first nine league games . Videoton . On 15 May 2011 , Sousa signed a three-year contract with Hungarian club Videoton FC , newly crowned champions of the Nemzeti Bajnokság I . He made his competitive debut in the Champions League qualifying round to SK Sturm Graz in a 0–2 away loss , followed by an insufficient 3–2 home win . On 30 August 2012 , the day of his 42nd birthday , Videoton hosted Trabzonspor in the seasons Europa League last qualifying round . After the 4–2 penalty shoot-out win ( 0–0 after 120 minutes ) , he stated : The qualification was the most beautiful birthday of my life . On 7 January 2013 , Videoton announced that they had agreed to terminate Sousas contract due to family reasons . That same day , it was reported that he would become the new manager of the New York Red Bulls , but nothing came of it . Maccabi Tel Aviv . On 12 June 2013 , Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C . officially appointed Sousa as its head coach . He won the Israeli Premier League in his first and only season in charge . Basel . Sousa changed clubs and countries again on 28 May 2014 , signing a three-year contract with FC Basel in the Swiss Super League . He left on 17 June of the following year , after again winning the national championship . Fiorentina . On 21 June 2015 , Sousa joined Serie A club ACF Fiorentina . He left on 6 June 2017 , following the appointment of Stefano Pioli . Tianjin Quanjian . On 6 November 2017 , Sousa signed for Tianjin Quanjian F.C . of the Chinese Super League , replacing Fabio Cannavaro . On 4 October of the following year , he left his post . Bordeaux . Sousa became FC Girondins de Bordeauxs third coach of the season on 8 March 2019 after Gus Poyet and Ricardo Gomes , agreeing to a three-and-a-half-year deal . Having come 12th in his only full season , disputes with the board led to his resignation on 10 August 2020 . Poland . On 21 January 2021 , Polish Football Association president Zbigniew Boniek announced Sousa as the head coach of the Poland national team ; the latter replaced Jerzy Brzęczek , who had been dismissed shortly after in spite of achieving qualification for Euro 2020 . In his first match in charge , on 25 March , his side drew 3–3 against Hungary in the 2022 World Cup qualification . Honours . Player . Benfica - Primeira Divisão : 1990–91 - Taça de Portugal : 1992–93 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira : 1989 Juventus - Serie A : 1994–95 - Coppa Italia : 1994–95 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1995 - UEFA Champions League : 1995–96 Borussia Dortmund - DFB-Supercup : 1996 - UEFA Champions League : 1996–97 - Intercontinental Cup : 1997 Portugal - FIFA U-20 World Cup : 1989 - UEFA European Championship third place : 2000 Individual - Guerin dOro : 1995 Manager . Videoton - Ligakupa : 2011–12 - Szuperkupa : 2011 , 2012 Maccabi Tel Aviv - Israeli Premier League : 2013–14 Basel - Swiss Super League : 2014–15 External links . - National team data |
[
"Benfica"
] | easy | Which team did Paulo Sousa play for from 1993 to 1994? | /wiki/Paulo_Sousa#P54#1 | Paulo Sousa Paulo Manuel Carvalho de Sousa , ( ; born 30 August 1970 ) is a Portuguese football manager and former professional player who played as a defensive midfielder . He is the head coach of the Poland national team . Starting his career at Benfica , he also represented Sporting in his country , where he amassed Primeira Liga totals of 117 matches and three goals in five years . From there onwards , he competed mainly in Italy and in Germany , winning the Champions League with Juventus and Borussia Dortmund and the Intercontinental Cup with the latter side . His later career was severely hampered by injuries . Sousa was a member of Portugals Golden Generation . and appeared with the national team at the 2002 World Cup and two European Championships . He took up coaching in the late 2000s , managing clubs in several countries and winning national championships with Maccabi Tel Aviv and Basel . Playing career . Club . Born in Viseu , Sousa began playing professionally for S.L . Benfica , and was a starter from an early age . He won the Primeira Liga championship in 1990–91 , and the Taça de Portugal two years later . In the summer of 1993 , Sousa signed for Lisbon neighbours Sporting CP together with his teammate António Pacheco . In one season , he partnered Luís Figo and Krasimir Balakov in midfield and the Lions did not win any silverware . Sousa played with Juventus F.C . for two seasons after joining in 1994 , leading the Turin side to the 1995–96 conquest of the UEFA Champions League . He also won the previous years Serie A , adding the domestic cup and supercups and also finishing as runners-up in the UEFA Cup . Sousa then moved to Germany to play for Borussia Dortmund , where he repeated the Champions League triumph the following campaign . The final was against his former club Juventus and , although he appeared in that game , his Dortmund spell was plagued with injuries , which followed him the remainder of his career . Sousa subsequently returned to Italy to play for Inter Milan , and eventually retired in summer 2002 at the age of 31 , after briefly representing Parma A.C . on loan , Panathinaikos F.C . and RCD Espanyol . International . A member of the Portugal squad that won the 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship , Sousa went on to earn 51 caps for the senior national team . His international debut came on 16 January 1991 , in a friendly against Spain that ended in a 1–1 draw . Sousa played for his country at UEFA Euro 1996 and 2000 , and was a squad member at the 2002 FIFA World Cup , but did not take part in a single match . His last appearance came shortly before the latter competition , a 2–0 friendly win over China . Style of play . Sousa was a hard-working , tactically intelligent and versatile player , who was effective both offensively and defensively , courtesy of his anticipation and ability to read the game , although he was not known for his speed . Although he was usually classified as a hard-tackling defensive midfielder , he also possessed excellent vision and control , and was often deployed as a deep-lying playmaker throughout his career due to his passing accuracy , technique and ability to control the tempo of his teams play ; his playing style drew comparisons with Paulo Roberto Falcão throughout his career . In addition to his skill and creative abilities , Sousa was also renowned for his leadership . Coaching career . Portugal national teams . Sousa began working as a manager by joining the coaching staff of the Portugal national team , taking the helm of the under-16s , and in the summer of 2008 he was appointed assistant to first-team coach Carlos Queiroz , his former boss at Sporting and the Portuguese youths . Queens Park Rangers . On 19 November 2008 , Sousa was appointed head coach of Championship team Queens Park Rangers . However , on 9 April 2009 , he was sacked , as the club claimed he had divulged sensitive information without permission from the hierarchy , which included Dexter Blackstocks loan move to Nottingham Forest having been agreed without his knowledge . Swansea City . Following Roberto Martínezs move to Wigan Athletic , Sousa was offered the role as Swansea City manager on 18 June 2009 . He verbally accepted the deal , signing a three-year contract , and was officially appointed on the 23rd . During the league campaign , Sousa led Swansea to its highest league finish for 27 years ( seventh ) , just outside the play-offs . On 4 July 2010 , he departed by mutual consent , set to take the vacant post at Leicester City . Leicester City . Sousa became the new manager of Leicester City on 7 July 2010 . Owner Milan Mandarić stated that he was delighted to acquire a manager of such great calibre , adding he was the right man to take our club forward . On 1 October 2010 , after less than three months in charge , Sousa was fired after a poor start to the season , with the team having won only once in his first nine league games . Videoton . On 15 May 2011 , Sousa signed a three-year contract with Hungarian club Videoton FC , newly crowned champions of the Nemzeti Bajnokság I . He made his competitive debut in the Champions League qualifying round to SK Sturm Graz in a 0–2 away loss , followed by an insufficient 3–2 home win . On 30 August 2012 , the day of his 42nd birthday , Videoton hosted Trabzonspor in the seasons Europa League last qualifying round . After the 4–2 penalty shoot-out win ( 0–0 after 120 minutes ) , he stated : The qualification was the most beautiful birthday of my life . On 7 January 2013 , Videoton announced that they had agreed to terminate Sousas contract due to family reasons . That same day , it was reported that he would become the new manager of the New York Red Bulls , but nothing came of it . Maccabi Tel Aviv . On 12 June 2013 , Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C . officially appointed Sousa as its head coach . He won the Israeli Premier League in his first and only season in charge . Basel . Sousa changed clubs and countries again on 28 May 2014 , signing a three-year contract with FC Basel in the Swiss Super League . He left on 17 June of the following year , after again winning the national championship . Fiorentina . On 21 June 2015 , Sousa joined Serie A club ACF Fiorentina . He left on 6 June 2017 , following the appointment of Stefano Pioli . Tianjin Quanjian . On 6 November 2017 , Sousa signed for Tianjin Quanjian F.C . of the Chinese Super League , replacing Fabio Cannavaro . On 4 October of the following year , he left his post . Bordeaux . Sousa became FC Girondins de Bordeauxs third coach of the season on 8 March 2019 after Gus Poyet and Ricardo Gomes , agreeing to a three-and-a-half-year deal . Having come 12th in his only full season , disputes with the board led to his resignation on 10 August 2020 . Poland . On 21 January 2021 , Polish Football Association president Zbigniew Boniek announced Sousa as the head coach of the Poland national team ; the latter replaced Jerzy Brzęczek , who had been dismissed shortly after in spite of achieving qualification for Euro 2020 . In his first match in charge , on 25 March , his side drew 3–3 against Hungary in the 2022 World Cup qualification . Honours . Player . Benfica - Primeira Divisão : 1990–91 - Taça de Portugal : 1992–93 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira : 1989 Juventus - Serie A : 1994–95 - Coppa Italia : 1994–95 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1995 - UEFA Champions League : 1995–96 Borussia Dortmund - DFB-Supercup : 1996 - UEFA Champions League : 1996–97 - Intercontinental Cup : 1997 Portugal - FIFA U-20 World Cup : 1989 - UEFA European Championship third place : 2000 Individual - Guerin dOro : 1995 Manager . Videoton - Ligakupa : 2011–12 - Szuperkupa : 2011 , 2012 Maccabi Tel Aviv - Israeli Premier League : 2013–14 Basel - Swiss Super League : 2014–15 External links . - National team data |
[
"Juventus F.C"
] | easy | Which team did Paulo Sousa play for from 1994 to 1996? | /wiki/Paulo_Sousa#P54#2 | Paulo Sousa Paulo Manuel Carvalho de Sousa , ( ; born 30 August 1970 ) is a Portuguese football manager and former professional player who played as a defensive midfielder . He is the head coach of the Poland national team . Starting his career at Benfica , he also represented Sporting in his country , where he amassed Primeira Liga totals of 117 matches and three goals in five years . From there onwards , he competed mainly in Italy and in Germany , winning the Champions League with Juventus and Borussia Dortmund and the Intercontinental Cup with the latter side . His later career was severely hampered by injuries . Sousa was a member of Portugals Golden Generation . and appeared with the national team at the 2002 World Cup and two European Championships . He took up coaching in the late 2000s , managing clubs in several countries and winning national championships with Maccabi Tel Aviv and Basel . Playing career . Club . Born in Viseu , Sousa began playing professionally for S.L . Benfica , and was a starter from an early age . He won the Primeira Liga championship in 1990–91 , and the Taça de Portugal two years later . In the summer of 1993 , Sousa signed for Lisbon neighbours Sporting CP together with his teammate António Pacheco . In one season , he partnered Luís Figo and Krasimir Balakov in midfield and the Lions did not win any silverware . Sousa played with Juventus F.C . for two seasons after joining in 1994 , leading the Turin side to the 1995–96 conquest of the UEFA Champions League . He also won the previous years Serie A , adding the domestic cup and supercups and also finishing as runners-up in the UEFA Cup . Sousa then moved to Germany to play for Borussia Dortmund , where he repeated the Champions League triumph the following campaign . The final was against his former club Juventus and , although he appeared in that game , his Dortmund spell was plagued with injuries , which followed him the remainder of his career . Sousa subsequently returned to Italy to play for Inter Milan , and eventually retired in summer 2002 at the age of 31 , after briefly representing Parma A.C . on loan , Panathinaikos F.C . and RCD Espanyol . International . A member of the Portugal squad that won the 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship , Sousa went on to earn 51 caps for the senior national team . His international debut came on 16 January 1991 , in a friendly against Spain that ended in a 1–1 draw . Sousa played for his country at UEFA Euro 1996 and 2000 , and was a squad member at the 2002 FIFA World Cup , but did not take part in a single match . His last appearance came shortly before the latter competition , a 2–0 friendly win over China . Style of play . Sousa was a hard-working , tactically intelligent and versatile player , who was effective both offensively and defensively , courtesy of his anticipation and ability to read the game , although he was not known for his speed . Although he was usually classified as a hard-tackling defensive midfielder , he also possessed excellent vision and control , and was often deployed as a deep-lying playmaker throughout his career due to his passing accuracy , technique and ability to control the tempo of his teams play ; his playing style drew comparisons with Paulo Roberto Falcão throughout his career . In addition to his skill and creative abilities , Sousa was also renowned for his leadership . Coaching career . Portugal national teams . Sousa began working as a manager by joining the coaching staff of the Portugal national team , taking the helm of the under-16s , and in the summer of 2008 he was appointed assistant to first-team coach Carlos Queiroz , his former boss at Sporting and the Portuguese youths . Queens Park Rangers . On 19 November 2008 , Sousa was appointed head coach of Championship team Queens Park Rangers . However , on 9 April 2009 , he was sacked , as the club claimed he had divulged sensitive information without permission from the hierarchy , which included Dexter Blackstocks loan move to Nottingham Forest having been agreed without his knowledge . Swansea City . Following Roberto Martínezs move to Wigan Athletic , Sousa was offered the role as Swansea City manager on 18 June 2009 . He verbally accepted the deal , signing a three-year contract , and was officially appointed on the 23rd . During the league campaign , Sousa led Swansea to its highest league finish for 27 years ( seventh ) , just outside the play-offs . On 4 July 2010 , he departed by mutual consent , set to take the vacant post at Leicester City . Leicester City . Sousa became the new manager of Leicester City on 7 July 2010 . Owner Milan Mandarić stated that he was delighted to acquire a manager of such great calibre , adding he was the right man to take our club forward . On 1 October 2010 , after less than three months in charge , Sousa was fired after a poor start to the season , with the team having won only once in his first nine league games . Videoton . On 15 May 2011 , Sousa signed a three-year contract with Hungarian club Videoton FC , newly crowned champions of the Nemzeti Bajnokság I . He made his competitive debut in the Champions League qualifying round to SK Sturm Graz in a 0–2 away loss , followed by an insufficient 3–2 home win . On 30 August 2012 , the day of his 42nd birthday , Videoton hosted Trabzonspor in the seasons Europa League last qualifying round . After the 4–2 penalty shoot-out win ( 0–0 after 120 minutes ) , he stated : The qualification was the most beautiful birthday of my life . On 7 January 2013 , Videoton announced that they had agreed to terminate Sousas contract due to family reasons . That same day , it was reported that he would become the new manager of the New York Red Bulls , but nothing came of it . Maccabi Tel Aviv . On 12 June 2013 , Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C . officially appointed Sousa as its head coach . He won the Israeli Premier League in his first and only season in charge . Basel . Sousa changed clubs and countries again on 28 May 2014 , signing a three-year contract with FC Basel in the Swiss Super League . He left on 17 June of the following year , after again winning the national championship . Fiorentina . On 21 June 2015 , Sousa joined Serie A club ACF Fiorentina . He left on 6 June 2017 , following the appointment of Stefano Pioli . Tianjin Quanjian . On 6 November 2017 , Sousa signed for Tianjin Quanjian F.C . of the Chinese Super League , replacing Fabio Cannavaro . On 4 October of the following year , he left his post . Bordeaux . Sousa became FC Girondins de Bordeauxs third coach of the season on 8 March 2019 after Gus Poyet and Ricardo Gomes , agreeing to a three-and-a-half-year deal . Having come 12th in his only full season , disputes with the board led to his resignation on 10 August 2020 . Poland . On 21 January 2021 , Polish Football Association president Zbigniew Boniek announced Sousa as the head coach of the Poland national team ; the latter replaced Jerzy Brzęczek , who had been dismissed shortly after in spite of achieving qualification for Euro 2020 . In his first match in charge , on 25 March , his side drew 3–3 against Hungary in the 2022 World Cup qualification . Honours . Player . Benfica - Primeira Divisão : 1990–91 - Taça de Portugal : 1992–93 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira : 1989 Juventus - Serie A : 1994–95 - Coppa Italia : 1994–95 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1995 - UEFA Champions League : 1995–96 Borussia Dortmund - DFB-Supercup : 1996 - UEFA Champions League : 1996–97 - Intercontinental Cup : 1997 Portugal - FIFA U-20 World Cup : 1989 - UEFA European Championship third place : 2000 Individual - Guerin dOro : 1995 Manager . Videoton - Ligakupa : 2011–12 - Szuperkupa : 2011 , 2012 Maccabi Tel Aviv - Israeli Premier League : 2013–14 Basel - Swiss Super League : 2014–15 External links . - National team data |
[
"Borussia Dortmund"
] | easy | Paulo Sousa played for which team from 1996 to 1997? | /wiki/Paulo_Sousa#P54#3 | Paulo Sousa Paulo Manuel Carvalho de Sousa , ( ; born 30 August 1970 ) is a Portuguese football manager and former professional player who played as a defensive midfielder . He is the head coach of the Poland national team . Starting his career at Benfica , he also represented Sporting in his country , where he amassed Primeira Liga totals of 117 matches and three goals in five years . From there onwards , he competed mainly in Italy and in Germany , winning the Champions League with Juventus and Borussia Dortmund and the Intercontinental Cup with the latter side . His later career was severely hampered by injuries . Sousa was a member of Portugals Golden Generation . and appeared with the national team at the 2002 World Cup and two European Championships . He took up coaching in the late 2000s , managing clubs in several countries and winning national championships with Maccabi Tel Aviv and Basel . Playing career . Club . Born in Viseu , Sousa began playing professionally for S.L . Benfica , and was a starter from an early age . He won the Primeira Liga championship in 1990–91 , and the Taça de Portugal two years later . In the summer of 1993 , Sousa signed for Lisbon neighbours Sporting CP together with his teammate António Pacheco . In one season , he partnered Luís Figo and Krasimir Balakov in midfield and the Lions did not win any silverware . Sousa played with Juventus F.C . for two seasons after joining in 1994 , leading the Turin side to the 1995–96 conquest of the UEFA Champions League . He also won the previous years Serie A , adding the domestic cup and supercups and also finishing as runners-up in the UEFA Cup . Sousa then moved to Germany to play for Borussia Dortmund , where he repeated the Champions League triumph the following campaign . The final was against his former club Juventus and , although he appeared in that game , his Dortmund spell was plagued with injuries , which followed him the remainder of his career . Sousa subsequently returned to Italy to play for Inter Milan , and eventually retired in summer 2002 at the age of 31 , after briefly representing Parma A.C . on loan , Panathinaikos F.C . and RCD Espanyol . International . A member of the Portugal squad that won the 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship , Sousa went on to earn 51 caps for the senior national team . His international debut came on 16 January 1991 , in a friendly against Spain that ended in a 1–1 draw . Sousa played for his country at UEFA Euro 1996 and 2000 , and was a squad member at the 2002 FIFA World Cup , but did not take part in a single match . His last appearance came shortly before the latter competition , a 2–0 friendly win over China . Style of play . Sousa was a hard-working , tactically intelligent and versatile player , who was effective both offensively and defensively , courtesy of his anticipation and ability to read the game , although he was not known for his speed . Although he was usually classified as a hard-tackling defensive midfielder , he also possessed excellent vision and control , and was often deployed as a deep-lying playmaker throughout his career due to his passing accuracy , technique and ability to control the tempo of his teams play ; his playing style drew comparisons with Paulo Roberto Falcão throughout his career . In addition to his skill and creative abilities , Sousa was also renowned for his leadership . Coaching career . Portugal national teams . Sousa began working as a manager by joining the coaching staff of the Portugal national team , taking the helm of the under-16s , and in the summer of 2008 he was appointed assistant to first-team coach Carlos Queiroz , his former boss at Sporting and the Portuguese youths . Queens Park Rangers . On 19 November 2008 , Sousa was appointed head coach of Championship team Queens Park Rangers . However , on 9 April 2009 , he was sacked , as the club claimed he had divulged sensitive information without permission from the hierarchy , which included Dexter Blackstocks loan move to Nottingham Forest having been agreed without his knowledge . Swansea City . Following Roberto Martínezs move to Wigan Athletic , Sousa was offered the role as Swansea City manager on 18 June 2009 . He verbally accepted the deal , signing a three-year contract , and was officially appointed on the 23rd . During the league campaign , Sousa led Swansea to its highest league finish for 27 years ( seventh ) , just outside the play-offs . On 4 July 2010 , he departed by mutual consent , set to take the vacant post at Leicester City . Leicester City . Sousa became the new manager of Leicester City on 7 July 2010 . Owner Milan Mandarić stated that he was delighted to acquire a manager of such great calibre , adding he was the right man to take our club forward . On 1 October 2010 , after less than three months in charge , Sousa was fired after a poor start to the season , with the team having won only once in his first nine league games . Videoton . On 15 May 2011 , Sousa signed a three-year contract with Hungarian club Videoton FC , newly crowned champions of the Nemzeti Bajnokság I . He made his competitive debut in the Champions League qualifying round to SK Sturm Graz in a 0–2 away loss , followed by an insufficient 3–2 home win . On 30 August 2012 , the day of his 42nd birthday , Videoton hosted Trabzonspor in the seasons Europa League last qualifying round . After the 4–2 penalty shoot-out win ( 0–0 after 120 minutes ) , he stated : The qualification was the most beautiful birthday of my life . On 7 January 2013 , Videoton announced that they had agreed to terminate Sousas contract due to family reasons . That same day , it was reported that he would become the new manager of the New York Red Bulls , but nothing came of it . Maccabi Tel Aviv . On 12 June 2013 , Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C . officially appointed Sousa as its head coach . He won the Israeli Premier League in his first and only season in charge . Basel . Sousa changed clubs and countries again on 28 May 2014 , signing a three-year contract with FC Basel in the Swiss Super League . He left on 17 June of the following year , after again winning the national championship . Fiorentina . On 21 June 2015 , Sousa joined Serie A club ACF Fiorentina . He left on 6 June 2017 , following the appointment of Stefano Pioli . Tianjin Quanjian . On 6 November 2017 , Sousa signed for Tianjin Quanjian F.C . of the Chinese Super League , replacing Fabio Cannavaro . On 4 October of the following year , he left his post . Bordeaux . Sousa became FC Girondins de Bordeauxs third coach of the season on 8 March 2019 after Gus Poyet and Ricardo Gomes , agreeing to a three-and-a-half-year deal . Having come 12th in his only full season , disputes with the board led to his resignation on 10 August 2020 . Poland . On 21 January 2021 , Polish Football Association president Zbigniew Boniek announced Sousa as the head coach of the Poland national team ; the latter replaced Jerzy Brzęczek , who had been dismissed shortly after in spite of achieving qualification for Euro 2020 . In his first match in charge , on 25 March , his side drew 3–3 against Hungary in the 2022 World Cup qualification . Honours . Player . Benfica - Primeira Divisão : 1990–91 - Taça de Portugal : 1992–93 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira : 1989 Juventus - Serie A : 1994–95 - Coppa Italia : 1994–95 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1995 - UEFA Champions League : 1995–96 Borussia Dortmund - DFB-Supercup : 1996 - UEFA Champions League : 1996–97 - Intercontinental Cup : 1997 Portugal - FIFA U-20 World Cup : 1989 - UEFA European Championship third place : 2000 Individual - Guerin dOro : 1995 Manager . Videoton - Ligakupa : 2011–12 - Szuperkupa : 2011 , 2012 Maccabi Tel Aviv - Israeli Premier League : 2013–14 Basel - Swiss Super League : 2014–15 External links . - National team data |
[
"Inter Milan"
] | easy | Paulo Sousa played for which team from 1998 to 2000? | /wiki/Paulo_Sousa#P54#4 | Paulo Sousa Paulo Manuel Carvalho de Sousa , ( ; born 30 August 1970 ) is a Portuguese football manager and former professional player who played as a defensive midfielder . He is the head coach of the Poland national team . Starting his career at Benfica , he also represented Sporting in his country , where he amassed Primeira Liga totals of 117 matches and three goals in five years . From there onwards , he competed mainly in Italy and in Germany , winning the Champions League with Juventus and Borussia Dortmund and the Intercontinental Cup with the latter side . His later career was severely hampered by injuries . Sousa was a member of Portugals Golden Generation . and appeared with the national team at the 2002 World Cup and two European Championships . He took up coaching in the late 2000s , managing clubs in several countries and winning national championships with Maccabi Tel Aviv and Basel . Playing career . Club . Born in Viseu , Sousa began playing professionally for S.L . Benfica , and was a starter from an early age . He won the Primeira Liga championship in 1990–91 , and the Taça de Portugal two years later . In the summer of 1993 , Sousa signed for Lisbon neighbours Sporting CP together with his teammate António Pacheco . In one season , he partnered Luís Figo and Krasimir Balakov in midfield and the Lions did not win any silverware . Sousa played with Juventus F.C . for two seasons after joining in 1994 , leading the Turin side to the 1995–96 conquest of the UEFA Champions League . He also won the previous years Serie A , adding the domestic cup and supercups and also finishing as runners-up in the UEFA Cup . Sousa then moved to Germany to play for Borussia Dortmund , where he repeated the Champions League triumph the following campaign . The final was against his former club Juventus and , although he appeared in that game , his Dortmund spell was plagued with injuries , which followed him the remainder of his career . Sousa subsequently returned to Italy to play for Inter Milan , and eventually retired in summer 2002 at the age of 31 , after briefly representing Parma A.C . on loan , Panathinaikos F.C . and RCD Espanyol . International . A member of the Portugal squad that won the 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship , Sousa went on to earn 51 caps for the senior national team . His international debut came on 16 January 1991 , in a friendly against Spain that ended in a 1–1 draw . Sousa played for his country at UEFA Euro 1996 and 2000 , and was a squad member at the 2002 FIFA World Cup , but did not take part in a single match . His last appearance came shortly before the latter competition , a 2–0 friendly win over China . Style of play . Sousa was a hard-working , tactically intelligent and versatile player , who was effective both offensively and defensively , courtesy of his anticipation and ability to read the game , although he was not known for his speed . Although he was usually classified as a hard-tackling defensive midfielder , he also possessed excellent vision and control , and was often deployed as a deep-lying playmaker throughout his career due to his passing accuracy , technique and ability to control the tempo of his teams play ; his playing style drew comparisons with Paulo Roberto Falcão throughout his career . In addition to his skill and creative abilities , Sousa was also renowned for his leadership . Coaching career . Portugal national teams . Sousa began working as a manager by joining the coaching staff of the Portugal national team , taking the helm of the under-16s , and in the summer of 2008 he was appointed assistant to first-team coach Carlos Queiroz , his former boss at Sporting and the Portuguese youths . Queens Park Rangers . On 19 November 2008 , Sousa was appointed head coach of Championship team Queens Park Rangers . However , on 9 April 2009 , he was sacked , as the club claimed he had divulged sensitive information without permission from the hierarchy , which included Dexter Blackstocks loan move to Nottingham Forest having been agreed without his knowledge . Swansea City . Following Roberto Martínezs move to Wigan Athletic , Sousa was offered the role as Swansea City manager on 18 June 2009 . He verbally accepted the deal , signing a three-year contract , and was officially appointed on the 23rd . During the league campaign , Sousa led Swansea to its highest league finish for 27 years ( seventh ) , just outside the play-offs . On 4 July 2010 , he departed by mutual consent , set to take the vacant post at Leicester City . Leicester City . Sousa became the new manager of Leicester City on 7 July 2010 . Owner Milan Mandarić stated that he was delighted to acquire a manager of such great calibre , adding he was the right man to take our club forward . On 1 October 2010 , after less than three months in charge , Sousa was fired after a poor start to the season , with the team having won only once in his first nine league games . Videoton . On 15 May 2011 , Sousa signed a three-year contract with Hungarian club Videoton FC , newly crowned champions of the Nemzeti Bajnokság I . He made his competitive debut in the Champions League qualifying round to SK Sturm Graz in a 0–2 away loss , followed by an insufficient 3–2 home win . On 30 August 2012 , the day of his 42nd birthday , Videoton hosted Trabzonspor in the seasons Europa League last qualifying round . After the 4–2 penalty shoot-out win ( 0–0 after 120 minutes ) , he stated : The qualification was the most beautiful birthday of my life . On 7 January 2013 , Videoton announced that they had agreed to terminate Sousas contract due to family reasons . That same day , it was reported that he would become the new manager of the New York Red Bulls , but nothing came of it . Maccabi Tel Aviv . On 12 June 2013 , Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C . officially appointed Sousa as its head coach . He won the Israeli Premier League in his first and only season in charge . Basel . Sousa changed clubs and countries again on 28 May 2014 , signing a three-year contract with FC Basel in the Swiss Super League . He left on 17 June of the following year , after again winning the national championship . Fiorentina . On 21 June 2015 , Sousa joined Serie A club ACF Fiorentina . He left on 6 June 2017 , following the appointment of Stefano Pioli . Tianjin Quanjian . On 6 November 2017 , Sousa signed for Tianjin Quanjian F.C . of the Chinese Super League , replacing Fabio Cannavaro . On 4 October of the following year , he left his post . Bordeaux . Sousa became FC Girondins de Bordeauxs third coach of the season on 8 March 2019 after Gus Poyet and Ricardo Gomes , agreeing to a three-and-a-half-year deal . Having come 12th in his only full season , disputes with the board led to his resignation on 10 August 2020 . Poland . On 21 January 2021 , Polish Football Association president Zbigniew Boniek announced Sousa as the head coach of the Poland national team ; the latter replaced Jerzy Brzęczek , who had been dismissed shortly after in spite of achieving qualification for Euro 2020 . In his first match in charge , on 25 March , his side drew 3–3 against Hungary in the 2022 World Cup qualification . Honours . Player . Benfica - Primeira Divisão : 1990–91 - Taça de Portugal : 1992–93 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira : 1989 Juventus - Serie A : 1994–95 - Coppa Italia : 1994–95 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1995 - UEFA Champions League : 1995–96 Borussia Dortmund - DFB-Supercup : 1996 - UEFA Champions League : 1996–97 - Intercontinental Cup : 1997 Portugal - FIFA U-20 World Cup : 1989 - UEFA European Championship third place : 2000 Individual - Guerin dOro : 1995 Manager . Videoton - Ligakupa : 2011–12 - Szuperkupa : 2011 , 2012 Maccabi Tel Aviv - Israeli Premier League : 2013–14 Basel - Swiss Super League : 2014–15 External links . - National team data |
[
"Panathinaikos F.C"
] | easy | Which team did Paulo Sousa play for from 2000 to 2001? | /wiki/Paulo_Sousa#P54#5 | Paulo Sousa Paulo Manuel Carvalho de Sousa , ( ; born 30 August 1970 ) is a Portuguese football manager and former professional player who played as a defensive midfielder . He is the head coach of the Poland national team . Starting his career at Benfica , he also represented Sporting in his country , where he amassed Primeira Liga totals of 117 matches and three goals in five years . From there onwards , he competed mainly in Italy and in Germany , winning the Champions League with Juventus and Borussia Dortmund and the Intercontinental Cup with the latter side . His later career was severely hampered by injuries . Sousa was a member of Portugals Golden Generation . and appeared with the national team at the 2002 World Cup and two European Championships . He took up coaching in the late 2000s , managing clubs in several countries and winning national championships with Maccabi Tel Aviv and Basel . Playing career . Club . Born in Viseu , Sousa began playing professionally for S.L . Benfica , and was a starter from an early age . He won the Primeira Liga championship in 1990–91 , and the Taça de Portugal two years later . In the summer of 1993 , Sousa signed for Lisbon neighbours Sporting CP together with his teammate António Pacheco . In one season , he partnered Luís Figo and Krasimir Balakov in midfield and the Lions did not win any silverware . Sousa played with Juventus F.C . for two seasons after joining in 1994 , leading the Turin side to the 1995–96 conquest of the UEFA Champions League . He also won the previous years Serie A , adding the domestic cup and supercups and also finishing as runners-up in the UEFA Cup . Sousa then moved to Germany to play for Borussia Dortmund , where he repeated the Champions League triumph the following campaign . The final was against his former club Juventus and , although he appeared in that game , his Dortmund spell was plagued with injuries , which followed him the remainder of his career . Sousa subsequently returned to Italy to play for Inter Milan , and eventually retired in summer 2002 at the age of 31 , after briefly representing Parma A.C . on loan , Panathinaikos F.C . and RCD Espanyol . International . A member of the Portugal squad that won the 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship , Sousa went on to earn 51 caps for the senior national team . His international debut came on 16 January 1991 , in a friendly against Spain that ended in a 1–1 draw . Sousa played for his country at UEFA Euro 1996 and 2000 , and was a squad member at the 2002 FIFA World Cup , but did not take part in a single match . His last appearance came shortly before the latter competition , a 2–0 friendly win over China . Style of play . Sousa was a hard-working , tactically intelligent and versatile player , who was effective both offensively and defensively , courtesy of his anticipation and ability to read the game , although he was not known for his speed . Although he was usually classified as a hard-tackling defensive midfielder , he also possessed excellent vision and control , and was often deployed as a deep-lying playmaker throughout his career due to his passing accuracy , technique and ability to control the tempo of his teams play ; his playing style drew comparisons with Paulo Roberto Falcão throughout his career . In addition to his skill and creative abilities , Sousa was also renowned for his leadership . Coaching career . Portugal national teams . Sousa began working as a manager by joining the coaching staff of the Portugal national team , taking the helm of the under-16s , and in the summer of 2008 he was appointed assistant to first-team coach Carlos Queiroz , his former boss at Sporting and the Portuguese youths . Queens Park Rangers . On 19 November 2008 , Sousa was appointed head coach of Championship team Queens Park Rangers . However , on 9 April 2009 , he was sacked , as the club claimed he had divulged sensitive information without permission from the hierarchy , which included Dexter Blackstocks loan move to Nottingham Forest having been agreed without his knowledge . Swansea City . Following Roberto Martínezs move to Wigan Athletic , Sousa was offered the role as Swansea City manager on 18 June 2009 . He verbally accepted the deal , signing a three-year contract , and was officially appointed on the 23rd . During the league campaign , Sousa led Swansea to its highest league finish for 27 years ( seventh ) , just outside the play-offs . On 4 July 2010 , he departed by mutual consent , set to take the vacant post at Leicester City . Leicester City . Sousa became the new manager of Leicester City on 7 July 2010 . Owner Milan Mandarić stated that he was delighted to acquire a manager of such great calibre , adding he was the right man to take our club forward . On 1 October 2010 , after less than three months in charge , Sousa was fired after a poor start to the season , with the team having won only once in his first nine league games . Videoton . On 15 May 2011 , Sousa signed a three-year contract with Hungarian club Videoton FC , newly crowned champions of the Nemzeti Bajnokság I . He made his competitive debut in the Champions League qualifying round to SK Sturm Graz in a 0–2 away loss , followed by an insufficient 3–2 home win . On 30 August 2012 , the day of his 42nd birthday , Videoton hosted Trabzonspor in the seasons Europa League last qualifying round . After the 4–2 penalty shoot-out win ( 0–0 after 120 minutes ) , he stated : The qualification was the most beautiful birthday of my life . On 7 January 2013 , Videoton announced that they had agreed to terminate Sousas contract due to family reasons . That same day , it was reported that he would become the new manager of the New York Red Bulls , but nothing came of it . Maccabi Tel Aviv . On 12 June 2013 , Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C . officially appointed Sousa as its head coach . He won the Israeli Premier League in his first and only season in charge . Basel . Sousa changed clubs and countries again on 28 May 2014 , signing a three-year contract with FC Basel in the Swiss Super League . He left on 17 June of the following year , after again winning the national championship . Fiorentina . On 21 June 2015 , Sousa joined Serie A club ACF Fiorentina . He left on 6 June 2017 , following the appointment of Stefano Pioli . Tianjin Quanjian . On 6 November 2017 , Sousa signed for Tianjin Quanjian F.C . of the Chinese Super League , replacing Fabio Cannavaro . On 4 October of the following year , he left his post . Bordeaux . Sousa became FC Girondins de Bordeauxs third coach of the season on 8 March 2019 after Gus Poyet and Ricardo Gomes , agreeing to a three-and-a-half-year deal . Having come 12th in his only full season , disputes with the board led to his resignation on 10 August 2020 . Poland . On 21 January 2021 , Polish Football Association president Zbigniew Boniek announced Sousa as the head coach of the Poland national team ; the latter replaced Jerzy Brzęczek , who had been dismissed shortly after in spite of achieving qualification for Euro 2020 . In his first match in charge , on 25 March , his side drew 3–3 against Hungary in the 2022 World Cup qualification . Honours . Player . Benfica - Primeira Divisão : 1990–91 - Taça de Portugal : 1992–93 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira : 1989 Juventus - Serie A : 1994–95 - Coppa Italia : 1994–95 - Supercoppa Italiana : 1995 - UEFA Champions League : 1995–96 Borussia Dortmund - DFB-Supercup : 1996 - UEFA Champions League : 1996–97 - Intercontinental Cup : 1997 Portugal - FIFA U-20 World Cup : 1989 - UEFA European Championship third place : 2000 Individual - Guerin dOro : 1995 Manager . Videoton - Ligakupa : 2011–12 - Szuperkupa : 2011 , 2012 Maccabi Tel Aviv - Israeli Premier League : 2013–14 Basel - Swiss Super League : 2014–15 External links . - National team data |
[
"United States Air Forces School of Advanced Airpower Studies",
"Dartmouth College"
] | easy | What was the name of the employer Robert Pape work for from 1991 to 1996? | /wiki/Robert_Pape#P108#0 | Robert Pape Robert Anthony Pape Jr . ( born April 24 , 1960 ) is an American political scientist who studies national and international security affairs , with a focus on air power , American and international political violence , social media propaganda , and terrorism . He is currently a professor of political science at the University of Chicago and founder and director of the Chicago Project on Security and Threats ( CPOST ) . Career . Pape graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1982 from the University of Pittsburgh , where he was a Harry S . Truman Scholar majoring in political science . He earned his Ph.D . from the University of Chicago in 1988 in the same field . He taught international relations at Dartmouth College from 1994 to 1999 and at the United States Air Forces School of Advanced Airpower Studies from 1991 to 1994 . Since 1999 , he has taught at the University of Chicago , where he is now tenured . Pape has been the director of the graduate studies department of political science as well as the chair of the Committee on International Relations at the University of Chicago . During the 2008 presidential campaign , Pape served as an adviser to Democrat Barack Obama . During the same campaign , he was also briefly an advisor on Iraq to Republican Ron Paul . CPOST . After presenting preliminary data on his research into suicide terrorism in the American Political Science Review in 2003 , Pape founded the Chicago Project on Security and Threats ( originally , Chicago Project on Security and Terrorism ) , which he directs . The project is funded by the Carnegie Corporation , the Pentagons Defense Threat Reduction Agency , the University of Chicago , and the Argonne National Laboratory . In December 2009 , Security Studies published an issue on terrorism featuring content exclusively from CPOST . Research . Bombing to Win . Pape published his first full-length book in 1996 , Bombing to Win : Air Power and Coercion in War , which questions the conventional wisdom that coercive air power ( i.e . bombing , etc. ) is both effective and relatively cheap . Rather than motivating citizens of a bombed nation to rise up against their government , coercive air power often backfires , resulting in a citizenry that more resilient and loyal . Pape also argues that air power and land power should be integrated and used together in a hammer and anvil fashion . A 1999 RAND Corporation report report funded by the U.S . Air Force ( USAF ) explored the role of air power as a coercive instrument , contesting Papes argument . They concluded that , Although the United States and the USAF have scored some notable successes , the record is mixed . Horowitz and Reiter applied multivariate probit analysis [ to ] all instances of air power coercion from 1917 to 1999 , and which matched Papes qualitative assessment that attacking military targets has improved the chances of success , but higher levels of civilian vulnerability have no effect on the chances of coercion success . Dying to Win . Papes ( 2005 ) contradicts many widely held beliefs about suicide terrorism . Pape argues that there is little connection between suicide terrorism and Islamic fundamentalism , or any one of the worlds religions.. . Rather , what nearly all suicide terrorist attacks have in common is a specific secular and strategic goal : to compel modern democracies to withdraw military forces from territory that the terrorists consider to be their homeland . Pape also presents evidence that the majority of suicide terrorists do not come from impoverished or uneducated backgrounds , but rather have middle class origins and a significant level of education . In a criticism of Papes link between occupation and suicide terrorism , an article titled Design , Inference , and the Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism ( published in The American Political Science Review ) , authors Scott Ashworth , Joshua D . Clinton , Adam Meirowitz , and Kristopher W . Ramsay from Princeton charged Pape with sampling on the dependent variable by limiting research only to cases in which suicide terror was used . Similar criticisms were made by Michael C . Horowitz , who concludes the presence of a occupying power is not a statistically significant indicator of likelihood to incite suicide terrorism . In response , Pape argues that his research design is sufficient because it collected the universe of known cases of suicide terrorism . In a rejoinder , Ashworth et al . discuss how even large samples of the dependent variable cannot be used to explain variation in outcomes , why suicide terrorism in some places but not others , if the sample does not vary . Assaf Moghadam has also criticized Papes conclusions . Cutting the Fuse and Security Studies Special Issue . Papes Cutting the Fuse : The Explosion of Global Suicide Terrorism and How to Stop It is co-authored with James K . Feldman , was published in 2010 . Cutting the Fuse evaluates more than 2100 suicide attacks ( 6 times the number evaluated in Dying to Win ) in an attempt to identify key factors that explain the ebb and flow of suicide terrorist campaigns . The book recommends that nations to avoid stationing troops where they will be perceived as occupiers threatening local culture and institutions or coercing the government of an occupied state to do things that would be perceived as benefiting the occupiers at the expense of the local population . When occupation is necessary , minimize the threat to local culture by helping local officials to do things they might otherwise want to do but didnt previously have the ability and by treating collateral damage with great sensitivity . Pape also edited the special issue , “What’s New about Research on Terrorism,” Security Studies ( 18.4 ) , a leading peer-reviewed journal in international relations . Work on humanitarian intervention . In 1997 and 1998 , Pape published two articles examining the efficacy of economic sanctions . Pape contests the validity of international economic sanctions in achieving policy goals , judging that only 5% can legitimately be considered successes , as opposed to 34% claimed in the work of other scholars . One of these scholars , Kimberly Ann Elliot , responded to Papes initial piece , suggesting that Pape had mischaracterized the data , and that his views on economic sanctions and Elliots views on economic sanctions were not terribly different . Papes response , in the same issue of International Security , insisted that he had not mischaracterized the data , and that his view of economic sanctions is meaningfully different from the picture put forth by Elliot and others . Pape also published several articles analyzing the Arab Spring in 2013 . Work on social media , propaganda , and neuroscience . In 2015 , Pape and neuroscientist Jean Decety received a $3.4 million grant from the Department of Defenses Minerva Research Initiative to study the social and neurological construction of martyrdom . In May 2019 , Pape participated in the Christchurch Call , a plan launched by New Zealand PM Jacinda Ardern and French President Emmanuel Macron to end the promotion of extremist content online . Pape also presented his research on ISIS propaganda videos to organizations such as the FBI , BOP , SSCI , NCTC , NSC , and SOCOM . In February 2020 , Pape and CPOST received a $1.5 million grant to study Arabic-language propaganda . Work on international and American political violence . Pape began studying the causes and viable solutions to political violence in the 1990s , focusing on the 1992-1995 Bosnian War and the 1999 War in Kosovo . His work on suicide terrorism ( 2003 , 2005 , 2010 ) explained that it is mainly a form of political violence , while his work on humanitarian intervention ( 2012 ) centered on appropriate international responses to political violence related to the Arab Spring in Libya and Syria . In 2017 , Pape published an analysis of political violence in Iraq , Afghanistan , Pakistan . In January 2018 , Pape testified before the House Subcommittee on National Security on the military defeat of ISIS . In August 2019 , Pape briefed the National Security Council on an over-the-horizon counter-terrorism strategy to end the War in Afghanistan . In November 2019 , Pape and the UN Counter-Terrorism Executive Directorate ( CTED ) co-hosted a colloquium at the University of Chicago discussing ways to improve responses to future terrorist attacks and advance academic research on the impact of militant political violence and terrorism . In 2020 , Pape published the results of his analysis of the impact of the deployment of US Department of Homeland Security agents on political violence in Portland and conducted research studies of the demographic profile of right wing extremists in the US from 2015-2020 . In 2021 , Pape published the first systematic study of the demographic profile and political geography of individuals arrested for assaulting the US Capitol on January 6 , 2021 , which received significant attention in the media in the U.S . and internationally . Selected publications . Author . - Bombing to Win : Air Power and Coercion in War . Cornell University Press , 1996 . ( hardcover ) . ( paperback ) . Debated in Security Studies 7.2 ( Winter 1997/98 ) p . 93-214 and 7.3 ( Spring 1998 ) p . 182-228 . - . New York : Random House , 2005 . ( hardcover ) . London : Gibson Square 2006 ( updated ) . ( hardcover ) . - with James K . Feldman , Cutting the Fuse : The Explosion of Global Suicide Terrorism and How to Stop It . University of Chicago Press , 2010 . Academic articles . - Introducing the new CPOST dataset on suicide attacks , Journal of Peace Research , forthcoming ( 2021 ) . - EEG Distinguishes Heroic Narratives in ISIS Online Video Propaganda , Scientific Reports 10 , 19593 ( 2020 ) . - A Multilevel Social Neuroscience Perspective on Radicalization and Terrorism , Social Neuroscience 13.5 ( 2018 ) . - Days of Action or Restraint ? How the Islamic Calendar Impacts Violence , American Political Science Review 111.3 ( 2017 ) . - The American face of ISIS : Analysis of ISIS–related terrorism in the US March 2014–August 2016 Australian Strategic Policy Institute ( 2017 ) . - “Solving the Problem of Missing Perpetrator Information,” Journal of Conflict Resolution with Vincent Bauer and Keven Ruby ( 2015 ) . - “Reconsidering the Cases of Humanitarian Intervention,” International Security 38.2 ( Fall 2013 ) . - The True Worth of Air Power,” Foreign Affairs 83.2 ( March/April , 2004 ) . - The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism , American Political Science Review 97.3 ( August 2003 ) . - Why Economic Sanctions Do Not Work , International Security 22.2 ( Fall 1997 ) . - “Coercive Air Power in the Vietnam War,” International Security , 15.2 ( Fall 1990 ) . External links . - Pape participates in a panel on Suicide Bombing at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library - Chicago Project on Security and Threats website |
[
"Dartmouth College"
] | easy | Who did Robert Pape work for from 1996 to 1999? | /wiki/Robert_Pape#P108#1 | Robert Pape Robert Anthony Pape Jr . ( born April 24 , 1960 ) is an American political scientist who studies national and international security affairs , with a focus on air power , American and international political violence , social media propaganda , and terrorism . He is currently a professor of political science at the University of Chicago and founder and director of the Chicago Project on Security and Threats ( CPOST ) . Career . Pape graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1982 from the University of Pittsburgh , where he was a Harry S . Truman Scholar majoring in political science . He earned his Ph.D . from the University of Chicago in 1988 in the same field . He taught international relations at Dartmouth College from 1994 to 1999 and at the United States Air Forces School of Advanced Airpower Studies from 1991 to 1994 . Since 1999 , he has taught at the University of Chicago , where he is now tenured . Pape has been the director of the graduate studies department of political science as well as the chair of the Committee on International Relations at the University of Chicago . During the 2008 presidential campaign , Pape served as an adviser to Democrat Barack Obama . During the same campaign , he was also briefly an advisor on Iraq to Republican Ron Paul . CPOST . After presenting preliminary data on his research into suicide terrorism in the American Political Science Review in 2003 , Pape founded the Chicago Project on Security and Threats ( originally , Chicago Project on Security and Terrorism ) , which he directs . The project is funded by the Carnegie Corporation , the Pentagons Defense Threat Reduction Agency , the University of Chicago , and the Argonne National Laboratory . In December 2009 , Security Studies published an issue on terrorism featuring content exclusively from CPOST . Research . Bombing to Win . Pape published his first full-length book in 1996 , Bombing to Win : Air Power and Coercion in War , which questions the conventional wisdom that coercive air power ( i.e . bombing , etc. ) is both effective and relatively cheap . Rather than motivating citizens of a bombed nation to rise up against their government , coercive air power often backfires , resulting in a citizenry that more resilient and loyal . Pape also argues that air power and land power should be integrated and used together in a hammer and anvil fashion . A 1999 RAND Corporation report report funded by the U.S . Air Force ( USAF ) explored the role of air power as a coercive instrument , contesting Papes argument . They concluded that , Although the United States and the USAF have scored some notable successes , the record is mixed . Horowitz and Reiter applied multivariate probit analysis [ to ] all instances of air power coercion from 1917 to 1999 , and which matched Papes qualitative assessment that attacking military targets has improved the chances of success , but higher levels of civilian vulnerability have no effect on the chances of coercion success . Dying to Win . Papes ( 2005 ) contradicts many widely held beliefs about suicide terrorism . Pape argues that there is little connection between suicide terrorism and Islamic fundamentalism , or any one of the worlds religions.. . Rather , what nearly all suicide terrorist attacks have in common is a specific secular and strategic goal : to compel modern democracies to withdraw military forces from territory that the terrorists consider to be their homeland . Pape also presents evidence that the majority of suicide terrorists do not come from impoverished or uneducated backgrounds , but rather have middle class origins and a significant level of education . In a criticism of Papes link between occupation and suicide terrorism , an article titled Design , Inference , and the Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism ( published in The American Political Science Review ) , authors Scott Ashworth , Joshua D . Clinton , Adam Meirowitz , and Kristopher W . Ramsay from Princeton charged Pape with sampling on the dependent variable by limiting research only to cases in which suicide terror was used . Similar criticisms were made by Michael C . Horowitz , who concludes the presence of a occupying power is not a statistically significant indicator of likelihood to incite suicide terrorism . In response , Pape argues that his research design is sufficient because it collected the universe of known cases of suicide terrorism . In a rejoinder , Ashworth et al . discuss how even large samples of the dependent variable cannot be used to explain variation in outcomes , why suicide terrorism in some places but not others , if the sample does not vary . Assaf Moghadam has also criticized Papes conclusions . Cutting the Fuse and Security Studies Special Issue . Papes Cutting the Fuse : The Explosion of Global Suicide Terrorism and How to Stop It is co-authored with James K . Feldman , was published in 2010 . Cutting the Fuse evaluates more than 2100 suicide attacks ( 6 times the number evaluated in Dying to Win ) in an attempt to identify key factors that explain the ebb and flow of suicide terrorist campaigns . The book recommends that nations to avoid stationing troops where they will be perceived as occupiers threatening local culture and institutions or coercing the government of an occupied state to do things that would be perceived as benefiting the occupiers at the expense of the local population . When occupation is necessary , minimize the threat to local culture by helping local officials to do things they might otherwise want to do but didnt previously have the ability and by treating collateral damage with great sensitivity . Pape also edited the special issue , “What’s New about Research on Terrorism,” Security Studies ( 18.4 ) , a leading peer-reviewed journal in international relations . Work on humanitarian intervention . In 1997 and 1998 , Pape published two articles examining the efficacy of economic sanctions . Pape contests the validity of international economic sanctions in achieving policy goals , judging that only 5% can legitimately be considered successes , as opposed to 34% claimed in the work of other scholars . One of these scholars , Kimberly Ann Elliot , responded to Papes initial piece , suggesting that Pape had mischaracterized the data , and that his views on economic sanctions and Elliots views on economic sanctions were not terribly different . Papes response , in the same issue of International Security , insisted that he had not mischaracterized the data , and that his view of economic sanctions is meaningfully different from the picture put forth by Elliot and others . Pape also published several articles analyzing the Arab Spring in 2013 . Work on social media , propaganda , and neuroscience . In 2015 , Pape and neuroscientist Jean Decety received a $3.4 million grant from the Department of Defenses Minerva Research Initiative to study the social and neurological construction of martyrdom . In May 2019 , Pape participated in the Christchurch Call , a plan launched by New Zealand PM Jacinda Ardern and French President Emmanuel Macron to end the promotion of extremist content online . Pape also presented his research on ISIS propaganda videos to organizations such as the FBI , BOP , SSCI , NCTC , NSC , and SOCOM . In February 2020 , Pape and CPOST received a $1.5 million grant to study Arabic-language propaganda . Work on international and American political violence . Pape began studying the causes and viable solutions to political violence in the 1990s , focusing on the 1992-1995 Bosnian War and the 1999 War in Kosovo . His work on suicide terrorism ( 2003 , 2005 , 2010 ) explained that it is mainly a form of political violence , while his work on humanitarian intervention ( 2012 ) centered on appropriate international responses to political violence related to the Arab Spring in Libya and Syria . In 2017 , Pape published an analysis of political violence in Iraq , Afghanistan , Pakistan . In January 2018 , Pape testified before the House Subcommittee on National Security on the military defeat of ISIS . In August 2019 , Pape briefed the National Security Council on an over-the-horizon counter-terrorism strategy to end the War in Afghanistan . In November 2019 , Pape and the UN Counter-Terrorism Executive Directorate ( CTED ) co-hosted a colloquium at the University of Chicago discussing ways to improve responses to future terrorist attacks and advance academic research on the impact of militant political violence and terrorism . In 2020 , Pape published the results of his analysis of the impact of the deployment of US Department of Homeland Security agents on political violence in Portland and conducted research studies of the demographic profile of right wing extremists in the US from 2015-2020 . In 2021 , Pape published the first systematic study of the demographic profile and political geography of individuals arrested for assaulting the US Capitol on January 6 , 2021 , which received significant attention in the media in the U.S . and internationally . Selected publications . Author . - Bombing to Win : Air Power and Coercion in War . Cornell University Press , 1996 . ( hardcover ) . ( paperback ) . Debated in Security Studies 7.2 ( Winter 1997/98 ) p . 93-214 and 7.3 ( Spring 1998 ) p . 182-228 . - . New York : Random House , 2005 . ( hardcover ) . London : Gibson Square 2006 ( updated ) . ( hardcover ) . - with James K . Feldman , Cutting the Fuse : The Explosion of Global Suicide Terrorism and How to Stop It . University of Chicago Press , 2010 . Academic articles . - Introducing the new CPOST dataset on suicide attacks , Journal of Peace Research , forthcoming ( 2021 ) . - EEG Distinguishes Heroic Narratives in ISIS Online Video Propaganda , Scientific Reports 10 , 19593 ( 2020 ) . - A Multilevel Social Neuroscience Perspective on Radicalization and Terrorism , Social Neuroscience 13.5 ( 2018 ) . - Days of Action or Restraint ? How the Islamic Calendar Impacts Violence , American Political Science Review 111.3 ( 2017 ) . - The American face of ISIS : Analysis of ISIS–related terrorism in the US March 2014–August 2016 Australian Strategic Policy Institute ( 2017 ) . - “Solving the Problem of Missing Perpetrator Information,” Journal of Conflict Resolution with Vincent Bauer and Keven Ruby ( 2015 ) . - “Reconsidering the Cases of Humanitarian Intervention,” International Security 38.2 ( Fall 2013 ) . - The True Worth of Air Power,” Foreign Affairs 83.2 ( March/April , 2004 ) . - The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism , American Political Science Review 97.3 ( August 2003 ) . - Why Economic Sanctions Do Not Work , International Security 22.2 ( Fall 1997 ) . - “Coercive Air Power in the Vietnam War,” International Security , 15.2 ( Fall 1990 ) . External links . - Pape participates in a panel on Suicide Bombing at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library - Chicago Project on Security and Threats website |
[
"University of Chicago"
] | easy | Robert Pape was an employee for whom from 1999 to 2000? | /wiki/Robert_Pape#P108#2 | Robert Pape Robert Anthony Pape Jr . ( born April 24 , 1960 ) is an American political scientist who studies national and international security affairs , with a focus on air power , American and international political violence , social media propaganda , and terrorism . He is currently a professor of political science at the University of Chicago and founder and director of the Chicago Project on Security and Threats ( CPOST ) . Career . Pape graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1982 from the University of Pittsburgh , where he was a Harry S . Truman Scholar majoring in political science . He earned his Ph.D . from the University of Chicago in 1988 in the same field . He taught international relations at Dartmouth College from 1994 to 1999 and at the United States Air Forces School of Advanced Airpower Studies from 1991 to 1994 . Since 1999 , he has taught at the University of Chicago , where he is now tenured . Pape has been the director of the graduate studies department of political science as well as the chair of the Committee on International Relations at the University of Chicago . During the 2008 presidential campaign , Pape served as an adviser to Democrat Barack Obama . During the same campaign , he was also briefly an advisor on Iraq to Republican Ron Paul . CPOST . After presenting preliminary data on his research into suicide terrorism in the American Political Science Review in 2003 , Pape founded the Chicago Project on Security and Threats ( originally , Chicago Project on Security and Terrorism ) , which he directs . The project is funded by the Carnegie Corporation , the Pentagons Defense Threat Reduction Agency , the University of Chicago , and the Argonne National Laboratory . In December 2009 , Security Studies published an issue on terrorism featuring content exclusively from CPOST . Research . Bombing to Win . Pape published his first full-length book in 1996 , Bombing to Win : Air Power and Coercion in War , which questions the conventional wisdom that coercive air power ( i.e . bombing , etc. ) is both effective and relatively cheap . Rather than motivating citizens of a bombed nation to rise up against their government , coercive air power often backfires , resulting in a citizenry that more resilient and loyal . Pape also argues that air power and land power should be integrated and used together in a hammer and anvil fashion . A 1999 RAND Corporation report report funded by the U.S . Air Force ( USAF ) explored the role of air power as a coercive instrument , contesting Papes argument . They concluded that , Although the United States and the USAF have scored some notable successes , the record is mixed . Horowitz and Reiter applied multivariate probit analysis [ to ] all instances of air power coercion from 1917 to 1999 , and which matched Papes qualitative assessment that attacking military targets has improved the chances of success , but higher levels of civilian vulnerability have no effect on the chances of coercion success . Dying to Win . Papes ( 2005 ) contradicts many widely held beliefs about suicide terrorism . Pape argues that there is little connection between suicide terrorism and Islamic fundamentalism , or any one of the worlds religions.. . Rather , what nearly all suicide terrorist attacks have in common is a specific secular and strategic goal : to compel modern democracies to withdraw military forces from territory that the terrorists consider to be their homeland . Pape also presents evidence that the majority of suicide terrorists do not come from impoverished or uneducated backgrounds , but rather have middle class origins and a significant level of education . In a criticism of Papes link between occupation and suicide terrorism , an article titled Design , Inference , and the Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism ( published in The American Political Science Review ) , authors Scott Ashworth , Joshua D . Clinton , Adam Meirowitz , and Kristopher W . Ramsay from Princeton charged Pape with sampling on the dependent variable by limiting research only to cases in which suicide terror was used . Similar criticisms were made by Michael C . Horowitz , who concludes the presence of a occupying power is not a statistically significant indicator of likelihood to incite suicide terrorism . In response , Pape argues that his research design is sufficient because it collected the universe of known cases of suicide terrorism . In a rejoinder , Ashworth et al . discuss how even large samples of the dependent variable cannot be used to explain variation in outcomes , why suicide terrorism in some places but not others , if the sample does not vary . Assaf Moghadam has also criticized Papes conclusions . Cutting the Fuse and Security Studies Special Issue . Papes Cutting the Fuse : The Explosion of Global Suicide Terrorism and How to Stop It is co-authored with James K . Feldman , was published in 2010 . Cutting the Fuse evaluates more than 2100 suicide attacks ( 6 times the number evaluated in Dying to Win ) in an attempt to identify key factors that explain the ebb and flow of suicide terrorist campaigns . The book recommends that nations to avoid stationing troops where they will be perceived as occupiers threatening local culture and institutions or coercing the government of an occupied state to do things that would be perceived as benefiting the occupiers at the expense of the local population . When occupation is necessary , minimize the threat to local culture by helping local officials to do things they might otherwise want to do but didnt previously have the ability and by treating collateral damage with great sensitivity . Pape also edited the special issue , “What’s New about Research on Terrorism,” Security Studies ( 18.4 ) , a leading peer-reviewed journal in international relations . Work on humanitarian intervention . In 1997 and 1998 , Pape published two articles examining the efficacy of economic sanctions . Pape contests the validity of international economic sanctions in achieving policy goals , judging that only 5% can legitimately be considered successes , as opposed to 34% claimed in the work of other scholars . One of these scholars , Kimberly Ann Elliot , responded to Papes initial piece , suggesting that Pape had mischaracterized the data , and that his views on economic sanctions and Elliots views on economic sanctions were not terribly different . Papes response , in the same issue of International Security , insisted that he had not mischaracterized the data , and that his view of economic sanctions is meaningfully different from the picture put forth by Elliot and others . Pape also published several articles analyzing the Arab Spring in 2013 . Work on social media , propaganda , and neuroscience . In 2015 , Pape and neuroscientist Jean Decety received a $3.4 million grant from the Department of Defenses Minerva Research Initiative to study the social and neurological construction of martyrdom . In May 2019 , Pape participated in the Christchurch Call , a plan launched by New Zealand PM Jacinda Ardern and French President Emmanuel Macron to end the promotion of extremist content online . Pape also presented his research on ISIS propaganda videos to organizations such as the FBI , BOP , SSCI , NCTC , NSC , and SOCOM . In February 2020 , Pape and CPOST received a $1.5 million grant to study Arabic-language propaganda . Work on international and American political violence . Pape began studying the causes and viable solutions to political violence in the 1990s , focusing on the 1992-1995 Bosnian War and the 1999 War in Kosovo . His work on suicide terrorism ( 2003 , 2005 , 2010 ) explained that it is mainly a form of political violence , while his work on humanitarian intervention ( 2012 ) centered on appropriate international responses to political violence related to the Arab Spring in Libya and Syria . In 2017 , Pape published an analysis of political violence in Iraq , Afghanistan , Pakistan . In January 2018 , Pape testified before the House Subcommittee on National Security on the military defeat of ISIS . In August 2019 , Pape briefed the National Security Council on an over-the-horizon counter-terrorism strategy to end the War in Afghanistan . In November 2019 , Pape and the UN Counter-Terrorism Executive Directorate ( CTED ) co-hosted a colloquium at the University of Chicago discussing ways to improve responses to future terrorist attacks and advance academic research on the impact of militant political violence and terrorism . In 2020 , Pape published the results of his analysis of the impact of the deployment of US Department of Homeland Security agents on political violence in Portland and conducted research studies of the demographic profile of right wing extremists in the US from 2015-2020 . In 2021 , Pape published the first systematic study of the demographic profile and political geography of individuals arrested for assaulting the US Capitol on January 6 , 2021 , which received significant attention in the media in the U.S . and internationally . Selected publications . Author . - Bombing to Win : Air Power and Coercion in War . Cornell University Press , 1996 . ( hardcover ) . ( paperback ) . Debated in Security Studies 7.2 ( Winter 1997/98 ) p . 93-214 and 7.3 ( Spring 1998 ) p . 182-228 . - . New York : Random House , 2005 . ( hardcover ) . London : Gibson Square 2006 ( updated ) . ( hardcover ) . - with James K . Feldman , Cutting the Fuse : The Explosion of Global Suicide Terrorism and How to Stop It . University of Chicago Press , 2010 . Academic articles . - Introducing the new CPOST dataset on suicide attacks , Journal of Peace Research , forthcoming ( 2021 ) . - EEG Distinguishes Heroic Narratives in ISIS Online Video Propaganda , Scientific Reports 10 , 19593 ( 2020 ) . - A Multilevel Social Neuroscience Perspective on Radicalization and Terrorism , Social Neuroscience 13.5 ( 2018 ) . - Days of Action or Restraint ? How the Islamic Calendar Impacts Violence , American Political Science Review 111.3 ( 2017 ) . - The American face of ISIS : Analysis of ISIS–related terrorism in the US March 2014–August 2016 Australian Strategic Policy Institute ( 2017 ) . - “Solving the Problem of Missing Perpetrator Information,” Journal of Conflict Resolution with Vincent Bauer and Keven Ruby ( 2015 ) . - “Reconsidering the Cases of Humanitarian Intervention,” International Security 38.2 ( Fall 2013 ) . - The True Worth of Air Power,” Foreign Affairs 83.2 ( March/April , 2004 ) . - The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism , American Political Science Review 97.3 ( August 2003 ) . - Why Economic Sanctions Do Not Work , International Security 22.2 ( Fall 1997 ) . - “Coercive Air Power in the Vietnam War,” International Security , 15.2 ( Fall 1990 ) . External links . - Pape participates in a panel on Suicide Bombing at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library - Chicago Project on Security and Threats website |
