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"Como"
] | easy | Which team did the player Andrea Fortunato belong to from 1989 to 1991? | /wiki/Andrea_Fortunato#P54#0 | Andrea Fortunato Andrea Fortunato ( ; 26 July 1971 – 25 April 1995 ) was an Italian football player who played as a left-back . Fortunato was one of Italys most promising prospects in the late 1980s and early 1990s , and he enjoyed a successful yet very short spell in Italian football , before contracting leukemia ; he died in April 1995 . Throughout his club career , he played for Como , Pisa , Genoa , and Juventus , while at international level he represented the Italian national team on one occasion , in 1993 . Early life . Andrea Fortunato was born into a middle-class family in Salerno ; his father , Giuseppe , was a cardiologist , while his mother , Lucia , was a librarian ; he also had a brother and a sister . As a youngster , Andrea also swam and played water polo , in addition to football . He began playing football with the Como youth side at the age of 13 , although his parents also insisted that he complete his high school diploma in accounting , in case his footballing career turned to be unsuccessful . Career . Como , Genoa , and Pisa . Fortunato started his professional career as a left-back with the Como first team in 1988 , at the age of 17 , making his Serie B debut with the club on 29 October 1989 , in a 1–0 home win against Cosenza . The young player from Salerno played 16 times with the Lariani in his first season , who were relegated to Serie C1 . He soon established himself into the teams starting line-up the following season , making 27 appearances in the league , as Como narrowly missed out on promotion to Serie B , losing out in the playoff to Venezia . Fortunatos consistent performances caught the eye of bigger Italian clubs – most notably Genoa . It was the Ligurian side who signed Fortunato in 1991 ; however , his limited opportunities with the club , due to the presence of the more experienced Branco in his role , led to an argument with Osvaldo Bagnolis assistant manager Sergio Maddè . As a result , Fortunato was labelled as an arrogant hothead , and was immediately loaned out to Serie B side Pisa for the 1991–92 season , where he made 25 appearances . After an impressive spell with Pisa , Fortunato returned to the Grifoni , where he made his Serie A debut on 6 September 1992 , in a 1–1 away draw against Fiorentina . He teamed up with right-back Christian Panucci , another promising Italian full-back , and together they formed a formidable defensive young partnership . In his first year in the Italian top flight , Fortunato made 33 appearances and scored 3 goals , including the equaliser in a 2–2 home draw against eventual champions Milan , which helped Genoa avoid relegation . Juventus and International debut . Fortunatos performances with Genoa during the 1992–93 season caught the attention of Juventus boss Giovanni Trapattoni , who brought the promising youngster to the Turin club the following season for 12 billion Lire . The left-back was an instant hit , and was awarded the number 3 shirt , which had belonged to former Juventus full-back Antonio Cabrini during the 1980s . Fortunato started his first season with Juventus strongly , and soon became known for his endless running along the flank and his fine left foot , which he would use to provide accurate crosses for the likes of forwards Roberto Baggio , Fabrizio Ravanelli , and Gianluca Vialli . His most important attribute was that he loved being a team player , both on and off the pitch . His charm and great personality won the hearts of many , so much so that former Italy coach Arrigo Sacchi described him as a revelation of Italian football , and called the Juventus star to make his one and only international appearance in a World Cup qualifier against Estonia , on 22 September 1993 , in Tallinn . Fortunato took Paolo Maldinis place and played alongside veteran and national team captain Franco Baresi in a game that Italy won 3–0 . The left-back showed striking similarities to Maldini and he was initially even in Sacchis plans for the 1994 FIFA World Cup . Illness and death . However , during the second half of the 1993–94 season , the player suffered an unexplained loss of form , and struggled to complete matches due to a lack of energy ; he was subsequently dropped from the national team after doctors announced that he had a rare form of leukemia in May 1994 . Fortunato initially struggled to find a suitable bone marrow donor , and underwent chemotherapy in a hospital in Turin and an unsuccessful bone marrow transplant from his sister , Paola ; he was later transferred to a hospital in Perugia , and after a second bone marrow transplant from his father , appeared to have made a full recovery . The following season , he was included in the Turin clubs roster , and was even called up to join the team by new coach Marcello Lippi for Juventuss clash with Sampdoria in Genoa on 26 February 1995 , although he later watched his teammates from the stands . Although his condition initially seemed to be improving well , Fortunato came down with a flu and later caught pneumonia , from which he was unable to recover ; he died in a hospital in Perugia on 25 April 1995 ; the eve of Italys game against Lithuania in Vilnius ; the Italian national team observed a minute of silence in his honour prior to the match , and also dedicated the 1–0 victory to him . His funeral took place on 27 April , in his hometown of Salerno . That season , Lippis Juventus went on to win their 23rd League title , dedicated to Fortunato , known as Fortunatos Scudetto . Juventus also won the Coppa Italia , and the Supercoppa Italiana that year , and reached the UEFA Cup Final . In total , Fortunato made 27 league appearances for Juventus , all of which came during the 1993–94 season , scoring one goal for the club , which came in a 3–1 away defeat to Lazio on 12 December 1993 , in Serie A . Style of play . A strong , hard-working , dynamic , energetic , and gregarious team player , Fortunato was known for his pace , class , stamina , determination , and tactical intelligence as a footballer , which enabled him to cover the left flank well and win back possession effectively . He also had a good left foot and was known for his crossing accuracy from the touchline , and ability to beat opponents , make attacking runs down the wing , and deliver balls to teammates in the area . Although he played at left-back throughout his professional career , or as an attacking wing-back , he was a highly versatile player , who started out playing as a centre-forward and as a left midfielder in his youth , and was also capable of playing as a central or defensive midfielder , as a centre-back , or as a sweeper . A precocious player , he was regarded as one of the most promising young left-backs of his generation in Italy ; his playing style was frequently compared with that of legendary former Juventus full-back Antonio Cabrini . In addition to his talent and footballing skills , Fortunato was also known for his calm composure , friendly personality , and strong mentality , both on the pitch and in the dressing room , in spite of his reserved , and introverted character . Honours . Club . - Juventus - Serie A : 1994–95 ( Posthumous ) - Coppa Italia : 1994–95 ( Posthumous ) External links . - Profile at MyJuve.it - Profile at FIGC |
[
""
] | easy | Andrea Fortunato played for which team from 1992 to 1995? | /wiki/Andrea_Fortunato#P54#1 | Andrea Fortunato Andrea Fortunato ( ; 26 July 1971 – 25 April 1995 ) was an Italian football player who played as a left-back . Fortunato was one of Italys most promising prospects in the late 1980s and early 1990s , and he enjoyed a successful yet very short spell in Italian football , before contracting leukemia ; he died in April 1995 . Throughout his club career , he played for Como , Pisa , Genoa , and Juventus , while at international level he represented the Italian national team on one occasion , in 1993 . Early life . Andrea Fortunato was born into a middle-class family in Salerno ; his father , Giuseppe , was a cardiologist , while his mother , Lucia , was a librarian ; he also had a brother and a sister . As a youngster , Andrea also swam and played water polo , in addition to football . He began playing football with the Como youth side at the age of 13 , although his parents also insisted that he complete his high school diploma in accounting , in case his footballing career turned to be unsuccessful . Career . Como , Genoa , and Pisa . Fortunato started his professional career as a left-back with the Como first team in 1988 , at the age of 17 , making his Serie B debut with the club on 29 October 1989 , in a 1–0 home win against Cosenza . The young player from Salerno played 16 times with the Lariani in his first season , who were relegated to Serie C1 . He soon established himself into the teams starting line-up the following season , making 27 appearances in the league , as Como narrowly missed out on promotion to Serie B , losing out in the playoff to Venezia . Fortunatos consistent performances caught the eye of bigger Italian clubs – most notably Genoa . It was the Ligurian side who signed Fortunato in 1991 ; however , his limited opportunities with the club , due to the presence of the more experienced Branco in his role , led to an argument with Osvaldo Bagnolis assistant manager Sergio Maddè . As a result , Fortunato was labelled as an arrogant hothead , and was immediately loaned out to Serie B side Pisa for the 1991–92 season , where he made 25 appearances . After an impressive spell with Pisa , Fortunato returned to the Grifoni , where he made his Serie A debut on 6 September 1992 , in a 1–1 away draw against Fiorentina . He teamed up with right-back Christian Panucci , another promising Italian full-back , and together they formed a formidable defensive young partnership . In his first year in the Italian top flight , Fortunato made 33 appearances and scored 3 goals , including the equaliser in a 2–2 home draw against eventual champions Milan , which helped Genoa avoid relegation . Juventus and International debut . Fortunatos performances with Genoa during the 1992–93 season caught the attention of Juventus boss Giovanni Trapattoni , who brought the promising youngster to the Turin club the following season for 12 billion Lire . The left-back was an instant hit , and was awarded the number 3 shirt , which had belonged to former Juventus full-back Antonio Cabrini during the 1980s . Fortunato started his first season with Juventus strongly , and soon became known for his endless running along the flank and his fine left foot , which he would use to provide accurate crosses for the likes of forwards Roberto Baggio , Fabrizio Ravanelli , and Gianluca Vialli . His most important attribute was that he loved being a team player , both on and off the pitch . His charm and great personality won the hearts of many , so much so that former Italy coach Arrigo Sacchi described him as a revelation of Italian football , and called the Juventus star to make his one and only international appearance in a World Cup qualifier against Estonia , on 22 September 1993 , in Tallinn . Fortunato took Paolo Maldinis place and played alongside veteran and national team captain Franco Baresi in a game that Italy won 3–0 . The left-back showed striking similarities to Maldini and he was initially even in Sacchis plans for the 1994 FIFA World Cup . Illness and death . However , during the second half of the 1993–94 season , the player suffered an unexplained loss of form , and struggled to complete matches due to a lack of energy ; he was subsequently dropped from the national team after doctors announced that he had a rare form of leukemia in May 1994 . Fortunato initially struggled to find a suitable bone marrow donor , and underwent chemotherapy in a hospital in Turin and an unsuccessful bone marrow transplant from his sister , Paola ; he was later transferred to a hospital in Perugia , and after a second bone marrow transplant from his father , appeared to have made a full recovery . The following season , he was included in the Turin clubs roster , and was even called up to join the team by new coach Marcello Lippi for Juventuss clash with Sampdoria in Genoa on 26 February 1995 , although he later watched his teammates from the stands . Although his condition initially seemed to be improving well , Fortunato came down with a flu and later caught pneumonia , from which he was unable to recover ; he died in a hospital in Perugia on 25 April 1995 ; the eve of Italys game against Lithuania in Vilnius ; the Italian national team observed a minute of silence in his honour prior to the match , and also dedicated the 1–0 victory to him . His funeral took place on 27 April , in his hometown of Salerno . That season , Lippis Juventus went on to win their 23rd League title , dedicated to Fortunato , known as Fortunatos Scudetto . Juventus also won the Coppa Italia , and the Supercoppa Italiana that year , and reached the UEFA Cup Final . In total , Fortunato made 27 league appearances for Juventus , all of which came during the 1993–94 season , scoring one goal for the club , which came in a 3–1 away defeat to Lazio on 12 December 1993 , in Serie A . Style of play . A strong , hard-working , dynamic , energetic , and gregarious team player , Fortunato was known for his pace , class , stamina , determination , and tactical intelligence as a footballer , which enabled him to cover the left flank well and win back possession effectively . He also had a good left foot and was known for his crossing accuracy from the touchline , and ability to beat opponents , make attacking runs down the wing , and deliver balls to teammates in the area . Although he played at left-back throughout his professional career , or as an attacking wing-back , he was a highly versatile player , who started out playing as a centre-forward and as a left midfielder in his youth , and was also capable of playing as a central or defensive midfielder , as a centre-back , or as a sweeper . A precocious player , he was regarded as one of the most promising young left-backs of his generation in Italy ; his playing style was frequently compared with that of legendary former Juventus full-back Antonio Cabrini . In addition to his talent and footballing skills , Fortunato was also known for his calm composure , friendly personality , and strong mentality , both on the pitch and in the dressing room , in spite of his reserved , and introverted character . Honours . Club . - Juventus - Serie A : 1994–95 ( Posthumous ) - Coppa Italia : 1994–95 ( Posthumous ) External links . - Profile at MyJuve.it - Profile at FIGC |
[
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] | easy | Which employer did Bruno Latour work for from 1977 to 1982? | /wiki/Bruno_Latour#P108#0 | Bruno Latour Bruno Latour ( ; ; born 22 June 1947 ) is a French philosopher , anthropologist and sociologist . He is especially known for his work in the field of science and technology studies ( STS ) . After teaching at the École des Mines de Paris ( Centre de Sociologie de lInnovation ) from 1982 to 2006 , he became Professor at Sciences Po Paris ( 2006–2017 ) , where he was the scientific director of the Sciences Po Medialab . He retired from several university activities in 2017 . He was also a Centennial Professor at the London School of Economics . Latour is best known for his books We Have Never Been Modern ( 1991 ; English translation , 1993 ) , Laboratory Life ( with Steve Woolgar , 1979 ) and Science in Action ( 1987 ) . Although his studies of scientific practice were at one time associated with social constructionist approaches to the philosophy of science , Latour has diverged significantly from such approaches . He is best known for withdrawing from the subjective/objective division and re-developing the approach to work in practice . Latour said in 2017 that he is interested in helping to rebuild trust in science and that some of the authority of science needs to be regained . Along with Michel Callon and John Law , Latour is one of the primary developers of actor–network theory ( ANT ) , a constructionist approach influenced by the ethnomethodology of Harold Garfinkel , the generative semiotics of Algirdas Julien Greimas , and ( more recently ) the sociology of Émile Durkheims rival Gabriel Tarde . Biography . Latour is related to a well-known family of winemakers from Burgundy , but is not associated with the similarly named estate in Bordeaux . As a student , Latour originally focused on philosophy . In 1971–1972 , he ranked second and then first ( reçu second , premier ) in the French national competitive exam ( agrégation/CAPES de philosophie ) . He was deeply influenced by Michel Serres. . Latour went on to earn his Ph.D . in philosophical theology in 1975 at the University of Tours . His thesis title was Exégèse et ontologie : une analyse des textes de resurrection ( Exegesis and Ontology : An Analysis of the Texts of Resurrection ) . He developed an interest in anthropology , and undertook fieldwork in Ivory Coast which resulted in a brief monograph on decolonization , race , and industrial relations . After spending more than twenty years ( 1982–2006 ) at the Centre de sociologie de linnovation at the École des Mines in Paris , Latour moved in 2006 to Sciences Po , where he was the first occupant of a chair named for Gabriel Tarde . In recent years he also served as one of the curators of successful art exhibitions at the Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie in Karlsruhe , Germany , including Iconoclash ( 2002 ) and Making Things Public ( 2005 ) . In 2005 he also held the Spinoza Chair of Philosophy at the University of Amsterdam . Awards and honors . On 22 May 2008 , Latour was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Université de Montréal on the occasion of an organizational communication conference held in honor of the work of James R . Taylor , on whom Latour has had an important influence . He holds several other honorary doctorates , as well as Frances Légion dHonneur ( 2012 ) . The Dutch International Spinozaprijs Foundation will award the Spinozalens 2020 to Bruno Latour on 24 November 2020 . Holberg Prize . On 13 March 2013 , he was announced as the winner of the 2013 Holberg Prize . The prize committee stated that Bruno Latour has undertaken an ambitious analysis and reinterpretation of modernity , and has challenged fundamental concepts such as the distinction between modern and pre-modern , nature and society , human and non-human . The committee states that the impact of Latours work is evident internationally and far beyond studies of the history of science , art history , history , philosophy , anthropology , geography , theology , literature and law . A 2013 article in Aftenposten by Jon Elster criticised the conferment to Latour , by saying The question is , does he deserve the prize . ...If the statutes [ of the award ] had used new knowledge as a main criteria , instead of one of several , then he would be completely unqualified in my opinion . Main works . Laboratory Life . After his early career efforts , Latour shifted his research interests to focus on laboratory scientists . Latour rose in importance following the 1979 publication of Laboratory Life : the Social Construction of Scientific Facts with co-author Steve Woolgar . In the book , the authors undertake an ethnographic study of a neuroendocrinology research laboratory at the Salk Institute . This early work argued that naïve descriptions of the scientific method , in which theories stand or fall on the outcome of a single experiment , are inconsistent with actual laboratory practice . In the laboratory , Latour and Woolgar observed that a typical experiment produces only inconclusive data that is attributed to failure of the apparatus or experimental method , and that a large part of scientific training involves learning how to make the subjective decision of what data to keep and what data to throw out . Latour and Woolgar argued that , for untrained observers , the entire process resembles not an unbiased search for truth and accuracy but a mechanism for ignoring data that contradicts scientific orthodoxy . Latour and Woolgar produced a highly heterodox and controversial picture of the sciences . Drawing on the work of Gaston Bachelard , they advance the notion that the objects of scientific study are socially constructed within the laboratory—that they cannot be attributed with an existence outside of the instruments that measure them and the minds that interpret them . They view scientific activity as a system of beliefs , oral traditions and culturally specific practices—in short , science is reconstructed not as a procedure or as a set of principles but as a culture . Latours 1987 book Science in Action : How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society is one of the key texts of the sociology of scientific knowledge in which he famously wrote his Second Principle as follows : Scientist and engineers speak in the name of new allies that they have shaped and enrolled ; representatives among other representatives , they add these unexpected resources to tip the balance of force in their favor . Some of Latours position and findings in this era provoked vehement rebuttals . Gross and Leavitt argue that Latours position becomes absurd when applied to non-scientific contexts : e.g. , if a group of coworkers in a windowless room were debating whether or not it were raining outside and went outdoors to discover raindrops in the air and puddles on the soil , Latours hypothesis would assert that the rain was socially constructed . Similarly , philosopher John Searle argues that Latours extreme social constructivist position is seriously flawed on several points , and furthermore has inadvertently comical results . The Pasteurization of France . After a research project examining the sociology of primatologists , Latour followed up the themes in Laboratory Life with Les Microbes : guerre et paix ( published in English as The Pasteurization of France in 1988 ) . In it , he reviews the life and career of one of Frances most famous scientists Louis Pasteur and his discovery of microbes , in the fashion of a political biography . Latour highlights the social forces at work in and around Pasteurs career and the uneven manner in which his theories were accepted . By providing more explicitly ideological explanations for the acceptance of Pasteurs work more easily in some quarters than in others , he seeks to undermine the notion that the acceptance and rejection of scientific theories is primarily , or even usually , a matter of experiment , evidence or reason . Aramis , or , The Love of Technology . Aramis , or , The Love of Technology focuses on the history of an unsuccessful mass-transit project . Aramis PRT ( personal rapid transit ) , a high tech automated subway , had been developed in France during the 70s and 80s and was supposed to be implemented as a Personal Rapid Transit ( PRT ) system in Paris . It combined the flexibility of an automobile with the efficiency of a subway . Aramis was to be an ideal urban transportation system based on private cars in constant motion and the elimination of unnecessary transfers . This new form of transportation was intended to be as secure and inexpensive as collective transportation . The proposed system had custom-designed motors , sensors , controls , digital electronics , software and a major installation in southern Paris . But in the end , the project died in 1987 . Latour argues that the technology failed not because any particular actor killed it , but because the actors failed to sustain it through negotiation and adaptation to a changing social situation . While investigating Aramiss demise , Latour delineates the tenets of actor-network theory . According to Latours own description of the book , the work aims at training readers in the booming field of technology studies and at experimenting in the many new literary forms that are necessary to handle mechanisms and automatisms without using the belief that they are mechanical nor automatic . We Have Never Been Modern . Latours work Nous n’avons jamais été modernes : Essai d’anthropologie symétrique was first published in French in 1991 , and then in English in 1993 as We Have Never Been Modern . Latour encouraged the reader of this anthropology of science to re-think and re-evaluate our mental landscape . He evaluated the work of scientists and contemplated the contribution of the scientific method to knowledge and work , blurring the distinction across various fields and disciplines . Latour argued that society has never really been modern and promoted nonmodernism ( or amodernism ) over postmodernism , modernism , or antimodernism . His stance was that we have never been modern and minor divisions alone separate Westerners now from other collectives . Latour viewed modernism as an era that believed it had annulled the entire past in its wake . He presented the antimodern reaction as defending such entities as spirit , rationality , liberty , society , God , or even the past . Postmoderns , according to Latour , also accepted the modernistic abstractions as if they were real . In contrast , the nonmodern approach reestablished symmetry between science and technology on the one hand and society on the other . Latour also referred to the impossibility of returning to premodernism because it precluded the large scale experimentation which was a benefit of modernism . Latour attempted to prove through case studies the fallacy in the old object/subject and Nature/Society compacts of modernity , which can be traced back to Plato . He refused the concept of out there versus in here . He rendered the object/subject distinction as simply unusable and charted a new approach towards knowledge , work , and circulating reference . Latour considered nonmoderns to be playing on a different field , one vastly different than that of post-moderns . He referred to it as much broader and much less polemical , a creation of an unknown territory , which he playfully referred to as the Middle Kingdom . In 1998 , historian of science Margaret C . Jacob argued that Latours politicized account of the development of modernism in the 17th century is a fanciful escape from modern Western history . Pandoras Hope . Pandoras Hope ( 1999 ) marks a return to the themes Latour explored in Science in Action and We Have Never Been Modern . It uses independent but thematically linked essays and case studies to question the authority and reliability of scientific knowledge . Latour uses a narrative , anecdotal approach in a number of the essays , describing his work with pedologists in the Amazon rainforest , the development of the pasteurization process , and the research of French atomic scientists at the outbreak of the Second World War . Latour states that this specific , anecdotal approach to science studies is essential to gaining a full understanding of the discipline : The only way to understand the reality of science studies is to follow what science studies do best , that is , paying close attention to the details of scientific practice ( p . 24 ) . Some authors have criticized Latours methodology , including Katherine Pandora , a history of science professor at the University of Oklahoma . In her review of Pandoras Hope , Katherine Pandora states : [ Latours ] writing can be stimulating , fresh and at times genuinely moving , but it can also display a distractingly mannered style in which a rococo zeal for compounding metaphors , examples , definitions and abstractions can frustrate even readers who approach his work with the best of intentions ( notwithstanding the inclusion of a nine-page glossary of terms and liberal use of diagrams in an attempt to achieve the utmost clarity ) . In addition to his epistemological concerns , Latour also explores the political dimension of science studies in Pandoras Hope . Two of the chapters draw on Platos Gorgias as a means of investigating and highlighting the distinction between content and context . As Katherine Pandora states in her review : It is hard not to be caught up in the authors obvious delight in deploying a classic work from antiquity to bring current concerns into sharper focus , following along as he manages to leave the reader with the impression that the protagonists Socrates and Callicles are not only in dialogue with each other but with Latour as well . Although Latour frames his discussion with a classical model , his examples of fraught political issues are all current and of continuing relevance : global warming , the spread of mad cow disease , and the carcinogenic effects of smoking are all mentioned at various points in Pandoras Hope . In Felix Stalders article Beyond constructivism : towards a realistic realism , he summarizes Latours position on the political dimension of science studies as follows : These scientific debates have been artificially kept open in order to render impossible any political action against these problems and those who profit from them . Why Has Critique Run Out of Steam? . In a 2004 article , Latour questioned the fundamental premises on which he had based most of his career , asking , Was I wrong to participate in the invention of this field known as science studies ? He undertakes a trenchant critique of his own field of study and , more generally , of social criticism in contemporary academia . He suggests that critique , as currently practiced , is bordering on irrelevancy . To maintain any vitality , Latour argues that social critiques require a drastic reappraisal : our critical equipment deserves as much critical scrutiny as the Pentagon budget . ( p . 231 ) To regain focus and credibility , Latour argues that social critiques must embrace empiricism , to insist on the cultivation of a stubbornly realist attitude -- to speak like William James . ( p . 233 ) Latour suggests that about 90 per cent of contemporary social criticism displays one of two approaches which he terms the fact position and the fairy position . ( p . 237 ) The fairy position is anti-fetishist , arguing that objects of belief ( e.g. , religion , arts ) are merely concepts created by the projected wishes and desires of the naive believer ; the fact position argues that individuals are dominated , often covertly and without their awareness , by external forces ( e.g. , economics , gender ) . ( p . 238 ) Do you see now why it feels so good to be a critical mind?” asks Latour : no matter which position you take , You’re always right ! ( p . 238-239 ) Social critics tend to use anti-fetishism against ideas they personally reject ; to use an unrepentant positivist approach for fields of study they consider valuable ; all the while thinking as a perfectly healthy sturdy realist for what you really cherish . ( p . 241 ) These inconsistencies and double standards go largely unrecognized in social critique because there is never any crossover between the two lists of objects in the fact position and the fairy position . ( p . 241 ) The practical result of these approaches being taught to millions of students in elite universities for several decades is a widespread and influential critical barbarity that has—like a malign virus created by a mad scientist—thus far proven impossible to control . Most troubling , Latour notes that critical ideas have been appropriated by those he describes as conspiracy theorists , including global warming deniers and the 9/11 Truth movement : Maybe I am taking conspiracy theories too seriously , but I am worried to detect , in those mad mixtures of knee-jerk disbelief , punctilious demands for proofs , and free use of powerful explanation from the social neverland , many of the weapons of social critique . ( p . 230 ) The conclusion of the article is to argue for a positive framing of critique , to help understand how matters of concern can be supported rather than undermined : The critic is not the one who lifts the rugs from under the feet of the naïve believers , but the one who offers the participants arenas in which to gather . The critic is not the one who alternates haphazardly between antifetishism and positivism like the drunk iconoclast drawn by Goya , but the one for whom , if something is constructed , then it means it is fragile and thus in great need of care and caution . Latours article has been highly influential within the field of postcritique , an intellectual movement within literary criticism and cultural studies that seeks to find new forms of reading and interpretation that go beyond the methods of critique , critical theory , and ideological criticism . The literary critic Rita Felski has named Latour as an important precursor to the project of postcritique . Reassembling the Social . In Reassembling the Social ( 2005 ) , Latour continues a reappraisal of his work , developing what he calls a practical metaphysics , which calls real anything that an actor ( one whom we are studying ) claims as a source of motivation for action . So if someone says , I was inspired by God to be charitable to my neighbors we are obliged to recognize the ontological weight of their claim , rather than attempting to replace their belief in Gods presence with social stuff , like class , gender , imperialism , etc . Latour’s nuanced metaphysics demands the existence of a plurality of worlds , and the willingness of the researcher to chart ever more . He argues that researchers must give up the hope of fitting their actors into a structure or framework , but Latour believes the benefits of this sacrifice far outweigh the downsides : Their complex metaphysics would at least be respected , their recalcitrance recognized , their objections deployed , their multiplicity accepted . For Latour , to talk about metaphysics or ontology–what really is–means paying close empirical attention to the various , contradictory institutions and ideas that bring people together and inspire them to act . Here is Latours description of metaphysics : If we call metaphysics the discipline . . . that purports to define the basic structure of the world , then empirical metaphysics is what the controversies over agencies lead to since they ceaselessly populate the world with new drives and , as ceaselessly , contest the existence of others . The question then becomes how to explore the actors own metaphysics . A more traditional metaphysicist might object , arguing that this means there are multiple , contradictory realities , since there are controversies over agencies – since there is a plurality of contradictory ideas that people claim as a basis for action ( God , nature , the state , sexual drives , personal ambition , and so on ) . This objection manifests the most important difference between traditional philosophical metaphysics and Latours nuance : for Latour , there is no basic structure of reality or a single , self-consistent world . An unknowably large multiplicity of realities , or worlds in his terms , exists–one for each actors sources of agency , inspirations for action . Actors bring the real ( metaphysics ) into being . The task of the researcher is not to find one basic structure that explains agency , but to recognize the metaphysical innovations proposed by ordinary actors . Mapping those metaphysical innovations involves a strong dedication to relativism , Latour argues . The relativist researcher learns the actors language , records what they say about what they do , and does not appeal to a higher structure to explain the actors motivations . The relativist takes seriously what [ actors ] are obstinately saying and follows the direction indicated by their fingers when they designate what makes them act . The relativist recognizes the plurality of metaphysics that actors bring into being , and attempts to map them rather than reducing them to a single structure or explanation . Bibliography . Books . - Originally published 1979 in Los Angeles , by Sage Publications |
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"École des Mines de Paris ( Centre de Sociologie de lInnovation )"
] | easy | Who did Bruno Latour work for from 1982 to 2017? | /wiki/Bruno_Latour#P108#1 | Bruno Latour Bruno Latour ( ; ; born 22 June 1947 ) is a French philosopher , anthropologist and sociologist . He is especially known for his work in the field of science and technology studies ( STS ) . After teaching at the École des Mines de Paris ( Centre de Sociologie de lInnovation ) from 1982 to 2006 , he became Professor at Sciences Po Paris ( 2006–2017 ) , where he was the scientific director of the Sciences Po Medialab . He retired from several university activities in 2017 . He was also a Centennial Professor at the London School of Economics . Latour is best known for his books We Have Never Been Modern ( 1991 ; English translation , 1993 ) , Laboratory Life ( with Steve Woolgar , 1979 ) and Science in Action ( 1987 ) . Although his studies of scientific practice were at one time associated with social constructionist approaches to the philosophy of science , Latour has diverged significantly from such approaches . He is best known for withdrawing from the subjective/objective division and re-developing the approach to work in practice . Latour said in 2017 that he is interested in helping to rebuild trust in science and that some of the authority of science needs to be regained . Along with Michel Callon and John Law , Latour is one of the primary developers of actor–network theory ( ANT ) , a constructionist approach influenced by the ethnomethodology of Harold Garfinkel , the generative semiotics of Algirdas Julien Greimas , and ( more recently ) the sociology of Émile Durkheims rival Gabriel Tarde . Biography . Latour is related to a well-known family of winemakers from Burgundy , but is not associated with the similarly named estate in Bordeaux . As a student , Latour originally focused on philosophy . In 1971–1972 , he ranked second and then first ( reçu second , premier ) in the French national competitive exam ( agrégation/CAPES de philosophie ) . He was deeply influenced by Michel Serres. . Latour went on to earn his Ph.D . in philosophical theology in 1975 at the University of Tours . His thesis title was Exégèse et ontologie : une analyse des textes de resurrection ( Exegesis and Ontology : An Analysis of the Texts of Resurrection ) . He developed an interest in anthropology , and undertook fieldwork in Ivory Coast which resulted in a brief monograph on decolonization , race , and industrial relations . After spending more than twenty years ( 1982–2006 ) at the Centre de sociologie de linnovation at the École des Mines in Paris , Latour moved in 2006 to Sciences Po , where he was the first occupant of a chair named for Gabriel Tarde . In recent years he also served as one of the curators of successful art exhibitions at the Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie in Karlsruhe , Germany , including Iconoclash ( 2002 ) and Making Things Public ( 2005 ) . In 2005 he also held the Spinoza Chair of Philosophy at the University of Amsterdam . Awards and honors . On 22 May 2008 , Latour was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Université de Montréal on the occasion of an organizational communication conference held in honor of the work of James R . Taylor , on whom Latour has had an important influence . He holds several other honorary doctorates , as well as Frances Légion dHonneur ( 2012 ) . The Dutch International Spinozaprijs Foundation will award the Spinozalens 2020 to Bruno Latour on 24 November 2020 . Holberg Prize . On 13 March 2013 , he was announced as the winner of the 2013 Holberg Prize . The prize committee stated that Bruno Latour has undertaken an ambitious analysis and reinterpretation of modernity , and has challenged fundamental concepts such as the distinction between modern and pre-modern , nature and society , human and non-human . The committee states that the impact of Latours work is evident internationally and far beyond studies of the history of science , art history , history , philosophy , anthropology , geography , theology , literature and law . A 2013 article in Aftenposten by Jon Elster criticised the conferment to Latour , by saying The question is , does he deserve the prize . ...If the statutes [ of the award ] had used new knowledge as a main criteria , instead of one of several , then he would be completely unqualified in my opinion . Main works . Laboratory Life . After his early career efforts , Latour shifted his research interests to focus on laboratory scientists . Latour rose in importance following the 1979 publication of Laboratory Life : the Social Construction of Scientific Facts with co-author Steve Woolgar . In the book , the authors undertake an ethnographic study of a neuroendocrinology research laboratory at the Salk Institute . This early work argued that naïve descriptions of the scientific method , in which theories stand or fall on the outcome of a single experiment , are inconsistent with actual laboratory practice . In the laboratory , Latour and Woolgar observed that a typical experiment produces only inconclusive data that is attributed to failure of the apparatus or experimental method , and that a large part of scientific training involves learning how to make the subjective decision of what data to keep and what data to throw out . Latour and Woolgar argued that , for untrained observers , the entire process resembles not an unbiased search for truth and accuracy but a mechanism for ignoring data that contradicts scientific orthodoxy . Latour and Woolgar produced a highly heterodox and controversial picture of the sciences . Drawing on the work of Gaston Bachelard , they advance the notion that the objects of scientific study are socially constructed within the laboratory—that they cannot be attributed with an existence outside of the instruments that measure them and the minds that interpret them . They view scientific activity as a system of beliefs , oral traditions and culturally specific practices—in short , science is reconstructed not as a procedure or as a set of principles but as a culture . Latours 1987 book Science in Action : How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society is one of the key texts of the sociology of scientific knowledge in which he famously wrote his Second Principle as follows : Scientist and engineers speak in the name of new allies that they have shaped and enrolled ; representatives among other representatives , they add these unexpected resources to tip the balance of force in their favor . Some of Latours position and findings in this era provoked vehement rebuttals . Gross and Leavitt argue that Latours position becomes absurd when applied to non-scientific contexts : e.g. , if a group of coworkers in a windowless room were debating whether or not it were raining outside and went outdoors to discover raindrops in the air and puddles on the soil , Latours hypothesis would assert that the rain was socially constructed . Similarly , philosopher John Searle argues that Latours extreme social constructivist position is seriously flawed on several points , and furthermore has inadvertently comical results . The Pasteurization of France . After a research project examining the sociology of primatologists , Latour followed up the themes in Laboratory Life with Les Microbes : guerre et paix ( published in English as The Pasteurization of France in 1988 ) . In it , he reviews the life and career of one of Frances most famous scientists Louis Pasteur and his discovery of microbes , in the fashion of a political biography . Latour highlights the social forces at work in and around Pasteurs career and the uneven manner in which his theories were accepted . By providing more explicitly ideological explanations for the acceptance of Pasteurs work more easily in some quarters than in others , he seeks to undermine the notion that the acceptance and rejection of scientific theories is primarily , or even usually , a matter of experiment , evidence or reason . Aramis , or , The Love of Technology . Aramis , or , The Love of Technology focuses on the history of an unsuccessful mass-transit project . Aramis PRT ( personal rapid transit ) , a high tech automated subway , had been developed in France during the 70s and 80s and was supposed to be implemented as a Personal Rapid Transit ( PRT ) system in Paris . It combined the flexibility of an automobile with the efficiency of a subway . Aramis was to be an ideal urban transportation system based on private cars in constant motion and the elimination of unnecessary transfers . This new form of transportation was intended to be as secure and inexpensive as collective transportation . The proposed system had custom-designed motors , sensors , controls , digital electronics , software and a major installation in southern Paris . But in the end , the project died in 1987 . Latour argues that the technology failed not because any particular actor killed it , but because the actors failed to sustain it through negotiation and adaptation to a changing social situation . While investigating Aramiss demise , Latour delineates the tenets of actor-network theory . According to Latours own description of the book , the work aims at training readers in the booming field of technology studies and at experimenting in the many new literary forms that are necessary to handle mechanisms and automatisms without using the belief that they are mechanical nor automatic . We Have Never Been Modern . Latours work Nous n’avons jamais été modernes : Essai d’anthropologie symétrique was first published in French in 1991 , and then in English in 1993 as We Have Never Been Modern . Latour encouraged the reader of this anthropology of science to re-think and re-evaluate our mental landscape . He evaluated the work of scientists and contemplated the contribution of the scientific method to knowledge and work , blurring the distinction across various fields and disciplines . Latour argued that society has never really been modern and promoted nonmodernism ( or amodernism ) over postmodernism , modernism , or antimodernism . His stance was that we have never been modern and minor divisions alone separate Westerners now from other collectives . Latour viewed modernism as an era that believed it had annulled the entire past in its wake . He presented the antimodern reaction as defending such entities as spirit , rationality , liberty , society , God , or even the past . Postmoderns , according to Latour , also accepted the modernistic abstractions as if they were real . In contrast , the nonmodern approach reestablished symmetry between science and technology on the one hand and society on the other . Latour also referred to the impossibility of returning to premodernism because it precluded the large scale experimentation which was a benefit of modernism . Latour attempted to prove through case studies the fallacy in the old object/subject and Nature/Society compacts of modernity , which can be traced back to Plato . He refused the concept of out there versus in here . He rendered the object/subject distinction as simply unusable and charted a new approach towards knowledge , work , and circulating reference . Latour considered nonmoderns to be playing on a different field , one vastly different than that of post-moderns . He referred to it as much broader and much less polemical , a creation of an unknown territory , which he playfully referred to as the Middle Kingdom . In 1998 , historian of science Margaret C . Jacob argued that Latours politicized account of the development of modernism in the 17th century is a fanciful escape from modern Western history . Pandoras Hope . Pandoras Hope ( 1999 ) marks a return to the themes Latour explored in Science in Action and We Have Never Been Modern . It uses independent but thematically linked essays and case studies to question the authority and reliability of scientific knowledge . Latour uses a narrative , anecdotal approach in a number of the essays , describing his work with pedologists in the Amazon rainforest , the development of the pasteurization process , and the research of French atomic scientists at the outbreak of the Second World War . Latour states that this specific , anecdotal approach to science studies is essential to gaining a full understanding of the discipline : The only way to understand the reality of science studies is to follow what science studies do best , that is , paying close attention to the details of scientific practice ( p . 24 ) . Some authors have criticized Latours methodology , including Katherine Pandora , a history of science professor at the University of Oklahoma . In her review of Pandoras Hope , Katherine Pandora states : [ Latours ] writing can be stimulating , fresh and at times genuinely moving , but it can also display a distractingly mannered style in which a rococo zeal for compounding metaphors , examples , definitions and abstractions can frustrate even readers who approach his work with the best of intentions ( notwithstanding the inclusion of a nine-page glossary of terms and liberal use of diagrams in an attempt to achieve the utmost clarity ) . In addition to his epistemological concerns , Latour also explores the political dimension of science studies in Pandoras Hope . Two of the chapters draw on Platos Gorgias as a means of investigating and highlighting the distinction between content and context . As Katherine Pandora states in her review : It is hard not to be caught up in the authors obvious delight in deploying a classic work from antiquity to bring current concerns into sharper focus , following along as he manages to leave the reader with the impression that the protagonists Socrates and Callicles are not only in dialogue with each other but with Latour as well . Although Latour frames his discussion with a classical model , his examples of fraught political issues are all current and of continuing relevance : global warming , the spread of mad cow disease , and the carcinogenic effects of smoking are all mentioned at various points in Pandoras Hope . In Felix Stalders article Beyond constructivism : towards a realistic realism , he summarizes Latours position on the political dimension of science studies as follows : These scientific debates have been artificially kept open in order to render impossible any political action against these problems and those who profit from them . Why Has Critique Run Out of Steam? . In a 2004 article , Latour questioned the fundamental premises on which he had based most of his career , asking , Was I wrong to participate in the invention of this field known as science studies ? He undertakes a trenchant critique of his own field of study and , more generally , of social criticism in contemporary academia . He suggests that critique , as currently practiced , is bordering on irrelevancy . To maintain any vitality , Latour argues that social critiques require a drastic reappraisal : our critical equipment deserves as much critical scrutiny as the Pentagon budget . ( p . 231 ) To regain focus and credibility , Latour argues that social critiques must embrace empiricism , to insist on the cultivation of a stubbornly realist attitude -- to speak like William James . ( p . 233 ) Latour suggests that about 90 per cent of contemporary social criticism displays one of two approaches which he terms the fact position and the fairy position . ( p . 237 ) The fairy position is anti-fetishist , arguing that objects of belief ( e.g. , religion , arts ) are merely concepts created by the projected wishes and desires of the naive believer ; the fact position argues that individuals are dominated , often covertly and without their awareness , by external forces ( e.g. , economics , gender ) . ( p . 238 ) Do you see now why it feels so good to be a critical mind?” asks Latour : no matter which position you take , You’re always right ! ( p . 238-239 ) Social critics tend to use anti-fetishism against ideas they personally reject ; to use an unrepentant positivist approach for fields of study they consider valuable ; all the while thinking as a perfectly healthy sturdy realist for what you really cherish . ( p . 241 ) These inconsistencies and double standards go largely unrecognized in social critique because there is never any crossover between the two lists of objects in the fact position and the fairy position . ( p . 241 ) The practical result of these approaches being taught to millions of students in elite universities for several decades is a widespread and influential critical barbarity that has—like a malign virus created by a mad scientist—thus far proven impossible to control . Most troubling , Latour notes that critical ideas have been appropriated by those he describes as conspiracy theorists , including global warming deniers and the 9/11 Truth movement : Maybe I am taking conspiracy theories too seriously , but I am worried to detect , in those mad mixtures of knee-jerk disbelief , punctilious demands for proofs , and free use of powerful explanation from the social neverland , many of the weapons of social critique . ( p . 230 ) The conclusion of the article is to argue for a positive framing of critique , to help understand how matters of concern can be supported rather than undermined : The critic is not the one who lifts the rugs from under the feet of the naïve believers , but the one who offers the participants arenas in which to gather . The critic is not the one who alternates haphazardly between antifetishism and positivism like the drunk iconoclast drawn by Goya , but the one for whom , if something is constructed , then it means it is fragile and thus in great need of care and caution . Latours article has been highly influential within the field of postcritique , an intellectual movement within literary criticism and cultural studies that seeks to find new forms of reading and interpretation that go beyond the methods of critique , critical theory , and ideological criticism . The literary critic Rita Felski has named Latour as an important precursor to the project of postcritique . Reassembling the Social . In Reassembling the Social ( 2005 ) , Latour continues a reappraisal of his work , developing what he calls a practical metaphysics , which calls real anything that an actor ( one whom we are studying ) claims as a source of motivation for action . So if someone says , I was inspired by God to be charitable to my neighbors we are obliged to recognize the ontological weight of their claim , rather than attempting to replace their belief in Gods presence with social stuff , like class , gender , imperialism , etc . Latour’s nuanced metaphysics demands the existence of a plurality of worlds , and the willingness of the researcher to chart ever more . He argues that researchers must give up the hope of fitting their actors into a structure or framework , but Latour believes the benefits of this sacrifice far outweigh the downsides : Their complex metaphysics would at least be respected , their recalcitrance recognized , their objections deployed , their multiplicity accepted . For Latour , to talk about metaphysics or ontology–what really is–means paying close empirical attention to the various , contradictory institutions and ideas that bring people together and inspire them to act . Here is Latours description of metaphysics : If we call metaphysics the discipline . . . that purports to define the basic structure of the world , then empirical metaphysics is what the controversies over agencies lead to since they ceaselessly populate the world with new drives and , as ceaselessly , contest the existence of others . The question then becomes how to explore the actors own metaphysics . A more traditional metaphysicist might object , arguing that this means there are multiple , contradictory realities , since there are controversies over agencies – since there is a plurality of contradictory ideas that people claim as a basis for action ( God , nature , the state , sexual drives , personal ambition , and so on ) . This objection manifests the most important difference between traditional philosophical metaphysics and Latours nuance : for Latour , there is no basic structure of reality or a single , self-consistent world . An unknowably large multiplicity of realities , or worlds in his terms , exists–one for each actors sources of agency , inspirations for action . Actors bring the real ( metaphysics ) into being . The task of the researcher is not to find one basic structure that explains agency , but to recognize the metaphysical innovations proposed by ordinary actors . Mapping those metaphysical innovations involves a strong dedication to relativism , Latour argues . The relativist researcher learns the actors language , records what they say about what they do , and does not appeal to a higher structure to explain the actors motivations . The relativist takes seriously what [ actors ] are obstinately saying and follows the direction indicated by their fingers when they designate what makes them act . The relativist recognizes the plurality of metaphysics that actors bring into being , and attempts to map them rather than reducing them to a single structure or explanation . Bibliography . Books . - Originally published 1979 in Los Angeles , by Sage Publications |
[
"University of Pittsburgh"
] | easy | Bud Shuster went to which school from 1953 to 1954? | /wiki/Bud_Shuster#P69#0 | Bud Shuster Elmer Greinert Bud Shuster ( ; born January 23 , 1932 ) is an American politician who represented Pennsylvania in the United States House of Representatives as a Republican from 1973 to 2001 . He is best known for his advocacy of transportation projects , including Interstate 99 . Early life and career . Shuster was born in the Pittsburgh suburb of Glassport , Pennsylvania , the son of Grace ( née Greinert ) and Prather Leroy Shuster . He received his B.A . from the University of Pittsburgh in 1954 , where he became a member of Sigma Chi , an M.B.A . from Duquesne University in 1960 , and a Ph.D . from American University in 1967 . Shusters official congressional biography states that he served in the United States Army from 1954 to 1956 . However , he was the author of several books , one of which was titled Believing in America published in 1983 . In this book Shuster states that he was the class president at the University of Pittsburgh and was recruited by the local CIA office on campus and that this was his actual first employment . Shuster describes his role as that of infiltrating civil rights groups eerily similar to COINTELPRO operations of the FBI . Shuster claimed that communist groups were penetrating the civil rights movement to provoke the police into attacking the demonstrators who were marching for equal rights for African-Americans . He claimed communists did this to embarrass the United States in front of the world . His book completely contradicts his later claims to have been in the military . After leaving behind college and military life , Shuster entered the business world . He became a vice-president at RCA , and he made a fortune when he started his own computer business . Congressional service . In 1972 , Shuster decided to enter politics when he entered the Republican primary for the 9th District . The district had previously been the 12th , represented by five-term Republican J . Irving Whalley , who was retiring . He defeated popular state senator D . Elmer Hawbaker of Mercersburg in the Republican primary–the real contest in what has long been one of the most Republican districts in Pennsylvania . The 9th and its predecessors have been in Republican hands for all but six years since 1927 . He breezed to election that November . Shusters election to Congress was on the coattails of President Nixons sweeping re-election victory . As the Watergate revelations against those closest to the president mounted , Shuster adamantly supported the president . Even after the Saturday Night Massacre , in which independent counsel Archibald Cox was fired because he refused to back down in the face of an order by the president to withdraw a subpoena for White House tapes , an event which severely eroded Congressional Republican support and set in motion the impeachment process , Shuster chose to strike out against Cox . On October 31 , 1973 , Shuster introduced House Resolution 677 , which called for an investigation by Congress of Archibald Cox and the staff of the Special Prosecutors office to determine the extent of criminal violations and send the findings to the Justice Department for prosecution . He accompanied the resolution with a statement about Cox : This pompous , pious , self-righteous , supposedly independent special prosecutor is far worse than just political . The resolution was referred to the House Judiciary Committee on November 15 , 1973 , where it died . A year later , even as many Republicans went down to defeat in the face of anti-Watergate backlash , Shuster won a second term with 56 percent of the vote . In Congress , Shuster was one of the opponents of the automobile airbag . He ran for the position of Minority Whip in 1980 , losing to Trent Lott . Shuster chaired the U.S . House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure from 1995 to 2001 . Shuster usually skated to re-election . His bid for a second term would be the only time he would drop below 60 percent of the vote . His most notable challenger came in 1984 when Nancy Kulp , the actress who played Miss Jane Hathaway on The Beverly Hillbillies won the Democratic nomination . Kulp , a native of Pennsylvania , had returned to her home state upon her retirement from acting and received support from her friends in Hollywood . Kulps former co-star Buddy Ebsen , a Republican , contacted the Shuster campaign and volunteered to record radio spots declaring , Hey Nancy , I love you dearly but youre too liberal for me – Ive got to go with Bud Shuster . Shuster went on to win re-election with two-thirds of the vote . It would be the next-to-last time he would face any opposition at all ; from 1986 to 2000 , only one Democrat even filed to run against him . Shuster is best known for taking on his party leadership and President Bill Clinton in the 1990s to keep more of the taxes on motor fuels and air travel in the dedicated federal trust funds they were supposed to go to by law . Shuster won both battles , even though then-Speaker Newt Gingrich and Clinton united to oppose him , wanting to keep the funds available for borrowing for other programs . Those victories meant during his time as chairman numerous transportation projects were funded , including Interstate 99 , the only Interstate highway to have its route number ( a violation of the usual Interstate numbering standard ) written into law . The route was later named the Bud Shuster Highway by Governor Robert Casey . When the transportation authorization bill known by its initials as BESTEA was under consideration , his fellow members joked the letters stood for the Bud E . Shuster Transportation for All Eternity Act for its many pork barrel projects . In 1996 , Shuster was the focus of an ethics investigation by the Congressional Accountability Project stemming from the complex relationship between Representative Shuster and Ann Eppard , a former Shuster aide turned lobbyist , and Rep . Shusters interventions with federal agencies on behalf of a business partner of his sons . In 1998 , Eppard was indicted for taking bribes to influence federal action on Bostons Big Dig highway construction project . In addition , she was accused of having embezzled money from Shusters reelection committee when she served as its assistant treasurer . In 1999 , Eppard pleaded guilty to one misdemeanor charge of receiving improper compensation and paid a $5,000 fine . Eppard died on December 24 , 2005 . Retirement . Shuster resigned from Congress on February 3 , 2001 , just a month after being sworn in for a 15th term . While he claimed health problems , he had also been forced to give up his chairmanship due to a Republican policy of a six-year term limit for committee chairs . He was succeeded by his son Bill , elected in a special election that May . After politics . Shuster retired from politics , but he serves as Visiting Assistant Professor of Political Science at Saint Francis University in Loretto , Pennsylvania , from which he received an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree . Further reading . - Michael Barone and Grant Ujifusa . The Almanac of American Politics , 1994 . Washington , D.C. : National Journal , 1993 . - Michael Barone and Grant Ujifusa . The Almanac of American Politics , 1998 . Washington , D.C. : National Journal , 1997 . - Michael Barone , Richard E . Cohen , and Grant Ujifusa . The Almanac of American Politics , 2002 . Washington , D.C. : National Journal , 2001 . - Congressional Quarterly . Politics in America , 1992 : The 102nd Congress . Washington , D.C. : CQ Press , 1991 . - United States . Congress . Joint Committee on Printing . 1987–1988 Official Congressional Directory , 100th Congress . Duncan Nystrom , editor . Washington , D.C. : United States Government Printing Office , 1987 . - United States . Congress . Joint Committee on Printing . 1991–1992 Official Congressional Directory , 102d Congress . Duncan Nystrom , editor . S . Pub . 102–4 . Washington , D.C. : United States Government Printing Office , 1991 . External links . - Ethics Committee complaint ( 1996 ) |
[
"Duquesne University"
] | easy | Bud Shuster went to which school from 1954 to 1960? | /wiki/Bud_Shuster#P69#1 | Bud Shuster Elmer Greinert Bud Shuster ( ; born January 23 , 1932 ) is an American politician who represented Pennsylvania in the United States House of Representatives as a Republican from 1973 to 2001 . He is best known for his advocacy of transportation projects , including Interstate 99 . Early life and career . Shuster was born in the Pittsburgh suburb of Glassport , Pennsylvania , the son of Grace ( née Greinert ) and Prather Leroy Shuster . He received his B.A . from the University of Pittsburgh in 1954 , where he became a member of Sigma Chi , an M.B.A . from Duquesne University in 1960 , and a Ph.D . from American University in 1967 . Shusters official congressional biography states that he served in the United States Army from 1954 to 1956 . However , he was the author of several books , one of which was titled Believing in America published in 1983 . In this book Shuster states that he was the class president at the University of Pittsburgh and was recruited by the local CIA office on campus and that this was his actual first employment . Shuster describes his role as that of infiltrating civil rights groups eerily similar to COINTELPRO operations of the FBI . Shuster claimed that communist groups were penetrating the civil rights movement to provoke the police into attacking the demonstrators who were marching for equal rights for African-Americans . He claimed communists did this to embarrass the United States in front of the world . His book completely contradicts his later claims to have been in the military . After leaving behind college and military life , Shuster entered the business world . He became a vice-president at RCA , and he made a fortune when he started his own computer business . Congressional service . In 1972 , Shuster decided to enter politics when he entered the Republican primary for the 9th District . The district had previously been the 12th , represented by five-term Republican J . Irving Whalley , who was retiring . He defeated popular state senator D . Elmer Hawbaker of Mercersburg in the Republican primary–the real contest in what has long been one of the most Republican districts in Pennsylvania . The 9th and its predecessors have been in Republican hands for all but six years since 1927 . He breezed to election that November . Shusters election to Congress was on the coattails of President Nixons sweeping re-election victory . As the Watergate revelations against those closest to the president mounted , Shuster adamantly supported the president . Even after the Saturday Night Massacre , in which independent counsel Archibald Cox was fired because he refused to back down in the face of an order by the president to withdraw a subpoena for White House tapes , an event which severely eroded Congressional Republican support and set in motion the impeachment process , Shuster chose to strike out against Cox . On October 31 , 1973 , Shuster introduced House Resolution 677 , which called for an investigation by Congress of Archibald Cox and the staff of the Special Prosecutors office to determine the extent of criminal violations and send the findings to the Justice Department for prosecution . He accompanied the resolution with a statement about Cox : This pompous , pious , self-righteous , supposedly independent special prosecutor is far worse than just political . The resolution was referred to the House Judiciary Committee on November 15 , 1973 , where it died . A year later , even as many Republicans went down to defeat in the face of anti-Watergate backlash , Shuster won a second term with 56 percent of the vote . In Congress , Shuster was one of the opponents of the automobile airbag . He ran for the position of Minority Whip in 1980 , losing to Trent Lott . Shuster chaired the U.S . House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure from 1995 to 2001 . Shuster usually skated to re-election . His bid for a second term would be the only time he would drop below 60 percent of the vote . His most notable challenger came in 1984 when Nancy Kulp , the actress who played Miss Jane Hathaway on The Beverly Hillbillies won the Democratic nomination . Kulp , a native of Pennsylvania , had returned to her home state upon her retirement from acting and received support from her friends in Hollywood . Kulps former co-star Buddy Ebsen , a Republican , contacted the Shuster campaign and volunteered to record radio spots declaring , Hey Nancy , I love you dearly but youre too liberal for me – Ive got to go with Bud Shuster . Shuster went on to win re-election with two-thirds of the vote . It would be the next-to-last time he would face any opposition at all ; from 1986 to 2000 , only one Democrat even filed to run against him . Shuster is best known for taking on his party leadership and President Bill Clinton in the 1990s to keep more of the taxes on motor fuels and air travel in the dedicated federal trust funds they were supposed to go to by law . Shuster won both battles , even though then-Speaker Newt Gingrich and Clinton united to oppose him , wanting to keep the funds available for borrowing for other programs . Those victories meant during his time as chairman numerous transportation projects were funded , including Interstate 99 , the only Interstate highway to have its route number ( a violation of the usual Interstate numbering standard ) written into law . The route was later named the Bud Shuster Highway by Governor Robert Casey . When the transportation authorization bill known by its initials as BESTEA was under consideration , his fellow members joked the letters stood for the Bud E . Shuster Transportation for All Eternity Act for its many pork barrel projects . In 1996 , Shuster was the focus of an ethics investigation by the Congressional Accountability Project stemming from the complex relationship between Representative Shuster and Ann Eppard , a former Shuster aide turned lobbyist , and Rep . Shusters interventions with federal agencies on behalf of a business partner of his sons . In 1998 , Eppard was indicted for taking bribes to influence federal action on Bostons Big Dig highway construction project . In addition , she was accused of having embezzled money from Shusters reelection committee when she served as its assistant treasurer . In 1999 , Eppard pleaded guilty to one misdemeanor charge of receiving improper compensation and paid a $5,000 fine . Eppard died on December 24 , 2005 . Retirement . Shuster resigned from Congress on February 3 , 2001 , just a month after being sworn in for a 15th term . While he claimed health problems , he had also been forced to give up his chairmanship due to a Republican policy of a six-year term limit for committee chairs . He was succeeded by his son Bill , elected in a special election that May . After politics . Shuster retired from politics , but he serves as Visiting Assistant Professor of Political Science at Saint Francis University in Loretto , Pennsylvania , from which he received an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree . Further reading . - Michael Barone and Grant Ujifusa . The Almanac of American Politics , 1994 . Washington , D.C. : National Journal , 1993 . - Michael Barone and Grant Ujifusa . The Almanac of American Politics , 1998 . Washington , D.C. : National Journal , 1997 . - Michael Barone , Richard E . Cohen , and Grant Ujifusa . The Almanac of American Politics , 2002 . Washington , D.C. : National Journal , 2001 . - Congressional Quarterly . Politics in America , 1992 : The 102nd Congress . Washington , D.C. : CQ Press , 1991 . - United States . Congress . Joint Committee on Printing . 1987–1988 Official Congressional Directory , 100th Congress . Duncan Nystrom , editor . Washington , D.C. : United States Government Printing Office , 1987 . - United States . Congress . Joint Committee on Printing . 1991–1992 Official Congressional Directory , 102d Congress . Duncan Nystrom , editor . S . Pub . 102–4 . Washington , D.C. : United States Government Printing Office , 1991 . External links . - Ethics Committee complaint ( 1996 ) |
[
"American University"