[
"Durham City"
] | easy | Lewis Botto played for which team from 1923 to 1925? | /wiki/Lewis_Botto#P54#0 | Lewis Botto Lewis Anthony Botto ( 12 July 1898 – 4 June 1953 ) , also written Louis Botto , was an English professional footballer who made 100 appearances in the Football League in the 1920s playing as a goalkeeper for Durham City , Wolverhampton Wanderers , Norwich City and Nelson . He also played non-league football for Jarrow Rangers , Hebburn Colliery , Shildon and Jarrow . Life and career . Botto was born in 1898 in Jarrow , County Durham , a son of William Botto and his wife Sarah , who kept a common lodging-house in Stanley Street . William Botto died in 1910 , and the 1911 Census shows the 12-year-old Lewis resident in the Chadwick Memorial Industrial School in Carlisle . Sarah Botto died in 1911 . Botto played football for Jarrow Rangers and Hebburn Colliery before signing amateur form with Football League Third Division North club Durham City in October 1923 . He made his debut in the 1923–24 FA Cup first qualifying round match against Dipton United on 6 October , which Durham lost 1–0 . Because Durham had a league match on the same day , they fielded a reserve side in the FA Cup , an offence for which the club was fined £5 by the Football Association and required to pay the Dipton club £10 compensation for loss of gate money . Botto made seven league appearances that season , standing in for Jimmy Hugall when the player-manager decided not to pick himself . In 1924–25 , Botto was undisputed first choice in goal , ever-present in both league and FA Cup as Durham City finished in mid-table . He was included in Durhams retained list for the next season , but Harry Harrison was brought in from Darlington as first choice and Botto spent the season with Shildon of the North-Eastern League . Harrison moved on and Botto returned for the 1926–27 season , initially as an amateur but signing professional forms in October 1926 . He made 32 league appearances , and was transfer-listed by the financially struggling club at the end of the season . On application to the Football League , he was given a free transfer , and in August he signed for Second Division club Wolverhampton Wanderers , whose backup goalkeeper Jack Hampton had left for Derby County . Botto began the season with the reserve team playing in the Central League , and came into the league side in November when Noel Georges health worsened . He played three matches before Alf Canavon took his place , but came back into the team in March when Canavon was injured and kept the position to the end of the season . He was initially included in Wolves retained list , but in mid-September was one of five players unexpectedly listed for transfer . He joined Norwich City , but played just twice in the Third Division South and was released on a free transfer . After a single appearance for Nelson in the Third Division North , his contract was cancelled in December 1929 and he returned home to play North-Eastern League football for Jarrow . Botto died in Jarrow in 1953 at the age of 54 . References . General Specific |
[
"Shildon"
] | easy | Which team did the player Lewis Botto belong to from 1925 to 1926? | /wiki/Lewis_Botto#P54#1 | Lewis Botto Lewis Anthony Botto ( 12 July 1898 – 4 June 1953 ) , also written Louis Botto , was an English professional footballer who made 100 appearances in the Football League in the 1920s playing as a goalkeeper for Durham City , Wolverhampton Wanderers , Norwich City and Nelson . He also played non-league football for Jarrow Rangers , Hebburn Colliery , Shildon and Jarrow . Life and career . Botto was born in 1898 in Jarrow , County Durham , a son of William Botto and his wife Sarah , who kept a common lodging-house in Stanley Street . William Botto died in 1910 , and the 1911 Census shows the 12-year-old Lewis resident in the Chadwick Memorial Industrial School in Carlisle . Sarah Botto died in 1911 . Botto played football for Jarrow Rangers and Hebburn Colliery before signing amateur form with Football League Third Division North club Durham City in October 1923 . He made his debut in the 1923–24 FA Cup first qualifying round match against Dipton United on 6 October , which Durham lost 1–0 . Because Durham had a league match on the same day , they fielded a reserve side in the FA Cup , an offence for which the club was fined £5 by the Football Association and required to pay the Dipton club £10 compensation for loss of gate money . Botto made seven league appearances that season , standing in for Jimmy Hugall when the player-manager decided not to pick himself . In 1924–25 , Botto was undisputed first choice in goal , ever-present in both league and FA Cup as Durham City finished in mid-table . He was included in Durhams retained list for the next season , but Harry Harrison was brought in from Darlington as first choice and Botto spent the season with Shildon of the North-Eastern League . Harrison moved on and Botto returned for the 1926–27 season , initially as an amateur but signing professional forms in October 1926 . He made 32 league appearances , and was transfer-listed by the financially struggling club at the end of the season . On application to the Football League , he was given a free transfer , and in August he signed for Second Division club Wolverhampton Wanderers , whose backup goalkeeper Jack Hampton had left for Derby County . Botto began the season with the reserve team playing in the Central League , and came into the league side in November when Noel Georges health worsened . He played three matches before Alf Canavon took his place , but came back into the team in March when Canavon was injured and kept the position to the end of the season . He was initially included in Wolves retained list , but in mid-September was one of five players unexpectedly listed for transfer . He joined Norwich City , but played just twice in the Third Division South and was released on a free transfer . After a single appearance for Nelson in the Third Division North , his contract was cancelled in December 1929 and he returned home to play North-Eastern League football for Jarrow . Botto died in Jarrow in 1953 at the age of 54 . References . General Specific |
[
"Wolverhampton Wanderers"
] | easy | Which team did Lewis Botto play for from 1927 to 1928? | /wiki/Lewis_Botto#P54#2 | Lewis Botto Lewis Anthony Botto ( 12 July 1898 – 4 June 1953 ) , also written Louis Botto , was an English professional footballer who made 100 appearances in the Football League in the 1920s playing as a goalkeeper for Durham City , Wolverhampton Wanderers , Norwich City and Nelson . He also played non-league football for Jarrow Rangers , Hebburn Colliery , Shildon and Jarrow . Life and career . Botto was born in 1898 in Jarrow , County Durham , a son of William Botto and his wife Sarah , who kept a common lodging-house in Stanley Street . William Botto died in 1910 , and the 1911 Census shows the 12-year-old Lewis resident in the Chadwick Memorial Industrial School in Carlisle . Sarah Botto died in 1911 . Botto played football for Jarrow Rangers and Hebburn Colliery before signing amateur form with Football League Third Division North club Durham City in October 1923 . He made his debut in the 1923–24 FA Cup first qualifying round match against Dipton United on 6 October , which Durham lost 1–0 . Because Durham had a league match on the same day , they fielded a reserve side in the FA Cup , an offence for which the club was fined £5 by the Football Association and required to pay the Dipton club £10 compensation for loss of gate money . Botto made seven league appearances that season , standing in for Jimmy Hugall when the player-manager decided not to pick himself . In 1924–25 , Botto was undisputed first choice in goal , ever-present in both league and FA Cup as Durham City finished in mid-table . He was included in Durhams retained list for the next season , but Harry Harrison was brought in from Darlington as first choice and Botto spent the season with Shildon of the North-Eastern League . Harrison moved on and Botto returned for the 1926–27 season , initially as an amateur but signing professional forms in October 1926 . He made 32 league appearances , and was transfer-listed by the financially struggling club at the end of the season . On application to the Football League , he was given a free transfer , and in August he signed for Second Division club Wolverhampton Wanderers , whose backup goalkeeper Jack Hampton had left for Derby County . Botto began the season with the reserve team playing in the Central League , and came into the league side in November when Noel Georges health worsened . He played three matches before Alf Canavon took his place , but came back into the team in March when Canavon was injured and kept the position to the end of the season . He was initially included in Wolves retained list , but in mid-September was one of five players unexpectedly listed for transfer . He joined Norwich City , but played just twice in the Third Division South and was released on a free transfer . After a single appearance for Nelson in the Third Division North , his contract was cancelled in December 1929 and he returned home to play North-Eastern League football for Jarrow . Botto died in Jarrow in 1953 at the age of 54 . References . General Specific |
[
"Norwich City"
] | easy | Which team did the player Lewis Botto belong to from 1928 to 1929? | /wiki/Lewis_Botto#P54#3 | Lewis Botto Lewis Anthony Botto ( 12 July 1898 – 4 June 1953 ) , also written Louis Botto , was an English professional footballer who made 100 appearances in the Football League in the 1920s playing as a goalkeeper for Durham City , Wolverhampton Wanderers , Norwich City and Nelson . He also played non-league football for Jarrow Rangers , Hebburn Colliery , Shildon and Jarrow . Life and career . Botto was born in 1898 in Jarrow , County Durham , a son of William Botto and his wife Sarah , who kept a common lodging-house in Stanley Street . William Botto died in 1910 , and the 1911 Census shows the 12-year-old Lewis resident in the Chadwick Memorial Industrial School in Carlisle . Sarah Botto died in 1911 . Botto played football for Jarrow Rangers and Hebburn Colliery before signing amateur form with Football League Third Division North club Durham City in October 1923 . He made his debut in the 1923–24 FA Cup first qualifying round match against Dipton United on 6 October , which Durham lost 1–0 . Because Durham had a league match on the same day , they fielded a reserve side in the FA Cup , an offence for which the club was fined £5 by the Football Association and required to pay the Dipton club £10 compensation for loss of gate money . Botto made seven league appearances that season , standing in for Jimmy Hugall when the player-manager decided not to pick himself . In 1924–25 , Botto was undisputed first choice in goal , ever-present in both league and FA Cup as Durham City finished in mid-table . He was included in Durhams retained list for the next season , but Harry Harrison was brought in from Darlington as first choice and Botto spent the season with Shildon of the North-Eastern League . Harrison moved on and Botto returned for the 1926–27 season , initially as an amateur but signing professional forms in October 1926 . He made 32 league appearances , and was transfer-listed by the financially struggling club at the end of the season . On application to the Football League , he was given a free transfer , and in August he signed for Second Division club Wolverhampton Wanderers , whose backup goalkeeper Jack Hampton had left for Derby County . Botto began the season with the reserve team playing in the Central League , and came into the league side in November when Noel Georges health worsened . He played three matches before Alf Canavon took his place , but came back into the team in March when Canavon was injured and kept the position to the end of the season . He was initially included in Wolves retained list , but in mid-September was one of five players unexpectedly listed for transfer . He joined Norwich City , but played just twice in the Third Division South and was released on a free transfer . After a single appearance for Nelson in the Third Division North , his contract was cancelled in December 1929 and he returned home to play North-Eastern League football for Jarrow . Botto died in Jarrow in 1953 at the age of 54 . References . General Specific |
[
"Jarrow"
] | easy | Lewis Botto played for which team from 1929 to 1930? | /wiki/Lewis_Botto#P54#4 | Lewis Botto Lewis Anthony Botto ( 12 July 1898 – 4 June 1953 ) , also written Louis Botto , was an English professional footballer who made 100 appearances in the Football League in the 1920s playing as a goalkeeper for Durham City , Wolverhampton Wanderers , Norwich City and Nelson . He also played non-league football for Jarrow Rangers , Hebburn Colliery , Shildon and Jarrow . Life and career . Botto was born in 1898 in Jarrow , County Durham , a son of William Botto and his wife Sarah , who kept a common lodging-house in Stanley Street . William Botto died in 1910 , and the 1911 Census shows the 12-year-old Lewis resident in the Chadwick Memorial Industrial School in Carlisle . Sarah Botto died in 1911 . Botto played football for Jarrow Rangers and Hebburn Colliery before signing amateur form with Football League Third Division North club Durham City in October 1923 . He made his debut in the 1923–24 FA Cup first qualifying round match against Dipton United on 6 October , which Durham lost 1–0 . Because Durham had a league match on the same day , they fielded a reserve side in the FA Cup , an offence for which the club was fined £5 by the Football Association and required to pay the Dipton club £10 compensation for loss of gate money . Botto made seven league appearances that season , standing in for Jimmy Hugall when the player-manager decided not to pick himself . In 1924–25 , Botto was undisputed first choice in goal , ever-present in both league and FA Cup as Durham City finished in mid-table . He was included in Durhams retained list for the next season , but Harry Harrison was brought in from Darlington as first choice and Botto spent the season with Shildon of the North-Eastern League . Harrison moved on and Botto returned for the 1926–27 season , initially as an amateur but signing professional forms in October 1926 . He made 32 league appearances , and was transfer-listed by the financially struggling club at the end of the season . On application to the Football League , he was given a free transfer , and in August he signed for Second Division club Wolverhampton Wanderers , whose backup goalkeeper Jack Hampton had left for Derby County . Botto began the season with the reserve team playing in the Central League , and came into the league side in November when Noel Georges health worsened . He played three matches before Alf Canavon took his place , but came back into the team in March when Canavon was injured and kept the position to the end of the season . He was initially included in Wolves retained list , but in mid-September was one of five players unexpectedly listed for transfer . He joined Norwich City , but played just twice in the Third Division South and was released on a free transfer . After a single appearance for Nelson in the Third Division North , his contract was cancelled in December 1929 and he returned home to play North-Eastern League football for Jarrow . Botto died in Jarrow in 1953 at the age of 54 . References . General Specific |
[
"Member of Parliament"
] | easy | Harry Snell, 1st Baron Snell took which position from Nov 1922 to Nov 1923? | /wiki/Harry_Snell,_1st_Baron_Snell#P39#0 | Harry Snell , 1st Baron Snell Henry Snell , 1st Baron Snell ( 1 April 1865 – 21 April 1944 ) , was a British socialist politician and campaigner . He served in government under Ramsay MacDonald and Winston Churchill , and as the Labour Partys leader in the House of Lords in the late 1930s . Background . Born in Sutton-on-Trent in Nottinghamshire , the son of agricultural workers , Harry Snell was educated at his local village school before beginning work as a farm hand at the age of eight . He worked full-time from the age of ten and became an indoor servant at the farm aged twelve . Dissatisfied with this work , Snell left and travelled around the county , taking a variety of jobs including work as a groom and ferryman at an inn on the River Trent and as a French polisher in Nottingham . During long periods of unemployment he occupied himself with extensive reading , and was particularly influenced by the writing of Henry George . Inspired by Charles Bradlaugh and the cause of secularism in Nottingham 1881 , he joined the National Secular Society . He rejected the austere and literalist Anglicanism of his up-bringing , but retained some religious faith and decided to join the Unitarian Church , impressed by its scientific approach to Christian doctrine and its progressive and tolerant values . A Unitarian teacher , John Kentish-White , introduced Snell to the works of Lord Byron and Samuel Taylor Coleridge . Through acquaintances made in the Unitarian movement , Snell was able to find a job in London as a clerk at the offices of the Midland Institute for the Blind . Here he continued his self-education at the reference library of University College London , being influenced by the writings of Thomas Paine , William Morris , John Ruskin and John Stuart Mill . Eventually Unitarianism would grow even too strict for him , and he became an agnostic and member of the National Secular Society . After hearing Annie Besant address a meeting of the Secular Society on the subject of socialism , Snell joined the Social Democratic Federation . He worked on John Burns campaign for Parliament in 1885 , and began to address public meetings himself , appearing alongside the likes of Henry Hyndman , Tom Mann , Eleanor Marx and Ben Tillett . He was active in supporting the Bryant and May match factory strike and the London dock strike of 1889 . Member of Parliament . In 1890 , Snell began social work for the Woolwich Charity Organisation Society , and later became secretary to the director of the London School of Economics . He joined the Independent Labour Party and , in 1894 , the Fabian Society , travelling extensively around Britain to lecture on socialist topics with speakers including Ramsay MacDonald and Bruce Glasier . Snell also lectured for the British South Place Ethical Society ( eventually becoming President ) and its American counterpart . Snell stood unsuccessfully in Huddersfield as a candidate for the Labour Party in January and December 1910 and 1918 . He was elected to the London County Council in 1919 , serving until 1925 , and became Member of Parliament for Woolwich East , the seat formerly held by Will Crooks , at the 1922 General Election , being re-elected in 1929 . In late 1929 , Snell was appointed to the Shaw Commission , which had been set up to investigate Arab uprisings in Palestine . When the Commission published its findings in March 1931 , Snell delivered a Minority Report , disagreeing with the Commissions recommendation that Jewish immigration and land purchase be curtailed . Snell also dissented from the Commissions claims that Palestine was overcrowded , agreeing with reports published two years earlier that had found the area to be under-populated and greatly under-cultivated . He described the impact of Jewish immigration as having raised the standard of living for Arab workers , and asserted that the Commission was wrongly and dangerously encouraging the view that immigration was a menace to Arabs and threatened their economic future . Following this , Snell became a strong supporter of Zionism . From 1931 to 1932 , he served as President of the British Ethical Union ( now known as Humanists UK ) , an organisation promoting humanism as a non-religious basis for morality . Snell was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) in the 1930 Birthday Honours . House of Lords . Snell resigned his seat in the Commons in 1931 , to make way for George Hicks , a leading member of the Trades Union Congress , and was raised to the peerage as Baron Snell , of Plumstead in the County of Kent , on 23 March 1931 . Ramsay MacDonald made him Under-Secretary of State for India and , upon the formation of the National Government a few months later , asked Snell to continue in this role . However , Snell refused , choosing to remain loyal to the Labour Party . In the Lords , he spoke on agricultural issues , with particular concern for rural workers , and on foreign affairs , and was a member of the British Institute of Parliamentary Affairs and the Empire Parliamentary Association . He was also appointed to the British Council , eventually becoming vice-chairman . In 1935 , when Arthur Ponsonby chose to resign with George Lansbury , Snell became Labours leader in the Lords , serving under Clement Attlee . He published an autobiography , Men , Movements and Myself , in 1936 , and was made a Privy Counsellor in 1937 . As leader in the Lords , Snell took a strong line against the growing threat of fascism , and attacked the Governments appeasement of Nazi Germany and its refusal to intervene to help the Republican government during the Spanish Civil War . He also continued to champion Zionism . During a debate in the Lords in 1938 he spoke in support the policy of population transfer of Arabs in Palestine for purposes of developing the land and creating cohesive settlements , pointing out that similar transfers had occurred in Libya and other Arab countries without any protest . Aged seventy-five and with his health failing , he stood down as leader of the Labour peers in 1940 . However , he recovered and was appointed by Winston Churchill as Captain of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms ( Deputy Leader of the House of Lords ) a year later ( having been considered as Leader , but passed over in favour of a Conservative ) . He chaired several committees and inquiries during the Second World War , and was awarded the Companion of Honour in 1943 . Whilst still in the role of Deputy Leader , Snell fell ill at the end of March 1944 , and died less than a month later , his peerage becoming extinct at that time . |
[
""
] | easy | What position did Harry Snell, 1st Baron Snell take from Dec 1923 to May 1929? | /wiki/Harry_Snell,_1st_Baron_Snell#P39#1 | Harry Snell , 1st Baron Snell Henry Snell , 1st Baron Snell ( 1 April 1865 – 21 April 1944 ) , was a British socialist politician and campaigner . He served in government under Ramsay MacDonald and Winston Churchill , and as the Labour Partys leader in the House of Lords in the late 1930s . Background . Born in Sutton-on-Trent in Nottinghamshire , the son of agricultural workers , Harry Snell was educated at his local village school before beginning work as a farm hand at the age of eight . He worked full-time from the age of ten and became an indoor servant at the farm aged twelve . Dissatisfied with this work , Snell left and travelled around the county , taking a variety of jobs including work as a groom and ferryman at an inn on the River Trent and as a French polisher in Nottingham . During long periods of unemployment he occupied himself with extensive reading , and was particularly influenced by the writing of Henry George . Inspired by Charles Bradlaugh and the cause of secularism in Nottingham 1881 , he joined the National Secular Society . He rejected the austere and literalist Anglicanism of his up-bringing , but retained some religious faith and decided to join the Unitarian Church , impressed by its scientific approach to Christian doctrine and its progressive and tolerant values . A Unitarian teacher , John Kentish-White , introduced Snell to the works of Lord Byron and Samuel Taylor Coleridge . Through acquaintances made in the Unitarian movement , Snell was able to find a job in London as a clerk at the offices of the Midland Institute for the Blind . Here he continued his self-education at the reference library of University College London , being influenced by the writings of Thomas Paine , William Morris , John Ruskin and John Stuart Mill . Eventually Unitarianism would grow even too strict for him , and he became an agnostic and member of the National Secular Society . After hearing Annie Besant address a meeting of the Secular Society on the subject of socialism , Snell joined the Social Democratic Federation . He worked on John Burns campaign for Parliament in 1885 , and began to address public meetings himself , appearing alongside the likes of Henry Hyndman , Tom Mann , Eleanor Marx and Ben Tillett . He was active in supporting the Bryant and May match factory strike and the London dock strike of 1889 . Member of Parliament . In 1890 , Snell began social work for the Woolwich Charity Organisation Society , and later became secretary to the director of the London School of Economics . He joined the Independent Labour Party and , in 1894 , the Fabian Society , travelling extensively around Britain to lecture on socialist topics with speakers including Ramsay MacDonald and Bruce Glasier . Snell also lectured for the British South Place Ethical Society ( eventually becoming President ) and its American counterpart . Snell stood unsuccessfully in Huddersfield as a candidate for the Labour Party in January and December 1910 and 1918 . He was elected to the London County Council in 1919 , serving until 1925 , and became Member of Parliament for Woolwich East , the seat formerly held by Will Crooks , at the 1922 General Election , being re-elected in 1929 . In late 1929 , Snell was appointed to the Shaw Commission , which had been set up to investigate Arab uprisings in Palestine . When the Commission published its findings in March 1931 , Snell delivered a Minority Report , disagreeing with the Commissions recommendation that Jewish immigration and land purchase be curtailed . Snell also dissented from the Commissions claims that Palestine was overcrowded , agreeing with reports published two years earlier that had found the area to be under-populated and greatly under-cultivated . He described the impact of Jewish immigration as having raised the standard of living for Arab workers , and asserted that the Commission was wrongly and dangerously encouraging the view that immigration was a menace to Arabs and threatened their economic future . Following this , Snell became a strong supporter of Zionism . From 1931 to 1932 , he served as President of the British Ethical Union ( now known as Humanists UK ) , an organisation promoting humanism as a non-religious basis for morality . Snell was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) in the 1930 Birthday Honours . House of Lords . Snell resigned his seat in the Commons in 1931 , to make way for George Hicks , a leading member of the Trades Union Congress , and was raised to the peerage as Baron Snell , of Plumstead in the County of Kent , on 23 March 1931 . Ramsay MacDonald made him Under-Secretary of State for India and , upon the formation of the National Government a few months later , asked Snell to continue in this role . However , Snell refused , choosing to remain loyal to the Labour Party . In the Lords , he spoke on agricultural issues , with particular concern for rural workers , and on foreign affairs , and was a member of the British Institute of Parliamentary Affairs and the Empire Parliamentary Association . He was also appointed to the British Council , eventually becoming vice-chairman . In 1935 , when Arthur Ponsonby chose to resign with George Lansbury , Snell became Labours leader in the Lords , serving under Clement Attlee . He published an autobiography , Men , Movements and Myself , in 1936 , and was made a Privy Counsellor in 1937 . As leader in the Lords , Snell took a strong line against the growing threat of fascism , and attacked the Governments appeasement of Nazi Germany and its refusal to intervene to help the Republican government during the Spanish Civil War . He also continued to champion Zionism . During a debate in the Lords in 1938 he spoke in support the policy of population transfer of Arabs in Palestine for purposes of developing the land and creating cohesive settlements , pointing out that similar transfers had occurred in Libya and other Arab countries without any protest . Aged seventy-five and with his health failing , he stood down as leader of the Labour peers in 1940 . However , he recovered and was appointed by Winston Churchill as Captain of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms ( Deputy Leader of the House of Lords ) a year later ( having been considered as Leader , but passed over in favour of a Conservative ) . He chaired several committees and inquiries during the Second World War , and was awarded the Companion of Honour in 1943 . Whilst still in the role of Deputy Leader , Snell fell ill at the end of March 1944 , and died less than a month later , his peerage becoming extinct at that time . |
[
"Member of Parliament for Woolwich East"
] | easy | Harry Snell, 1st Baron Snell took which position from May 1929 to Mar 1931? | /wiki/Harry_Snell,_1st_Baron_Snell#P39#2 | Harry Snell , 1st Baron Snell Henry Snell , 1st Baron Snell ( 1 April 1865 – 21 April 1944 ) , was a British socialist politician and campaigner . He served in government under Ramsay MacDonald and Winston Churchill , and as the Labour Partys leader in the House of Lords in the late 1930s . Background . Born in Sutton-on-Trent in Nottinghamshire , the son of agricultural workers , Harry Snell was educated at his local village school before beginning work as a farm hand at the age of eight . He worked full-time from the age of ten and became an indoor servant at the farm aged twelve . Dissatisfied with this work , Snell left and travelled around the county , taking a variety of jobs including work as a groom and ferryman at an inn on the River Trent and as a French polisher in Nottingham . During long periods of unemployment he occupied himself with extensive reading , and was particularly influenced by the writing of Henry George . Inspired by Charles Bradlaugh and the cause of secularism in Nottingham 1881 , he joined the National Secular Society . He rejected the austere and literalist Anglicanism of his up-bringing , but retained some religious faith and decided to join the Unitarian Church , impressed by its scientific approach to Christian doctrine and its progressive and tolerant values . A Unitarian teacher , John Kentish-White , introduced Snell to the works of Lord Byron and Samuel Taylor Coleridge . Through acquaintances made in the Unitarian movement , Snell was able to find a job in London as a clerk at the offices of the Midland Institute for the Blind . Here he continued his self-education at the reference library of University College London , being influenced by the writings of Thomas Paine , William Morris , John Ruskin and John Stuart Mill . Eventually Unitarianism would grow even too strict for him , and he became an agnostic and member of the National Secular Society . After hearing Annie Besant address a meeting of the Secular Society on the subject of socialism , Snell joined the Social Democratic Federation . He worked on John Burns campaign for Parliament in 1885 , and began to address public meetings himself , appearing alongside the likes of Henry Hyndman , Tom Mann , Eleanor Marx and Ben Tillett . He was active in supporting the Bryant and May match factory strike and the London dock strike of 1889 . Member of Parliament . In 1890 , Snell began social work for the Woolwich Charity Organisation Society , and later became secretary to the director of the London School of Economics . He joined the Independent Labour Party and , in 1894 , the Fabian Society , travelling extensively around Britain to lecture on socialist topics with speakers including Ramsay MacDonald and Bruce Glasier . Snell also lectured for the British South Place Ethical Society ( eventually becoming President ) and its American counterpart . Snell stood unsuccessfully in Huddersfield as a candidate for the Labour Party in January and December 1910 and 1918 . He was elected to the London County Council in 1919 , serving until 1925 , and became Member of Parliament for Woolwich East , the seat formerly held by Will Crooks , at the 1922 General Election , being re-elected in 1929 . In late 1929 , Snell was appointed to the Shaw Commission , which had been set up to investigate Arab uprisings in Palestine . When the Commission published its findings in March 1931 , Snell delivered a Minority Report , disagreeing with the Commissions recommendation that Jewish immigration and land purchase be curtailed . Snell also dissented from the Commissions claims that Palestine was overcrowded , agreeing with reports published two years earlier that had found the area to be under-populated and greatly under-cultivated . He described the impact of Jewish immigration as having raised the standard of living for Arab workers , and asserted that the Commission was wrongly and dangerously encouraging the view that immigration was a menace to Arabs and threatened their economic future . Following this , Snell became a strong supporter of Zionism . From 1931 to 1932 , he served as President of the British Ethical Union ( now known as Humanists UK ) , an organisation promoting humanism as a non-religious basis for morality . Snell was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) in the 1930 Birthday Honours . House of Lords . Snell resigned his seat in the Commons in 1931 , to make way for George Hicks , a leading member of the Trades Union Congress , and was raised to the peerage as Baron Snell , of Plumstead in the County of Kent , on 23 March 1931 . Ramsay MacDonald made him Under-Secretary of State for India and , upon the formation of the National Government a few months later , asked Snell to continue in this role . However , Snell refused , choosing to remain loyal to the Labour Party . In the Lords , he spoke on agricultural issues , with particular concern for rural workers , and on foreign affairs , and was a member of the British Institute of Parliamentary Affairs and the Empire Parliamentary Association . He was also appointed to the British Council , eventually becoming vice-chairman . In 1935 , when Arthur Ponsonby chose to resign with George Lansbury , Snell became Labours leader in the Lords , serving under Clement Attlee . He published an autobiography , Men , Movements and Myself , in 1936 , and was made a Privy Counsellor in 1937 . As leader in the Lords , Snell took a strong line against the growing threat of fascism , and attacked the Governments appeasement of Nazi Germany and its refusal to intervene to help the Republican government during the Spanish Civil War . He also continued to champion Zionism . During a debate in the Lords in 1938 he spoke in support the policy of population transfer of Arabs in Palestine for purposes of developing the land and creating cohesive settlements , pointing out that similar transfers had occurred in Libya and other Arab countries without any protest . Aged seventy-five and with his health failing , he stood down as leader of the Labour peers in 1940 . However , he recovered and was appointed by Winston Churchill as Captain of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms ( Deputy Leader of the House of Lords ) a year later ( having been considered as Leader , but passed over in favour of a Conservative ) . He chaired several committees and inquiries during the Second World War , and was awarded the Companion of Honour in 1943 . Whilst still in the role of Deputy Leader , Snell fell ill at the end of March 1944 , and died less than a month later , his peerage becoming extinct at that time . |
[
""
] | easy | Andy Dowie played for which team from 1999 to 2004? | /wiki/Andy_Dowie#P54#0 | Andy Dowie Andrew John Dowie ( born 25 March 1983 in Bellshill ) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Caledonian Braves . Dowie is predominately a centre-back and played for Rangers , Brechin City , Partick Thistle , Stranraer , Ross County , Dunfermline Athletic , Queen of the South and Dumbarton in the SPFL . Career . Dowie started his career as a youth with Rangers , during which time he had a loan spell at Brechin City in 2004 and scored in a friendly win against Linfield . After being released by Rangers , having only made one league appearance for the club , he signed for Partick Thistle . At Partick he scored his first career goal in a Scottish League Cup tie against future club Dunfermline . On 13 April 2005 , along with teammate Steve Fulton , he was released by Partick Thistle for a severe breach of club discipline . Dowie then signed for Stranraer and following the clubs relegation to the Scottish Second Division , joined Ross County for the 2006–07 season . While at Ross County he scored in the 2006 Scottish Challenge Cup Final as they went on to beat Clyde on penalties . After three years at Ross County , Dowie signed for Dunfermline Athletic in May 2009 . Whilst at Dunfermline , the club won the 2010–11 Scottish First Division and were promoted to the Scottish Premier League , however they were relegated the following season . During the 2012–13 season , Dunfermline entered administration , with Dowie amongst the players made redundant . On 29 March 2013 , he signed for a second time in his career with Partick Thistle . Dowies contract was not renewed at the end of the 2012–13 season . Dowie signed for Queen of the South on 1 July 2013 . Prior to kick-off in the 1–0 home victory over Hibernian on 2 March 2016 , Dowie was presented with a club memento to recognise completion of 100 first team appearances for the club . His contract with Queens wasnt renewed in May 2017 , and so he left the club having made 147 appearances across 4 seasons . On 12 June 2017 , Dowie joined rival Scottish Championship club Dumbarton on a one-year contract . He was announced as the clubs new captain on 12 July 2017 , replacing Darren Barr who had left the club to join Morton . In his first season at the club he was named as the clubs Player of the Year and captained the team during the 2017–18 Scottish Challenge Cup final . He signed a new deal in May 2018 but left the club to pursue a career outside football in January 2019 after 74 appearances and 2 goals . In February 2019 Dowie featured for Lowland Football League side Edusport Academy for whom he is also a coach . Dowie played a season with Cumnock before agreeing to rejoin Caledonian Braves in June 2020 . |
[
"Partick Thistle"
] | easy | Andy Dowie played for which team from 2004 to 2005? | /wiki/Andy_Dowie#P54#1 | Andy Dowie Andrew John Dowie ( born 25 March 1983 in Bellshill ) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Caledonian Braves . Dowie is predominately a centre-back and played for Rangers , Brechin City , Partick Thistle , Stranraer , Ross County , Dunfermline Athletic , Queen of the South and Dumbarton in the SPFL . Career . Dowie started his career as a youth with Rangers , during which time he had a loan spell at Brechin City in 2004 and scored in a friendly win against Linfield . After being released by Rangers , having only made one league appearance for the club , he signed for Partick Thistle . At Partick he scored his first career goal in a Scottish League Cup tie against future club Dunfermline . On 13 April 2005 , along with teammate Steve Fulton , he was released by Partick Thistle for a severe breach of club discipline . Dowie then signed for Stranraer and following the clubs relegation to the Scottish Second Division , joined Ross County for the 2006–07 season . While at Ross County he scored in the 2006 Scottish Challenge Cup Final as they went on to beat Clyde on penalties . After three years at Ross County , Dowie signed for Dunfermline Athletic in May 2009 . Whilst at Dunfermline , the club won the 2010–11 Scottish First Division and were promoted to the Scottish Premier League , however they were relegated the following season . During the 2012–13 season , Dunfermline entered administration , with Dowie amongst the players made redundant . On 29 March 2013 , he signed for a second time in his career with Partick Thistle . Dowies contract was not renewed at the end of the 2012–13 season . Dowie signed for Queen of the South on 1 July 2013 . Prior to kick-off in the 1–0 home victory over Hibernian on 2 March 2016 , Dowie was presented with a club memento to recognise completion of 100 first team appearances for the club . His contract with Queens wasnt renewed in May 2017 , and so he left the club having made 147 appearances across 4 seasons . On 12 June 2017 , Dowie joined rival Scottish Championship club Dumbarton on a one-year contract . He was announced as the clubs new captain on 12 July 2017 , replacing Darren Barr who had left the club to join Morton . In his first season at the club he was named as the clubs Player of the Year and captained the team during the 2017–18 Scottish Challenge Cup final . He signed a new deal in May 2018 but left the club to pursue a career outside football in January 2019 after 74 appearances and 2 goals . In February 2019 Dowie featured for Lowland Football League side Edusport Academy for whom he is also a coach . Dowie played a season with Cumnock before agreeing to rejoin Caledonian Braves in June 2020 . |
[
"Stranraer"
] | easy | Andy Dowie played for which team from 2005 to 2006? | /wiki/Andy_Dowie#P54#2 | Andy Dowie Andrew John Dowie ( born 25 March 1983 in Bellshill ) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Caledonian Braves . Dowie is predominately a centre-back and played for Rangers , Brechin City , Partick Thistle , Stranraer , Ross County , Dunfermline Athletic , Queen of the South and Dumbarton in the SPFL . Career . Dowie started his career as a youth with Rangers , during which time he had a loan spell at Brechin City in 2004 and scored in a friendly win against Linfield . After being released by Rangers , having only made one league appearance for the club , he signed for Partick Thistle . At Partick he scored his first career goal in a Scottish League Cup tie against future club Dunfermline . On 13 April 2005 , along with teammate Steve Fulton , he was released by Partick Thistle for a severe breach of club discipline . Dowie then signed for Stranraer and following the clubs relegation to the Scottish Second Division , joined Ross County for the 2006–07 season . While at Ross County he scored in the 2006 Scottish Challenge Cup Final as they went on to beat Clyde on penalties . After three years at Ross County , Dowie signed for Dunfermline Athletic in May 2009 . Whilst at Dunfermline , the club won the 2010–11 Scottish First Division and were promoted to the Scottish Premier League , however they were relegated the following season . During the 2012–13 season , Dunfermline entered administration , with Dowie amongst the players made redundant . On 29 March 2013 , he signed for a second time in his career with Partick Thistle . Dowies contract was not renewed at the end of the 2012–13 season . Dowie signed for Queen of the South on 1 July 2013 . Prior to kick-off in the 1–0 home victory over Hibernian on 2 March 2016 , Dowie was presented with a club memento to recognise completion of 100 first team appearances for the club . His contract with Queens wasnt renewed in May 2017 , and so he left the club having made 147 appearances across 4 seasons . On 12 June 2017 , Dowie joined rival Scottish Championship club Dumbarton on a one-year contract . He was announced as the clubs new captain on 12 July 2017 , replacing Darren Barr who had left the club to join Morton . In his first season at the club he was named as the clubs Player of the Year and captained the team during the 2017–18 Scottish Challenge Cup final . He signed a new deal in May 2018 but left the club to pursue a career outside football in January 2019 after 74 appearances and 2 goals . In February 2019 Dowie featured for Lowland Football League side Edusport Academy for whom he is also a coach . Dowie played a season with Cumnock before agreeing to rejoin Caledonian Braves in June 2020 . |
[
"Ross County"
] | easy | Andy Dowie played for which team from 2006 to 2009? | /wiki/Andy_Dowie#P54#3 | Andy Dowie Andrew John Dowie ( born 25 March 1983 in Bellshill ) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Caledonian Braves . Dowie is predominately a centre-back and played for Rangers , Brechin City , Partick Thistle , Stranraer , Ross County , Dunfermline Athletic , Queen of the South and Dumbarton in the SPFL . Career . Dowie started his career as a youth with Rangers , during which time he had a loan spell at Brechin City in 2004 and scored in a friendly win against Linfield . After being released by Rangers , having only made one league appearance for the club , he signed for Partick Thistle . At Partick he scored his first career goal in a Scottish League Cup tie against future club Dunfermline . On 13 April 2005 , along with teammate Steve Fulton , he was released by Partick Thistle for a severe breach of club discipline . Dowie then signed for Stranraer and following the clubs relegation to the Scottish Second Division , joined Ross County for the 2006–07 season . While at Ross County he scored in the 2006 Scottish Challenge Cup Final as they went on to beat Clyde on penalties . After three years at Ross County , Dowie signed for Dunfermline Athletic in May 2009 . Whilst at Dunfermline , the club won the 2010–11 Scottish First Division and were promoted to the Scottish Premier League , however they were relegated the following season . During the 2012–13 season , Dunfermline entered administration , with Dowie amongst the players made redundant . On 29 March 2013 , he signed for a second time in his career with Partick Thistle . Dowies contract was not renewed at the end of the 2012–13 season . Dowie signed for Queen of the South on 1 July 2013 . Prior to kick-off in the 1–0 home victory over Hibernian on 2 March 2016 , Dowie was presented with a club memento to recognise completion of 100 first team appearances for the club . His contract with Queens wasnt renewed in May 2017 , and so he left the club having made 147 appearances across 4 seasons . On 12 June 2017 , Dowie joined rival Scottish Championship club Dumbarton on a one-year contract . He was announced as the clubs new captain on 12 July 2017 , replacing Darren Barr who had left the club to join Morton . In his first season at the club he was named as the clubs Player of the Year and captained the team during the 2017–18 Scottish Challenge Cup final . He signed a new deal in May 2018 but left the club to pursue a career outside football in January 2019 after 74 appearances and 2 goals . In February 2019 Dowie featured for Lowland Football League side Edusport Academy for whom he is also a coach . Dowie played a season with Cumnock before agreeing to rejoin Caledonian Braves in June 2020 . |
[
""
] | easy | Andy Dowie played for which team from 2009 to 2014? | /wiki/Andy_Dowie#P54#4 | Andy Dowie Andrew John Dowie ( born 25 March 1983 in Bellshill ) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Caledonian Braves . Dowie is predominately a centre-back and played for Rangers , Brechin City , Partick Thistle , Stranraer , Ross County , Dunfermline Athletic , Queen of the South and Dumbarton in the SPFL . Career . Dowie started his career as a youth with Rangers , during which time he had a loan spell at Brechin City in 2004 and scored in a friendly win against Linfield . After being released by Rangers , having only made one league appearance for the club , he signed for Partick Thistle . At Partick he scored his first career goal in a Scottish League Cup tie against future club Dunfermline . On 13 April 2005 , along with teammate Steve Fulton , he was released by Partick Thistle for a severe breach of club discipline . Dowie then signed for Stranraer and following the clubs relegation to the Scottish Second Division , joined Ross County for the 2006–07 season . While at Ross County he scored in the 2006 Scottish Challenge Cup Final as they went on to beat Clyde on penalties . After three years at Ross County , Dowie signed for Dunfermline Athletic in May 2009 . Whilst at Dunfermline , the club won the 2010–11 Scottish First Division and were promoted to the Scottish Premier League , however they were relegated the following season . During the 2012–13 season , Dunfermline entered administration , with Dowie amongst the players made redundant . On 29 March 2013 , he signed for a second time in his career with Partick Thistle . Dowies contract was not renewed at the end of the 2012–13 season . Dowie signed for Queen of the South on 1 July 2013 . Prior to kick-off in the 1–0 home victory over Hibernian on 2 March 2016 , Dowie was presented with a club memento to recognise completion of 100 first team appearances for the club . His contract with Queens wasnt renewed in May 2017 , and so he left the club having made 147 appearances across 4 seasons . On 12 June 2017 , Dowie joined rival Scottish Championship club Dumbarton on a one-year contract . He was announced as the clubs new captain on 12 July 2017 , replacing Darren Barr who had left the club to join Morton . In his first season at the club he was named as the clubs Player of the Year and captained the team during the 2017–18 Scottish Challenge Cup final . He signed a new deal in May 2018 but left the club to pursue a career outside football in January 2019 after 74 appearances and 2 goals . In February 2019 Dowie featured for Lowland Football League side Edusport Academy for whom he is also a coach . Dowie played a season with Cumnock before agreeing to rejoin Caledonian Braves in June 2020 . |
[
"Lanús"
] | easy | Which team did the player Eduardo Salvio belong to from 2008 to 2009? | /wiki/Eduardo_Salvio#P54#0 | Eduardo Salvio Eduardo Antonio Salvio ( born 13 July 1990 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a right winger for Boca Juniors and the Argentina national team . Salvio started his career with Lanús in 2008 . After moving to Europe in 2010 , he won two UEFA Europa League , with Spanish club Atlético Madrid , and four Primeira Liga titles , two Taça de Portugal , four Taça da Liga and three Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira , with Benfica in Portugal . An Argentine international , Salvio has represented his country since 2009 . Club career . Lanús . Salvio was born in Avellaneda , a port city in the province of Buenos Aires . At only 17 , he was promoted to the first team of Club Atlético Lanús for the 2007 Apertura , but did not appear in any games in the tournament as the Granate finished in top position . Salvio made his debut for Lanús first team on 24 August 2008 , in a game against Boca Juniors . He scored his first goal ( s ) for the club in a 4–2 win against Argentinos Juniors , exactly two months later . Overall , he netted nine goals in the season as the team finished fourth overall , and was also its joint-leading goal scorer , along with José Sand . On 19 August 2009 Salvio scored twice in the first leg of Lanús first stage Copa Sudamericana match , netting two late goals to help his team come from behind to defeat River Plate ( 2–1 away win , 3–1 on aggregate ) . In early January 2010 , after months of speculation , he signed for Atlético Madrid in Spain , for a reported transfer fee of €10 million . Atlético Madrid . Salvio made his official debut for Atlético in the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League against Galatasaray on 18 February 2010 , and scored his first goals for the Colchoneros in a 3–1 La Liga home win over Tenerife on 25 April . On 12 May he appeared as a substitute in the Europa League final against Fulham , coming on as a substitute for José Antonio Reyes in the 76th minute of the 2–1 triumph . On 19 August 2010 , after speculation linked him to several clubs , mostly in Spain but also in Portugal , Benfica and Atlético Madrid agreed on a season-long loan for Salvio , with the Lisbon club also buying 20% of his rights for €2.5 million . On 18 December he opened his goal scoring for Benfica , scoring twice in a 5–2 home win against Rio Ave . After a relatively slow start to Portuguese football , Salvio became a regular fixture for Benfica in the second part of the campaign , partnering several compatriots in the squad and usually appearing as a right winger . On 20 February 2011 he scored the first goal in a 2–0 away win against city rivals Sporting and , three days later , he netted his first goal in European competition , with an impressive 20-yard strike against Stuttgart in the Europa Leagues round of 32 ( 2–0 away success , 4–1 on aggregate ) ; to finalize that week , in a home league match against Marítimo , he scored the equalizer minutes after the away side opened the scoring , in an eventual 2–1 home win , and finished the campaign with 39 official games and ten successful strikes . Salvio officially returned to Atlético on 19 May to begin his rehabilitation on a calf injury sustained whilst still at Benfica , in a Europa League game against PSV . He continued to be regularly played by both Gregorio Manzano and his successor , compatriot Diego Simeone . In March 2012 , in two games separated by only five days , Salvio scored three goals : he started with a rare header to put the visitors ahead at Sevilla in an eventual 1–1 draw , then added a brace in a 3–1 home win against Beşiktaş in the campaigns Europa League . Benfica . On 31 July 2012 , Benfica and Atlético Madrid agreed on Salvio transferring permanently to the Portuguese side for five years , with Benfica paying a reported €11 million for eighty percent of his economic rights . With the remaining twenty already owned by them , Salvio transfer summed up a then club record €13.5 million – surpassing the previous record of €12 million paid to Barcelona to acquire the services of Simão Sabrosa in 2001 . He marked his comeback in style , scoring the first of a 2–2 home draw against Braga on 18 August . He scored a career high , thirteen goals throughout the 2012–13 season . On 31 August 2013 , late into the first half of a local derby at Sporting , Salvio suffered a severe anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) injury to his right knee , going on to miss several months . It was his second serious injury in only two years ( the first , in his foot , also at the service of Benfica ) . He marked his return from injury in less than six months , playing the last 15 minutes of a 1–0 UEFA Europa League win against PAOK Salvio scored his first goal of the campaign on 3 April 2014 , netting the games only in an away success over AZ Alkmaar , for the same competition . His only other goal that came against Porto in the Portuguese Cup semi-finals as Benfica reached the final with a 3–1 victory . On 20 April 2014 , he suffered another injury , this time breaking his arm in a 2–0 win against Olhanense , as Benfica clinched their 33rd league title in the same day . Although being expected to be out for the remainder of the season , he returned to the fields just ten days later , coming on as a substitute in a 0–0 draw against Juventus , with Benfica reaching their second consecutive UEFA Europa League final . Although Salvios season was injury-plagued , he enjoyed great success as the club won the domestic treble . Salvio started the new season with goals against Paços de Ferreira and Vitória Sétubal . He scored his only European goal of the season , against Bayer Leverkusen on 1 October 2014 . Four days later , he scored his third league goal of the season , against Arouca , and made one assist in a 4–0 home win . On 22 November , he scored twice in a 4–1 win against Moreirense in the fourth round of Portuguese Cup . On 18 January 2015 , Salvio scored twice at Marítimo ( 0–4 ) in Primeira Liga . He again suffered an injury on the final day of the season , as he once again tore his ACL on his right knee , which caused him to miss most of the 2015–16 season . Salvio returned from injury on 12 February 2016 , as a substitute in a 2–1 home loss to Porto . He mostly made sporadic substitute appearances in the final three months of the season , as he failed to regain his true form . However , he was still able to celebrate another league and league cup triumphs . On 16 June 2016 , Salvio renewed his contract with Benfica for two more seasons . On 28 October , after scoring the second goal in a 3–0 win against Paços de Ferreira , Salvio became the Argentine player with the most goals scored for Benfica ( 42 ) , surpassing former teammate Nicolás Gaitán . On 12 December , he scored his third career goal against city rivals Sporting and , during the second half , once again suffered a serious injury , this time dislocating his right shoulder . He recovered less than a month and helped the club to their fourth straight league title . On 29 May 2017 , during the 2017 Taça de Portugal Final , he scored a header against Vitória de Guimarães . During the 2017–18 season , Salvio scored 9 goals in 26 appearances , finishing as the clubs second top scorer , behind Jonas . Boca Juniors . On 18 July 2019 , Benfica announced that Salvio had returned to his home country to join Boca Juniors . International career . In January 2009 , Salvio was selected to join the Argentina under-20 squad for the 2009 South American Youth Championship in Venezuela . The national team underperformed in the championship , failing to qualify to that years FIFA U-20 World Cup , thus being unable to defend its 2007 title . On 20 May 2009 , aged 18 , Salvio made his full international debut in a friendly match with Panama . The Argentine side , made up of players based in the Argentine Primera División , won it 3–1 . He also played against Chile in a 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification match . In May 2018 , Salvio was named in Argentinas 23-man squad for the FIFA World Cup in Russia . He featured in the teams first two matches , playing as a right-back . Honours . Atlético Madrid - UEFA Europa League : 2009–10 , 2011–12 - Copa del Rey runner-up : 2009–10 Benfica - Primeira Liga : 2013–14 , 2014–15 , 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2018–19 - Taça de Portugal : 2013–14 , 2016–17 - Taça da Liga : 2010–11 , 2013–14 , 2014–15 , 2015–16 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira : 2014 , 2016 , 2017 - UEFA Europa League runner-up : 2012–13 , 2013–14 Boca Juniors - Primera División : 2019–20 - Copa de la Liga Profesional : 2020 Individual - 2017 Taça de Portugal Final Man of the match |
[
"Lanús"
] | easy | Which team did the player Eduardo Salvio belong to in 2009? | /wiki/Eduardo_Salvio#P54#1 | Eduardo Salvio Eduardo Antonio Salvio ( born 13 July 1990 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a right winger for Boca Juniors and the Argentina national team . Salvio started his career with Lanús in 2008 . After moving to Europe in 2010 , he won two UEFA Europa League , with Spanish club Atlético Madrid , and four Primeira Liga titles , two Taça de Portugal , four Taça da Liga and three Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira , with Benfica in Portugal . An Argentine international , Salvio has represented his country since 2009 . Club career . Lanús . Salvio was born in Avellaneda , a port city in the province of Buenos Aires . At only 17 , he was promoted to the first team of Club Atlético Lanús for the 2007 Apertura , but did not appear in any games in the tournament as the Granate finished in top position . Salvio made his debut for Lanús first team on 24 August 2008 , in a game against Boca Juniors . He scored his first goal ( s ) for the club in a 4–2 win against Argentinos Juniors , exactly two months later . Overall , he netted nine goals in the season as the team finished fourth overall , and was also its joint-leading goal scorer , along with José Sand . On 19 August 2009 Salvio scored twice in the first leg of Lanús first stage Copa Sudamericana match , netting two late goals to help his team come from behind to defeat River Plate ( 2–1 away win , 3–1 on aggregate ) . In early January 2010 , after months of speculation , he signed for Atlético Madrid in Spain , for a reported transfer fee of €10 million . Atlético Madrid . Salvio made his official debut for Atlético in the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League against Galatasaray on 18 February 2010 , and scored his first goals for the Colchoneros in a 3–1 La Liga home win over Tenerife on 25 April . On 12 May he appeared as a substitute in the Europa League final against Fulham , coming on as a substitute for José Antonio Reyes in the 76th minute of the 2–1 triumph . On 19 August 2010 , after speculation linked him to several clubs , mostly in Spain but also in Portugal , Benfica and Atlético Madrid agreed on a season-long loan for Salvio , with the Lisbon club also buying 20% of his rights for €2.5 million . On 18 December he opened his goal scoring for Benfica , scoring twice in a 5–2 home win against Rio Ave . After a relatively slow start to Portuguese football , Salvio became a regular fixture for Benfica in the second part of the campaign , partnering several compatriots in the squad and usually appearing as a right winger . On 20 February 2011 he scored the first goal in a 2–0 away win against city rivals Sporting and , three days later , he netted his first goal in European competition , with an impressive 20-yard strike against Stuttgart in the Europa Leagues round of 32 ( 2–0 away success , 4–1 on aggregate ) ; to finalize that week , in a home league match against Marítimo , he scored the equalizer minutes after the away side opened the scoring , in an eventual 2–1 home win , and finished the campaign with 39 official games and ten successful strikes . Salvio officially returned to Atlético on 19 May to begin his rehabilitation on a calf injury sustained whilst still at Benfica , in a Europa League game against PSV . He continued to be regularly played by both Gregorio Manzano and his successor , compatriot Diego Simeone . In March 2012 , in two games separated by only five days , Salvio scored three goals : he started with a rare header to put the visitors ahead at Sevilla in an eventual 1–1 draw , then added a brace in a 3–1 home win against Beşiktaş in the campaigns Europa League . Benfica . On 31 July 2012 , Benfica and Atlético Madrid agreed on Salvio transferring permanently to the Portuguese side for five years , with Benfica paying a reported €11 million for eighty percent of his economic rights . With the remaining twenty already owned by them , Salvio transfer summed up a then club record €13.5 million – surpassing the previous record of €12 million paid to Barcelona to acquire the services of Simão Sabrosa in 2001 . He marked his comeback in style , scoring the first of a 2–2 home draw against Braga on 18 August . He scored a career high , thirteen goals throughout the 2012–13 season . On 31 August 2013 , late into the first half of a local derby at Sporting , Salvio suffered a severe anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) injury to his right knee , going on to miss several months . It was his second serious injury in only two years ( the first , in his foot , also at the service of Benfica ) . He marked his return from injury in less than six months , playing the last 15 minutes of a 1–0 UEFA Europa League win against PAOK Salvio scored his first goal of the campaign on 3 April 2014 , netting the games only in an away success over AZ Alkmaar , for the same competition . His only other goal that came against Porto in the Portuguese Cup semi-finals as Benfica reached the final with a 3–1 victory . On 20 April 2014 , he suffered another injury , this time breaking his arm in a 2–0 win against Olhanense , as Benfica clinched their 33rd league title in the same day . Although being expected to be out for the remainder of the season , he returned to the fields just ten days later , coming on as a substitute in a 0–0 draw against Juventus , with Benfica reaching their second consecutive UEFA Europa League final . Although Salvios season was injury-plagued , he enjoyed great success as the club won the domestic treble . Salvio started the new season with goals against Paços de Ferreira and Vitória Sétubal . He scored his only European goal of the season , against Bayer Leverkusen on 1 October 2014 . Four days later , he scored his third league goal of the season , against Arouca , and made one assist in a 4–0 home win . On 22 November , he scored twice in a 4–1 win against Moreirense in the fourth round of Portuguese Cup . On 18 January 2015 , Salvio scored twice at Marítimo ( 0–4 ) in Primeira Liga . He again suffered an injury on the final day of the season , as he once again tore his ACL on his right knee , which caused him to miss most of the 2015–16 season . Salvio returned from injury on 12 February 2016 , as a substitute in a 2–1 home loss to Porto . He mostly made sporadic substitute appearances in the final three months of the season , as he failed to regain his true form . However , he was still able to celebrate another league and league cup triumphs . On 16 June 2016 , Salvio renewed his contract with Benfica for two more seasons . On 28 October , after scoring the second goal in a 3–0 win against Paços de Ferreira , Salvio became the Argentine player with the most goals scored for Benfica ( 42 ) , surpassing former teammate Nicolás Gaitán . On 12 December , he scored his third career goal against city rivals Sporting and , during the second half , once again suffered a serious injury , this time dislocating his right shoulder . He recovered less than a month and helped the club to their fourth straight league title . On 29 May 2017 , during the 2017 Taça de Portugal Final , he scored a header against Vitória de Guimarães . During the 2017–18 season , Salvio scored 9 goals in 26 appearances , finishing as the clubs second top scorer , behind Jonas . Boca Juniors . On 18 July 2019 , Benfica announced that Salvio had returned to his home country to join Boca Juniors . International career . In January 2009 , Salvio was selected to join the Argentina under-20 squad for the 2009 South American Youth Championship in Venezuela . The national team underperformed in the championship , failing to qualify to that years FIFA U-20 World Cup , thus being unable to defend its 2007 title . On 20 May 2009 , aged 18 , Salvio made his full international debut in a friendly match with Panama . The Argentine side , made up of players based in the Argentine Primera División , won it 3–1 . He also played against Chile in a 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification match . In May 2018 , Salvio was named in Argentinas 23-man squad for the FIFA World Cup in Russia . He featured in the teams first two matches , playing as a right-back . Honours . Atlético Madrid - UEFA Europa League : 2009–10 , 2011–12 - Copa del Rey runner-up : 2009–10 Benfica - Primeira Liga : 2013–14 , 2014–15 , 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2018–19 - Taça de Portugal : 2013–14 , 2016–17 - Taça da Liga : 2010–11 , 2013–14 , 2014–15 , 2015–16 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira : 2014 , 2016 , 2017 - UEFA Europa League runner-up : 2012–13 , 2013–14 Boca Juniors - Primera División : 2019–20 - Copa de la Liga Profesional : 2020 Individual - 2017 Taça de Portugal Final Man of the match |