] | easy | Where was Bud Shuster educated from 1960 to 1967? | /wiki/Bud_Shuster#P69#2 | Bud Shuster Elmer Greinert Bud Shuster ( ; born January 23 , 1932 ) is an American politician who represented Pennsylvania in the United States House of Representatives as a Republican from 1973 to 2001 . He is best known for his advocacy of transportation projects , including Interstate 99 . Early life and career . Shuster was born in the Pittsburgh suburb of Glassport , Pennsylvania , the son of Grace ( née Greinert ) and Prather Leroy Shuster . He received his B.A . from the University of Pittsburgh in 1954 , where he became a member of Sigma Chi , an M.B.A . from Duquesne University in 1960 , and a Ph.D . from American University in 1967 . Shusters official congressional biography states that he served in the United States Army from 1954 to 1956 . However , he was the author of several books , one of which was titled Believing in America published in 1983 . In this book Shuster states that he was the class president at the University of Pittsburgh and was recruited by the local CIA office on campus and that this was his actual first employment . Shuster describes his role as that of infiltrating civil rights groups eerily similar to COINTELPRO operations of the FBI . Shuster claimed that communist groups were penetrating the civil rights movement to provoke the police into attacking the demonstrators who were marching for equal rights for African-Americans . He claimed communists did this to embarrass the United States in front of the world . His book completely contradicts his later claims to have been in the military . After leaving behind college and military life , Shuster entered the business world . He became a vice-president at RCA , and he made a fortune when he started his own computer business . Congressional service . In 1972 , Shuster decided to enter politics when he entered the Republican primary for the 9th District . The district had previously been the 12th , represented by five-term Republican J . Irving Whalley , who was retiring . He defeated popular state senator D . Elmer Hawbaker of Mercersburg in the Republican primary–the real contest in what has long been one of the most Republican districts in Pennsylvania . The 9th and its predecessors have been in Republican hands for all but six years since 1927 . He breezed to election that November . Shusters election to Congress was on the coattails of President Nixons sweeping re-election victory . As the Watergate revelations against those closest to the president mounted , Shuster adamantly supported the president . Even after the Saturday Night Massacre , in which independent counsel Archibald Cox was fired because he refused to back down in the face of an order by the president to withdraw a subpoena for White House tapes , an event which severely eroded Congressional Republican support and set in motion the impeachment process , Shuster chose to strike out against Cox . On October 31 , 1973 , Shuster introduced House Resolution 677 , which called for an investigation by Congress of Archibald Cox and the staff of the Special Prosecutors office to determine the extent of criminal violations and send the findings to the Justice Department for prosecution . He accompanied the resolution with a statement about Cox : This pompous , pious , self-righteous , supposedly independent special prosecutor is far worse than just political . The resolution was referred to the House Judiciary Committee on November 15 , 1973 , where it died . A year later , even as many Republicans went down to defeat in the face of anti-Watergate backlash , Shuster won a second term with 56 percent of the vote . In Congress , Shuster was one of the opponents of the automobile airbag . He ran for the position of Minority Whip in 1980 , losing to Trent Lott . Shuster chaired the U.S . House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure from 1995 to 2001 . Shuster usually skated to re-election . His bid for a second term would be the only time he would drop below 60 percent of the vote . His most notable challenger came in 1984 when Nancy Kulp , the actress who played Miss Jane Hathaway on The Beverly Hillbillies won the Democratic nomination . Kulp , a native of Pennsylvania , had returned to her home state upon her retirement from acting and received support from her friends in Hollywood . Kulps former co-star Buddy Ebsen , a Republican , contacted the Shuster campaign and volunteered to record radio spots declaring , Hey Nancy , I love you dearly but youre too liberal for me – Ive got to go with Bud Shuster . Shuster went on to win re-election with two-thirds of the vote . It would be the next-to-last time he would face any opposition at all ; from 1986 to 2000 , only one Democrat even filed to run against him . Shuster is best known for taking on his party leadership and President Bill Clinton in the 1990s to keep more of the taxes on motor fuels and air travel in the dedicated federal trust funds they were supposed to go to by law . Shuster won both battles , even though then-Speaker Newt Gingrich and Clinton united to oppose him , wanting to keep the funds available for borrowing for other programs . Those victories meant during his time as chairman numerous transportation projects were funded , including Interstate 99 , the only Interstate highway to have its route number ( a violation of the usual Interstate numbering standard ) written into law . The route was later named the Bud Shuster Highway by Governor Robert Casey . When the transportation authorization bill known by its initials as BESTEA was under consideration , his fellow members joked the letters stood for the Bud E . Shuster Transportation for All Eternity Act for its many pork barrel projects . In 1996 , Shuster was the focus of an ethics investigation by the Congressional Accountability Project stemming from the complex relationship between Representative Shuster and Ann Eppard , a former Shuster aide turned lobbyist , and Rep . Shusters interventions with federal agencies on behalf of a business partner of his sons . In 1998 , Eppard was indicted for taking bribes to influence federal action on Bostons Big Dig highway construction project . In addition , she was accused of having embezzled money from Shusters reelection committee when she served as its assistant treasurer . In 1999 , Eppard pleaded guilty to one misdemeanor charge of receiving improper compensation and paid a $5,000 fine . Eppard died on December 24 , 2005 . Retirement . Shuster resigned from Congress on February 3 , 2001 , just a month after being sworn in for a 15th term . While he claimed health problems , he had also been forced to give up his chairmanship due to a Republican policy of a six-year term limit for committee chairs . He was succeeded by his son Bill , elected in a special election that May . After politics . Shuster retired from politics , but he serves as Visiting Assistant Professor of Political Science at Saint Francis University in Loretto , Pennsylvania , from which he received an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree . Further reading . - Michael Barone and Grant Ujifusa . The Almanac of American Politics , 1994 . Washington , D.C. : National Journal , 1993 . - Michael Barone and Grant Ujifusa . The Almanac of American Politics , 1998 . Washington , D.C. : National Journal , 1997 . - Michael Barone , Richard E . Cohen , and Grant Ujifusa . The Almanac of American Politics , 2002 . Washington , D.C. : National Journal , 2001 . - Congressional Quarterly . Politics in America , 1992 : The 102nd Congress . Washington , D.C. : CQ Press , 1991 . - United States . Congress . Joint Committee on Printing . 1987–1988 Official Congressional Directory , 100th Congress . Duncan Nystrom , editor . Washington , D.C. : United States Government Printing Office , 1987 . - United States . Congress . Joint Committee on Printing . 1991–1992 Official Congressional Directory , 102d Congress . Duncan Nystrom , editor . S . Pub . 102–4 . Washington , D.C. : United States Government Printing Office , 1991 . External links . - Ethics Committee complaint ( 1996 ) |
[
"President of the Nordic Council"
] | easy | What position did Geir Haarde take from 1995 to Dec 1995? | /wiki/Geir_Haarde#P39#0 | Geir Haarde Geir Hilmar Haarde ( ; born 8 April 1951 ) is an Icelandic politician , who served as Prime Minister of Iceland from 15 June 2006 to 1 February 2009 and as President of the Nordic Council in 1995 . Geir was Chairman of the Icelandic Independence Party from 2005 to 2009 . Since 23 February 2015 he has served as the Ambassador of Iceland to the United States and several Latin American countries . Geir initially led a coalition between his party and the Progressive Party . After the 2007 parliamentary election , in which the Independence Party increased its share of the vote , Geir renewed his term as Prime Minister , leading a coalition between his party and the Social Democratic Alliance . That coalition resigned in January 2009 after widespread protests following an economic collapse in October 2008 . In September 2010 , Geir became the first Icelandic minister to be indicted for misconduct in office , and stood trial before the Landsdómur , a special court for such cases . He was convicted on one count , but acquitted of the most serious violations . Life and career . Geir was born in the Icelandic capital Reykjavík , to Tomas Haarde , a Norwegian from Rogaland , and an Icelandic mother . He received his bachelors degree in the United States at Brandeis University as a Wien Scholar , graduating with a degree in economics , then went on to earn two Masters degrees – in international relations from the School of Advanced International Studies of The Johns Hopkins University and in economics from the University of Minnesota . Prior to entering the Althing ( the Icelandic Parliament ) , Geir was an economist at the Central Bank of Iceland from 1977 to 1983 and was a political adviser to the Icelandic Minister of Finance from 1983 to 1987 . He was a member of the Althing for 22 years , 1987–2009 . Geir was Chairman of the Independence Party Parliamentary Group from 1991 to 1998 and a member of the Alþings Foreign Affairs Committee from 1991 to 1998 ; he was Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee from 1995 to 1998 . He served as Minister of Finance from April 1998 to September 2005 and then as Minister for Foreign Affairs from September 2005 to June 2006 . He was elected Chairman of the Independence Party in an uncontested election in October 2005 , following the departure of Davíð Oddsson . Following the announcement of Halldór Ásgrímssons resignation as Prime Minister on 5 June 2006 , Geir succeeded him as Prime Minister on 15 June . On 23 January 2009 , Geir announced that due to health reasons ( malignant oesophageal tumour ) , he would step down as chairman of the Independence Party at the next party congress on 26–29 March 2009 . On the same day , he announced that an early general election would be held on 9 May 2009 , in which he would not be a candidate . Icelandic financial crisis . The end of Geirs tenure as Prime Minister was marked by the dramatic financial crisis which engulfed Iceland from October 2008 . In less than a week , the countrys three major commercial banks ( Glitnir , Landsbanki and Kaupthing ) all had to be taken over by the government as they were unable to roll over their loans . On 26 January 2009 , Geir announced that he and the Social Democrats would not continue in the coalition government . He was replaced by Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir from the Social Democratic Alliance , formerly minister of Social Affairs and Social Security , on 1 February 2009 . Special tribunal . Geir was strongly criticised in the April 2010 report of the Special Investigative Commission into the financial collapse , being accused of negligence along with three other ministers of his government . On 28 September 2010 , Icelands parliament , Althing , voted 33–30 to indict Geir , but not the other ministers , on charges of negligence in office at a session . He was to stand trial before the Landsdómur , a special tribunal to hear cases alleging misconduct in government office : it was the first time Landsdómur has convened since it was established in the 1905 Constitution . On 3 October 2011 , in response to a motion by the defence team to dismiss the case , Landsdómur voted to drop the two first charges against Geir Haarde , concerning gross negligence and failure to have the financial risks assessed , but to continue with the case based on three remaining and lesser charges . At its 40th national convention on 17–20 November 2011 , the Independence Party concluded that accusations against Geir H . Haarde , the former leader of the Independence Party and former Prime Minister , constituted an abhorrent political trial . The convention declared its unequivocal support for Mr . Haarde while noting the serious precedent the parliament had set with its decision to prosecute . The trial began in Reykjavík on 5 March 2012 . Geir Haarde was found guilty on one of four charges on 23 April 2012 , for not addressing the problems that Icelandic banks were facing or their potential consequences for Icelands economy at cabinet meetings . Due to his age , no previous criminal record and the acquittal of the most serious charges , Haarde was not sentenced in the case , and the Icelandic State paid his legal expenses . Haarde decided , as a matter of principle , to refer the whole case to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg ; in November 2017 , the court ruled against him . |
[
"Minister for Foreign Affairs"
] | easy | What position did Geir Haarde take from Sep 2005 to Jun 2006? | /wiki/Geir_Haarde#P39#1 | Geir Haarde Geir Hilmar Haarde ( ; born 8 April 1951 ) is an Icelandic politician , who served as Prime Minister of Iceland from 15 June 2006 to 1 February 2009 and as President of the Nordic Council in 1995 . Geir was Chairman of the Icelandic Independence Party from 2005 to 2009 . Since 23 February 2015 he has served as the Ambassador of Iceland to the United States and several Latin American countries . Geir initially led a coalition between his party and the Progressive Party . After the 2007 parliamentary election , in which the Independence Party increased its share of the vote , Geir renewed his term as Prime Minister , leading a coalition between his party and the Social Democratic Alliance . That coalition resigned in January 2009 after widespread protests following an economic collapse in October 2008 . In September 2010 , Geir became the first Icelandic minister to be indicted for misconduct in office , and stood trial before the Landsdómur , a special court for such cases . He was convicted on one count , but acquitted of the most serious violations . Life and career . Geir was born in the Icelandic capital Reykjavík , to Tomas Haarde , a Norwegian from Rogaland , and an Icelandic mother . He received his bachelors degree in the United States at Brandeis University as a Wien Scholar , graduating with a degree in economics , then went on to earn two Masters degrees – in international relations from the School of Advanced International Studies of The Johns Hopkins University and in economics from the University of Minnesota . Prior to entering the Althing ( the Icelandic Parliament ) , Geir was an economist at the Central Bank of Iceland from 1977 to 1983 and was a political adviser to the Icelandic Minister of Finance from 1983 to 1987 . He was a member of the Althing for 22 years , 1987–2009 . Geir was Chairman of the Independence Party Parliamentary Group from 1991 to 1998 and a member of the Alþings Foreign Affairs Committee from 1991 to 1998 ; he was Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee from 1995 to 1998 . He served as Minister of Finance from April 1998 to September 2005 and then as Minister for Foreign Affairs from September 2005 to June 2006 . He was elected Chairman of the Independence Party in an uncontested election in October 2005 , following the departure of Davíð Oddsson . Following the announcement of Halldór Ásgrímssons resignation as Prime Minister on 5 June 2006 , Geir succeeded him as Prime Minister on 15 June . On 23 January 2009 , Geir announced that due to health reasons ( malignant oesophageal tumour ) , he would step down as chairman of the Independence Party at the next party congress on 26–29 March 2009 . On the same day , he announced that an early general election would be held on 9 May 2009 , in which he would not be a candidate . Icelandic financial crisis . The end of Geirs tenure as Prime Minister was marked by the dramatic financial crisis which engulfed Iceland from October 2008 . In less than a week , the countrys three major commercial banks ( Glitnir , Landsbanki and Kaupthing ) all had to be taken over by the government as they were unable to roll over their loans . On 26 January 2009 , Geir announced that he and the Social Democrats would not continue in the coalition government . He was replaced by Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir from the Social Democratic Alliance , formerly minister of Social Affairs and Social Security , on 1 February 2009 . Special tribunal . Geir was strongly criticised in the April 2010 report of the Special Investigative Commission into the financial collapse , being accused of negligence along with three other ministers of his government . On 28 September 2010 , Icelands parliament , Althing , voted 33–30 to indict Geir , but not the other ministers , on charges of negligence in office at a session . He was to stand trial before the Landsdómur , a special tribunal to hear cases alleging misconduct in government office : it was the first time Landsdómur has convened since it was established in the 1905 Constitution . On 3 October 2011 , in response to a motion by the defence team to dismiss the case , Landsdómur voted to drop the two first charges against Geir Haarde , concerning gross negligence and failure to have the financial risks assessed , but to continue with the case based on three remaining and lesser charges . At its 40th national convention on 17–20 November 2011 , the Independence Party concluded that accusations against Geir H . Haarde , the former leader of the Independence Party and former Prime Minister , constituted an abhorrent political trial . The convention declared its unequivocal support for Mr . Haarde while noting the serious precedent the parliament had set with its decision to prosecute . The trial began in Reykjavík on 5 March 2012 . Geir Haarde was found guilty on one of four charges on 23 April 2012 , for not addressing the problems that Icelandic banks were facing or their potential consequences for Icelands economy at cabinet meetings . Due to his age , no previous criminal record and the acquittal of the most serious charges , Haarde was not sentenced in the case , and the Icelandic State paid his legal expenses . Haarde decided , as a matter of principle , to refer the whole case to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg ; in November 2017 , the court ruled against him . |
[
"Prime Minister of Iceland"
] | easy | What was the position of Geir Haarde from Jun 2006 to May 2007? | /wiki/Geir_Haarde#P39#2 | Geir Haarde Geir Hilmar Haarde ( ; born 8 April 1951 ) is an Icelandic politician , who served as Prime Minister of Iceland from 15 June 2006 to 1 February 2009 and as President of the Nordic Council in 1995 . Geir was Chairman of the Icelandic Independence Party from 2005 to 2009 . Since 23 February 2015 he has served as the Ambassador of Iceland to the United States and several Latin American countries . Geir initially led a coalition between his party and the Progressive Party . After the 2007 parliamentary election , in which the Independence Party increased its share of the vote , Geir renewed his term as Prime Minister , leading a coalition between his party and the Social Democratic Alliance . That coalition resigned in January 2009 after widespread protests following an economic collapse in October 2008 . In September 2010 , Geir became the first Icelandic minister to be indicted for misconduct in office , and stood trial before the Landsdómur , a special court for such cases . He was convicted on one count , but acquitted of the most serious violations . Life and career . Geir was born in the Icelandic capital Reykjavík , to Tomas Haarde , a Norwegian from Rogaland , and an Icelandic mother . He received his bachelors degree in the United States at Brandeis University as a Wien Scholar , graduating with a degree in economics , then went on to earn two Masters degrees – in international relations from the School of Advanced International Studies of The Johns Hopkins University and in economics from the University of Minnesota . Prior to entering the Althing ( the Icelandic Parliament ) , Geir was an economist at the Central Bank of Iceland from 1977 to 1983 and was a political adviser to the Icelandic Minister of Finance from 1983 to 1987 . He was a member of the Althing for 22 years , 1987–2009 . Geir was Chairman of the Independence Party Parliamentary Group from 1991 to 1998 and a member of the Alþings Foreign Affairs Committee from 1991 to 1998 ; he was Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee from 1995 to 1998 . He served as Minister of Finance from April 1998 to September 2005 and then as Minister for Foreign Affairs from September 2005 to June 2006 . He was elected Chairman of the Independence Party in an uncontested election in October 2005 , following the departure of Davíð Oddsson . Following the announcement of Halldór Ásgrímssons resignation as Prime Minister on 5 June 2006 , Geir succeeded him as Prime Minister on 15 June . On 23 January 2009 , Geir announced that due to health reasons ( malignant oesophageal tumour ) , he would step down as chairman of the Independence Party at the next party congress on 26–29 March 2009 . On the same day , he announced that an early general election would be held on 9 May 2009 , in which he would not be a candidate . Icelandic financial crisis . The end of Geirs tenure as Prime Minister was marked by the dramatic financial crisis which engulfed Iceland from October 2008 . In less than a week , the countrys three major commercial banks ( Glitnir , Landsbanki and Kaupthing ) all had to be taken over by the government as they were unable to roll over their loans . On 26 January 2009 , Geir announced that he and the Social Democrats would not continue in the coalition government . He was replaced by Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir from the Social Democratic Alliance , formerly minister of Social Affairs and Social Security , on 1 February 2009 . Special tribunal . Geir was strongly criticised in the April 2010 report of the Special Investigative Commission into the financial collapse , being accused of negligence along with three other ministers of his government . On 28 September 2010 , Icelands parliament , Althing , voted 33–30 to indict Geir , but not the other ministers , on charges of negligence in office at a session . He was to stand trial before the Landsdómur , a special tribunal to hear cases alleging misconduct in government office : it was the first time Landsdómur has convened since it was established in the 1905 Constitution . On 3 October 2011 , in response to a motion by the defence team to dismiss the case , Landsdómur voted to drop the two first charges against Geir Haarde , concerning gross negligence and failure to have the financial risks assessed , but to continue with the case based on three remaining and lesser charges . At its 40th national convention on 17–20 November 2011 , the Independence Party concluded that accusations against Geir H . Haarde , the former leader of the Independence Party and former Prime Minister , constituted an abhorrent political trial . The convention declared its unequivocal support for Mr . Haarde while noting the serious precedent the parliament had set with its decision to prosecute . The trial began in Reykjavík on 5 March 2012 . Geir Haarde was found guilty on one of four charges on 23 April 2012 , for not addressing the problems that Icelandic banks were facing or their potential consequences for Icelands economy at cabinet meetings . Due to his age , no previous criminal record and the acquittal of the most serious charges , Haarde was not sentenced in the case , and the Icelandic State paid his legal expenses . Haarde decided , as a matter of principle , to refer the whole case to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg ; in November 2017 , the court ruled against him . |
[
""
] | easy | What was the position of Geir Haarde from May 2007 to Dec 2007? | /wiki/Geir_Haarde#P39#3 | Geir Haarde Geir Hilmar Haarde ( ; born 8 April 1951 ) is an Icelandic politician , who served as Prime Minister of Iceland from 15 June 2006 to 1 February 2009 and as President of the Nordic Council in 1995 . Geir was Chairman of the Icelandic Independence Party from 2005 to 2009 . Since 23 February 2015 he has served as the Ambassador of Iceland to the United States and several Latin American countries . Geir initially led a coalition between his party and the Progressive Party . After the 2007 parliamentary election , in which the Independence Party increased its share of the vote , Geir renewed his term as Prime Minister , leading a coalition between his party and the Social Democratic Alliance . That coalition resigned in January 2009 after widespread protests following an economic collapse in October 2008 . In September 2010 , Geir became the first Icelandic minister to be indicted for misconduct in office , and stood trial before the Landsdómur , a special court for such cases . He was convicted on one count , but acquitted of the most serious violations . Life and career . Geir was born in the Icelandic capital Reykjavík , to Tomas Haarde , a Norwegian from Rogaland , and an Icelandic mother . He received his bachelors degree in the United States at Brandeis University as a Wien Scholar , graduating with a degree in economics , then went on to earn two Masters degrees – in international relations from the School of Advanced International Studies of The Johns Hopkins University and in economics from the University of Minnesota . Prior to entering the Althing ( the Icelandic Parliament ) , Geir was an economist at the Central Bank of Iceland from 1977 to 1983 and was a political adviser to the Icelandic Minister of Finance from 1983 to 1987 . He was a member of the Althing for 22 years , 1987–2009 . Geir was Chairman of the Independence Party Parliamentary Group from 1991 to 1998 and a member of the Alþings Foreign Affairs Committee from 1991 to 1998 ; he was Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee from 1995 to 1998 . He served as Minister of Finance from April 1998 to September 2005 and then as Minister for Foreign Affairs from September 2005 to June 2006 . He was elected Chairman of the Independence Party in an uncontested election in October 2005 , following the departure of Davíð Oddsson . Following the announcement of Halldór Ásgrímssons resignation as Prime Minister on 5 June 2006 , Geir succeeded him as Prime Minister on 15 June . On 23 January 2009 , Geir announced that due to health reasons ( malignant oesophageal tumour ) , he would step down as chairman of the Independence Party at the next party congress on 26–29 March 2009 . On the same day , he announced that an early general election would be held on 9 May 2009 , in which he would not be a candidate . Icelandic financial crisis . The end of Geirs tenure as Prime Minister was marked by the dramatic financial crisis which engulfed Iceland from October 2008 . In less than a week , the countrys three major commercial banks ( Glitnir , Landsbanki and Kaupthing ) all had to be taken over by the government as they were unable to roll over their loans . On 26 January 2009 , Geir announced that he and the Social Democrats would not continue in the coalition government . He was replaced by Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir from the Social Democratic Alliance , formerly minister of Social Affairs and Social Security , on 1 February 2009 . Special tribunal . Geir was strongly criticised in the April 2010 report of the Special Investigative Commission into the financial collapse , being accused of negligence along with three other ministers of his government . On 28 September 2010 , Icelands parliament , Althing , voted 33–30 to indict Geir , but not the other ministers , on charges of negligence in office at a session . He was to stand trial before the Landsdómur , a special tribunal to hear cases alleging misconduct in government office : it was the first time Landsdómur has convened since it was established in the 1905 Constitution . On 3 October 2011 , in response to a motion by the defence team to dismiss the case , Landsdómur voted to drop the two first charges against Geir Haarde , concerning gross negligence and failure to have the financial risks assessed , but to continue with the case based on three remaining and lesser charges . At its 40th national convention on 17–20 November 2011 , the Independence Party concluded that accusations against Geir H . Haarde , the former leader of the Independence Party and former Prime Minister , constituted an abhorrent political trial . The convention declared its unequivocal support for Mr . Haarde while noting the serious precedent the parliament had set with its decision to prosecute . The trial began in Reykjavík on 5 March 2012 . Geir Haarde was found guilty on one of four charges on 23 April 2012 , for not addressing the problems that Icelandic banks were facing or their potential consequences for Icelands economy at cabinet meetings . Due to his age , no previous criminal record and the acquittal of the most serious charges , Haarde was not sentenced in the case , and the Icelandic State paid his legal expenses . Haarde decided , as a matter of principle , to refer the whole case to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg ; in November 2017 , the court ruled against him . |
[
"LASK"
] | easy | Georg Margreitter played for which team from 2007 to 2008? | /wiki/Georg_Margreitter#P54#0 | Georg Margreitter Georg Margreitter ( born 7 November 1988 ) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a central defender for German Bundesliga side 1 . FC Nürnberg . Career . Margreitter began his professional career with Austrian Bundesliga club LASK Linz in 2007 , making his first team debut on 28 July 2007 against Red Bull Salzburg . Early career . In Summer 2008 he was loaned out to the newly formed Magna Wiener Neustadt . Margreitter established himself as a regular member of their central defence as the club won the Austrian Football First League ( second tier ) . He returned to LASK for the 2009–10 season and was made captain . In Summer 2010 he moved to fellow top flight side Austria Vienna , where he signed a contract until 2013 . Here , he played European football with the team in the UEFA Europa League . Wolverhampton Wanderers . On 24 August 2012 , Margreitter joined English side Wolverhampton Wanderers signing a four-year contract for an undisclosed fee , reported to be around £500,000 . He made his club debut on 30 August 2012 in a 3–1 League Cup win at Northampton . Much of his season was however affected by injury problems , as well as the departure of Ståle Solbakken as manager , while subsequent managers did not select Margreitter . His sole league appearance for the club during the 2012–13 campaign was a ten-minute spell as a substitute in a match at Ipswich . His third and what turned out to be final appearance for the club came in a 6-0 defeat to Chelsea in the League Cup . The season saw the club relegated for a consecutive season , prompting to Margreitter to blog that there had been a lack of hunger among the players to win matches . Out of the plans of new Wolves manager Kenny Jackett , Margreitter was sent on a season-long loan to Copenhagen in September 2013 , where he reunited with his former Wolves manager Ståle Solbakken and played in the Champions League . After returning to Wolves he was loaned out again , joining English League One side Chesterfield in September 2014 in a three-month deal , making 14 appearances in total , scoring once against Notts County . On 4 August 2015 , Wolves announced that Margreitter and the club had reached an agreement to cancel his contract , which had one year left to run . 1 . FC Nürnberg . On 24 August he signed a deal with German 2 . Bundesliga side 1 . FC Nürnberg . He quickly grew out to become an integral part of the defense . In 2018 , Margreitter and Nürnberg reached promotion to the Bundesliga , after having been down in the second tier for four years . On 3 December 2018 , he scored his first Bundesliga-goal in a 1–1 draw against Bayer Leverkusen . External links . - Georg Margreitter Interview |
[
"Magna Wiener Neustadt"
] | easy | Georg Margreitter played for which team from 2008 to 2009? | /wiki/Georg_Margreitter#P54#1 | Georg Margreitter Georg Margreitter ( born 7 November 1988 ) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a central defender for German Bundesliga side 1 . FC Nürnberg . Career . Margreitter began his professional career with Austrian Bundesliga club LASK Linz in 2007 , making his first team debut on 28 July 2007 against Red Bull Salzburg . Early career . In Summer 2008 he was loaned out to the newly formed Magna Wiener Neustadt . Margreitter established himself as a regular member of their central defence as the club won the Austrian Football First League ( second tier ) . He returned to LASK for the 2009–10 season and was made captain . In Summer 2010 he moved to fellow top flight side Austria Vienna , where he signed a contract until 2013 . Here , he played European football with the team in the UEFA Europa League . Wolverhampton Wanderers . On 24 August 2012 , Margreitter joined English side Wolverhampton Wanderers signing a four-year contract for an undisclosed fee , reported to be around £500,000 . He made his club debut on 30 August 2012 in a 3–1 League Cup win at Northampton . Much of his season was however affected by injury problems , as well as the departure of Ståle Solbakken as manager , while subsequent managers did not select Margreitter . His sole league appearance for the club during the 2012–13 campaign was a ten-minute spell as a substitute in a match at Ipswich . His third and what turned out to be final appearance for the club came in a 6-0 defeat to Chelsea in the League Cup . The season saw the club relegated for a consecutive season , prompting to Margreitter to blog that there had been a lack of hunger among the players to win matches . Out of the plans of new Wolves manager Kenny Jackett , Margreitter was sent on a season-long loan to Copenhagen in September 2013 , where he reunited with his former Wolves manager Ståle Solbakken and played in the Champions League . After returning to Wolves he was loaned out again , joining English League One side Chesterfield in September 2014 in a three-month deal , making 14 appearances in total , scoring once against Notts County . On 4 August 2015 , Wolves announced that Margreitter and the club had reached an agreement to cancel his contract , which had one year left to run . 1 . FC Nürnberg . On 24 August he signed a deal with German 2 . Bundesliga side 1 . FC Nürnberg . He quickly grew out to become an integral part of the defense . In 2018 , Margreitter and Nürnberg reached promotion to the Bundesliga , after having been down in the second tier for four years . On 3 December 2018 , he scored his first Bundesliga-goal in a 1–1 draw against Bayer Leverkusen . External links . - Georg Margreitter Interview |
[
"LASK Linz"
] | easy | Georg Margreitter played for which team from 2009 to 2010? | /wiki/Georg_Margreitter#P54#2 | Georg Margreitter Georg Margreitter ( born 7 November 1988 ) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a central defender for German Bundesliga side 1 . FC Nürnberg . Career . Margreitter began his professional career with Austrian Bundesliga club LASK Linz in 2007 , making his first team debut on 28 July 2007 against Red Bull Salzburg . Early career . In Summer 2008 he was loaned out to the newly formed Magna Wiener Neustadt . Margreitter established himself as a regular member of their central defence as the club won the Austrian Football First League ( second tier ) . He returned to LASK for the 2009–10 season and was made captain . In Summer 2010 he moved to fellow top flight side Austria Vienna , where he signed a contract until 2013 . Here , he played European football with the team in the UEFA Europa League . Wolverhampton Wanderers . On 24 August 2012 , Margreitter joined English side Wolverhampton Wanderers signing a four-year contract for an undisclosed fee , reported to be around £500,000 . He made his club debut on 30 August 2012 in a 3–1 League Cup win at Northampton . Much of his season was however affected by injury problems , as well as the departure of Ståle Solbakken as manager , while subsequent managers did not select Margreitter . His sole league appearance for the club during the 2012–13 campaign was a ten-minute spell as a substitute in a match at Ipswich . His third and what turned out to be final appearance for the club came in a 6-0 defeat to Chelsea in the League Cup . The season saw the club relegated for a consecutive season , prompting to Margreitter to blog that there had been a lack of hunger among the players to win matches . Out of the plans of new Wolves manager Kenny Jackett , Margreitter was sent on a season-long loan to Copenhagen in September 2013 , where he reunited with his former Wolves manager Ståle Solbakken and played in the Champions League . After returning to Wolves he was loaned out again , joining English League One side Chesterfield in September 2014 in a three-month deal , making 14 appearances in total , scoring once against Notts County . On 4 August 2015 , Wolves announced that Margreitter and the club had reached an agreement to cancel his contract , which had one year left to run . 1 . FC Nürnberg . On 24 August he signed a deal with German 2 . Bundesliga side 1 . FC Nürnberg . He quickly grew out to become an integral part of the defense . In 2018 , Margreitter and Nürnberg reached promotion to the Bundesliga , after having been down in the second tier for four years . On 3 December 2018 , he scored his first Bundesliga-goal in a 1–1 draw against Bayer Leverkusen . External links . - Georg Margreitter Interview |
[
"Austria Vienna"
] | easy | Which team did Georg Margreitter play for from 2010 to 2012? | /wiki/Georg_Margreitter#P54#3 | Georg Margreitter Georg Margreitter ( born 7 November 1988 ) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a central defender for German Bundesliga side 1 . FC Nürnberg . Career . Margreitter began his professional career with Austrian Bundesliga club LASK Linz in 2007 , making his first team debut on 28 July 2007 against Red Bull Salzburg . Early career . In Summer 2008 he was loaned out to the newly formed Magna Wiener Neustadt . Margreitter established himself as a regular member of their central defence as the club won the Austrian Football First League ( second tier ) . He returned to LASK for the 2009–10 season and was made captain . In Summer 2010 he moved to fellow top flight side Austria Vienna , where he signed a contract until 2013 . Here , he played European football with the team in the UEFA Europa League . Wolverhampton Wanderers . On 24 August 2012 , Margreitter joined English side Wolverhampton Wanderers signing a four-year contract for an undisclosed fee , reported to be around £500,000 . He made his club debut on 30 August 2012 in a 3–1 League Cup win at Northampton . Much of his season was however affected by injury problems , as well as the departure of Ståle Solbakken as manager , while subsequent managers did not select Margreitter . His sole league appearance for the club during the 2012–13 campaign was a ten-minute spell as a substitute in a match at Ipswich . His third and what turned out to be final appearance for the club came in a 6-0 defeat to Chelsea in the League Cup . The season saw the club relegated for a consecutive season , prompting to Margreitter to blog that there had been a lack of hunger among the players to win matches . Out of the plans of new Wolves manager Kenny Jackett , Margreitter was sent on a season-long loan to Copenhagen in September 2013 , where he reunited with his former Wolves manager Ståle Solbakken and played in the Champions League . After returning to Wolves he was loaned out again , joining English League One side Chesterfield in September 2014 in a three-month deal , making 14 appearances in total , scoring once against Notts County . On 4 August 2015 , Wolves announced that Margreitter and the club had reached an agreement to cancel his contract , which had one year left to run . 1 . FC Nürnberg . On 24 August he signed a deal with German 2 . Bundesliga side 1 . FC Nürnberg . He quickly grew out to become an integral part of the defense . In 2018 , Margreitter and Nürnberg reached promotion to the Bundesliga , after having been down in the second tier for four years . On 3 December 2018 , he scored his first Bundesliga-goal in a 1–1 draw against Bayer Leverkusen . External links . - Georg Margreitter Interview |
[
"Wolverhampton Wanderers"
] | easy | Which team did Georg Margreitter play for from 2012 to 2013? | /wiki/Georg_Margreitter#P54#4 | Georg Margreitter Georg Margreitter ( born 7 November 1988 ) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a central defender for German Bundesliga side 1 . FC Nürnberg . Career . Margreitter began his professional career with Austrian Bundesliga club LASK Linz in 2007 , making his first team debut on 28 July 2007 against Red Bull Salzburg . Early career . In Summer 2008 he was loaned out to the newly formed Magna Wiener Neustadt . Margreitter established himself as a regular member of their central defence as the club won the Austrian Football First League ( second tier ) . He returned to LASK for the 2009–10 season and was made captain . In Summer 2010 he moved to fellow top flight side Austria Vienna , where he signed a contract until 2013 . Here , he played European football with the team in the UEFA Europa League . Wolverhampton Wanderers . On 24 August 2012 , Margreitter joined English side Wolverhampton Wanderers signing a four-year contract for an undisclosed fee , reported to be around £500,000 . He made his club debut on 30 August 2012 in a 3–1 League Cup win at Northampton . Much of his season was however affected by injury problems , as well as the departure of Ståle Solbakken as manager , while subsequent managers did not select Margreitter . His sole league appearance for the club during the 2012–13 campaign was a ten-minute spell as a substitute in a match at Ipswich . His third and what turned out to be final appearance for the club came in a 6-0 defeat to Chelsea in the League Cup . The season saw the club relegated for a consecutive season , prompting to Margreitter to blog that there had been a lack of hunger among the players to win matches . Out of the plans of new Wolves manager Kenny Jackett , Margreitter was sent on a season-long loan to Copenhagen in September 2013 , where he reunited with his former Wolves manager Ståle Solbakken and played in the Champions League . After returning to Wolves he was loaned out again , joining English League One side Chesterfield in September 2014 in a three-month deal , making 14 appearances in total , scoring once against Notts County . On 4 August 2015 , Wolves announced that Margreitter and the club had reached an agreement to cancel his contract , which had one year left to run . 1 . FC Nürnberg . On 24 August he signed a deal with German 2 . Bundesliga side 1 . FC Nürnberg . He quickly grew out to become an integral part of the defense . In 2018 , Margreitter and Nürnberg reached promotion to the Bundesliga , after having been down in the second tier for four years . On 3 December 2018 , he scored his first Bundesliga-goal in a 1–1 draw against Bayer Leverkusen . External links . - Georg Margreitter Interview |
[
"Copenhagen"
] | easy | Georg Margreitter played for which team from 2013 to 2014? | /wiki/Georg_Margreitter#P54#5 | Georg Margreitter Georg Margreitter ( born 7 November 1988 ) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a central defender for German Bundesliga side 1 . FC Nürnberg . Career . Margreitter began his professional career with Austrian Bundesliga club LASK Linz in 2007 , making his first team debut on 28 July 2007 against Red Bull Salzburg . Early career . In Summer 2008 he was loaned out to the newly formed Magna Wiener Neustadt . Margreitter established himself as a regular member of their central defence as the club won the Austrian Football First League ( second tier ) . He returned to LASK for the 2009–10 season and was made captain . In Summer 2010 he moved to fellow top flight side Austria Vienna , where he signed a contract until 2013 . Here , he played European football with the team in the UEFA Europa League . Wolverhampton Wanderers . On 24 August 2012 , Margreitter joined English side Wolverhampton Wanderers signing a four-year contract for an undisclosed fee , reported to be around £500,000 . He made his club debut on 30 August 2012 in a 3–1 League Cup win at Northampton . Much of his season was however affected by injury problems , as well as the departure of Ståle Solbakken as manager , while subsequent managers did not select Margreitter . His sole league appearance for the club during the 2012–13 campaign was a ten-minute spell as a substitute in a match at Ipswich . His third and what turned out to be final appearance for the club came in a 6-0 defeat to Chelsea in the League Cup . The season saw the club relegated for a consecutive season , prompting to Margreitter to blog that there had been a lack of hunger among the players to win matches . Out of the plans of new Wolves manager Kenny Jackett , Margreitter was sent on a season-long loan to Copenhagen in September 2013 , where he reunited with his former Wolves manager Ståle Solbakken and played in the Champions League . After returning to Wolves he was loaned out again , joining English League One side Chesterfield in September 2014 in a three-month deal , making 14 appearances in total , scoring once against Notts County . On 4 August 2015 , Wolves announced that Margreitter and the club had reached an agreement to cancel his contract , which had one year left to run . 1 . FC Nürnberg . On 24 August he signed a deal with German 2 . Bundesliga side 1 . FC Nürnberg . He quickly grew out to become an integral part of the defense . In 2018 , Margreitter and Nürnberg reached promotion to the Bundesliga , after having been down in the second tier for four years . On 3 December 2018 , he scored his first Bundesliga-goal in a 1–1 draw against Bayer Leverkusen . External links . - Georg Margreitter Interview |
[
"Chesterfield"
] | easy | Which team did Georg Margreitter play for from 2014 to 2015? | /wiki/Georg_Margreitter#P54#6 | Georg Margreitter Georg Margreitter ( born 7 November 1988 ) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a central defender for German Bundesliga side 1 . FC Nürnberg . Career . Margreitter began his professional career with Austrian Bundesliga club LASK Linz in 2007 , making his first team debut on 28 July 2007 against Red Bull Salzburg . Early career . In Summer 2008 he was loaned out to the newly formed Magna Wiener Neustadt . Margreitter established himself as a regular member of their central defence as the club won the Austrian Football First League ( second tier ) . He returned to LASK for the 2009–10 season and was made captain . In Summer 2010 he moved to fellow top flight side Austria Vienna , where he signed a contract until 2013 . Here , he played European football with the team in the UEFA Europa League . Wolverhampton Wanderers . On 24 August 2012 , Margreitter joined English side Wolverhampton Wanderers signing a four-year contract for an undisclosed fee , reported to be around £500,000 . He made his club debut on 30 August 2012 in a 3–1 League Cup win at Northampton . Much of his season was however affected by injury problems , as well as the departure of Ståle Solbakken as manager , while subsequent managers did not select Margreitter . His sole league appearance for the club during the 2012–13 campaign was a ten-minute spell as a substitute in a match at Ipswich . His third and what turned out to be final appearance for the club came in a 6-0 defeat to Chelsea in the League Cup . The season saw the club relegated for a consecutive season , prompting to Margreitter to blog that there had been a lack of hunger among the players to win matches . Out of the plans of new Wolves manager Kenny Jackett , Margreitter was sent on a season-long loan to Copenhagen in September 2013 , where he reunited with his former Wolves manager Ståle Solbakken and played in the Champions League . After returning to Wolves he was loaned out again , joining English League One side Chesterfield in September 2014 in a three-month deal , making 14 appearances in total , scoring once against Notts County . On 4 August 2015 , Wolves announced that Margreitter and the club had reached an agreement to cancel his contract , which had one year left to run . 1 . FC Nürnberg . On 24 August he signed a deal with German 2 . Bundesliga side 1 . FC Nürnberg . He quickly grew out to become an integral part of the defense . In 2018 , Margreitter and Nürnberg reached promotion to the Bundesliga , after having been down in the second tier for four years . On 3 December 2018 , he scored his first Bundesliga-goal in a 1–1 draw against Bayer Leverkusen . External links . - Georg Margreitter Interview |
[
"FC Nürnberg"
] | easy | Which team did the player Georg Margreitter belong to from 2015 to 2016? | /wiki/Georg_Margreitter#P54#7 | Georg Margreitter Georg Margreitter ( born 7 November 1988 ) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a central defender for German Bundesliga side 1 . FC Nürnberg . Career . Margreitter began his professional career with Austrian Bundesliga club LASK Linz in 2007 , making his first team debut on 28 July 2007 against Red Bull Salzburg . Early career . In Summer 2008 he was loaned out to the newly formed Magna Wiener Neustadt . Margreitter established himself as a regular member of their central defence as the club won the Austrian Football First League ( second tier ) . He returned to LASK for the 2009–10 season and was made captain . In Summer 2010 he moved to fellow top flight side Austria Vienna , where he signed a contract until 2013 . Here , he played European football with the team in the UEFA Europa League . Wolverhampton Wanderers . On 24 August 2012 , Margreitter joined English side Wolverhampton Wanderers signing a four-year contract for an undisclosed fee , reported to be around £500,000 . He made his club debut on 30 August 2012 in a 3–1 League Cup win at Northampton . Much of his season was however affected by injury problems , as well as the departure of Ståle Solbakken as manager , while subsequent managers did not select Margreitter . His sole league appearance for the club during the 2012–13 campaign was a ten-minute spell as a substitute in a match at Ipswich . His third and what turned out to be final appearance for the club came in a 6-0 defeat to Chelsea in the League Cup . The season saw the club relegated for a consecutive season , prompting to Margreitter to blog that there had been a lack of hunger among the players to win matches . Out of the plans of new Wolves manager Kenny Jackett , Margreitter was sent on a season-long loan to Copenhagen in September 2013 , where he reunited with his former Wolves manager Ståle Solbakken and played in the Champions League . After returning to Wolves he was loaned out again , joining English League One side Chesterfield in September 2014 in a three-month deal , making 14 appearances in total , scoring once against Notts County . On 4 August 2015 , Wolves announced that Margreitter and the club had reached an agreement to cancel his contract , which had one year left to run . 1 . FC Nürnberg . On 24 August he signed a deal with German 2 . Bundesliga side 1 . FC Nürnberg . He quickly grew out to become an integral part of the defense . In 2018 , Margreitter and Nürnberg reached promotion to the Bundesliga , after having been down in the second tier for four years . On 3 December 2018 , he scored his first Bundesliga-goal in a 1–1 draw against Bayer Leverkusen . External links . - Georg Margreitter Interview |
[
"Member of Parliament for Plymouth Moor"
] | easy | What was the position of Johnny Mercer (politician) from May 2015 to May 2017? | /wiki/Johnny_Mercer_(politician)#P39#0 | Johnny Mercer ( politician ) John Luther Mercer ( born 17 August 1981 ) is a British Conservative politician and former British Army officer . He has served as the Member of Parliament for Plymouth Moor View since 2015 . Mercer served as Minister for Defence People and Veterans from 28 July 2019 until 20 April 2021 , when , after notifying the Chief Whip that he intended resigning , he was dismissed by Prime Minister Boris Johnson . Early life and career . John Mercer was born in Dartford on 17 August 1981 . The son of a banker and a nurse , he grew up in a strict Baptist family with seven siblings . Between 1995 and 2000 , he was educated at Eastbourne College , a co-educational independent school in Eastbourne in East Sussex . After completing school , he worked as an intern in the City of London from 2000–02 instead of attending university . Military career . Mercer was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Artillery after graduating from the Royal Military Academy , Sandhurst , in June 2003 and was promoted to lieutenant in April 2005 . Mercer passed the All Arms Commando Course and served mostly with 29th Commando Regiment Royal Artillery and 3rd Regiment Royal Horse Artillery . He did three tours in Afghanistan : as a liaison and training officer with Afghan forces ; attached to a Special Forces unit ; and as a co-ordinator of artillery and air strikes in support of ground operations . Mercer retired from military service in December 2013 with the rank of captain . Two years after becoming an MP , in June 2017 , Mercer published We Were Warriors : One Soldiers Story of Brutal Combat , a memoir of his upbringing and army service , especially his time in Afghanistan . Political career . Member of Parliament . Mercer has said publicly that he had not been politically active in his younger years and the first time he voted was for himself when he first ran for office . He said that he entered politics with a view to improving the care of veterans and felt that he was a Conservative because he regarded a massive welfare state that saps the ambition and drive of a younger generation as a problem . After contacting ex-military Conservative MP Bob Stewart , he was selected as the Conservative Party candidate for Plymouth Moor View two months after leaving the army in February 2014 . Mercer has said he was largely responsible for organising his own campaign on the cheap . To raise funds , he worked on building sites and even appeared in a Dove shower gel advert . He was first elected to the House of Commons as the Member of Parliament for Plymouth Moor View at the 2015 general election ; defeating the incumbent Labour MP , Alison Seabeck . Mercer delivered his maiden speech in the House of Commons on 1 June 2015 , describing his main missions in Parliament to be improving provision for mental health and support for war veterans . He has been critical of the Iraq Historic Allegations Team . Mercer was opposed to Brexit prior to the 2016 EU referendum . He later said that the result to leave should be respected . Mercer was re-elected with an increased majority at the snap 2017 general election , and he has focused on care for veterans . In July 2018 after he appeared in Celebrity Hunted . This was a Channel 4 television programme where participants go on the run and images are released of them so people can try to track them down . While taking part in the programme he missed the meeting of the Health and Social Care Committee , of which he was a member , shortly before Parliament broke up for the summer recess . Mercer defended his decision , stating that he had used his position to raise money for charity and had brought his parliamentary roles into filming . In October 2018 , Mercer took on a second job working twenty hours a month as a consultant to Crucial Academy for a salary of £85,000 ( equivalent to £350 per hour ) . Local Labour candidate Charlotte Holloway accused him of neglecting his constituency duties to earn a staggering amount of money . Mercer said the accusation smacked of political jealousy . In April 2019 the BBC reported that his salary at Crucial Academy was funded by the marketing agent for the failed London Capital and Finance bond scheme , although Crucial Group later denied this . In an interview with The House magazine in October 2018 , Mercer suggested that his values no longer aligned with the current Conservative party leadership and said there would be absolutely no chance that he would start as a candidate of the party at this time . In the House of Commons he sat on the Defence Committee , the Defence Sub-Committee ( 2015–19 ) and the Health and Social Care Committee ( 2017–19 ) . On 8 May 2019 , Mercer announced that he would no longer support the governments legislative agenda until it ended the system for prosecuting historical allegations against British soldiers , in particular in relation to actions during the British Armys presence in Northern Ireland during the Troubles of the latter third of the twentieth century . Expenses . Mercer has been challenged over his expenses several times . His campaign to get elected as an MP in 2015 was subsequently the subject of a police investigation following allegations that it breached rules on campaign spending . Mercer admitted to police that his account of expenses had been incorrect , but stated that the errors were minor and his spending had not breached legal limits . The Crown Prosecution Service decided not to charge him , and the case was dropped . In November 2015 , he was criticised by the TaxPayers Alliance after it was revealed he had purchased five Apple iMac computers on his Commons expenses , rather than cheaper equivalents . Mercer responded that the purchases were appropriate and were cheaper than the desktop computers offered to MPs by the House of Commons official supplier . He was criticised in May 2016 for claiming £2,500 on expenses for professional services on social media management , and in December 2017 the Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority opened an investigation to determine whether Mercer had been paid business expenses he should not have been . As of 2015 , Mercer employed his wife on a part-time basis . Junior ministerial role . Mercer was an early backer of Boris Johnson in the 2019 Conservative Party leadership election . He said that he believed Boris is the man of the moment and was capable of securing a better Brexit deal for the United Kingdom . On 28 July 2019 , Mercer was appointed as Minister for Defence People and Veterans in Johnsons government . In the role , Mercers responsibility includes armed forces personnel and veterans welfare . Mercer was also tasked by the Prime Minister to focus on ending the legal pursuit of former service personnel , especially those who had served during the Troubles in Northern Ireland . On 27 September 2019 , Mercer was accused of having broken the ministerial code for not resigning from his role at a training firm whilst in government . He held a second job as a director of Crucial Academy Ltd , which retrains former military personnel . Shadow Cabinet ministers Tom Watson and Nia Griffith wrote a letter to the Cabinet Secretary Mark Sedwill asking him to investigate whether Mercer had broken the code through his directorship at the company . Mercer held his seat in the 2019 general election , increasing his majority to nearly 13,000 votes . On 20 April 2021 , Mercer was sacked by text after offering to resign at the end of Wednesday 21 April , but refusing to go earlier . In a tweet , Mercer said he was relieved of [ his ] responsibilities in Government because of his disagreements with the scope of the proposed Overseas Operations Bill . This new government law is designed to protect veterans from historical criminal prosecutions . However , Mercer said it was a red line for him that British soldiers who served in Northern Ireland are excluded from the Bill . He told Times Radio that he thought the Second Johnson ministry was the most distrustful , awful environment Ive ever worked in . Personal life . Mercer is married to Felicity and they have three children . The family live in a small village on the edge of Bodmin Moor , in Cornwall . For his work in Parliament , Mercer stays in a hotel on expenses . When first elected , he slept in East London on his boat several nights a week , stating in The Daily Telegraph at the time that it reduced his expenses costs . After local media reported he had started using hotels instead , he said it was due to the weather conditions and that his expenses claims were still lower than the maximum that could be allowed . On a summer boat trip in 2016 , he saved the life of fellow Conservative MP Scott Mann who fell into the water having previously been ashamed to admit he could not swim . In August 2020 , Mercer sustained a serious head injury while canoeing and spent three nights in hospital . External links . - Official website - Ex-Army heads criticise investigation into Iraq abuse allegations on the BBC website |
[
"MP"
] | easy | What was the position of Johnny Mercer (politician) from Jun 2017 to Nov 2019? | /wiki/Johnny_Mercer_(politician)#P39#1 | Johnny Mercer ( politician ) John Luther Mercer ( born 17 August 1981 ) is a British Conservative politician and former British Army officer . He has served as the Member of Parliament for Plymouth Moor View since 2015 . Mercer served as Minister for Defence People and Veterans from 28 July 2019 until 20 April 2021 , when , after notifying the Chief Whip that he intended resigning , he was dismissed by Prime Minister Boris Johnson . Early life and career . John Mercer was born in Dartford on 17 August 1981 . The son of a banker and a nurse , he grew up in a strict Baptist family with seven siblings . Between 1995 and 2000 , he was educated at Eastbourne College , a co-educational independent school in Eastbourne in East Sussex . After completing school , he worked as an intern in the City of London from 2000–02 instead of attending university . Military career . Mercer was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Artillery after graduating from the Royal Military Academy , Sandhurst , in June 2003 and was promoted to lieutenant in April 2005 . Mercer passed the All Arms Commando Course and served mostly with 29th Commando Regiment Royal Artillery and 3rd Regiment Royal Horse Artillery . He did three tours in Afghanistan : as a liaison and training officer with Afghan forces ; attached to a Special Forces unit ; and as a co-ordinator of artillery and air strikes in support of ground operations . Mercer retired from military service in December 2013 with the rank of captain . Two years after becoming an MP , in June 2017 , Mercer published We Were Warriors : One Soldiers Story of Brutal Combat , a memoir of his upbringing and army service , especially his time in Afghanistan . Political career . Member of Parliament . Mercer has said publicly that he had not been politically active in his younger years and the first time he voted was for himself when he first ran for office . He said that he entered politics with a view to improving the care of veterans and felt that he was a Conservative because he regarded a massive welfare state that saps the ambition and drive of a younger generation as a problem . After contacting ex-military Conservative MP Bob Stewart , he was selected as the Conservative Party candidate for Plymouth Moor View two months after leaving the army in February 2014 . Mercer has said he was largely responsible for organising his own campaign on the cheap . To raise funds , he worked on building sites and even appeared in a Dove shower gel advert . He was first elected to the House of Commons as the Member of Parliament for Plymouth Moor View at the 2015 general election ; defeating the incumbent Labour MP , Alison Seabeck . Mercer delivered his maiden speech in the House of Commons on 1 June 2015 , describing his main missions in Parliament to be improving provision for mental health and support for war veterans . He has been critical of the Iraq Historic Allegations Team . Mercer was opposed to Brexit prior to the 2016 EU referendum . He later said that the result to leave should be respected . Mercer was re-elected with an increased majority at the snap 2017 general election , and he has focused on care for veterans . In July 2018 after he appeared in Celebrity Hunted . This was a Channel 4 television programme where participants go on the run and images are released of them so people can try to track them down . While taking part in the programme he missed the meeting of the Health and Social Care Committee , of which he was a member , shortly before Parliament broke up for the summer recess . Mercer defended his decision , stating that he had used his position to raise money for charity and had brought his parliamentary roles into filming . In October 2018 , Mercer took on a second job working twenty hours a month as a consultant to Crucial Academy for a salary of £85,000 ( equivalent to £350 per hour ) . Local Labour candidate Charlotte Holloway accused him of neglecting his constituency duties to earn a staggering amount of money . Mercer said the accusation smacked of political jealousy . In April 2019 the BBC reported that his salary at Crucial Academy was funded by the marketing agent for the failed London Capital and Finance bond scheme , although Crucial Group later denied this . In an interview with The House magazine in October 2018 , Mercer suggested that his values no longer aligned with the current Conservative party leadership and said there would be absolutely no chance that he would start as a candidate of the party at this time . In the House of Commons he sat on the Defence Committee , the Defence Sub-Committee ( 2015–19 ) and the Health and Social Care Committee ( 2017–19 ) . On 8 May 2019 , Mercer announced that he would no longer support the governments legislative agenda until it ended the system for prosecuting historical allegations against British soldiers , in particular in relation to actions during the British Armys presence in Northern Ireland during the Troubles of the latter third of the twentieth century . Expenses . Mercer has been challenged over his expenses several times . His campaign to get elected as an MP in 2015 was subsequently the subject of a police investigation following allegations that it breached rules on campaign spending . Mercer admitted to police that his account of expenses had been incorrect , but stated that the errors were minor and his spending had not breached legal limits . The Crown Prosecution Service decided not to charge him , and the case was dropped . In November 2015 , he was criticised by the TaxPayers Alliance after it was revealed he had purchased five Apple iMac computers on his Commons expenses , rather than cheaper equivalents . Mercer responded that the purchases were appropriate and were cheaper than the desktop computers offered to MPs by the House of Commons official supplier . He was criticised in May 2016 for claiming £2,500 on expenses for professional services on social media management , and in December 2017 the Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority opened an investigation to determine whether Mercer had been paid business expenses he should not have been . As of 2015 , Mercer employed his wife on a part-time basis . Junior ministerial role . Mercer was an early backer of Boris Johnson in the 2019 Conservative Party leadership election . He said that he believed Boris is the man of the moment and was capable of securing a better Brexit deal for the United Kingdom . On 28 July 2019 , Mercer was appointed as Minister for Defence People and Veterans in Johnsons government . In the role , Mercers responsibility includes armed forces personnel and veterans welfare . Mercer was also tasked by the Prime Minister to focus on ending the legal pursuit of former service personnel , especially those who had served during the Troubles in Northern Ireland . On 27 September 2019 , Mercer was accused of having broken the ministerial code for not resigning from his role at a training firm whilst in government . He held a second job as a director of Crucial Academy Ltd , which retrains former military personnel . Shadow Cabinet ministers Tom Watson and Nia Griffith wrote a letter to the Cabinet Secretary Mark Sedwill asking him to investigate whether Mercer had broken the code through his directorship at the company . Mercer held his seat in the 2019 general election , increasing his majority to nearly 13,000 votes . On 20 April 2021 , Mercer was sacked by text after offering to resign at the end of Wednesday 21 April , but refusing to go earlier . In a tweet , Mercer said he was relieved of [ his ] responsibilities in Government because of his disagreements with the scope of the proposed Overseas Operations Bill . This new government law is designed to protect veterans from historical criminal prosecutions . However , Mercer said it was a red line for him that British soldiers who served in Northern Ireland are excluded from the Bill . He told Times Radio that he thought the Second Johnson ministry was the most distrustful , awful environment Ive ever worked in . Personal life . Mercer is married to Felicity and they have three children . The family live in a small village on the edge of Bodmin Moor , in Cornwall . For his work in Parliament , Mercer stays in a hotel on expenses . When first elected , he slept in East London on his boat several nights a week , stating in The Daily Telegraph at the time that it reduced his expenses costs . After local media reported he had started using hotels instead , he said it was due to the weather conditions and that his expenses claims were still lower than the maximum that could be allowed . On a summer boat trip in 2016 , he saved the life of fellow Conservative MP Scott Mann who fell into the water having previously been ashamed to admit he could not swim . In August 2020 , Mercer sustained a serious head injury while canoeing and spent three nights in hospital . External links . - Official website - Ex-Army heads criticise investigation into Iraq abuse allegations on the BBC website |
[
"Member of Parliament"
] | easy | What was the position of Johnny Mercer (politician) from Dec 2019 to Dec 2020? | /wiki/Johnny_Mercer_(politician)#P39#2 | Johnny Mercer ( politician ) John Luther Mercer ( born 17 August 1981 ) is a British Conservative politician and former British Army officer . He has served as the Member of Parliament for Plymouth Moor View since 2015 . Mercer served as Minister for Defence People and Veterans from 28 July 2019 until 20 April 2021 , when , after notifying the Chief Whip that he intended resigning , he was dismissed by Prime Minister Boris Johnson . Early life and career . John Mercer was born in Dartford on 17 August 1981 . The son of a banker and a nurse , he grew up in a strict Baptist family with seven siblings . Between 1995 and 2000 , he was educated at Eastbourne College , a co-educational independent school in Eastbourne in East Sussex . After completing school , he worked as an intern in the City of London from 2000–02 instead of attending university . Military career . Mercer was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Artillery after graduating from the Royal Military Academy , Sandhurst , in June 2003 and was promoted to lieutenant in April 2005 . Mercer passed the All Arms Commando Course and served mostly with 29th Commando Regiment Royal Artillery and 3rd Regiment Royal Horse Artillery . He did three tours in Afghanistan : as a liaison and training officer with Afghan forces ; attached to a Special Forces unit ; and as a co-ordinator of artillery and air strikes in support of ground operations . Mercer retired from military service in December 2013 with the rank of captain . Two years after becoming an MP , in June 2017 , Mercer published We Were Warriors : One Soldiers Story of Brutal Combat , a memoir of his upbringing and army service , especially his time in Afghanistan . Political career . Member of Parliament . Mercer has said publicly that he had not been politically active in his younger years and the first time he voted was for himself when he first ran for office . He said that he entered politics with a view to improving the care of veterans and felt that he was a Conservative because he regarded a massive welfare state that saps the ambition and drive of a younger generation as a problem . After contacting ex-military Conservative MP Bob Stewart , he was selected as the Conservative Party candidate for Plymouth Moor View two months after leaving the army in February 2014 . Mercer has said he was largely responsible for organising his own campaign on the cheap . To raise funds , he worked on building sites and even appeared in a Dove shower gel advert . He was first elected to the House of Commons as the Member of Parliament for Plymouth Moor View at the 2015 general election ; defeating the incumbent Labour MP , Alison Seabeck . Mercer delivered his maiden speech in the House of Commons on 1 June 2015 , describing his main missions in Parliament to be improving provision for mental health and support for war veterans . He has been critical of the Iraq Historic Allegations Team . Mercer was opposed to Brexit prior to the 2016 EU referendum . He later said that the result to leave should be respected . Mercer was re-elected with an increased majority at the snap 2017 general election , and he has focused on care for veterans . In July 2018 after he appeared in Celebrity Hunted . This was a Channel 4 television programme where participants go on the run and images are released of them so people can try to track them down . While taking part in the programme he missed the meeting of the Health and Social Care Committee , of which he was a member , shortly before Parliament broke up for the summer recess . Mercer defended his decision , stating that he had used his position to raise money for charity and had brought his parliamentary roles into filming . In October 2018 , Mercer took on a second job working twenty hours a month as a consultant to Crucial Academy for a salary of £85,000 ( equivalent to £350 per hour ) . Local Labour candidate Charlotte Holloway accused him of neglecting his constituency duties to earn a staggering amount of money . Mercer said the accusation smacked of political jealousy . In April 2019 the BBC reported that his salary at Crucial Academy was funded by the marketing agent for the failed London Capital and Finance bond scheme , although Crucial Group later denied this . In an interview with The House magazine in October 2018 , Mercer suggested that his values no longer aligned with the current Conservative party leadership and said there would be absolutely no chance that he would start as a candidate of the party at this time . In the House of Commons he sat on the Defence Committee , the Defence Sub-Committee ( 2015–19 ) and the Health and Social Care Committee ( 2017–19 ) . On 8 May 2019 , Mercer announced that he would no longer support the governments legislative agenda until it ended the system for prosecuting historical allegations against British soldiers , in particular in relation to actions during the British Armys presence in Northern Ireland during the Troubles of the latter third of the twentieth century . Expenses . Mercer has been challenged over his expenses several times . His campaign to get elected as an MP in 2015 was subsequently the subject of a police investigation following allegations that it breached rules on campaign spending . Mercer admitted to police that his account of expenses had been incorrect , but stated that the errors were minor and his spending had not breached legal limits . The Crown Prosecution Service decided not to charge him , and the case was dropped . In November 2015 , he was criticised by the TaxPayers Alliance after it was revealed he had purchased five Apple iMac computers on his Commons expenses , rather than cheaper equivalents . Mercer responded that the purchases were appropriate and were cheaper than the desktop computers offered to MPs by the House of Commons official supplier . He was criticised in May 2016 for claiming £2,500 on expenses for professional services on social media management , and in December 2017 the Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority opened an investigation to determine whether Mercer had been paid business expenses he should not have been . As of 2015 , Mercer employed his wife on a part-time basis . Junior ministerial role . Mercer was an early backer of Boris Johnson in the 2019 Conservative Party leadership election . He said that he believed Boris is the man of the moment and was capable of securing a better Brexit deal for the United Kingdom . On 28 July 2019 , Mercer was appointed as Minister for Defence People and Veterans in Johnsons government . In the role , Mercers responsibility includes armed forces personnel and veterans welfare . Mercer was also tasked by the Prime Minister to focus on ending the legal pursuit of former service personnel , especially those who had served during the Troubles in Northern Ireland . On 27 September 2019 , Mercer was accused of having broken the ministerial code for not resigning from his role at a training firm whilst in government . He held a second job as a director of Crucial Academy Ltd , which retrains former military personnel . Shadow Cabinet ministers Tom Watson and Nia Griffith wrote a letter to the Cabinet Secretary Mark Sedwill asking him to investigate whether Mercer had broken the code through his directorship at the company . Mercer held his seat in the 2019 general election , increasing his majority to nearly 13,000 votes . On 20 April 2021 , Mercer was sacked by text after offering to resign at the end of Wednesday 21 April , but refusing to go earlier . In a tweet , Mercer said he was relieved of [ his ] responsibilities in Government because of his disagreements with the scope of the proposed Overseas Operations Bill . This new government law is designed to protect veterans from historical criminal prosecutions . However , Mercer said it was a red line for him that British soldiers who served in Northern Ireland are excluded from the Bill . He told Times Radio that he thought the Second Johnson ministry was the most distrustful , awful environment Ive ever worked in . Personal life . Mercer is married to Felicity and they have three children . The family live in a small village on the edge of Bodmin Moor , in Cornwall . For his work in Parliament , Mercer stays in a hotel on expenses . When first elected , he slept in East London on his boat several nights a week , stating in The Daily Telegraph at the time that it reduced his expenses costs . After local media reported he had started using hotels instead , he said it was due to the weather conditions and that his expenses claims were still lower than the maximum that could be allowed . On a summer boat trip in 2016 , he saved the life of fellow Conservative MP Scott Mann who fell into the water having previously been ashamed to admit he could not swim . In August 2020 , Mercer sustained a serious head injury while canoeing and spent three nights in hospital . External links . - Official website - Ex-Army heads criticise investigation into Iraq abuse allegations on the BBC website |
[
"Member of the Legislative Assembly"