[
"Atlético"
] | easy | Which team did Eduardo Salvio play for from 2009 to 2010? | /wiki/Eduardo_Salvio#P54#2 | Eduardo Salvio Eduardo Antonio Salvio ( born 13 July 1990 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a right winger for Boca Juniors and the Argentina national team . Salvio started his career with Lanús in 2008 . After moving to Europe in 2010 , he won two UEFA Europa League , with Spanish club Atlético Madrid , and four Primeira Liga titles , two Taça de Portugal , four Taça da Liga and three Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira , with Benfica in Portugal . An Argentine international , Salvio has represented his country since 2009 . Club career . Lanús . Salvio was born in Avellaneda , a port city in the province of Buenos Aires . At only 17 , he was promoted to the first team of Club Atlético Lanús for the 2007 Apertura , but did not appear in any games in the tournament as the Granate finished in top position . Salvio made his debut for Lanús first team on 24 August 2008 , in a game against Boca Juniors . He scored his first goal ( s ) for the club in a 4–2 win against Argentinos Juniors , exactly two months later . Overall , he netted nine goals in the season as the team finished fourth overall , and was also its joint-leading goal scorer , along with José Sand . On 19 August 2009 Salvio scored twice in the first leg of Lanús first stage Copa Sudamericana match , netting two late goals to help his team come from behind to defeat River Plate ( 2–1 away win , 3–1 on aggregate ) . In early January 2010 , after months of speculation , he signed for Atlético Madrid in Spain , for a reported transfer fee of €10 million . Atlético Madrid . Salvio made his official debut for Atlético in the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League against Galatasaray on 18 February 2010 , and scored his first goals for the Colchoneros in a 3–1 La Liga home win over Tenerife on 25 April . On 12 May he appeared as a substitute in the Europa League final against Fulham , coming on as a substitute for José Antonio Reyes in the 76th minute of the 2–1 triumph . On 19 August 2010 , after speculation linked him to several clubs , mostly in Spain but also in Portugal , Benfica and Atlético Madrid agreed on a season-long loan for Salvio , with the Lisbon club also buying 20% of his rights for €2.5 million . On 18 December he opened his goal scoring for Benfica , scoring twice in a 5–2 home win against Rio Ave . After a relatively slow start to Portuguese football , Salvio became a regular fixture for Benfica in the second part of the campaign , partnering several compatriots in the squad and usually appearing as a right winger . On 20 February 2011 he scored the first goal in a 2–0 away win against city rivals Sporting and , three days later , he netted his first goal in European competition , with an impressive 20-yard strike against Stuttgart in the Europa Leagues round of 32 ( 2–0 away success , 4–1 on aggregate ) ; to finalize that week , in a home league match against Marítimo , he scored the equalizer minutes after the away side opened the scoring , in an eventual 2–1 home win , and finished the campaign with 39 official games and ten successful strikes . Salvio officially returned to Atlético on 19 May to begin his rehabilitation on a calf injury sustained whilst still at Benfica , in a Europa League game against PSV . He continued to be regularly played by both Gregorio Manzano and his successor , compatriot Diego Simeone . In March 2012 , in two games separated by only five days , Salvio scored three goals : he started with a rare header to put the visitors ahead at Sevilla in an eventual 1–1 draw , then added a brace in a 3–1 home win against Beşiktaş in the campaigns Europa League . Benfica . On 31 July 2012 , Benfica and Atlético Madrid agreed on Salvio transferring permanently to the Portuguese side for five years , with Benfica paying a reported €11 million for eighty percent of his economic rights . With the remaining twenty already owned by them , Salvio transfer summed up a then club record €13.5 million – surpassing the previous record of €12 million paid to Barcelona to acquire the services of Simão Sabrosa in 2001 . He marked his comeback in style , scoring the first of a 2–2 home draw against Braga on 18 August . He scored a career high , thirteen goals throughout the 2012–13 season . On 31 August 2013 , late into the first half of a local derby at Sporting , Salvio suffered a severe anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) injury to his right knee , going on to miss several months . It was his second serious injury in only two years ( the first , in his foot , also at the service of Benfica ) . He marked his return from injury in less than six months , playing the last 15 minutes of a 1–0 UEFA Europa League win against PAOK Salvio scored his first goal of the campaign on 3 April 2014 , netting the games only in an away success over AZ Alkmaar , for the same competition . His only other goal that came against Porto in the Portuguese Cup semi-finals as Benfica reached the final with a 3–1 victory . On 20 April 2014 , he suffered another injury , this time breaking his arm in a 2–0 win against Olhanense , as Benfica clinched their 33rd league title in the same day . Although being expected to be out for the remainder of the season , he returned to the fields just ten days later , coming on as a substitute in a 0–0 draw against Juventus , with Benfica reaching their second consecutive UEFA Europa League final . Although Salvios season was injury-plagued , he enjoyed great success as the club won the domestic treble . Salvio started the new season with goals against Paços de Ferreira and Vitória Sétubal . He scored his only European goal of the season , against Bayer Leverkusen on 1 October 2014 . Four days later , he scored his third league goal of the season , against Arouca , and made one assist in a 4–0 home win . On 22 November , he scored twice in a 4–1 win against Moreirense in the fourth round of Portuguese Cup . On 18 January 2015 , Salvio scored twice at Marítimo ( 0–4 ) in Primeira Liga . He again suffered an injury on the final day of the season , as he once again tore his ACL on his right knee , which caused him to miss most of the 2015–16 season . Salvio returned from injury on 12 February 2016 , as a substitute in a 2–1 home loss to Porto . He mostly made sporadic substitute appearances in the final three months of the season , as he failed to regain his true form . However , he was still able to celebrate another league and league cup triumphs . On 16 June 2016 , Salvio renewed his contract with Benfica for two more seasons . On 28 October , after scoring the second goal in a 3–0 win against Paços de Ferreira , Salvio became the Argentine player with the most goals scored for Benfica ( 42 ) , surpassing former teammate Nicolás Gaitán . On 12 December , he scored his third career goal against city rivals Sporting and , during the second half , once again suffered a serious injury , this time dislocating his right shoulder . He recovered less than a month and helped the club to their fourth straight league title . On 29 May 2017 , during the 2017 Taça de Portugal Final , he scored a header against Vitória de Guimarães . During the 2017–18 season , Salvio scored 9 goals in 26 appearances , finishing as the clubs second top scorer , behind Jonas . Boca Juniors . On 18 July 2019 , Benfica announced that Salvio had returned to his home country to join Boca Juniors . International career . In January 2009 , Salvio was selected to join the Argentina under-20 squad for the 2009 South American Youth Championship in Venezuela . The national team underperformed in the championship , failing to qualify to that years FIFA U-20 World Cup , thus being unable to defend its 2007 title . On 20 May 2009 , aged 18 , Salvio made his full international debut in a friendly match with Panama . The Argentine side , made up of players based in the Argentine Primera División , won it 3–1 . He also played against Chile in a 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification match . In May 2018 , Salvio was named in Argentinas 23-man squad for the FIFA World Cup in Russia . He featured in the teams first two matches , playing as a right-back . Honours . Atlético Madrid - UEFA Europa League : 2009–10 , 2011–12 - Copa del Rey runner-up : 2009–10 Benfica - Primeira Liga : 2013–14 , 2014–15 , 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2018–19 - Taça de Portugal : 2013–14 , 2016–17 - Taça da Liga : 2010–11 , 2013–14 , 2014–15 , 2015–16 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira : 2014 , 2016 , 2017 - UEFA Europa League runner-up : 2012–13 , 2013–14 Boca Juniors - Primera División : 2019–20 - Copa de la Liga Profesional : 2020 Individual - 2017 Taça de Portugal Final Man of the match |
[
"Benfica and Atlético Madrid"
] | easy | Which team did the player Eduardo Salvio belong to from 2010 to 2012? | /wiki/Eduardo_Salvio#P54#3 | Eduardo Salvio Eduardo Antonio Salvio ( born 13 July 1990 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a right winger for Boca Juniors and the Argentina national team . Salvio started his career with Lanús in 2008 . After moving to Europe in 2010 , he won two UEFA Europa League , with Spanish club Atlético Madrid , and four Primeira Liga titles , two Taça de Portugal , four Taça da Liga and three Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira , with Benfica in Portugal . An Argentine international , Salvio has represented his country since 2009 . Club career . Lanús . Salvio was born in Avellaneda , a port city in the province of Buenos Aires . At only 17 , he was promoted to the first team of Club Atlético Lanús for the 2007 Apertura , but did not appear in any games in the tournament as the Granate finished in top position . Salvio made his debut for Lanús first team on 24 August 2008 , in a game against Boca Juniors . He scored his first goal ( s ) for the club in a 4–2 win against Argentinos Juniors , exactly two months later . Overall , he netted nine goals in the season as the team finished fourth overall , and was also its joint-leading goal scorer , along with José Sand . On 19 August 2009 Salvio scored twice in the first leg of Lanús first stage Copa Sudamericana match , netting two late goals to help his team come from behind to defeat River Plate ( 2–1 away win , 3–1 on aggregate ) . In early January 2010 , after months of speculation , he signed for Atlético Madrid in Spain , for a reported transfer fee of €10 million . Atlético Madrid . Salvio made his official debut for Atlético in the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League against Galatasaray on 18 February 2010 , and scored his first goals for the Colchoneros in a 3–1 La Liga home win over Tenerife on 25 April . On 12 May he appeared as a substitute in the Europa League final against Fulham , coming on as a substitute for José Antonio Reyes in the 76th minute of the 2–1 triumph . On 19 August 2010 , after speculation linked him to several clubs , mostly in Spain but also in Portugal , Benfica and Atlético Madrid agreed on a season-long loan for Salvio , with the Lisbon club also buying 20% of his rights for €2.5 million . On 18 December he opened his goal scoring for Benfica , scoring twice in a 5–2 home win against Rio Ave . After a relatively slow start to Portuguese football , Salvio became a regular fixture for Benfica in the second part of the campaign , partnering several compatriots in the squad and usually appearing as a right winger . On 20 February 2011 he scored the first goal in a 2–0 away win against city rivals Sporting and , three days later , he netted his first goal in European competition , with an impressive 20-yard strike against Stuttgart in the Europa Leagues round of 32 ( 2–0 away success , 4–1 on aggregate ) ; to finalize that week , in a home league match against Marítimo , he scored the equalizer minutes after the away side opened the scoring , in an eventual 2–1 home win , and finished the campaign with 39 official games and ten successful strikes . Salvio officially returned to Atlético on 19 May to begin his rehabilitation on a calf injury sustained whilst still at Benfica , in a Europa League game against PSV . He continued to be regularly played by both Gregorio Manzano and his successor , compatriot Diego Simeone . In March 2012 , in two games separated by only five days , Salvio scored three goals : he started with a rare header to put the visitors ahead at Sevilla in an eventual 1–1 draw , then added a brace in a 3–1 home win against Beşiktaş in the campaigns Europa League . Benfica . On 31 July 2012 , Benfica and Atlético Madrid agreed on Salvio transferring permanently to the Portuguese side for five years , with Benfica paying a reported €11 million for eighty percent of his economic rights . With the remaining twenty already owned by them , Salvio transfer summed up a then club record €13.5 million – surpassing the previous record of €12 million paid to Barcelona to acquire the services of Simão Sabrosa in 2001 . He marked his comeback in style , scoring the first of a 2–2 home draw against Braga on 18 August . He scored a career high , thirteen goals throughout the 2012–13 season . On 31 August 2013 , late into the first half of a local derby at Sporting , Salvio suffered a severe anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) injury to his right knee , going on to miss several months . It was his second serious injury in only two years ( the first , in his foot , also at the service of Benfica ) . He marked his return from injury in less than six months , playing the last 15 minutes of a 1–0 UEFA Europa League win against PAOK Salvio scored his first goal of the campaign on 3 April 2014 , netting the games only in an away success over AZ Alkmaar , for the same competition . His only other goal that came against Porto in the Portuguese Cup semi-finals as Benfica reached the final with a 3–1 victory . On 20 April 2014 , he suffered another injury , this time breaking his arm in a 2–0 win against Olhanense , as Benfica clinched their 33rd league title in the same day . Although being expected to be out for the remainder of the season , he returned to the fields just ten days later , coming on as a substitute in a 0–0 draw against Juventus , with Benfica reaching their second consecutive UEFA Europa League final . Although Salvios season was injury-plagued , he enjoyed great success as the club won the domestic treble . Salvio started the new season with goals against Paços de Ferreira and Vitória Sétubal . He scored his only European goal of the season , against Bayer Leverkusen on 1 October 2014 . Four days later , he scored his third league goal of the season , against Arouca , and made one assist in a 4–0 home win . On 22 November , he scored twice in a 4–1 win against Moreirense in the fourth round of Portuguese Cup . On 18 January 2015 , Salvio scored twice at Marítimo ( 0–4 ) in Primeira Liga . He again suffered an injury on the final day of the season , as he once again tore his ACL on his right knee , which caused him to miss most of the 2015–16 season . Salvio returned from injury on 12 February 2016 , as a substitute in a 2–1 home loss to Porto . He mostly made sporadic substitute appearances in the final three months of the season , as he failed to regain his true form . However , he was still able to celebrate another league and league cup triumphs . On 16 June 2016 , Salvio renewed his contract with Benfica for two more seasons . On 28 October , after scoring the second goal in a 3–0 win against Paços de Ferreira , Salvio became the Argentine player with the most goals scored for Benfica ( 42 ) , surpassing former teammate Nicolás Gaitán . On 12 December , he scored his third career goal against city rivals Sporting and , during the second half , once again suffered a serious injury , this time dislocating his right shoulder . He recovered less than a month and helped the club to their fourth straight league title . On 29 May 2017 , during the 2017 Taça de Portugal Final , he scored a header against Vitória de Guimarães . During the 2017–18 season , Salvio scored 9 goals in 26 appearances , finishing as the clubs second top scorer , behind Jonas . Boca Juniors . On 18 July 2019 , Benfica announced that Salvio had returned to his home country to join Boca Juniors . International career . In January 2009 , Salvio was selected to join the Argentina under-20 squad for the 2009 South American Youth Championship in Venezuela . The national team underperformed in the championship , failing to qualify to that years FIFA U-20 World Cup , thus being unable to defend its 2007 title . On 20 May 2009 , aged 18 , Salvio made his full international debut in a friendly match with Panama . The Argentine side , made up of players based in the Argentine Primera División , won it 3–1 . He also played against Chile in a 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification match . In May 2018 , Salvio was named in Argentinas 23-man squad for the FIFA World Cup in Russia . He featured in the teams first two matches , playing as a right-back . Honours . Atlético Madrid - UEFA Europa League : 2009–10 , 2011–12 - Copa del Rey runner-up : 2009–10 Benfica - Primeira Liga : 2013–14 , 2014–15 , 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2018–19 - Taça de Portugal : 2013–14 , 2016–17 - Taça da Liga : 2010–11 , 2013–14 , 2014–15 , 2015–16 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira : 2014 , 2016 , 2017 - UEFA Europa League runner-up : 2012–13 , 2013–14 Boca Juniors - Primera División : 2019–20 - Copa de la Liga Profesional : 2020 Individual - 2017 Taça de Portugal Final Man of the match |
[
"Benfica"
] | easy | Which team did the player Eduardo Salvio belong to from 2012 to Jul 2019? | /wiki/Eduardo_Salvio#P54#4 | Eduardo Salvio Eduardo Antonio Salvio ( born 13 July 1990 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a right winger for Boca Juniors and the Argentina national team . Salvio started his career with Lanús in 2008 . After moving to Europe in 2010 , he won two UEFA Europa League , with Spanish club Atlético Madrid , and four Primeira Liga titles , two Taça de Portugal , four Taça da Liga and three Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira , with Benfica in Portugal . An Argentine international , Salvio has represented his country since 2009 . Club career . Lanús . Salvio was born in Avellaneda , a port city in the province of Buenos Aires . At only 17 , he was promoted to the first team of Club Atlético Lanús for the 2007 Apertura , but did not appear in any games in the tournament as the Granate finished in top position . Salvio made his debut for Lanús first team on 24 August 2008 , in a game against Boca Juniors . He scored his first goal ( s ) for the club in a 4–2 win against Argentinos Juniors , exactly two months later . Overall , he netted nine goals in the season as the team finished fourth overall , and was also its joint-leading goal scorer , along with José Sand . On 19 August 2009 Salvio scored twice in the first leg of Lanús first stage Copa Sudamericana match , netting two late goals to help his team come from behind to defeat River Plate ( 2–1 away win , 3–1 on aggregate ) . In early January 2010 , after months of speculation , he signed for Atlético Madrid in Spain , for a reported transfer fee of €10 million . Atlético Madrid . Salvio made his official debut for Atlético in the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League against Galatasaray on 18 February 2010 , and scored his first goals for the Colchoneros in a 3–1 La Liga home win over Tenerife on 25 April . On 12 May he appeared as a substitute in the Europa League final against Fulham , coming on as a substitute for José Antonio Reyes in the 76th minute of the 2–1 triumph . On 19 August 2010 , after speculation linked him to several clubs , mostly in Spain but also in Portugal , Benfica and Atlético Madrid agreed on a season-long loan for Salvio , with the Lisbon club also buying 20% of his rights for €2.5 million . On 18 December he opened his goal scoring for Benfica , scoring twice in a 5–2 home win against Rio Ave . After a relatively slow start to Portuguese football , Salvio became a regular fixture for Benfica in the second part of the campaign , partnering several compatriots in the squad and usually appearing as a right winger . On 20 February 2011 he scored the first goal in a 2–0 away win against city rivals Sporting and , three days later , he netted his first goal in European competition , with an impressive 20-yard strike against Stuttgart in the Europa Leagues round of 32 ( 2–0 away success , 4–1 on aggregate ) ; to finalize that week , in a home league match against Marítimo , he scored the equalizer minutes after the away side opened the scoring , in an eventual 2–1 home win , and finished the campaign with 39 official games and ten successful strikes . Salvio officially returned to Atlético on 19 May to begin his rehabilitation on a calf injury sustained whilst still at Benfica , in a Europa League game against PSV . He continued to be regularly played by both Gregorio Manzano and his successor , compatriot Diego Simeone . In March 2012 , in two games separated by only five days , Salvio scored three goals : he started with a rare header to put the visitors ahead at Sevilla in an eventual 1–1 draw , then added a brace in a 3–1 home win against Beşiktaş in the campaigns Europa League . Benfica . On 31 July 2012 , Benfica and Atlético Madrid agreed on Salvio transferring permanently to the Portuguese side for five years , with Benfica paying a reported €11 million for eighty percent of his economic rights . With the remaining twenty already owned by them , Salvio transfer summed up a then club record €13.5 million – surpassing the previous record of €12 million paid to Barcelona to acquire the services of Simão Sabrosa in 2001 . He marked his comeback in style , scoring the first of a 2–2 home draw against Braga on 18 August . He scored a career high , thirteen goals throughout the 2012–13 season . On 31 August 2013 , late into the first half of a local derby at Sporting , Salvio suffered a severe anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) injury to his right knee , going on to miss several months . It was his second serious injury in only two years ( the first , in his foot , also at the service of Benfica ) . He marked his return from injury in less than six months , playing the last 15 minutes of a 1–0 UEFA Europa League win against PAOK Salvio scored his first goal of the campaign on 3 April 2014 , netting the games only in an away success over AZ Alkmaar , for the same competition . His only other goal that came against Porto in the Portuguese Cup semi-finals as Benfica reached the final with a 3–1 victory . On 20 April 2014 , he suffered another injury , this time breaking his arm in a 2–0 win against Olhanense , as Benfica clinched their 33rd league title in the same day . Although being expected to be out for the remainder of the season , he returned to the fields just ten days later , coming on as a substitute in a 0–0 draw against Juventus , with Benfica reaching their second consecutive UEFA Europa League final . Although Salvios season was injury-plagued , he enjoyed great success as the club won the domestic treble . Salvio started the new season with goals against Paços de Ferreira and Vitória Sétubal . He scored his only European goal of the season , against Bayer Leverkusen on 1 October 2014 . Four days later , he scored his third league goal of the season , against Arouca , and made one assist in a 4–0 home win . On 22 November , he scored twice in a 4–1 win against Moreirense in the fourth round of Portuguese Cup . On 18 January 2015 , Salvio scored twice at Marítimo ( 0–4 ) in Primeira Liga . He again suffered an injury on the final day of the season , as he once again tore his ACL on his right knee , which caused him to miss most of the 2015–16 season . Salvio returned from injury on 12 February 2016 , as a substitute in a 2–1 home loss to Porto . He mostly made sporadic substitute appearances in the final three months of the season , as he failed to regain his true form . However , he was still able to celebrate another league and league cup triumphs . On 16 June 2016 , Salvio renewed his contract with Benfica for two more seasons . On 28 October , after scoring the second goal in a 3–0 win against Paços de Ferreira , Salvio became the Argentine player with the most goals scored for Benfica ( 42 ) , surpassing former teammate Nicolás Gaitán . On 12 December , he scored his third career goal against city rivals Sporting and , during the second half , once again suffered a serious injury , this time dislocating his right shoulder . He recovered less than a month and helped the club to their fourth straight league title . On 29 May 2017 , during the 2017 Taça de Portugal Final , he scored a header against Vitória de Guimarães . During the 2017–18 season , Salvio scored 9 goals in 26 appearances , finishing as the clubs second top scorer , behind Jonas . Boca Juniors . On 18 July 2019 , Benfica announced that Salvio had returned to his home country to join Boca Juniors . International career . In January 2009 , Salvio was selected to join the Argentina under-20 squad for the 2009 South American Youth Championship in Venezuela . The national team underperformed in the championship , failing to qualify to that years FIFA U-20 World Cup , thus being unable to defend its 2007 title . On 20 May 2009 , aged 18 , Salvio made his full international debut in a friendly match with Panama . The Argentine side , made up of players based in the Argentine Primera División , won it 3–1 . He also played against Chile in a 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification match . In May 2018 , Salvio was named in Argentinas 23-man squad for the FIFA World Cup in Russia . He featured in the teams first two matches , playing as a right-back . Honours . Atlético Madrid - UEFA Europa League : 2009–10 , 2011–12 - Copa del Rey runner-up : 2009–10 Benfica - Primeira Liga : 2013–14 , 2014–15 , 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2018–19 - Taça de Portugal : 2013–14 , 2016–17 - Taça da Liga : 2010–11 , 2013–14 , 2014–15 , 2015–16 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira : 2014 , 2016 , 2017 - UEFA Europa League runner-up : 2012–13 , 2013–14 Boca Juniors - Primera División : 2019–20 - Copa de la Liga Profesional : 2020 Individual - 2017 Taça de Portugal Final Man of the match |
[
"Boca Juniors"
] | easy | Which team did Eduardo Salvio play for from Jul 2019 to Jul 2020? | /wiki/Eduardo_Salvio#P54#5 | Eduardo Salvio Eduardo Antonio Salvio ( born 13 July 1990 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a right winger for Boca Juniors and the Argentina national team . Salvio started his career with Lanús in 2008 . After moving to Europe in 2010 , he won two UEFA Europa League , with Spanish club Atlético Madrid , and four Primeira Liga titles , two Taça de Portugal , four Taça da Liga and three Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira , with Benfica in Portugal . An Argentine international , Salvio has represented his country since 2009 . Club career . Lanús . Salvio was born in Avellaneda , a port city in the province of Buenos Aires . At only 17 , he was promoted to the first team of Club Atlético Lanús for the 2007 Apertura , but did not appear in any games in the tournament as the Granate finished in top position . Salvio made his debut for Lanús first team on 24 August 2008 , in a game against Boca Juniors . He scored his first goal ( s ) for the club in a 4–2 win against Argentinos Juniors , exactly two months later . Overall , he netted nine goals in the season as the team finished fourth overall , and was also its joint-leading goal scorer , along with José Sand . On 19 August 2009 Salvio scored twice in the first leg of Lanús first stage Copa Sudamericana match , netting two late goals to help his team come from behind to defeat River Plate ( 2–1 away win , 3–1 on aggregate ) . In early January 2010 , after months of speculation , he signed for Atlético Madrid in Spain , for a reported transfer fee of €10 million . Atlético Madrid . Salvio made his official debut for Atlético in the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League against Galatasaray on 18 February 2010 , and scored his first goals for the Colchoneros in a 3–1 La Liga home win over Tenerife on 25 April . On 12 May he appeared as a substitute in the Europa League final against Fulham , coming on as a substitute for José Antonio Reyes in the 76th minute of the 2–1 triumph . On 19 August 2010 , after speculation linked him to several clubs , mostly in Spain but also in Portugal , Benfica and Atlético Madrid agreed on a season-long loan for Salvio , with the Lisbon club also buying 20% of his rights for €2.5 million . On 18 December he opened his goal scoring for Benfica , scoring twice in a 5–2 home win against Rio Ave . After a relatively slow start to Portuguese football , Salvio became a regular fixture for Benfica in the second part of the campaign , partnering several compatriots in the squad and usually appearing as a right winger . On 20 February 2011 he scored the first goal in a 2–0 away win against city rivals Sporting and , three days later , he netted his first goal in European competition , with an impressive 20-yard strike against Stuttgart in the Europa Leagues round of 32 ( 2–0 away success , 4–1 on aggregate ) ; to finalize that week , in a home league match against Marítimo , he scored the equalizer minutes after the away side opened the scoring , in an eventual 2–1 home win , and finished the campaign with 39 official games and ten successful strikes . Salvio officially returned to Atlético on 19 May to begin his rehabilitation on a calf injury sustained whilst still at Benfica , in a Europa League game against PSV . He continued to be regularly played by both Gregorio Manzano and his successor , compatriot Diego Simeone . In March 2012 , in two games separated by only five days , Salvio scored three goals : he started with a rare header to put the visitors ahead at Sevilla in an eventual 1–1 draw , then added a brace in a 3–1 home win against Beşiktaş in the campaigns Europa League . Benfica . On 31 July 2012 , Benfica and Atlético Madrid agreed on Salvio transferring permanently to the Portuguese side for five years , with Benfica paying a reported €11 million for eighty percent of his economic rights . With the remaining twenty already owned by them , Salvio transfer summed up a then club record €13.5 million – surpassing the previous record of €12 million paid to Barcelona to acquire the services of Simão Sabrosa in 2001 . He marked his comeback in style , scoring the first of a 2–2 home draw against Braga on 18 August . He scored a career high , thirteen goals throughout the 2012–13 season . On 31 August 2013 , late into the first half of a local derby at Sporting , Salvio suffered a severe anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) injury to his right knee , going on to miss several months . It was his second serious injury in only two years ( the first , in his foot , also at the service of Benfica ) . He marked his return from injury in less than six months , playing the last 15 minutes of a 1–0 UEFA Europa League win against PAOK Salvio scored his first goal of the campaign on 3 April 2014 , netting the games only in an away success over AZ Alkmaar , for the same competition . His only other goal that came against Porto in the Portuguese Cup semi-finals as Benfica reached the final with a 3–1 victory . On 20 April 2014 , he suffered another injury , this time breaking his arm in a 2–0 win against Olhanense , as Benfica clinched their 33rd league title in the same day . Although being expected to be out for the remainder of the season , he returned to the fields just ten days later , coming on as a substitute in a 0–0 draw against Juventus , with Benfica reaching their second consecutive UEFA Europa League final . Although Salvios season was injury-plagued , he enjoyed great success as the club won the domestic treble . Salvio started the new season with goals against Paços de Ferreira and Vitória Sétubal . He scored his only European goal of the season , against Bayer Leverkusen on 1 October 2014 . Four days later , he scored his third league goal of the season , against Arouca , and made one assist in a 4–0 home win . On 22 November , he scored twice in a 4–1 win against Moreirense in the fourth round of Portuguese Cup . On 18 January 2015 , Salvio scored twice at Marítimo ( 0–4 ) in Primeira Liga . He again suffered an injury on the final day of the season , as he once again tore his ACL on his right knee , which caused him to miss most of the 2015–16 season . Salvio returned from injury on 12 February 2016 , as a substitute in a 2–1 home loss to Porto . He mostly made sporadic substitute appearances in the final three months of the season , as he failed to regain his true form . However , he was still able to celebrate another league and league cup triumphs . On 16 June 2016 , Salvio renewed his contract with Benfica for two more seasons . On 28 October , after scoring the second goal in a 3–0 win against Paços de Ferreira , Salvio became the Argentine player with the most goals scored for Benfica ( 42 ) , surpassing former teammate Nicolás Gaitán . On 12 December , he scored his third career goal against city rivals Sporting and , during the second half , once again suffered a serious injury , this time dislocating his right shoulder . He recovered less than a month and helped the club to their fourth straight league title . On 29 May 2017 , during the 2017 Taça de Portugal Final , he scored a header against Vitória de Guimarães . During the 2017–18 season , Salvio scored 9 goals in 26 appearances , finishing as the clubs second top scorer , behind Jonas . Boca Juniors . On 18 July 2019 , Benfica announced that Salvio had returned to his home country to join Boca Juniors . International career . In January 2009 , Salvio was selected to join the Argentina under-20 squad for the 2009 South American Youth Championship in Venezuela . The national team underperformed in the championship , failing to qualify to that years FIFA U-20 World Cup , thus being unable to defend its 2007 title . On 20 May 2009 , aged 18 , Salvio made his full international debut in a friendly match with Panama . The Argentine side , made up of players based in the Argentine Primera División , won it 3–1 . He also played against Chile in a 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification match . In May 2018 , Salvio was named in Argentinas 23-man squad for the FIFA World Cup in Russia . He featured in the teams first two matches , playing as a right-back . Honours . Atlético Madrid - UEFA Europa League : 2009–10 , 2011–12 - Copa del Rey runner-up : 2009–10 Benfica - Primeira Liga : 2013–14 , 2014–15 , 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2018–19 - Taça de Portugal : 2013–14 , 2016–17 - Taça da Liga : 2010–11 , 2013–14 , 2014–15 , 2015–16 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira : 2014 , 2016 , 2017 - UEFA Europa League runner-up : 2012–13 , 2013–14 Boca Juniors - Primera División : 2019–20 - Copa de la Liga Profesional : 2020 Individual - 2017 Taça de Portugal Final Man of the match |
[
"Bishop of Łomża"
] | easy | What position did Juliusz Paetz take in Dec 1982? | /wiki/Juliusz_Paetz#P39#0 | Juliusz Paetz Juliusz Paetz ( 2 February 1935 – 15 November 2019 ) was a Polish bishop of the Catholic Church . He served as the Bishop of Łomża from 1982 to 1996 and as the Archbishop of Poznań from 1996 to 2002 , when his resignation was accepted following accusations of inappropriate sexual behavior . After 2002 , he was archbishop emeritus of Poznań . Biography . Paetz was born on 2 February 1935 in Poznań and ordained a priest 28 June 1959 in Poznan Cathedral by Archbishop Antoni Baraniak . He worked as a curate in the parishes of Ostrow Wielkopolski and Poznan . He lived in Italy from 1967 to 1982 . He worked in the Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops . In 1976 he was appointed prelate of the Popes anteroom . He collaborated with the Popes Paul VI , John Paul I and John Paul II . In 1981 he was awarded the Commanders Cross of the Order of Merit of Portugal . Bishop . On 20 December 1982 , Paetz was appointed Bishop of Łomża . He was consecrated bishop 6 January 1983 in St . Peters Basilica by Pope John Paul II and took possession of his diocese on 13 March 1983 . On 11 April 1996 he was appointed Archbishop of Poznań . Abuse accusations . In 2002 , Paetz was accused of sexually molesting seminarians . A Polish newspaper reported that his homosexual inclinations .. . had been known for at least two years and he had been refused access to a seminary by its rector . It said that a Vatican inquiry had confirmed the substance of the allegations against Paetz , which he continued to deny . He said : I deny all the information published by the media and I assure you that it is a misinterpretation of my words and behavior.. . The biggest criminals have a right to anonymity unless a court decides otherwise . I was deprived of that . Mass media have already judged me and sentenced me . Pope John Paul II called it a grave scandal . He accepted his resignation and placed sanctions on him , prohibiting Paetz from exercising his ministry as bishop . Paetz said : Not everyone understood my open attitude to people and their problems . It was reported in 2010 that Pope Benedict XVI lifted these restrictions , which Vatican spokesman Federico Lombardi denied saying his rehabilitation was without foundation . Paetz remained Archbishop emeritus , having been replaced in Poznań by Stanisław Gądecki on the day he retired in 2002 . He continued to participate on in episcopal ordinations and was seen on Polish TV greeting Pope Benedict XVI on his visit to Poland in 2006 . In 2016 , when Paetz planned to participate in a celebration in Poznań of the 1050th anniversary of Christianity in Poland , the Papal Nuncio to Poland , Archbishop Celestino Migliore , reminded him that he was not supposed to . He wrote : Media news about your participation in official celebrations of the anniversary of Polands baptism has created a new situation of unnecessary and harmful commotion for the church in Poland and the Holy See . It blatantly contradicts the instructions given you . Paetz commented : Why not ? I am on home ground here . |
[
"consecrated bishop"
] | easy | Juliusz Paetz took which position from 1983 to Apr 1996? | /wiki/Juliusz_Paetz#P39#1 | Juliusz Paetz Juliusz Paetz ( 2 February 1935 – 15 November 2019 ) was a Polish bishop of the Catholic Church . He served as the Bishop of Łomża from 1982 to 1996 and as the Archbishop of Poznań from 1996 to 2002 , when his resignation was accepted following accusations of inappropriate sexual behavior . After 2002 , he was archbishop emeritus of Poznań . Biography . Paetz was born on 2 February 1935 in Poznań and ordained a priest 28 June 1959 in Poznan Cathedral by Archbishop Antoni Baraniak . He worked as a curate in the parishes of Ostrow Wielkopolski and Poznan . He lived in Italy from 1967 to 1982 . He worked in the Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops . In 1976 he was appointed prelate of the Popes anteroom . He collaborated with the Popes Paul VI , John Paul I and John Paul II . In 1981 he was awarded the Commanders Cross of the Order of Merit of Portugal . Bishop . On 20 December 1982 , Paetz was appointed Bishop of Łomża . He was consecrated bishop 6 January 1983 in St . Peters Basilica by Pope John Paul II and took possession of his diocese on 13 March 1983 . On 11 April 1996 he was appointed Archbishop of Poznań . Abuse accusations . In 2002 , Paetz was accused of sexually molesting seminarians . A Polish newspaper reported that his homosexual inclinations .. . had been known for at least two years and he had been refused access to a seminary by its rector . It said that a Vatican inquiry had confirmed the substance of the allegations against Paetz , which he continued to deny . He said : I deny all the information published by the media and I assure you that it is a misinterpretation of my words and behavior.. . The biggest criminals have a right to anonymity unless a court decides otherwise . I was deprived of that . Mass media have already judged me and sentenced me . Pope John Paul II called it a grave scandal . He accepted his resignation and placed sanctions on him , prohibiting Paetz from exercising his ministry as bishop . Paetz said : Not everyone understood my open attitude to people and their problems . It was reported in 2010 that Pope Benedict XVI lifted these restrictions , which Vatican spokesman Federico Lombardi denied saying his rehabilitation was without foundation . Paetz remained Archbishop emeritus , having been replaced in Poznań by Stanisław Gądecki on the day he retired in 2002 . He continued to participate on in episcopal ordinations and was seen on Polish TV greeting Pope Benedict XVI on his visit to Poland in 2006 . In 2016 , when Paetz planned to participate in a celebration in Poznań of the 1050th anniversary of Christianity in Poland , the Papal Nuncio to Poland , Archbishop Celestino Migliore , reminded him that he was not supposed to . He wrote : Media news about your participation in official celebrations of the anniversary of Polands baptism has created a new situation of unnecessary and harmful commotion for the church in Poland and the Holy See . It blatantly contradicts the instructions given you . Paetz commented : Why not ? I am on home ground here . |
[
"Archbishop of Poznań"
] | easy | What was the position of Juliusz Paetz from Apr 1996 to Mar 2002? | /wiki/Juliusz_Paetz#P39#2 | Juliusz Paetz Juliusz Paetz ( 2 February 1935 – 15 November 2019 ) was a Polish bishop of the Catholic Church . He served as the Bishop of Łomża from 1982 to 1996 and as the Archbishop of Poznań from 1996 to 2002 , when his resignation was accepted following accusations of inappropriate sexual behavior . After 2002 , he was archbishop emeritus of Poznań . Biography . Paetz was born on 2 February 1935 in Poznań and ordained a priest 28 June 1959 in Poznan Cathedral by Archbishop Antoni Baraniak . He worked as a curate in the parishes of Ostrow Wielkopolski and Poznan . He lived in Italy from 1967 to 1982 . He worked in the Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops . In 1976 he was appointed prelate of the Popes anteroom . He collaborated with the Popes Paul VI , John Paul I and John Paul II . In 1981 he was awarded the Commanders Cross of the Order of Merit of Portugal . Bishop . On 20 December 1982 , Paetz was appointed Bishop of Łomża . He was consecrated bishop 6 January 1983 in St . Peters Basilica by Pope John Paul II and took possession of his diocese on 13 March 1983 . On 11 April 1996 he was appointed Archbishop of Poznań . Abuse accusations . In 2002 , Paetz was accused of sexually molesting seminarians . A Polish newspaper reported that his homosexual inclinations .. . had been known for at least two years and he had been refused access to a seminary by its rector . It said that a Vatican inquiry had confirmed the substance of the allegations against Paetz , which he continued to deny . He said : I deny all the information published by the media and I assure you that it is a misinterpretation of my words and behavior.. . The biggest criminals have a right to anonymity unless a court decides otherwise . I was deprived of that . Mass media have already judged me and sentenced me . Pope John Paul II called it a grave scandal . He accepted his resignation and placed sanctions on him , prohibiting Paetz from exercising his ministry as bishop . Paetz said : Not everyone understood my open attitude to people and their problems . It was reported in 2010 that Pope Benedict XVI lifted these restrictions , which Vatican spokesman Federico Lombardi denied saying his rehabilitation was without foundation . Paetz remained Archbishop emeritus , having been replaced in Poznań by Stanisław Gądecki on the day he retired in 2002 . He continued to participate on in episcopal ordinations and was seen on Polish TV greeting Pope Benedict XVI on his visit to Poland in 2006 . In 2016 , when Paetz planned to participate in a celebration in Poznań of the 1050th anniversary of Christianity in Poland , the Papal Nuncio to Poland , Archbishop Celestino Migliore , reminded him that he was not supposed to . He wrote : Media news about your participation in official celebrations of the anniversary of Polands baptism has created a new situation of unnecessary and harmful commotion for the church in Poland and the Holy See . It blatantly contradicts the instructions given you . Paetz commented : Why not ? I am on home ground here . |
[
""
] | easy | Which position did Juliusz Paetz hold from Mar 2002 to Mar 2003? | /wiki/Juliusz_Paetz#P39#3 | Juliusz Paetz Juliusz Paetz ( 2 February 1935 – 15 November 2019 ) was a Polish bishop of the Catholic Church . He served as the Bishop of Łomża from 1982 to 1996 and as the Archbishop of Poznań from 1996 to 2002 , when his resignation was accepted following accusations of inappropriate sexual behavior . After 2002 , he was archbishop emeritus of Poznań . Biography . Paetz was born on 2 February 1935 in Poznań and ordained a priest 28 June 1959 in Poznan Cathedral by Archbishop Antoni Baraniak . He worked as a curate in the parishes of Ostrow Wielkopolski and Poznan . He lived in Italy from 1967 to 1982 . He worked in the Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops . In 1976 he was appointed prelate of the Popes anteroom . He collaborated with the Popes Paul VI , John Paul I and John Paul II . In 1981 he was awarded the Commanders Cross of the Order of Merit of Portugal . Bishop . On 20 December 1982 , Paetz was appointed Bishop of Łomża . He was consecrated bishop 6 January 1983 in St . Peters Basilica by Pope John Paul II and took possession of his diocese on 13 March 1983 . On 11 April 1996 he was appointed Archbishop of Poznań . Abuse accusations . In 2002 , Paetz was accused of sexually molesting seminarians . A Polish newspaper reported that his homosexual inclinations .. . had been known for at least two years and he had been refused access to a seminary by its rector . It said that a Vatican inquiry had confirmed the substance of the allegations against Paetz , which he continued to deny . He said : I deny all the information published by the media and I assure you that it is a misinterpretation of my words and behavior.. . The biggest criminals have a right to anonymity unless a court decides otherwise . I was deprived of that . Mass media have already judged me and sentenced me . Pope John Paul II called it a grave scandal . He accepted his resignation and placed sanctions on him , prohibiting Paetz from exercising his ministry as bishop . Paetz said : Not everyone understood my open attitude to people and their problems . It was reported in 2010 that Pope Benedict XVI lifted these restrictions , which Vatican spokesman Federico Lombardi denied saying his rehabilitation was without foundation . Paetz remained Archbishop emeritus , having been replaced in Poznań by Stanisław Gądecki on the day he retired in 2002 . He continued to participate on in episcopal ordinations and was seen on Polish TV greeting Pope Benedict XVI on his visit to Poland in 2006 . In 2016 , when Paetz planned to participate in a celebration in Poznań of the 1050th anniversary of Christianity in Poland , the Papal Nuncio to Poland , Archbishop Celestino Migliore , reminded him that he was not supposed to . He wrote : Media news about your participation in official celebrations of the anniversary of Polands baptism has created a new situation of unnecessary and harmful commotion for the church in Poland and the Holy See . It blatantly contradicts the instructions given you . Paetz commented : Why not ? I am on home ground here . |
[
"PFC Slavia Sofia"
] | easy | Which team did the player Petar Aleksandrov belong to from 1982 to 1989? | /wiki/Petar_Aleksandrov#P54#0 | Petar Aleksandrov Petar Aleksandrov Aleksandrov ( ; born 7 December 1962 ) is a Bulgarian football coach and former player . As a footballer Aleksandrov played for various clubs in Bulgaria , Belgium , Germany and Switzerland during the 1980s and 1990s . He was a striker , noted for his goal-scoring ability . Aleksandrov was capped 25 times for the Bulgarian national team , scoring 5 goals , and played in the 1994 FIFA World Cup . Career . As a player . Born in Karlovo , Aleksandrov started playing professionally with home-town club Levski Karlovo in 1981 before moving to PFC Slavia Sofia a year later . He played at Slavia for seven years and helped the club win the Balkans Cup in 1986 and 1988 , and secure third-placed finishes in 1982 and 1986 . For Slavia Aleksandrov played in 173 matches and scored 100 goals . In 1989 , he signed for Belgiums K.V . Kortrijk where his form earned him a move to FC Energie Cottbus of East Germany in 1990 . He struggled there , however , and moved on to FC Aarau in Switzerland after just one season . He was a major success at Aarau before he made his way back to Bulgaria to play for PFC Levski Sofia . Despite his excellent goal record , he played at Levski for just one and a half seasons as he returned to Switzerland with Neuchâtel Xamax in January 1995 . The following January , he signed for FC Luzern and he went on to play over fifty league matches for the club before going to FC Aarau for a second spell in 1998 . In 2000 , he played for FC Basel for a short while before dropping down to the Swiss lower leagues where he continued to play for another two years with Kickers Luzern and Blue Star Zürich . He was capped 25 times by the Bulgarian national team and was part of the squad that reached the semi-finals of the 1994 World Cup . His international debut came in a 0–0 draw with Scotland on 10 September 1987 and he went on to score five international goals . Aleksandrov came on as a substitute for the last 10 minutes in the memorable 2:1 away win over France on 17 November 1993 , which secured Bulgarias qualification for the 1994 World Cup . As a coach . After his retirement from playing , Aleksandrov stayed in Switzerland and managed the reserve squad of FC Aarau from 2002 until 2004 when he became the assistant manager of Greek side PAOK F.C. . In 2006 , he was appointed as fellow countryman Krassimir Balakovs assistant at FC St . Gallen but he left after a few months to join the coaching staff at Grasshopper Club Zürich . In 2008 , Plamen Markov named him as his assistant at the Bulgarian national team . Honours . Club . Slavia Sofia - Balkans Cup ( 2 ) : 1986 , 1988 FC Aarau - Swiss Nationalliga A : 1992–93 Levski Sofia - A Group : 1993–94 - Bulgarian Cup : 1993–94 Individual - Swiss Nationalliga A Top Scorer ( 2 ) : 1994–95 , 1995–96 - Foreigner of the Year in Switzerland : 1994–95 External links . - Profile at Levskisofia.info |
[
"K.V . Kortrijk"
] | easy | Which team did the player Petar Aleksandrov belong to from 1989 to 1990? | /wiki/Petar_Aleksandrov#P54#1 | Petar Aleksandrov Petar Aleksandrov Aleksandrov ( ; born 7 December 1962 ) is a Bulgarian football coach and former player . As a footballer Aleksandrov played for various clubs in Bulgaria , Belgium , Germany and Switzerland during the 1980s and 1990s . He was a striker , noted for his goal-scoring ability . Aleksandrov was capped 25 times for the Bulgarian national team , scoring 5 goals , and played in the 1994 FIFA World Cup . Career . As a player . Born in Karlovo , Aleksandrov started playing professionally with home-town club Levski Karlovo in 1981 before moving to PFC Slavia Sofia a year later . He played at Slavia for seven years and helped the club win the Balkans Cup in 1986 and 1988 , and secure third-placed finishes in 1982 and 1986 . For Slavia Aleksandrov played in 173 matches and scored 100 goals . In 1989 , he signed for Belgiums K.V . Kortrijk where his form earned him a move to FC Energie Cottbus of East Germany in 1990 . He struggled there , however , and moved on to FC Aarau in Switzerland after just one season . He was a major success at Aarau before he made his way back to Bulgaria to play for PFC Levski Sofia . Despite his excellent goal record , he played at Levski for just one and a half seasons as he returned to Switzerland with Neuchâtel Xamax in January 1995 . The following January , he signed for FC Luzern and he went on to play over fifty league matches for the club before going to FC Aarau for a second spell in 1998 . In 2000 , he played for FC Basel for a short while before dropping down to the Swiss lower leagues where he continued to play for another two years with Kickers Luzern and Blue Star Zürich . He was capped 25 times by the Bulgarian national team and was part of the squad that reached the semi-finals of the 1994 World Cup . His international debut came in a 0–0 draw with Scotland on 10 September 1987 and he went on to score five international goals . Aleksandrov came on as a substitute for the last 10 minutes in the memorable 2:1 away win over France on 17 November 1993 , which secured Bulgarias qualification for the 1994 World Cup . As a coach . After his retirement from playing , Aleksandrov stayed in Switzerland and managed the reserve squad of FC Aarau from 2002 until 2004 when he became the assistant manager of Greek side PAOK F.C. . In 2006 , he was appointed as fellow countryman Krassimir Balakovs assistant at FC St . Gallen but he left after a few months to join the coaching staff at Grasshopper Club Zürich . In 2008 , Plamen Markov named him as his assistant at the Bulgarian national team . Honours . Club . Slavia Sofia - Balkans Cup ( 2 ) : 1986 , 1988 FC Aarau - Swiss Nationalliga A : 1992–93 Levski Sofia - A Group : 1993–94 - Bulgarian Cup : 1993–94 Individual - Swiss Nationalliga A Top Scorer ( 2 ) : 1994–95 , 1995–96 - Foreigner of the Year in Switzerland : 1994–95 External links . - Profile at Levskisofia.info |
[
"FC Energie Cottbus"
] | easy | Which team did the player Petar Aleksandrov belong to from 1990 to 1991? | /wiki/Petar_Aleksandrov#P54#2 | Petar Aleksandrov Petar Aleksandrov Aleksandrov ( ; born 7 December 1962 ) is a Bulgarian football coach and former player . As a footballer Aleksandrov played for various clubs in Bulgaria , Belgium , Germany and Switzerland during the 1980s and 1990s . He was a striker , noted for his goal-scoring ability . Aleksandrov was capped 25 times for the Bulgarian national team , scoring 5 goals , and played in the 1994 FIFA World Cup . Career . As a player . Born in Karlovo , Aleksandrov started playing professionally with home-town club Levski Karlovo in 1981 before moving to PFC Slavia Sofia a year later . He played at Slavia for seven years and helped the club win the Balkans Cup in 1986 and 1988 , and secure third-placed finishes in 1982 and 1986 . For Slavia Aleksandrov played in 173 matches and scored 100 goals . In 1989 , he signed for Belgiums K.V . Kortrijk where his form earned him a move to FC Energie Cottbus of East Germany in 1990 . He struggled there , however , and moved on to FC Aarau in Switzerland after just one season . He was a major success at Aarau before he made his way back to Bulgaria to play for PFC Levski Sofia . Despite his excellent goal record , he played at Levski for just one and a half seasons as he returned to Switzerland with Neuchâtel Xamax in January 1995 . The following January , he signed for FC Luzern and he went on to play over fifty league matches for the club before going to FC Aarau for a second spell in 1998 . In 2000 , he played for FC Basel for a short while before dropping down to the Swiss lower leagues where he continued to play for another two years with Kickers Luzern and Blue Star Zürich . He was capped 25 times by the Bulgarian national team and was part of the squad that reached the semi-finals of the 1994 World Cup . His international debut came in a 0–0 draw with Scotland on 10 September 1987 and he went on to score five international goals . Aleksandrov came on as a substitute for the last 10 minutes in the memorable 2:1 away win over France on 17 November 1993 , which secured Bulgarias qualification for the 1994 World Cup . As a coach . After his retirement from playing , Aleksandrov stayed in Switzerland and managed the reserve squad of FC Aarau from 2002 until 2004 when he became the assistant manager of Greek side PAOK F.C. . In 2006 , he was appointed as fellow countryman Krassimir Balakovs assistant at FC St . Gallen but he left after a few months to join the coaching staff at Grasshopper Club Zürich . In 2008 , Plamen Markov named him as his assistant at the Bulgarian national team . Honours . Club . Slavia Sofia - Balkans Cup ( 2 ) : 1986 , 1988 FC Aarau - Swiss Nationalliga A : 1992–93 Levski Sofia - A Group : 1993–94 - Bulgarian Cup : 1993–94 Individual - Swiss Nationalliga A Top Scorer ( 2 ) : 1994–95 , 1995–96 - Foreigner of the Year in Switzerland : 1994–95 External links . - Profile at Levskisofia.info |
[
"FC Aarau"
] | easy | Which team did the player Petar Aleksandrov belong to from 1991 to 1993? | /wiki/Petar_Aleksandrov#P54#3 | Petar Aleksandrov Petar Aleksandrov Aleksandrov ( ; born 7 December 1962 ) is a Bulgarian football coach and former player . As a footballer Aleksandrov played for various clubs in Bulgaria , Belgium , Germany and Switzerland during the 1980s and 1990s . He was a striker , noted for his goal-scoring ability . Aleksandrov was capped 25 times for the Bulgarian national team , scoring 5 goals , and played in the 1994 FIFA World Cup . Career . As a player . Born in Karlovo , Aleksandrov started playing professionally with home-town club Levski Karlovo in 1981 before moving to PFC Slavia Sofia a year later . He played at Slavia for seven years and helped the club win the Balkans Cup in 1986 and 1988 , and secure third-placed finishes in 1982 and 1986 . For Slavia Aleksandrov played in 173 matches and scored 100 goals . In 1989 , he signed for Belgiums K.V . Kortrijk where his form earned him a move to FC Energie Cottbus of East Germany in 1990 . He struggled there , however , and moved on to FC Aarau in Switzerland after just one season . He was a major success at Aarau before he made his way back to Bulgaria to play for PFC Levski Sofia . Despite his excellent goal record , he played at Levski for just one and a half seasons as he returned to Switzerland with Neuchâtel Xamax in January 1995 . The following January , he signed for FC Luzern and he went on to play over fifty league matches for the club before going to FC Aarau for a second spell in 1998 . In 2000 , he played for FC Basel for a short while before dropping down to the Swiss lower leagues where he continued to play for another two years with Kickers Luzern and Blue Star Zürich . He was capped 25 times by the Bulgarian national team and was part of the squad that reached the semi-finals of the 1994 World Cup . His international debut came in a 0–0 draw with Scotland on 10 September 1987 and he went on to score five international goals . Aleksandrov came on as a substitute for the last 10 minutes in the memorable 2:1 away win over France on 17 November 1993 , which secured Bulgarias qualification for the 1994 World Cup . As a coach . After his retirement from playing , Aleksandrov stayed in Switzerland and managed the reserve squad of FC Aarau from 2002 until 2004 when he became the assistant manager of Greek side PAOK F.C. . In 2006 , he was appointed as fellow countryman Krassimir Balakovs assistant at FC St . Gallen but he left after a few months to join the coaching staff at Grasshopper Club Zürich . In 2008 , Plamen Markov named him as his assistant at the Bulgarian national team . Honours . Club . Slavia Sofia - Balkans Cup ( 2 ) : 1986 , 1988 FC Aarau - Swiss Nationalliga A : 1992–93 Levski Sofia - A Group : 1993–94 - Bulgarian Cup : 1993–94 Individual - Swiss Nationalliga A Top Scorer ( 2 ) : 1994–95 , 1995–96 - Foreigner of the Year in Switzerland : 1994–95 External links . - Profile at Levskisofia.info |
[
"PFC Levski Sofia"
] | easy | Petar Aleksandrov played for which team from 1993 to 1994? | /wiki/Petar_Aleksandrov#P54#4 | Petar Aleksandrov Petar Aleksandrov Aleksandrov ( ; born 7 December 1962 ) is a Bulgarian football coach and former player . As a footballer Aleksandrov played for various clubs in Bulgaria , Belgium , Germany and Switzerland during the 1980s and 1990s . He was a striker , noted for his goal-scoring ability . Aleksandrov was capped 25 times for the Bulgarian national team , scoring 5 goals , and played in the 1994 FIFA World Cup . Career . As a player . Born in Karlovo , Aleksandrov started playing professionally with home-town club Levski Karlovo in 1981 before moving to PFC Slavia Sofia a year later . He played at Slavia for seven years and helped the club win the Balkans Cup in 1986 and 1988 , and secure third-placed finishes in 1982 and 1986 . For Slavia Aleksandrov played in 173 matches and scored 100 goals . In 1989 , he signed for Belgiums K.V . Kortrijk where his form earned him a move to FC Energie Cottbus of East Germany in 1990 . He struggled there , however , and moved on to FC Aarau in Switzerland after just one season . He was a major success at Aarau before he made his way back to Bulgaria to play for PFC Levski Sofia . Despite his excellent goal record , he played at Levski for just one and a half seasons as he returned to Switzerland with Neuchâtel Xamax in January 1995 . The following January , he signed for FC Luzern and he went on to play over fifty league matches for the club before going to FC Aarau for a second spell in 1998 . In 2000 , he played for FC Basel for a short while before dropping down to the Swiss lower leagues where he continued to play for another two years with Kickers Luzern and Blue Star Zürich . He was capped 25 times by the Bulgarian national team and was part of the squad that reached the semi-finals of the 1994 World Cup . His international debut came in a 0–0 draw with Scotland on 10 September 1987 and he went on to score five international goals . Aleksandrov came on as a substitute for the last 10 minutes in the memorable 2:1 away win over France on 17 November 1993 , which secured Bulgarias qualification for the 1994 World Cup . As a coach . After his retirement from playing , Aleksandrov stayed in Switzerland and managed the reserve squad of FC Aarau from 2002 until 2004 when he became the assistant manager of Greek side PAOK F.C. . In 2006 , he was appointed as fellow countryman Krassimir Balakovs assistant at FC St . Gallen but he left after a few months to join the coaching staff at Grasshopper Club Zürich . In 2008 , Plamen Markov named him as his assistant at the Bulgarian national team . Honours . Club . Slavia Sofia - Balkans Cup ( 2 ) : 1986 , 1988 FC Aarau - Swiss Nationalliga A : 1992–93 Levski Sofia - A Group : 1993–94 - Bulgarian Cup : 1993–94 Individual - Swiss Nationalliga A Top Scorer ( 2 ) : 1994–95 , 1995–96 - Foreigner of the Year in Switzerland : 1994–95 External links . - Profile at Levskisofia.info |
[
"Neuchâtel Xamax"
] | easy | Petar Aleksandrov played for which team from 1994 to 1995? | /wiki/Petar_Aleksandrov#P54#5 | Petar Aleksandrov Petar Aleksandrov Aleksandrov ( ; born 7 December 1962 ) is a Bulgarian football coach and former player . As a footballer Aleksandrov played for various clubs in Bulgaria , Belgium , Germany and Switzerland during the 1980s and 1990s . He was a striker , noted for his goal-scoring ability . Aleksandrov was capped 25 times for the Bulgarian national team , scoring 5 goals , and played in the 1994 FIFA World Cup . Career . As a player . Born in Karlovo , Aleksandrov started playing professionally with home-town club Levski Karlovo in 1981 before moving to PFC Slavia Sofia a year later . He played at Slavia for seven years and helped the club win the Balkans Cup in 1986 and 1988 , and secure third-placed finishes in 1982 and 1986 . For Slavia Aleksandrov played in 173 matches and scored 100 goals . In 1989 , he signed for Belgiums K.V . Kortrijk where his form earned him a move to FC Energie Cottbus of East Germany in 1990 . He struggled there , however , and moved on to FC Aarau in Switzerland after just one season . He was a major success at Aarau before he made his way back to Bulgaria to play for PFC Levski Sofia . Despite his excellent goal record , he played at Levski for just one and a half seasons as he returned to Switzerland with Neuchâtel Xamax in January 1995 . The following January , he signed for FC Luzern and he went on to play over fifty league matches for the club before going to FC Aarau for a second spell in 1998 . In 2000 , he played for FC Basel for a short while before dropping down to the Swiss lower leagues where he continued to play for another two years with Kickers Luzern and Blue Star Zürich . He was capped 25 times by the Bulgarian national team and was part of the squad that reached the semi-finals of the 1994 World Cup . His international debut came in a 0–0 draw with Scotland on 10 September 1987 and he went on to score five international goals . Aleksandrov came on as a substitute for the last 10 minutes in the memorable 2:1 away win over France on 17 November 1993 , which secured Bulgarias qualification for the 1994 World Cup . As a coach . After his retirement from playing , Aleksandrov stayed in Switzerland and managed the reserve squad of FC Aarau from 2002 until 2004 when he became the assistant manager of Greek side PAOK F.C. . In 2006 , he was appointed as fellow countryman Krassimir Balakovs assistant at FC St . Gallen but he left after a few months to join the coaching staff at Grasshopper Club Zürich . In 2008 , Plamen Markov named him as his assistant at the Bulgarian national team . Honours . Club . Slavia Sofia - Balkans Cup ( 2 ) : 1986 , 1988 FC Aarau - Swiss Nationalliga A : 1992–93 Levski Sofia - A Group : 1993–94 - Bulgarian Cup : 1993–94 Individual - Swiss Nationalliga A Top Scorer ( 2 ) : 1994–95 , 1995–96 - Foreigner of the Year in Switzerland : 1994–95 External links . - Profile at Levskisofia.info |
[
"FC Luzern"
] | easy | Petar Aleksandrov played for which team from 1995 to 1997? | /wiki/Petar_Aleksandrov#P54#6 | Petar Aleksandrov Petar Aleksandrov Aleksandrov ( ; born 7 December 1962 ) is a Bulgarian football coach and former player . As a footballer Aleksandrov played for various clubs in Bulgaria , Belgium , Germany and Switzerland during the 1980s and 1990s . He was a striker , noted for his goal-scoring ability . Aleksandrov was capped 25 times for the Bulgarian national team , scoring 5 goals , and played in the 1994 FIFA World Cup . Career . As a player . Born in Karlovo , Aleksandrov started playing professionally with home-town club Levski Karlovo in 1981 before moving to PFC Slavia Sofia a year later . He played at Slavia for seven years and helped the club win the Balkans Cup in 1986 and 1988 , and secure third-placed finishes in 1982 and 1986 . For Slavia Aleksandrov played in 173 matches and scored 100 goals . In 1989 , he signed for Belgiums K.V . Kortrijk where his form earned him a move to FC Energie Cottbus of East Germany in 1990 . He struggled there , however , and moved on to FC Aarau in Switzerland after just one season . He was a major success at Aarau before he made his way back to Bulgaria to play for PFC Levski Sofia . Despite his excellent goal record , he played at Levski for just one and a half seasons as he returned to Switzerland with Neuchâtel Xamax in January 1995 . The following January , he signed for FC Luzern and he went on to play over fifty league matches for the club before going to FC Aarau for a second spell in 1998 . In 2000 , he played for FC Basel for a short while before dropping down to the Swiss lower leagues where he continued to play for another two years with Kickers Luzern and Blue Star Zürich . He was capped 25 times by the Bulgarian national team and was part of the squad that reached the semi-finals of the 1994 World Cup . His international debut came in a 0–0 draw with Scotland on 10 September 1987 and he went on to score five international goals . Aleksandrov came on as a substitute for the last 10 minutes in the memorable 2:1 away win over France on 17 November 1993 , which secured Bulgarias qualification for the 1994 World Cup . As a coach . After his retirement from playing , Aleksandrov stayed in Switzerland and managed the reserve squad of FC Aarau from 2002 until 2004 when he became the assistant manager of Greek side PAOK F.C. . In 2006 , he was appointed as fellow countryman Krassimir Balakovs assistant at FC St . Gallen but he left after a few months to join the coaching staff at Grasshopper Club Zürich . In 2008 , Plamen Markov named him as his assistant at the Bulgarian national team . Honours . Club . Slavia Sofia - Balkans Cup ( 2 ) : 1986 , 1988 FC Aarau - Swiss Nationalliga A : 1992–93 Levski Sofia - A Group : 1993–94 - Bulgarian Cup : 1993–94 Individual - Swiss Nationalliga A Top Scorer ( 2 ) : 1994–95 , 1995–96 - Foreigner of the Year in Switzerland : 1994–95 External links . - Profile at Levskisofia.info |
[
"second deputy"
] | easy | Which position did Inge Ryan hold from 1993 to 1997? | /wiki/Inge_Ryan#P39#0 | Inge Ryan Inge Ryan ( born 15 August 1956 in Overhalla ) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party . From 2009 to 2017 , he was County Governor of Nord-Trøndelag . Ryan was mayor of Namsskogan from 1991 to 1995 , and was a member of the Parliament of Norway from 2001 to 2009 , the last four years as his partys parliamentary leader . Early and personal life . Ryan was born 15 August 1956 in Overhalla of forester Arvid Ryan and nurse Irene Opdal . He attended Øysletta School from 1963 to 1969 . At the age of eight , he started the association Tiger to establish a ski jump . He attended Overhalla Lower Secondary School from 1969 to 1972 , and was during the period active in orienteering and association football as a goalie . He attended Namdal Upper Secondary School from 1972 to 1975 , where he took general academics . During secondary school , his best subject was history . On 5 November 2005 , Ryan married Bjørg Tørresdal . She was a fellow member of parliament , representing the Christian Democratic Party . Priest and Minister of the Environment Helen Bjørnøy wedded the couple . In June 2009 , Ryan was admitted to Ullevål University Hospital for treatment . His close friend and Minister of Health and Care Services , Bjarne Håkon Hanssen from the Labour Party , phoned director Tove Strand at Ullevål to inquire why Ryan was not admitted to Rikshospitalet and whether he was receiving the necessary treatment . This spurred a public debate about the incident . Professional career . While attending secondary school , Ryan had several small jobs , including for Øyvind Johansen . When 18 , Ryan worked at a fish factory in Sørvær . Ryan worked as a teacher at Skorovatn School from 1975 to 1977 , after which he studied teaching at Levanger College and Alta College , graduating in 1980 . He has also studied history at Bodø College and pedagogy at the University of Trondheim . He then started working as a teacher at Trones School in Namsskogan until 1987 , when he was appointed principal . Among his pedagogical methods were starting a local radio station , run by the students , and establishing the zoo Namsskogan Familiepark , with the pupils as minority shareholders , and established a bakery run by the students . He returned as teacher in 1991 , but chose to apply for the job as principal in Alvdal . He was awarded the job , but was elected mayor before starting the job . Ryan was also a board member of Namsskogan Familiepark from 1987 to 1991 . He worked as mayor from 1991 to 1995 , and from then until 1997 was regional director of the Norwegian Public Employment Service . In 1996 , he applied for the job as chief-of-administration in Tromsø , but failed to get the job . He quit this job in protest against the states unemployment policies , because he had been instructed to depopulate Indre Namdal , because the agency policies required people to be moved if they could not get jobs locally . From 1997 to 2001 , he was the director of Indre Namdal Regional Council . From 2001 to 2009 , Ryan worked as a full-time member of parliament . On 19 December 2008 , Ryan was appointed County Governor of Nord-Trøndelag . He started on 1 November 2009 , succeeding Oddbjørn Nordset , who had been acting for Inger Lise Gjørv since 2008 . Initially , he held the position for six years . Political career . Ryans first political activity started at the age of 15 , when his grandfather Helge Opdal took him to a political meeting , where Ryan listed to the Labour politician Guttorm Hansen . In 1971 , Ryan attended Red Youths summer camp , the youth wing of the Red Electoral Alliance . He was given a code name and started a chapter in Overhalla . At upper secondary school , Ryan became an active promoter of the socialist newspaper Klassekampen . Ryans interest for politics died down afterwards . Municipal and county . Prior to the 1983 municipal election , Odd Einar Dørum , the leader of the Liberal Party asked him to run as a candidate for the municipal council , and Ryan accepted since he did not disagree with anything on the program . He was however not elected . In 1989 , the Socialist Left Party started a chapter in Namsskogan , and Ryan was nominated as top candidate . Following the 1991 election , the party won 26.2% of the popular vote . The party cooperated with the Centre Party , which involved the Socialist Left Party gaining the mayor for the four-year term in exchange for supporting the Centre Partys candidate in the next term . Ryan , who had never met in a single municipal council meeting , was thereby elected mayor . Nationally , the party captured only seven mayors in the election . In the same election , Ryan was also elected member of Nord-Trøndelag County Council . The following year , Ryan was appointed as board member of the county-owned power company Nord-Trøndelag Elektrisitetsverk , where he sat until 1999 . He was also leader of the Namsskogan chapter of the Socialist Left Party . In the 1995 election , Ryan was re-elected to the municipal council and county council , and subsequently appointed deputy mayor of Namsskogan and the countys executive board . In 1996 , he was appointed to the board of a government committee to grant subsidies to local stores in remote locations . The same year he became a deputy board member of Nord-Trøndelag University College , and from 1999 until 2001 he was a regular member . From 1998 to 2002 , he also sat on the board of Trøndelag R&D Institute . Following the 1999 election , Ryan was re-elected to the municipal and county councils , and was appointed to the countys executive board . From 1999 to 2001 , Ryan sat on the board for Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities ( KS ) . Ryan also sat in the KS-appointed Stand Committee , led by Morten Strand , that suggested to reduce the number of directorate and reduce the influence of the county governors . Parliament and national politics . Prior to the 1993 parliamentary election , Ryan was one of three nominee candidates for the Socialist Left Partys list in Nord-Trøndelag . Ryan was nominated on third place on the list , after Jorunn Hageler and Inge Staldvik . Hageler was elected to parliament , and Ryan was her second deputy during the term 1993 to 1997 . Prior to the 1997 election , Ryan was launched as an alternative top candidate for Nord-Trøndelag . At the nomination meeting , Hageler won 23 against Ryans 13 votes , and Ryan was placed on second place on the list . After the nomination , Hageler stated that she regretted having said that Ryan was less suitable to sit in parliament than she was , because of his down-to-earth appeal and informal dress code . The party failed to win a seat from the county in 1997 . Ryan was a possible candidate to become deputy party leader of his party in 1997 , but was instead appointed as central board member . He became deputy leader in 1999 , a position he held until 2001 . In the 2001 election , Ryan was the partys top candidate in the county , and succeeded in winning a seat . The party had its best election ever , including in Nord-Trøndelag , where it won 13.8% of the votes , up 7.5% compared to 1997 . Ryan became a member of the partys largest parliamentary group ever . During the parliamentary term from 2001 to 2005 , Ryan was a member of the Standing Committee on Business and Industry and the Election Committee . He was a member of the parliamentary delegation to the Nordic Council . He also was a deputy member of the European Committee and the delegation to the United Nations General Assembly . In the 2005 election , Ryan was successful at retaining his seat . Following the Socialist Left Partys entering government as part of Stoltenbergs Second Cabinet , Ryan was appointed the partys parliamentary leader . He was appointed first vice chair of the Standing Committee on Scrutiny and Constitutional Affairs , a position he held until 24 November 2007 , when he again sat on the Standing Committee on Business and Industry . For the full term 2005 to 2009 , he was a member of the Election Committee and the Enlarged Committee on Foreign Affairs . He was a delegate to the Nordic Council , and from 2007 a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly . Political policy . Since the 1970s , Namsskogan had experienced a rapid decline in the population , from 1,750 to 1,000 in the early 1990s . Among Ryans political changes as mayor was to encourage people to take their holidays in the winter instead of the summer . He argued that the three main industries in Namsskogan—agriculture , forestry and tourism—all had their peaks during May through October , but that it was difficult to get sufficient work-force during this period because people were on holiday . The municipality offered to anyone who took their three-week summer vacation during the winter . Ryan also introduced a public service office , where residents could be served with all necessary public over-the-counter services at one place . For people living outside the community center , a cooperation was made with local stores where people could send in standardized application there . Some simple applications , such as erecting a simple garage , were approved on the spot at the service office . The Socialist Left Party used Namsskogan during the 1995 election as their prime example for how they wanted to modernize the public sector . Ryans election as party deputy leader in 1999 was largely due to the partys parliamentary support for the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia . Ryan represented the branch of the party that was opposed to the Norwegian participation in the war , and was appointed to supplement the Kristin Halvorsen and Øystein Djupedal , who were both in favor of the bombings . In 2001 , Ryan proposed allowing local stores to function as branches of Vinmonopolet , the state-run liquer stores , to allow liquor and wine retailing in rural areas . During the 2001 election , Ryans main issues were related to regional policy . He wanted to introduce subsidies for local stores in rural areas , and equal price throughout the country for power line component in the electrical prices . Other issues were increased funding for schools , increasing the progressivity of taxation and making a two-tier system for taxes on electricity . After being elected , Ryan worked to establish public service offices , and wanted to force state agencies to participate in these . He also called for a separate Minister of Rural Affairs . Election results . Parliamentary elections . In the 1993 and 1997 , Ryan was third and second candidate on the lists . For the 2001 and 2005 elections , he was the top candidate . |
[
"Parliament"
] | easy | What was the position of Inge Ryan from 2001 to 2005? | /wiki/Inge_Ryan#P39#1 | Inge Ryan Inge Ryan ( born 15 August 1956 in Overhalla ) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party . From 2009 to 2017 , he was County Governor of Nord-Trøndelag . Ryan was mayor of Namsskogan from 1991 to 1995 , and was a member of the Parliament of Norway from 2001 to 2009 , the last four years as his partys parliamentary leader . Early and personal life . Ryan was born 15 August 1956 in Overhalla of forester Arvid Ryan and nurse Irene Opdal . He attended Øysletta School from 1963 to 1969 . At the age of eight , he started the association Tiger to establish a ski jump . He attended Overhalla Lower Secondary School from 1969 to 1972 , and was during the period active in orienteering and association football as a goalie . He attended Namdal Upper Secondary School from 1972 to 1975 , where he took general academics . During secondary school , his best subject was history . On 5 November 2005 , Ryan married Bjørg Tørresdal . She was a fellow member of parliament , representing the Christian Democratic Party . Priest and Minister of the Environment Helen Bjørnøy wedded the couple . In June 2009 , Ryan was admitted to Ullevål University Hospital for treatment . His close friend and Minister of Health and Care Services , Bjarne Håkon Hanssen from the Labour Party , phoned director Tove Strand at Ullevål to inquire why Ryan was not admitted to Rikshospitalet and whether he was receiving the necessary treatment . This spurred a public debate about the incident . Professional career . While attending secondary school , Ryan had several small jobs , including for Øyvind Johansen . When 18 , Ryan worked at a fish factory in Sørvær . Ryan worked as a teacher at Skorovatn School from 1975 to 1977 , after which he studied teaching at Levanger College and Alta College , graduating in 1980 . He has also studied history at Bodø College and pedagogy at the University of Trondheim . He then started working as a teacher at Trones School in Namsskogan until 1987 , when he was appointed principal . Among his pedagogical methods were starting a local radio station , run by the students , and establishing the zoo Namsskogan Familiepark , with the pupils as minority shareholders , and established a bakery run by the students . He returned as teacher in 1991 , but chose to apply for the job as principal in Alvdal . He was awarded the job , but was elected mayor before starting the job . Ryan was also a board member of Namsskogan Familiepark from 1987 to 1991 . He worked as mayor from 1991 to 1995 , and from then until 1997 was regional director of the Norwegian Public Employment Service . In 1996 , he applied for the job as chief-of-administration in Tromsø , but failed to get the job . He quit this job in protest against the states unemployment policies , because he had been instructed to depopulate Indre Namdal , because the agency policies required people to be moved if they could not get jobs locally . From 1997 to 2001 , he was the director of Indre Namdal Regional Council . From 2001 to 2009 , Ryan worked as a full-time member of parliament . On 19 December 2008 , Ryan was appointed County Governor of Nord-Trøndelag . He started on 1 November 2009 , succeeding Oddbjørn Nordset , who had been acting for Inger Lise Gjørv since 2008 . Initially , he held the position for six years . Political career . Ryans first political activity started at the age of 15 , when his grandfather Helge Opdal took him to a political meeting , where Ryan listed to the Labour politician Guttorm Hansen . In 1971 , Ryan attended Red Youths summer camp , the youth wing of the Red Electoral Alliance . He was given a code name and started a chapter in Overhalla . At upper secondary school , Ryan became an active promoter of the socialist newspaper Klassekampen . Ryans interest for politics died down afterwards . Municipal and county . Prior to the 1983 municipal election , Odd Einar Dørum , the leader of the Liberal Party asked him to run as a candidate for the municipal council , and Ryan accepted since he did not disagree with anything on the program . He was however not elected . In 1989 , the Socialist Left Party started a chapter in Namsskogan , and Ryan was nominated as top candidate . Following the 1991 election , the party won 26.2% of the popular vote . The party cooperated with the Centre Party , which involved the Socialist Left Party gaining the mayor for the four-year term in exchange for supporting the Centre Partys candidate in the next term . Ryan , who had never met in a single municipal council meeting , was thereby elected mayor . Nationally , the party captured only seven mayors in the election . In the same election , Ryan was also elected member of Nord-Trøndelag County Council . The following year , Ryan was appointed as board member of the county-owned power company Nord-Trøndelag Elektrisitetsverk , where he sat until 1999 . He was also leader of the Namsskogan chapter of the Socialist Left Party . In the 1995 election , Ryan was re-elected to the municipal council and county council , and subsequently appointed deputy mayor of Namsskogan and the countys executive board . In 1996 , he was appointed to the board of a government committee to grant subsidies to local stores in remote locations . The same year he became a deputy board member of Nord-Trøndelag University College , and from 1999 until 2001 he was a regular member . From 1998 to 2002 , he also sat on the board of Trøndelag R&D Institute . Following the 1999 election , Ryan was re-elected to the municipal and county councils , and was appointed to the countys executive board . From 1999 to 2001 , Ryan sat on the board for Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities ( KS ) . Ryan also sat in the KS-appointed Stand Committee , led by Morten Strand , that suggested to reduce the number of directorate and reduce the influence of the county governors . Parliament and national politics . Prior to the 1993 parliamentary election , Ryan was one of three nominee candidates for the Socialist Left Partys list in Nord-Trøndelag . Ryan was nominated on third place on the list , after Jorunn Hageler and Inge Staldvik . Hageler was elected to parliament , and Ryan was her second deputy during the term 1993 to 1997 . Prior to the 1997 election , Ryan was launched as an alternative top candidate for Nord-Trøndelag . At the nomination meeting , Hageler won 23 against Ryans 13 votes , and Ryan was placed on second place on the list . After the nomination , Hageler stated that she regretted having said that Ryan was less suitable to sit in parliament than she was , because of his down-to-earth appeal and informal dress code . The party failed to win a seat from the county in 1997 . Ryan was a possible candidate to become deputy party leader of his party in 1997 , but was instead appointed as central board member . He became deputy leader in 1999 , a position he held until 2001 . In the 2001 election , Ryan was the partys top candidate in the county , and succeeded in winning a seat . The party had its best election ever , including in Nord-Trøndelag , where it won 13.8% of the votes , up 7.5% compared to 1997 . Ryan became a member of the partys largest parliamentary group ever . During the parliamentary term from 2001 to 2005 , Ryan was a member of the Standing Committee on Business and Industry and the Election Committee . He was a member of the parliamentary delegation to the Nordic Council . He also was a deputy member of the European Committee and the delegation to the United Nations General Assembly . In the 2005 election , Ryan was successful at retaining his seat . Following the Socialist Left Partys entering government as part of Stoltenbergs Second Cabinet , Ryan was appointed the partys parliamentary leader . He was appointed first vice chair of the Standing Committee on Scrutiny and Constitutional Affairs , a position he held until 24 November 2007 , when he again sat on the Standing Committee on Business and Industry . For the full term 2005 to 2009 , he was a member of the Election Committee and the Enlarged Committee on Foreign Affairs . He was a delegate to the Nordic Council , and from 2007 a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly . Political policy . Since the 1970s , Namsskogan had experienced a rapid decline in the population , from 1,750 to 1,000 in the early 1990s . Among Ryans political changes as mayor was to encourage people to take their holidays in the winter instead of the summer . He argued that the three main industries in Namsskogan—agriculture , forestry and tourism—all had their peaks during May through October , but that it was difficult to get sufficient work-force during this period because people were on holiday . The municipality offered to anyone who took their three-week summer vacation during the winter . Ryan also introduced a public service office , where residents could be served with all necessary public over-the-counter services at one place . For people living outside the community center , a cooperation was made with local stores where people could send in standardized application there . Some simple applications , such as erecting a simple garage , were approved on the spot at the service office . The Socialist Left Party used Namsskogan during the 1995 election as their prime example for how they wanted to modernize the public sector . Ryans election as party deputy leader in 1999 was largely due to the partys parliamentary support for the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia . Ryan represented the branch of the party that was opposed to the Norwegian participation in the war , and was appointed to supplement the Kristin Halvorsen and Øystein Djupedal , who were both in favor of the bombings . In 2001 , Ryan proposed allowing local stores to function as branches of Vinmonopolet , the state-run liquer stores , to allow liquor and wine retailing in rural areas . During the 2001 election , Ryans main issues were related to regional policy . He wanted to introduce subsidies for local stores in rural areas , and equal price throughout the country for power line component in the electrical prices . Other issues were increased funding for schools , increasing the progressivity of taxation and making a two-tier system for taxes on electricity . After being elected , Ryan worked to establish public service offices , and wanted to force state agencies to participate in these . He also called for a separate Minister of Rural Affairs . Election results . Parliamentary elections . In the 1993 and 1997 , Ryan was third and second candidate on the lists . For the 2001 and 2005 elections , he was the top candidate . |
[
"member of the Election Committee and the Enlarged Committee on Foreign Affairs"
] | easy | What position did Inge Ryan take from 2005 to 2009? | /wiki/Inge_Ryan#P39#2 | Inge Ryan Inge Ryan ( born 15 August 1956 in Overhalla ) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party . From 2009 to 2017 , he was County Governor of Nord-Trøndelag . Ryan was mayor of Namsskogan from 1991 to 1995 , and was a member of the Parliament of Norway from 2001 to 2009 , the last four years as his partys parliamentary leader . Early and personal life . Ryan was born 15 August 1956 in Overhalla of forester Arvid Ryan and nurse Irene Opdal . He attended Øysletta School from 1963 to 1969 . At the age of eight , he started the association Tiger to establish a ski jump . He attended Overhalla Lower Secondary School from 1969 to 1972 , and was during the period active in orienteering and association football as a goalie . He attended Namdal Upper Secondary School from 1972 to 1975 , where he took general academics . During secondary school , his best subject was history . On 5 November 2005 , Ryan married Bjørg Tørresdal . She was a fellow member of parliament , representing the Christian Democratic Party . Priest and Minister of the Environment Helen Bjørnøy wedded the couple . In June 2009 , Ryan was admitted to Ullevål University Hospital for treatment . His close friend and Minister of Health and Care Services , Bjarne Håkon Hanssen from the Labour Party , phoned director Tove Strand at Ullevål to inquire why Ryan was not admitted to Rikshospitalet and whether he was receiving the necessary treatment . This spurred a public debate about the incident . Professional career . While attending secondary school , Ryan had several small jobs , including for Øyvind Johansen . When 18 , Ryan worked at a fish factory in Sørvær . Ryan worked as a teacher at Skorovatn School from 1975 to 1977 , after which he studied teaching at Levanger College and Alta College , graduating in 1980 . He has also studied history at Bodø College and pedagogy at the University of Trondheim . He then started working as a teacher at Trones School in Namsskogan until 1987 , when he was appointed principal . Among his pedagogical methods were starting a local radio station , run by the students , and establishing the zoo Namsskogan Familiepark , with the pupils as minority shareholders , and established a bakery run by the students . He returned as teacher in 1991 , but chose to apply for the job as principal in Alvdal . He was awarded the job , but was elected mayor before starting the job . Ryan was also a board member of Namsskogan Familiepark from 1987 to 1991 . He worked as mayor from 1991 to 1995 , and from then until 1997 was regional director of the Norwegian Public Employment Service . In 1996 , he applied for the job as chief-of-administration in Tromsø , but failed to get the job . He quit this job in protest against the states unemployment policies , because he had been instructed to depopulate Indre Namdal , because the agency policies required people to be moved if they could not get jobs locally . From 1997 to 2001 , he was the director of Indre Namdal Regional Council . From 2001 to 2009 , Ryan worked as a full-time member of parliament . On 19 December 2008 , Ryan was appointed County Governor of Nord-Trøndelag . He started on 1 November 2009 , succeeding Oddbjørn Nordset , who had been acting for Inger Lise Gjørv since 2008 . Initially , he held the position for six years . Political career . Ryans first political activity started at the age of 15 , when his grandfather Helge Opdal took him to a political meeting , where Ryan listed to the Labour politician Guttorm Hansen . In 1971 , Ryan attended Red Youths summer camp , the youth wing of the Red Electoral Alliance . He was given a code name and started a chapter in Overhalla . At upper secondary school , Ryan became an active promoter of the socialist newspaper Klassekampen . Ryans interest for politics died down afterwards . Municipal and county . Prior to the 1983 municipal election , Odd Einar Dørum , the leader of the Liberal Party asked him to run as a candidate for the municipal council , and Ryan accepted since he did not disagree with anything on the program . He was however not elected . In 1989 , the Socialist Left Party started a chapter in Namsskogan , and Ryan was nominated as top candidate . Following the 1991 election , the party won 26.2% of the popular vote . The party cooperated with the Centre Party , which involved the Socialist Left Party gaining the mayor for the four-year term in exchange for supporting the Centre Partys candidate in the next term . Ryan , who had never met in a single municipal council meeting , was thereby elected mayor . Nationally , the party captured only seven mayors in the election . In the same election , Ryan was also elected member of Nord-Trøndelag County Council . The following year , Ryan was appointed as board member of the county-owned power company Nord-Trøndelag Elektrisitetsverk , where he sat until 1999 . He was also leader of the Namsskogan chapter of the Socialist Left Party . In the 1995 election , Ryan was re-elected to the municipal council and county council , and subsequently appointed deputy mayor of Namsskogan and the countys executive board . In 1996 , he was appointed to the board of a government committee to grant subsidies to local stores in remote locations . The same year he became a deputy board member of Nord-Trøndelag University College , and from 1999 until 2001 he was a regular member . From 1998 to 2002 , he also sat on the board of Trøndelag R&D Institute . Following the 1999 election , Ryan was re-elected to the municipal and county councils , and was appointed to the countys executive board . From 1999 to 2001 , Ryan sat on the board for Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities ( KS ) . Ryan also sat in the KS-appointed Stand Committee , led by Morten Strand , that suggested to reduce the number of directorate and reduce the influence of the county governors . Parliament and national politics . Prior to the 1993 parliamentary election , Ryan was one of three nominee candidates for the Socialist Left Partys list in Nord-Trøndelag . Ryan was nominated on third place on the list , after Jorunn Hageler and Inge Staldvik . Hageler was elected to parliament , and Ryan was her second deputy during the term 1993 to 1997 . Prior to the 1997 election , Ryan was launched as an alternative top candidate for Nord-Trøndelag . At the nomination meeting , Hageler won 23 against Ryans 13 votes , and Ryan was placed on second place on the list . After the nomination , Hageler stated that she regretted having said that Ryan was less suitable to sit in parliament than she was , because of his down-to-earth appeal and informal dress code . The party failed to win a seat from the county in 1997 . Ryan was a possible candidate to become deputy party leader of his party in 1997 , but was instead appointed as central board member . He became deputy leader in 1999 , a position he held until 2001 . In the 2001 election , Ryan was the partys top candidate in the county , and succeeded in winning a seat . The party had its best election ever , including in Nord-Trøndelag , where it won 13.8% of the votes , up 7.5% compared to 1997 . Ryan became a member of the partys largest parliamentary group ever . During the parliamentary term from 2001 to 2005 , Ryan was a member of the Standing Committee on Business and Industry and the Election Committee . He was a member of the parliamentary delegation to the Nordic Council . He also was a deputy member of the European Committee and the delegation to the United Nations General Assembly . In the 2005 election , Ryan was successful at retaining his seat . Following the Socialist Left Partys entering government as part of Stoltenbergs Second Cabinet , Ryan was appointed the partys parliamentary leader . He was appointed first vice chair of the Standing Committee on Scrutiny and Constitutional Affairs , a position he held until 24 November 2007 , when he again sat on the Standing Committee on Business and Industry . For the full term 2005 to 2009 , he was a member of the Election Committee and the Enlarged Committee on Foreign Affairs . He was a delegate to the Nordic Council , and from 2007 a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly . Political policy . Since the 1970s , Namsskogan had experienced a rapid decline in the population , from 1,750 to 1,000 in the early 1990s . Among Ryans political changes as mayor was to encourage people to take their holidays in the winter instead of the summer . He argued that the three main industries in Namsskogan—agriculture , forestry and tourism—all had their peaks during May through October , but that it was difficult to get sufficient work-force during this period because people were on holiday . The municipality offered to anyone who took their three-week summer vacation during the winter . Ryan also introduced a public service office , where residents could be served with all necessary public over-the-counter services at one place . For people living outside the community center , a cooperation was made with local stores where people could send in standardized application there . Some simple applications , such as erecting a simple garage , were approved on the spot at the service office . The Socialist Left Party used Namsskogan during the 1995 election as their prime example for how they wanted to modernize the public sector . Ryans election as party deputy leader in 1999 was largely due to the partys parliamentary support for the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia . Ryan represented the branch of the party that was opposed to the Norwegian participation in the war , and was appointed to supplement the Kristin Halvorsen and Øystein Djupedal , who were both in favor of the bombings . In 2001 , Ryan proposed allowing local stores to function as branches of Vinmonopolet , the state-run liquer stores , to allow liquor and wine retailing in rural areas . During the 2001 election , Ryans main issues were related to regional policy . He wanted to introduce subsidies for local stores in rural areas , and equal price throughout the country for power line component in the electrical prices . Other issues were increased funding for schools , increasing the progressivity of taxation and making a two-tier system for taxes on electricity . After being elected , Ryan worked to establish public service offices , and wanted to force state agencies to participate in these . He also called for a separate Minister of Rural Affairs . Election results . Parliamentary elections . In the 1993 and 1997 , Ryan was third and second candidate on the lists . For the 2001 and 2005 elections , he was the top candidate . |
[
"Brigitte Bardot"
] | easy | Who was the spouse of Roger Vadim from Dec 1952 to Dec 1957? | /wiki/Roger_Vadim#P26#0 | Roger Vadim Roger Vadim Plemiannikov ( ; 26 January 1928 – 11 February 2000 ) was a French screenwriter , film director and producer , as well as an author , artist and occasional actor . His best-known works are visually lavish films with erotic qualities , such as And God Created Woman ( 1956 ) , Barbarella ( 1968 ) , and Pretty Maids All in a Row ( 1971 ) . Early life . Vadim was born Roger Vadim Plemiannikov ( sometimes transliterated Plemiannikoff ) in Paris . His father , Igor Nikolaevich Plemiannikov ( ) , a White Russian military officer and pianist , had emigrated from imperial Russia and became a naturalized French citizen . He was a vice consul of France to Egypt , stationed in Alexandria , later posting to Mersin , Turkey as a consul . Vadims mother , Marie-Antoinette ( née Ardilouze ) , was a French actress . Although Vadim lived as a diplomats child in Northern Africa and the Middle East in his early youth , the death of his father when Vadim was nine years old caused the family to return to France , where his mother found work running a hostel in the French Alps , which was functioning as a way-station for Jews and other fugitives fleeing Nazism . Vadim studied journalism and writing at the University of Paris , without graduating . Film career . Marc Allégret . At age 19 , he became assistant to film director Marc Allégret , whom he met while working at the Theatre Sarah Bernhardt , and for whom he worked on several screenplays . He was an assistant director on Allegrets Blanche Fury ( 1948 ) , a commercially unsuccessful melodrama which Allegret made for a British company in English . Vadim was one of several writers on Allegrets French-British The Naked Heart ( 1950 ) , aka Maria Chapdelaine , starring Michèle Morgan , as well as serving as assistant director . It was shot in French and English versions . Blackmailed ( 1951 ) was another film Allegret directed in England , starring Mai Zetterling and Dirk Bogarde ; Vadim was credited as one of the writers . He was also one of several writers on Allegrets , La demoiselle et son revenant ( 1952 ) . Vadim did the screenplay and commentary for a documentary , Le gouffre de la Pierre Saint-Marti ( 1953 ) and was assistant director on Allegrets Julietta ( 1953 ) , a popular romance with Jean Marais , Dany Robin and Jeanne Moreau . Vadim wrote Allegrets Loves of Three Queens ( 1954 ) , with Hedy Lamarr . Brigitte Bardot . Vadim had begun a relationship with model-actress Brigitte Bardot . She was given a good role in a drama directed by Allegret , School for Love ( 1953 ) , aka Futures Vendettes , starring Jean Marais ; Vadim wrote the script with Allegret . The film was a commercial disappointment . However the next collaboration between Allegret , Bardot and Vadim , Plucking the Daisy ( 1956 ) , aka Mamselle Striptease , was a huge success at the French box office . So too was Naughty Girl ( 1956 ) , with Bardot . This allowed Vadim to get backing for his first movie as director . Vadims first film as director was based on an original story of his , And God Created Woman ( 1956 ) . Starring Bardot , Curt Jurgens and Christian Marquand and produced by Raoul Levy it was not only a major success in France , but around the world , and established Bardot as a world icon . Vadim followed it with No Sun in Venice ( 1957 ) starring Françoise Arnoul and Marquand , produced by Levy , which was considerably less popular than And God Created Woman . Levy , Vadim and Bardot were to make Paris by Night with Frank Sinatra but Bardot refused to spend months in the US and Sinatra felt likewise about filming in France . Instead Vadim made The Night Heaven Fell ( 1958 ) , starring Bardot and Stephen Boyd . He was one of several writers on Allegrets popular comedy , Be Beautiful But Shut Up ( 1958 ) , starring Mylène Demongeot . Vadimss next film was an adaptation of the book Les liaisons dangereuses ( 1959 ) , which he wrote and directed . It starred Moreau , Gérard Philipe ( in his final film ) and Annette Stroyberg , a Danish model who became Vadims second wife . The film became a huge hit in France . Stroyberg was also in the vampire film Blood and Roses ( 1960 ) . They divorced shortly afterwards . Vadim was reunited with Bardot for Please , Not Now ! ( 1961 ) , a popular comedy . He was one of several directors of the anthology film,The Seven Deadly Sins ( 1962 ) . Vadim began a relationship with a young Catherine Deneuve . She starred in a segment of the anthology film Tales of Paris ( 1962 ) , which was written by Vadim and directed by Allegret . She starred in a film Vadim helped write and produce , And Satan Calls the Turns ( 1962 ) , and was also Vice and Virtue ( 1963 ) , which Vadim directed . Vadim had another success writing and directing for Bardot , Love on a Pillow ( 1962 ) , but found less favour with Nutty , Naughty Chateau ( 1963 ) starring Monica Vitti . Jane Fonda . Vadim tried another adaptation of a classic erotic text , La Ronde ( 1964 ) . He said at the time , When I make a picture about relations between people , something erotic comes through ; I cant help it ! But sex has been an inspiration , the greatest inspiration , since art exists . One of the films many stars was rising American actress Jane Fonda who began a romantic relationship with Vadim . Vadim devised a vehicle for Fonda , The Game Is Over ( 1966 ) , based on a book by Émile Zola . Shot in French and English versions , it was very popular in France , though less so in the US . Dino de Laurentiis wanted Fonda to star in a science fiction sex comedy , Barbarella ( 1968 ) and she agreed provided Vadim could direct . Following this he directed Fonda in a segment of the omnibus horror film Spirits of the Dead ( 1968 ) along with her brother Peter Fonda . During his marriage to Fonda , Vadim would accompany her back to the US periodically while she made movies there . He and Fonda broke up and Vadim directed Pretty Maids All in a Row ( 1971 ) for MGM , starring Rock Hudson and Angie Dickinson . It was a commercial disappointment . Later career . Vadim returned to France . He wrote and directed Hellé ( 1972 ) , starring Gwen Welles , which was a flop . He was reunited with Bardot for Don Juan , or If Don Juan Were a Woman ( 1973 ) , which was Bardots penultimate movie and a commercial disappointment . Not particularly successful either were Charlotte ( 1974 ) , and Game of Seduction ( 1976 ) with Sylvia Kristel and Nathalie Delon . He directed a TV movie Bonheur , impair et passe ( 1977 ) , starring Danielle Darrieux . In the 1980s Vadim based himself in the US . He directed Night Games ( 1980 ) , where he attempted to make a star of Cindy Pickett , with whom he became romantically involved . He directed a caper film in Canada , The Hot Touch ( 1981 ) , starring Marie-France Pisier . Back in France he wrote and directed Surprise Party ( 1983 ) . He directed episodes of Faerie Tale Theatre ( 1984 ) and Deadly Nightmares ( 1986 ) . Vadim attempted to recapture his former success with a new version of And God Created Woman ( 1988 ) , with Rebecca de Mornay . Very different from the original – it only really used the same title – it failed critically and commercially . His final years were spent working in TV , where he directed Safari ( 1991 ) and wrote and directed Amour fou ( 1993 ) , starring Marie-Christine Barrault who became his final wife . She was also in directed La Nouvelle tribu ( 1996 ) and its sequel Un coup de baguette magique ( 1997 ) , which Vadim wrote and directed . Personal life . Romances . Vadim was famous for his romances/marriages to beautiful actresses . In his mid-30s , he lived with the teenaged Catherine Deneuve , by whom he had a child , Christian Vadim , prior to his marriage to Fonda . He was also involved with American actresses Margaret Markov and Cindy Pickett . Later , he cohabited with screenwriter Ann Biderman for several years , announcing their engagement in 1984 , but the couple never wed . Marriages . - Brigitte Bardot , 20 December 1952 – 6 December 1957 ( divorced ) - Annette Stroyberg , 17 June 1958 – 14 March 1961 ( divorced ) ; 1 daughter ( Nathalie ) - Jane Fonda , 14 August 1965 – 16 January 1973 ( divorced ) ; 1 daughter ( Vanessa ) - Catherine Schneider , 13 December 1975 – 10 June 1977 ( divorced ) ; 1 son ( Vania ) - Ann Biderman , Partner ( engaged but never wed ) , California - Marie-Christine Barrault , 21 December 1990 – 11 February 2000 ( his death ) He also had two stepsons from his marriage to Schneider ( younger sister of novelist Dominique Schneidre and heiress to the Schneider-Creusot steel and armaments firm ) as well as adult stepchildren from Barraults first marriage to Daniel Toscan du Plantier , also a friend of Vadims , who called him a happy man . He was someone in whom there was so much satisfaction to the end of his life . The films merely reflected his happiness . Nathalie , his eldest child , told Fonda biographer Patricia Bosworth : Jane was the love of my fathers life . Writing . In addition to Vadims theatre and film work , he also wrote several books , including the memoirs Memoires du Diable , Le Gout du Bonheur : Souvenirs 1940–1958 and an autobiography , Dune étoile à lautre ( From One Star to the Next ) as well as a tell-all about his most famous exes , Bardot , Deneuve & Fonda : My Life with the Three Most Beautiful Women in the World , published in 1986 . My attitude is that if this book makes me a little money it will be a tiny compensation for all the money I helped those actresses make , Vadim explained . He also wrote several plays and books of fiction , including Lange affamé . Death . Vadim died of cancer at age 72 on 11 February 2000 . Ex-wives Bardot , Fonda , Schneider and Stroyberg were all in attendance at his funeral . He is buried at St . Tropez Cemetery . Filmography . Writer or director . - The Naked Heart ( 1950 ) - Blackmailed ( 1951 ) - En Effeuillant la Marguerite/Mademoiselle Striptease ( 1956 ) - And God Created Woman ( 1956 ) - Sait-on jamais ? ( 1957 ) - Sois belle et tais-toi/Be Beautiful but Shut up ( 1957 ) - Les Bijoutiers du Clair de Lune/The Night Heaven Fell ( 1958 ) - Les liaisons dangereuses/Dangerous Liaisons ( 1959 ) - Blood and Roses ( 1960 ) - La Bride sur le cou/Please Not Now ! ( 1961 ) - Les Sept péchés capitaux/Seven Capital Sins ( 1962 ) - Les Parisiennes/Beds and Broads ( 1962 ) - Love on a Pillow ( 1962 ) - Un château en Suède/Castle in Sweden ( 1963 ) - Le vice et la vertu/Vice and Virtue ( 1963 ) - La Ronde/Circle of Love ( 1964 ) - La Curée/The Game is Over ( 1966 ) - Spirits of the Dead ( 1968 ) - Barbarella ( 1968 ) - Pretty Maids All in a Row ( 1971 ) - Hellé ( 1972 ) - Don Juan ou Si Don Juan était une femme ( 1973 ) - La jeune fille Assassinée/The Murdered Young Girl ( 1974 ) - Une femme fidèle ( 1976 ) - Bonheur , impair et passe ( 1977 ) - Jeux de Nuit/Night Games ( 1980 ) - The Hot Touch ( 1981 ) - Surprise Party ( 1983 ) - Faerie Tale Theatre ( 1984 TV , segment Beauty and the Beast ) - The Hitchhiker ( 1986 TV , segment Dead Mans Curve ) - And God Created Woman ( 1988 ) - Safari ( 1991 , TV movie ) - Amour fou ( 1993 , TV movie ) - La Nouvelle tribu ( 1996 , TV mini-series ) - Mon père avait raison ( 1996 , TV movie ) - Un coup de baguette magique ( 1997 , TV movie ) Actor . - School for Love ( 1955 ) - Sweet and Sour ( 1963 ) - Ciao ! Manhattan ( 1972 ) - The Assassinated Young Girl ( 1974 ) - Rich and Famous ( 1981 ) - Into the Night ( 1985 ) External links . - Image of Rock Hudson , Gene Roddenberry , and Roger Vadim posing with women cast members for motion picture Pretty Maids All in a Row , California , 1970 . Los Angeles Times Photographic Archive ( Collection 1429 ) . UCLA Library Special Collections , Charles E . Young Research Library , University of California , Los Angeles . |
[
""
] | easy | Who was Roger Vadim 's spouse from Jun 1958 to 1960? | /wiki/Roger_Vadim#P26#1 | Roger Vadim Roger Vadim Plemiannikov ( ; 26 January 1928 – 11 February 2000 ) was a French screenwriter , film director and producer , as well as an author , artist and occasional actor . His best-known works are visually lavish films with erotic qualities , such as And God Created Woman ( 1956 ) , Barbarella ( 1968 ) , and Pretty Maids All in a Row ( 1971 ) . Early life . Vadim was born Roger Vadim Plemiannikov ( sometimes transliterated Plemiannikoff ) in Paris . His father , Igor Nikolaevich Plemiannikov ( ) , a White Russian military officer and pianist , had emigrated from imperial Russia and became a naturalized French citizen . He was a vice consul of France to Egypt , stationed in Alexandria , later posting to Mersin , Turkey as a consul . Vadims mother , Marie-Antoinette ( née Ardilouze ) , was a French actress . Although Vadim lived as a diplomats child in Northern Africa and the Middle East in his early youth , the death of his father when Vadim was nine years old caused the family to return to France , where his mother found work running a hostel in the French Alps , which was functioning as a way-station for Jews and other fugitives fleeing Nazism . Vadim studied journalism and writing at the University of Paris , without graduating . Film career . Marc Allégret . At age 19 , he became assistant to film director Marc Allégret , whom he met while working at the Theatre Sarah Bernhardt , and for whom he worked on several screenplays . He was an assistant director on Allegrets Blanche Fury ( 1948 ) , a commercially unsuccessful melodrama which Allegret made for a British company in English . Vadim was one of several writers on Allegrets French-British The Naked Heart ( 1950 ) , aka Maria Chapdelaine , starring Michèle Morgan , as well as serving as assistant director . It was shot in French and English versions . Blackmailed ( 1951 ) was another film Allegret directed in England , starring Mai Zetterling and Dirk Bogarde ; Vadim was credited as one of the writers . He was also one of several writers on Allegrets , La demoiselle et son revenant ( 1952 ) . Vadim did the screenplay and commentary for a documentary , Le gouffre de la Pierre Saint-Marti ( 1953 ) and was assistant director on Allegrets Julietta ( 1953 ) , a popular romance with Jean Marais , Dany Robin and Jeanne Moreau . Vadim wrote Allegrets Loves of Three Queens ( 1954 ) , with Hedy Lamarr . Brigitte Bardot . Vadim had begun a relationship with model-actress Brigitte Bardot . She was given a good role in a drama directed by Allegret , School for Love ( 1953 ) , aka Futures Vendettes , starring Jean Marais ; Vadim wrote the script with Allegret . The film was a commercial disappointment . However the next collaboration between Allegret , Bardot and Vadim , Plucking the Daisy ( 1956 ) , aka Mamselle Striptease , was a huge success at the French box office . So too was Naughty Girl ( 1956 ) , with Bardot . This allowed Vadim to get backing for his first movie as director . Vadims first film as director was based on an original story of his , And God Created Woman ( 1956 ) . Starring Bardot , Curt Jurgens and Christian Marquand and produced by Raoul Levy it was not only a major success in France , but around the world , and established Bardot as a world icon . Vadim followed it with No Sun in Venice ( 1957 ) starring Françoise Arnoul and Marquand , produced by Levy , which was considerably less popular than And God Created Woman . Levy , Vadim and Bardot were to make Paris by Night with Frank Sinatra but Bardot refused to spend months in the US and Sinatra felt likewise about filming in France . Instead Vadim made The Night Heaven Fell ( 1958 ) , starring Bardot and Stephen Boyd . He was one of several writers on Allegrets popular comedy , Be Beautiful But Shut Up ( 1958 ) , starring Mylène Demongeot . Vadimss next film was an adaptation of the book Les liaisons dangereuses ( 1959 ) , which he wrote and directed . It starred Moreau , Gérard Philipe ( in his final film ) and Annette Stroyberg , a Danish model who became Vadims second wife . The film became a huge hit in France . Stroyberg was also in the vampire film Blood and Roses ( 1960 ) . They divorced shortly afterwards . Vadim was reunited with Bardot for Please , Not Now ! ( 1961 ) , a popular comedy . He was one of several directors of the anthology film,The Seven Deadly Sins ( 1962 ) . Vadim began a relationship with a young Catherine Deneuve . She starred in a segment of the anthology film Tales of Paris ( 1962 ) , which was written by Vadim and directed by Allegret . She starred in a film Vadim helped write and produce , And Satan Calls the Turns ( 1962 ) , and was also Vice and Virtue ( 1963 ) , which Vadim directed . Vadim had another success writing and directing for Bardot , Love on a Pillow ( 1962 ) , but found less favour with Nutty , Naughty Chateau ( 1963 ) starring Monica Vitti . Jane Fonda . Vadim tried another adaptation of a classic erotic text , La Ronde ( 1964 ) . He said at the time , When I make a picture about relations between people , something erotic comes through ; I cant help it ! But sex has been an inspiration , the greatest inspiration , since art exists . One of the films many stars was rising American actress Jane Fonda who began a romantic relationship with Vadim . Vadim devised a vehicle for Fonda , The Game Is Over ( 1966 ) , based on a book by Émile Zola . Shot in French and English versions , it was very popular in France , though less so in the US . Dino de Laurentiis wanted Fonda to star in a science fiction sex comedy , Barbarella ( 1968 ) and she agreed provided Vadim could direct . Following this he directed Fonda in a segment of the omnibus horror film Spirits of the Dead ( 1968 ) along with her brother Peter Fonda . During his marriage to Fonda , Vadim would accompany her back to the US periodically while she made movies there . He and Fonda broke up and Vadim directed Pretty Maids All in a Row ( 1971 ) for MGM , starring Rock Hudson and Angie Dickinson . It was a commercial disappointment . Later career . Vadim returned to France . He wrote and directed Hellé ( 1972 ) , starring Gwen Welles , which was a flop . He was reunited with Bardot for Don Juan , or If Don Juan Were a Woman ( 1973 ) , which was Bardots penultimate movie and a commercial disappointment . Not particularly successful either were Charlotte ( 1974 ) , and Game of Seduction ( 1976 ) with Sylvia Kristel and Nathalie Delon . He directed a TV movie Bonheur , impair et passe ( 1977 ) , starring Danielle Darrieux . In the 1980s Vadim based himself in the US . He directed Night Games ( 1980 ) , where he attempted to make a star of Cindy Pickett , with whom he became romantically involved . He directed a caper film in Canada , The Hot Touch ( 1981 ) , starring Marie-France Pisier . Back in France he wrote and directed Surprise Party ( 1983 ) . He directed episodes of Faerie Tale Theatre ( 1984 ) and Deadly Nightmares ( 1986 ) . Vadim attempted to recapture his former success with a new version of And God Created Woman ( 1988 ) , with Rebecca de Mornay . Very different from the original – it only really used the same title – it failed critically and commercially . His final years were spent working in TV , where he directed Safari ( 1991 ) and wrote and directed Amour fou ( 1993 ) , starring Marie-Christine Barrault who became his final wife . She was also in directed La Nouvelle tribu ( 1996 ) and its sequel Un coup de baguette magique ( 1997 ) , which Vadim wrote and directed . Personal life . Romances . Vadim was famous for his romances/marriages to beautiful actresses . In his mid-30s , he lived with the teenaged Catherine Deneuve , by whom he had a child , Christian Vadim , prior to his marriage to Fonda . He was also involved with American actresses Margaret Markov and Cindy Pickett . Later , he cohabited with screenwriter Ann Biderman for several years , announcing their engagement in 1984 , but the couple never wed . Marriages . - Brigitte Bardot , 20 December 1952 – 6 December 1957 ( divorced ) - Annette Stroyberg , 17 June 1958 – 14 March 1961 ( divorced ) ; 1 daughter ( Nathalie ) - Jane Fonda , 14 August 1965 – 16 January 1973 ( divorced ) ; 1 daughter ( Vanessa ) - Catherine Schneider , 13 December 1975 – 10 June 1977 ( divorced ) ; 1 son ( Vania ) - Ann Biderman , Partner ( engaged but never wed ) , California - Marie-Christine Barrault , 21 December 1990 – 11 February 2000 ( his death ) He also had two stepsons from his marriage to Schneider ( younger sister of novelist Dominique Schneidre and heiress to the Schneider-Creusot steel and armaments firm ) as well as adult stepchildren from Barraults first marriage to Daniel Toscan du Plantier , also a friend of Vadims , who called him a happy man . He was someone in whom there was so much satisfaction to the end of his life . The films merely reflected his happiness . Nathalie , his eldest child , told Fonda biographer Patricia Bosworth : Jane was the love of my fathers life . Writing . In addition to Vadims theatre and film work , he also wrote several books , including the memoirs Memoires du Diable , Le Gout du Bonheur : Souvenirs 1940–1958 and an autobiography , Dune étoile à lautre ( From One Star to the Next ) as well as a tell-all about his most famous exes , Bardot , Deneuve & Fonda : My Life with the Three Most Beautiful Women in the World , published in 1986 . My attitude is that if this book makes me a little money it will be a tiny compensation for all the money I helped those actresses make , Vadim explained . He also wrote several plays and books of fiction , including Lange affamé . Death . Vadim died of cancer at age 72 on 11 February 2000 . Ex-wives Bardot , Fonda , Schneider and Stroyberg were all in attendance at his funeral . He is buried at St . Tropez Cemetery . Filmography . Writer or director . - The Naked Heart ( 1950 ) - Blackmailed ( 1951 ) - En Effeuillant la Marguerite/Mademoiselle Striptease ( 1956 ) - And God Created Woman ( 1956 ) - Sait-on jamais ? ( 1957 ) - Sois belle et tais-toi/Be Beautiful but Shut up ( 1957 ) - Les Bijoutiers du Clair de Lune/The Night Heaven Fell ( 1958 ) - Les liaisons dangereuses/Dangerous Liaisons ( 1959 ) - Blood and Roses ( 1960 ) - La Bride sur le cou/Please Not Now ! ( 1961 ) - Les Sept péchés capitaux/Seven Capital Sins ( 1962 ) - Les Parisiennes/Beds and Broads ( 1962 ) - Love on a Pillow ( 1962 ) - Un château en Suède/Castle in Sweden ( 1963 ) - Le vice et la vertu/Vice and Virtue ( 1963 ) - La Ronde/Circle of Love ( 1964 ) - La Curée/The Game is Over ( 1966 ) - Spirits of the Dead ( 1968 ) - Barbarella ( 1968 ) - Pretty Maids All in a Row ( 1971 ) - Hellé ( 1972 ) - Don Juan ou Si Don Juan était une femme ( 1973 ) - La jeune fille Assassinée/The Murdered Young Girl ( 1974 ) - Une femme fidèle ( 1976 ) - Bonheur , impair et passe ( 1977 ) - Jeux de Nuit/Night Games ( 1980 ) - The Hot Touch ( 1981 ) - Surprise Party ( 1983 ) - Faerie Tale Theatre ( 1984 TV , segment Beauty and the Beast ) - The Hitchhiker ( 1986 TV , segment Dead Mans Curve ) - And God Created Woman ( 1988 ) - Safari ( 1991 , TV movie ) - Amour fou ( 1993 , TV movie ) - La Nouvelle tribu ( 1996 , TV mini-series ) - Mon père avait raison ( 1996 , TV movie ) - Un coup de baguette magique ( 1997 , TV movie ) Actor . - School for Love ( 1955 ) - Sweet and Sour ( 1963 ) - Ciao ! Manhattan ( 1972 ) - The Assassinated Young Girl ( 1974 ) - Rich and Famous ( 1981 ) - Into the Night ( 1985 ) External links . - Image of Rock Hudson , Gene Roddenberry , and Roger Vadim posing with women cast members for motion picture Pretty Maids All in a Row , California , 1970 . Los Angeles Times Photographic Archive ( Collection 1429 ) . UCLA Library Special Collections , Charles E . Young Research Library , University of California , Los Angeles . |
[
"Jane Fonda"
] | easy | Who was the spouse of Roger Vadim from Aug 1965 to 1973? | /wiki/Roger_Vadim#P26#2 | Roger Vadim Roger Vadim Plemiannikov ( ; 26 January 1928 – 11 February 2000 ) was a French screenwriter , film director and producer , as well as an author , artist and occasional actor . His best-known works are visually lavish films with erotic qualities , such as And God Created Woman ( 1956 ) , Barbarella ( 1968 ) , and Pretty Maids All in a Row ( 1971 ) . Early life . Vadim was born Roger Vadim Plemiannikov ( sometimes transliterated Plemiannikoff ) in Paris . His father , Igor Nikolaevich Plemiannikov ( ) , a White Russian military officer and pianist , had emigrated from imperial Russia and became a naturalized French citizen . He was a vice consul of France to Egypt , stationed in Alexandria , later posting to Mersin , Turkey as a consul . Vadims mother , Marie-Antoinette ( née Ardilouze ) , was a French actress . Although Vadim lived as a diplomats child in Northern Africa and the Middle East in his early youth , the death of his father when Vadim was nine years old caused the family to return to France , where his mother found work running a hostel in the French Alps , which was functioning as a way-station for Jews and other fugitives fleeing Nazism . Vadim studied journalism and writing at the University of Paris , without graduating . Film career . Marc Allégret . At age 19 , he became assistant to film director Marc Allégret , whom he met while working at the Theatre Sarah Bernhardt , and for whom he worked on several screenplays . He was an assistant director on Allegrets Blanche Fury ( 1948 ) , a commercially unsuccessful melodrama which Allegret made for a British company in English . Vadim was one of several writers on Allegrets French-British The Naked Heart ( 1950 ) , aka Maria Chapdelaine , starring Michèle Morgan , as well as serving as assistant director . It was shot in French and English versions . Blackmailed ( 1951 ) was another film Allegret directed in England , starring Mai Zetterling and Dirk Bogarde ; Vadim was credited as one of the writers . He was also one of several writers on Allegrets , La demoiselle et son revenant ( 1952 ) . Vadim did the screenplay and commentary for a documentary , Le gouffre de la Pierre Saint-Marti ( 1953 ) and was assistant director on Allegrets Julietta ( 1953 ) , a popular romance with Jean Marais , Dany Robin and Jeanne Moreau . Vadim wrote Allegrets Loves of Three Queens ( 1954 ) , with Hedy Lamarr . Brigitte Bardot . Vadim had begun a relationship with model-actress Brigitte Bardot . She was given a good role in a drama directed by Allegret , School for Love ( 1953 ) , aka Futures Vendettes , starring Jean Marais ; Vadim wrote the script with Allegret . The film was a commercial disappointment . However the next collaboration between Allegret , Bardot and Vadim , Plucking the Daisy ( 1956 ) , aka Mamselle Striptease , was a huge success at the French box office . So too was Naughty Girl ( 1956 ) , with Bardot . This allowed Vadim to get backing for his first movie as director . Vadims first film as director was based on an original story of his , And God Created Woman ( 1956 ) . Starring Bardot , Curt Jurgens and Christian Marquand and produced by Raoul Levy it was not only a major success in France , but around the world , and established Bardot as a world icon . Vadim followed it with No Sun in Venice ( 1957 ) starring Françoise Arnoul and Marquand , produced by Levy , which was considerably less popular than And God Created Woman . Levy , Vadim and Bardot were to make Paris by Night with Frank Sinatra but Bardot refused to spend months in the US and Sinatra felt likewise about filming in France . Instead Vadim made The Night Heaven Fell ( 1958 ) , starring Bardot and Stephen Boyd . He was one of several writers on Allegrets popular comedy , Be Beautiful But Shut Up ( 1958 ) , starring Mylène Demongeot . Vadimss next film was an adaptation of the book Les liaisons dangereuses ( 1959 ) , which he wrote and directed . It starred Moreau , Gérard Philipe ( in his final film ) and Annette Stroyberg , a Danish model who became Vadims second wife . The film became a huge hit in France . Stroyberg was also in the vampire film Blood and Roses ( 1960 ) . They divorced shortly afterwards . Vadim was reunited with Bardot for Please , Not Now ! ( 1961 ) , a popular comedy . He was one of several directors of the anthology film,The Seven Deadly Sins ( 1962 ) . Vadim began a relationship with a young Catherine Deneuve . She starred in a segment of the anthology film Tales of Paris ( 1962 ) , which was written by Vadim and directed by Allegret . She starred in a film Vadim helped write and produce , And Satan Calls the Turns ( 1962 ) , and was also Vice and Virtue ( 1963 ) , which Vadim directed . Vadim had another success writing and directing for Bardot , Love on a Pillow ( 1962 ) , but found less favour with Nutty , Naughty Chateau ( 1963 ) starring Monica Vitti . Jane Fonda . Vadim tried another adaptation of a classic erotic text , La Ronde ( 1964 ) . He said at the time , When I make a picture about relations between people , something erotic comes through ; I cant help it ! But sex has been an inspiration , the greatest inspiration , since art exists . One of the films many stars was rising American actress Jane Fonda who began a romantic relationship with Vadim . Vadim devised a vehicle for Fonda , The Game Is Over ( 1966 ) , based on a book by Émile Zola . Shot in French and English versions , it was very popular in France , though less so in the US . Dino de Laurentiis wanted Fonda to star in a science fiction sex comedy , Barbarella ( 1968 ) and she agreed provided Vadim could direct . Following this he directed Fonda in a segment of the omnibus horror film Spirits of the Dead ( 1968 ) along with her brother Peter Fonda . During his marriage to Fonda , Vadim would accompany her back to the US periodically while she made movies there . He and Fonda broke up and Vadim directed Pretty Maids All in a Row ( 1971 ) for MGM , starring Rock Hudson and Angie Dickinson . It was a commercial disappointment . Later career . Vadim returned to France . He wrote and directed Hellé ( 1972 ) , starring Gwen Welles , which was a flop . He was reunited with Bardot for Don Juan , or If Don Juan Were a Woman ( 1973 ) , which was Bardots penultimate movie and a commercial disappointment . Not particularly successful either were Charlotte ( 1974 ) , and Game of Seduction ( 1976 ) with Sylvia Kristel and Nathalie Delon . He directed a TV movie Bonheur , impair et passe ( 1977 ) , starring Danielle Darrieux . In the 1980s Vadim based himself in the US . He directed Night Games ( 1980 ) , where he attempted to make a star of Cindy Pickett , with whom he became romantically involved . He directed a caper film in Canada , The Hot Touch ( 1981 ) , starring Marie-France Pisier . Back in France he wrote and directed Surprise Party ( 1983 ) . He directed episodes of Faerie Tale Theatre ( 1984 ) and Deadly Nightmares ( 1986 ) . Vadim attempted to recapture his former success with a new version of And God Created Woman ( 1988 ) , with Rebecca de Mornay . Very different from the original – it only really used the same title – it failed critically and commercially . His final years were spent working in TV , where he directed Safari ( 1991 ) and wrote and directed Amour fou ( 1993 ) , starring Marie-Christine Barrault who became his final wife . She was also in directed La Nouvelle tribu ( 1996 ) and its sequel Un coup de baguette magique ( 1997 ) , which Vadim wrote and directed . Personal life . Romances . Vadim was famous for his romances/marriages to beautiful actresses . In his mid-30s , he lived with the teenaged Catherine Deneuve , by whom he had a child , Christian Vadim , prior to his marriage to Fonda . He was also involved with American actresses Margaret Markov and Cindy Pickett . Later , he cohabited with screenwriter Ann Biderman for several years , announcing their engagement in 1984 , but the couple never wed . Marriages . - Brigitte Bardot , 20 December 1952 – 6 December 1957 ( divorced ) - Annette Stroyberg , 17 June 1958 – 14 March 1961 ( divorced ) ; 1 daughter ( Nathalie ) - Jane Fonda , 14 August 1965 – 16 January 1973 ( divorced ) ; 1 daughter ( Vanessa ) - Catherine Schneider , 13 December 1975 – 10 June 1977 ( divorced ) ; 1 son ( Vania ) - Ann Biderman , Partner ( engaged but never wed ) , California - Marie-Christine Barrault , 21 December 1990 – 11 February 2000 ( his death ) He also had two stepsons from his marriage to Schneider ( younger sister of novelist Dominique Schneidre and heiress to the Schneider-Creusot steel and armaments firm ) as well as adult stepchildren from Barraults first marriage to Daniel Toscan du Plantier , also a friend of Vadims , who called him a happy man . He was someone in whom there was so much satisfaction to the end of his life . The films merely reflected his happiness . Nathalie , his eldest child , told Fonda biographer Patricia Bosworth : Jane was the love of my fathers life . Writing . In addition to Vadims theatre and film work , he also wrote several books , including the memoirs Memoires du Diable , Le Gout du Bonheur : Souvenirs 1940–1958 and an autobiography , Dune étoile à lautre ( From One Star to the Next ) as well as a tell-all about his most famous exes , Bardot , Deneuve & Fonda : My Life with the Three Most Beautiful Women in the World , published in 1986 . My attitude is that if this book makes me a little money it will be a tiny compensation for all the money I helped those actresses make , Vadim explained . He also wrote several plays and books of fiction , including Lange affamé . Death . Vadim died of cancer at age 72 on 11 February 2000 . Ex-wives Bardot , Fonda , Schneider and Stroyberg were all in attendance at his funeral . He is buried at St . Tropez Cemetery . Filmography . Writer or director . - The Naked Heart ( 1950 ) - Blackmailed ( 1951 ) - En Effeuillant la Marguerite/Mademoiselle Striptease ( 1956 ) - And God Created Woman ( 1956 ) - Sait-on jamais ? ( 1957 ) - Sois belle et tais-toi/Be Beautiful but Shut up ( 1957 ) - Les Bijoutiers du Clair de Lune/The Night Heaven Fell ( 1958 ) - Les liaisons dangereuses/Dangerous Liaisons ( 1959 ) - Blood and Roses ( 1960 ) - La Bride sur le cou/Please Not Now ! ( 1961 ) - Les Sept péchés capitaux/Seven Capital Sins ( 1962 ) - Les Parisiennes/Beds and Broads ( 1962 ) - Love on a Pillow ( 1962 ) - Un château en Suède/Castle in Sweden ( 1963 ) - Le vice et la vertu/Vice and Virtue ( 1963 ) - La Ronde/Circle of Love ( 1964 ) - La Curée/The Game is Over ( 1966 ) - Spirits of the Dead ( 1968 ) - Barbarella ( 1968 ) - Pretty Maids All in a Row ( 1971 ) - Hellé ( 1972 ) - Don Juan ou Si Don Juan était une femme ( 1973 ) - La jeune fille Assassinée/The Murdered Young Girl ( 1974 ) - Une femme fidèle ( 1976 ) - Bonheur , impair et passe ( 1977 ) - Jeux de Nuit/Night Games ( 1980 ) - The Hot Touch ( 1981 ) - Surprise Party ( 1983 ) - Faerie Tale Theatre ( 1984 TV , segment Beauty and the Beast ) - The Hitchhiker ( 1986 TV , segment Dead Mans Curve ) - And God Created Woman ( 1988 ) - Safari ( 1991 , TV movie ) - Amour fou ( 1993 , TV movie ) - La Nouvelle tribu ( 1996 , TV mini-series ) - Mon père avait raison ( 1996 , TV movie ) - Un coup de baguette magique ( 1997 , TV movie ) Actor . - School for Love ( 1955 ) - Sweet and Sour ( 1963 ) - Ciao ! Manhattan ( 1972 ) - The Assassinated Young Girl ( 1974 ) - Rich and Famous ( 1981 ) - Into the Night ( 1985 ) External links . - Image of Rock Hudson , Gene Roddenberry , and Roger Vadim posing with women cast members for motion picture Pretty Maids All in a Row , California , 1970 . Los Angeles Times Photographic Archive ( Collection 1429 ) . UCLA Library Special Collections , Charles E . Young Research Library , University of California , Los Angeles . |
[
"Marie-Christine Barrault"
] | easy | Who was the spouse of Roger Vadim from Dec 1990 to Feb 2000? | /wiki/Roger_Vadim#P26#3 | Roger Vadim Roger Vadim Plemiannikov ( ; 26 January 1928 – 11 February 2000 ) was a French screenwriter , film director and producer , as well as an author , artist and occasional actor . His best-known works are visually lavish films with erotic qualities , such as And God Created Woman ( 1956 ) , Barbarella ( 1968 ) , and Pretty Maids All in a Row ( 1971 ) . Early life . Vadim was born Roger Vadim Plemiannikov ( sometimes transliterated Plemiannikoff ) in Paris . His father , Igor Nikolaevich Plemiannikov ( ) , a White Russian military officer and pianist , had emigrated from imperial Russia and became a naturalized French citizen . He was a vice consul of France to Egypt , stationed in Alexandria , later posting to Mersin , Turkey as a consul . Vadims mother , Marie-Antoinette ( née Ardilouze ) , was a French actress . Although Vadim lived as a diplomats child in Northern Africa and the Middle East in his early youth , the death of his father when Vadim was nine years old caused the family to return to France , where his mother found work running a hostel in the French Alps , which was functioning as a way-station for Jews and other fugitives fleeing Nazism . Vadim studied journalism and writing at the University of Paris , without graduating . Film career . Marc Allégret . At age 19 , he became assistant to film director Marc Allégret , whom he met while working at the Theatre Sarah Bernhardt , and for whom he worked on several screenplays . He was an assistant director on Allegrets Blanche Fury ( 1948 ) , a commercially unsuccessful melodrama which Allegret made for a British company in English . Vadim was one of several writers on Allegrets French-British The Naked Heart ( 1950 ) , aka Maria Chapdelaine , starring Michèle Morgan , as well as serving as assistant director . It was shot in French and English versions . Blackmailed ( 1951 ) was another film Allegret directed in England , starring Mai Zetterling and Dirk Bogarde ; Vadim was credited as one of the writers . He was also one of several writers on Allegrets , La demoiselle et son revenant ( 1952 ) . Vadim did the screenplay and commentary for a documentary , Le gouffre de la Pierre Saint-Marti ( 1953 ) and was assistant director on Allegrets Julietta ( 1953 ) , a popular romance with Jean Marais , Dany Robin and Jeanne Moreau . Vadim wrote Allegrets Loves of Three Queens ( 1954 ) , with Hedy Lamarr . Brigitte Bardot . Vadim had begun a relationship with model-actress Brigitte Bardot . She was given a good role in a drama directed by Allegret , School for Love ( 1953 ) , aka Futures Vendettes , starring Jean Marais ; Vadim wrote the script with Allegret . The film was a commercial disappointment . However the next collaboration between Allegret , Bardot and Vadim , Plucking the Daisy ( 1956 ) , aka Mamselle Striptease , was a huge success at the French box office . So too was Naughty Girl ( 1956 ) , with Bardot . This allowed Vadim to get backing for his first movie as director . Vadims first film as director was based on an original story of his , And God Created Woman ( 1956 ) . Starring Bardot , Curt Jurgens and Christian Marquand and produced by Raoul Levy it was not only a major success in France , but around the world , and established Bardot as a world icon . Vadim followed it with No Sun in Venice ( 1957 ) starring Françoise Arnoul and Marquand , produced by Levy , which was considerably less popular than And God Created Woman . Levy , Vadim and Bardot were to make Paris by Night with Frank Sinatra but Bardot refused to spend months in the US and Sinatra felt likewise about filming in France . Instead Vadim made The Night Heaven Fell ( 1958 ) , starring Bardot and Stephen Boyd . He was one of several writers on Allegrets popular comedy , Be Beautiful But Shut Up ( 1958 ) , starring Mylène Demongeot . Vadimss next film was an adaptation of the book Les liaisons dangereuses ( 1959 ) , which he wrote and directed . It starred Moreau , Gérard Philipe ( in his final film ) and Annette Stroyberg , a Danish model who became Vadims second wife . The film became a huge hit in France . Stroyberg was also in the vampire film Blood and Roses ( 1960 ) . They divorced shortly afterwards . Vadim was reunited with Bardot for Please , Not Now ! ( 1961 ) , a popular comedy . He was one of several directors of the anthology film,The Seven Deadly Sins ( 1962 ) . Vadim began a relationship with a young Catherine Deneuve . She starred in a segment of the anthology film Tales of Paris ( 1962 ) , which was written by Vadim and directed by Allegret . She starred in a film Vadim helped write and produce , And Satan Calls the Turns ( 1962 ) , and was also Vice and Virtue ( 1963 ) , which Vadim directed . Vadim had another success writing and directing for Bardot , Love on a Pillow ( 1962 ) , but found less favour with Nutty , Naughty Chateau ( 1963 ) starring Monica Vitti . Jane Fonda . Vadim tried another adaptation of a classic erotic text , La Ronde ( 1964 ) . He said at the time , When I make a picture about relations between people , something erotic comes through ; I cant help it ! But sex has been an inspiration , the greatest inspiration , since art exists . One of the films many stars was rising American actress Jane Fonda who began a romantic relationship with Vadim . Vadim devised a vehicle for Fonda , The Game Is Over ( 1966 ) , based on a book by Émile Zola . Shot in French and English versions , it was very popular in France , though less so in the US . Dino de Laurentiis wanted Fonda to star in a science fiction sex comedy , Barbarella ( 1968 ) and she agreed provided Vadim could direct . Following this he directed Fonda in a segment of the omnibus horror film Spirits of the Dead ( 1968 ) along with her brother Peter Fonda . During his marriage to Fonda , Vadim would accompany her back to the US periodically while she made movies there . He and Fonda broke up and Vadim directed Pretty Maids All in a Row ( 1971 ) for MGM , starring Rock Hudson and Angie Dickinson . It was a commercial disappointment . Later career . Vadim returned to France . He wrote and directed Hellé ( 1972 ) , starring Gwen Welles , which was a flop . He was reunited with Bardot for Don Juan , or If Don Juan Were a Woman ( 1973 ) , which was Bardots penultimate movie and a commercial disappointment . Not particularly successful either were Charlotte ( 1974 ) , and Game of Seduction ( 1976 ) with Sylvia Kristel and Nathalie Delon . He directed a TV movie Bonheur , impair et passe ( 1977 ) , starring Danielle Darrieux . In the 1980s Vadim based himself in the US . He directed Night Games ( 1980 ) , where he attempted to make a star of Cindy Pickett , with whom he became romantically involved . He directed a caper film in Canada , The Hot Touch ( 1981 ) , starring Marie-France Pisier . Back in France he wrote and directed Surprise Party ( 1983 ) . He directed episodes of Faerie Tale Theatre ( 1984 ) and Deadly Nightmares ( 1986 ) . Vadim attempted to recapture his former success with a new version of And God Created Woman ( 1988 ) , with Rebecca de Mornay . Very different from the original – it only really used the same title – it failed critically and commercially . His final years were spent working in TV , where he directed Safari ( 1991 ) and wrote and directed Amour fou ( 1993 ) , starring Marie-Christine Barrault who became his final wife . She was also in directed La Nouvelle tribu ( 1996 ) and its sequel Un coup de baguette magique ( 1997 ) , which Vadim wrote and directed . Personal life . Romances . Vadim was famous for his romances/marriages to beautiful actresses . In his mid-30s , he lived with the teenaged Catherine Deneuve , by whom he had a child , Christian Vadim , prior to his marriage to Fonda . He was also involved with American actresses Margaret Markov and Cindy Pickett . Later , he cohabited with screenwriter Ann Biderman for several years , announcing their engagement in 1984 , but the couple never wed . Marriages . - Brigitte Bardot , 20 December 1952 – 6 December 1957 ( divorced ) - Annette Stroyberg , 17 June 1958 – 14 March 1961 ( divorced ) ; 1 daughter ( Nathalie ) - Jane Fonda , 14 August 1965 – 16 January 1973 ( divorced ) ; 1 daughter ( Vanessa ) - Catherine Schneider , 13 December 1975 – 10 June 1977 ( divorced ) ; 1 son ( Vania ) - Ann Biderman , Partner ( engaged but never wed ) , California - Marie-Christine Barrault , 21 December 1990 – 11 February 2000 ( his death ) He also had two stepsons from his marriage to Schneider ( younger sister of novelist Dominique Schneidre and heiress to the Schneider-Creusot steel and armaments firm ) as well as adult stepchildren from Barraults first marriage to Daniel Toscan du Plantier , also a friend of Vadims , who called him a happy man . He was someone in whom there was so much satisfaction to the end of his life . The films merely reflected his happiness . Nathalie , his eldest child , told Fonda biographer Patricia Bosworth : Jane was the love of my fathers life . Writing . In addition to Vadims theatre and film work , he also wrote several books , including the memoirs Memoires du Diable , Le Gout du Bonheur : Souvenirs 1940–1958 and an autobiography , Dune étoile à lautre ( From One Star to the Next ) as well as a tell-all about his most famous exes , Bardot , Deneuve & Fonda : My Life with the Three Most Beautiful Women in the World , published in 1986 . My attitude is that if this book makes me a little money it will be a tiny compensation for all the money I helped those actresses make , Vadim explained . He also wrote several plays and books of fiction , including Lange affamé . Death . Vadim died of cancer at age 72 on 11 February 2000 . Ex-wives Bardot , Fonda , Schneider and Stroyberg were all in attendance at his funeral . He is buried at St . Tropez Cemetery . Filmography . Writer or director . - The Naked Heart ( 1950 ) - Blackmailed ( 1951 ) - En Effeuillant la Marguerite/Mademoiselle Striptease ( 1956 ) - And God Created Woman ( 1956 ) - Sait-on jamais ? ( 1957 ) - Sois belle et tais-toi/Be Beautiful but Shut up ( 1957 ) - Les Bijoutiers du Clair de Lune/The Night Heaven Fell ( 1958 ) - Les liaisons dangereuses/Dangerous Liaisons ( 1959 ) - Blood and Roses ( 1960 ) - La Bride sur le cou/Please Not Now ! ( 1961 ) - Les Sept péchés capitaux/Seven Capital Sins ( 1962 ) - Les Parisiennes/Beds and Broads ( 1962 ) - Love on a Pillow ( 1962 ) - Un château en Suède/Castle in Sweden ( 1963 ) - Le vice et la vertu/Vice and Virtue ( 1963 ) - La Ronde/Circle of Love ( 1964 ) - La Curée/The Game is Over ( 1966 ) - Spirits of the Dead ( 1968 ) - Barbarella ( 1968 ) - Pretty Maids All in a Row ( 1971 ) - Hellé ( 1972 ) - Don Juan ou Si Don Juan était une femme ( 1973 ) - La jeune fille Assassinée/The Murdered Young Girl ( 1974 ) - Une femme fidèle ( 1976 ) - Bonheur , impair et passe ( 1977 ) - Jeux de Nuit/Night Games ( 1980 ) - The Hot Touch ( 1981 ) - Surprise Party ( 1983 ) - Faerie Tale Theatre ( 1984 TV , segment Beauty and the Beast ) - The Hitchhiker ( 1986 TV , segment Dead Mans Curve ) - And God Created Woman ( 1988 ) - Safari ( 1991 , TV movie ) - Amour fou ( 1993 , TV movie ) - La Nouvelle tribu ( 1996 , TV mini-series ) - Mon père avait raison ( 1996 , TV movie ) - Un coup de baguette magique ( 1997 , TV movie ) Actor . - School for Love ( 1955 ) - Sweet and Sour ( 1963 ) - Ciao ! Manhattan ( 1972 ) - The Assassinated Young Girl ( 1974 ) - Rich and Famous ( 1981 ) - Into the Night ( 1985 ) External links . - Image of Rock Hudson , Gene Roddenberry , and Roger Vadim posing with women cast members for motion picture Pretty Maids All in a Row , California , 1970 . Los Angeles Times Photographic Archive ( Collection 1429 ) . UCLA Library Special Collections , Charles E . Young Research Library , University of California , Los Angeles . |