] | easy | Naomi Long took which position from Nov 2003 to 2007? | /wiki/Naomi_Long#P39#0 | Naomi Long Naomi Rachel Long MLA ( née Johnston ; born 13 December 1971 ) is a politician in Northern Ireland , who has served as Minister of Justice in the Northern Ireland Executive since January 2020 and leader of the Alliance Party since 2016 . She has served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly ( MLA ) for Belfast East since 2020 having held the same seat from 2003 to 2010 , and between 2016 and 2019 . She previously served as Lord Mayor of Belfast from 2009 to 2010 , Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Belfast East between 2010 and 2015 , and Member of the European Parliament ( MEP ) for Northern Ireland from 2019 to 2020 . Having served as a local councillor , MLA , MP and MEP , Long is the only active politician in Northern Ireland to have served in every elected position , as well as having served as a mayor , party leader , deputy leader , and a minister . Background . Born in East Belfast , she attended Mersey Street Primary and Bloomfield Collegiate School . She graduated from Queens University of Belfast with a degree in civil engineering in 1994 , worked in a structural engineering consultancy for two years , held a research and training post at Queens University for three years , and then went back into environmental and hydraulic engineering consultancy for four years . Political career . She first took political office in 2001 when she was elected to Belfast City Council for the Victoria ward . In 2003 Long was elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly for Belfast East , succeeding her fellow party member John Alderdice . In 2006 she was named deputy leader of her party . In 2007 she more than doubled the partys vote in the constituency , being placed second ahead of the leader of the Ulster Unionist Party . The overall UUP vote , however , was 22% . At 18.8% , her vote share was higher than that for Alderdice in 1998 . On 1 June 2009 she was elected as Lord Mayor of Belfast , defeating William Humphrey ( Democratic Unionist Party ) by 26 votes to 24 in a vote at a council meeting . She became the second woman to hold the post , after Grace Bannister ( 1981–82 ) . Member of Parliament . On 6 May 2010 she defeated Peter Robinson , First Minister of Northern Ireland and leader of the DUP , to become Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Belfast East in the House of Commons . She became the first MP elected to Westminster for the Alliance Party ( previously , Stratton Mills , a former Ulster Unionist Party MP , had changed parties to Alliance ) . Long also became the first Liberal-affiliated MP elected to Westminster in Northern Ireland since James Brown Dougherty in Londonderry City in 1914 . Despite the close relationship between the Alliance Party and the Liberal Democrats , Long did not sit with the coalition government nor take the coalition whip and was not a member of the Liberal Democrats . On 10 December 2012 , Long received a number of death threats and a petrol bomb was thrown inside an unmarked police car guarding her constituency office . This violence erupted as a reaction by Ulster loyalists to the decision by Alliance Party members of Belfast City Council to vote in favour of restricting the flying of the Union flag at Belfast City Hall to 17 specific days throughout the year . In 2015 , Long lost her seat in the Commons to Gavin Robinson of the DUP , as a result of a five-party unionist pact in the constituency which saw the UUP , UKIP , TUV and PUP all stand aside in favour of Robinson . Return to the Northern Ireland Assembly . In January 2016 , Long announced that she would return as an Assembly candidate in the 2016 elections having been nominated in place of incumbent Judith Cochrane . She was subsequently elected on the first count with 14.7% of first-preference votes . Following her return to the Assembly , Long assumed positions on the Committee for Communities , the All Party Group on Fairtrade , the All Party Group for Housing , and chaired the All Party Group on Science , Technology , Engineering and Mathematics . In August 2016 , Long called for Sinn Féins Máirtín Ó Muilleoir to stand aside as Minister of Finance during an investigation of the Stormont Finance Committees handling of its Nama inquiry , while ÓMuilleoir was a committee member . This followed allegations that his party had coached loyalist blogger Jamie Bryson prior to his appearance before the committee . In November 2016 , Long criticised Sinn Féin and the DUP for delaying the publication of a working group report on abortion , which recommended legislative changes in cases of fatal foetal abnormality , calling on the Executive to act without further delay to help women who decide to seek a termination in these very difficult circumstances . Leader of the Alliance Party . On 26 October 2016 , Long was elected Alliance leader unopposed following the resignation of David Ford . In the first manifesto released under her leadership , Long affirmed her commitment to building a united , open , liberal and progressive society . Her partys legislative priorities were revealed to include the harmonisation and strengthening of equality and anti-discrimination measures , the introduction of civil marriage equality , development of integrated education and a Northern Ireland framework to tackle climate change . In the 2017 Assembly election , Long topped the poll in Belfast East and was returned to the Assembly with 18.9% of first-preference votes . The election was widely viewed as a success for Alliance , with the party increasing its vote share by 2 percentage points and retaining all of its seats in a smaller Assembly . The party subsequently held the balance of power at Stormont . Alliance targeted two seats in South and Belfast East in the 2017 general election . During the campaign , Long reaffirmed her support for a Peoples Vote , marriage equality , Votes at 16 and greater transparency surrounding political donations . She also pledged to oppose any rollback of the Human Rights Act . Following the collapse of talks to restore devolution in February 2018 , Long reiterated her view that the pay of MLAs should be cut in the absence of a functioning Executive . In March 2018 , Alliance launched its Next Steps Forward paper , outlining a number of proposals aimed at breaking the deadlock and Stormont . At the 2019 Alliance Party Conference , she accused Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Karen Bradley of an appalling dereliction of duty over the ongoing stalemate , saying that she had made no concerted effort to end this interminable drift despite it allegedly being her top priority . In the 2019 local elections , Alliance saw a 65% rise in its representation on councils . Long hailed the incredible result as a watershed moment for politics in Northern Ireland . Long was elected to the European Parliament as a representative for Northern Ireland in May 2019 with 18.5% of first-preference votes , the best ever result for Alliance . She was subsequently replaced in the Assembly by Máire Hendron , a founding member of the party and former deputy lord mayor of Belfast . She then replaced Hendron in the Assembly with effect from 9 January 2020 . Minister of Justice . On 11 January 2020 , following the restoration of the Northern Ireland Assembly after three years of stalemate , Long was elected Minister of Justice in the Northern Ireland Executive . On 28 January , Long announced that she would progress new domestic abuse legislation through the Assembly which would make coercive control a criminal offence in Northern Ireland . In June 2020 , Long commissioned a review into the support available for prison officers following concerns about absence rates . That same month , she announced her intention to introduce unexplained wealth orders in Northern Ireland to target paramilitary and criminal finances . In November 2020 , Long said she was seriously reconsidering her position within the Executive following the DUPs deployment of a cross-community vote to prevent an extension of COVID-19 regulations . She told BBC News , I have asked people to desist from this abuse of power because it will make my position in the executive unsustainable . Personal life . Long is a member of Bloomfield Presbyterian Church . However , following the Churchs decision to exclude those in same-sex relationships from being full members , she expressed great concern and stated that she didnt know if she would remain a member herself . She is married to Michael Long , an Alliance councillor on Belfast City Council . In August 2017 , Long revealed that she had been suffering from endometriosis and would undergo surgery for the condition . Electoral history . UK Parliament elections Northern Ireland Assembly elections European Parliament election |
[
"Member of the Legislative Assembly"
] | easy | Which position did Naomi Long hold from Mar 2007 to 2009? | /wiki/Naomi_Long#P39#1 | Naomi Long Naomi Rachel Long MLA ( née Johnston ; born 13 December 1971 ) is a politician in Northern Ireland , who has served as Minister of Justice in the Northern Ireland Executive since January 2020 and leader of the Alliance Party since 2016 . She has served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly ( MLA ) for Belfast East since 2020 having held the same seat from 2003 to 2010 , and between 2016 and 2019 . She previously served as Lord Mayor of Belfast from 2009 to 2010 , Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Belfast East between 2010 and 2015 , and Member of the European Parliament ( MEP ) for Northern Ireland from 2019 to 2020 . Having served as a local councillor , MLA , MP and MEP , Long is the only active politician in Northern Ireland to have served in every elected position , as well as having served as a mayor , party leader , deputy leader , and a minister . Background . Born in East Belfast , she attended Mersey Street Primary and Bloomfield Collegiate School . She graduated from Queens University of Belfast with a degree in civil engineering in 1994 , worked in a structural engineering consultancy for two years , held a research and training post at Queens University for three years , and then went back into environmental and hydraulic engineering consultancy for four years . Political career . She first took political office in 2001 when she was elected to Belfast City Council for the Victoria ward . In 2003 Long was elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly for Belfast East , succeeding her fellow party member John Alderdice . In 2006 she was named deputy leader of her party . In 2007 she more than doubled the partys vote in the constituency , being placed second ahead of the leader of the Ulster Unionist Party . The overall UUP vote , however , was 22% . At 18.8% , her vote share was higher than that for Alderdice in 1998 . On 1 June 2009 she was elected as Lord Mayor of Belfast , defeating William Humphrey ( Democratic Unionist Party ) by 26 votes to 24 in a vote at a council meeting . She became the second woman to hold the post , after Grace Bannister ( 1981–82 ) . Member of Parliament . On 6 May 2010 she defeated Peter Robinson , First Minister of Northern Ireland and leader of the DUP , to become Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Belfast East in the House of Commons . She became the first MP elected to Westminster for the Alliance Party ( previously , Stratton Mills , a former Ulster Unionist Party MP , had changed parties to Alliance ) . Long also became the first Liberal-affiliated MP elected to Westminster in Northern Ireland since James Brown Dougherty in Londonderry City in 1914 . Despite the close relationship between the Alliance Party and the Liberal Democrats , Long did not sit with the coalition government nor take the coalition whip and was not a member of the Liberal Democrats . On 10 December 2012 , Long received a number of death threats and a petrol bomb was thrown inside an unmarked police car guarding her constituency office . This violence erupted as a reaction by Ulster loyalists to the decision by Alliance Party members of Belfast City Council to vote in favour of restricting the flying of the Union flag at Belfast City Hall to 17 specific days throughout the year . In 2015 , Long lost her seat in the Commons to Gavin Robinson of the DUP , as a result of a five-party unionist pact in the constituency which saw the UUP , UKIP , TUV and PUP all stand aside in favour of Robinson . Return to the Northern Ireland Assembly . In January 2016 , Long announced that she would return as an Assembly candidate in the 2016 elections having been nominated in place of incumbent Judith Cochrane . She was subsequently elected on the first count with 14.7% of first-preference votes . Following her return to the Assembly , Long assumed positions on the Committee for Communities , the All Party Group on Fairtrade , the All Party Group for Housing , and chaired the All Party Group on Science , Technology , Engineering and Mathematics . In August 2016 , Long called for Sinn Féins Máirtín Ó Muilleoir to stand aside as Minister of Finance during an investigation of the Stormont Finance Committees handling of its Nama inquiry , while ÓMuilleoir was a committee member . This followed allegations that his party had coached loyalist blogger Jamie Bryson prior to his appearance before the committee . In November 2016 , Long criticised Sinn Féin and the DUP for delaying the publication of a working group report on abortion , which recommended legislative changes in cases of fatal foetal abnormality , calling on the Executive to act without further delay to help women who decide to seek a termination in these very difficult circumstances . Leader of the Alliance Party . On 26 October 2016 , Long was elected Alliance leader unopposed following the resignation of David Ford . In the first manifesto released under her leadership , Long affirmed her commitment to building a united , open , liberal and progressive society . Her partys legislative priorities were revealed to include the harmonisation and strengthening of equality and anti-discrimination measures , the introduction of civil marriage equality , development of integrated education and a Northern Ireland framework to tackle climate change . In the 2017 Assembly election , Long topped the poll in Belfast East and was returned to the Assembly with 18.9% of first-preference votes . The election was widely viewed as a success for Alliance , with the party increasing its vote share by 2 percentage points and retaining all of its seats in a smaller Assembly . The party subsequently held the balance of power at Stormont . Alliance targeted two seats in South and Belfast East in the 2017 general election . During the campaign , Long reaffirmed her support for a Peoples Vote , marriage equality , Votes at 16 and greater transparency surrounding political donations . She also pledged to oppose any rollback of the Human Rights Act . Following the collapse of talks to restore devolution in February 2018 , Long reiterated her view that the pay of MLAs should be cut in the absence of a functioning Executive . In March 2018 , Alliance launched its Next Steps Forward paper , outlining a number of proposals aimed at breaking the deadlock and Stormont . At the 2019 Alliance Party Conference , she accused Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Karen Bradley of an appalling dereliction of duty over the ongoing stalemate , saying that she had made no concerted effort to end this interminable drift despite it allegedly being her top priority . In the 2019 local elections , Alliance saw a 65% rise in its representation on councils . Long hailed the incredible result as a watershed moment for politics in Northern Ireland . Long was elected to the European Parliament as a representative for Northern Ireland in May 2019 with 18.5% of first-preference votes , the best ever result for Alliance . She was subsequently replaced in the Assembly by Máire Hendron , a founding member of the party and former deputy lord mayor of Belfast . She then replaced Hendron in the Assembly with effect from 9 January 2020 . Minister of Justice . On 11 January 2020 , following the restoration of the Northern Ireland Assembly after three years of stalemate , Long was elected Minister of Justice in the Northern Ireland Executive . On 28 January , Long announced that she would progress new domestic abuse legislation through the Assembly which would make coercive control a criminal offence in Northern Ireland . In June 2020 , Long commissioned a review into the support available for prison officers following concerns about absence rates . That same month , she announced her intention to introduce unexplained wealth orders in Northern Ireland to target paramilitary and criminal finances . In November 2020 , Long said she was seriously reconsidering her position within the Executive following the DUPs deployment of a cross-community vote to prevent an extension of COVID-19 regulations . She told BBC News , I have asked people to desist from this abuse of power because it will make my position in the executive unsustainable . Personal life . Long is a member of Bloomfield Presbyterian Church . However , following the Churchs decision to exclude those in same-sex relationships from being full members , she expressed great concern and stated that she didnt know if she would remain a member herself . She is married to Michael Long , an Alliance councillor on Belfast City Council . In August 2017 , Long revealed that she had been suffering from endometriosis and would undergo surgery for the condition . Electoral history . UK Parliament elections Northern Ireland Assembly elections European Parliament election |
[
"Member of the Legislative Assembly",
"Lord Mayor of Belfast"
] | easy | Which position did Naomi Long hold from 2009 to 2010? | /wiki/Naomi_Long#P39#2 | Naomi Long Naomi Rachel Long MLA ( née Johnston ; born 13 December 1971 ) is a politician in Northern Ireland , who has served as Minister of Justice in the Northern Ireland Executive since January 2020 and leader of the Alliance Party since 2016 . She has served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly ( MLA ) for Belfast East since 2020 having held the same seat from 2003 to 2010 , and between 2016 and 2019 . She previously served as Lord Mayor of Belfast from 2009 to 2010 , Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Belfast East between 2010 and 2015 , and Member of the European Parliament ( MEP ) for Northern Ireland from 2019 to 2020 . Having served as a local councillor , MLA , MP and MEP , Long is the only active politician in Northern Ireland to have served in every elected position , as well as having served as a mayor , party leader , deputy leader , and a minister . Background . Born in East Belfast , she attended Mersey Street Primary and Bloomfield Collegiate School . She graduated from Queens University of Belfast with a degree in civil engineering in 1994 , worked in a structural engineering consultancy for two years , held a research and training post at Queens University for three years , and then went back into environmental and hydraulic engineering consultancy for four years . Political career . She first took political office in 2001 when she was elected to Belfast City Council for the Victoria ward . In 2003 Long was elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly for Belfast East , succeeding her fellow party member John Alderdice . In 2006 she was named deputy leader of her party . In 2007 she more than doubled the partys vote in the constituency , being placed second ahead of the leader of the Ulster Unionist Party . The overall UUP vote , however , was 22% . At 18.8% , her vote share was higher than that for Alderdice in 1998 . On 1 June 2009 she was elected as Lord Mayor of Belfast , defeating William Humphrey ( Democratic Unionist Party ) by 26 votes to 24 in a vote at a council meeting . She became the second woman to hold the post , after Grace Bannister ( 1981–82 ) . Member of Parliament . On 6 May 2010 she defeated Peter Robinson , First Minister of Northern Ireland and leader of the DUP , to become Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Belfast East in the House of Commons . She became the first MP elected to Westminster for the Alliance Party ( previously , Stratton Mills , a former Ulster Unionist Party MP , had changed parties to Alliance ) . Long also became the first Liberal-affiliated MP elected to Westminster in Northern Ireland since James Brown Dougherty in Londonderry City in 1914 . Despite the close relationship between the Alliance Party and the Liberal Democrats , Long did not sit with the coalition government nor take the coalition whip and was not a member of the Liberal Democrats . On 10 December 2012 , Long received a number of death threats and a petrol bomb was thrown inside an unmarked police car guarding her constituency office . This violence erupted as a reaction by Ulster loyalists to the decision by Alliance Party members of Belfast City Council to vote in favour of restricting the flying of the Union flag at Belfast City Hall to 17 specific days throughout the year . In 2015 , Long lost her seat in the Commons to Gavin Robinson of the DUP , as a result of a five-party unionist pact in the constituency which saw the UUP , UKIP , TUV and PUP all stand aside in favour of Robinson . Return to the Northern Ireland Assembly . In January 2016 , Long announced that she would return as an Assembly candidate in the 2016 elections having been nominated in place of incumbent Judith Cochrane . She was subsequently elected on the first count with 14.7% of first-preference votes . Following her return to the Assembly , Long assumed positions on the Committee for Communities , the All Party Group on Fairtrade , the All Party Group for Housing , and chaired the All Party Group on Science , Technology , Engineering and Mathematics . In August 2016 , Long called for Sinn Féins Máirtín Ó Muilleoir to stand aside as Minister of Finance during an investigation of the Stormont Finance Committees handling of its Nama inquiry , while ÓMuilleoir was a committee member . This followed allegations that his party had coached loyalist blogger Jamie Bryson prior to his appearance before the committee . In November 2016 , Long criticised Sinn Féin and the DUP for delaying the publication of a working group report on abortion , which recommended legislative changes in cases of fatal foetal abnormality , calling on the Executive to act without further delay to help women who decide to seek a termination in these very difficult circumstances . Leader of the Alliance Party . On 26 October 2016 , Long was elected Alliance leader unopposed following the resignation of David Ford . In the first manifesto released under her leadership , Long affirmed her commitment to building a united , open , liberal and progressive society . Her partys legislative priorities were revealed to include the harmonisation and strengthening of equality and anti-discrimination measures , the introduction of civil marriage equality , development of integrated education and a Northern Ireland framework to tackle climate change . In the 2017 Assembly election , Long topped the poll in Belfast East and was returned to the Assembly with 18.9% of first-preference votes . The election was widely viewed as a success for Alliance , with the party increasing its vote share by 2 percentage points and retaining all of its seats in a smaller Assembly . The party subsequently held the balance of power at Stormont . Alliance targeted two seats in South and Belfast East in the 2017 general election . During the campaign , Long reaffirmed her support for a Peoples Vote , marriage equality , Votes at 16 and greater transparency surrounding political donations . She also pledged to oppose any rollback of the Human Rights Act . Following the collapse of talks to restore devolution in February 2018 , Long reiterated her view that the pay of MLAs should be cut in the absence of a functioning Executive . In March 2018 , Alliance launched its Next Steps Forward paper , outlining a number of proposals aimed at breaking the deadlock and Stormont . At the 2019 Alliance Party Conference , she accused Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Karen Bradley of an appalling dereliction of duty over the ongoing stalemate , saying that she had made no concerted effort to end this interminable drift despite it allegedly being her top priority . In the 2019 local elections , Alliance saw a 65% rise in its representation on councils . Long hailed the incredible result as a watershed moment for politics in Northern Ireland . Long was elected to the European Parliament as a representative for Northern Ireland in May 2019 with 18.5% of first-preference votes , the best ever result for Alliance . She was subsequently replaced in the Assembly by Máire Hendron , a founding member of the party and former deputy lord mayor of Belfast . She then replaced Hendron in the Assembly with effect from 9 January 2020 . Minister of Justice . On 11 January 2020 , following the restoration of the Northern Ireland Assembly after three years of stalemate , Long was elected Minister of Justice in the Northern Ireland Executive . On 28 January , Long announced that she would progress new domestic abuse legislation through the Assembly which would make coercive control a criminal offence in Northern Ireland . In June 2020 , Long commissioned a review into the support available for prison officers following concerns about absence rates . That same month , she announced her intention to introduce unexplained wealth orders in Northern Ireland to target paramilitary and criminal finances . In November 2020 , Long said she was seriously reconsidering her position within the Executive following the DUPs deployment of a cross-community vote to prevent an extension of COVID-19 regulations . She told BBC News , I have asked people to desist from this abuse of power because it will make my position in the executive unsustainable . Personal life . Long is a member of Bloomfield Presbyterian Church . However , following the Churchs decision to exclude those in same-sex relationships from being full members , she expressed great concern and stated that she didnt know if she would remain a member herself . She is married to Michael Long , an Alliance councillor on Belfast City Council . In August 2017 , Long revealed that she had been suffering from endometriosis and would undergo surgery for the condition . Electoral history . UK Parliament elections Northern Ireland Assembly elections European Parliament election |
[
"Member of Parliament"
] | easy | Which position did Naomi Long hold from 2010 to Jul 2010? | /wiki/Naomi_Long#P39#3 | Naomi Long Naomi Rachel Long MLA ( née Johnston ; born 13 December 1971 ) is a politician in Northern Ireland , who has served as Minister of Justice in the Northern Ireland Executive since January 2020 and leader of the Alliance Party since 2016 . She has served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly ( MLA ) for Belfast East since 2020 having held the same seat from 2003 to 2010 , and between 2016 and 2019 . She previously served as Lord Mayor of Belfast from 2009 to 2010 , Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Belfast East between 2010 and 2015 , and Member of the European Parliament ( MEP ) for Northern Ireland from 2019 to 2020 . Having served as a local councillor , MLA , MP and MEP , Long is the only active politician in Northern Ireland to have served in every elected position , as well as having served as a mayor , party leader , deputy leader , and a minister . Background . Born in East Belfast , she attended Mersey Street Primary and Bloomfield Collegiate School . She graduated from Queens University of Belfast with a degree in civil engineering in 1994 , worked in a structural engineering consultancy for two years , held a research and training post at Queens University for three years , and then went back into environmental and hydraulic engineering consultancy for four years . Political career . She first took political office in 2001 when she was elected to Belfast City Council for the Victoria ward . In 2003 Long was elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly for Belfast East , succeeding her fellow party member John Alderdice . In 2006 she was named deputy leader of her party . In 2007 she more than doubled the partys vote in the constituency , being placed second ahead of the leader of the Ulster Unionist Party . The overall UUP vote , however , was 22% . At 18.8% , her vote share was higher than that for Alderdice in 1998 . On 1 June 2009 she was elected as Lord Mayor of Belfast , defeating William Humphrey ( Democratic Unionist Party ) by 26 votes to 24 in a vote at a council meeting . She became the second woman to hold the post , after Grace Bannister ( 1981–82 ) . Member of Parliament . On 6 May 2010 she defeated Peter Robinson , First Minister of Northern Ireland and leader of the DUP , to become Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Belfast East in the House of Commons . She became the first MP elected to Westminster for the Alliance Party ( previously , Stratton Mills , a former Ulster Unionist Party MP , had changed parties to Alliance ) . Long also became the first Liberal-affiliated MP elected to Westminster in Northern Ireland since James Brown Dougherty in Londonderry City in 1914 . Despite the close relationship between the Alliance Party and the Liberal Democrats , Long did not sit with the coalition government nor take the coalition whip and was not a member of the Liberal Democrats . On 10 December 2012 , Long received a number of death threats and a petrol bomb was thrown inside an unmarked police car guarding her constituency office . This violence erupted as a reaction by Ulster loyalists to the decision by Alliance Party members of Belfast City Council to vote in favour of restricting the flying of the Union flag at Belfast City Hall to 17 specific days throughout the year . In 2015 , Long lost her seat in the Commons to Gavin Robinson of the DUP , as a result of a five-party unionist pact in the constituency which saw the UUP , UKIP , TUV and PUP all stand aside in favour of Robinson . Return to the Northern Ireland Assembly . In January 2016 , Long announced that she would return as an Assembly candidate in the 2016 elections having been nominated in place of incumbent Judith Cochrane . She was subsequently elected on the first count with 14.7% of first-preference votes . Following her return to the Assembly , Long assumed positions on the Committee for Communities , the All Party Group on Fairtrade , the All Party Group for Housing , and chaired the All Party Group on Science , Technology , Engineering and Mathematics . In August 2016 , Long called for Sinn Féins Máirtín Ó Muilleoir to stand aside as Minister of Finance during an investigation of the Stormont Finance Committees handling of its Nama inquiry , while ÓMuilleoir was a committee member . This followed allegations that his party had coached loyalist blogger Jamie Bryson prior to his appearance before the committee . In November 2016 , Long criticised Sinn Féin and the DUP for delaying the publication of a working group report on abortion , which recommended legislative changes in cases of fatal foetal abnormality , calling on the Executive to act without further delay to help women who decide to seek a termination in these very difficult circumstances . Leader of the Alliance Party . On 26 October 2016 , Long was elected Alliance leader unopposed following the resignation of David Ford . In the first manifesto released under her leadership , Long affirmed her commitment to building a united , open , liberal and progressive society . Her partys legislative priorities were revealed to include the harmonisation and strengthening of equality and anti-discrimination measures , the introduction of civil marriage equality , development of integrated education and a Northern Ireland framework to tackle climate change . In the 2017 Assembly election , Long topped the poll in Belfast East and was returned to the Assembly with 18.9% of first-preference votes . The election was widely viewed as a success for Alliance , with the party increasing its vote share by 2 percentage points and retaining all of its seats in a smaller Assembly . The party subsequently held the balance of power at Stormont . Alliance targeted two seats in South and Belfast East in the 2017 general election . During the campaign , Long reaffirmed her support for a Peoples Vote , marriage equality , Votes at 16 and greater transparency surrounding political donations . She also pledged to oppose any rollback of the Human Rights Act . Following the collapse of talks to restore devolution in February 2018 , Long reiterated her view that the pay of MLAs should be cut in the absence of a functioning Executive . In March 2018 , Alliance launched its Next Steps Forward paper , outlining a number of proposals aimed at breaking the deadlock and Stormont . At the 2019 Alliance Party Conference , she accused Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Karen Bradley of an appalling dereliction of duty over the ongoing stalemate , saying that she had made no concerted effort to end this interminable drift despite it allegedly being her top priority . In the 2019 local elections , Alliance saw a 65% rise in its representation on councils . Long hailed the incredible result as a watershed moment for politics in Northern Ireland . Long was elected to the European Parliament as a representative for Northern Ireland in May 2019 with 18.5% of first-preference votes , the best ever result for Alliance . She was subsequently replaced in the Assembly by Máire Hendron , a founding member of the party and former deputy lord mayor of Belfast . She then replaced Hendron in the Assembly with effect from 9 January 2020 . Minister of Justice . On 11 January 2020 , following the restoration of the Northern Ireland Assembly after three years of stalemate , Long was elected Minister of Justice in the Northern Ireland Executive . On 28 January , Long announced that she would progress new domestic abuse legislation through the Assembly which would make coercive control a criminal offence in Northern Ireland . In June 2020 , Long commissioned a review into the support available for prison officers following concerns about absence rates . That same month , she announced her intention to introduce unexplained wealth orders in Northern Ireland to target paramilitary and criminal finances . In November 2020 , Long said she was seriously reconsidering her position within the Executive following the DUPs deployment of a cross-community vote to prevent an extension of COVID-19 regulations . She told BBC News , I have asked people to desist from this abuse of power because it will make my position in the executive unsustainable . Personal life . Long is a member of Bloomfield Presbyterian Church . However , following the Churchs decision to exclude those in same-sex relationships from being full members , she expressed great concern and stated that she didnt know if she would remain a member herself . She is married to Michael Long , an Alliance councillor on Belfast City Council . In August 2017 , Long revealed that she had been suffering from endometriosis and would undergo surgery for the condition . Electoral history . UK Parliament elections Northern Ireland Assembly elections European Parliament election |
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"Member of the Legislative Assembly"