[
"Governor of Minnesota"
] | easy | Alexander Ramsey took which position from 1860 to Jul 1863? | /wiki/Alexander_Ramsey#P39#0 | Alexander Ramsey Alexander Ramsey ( September 8 , 1815 April 22 , 1903 ) was an American politician . He served as a Whig and Republican over a variety of offices between the 1840s and the 1880s . He was the first Minnesota Territorial Governor . Early years and family . Born in Hummelstown , Pennsylvania , on September 8 , 1815 , Alexander was the eldest of five children born to Thomas Ramsey and Elizabeth Kelker ( also Kölliker or Köllker ) . His father was a blacksmith who committed suicide at age 42 when he went bankrupt in 1826 , after signing for a note of a friend . Alexander lived with his uncle in Harrisburg , after his family split up to live with relatives . His brother was Justus Cornelius Ramsey , who served in the Minnesota Territorial Legislature . Ramsey first studied carpentry at Lafayette College but left during his third year . He read law with Hamilton Alricks , and attended Judge John Reeds law school in Carlisle ( now Penn State-Dickinson Law ) in 1839 . He was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar in 1839 . In 1844 Ramsey married Anna Earl Jenks , daughter of Michael Hutchinson Jenks , and they had three children . Only one daughter , Marion , survived past childhood . Biography . Alexander Ramsey was elected from Pennsylvania as a Whig to the U.S . House of Representatives and served in the 28th and 29th congresses from March 4 , 1843 , to March 3 , 1847 . He served as the first Territorial Governor of Minnesota from June 1 , 1849 , to May 15 , 1853 , as a member of the Whig Party . Ramsey was of Scottish and German ancestry . In 1855 , he became the mayor of St . Paul , Minnesota . Ramsey was elected the second Governor of Minnesota after statehood and served from January 2 , 1860 , to July 10 , 1863 . Ramsey is credited with being the first Union governor to commit troops during the American Civil War . He happened to be in Washington , D.C. , when fighting broke out . When he heard about the firing on Fort Sumter he went straight to the White House and offered Minnesotas services to Abraham Lincoln . He resigned the governorship to become a U.S . Senator , having been elected to that post in 1863 as a Republican . He was re-elected in 1869 and held the office until March 3 , 1875 , serving in the 38th , 39th , 40th , 41st , 42nd , and 43rd congresses . He supported the Radical Republicans , who called for vigorous prosecution of the Civil War , and a military reconstruction of the South . He voted for the Impeachment of Andrew Johnson . Ramsey is also noted for his statements calling for the killing or removal of the Mdewakanton and Wahpekute Dakota from the state of Minnesota during the Dakota War of 1862 . He had pressed for the Dakota to sell their land , and then he and other officials stole their money , resulting in hunger and despair for the Dakota . In response , attacks by the Dakota on American settlements resulted in the death of not less than 800 civilian men , women and children and the displacement of thousands more . Ramsey declared on September 9 , 1862 : The Sioux Indians of Minnesota must be exterminated or driven forever beyond the borders of the state . In 1863 , in response to continued raids on civilian settlers , he authorized bounty payments on Dakota scalps . Ramsey served as Secretary of War from 1879 to 1881 , under President Rutherford B . Hayes . He was one of the commissioners to govern Utah from 1882 to 1886 under the Edmunds Act . The act made it illegal for polygamists to vote or hold office . Ramsey and four others were defendants in the Supreme Court case Murphy v . Ramsey , 114 U.S . 15 ( 1885 ) . The Supreme Court upheld the federal law that denied polygamists the right to vote . Legacy . - The Minnesota Historical Society preserves his home , the Alexander Ramsey House as a museum . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1969 . A number of counties , towns , parks , and schools are named after Ramsey , including : - Ramsey County , Minnesota , - Ramsey County , North Dakota - The city of Ramsey , Minnesota - The city of Ramsey , Illinois , - Alexander Ramsey Park , located in Redwood Falls , Minnesota , is the largest municipal park in Minnesota . - Ramsey Park in Stillwater , Minnesota - Ramsey Middle School in Saint Paul , Minnesota , St . Paul School Board to consider name change in 2021 , with school name no longer supported by either the schools staff or students . - Alexander Ramsey Elementary School in Montevideo , Minnesota . - Justice Page Middle School in Minneapolis , Minnesota was formerly named after him when it was first founded in 1932 ( Ramsey International Fine Arts Center and formerly Alexander Ramsey Junior High School ) . In the 2016–17 school year , a student-initiated effort to rename Ramsey Middle School resulted in renaming the school after Alan Page , the first African-American Minnesota Supreme Court justice . He was the namesake of the Liberty Ship SS Alexander Ramsey launched in 1942 . References . Retrieved on 2009-03-22 - Alexander Ramsey U.S . Army biography - The Political Graveyard External links . - Biographical information , gubernatorial records , and Ramseys personal papers are available for research use at the Minnesota Historical Society . |
[
"Secretary of War"
] | easy | Which position did Alexander Ramsey hold from Dec 1879 to Mar 1881? | /wiki/Alexander_Ramsey#P39#1 | Alexander Ramsey Alexander Ramsey ( September 8 , 1815 April 22 , 1903 ) was an American politician . He served as a Whig and Republican over a variety of offices between the 1840s and the 1880s . He was the first Minnesota Territorial Governor . Early years and family . Born in Hummelstown , Pennsylvania , on September 8 , 1815 , Alexander was the eldest of five children born to Thomas Ramsey and Elizabeth Kelker ( also Kölliker or Köllker ) . His father was a blacksmith who committed suicide at age 42 when he went bankrupt in 1826 , after signing for a note of a friend . Alexander lived with his uncle in Harrisburg , after his family split up to live with relatives . His brother was Justus Cornelius Ramsey , who served in the Minnesota Territorial Legislature . Ramsey first studied carpentry at Lafayette College but left during his third year . He read law with Hamilton Alricks , and attended Judge John Reeds law school in Carlisle ( now Penn State-Dickinson Law ) in 1839 . He was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar in 1839 . In 1844 Ramsey married Anna Earl Jenks , daughter of Michael Hutchinson Jenks , and they had three children . Only one daughter , Marion , survived past childhood . Biography . Alexander Ramsey was elected from Pennsylvania as a Whig to the U.S . House of Representatives and served in the 28th and 29th congresses from March 4 , 1843 , to March 3 , 1847 . He served as the first Territorial Governor of Minnesota from June 1 , 1849 , to May 15 , 1853 , as a member of the Whig Party . Ramsey was of Scottish and German ancestry . In 1855 , he became the mayor of St . Paul , Minnesota . Ramsey was elected the second Governor of Minnesota after statehood and served from January 2 , 1860 , to July 10 , 1863 . Ramsey is credited with being the first Union governor to commit troops during the American Civil War . He happened to be in Washington , D.C. , when fighting broke out . When he heard about the firing on Fort Sumter he went straight to the White House and offered Minnesotas services to Abraham Lincoln . He resigned the governorship to become a U.S . Senator , having been elected to that post in 1863 as a Republican . He was re-elected in 1869 and held the office until March 3 , 1875 , serving in the 38th , 39th , 40th , 41st , 42nd , and 43rd congresses . He supported the Radical Republicans , who called for vigorous prosecution of the Civil War , and a military reconstruction of the South . He voted for the Impeachment of Andrew Johnson . Ramsey is also noted for his statements calling for the killing or removal of the Mdewakanton and Wahpekute Dakota from the state of Minnesota during the Dakota War of 1862 . He had pressed for the Dakota to sell their land , and then he and other officials stole their money , resulting in hunger and despair for the Dakota . In response , attacks by the Dakota on American settlements resulted in the death of not less than 800 civilian men , women and children and the displacement of thousands more . Ramsey declared on September 9 , 1862 : The Sioux Indians of Minnesota must be exterminated or driven forever beyond the borders of the state . In 1863 , in response to continued raids on civilian settlers , he authorized bounty payments on Dakota scalps . Ramsey served as Secretary of War from 1879 to 1881 , under President Rutherford B . Hayes . He was one of the commissioners to govern Utah from 1882 to 1886 under the Edmunds Act . The act made it illegal for polygamists to vote or hold office . Ramsey and four others were defendants in the Supreme Court case Murphy v . Ramsey , 114 U.S . 15 ( 1885 ) . The Supreme Court upheld the federal law that denied polygamists the right to vote . Legacy . - The Minnesota Historical Society preserves his home , the Alexander Ramsey House as a museum . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1969 . A number of counties , towns , parks , and schools are named after Ramsey , including : - Ramsey County , Minnesota , - Ramsey County , North Dakota - The city of Ramsey , Minnesota - The city of Ramsey , Illinois , - Alexander Ramsey Park , located in Redwood Falls , Minnesota , is the largest municipal park in Minnesota . - Ramsey Park in Stillwater , Minnesota - Ramsey Middle School in Saint Paul , Minnesota , St . Paul School Board to consider name change in 2021 , with school name no longer supported by either the schools staff or students . - Alexander Ramsey Elementary School in Montevideo , Minnesota . - Justice Page Middle School in Minneapolis , Minnesota was formerly named after him when it was first founded in 1932 ( Ramsey International Fine Arts Center and formerly Alexander Ramsey Junior High School ) . In the 2016–17 school year , a student-initiated effort to rename Ramsey Middle School resulted in renaming the school after Alan Page , the first African-American Minnesota Supreme Court justice . He was the namesake of the Liberty Ship SS Alexander Ramsey launched in 1942 . References . Retrieved on 2009-03-22 - Alexander Ramsey U.S . Army biography - The Political Graveyard External links . - Biographical information , gubernatorial records , and Ramseys personal papers are available for research use at the Minnesota Historical Society . |
[
"international grandmaster"
] | easy | Which title was conferred to Yuri Averbakh in 1952? | /wiki/Yuri_Averbakh#P2962#0 | Yuri Averbakh Yuri Lvovich Averbakh ( ; born February 8 , 1922 ) is a Russian chess player and author . He is the oldest living chess grandmaster . He was chairman of the USSR Chess Federation from 1973 to 1978 . Life and career . Averbakh was born in Kaluga , Russia . His father was German Jewish , and his ancestors came from Germany and were named Auerbach , meaning meadow brook . His mother was Russian . Both sets of grandparents disapproved of their marriage because his father was likely an atheist and his mother was Eastern Orthodox , as well as the fact that his maternal grandmother died very young so his mother was expected to look after the family . Averbakh himself calls himself a fatalist . Tournament successes . His first major success was the first place in the Moscow Championship of 1949 , ahead of players including Andor Lilienthal , Yakov Estrin and Vladimir Simagin . He became an international grandmaster in 1952 . In 1954 he won the USSR Championship ahead of players including Mark Taimanov , Viktor Korchnoi , Tigran Petrosian , Efim Geller and Salo Flohr . In the 1956 Championship , he came equal first with Taimanov and Boris Spassky in the main event , finishing second after the playoff . Later Averbakhs daughter , Jane , would marry Taimanov . Averbakhs other major tournament victories included Vienna 1961 and Moscow 1962 . He qualified for the 1953 Candidates Tournament ( the last stage to determine the challenger to the World Chess Champion ) , finishing joint tenth of the fifteen participants . He also qualified for the 1958 Interzonal tournament at Portorož , by finishing in fourth place at the 1958 USSR Championship at Riga . At Portorož , he wound up in a tie for seventh through eleventh places , half a point short of advancing to the Candidates Tournament . He played in the 1993 Maccabiah Games in Israel , coming in fourth . Playing style . His solid style was difficult for many pure attackers to overcome , as he wrote:...Nezhmetdinov , who if he had the attack , could kill anybody , including Tal . But my score against him was something like 8½–½ because I did not give him any possibility for an active game . In such cases he would immediately start to spoil his position because he was looking for complications . He has plus records against the world champions Max Euwe and Tigran Petrosian . Writings . Averbakh is also a major endgame study theorist . He has published more than 100 studies , many of which have made notable contributions to endgame theory . In 1956 he was given by FIDE the title of International Judge of Chess Compositions and in 1969 that of International Arbiter . Averbakh is also an important chess journalist and author . He edited the Soviet chess periodicals Shakhmaty v SSSR and Shakhmatny Bulletin . From 1956 to 1962 he edited ( with Vitaly Chekhover and others ) a four-volume anthology on the endgame , Shakhmatnye okonchaniya ( revised in 1980-84 and translated as Comprehensive Chess Endings , in five volumes ) . Openings contributions . Averbakh is the eponym of several opening variations . - Kings Indian Defence : Averbakh variation ( E73 ) : 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Be2 0-0 6.Bg5 - Kings Indian Defence : semi-Averbakh system ( E73 ) : 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Be2 0-0 6.Be3 - Modern Defense : Averbakh variation ( A42 ) : 1.d4 g6 2.c4 Bg7 3.Nc3 d6 4.e4 Honours and awards . - Honored Master of Sports of the USSR - Order of Friendship of Peoples ( 1981 ) - Medal For Labour Valour ( 1957 ) - Medal For Distinguished Labour ( 1970 ) - Jubilee Medal In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary since the Birth of Vladimir Ilich Lenin ( 1970 ) - Russian Imperial Family : Knight Commander of the Imperial Order of Saint Stanislaus Books . - Chess Endings : Essential Knowledge , 1966 , 1993 , Everyman Chess , . - Comprehensive Chess Endings 1 : Bishop Endings , Knight Endings by Averbakh and Chekhover , 1983 , Pergamon , - Comprehensive Chess Endings 2 : Bishop vs Knight Endings , Rook vs Minor Piece Endings , 1985 , Pergamon , - Comprehensive Chess Endings 3 : Queen Endings , 1986 , Pergamon , - Comprehensive Chess Endings 4 : Pawn Endings , with Ilya Maizelis , 1987 , Pergamon , - Comprehensive Chess Endings 5 : Rook Endings , 1987 , Pergamon , - Chess Tactics for Advanced Players , 1985 , Pergamon , - Chess Tactics for Advanced Players , 2008 , Lebate , - A History of Chess from Chaturanga to the Present Day , 2012 , Russell Enterprises , - Journey to the Chess Kingdom , with Mark Beilin , 2014 , Chess Evolution , - Centre-Stage and Behind the Scenes : A Personal Memoir , 2011 , New In Chess , - Chess Middlegames : Essential Knowledge - Averbakhs Selected Games - Rook v Minor Piece Endings - The World Chess Championship , with Mark Taimanov - Small Chess Dictionary References . - Averbakhs Selected Games by Averbakh , 1998 , Everyman Chess , - Interview in The Day Kasparov Quit by Dirk Jan ten Geuzendam |
[
""
] | easy | Which title was conferred to Yuri Averbakh in 1951? | /wiki/Yuri_Averbakh#P2962#1 | Yuri Averbakh Yuri Lvovich Averbakh ( ; born February 8 , 1922 ) is a Russian chess player and author . He is the oldest living chess grandmaster . He was chairman of the USSR Chess Federation from 1973 to 1978 . Life and career . Averbakh was born in Kaluga , Russia . His father was German Jewish , and his ancestors came from Germany and were named Auerbach , meaning meadow brook . His mother was Russian . Both sets of grandparents disapproved of their marriage because his father was likely an atheist and his mother was Eastern Orthodox , as well as the fact that his maternal grandmother died very young so his mother was expected to look after the family . Averbakh himself calls himself a fatalist . Tournament successes . His first major success was the first place in the Moscow Championship of 1949 , ahead of players including Andor Lilienthal , Yakov Estrin and Vladimir Simagin . He became an international grandmaster in 1952 . In 1954 he won the USSR Championship ahead of players including Mark Taimanov , Viktor Korchnoi , Tigran Petrosian , Efim Geller and Salo Flohr . In the 1956 Championship , he came equal first with Taimanov and Boris Spassky in the main event , finishing second after the playoff . Later Averbakhs daughter , Jane , would marry Taimanov . Averbakhs other major tournament victories included Vienna 1961 and Moscow 1962 . He qualified for the 1953 Candidates Tournament ( the last stage to determine the challenger to the World Chess Champion ) , finishing joint tenth of the fifteen participants . He also qualified for the 1958 Interzonal tournament at Portorož , by finishing in fourth place at the 1958 USSR Championship at Riga . At Portorož , he wound up in a tie for seventh through eleventh places , half a point short of advancing to the Candidates Tournament . He played in the 1993 Maccabiah Games in Israel , coming in fourth . Playing style . His solid style was difficult for many pure attackers to overcome , as he wrote:...Nezhmetdinov , who if he had the attack , could kill anybody , including Tal . But my score against him was something like 8½–½ because I did not give him any possibility for an active game . In such cases he would immediately start to spoil his position because he was looking for complications . He has plus records against the world champions Max Euwe and Tigran Petrosian . Writings . Averbakh is also a major endgame study theorist . He has published more than 100 studies , many of which have made notable contributions to endgame theory . In 1956 he was given by FIDE the title of International Judge of Chess Compositions and in 1969 that of International Arbiter . Averbakh is also an important chess journalist and author . He edited the Soviet chess periodicals Shakhmaty v SSSR and Shakhmatny Bulletin . From 1956 to 1962 he edited ( with Vitaly Chekhover and others ) a four-volume anthology on the endgame , Shakhmatnye okonchaniya ( revised in 1980-84 and translated as Comprehensive Chess Endings , in five volumes ) . Openings contributions . Averbakh is the eponym of several opening variations . - Kings Indian Defence : Averbakh variation ( E73 ) : 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Be2 0-0 6.Bg5 - Kings Indian Defence : semi-Averbakh system ( E73 ) : 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Be2 0-0 6.Be3 - Modern Defense : Averbakh variation ( A42 ) : 1.d4 g6 2.c4 Bg7 3.Nc3 d6 4.e4 Honours and awards . - Honored Master of Sports of the USSR - Order of Friendship of Peoples ( 1981 ) - Medal For Labour Valour ( 1957 ) - Medal For Distinguished Labour ( 1970 ) - Jubilee Medal In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary since the Birth of Vladimir Ilich Lenin ( 1970 ) - Russian Imperial Family : Knight Commander of the Imperial Order of Saint Stanislaus Books . - Chess Endings : Essential Knowledge , 1966 , 1993 , Everyman Chess , . - Comprehensive Chess Endings 1 : Bishop Endings , Knight Endings by Averbakh and Chekhover , 1983 , Pergamon , - Comprehensive Chess Endings 2 : Bishop vs Knight Endings , Rook vs Minor Piece Endings , 1985 , Pergamon , - Comprehensive Chess Endings 3 : Queen Endings , 1986 , Pergamon , - Comprehensive Chess Endings 4 : Pawn Endings , with Ilya Maizelis , 1987 , Pergamon , - Comprehensive Chess Endings 5 : Rook Endings , 1987 , Pergamon , - Chess Tactics for Advanced Players , 1985 , Pergamon , - Chess Tactics for Advanced Players , 2008 , Lebate , - A History of Chess from Chaturanga to the Present Day , 2012 , Russell Enterprises , - Journey to the Chess Kingdom , with Mark Beilin , 2014 , Chess Evolution , - Centre-Stage and Behind the Scenes : A Personal Memoir , 2011 , New In Chess , - Chess Middlegames : Essential Knowledge - Averbakhs Selected Games - Rook v Minor Piece Endings - The World Chess Championship , with Mark Taimanov - Small Chess Dictionary References . - Averbakhs Selected Games by Averbakh , 1998 , Everyman Chess , - Interview in The Day Kasparov Quit by Dirk Jan ten Geuzendam |
[
""
] | easy | Which title was conferred to Yuri Averbakh in 1944? | /wiki/Yuri_Averbakh#P2962#2 | Yuri Averbakh Yuri Lvovich Averbakh ( ; born February 8 , 1922 ) is a Russian chess player and author . He is the oldest living chess grandmaster . He was chairman of the USSR Chess Federation from 1973 to 1978 . Life and career . Averbakh was born in Kaluga , Russia . His father was German Jewish , and his ancestors came from Germany and were named Auerbach , meaning meadow brook . His mother was Russian . Both sets of grandparents disapproved of their marriage because his father was likely an atheist and his mother was Eastern Orthodox , as well as the fact that his maternal grandmother died very young so his mother was expected to look after the family . Averbakh himself calls himself a fatalist . Tournament successes . His first major success was the first place in the Moscow Championship of 1949 , ahead of players including Andor Lilienthal , Yakov Estrin and Vladimir Simagin . He became an international grandmaster in 1952 . In 1954 he won the USSR Championship ahead of players including Mark Taimanov , Viktor Korchnoi , Tigran Petrosian , Efim Geller and Salo Flohr . In the 1956 Championship , he came equal first with Taimanov and Boris Spassky in the main event , finishing second after the playoff . Later Averbakhs daughter , Jane , would marry Taimanov . Averbakhs other major tournament victories included Vienna 1961 and Moscow 1962 . He qualified for the 1953 Candidates Tournament ( the last stage to determine the challenger to the World Chess Champion ) , finishing joint tenth of the fifteen participants . He also qualified for the 1958 Interzonal tournament at Portorož , by finishing in fourth place at the 1958 USSR Championship at Riga . At Portorož , he wound up in a tie for seventh through eleventh places , half a point short of advancing to the Candidates Tournament . He played in the 1993 Maccabiah Games in Israel , coming in fourth . Playing style . His solid style was difficult for many pure attackers to overcome , as he wrote:...Nezhmetdinov , who if he had the attack , could kill anybody , including Tal . But my score against him was something like 8½–½ because I did not give him any possibility for an active game . In such cases he would immediately start to spoil his position because he was looking for complications . He has plus records against the world champions Max Euwe and Tigran Petrosian . Writings . Averbakh is also a major endgame study theorist . He has published more than 100 studies , many of which have made notable contributions to endgame theory . In 1956 he was given by FIDE the title of International Judge of Chess Compositions and in 1969 that of International Arbiter . Averbakh is also an important chess journalist and author . He edited the Soviet chess periodicals Shakhmaty v SSSR and Shakhmatny Bulletin . From 1956 to 1962 he edited ( with Vitaly Chekhover and others ) a four-volume anthology on the endgame , Shakhmatnye okonchaniya ( revised in 1980-84 and translated as Comprehensive Chess Endings , in five volumes ) . Openings contributions . Averbakh is the eponym of several opening variations . - Kings Indian Defence : Averbakh variation ( E73 ) : 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Be2 0-0 6.Bg5 - Kings Indian Defence : semi-Averbakh system ( E73 ) : 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Be2 0-0 6.Be3 - Modern Defense : Averbakh variation ( A42 ) : 1.d4 g6 2.c4 Bg7 3.Nc3 d6 4.e4 Honours and awards . - Honored Master of Sports of the USSR - Order of Friendship of Peoples ( 1981 ) - Medal For Labour Valour ( 1957 ) - Medal For Distinguished Labour ( 1970 ) - Jubilee Medal In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary since the Birth of Vladimir Ilich Lenin ( 1970 ) - Russian Imperial Family : Knight Commander of the Imperial Order of Saint Stanislaus Books . - Chess Endings : Essential Knowledge , 1966 , 1993 , Everyman Chess , . - Comprehensive Chess Endings 1 : Bishop Endings , Knight Endings by Averbakh and Chekhover , 1983 , Pergamon , - Comprehensive Chess Endings 2 : Bishop vs Knight Endings , Rook vs Minor Piece Endings , 1985 , Pergamon , - Comprehensive Chess Endings 3 : Queen Endings , 1986 , Pergamon , - Comprehensive Chess Endings 4 : Pawn Endings , with Ilya Maizelis , 1987 , Pergamon , - Comprehensive Chess Endings 5 : Rook Endings , 1987 , Pergamon , - Chess Tactics for Advanced Players , 1985 , Pergamon , - Chess Tactics for Advanced Players , 2008 , Lebate , - A History of Chess from Chaturanga to the Present Day , 2012 , Russell Enterprises , - Journey to the Chess Kingdom , with Mark Beilin , 2014 , Chess Evolution , - Centre-Stage and Behind the Scenes : A Personal Memoir , 2011 , New In Chess , - Chess Middlegames : Essential Knowledge - Averbakhs Selected Games - Rook v Minor Piece Endings - The World Chess Championship , with Mark Taimanov - Small Chess Dictionary References . - Averbakhs Selected Games by Averbakh , 1998 , Everyman Chess , - Interview in The Day Kasparov Quit by Dirk Jan ten Geuzendam |
[
"International Judge of Chess Compositions"
] | easy | Which title was conferred to Yuri Averbakh in 1956? | /wiki/Yuri_Averbakh#P2962#3 | Yuri Averbakh Yuri Lvovich Averbakh ( ; born February 8 , 1922 ) is a Russian chess player and author . He is the oldest living chess grandmaster . He was chairman of the USSR Chess Federation from 1973 to 1978 . Life and career . Averbakh was born in Kaluga , Russia . His father was German Jewish , and his ancestors came from Germany and were named Auerbach , meaning meadow brook . His mother was Russian . Both sets of grandparents disapproved of their marriage because his father was likely an atheist and his mother was Eastern Orthodox , as well as the fact that his maternal grandmother died very young so his mother was expected to look after the family . Averbakh himself calls himself a fatalist . Tournament successes . His first major success was the first place in the Moscow Championship of 1949 , ahead of players including Andor Lilienthal , Yakov Estrin and Vladimir Simagin . He became an international grandmaster in 1952 . In 1954 he won the USSR Championship ahead of players including Mark Taimanov , Viktor Korchnoi , Tigran Petrosian , Efim Geller and Salo Flohr . In the 1956 Championship , he came equal first with Taimanov and Boris Spassky in the main event , finishing second after the playoff . Later Averbakhs daughter , Jane , would marry Taimanov . Averbakhs other major tournament victories included Vienna 1961 and Moscow 1962 . He qualified for the 1953 Candidates Tournament ( the last stage to determine the challenger to the World Chess Champion ) , finishing joint tenth of the fifteen participants . He also qualified for the 1958 Interzonal tournament at Portorož , by finishing in fourth place at the 1958 USSR Championship at Riga . At Portorož , he wound up in a tie for seventh through eleventh places , half a point short of advancing to the Candidates Tournament . He played in the 1993 Maccabiah Games in Israel , coming in fourth . Playing style . His solid style was difficult for many pure attackers to overcome , as he wrote:...Nezhmetdinov , who if he had the attack , could kill anybody , including Tal . But my score against him was something like 8½–½ because I did not give him any possibility for an active game . In such cases he would immediately start to spoil his position because he was looking for complications . He has plus records against the world champions Max Euwe and Tigran Petrosian . Writings . Averbakh is also a major endgame study theorist . He has published more than 100 studies , many of which have made notable contributions to endgame theory . In 1956 he was given by FIDE the title of International Judge of Chess Compositions and in 1969 that of International Arbiter . Averbakh is also an important chess journalist and author . He edited the Soviet chess periodicals Shakhmaty v SSSR and Shakhmatny Bulletin . From 1956 to 1962 he edited ( with Vitaly Chekhover and others ) a four-volume anthology on the endgame , Shakhmatnye okonchaniya ( revised in 1980-84 and translated as Comprehensive Chess Endings , in five volumes ) . Openings contributions . Averbakh is the eponym of several opening variations . - Kings Indian Defence : Averbakh variation ( E73 ) : 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Be2 0-0 6.Bg5 - Kings Indian Defence : semi-Averbakh system ( E73 ) : 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Be2 0-0 6.Be3 - Modern Defense : Averbakh variation ( A42 ) : 1.d4 g6 2.c4 Bg7 3.Nc3 d6 4.e4 Honours and awards . - Honored Master of Sports of the USSR - Order of Friendship of Peoples ( 1981 ) - Medal For Labour Valour ( 1957 ) - Medal For Distinguished Labour ( 1970 ) - Jubilee Medal In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary since the Birth of Vladimir Ilich Lenin ( 1970 ) - Russian Imperial Family : Knight Commander of the Imperial Order of Saint Stanislaus Books . - Chess Endings : Essential Knowledge , 1966 , 1993 , Everyman Chess , . - Comprehensive Chess Endings 1 : Bishop Endings , Knight Endings by Averbakh and Chekhover , 1983 , Pergamon , - Comprehensive Chess Endings 2 : Bishop vs Knight Endings , Rook vs Minor Piece Endings , 1985 , Pergamon , - Comprehensive Chess Endings 3 : Queen Endings , 1986 , Pergamon , - Comprehensive Chess Endings 4 : Pawn Endings , with Ilya Maizelis , 1987 , Pergamon , - Comprehensive Chess Endings 5 : Rook Endings , 1987 , Pergamon , - Chess Tactics for Advanced Players , 1985 , Pergamon , - Chess Tactics for Advanced Players , 2008 , Lebate , - A History of Chess from Chaturanga to the Present Day , 2012 , Russell Enterprises , - Journey to the Chess Kingdom , with Mark Beilin , 2014 , Chess Evolution , - Centre-Stage and Behind the Scenes : A Personal Memoir , 2011 , New In Chess , - Chess Middlegames : Essential Knowledge - Averbakhs Selected Games - Rook v Minor Piece Endings - The World Chess Championship , with Mark Taimanov - Small Chess Dictionary References . - Averbakhs Selected Games by Averbakh , 1998 , Everyman Chess , - Interview in The Day Kasparov Quit by Dirk Jan ten Geuzendam |
[
"International Arbiter"
] | easy | Which title was conferred to Yuri Averbakh in 1969? | /wiki/Yuri_Averbakh#P2962#4 | Yuri Averbakh Yuri Lvovich Averbakh ( ; born February 8 , 1922 ) is a Russian chess player and author . He is the oldest living chess grandmaster . He was chairman of the USSR Chess Federation from 1973 to 1978 . Life and career . Averbakh was born in Kaluga , Russia . His father was German Jewish , and his ancestors came from Germany and were named Auerbach , meaning meadow brook . His mother was Russian . Both sets of grandparents disapproved of their marriage because his father was likely an atheist and his mother was Eastern Orthodox , as well as the fact that his maternal grandmother died very young so his mother was expected to look after the family . Averbakh himself calls himself a fatalist . Tournament successes . His first major success was the first place in the Moscow Championship of 1949 , ahead of players including Andor Lilienthal , Yakov Estrin and Vladimir Simagin . He became an international grandmaster in 1952 . In 1954 he won the USSR Championship ahead of players including Mark Taimanov , Viktor Korchnoi , Tigran Petrosian , Efim Geller and Salo Flohr . In the 1956 Championship , he came equal first with Taimanov and Boris Spassky in the main event , finishing second after the playoff . Later Averbakhs daughter , Jane , would marry Taimanov . Averbakhs other major tournament victories included Vienna 1961 and Moscow 1962 . He qualified for the 1953 Candidates Tournament ( the last stage to determine the challenger to the World Chess Champion ) , finishing joint tenth of the fifteen participants . He also qualified for the 1958 Interzonal tournament at Portorož , by finishing in fourth place at the 1958 USSR Championship at Riga . At Portorož , he wound up in a tie for seventh through eleventh places , half a point short of advancing to the Candidates Tournament . He played in the 1993 Maccabiah Games in Israel , coming in fourth . Playing style . His solid style was difficult for many pure attackers to overcome , as he wrote:...Nezhmetdinov , who if he had the attack , could kill anybody , including Tal . But my score against him was something like 8½–½ because I did not give him any possibility for an active game . In such cases he would immediately start to spoil his position because he was looking for complications . He has plus records against the world champions Max Euwe and Tigran Petrosian . Writings . Averbakh is also a major endgame study theorist . He has published more than 100 studies , many of which have made notable contributions to endgame theory . In 1956 he was given by FIDE the title of International Judge of Chess Compositions and in 1969 that of International Arbiter . Averbakh is also an important chess journalist and author . He edited the Soviet chess periodicals Shakhmaty v SSSR and Shakhmatny Bulletin . From 1956 to 1962 he edited ( with Vitaly Chekhover and others ) a four-volume anthology on the endgame , Shakhmatnye okonchaniya ( revised in 1980-84 and translated as Comprehensive Chess Endings , in five volumes ) . Openings contributions . Averbakh is the eponym of several opening variations . - Kings Indian Defence : Averbakh variation ( E73 ) : 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Be2 0-0 6.Bg5 - Kings Indian Defence : semi-Averbakh system ( E73 ) : 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Be2 0-0 6.Be3 - Modern Defense : Averbakh variation ( A42 ) : 1.d4 g6 2.c4 Bg7 3.Nc3 d6 4.e4 Honours and awards . - Honored Master of Sports of the USSR - Order of Friendship of Peoples ( 1981 ) - Medal For Labour Valour ( 1957 ) - Medal For Distinguished Labour ( 1970 ) - Jubilee Medal In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary since the Birth of Vladimir Ilich Lenin ( 1970 ) - Russian Imperial Family : Knight Commander of the Imperial Order of Saint Stanislaus Books . - Chess Endings : Essential Knowledge , 1966 , 1993 , Everyman Chess , . - Comprehensive Chess Endings 1 : Bishop Endings , Knight Endings by Averbakh and Chekhover , 1983 , Pergamon , - Comprehensive Chess Endings 2 : Bishop vs Knight Endings , Rook vs Minor Piece Endings , 1985 , Pergamon , - Comprehensive Chess Endings 3 : Queen Endings , 1986 , Pergamon , - Comprehensive Chess Endings 4 : Pawn Endings , with Ilya Maizelis , 1987 , Pergamon , - Comprehensive Chess Endings 5 : Rook Endings , 1987 , Pergamon , - Chess Tactics for Advanced Players , 1985 , Pergamon , - Chess Tactics for Advanced Players , 2008 , Lebate , - A History of Chess from Chaturanga to the Present Day , 2012 , Russell Enterprises , - Journey to the Chess Kingdom , with Mark Beilin , 2014 , Chess Evolution , - Centre-Stage and Behind the Scenes : A Personal Memoir , 2011 , New In Chess , - Chess Middlegames : Essential Knowledge - Averbakhs Selected Games - Rook v Minor Piece Endings - The World Chess Championship , with Mark Taimanov - Small Chess Dictionary References . - Averbakhs Selected Games by Averbakh , 1998 , Everyman Chess , - Interview in The Day Kasparov Quit by Dirk Jan ten Geuzendam |
[
"Roosevelt University",
"University of Illinois"
] | easy | Where was Bobby Rush educated from 1973 to 1974? | /wiki/Bobby_Rush#P69#0 | Bobby Rush Bobby Lee Rush ( born November 23 , 1946 ) is an American politician , activist , pastor , and the U.S . Representative for , serving in Congress for more than two decades . A civil rights activist during the 1960s , Rush co-founded the Illinois chapter of the Black Panther Party . Rush was first elected to Congress in 1992 . He has since won consecutive re-elections . His district was originally located principally on the South Side of Chicago , with a population from 2003 to early 2013 that was 65 percent African-American , a higher proportion than any other congressional district in the nation . In 2011 the Illinois General Assembly redistricted this area following the 2010 census . Although still minority-majority , since early 2013 it is 51.3 percent African American , 9.8 percent Latino , and 2 percent Asian . He was re-elected in 2018 . A member of the Democratic Party , Rush is the only politician to have defeated former President of the United States Barack Obama in an election , which he did in the 2000 Democratic primary for Illinoiss 1st congressional district . He is dean of Illinois delegation to the House of Representatives . Early life , education , and activism . Rush was born on November 23 , 1946 , in Albany , Georgia . After his parents separated when Rush was 7 years old , his mother took him and his siblings to Chicago , Illinois , joining the Great Migration of African Americans out of the South in the first part of the 20th century . In 1963 , Rush dropped out of high school before graduating ; he joined the U.S . Army . While stationed in Chicago in 1966 , he joined the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee , which had helped obtain national civil rights legislation passed in 1964 and 1965 . In 1968 , he went AWOL from the Army and co-founded the Illinois chapter of the Black Panthers . He later finished his service , receiving an honorable discharge from the Army . Throughout the 1960s , Rush was involved in the civil rights movement and worked in civil disobedience campaigns in the southern United States . After co-founding the Illinois chapter of the Black Panther Party in 1968 , he served as its defense minister . After Black Panther Fred Hampton was assassinated by the Chicago Police Department and the States Attorney Office in a police raid , Rush said , We needed to arm ourselves , and referred to the police as pigs . Earlier that same year Rush had discussed the philosophy of his membership in the Black Panthers saying , Black people have been on the defensive for all these years . The trend now is not to wait to be attacked . We advocate offensive violence against the power structure . After Hamptons death , Rush became acting chairman of the Illinois Black Panther Party . Rush worked on several non-violent projects that built support for the Black Panthers in African-American communities , such as coordinating a medical clinic which offered sickle-cell anemia testing on an unprecedented scale . Rush was imprisoned for six months in 1972 on a weapons charge , after carrying a pistol into a police station . In 1974 , he left the Black Panthers , who were already in decline . We started glorifying thuggery and drugs , he told People . Rush , a deeply religious born-again Christian , said , I dont repudiate any of my involvement in the Panther party—it was part of my maturing . He is dean of Illinois delegation to the House of Representatives . Formal education . Rush earned his Bachelor of General Studies with honors from Roosevelt University in 1973 , and a Masters degree in political science from University of Illinois at Chicago in 1974 . He completed a degree in theological studies at McCormick Theological Seminary in 1978 . On May 13 , 2017 Rush received an Honorary Doctorate of Humanities , honoris causa , from the Illinois Institute of Technology ( IIT ) for his outstanding contributions to Chicago . Politics . Chicago politics . In 1975 , Rush ran for a seat on the Chicago City Council , the first of several black militants to seek political office , and was defeated by incumbent alderman William Barnett , placing second with 23% of the vote , behind Barnetts 55% and ahead of Larry S . Bullocks 21% . Rushs allies in the black-power movement abandoned the Democrats in the wake of the political turmoil that followed the sudden death in 1987 of Chicagos first black mayor , Harold Washington , and formed their own political party , naming it after the late mayor . Rush infuriated Harold Washington Party leaders by spurning their candidates for local offices and , on occasion , backing white Democrats instead . Rush worked with the regular Democrats and was rewarded with the deputy chairmanship of the state party . Congressional elections . After redistricting in 1992 , Rush decided to run in the newly redrawn Illinois 1st congressional district , which included much of the South Side of Chicago . The district had a high proportion of African-American residents . Rush defeated incumbent U.S . Congressman Charles Hayes and six other candidates in the Democratic primary election in 1992 . He won the general election with 83% of the vote . In the 2000 Democratic primary for the Illinois 1st congressional district , Rush was challenged by young Illinois State Senator Barack Obama . During the primary , Rush said , Barack Obama went to Harvard and became an educated fool . Barack is a person who read about the civil rights protests and thinks he knows all about it . Rush claimed Obama was insufficiently rooted in Chicagos black neighborhoods to represent constituents concerns . For his part , Obama said Rush was a part of a politics that is rooted in the past and said he could build bridges with whites to get things done . But while Obama did well in his own Hyde Park base , he did not get enough support from the surrounding black neighborhoods . Starting with 10% name recognition , Obama eventually gained 30% of the vote , losing by a more than 2-to-1 margin despite winning among white voters . Rush won 61% of the votes overall . Rush won the general election for the district with 88% of the vote . Subsequent Chicago politics . In 1999 , Rush ran for Mayor of Chicago , but lost to incumbent Richard M . Daley , an ethnic Irish American whose father had long controlled the city as mayor . He remained active in city and regional politics . In 2013 , Rush criticized a proposal by Republican U.S . Senator Mark Kirk who suggested that 18,000 members of the Chicago gang Gangster Disciples be arrested . Rush called Kirks approach headline grabbing , and said it was an upper-middle-class , elitist white boy solution to a problem he knows nothing about . A spokesman for Kirk said the Congressman had dealt with the issues for decades . Also in 2013 , Alex Clifford was forced to resign as CEO of Metra commuter rail agency , but soon after he left , a memo was released indirectly accusing Rush of using his political power to steer a $50,000 contract to a Washington-based business group . Endorsements . In the 2015 Chicago mayoral election , Rush endorsed Mayor Rahm Emanuel in Emanuels run-off reelection campaign against Jesus Chuy Garcia . In the 2019 Chicago mayoral election , Rush endorsed Bill Daley in the first-round , and Toni Preckwinkle in the runoff . Though a very close friend to former President Bill Clinton and his wife , politician Hillary Clinton , Rush announced early on in the 2008 Democratic primaries that he would support Barack Obama . After Obama won the Presidency and vacated his Senate seat , Rush proposed that an African American should be appointed to fill that seat . During a press conference , Rush said , With the resignation of President-elect Obama , we now have no African-Americans in the United States Senate , and we believe it will be a national disgrace to not have this seat filled by one of the many capable African-American Illinois politicians . Rush said he did not support any particular person , and he was not interested in the seat . On December 30 , 2008 , Governor Rod Blagojevich announced his appointment of Roland Burris , the former Attorney General of Illinois ; Rush was present at the press conference and spoke in support of Burris . Rush endorsed Kamala Harris in the 2020 Democratic presidential primary . After she dropped out , he endorsed Michael Bloomberg and became his campaigns national co-chair . U.S . House of Representatives . Rush has been considered a loyal Democrat during his tenure ; in the 110th Congress , he voted with his party 97.8% of the time . Rush is a member of the Congressional Black Caucus and the House Baltic Caucus . Issues . - Fiscal Rush initiated the Chicago Partnership for the Earned Income Tax Credit , an ongoing program designed to help low-income working Chicago resident to receive the Earned Income Tax Credit , a federal income tax credits . - Healthcare Rush sponsored the Nursing Relief for Disadvantaged Areas Act passed in 1999 . The law temporarily addressed the nursing shortage by providing non-immigrant visas for qualified foreign nurses in the Englewood neighborhood of Chicago and was reauthorized in 2005 . Rush sponsored the Melanie Blocker-Stokes Postpartum Depression Research and Care Act , named for Melanie Blocker-Stokes , a Chicago native who jumped to her death from a 12th-story window due to postpartum depression . The bill would provide for research on postpartum depression and psychosis and services for individuals suffering from these disorders . The Childrens Health Act , passed in 2000 , incorporated Rushs Urban Asthma Reduction Act of 1999 , amending the Preventive Health and Health Services Block Grant program and including an integrated approach to asthma management . - Energy Rush was very outspoken against the GOPs No More Solyndras Bill , which would override a loan guarantee by the Energy Department to encourage research and development . The Energy Department provided a federal loan guarantee to the solar manufacturing company Solyndra to help with R&D . He said the No More Solyndras Bill would be better named as the No More Innovation Bill . - Firearms Rush introduced the Blair Holts Firearm Licensing and Record of Sale Act of 2009 on January 6 , 2009 . The bill would require all owners of handguns and semiautomatic firearms to register for a federal firearms license . All sales of the subject firearms would have to go through a licensed dealer . It would also make it a criminal act not to register as an owner of a firearm . - Darfur genocide On July 15 , 2004 , Rush became the second sitting member of Congress , following Charles Rangel and preceding Joe Hoeffel , to be arrested for trespassing while protesting the genocide in Darfur and other violations of human rights in Sudan in front of the Sudanese Embassy . - Armed forces On February 13 , 2007 , Rush opposed President George W . Bushs proposed 20,000-serviceman troop surge in Iraq . He said the presence of the troops in Iraq was the greatest catalyst of violence in Iraq , and advocated a political resolution of the situation . Rush stated that the troop surge would only serve to make the Iraqi situation more volatile . - Trayvon Martin On March 28 , 2012 , Rush addressed the House while wearing a hoodie in honor of Trayvon Martin , a teenager who was shot in Florida by a local resident . He spoke against racial profiling . As the House forbids its members from wearing headgear , Rush was called out of order and escorted from the chamber . - Israel On September 5 , 2017 , Rush became the sole co-sponsor of H.R . 1697 to withdraw his support of the bill , which would require the United States to side with Israel against a United Nations resolution sanctioning Israel for human rights abuses . In July 2019 , Rush voted against H . Res . 246 - 116th Congress , a House resolution introduced by Congressman Brad Schneider ( D-IL ) opposing efforts to boycott the State of Israel and the Global Boycott , Divestment , and Sanctions Movement targeting Israel . The resolution passed 398–17 . Committee assignments . In the 115th United States Congress ( January 3 , 2017 , to January 3 , 2019 ) : - Committee on Energy and Commerce - Subcommittee on Communications and Technology - Subcommittee on Energy ( Chairman ) Caucus memberships . - Afterschool Caucuses Missed votes . Rushs career average missed vote percentage is 15.7 , which is extremely high compared to the median missed vote percentage of 2.2 for members of the U.S . House of Representatives . However , most of his absences were between 2014 and 2016 and he asserts that serious health problems kept him from D.C . In the first session of the 114th session of Congress ( January 2015 to December 2015 ) , Rush missed 15.6% of the votes and ranked #12 in most missed votes . Rush had the distinction of missing more votes than any other member of the House of Representatives between 2007 and 2015 : out of 6,906 votes , Rush missed 1,549 or 22.4% . Health issues for Rush and his wife were his main explanations for his high number of missed votes . Ethics concerns and conflicts of interest . The Office of Congressional Ethics referred a matter involving Rush to the House Ethics Committee in 2014 . The Office of Congressional Ethics report found he did not pay about $365,000 in rent for longtime use of an office to conduct politics . Rush has paid family members for years in questionable practices . Rush had a family member who for years worked for his church but was paid by a campaign supporter and friend . The Federal Election Commission questioned Rushs campaign over a campaign-finance report that showed thousands of dollars spent on vague categories such as campaign visibility and services rendered . His campaign paid his wife , Carolyn , $50,000 in 2015 for consulting , and his brother , Marlon Rush of Lansing , $13,000 in 2016 for two months work as campaign manager , according to FEC reports . Oxford Media Group Inc. , an Oak Brook company owned by multimillionaire businessman Joseph Stroud , paid the Commonwealth Edison bill — which was well past due , totaling $17,900 for Rushs Beloved Community Christian Church in 2010 . Rush had personally been named in a ComEd lawsuit over the churchs previous unpaid bills . Stroud was trying to break into the wireless phone industry dominated by Verizon and AT&T , and Rush was pushing for federal tax incentives that would give one of Strouds other companies a leg up as a minority-owned business . A nonprofit Rush started got $1 million from the charitable arm of whats now AT&T for what turned out to be a failed effort to create a technology center in Englewood . At the time , the telecom giant was seeking support for legislation in a House committee on which Rush was a key member . From 2001 to 2013 , businesses counting on favorable actions by Rush in Congress donated roughly $1.7 million to Rushs pet charities . Rush attracted more charitable corporate giving than any other Illinois congressman , by a large margin , according to a Sunlight Foundation study of expenditures from 2009 to 2011 . While it is impossible to assign cause and effect , at critical junctures Rush parted with fellow liberal Democrats in Congress to take pro-industry positions aligned with corporate benefactors SBC/AT&T , Comcast and ComEd . Beloved Community Christian Church . Rush is pastor of the Beloved Community Christian Church in the Englewood neighborhood of Chicago . Leaders of other Englewood non-profit organizations complained that the churchs programs — a community development corporation Rebirth of Englewood , a public health center , and a group serving teens convicted of crimes — received an inordinate amount of government aid and weighed heavily on their own efforts for renewal . Unpaid taxes and wage garnishment . In 2013 , Rush and his wife , the Beloved Community Christian Church of which Rush is pastor , and another nonprofit organization operating out of the church had tax delinquencies that added up to $195,000 , and the pattern of tax delinquency was a decade old . Unpaid taxes included property taxes , income taxes , and employee withholding taxes . New City Bank sued Rush and his wife for $500,000 , claiming they failed to pay their property taxes in 2009 . In 1994 , Rush owed the Internal Revenue Service $55,000 in federal income taxes , according to Cook County records . Beginning in 2018 , 15 percent of Rushs congressional salary is being garnished to repay more than $1 million he owes on a delinquent loan for the now-closed church he founded in Chicago . Cook County Circuit Judge Alexander White ordered Rush to repay the $550,000 loan that New City Bank granted him and seven other co-signers in 2005 . With the money , Rush bought the former Our Redeemer Lutheran Church in Chicagos Englewood neighborhood and restyled it as the Beloved Community Church of God in Christ . Personal life . Rush has been married three times . His first marriage , when he was 19 years old , was to Sandra Milan , until their divorce in 1973 . They had two children together . He later married community organizer , precinct captain , and political strategist Carolyn Thomas from 1980 or 1981 until her death from congestive heart failure on March 13 , 2017 . Their blended family had seven surviving children at the time of her death . On June 30 , 2018 he married his third wife , minister and author Paulette Holloway . Rushs son , Huey Rich , was murdered on the South Side of Chicago at age 29 , in October 1999 . He was named after Black Panther co-founder Huey P . Newton . Richs mother was Saundra Rich , who Rush never married . On October 18 , 1999 , Rich was approached outside his apartment building by Leo Foster and Darcell Prince , who falsely claimed to be police officers . They wore bulletproof vests , and carried walkie-talkies , guns , and badges , but Rich didnt believe them and ran . Foster and Prince chased and shot Rich , then stole several hundred dollars and keys from his pockets . He died in hospital four days later from extensive blood loss . Foster told police that he and Prince were coming to collect $110,000 worth of cocaine that Rich had been paid to procure but hadnt delivered . Richs friends didnt believe Fosters story , with some suggesting it may have been a case of mistaken identity . Rush said Rich was involved in positive—as far as I know—endeavors , adding as parents , we dont always know . Foster was sentenced to 60 years in prison for Richs murder , and Prince was sentenced to 50 years . The murder prompted Rush to prioritize efforts to reduce gun violence . In 2008 , Rush had a rare type of malignant tumor removed from his salivary gland . Rush is a member of Iota Phi Theta Fraternity , Inc . According to a DNA analysis conducted under the auspices of the TV program , Know Your Heritage , he is descended mainly from the Ashanti people of Ghana . Rush attributed his election to Congress to Tony Robbins . His heroes include Abraham Lincoln , Kit Carson , and Huey P . Newton . In 2018 , Rushs son Flynn Rush unsuccessfully ran for a seat in the Illinois House of Representatives , losing in the Democratic primary to Curtis Tarver . |
[
"University of Illinois",
"McCormick Theological Seminary"
] | easy | Where was Bobby Rush educated from 1974 to 1994? | /wiki/Bobby_Rush#P69#1 | Bobby Rush Bobby Lee Rush ( born November 23 , 1946 ) is an American politician , activist , pastor , and the U.S . Representative for , serving in Congress for more than two decades . A civil rights activist during the 1960s , Rush co-founded the Illinois chapter of the Black Panther Party . Rush was first elected to Congress in 1992 . He has since won consecutive re-elections . His district was originally located principally on the South Side of Chicago , with a population from 2003 to early 2013 that was 65 percent African-American , a higher proportion than any other congressional district in the nation . In 2011 the Illinois General Assembly redistricted this area following the 2010 census . Although still minority-majority , since early 2013 it is 51.3 percent African American , 9.8 percent Latino , and 2 percent Asian . He was re-elected in 2018 . A member of the Democratic Party , Rush is the only politician to have defeated former President of the United States Barack Obama in an election , which he did in the 2000 Democratic primary for Illinoiss 1st congressional district . He is dean of Illinois delegation to the House of Representatives . Early life , education , and activism . Rush was born on November 23 , 1946 , in Albany , Georgia . After his parents separated when Rush was 7 years old , his mother took him and his siblings to Chicago , Illinois , joining the Great Migration of African Americans out of the South in the first part of the 20th century . In 1963 , Rush dropped out of high school before graduating ; he joined the U.S . Army . While stationed in Chicago in 1966 , he joined the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee , which had helped obtain national civil rights legislation passed in 1964 and 1965 . In 1968 , he went AWOL from the Army and co-founded the Illinois chapter of the Black Panthers . He later finished his service , receiving an honorable discharge from the Army . Throughout the 1960s , Rush was involved in the civil rights movement and worked in civil disobedience campaigns in the southern United States . After co-founding the Illinois chapter of the Black Panther Party in 1968 , he served as its defense minister . After Black Panther Fred Hampton was assassinated by the Chicago Police Department and the States Attorney Office in a police raid , Rush said , We needed to arm ourselves , and referred to the police as pigs . Earlier that same year Rush had discussed the philosophy of his membership in the Black Panthers saying , Black people have been on the defensive for all these years . The trend now is not to wait to be attacked . We advocate offensive violence against the power structure . After Hamptons death , Rush became acting chairman of the Illinois Black Panther Party . Rush worked on several non-violent projects that built support for the Black Panthers in African-American communities , such as coordinating a medical clinic which offered sickle-cell anemia testing on an unprecedented scale . Rush was imprisoned for six months in 1972 on a weapons charge , after carrying a pistol into a police station . In 1974 , he left the Black Panthers , who were already in decline . We started glorifying thuggery and drugs , he told People . Rush , a deeply religious born-again Christian , said , I dont repudiate any of my involvement in the Panther party—it was part of my maturing . He is dean of Illinois delegation to the House of Representatives . Formal education . Rush earned his Bachelor of General Studies with honors from Roosevelt University in 1973 , and a Masters degree in political science from University of Illinois at Chicago in 1974 . He completed a degree in theological studies at McCormick Theological Seminary in 1978 . On May 13 , 2017 Rush received an Honorary Doctorate of Humanities , honoris causa , from the Illinois Institute of Technology ( IIT ) for his outstanding contributions to Chicago . Politics . Chicago politics . In 1975 , Rush ran for a seat on the Chicago City Council , the first of several black militants to seek political office , and was defeated by incumbent alderman William Barnett , placing second with 23% of the vote , behind Barnetts 55% and ahead of Larry S . Bullocks 21% . Rushs allies in the black-power movement abandoned the Democrats in the wake of the political turmoil that followed the sudden death in 1987 of Chicagos first black mayor , Harold Washington , and formed their own political party , naming it after the late mayor . Rush infuriated Harold Washington Party leaders by spurning their candidates for local offices and , on occasion , backing white Democrats instead . Rush worked with the regular Democrats and was rewarded with the deputy chairmanship of the state party . Congressional elections . After redistricting in 1992 , Rush decided to run in the newly redrawn Illinois 1st congressional district , which included much of the South Side of Chicago . The district had a high proportion of African-American residents . Rush defeated incumbent U.S . Congressman Charles Hayes and six other candidates in the Democratic primary election in 1992 . He won the general election with 83% of the vote . In the 2000 Democratic primary for the Illinois 1st congressional district , Rush was challenged by young Illinois State Senator Barack Obama . During the primary , Rush said , Barack Obama went to Harvard and became an educated fool . Barack is a person who read about the civil rights protests and thinks he knows all about it . Rush claimed Obama was insufficiently rooted in Chicagos black neighborhoods to represent constituents concerns . For his part , Obama said Rush was a part of a politics that is rooted in the past and said he could build bridges with whites to get things done . But while Obama did well in his own Hyde Park base , he did not get enough support from the surrounding black neighborhoods . Starting with 10% name recognition , Obama eventually gained 30% of the vote , losing by a more than 2-to-1 margin despite winning among white voters . Rush won 61% of the votes overall . Rush won the general election for the district with 88% of the vote . Subsequent Chicago politics . In 1999 , Rush ran for Mayor of Chicago , but lost to incumbent Richard M . Daley , an ethnic Irish American whose father had long controlled the city as mayor . He remained active in city and regional politics . In 2013 , Rush criticized a proposal by Republican U.S . Senator Mark Kirk who suggested that 18,000 members of the Chicago gang Gangster Disciples be arrested . Rush called Kirks approach headline grabbing , and said it was an upper-middle-class , elitist white boy solution to a problem he knows nothing about . A spokesman for Kirk said the Congressman had dealt with the issues for decades . Also in 2013 , Alex Clifford was forced to resign as CEO of Metra commuter rail agency , but soon after he left , a memo was released indirectly accusing Rush of using his political power to steer a $50,000 contract to a Washington-based business group . Endorsements . In the 2015 Chicago mayoral election , Rush endorsed Mayor Rahm Emanuel in Emanuels run-off reelection campaign against Jesus Chuy Garcia . In the 2019 Chicago mayoral election , Rush endorsed Bill Daley in the first-round , and Toni Preckwinkle in the runoff . Though a very close friend to former President Bill Clinton and his wife , politician Hillary Clinton , Rush announced early on in the 2008 Democratic primaries that he would support Barack Obama . After Obama won the Presidency and vacated his Senate seat , Rush proposed that an African American should be appointed to fill that seat . During a press conference , Rush said , With the resignation of President-elect Obama , we now have no African-Americans in the United States Senate , and we believe it will be a national disgrace to not have this seat filled by one of the many capable African-American Illinois politicians . Rush said he did not support any particular person , and he was not interested in the seat . On December 30 , 2008 , Governor Rod Blagojevich announced his appointment of Roland Burris , the former Attorney General of Illinois ; Rush was present at the press conference and spoke in support of Burris . Rush endorsed Kamala Harris in the 2020 Democratic presidential primary . After she dropped out , he endorsed Michael Bloomberg and became his campaigns national co-chair . U.S . House of Representatives . Rush has been considered a loyal Democrat during his tenure ; in the 110th Congress , he voted with his party 97.8% of the time . Rush is a member of the Congressional Black Caucus and the House Baltic Caucus . Issues . - Fiscal Rush initiated the Chicago Partnership for the Earned Income Tax Credit , an ongoing program designed to help low-income working Chicago resident to receive the Earned Income Tax Credit , a federal income tax credits . - Healthcare Rush sponsored the Nursing Relief for Disadvantaged Areas Act passed in 1999 . The law temporarily addressed the nursing shortage by providing non-immigrant visas for qualified foreign nurses in the Englewood neighborhood of Chicago and was reauthorized in 2005 . Rush sponsored the Melanie Blocker-Stokes Postpartum Depression Research and Care Act , named for Melanie Blocker-Stokes , a Chicago native who jumped to her death from a 12th-story window due to postpartum depression . The bill would provide for research on postpartum depression and psychosis and services for individuals suffering from these disorders . The Childrens Health Act , passed in 2000 , incorporated Rushs Urban Asthma Reduction Act of 1999 , amending the Preventive Health and Health Services Block Grant program and including an integrated approach to asthma management . - Energy Rush was very outspoken against the GOPs No More Solyndras Bill , which would override a loan guarantee by the Energy Department to encourage research and development . The Energy Department provided a federal loan guarantee to the solar manufacturing company Solyndra to help with R&D . He said the No More Solyndras Bill would be better named as the No More Innovation Bill . - Firearms Rush introduced the Blair Holts Firearm Licensing and Record of Sale Act of 2009 on January 6 , 2009 . The bill would require all owners of handguns and semiautomatic firearms to register for a federal firearms license . All sales of the subject firearms would have to go through a licensed dealer . It would also make it a criminal act not to register as an owner of a firearm . - Darfur genocide On July 15 , 2004 , Rush became the second sitting member of Congress , following Charles Rangel and preceding Joe Hoeffel , to be arrested for trespassing while protesting the genocide in Darfur and other violations of human rights in Sudan in front of the Sudanese Embassy . - Armed forces On February 13 , 2007 , Rush opposed President George W . Bushs proposed 20,000-serviceman troop surge in Iraq . He said the presence of the troops in Iraq was the greatest catalyst of violence in Iraq , and advocated a political resolution of the situation . Rush stated that the troop surge would only serve to make the Iraqi situation more volatile . - Trayvon Martin On March 28 , 2012 , Rush addressed the House while wearing a hoodie in honor of Trayvon Martin , a teenager who was shot in Florida by a local resident . He spoke against racial profiling . As the House forbids its members from wearing headgear , Rush was called out of order and escorted from the chamber . - Israel On September 5 , 2017 , Rush became the sole co-sponsor of H.R . 1697 to withdraw his support of the bill , which would require the United States to side with Israel against a United Nations resolution sanctioning Israel for human rights abuses . In July 2019 , Rush voted against H . Res . 246 - 116th Congress , a House resolution introduced by Congressman Brad Schneider ( D-IL ) opposing efforts to boycott the State of Israel and the Global Boycott , Divestment , and Sanctions Movement targeting Israel . The resolution passed 398–17 . Committee assignments . In the 115th United States Congress ( January 3 , 2017 , to January 3 , 2019 ) : - Committee on Energy and Commerce - Subcommittee on Communications and Technology - Subcommittee on Energy ( Chairman ) Caucus memberships . - Afterschool Caucuses Missed votes . Rushs career average missed vote percentage is 15.7 , which is extremely high compared to the median missed vote percentage of 2.2 for members of the U.S . House of Representatives . However , most of his absences were between 2014 and 2016 and he asserts that serious health problems kept him from D.C . In the first session of the 114th session of Congress ( January 2015 to December 2015 ) , Rush missed 15.6% of the votes and ranked #12 in most missed votes . Rush had the distinction of missing more votes than any other member of the House of Representatives between 2007 and 2015 : out of 6,906 votes , Rush missed 1,549 or 22.4% . Health issues for Rush and his wife were his main explanations for his high number of missed votes . Ethics concerns and conflicts of interest . The Office of Congressional Ethics referred a matter involving Rush to the House Ethics Committee in 2014 . The Office of Congressional Ethics report found he did not pay about $365,000 in rent for longtime use of an office to conduct politics . Rush has paid family members for years in questionable practices . Rush had a family member who for years worked for his church but was paid by a campaign supporter and friend . The Federal Election Commission questioned Rushs campaign over a campaign-finance report that showed thousands of dollars spent on vague categories such as campaign visibility and services rendered . His campaign paid his wife , Carolyn , $50,000 in 2015 for consulting , and his brother , Marlon Rush of Lansing , $13,000 in 2016 for two months work as campaign manager , according to FEC reports . Oxford Media Group Inc. , an Oak Brook company owned by multimillionaire businessman Joseph Stroud , paid the Commonwealth Edison bill — which was well past due , totaling $17,900 for Rushs Beloved Community Christian Church in 2010 . Rush had personally been named in a ComEd lawsuit over the churchs previous unpaid bills . Stroud was trying to break into the wireless phone industry dominated by Verizon and AT&T , and Rush was pushing for federal tax incentives that would give one of Strouds other companies a leg up as a minority-owned business . A nonprofit Rush started got $1 million from the charitable arm of whats now AT&T for what turned out to be a failed effort to create a technology center in Englewood . At the time , the telecom giant was seeking support for legislation in a House committee on which Rush was a key member . From 2001 to 2013 , businesses counting on favorable actions by Rush in Congress donated roughly $1.7 million to Rushs pet charities . Rush attracted more charitable corporate giving than any other Illinois congressman , by a large margin , according to a Sunlight Foundation study of expenditures from 2009 to 2011 . While it is impossible to assign cause and effect , at critical junctures Rush parted with fellow liberal Democrats in Congress to take pro-industry positions aligned with corporate benefactors SBC/AT&T , Comcast and ComEd . Beloved Community Christian Church . Rush is pastor of the Beloved Community Christian Church in the Englewood neighborhood of Chicago . Leaders of other Englewood non-profit organizations complained that the churchs programs — a community development corporation Rebirth of Englewood , a public health center , and a group serving teens convicted of crimes — received an inordinate amount of government aid and weighed heavily on their own efforts for renewal . Unpaid taxes and wage garnishment . In 2013 , Rush and his wife , the Beloved Community Christian Church of which Rush is pastor , and another nonprofit organization operating out of the church had tax delinquencies that added up to $195,000 , and the pattern of tax delinquency was a decade old . Unpaid taxes included property taxes , income taxes , and employee withholding taxes . New City Bank sued Rush and his wife for $500,000 , claiming they failed to pay their property taxes in 2009 . In 1994 , Rush owed the Internal Revenue Service $55,000 in federal income taxes , according to Cook County records . Beginning in 2018 , 15 percent of Rushs congressional salary is being garnished to repay more than $1 million he owes on a delinquent loan for the now-closed church he founded in Chicago . Cook County Circuit Judge Alexander White ordered Rush to repay the $550,000 loan that New City Bank granted him and seven other co-signers in 2005 . With the money , Rush bought the former Our Redeemer Lutheran Church in Chicagos Englewood neighborhood and restyled it as the Beloved Community Church of God in Christ . Personal life . Rush has been married three times . His first marriage , when he was 19 years old , was to Sandra Milan , until their divorce in 1973 . They had two children together . He later married community organizer , precinct captain , and political strategist Carolyn Thomas from 1980 or 1981 until her death from congestive heart failure on March 13 , 2017 . Their blended family had seven surviving children at the time of her death . On June 30 , 2018 he married his third wife , minister and author Paulette Holloway . Rushs son , Huey Rich , was murdered on the South Side of Chicago at age 29 , in October 1999 . He was named after Black Panther co-founder Huey P . Newton . Richs mother was Saundra Rich , who Rush never married . On October 18 , 1999 , Rich was approached outside his apartment building by Leo Foster and Darcell Prince , who falsely claimed to be police officers . They wore bulletproof vests , and carried walkie-talkies , guns , and badges , but Rich didnt believe them and ran . Foster and Prince chased and shot Rich , then stole several hundred dollars and keys from his pockets . He died in hospital four days later from extensive blood loss . Foster told police that he and Prince were coming to collect $110,000 worth of cocaine that Rich had been paid to procure but hadnt delivered . Richs friends didnt believe Fosters story , with some suggesting it may have been a case of mistaken identity . Rush said Rich was involved in positive—as far as I know—endeavors , adding as parents , we dont always know . Foster was sentenced to 60 years in prison for Richs murder , and Prince was sentenced to 50 years . The murder prompted Rush to prioritize efforts to reduce gun violence . In 2008 , Rush had a rare type of malignant tumor removed from his salivary gland . Rush is a member of Iota Phi Theta Fraternity , Inc . According to a DNA analysis conducted under the auspices of the TV program , Know Your Heritage , he is descended mainly from the Ashanti people of Ghana . Rush attributed his election to Congress to Tony Robbins . His heroes include Abraham Lincoln , Kit Carson , and Huey P . Newton . In 2018 , Rushs son Flynn Rush unsuccessfully ran for a seat in the Illinois House of Representatives , losing in the Democratic primary to Curtis Tarver . |
[
""
] | easy | Bobby Rush went to which school from 1994 to 1998? | /wiki/Bobby_Rush#P69#2 | Bobby Rush Bobby Lee Rush ( born November 23 , 1946 ) is an American politician , activist , pastor , and the U.S . Representative for , serving in Congress for more than two decades . A civil rights activist during the 1960s , Rush co-founded the Illinois chapter of the Black Panther Party . Rush was first elected to Congress in 1992 . He has since won consecutive re-elections . His district was originally located principally on the South Side of Chicago , with a population from 2003 to early 2013 that was 65 percent African-American , a higher proportion than any other congressional district in the nation . In 2011 the Illinois General Assembly redistricted this area following the 2010 census . Although still minority-majority , since early 2013 it is 51.3 percent African American , 9.8 percent Latino , and 2 percent Asian . He was re-elected in 2018 . A member of the Democratic Party , Rush is the only politician to have defeated former President of the United States Barack Obama in an election , which he did in the 2000 Democratic primary for Illinoiss 1st congressional district . He is dean of Illinois delegation to the House of Representatives . Early life , education , and activism . Rush was born on November 23 , 1946 , in Albany , Georgia . After his parents separated when Rush was 7 years old , his mother took him and his siblings to Chicago , Illinois , joining the Great Migration of African Americans out of the South in the first part of the 20th century . In 1963 , Rush dropped out of high school before graduating ; he joined the U.S . Army . While stationed in Chicago in 1966 , he joined the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee , which had helped obtain national civil rights legislation passed in 1964 and 1965 . In 1968 , he went AWOL from the Army and co-founded the Illinois chapter of the Black Panthers . He later finished his service , receiving an honorable discharge from the Army . Throughout the 1960s , Rush was involved in the civil rights movement and worked in civil disobedience campaigns in the southern United States . After co-founding the Illinois chapter of the Black Panther Party in 1968 , he served as its defense minister . After Black Panther Fred Hampton was assassinated by the Chicago Police Department and the States Attorney Office in a police raid , Rush said , We needed to arm ourselves , and referred to the police as pigs . Earlier that same year Rush had discussed the philosophy of his membership in the Black Panthers saying , Black people have been on the defensive for all these years . The trend now is not to wait to be attacked . We advocate offensive violence against the power structure . After Hamptons death , Rush became acting chairman of the Illinois Black Panther Party . Rush worked on several non-violent projects that built support for the Black Panthers in African-American communities , such as coordinating a medical clinic which offered sickle-cell anemia testing on an unprecedented scale . Rush was imprisoned for six months in 1972 on a weapons charge , after carrying a pistol into a police station . In 1974 , he left the Black Panthers , who were already in decline . We started glorifying thuggery and drugs , he told People . Rush , a deeply religious born-again Christian , said , I dont repudiate any of my involvement in the Panther party—it was part of my maturing . He is dean of Illinois delegation to the House of Representatives . Formal education . Rush earned his Bachelor of General Studies with honors from Roosevelt University in 1973 , and a Masters degree in political science from University of Illinois at Chicago in 1974 . He completed a degree in theological studies at McCormick Theological Seminary in 1978 . On May 13 , 2017 Rush received an Honorary Doctorate of Humanities , honoris causa , from the Illinois Institute of Technology ( IIT ) for his outstanding contributions to Chicago . Politics . Chicago politics . In 1975 , Rush ran for a seat on the Chicago City Council , the first of several black militants to seek political office , and was defeated by incumbent alderman William Barnett , placing second with 23% of the vote , behind Barnetts 55% and ahead of Larry S . Bullocks 21% . Rushs allies in the black-power movement abandoned the Democrats in the wake of the political turmoil that followed the sudden death in 1987 of Chicagos first black mayor , Harold Washington , and formed their own political party , naming it after the late mayor . Rush infuriated Harold Washington Party leaders by spurning their candidates for local offices and , on occasion , backing white Democrats instead . Rush worked with the regular Democrats and was rewarded with the deputy chairmanship of the state party . Congressional elections . After redistricting in 1992 , Rush decided to run in the newly redrawn Illinois 1st congressional district , which included much of the South Side of Chicago . The district had a high proportion of African-American residents . Rush defeated incumbent U.S . Congressman Charles Hayes and six other candidates in the Democratic primary election in 1992 . He won the general election with 83% of the vote . In the 2000 Democratic primary for the Illinois 1st congressional district , Rush was challenged by young Illinois State Senator Barack Obama . During the primary , Rush said , Barack Obama went to Harvard and became an educated fool . Barack is a person who read about the civil rights protests and thinks he knows all about it . Rush claimed Obama was insufficiently rooted in Chicagos black neighborhoods to represent constituents concerns . For his part , Obama said Rush was a part of a politics that is rooted in the past and said he could build bridges with whites to get things done . But while Obama did well in his own Hyde Park base , he did not get enough support from the surrounding black neighborhoods . Starting with 10% name recognition , Obama eventually gained 30% of the vote , losing by a more than 2-to-1 margin despite winning among white voters . Rush won 61% of the votes overall . Rush won the general election for the district with 88% of the vote . Subsequent Chicago politics . In 1999 , Rush ran for Mayor of Chicago , but lost to incumbent Richard M . Daley , an ethnic Irish American whose father had long controlled the city as mayor . He remained active in city and regional politics . In 2013 , Rush criticized a proposal by Republican U.S . Senator Mark Kirk who suggested that 18,000 members of the Chicago gang Gangster Disciples be arrested . Rush called Kirks approach headline grabbing , and said it was an upper-middle-class , elitist white boy solution to a problem he knows nothing about . A spokesman for Kirk said the Congressman had dealt with the issues for decades . Also in 2013 , Alex Clifford was forced to resign as CEO of Metra commuter rail agency , but soon after he left , a memo was released indirectly accusing Rush of using his political power to steer a $50,000 contract to a Washington-based business group . Endorsements . In the 2015 Chicago mayoral election , Rush endorsed Mayor Rahm Emanuel in Emanuels run-off reelection campaign against Jesus Chuy Garcia . In the 2019 Chicago mayoral election , Rush endorsed Bill Daley in the first-round , and Toni Preckwinkle in the runoff . Though a very close friend to former President Bill Clinton and his wife , politician Hillary Clinton , Rush announced early on in the 2008 Democratic primaries that he would support Barack Obama . After Obama won the Presidency and vacated his Senate seat , Rush proposed that an African American should be appointed to fill that seat . During a press conference , Rush said , With the resignation of President-elect Obama , we now have no African-Americans in the United States Senate , and we believe it will be a national disgrace to not have this seat filled by one of the many capable African-American Illinois politicians . Rush said he did not support any particular person , and he was not interested in the seat . On December 30 , 2008 , Governor Rod Blagojevich announced his appointment of Roland Burris , the former Attorney General of Illinois ; Rush was present at the press conference and spoke in support of Burris . Rush endorsed Kamala Harris in the 2020 Democratic presidential primary . After she dropped out , he endorsed Michael Bloomberg and became his campaigns national co-chair . U.S . House of Representatives . Rush has been considered a loyal Democrat during his tenure ; in the 110th Congress , he voted with his party 97.8% of the time . Rush is a member of the Congressional Black Caucus and the House Baltic Caucus . Issues . - Fiscal Rush initiated the Chicago Partnership for the Earned Income Tax Credit , an ongoing program designed to help low-income working Chicago resident to receive the Earned Income Tax Credit , a federal income tax credits . - Healthcare Rush sponsored the Nursing Relief for Disadvantaged Areas Act passed in 1999 . The law temporarily addressed the nursing shortage by providing non-immigrant visas for qualified foreign nurses in the Englewood neighborhood of Chicago and was reauthorized in 2005 . Rush sponsored the Melanie Blocker-Stokes Postpartum Depression Research and Care Act , named for Melanie Blocker-Stokes , a Chicago native who jumped to her death from a 12th-story window due to postpartum depression . The bill would provide for research on postpartum depression and psychosis and services for individuals suffering from these disorders . The Childrens Health Act , passed in 2000 , incorporated Rushs Urban Asthma Reduction Act of 1999 , amending the Preventive Health and Health Services Block Grant program and including an integrated approach to asthma management . - Energy Rush was very outspoken against the GOPs No More Solyndras Bill , which would override a loan guarantee by the Energy Department to encourage research and development . The Energy Department provided a federal loan guarantee to the solar manufacturing company Solyndra to help with R&D . He said the No More Solyndras Bill would be better named as the No More Innovation Bill . - Firearms Rush introduced the Blair Holts Firearm Licensing and Record of Sale Act of 2009 on January 6 , 2009 . The bill would require all owners of handguns and semiautomatic firearms to register for a federal firearms license . All sales of the subject firearms would have to go through a licensed dealer . It would also make it a criminal act not to register as an owner of a firearm . - Darfur genocide On July 15 , 2004 , Rush became the second sitting member of Congress , following Charles Rangel and preceding Joe Hoeffel , to be arrested for trespassing while protesting the genocide in Darfur and other violations of human rights in Sudan in front of the Sudanese Embassy . - Armed forces On February 13 , 2007 , Rush opposed President George W . Bushs proposed 20,000-serviceman troop surge in Iraq . He said the presence of the troops in Iraq was the greatest catalyst of violence in Iraq , and advocated a political resolution of the situation . Rush stated that the troop surge would only serve to make the Iraqi situation more volatile . - Trayvon Martin On March 28 , 2012 , Rush addressed the House while wearing a hoodie in honor of Trayvon Martin , a teenager who was shot in Florida by a local resident . He spoke against racial profiling . As the House forbids its members from wearing headgear , Rush was called out of order and escorted from the chamber . - Israel On September 5 , 2017 , Rush became the sole co-sponsor of H.R . 1697 to withdraw his support of the bill , which would require the United States to side with Israel against a United Nations resolution sanctioning Israel for human rights abuses . In July 2019 , Rush voted against H . Res . 246 - 116th Congress , a House resolution introduced by Congressman Brad Schneider ( D-IL ) opposing efforts to boycott the State of Israel and the Global Boycott , Divestment , and Sanctions Movement targeting Israel . The resolution passed 398–17 . Committee assignments . In the 115th United States Congress ( January 3 , 2017 , to January 3 , 2019 ) : - Committee on Energy and Commerce - Subcommittee on Communications and Technology - Subcommittee on Energy ( Chairman ) Caucus memberships . - Afterschool Caucuses Missed votes . Rushs career average missed vote percentage is 15.7 , which is extremely high compared to the median missed vote percentage of 2.2 for members of the U.S . House of Representatives . However , most of his absences were between 2014 and 2016 and he asserts that serious health problems kept him from D.C . In the first session of the 114th session of Congress ( January 2015 to December 2015 ) , Rush missed 15.6% of the votes and ranked #12 in most missed votes . Rush had the distinction of missing more votes than any other member of the House of Representatives between 2007 and 2015 : out of 6,906 votes , Rush missed 1,549 or 22.4% . Health issues for Rush and his wife were his main explanations for his high number of missed votes . Ethics concerns and conflicts of interest . The Office of Congressional Ethics referred a matter involving Rush to the House Ethics Committee in 2014 . The Office of Congressional Ethics report found he did not pay about $365,000 in rent for longtime use of an office to conduct politics . Rush has paid family members for years in questionable practices . Rush had a family member who for years worked for his church but was paid by a campaign supporter and friend . The Federal Election Commission questioned Rushs campaign over a campaign-finance report that showed thousands of dollars spent on vague categories such as campaign visibility and services rendered . His campaign paid his wife , Carolyn , $50,000 in 2015 for consulting , and his brother , Marlon Rush of Lansing , $13,000 in 2016 for two months work as campaign manager , according to FEC reports . Oxford Media Group Inc. , an Oak Brook company owned by multimillionaire businessman Joseph Stroud , paid the Commonwealth Edison bill — which was well past due , totaling $17,900 for Rushs Beloved Community Christian Church in 2010 . Rush had personally been named in a ComEd lawsuit over the churchs previous unpaid bills . Stroud was trying to break into the wireless phone industry dominated by Verizon and AT&T , and Rush was pushing for federal tax incentives that would give one of Strouds other companies a leg up as a minority-owned business . A nonprofit Rush started got $1 million from the charitable arm of whats now AT&T for what turned out to be a failed effort to create a technology center in Englewood . At the time , the telecom giant was seeking support for legislation in a House committee on which Rush was a key member . From 2001 to 2013 , businesses counting on favorable actions by Rush in Congress donated roughly $1.7 million to Rushs pet charities . Rush attracted more charitable corporate giving than any other Illinois congressman , by a large margin , according to a Sunlight Foundation study of expenditures from 2009 to 2011 . While it is impossible to assign cause and effect , at critical junctures Rush parted with fellow liberal Democrats in Congress to take pro-industry positions aligned with corporate benefactors SBC/AT&T , Comcast and ComEd . Beloved Community Christian Church . Rush is pastor of the Beloved Community Christian Church in the Englewood neighborhood of Chicago . Leaders of other Englewood non-profit organizations complained that the churchs programs — a community development corporation Rebirth of Englewood , a public health center , and a group serving teens convicted of crimes — received an inordinate amount of government aid and weighed heavily on their own efforts for renewal . Unpaid taxes and wage garnishment . In 2013 , Rush and his wife , the Beloved Community Christian Church of which Rush is pastor , and another nonprofit organization operating out of the church had tax delinquencies that added up to $195,000 , and the pattern of tax delinquency was a decade old . Unpaid taxes included property taxes , income taxes , and employee withholding taxes . New City Bank sued Rush and his wife for $500,000 , claiming they failed to pay their property taxes in 2009 . In 1994 , Rush owed the Internal Revenue Service $55,000 in federal income taxes , according to Cook County records . Beginning in 2018 , 15 percent of Rushs congressional salary is being garnished to repay more than $1 million he owes on a delinquent loan for the now-closed church he founded in Chicago . Cook County Circuit Judge Alexander White ordered Rush to repay the $550,000 loan that New City Bank granted him and seven other co-signers in 2005 . With the money , Rush bought the former Our Redeemer Lutheran Church in Chicagos Englewood neighborhood and restyled it as the Beloved Community Church of God in Christ . Personal life . Rush has been married three times . His first marriage , when he was 19 years old , was to Sandra Milan , until their divorce in 1973 . They had two children together . He later married community organizer , precinct captain , and political strategist Carolyn Thomas from 1980 or 1981 until her death from congestive heart failure on March 13 , 2017 . Their blended family had seven surviving children at the time of her death . On June 30 , 2018 he married his third wife , minister and author Paulette Holloway . Rushs son , Huey Rich , was murdered on the South Side of Chicago at age 29 , in October 1999 . He was named after Black Panther co-founder Huey P . Newton . Richs mother was Saundra Rich , who Rush never married . On October 18 , 1999 , Rich was approached outside his apartment building by Leo Foster and Darcell Prince , who falsely claimed to be police officers . They wore bulletproof vests , and carried walkie-talkies , guns , and badges , but Rich didnt believe them and ran . Foster and Prince chased and shot Rich , then stole several hundred dollars and keys from his pockets . He died in hospital four days later from extensive blood loss . Foster told police that he and Prince were coming to collect $110,000 worth of cocaine that Rich had been paid to procure but hadnt delivered . Richs friends didnt believe Fosters story , with some suggesting it may have been a case of mistaken identity . Rush said Rich was involved in positive—as far as I know—endeavors , adding as parents , we dont always know . Foster was sentenced to 60 years in prison for Richs murder , and Prince was sentenced to 50 years . The murder prompted Rush to prioritize efforts to reduce gun violence . In 2008 , Rush had a rare type of malignant tumor removed from his salivary gland . Rush is a member of Iota Phi Theta Fraternity , Inc . According to a DNA analysis conducted under the auspices of the TV program , Know Your Heritage , he is descended mainly from the Ashanti people of Ghana . Rush attributed his election to Congress to Tony Robbins . His heroes include Abraham Lincoln , Kit Carson , and Huey P . Newton . In 2018 , Rushs son Flynn Rush unsuccessfully ran for a seat in the Illinois House of Representatives , losing in the Democratic primary to Curtis Tarver . |
[
"Racing Club"
] | easy | Which team did Luciano Vietto play for from 2011 to 2014? | /wiki/Luciano_Vietto#P54#0 | Luciano Vietto Luciano Darío Vietto ( ; born 5 December 1993 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays for Saudi Pro League side Al Hilal . Club career . Early career . Vietto was born in the small town of Balnearia in the Province of Córdoba . He joined his local team Independiente de Balnearia at the age of seven . At the age of 15 , Vietto joined Argentine Primera División club Estudiantes , but was released two years later . He subsequently moved to Racing Clubs youth academy , after a failed trial at Rosario Central . Racing Club . In 2011 Vietto signed his first professional contract , and was called up to the main squad by manager Diego Simeone on 25 October . He made his professional debut on a day later , coming on as a late substitute in a 1–1 home draw against Lanús . Vietto was handed his first start on 3 September 2012 , scoring his first professional goals ( and his first hat-trick ) in a 3–1 home success over San Martín de San Juan . He became a regular starter under Luis Zubeldía and contributed with 13 goals during the campaign , as his side only finished fifth . Vietto signed a four-year contract extension with Racing on 26 March 2013 . Vietto appeared in 35 matches in 2013–14 , scoring five times . Highlights included a brace in a 3–1 away win against Gimansia La Plata on 2 November 2013 . Villarreal . On 4 August 2014 , Vietto signed a five-year deal with La Liga side Villarreal CF , for a rumoured €5.5 million fee . He made his debut for the club on the 21st , coming on as a second-half substitute for Ikechukwu Uche in a 3–0 Europa League play-off victory over Astana , before scoring twice in the return leg at home . Vietto made his La Liga debut on 24 August , replacing Giovani dos Santos for the last 10 minutes of a 2–0 away win against Valencian rivals Levante UD . On 21 September he scored his first goals in the competition , netting a brace in a 4–2 home win over Rayo Vallecano . Vietto added another double on 21 December , in a 3–0 win against the Deportivo de La Coruña also at the Estadio El Madrigal . He finished the month with three goals , with his side moving to sixth position , and earning him the honour of La Liga Player of the Month . Atlético Madrid . On 22 June 2015 , Villarreal confirmed Vietto had joined Atlético Madrid for a fee reported to be in the region of €20 million . Vietto scored his first goal for Atlético on 4 October 2015 as he tapped in a cross from Jackson Martínez to equalize against archrivals Real Madrid in a league match that eventually ended 1–1 . Sevilla ( loan ) . On 30 July 2016 , Atlético Madrid and Sevilla reached an agreement for the loan of Vietto with an option to buy . Valencia ( loan ) . On 4 January 2018 , Vietto signed a loan deal with Valencia for the remainder of the season with an option to buy in the summer . Vietto made his debut against Girona coming on as a sub . In a Copa Del Rey fixture against Las Palmas , Vietto scored his first ever hat-trick in Spain . Fulham ( loan ) . On 9 August 2018 , Vietto joined English Premier League club Fulham on a season-long loan . He scored first goal and only for the club against Brighton in 4–2 win at Craven Cottage . Sporting CP . On 14 May 2019 , Portuguese club Sporting CP announced they have reached a deal with Atlético Madrid for Vietto worth approximately €7.5 million , effective on 1 July 2019 . On 23 September 2019 , Vietto scored his first goal for Sporting , the opener of an eventual 1-2 defeat against Famalicão . Al-Hilal . On 25 October 2020 , Saudi club Al Hilal SFC announced they have reached a deal with Sporting CP for Vietto worth approximately €7 million . International career . Youth teams . On 9 January 2013 , Vietto made his international debut for the Argentina national under-20 team against Chile at the years South American Youth Championship . He scored his first goal four days later , but in a 1–2 loss against Paraguay , and finished the tournament with two goals in four games . Personal life . Vietto is the brother of the footballer Federico Vietto . Honours . Club . Atlético Madrid - UEFA Champions League runner-up : 2015–16 Al Hilal - Saudi Professional League : 2020–21 - King Cup : 2019–20 Individual . - La Liga Player of the Month : December 2014 - UEFA Europa League Top assists : 2014–15 External links . - Luciano Vietto at Topforward |
[
"Villarreal CF"
] | easy | Luciano Vietto played for which team from 2014 to 2015? | /wiki/Luciano_Vietto#P54#1 | Luciano Vietto Luciano Darío Vietto ( ; born 5 December 1993 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays for Saudi Pro League side Al Hilal . Club career . Early career . Vietto was born in the small town of Balnearia in the Province of Córdoba . He joined his local team Independiente de Balnearia at the age of seven . At the age of 15 , Vietto joined Argentine Primera División club Estudiantes , but was released two years later . He subsequently moved to Racing Clubs youth academy , after a failed trial at Rosario Central . Racing Club . In 2011 Vietto signed his first professional contract , and was called up to the main squad by manager Diego Simeone on 25 October . He made his professional debut on a day later , coming on as a late substitute in a 1–1 home draw against Lanús . Vietto was handed his first start on 3 September 2012 , scoring his first professional goals ( and his first hat-trick ) in a 3–1 home success over San Martín de San Juan . He became a regular starter under Luis Zubeldía and contributed with 13 goals during the campaign , as his side only finished fifth . Vietto signed a four-year contract extension with Racing on 26 March 2013 . Vietto appeared in 35 matches in 2013–14 , scoring five times . Highlights included a brace in a 3–1 away win against Gimansia La Plata on 2 November 2013 . Villarreal . On 4 August 2014 , Vietto signed a five-year deal with La Liga side Villarreal CF , for a rumoured €5.5 million fee . He made his debut for the club on the 21st , coming on as a second-half substitute for Ikechukwu Uche in a 3–0 Europa League play-off victory over Astana , before scoring twice in the return leg at home . Vietto made his La Liga debut on 24 August , replacing Giovani dos Santos for the last 10 minutes of a 2–0 away win against Valencian rivals Levante UD . On 21 September he scored his first goals in the competition , netting a brace in a 4–2 home win over Rayo Vallecano . Vietto added another double on 21 December , in a 3–0 win against the Deportivo de La Coruña also at the Estadio El Madrigal . He finished the month with three goals , with his side moving to sixth position , and earning him the honour of La Liga Player of the Month . Atlético Madrid . On 22 June 2015 , Villarreal confirmed Vietto had joined Atlético Madrid for a fee reported to be in the region of €20 million . Vietto scored his first goal for Atlético on 4 October 2015 as he tapped in a cross from Jackson Martínez to equalize against archrivals Real Madrid in a league match that eventually ended 1–1 . Sevilla ( loan ) . On 30 July 2016 , Atlético Madrid and Sevilla reached an agreement for the loan of Vietto with an option to buy . Valencia ( loan ) . On 4 January 2018 , Vietto signed a loan deal with Valencia for the remainder of the season with an option to buy in the summer . Vietto made his debut against Girona coming on as a sub . In a Copa Del Rey fixture against Las Palmas , Vietto scored his first ever hat-trick in Spain . Fulham ( loan ) . On 9 August 2018 , Vietto joined English Premier League club Fulham on a season-long loan . He scored first goal and only for the club against Brighton in 4–2 win at Craven Cottage . Sporting CP . On 14 May 2019 , Portuguese club Sporting CP announced they have reached a deal with Atlético Madrid for Vietto worth approximately €7.5 million , effective on 1 July 2019 . On 23 September 2019 , Vietto scored his first goal for Sporting , the opener of an eventual 1-2 defeat against Famalicão . Al-Hilal . On 25 October 2020 , Saudi club Al Hilal SFC announced they have reached a deal with Sporting CP for Vietto worth approximately €7 million . International career . Youth teams . On 9 January 2013 , Vietto made his international debut for the Argentina national under-20 team against Chile at the years South American Youth Championship . He scored his first goal four days later , but in a 1–2 loss against Paraguay , and finished the tournament with two goals in four games . Personal life . Vietto is the brother of the footballer Federico Vietto . Honours . Club . Atlético Madrid - UEFA Champions League runner-up : 2015–16 Al Hilal - Saudi Professional League : 2020–21 - King Cup : 2019–20 Individual . - La Liga Player of the Month : December 2014 - UEFA Europa League Top assists : 2014–15 External links . - Luciano Vietto at Topforward |
[
"Atlético Madrid"
] | easy | Which team did the player Luciano Vietto belong to from 2015 to 2016? | /wiki/Luciano_Vietto#P54#2 | Luciano Vietto Luciano Darío Vietto ( ; born 5 December 1993 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays for Saudi Pro League side Al Hilal . Club career . Early career . Vietto was born in the small town of Balnearia in the Province of Córdoba . He joined his local team Independiente de Balnearia at the age of seven . At the age of 15 , Vietto joined Argentine Primera División club Estudiantes , but was released two years later . He subsequently moved to Racing Clubs youth academy , after a failed trial at Rosario Central . Racing Club . In 2011 Vietto signed his first professional contract , and was called up to the main squad by manager Diego Simeone on 25 October . He made his professional debut on a day later , coming on as a late substitute in a 1–1 home draw against Lanús . Vietto was handed his first start on 3 September 2012 , scoring his first professional goals ( and his first hat-trick ) in a 3–1 home success over San Martín de San Juan . He became a regular starter under Luis Zubeldía and contributed with 13 goals during the campaign , as his side only finished fifth . Vietto signed a four-year contract extension with Racing on 26 March 2013 . Vietto appeared in 35 matches in 2013–14 , scoring five times . Highlights included a brace in a 3–1 away win against Gimansia La Plata on 2 November 2013 . Villarreal . On 4 August 2014 , Vietto signed a five-year deal with La Liga side Villarreal CF , for a rumoured €5.5 million fee . He made his debut for the club on the 21st , coming on as a second-half substitute for Ikechukwu Uche in a 3–0 Europa League play-off victory over Astana , before scoring twice in the return leg at home . Vietto made his La Liga debut on 24 August , replacing Giovani dos Santos for the last 10 minutes of a 2–0 away win against Valencian rivals Levante UD . On 21 September he scored his first goals in the competition , netting a brace in a 4–2 home win over Rayo Vallecano . Vietto added another double on 21 December , in a 3–0 win against the Deportivo de La Coruña also at the Estadio El Madrigal . He finished the month with three goals , with his side moving to sixth position , and earning him the honour of La Liga Player of the Month . Atlético Madrid . On 22 June 2015 , Villarreal confirmed Vietto had joined Atlético Madrid for a fee reported to be in the region of €20 million . Vietto scored his first goal for Atlético on 4 October 2015 as he tapped in a cross from Jackson Martínez to equalize against archrivals Real Madrid in a league match that eventually ended 1–1 . Sevilla ( loan ) . On 30 July 2016 , Atlético Madrid and Sevilla reached an agreement for the loan of Vietto with an option to buy . Valencia ( loan ) . On 4 January 2018 , Vietto signed a loan deal with Valencia for the remainder of the season with an option to buy in the summer . Vietto made his debut against Girona coming on as a sub . In a Copa Del Rey fixture against Las Palmas , Vietto scored his first ever hat-trick in Spain . Fulham ( loan ) . On 9 August 2018 , Vietto joined English Premier League club Fulham on a season-long loan . He scored first goal and only for the club against Brighton in 4–2 win at Craven Cottage . Sporting CP . On 14 May 2019 , Portuguese club Sporting CP announced they have reached a deal with Atlético Madrid for Vietto worth approximately €7.5 million , effective on 1 July 2019 . On 23 September 2019 , Vietto scored his first goal for Sporting , the opener of an eventual 1-2 defeat against Famalicão . Al-Hilal . On 25 October 2020 , Saudi club Al Hilal SFC announced they have reached a deal with Sporting CP for Vietto worth approximately €7 million . International career . Youth teams . On 9 January 2013 , Vietto made his international debut for the Argentina national under-20 team against Chile at the years South American Youth Championship . He scored his first goal four days later , but in a 1–2 loss against Paraguay , and finished the tournament with two goals in four games . Personal life . Vietto is the brother of the footballer Federico Vietto . Honours . Club . Atlético Madrid - UEFA Champions League runner-up : 2015–16 Al Hilal - Saudi Professional League : 2020–21 - King Cup : 2019–20 Individual . - La Liga Player of the Month : December 2014 - UEFA Europa League Top assists : 2014–15 External links . - Luciano Vietto at Topforward |
[
"Peterborough United"
] | easy | Which team did the player Gareth Jelleyman belong to from 1998 to 2005? | /wiki/Gareth_Jelleyman#P54#0 | Gareth Jelleyman Gareth Jelleyman ( born 14 November 1980 ) is a Welsh footballer who plays as a defender . He has previously played for Peterborough United , Boston United , Mansfield Town , Rushden & Diamonds and Barrow . Jelleyman is a left-sided player who usually plays at left-back , however he has also occasionally been used in midfield . Career . Born in Holywell , Jelleyman began his career as a trainee with Peterborough United in 1998 . He had a short spell on loan at Boston United in 1998 , before breaking into the first team at age 19 during the 1999–00 season , and was called up to the Welsh Under-21 squad for the match against Belarus in September 2000 . In August 2004 , Jelleyman joined Boston United on a one-month loan with a view to a permanent deal , but returned to Peterborough before being released on a free transfer and joining Mansfield Town in January 2005 . In six seasons at Peterborough United , he made 122 appearances in all competitions . Including the 2000 play off final against Darlington on a very wet evening . its fair to say the young man got both heads wet that night . Jelleyman signed a new one-year contract at Mansfield Town in June 2007 with manager Billy Dearden describing him as having ...probably been one of my top three players since I came to the club... . By the end of the 2007–08 season , Jelleyman had made over 140 appearances in all competitions for Mansfield . After Mansfield Town were relegated to the Football Conference at the end of the 2007–08 season , he was out of contract but was offered new terms by the club . In July 2008 , Jelleyman signed for Conference National outfit Rushden & Diamonds until the end of the 2008–09 season . After a loan spell in 2009 at Barrow Jelleyman signed for Conference North team AFC Telford United in July . He made his debut in Telfords Shropshire Senior Cup final victory against Shrewsbury Town , but returned to Barrow in the Conference National on 28 August . He spent the full season with Barrow , but was released in May 2010 . In July , he re-joined Boston United for a third spell at York Street . On 22 February 2013 Jelleyman was released by United . In popular culture . Jelleymans name is homophonic with jelly . The subject of numerous jokes , this most notably appeared on Sky Sports Soccer Saturday , in which presenter Jeff Stelling said : Oh no ! Gareth Jelleymans been sent off at Oxford . Lets hope he hasnt thrown a wobbly. , a vernacular expression for losing your temper which also relates to the consistency of jelly . Stellings April 2009 book discussing his time on Soccer Saturday was entitled Jelleymans thrown a wobbly . External links . - Profile at UpThePosh ! The Peterborough United Database |
[
"Mansfield Town"
] | easy | Gareth Jelleyman played for which team from 2005 to 2008? | /wiki/Gareth_Jelleyman#P54#1 | Gareth Jelleyman Gareth Jelleyman ( born 14 November 1980 ) is a Welsh footballer who plays as a defender . He has previously played for Peterborough United , Boston United , Mansfield Town , Rushden & Diamonds and Barrow . Jelleyman is a left-sided player who usually plays at left-back , however he has also occasionally been used in midfield . Career . Born in Holywell , Jelleyman began his career as a trainee with Peterborough United in 1998 . He had a short spell on loan at Boston United in 1998 , before breaking into the first team at age 19 during the 1999–00 season , and was called up to the Welsh Under-21 squad for the match against Belarus in September 2000 . In August 2004 , Jelleyman joined Boston United on a one-month loan with a view to a permanent deal , but returned to Peterborough before being released on a free transfer and joining Mansfield Town in January 2005 . In six seasons at Peterborough United , he made 122 appearances in all competitions . Including the 2000 play off final against Darlington on a very wet evening . its fair to say the young man got both heads wet that night . Jelleyman signed a new one-year contract at Mansfield Town in June 2007 with manager Billy Dearden describing him as having ...probably been one of my top three players since I came to the club... . By the end of the 2007–08 season , Jelleyman had made over 140 appearances in all competitions for Mansfield . After Mansfield Town were relegated to the Football Conference at the end of the 2007–08 season , he was out of contract but was offered new terms by the club . In July 2008 , Jelleyman signed for Conference National outfit Rushden & Diamonds until the end of the 2008–09 season . After a loan spell in 2009 at Barrow Jelleyman signed for Conference North team AFC Telford United in July . He made his debut in Telfords Shropshire Senior Cup final victory against Shrewsbury Town , but returned to Barrow in the Conference National on 28 August . He spent the full season with Barrow , but was released in May 2010 . In July , he re-joined Boston United for a third spell at York Street . On 22 February 2013 Jelleyman was released by United . In popular culture . Jelleymans name is homophonic with jelly . The subject of numerous jokes , this most notably appeared on Sky Sports Soccer Saturday , in which presenter Jeff Stelling said : Oh no ! Gareth Jelleymans been sent off at Oxford . Lets hope he hasnt thrown a wobbly. , a vernacular expression for losing your temper which also relates to the consistency of jelly . Stellings April 2009 book discussing his time on Soccer Saturday was entitled Jelleymans thrown a wobbly . External links . - Profile at UpThePosh ! The Peterborough United Database |
[
"Rushden & Diamonds"
] | easy | Gareth Jelleyman played for which team from 2008 to 2009? | /wiki/Gareth_Jelleyman#P54#2 | Gareth Jelleyman Gareth Jelleyman ( born 14 November 1980 ) is a Welsh footballer who plays as a defender . He has previously played for Peterborough United , Boston United , Mansfield Town , Rushden & Diamonds and Barrow . Jelleyman is a left-sided player who usually plays at left-back , however he has also occasionally been used in midfield . Career . Born in Holywell , Jelleyman began his career as a trainee with Peterborough United in 1998 . He had a short spell on loan at Boston United in 1998 , before breaking into the first team at age 19 during the 1999–00 season , and was called up to the Welsh Under-21 squad for the match against Belarus in September 2000 . In August 2004 , Jelleyman joined Boston United on a one-month loan with a view to a permanent deal , but returned to Peterborough before being released on a free transfer and joining Mansfield Town in January 2005 . In six seasons at Peterborough United , he made 122 appearances in all competitions . Including the 2000 play off final against Darlington on a very wet evening . its fair to say the young man got both heads wet that night . Jelleyman signed a new one-year contract at Mansfield Town in June 2007 with manager Billy Dearden describing him as having ...probably been one of my top three players since I came to the club... . By the end of the 2007–08 season , Jelleyman had made over 140 appearances in all competitions for Mansfield . After Mansfield Town were relegated to the Football Conference at the end of the 2007–08 season , he was out of contract but was offered new terms by the club . In July 2008 , Jelleyman signed for Conference National outfit Rushden & Diamonds until the end of the 2008–09 season . After a loan spell in 2009 at Barrow Jelleyman signed for Conference North team AFC Telford United in July . He made his debut in Telfords Shropshire Senior Cup final victory against Shrewsbury Town , but returned to Barrow in the Conference National on 28 August . He spent the full season with Barrow , but was released in May 2010 . In July , he re-joined Boston United for a third spell at York Street . On 22 February 2013 Jelleyman was released by United . In popular culture . Jelleymans name is homophonic with jelly . The subject of numerous jokes , this most notably appeared on Sky Sports Soccer Saturday , in which presenter Jeff Stelling said : Oh no ! Gareth Jelleymans been sent off at Oxford . Lets hope he hasnt thrown a wobbly. , a vernacular expression for losing your temper which also relates to the consistency of jelly . Stellings April 2009 book discussing his time on Soccer Saturday was entitled Jelleymans thrown a wobbly . External links . - Profile at UpThePosh ! The Peterborough United Database |
[
"Barrow"
] | easy | Which team did the player Gareth Jelleyman belong to from 2009 to 2010? | /wiki/Gareth_Jelleyman#P54#3 | Gareth Jelleyman Gareth Jelleyman ( born 14 November 1980 ) is a Welsh footballer who plays as a defender . He has previously played for Peterborough United , Boston United , Mansfield Town , Rushden & Diamonds and Barrow . Jelleyman is a left-sided player who usually plays at left-back , however he has also occasionally been used in midfield . Career . Born in Holywell , Jelleyman began his career as a trainee with Peterborough United in 1998 . He had a short spell on loan at Boston United in 1998 , before breaking into the first team at age 19 during the 1999–00 season , and was called up to the Welsh Under-21 squad for the match against Belarus in September 2000 . In August 2004 , Jelleyman joined Boston United on a one-month loan with a view to a permanent deal , but returned to Peterborough before being released on a free transfer and joining Mansfield Town in January 2005 . In six seasons at Peterborough United , he made 122 appearances in all competitions . Including the 2000 play off final against Darlington on a very wet evening . its fair to say the young man got both heads wet that night . Jelleyman signed a new one-year contract at Mansfield Town in June 2007 with manager Billy Dearden describing him as having ...probably been one of my top three players since I came to the club... . By the end of the 2007–08 season , Jelleyman had made over 140 appearances in all competitions for Mansfield . After Mansfield Town were relegated to the Football Conference at the end of the 2007–08 season , he was out of contract but was offered new terms by the club . In July 2008 , Jelleyman signed for Conference National outfit Rushden & Diamonds until the end of the 2008–09 season . After a loan spell in 2009 at Barrow Jelleyman signed for Conference North team AFC Telford United in July . He made his debut in Telfords Shropshire Senior Cup final victory against Shrewsbury Town , but returned to Barrow in the Conference National on 28 August . He spent the full season with Barrow , but was released in May 2010 . In July , he re-joined Boston United for a third spell at York Street . On 22 February 2013 Jelleyman was released by United . In popular culture . Jelleymans name is homophonic with jelly . The subject of numerous jokes , this most notably appeared on Sky Sports Soccer Saturday , in which presenter Jeff Stelling said : Oh no ! Gareth Jelleymans been sent off at Oxford . Lets hope he hasnt thrown a wobbly. , a vernacular expression for losing your temper which also relates to the consistency of jelly . Stellings April 2009 book discussing his time on Soccer Saturday was entitled Jelleymans thrown a wobbly . External links . - Profile at UpThePosh ! The Peterborough United Database |
[
""
] | easy | Which team did the player Gareth Jelleyman belong to from 2013 to 2014? | /wiki/Gareth_Jelleyman#P54#4 | Gareth Jelleyman Gareth Jelleyman ( born 14 November 1980 ) is a Welsh footballer who plays as a defender . He has previously played for Peterborough United , Boston United , Mansfield Town , Rushden & Diamonds and Barrow . Jelleyman is a left-sided player who usually plays at left-back , however he has also occasionally been used in midfield . Career . Born in Holywell , Jelleyman began his career as a trainee with Peterborough United in 1998 . He had a short spell on loan at Boston United in 1998 , before breaking into the first team at age 19 during the 1999–00 season , and was called up to the Welsh Under-21 squad for the match against Belarus in September 2000 . In August 2004 , Jelleyman joined Boston United on a one-month loan with a view to a permanent deal , but returned to Peterborough before being released on a free transfer and joining Mansfield Town in January 2005 . In six seasons at Peterborough United , he made 122 appearances in all competitions . Including the 2000 play off final against Darlington on a very wet evening . its fair to say the young man got both heads wet that night . Jelleyman signed a new one-year contract at Mansfield Town in June 2007 with manager Billy Dearden describing him as having ...probably been one of my top three players since I came to the club... . By the end of the 2007–08 season , Jelleyman had made over 140 appearances in all competitions for Mansfield . After Mansfield Town were relegated to the Football Conference at the end of the 2007–08 season , he was out of contract but was offered new terms by the club . In July 2008 , Jelleyman signed for Conference National outfit Rushden & Diamonds until the end of the 2008–09 season . After a loan spell in 2009 at Barrow Jelleyman signed for Conference North team AFC Telford United in July . He made his debut in Telfords Shropshire Senior Cup final victory against Shrewsbury Town , but returned to Barrow in the Conference National on 28 August . He spent the full season with Barrow , but was released in May 2010 . In July , he re-joined Boston United for a third spell at York Street . On 22 February 2013 Jelleyman was released by United . In popular culture . Jelleymans name is homophonic with jelly . The subject of numerous jokes , this most notably appeared on Sky Sports Soccer Saturday , in which presenter Jeff Stelling said : Oh no ! Gareth Jelleymans been sent off at Oxford . Lets hope he hasnt thrown a wobbly. , a vernacular expression for losing your temper which also relates to the consistency of jelly . Stellings April 2009 book discussing his time on Soccer Saturday was entitled Jelleymans thrown a wobbly . External links . - Profile at UpThePosh ! The Peterborough United Database |
[
"Georgetown University Law Center",
"St . Anthony High School"
] | easy | Which school did Dan Lungren go to from 1963 to 1964? | /wiki/Dan_Lungren#P69#0 | Dan Lungren Daniel Edward Lungren ( born September 22 , 1946 ) is an American politician who served as the U.S . Representative for from 2005 to 2013 . A member of the Republican Party , during his tenure , the district covered most of Sacramento County , portions of Solano County , as well as all of Alpine County , Amador County and Calaveras County . Lungren previously represented the Long Beach area in Congress from 1979 to 1989 and served as the 29th Attorney General of California from 1991 to 1999 . He was the Republican nominee for Governor of California in 1998 , losing to Democrat Gray Davis . As of 2020 , he was the last Republican to serve as California Attorney General . In Congress , he was a member of the Republican Study Committee . Early life , education and private career . Dan Lungren was born in Long Beach , California , of Irish , Swedish and Scottish descent . From 1952 , Lungrens father , John , was the personal physician to and a close friend of former President Richard Nixon . Lungren graduated from St . Anthony High School in 1964 and matriculated to the University of Notre Dame , where he earned an A.B . degree with honors in English in 1968 . He returned to California to chair Youth for Nixon during Nixons first successful run for the presidency . Lungren began his legal studies at the University of Southern California Law School but transferred to Georgetown University Law Center , where he earned his J.D . degree in 1971 . During his years at Georgetown , Lungren worked for U.S . Senators George Murphy ( R-California ) and Bill Brock ( R-Tennessee ) . From 1971 to 1972 , he was Special Assistant to the co-chair of the Republican National Committee ( RNC ) ; Lungrens wife , Bobbi , worked in the Nixon White House at the time . When Lungren returned to Long Beach , he joined a law firm and practiced civil law for a short time before running unsuccessfully for Congress in 1976 . He was successful in 1978 . U.S . House of Representatives ( 1979–1989 ) . Lungren first served in the House of Representatives from 1979 to 1989 , representing portions of Long Beach and Orange County . Radley Balko wrote in 2012 : Lungren rose in stature with the election of Ronald Reagan in 1980 , and quickly became a darling of the tough-on-crime crowd and the rising moral majority movement . He was one of Newt Gingrichs chief lieutenants during this time ; he was a founding member of the Conservative Opportunity Society . He served on the House Judiciary Committee , where he pushed for tough on crime legislation . In 1984 , Lungren sponsored the Comprehensive Crime Control Act , at the time one of the most sweeping pieces of anti-crime legislation in U.S . history . In addition , he supported asset forfeiture as a weapon in the War on Drugs , saying he wanted to [ m ] ake it illegal for a dry cleaner or a grocery store to take money from a drug dealer ( ... ) and if they do , seize the business . Put the merchant in jail . Lungren also supported sanctions against employers who hired illegal immigrants , but also favored a temporary guest-worker program . He was the principal House cosponsor of the Simpson-Mazzoli immigration bill , which became the Immigration Reform Act of 1986 . He also independently sponsored a guest worker bill , designed to allow for importation of temporary immigrant laborers . California statewide offices . Lungren did not seek reelection to the U.S . House when California Governor George Deukmejian appointed him as the states acting state treasurer , but he was never confirmed . Lungren was later elected as Attorney General of California in 1990 ; he served two terms from 1991 to 1999 . Shortly after becoming California Attorney General , Lungren , a staunch supporter of capital punishment , presided over Californias first execution in over twenty years . During his tenure in the office , he helped pass legislation such as Megans Law , 3-Strikes-and-Youre-Out , Sexual Anti-Predator Act and the Californias Safe Schools Plan . He also sponsored a law allowing minors as young as 14 who are accused of murder to be tried as adults and led a national effort to limit lawsuits filed by prisoners , which produced the federal Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1996 . His 1993 letter to five major video game publishers and seven major video game retailers , asking them to stop the manufacturing , licensing , distribution , or sale of any video game that portrays graphic and gratuitous violence , was called the strongest anti-violence statement yet from a top government official by the gaming press , even with Lungrens accompanying statement that he was strictly making an appeal to the companies sense of civic responsibility and not calling for any form of government censorship . In 1996 , he was considered as a possible vice presidential candidate to run with Republican nominee Bob Dole . That same year , Lungren vigorously opposed Proposition 215 , which legalized medical marijuana in California . In 1998 Lungren ran as the Republican candidate for the governorship against Democratic Lieutenant Governor Gray Davis . Davis received 57.9% of the votes , while Lungren got 38.4% . During the campaign , Davis maintained that Lungren , who presented himself as the political heir to former California Governor and U.S . President Ronald Reagan , was too conservative for California . Davis also criticized Lungrens hesitancy , as California Attorney General , to enforce laws restricting assault weapons and his waiting until the last minute to become part of a class action lawsuit against the cigarette industry . U.S . House of Representatives ( 2005–2013 ) . Lungren was elected to Californias 3rd congressional district in 2004 , which included several rural and exburban areas east of Sacramento . He had moved to Gold River , a Sacramento suburb , in the 1990s . Lungren was reappointed to the Judiciary Committee based on his previous five terms of seniority ; he also served on the Homeland Security Committee . In 2005 , Lungren supported the USA PATRIOT Act , which renewed the federal governments ability to perform secret surveillance including wiretaps of citizens and monitoring of public and private computer packet-switched networks to prevent terrorism from hitting the United States . In 2006 , Lungren and fellow U.S . Representative Jane Harman authored the SAFE Port Act , which improves security at the ports including additional requirements for maritime facilities , foreign port assessments , container security initiatives and Customs Trade Partnership against Terrorism . The bill passed the House with bipartisan support . Also in 2006 , he sponsored the Streamlined Procedures Act which would strip federal courts of the power to review habeas corpus petitions in state death penalty cases . In 2007 , Lungren was appointed to the House Administration Committee . Lungren has stated that he opposes any bill brought to the floor of the House that includes an amnesty provision that confers citizenship status . He cites his concern as the millions of legal immigrants who wait years in order to obtain permanent residence and citizenship . Lungren has been an opponent of the huge growth of spending earmarks . Described as a maverick , he cited the need for the party to adopt more fiscally conservative policies . On July 29 , 2008 , the House of Representatives passed H.R . 6295 , introduced by Lungren . This legislation is to stop the use of submersible and semi-submersible vessels used to transport drugs and other contrabands , which pose a threat to communities and national security . Shortly after the 2008 election , a newly reelected Lungren challenged John Boehner for House Minority Leader . Although Lungren did not win the post , Boehner appointed him as Ranking Member of the House Administration Committee . To serve on this new role , he left his spot with the Budget Committee . He became Chairman of the House Administration Committee when Republicans took control of the House in January 2011 . The Cook Political Report by the National Journal named Lungren the Republican most vulnerable to redistricting in 2012 . Lungren lost his reelection bid for Californias 7th congressional district , reapportioned after the 2010 United States Census , in the November 2012 election , which was called by the Associated Press on November 15 , 2012 in favor of the Democratic challenger , Ami Bera , by a margin of 5,700 votes – 51.1% to 48.9% . Committee assignments . - Committee on House Administration ( Chairman ) - Committee on the Judiciary - Subcommittee on Crime , Terrorism , and Homeland Security - Subcommittee on Immigration Policy and Enforcement - Task Force on Judicial Impeachment - Committee on Homeland Security - Subcommittee on Transportation Security - Subcommittee on Cybersecurity , Infrastructure Protection , and Security Technologies ( Chairman ) - Joint Committee on Printing - Joint Committee on the Library - Republican Study Committee Political campaigns . 2004 . Lungren ran for Congress again in the 3rd congressional district after six-year incumbent U.S . Representative Doug Ose announced his retirement . Lungren has stated that his desire to serve in Congress again was rekindled by the September 11 attacks . He won a come from behind victory in a three-way primary against Mary Ose and State Senator Rico Oller in 2004 . 2010 . Lungren was challenged by Democratic nominee Ami Bera , a physician by occupation , American Independent Jerry Leidecker , Peace and Freedom nominee Mike Roskey and Libertarian Douglas Art Tuma . Lungren was reelected with 50.6% of the vote , with Bera accumulating 42.7% and 6.7% to other candidates . 2012 . After the 2010 U.S . Census , Lungrens district was renumbered as the 7th district . It lost all of its territory outside Sacramento County and had a more evenly divided registration of Republicans and Democrats than its predecessor . He faced Democrat Ami Bera in the November general election . Seen as a swing district , the race has been described as a potential PAC Battlefield . One of the most-watched race nationally , both sides poured in millions of dollars for their campaigns . Bera was ultimately elected to the seat . Personal life . Lungren and his wife Bobbi have three children : Jeff , Kelly and Kathleen . He has eight grandchildren . In 2010 he was inducted into the College of Fellows of the Dominican School of Philosophy and Theology . External links . - U.S . Congressman Dan Lungren official U.S . House website - The California Citizens Redistricting Commission , final districts |
[
"Georgetown University Law Center",
"University of Southern California Law School"
] | easy | Where was Dan Lungren educated from 1968 to 1969? | /wiki/Dan_Lungren#P69#1 | Dan Lungren Daniel Edward Lungren ( born September 22 , 1946 ) is an American politician who served as the U.S . Representative for from 2005 to 2013 . A member of the Republican Party , during his tenure , the district covered most of Sacramento County , portions of Solano County , as well as all of Alpine County , Amador County and Calaveras County . Lungren previously represented the Long Beach area in Congress from 1979 to 1989 and served as the 29th Attorney General of California from 1991 to 1999 . He was the Republican nominee for Governor of California in 1998 , losing to Democrat Gray Davis . As of 2020 , he was the last Republican to serve as California Attorney General . In Congress , he was a member of the Republican Study Committee . Early life , education and private career . Dan Lungren was born in Long Beach , California , of Irish , Swedish and Scottish descent . From 1952 , Lungrens father , John , was the personal physician to and a close friend of former President Richard Nixon . Lungren graduated from St . Anthony High School in 1964 and matriculated to the University of Notre Dame , where he earned an A.B . degree with honors in English in 1968 . He returned to California to chair Youth for Nixon during Nixons first successful run for the presidency . Lungren began his legal studies at the University of Southern California Law School but transferred to Georgetown University Law Center , where he earned his J.D . degree in 1971 . During his years at Georgetown , Lungren worked for U.S . Senators George Murphy ( R-California ) and Bill Brock ( R-Tennessee ) . From 1971 to 1972 , he was Special Assistant to the co-chair of the Republican National Committee ( RNC ) ; Lungrens wife , Bobbi , worked in the Nixon White House at the time . When Lungren returned to Long Beach , he joined a law firm and practiced civil law for a short time before running unsuccessfully for Congress in 1976 . He was successful in 1978 . U.S . House of Representatives ( 1979–1989 ) . Lungren first served in the House of Representatives from 1979 to 1989 , representing portions of Long Beach and Orange County . Radley Balko wrote in 2012 : Lungren rose in stature with the election of Ronald Reagan in 1980 , and quickly became a darling of the tough-on-crime crowd and the rising moral majority movement . He was one of Newt Gingrichs chief lieutenants during this time ; he was a founding member of the Conservative Opportunity Society . He served on the House Judiciary Committee , where he pushed for tough on crime legislation . In 1984 , Lungren sponsored the Comprehensive Crime Control Act , at the time one of the most sweeping pieces of anti-crime legislation in U.S . history . In addition , he supported asset forfeiture as a weapon in the War on Drugs , saying he wanted to [ m ] ake it illegal for a dry cleaner or a grocery store to take money from a drug dealer ( ... ) and if they do , seize the business . Put the merchant in jail . Lungren also supported sanctions against employers who hired illegal immigrants , but also favored a temporary guest-worker program . He was the principal House cosponsor of the Simpson-Mazzoli immigration bill , which became the Immigration Reform Act of 1986 . He also independently sponsored a guest worker bill , designed to allow for importation of temporary immigrant laborers . California statewide offices . Lungren did not seek reelection to the U.S . House when California Governor George Deukmejian appointed him as the states acting state treasurer , but he was never confirmed . Lungren was later elected as Attorney General of California in 1990 ; he served two terms from 1991 to 1999 . Shortly after becoming California Attorney General , Lungren , a staunch supporter of capital punishment , presided over Californias first execution in over twenty years . During his tenure in the office , he helped pass legislation such as Megans Law , 3-Strikes-and-Youre-Out , Sexual Anti-Predator Act and the Californias Safe Schools Plan . He also sponsored a law allowing minors as young as 14 who are accused of murder to be tried as adults and led a national effort to limit lawsuits filed by prisoners , which produced the federal Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1996 . His 1993 letter to five major video game publishers and seven major video game retailers , asking them to stop the manufacturing , licensing , distribution , or sale of any video game that portrays graphic and gratuitous violence , was called the strongest anti-violence statement yet from a top government official by the gaming press , even with Lungrens accompanying statement that he was strictly making an appeal to the companies sense of civic responsibility and not calling for any form of government censorship . In 1996 , he was considered as a possible vice presidential candidate to run with Republican nominee Bob Dole . That same year , Lungren vigorously opposed Proposition 215 , which legalized medical marijuana in California . In 1998 Lungren ran as the Republican candidate for the governorship against Democratic Lieutenant Governor Gray Davis . Davis received 57.9% of the votes , while Lungren got 38.4% . During the campaign , Davis maintained that Lungren , who presented himself as the political heir to former California Governor and U.S . President Ronald Reagan , was too conservative for California . Davis also criticized Lungrens hesitancy , as California Attorney General , to enforce laws restricting assault weapons and his waiting until the last minute to become part of a class action lawsuit against the cigarette industry . U.S . House of Representatives ( 2005–2013 ) . Lungren was elected to Californias 3rd congressional district in 2004 , which included several rural and exburban areas east of Sacramento . He had moved to Gold River , a Sacramento suburb , in the 1990s . Lungren was reappointed to the Judiciary Committee based on his previous five terms of seniority ; he also served on the Homeland Security Committee . In 2005 , Lungren supported the USA PATRIOT Act , which renewed the federal governments ability to perform secret surveillance including wiretaps of citizens and monitoring of public and private computer packet-switched networks to prevent terrorism from hitting the United States . In 2006 , Lungren and fellow U.S . Representative Jane Harman authored the SAFE Port Act , which improves security at the ports including additional requirements for maritime facilities , foreign port assessments , container security initiatives and Customs Trade Partnership against Terrorism . The bill passed the House with bipartisan support . Also in 2006 , he sponsored the Streamlined Procedures Act which would strip federal courts of the power to review habeas corpus petitions in state death penalty cases . In 2007 , Lungren was appointed to the House Administration Committee . Lungren has stated that he opposes any bill brought to the floor of the House that includes an amnesty provision that confers citizenship status . He cites his concern as the millions of legal immigrants who wait years in order to obtain permanent residence and citizenship . Lungren has been an opponent of the huge growth of spending earmarks . Described as a maverick , he cited the need for the party to adopt more fiscally conservative policies . On July 29 , 2008 , the House of Representatives passed H.R . 6295 , introduced by Lungren . This legislation is to stop the use of submersible and semi-submersible vessels used to transport drugs and other contrabands , which pose a threat to communities and national security . Shortly after the 2008 election , a newly reelected Lungren challenged John Boehner for House Minority Leader . Although Lungren did not win the post , Boehner appointed him as Ranking Member of the House Administration Committee . To serve on this new role , he left his spot with the Budget Committee . He became Chairman of the House Administration Committee when Republicans took control of the House in January 2011 . The Cook Political Report by the National Journal named Lungren the Republican most vulnerable to redistricting in 2012 . Lungren lost his reelection bid for Californias 7th congressional district , reapportioned after the 2010 United States Census , in the November 2012 election , which was called by the Associated Press on November 15 , 2012 in favor of the Democratic challenger , Ami Bera , by a margin of 5,700 votes – 51.1% to 48.9% . Committee assignments . - Committee on House Administration ( Chairman ) - Committee on the Judiciary - Subcommittee on Crime , Terrorism , and Homeland Security - Subcommittee on Immigration Policy and Enforcement - Task Force on Judicial Impeachment - Committee on Homeland Security - Subcommittee on Transportation Security - Subcommittee on Cybersecurity , Infrastructure Protection , and Security Technologies ( Chairman ) - Joint Committee on Printing - Joint Committee on the Library - Republican Study Committee Political campaigns . 2004 . Lungren ran for Congress again in the 3rd congressional district after six-year incumbent U.S . Representative Doug Ose announced his retirement . Lungren has stated that his desire to serve in Congress again was rekindled by the September 11 attacks . He won a come from behind victory in a three-way primary against Mary Ose and State Senator Rico Oller in 2004 . 2010 . Lungren was challenged by Democratic nominee Ami Bera , a physician by occupation , American Independent Jerry Leidecker , Peace and Freedom nominee Mike Roskey and Libertarian Douglas Art Tuma . Lungren was reelected with 50.6% of the vote , with Bera accumulating 42.7% and 6.7% to other candidates . 2012 . After the 2010 U.S . Census , Lungrens district was renumbered as the 7th district . It lost all of its territory outside Sacramento County and had a more evenly divided registration of Republicans and Democrats than its predecessor . He faced Democrat Ami Bera in the November general election . Seen as a swing district , the race has been described as a potential PAC Battlefield . One of the most-watched race nationally , both sides poured in millions of dollars for their campaigns . Bera was ultimately elected to the seat . Personal life . Lungren and his wife Bobbi have three children : Jeff , Kelly and Kathleen . He has eight grandchildren . In 2010 he was inducted into the College of Fellows of the Dominican School of Philosophy and Theology . External links . - U.S . Congressman Dan Lungren official U.S . House website - The California Citizens Redistricting Commission , final districts |