] | easy | Naomi Long took which position from May 2016 to 2017? | /wiki/Naomi_Long#P39#4 | Naomi Long Naomi Rachel Long MLA ( née Johnston ; born 13 December 1971 ) is a politician in Northern Ireland , who has served as Minister of Justice in the Northern Ireland Executive since January 2020 and leader of the Alliance Party since 2016 . She has served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly ( MLA ) for Belfast East since 2020 having held the same seat from 2003 to 2010 , and between 2016 and 2019 . She previously served as Lord Mayor of Belfast from 2009 to 2010 , Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Belfast East between 2010 and 2015 , and Member of the European Parliament ( MEP ) for Northern Ireland from 2019 to 2020 . Having served as a local councillor , MLA , MP and MEP , Long is the only active politician in Northern Ireland to have served in every elected position , as well as having served as a mayor , party leader , deputy leader , and a minister . Background . Born in East Belfast , she attended Mersey Street Primary and Bloomfield Collegiate School . She graduated from Queens University of Belfast with a degree in civil engineering in 1994 , worked in a structural engineering consultancy for two years , held a research and training post at Queens University for three years , and then went back into environmental and hydraulic engineering consultancy for four years . Political career . She first took political office in 2001 when she was elected to Belfast City Council for the Victoria ward . In 2003 Long was elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly for Belfast East , succeeding her fellow party member John Alderdice . In 2006 she was named deputy leader of her party . In 2007 she more than doubled the partys vote in the constituency , being placed second ahead of the leader of the Ulster Unionist Party . The overall UUP vote , however , was 22% . At 18.8% , her vote share was higher than that for Alderdice in 1998 . On 1 June 2009 she was elected as Lord Mayor of Belfast , defeating William Humphrey ( Democratic Unionist Party ) by 26 votes to 24 in a vote at a council meeting . She became the second woman to hold the post , after Grace Bannister ( 1981–82 ) . Member of Parliament . On 6 May 2010 she defeated Peter Robinson , First Minister of Northern Ireland and leader of the DUP , to become Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Belfast East in the House of Commons . She became the first MP elected to Westminster for the Alliance Party ( previously , Stratton Mills , a former Ulster Unionist Party MP , had changed parties to Alliance ) . Long also became the first Liberal-affiliated MP elected to Westminster in Northern Ireland since James Brown Dougherty in Londonderry City in 1914 . Despite the close relationship between the Alliance Party and the Liberal Democrats , Long did not sit with the coalition government nor take the coalition whip and was not a member of the Liberal Democrats . On 10 December 2012 , Long received a number of death threats and a petrol bomb was thrown inside an unmarked police car guarding her constituency office . This violence erupted as a reaction by Ulster loyalists to the decision by Alliance Party members of Belfast City Council to vote in favour of restricting the flying of the Union flag at Belfast City Hall to 17 specific days throughout the year . In 2015 , Long lost her seat in the Commons to Gavin Robinson of the DUP , as a result of a five-party unionist pact in the constituency which saw the UUP , UKIP , TUV and PUP all stand aside in favour of Robinson . Return to the Northern Ireland Assembly . In January 2016 , Long announced that she would return as an Assembly candidate in the 2016 elections having been nominated in place of incumbent Judith Cochrane . She was subsequently elected on the first count with 14.7% of first-preference votes . Following her return to the Assembly , Long assumed positions on the Committee for Communities , the All Party Group on Fairtrade , the All Party Group for Housing , and chaired the All Party Group on Science , Technology , Engineering and Mathematics . In August 2016 , Long called for Sinn Féins Máirtín Ó Muilleoir to stand aside as Minister of Finance during an investigation of the Stormont Finance Committees handling of its Nama inquiry , while ÓMuilleoir was a committee member . This followed allegations that his party had coached loyalist blogger Jamie Bryson prior to his appearance before the committee . In November 2016 , Long criticised Sinn Féin and the DUP for delaying the publication of a working group report on abortion , which recommended legislative changes in cases of fatal foetal abnormality , calling on the Executive to act without further delay to help women who decide to seek a termination in these very difficult circumstances . Leader of the Alliance Party . On 26 October 2016 , Long was elected Alliance leader unopposed following the resignation of David Ford . In the first manifesto released under her leadership , Long affirmed her commitment to building a united , open , liberal and progressive society . Her partys legislative priorities were revealed to include the harmonisation and strengthening of equality and anti-discrimination measures , the introduction of civil marriage equality , development of integrated education and a Northern Ireland framework to tackle climate change . In the 2017 Assembly election , Long topped the poll in Belfast East and was returned to the Assembly with 18.9% of first-preference votes . The election was widely viewed as a success for Alliance , with the party increasing its vote share by 2 percentage points and retaining all of its seats in a smaller Assembly . The party subsequently held the balance of power at Stormont . Alliance targeted two seats in South and Belfast East in the 2017 general election . During the campaign , Long reaffirmed her support for a Peoples Vote , marriage equality , Votes at 16 and greater transparency surrounding political donations . She also pledged to oppose any rollback of the Human Rights Act . Following the collapse of talks to restore devolution in February 2018 , Long reiterated her view that the pay of MLAs should be cut in the absence of a functioning Executive . In March 2018 , Alliance launched its Next Steps Forward paper , outlining a number of proposals aimed at breaking the deadlock and Stormont . At the 2019 Alliance Party Conference , she accused Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Karen Bradley of an appalling dereliction of duty over the ongoing stalemate , saying that she had made no concerted effort to end this interminable drift despite it allegedly being her top priority . In the 2019 local elections , Alliance saw a 65% rise in its representation on councils . Long hailed the incredible result as a watershed moment for politics in Northern Ireland . Long was elected to the European Parliament as a representative for Northern Ireland in May 2019 with 18.5% of first-preference votes , the best ever result for Alliance . She was subsequently replaced in the Assembly by Máire Hendron , a founding member of the party and former deputy lord mayor of Belfast . She then replaced Hendron in the Assembly with effect from 9 January 2020 . Minister of Justice . On 11 January 2020 , following the restoration of the Northern Ireland Assembly after three years of stalemate , Long was elected Minister of Justice in the Northern Ireland Executive . On 28 January , Long announced that she would progress new domestic abuse legislation through the Assembly which would make coercive control a criminal offence in Northern Ireland . In June 2020 , Long commissioned a review into the support available for prison officers following concerns about absence rates . That same month , she announced her intention to introduce unexplained wealth orders in Northern Ireland to target paramilitary and criminal finances . In November 2020 , Long said she was seriously reconsidering her position within the Executive following the DUPs deployment of a cross-community vote to prevent an extension of COVID-19 regulations . She told BBC News , I have asked people to desist from this abuse of power because it will make my position in the executive unsustainable . Personal life . Long is a member of Bloomfield Presbyterian Church . However , following the Churchs decision to exclude those in same-sex relationships from being full members , she expressed great concern and stated that she didnt know if she would remain a member herself . She is married to Michael Long , an Alliance councillor on Belfast City Council . In August 2017 , Long revealed that she had been suffering from endometriosis and would undergo surgery for the condition . Electoral history . UK Parliament elections Northern Ireland Assembly elections European Parliament election |
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] | easy | Where was John Curtis (Utah politician) educated from 1977 to 1978? | /wiki/John_Curtis_(Utah_politician)#P69#0 | John Curtis ( Utah politician ) John Ream Curtis ( born May 10 , 1960 ) is an American politician serving as the U.S . Representative for Utahs 3rd congressional district since 2017 . A Republican who was once a Democrat , he served as mayor of Provo , Utah from 2010 to 2017 . On November 7 , 2017 , he won a special election to replace Jason Chaffetz in Congress , after Chaffetz resigned . Early life . John Curtis was born May 10 , 1960 , in Salt Lake City , Utah . His parents were Jesse Duckworth Dee Curtis ( 1927–2015 ) and Hazel Dawn Curtis ( née Ream , 1925–2016 ) . They married in 1955 . Curtis attended high school at Skyline High School , where he met his wife , Sue Snarr . He graduated from Brigham Young University with a degree in business management . He worked for OC Tanner and the Citizen Watch Company before taking a position as the COO of a Provo-based company , Action Target , in 2000 . Curtis ran for the Utah State Senate in 2000 as a Democrat against Curt Bramble , losing 33% to 66% . From 2002 to 2003 , he served as vice chairman and chairman of the Utah County Democratic Party . Mayor of Provo . Curtis was elected mayor of Provo in 2009 , defeating former legislator Stephen Clark with 53% of the vote on a platform of safety , prosperity , and unity . In office , he focused on economic development , revitalization of Downtown Provo , and getting a beach at Utah Lake . He launched clean air and recreation initiatives , preserved Rock Canyon , and launched a blog widely read by residents . He also assisted with the purchase of iProvo , Provo Citys existing fiber internet network , by Google Fiber . Curtis was reelected in 2013 with 86% of the vote . In November 2016 , he announced he would not seek reelection to a third term . During his last years in office , he averaged an approval rating of 93% . Awards . - Community Hero Award ( Silicon Slopes , 2017 ) - Civic Innovator of the Year Award ( UVU , Office of New Urban Mechanics , 2017 ) - Outstanding Citizen Award ( BYU , Office of Civic Engagement Leadership , 2017 ) - 2017 Freedom Festival Grand Marshal - Person of the Year ( Utah Clean Air , 2017 ) - Person of the Year Award ( Utah Valley Magazine , 2017 ) - Top Elected Official on Social Media ( Government Social Media , 2015 ) - The Star Award ( SCERA Center for the Arts , 2015 ) U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . 2017 special . On May 25 , 2017 , Curtis announced his candidacy for that years special election in Utahs 3rd congressional district to replace Jason Chaffetz , who resigned on June 30 . On August 15 , Curtis won the Republican nomination over Christopher Herrod and Tanner Ainge . On November 7 , he won the general election over Democratic nominee Kathie Allen . Tenure . Curtis was sworn into office on November 13 , 2017 . Since being elected to Congress , he has held more than 100 town hall meetings , including a “walking town hall” to the top of Mount Timpanogos . On October 16 , 2019 , Utah Policy reported Curtis had the second-highest approval rating among Utahs four U.S . Representatives . According to the Utah Policy and Y2 Analytics poll , 45% of 3rd Congressional District registered voters approved of his performance . On December 18 , 2019 , Curtis voted against both articles of impeachment against Trump . Of the 195 Republicans who voted , all voted against both impeachment articles . On May 19 , 2021 , Curtis was one of 35 Republicans who joined all Democrats in voting to approve legislation to establish the January 6 , 2021 commission meant to investigate the storming of the U.S . Capitol . Sponsored legislation . - Bears Ears National Monument On December 4 , 2017 , Curtis and fellow Utah representatives Rob Bishop , Chris Stewart and Mia Love introduced a bill to codify the Trump administrations reduction of Bears Ears National Monument by creating two new national monuments in the remaining areas Trump defined . - SPEED Act On June 13 , 2018 , Curtis introduced H.R . 6088 , the “Streamlining Permitting Efficiencies in Energy Development Act” or “SPEED Act” . The legislation proposes streamlining the oil and gas permitting process by allowing Bureau of Land Management to expedite approval for drilling activities that pose little or no environmental harm . The Mineral Leasing Act would be amended by establishing procedures where an operator may conduct drilling and production activities on available Federal land and Non-Federal land . Community members criticized Curtis over this sponsorship , claiming it omits the required environmental impact analysis , and allows drilling on land without notifying the public or providing opportunity to comment . - Public-Private Partnership Advisory Council to End Human Trafficking Act On December 12 , 2018 , Curtis introduced H.R . 7271 , the Public-Private Partnership Advisory Council to End Human Trafficking Act , the companion bill to Senator Orrin Hatchs legislation . The bill creates a Public-Private Advisory Council to provide a direct line to federal government agencies to streamline bureaucratic hurdles while empowering nonprofits and nongovernmental organizations in fighting human trafficking . - Government Shutdown Prevention Act On January 16 , 2019 , Curtis and Lloyd Smucker introduced the Government Shutdown Prevention Act . The legislation aims to end political game-playing and fix Congresss dysfunctional budget process . If passed , it would automatically continue government funding through a continuing resolution . The bill would implement a five percent spending penalty on the day the continuing resolution begins . Federal spending would be reduced by two percent 60 days after the first day of the fiscal year and by an additional two percent each subsequent 60-day period . Curtis said , The American people expect Congress to do its most basic job : pass a budget and fund the government . If we can’t , then we shouldn’t get paid . Curtis asked the Clerk of the House to withhold his pay until the government is fully funded . He believes that Republicans and Democrats should be held accountable to find common ground to solve funding impasses . - Transparency in Student Lending Act On January 28 , 2019 , Curtis introduced the Transparency in Student Lending Act , legislation to improve the information provided to students and families taking on federal loans to finance higher education . The bill would require the disclosure of the annual percentage rate ( APR ) for federal student loans before disbursement . The APR assists borrowers by showing the true cost of a loan , helping students and their families make more informed financial decisions . Curtis said , As the primary provider of the vast majority of student loans and education financing options , the federal government should provide a transparent and full accounting of associated costs and fees for borrowers . I represent the youngest Congressional district in the country with an average age of 26 years old ; these students must be equipped to make the right decisions for their families and their futures . - Bicameral Congressional Trade Authority Act On February 1 , 2019 , Curtis introduced the Bicameral Congressional Trade Authority Act of 2019 . The bill would require the president to submit to Congress any proposal to adjust imports in the interest of national security under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 . A companion bill was introduced in the Senate . Curtis said the trade war was mostly hurting small businesses and that he had heard for months almost daily , if not daily , weekly from businesses its hurting and unfortunately its having a disproportionate impact on small businesses . And 99 percent of the businesses in my district are small businesses . We need to quickly resolve this because they’re the ones who are least able to sustain it . This bill ensures their priorities will be incorporated . - Natural Resources Management Act On March 11 , 2019 , the Natural Resources Management Act , considered a highly significant public lands bill , was signed into law . The act consists of about 100 bills joined into one , including two proposals carried by Curtis . - Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act On July 10 , 2019 , Curtis spoke on the House floor to advocate for HR 1044 , the Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act of 2019 , legislation that he co-authored to eliminate the per-country caps for employment-based visas and shift to a first-come , first-served process . Curtis , whose district is home to several high-tech businesses , said he regularly hears from leaders of those companys that they do not have enough high-skilled workers … and demand continues to outstrip supply . He added , this legislation will create a first-come , first-serve system providing certainty to workers and families and enabling US companies to flourish and compete in a global economy as they hire the brightest people to create products , services , and jobs—regardless of where they were born . After he spoke , the legislation passed the House , 365-65 . - House Foreign Affairs Committee Curtis participated in a panel discussion at a U.S . Global Leadership Coalition forum on April 5 , 2019 , highlighting the importance of American diplomacy and foreign aid in bolstering U.S . national security and creating economic opportunities for Utah businesses . As a member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee , I am committed to supporting the vital U.S . government programs that protect our nations interests abroad , he said . Our global ties help to open new markets for U.S . businesses and create jobs for Americans , while U.S . diplomats and development workers overseas are preventing conflicts and wiping out diseases before they reach our borders . - House Natural Resources Committee On February 13 , 2019 , Curtis invited the National Parks , Forests and Public Lands Subcommittee to join the Clean Air Challenge and find common ground to address Utahs and the countrys environmental issues . Curtis then introduced the Provo Clean Air Toolkit , which contains strategies that Utahns can use to improve the quality on personal levels and businesses can use on larger scales . He then asked the subcommittee to take the Provo Clean Air Challenge Pledge with him and the rest of Utah to pass along the clean-air initiative . Committee assignments . - United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce - Subcommittee on Health - Subcommittee on Communications & Technology - Subcommittee on Environment & Climate Change Caucus memberships . - Republican Main Street Partnership - Congressional Western Caucus - Ski and Snowboard Caucus - Republican Study Committee - Congressional Dietary Supplement Caucus - Problem Solvers Caucus Personal and professional life . Curtis is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and served a two-year mission in Taiwan . He and his wife Sue have six children . Curtis has two older sisters , Camille and Kristine , and a younger brother , Kitt . Through his father , he is a descendant of Brigham Young . His great-uncle is LeGrand R . Curtis , and his first cousin once removed is LeGrand R . Curtis Jr. , a current General Authority Seventy of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints also serving as Church Historian . Curtis has also served on several community and advisory boards including the Provo/Orem Chamber of Commerce ( now Utah Valley Chamber of Commerce ) , the Mountain Valley Chapter of the American Red Cross , the Utah National Parks Council of the Boys Scouts of America , and the Utah Valley Healthcare Foundation . As a public figure , he has gained recognition for his wide collection of socks . Controversies . On March 20 , 2018 , five women filed a lawsuit claiming the city of Provo and Curtis ( as mayor ) failed to take action to protect them from alleged sexual harassment and assault by former police chief John King , despite allegations of misconduct in 2015 and 2016 . Plaintiffs accused King of a broad range of sexual misconduct , including staring at their breasts , making inappropriate comments , uninvited touching , groping and , in one case , rape . City Council members told the Deseret News that they held a closed-door meeting about Kings conduct in late 2015 or early 2016 . The lawsuit alleged that Curtis chilled reporting by telling police department supervisors in fall 2014 that “he did not want to receive any more complaints about Chief King.” The complaint read , Chief King was going to remain chief of the department as long as Curtis was in office and there was nothing the supervisors could do about it . Curtis said the meeting was mischaracterized , that he had called the meeting to discuss a new , unpopular beat program that King had implemented in the police department . He said there was also concern in the department that King would not stay in Provo long because his wife did not move to Utah with him . That was absolutely all , Curtis said . Never , under any circumstances , would I infer that they were expected to follow him if anything was not appropriate , let alone sexual harassment . Councilman Gary Winterton confirmed the council had such a discussion about King , with the chief present , but he said he could not say much about the meeting because it was a closed session . Winterton said he could not say what type of administrative action , if any , was taken . The lawsuit stated the meeting did not result in any discipline of King . In March 2017 , King resigned after the rape allegation at Curtiss request , even though Salt Lake County District Attorney Sim Gill had declined to bring charges . In an email obtained by the Deseret News through a records request , King thanked Curtis for his support : You did your best to protect me at the press conference , he wrote . I am deeply sorry for putting you in this terrible position . On March 23 , 2018 , Curtis clarified that as Provos mayor , he heard three , not just two , complaints of inappropriate sexual conduct against King . The first time , Curtis said , he warned King that even if his alleged actions had been misinterpreted , King shouldnt put himself in positions where his actions could be misinterpreted . The second time , he ordered King to retake sexual harassment training and reiterated that he should not go past a certain point while visiting women at the departments dispatch center . The third time , after a student volunteer accused King of rape in early 2017 , Curtis asked for Kings resignation . In response , Curtis said , One of the things I’m learning is what women expect is more than checking the boxes legally . They need a lot of emotional support and understanding . And we don’t talk a lot about that portion of what do you do when these things happen . So , in a way , if you think about this , I’m seeing , like , OK , my primary responsibility is to get this into the right hands . I read her comments about how what I did made her feel , and it was clear to me that she expected more from me than just getting it into the right hands . Lesson learned . External links . - Curtiss official U.S . House website - Curtiss campaign website |
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] | easy | Which school did John Curtis (Utah politician) go to from 1979 to 1980? | /wiki/John_Curtis_(Utah_politician)#P69#1 | John Curtis ( Utah politician ) John Ream Curtis ( born May 10 , 1960 ) is an American politician serving as the U.S . Representative for Utahs 3rd congressional district since 2017 . A Republican who was once a Democrat , he served as mayor of Provo , Utah from 2010 to 2017 . On November 7 , 2017 , he won a special election to replace Jason Chaffetz in Congress , after Chaffetz resigned . Early life . John Curtis was born May 10 , 1960 , in Salt Lake City , Utah . His parents were Jesse Duckworth Dee Curtis ( 1927–2015 ) and Hazel Dawn Curtis ( née Ream , 1925–2016 ) . They married in 1955 . Curtis attended high school at Skyline High School , where he met his wife , Sue Snarr . He graduated from Brigham Young University with a degree in business management . He worked for OC Tanner and the Citizen Watch Company before taking a position as the COO of a Provo-based company , Action Target , in 2000 . Curtis ran for the Utah State Senate in 2000 as a Democrat against Curt Bramble , losing 33% to 66% . From 2002 to 2003 , he served as vice chairman and chairman of the Utah County Democratic Party . Mayor of Provo . Curtis was elected mayor of Provo in 2009 , defeating former legislator Stephen Clark with 53% of the vote on a platform of safety , prosperity , and unity . In office , he focused on economic development , revitalization of Downtown Provo , and getting a beach at Utah Lake . He launched clean air and recreation initiatives , preserved Rock Canyon , and launched a blog widely read by residents . He also assisted with the purchase of iProvo , Provo Citys existing fiber internet network , by Google Fiber . Curtis was reelected in 2013 with 86% of the vote . In November 2016 , he announced he would not seek reelection to a third term . During his last years in office , he averaged an approval rating of 93% . Awards . - Community Hero Award ( Silicon Slopes , 2017 ) - Civic Innovator of the Year Award ( UVU , Office of New Urban Mechanics , 2017 ) - Outstanding Citizen Award ( BYU , Office of Civic Engagement Leadership , 2017 ) - 2017 Freedom Festival Grand Marshal - Person of the Year ( Utah Clean Air , 2017 ) - Person of the Year Award ( Utah Valley Magazine , 2017 ) - Top Elected Official on Social Media ( Government Social Media , 2015 ) - The Star Award ( SCERA Center for the Arts , 2015 ) U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . 2017 special . On May 25 , 2017 , Curtis announced his candidacy for that years special election in Utahs 3rd congressional district to replace Jason Chaffetz , who resigned on June 30 . On August 15 , Curtis won the Republican nomination over Christopher Herrod and Tanner Ainge . On November 7 , he won the general election over Democratic nominee Kathie Allen . Tenure . Curtis was sworn into office on November 13 , 2017 . Since being elected to Congress , he has held more than 100 town hall meetings , including a “walking town hall” to the top of Mount Timpanogos . On October 16 , 2019 , Utah Policy reported Curtis had the second-highest approval rating among Utahs four U.S . Representatives . According to the Utah Policy and Y2 Analytics poll , 45% of 3rd Congressional District registered voters approved of his performance . On December 18 , 2019 , Curtis voted against both articles of impeachment against Trump . Of the 195 Republicans who voted , all voted against both impeachment articles . On May 19 , 2021 , Curtis was one of 35 Republicans who joined all Democrats in voting to approve legislation to establish the January 6 , 2021 commission meant to investigate the storming of the U.S . Capitol . Sponsored legislation . - Bears Ears National Monument On December 4 , 2017 , Curtis and fellow Utah representatives Rob Bishop , Chris Stewart and Mia Love introduced a bill to codify the Trump administrations reduction of Bears Ears National Monument by creating two new national monuments in the remaining areas Trump defined . - SPEED Act On June 13 , 2018 , Curtis introduced H.R . 6088 , the “Streamlining Permitting Efficiencies in Energy Development Act” or “SPEED Act” . The legislation proposes streamlining the oil and gas permitting process by allowing Bureau of Land Management to expedite approval for drilling activities that pose little or no environmental harm . The Mineral Leasing Act would be amended by establishing procedures where an operator may conduct drilling and production activities on available Federal land and Non-Federal land . Community members criticized Curtis over this sponsorship , claiming it omits the required environmental impact analysis , and allows drilling on land without notifying the public or providing opportunity to comment . - Public-Private Partnership Advisory Council to End Human Trafficking Act On December 12 , 2018 , Curtis introduced H.R . 7271 , the Public-Private Partnership Advisory Council to End Human Trafficking Act , the companion bill to Senator Orrin Hatchs legislation . The bill creates a Public-Private Advisory Council to provide a direct line to federal government agencies to streamline bureaucratic hurdles while empowering nonprofits and nongovernmental organizations in fighting human trafficking . - Government Shutdown Prevention Act On January 16 , 2019 , Curtis and Lloyd Smucker introduced the Government Shutdown Prevention Act . The legislation aims to end political game-playing and fix Congresss dysfunctional budget process . If passed , it would automatically continue government funding through a continuing resolution . The bill would implement a five percent spending penalty on the day the continuing resolution begins . Federal spending would be reduced by two percent 60 days after the first day of the fiscal year and by an additional two percent each subsequent 60-day period . Curtis said , The American people expect Congress to do its most basic job : pass a budget and fund the government . If we can’t , then we shouldn’t get paid . Curtis asked the Clerk of the House to withhold his pay until the government is fully funded . He believes that Republicans and Democrats should be held accountable to find common ground to solve funding impasses . - Transparency in Student Lending Act On January 28 , 2019 , Curtis introduced the Transparency in Student Lending Act , legislation to improve the information provided to students and families taking on federal loans to finance higher education . The bill would require the disclosure of the annual percentage rate ( APR ) for federal student loans before disbursement . The APR assists borrowers by showing the true cost of a loan , helping students and their families make more informed financial decisions . Curtis said , As the primary provider of the vast majority of student loans and education financing options , the federal government should provide a transparent and full accounting of associated costs and fees for borrowers . I represent the youngest Congressional district in the country with an average age of 26 years old ; these students must be equipped to make the right decisions for their families and their futures . - Bicameral Congressional Trade Authority Act On February 1 , 2019 , Curtis introduced the Bicameral Congressional Trade Authority Act of 2019 . The bill would require the president to submit to Congress any proposal to adjust imports in the interest of national security under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 . A companion bill was introduced in the Senate . Curtis said the trade war was mostly hurting small businesses and that he had heard for months almost daily , if not daily , weekly from businesses its hurting and unfortunately its having a disproportionate impact on small businesses . And 99 percent of the businesses in my district are small businesses . We need to quickly resolve this because they’re the ones who are least able to sustain it . This bill ensures their priorities will be incorporated . - Natural Resources Management Act On March 11 , 2019 , the Natural Resources Management Act , considered a highly significant public lands bill , was signed into law . The act consists of about 100 bills joined into one , including two proposals carried by Curtis . - Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act On July 10 , 2019 , Curtis spoke on the House floor to advocate for HR 1044 , the Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act of 2019 , legislation that he co-authored to eliminate the per-country caps for employment-based visas and shift to a first-come , first-served process . Curtis , whose district is home to several high-tech businesses , said he regularly hears from leaders of those companys that they do not have enough high-skilled workers … and demand continues to outstrip supply . He added , this legislation will create a first-come , first-serve system providing certainty to workers and families and enabling US companies to flourish and compete in a global economy as they hire the brightest people to create products , services , and jobs—regardless of where they were born . After he spoke , the legislation passed the House , 365-65 . - House Foreign Affairs Committee Curtis participated in a panel discussion at a U.S . Global Leadership Coalition forum on April 5 , 2019 , highlighting the importance of American diplomacy and foreign aid in bolstering U.S . national security and creating economic opportunities for Utah businesses . As a member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee , I am committed to supporting the vital U.S . government programs that protect our nations interests abroad , he said . Our global ties help to open new markets for U.S . businesses and create jobs for Americans , while U.S . diplomats and development workers overseas are preventing conflicts and wiping out diseases before they reach our borders . - House Natural Resources Committee On February 13 , 2019 , Curtis invited the National Parks , Forests and Public Lands Subcommittee to join the Clean Air Challenge and find common ground to address Utahs and the countrys environmental issues . Curtis then introduced the Provo Clean Air Toolkit , which contains strategies that Utahns can use to improve the quality on personal levels and businesses can use on larger scales . He then asked the subcommittee to take the Provo Clean Air Challenge Pledge with him and the rest of Utah to pass along the clean-air initiative . Committee assignments . - United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce - Subcommittee on Health - Subcommittee on Communications & Technology - Subcommittee on Environment & Climate Change Caucus memberships . - Republican Main Street Partnership - Congressional Western Caucus - Ski and Snowboard Caucus - Republican Study Committee - Congressional Dietary Supplement Caucus - Problem Solvers Caucus Personal and professional life . Curtis is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and served a two-year mission in Taiwan . He and his wife Sue have six children . Curtis has two older sisters , Camille and Kristine , and a younger brother , Kitt . Through his father , he is a descendant of Brigham Young . His great-uncle is LeGrand R . Curtis , and his first cousin once removed is LeGrand R . Curtis Jr. , a current General Authority Seventy of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints also serving as Church Historian . Curtis has also served on several community and advisory boards including the Provo/Orem Chamber of Commerce ( now Utah Valley Chamber of Commerce ) , the Mountain Valley Chapter of the American Red Cross , the Utah National Parks Council of the Boys Scouts of America , and the Utah Valley Healthcare Foundation . As a public figure , he has gained recognition for his wide collection of socks . Controversies . On March 20 , 2018 , five women filed a lawsuit claiming the city of Provo and Curtis ( as mayor ) failed to take action to protect them from alleged sexual harassment and assault by former police chief John King , despite allegations of misconduct in 2015 and 2016 . Plaintiffs accused King of a broad range of sexual misconduct , including staring at their breasts , making inappropriate comments , uninvited touching , groping and , in one case , rape . City Council members told the Deseret News that they held a closed-door meeting about Kings conduct in late 2015 or early 2016 . The lawsuit alleged that Curtis chilled reporting by telling police department supervisors in fall 2014 that “he did not want to receive any more complaints about Chief King.” The complaint read , Chief King was going to remain chief of the department as long as Curtis was in office and there was nothing the supervisors could do about it . Curtis said the meeting was mischaracterized , that he had called the meeting to discuss a new , unpopular beat program that King had implemented in the police department . He said there was also concern in the department that King would not stay in Provo long because his wife did not move to Utah with him . That was absolutely all , Curtis said . Never , under any circumstances , would I infer that they were expected to follow him if anything was not appropriate , let alone sexual harassment . Councilman Gary Winterton confirmed the council had such a discussion about King , with the chief present , but he said he could not say much about the meeting because it was a closed session . Winterton said he could not say what type of administrative action , if any , was taken . The lawsuit stated the meeting did not result in any discipline of King . In March 2017 , King resigned after the rape allegation at Curtiss request , even though Salt Lake County District Attorney Sim Gill had declined to bring charges . In an email obtained by the Deseret News through a records request , King thanked Curtis for his support : You did your best to protect me at the press conference , he wrote . I am deeply sorry for putting you in this terrible position . On March 23 , 2018 , Curtis clarified that as Provos mayor , he heard three , not just two , complaints of inappropriate sexual conduct against King . The first time , Curtis said , he warned King that even if his alleged actions had been misinterpreted , King shouldnt put himself in positions where his actions could be misinterpreted . The second time , he ordered King to retake sexual harassment training and reiterated that he should not go past a certain point while visiting women at the departments dispatch center . The third time , after a student volunteer accused King of rape in early 2017 , Curtis asked for Kings resignation . In response , Curtis said , One of the things I’m learning is what women expect is more than checking the boxes legally . They need a lot of emotional support and understanding . And we don’t talk a lot about that portion of what do you do when these things happen . So , in a way , if you think about this , I’m seeing , like , OK , my primary responsibility is to get this into the right hands . I read her comments about how what I did made her feel , and it was clear to me that she expected more from me than just getting it into the right hands . Lesson learned . External links . - Curtiss official U.S . House website - Curtiss campaign website |
[
"Gulf University for Science and Technology"