[
"China"
] | easy | What was the nationality of Yang Jingnian from Oct 1908 to 1911? | /wiki/Yang_Jingnian#P27#0 | Yang Jingnian Yang Jingnian ( ; 17 October 1908 – 4 September 2016 ) was a Chinese economist and translator from Miluo , Hunan Province . In 1932 , Yang attended National Chengchi University in the Administration department . Graduating in 1936 , he joined the Nankai University economic research institute . Nine years later , in 1945 , he studied politics at Corpus Christi College , Oxford , specializing in economics . In 1948 , Yang earned a D.Phil . from Oxford , and that same year he became a professor at Nankai University . Yangs most notable translations were The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith ; The Economic Development of France and Germany , 1815-1914 by John Clapham ; and History of Economics Analysis by Joseph Schumpeter . In an interview in 2006 , a 98-year-old Yang said his secret for longevity was a balanced attitude , constant use of the brain , learning new things frequently , and physical exercise . In 2008 , he published an autobiography when he turned 100 years old . Life . Childhood . Yang was born in Miluo , Hunan , China on 17 October 1908 . His father , Yang Haizong ( ) , had considerable discord with his wife , Li Yuxia ( ) , and angrily left home when Jingnian was still a child , never to be seen again . At the age of one month , Yang was sent by his mother to be raised by his maternal grandfather . When Yang was 10 years old , his mother remarried . Although he lived a poor villagers life , Yangs grandfather became a scholar and passed the county level exams during the end of the Qing dynasty . He placed much emphasis on Yangs education , which began at four years of age ; the young Yang moved on to reading his grandfathers books . At the age of 13 , Yang was already well versed in the four books and five classics , and was proficient in literary Chinese . Early studies . At the beginning of the Chinese Civil War in 1927 , after graduating from Hunan First Normal University , Yang was admitted to the infantry department of the Changsha branch of Whampoa Military Academy , in order to join the Revolution . Three months later , due to the Mari Incident ( ) , he decided to leave the Whampoa Academy because of his sentiments , as a person raised in a poor family , towards socialism and the Communist Party . For several years he made his living as a teacher . In 1932 , he was admitted to the KMT Central Politics University . Unlike many others who enrolled in order to get a government office , Yang went there since they required no tuition fees . During his studies he became aware of the KMT top cadre , and mainly the universitys dean Chen Guofus tendency to demand absolute obedience , and realized he could not yield to such an attitude . He therefore abandoned the idea of a public service career and planned to continue his studies abroad . This ambition required two years of experience in the desired field of study , which he intended to complete as an economics student at Nankai University . After a short career at the Jiangsu civil affairs bureau , Yang passed the Nankai University entrance exams . His studies at Nankai University lasted for one year until the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out with the Marco Polo Bridge Incident and all students were dismissed . During that period , Yang managed to make a living by finding jobs with some help from the Nankai economic institution director , the Chinese economist Fang Xianting , and other friends . His mind was still set on studying abroad , however , which made him quit his developing career in the Ministry of Finance . Attending Oxford University . In his first attempt to gain admission to Oxford University , in 1939 , Yang failed the exams by 0.9 points , as the foreign students quota was limited to 20 students . Due to World War II , he had to wait until 1945 in order to get a second chance , and this time he went to Oxford , attending Corpus Christi College through India with a delegation of 100 Chinese students funded by public budgets . Life as a student in England was quite comfortable , with a scholarship that allowed Yang to study without having to work for his living . He related to his time in Oxford as an experience which opened his eyes to the world . Back in China . In August 1948 Yang received his PhD in Oxford and was about to move to the United States , but he was called back to Nankai University by Franklin Ho ( ) , who had become president there . Initially the boat company denied him his ticket to China , but some help from past colleagues at the political science university who served in the Chinese embassy in the United Kingdom got him the needed tickets . Upon reaching Hong Kong , his former teacher Chen Xujing located him and offered him a job at Lingnan University . In a talk with Ho , Ho did not mind that Yang would stay at Lingnan . At the beginning of the year , however , he prevented Yangs books , which remained in Shanghai , from being moved to Lingnan , and so without his teaching aids he was forced to move back to Nankai , as originally planned . Soon after Ho left for the United States and with , the rise of the communist regime , advised Yang to do the same . Yang refused , however , as being raised in a poor family made him quite pleased that the communists had won . Under the Communist regime . As the communist army took control over Nankai University , all legal , social and political studies were canceled , and so Nankais political studies department converted into an economics school and Yang was asked to form and head the new department . In an effort to establish the new department , Yang hired specialists and signed contracts with the Ministry of Finance enabling him to get lectures from government personnel and Russian experts , and on the other hand giving his students the chance to get a practice in the Ministry of Finance . This department existed for five years . During the cultural revolution , Yangs salary shrank into 15% of the original sum , but later raised to 50% . This salary maintained his family of five members for 20 years . Being a member of right-wing counter-revolutionary group , Yang was sent to re-education through labor . Being kept away from any academic research , and not allowed to serve as a teacher , Yang worked as a translator , translating foreign economy related works and UN documents , usually under a pen name or with no personal attribution . Later he was sentenced to detention for 3 years . Yang claims these years to be the best times of his life as his most important articles were written during these years . In 1974 Yangs wife became paralyzed due to an accident at home . He took care of her while she was bedridden for 24 years , sleeping in a camp bed near her bed . In 1976 Yangs son , Piaopeng , has died of a grave disease . His wife died in 1998 at the age of 92 . On her deathbed she begged to see Piaopeng , to which Yang lowered his head and replied I am Piaopeng . In 1979 Yangs reputation was rehabilitated , but he was already over 70 years old , beyond retirement age . He insisted on teaching in order to make up for the lost years . In 1994 , aged 86 , he reluctantly quit teaching . There was some criticism of his academic infertility during these years , but Yang felt that he did his share of academic work . At the age of 80 , in 1988 , Yang joined the Chinese communist party . In 1998 , aged 90 , he started writing his work Discussions on Human Nature , handling the human nature from a combination of economical , political , social , psychological , and ethical points of view . In his 90s he did not cease publishing essays , mainly on the subject of development economics , and served as a mentor for 20 research students . In 2001 , at the age of 93 , he translated Adam Smiths The Wealth of Nations , feeling that it would help spread popular economics among the people . The translation took 11 months in which he worked for eight hours a day , after which he manually added an Index . Although not being the first translation into Chinese , Yangs translation became a bestseller in China . In 2008 , at 100 years old , he published an autobiography . On that occasion his students gave him a memorial board saying : Life begins at 100 years of age . Economic views . Unlike some other scholars in China who treated development economy as just another piece of information , or as a threat , Yang claimed that development economy should be researched , criticized and utilized . He believed that the theories of Marx , Engels and Lenin on how to handle the bourgeoisie economy of their time should be used to handle western development economics . He started writing his work on these views : Outline of Western Development Economies . After five years , however , in 1957 , the cultural revolution stopped his work . |
[
""
] | easy | What citizenship did Yang Jingnian hold from 1912 to Sep 1949? | /wiki/Yang_Jingnian#P27#1 | Yang Jingnian Yang Jingnian ( ; 17 October 1908 – 4 September 2016 ) was a Chinese economist and translator from Miluo , Hunan Province . In 1932 , Yang attended National Chengchi University in the Administration department . Graduating in 1936 , he joined the Nankai University economic research institute . Nine years later , in 1945 , he studied politics at Corpus Christi College , Oxford , specializing in economics . In 1948 , Yang earned a D.Phil . from Oxford , and that same year he became a professor at Nankai University . Yangs most notable translations were The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith ; The Economic Development of France and Germany , 1815-1914 by John Clapham ; and History of Economics Analysis by Joseph Schumpeter . In an interview in 2006 , a 98-year-old Yang said his secret for longevity was a balanced attitude , constant use of the brain , learning new things frequently , and physical exercise . In 2008 , he published an autobiography when he turned 100 years old . Life . Childhood . Yang was born in Miluo , Hunan , China on 17 October 1908 . His father , Yang Haizong ( ) , had considerable discord with his wife , Li Yuxia ( ) , and angrily left home when Jingnian was still a child , never to be seen again . At the age of one month , Yang was sent by his mother to be raised by his maternal grandfather . When Yang was 10 years old , his mother remarried . Although he lived a poor villagers life , Yangs grandfather became a scholar and passed the county level exams during the end of the Qing dynasty . He placed much emphasis on Yangs education , which began at four years of age ; the young Yang moved on to reading his grandfathers books . At the age of 13 , Yang was already well versed in the four books and five classics , and was proficient in literary Chinese . Early studies . At the beginning of the Chinese Civil War in 1927 , after graduating from Hunan First Normal University , Yang was admitted to the infantry department of the Changsha branch of Whampoa Military Academy , in order to join the Revolution . Three months later , due to the Mari Incident ( ) , he decided to leave the Whampoa Academy because of his sentiments , as a person raised in a poor family , towards socialism and the Communist Party . For several years he made his living as a teacher . In 1932 , he was admitted to the KMT Central Politics University . Unlike many others who enrolled in order to get a government office , Yang went there since they required no tuition fees . During his studies he became aware of the KMT top cadre , and mainly the universitys dean Chen Guofus tendency to demand absolute obedience , and realized he could not yield to such an attitude . He therefore abandoned the idea of a public service career and planned to continue his studies abroad . This ambition required two years of experience in the desired field of study , which he intended to complete as an economics student at Nankai University . After a short career at the Jiangsu civil affairs bureau , Yang passed the Nankai University entrance exams . His studies at Nankai University lasted for one year until the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out with the Marco Polo Bridge Incident and all students were dismissed . During that period , Yang managed to make a living by finding jobs with some help from the Nankai economic institution director , the Chinese economist Fang Xianting , and other friends . His mind was still set on studying abroad , however , which made him quit his developing career in the Ministry of Finance . Attending Oxford University . In his first attempt to gain admission to Oxford University , in 1939 , Yang failed the exams by 0.9 points , as the foreign students quota was limited to 20 students . Due to World War II , he had to wait until 1945 in order to get a second chance , and this time he went to Oxford , attending Corpus Christi College through India with a delegation of 100 Chinese students funded by public budgets . Life as a student in England was quite comfortable , with a scholarship that allowed Yang to study without having to work for his living . He related to his time in Oxford as an experience which opened his eyes to the world . Back in China . In August 1948 Yang received his PhD in Oxford and was about to move to the United States , but he was called back to Nankai University by Franklin Ho ( ) , who had become president there . Initially the boat company denied him his ticket to China , but some help from past colleagues at the political science university who served in the Chinese embassy in the United Kingdom got him the needed tickets . Upon reaching Hong Kong , his former teacher Chen Xujing located him and offered him a job at Lingnan University . In a talk with Ho , Ho did not mind that Yang would stay at Lingnan . At the beginning of the year , however , he prevented Yangs books , which remained in Shanghai , from being moved to Lingnan , and so without his teaching aids he was forced to move back to Nankai , as originally planned . Soon after Ho left for the United States and with , the rise of the communist regime , advised Yang to do the same . Yang refused , however , as being raised in a poor family made him quite pleased that the communists had won . Under the Communist regime . As the communist army took control over Nankai University , all legal , social and political studies were canceled , and so Nankais political studies department converted into an economics school and Yang was asked to form and head the new department . In an effort to establish the new department , Yang hired specialists and signed contracts with the Ministry of Finance enabling him to get lectures from government personnel and Russian experts , and on the other hand giving his students the chance to get a practice in the Ministry of Finance . This department existed for five years . During the cultural revolution , Yangs salary shrank into 15% of the original sum , but later raised to 50% . This salary maintained his family of five members for 20 years . Being a member of right-wing counter-revolutionary group , Yang was sent to re-education through labor . Being kept away from any academic research , and not allowed to serve as a teacher , Yang worked as a translator , translating foreign economy related works and UN documents , usually under a pen name or with no personal attribution . Later he was sentenced to detention for 3 years . Yang claims these years to be the best times of his life as his most important articles were written during these years . In 1974 Yangs wife became paralyzed due to an accident at home . He took care of her while she was bedridden for 24 years , sleeping in a camp bed near her bed . In 1976 Yangs son , Piaopeng , has died of a grave disease . His wife died in 1998 at the age of 92 . On her deathbed she begged to see Piaopeng , to which Yang lowered his head and replied I am Piaopeng . In 1979 Yangs reputation was rehabilitated , but he was already over 70 years old , beyond retirement age . He insisted on teaching in order to make up for the lost years . In 1994 , aged 86 , he reluctantly quit teaching . There was some criticism of his academic infertility during these years , but Yang felt that he did his share of academic work . At the age of 80 , in 1988 , Yang joined the Chinese communist party . In 1998 , aged 90 , he started writing his work Discussions on Human Nature , handling the human nature from a combination of economical , political , social , psychological , and ethical points of view . In his 90s he did not cease publishing essays , mainly on the subject of development economics , and served as a mentor for 20 research students . In 2001 , at the age of 93 , he translated Adam Smiths The Wealth of Nations , feeling that it would help spread popular economics among the people . The translation took 11 months in which he worked for eight hours a day , after which he manually added an Index . Although not being the first translation into Chinese , Yangs translation became a bestseller in China . In 2008 , at 100 years old , he published an autobiography . On that occasion his students gave him a memorial board saying : Life begins at 100 years of age . Economic views . Unlike some other scholars in China who treated development economy as just another piece of information , or as a threat , Yang claimed that development economy should be researched , criticized and utilized . He believed that the theories of Marx , Engels and Lenin on how to handle the bourgeoisie economy of their time should be used to handle western development economics . He started writing his work on these views : Outline of Western Development Economies . After five years , however , in 1957 , the cultural revolution stopped his work . |
[
""
] | easy | What was the nationality of Yang Jingnian from Oct 1949 to Sep 2016? | /wiki/Yang_Jingnian#P27#2 | Yang Jingnian Yang Jingnian ( ; 17 October 1908 – 4 September 2016 ) was a Chinese economist and translator from Miluo , Hunan Province . In 1932 , Yang attended National Chengchi University in the Administration department . Graduating in 1936 , he joined the Nankai University economic research institute . Nine years later , in 1945 , he studied politics at Corpus Christi College , Oxford , specializing in economics . In 1948 , Yang earned a D.Phil . from Oxford , and that same year he became a professor at Nankai University . Yangs most notable translations were The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith ; The Economic Development of France and Germany , 1815-1914 by John Clapham ; and History of Economics Analysis by Joseph Schumpeter . In an interview in 2006 , a 98-year-old Yang said his secret for longevity was a balanced attitude , constant use of the brain , learning new things frequently , and physical exercise . In 2008 , he published an autobiography when he turned 100 years old . Life . Childhood . Yang was born in Miluo , Hunan , China on 17 October 1908 . His father , Yang Haizong ( ) , had considerable discord with his wife , Li Yuxia ( ) , and angrily left home when Jingnian was still a child , never to be seen again . At the age of one month , Yang was sent by his mother to be raised by his maternal grandfather . When Yang was 10 years old , his mother remarried . Although he lived a poor villagers life , Yangs grandfather became a scholar and passed the county level exams during the end of the Qing dynasty . He placed much emphasis on Yangs education , which began at four years of age ; the young Yang moved on to reading his grandfathers books . At the age of 13 , Yang was already well versed in the four books and five classics , and was proficient in literary Chinese . Early studies . At the beginning of the Chinese Civil War in 1927 , after graduating from Hunan First Normal University , Yang was admitted to the infantry department of the Changsha branch of Whampoa Military Academy , in order to join the Revolution . Three months later , due to the Mari Incident ( ) , he decided to leave the Whampoa Academy because of his sentiments , as a person raised in a poor family , towards socialism and the Communist Party . For several years he made his living as a teacher . In 1932 , he was admitted to the KMT Central Politics University . Unlike many others who enrolled in order to get a government office , Yang went there since they required no tuition fees . During his studies he became aware of the KMT top cadre , and mainly the universitys dean Chen Guofus tendency to demand absolute obedience , and realized he could not yield to such an attitude . He therefore abandoned the idea of a public service career and planned to continue his studies abroad . This ambition required two years of experience in the desired field of study , which he intended to complete as an economics student at Nankai University . After a short career at the Jiangsu civil affairs bureau , Yang passed the Nankai University entrance exams . His studies at Nankai University lasted for one year until the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out with the Marco Polo Bridge Incident and all students were dismissed . During that period , Yang managed to make a living by finding jobs with some help from the Nankai economic institution director , the Chinese economist Fang Xianting , and other friends . His mind was still set on studying abroad , however , which made him quit his developing career in the Ministry of Finance . Attending Oxford University . In his first attempt to gain admission to Oxford University , in 1939 , Yang failed the exams by 0.9 points , as the foreign students quota was limited to 20 students . Due to World War II , he had to wait until 1945 in order to get a second chance , and this time he went to Oxford , attending Corpus Christi College through India with a delegation of 100 Chinese students funded by public budgets . Life as a student in England was quite comfortable , with a scholarship that allowed Yang to study without having to work for his living . He related to his time in Oxford as an experience which opened his eyes to the world . Back in China . In August 1948 Yang received his PhD in Oxford and was about to move to the United States , but he was called back to Nankai University by Franklin Ho ( ) , who had become president there . Initially the boat company denied him his ticket to China , but some help from past colleagues at the political science university who served in the Chinese embassy in the United Kingdom got him the needed tickets . Upon reaching Hong Kong , his former teacher Chen Xujing located him and offered him a job at Lingnan University . In a talk with Ho , Ho did not mind that Yang would stay at Lingnan . At the beginning of the year , however , he prevented Yangs books , which remained in Shanghai , from being moved to Lingnan , and so without his teaching aids he was forced to move back to Nankai , as originally planned . Soon after Ho left for the United States and with , the rise of the communist regime , advised Yang to do the same . Yang refused , however , as being raised in a poor family made him quite pleased that the communists had won . Under the Communist regime . As the communist army took control over Nankai University , all legal , social and political studies were canceled , and so Nankais political studies department converted into an economics school and Yang was asked to form and head the new department . In an effort to establish the new department , Yang hired specialists and signed contracts with the Ministry of Finance enabling him to get lectures from government personnel and Russian experts , and on the other hand giving his students the chance to get a practice in the Ministry of Finance . This department existed for five years . During the cultural revolution , Yangs salary shrank into 15% of the original sum , but later raised to 50% . This salary maintained his family of five members for 20 years . Being a member of right-wing counter-revolutionary group , Yang was sent to re-education through labor . Being kept away from any academic research , and not allowed to serve as a teacher , Yang worked as a translator , translating foreign economy related works and UN documents , usually under a pen name or with no personal attribution . Later he was sentenced to detention for 3 years . Yang claims these years to be the best times of his life as his most important articles were written during these years . In 1974 Yangs wife became paralyzed due to an accident at home . He took care of her while she was bedridden for 24 years , sleeping in a camp bed near her bed . In 1976 Yangs son , Piaopeng , has died of a grave disease . His wife died in 1998 at the age of 92 . On her deathbed she begged to see Piaopeng , to which Yang lowered his head and replied I am Piaopeng . In 1979 Yangs reputation was rehabilitated , but he was already over 70 years old , beyond retirement age . He insisted on teaching in order to make up for the lost years . In 1994 , aged 86 , he reluctantly quit teaching . There was some criticism of his academic infertility during these years , but Yang felt that he did his share of academic work . At the age of 80 , in 1988 , Yang joined the Chinese communist party . In 1998 , aged 90 , he started writing his work Discussions on Human Nature , handling the human nature from a combination of economical , political , social , psychological , and ethical points of view . In his 90s he did not cease publishing essays , mainly on the subject of development economics , and served as a mentor for 20 research students . In 2001 , at the age of 93 , he translated Adam Smiths The Wealth of Nations , feeling that it would help spread popular economics among the people . The translation took 11 months in which he worked for eight hours a day , after which he manually added an Index . Although not being the first translation into Chinese , Yangs translation became a bestseller in China . In 2008 , at 100 years old , he published an autobiography . On that occasion his students gave him a memorial board saying : Life begins at 100 years of age . Economic views . Unlike some other scholars in China who treated development economy as just another piece of information , or as a threat , Yang claimed that development economy should be researched , criticized and utilized . He believed that the theories of Marx , Engels and Lenin on how to handle the bourgeoisie economy of their time should be used to handle western development economics . He started writing his work on these views : Outline of Western Development Economies . After five years , however , in 1957 , the cultural revolution stopped his work . |
[
"Member of Parliament"
] | easy | What position did T. P. O'Connor take from Oct 1900 to 1906? | /wiki/T._P._O'Connor#P39#0 | T . P . OConnor Thomas Power OConnor ( 5 October 1848 – 18 November 1929 ) , known as T . P . OConnor and occasionally as Tay Pay ( mimicking his own pronunciation of the initials T . P. ) , was a journalist , an Irish nationalist political figure , and a Member of Parliament ( MP ) in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for nearly fifty years . Early life and education . OConnor was born in Athlone , County Westmeath , on 5 October 1848 . He was the eldest son of Thomas OConnor , an Athlone shopkeeper , and his wife Teresa Power , the daughter of a non-commissioned officer in the Connaught Rangers . He was educated at the College of the Immaculate Conception in Athlone , and Queens College Galway , where he won scholarships in history and modern languages and built up a reputation as an orator , serving as auditor of the colleges Literary and Debating Society . Career . OConnor entered journalism as a junior reporter on Saunders Newsletter , a Dublin journal , in 1867 . In 1870 , he moved to London , and was appointed a sub-editor on The Daily Telegraph , principally on account of the utility of his mastery of French and German in reportage of the Franco-Prussian War . He later became London correspondent for The New York Herald . He compiled the society magazine Mainly About People ( M.O.P. ) from 1898 to 1911 . OConnor was elected Member of Parliament for Galway Borough in the 1880 general election , as a representative of the Home Rule League ( which was under the leadership of William Shaw , though virtually led by Charles Stewart Parnell , who would win the partys leadership a short time later ) . At the next general election in 1885 , he was returned both for Galway and for the Liverpool Scotland constituencies , which had a large Irish population . He chose to sit for Liverpool , and represented that constituency in the House of Commons from 1885 until his death in 1929 . This was the only constituency outside the island of Ireland ever to return an Irish Nationalist Party MP . OConnor continued to be re-elected in Liverpool under this label unopposed in the 1918 , 1922 , 1923 , 1924 and 1929 general elections . From 1905 he belonged to the central leadership of the United Irish League . During much of his time in parliament , he wrote a nightly sketch of proceedings there for the Pall Mall Gazette . He became Father of the House of Commons , with unbroken service of 49 years 215 days . The Irish Nationalist Party ceased to exist effectively after the Sinn Féin landslide of 1918 , and thereafter OConnor effectively sat as an independent . On 13 April 1920 , OConnor warned the House of Commons that the death on hunger strike of Thomas Ashe would galvanise opinion in Ireland and unite all Irishmen in opposition to British rule . OConnor founded and was the first editor of several newspapers and journals : The Star ( 1887 ) , the Weekly Sun ( 1891 ) , The Sun ( 1893 ) , M.A.P . and T.P.s Weekly ( 1902 ) . In August 1906 and as Father of the House , OConnor was instrumental in the passing by Parliament of The Copyright Law for Music Act 1906 , known as the T.P . OConnor Bill , following many of the popular music writers at the time dying in poverty due to extensive piracy by gangs during the piracy crisis of sheet music in the early 20th century . The gangs would often buy a copy of the music at full price , copy it , and resell it , often at half the price of the original . The film Ill Be Your Sweetheart ( 1945 ) , commissioned by the British Ministry of Information , is based on the events of the day.He was appointed as the second President of the Board of Film Censors in 1916 and appeared in front of the Cinema Commission of Inquiry ( 1916 ) , set up by the National Council of Public Morals where he outlined the BBFCs position on protecting public morals by listing forty-three infractions , from the BBFC 1913–1915 reports , on why scenes in a film may be cut . He was appointed to the Privy Council by the first Labour government in 1924 . He was also a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Journalists , the worlds oldest journalists organisation . It continues to honour him by having a T.P . OConnor charity fund . Publications . - Lord Beaconsfield – A Biography ( 1879 ) ; - The Parnell Movement ( 1886 ) ; - Gladstones House of Commons ; Napoleon ; The Phantom Millions ; - Memoirs of an Old Parliamentarian ( 1929 ) . Personal life . In 1885 , OConnor married Elizabeth Paschal , a daughter of a Judge of the Supreme Court of Texas . Death . He died in London on 18 November 1929 and is buried at St Marys Catholic Cemetery , Kensal Green in north-west London . He was the last Father of the House to die as a sitting MP until Sir Gerald Kaufman in 2017 . |
[
"Member of Parliament",
"Father of the House"
] | easy | Which position did T. P. O'Connor hold from 1906 to 1910? | /wiki/T._P._O'Connor#P39#1 | T . P . OConnor Thomas Power OConnor ( 5 October 1848 – 18 November 1929 ) , known as T . P . OConnor and occasionally as Tay Pay ( mimicking his own pronunciation of the initials T . P. ) , was a journalist , an Irish nationalist political figure , and a Member of Parliament ( MP ) in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for nearly fifty years . Early life and education . OConnor was born in Athlone , County Westmeath , on 5 October 1848 . He was the eldest son of Thomas OConnor , an Athlone shopkeeper , and his wife Teresa Power , the daughter of a non-commissioned officer in the Connaught Rangers . He was educated at the College of the Immaculate Conception in Athlone , and Queens College Galway , where he won scholarships in history and modern languages and built up a reputation as an orator , serving as auditor of the colleges Literary and Debating Society . Career . OConnor entered journalism as a junior reporter on Saunders Newsletter , a Dublin journal , in 1867 . In 1870 , he moved to London , and was appointed a sub-editor on The Daily Telegraph , principally on account of the utility of his mastery of French and German in reportage of the Franco-Prussian War . He later became London correspondent for The New York Herald . He compiled the society magazine Mainly About People ( M.O.P. ) from 1898 to 1911 . OConnor was elected Member of Parliament for Galway Borough in the 1880 general election , as a representative of the Home Rule League ( which was under the leadership of William Shaw , though virtually led by Charles Stewart Parnell , who would win the partys leadership a short time later ) . At the next general election in 1885 , he was returned both for Galway and for the Liverpool Scotland constituencies , which had a large Irish population . He chose to sit for Liverpool , and represented that constituency in the House of Commons from 1885 until his death in 1929 . This was the only constituency outside the island of Ireland ever to return an Irish Nationalist Party MP . OConnor continued to be re-elected in Liverpool under this label unopposed in the 1918 , 1922 , 1923 , 1924 and 1929 general elections . From 1905 he belonged to the central leadership of the United Irish League . During much of his time in parliament , he wrote a nightly sketch of proceedings there for the Pall Mall Gazette . He became Father of the House of Commons , with unbroken service of 49 years 215 days . The Irish Nationalist Party ceased to exist effectively after the Sinn Féin landslide of 1918 , and thereafter OConnor effectively sat as an independent . On 13 April 1920 , OConnor warned the House of Commons that the death on hunger strike of Thomas Ashe would galvanise opinion in Ireland and unite all Irishmen in opposition to British rule . OConnor founded and was the first editor of several newspapers and journals : The Star ( 1887 ) , the Weekly Sun ( 1891 ) , The Sun ( 1893 ) , M.A.P . and T.P.s Weekly ( 1902 ) . In August 1906 and as Father of the House , OConnor was instrumental in the passing by Parliament of The Copyright Law for Music Act 1906 , known as the T.P . OConnor Bill , following many of the popular music writers at the time dying in poverty due to extensive piracy by gangs during the piracy crisis of sheet music in the early 20th century . The gangs would often buy a copy of the music at full price , copy it , and resell it , often at half the price of the original . The film Ill Be Your Sweetheart ( 1945 ) , commissioned by the British Ministry of Information , is based on the events of the day.He was appointed as the second President of the Board of Film Censors in 1916 and appeared in front of the Cinema Commission of Inquiry ( 1916 ) , set up by the National Council of Public Morals where he outlined the BBFCs position on protecting public morals by listing forty-three infractions , from the BBFC 1913–1915 reports , on why scenes in a film may be cut . He was appointed to the Privy Council by the first Labour government in 1924 . He was also a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Journalists , the worlds oldest journalists organisation . It continues to honour him by having a T.P . OConnor charity fund . Publications . - Lord Beaconsfield – A Biography ( 1879 ) ; - The Parnell Movement ( 1886 ) ; - Gladstones House of Commons ; Napoleon ; The Phantom Millions ; - Memoirs of an Old Parliamentarian ( 1929 ) . Personal life . In 1885 , OConnor married Elizabeth Paschal , a daughter of a Judge of the Supreme Court of Texas . Death . He died in London on 18 November 1929 and is buried at St Marys Catholic Cemetery , Kensal Green in north-west London . He was the last Father of the House to die as a sitting MP until Sir Gerald Kaufman in 2017 . |
[
"Member of Parliament"
] | easy | What position did T. P. O'Connor take from 1910 to Nov 1910? | /wiki/T._P._O'Connor#P39#2 | T . P . OConnor Thomas Power OConnor ( 5 October 1848 – 18 November 1929 ) , known as T . P . OConnor and occasionally as Tay Pay ( mimicking his own pronunciation of the initials T . P. ) , was a journalist , an Irish nationalist political figure , and a Member of Parliament ( MP ) in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for nearly fifty years . Early life and education . OConnor was born in Athlone , County Westmeath , on 5 October 1848 . He was the eldest son of Thomas OConnor , an Athlone shopkeeper , and his wife Teresa Power , the daughter of a non-commissioned officer in the Connaught Rangers . He was educated at the College of the Immaculate Conception in Athlone , and Queens College Galway , where he won scholarships in history and modern languages and built up a reputation as an orator , serving as auditor of the colleges Literary and Debating Society . Career . OConnor entered journalism as a junior reporter on Saunders Newsletter , a Dublin journal , in 1867 . In 1870 , he moved to London , and was appointed a sub-editor on The Daily Telegraph , principally on account of the utility of his mastery of French and German in reportage of the Franco-Prussian War . He later became London correspondent for The New York Herald . He compiled the society magazine Mainly About People ( M.O.P. ) from 1898 to 1911 . OConnor was elected Member of Parliament for Galway Borough in the 1880 general election , as a representative of the Home Rule League ( which was under the leadership of William Shaw , though virtually led by Charles Stewart Parnell , who would win the partys leadership a short time later ) . At the next general election in 1885 , he was returned both for Galway and for the Liverpool Scotland constituencies , which had a large Irish population . He chose to sit for Liverpool , and represented that constituency in the House of Commons from 1885 until his death in 1929 . This was the only constituency outside the island of Ireland ever to return an Irish Nationalist Party MP . OConnor continued to be re-elected in Liverpool under this label unopposed in the 1918 , 1922 , 1923 , 1924 and 1929 general elections . From 1905 he belonged to the central leadership of the United Irish League . During much of his time in parliament , he wrote a nightly sketch of proceedings there for the Pall Mall Gazette . He became Father of the House of Commons , with unbroken service of 49 years 215 days . The Irish Nationalist Party ceased to exist effectively after the Sinn Féin landslide of 1918 , and thereafter OConnor effectively sat as an independent . On 13 April 1920 , OConnor warned the House of Commons that the death on hunger strike of Thomas Ashe would galvanise opinion in Ireland and unite all Irishmen in opposition to British rule . OConnor founded and was the first editor of several newspapers and journals : The Star ( 1887 ) , the Weekly Sun ( 1891 ) , The Sun ( 1893 ) , M.A.P . and T.P.s Weekly ( 1902 ) . In August 1906 and as Father of the House , OConnor was instrumental in the passing by Parliament of The Copyright Law for Music Act 1906 , known as the T.P . OConnor Bill , following many of the popular music writers at the time dying in poverty due to extensive piracy by gangs during the piracy crisis of sheet music in the early 20th century . The gangs would often buy a copy of the music at full price , copy it , and resell it , often at half the price of the original . The film Ill Be Your Sweetheart ( 1945 ) , commissioned by the British Ministry of Information , is based on the events of the day.He was appointed as the second President of the Board of Film Censors in 1916 and appeared in front of the Cinema Commission of Inquiry ( 1916 ) , set up by the National Council of Public Morals where he outlined the BBFCs position on protecting public morals by listing forty-three infractions , from the BBFC 1913–1915 reports , on why scenes in a film may be cut . He was appointed to the Privy Council by the first Labour government in 1924 . He was also a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Journalists , the worlds oldest journalists organisation . It continues to honour him by having a T.P . OConnor charity fund . Publications . - Lord Beaconsfield – A Biography ( 1879 ) ; - The Parnell Movement ( 1886 ) ; - Gladstones House of Commons ; Napoleon ; The Phantom Millions ; - Memoirs of an Old Parliamentarian ( 1929 ) . Personal life . In 1885 , OConnor married Elizabeth Paschal , a daughter of a Judge of the Supreme Court of Texas . Death . He died in London on 18 November 1929 and is buried at St Marys Catholic Cemetery , Kensal Green in north-west London . He was the last Father of the House to die as a sitting MP until Sir Gerald Kaufman in 2017 . |
[
"Member of Parliament",
"President of the Board of Film Censors"
] | easy | What position did T. P. O'Connor take from Dec 1910 to Nov 1918? | /wiki/T._P._O'Connor#P39#3 | T . P . OConnor Thomas Power OConnor ( 5 October 1848 – 18 November 1929 ) , known as T . P . OConnor and occasionally as Tay Pay ( mimicking his own pronunciation of the initials T . P. ) , was a journalist , an Irish nationalist political figure , and a Member of Parliament ( MP ) in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for nearly fifty years . Early life and education . OConnor was born in Athlone , County Westmeath , on 5 October 1848 . He was the eldest son of Thomas OConnor , an Athlone shopkeeper , and his wife Teresa Power , the daughter of a non-commissioned officer in the Connaught Rangers . He was educated at the College of the Immaculate Conception in Athlone , and Queens College Galway , where he won scholarships in history and modern languages and built up a reputation as an orator , serving as auditor of the colleges Literary and Debating Society . Career . OConnor entered journalism as a junior reporter on Saunders Newsletter , a Dublin journal , in 1867 . In 1870 , he moved to London , and was appointed a sub-editor on The Daily Telegraph , principally on account of the utility of his mastery of French and German in reportage of the Franco-Prussian War . He later became London correspondent for The New York Herald . He compiled the society magazine Mainly About People ( M.O.P. ) from 1898 to 1911 . OConnor was elected Member of Parliament for Galway Borough in the 1880 general election , as a representative of the Home Rule League ( which was under the leadership of William Shaw , though virtually led by Charles Stewart Parnell , who would win the partys leadership a short time later ) . At the next general election in 1885 , he was returned both for Galway and for the Liverpool Scotland constituencies , which had a large Irish population . He chose to sit for Liverpool , and represented that constituency in the House of Commons from 1885 until his death in 1929 . This was the only constituency outside the island of Ireland ever to return an Irish Nationalist Party MP . OConnor continued to be re-elected in Liverpool under this label unopposed in the 1918 , 1922 , 1923 , 1924 and 1929 general elections . From 1905 he belonged to the central leadership of the United Irish League . During much of his time in parliament , he wrote a nightly sketch of proceedings there for the Pall Mall Gazette . He became Father of the House of Commons , with unbroken service of 49 years 215 days . The Irish Nationalist Party ceased to exist effectively after the Sinn Féin landslide of 1918 , and thereafter OConnor effectively sat as an independent . On 13 April 1920 , OConnor warned the House of Commons that the death on hunger strike of Thomas Ashe would galvanise opinion in Ireland and unite all Irishmen in opposition to British rule . OConnor founded and was the first editor of several newspapers and journals : The Star ( 1887 ) , the Weekly Sun ( 1891 ) , The Sun ( 1893 ) , M.A.P . and T.P.s Weekly ( 1902 ) . In August 1906 and as Father of the House , OConnor was instrumental in the passing by Parliament of The Copyright Law for Music Act 1906 , known as the T.P . OConnor Bill , following many of the popular music writers at the time dying in poverty due to extensive piracy by gangs during the piracy crisis of sheet music in the early 20th century . The gangs would often buy a copy of the music at full price , copy it , and resell it , often at half the price of the original . The film Ill Be Your Sweetheart ( 1945 ) , commissioned by the British Ministry of Information , is based on the events of the day.He was appointed as the second President of the Board of Film Censors in 1916 and appeared in front of the Cinema Commission of Inquiry ( 1916 ) , set up by the National Council of Public Morals where he outlined the BBFCs position on protecting public morals by listing forty-three infractions , from the BBFC 1913–1915 reports , on why scenes in a film may be cut . He was appointed to the Privy Council by the first Labour government in 1924 . He was also a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Journalists , the worlds oldest journalists organisation . It continues to honour him by having a T.P . OConnor charity fund . Publications . - Lord Beaconsfield – A Biography ( 1879 ) ; - The Parnell Movement ( 1886 ) ; - Gladstones House of Commons ; Napoleon ; The Phantom Millions ; - Memoirs of an Old Parliamentarian ( 1929 ) . Personal life . In 1885 , OConnor married Elizabeth Paschal , a daughter of a Judge of the Supreme Court of Texas . Death . He died in London on 18 November 1929 and is buried at St Marys Catholic Cemetery , Kensal Green in north-west London . He was the last Father of the House to die as a sitting MP until Sir Gerald Kaufman in 2017 . |
[
"Member of Parliament"
] | easy | Which position did T. P. O'Connor hold from Dec 1918 to Oct 1922? | /wiki/T._P._O'Connor#P39#4 | T . P . OConnor Thomas Power OConnor ( 5 October 1848 – 18 November 1929 ) , known as T . P . OConnor and occasionally as Tay Pay ( mimicking his own pronunciation of the initials T . P. ) , was a journalist , an Irish nationalist political figure , and a Member of Parliament ( MP ) in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for nearly fifty years . Early life and education . OConnor was born in Athlone , County Westmeath , on 5 October 1848 . He was the eldest son of Thomas OConnor , an Athlone shopkeeper , and his wife Teresa Power , the daughter of a non-commissioned officer in the Connaught Rangers . He was educated at the College of the Immaculate Conception in Athlone , and Queens College Galway , where he won scholarships in history and modern languages and built up a reputation as an orator , serving as auditor of the colleges Literary and Debating Society . Career . OConnor entered journalism as a junior reporter on Saunders Newsletter , a Dublin journal , in 1867 . In 1870 , he moved to London , and was appointed a sub-editor on The Daily Telegraph , principally on account of the utility of his mastery of French and German in reportage of the Franco-Prussian War . He later became London correspondent for The New York Herald . He compiled the society magazine Mainly About People ( M.O.P. ) from 1898 to 1911 . OConnor was elected Member of Parliament for Galway Borough in the 1880 general election , as a representative of the Home Rule League ( which was under the leadership of William Shaw , though virtually led by Charles Stewart Parnell , who would win the partys leadership a short time later ) . At the next general election in 1885 , he was returned both for Galway and for the Liverpool Scotland constituencies , which had a large Irish population . He chose to sit for Liverpool , and represented that constituency in the House of Commons from 1885 until his death in 1929 . This was the only constituency outside the island of Ireland ever to return an Irish Nationalist Party MP . OConnor continued to be re-elected in Liverpool under this label unopposed in the 1918 , 1922 , 1923 , 1924 and 1929 general elections . From 1905 he belonged to the central leadership of the United Irish League . During much of his time in parliament , he wrote a nightly sketch of proceedings there for the Pall Mall Gazette . He became Father of the House of Commons , with unbroken service of 49 years 215 days . The Irish Nationalist Party ceased to exist effectively after the Sinn Féin landslide of 1918 , and thereafter OConnor effectively sat as an independent . On 13 April 1920 , OConnor warned the House of Commons that the death on hunger strike of Thomas Ashe would galvanise opinion in Ireland and unite all Irishmen in opposition to British rule . OConnor founded and was the first editor of several newspapers and journals : The Star ( 1887 ) , the Weekly Sun ( 1891 ) , The Sun ( 1893 ) , M.A.P . and T.P.s Weekly ( 1902 ) . In August 1906 and as Father of the House , OConnor was instrumental in the passing by Parliament of The Copyright Law for Music Act 1906 , known as the T.P . OConnor Bill , following many of the popular music writers at the time dying in poverty due to extensive piracy by gangs during the piracy crisis of sheet music in the early 20th century . The gangs would often buy a copy of the music at full price , copy it , and resell it , often at half the price of the original . The film Ill Be Your Sweetheart ( 1945 ) , commissioned by the British Ministry of Information , is based on the events of the day.He was appointed as the second President of the Board of Film Censors in 1916 and appeared in front of the Cinema Commission of Inquiry ( 1916 ) , set up by the National Council of Public Morals where he outlined the BBFCs position on protecting public morals by listing forty-three infractions , from the BBFC 1913–1915 reports , on why scenes in a film may be cut . He was appointed to the Privy Council by the first Labour government in 1924 . He was also a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Journalists , the worlds oldest journalists organisation . It continues to honour him by having a T.P . OConnor charity fund . Publications . - Lord Beaconsfield – A Biography ( 1879 ) ; - The Parnell Movement ( 1886 ) ; - Gladstones House of Commons ; Napoleon ; The Phantom Millions ; - Memoirs of an Old Parliamentarian ( 1929 ) . Personal life . In 1885 , OConnor married Elizabeth Paschal , a daughter of a Judge of the Supreme Court of Texas . Death . He died in London on 18 November 1929 and is buried at St Marys Catholic Cemetery , Kensal Green in north-west London . He was the last Father of the House to die as a sitting MP until Sir Gerald Kaufman in 2017 . |
[
"Member of Parliament"
] | easy | What was the position of T. P. O'Connor from Nov 1922 to Nov 1923? | /wiki/T._P._O'Connor#P39#5 | T . P . OConnor Thomas Power OConnor ( 5 October 1848 – 18 November 1929 ) , known as T . P . OConnor and occasionally as Tay Pay ( mimicking his own pronunciation of the initials T . P. ) , was a journalist , an Irish nationalist political figure , and a Member of Parliament ( MP ) in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for nearly fifty years . Early life and education . OConnor was born in Athlone , County Westmeath , on 5 October 1848 . He was the eldest son of Thomas OConnor , an Athlone shopkeeper , and his wife Teresa Power , the daughter of a non-commissioned officer in the Connaught Rangers . He was educated at the College of the Immaculate Conception in Athlone , and Queens College Galway , where he won scholarships in history and modern languages and built up a reputation as an orator , serving as auditor of the colleges Literary and Debating Society . Career . OConnor entered journalism as a junior reporter on Saunders Newsletter , a Dublin journal , in 1867 . In 1870 , he moved to London , and was appointed a sub-editor on The Daily Telegraph , principally on account of the utility of his mastery of French and German in reportage of the Franco-Prussian War . He later became London correspondent for The New York Herald . He compiled the society magazine Mainly About People ( M.O.P. ) from 1898 to 1911 . OConnor was elected Member of Parliament for Galway Borough in the 1880 general election , as a representative of the Home Rule League ( which was under the leadership of William Shaw , though virtually led by Charles Stewart Parnell , who would win the partys leadership a short time later ) . At the next general election in 1885 , he was returned both for Galway and for the Liverpool Scotland constituencies , which had a large Irish population . He chose to sit for Liverpool , and represented that constituency in the House of Commons from 1885 until his death in 1929 . This was the only constituency outside the island of Ireland ever to return an Irish Nationalist Party MP . OConnor continued to be re-elected in Liverpool under this label unopposed in the 1918 , 1922 , 1923 , 1924 and 1929 general elections . From 1905 he belonged to the central leadership of the United Irish League . During much of his time in parliament , he wrote a nightly sketch of proceedings there for the Pall Mall Gazette . He became Father of the House of Commons , with unbroken service of 49 years 215 days . The Irish Nationalist Party ceased to exist effectively after the Sinn Féin landslide of 1918 , and thereafter OConnor effectively sat as an independent . On 13 April 1920 , OConnor warned the House of Commons that the death on hunger strike of Thomas Ashe would galvanise opinion in Ireland and unite all Irishmen in opposition to British rule . OConnor founded and was the first editor of several newspapers and journals : The Star ( 1887 ) , the Weekly Sun ( 1891 ) , The Sun ( 1893 ) , M.A.P . and T.P.s Weekly ( 1902 ) . In August 1906 and as Father of the House , OConnor was instrumental in the passing by Parliament of The Copyright Law for Music Act 1906 , known as the T.P . OConnor Bill , following many of the popular music writers at the time dying in poverty due to extensive piracy by gangs during the piracy crisis of sheet music in the early 20th century . The gangs would often buy a copy of the music at full price , copy it , and resell it , often at half the price of the original . The film Ill Be Your Sweetheart ( 1945 ) , commissioned by the British Ministry of Information , is based on the events of the day.He was appointed as the second President of the Board of Film Censors in 1916 and appeared in front of the Cinema Commission of Inquiry ( 1916 ) , set up by the National Council of Public Morals where he outlined the BBFCs position on protecting public morals by listing forty-three infractions , from the BBFC 1913–1915 reports , on why scenes in a film may be cut . He was appointed to the Privy Council by the first Labour government in 1924 . He was also a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Journalists , the worlds oldest journalists organisation . It continues to honour him by having a T.P . OConnor charity fund . Publications . - Lord Beaconsfield – A Biography ( 1879 ) ; - The Parnell Movement ( 1886 ) ; - Gladstones House of Commons ; Napoleon ; The Phantom Millions ; - Memoirs of an Old Parliamentarian ( 1929 ) . Personal life . In 1885 , OConnor married Elizabeth Paschal , a daughter of a Judge of the Supreme Court of Texas . Death . He died in London on 18 November 1929 and is buried at St Marys Catholic Cemetery , Kensal Green in north-west London . He was the last Father of the House to die as a sitting MP until Sir Gerald Kaufman in 2017 . |
[
"Member of Parliament"
] | easy | T. P. O'Connor took which position from Dec 1923 to Oct 1924? | /wiki/T._P._O'Connor#P39#6 | T . P . OConnor Thomas Power OConnor ( 5 October 1848 – 18 November 1929 ) , known as T . P . OConnor and occasionally as Tay Pay ( mimicking his own pronunciation of the initials T . P. ) , was a journalist , an Irish nationalist political figure , and a Member of Parliament ( MP ) in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for nearly fifty years . Early life and education . OConnor was born in Athlone , County Westmeath , on 5 October 1848 . He was the eldest son of Thomas OConnor , an Athlone shopkeeper , and his wife Teresa Power , the daughter of a non-commissioned officer in the Connaught Rangers . He was educated at the College of the Immaculate Conception in Athlone , and Queens College Galway , where he won scholarships in history and modern languages and built up a reputation as an orator , serving as auditor of the colleges Literary and Debating Society . Career . OConnor entered journalism as a junior reporter on Saunders Newsletter , a Dublin journal , in 1867 . In 1870 , he moved to London , and was appointed a sub-editor on The Daily Telegraph , principally on account of the utility of his mastery of French and German in reportage of the Franco-Prussian War . He later became London correspondent for The New York Herald . He compiled the society magazine Mainly About People ( M.O.P. ) from 1898 to 1911 . OConnor was elected Member of Parliament for Galway Borough in the 1880 general election , as a representative of the Home Rule League ( which was under the leadership of William Shaw , though virtually led by Charles Stewart Parnell , who would win the partys leadership a short time later ) . At the next general election in 1885 , he was returned both for Galway and for the Liverpool Scotland constituencies , which had a large Irish population . He chose to sit for Liverpool , and represented that constituency in the House of Commons from 1885 until his death in 1929 . This was the only constituency outside the island of Ireland ever to return an Irish Nationalist Party MP . OConnor continued to be re-elected in Liverpool under this label unopposed in the 1918 , 1922 , 1923 , 1924 and 1929 general elections . From 1905 he belonged to the central leadership of the United Irish League . During much of his time in parliament , he wrote a nightly sketch of proceedings there for the Pall Mall Gazette . He became Father of the House of Commons , with unbroken service of 49 years 215 days . The Irish Nationalist Party ceased to exist effectively after the Sinn Féin landslide of 1918 , and thereafter OConnor effectively sat as an independent . On 13 April 1920 , OConnor warned the House of Commons that the death on hunger strike of Thomas Ashe would galvanise opinion in Ireland and unite all Irishmen in opposition to British rule . OConnor founded and was the first editor of several newspapers and journals : The Star ( 1887 ) , the Weekly Sun ( 1891 ) , The Sun ( 1893 ) , M.A.P . and T.P.s Weekly ( 1902 ) . In August 1906 and as Father of the House , OConnor was instrumental in the passing by Parliament of The Copyright Law for Music Act 1906 , known as the T.P . OConnor Bill , following many of the popular music writers at the time dying in poverty due to extensive piracy by gangs during the piracy crisis of sheet music in the early 20th century . The gangs would often buy a copy of the music at full price , copy it , and resell it , often at half the price of the original . The film Ill Be Your Sweetheart ( 1945 ) , commissioned by the British Ministry of Information , is based on the events of the day.He was appointed as the second President of the Board of Film Censors in 1916 and appeared in front of the Cinema Commission of Inquiry ( 1916 ) , set up by the National Council of Public Morals where he outlined the BBFCs position on protecting public morals by listing forty-three infractions , from the BBFC 1913–1915 reports , on why scenes in a film may be cut . He was appointed to the Privy Council by the first Labour government in 1924 . He was also a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Journalists , the worlds oldest journalists organisation . It continues to honour him by having a T.P . OConnor charity fund . Publications . - Lord Beaconsfield – A Biography ( 1879 ) ; - The Parnell Movement ( 1886 ) ; - Gladstones House of Commons ; Napoleon ; The Phantom Millions ; - Memoirs of an Old Parliamentarian ( 1929 ) . Personal life . In 1885 , OConnor married Elizabeth Paschal , a daughter of a Judge of the Supreme Court of Texas . Death . He died in London on 18 November 1929 and is buried at St Marys Catholic Cemetery , Kensal Green in north-west London . He was the last Father of the House to die as a sitting MP until Sir Gerald Kaufman in 2017 . |
[
"Member of Parliament",
"Privy Council"
] | easy | What was the position of T. P. O'Connor from Oct 1924 to May 1929? | /wiki/T._P._O'Connor#P39#7 | T . P . OConnor Thomas Power OConnor ( 5 October 1848 – 18 November 1929 ) , known as T . P . OConnor and occasionally as Tay Pay ( mimicking his own pronunciation of the initials T . P. ) , was a journalist , an Irish nationalist political figure , and a Member of Parliament ( MP ) in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for nearly fifty years . Early life and education . OConnor was born in Athlone , County Westmeath , on 5 October 1848 . He was the eldest son of Thomas OConnor , an Athlone shopkeeper , and his wife Teresa Power , the daughter of a non-commissioned officer in the Connaught Rangers . He was educated at the College of the Immaculate Conception in Athlone , and Queens College Galway , where he won scholarships in history and modern languages and built up a reputation as an orator , serving as auditor of the colleges Literary and Debating Society . Career . OConnor entered journalism as a junior reporter on Saunders Newsletter , a Dublin journal , in 1867 . In 1870 , he moved to London , and was appointed a sub-editor on The Daily Telegraph , principally on account of the utility of his mastery of French and German in reportage of the Franco-Prussian War . He later became London correspondent for The New York Herald . He compiled the society magazine Mainly About People ( M.O.P. ) from 1898 to 1911 . OConnor was elected Member of Parliament for Galway Borough in the 1880 general election , as a representative of the Home Rule League ( which was under the leadership of William Shaw , though virtually led by Charles Stewart Parnell , who would win the partys leadership a short time later ) . At the next general election in 1885 , he was returned both for Galway and for the Liverpool Scotland constituencies , which had a large Irish population . He chose to sit for Liverpool , and represented that constituency in the House of Commons from 1885 until his death in 1929 . This was the only constituency outside the island of Ireland ever to return an Irish Nationalist Party MP . OConnor continued to be re-elected in Liverpool under this label unopposed in the 1918 , 1922 , 1923 , 1924 and 1929 general elections . From 1905 he belonged to the central leadership of the United Irish League . During much of his time in parliament , he wrote a nightly sketch of proceedings there for the Pall Mall Gazette . He became Father of the House of Commons , with unbroken service of 49 years 215 days . The Irish Nationalist Party ceased to exist effectively after the Sinn Féin landslide of 1918 , and thereafter OConnor effectively sat as an independent . On 13 April 1920 , OConnor warned the House of Commons that the death on hunger strike of Thomas Ashe would galvanise opinion in Ireland and unite all Irishmen in opposition to British rule . OConnor founded and was the first editor of several newspapers and journals : The Star ( 1887 ) , the Weekly Sun ( 1891 ) , The Sun ( 1893 ) , M.A.P . and T.P.s Weekly ( 1902 ) . In August 1906 and as Father of the House , OConnor was instrumental in the passing by Parliament of The Copyright Law for Music Act 1906 , known as the T.P . OConnor Bill , following many of the popular music writers at the time dying in poverty due to extensive piracy by gangs during the piracy crisis of sheet music in the early 20th century . The gangs would often buy a copy of the music at full price , copy it , and resell it , often at half the price of the original . The film Ill Be Your Sweetheart ( 1945 ) , commissioned by the British Ministry of Information , is based on the events of the day.He was appointed as the second President of the Board of Film Censors in 1916 and appeared in front of the Cinema Commission of Inquiry ( 1916 ) , set up by the National Council of Public Morals where he outlined the BBFCs position on protecting public morals by listing forty-three infractions , from the BBFC 1913–1915 reports , on why scenes in a film may be cut . He was appointed to the Privy Council by the first Labour government in 1924 . He was also a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Journalists , the worlds oldest journalists organisation . It continues to honour him by having a T.P . OConnor charity fund . Publications . - Lord Beaconsfield – A Biography ( 1879 ) ; - The Parnell Movement ( 1886 ) ; - Gladstones House of Commons ; Napoleon ; The Phantom Millions ; - Memoirs of an Old Parliamentarian ( 1929 ) . Personal life . In 1885 , OConnor married Elizabeth Paschal , a daughter of a Judge of the Supreme Court of Texas . Death . He died in London on 18 November 1929 and is buried at St Marys Catholic Cemetery , Kensal Green in north-west London . He was the last Father of the House to die as a sitting MP until Sir Gerald Kaufman in 2017 . |
[
"Liberal Party of Australia"