] | easy | Where was Abdullah Al-Salloum educated from Sep 2003 to 2007? | /wiki/Abdullah_Al-Salloum#P69#0 | Abdullah Al-Salloum Abdullah Al-Salloum ( Arabic : عبد الله السلوم ; Tribe : Wuhiba , Banu Tamim ; born Abdullah Salim Abdullah Al-Salloum , August 28 , 1981 ) is a Kuwaiti economist , entrepreneur , investor and author , who is known for his publications on the principles of political economics as well as for originating new accounting techniques that have been dedicated to public domain as part of social responsibility . Early life and education . Al-Salloum was born on August 28 , 1981 in Kuwait . He earned his masters degree in business administration and his bachelors degree in computer science from Gulf University for Science and Technology . Hes also earned a certification of international project management from the American Academy of Financial Management . Views . COVID–19 pandemic . In an interview on Thmanyah in March 2020 , Al-Salloum speculated an unprecedented economic depression to take place in July 2020 . The rationale was based on the paralysis of daily life caused by lockdowns , where curfews caused a real decrease in consumption levels . Accordingly , the global economy was negatively affected as a result of a series of decreases in demand on energy-products as well as many others . On the same interview , he mentioned how the global economy , including the economy of the United States , would benefit from lowering oil prices during the pandemic , which contradicted the United States presidential political view on oversupplying the oil markets . As for regional economies , Kuwaits in particular , Al-Salloum warned that generous economic packages for the private sector will not be feasible for the economy when viewed in a macroeconomic perspective . He believes the private sector does not weigh enough export-driven value in the gross-domestic-products equation . In terms of 2020 budget deficit in Kuwait , he believes the pandemic was not the real cause , but an accelerator . He also believes a conditional Public Debt Bill would be the best available option when other reforming legislations pass in parallel , in particular , the ones designated to accelerate the export-based private sector . Economy of Kuwait . In a study he has published in Alqabas newspaper , as well as in other interviews , Al-Salloum illustrated how the economy of Kuwait is driven by formulas whose heavy-weighted variables are out of local control . He demonstrated how the factors of those variables are changing in an exponential manner ; pressuring future economic circumstances to be even more severe . He concluded that future economy-related decisions must consider a sustainable positive outcome for the gross domestic product equation , which only occurs by stimulating exports , shortening imports , or both concurrently . Budget deficits in Kuwait . In another study he has published in Kuwait Times newspaper , Al-Salloum concluded that financial waste , corruption , isolation of returns of sovereign funds or insufficient government operational management are not the real cause of state budget deficits but the inability to overcome macroeconomic-related issues , such as transforming the state economy to an economy that is led by an exports-based private sub-sector . Kuwaiti vision 2035 . Al-Salloum believes that Kuwaiti Vision 2035 has not followed the minimum standards of the sustainable development vision concept . His rationale was based on the insufficient methodology used to set the goals of that vision ; by which a vision is just a collection of goals that will definitely be achieved once previously planned giant and large projects are executed . Hence , this vision would not require a real strategy to follow other than waiting . Saudi vision 2030 . Unlike Kuwaiti Vision 2035 , Al-Salloum sees Saudi Vision 2030 as a vision that follows reasonable standards of the sustainable development vision concept ; defending most of its strategies in a book of six chapters . The reason behind having Al-Salloum focusing on the Saudi Arabian economy is the belief that Kuwaits economy , once sustainable , will be attached to the closest largest economy , Saudi Arabian . Diversified economy . Al-Salloums advised that following the leads of macroeconomic theories will be of an added value in moving the GCC economy from oil-based to diversified . Except for Kuwait , the decision-making process in all other GCC is centralized , where following those leads – in a direct manner – can be feasibly accomplished . For Kuwaits case , however , and because of the very distributed decision-making process made by democracy , following those leads to have an effective economic reform must have a prior political reform . Early retirement bill . Despite the 90% government-parliament consensus on Early Retirement Bill , Al-Salloum believes such a bill should be disregarded unless there will be real political outcomes exceeding future economic losses . He sees that , if the bill passes , the Public Institution For Social Security will accelerate towards an actuarial deficit that is predicted in 2067 ; making it less independent and more reliant on government treasury to cover its shortages . Al-Salloums advised that the presence of actuarial figures in governmental-parliamentary committees would fill in the gap between the two authorities in this matter . He also advised that inefficient financial management and corruption within governmental institutions must not be an excuse to pass such bills , including Loans Dropping Bill . Legislations should consider those issues instead . Belt and road initiative . In an interview with Xinhua , Al-Salloum stated that the Belt and Road Initiative can help create jobs , increase net exports , and attract even more foreign investments , which by the end increase the overall gross domestic product . In the interview , he stated that China has the expertise , manpower and industrial and logistic production ingredients , which crave entering a market or creating a new one . Kuwait , on the other hand , according to his opinion , has a good location that can be utilized to create mutual interests for both countries . Hence , he sees cooperation with China will have a positive impact on the development in Kuwait and leads the country to be more exposed and to prompt legislations to facilitate international trade . U.S . Chinese tariffs . In another interview with Xinhua , Al-Salloum showed his visualization of China overcoming the tariffs crisis as its products are no longer globally seen as second-class , which can be justified by the improved utilization of expertise and research and development it has . He brought up Apple as an example where products are marketed as designed in California and assembled in China . Publications . Books . - Sultan of Najd ( Arabic : سلطان نجد ) : ( Subtitled : The throne advocating for fair wealth distribution - Arabic : الحكم المناصر لعدالة توزيع الثروة ) ( ) is a political economic novel that interprets –within the ancient Ukhaydhariya State– a series of events that exposed what was unknown by the throne , not only within the monetary scope , but the state politics , where the Emir gets introduced to reforming schemes meant to achieve the state’s sustainability . The title was ranked the third bestseller on Amazons Arabic Literature and Fiction category . - Kuwait of the Sustainability ( Arabic : كويت الاستدامة ) : ( Subtitled : Vision of a people , from and to them . - Arabic : رؤية شعب، منه وإليه. ) ( ) A political economic book that extensively highlights the Kuwaiti economy in particular , aiming at clarifying the concept of sound economic vision through radical solutions targeting macro-economic issues of the state . In this title , which is introduced with appraisals by Prof . Ghanim Al-Najjar – the political science professor at Kuwait University – , Ali Al-Sanad , Ph.D . – the Islamic studies professor at the General Authority for Applied Education and Training – , and Mr . Mohammed Al-Yousifi – the historical researcher and political analyst – , Al-Salloum looks forward to raise the awareness of the economic sense ; in a way that makes individuals see and understand the consequences of political and administrative decision-making outcomes , build their own view and critical opinion while being fully aware of the subject matter . The title concludes that moving Kuwait from rent to sustainability requires a major reform at the macro-economic level , a reform whose impact would wipe all political , organizational behavioral , and micro-economic obstacles facing the state . - Kingdom of the Vision ( Arabic : مملكة الرؤية ) : ( Subtitled : Within The Conflicts Of Sustainability And Rent - Arabic : بين مصارع الريعية والاستدامة ) ( ) An economic book that extensively elaborates on Saudi Arabias Vision 2030 ; linking its strategy to macroeconomics theories . The title was ranked as best-seller on Jamalon – middle-easts largest online book retailer – as well as on Amazons Arabic books category . - The Currency of Mount Serenity ( Arabic : مال جبال السكينة ) : A novel ( Subtitled : The monetary system : from favor to post-tar-inar eras - Arabic : النظام المالي بين حقبتي الامتنان وما بعد الزفتينار ) ( ) that interprets – in a virtual world – the historic development eras of the real monetary system . The title was ranked as best-seller on Jamalon ; middle-easts largest online books retailer . Studies . - The Truth Behind Kuwaits Budget Deficits – ( February 2020 ) Kuwait Times Newspaper - Economy of Kuwait Is Driven By Out-of-Control Variables – ( August 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper Articles . - Has the Government Program Considered the Real Flaw ? – ( December 2020 ) Alqabas Newspaper - The Kuwaiti Dinar , Where to ? – ( October 2020 ) Thmanyah Publishing - The Reasons Behind Generousity Differences in COVID-19s Economic Packages – ( September 2020 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Well-Being Within Money Eras – ( September 2020 ) Thmanyah Publishing - Kuwaits Economy on The Verge of No Return – ( August 2020 ) Alqabas Newspaper - A Recession is Closer , Thank you OPEC+ – ( April 2020 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Public Debt Bill is Inevitable , But.. ! – ( April 2020 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Nazahahs Memorandum of Understanding With Egypt – ( December 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Kuwait of the Sustainability – ( December 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - We Complain Whilst Were The Defect – ( December 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Vision , The Concept – ( November 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : The Turning Point II – ( November 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : The Turning Point I – ( November 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Management In Rentier State II – ( November 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Management In Rentier State I – ( November 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - May God Help You , First Northen Zour – ( September 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Society In Rentier State II – ( October 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Society In Rentier State I – ( October 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Realization Moment – ( September 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Introduction – ( September 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Were The Healing That We Dont See , The Disease That We Dont Feel – ( September 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Actuarial Implications of Early Retirement Bill – ( January 2019 ) Aljarida Newspaper - Loans Dropping , As If Abu Zaid Did Not Invade – ( December 2018 ) Aljarida Newspaper - Between The Scarcity of Housing And Aunt Hissas Mash , There Is A Long Story – ( December 2018 ) Aljarida Newspaper - Democracy And Rentier State Do Not Converge – ( December 2018 ) Aljarida Newspaper - No Sustainability Without Private Sectors Exports – ( November 2018 ) Aljarida Newspaper - Constitutions Knight : The Games Pawn – ( November 2018 ) Aljarida Newspaper - Saudi Aramco : Borrowing To Repurchase – ( February 2018 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Accelerating Entrepreneurship Remains Rentier – ( February 2018 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Scarcity In Fiat And Virtual Currencies – ( January 2018 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Ripple : The Highest ROI In 2017 – ( January 2018 ) Alvexo News - Bitcoin : Where to ? – ( December 2017 ) Alvexo News - Saudi Arabian 2017-2018 Annual Report – ( December 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Anti-Corruption In Saudi Aramcos Listing Equation – ( November 2017 ) Alvexo News - NEOM : Singapore Of The Red Sea – ( October 2017 ) Alvexo News - Baitek And Ahli United : Merger And Acquisition – ( October 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Non-Rentier Vs . Sustainability – ( October 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Reduction Of Retirement Age : The Actuarial Perspective – ( September 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Diseconomies Of Scale In E-Businesses – ( September 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Artificial Intelligence In Business Decision Making – ( September 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - JASTA And The IPO Of Saudi Aramco – ( September 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Pricey Criteria Towards Reasoning – ( August 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Islamic Finance and ISIS – ( July 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Wobbling Bridge – ( July 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Technical Analysis On Thursdays Plate – ( June 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Sustainability Of Mash And An Actuarial Cinnamon – ( June 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Sovereign Funds , And Youth – ( May 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Your Highness , Dont Use Others Excuse ! – ( May 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Injustice Towards The Minister – ( May 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Citizens And Expatriates Are Equal Towards A Countrys Wealth – ( April 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Economic Philosophy And Monetary Systems – ( April 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Santiago And The Investments Of Our Sovereign Funds – ( March 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - The Sustainability Of A Competitive Business Environment And Foreign Residents – ( March 2017 ) Aljarida Newspaper - The Valuation Of Saudi Aramco – ( March 2017 ) Alqabas and Elaph Newspapers - Our Vision And Theirs – ( February 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper Dhammin . Al-Salloum has founded Dhammin ( Arabic : ضمّن ) ; a smart political platform that manages candidates electoral campaigns for the National Assembly , Municipal Council or Cooperative Society councils . It has been stated in news reports and interviews that the platform is the first within the field to apply distributed-systems methodologies . Accounting techniques . Al-Salloum has developed – then dedicated to public domain – new accounting techniques using an open-source code and gave it a – CC0 – license to be developed and republished as part of social responsibility . The techniques help businesspeople to easily create qualified and advanced feasibility studies ( managerial , technical , financial and market feasibility , as well as pricing mechanism ) by inserting basic information . These techniques also assist Households rationalize their Expenses , to either raise savings or lower liabilities , with a minimum lifestyle change . The techniques have expanded to determine the valuation of running businesses for the purpose of acquisition or sale ; creating more efficient negotiation outcomes . Al-Salloum has given free workshops on how such techniques can be utilized to get more realistic and reasonable results . In November 2019 , Al-Salloum , as the author of these accounting techniques , received the Award of Youth Volunteer and Humanitarian Initiatives Forum , along with 14 others out of 620 initiatives participating from 16 different Arab countries . Awards . - Award of Youth Volunteer and Humanitarian Initiatives Forum |
[
"Gulf University for Science and Technology"
] | easy | Which school did Abdullah Al-Salloum go to from Sep 2008 to Sep 2009? | /wiki/Abdullah_Al-Salloum#P69#1 | Abdullah Al-Salloum Abdullah Al-Salloum ( Arabic : عبد الله السلوم ; Tribe : Wuhiba , Banu Tamim ; born Abdullah Salim Abdullah Al-Salloum , August 28 , 1981 ) is a Kuwaiti economist , entrepreneur , investor and author , who is known for his publications on the principles of political economics as well as for originating new accounting techniques that have been dedicated to public domain as part of social responsibility . Early life and education . Al-Salloum was born on August 28 , 1981 in Kuwait . He earned his masters degree in business administration and his bachelors degree in computer science from Gulf University for Science and Technology . Hes also earned a certification of international project management from the American Academy of Financial Management . Views . COVID–19 pandemic . In an interview on Thmanyah in March 2020 , Al-Salloum speculated an unprecedented economic depression to take place in July 2020 . The rationale was based on the paralysis of daily life caused by lockdowns , where curfews caused a real decrease in consumption levels . Accordingly , the global economy was negatively affected as a result of a series of decreases in demand on energy-products as well as many others . On the same interview , he mentioned how the global economy , including the economy of the United States , would benefit from lowering oil prices during the pandemic , which contradicted the United States presidential political view on oversupplying the oil markets . As for regional economies , Kuwaits in particular , Al-Salloum warned that generous economic packages for the private sector will not be feasible for the economy when viewed in a macroeconomic perspective . He believes the private sector does not weigh enough export-driven value in the gross-domestic-products equation . In terms of 2020 budget deficit in Kuwait , he believes the pandemic was not the real cause , but an accelerator . He also believes a conditional Public Debt Bill would be the best available option when other reforming legislations pass in parallel , in particular , the ones designated to accelerate the export-based private sector . Economy of Kuwait . In a study he has published in Alqabas newspaper , as well as in other interviews , Al-Salloum illustrated how the economy of Kuwait is driven by formulas whose heavy-weighted variables are out of local control . He demonstrated how the factors of those variables are changing in an exponential manner ; pressuring future economic circumstances to be even more severe . He concluded that future economy-related decisions must consider a sustainable positive outcome for the gross domestic product equation , which only occurs by stimulating exports , shortening imports , or both concurrently . Budget deficits in Kuwait . In another study he has published in Kuwait Times newspaper , Al-Salloum concluded that financial waste , corruption , isolation of returns of sovereign funds or insufficient government operational management are not the real cause of state budget deficits but the inability to overcome macroeconomic-related issues , such as transforming the state economy to an economy that is led by an exports-based private sub-sector . Kuwaiti vision 2035 . Al-Salloum believes that Kuwaiti Vision 2035 has not followed the minimum standards of the sustainable development vision concept . His rationale was based on the insufficient methodology used to set the goals of that vision ; by which a vision is just a collection of goals that will definitely be achieved once previously planned giant and large projects are executed . Hence , this vision would not require a real strategy to follow other than waiting . Saudi vision 2030 . Unlike Kuwaiti Vision 2035 , Al-Salloum sees Saudi Vision 2030 as a vision that follows reasonable standards of the sustainable development vision concept ; defending most of its strategies in a book of six chapters . The reason behind having Al-Salloum focusing on the Saudi Arabian economy is the belief that Kuwaits economy , once sustainable , will be attached to the closest largest economy , Saudi Arabian . Diversified economy . Al-Salloums advised that following the leads of macroeconomic theories will be of an added value in moving the GCC economy from oil-based to diversified . Except for Kuwait , the decision-making process in all other GCC is centralized , where following those leads – in a direct manner – can be feasibly accomplished . For Kuwaits case , however , and because of the very distributed decision-making process made by democracy , following those leads to have an effective economic reform must have a prior political reform . Early retirement bill . Despite the 90% government-parliament consensus on Early Retirement Bill , Al-Salloum believes such a bill should be disregarded unless there will be real political outcomes exceeding future economic losses . He sees that , if the bill passes , the Public Institution For Social Security will accelerate towards an actuarial deficit that is predicted in 2067 ; making it less independent and more reliant on government treasury to cover its shortages . Al-Salloums advised that the presence of actuarial figures in governmental-parliamentary committees would fill in the gap between the two authorities in this matter . He also advised that inefficient financial management and corruption within governmental institutions must not be an excuse to pass such bills , including Loans Dropping Bill . Legislations should consider those issues instead . Belt and road initiative . In an interview with Xinhua , Al-Salloum stated that the Belt and Road Initiative can help create jobs , increase net exports , and attract even more foreign investments , which by the end increase the overall gross domestic product . In the interview , he stated that China has the expertise , manpower and industrial and logistic production ingredients , which crave entering a market or creating a new one . Kuwait , on the other hand , according to his opinion , has a good location that can be utilized to create mutual interests for both countries . Hence , he sees cooperation with China will have a positive impact on the development in Kuwait and leads the country to be more exposed and to prompt legislations to facilitate international trade . U.S . Chinese tariffs . In another interview with Xinhua , Al-Salloum showed his visualization of China overcoming the tariffs crisis as its products are no longer globally seen as second-class , which can be justified by the improved utilization of expertise and research and development it has . He brought up Apple as an example where products are marketed as designed in California and assembled in China . Publications . Books . - Sultan of Najd ( Arabic : سلطان نجد ) : ( Subtitled : The throne advocating for fair wealth distribution - Arabic : الحكم المناصر لعدالة توزيع الثروة ) ( ) is a political economic novel that interprets –within the ancient Ukhaydhariya State– a series of events that exposed what was unknown by the throne , not only within the monetary scope , but the state politics , where the Emir gets introduced to reforming schemes meant to achieve the state’s sustainability . The title was ranked the third bestseller on Amazons Arabic Literature and Fiction category . - Kuwait of the Sustainability ( Arabic : كويت الاستدامة ) : ( Subtitled : Vision of a people , from and to them . - Arabic : رؤية شعب، منه وإليه. ) ( ) A political economic book that extensively highlights the Kuwaiti economy in particular , aiming at clarifying the concept of sound economic vision through radical solutions targeting macro-economic issues of the state . In this title , which is introduced with appraisals by Prof . Ghanim Al-Najjar – the political science professor at Kuwait University – , Ali Al-Sanad , Ph.D . – the Islamic studies professor at the General Authority for Applied Education and Training – , and Mr . Mohammed Al-Yousifi – the historical researcher and political analyst – , Al-Salloum looks forward to raise the awareness of the economic sense ; in a way that makes individuals see and understand the consequences of political and administrative decision-making outcomes , build their own view and critical opinion while being fully aware of the subject matter . The title concludes that moving Kuwait from rent to sustainability requires a major reform at the macro-economic level , a reform whose impact would wipe all political , organizational behavioral , and micro-economic obstacles facing the state . - Kingdom of the Vision ( Arabic : مملكة الرؤية ) : ( Subtitled : Within The Conflicts Of Sustainability And Rent - Arabic : بين مصارع الريعية والاستدامة ) ( ) An economic book that extensively elaborates on Saudi Arabias Vision 2030 ; linking its strategy to macroeconomics theories . The title was ranked as best-seller on Jamalon – middle-easts largest online book retailer – as well as on Amazons Arabic books category . - The Currency of Mount Serenity ( Arabic : مال جبال السكينة ) : A novel ( Subtitled : The monetary system : from favor to post-tar-inar eras - Arabic : النظام المالي بين حقبتي الامتنان وما بعد الزفتينار ) ( ) that interprets – in a virtual world – the historic development eras of the real monetary system . The title was ranked as best-seller on Jamalon ; middle-easts largest online books retailer . Studies . - The Truth Behind Kuwaits Budget Deficits – ( February 2020 ) Kuwait Times Newspaper - Economy of Kuwait Is Driven By Out-of-Control Variables – ( August 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper Articles . - Has the Government Program Considered the Real Flaw ? – ( December 2020 ) Alqabas Newspaper - The Kuwaiti Dinar , Where to ? – ( October 2020 ) Thmanyah Publishing - The Reasons Behind Generousity Differences in COVID-19s Economic Packages – ( September 2020 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Well-Being Within Money Eras – ( September 2020 ) Thmanyah Publishing - Kuwaits Economy on The Verge of No Return – ( August 2020 ) Alqabas Newspaper - A Recession is Closer , Thank you OPEC+ – ( April 2020 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Public Debt Bill is Inevitable , But.. ! – ( April 2020 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Nazahahs Memorandum of Understanding With Egypt – ( December 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Kuwait of the Sustainability – ( December 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - We Complain Whilst Were The Defect – ( December 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Vision , The Concept – ( November 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : The Turning Point II – ( November 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : The Turning Point I – ( November 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Management In Rentier State II – ( November 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Management In Rentier State I – ( November 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - May God Help You , First Northen Zour – ( September 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Society In Rentier State II – ( October 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Society In Rentier State I – ( October 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Realization Moment – ( September 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Introduction – ( September 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Were The Healing That We Dont See , The Disease That We Dont Feel – ( September 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Actuarial Implications of Early Retirement Bill – ( January 2019 ) Aljarida Newspaper - Loans Dropping , As If Abu Zaid Did Not Invade – ( December 2018 ) Aljarida Newspaper - Between The Scarcity of Housing And Aunt Hissas Mash , There Is A Long Story – ( December 2018 ) Aljarida Newspaper - Democracy And Rentier State Do Not Converge – ( December 2018 ) Aljarida Newspaper - No Sustainability Without Private Sectors Exports – ( November 2018 ) Aljarida Newspaper - Constitutions Knight : The Games Pawn – ( November 2018 ) Aljarida Newspaper - Saudi Aramco : Borrowing To Repurchase – ( February 2018 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Accelerating Entrepreneurship Remains Rentier – ( February 2018 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Scarcity In Fiat And Virtual Currencies – ( January 2018 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Ripple : The Highest ROI In 2017 – ( January 2018 ) Alvexo News - Bitcoin : Where to ? – ( December 2017 ) Alvexo News - Saudi Arabian 2017-2018 Annual Report – ( December 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Anti-Corruption In Saudi Aramcos Listing Equation – ( November 2017 ) Alvexo News - NEOM : Singapore Of The Red Sea – ( October 2017 ) Alvexo News - Baitek And Ahli United : Merger And Acquisition – ( October 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Non-Rentier Vs . Sustainability – ( October 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Reduction Of Retirement Age : The Actuarial Perspective – ( September 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Diseconomies Of Scale In E-Businesses – ( September 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Artificial Intelligence In Business Decision Making – ( September 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - JASTA And The IPO Of Saudi Aramco – ( September 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Pricey Criteria Towards Reasoning – ( August 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Islamic Finance and ISIS – ( July 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Wobbling Bridge – ( July 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Technical Analysis On Thursdays Plate – ( June 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Sustainability Of Mash And An Actuarial Cinnamon – ( June 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Sovereign Funds , And Youth – ( May 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Your Highness , Dont Use Others Excuse ! – ( May 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Injustice Towards The Minister – ( May 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Citizens And Expatriates Are Equal Towards A Countrys Wealth – ( April 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Economic Philosophy And Monetary Systems – ( April 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Santiago And The Investments Of Our Sovereign Funds – ( March 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - The Sustainability Of A Competitive Business Environment And Foreign Residents – ( March 2017 ) Aljarida Newspaper - The Valuation Of Saudi Aramco – ( March 2017 ) Alqabas and Elaph Newspapers - Our Vision And Theirs – ( February 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper Dhammin . Al-Salloum has founded Dhammin ( Arabic : ضمّن ) ; a smart political platform that manages candidates electoral campaigns for the National Assembly , Municipal Council or Cooperative Society councils . It has been stated in news reports and interviews that the platform is the first within the field to apply distributed-systems methodologies . Accounting techniques . Al-Salloum has developed – then dedicated to public domain – new accounting techniques using an open-source code and gave it a – CC0 – license to be developed and republished as part of social responsibility . The techniques help businesspeople to easily create qualified and advanced feasibility studies ( managerial , technical , financial and market feasibility , as well as pricing mechanism ) by inserting basic information . These techniques also assist Households rationalize their Expenses , to either raise savings or lower liabilities , with a minimum lifestyle change . The techniques have expanded to determine the valuation of running businesses for the purpose of acquisition or sale ; creating more efficient negotiation outcomes . Al-Salloum has given free workshops on how such techniques can be utilized to get more realistic and reasonable results . In November 2019 , Al-Salloum , as the author of these accounting techniques , received the Award of Youth Volunteer and Humanitarian Initiatives Forum , along with 14 others out of 620 initiatives participating from 16 different Arab countries . Awards . - Award of Youth Volunteer and Humanitarian Initiatives Forum |
[
"American Academy of Financial Management",
"Gulf University for Science and Technology"
] | easy | Abdullah Al-Salloum went to which school in Sep 2009? | /wiki/Abdullah_Al-Salloum#P69#2 | Abdullah Al-Salloum Abdullah Al-Salloum ( Arabic : عبد الله السلوم ; Tribe : Wuhiba , Banu Tamim ; born Abdullah Salim Abdullah Al-Salloum , August 28 , 1981 ) is a Kuwaiti economist , entrepreneur , investor and author , who is known for his publications on the principles of political economics as well as for originating new accounting techniques that have been dedicated to public domain as part of social responsibility . Early life and education . Al-Salloum was born on August 28 , 1981 in Kuwait . He earned his masters degree in business administration and his bachelors degree in computer science from Gulf University for Science and Technology . Hes also earned a certification of international project management from the American Academy of Financial Management . Views . COVID–19 pandemic . In an interview on Thmanyah in March 2020 , Al-Salloum speculated an unprecedented economic depression to take place in July 2020 . The rationale was based on the paralysis of daily life caused by lockdowns , where curfews caused a real decrease in consumption levels . Accordingly , the global economy was negatively affected as a result of a series of decreases in demand on energy-products as well as many others . On the same interview , he mentioned how the global economy , including the economy of the United States , would benefit from lowering oil prices during the pandemic , which contradicted the United States presidential political view on oversupplying the oil markets . As for regional economies , Kuwaits in particular , Al-Salloum warned that generous economic packages for the private sector will not be feasible for the economy when viewed in a macroeconomic perspective . He believes the private sector does not weigh enough export-driven value in the gross-domestic-products equation . In terms of 2020 budget deficit in Kuwait , he believes the pandemic was not the real cause , but an accelerator . He also believes a conditional Public Debt Bill would be the best available option when other reforming legislations pass in parallel , in particular , the ones designated to accelerate the export-based private sector . Economy of Kuwait . In a study he has published in Alqabas newspaper , as well as in other interviews , Al-Salloum illustrated how the economy of Kuwait is driven by formulas whose heavy-weighted variables are out of local control . He demonstrated how the factors of those variables are changing in an exponential manner ; pressuring future economic circumstances to be even more severe . He concluded that future economy-related decisions must consider a sustainable positive outcome for the gross domestic product equation , which only occurs by stimulating exports , shortening imports , or both concurrently . Budget deficits in Kuwait . In another study he has published in Kuwait Times newspaper , Al-Salloum concluded that financial waste , corruption , isolation of returns of sovereign funds or insufficient government operational management are not the real cause of state budget deficits but the inability to overcome macroeconomic-related issues , such as transforming the state economy to an economy that is led by an exports-based private sub-sector . Kuwaiti vision 2035 . Al-Salloum believes that Kuwaiti Vision 2035 has not followed the minimum standards of the sustainable development vision concept . His rationale was based on the insufficient methodology used to set the goals of that vision ; by which a vision is just a collection of goals that will definitely be achieved once previously planned giant and large projects are executed . Hence , this vision would not require a real strategy to follow other than waiting . Saudi vision 2030 . Unlike Kuwaiti Vision 2035 , Al-Salloum sees Saudi Vision 2030 as a vision that follows reasonable standards of the sustainable development vision concept ; defending most of its strategies in a book of six chapters . The reason behind having Al-Salloum focusing on the Saudi Arabian economy is the belief that Kuwaits economy , once sustainable , will be attached to the closest largest economy , Saudi Arabian . Diversified economy . Al-Salloums advised that following the leads of macroeconomic theories will be of an added value in moving the GCC economy from oil-based to diversified . Except for Kuwait , the decision-making process in all other GCC is centralized , where following those leads – in a direct manner – can be feasibly accomplished . For Kuwaits case , however , and because of the very distributed decision-making process made by democracy , following those leads to have an effective economic reform must have a prior political reform . Early retirement bill . Despite the 90% government-parliament consensus on Early Retirement Bill , Al-Salloum believes such a bill should be disregarded unless there will be real political outcomes exceeding future economic losses . He sees that , if the bill passes , the Public Institution For Social Security will accelerate towards an actuarial deficit that is predicted in 2067 ; making it less independent and more reliant on government treasury to cover its shortages . Al-Salloums advised that the presence of actuarial figures in governmental-parliamentary committees would fill in the gap between the two authorities in this matter . He also advised that inefficient financial management and corruption within governmental institutions must not be an excuse to pass such bills , including Loans Dropping Bill . Legislations should consider those issues instead . Belt and road initiative . In an interview with Xinhua , Al-Salloum stated that the Belt and Road Initiative can help create jobs , increase net exports , and attract even more foreign investments , which by the end increase the overall gross domestic product . In the interview , he stated that China has the expertise , manpower and industrial and logistic production ingredients , which crave entering a market or creating a new one . Kuwait , on the other hand , according to his opinion , has a good location that can be utilized to create mutual interests for both countries . Hence , he sees cooperation with China will have a positive impact on the development in Kuwait and leads the country to be more exposed and to prompt legislations to facilitate international trade . U.S . Chinese tariffs . In another interview with Xinhua , Al-Salloum showed his visualization of China overcoming the tariffs crisis as its products are no longer globally seen as second-class , which can be justified by the improved utilization of expertise and research and development it has . He brought up Apple as an example where products are marketed as designed in California and assembled in China . Publications . Books . - Sultan of Najd ( Arabic : سلطان نجد ) : ( Subtitled : The throne advocating for fair wealth distribution - Arabic : الحكم المناصر لعدالة توزيع الثروة ) ( ) is a political economic novel that interprets –within the ancient Ukhaydhariya State– a series of events that exposed what was unknown by the throne , not only within the monetary scope , but the state politics , where the Emir gets introduced to reforming schemes meant to achieve the state’s sustainability . The title was ranked the third bestseller on Amazons Arabic Literature and Fiction category . - Kuwait of the Sustainability ( Arabic : كويت الاستدامة ) : ( Subtitled : Vision of a people , from and to them . - Arabic : رؤية شعب، منه وإليه. ) ( ) A political economic book that extensively highlights the Kuwaiti economy in particular , aiming at clarifying the concept of sound economic vision through radical solutions targeting macro-economic issues of the state . In this title , which is introduced with appraisals by Prof . Ghanim Al-Najjar – the political science professor at Kuwait University – , Ali Al-Sanad , Ph.D . – the Islamic studies professor at the General Authority for Applied Education and Training – , and Mr . Mohammed Al-Yousifi – the historical researcher and political analyst – , Al-Salloum looks forward to raise the awareness of the economic sense ; in a way that makes individuals see and understand the consequences of political and administrative decision-making outcomes , build their own view and critical opinion while being fully aware of the subject matter . The title concludes that moving Kuwait from rent to sustainability requires a major reform at the macro-economic level , a reform whose impact would wipe all political , organizational behavioral , and micro-economic obstacles facing the state . - Kingdom of the Vision ( Arabic : مملكة الرؤية ) : ( Subtitled : Within The Conflicts Of Sustainability And Rent - Arabic : بين مصارع الريعية والاستدامة ) ( ) An economic book that extensively elaborates on Saudi Arabias Vision 2030 ; linking its strategy to macroeconomics theories . The title was ranked as best-seller on Jamalon – middle-easts largest online book retailer – as well as on Amazons Arabic books category . - The Currency of Mount Serenity ( Arabic : مال جبال السكينة ) : A novel ( Subtitled : The monetary system : from favor