] | easy | Which political party did Jacqui Lambie belong to from 2011 to 2012? | /wiki/Jacqui_Lambie#P102#0 | Jacqui Lambie Jacquiline Louise Lambie ( born 26 February 1971 ) is an Australian politician who is the leader and founder of the Jacqui Lambie Network ( JLN ) . She was a Senator for Tasmania from 2014 to 2017 , and was re-elected in 2019 . First elected as a member of the Palmer United Party ( PUP ) , she received national prominence for her intense grassroots campaign and subsequently her display of aggressive and vociferous parliamentary behaviour , championing issues concerning foreign affairs , veterans affairs , youth unemployment and the criticism of Islam . After persistent internal divisions , Lambie resigned from the PUP and sat as an independent before forming her own political party . Attempting to seek Liberal preselection after joining the party in 2011 , and previously working as a staff member of Labor senator Nick Sherry , Lambie joined the Palmer United Party ( PUP ) , led by Australian billionaire Clive Palmer . She was elected to the Senate at the 2013 federal election . Her term began in July 2014 . In November 2014 , Lambie resigned from the Palmer United Party to sit in the Senate as an independent . In May 2015 , Lambie formed the Jacqui Lambie Network political party with herself leader . She was elected to a six-year term in her own right at the 2016 federal election ( a double dissolution ) . In November 2017 , she was revealed to hold Australian-British dual citizenship , having inherited the British one from her Scottish-born father . As part of the parliamentary eligibility crisis , she announced her resignation on 14 November 2017 . After a recount , she was expected to be replaced by Devonport Mayor Steve Martin , who had been second on the JLN ticket in the 2016 federal election . He survived a challenge to his own eligibility , on a different constitutional ground , but refused to step down so as to create a casual Senate vacancy to which Lambie could be appointed . She expelled him from the party for disloyalty . Early life . Lambie was born in the town of Ulverstone in north-western Tasmania . Her parents separated when she was 13 , and she was raised in a public housing estate in Devonport , attending Devonport High School until she left at Year 11 . Military career , 1989–2000 . Australian Army ( 1989–2000 ) . Lambie enlisted in the Australian Army in 1989 . She completed her recruit training while unknowingly pregnant with her first child , a fact the army took four months to recognise . After basic training , she was assigned to the Royal Australian Corps of Transport in 1990 . She remained with the Transport Corps for five years before being transferred to the Royal Australian Corps of Military Police , where she worked for another five years , achieving the rank of Corporal . During a field exercise in July 1997 , Lambie sustained a back injury resulting in long-term detriments to her spine . After physiotherapy and medical interventions , she was unable to regain operational fitness and was discharged on medical grounds ( thoracic pain ) in 2000 . This prompted her to pursue a claim for a military pension from the Department of Veterans Affairs ( DVA ) . She has since been an advocate for veterans with the Returned and Services League of Australia and involved in fundraising with the Burnie Chamber of Commerce , the Country Womens Association and Rotary . Dispute with the Department of Veterans Affairs ( 2000–2006 ) . The Department of Veterans Affairs ( DVA ) initially rejected her application for compensation , but subsequently approved it and put her on a military disability pension . She later applied for compensation for depression related to her back pain , which was also initially rejected . The DVA hired a private investigation firm to conduct five hours of surveillance on her activities within her home . On the basis of this surveillance , the department concluded that she was a malingerer , cancelling her military pension and coverage of her medical care . Lambie fought the departments conclusion for five years , during which time she was accepted for a Centrelink disability pension . In 2006 , the Administrative Appeals Tribunal was about to rule on whether the video evidence was admissible in her case when DVA abandoned its use of the video and accepted that Lambie was entitled to compensation . The tribunals Deputy President , Justice Christopher Wright , concluded that it is likely that even greater improvement would have been achieved a long time ago if her medical treatments , which were initially funded by the respondent , had not been terminated in 2001 . Political career , 2008–2017 . Early political career ( 2008–2012 ) . Lambies political involvement began in 2008 when she began working for Tasmanian Labor senator Nick Sherry . In November 2011 , she joined the Liberal Party of Australia and later decided to run for preselection for the Division of Braddon . However she subsequently left the Liberal Party , saying that the Liberals are a boys club , and she joined to infiltrate them to see what she could learn about politics . In 2012 , Lambie sold her house to help fund her run as an independent , before turning to the newly formed Palmer United Party founded by billionaire Clive Palmer as she said I just didnt have the money like the big players did for advertising . Senate ( 2013–2017 , 2019– ) . In the 2013 federal election , Lambie won Tasmanias sixth Senate seat as a candidate for the Palmer United Party , receiving 6.58% of first preference votes . She has credited the final result of her win to the big man upstairs – referring not to Palmer , but to God : Once it gets to that point , its up to God upstairs . Theres not much else I can do about it . On 24 November 2014 , Lambie resigned from the Palmer United Party , announcing that she would remain in the Senate as an independent . Lambies resignation followed several weeks of disagreements with party leader Clive Palmer . In April 2015 , Lambie applied to register a political party called the Jacqui Lambie Network . In May 2015 , the party was registered with the Australian Electoral Commission , with Lambie as its leader . She was re-elected to the Senate in the 2016 Australian federal election under the banner of her own party , the Jacqui Lambie Network . On 14 November 2017 , Lambie announced her resignation from the Senate , after revealing she held both British and Australian nationality , prohibited under Section 44 of the Australian Constitution . She stated in her resignation that she wished to return to federal politics , and that if Justine Keay was forced to resign from her seat of Braddon over her citizenship status , that she would consider running , but did not nominate for the 2018 Braddon by-election . In 2018 , the High Court ruled that Devonport Mayor Steve Martin would replace Lambie as Senator of Tasmania . Lambie expected Martin to immediately resign , which would have cleared the way for her to be appointed to fill the resulting casual vacancy and return to the Senate . She claimed that personal morality and loyalty dictated that Martin stand down . A party spokesman contended that Tasmanians intended for Lambie to hold the seat , and there was an opportunity for that vote to be restored if Martin resigned . When Martin refused to do so , Lambie expelled him from the party . In a letter to Martin , Lambie accused him of failing to uphold the JLNs values of mateship , respect and integrity . She was re-elected to the Senate in the 2019 Australian federal election . In the midst of the debate of the government bill Ensuring Integrity Bill in Parliament , Lambie threatened to vote for the bill if John Setka , the secretary of the Victorian branch of Construction , Forestry , Maritime , Mining and Energy Union ( CFMEU ) , did not resign as head of the branch . She even invited Setka over to her Tasmanian home for Sunday roast , in a bid to convince Setka to resign . She eventually voted against the bill after her amendments were rejected by the government . Political views . Higher education . In 2020 , Lambie opposed the Liberal Partys university reform bill due to her belief it would harm the mental health and economic opportunities of low-income students . She made her position clear in when addressing the Senate , saying she would refuse to be the vote that tells poor kids out there … no matter how gifted , no matter how determined you are , you might as well dream a little cheaper , because youre never going to make it , because you cant afford it . Foreign policy and defence . In August 2014 , Lambie expressed her belief that China could invade Australia : If anybody thinks that we should have a national security and defence policy which ignores the threat of a Chinese Communist invasion – youre delusional and got rocks in your head .. . The Communist Chinese military capacity and level of threat to the western world democracies is at an unprecedented and historical high . Her comments incurred a rebuke from the Premier of Tasmania Will Hodgman . She later added Indonesia as a potential military threat . Lambie has made comments suggesting her support for potential reintroduction of national service , stating Its time to teach [ our youth ] some respect , loyalty and honour . In October 2015 she declared her opposition to the China–Australia Free Trade Agreement , saying she considers the Chinese government to be push [ ing ] totalitarian ideologies , anti-democratic and a bully , thief , liar and international human rights abuser . In October 2014 , Lambie stated in a radio interview with ABC Radio National that she liked Vladimir Putin , saying : I think he has very strong leadership . He has great values . Hes certainly doing his bit to stamp out terrorism and I guess youve got to pay the man for that . In February 2015 , Lambie called for the reintroduction of the death penalty for Australian citizens who leave the country to become foreign fighters . In October 2016 , she called for a pre-emptive pardon for any defence personnel accused of war crimes against the Taliban or Islamic State , on the grounds that Taliban and Islamic State fighters were not entitled to the protection of the rules of war or international human rights because of their subhuman behaviour and vile , disgusting culture and ideology . Islam . In September 2014 , Lambie announced plans to introduce a private members bill aimed at banning the burqa in Australia . However , constitutional expert Professor George Williams described the law as unworkable , it would frankly be a bit silly . She also attacked supporters of Islamic sharia law , describing them as maniacs and depraved humans who will not stop committing cold-blooded butchery and rapes until every woman in Australia wears a burka . However , when asked to explain her understanding of sharia law in an interview , she was unable to and instead said it obviously involves terrorism . According to ABC political reporter Andrew Greene , some commentators described the interview as a train wreck . In February 2017 , she introduced a private members bill which would amend the Criminal Code Act 1995 to make it illegal to wear full face coverings in public places when a terrorism threat declaration is in force , unless it was necessary for certain purposes . In January 2017 , she said that Australia should follow Donald Trumps lead in his order to restrict entry of citizens of certain Muslim-majority countries to the USA . She called for deporting from Australia all Muslims who supported Sharia law , as well as deporting everyone on the ASIO terror watch list , or at least charging them with treason or sedition . In an interview with ABC News in 2018 Lambie distanced herself from her previous views on Sharia law , stating they were divisive and influenced by a previous advisor that was really driving that in . Following her involvement in the TV show Go Back to Where You Came From in 2018 where she was placed in a Syrian warzone , Lambie shifted towards a pro-refugee stance , stating that the discussion [ about accepting more refugees ] needs to be on the political table . The Greens . In October 2013 she criticised the Australian Greens , accusing them of having destroyed all hope in Tasmania and saying that the party should be subject to a Senate inquiry over the states high unemployment rate . In July 2015 she likened The Greens to Islamic State in that both those groups would like us to go back and live in the dark ages .. . Theyd like us to go live back in caves with candles and eat tofu . In 2020 , Lambie worked alongside the Greens in criticising a bill that would weaken political donation laws . Raising alleged abuse within the army . In February 2016 , Lambie raised the matter of former soldiers who claim to have suffered abuse , calling for an inquiry into cover-ups and Lieutenant General David Morrisons involvement . Policies . Royal Commission into Veteran Suicide . In response to a Change.org petition organised by Julie-Ann Finney , whose son David Finney took his own life after a crippling battle with Post-Traumatic Stress injury , Lambie called for a Royal Commission into Veteran Suicide . the petition had over 400,000 signatures . On 5 February 2020 , the Morrison Government announced their intention to appoint a National Commissioner for Defence and Veteran Suicide Prevention to inquire into the deaths by suicide of serving and former ADF members . Lambie criticised the Governments plan in a Dissenting Report , noting that The families of veterans who have taken their own lives support a Royal Commission . The institutions who are being blamed for those suicides support a National Commissioner . Two bills related to the Commissioner were introduced into Parliament by the Attorney-General on 27 August 2020 , the National Commissioner for Defence and Veteran Suicide Prevention Bill 2020 , and the National Commissioner for Defence and Veteran Suicide Prevention ( Consequential Amendments ) Bill 2020 . Magistrate Bernadette Boss was appointed as the first ( interim ) National Commissioner for Defence and Veteran Suicide Prevention on 1 October 2020 . On 22 March 2021 both chambers of Parliament passed motions in support of the royal commission . On 19 April 2021 a Royal Commission into Defence and Veterans Suicide in Australia was established . Political donations . Jacqui Lambie introduced a Bill to the Australian Senate in February 2020 that proposes to tighten political donations laws . The bill seeks to amend current laws that permit political donations under $14,300 to not be disclosed . Lambie has proposed lowering this threshold to $2,500 . The bill also proposes to introduce electoral expenditure accounts for organisations that run political campaigns . This will compel parties and others to disclose the source of any money they spend on their electoral campaigns . Australian manufacturing . In early 2020 , Lambie started a campaign to support Australian manufacturing with concerns about Australias reliance on foreign imported products , she believes these concerns are a threat to Australias economic sovereignty ; magnified with the advent of COVID19 . Foreign interference . Lambie has said on her website It’s about time that the people in Parliament woke up to China’s attempts to infiltrate our economy and our democracy . Her concerns are echoed by Duncan Lewis , formerly the Director-General of Security at ASIO . There is ongoing debate over whether Liberal MP Gladys Lius ties to the Chinese Communist Party are appropriate , with the Labor party arguing she may not be fit and proper to sit as an MP . Personal life . Lambie is single , with two children . She gave birth to her first son Brentyn at age 18 in 1989 , the product of her relationship with a high school boyfriend , after her enlistment for the Army . She met John Milverton while working in the Royal Australian Corps of Transport . They began a de facto marriage , where Milverton formally adopted Brentyn , and also went on to have another son , Dylan , born in 1992 . Milverton and Lambie separated shortly before her discharge from the Army in 2000 . In August 2015 , she went public with her 21-year-old sons battle with methamphetamine addiction . She has also stated that she was addicted to pain medication and attempted suicide once . Lambie lives in the city of Burnie , on the North Coast of Tasmania . She has jokingly described her perfect man as having heaps of cash and a package between their legs . Her comments were met with much ire , and she later declared it to be her most embarrassing moment . In 2014 , Lambie described herself as Catholic ; Im religious — citing it as a reason for rejecting an invitation to visit a Sydney mosque . Aboriginal ancestry . In her first speech to Parliament in 2014 , Lambie stated that , through her mothers family , she shares blood , culture , and history with Aboriginal Australians , as a descendant of Mannalargenna , an Aboriginal Tasmanian leader . She later provided a family tree to Australian Story claiming descent from Margaret Briggs , a granddaughter of Mannalargenna who married into the Hite family . In 2002 , the Administrative Appeals Tribunal had ruled that descent from Margaret Briggs was sufficient to meet the Aboriginal ancestry requirements for ATSIC elections . However , Lambies claims of Indigenous descent have been questioned by several sources including Australian Story , the Tasmanian Pioneer Index , and members of the Aboriginal community in Tasmania . Clyde Mansell , chairman of the Aboriginal Land Council of Tasmania , stated they were absolutely outrageous and scandalous . Another Tasmanian elder , Roy Maynard , said that shes identified as Aboriginal , she’s got that right as far as I’m concerned , and criticised Mansell for doubting her claims . The Parliamentary Library of Australia includes Lambie on its list of Indigenous parliamentarians . External links . - Official Party website . - Summary of parliamentary voting for Senator Jacqui Lambie on TheyVoteForYou.org.au - Senator Jacqui Lambie profile , Parliament of Australia website . |
[
"Palmer United Party"
] | easy | Which party was Jacqui Lambie a member of from 2013 to Nov 2014? | /wiki/Jacqui_Lambie#P102#1 | Jacqui Lambie Jacquiline Louise Lambie ( born 26 February 1971 ) is an Australian politician who is the leader and founder of the Jacqui Lambie Network ( JLN ) . She was a Senator for Tasmania from 2014 to 2017 , and was re-elected in 2019 . First elected as a member of the Palmer United Party ( PUP ) , she received national prominence for her intense grassroots campaign and subsequently her display of aggressive and vociferous parliamentary behaviour , championing issues concerning foreign affairs , veterans affairs , youth unemployment and the criticism of Islam . After persistent internal divisions , Lambie resigned from the PUP and sat as an independent before forming her own political party . Attempting to seek Liberal preselection after joining the party in 2011 , and previously working as a staff member of Labor senator Nick Sherry , Lambie joined the Palmer United Party ( PUP ) , led by Australian billionaire Clive Palmer . She was elected to the Senate at the 2013 federal election . Her term began in July 2014 . In November 2014 , Lambie resigned from the Palmer United Party to sit in the Senate as an independent . In May 2015 , Lambie formed the Jacqui Lambie Network political party with herself leader . She was elected to a six-year term in her own right at the 2016 federal election ( a double dissolution ) . In November 2017 , she was revealed to hold Australian-British dual citizenship , having inherited the British one from her Scottish-born father . As part of the parliamentary eligibility crisis , she announced her resignation on 14 November 2017 . After a recount , she was expected to be replaced by Devonport Mayor Steve Martin , who had been second on the JLN ticket in the 2016 federal election . He survived a challenge to his own eligibility , on a different constitutional ground , but refused to step down so as to create a casual Senate vacancy to which Lambie could be appointed . She expelled him from the party for disloyalty . Early life . Lambie was born in the town of Ulverstone in north-western Tasmania . Her parents separated when she was 13 , and she was raised in a public housing estate in Devonport , attending Devonport High School until she left at Year 11 . Military career , 1989–2000 . Australian Army ( 1989–2000 ) . Lambie enlisted in the Australian Army in 1989 . She completed her recruit training while unknowingly pregnant with her first child , a fact the army took four months to recognise . After basic training , she was assigned to the Royal Australian Corps of Transport in 1990 . She remained with the Transport Corps for five years before being transferred to the Royal Australian Corps of Military Police , where she worked for another five years , achieving the rank of Corporal . During a field exercise in July 1997 , Lambie sustained a back injury resulting in long-term detriments to her spine . After physiotherapy and medical interventions , she was unable to regain operational fitness and was discharged on medical grounds ( thoracic pain ) in 2000 . This prompted her to pursue a claim for a military pension from the Department of Veterans Affairs ( DVA ) . She has since been an advocate for veterans with the Returned and Services League of Australia and involved in fundraising with the Burnie Chamber of Commerce , the Country Womens Association and Rotary . Dispute with the Department of Veterans Affairs ( 2000–2006 ) . The Department of Veterans Affairs ( DVA ) initially rejected her application for compensation , but subsequently approved it and put her on a military disability pension . She later applied for compensation for depression related to her back pain , which was also initially rejected . The DVA hired a private investigation firm to conduct five hours of surveillance on her activities within her home . On the basis of this surveillance , the department concluded that she was a malingerer , cancelling her military pension and coverage of her medical care . Lambie fought the departments conclusion for five years , during which time she was accepted for a Centrelink disability pension . In 2006 , the Administrative Appeals Tribunal was about to rule on whether the video evidence was admissible in her case when DVA abandoned its use of the video and accepted that Lambie was entitled to compensation . The tribunals Deputy President , Justice Christopher Wright , concluded that it is likely that even greater improvement would have been achieved a long time ago if her medical treatments , which were initially funded by the respondent , had not been terminated in 2001 . Political career , 2008–2017 . Early political career ( 2008–2012 ) . Lambies political involvement began in 2008 when she began working for Tasmanian Labor senator Nick Sherry . In November 2011 , she joined the Liberal Party of Australia and later decided to run for preselection for the Division of Braddon . However she subsequently left the Liberal Party , saying that the Liberals are a boys club , and she joined to infiltrate them to see what she could learn about politics . In 2012 , Lambie sold her house to help fund her run as an independent , before turning to the newly formed Palmer United Party founded by billionaire Clive Palmer as she said I just didnt have the money like the big players did for advertising . Senate ( 2013–2017 , 2019– ) . In the 2013 federal election , Lambie won Tasmanias sixth Senate seat as a candidate for the Palmer United Party , receiving 6.58% of first preference votes . She has credited the final result of her win to the big man upstairs – referring not to Palmer , but to God : Once it gets to that point , its up to God upstairs . Theres not much else I can do about it . On 24 November 2014 , Lambie resigned from the Palmer United Party , announcing that she would remain in the Senate as an independent . Lambies resignation followed several weeks of disagreements with party leader Clive Palmer . In April 2015 , Lambie applied to register a political party called the Jacqui Lambie Network . In May 2015 , the party was registered with the Australian Electoral Commission , with Lambie as its leader . She was re-elected to the Senate in the 2016 Australian federal election under the banner of her own party , the Jacqui Lambie Network . On 14 November 2017 , Lambie announced her resignation from the Senate , after revealing she held both British and Australian nationality , prohibited under Section 44 of the Australian Constitution . She stated in her resignation that she wished to return to federal politics , and that if Justine Keay was forced to resign from her seat of Braddon over her citizenship status , that she would consider running , but did not nominate for the 2018 Braddon by-election . In 2018 , the High Court ruled that Devonport Mayor Steve Martin would replace Lambie as Senator of Tasmania . Lambie expected Martin to immediately resign , which would have cleared the way for her to be appointed to fill the resulting casual vacancy and return to the Senate . She claimed that personal morality and loyalty dictated that Martin stand down . A party spokesman contended that Tasmanians intended for Lambie to hold the seat , and there was an opportunity for that vote to be restored if Martin resigned . When Martin refused to do so , Lambie expelled him from the party . In a letter to Martin , Lambie accused him of failing to uphold the JLNs values of mateship , respect and integrity . She was re-elected to the Senate in the 2019 Australian federal election . In the midst of the debate of the government bill Ensuring Integrity Bill in Parliament , Lambie threatened to vote for the bill if John Setka , the secretary of the Victorian branch of Construction , Forestry , Maritime , Mining and Energy Union ( CFMEU ) , did not resign as head of the branch . She even invited Setka over to her Tasmanian home for Sunday roast , in a bid to convince Setka to resign . She eventually voted against the bill after her amendments were rejected by the government . Political views . Higher education . In 2020 , Lambie opposed the Liberal Partys university reform bill due to her belief it would harm the mental health and economic opportunities of low-income students . She made her position clear in when addressing the Senate , saying she would refuse to be the vote that tells poor kids out there … no matter how gifted , no matter how determined you are , you might as well dream a little cheaper , because youre never going to make it , because you cant afford it . Foreign policy and defence . In August 2014 , Lambie expressed her belief that China could invade Australia : If anybody thinks that we should have a national security and defence policy which ignores the threat of a Chinese Communist invasion – youre delusional and got rocks in your head .. . The Communist Chinese military capacity and level of threat to the western world democracies is at an unprecedented and historical high . Her comments incurred a rebuke from the Premier of Tasmania Will Hodgman . She later added Indonesia as a potential military threat . Lambie has made comments suggesting her support for potential reintroduction of national service , stating Its time to teach [ our youth ] some respect , loyalty and honour . In October 2015 she declared her opposition to the China–Australia Free Trade Agreement , saying she considers the Chinese government to be push [ ing ] totalitarian ideologies , anti-democratic and a bully , thief , liar and international human rights abuser . In October 2014 , Lambie stated in a radio interview with ABC Radio National that she liked Vladimir Putin , saying : I think he has very strong leadership . He has great values . Hes certainly doing his bit to stamp out terrorism and I guess youve got to pay the man for that . In February 2015 , Lambie called for the reintroduction of the death penalty for Australian citizens who leave the country to become foreign fighters . In October 2016 , she called for a pre-emptive pardon for any defence personnel accused of war crimes against the Taliban or Islamic State , on the grounds that Taliban and Islamic State fighters were not entitled to the protection of the rules of war or international human rights because of their subhuman behaviour and vile , disgusting culture and ideology . Islam . In September 2014 , Lambie announced plans to introduce a private members bill aimed at banning the burqa in Australia . However , constitutional expert Professor George Williams described the law as unworkable , it would frankly be a bit silly . She also attacked supporters of Islamic sharia law , describing them as maniacs and depraved humans who will not stop committing cold-blooded butchery and rapes until every woman in Australia wears a burka . However , when asked to explain her understanding of sharia law in an interview , she was unable to and instead said it obviously involves terrorism . According to ABC political reporter Andrew Greene , some commentators described the interview as a train wreck . In February 2017 , she introduced a private members bill which would amend the Criminal Code Act 1995 to make it illegal to wear full face coverings in public places when a terrorism threat declaration is in force , unless it was necessary for certain purposes . In January 2017 , she said that Australia should follow Donald Trumps lead in his order to restrict entry of citizens of certain Muslim-majority countries to the USA . She called for deporting from Australia all Muslims who supported Sharia law , as well as deporting everyone on the ASIO terror watch list , or at least charging them with treason or sedition . In an interview with ABC News in 2018 Lambie distanced herself from her previous views on Sharia law , stating they were divisive and influenced by a previous advisor that was really driving that in . Following her involvement in the TV show Go Back to Where You Came From in 2018 where she was placed in a Syrian warzone , Lambie shifted towards a pro-refugee stance , stating that the discussion [ about accepting more refugees ] needs to be on the political table . The Greens . In October 2013 she criticised the Australian Greens , accusing them of having destroyed all hope in Tasmania and saying that the party should be subject to a Senate inquiry over the states high unemployment rate . In July 2015 she likened The Greens to Islamic State in that both those groups would like us to go back and live in the dark ages .. . Theyd like us to go live back in caves with candles and eat tofu . In 2020 , Lambie worked alongside the Greens in criticising a bill that would weaken political donation laws . Raising alleged abuse within the army . In February 2016 , Lambie raised the matter of former soldiers who claim to have suffered abuse , calling for an inquiry into cover-ups and Lieutenant General David Morrisons involvement . Policies . Royal Commission into Veteran Suicide . In response to a Change.org petition organised by Julie-Ann Finney , whose son David Finney took his own life after a crippling battle with Post-Traumatic Stress injury , Lambie called for a Royal Commission into Veteran Suicide . the petition had over 400,000 signatures . On 5 February 2020 , the Morrison Government announced their intention to appoint a National Commissioner for Defence and Veteran Suicide Prevention to inquire into the deaths by suicide of serving and former ADF members . Lambie criticised the Governments plan in a Dissenting Report , noting that The families of veterans who have taken their own lives support a Royal Commission . The institutions who are being blamed for those suicides support a National Commissioner . Two bills related to the Commissioner were introduced into Parliament by the Attorney-General on 27 August 2020 , the National Commissioner for Defence and Veteran Suicide Prevention Bill 2020 , and the National Commissioner for Defence and Veteran Suicide Prevention ( Consequential Amendments ) Bill 2020 . Magistrate Bernadette Boss was appointed as the first ( interim ) National Commissioner for Defence and Veteran Suicide Prevention on 1 October 2020 . On 22 March 2021 both chambers of Parliament passed motions in support of the royal commission . On 19 April 2021 a Royal Commission into Defence and Veterans Suicide in Australia was established . Political donations . Jacqui Lambie introduced a Bill to the Australian Senate in February 2020 that proposes to tighten political donations laws . The bill seeks to amend current laws that permit political donations under $14,300 to not be disclosed . Lambie has proposed lowering this threshold to $2,500 . The bill also proposes to introduce electoral expenditure accounts for organisations that run political campaigns . This will compel parties and others to disclose the source of any money they spend on their electoral campaigns . Australian manufacturing . In early 2020 , Lambie started a campaign to support Australian manufacturing with concerns about Australias reliance on foreign imported products , she believes these concerns are a threat to Australias economic sovereignty ; magnified with the advent of COVID19 . Foreign interference . Lambie has said on her website It’s about time that the people in Parliament woke up to China’s attempts to infiltrate our economy and our democracy . Her concerns are echoed by Duncan Lewis , formerly the Director-General of Security at ASIO . There is ongoing debate over whether Liberal MP Gladys Lius ties to the Chinese Communist Party are appropriate , with the Labor party arguing she may not be fit and proper to sit as an MP . Personal life . Lambie is single , with two children . She gave birth to her first son Brentyn at age 18 in 1989 , the product of her relationship with a high school boyfriend , after her enlistment for the Army . She met John Milverton while working in the Royal Australian Corps of Transport . They began a de facto marriage , where Milverton formally adopted Brentyn , and also went on to have another son , Dylan , born in 1992 . Milverton and Lambie separated shortly before her discharge from the Army in 2000 . In August 2015 , she went public with her 21-year-old sons battle with methamphetamine addiction . She has also stated that she was addicted to pain medication and attempted suicide once . Lambie lives in the city of Burnie , on the North Coast of Tasmania . She has jokingly described her perfect man as having heaps of cash and a package between their legs . Her comments were met with much ire , and she later declared it to be her most embarrassing moment . In 2014 , Lambie described herself as Catholic ; Im religious — citing it as a reason for rejecting an invitation to visit a Sydney mosque . Aboriginal ancestry . In her first speech to Parliament in 2014 , Lambie stated that , through her mothers family , she shares blood , culture , and history with Aboriginal Australians , as a descendant of Mannalargenna , an Aboriginal Tasmanian leader . She later provided a family tree to Australian Story claiming descent from Margaret Briggs , a granddaughter of Mannalargenna who married into the Hite family . In 2002 , the Administrative Appeals Tribunal had ruled that descent from Margaret Briggs was sufficient to meet the Aboriginal ancestry requirements for ATSIC elections . However , Lambies claims of Indigenous descent have been questioned by several sources including Australian Story , the Tasmanian Pioneer Index , and members of the Aboriginal community in Tasmania . Clyde Mansell , chairman of the Aboriginal Land Council of Tasmania , stated they were absolutely outrageous and scandalous . Another Tasmanian elder , Roy Maynard , said that shes identified as Aboriginal , she’s got that right as far as I’m concerned , and criticised Mansell for doubting her claims . The Parliamentary Library of Australia includes Lambie on its list of Indigenous parliamentarians . External links . - Official Party website . - Summary of parliamentary voting for Senator Jacqui Lambie on TheyVoteForYou.org.au - Senator Jacqui Lambie profile , Parliament of Australia website . |
[
"Jacqui Lambie Network"
] | easy | Which political party did Jacqui Lambie belong to from May 2015 to May 2016? | /wiki/Jacqui_Lambie#P102#2 | Jacqui Lambie Jacquiline Louise Lambie ( born 26 February 1971 ) is an Australian politician who is the leader and founder of the Jacqui Lambie Network ( JLN ) . She was a Senator for Tasmania from 2014 to 2017 , and was re-elected in 2019 . First elected as a member of the Palmer United Party ( PUP ) , she received national prominence for her intense grassroots campaign and subsequently her display of aggressive and vociferous parliamentary behaviour , championing issues concerning foreign affairs , veterans affairs , youth unemployment and the criticism of Islam . After persistent internal divisions , Lambie resigned from the PUP and sat as an independent before forming her own political party . Attempting to seek Liberal preselection after joining the party in 2011 , and previously working as a staff member of Labor senator Nick Sherry , Lambie joined the Palmer United Party ( PUP ) , led by Australian billionaire Clive Palmer . She was elected to the Senate at the 2013 federal election . Her term began in July 2014 . In November 2014 , Lambie resigned from the Palmer United Party to sit in the Senate as an independent . In May 2015 , Lambie formed the Jacqui Lambie Network political party with herself leader . She was elected to a six-year term in her own right at the 2016 federal election ( a double dissolution ) . In November 2017 , she was revealed to hold Australian-British dual citizenship , having inherited the British one from her Scottish-born father . As part of the parliamentary eligibility crisis , she announced her resignation on 14 November 2017 . After a recount , she was expected to be replaced by Devonport Mayor Steve Martin , who had been second on the JLN ticket in the 2016 federal election . He survived a challenge to his own eligibility , on a different constitutional ground , but refused to step down so as to create a casual Senate vacancy to which Lambie could be appointed . She expelled him from the party for disloyalty . Early life . Lambie was born in the town of Ulverstone in north-western Tasmania . Her parents separated when she was 13 , and she was raised in a public housing estate in Devonport , attending Devonport High School until she left at Year 11 . Military career , 1989–2000 . Australian Army ( 1989–2000 ) . Lambie enlisted in the Australian Army in 1989 . She completed her recruit training while unknowingly pregnant with her first child , a fact the army took four months to recognise . After basic training , she was assigned to the Royal Australian Corps of Transport in 1990 . She remained with the Transport Corps for five years before being transferred to the Royal Australian Corps of Military Police , where she worked for another five years , achieving the rank of Corporal . During a field exercise in July 1997 , Lambie sustained a back injury resulting in long-term detriments to her spine . After physiotherapy and medical interventions , she was unable to regain operational fitness and was discharged on medical grounds ( thoracic pain ) in 2000 . This prompted her to pursue a claim for a military pension from the Department of Veterans Affairs ( DVA ) . She has since been an advocate for veterans with the Returned and Services League of Australia and involved in fundraising with the Burnie Chamber of Commerce , the Country Womens Association and Rotary . Dispute with the Department of Veterans Affairs ( 2000–2006 ) . The Department of Veterans Affairs ( DVA ) initially rejected her application for compensation , but subsequently approved it and put her on a military disability pension . She later applied for compensation for depression related to her back pain , which was also initially rejected . The DVA hired a private investigation firm to conduct five hours of surveillance on her activities within her home . On the basis of this surveillance , the department concluded that she was a malingerer , cancelling her military pension and coverage of her medical care . Lambie fought the departments conclusion for five years , during which time she was accepted for a Centrelink disability pension . In 2006 , the Administrative Appeals Tribunal was about to rule on whether the video evidence was admissible in her case when DVA abandoned its use of the video and accepted that Lambie was entitled to compensation . The tribunals Deputy President , Justice Christopher Wright , concluded that it is likely that even greater improvement would have been achieved a long time ago if her medical treatments , which were initially funded by the respondent , had not been terminated in 2001 . Political career , 2008–2017 . Early political career ( 2008–2012 ) . Lambies political involvement began in 2008 when she began working for Tasmanian Labor senator Nick Sherry . In November 2011 , she joined the Liberal Party of Australia and later decided to run for preselection for the Division of Braddon . However she subsequently left the Liberal Party , saying that the Liberals are a boys club , and she joined to infiltrate them to see what she could learn about politics . In 2012 , Lambie sold her house to help fund her run as an independent , before turning to the newly formed Palmer United Party founded by billionaire Clive Palmer as she said I just didnt have the money like the big players did for advertising . Senate ( 2013–2017 , 2019– ) . In the 2013 federal election , Lambie won Tasmanias sixth Senate seat as a candidate for the Palmer United Party , receiving 6.58% of first preference votes . She has credited the final result of her win to the big man upstairs – referring not to Palmer , but to God : Once it gets to that point , its up to God upstairs . Theres not much else I can do about it . On 24 November 2014 , Lambie resigned from the Palmer United Party , announcing that she would remain in the Senate as an independent . Lambies resignation followed several weeks of disagreements with party leader Clive Palmer . In April 2015 , Lambie applied to register a political party called the Jacqui Lambie Network . In May 2015 , the party was registered with the Australian Electoral Commission , with Lambie as its leader . She was re-elected to the Senate in the 2016 Australian federal election under the banner of her own party , the Jacqui Lambie Network . On 14 November 2017 , Lambie announced her resignation from the Senate , after revealing she held both British and Australian nationality , prohibited under Section 44 of the Australian Constitution . She stated in her resignation that she wished to return to federal politics , and that if Justine Keay was forced to resign from her seat of Braddon over her citizenship status , that she would consider running , but did not nominate for the 2018 Braddon by-election . In 2018 , the High Court ruled that Devonport Mayor Steve Martin would replace Lambie as Senator of Tasmania . Lambie expected Martin to immediately resign , which would have cleared the way for her to be appointed to fill the resulting casual vacancy and return to the Senate . She claimed that personal morality and loyalty dictated that Martin stand down . A party spokesman contended that Tasmanians intended for Lambie to hold the seat , and there was an opportunity for that vote to be restored if Martin resigned . When Martin refused to do so , Lambie expelled him from the party . In a letter to Martin , Lambie accused him of failing to uphold the JLNs values of mateship , respect and integrity . She was re-elected to the Senate in the 2019 Australian federal election . In the midst of the debate of the government bill Ensuring Integrity Bill in Parliament , Lambie threatened to vote for the bill if John Setka , the secretary of the Victorian branch of Construction , Forestry , Maritime , Mining and Energy Union ( CFMEU ) , did not resign as head of the branch . She even invited Setka over to her Tasmanian home for Sunday roast , in a bid to convince Setka to resign . She eventually voted against the bill after her amendments were rejected by the government . Political views . Higher education . In 2020 , Lambie opposed the Liberal Partys university reform bill due to her belief it would harm the mental health and economic opportunities of low-income students . She made her position clear in when addressing the Senate , saying she would refuse to be the vote that tells poor kids out there … no matter how gifted , no matter how determined you are , you might as well dream a little cheaper , because youre never going to make it , because you cant afford it . Foreign policy and defence . In August 2014 , Lambie expressed her belief that China could invade Australia : If anybody thinks that we should have a national security and defence policy which ignores the threat of a Chinese Communist invasion – youre delusional and got rocks in your head .. . The Communist Chinese military capacity and level of threat to the western world democracies is at an unprecedented and historical high . Her comments incurred a rebuke from the Premier of Tasmania Will Hodgman . She later added Indonesia as a potential military threat . Lambie has made comments suggesting her support for potential reintroduction of national service , stating Its time to teach [ our youth ] some respect , loyalty and honour . In October 2015 she declared her opposition to the China–Australia Free Trade Agreement , saying she considers the Chinese government to be push [ ing ] totalitarian ideologies , anti-democratic and a bully , thief , liar and international human rights abuser . In October 2014 , Lambie stated in a radio interview with ABC Radio National that she liked Vladimir Putin , saying : I think he has very strong leadership . He has great values . Hes certainly doing his bit to stamp out terrorism and I guess youve got to pay the man for that . In February 2015 , Lambie called for the reintroduction of the death penalty for Australian citizens who leave the country to become foreign fighters . In October 2016 , she called for a pre-emptive pardon for any defence personnel accused of war crimes against the Taliban or Islamic State , on the grounds that Taliban and Islamic State fighters were not entitled to the protection of the rules of war or international human rights because of their subhuman behaviour and vile , disgusting culture and ideology . Islam . In September 2014 , Lambie announced plans to introduce a private members bill aimed at banning the burqa in Australia . However , constitutional expert Professor George Williams described the law as unworkable , it would frankly be a bit silly . She also attacked supporters of Islamic sharia law , describing them as maniacs and depraved humans who will not stop committing cold-blooded butchery and rapes until every woman in Australia wears a burka . However , when asked to explain her understanding of sharia law in an interview , she was unable to and instead said it obviously involves terrorism . According to ABC political reporter Andrew Greene , some commentators described the interview as a train wreck . In February 2017 , she introduced a private members bill which would amend the Criminal Code Act 1995 to make it illegal to wear full face coverings in public places when a terrorism threat declaration is in force , unless it was necessary for certain purposes . In January 2017 , she said that Australia should follow Donald Trumps lead in his order to restrict entry of citizens of certain Muslim-majority countries to the USA . She called for deporting from Australia all Muslims who supported Sharia law , as well as deporting everyone on the ASIO terror watch list , or at least charging them with treason or sedition . In an interview with ABC News in 2018 Lambie distanced herself from her previous views on Sharia law , stating they were divisive and influenced by a previous advisor that was really driving that in . Following her involvement in the TV show Go Back to Where You Came From in 2018 where she was placed in a Syrian warzone , Lambie shifted towards a pro-refugee stance , stating that the discussion [ about accepting more refugees ] needs to be on the political table . The Greens . In October 2013 she criticised the Australian Greens , accusing them of having destroyed all hope in Tasmania and saying that the party should be subject to a Senate inquiry over the states high unemployment rate . In July 2015 she likened The Greens to Islamic State in that both those groups would like us to go back and live in the dark ages .. . Theyd like us to go live back in caves with candles and eat tofu . In 2020 , Lambie worked alongside the Greens in criticising a bill that would weaken political donation laws . Raising alleged abuse within the army . In February 2016 , Lambie raised the matter of former soldiers who claim to have suffered abuse , calling for an inquiry into cover-ups and Lieutenant General David Morrisons involvement . Policies . Royal Commission into Veteran Suicide . In response to a Change.org petition organised by Julie-Ann Finney , whose son David Finney took his own life after a crippling battle with Post-Traumatic Stress injury , Lambie called for a Royal Commission into Veteran Suicide . the petition had over 400,000 signatures . On 5 February 2020 , the Morrison Government announced their intention to appoint a National Commissioner for Defence and Veteran Suicide Prevention to inquire into the deaths by suicide of serving and former ADF members . Lambie criticised the Governments plan in a Dissenting Report , noting that The families of veterans who have taken their own lives support a Royal Commission . The institutions who are being blamed for those suicides support a National Commissioner . Two bills related to the Commissioner were introduced into Parliament by the Attorney-General on 27 August 2020 , the National Commissioner for Defence and Veteran Suicide Prevention Bill 2020 , and the National Commissioner for Defence and Veteran Suicide Prevention ( Consequential Amendments ) Bill 2020 . Magistrate Bernadette Boss was appointed as the first ( interim ) National Commissioner for Defence and Veteran Suicide Prevention on 1 October 2020 . On 22 March 2021 both chambers of Parliament passed motions in support of the royal commission . On 19 April 2021 a Royal Commission into Defence and Veterans Suicide in Australia was established . Political donations . Jacqui Lambie introduced a Bill to the Australian Senate in February 2020 that proposes to tighten political donations laws . The bill seeks to amend current laws that permit political donations under $14,300 to not be disclosed . Lambie has proposed lowering this threshold to $2,500 . The bill also proposes to introduce electoral expenditure accounts for organisations that run political campaigns . This will compel parties and others to disclose the source of any money they spend on their electoral campaigns . Australian manufacturing . In early 2020 , Lambie started a campaign to support Australian manufacturing with concerns about Australias reliance on foreign imported products , she believes these concerns are a threat to Australias economic sovereignty ; magnified with the advent of COVID19 . Foreign interference . Lambie has said on her website It’s about time that the people in Parliament woke up to China’s attempts to infiltrate our economy and our democracy . Her concerns are echoed by Duncan Lewis , formerly the Director-General of Security at ASIO . There is ongoing debate over whether Liberal MP Gladys Lius ties to the Chinese Communist Party are appropriate , with the Labor party arguing she may not be fit and proper to sit as an MP . Personal life . Lambie is single , with two children . She gave birth to her first son Brentyn at age 18 in 1989 , the product of her relationship with a high school boyfriend , after her enlistment for the Army . She met John Milverton while working in the Royal Australian Corps of Transport . They began a de facto marriage , where Milverton formally adopted Brentyn , and also went on to have another son , Dylan , born in 1992 . Milverton and Lambie separated shortly before her discharge from the Army in 2000 . In August 2015 , she went public with her 21-year-old sons battle with methamphetamine addiction . She has also stated that she was addicted to pain medication and attempted suicide once . Lambie lives in the city of Burnie , on the North Coast of Tasmania . She has jokingly described her perfect man as having heaps of cash and a package between their legs . Her comments were met with much ire , and she later declared it to be her most embarrassing moment . In 2014 , Lambie described herself as Catholic ; Im religious — citing it as a reason for rejecting an invitation to visit a Sydney mosque . Aboriginal ancestry . In her first speech to Parliament in 2014 , Lambie stated that , through her mothers family , she shares blood , culture , and history with Aboriginal Australians , as a descendant of Mannalargenna , an Aboriginal Tasmanian leader . She later provided a family tree to Australian Story claiming descent from Margaret Briggs , a granddaughter of Mannalargenna who married into the Hite family . In 2002 , the Administrative Appeals Tribunal had ruled that descent from Margaret Briggs was sufficient to meet the Aboriginal ancestry requirements for ATSIC elections . However , Lambies claims of Indigenous descent have been questioned by several sources including Australian Story , the Tasmanian Pioneer Index , and members of the Aboriginal community in Tasmania . Clyde Mansell , chairman of the Aboriginal Land Council of Tasmania , stated they were absolutely outrageous and scandalous . Another Tasmanian elder , Roy Maynard , said that shes identified as Aboriginal , she’s got that right as far as I’m concerned , and criticised Mansell for doubting her claims . The Parliamentary Library of Australia includes Lambie on its list of Indigenous parliamentarians . External links . - Official Party website . - Summary of parliamentary voting for Senator Jacqui Lambie on TheyVoteForYou.org.au - Senator Jacqui Lambie profile , Parliament of Australia website . |
[
"York Suburban Senior High School"
] | easy | Todd Russell Platts went to which school from 1979 to 1980? | /wiki/Todd_Russell_Platts#P69#0 | Todd Russell Platts Todd Russell Platts ( born March 5 , 1962 ) is an American attorney and Republican Party politician who serves as a Judge on the York County Court of Common Pleas and is a former U.S . Representative for , serving from 2001 to 2013 . The district , since redrawn and renumbered , encompassed south-central Pennsylvania , including all of York and Adams Counties , and a large portion of Cumberland County . York , Hanover , Gettysburg and Carlisle were some of the prominent cities and towns included . In January 2012 , Platts announced his intention to retire from Congress . Early life and education . Platts was born in York , Pennsylvania , on March 5 , 1962 . He graduated from York Suburban Senior High School in 1980 . He continued his education locally , graduating summa cum laude with a Bachelor of Science degree in Public Administration from Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania in 1984 . He then attended Pepperdine University School of Law , and graduated cum laude with a Juris Doctor degree in 1991 . Pennsylvania House of Representatives . Platts was first elected to public office in November 1992 , to represent the 196th legislative district in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives . The election marked the first time that the 196th district was fought on its present boundaries ; following the 1990 census , the approved legislative reapportionment plan moved it out of Philadelphia , and into its present boundaries . He took office on January 5 , 1993 , and left on November 30 , 2000 . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . While in Congress , Platts refused to accept contributions from any special interests or political action committees . He also promised to serve only six terms ( 12 years ) in the House . - 2000 Platts was elected to the U.S . House of Representatives in 2000 , after winning a little over half the vote in a crowded Republican primary , and easily defeating college professor Jeff Sanders , the Democratic nominee , in the general election . He replaced Congressman Bill Goodling , who chose not to run for re-election that year . - 2002–2006 Platts ran unopposed by the Democratic Party during the 2002 and 2004 elections , although in 2002 , he faced opposition in the Republican primary , most notably from Tom Glennon . He faced York College professor and decorated Vietnam Veteran Phil Avillo , Jr. , the Democratic nominee , and Derf Maitland of the Green Party in the 2006 election . Platts won 64% of the vote to Avillos 33% and Maitlands 3% . - 2008 - United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania , 2008#District 19 In 2008 , Platts and Avillo faced off again . With 67% of the vote , Platts became the most electorally successful Republican Congressional candidate in the Northeast . - 2010 - United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania , 2010#District 19 Platts was challenged by Democratic nominee Ryan Sanders and Independent Patriots nominee Joshua Monighan . Platts was re-elected to a sixth term with 72% of the vote . Tenure . As a Congressman , Platts supported many of President George W . Bushs initiatives , tax cuts , drilling in ANWR , the Medicare Prescription Drug Plan , the Iraq War , and a ban on same-sex marriage . He opposed any version of Bushs school voucher proposal , supported offshore oil drilling , supported increasing government regulated fuel efficiency standards for automobiles , voted for the Matthew Shepard Act , a hate crimes prevention bill , and supported the McCain-Feingold campaign finance legislation . In 2006 , the National Journal political index describes him as having a moderate voting record despite the relatively conservative nature of his district , although the district does include some exurbs of Baltimore , Maryland . That journal gave him conservative ratings of 53% ( economy ) , 65% ( social issues ) and 73% ( foreign policy ) in the 2004 congress . Platts district went 64–36 for Bush in 2004 . He has broken with his party on several issues , for example supporting President Obamas expansion of SCHIP and the Edward M . Kennedy Serve America Act . He is a member of the Republican Main Street Partnership and supports stem-cell research . Early in his political career , after his initial election to the Pennsylvania House , Platts supported abortion rights . However , he later changed his views and became anti-abortion . He remains so to this day , and he has a pro-life voting record as a Congressman . Platts consistently voted against bail-outs of the financial industry and the automakers . He also voted against the economic stimulus legislation , the fiscal year 2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act , and fiscal year 2010 Budget Resolution . Platts was one of fifteen Republican House members to vote in favor of repealing the United States militarys Dont Ask , Dont Tell ban on openly gay service members . Along with nearly all other Republican members of the US House of Representatives , Mr . Platts voted to support The Path to Prosperity , the budget put forward by U.S . Representative Paul Ryan ( R-WI ) . However , the next year he joined nine other Republicans in voting against Rep . Ryans budget . Committee assignments . - Caucus Memberships - Congressional Arts Caucus Post-congressional career . In 2013 , Platts announced that he was running for a seat on the York County Court of Common Pleas . In a poll conducted by the York County Bar Association , 77% of its members responded that they believed Platts to be not qualified to serve on the bench . Platts and incumbent judge Mike Flannelly , also a Republican , who was appointed to the seat in 2012 following the death of Judge Chuck Patterson , both cross-filed to run in both the Democratic and Republican primary elections . Platts won the Republican primary 56%–44% , while Flannelly won the Democratic primary by the same margin . Platts and Flannelly faced each other again in the general election in November , which Platts won with 58% of the vote , to serve a ten-year term . External links . - Congressman Todd Russell Platts official U.S . House website - Todd Platts for U.S . Congress official campaign website - Profile at SourceWatch |
[
"York Suburban Senior High School",
"Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania"
] | easy | Which school did Todd Russell Platts go to in 1980? | /wiki/Todd_Russell_Platts#P69#1 | Todd Russell Platts Todd Russell Platts ( born March 5 , 1962 ) is an American attorney and Republican Party politician who serves as a Judge on the York County Court of Common Pleas and is a former U.S . Representative for , serving from 2001 to 2013 . The district , since redrawn and renumbered , encompassed south-central Pennsylvania , including all of York and Adams Counties , and a large portion of Cumberland County . York , Hanover , Gettysburg and Carlisle were some of the prominent cities and towns included . In January 2012 , Platts announced his intention to retire from Congress . Early life and education . Platts was born in York , Pennsylvania , on March 5 , 1962 . He graduated from York Suburban Senior High School in 1980 . He continued his education locally , graduating summa cum laude with a Bachelor of Science degree in Public Administration from Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania in 1984 . He then attended Pepperdine University School of Law , and graduated cum laude with a Juris Doctor degree in 1991 . Pennsylvania House of Representatives . Platts was first elected to public office in November 1992 , to represent the 196th legislative district in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives . The election marked the first time that the 196th district was fought on its present boundaries ; following the 1990 census , the approved legislative reapportionment plan moved it out of Philadelphia , and into its present boundaries . He took office on January 5 , 1993 , and left on November 30 , 2000 . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . While in Congress , Platts refused to accept contributions from any special interests or political action committees . He also promised to serve only six terms ( 12 years ) in the House . - 2000 Platts was elected to the U.S . House of Representatives in 2000 , after winning a little over half the vote in a crowded Republican primary , and easily defeating college professor Jeff Sanders , the Democratic nominee , in the general election . He replaced Congressman Bill Goodling , who chose not to run for re-election that year . - 2002–2006 Platts ran unopposed by the Democratic Party during the 2002 and 2004 elections , although in 2002 , he faced opposition in the Republican primary , most notably from Tom Glennon . He faced York College professor and decorated Vietnam Veteran Phil Avillo , Jr. , the Democratic nominee , and Derf Maitland of the Green Party in the 2006 election . Platts won 64% of the vote to Avillos 33% and Maitlands 3% . - 2008 - United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania , 2008#District 19 In 2008 , Platts and Avillo faced off again . With 67% of the vote , Platts became the most electorally successful Republican Congressional candidate in the Northeast . - 2010 - United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania , 2010#District 19 Platts was challenged by Democratic nominee Ryan Sanders and Independent Patriots nominee Joshua Monighan . Platts was re-elected to a sixth term with 72% of the vote . Tenure . As a Congressman , Platts supported many of President George W . Bushs initiatives , tax cuts , drilling in ANWR , the Medicare Prescription Drug Plan , the Iraq War , and a ban on same-sex marriage . He opposed any version of Bushs school voucher proposal , supported offshore oil drilling , supported increasing government regulated fuel efficiency standards for automobiles , voted for the Matthew Shepard Act , a hate crimes prevention bill , and supported the McCain-Feingold campaign finance legislation . In 2006 , the National Journal political index describes him as having a moderate voting record despite the relatively conservative nature of his district , although the district does include some exurbs of Baltimore , Maryland . That journal gave him conservative ratings of 53% ( economy ) , 65% ( social issues ) and 73% ( foreign policy ) in the 2004 congress . Platts district went 64–36 for Bush in 2004 . He has broken with his party on several issues , for example supporting President Obamas expansion of SCHIP and the Edward M . Kennedy Serve America Act . He is a member of the Republican Main Street Partnership and supports stem-cell research . Early in his political career , after his initial election to the Pennsylvania House , Platts supported abortion rights . However , he later changed his views and became anti-abortion . He remains so to this day , and he has a pro-life voting record as a Congressman . Platts consistently voted against bail-outs of the financial industry and the automakers . He also voted against the economic stimulus legislation , the fiscal year 2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act , and fiscal year 2010 Budget Resolution . Platts was one of fifteen Republican House members to vote in favor of repealing the United States militarys Dont Ask , Dont Tell ban on openly gay service members . Along with nearly all other Republican members of the US House of Representatives , Mr . Platts voted to support The Path to Prosperity , the budget put forward by U.S . Representative Paul Ryan ( R-WI ) . However , the next year he joined nine other Republicans in voting against Rep . Ryans budget . Committee assignments . - Caucus Memberships - Congressional Arts Caucus Post-congressional career . In 2013 , Platts announced that he was running for a seat on the York County Court of Common Pleas . In a poll conducted by the York County Bar Association , 77% of its members responded that they believed Platts to be not qualified to serve on the bench . Platts and incumbent judge Mike Flannelly , also a Republican , who was appointed to the seat in 2012 following the death of Judge Chuck Patterson , both cross-filed to run in both the Democratic and Republican primary elections . Platts won the Republican primary 56%–44% , while Flannelly won the Democratic primary by the same margin . Platts and Flannelly faced each other again in the general election in November , which Platts won with 58% of the vote , to serve a ten-year term . External links . - Congressman Todd Russell Platts official U.S . House website - Todd Platts for U.S . Congress official campaign website - Profile at SourceWatch |
[
"York Suburban Senior High School",
"Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania",
"Pepperdine University School of Law"
] | easy | Which school did Todd Russell Platts go to from 1980 to 1991? | /wiki/Todd_Russell_Platts#P69#2 | Todd Russell Platts Todd Russell Platts ( born March 5 , 1962 ) is an American attorney and Republican Party politician who serves as a Judge on the York County Court of Common Pleas and is a former U.S . Representative for , serving from 2001 to 2013 . The district , since redrawn and renumbered , encompassed south-central Pennsylvania , including all of York and Adams Counties , and a large portion of Cumberland County . York , Hanover , Gettysburg and Carlisle were some of the prominent cities and towns included . In January 2012 , Platts announced his intention to retire from Congress . Early life and education . Platts was born in York , Pennsylvania , on March 5 , 1962 . He graduated from York Suburban Senior High School in 1980 . He continued his education locally , graduating summa cum laude with a Bachelor of Science degree in Public Administration from Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania in 1984 . He then attended Pepperdine University School of Law , and graduated cum laude with a Juris Doctor degree in 1991 . Pennsylvania House of Representatives . Platts was first elected to public office in November 1992 , to represent the 196th legislative district in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives . The election marked the first time that the 196th district was fought on its present boundaries ; following the 1990 census , the approved legislative reapportionment plan moved it out of Philadelphia , and into its present boundaries . He took office on January 5 , 1993 , and left on November 30 , 2000 . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . While in Congress , Platts refused to accept contributions from any special interests or political action committees . He also promised to serve only six terms ( 12 years ) in the House . - 2000 Platts was elected to the U.S . House of Representatives in 2000 , after winning a little over half the vote in a crowded Republican primary , and easily defeating college professor Jeff Sanders , the Democratic nominee , in the general election . He replaced Congressman Bill Goodling , who chose not to run for re-election that year . - 2002–2006 Platts ran unopposed by the Democratic Party during the 2002 and 2004 elections , although in 2002 , he faced opposition in the Republican primary , most notably from Tom Glennon . He faced York College professor and decorated Vietnam Veteran Phil Avillo , Jr. , the Democratic nominee , and Derf Maitland of the Green Party in the 2006 election . Platts won 64% of the vote to Avillos 33% and Maitlands 3% . - 2008 - United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania , 2008#District 19 In 2008 , Platts and Avillo faced off again . With 67% of the vote , Platts became the most electorally successful Republican Congressional candidate in the Northeast . - 2010 - United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania , 2010#District 19 Platts was challenged by Democratic nominee Ryan Sanders and Independent Patriots nominee Joshua Monighan . Platts was re-elected to a sixth term with 72% of the vote . Tenure . As a Congressman , Platts supported many of President George W . Bushs initiatives , tax cuts , drilling in ANWR , the Medicare Prescription Drug Plan , the Iraq War , and a ban on same-sex marriage . He opposed any version of Bushs school voucher proposal , supported offshore oil drilling , supported increasing government regulated fuel efficiency standards for automobiles , voted for the Matthew Shepard Act , a hate crimes prevention bill , and supported the McCain-Feingold campaign finance legislation . In 2006 , the National Journal political index describes him as having a moderate voting record despite the relatively conservative nature of his district , although the district does include some exurbs of Baltimore , Maryland . That journal gave him conservative ratings of 53% ( economy ) , 65% ( social issues ) and 73% ( foreign policy ) in the 2004 congress . Platts district went 64–36 for Bush in 2004 . He has broken with his party on several issues , for example supporting President Obamas expansion of SCHIP and the Edward M . Kennedy Serve America Act . He is a member of the Republican Main Street Partnership and supports stem-cell research . Early in his political career , after his initial election to the Pennsylvania House , Platts supported abortion rights . However , he later changed his views and became anti-abortion . He remains so to this day , and he has a pro-life voting record as a Congressman . Platts consistently voted against bail-outs of the financial industry and the automakers . He also voted against the economic stimulus legislation , the fiscal year 2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act , and fiscal year 2010 Budget Resolution . Platts was one of fifteen Republican House members to vote in favor of repealing the United States militarys Dont Ask , Dont Tell ban on openly gay service members . Along with nearly all other Republican members of the US House of Representatives , Mr . Platts voted to support The Path to Prosperity , the budget put forward by U.S . Representative Paul Ryan ( R-WI ) . However , the next year he joined nine other Republicans in voting against Rep . Ryans budget . Committee assignments . - Caucus Memberships - Congressional Arts Caucus Post-congressional career . In 2013 , Platts announced that he was running for a seat on the York County Court of Common Pleas . In a poll conducted by the York County Bar Association , 77% of its members responded that they believed Platts to be not qualified to serve on the bench . Platts and incumbent judge Mike Flannelly , also a Republican , who was appointed to the seat in 2012 following the death of Judge Chuck Patterson , both cross-filed to run in both the Democratic and Republican primary elections . Platts won the Republican primary 56%–44% , while Flannelly won the Democratic primary by the same margin . Platts and Flannelly faced each other again in the general election in November , which Platts won with 58% of the vote , to serve a ten-year term . External links . - Congressman Todd Russell Platts official U.S . House website - Todd Platts for U.S . Congress official campaign website - Profile at SourceWatch |
Subsets and Splits