to post-tar-inar eras - Arabic : النظام المالي بين حقبتي الامتنان وما بعد الزفتينار ) ( ) that interprets – in a virtual world – the historic development eras of the real monetary system . The title was ranked as best-seller on Jamalon ; middle-easts largest online books retailer . Studies . - The Truth Behind Kuwaits Budget Deficits – ( February 2020 ) Kuwait Times Newspaper - Economy of Kuwait Is Driven By Out-of-Control Variables – ( August 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper Articles . - Has the Government Program Considered the Real Flaw ? – ( December 2020 ) Alqabas Newspaper - The Kuwaiti Dinar , Where to ? – ( October 2020 ) Thmanyah Publishing - The Reasons Behind Generousity Differences in COVID-19s Economic Packages – ( September 2020 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Well-Being Within Money Eras – ( September 2020 ) Thmanyah Publishing - Kuwaits Economy on The Verge of No Return – ( August 2020 ) Alqabas Newspaper - A Recession is Closer , Thank you OPEC+ – ( April 2020 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Public Debt Bill is Inevitable , But.. ! – ( April 2020 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Nazahahs Memorandum of Understanding With Egypt – ( December 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Kuwait of the Sustainability – ( December 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - We Complain Whilst Were The Defect – ( December 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Vision , The Concept – ( November 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : The Turning Point II – ( November 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : The Turning Point I – ( November 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Management In Rentier State II – ( November 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Management In Rentier State I – ( November 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - May God Help You , First Northen Zour – ( September 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Society In Rentier State II – ( October 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Society In Rentier State I – ( October 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Realization Moment – ( September 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Introduction – ( September 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Were The Healing That We Dont See , The Disease That We Dont Feel – ( September 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Actuarial Implications of Early Retirement Bill – ( January 2019 ) Aljarida Newspaper - Loans Dropping , As If Abu Zaid Did Not Invade – ( December 2018 ) Aljarida Newspaper - Between The Scarcity of Housing And Aunt Hissas Mash , There Is A Long Story – ( December 2018 ) Aljarida Newspaper - Democracy And Rentier State Do Not Converge – ( December 2018 ) Aljarida Newspaper - No Sustainability Without Private Sectors Exports – ( November 2018 ) Aljarida Newspaper - Constitutions Knight : The Games Pawn – ( November 2018 ) Aljarida Newspaper - Saudi Aramco : Borrowing To Repurchase – ( February 2018 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Accelerating Entrepreneurship Remains Rentier – ( February 2018 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Scarcity In Fiat And Virtual Currencies – ( January 2018 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Ripple : The Highest ROI In 2017 – ( January 2018 ) Alvexo News - Bitcoin : Where to ? – ( December 2017 ) Alvexo News - Saudi Arabian 2017-2018 Annual Report – ( December 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Anti-Corruption In Saudi Aramcos Listing Equation – ( November 2017 ) Alvexo News - NEOM : Singapore Of The Red Sea – ( October 2017 ) Alvexo News - Baitek And Ahli United : Merger And Acquisition – ( October 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Non-Rentier Vs . Sustainability – ( October 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Reduction Of Retirement Age : The Actuarial Perspective – ( September 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Diseconomies Of Scale In E-Businesses – ( September 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Artificial Intelligence In Business Decision Making – ( September 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - JASTA And The IPO Of Saudi Aramco – ( September 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Pricey Criteria Towards Reasoning – ( August 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Islamic Finance and ISIS – ( July 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Wobbling Bridge – ( July 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Technical Analysis On Thursdays Plate – ( June 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Sustainability Of Mash And An Actuarial Cinnamon – ( June 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Sovereign Funds , And Youth – ( May 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Your Highness , Dont Use Others Excuse ! – ( May 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Injustice Towards The Minister – ( May 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Citizens And Expatriates Are Equal Towards A Countrys Wealth – ( April 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Economic Philosophy And Monetary Systems – ( April 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Santiago And The Investments Of Our Sovereign Funds – ( March 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - The Sustainability Of A Competitive Business Environment And Foreign Residents – ( March 2017 ) Aljarida Newspaper - The Valuation Of Saudi Aramco – ( March 2017 ) Alqabas and Elaph Newspapers - Our Vision And Theirs – ( February 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper Dhammin . Al-Salloum has founded Dhammin ( Arabic : ضمّن ) ; a smart political platform that manages candidates electoral campaigns for the National Assembly , Municipal Council or Cooperative Society councils . It has been stated in news reports and interviews that the platform is the first within the field to apply distributed-systems methodologies . Accounting techniques . Al-Salloum has developed – then dedicated to public domain – new accounting techniques using an open-source code and gave it a – CC0 – license to be developed and republished as part of social responsibility . The techniques help businesspeople to easily create qualified and advanced feasibility studies ( managerial , technical , financial and market feasibility , as well as pricing mechanism ) by inserting basic information . These techniques also assist Households rationalize their Expenses , to either raise savings or lower liabilities , with a minimum lifestyle change . The techniques have expanded to determine the valuation of running businesses for the purpose of acquisition or sale ; creating more efficient negotiation outcomes . Al-Salloum has given free workshops on how such techniques can be utilized to get more realistic and reasonable results . In November 2019 , Al-Salloum , as the author of these accounting techniques , received the Award of Youth Volunteer and Humanitarian Initiatives Forum , along with 14 others out of 620 initiatives participating from 16 different Arab countries . Awards . - Award of Youth Volunteer and Humanitarian Initiatives Forum |
[
"Gulf University for Science and Technology"
] | easy | Which school did Abdullah Al-Salloum go to from Sep 2009 to 2010? | /wiki/Abdullah_Al-Salloum#P69#3 | Abdullah Al-Salloum Abdullah Al-Salloum ( Arabic : عبد الله السلوم ; Tribe : Wuhiba , Banu Tamim ; born Abdullah Salim Abdullah Al-Salloum , August 28 , 1981 ) is a Kuwaiti economist , entrepreneur , investor and author , who is known for his publications on the principles of political economics as well as for originating new accounting techniques that have been dedicated to public domain as part of social responsibility . Early life and education . Al-Salloum was born on August 28 , 1981 in Kuwait . He earned his masters degree in business administration and his bachelors degree in computer science from Gulf University for Science and Technology . Hes also earned a certification of international project management from the American Academy of Financial Management . Views . COVID–19 pandemic . In an interview on Thmanyah in March 2020 , Al-Salloum speculated an unprecedented economic depression to take place in July 2020 . The rationale was based on the paralysis of daily life caused by lockdowns , where curfews caused a real decrease in consumption levels . Accordingly , the global economy was negatively affected as a result of a series of decreases in demand on energy-products as well as many others . On the same interview , he mentioned how the global economy , including the economy of the United States , would benefit from lowering oil prices during the pandemic , which contradicted the United States presidential political view on oversupplying the oil markets . As for regional economies , Kuwaits in particular , Al-Salloum warned that generous economic packages for the private sector will not be feasible for the economy when viewed in a macroeconomic perspective . He believes the private sector does not weigh enough export-driven value in the gross-domestic-products equation . In terms of 2020 budget deficit in Kuwait , he believes the pandemic was not the real cause , but an accelerator . He also believes a conditional Public Debt Bill would be the best available option when other reforming legislations pass in parallel , in particular , the ones designated to accelerate the export-based private sector . Economy of Kuwait . In a study he has published in Alqabas newspaper , as well as in other interviews , Al-Salloum illustrated how the economy of Kuwait is driven by formulas whose heavy-weighted variables are out of local control . He demonstrated how the factors of those variables are changing in an exponential manner ; pressuring future economic circumstances to be even more severe . He concluded that future economy-related decisions must consider a sustainable positive outcome for the gross domestic product equation , which only occurs by stimulating exports , shortening imports , or both concurrently . Budget deficits in Kuwait . In another study he has published in Kuwait Times newspaper , Al-Salloum concluded that financial waste , corruption , isolation of returns of sovereign funds or insufficient government operational management are not the real cause of state budget deficits but the inability to overcome macroeconomic-related issues , such as transforming the state economy to an economy that is led by an exports-based private sub-sector . Kuwaiti vision 2035 . Al-Salloum believes that Kuwaiti Vision 2035 has not followed the minimum standards of the sustainable development vision concept . His rationale was based on the insufficient methodology used to set the goals of that vision ; by which a vision is just a collection of goals that will definitely be achieved once previously planned giant and large projects are executed . Hence , this vision would not require a real strategy to follow other than waiting . Saudi vision 2030 . Unlike Kuwaiti Vision 2035 , Al-Salloum sees Saudi Vision 2030 as a vision that follows reasonable standards of the sustainable development vision concept ; defending most of its strategies in a book of six chapters . The reason behind having Al-Salloum focusing on the Saudi Arabian economy is the belief that Kuwaits economy , once sustainable , will be attached to the closest largest economy , Saudi Arabian . Diversified economy . Al-Salloums advised that following the leads of macroeconomic theories will be of an added value in moving the GCC economy from oil-based to diversified . Except for Kuwait , the decision-making process in all other GCC is centralized , where following those leads – in a direct manner – can be feasibly accomplished . For Kuwaits case , however , and because of the very distributed decision-making process made by democracy , following those leads to have an effective economic reform must have a prior political reform . Early retirement bill . Despite the 90% government-parliament consensus on Early Retirement Bill , Al-Salloum believes such a bill should be disregarded unless there will be real political outcomes exceeding future economic losses . He sees that , if the bill passes , the Public Institution For Social Security will accelerate towards an actuarial deficit that is predicted in 2067 ; making it less independent and more reliant on government treasury to cover its shortages . Al-Salloums advised that the presence of actuarial figures in governmental-parliamentary committees would fill in the gap between the two authorities in this matter . He also advised that inefficient financial management and corruption within governmental institutions must not be an excuse to pass such bills , including Loans Dropping Bill . Legislations should consider those issues instead . Belt and road initiative . In an interview with Xinhua , Al-Salloum stated that the Belt and Road Initiative can help create jobs , increase net exports , and attract even more foreign investments , which by the end increase the overall gross domestic product . In the interview , he stated that China has the expertise , manpower and industrial and logistic production ingredients , which crave entering a market or creating a new one . Kuwait , on the other hand , according to his opinion , has a good location that can be utilized to create mutual interests for both countries . Hence , he sees cooperation with China will have a positive impact on the development in Kuwait and leads the country to be more exposed and to prompt legislations to facilitate international trade . U.S . Chinese tariffs . In another interview with Xinhua , Al-Salloum showed his visualization of China overcoming the tariffs crisis as its products are no longer globally seen as second-class , which can be justified by the improved utilization of expertise and research and development it has . He brought up Apple as an example where products are marketed as designed in California and assembled in China . Publications . Books . - Sultan of Najd ( Arabic : سلطان نجد ) : ( Subtitled : The throne advocating for fair wealth distribution - Arabic : الحكم المناصر لعدالة توزيع الثروة ) ( ) is a political economic novel that interprets –within the ancient Ukhaydhariya State– a series of events that exposed what was unknown by the throne , not only within the monetary scope , but the state politics , where the Emir gets introduced to reforming schemes meant to achieve the state’s sustainability . The title was ranked the third bestseller on Amazons Arabic Literature and Fiction category . - Kuwait of the Sustainability ( Arabic : كويت الاستدامة ) : ( Subtitled : Vision of a people , from and to them . - Arabic : رؤية شعب، منه وإليه. ) ( ) A political economic book that extensively highlights the Kuwaiti economy in particular , aiming at clarifying the concept of sound economic vision through radical solutions targeting macro-economic issues of the state . In this title , which is introduced with appraisals by Prof . Ghanim Al-Najjar – the political science professor at Kuwait University – , Ali Al-Sanad , Ph.D . – the Islamic studies professor at the General Authority for Applied Education and Training – , and Mr . Mohammed Al-Yousifi – the historical researcher and political analyst – , Al-Salloum looks forward to raise the awareness of the economic sense ; in a way that makes individuals see and understand the consequences of political and administrative decision-making outcomes , build their own view and critical opinion while being fully aware of the subject matter . The title concludes that moving Kuwait from rent to sustainability requires a major reform at the macro-economic level , a reform whose impact would wipe all political , organizational behavioral , and micro-economic obstacles facing the state . - Kingdom of the Vision ( Arabic : مملكة الرؤية ) : ( Subtitled : Within The Conflicts Of Sustainability And Rent - Arabic : بين مصارع الريعية والاستدامة ) ( ) An economic book that extensively elaborates on Saudi Arabias Vision 2030 ; linking its strategy to macroeconomics theories . The title was ranked as best-seller on Jamalon – middle-easts largest online book retailer – as well as on Amazons Arabic books category . - The Currency of Mount Serenity ( Arabic : مال جبال السكينة ) : A novel ( Subtitled : The monetary system : from favor to post-tar-inar eras - Arabic : النظام المالي بين حقبتي الامتنان وما بعد الزفتينار ) ( ) that interprets – in a virtual world – the historic development eras of the real monetary system . The title was ranked as best-seller on Jamalon ; middle-easts largest online books retailer . Studies . - The Truth Behind Kuwaits Budget Deficits – ( February 2020 ) Kuwait Times Newspaper - Economy of Kuwait Is Driven By Out-of-Control Variables – ( August 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper Articles . - Has the Government Program Considered the Real Flaw ? – ( December 2020 ) Alqabas Newspaper - The Kuwaiti Dinar , Where to ? – ( October 2020 ) Thmanyah Publishing - The Reasons Behind Generousity Differences in COVID-19s Economic Packages – ( September 2020 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Well-Being Within Money Eras – ( September 2020 ) Thmanyah Publishing - Kuwaits Economy on The Verge of No Return – ( August 2020 ) Alqabas Newspaper - A Recession is Closer , Thank you OPEC+ – ( April 2020 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Public Debt Bill is Inevitable , But.. ! – ( April 2020 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Nazahahs Memorandum of Understanding With Egypt – ( December 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Kuwait of the Sustainability – ( December 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - We Complain Whilst Were The Defect – ( December 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Vision , The Concept – ( November 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : The Turning Point II – ( November 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : The Turning Point I – ( November 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Management In Rentier State II – ( November 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Management In Rentier State I – ( November 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - May God Help You , First Northen Zour – ( September 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Society In Rentier State II – ( October 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Society In Rentier State I – ( October 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Realization Moment – ( September 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - KOTS Series : Introduction – ( September 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Were The Healing That We Dont See , The Disease That We Dont Feel – ( September 2019 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Actuarial Implications of Early Retirement Bill – ( January 2019 ) Aljarida Newspaper - Loans Dropping , As If Abu Zaid Did Not Invade – ( December 2018 ) Aljarida Newspaper - Between The Scarcity of Housing And Aunt Hissas Mash , There Is A Long Story – ( December 2018 ) Aljarida Newspaper - Democracy And Rentier State Do Not Converge – ( December 2018 ) Aljarida Newspaper - No Sustainability Without Private Sectors Exports – ( November 2018 ) Aljarida Newspaper - Constitutions Knight : The Games Pawn – ( November 2018 ) Aljarida Newspaper - Saudi Aramco : Borrowing To Repurchase – ( February 2018 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Accelerating Entrepreneurship Remains Rentier – ( February 2018 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Scarcity In Fiat And Virtual Currencies – ( January 2018 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Ripple : The Highest ROI In 2017 – ( January 2018 ) Alvexo News - Bitcoin : Where to ? – ( December 2017 ) Alvexo News - Saudi Arabian 2017-2018 Annual Report – ( December 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Anti-Corruption In Saudi Aramcos Listing Equation – ( November 2017 ) Alvexo News - NEOM : Singapore Of The Red Sea – ( October 2017 ) Alvexo News - Baitek And Ahli United : Merger And Acquisition – ( October 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Non-Rentier Vs . Sustainability – ( October 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Reduction Of Retirement Age : The Actuarial Perspective – ( September 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Diseconomies Of Scale In E-Businesses – ( September 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Artificial Intelligence In Business Decision Making – ( September 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - JASTA And The IPO Of Saudi Aramco – ( September 2017 ) Alphabeta Argaam - Pricey Criteria Towards Reasoning – ( August 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Islamic Finance and ISIS – ( July 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Wobbling Bridge – ( July 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Technical Analysis On Thursdays Plate – ( June 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Sustainability Of Mash And An Actuarial Cinnamon – ( June 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Sovereign Funds , And Youth – ( May 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Your Highness , Dont Use Others Excuse ! – ( May 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Injustice Towards The Minister – ( May 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Citizens And Expatriates Are Equal Towards A Countrys Wealth – ( April 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Economic Philosophy And Monetary Systems – ( April 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - Santiago And The Investments Of Our Sovereign Funds – ( March 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper - The Sustainability Of A Competitive Business Environment And Foreign Residents – ( March 2017 ) Aljarida Newspaper - The Valuation Of Saudi Aramco – ( March 2017 ) Alqabas and Elaph Newspapers - Our Vision And Theirs – ( February 2017 ) Alqabas Newspaper Dhammin . Al-Salloum has founded Dhammin ( Arabic : ضمّن ) ; a smart political platform that manages candidates electoral campaigns for the National Assembly , Municipal Council or Cooperative Society councils . It has been stated in news reports and interviews that the platform is the first within the field to apply distributed-systems methodologies . Accounting techniques . Al-Salloum has developed – then dedicated to public domain – new accounting techniques using an open-source code and gave it a – CC0 – license to be developed and republished as part of social responsibility . The techniques help businesspeople to easily create qualified and advanced feasibility studies ( managerial , technical , financial and market feasibility , as well as pricing mechanism ) by inserting basic information . These techniques also assist Households rationalize their Expenses , to either raise savings or lower liabilities , with a minimum lifestyle change . The techniques have expanded to determine the valuation of running businesses for the purpose of acquisition or sale ; creating more efficient negotiation outcomes . Al-Salloum has given free workshops on how such techniques can be utilized to get more realistic and reasonable results . In November 2019 , Al-Salloum , as the author of these accounting techniques , received the Award of Youth Volunteer and Humanitarian Initiatives Forum , along with 14 others out of 620 initiatives participating from 16 different Arab countries . Awards . - Award of Youth Volunteer and Humanitarian Initiatives Forum |
[
"Blanche Yurka"
] | easy | Who was Ian Keith 's spouse from 1922 to 1926? | /wiki/Ian_Keith#P26#0 | Ian Keith Ian Keith ( born Keith Ross ; February 27 , 1899 – March 26 , 1960 ) was an American actor . Early years . Born in Boston , Massachusetts , Keith grew up in Chicago . He was educated at the Francis Parker School there and played Hamlet in a school production at age 16 . Career . Keith was a veteran character actor of the legitimate theater , and appeared in a variety of colorful roles in silent features of the 1920s . In 1919 , as Keith Ross , he acted with the Copley Repertory Theatre in Boston . On Broadway , as Ian Keith , he performed in The Andersonville Trial ( 1959 ) , Edwin Booth ( 1958 ) , Saint Joan ( 1956 ) , Touchstone ( 1953 ) , The Leading Lady ( 1948 ) , A Womans a Fool - to Be Clever ( 1938 ) , Robin Landing ( 1937 ) , King Richard II ( 1937 ) , Best Sellers ( 1933 ) , Hangmans Whip ( 1933 ) , Firebird ( 1932 ) , Queen Bee ( 1929 ) , The Command Performance ( 1928 ) , The Master of the Inn ( 1925 ) , Laugh , Clown , Laugh ! ( 1923 ) , As You Like It ( 1923 ) , The Czarina ( 1922 ) , and The Silver Fox ( 1921 ) . He played John Wilkes Booth in D . W . Griffiths first sound film , Abraham Lincoln . Keith had a major role as a gambler in director Raoul Walshs 1930 widescreen western The Big Trail starring John Wayne . In 1932 , Cecil B . DeMille cast him in The Sign of the Cross . This established him as a dependable supporting player , and he went on to play dozens of roles—including Octavian ( Augustus ) in Cleopatra—in major and minor screen fare for the next three decades . He became one of DeMilles favorites , appearing in many of the producers epic films . He portrayed Count de Rochefort in both the 1935 version and the 1948 remake of The Three Musketeers . In the 1940s he became even busier , working primarily in B features and westerns and alternating between playing good guys ( a chief of detectives in The Payoff , a friendly hypnotist in Mr . Hex , a blowhard politician in She Gets Her Man ) and bad guys ( a murder suspect in The Chinese Cat , a crooked lawyer in Bowery Champs , a swindler in Singing on the Trail ) . He appeared in a supporting role to Tyrone Power in Nightmare Alley ( 1947 ) as a former vaudevillian turned carny who has succumbed to alcoholism . He also had a definite flair for comedy , and his florid portrayal of the comic-strip ham actor Vitamin Flintheart in Dick Tracy vs . Cueball was so amusing that he repeated the role in two more films . He played tough-guy military roles , such as Admiral Burns in Robert Gordons sci-fi epic , It Came From Beneath the Sea ( 1955 ) . He also appeared on many television episodes in the 1950s , including starring in the premiere episode of The Nash Airflyte Theater in 1950 . In 1955 , he was seen on screen in his only Shakespeare role , when he made a cameo appearance as the Ghost opposite Richard Burtons Hamlet in a sequence from the Edwin Booth biopic Prince of Players . Cecil B . DeMille brought him back to the big screen for The Ten Commandments ( 1956 ) ; Keith played Ramses I . Keith played Emmett Dayton in the radio soap opera Girl Alone . Keith died in Medical Arts Hospital in New York on March 26 , 1960 , and was cremated in Hartsdale , New York . Marriages . - Blanche Yurka ( 1922 - 1926 ) - Ethel Clayton ( 1928 - 1931 ) - Fern Andra ( m . in 1932 and again in 1934 , when the legality of the first ceremony was questioned ; divorced ; in 1938 Andra married again ) - Hildegarde Pabst ( ? - 1960 ) Partial filmography . - Manhandled ( 1924 ) as Robert Brandt ( film debut ) - Her Love Story ( 1924 ) as Captain Kavor - Christine of the Hungry Heart ( 1924 ) as Ivan Vianney - Loves Wilderness ( 1924 ) as Paul LEstrange - Enticement ( 1925 ) as Richard Valyran - My Son ( 1925 ) as Felipe Vargas - The Talker ( 1925 ) as Ned Hollister - The Tower of Lies ( 1925 ) as Lars - The Greater Glory ( 1926 ) as Pauli Birbach - The Lily ( 1926 ) as George Arnaud - Prince of Tempters ( 1926 ) as Mario Ambrosio , later Baron Humberto Giordano - The Truthful Sex ( 1926 ) as Tom Barnes - The Love of Sunya ( 1927 ) as Louis Anthony - What Every Girl Should Know ( 1927 ) as Arthur Graham - Convoy ( 1927 ) as Smith - Two Arabian Knights ( 1927 ) as Shevket - A Mans Past ( 1927 ) as Dr . Fontaine - The Street of Illusion ( 1928 ) as Edwin Booth Benton - The Lookout Girl ( 1928 ) as Dean Richardson - The Divine Lady ( 1929 ) as Honorable Charles Greville - Prisoners ( 1929 ) as Nicholas Cathy - Light Fingers ( 1929 ) as Light Fingers - The Great Divide ( 1929 ) as Steven Ghent - Prince of Diamonds ( 1930 ) as Rupert Endon - Abraham Lincoln ( 1930 ) as John Wilkes Booth - The Big Trail ( 1930 ) as Bill Thorpe - The Boudoir Diplomat ( 1930 ) as Baron Belmar - A Tailor Made Man ( 1931 ) as Dr . Von Sonntag - The Sin Ship ( 1931 ) as Smiley Marsden - The Phantom of Paris ( 1931 ) as Marquis Du Touchais - Susan Lenox ( 1931 ) as Robert Lane - The Deceiver ( 1931 ) as Reginald Thorpe - The Sign of the Cross ( 1932 ) as Tigellinus - Queen Christina ( 1933 ) as Magnus - Dangerous Corner ( 1934 ) as Martin Chatfield - Cleopatra ( 1934 ) as Octavian - The Crusades ( 1935 ) as Saladin - Sultan of Islam - The Three Musketeers ( 1935 ) as de Rochefort - Dont Gamble with Love ( 1936 ) as John Crane - The Preview Murder Mystery ( 1936 ) as E . Gordon Smith - Mary of Scotland ( 1936 ) as James Stuart - Earl of Moray - White Legion ( 1936 ) as Dr . Julian Murray - The Buccaneer ( 1938 ) as Senator Crawford - Comet Over Broadway ( 1938 ) as Wilton Banks - The Sea Hawk ( 1940 ) as Peralta - All This , and Heaven Too ( 1940 ) as DeLangle - Remember Pearl Harbor ( 1942 ) as Capt . Hudson - Fall In ( 1942 ) as Army Doctor ( uncredited ) - The Payoff ( 1942 ) as Inspector Thomas - The Sundown Kid ( 1942 ) as J . Richard Spencer - Corregidor ( 1943 ) as Capt . Morris - Wild Horse Stampede ( 1943 ) as Carson - I Escaped from the Gestapo ( 1943 ) as Gerard - Five Graves to Cairo ( 1943 ) as Capt . St . Bride ( uncredited ) - That Nazty Nuisance ( 1943 ) as Chief Paj Mab - The Man from Thunder River ( 1943 ) as Henry Stevens - Bordertown Gun Fighters ( 1943 ) as Cameo Shelby - Adventures of the Flying Cadets ( 1943 , Serial ) as Col . Lee [ Chs . 9-13 ] - Here Comes Kelly ( 1943 ) as L . Herbert Oakley - Attorney - Casanova in Burlesque ( 1944 ) as J . Boggs-Robinson - Arizona Whirlwind ( 1944 ) as Polini - The Chinese Cat ( 1944 ) as Dr . Paul Recknik - Cowboy from Lonesome River ( 1944 ) as Matt Conway - Bowery Champs ( 1944 ) as Ken Duncan - Under Western Skies ( 1945 ) as Prof . Moffat - Fog Island ( 1945 ) as Dr . Lake - Identity Unknown ( 1945 ) as Major Williams - Phantom of the Plains ( 1945 ) as Talbot Wilberforce Champneys aka Fancy Charlie - Song of Old Wyoming ( 1945 ) as Lee Landow - The Spanish Main ( 1945 ) as Captain Lussan - Northwest Trail ( 1945 ) as Inspector McGrath - Valley of the Zombies ( 1946 ) as Ormand Murks - Singing on the Trail ( 1946 ) as Jerry Easton - The Strange Woman ( 1946 ) as Lincoln Pittridge ( uncredited ) - Mr . Hex ( 1946 ) as Mr . Raymond , the Hypnotist - Dick Tracy vs . Cueball ( 1946 ) as Vitamin Flintheart - Border Feud ( 1947 ) as Doc Peters - Dick Tracys Dilemma ( 1947 ) as Vitamin Flintheart - Nightmare Alley ( 1947 ) as Pete Krumbein - Forever Amber ( 1947 ) as Tybalt ( uncredited ) - The Three Musketeers ( 1948 ) as Rochefort - The Black Shield of Falworth ( 1954 ) as King Henry IV - Prince of Players ( 1955 ) as Ghost of Hamlets Father in Hamlet - New York Confidential ( 1955 ) as Waluska - It Came from Beneath the Sea ( 1955 ) as Adm . Burns - The Adventures of Rin Tin Tin ( 1955 , TV ) as Roland Tarleton - Duel on the Mississippi ( 1955 ) as Jacques Scarlet - The Ten Commandments ( 1956 ) as Rameses I ( final film ) External links . - Ian Keith photo gallery at New York City Public Library |
[
"Ethel Clayton"
] | easy | Who was the spouse of Ian Keith from 1928 to 1931? | /wiki/Ian_Keith#P26#1 | Ian Keith Ian Keith ( born Keith Ross ; February 27 , 1899 – March 26 , 1960 ) was an American actor . Early years . Born in Boston , Massachusetts , Keith grew up in Chicago . He was educated at the Francis Parker School there and played Hamlet in a school production at age 16 . Career . Keith was a veteran character actor of the legitimate theater , and appeared in a variety of colorful roles in silent features of the 1920s . In 1919 , as Keith Ross , he acted with the Copley Repertory Theatre in Boston . On Broadway , as Ian Keith , he performed in The Andersonville Trial ( 1959 ) , Edwin Booth ( 1958 ) , Saint Joan ( 1956 ) , Touchstone ( 1953 ) , The Leading Lady ( 1948 ) , A Womans a Fool - to Be Clever ( 1938 ) , Robin Landing ( 1937 ) , King Richard II ( 1937 ) , Best Sellers ( 1933 ) , Hangmans Whip ( 1933 ) , Firebird ( 1932 ) , Queen Bee ( 1929 ) , The Command Performance ( 1928 ) , The Master of the Inn ( 1925 ) , Laugh , Clown , Laugh ! ( 1923 ) , As You Like It ( 1923 ) , The Czarina ( 1922 ) , and The Silver Fox ( 1921 ) . He played John Wilkes Booth in D . W . Griffiths first sound film , Abraham Lincoln . Keith had a major role as a gambler in director Raoul Walshs 1930 widescreen western The Big Trail starring John Wayne . In 1932 , Cecil B . DeMille cast him in The Sign of the Cross . This established him as a dependable supporting player , and he went on to play dozens of roles—including Octavian ( Augustus ) in Cleopatra—in major and minor screen fare for the next three decades . He became one of DeMilles favorites , appearing in many of the producers epic films . He portrayed Count de Rochefort in both the 1935 version and the 1948 remake of The Three Musketeers . In the 1940s he became even busier , working primarily in B features and westerns and alternating between playing good guys ( a chief of detectives in The Payoff , a friendly hypnotist in Mr . Hex , a blowhard politician in She Gets Her Man ) and bad guys ( a murder suspect in The Chinese Cat , a crooked lawyer in Bowery Champs , a swindler in Singing on the Trail ) . He appeared in a supporting role to Tyrone Power in Nightmare Alley ( 1947 ) as a former vaudevillian turned carny who has succumbed to alcoholism . He also had a definite flair for comedy , and his florid portrayal of the comic-strip ham actor Vitamin Flintheart in Dick Tracy vs . Cueball was so amusing that he repeated the role in two more films . He played tough-guy military roles , such as Admiral Burns in Robert Gordons sci-fi epic , It Came From Beneath the Sea ( 1955 ) . He also appeared on many television episodes in the 1950s , including starring in the premiere episode of The Nash Airflyte Theater in 1950 . In 1955 , he was seen on screen in his only Shakespeare role , when he made a cameo appearance as the Ghost opposite Richard Burtons Hamlet in a sequence from the Edwin Booth biopic Prince of Players . Cecil B . DeMille brought him back to the big screen for The Ten Commandments ( 1956 ) ; Keith played Ramses I . Keith played Emmett Dayton in the radio soap opera Girl Alone . Keith died in Medical Arts Hospital in New York on March 26 , 1960 , and was cremated in Hartsdale , New York . Marriages . - Blanche Yurka ( 1922 - 1926 ) - Ethel Clayton ( 1928 - 1931 ) - Fern Andra ( m . in 1932 and again in 1934 , when the legality of the first ceremony was questioned ; divorced ; in 1938 Andra married again ) - Hildegarde Pabst ( ? - 1960 ) Partial filmography . - Manhandled ( 1924 ) as Robert Brandt ( film debut ) - Her Love Story ( 1924 ) as Captain Kavor - Christine of the Hungry Heart ( 1924 ) as Ivan Vianney - Loves Wilderness ( 1924 ) as Paul LEstrange - Enticement ( 1925 ) as Richard Valyran - My Son ( 1925 ) as Felipe Vargas - The Talker ( 1925 ) as Ned Hollister - The Tower of Lies ( 1925 ) as Lars - The Greater Glory ( 1926 ) as Pauli Birbach - The Lily ( 1926 ) as George Arnaud - Prince of Tempters ( 1926 ) as Mario Ambrosio , later Baron Humberto Giordano - The Truthful Sex ( 1926 ) as Tom Barnes - The Love of Sunya ( 1927 ) as Louis Anthony - What Every Girl Should Know ( 1927 ) as Arthur Graham - Convoy ( 1927 ) as Smith - Two Arabian Knights ( 1927 ) as Shevket - A Mans Past ( 1927 ) as Dr . Fontaine - The Street of Illusion ( 1928 ) as Edwin Booth Benton - The Lookout Girl ( 1928 ) as Dean Richardson - The Divine Lady ( 1929 ) as Honorable Charles Greville - Prisoners ( 1929 ) as Nicholas Cathy - Light Fingers ( 1929 ) as Light Fingers - The Great Divide ( 1929 ) as Steven Ghent - Prince of Diamonds ( 1930 ) as Rupert Endon - Abraham Lincoln ( 1930 ) as John Wilkes Booth - The Big Trail ( 1930 ) as Bill Thorpe - The Boudoir Diplomat ( 1930 ) as Baron Belmar - A Tailor Made Man ( 1931 ) as Dr . Von Sonntag - The Sin Ship ( 1931 ) as Smiley Marsden - The Phantom of Paris ( 1931 ) as Marquis Du Touchais - Susan Lenox ( 1931 ) as Robert Lane - The Deceiver ( 1931 ) as Reginald Thorpe - The Sign of the Cross ( 1932 ) as Tigellinus - Queen Christina ( 1933 ) as Magnus - Dangerous Corner ( 1934 ) as Martin Chatfield - Cleopatra ( 1934 ) as Octavian - The Crusades ( 1935 ) as Saladin - Sultan of Islam - The Three Musketeers ( 1935 ) as de Rochefort - Dont Gamble with Love ( 1936 ) as John Crane - The Preview Murder Mystery ( 1936 ) as E . Gordon Smith - Mary of Scotland ( 1936 ) as James Stuart - Earl of Moray - White Legion ( 1936 ) as Dr . Julian Murray - The Buccaneer ( 1938 ) as Senator Crawford - Comet Over Broadway ( 1938 ) as Wilton Banks - The Sea Hawk ( 1940 ) as Peralta - All This , and Heaven Too ( 1940 ) as DeLangle - Remember Pearl Harbor ( 1942 ) as Capt . Hudson - Fall In ( 1942 ) as Army Doctor ( uncredited ) - The Payoff ( 1942 ) as Inspector Thomas - The Sundown Kid ( 1942 ) as J . Richard Spencer - Corregidor ( 1943 ) as Capt . Morris - Wild Horse Stampede ( 1943 ) as Carson - I Escaped from the Gestapo ( 1943 ) as Gerard - Five Graves to Cairo ( 1943 ) as Capt . St . Bride ( uncredited ) - That Nazty Nuisance ( 1943 ) as Chief Paj Mab - The Man from Thunder River ( 1943 ) as Henry Stevens - Bordertown Gun Fighters ( 1943 ) as Cameo Shelby - Adventures of the Flying Cadets ( 1943 , Serial ) as Col . Lee [ Chs . 9-13 ] - Here Comes Kelly ( 1943 ) as L . Herbert Oakley - Attorney - Casanova in Burlesque ( 1944 ) as J . Boggs-Robinson - Arizona Whirlwind ( 1944 ) as Polini - The Chinese Cat ( 1944 ) as Dr . Paul Recknik - Cowboy from Lonesome River ( 1944 ) as Matt Conway - Bowery Champs ( 1944 ) as Ken Duncan - Under Western Skies ( 1945 ) as Prof . Moffat - Fog Island ( 1945 ) as Dr . Lake - Identity Unknown ( 1945 ) as Major Williams - Phantom of the Plains ( 1945 ) as Talbot Wilberforce Champneys aka Fancy Charlie - Song of Old Wyoming ( 1945 ) as Lee Landow - The Spanish Main ( 1945 ) as Captain Lussan - Northwest Trail ( 1945 ) as Inspector McGrath - Valley of the Zombies ( 1946 ) as Ormand Murks - Singing on the Trail ( 1946 ) as Jerry Easton - The Strange Woman ( 1946 ) as Lincoln Pittridge ( uncredited ) - Mr . Hex ( 1946 ) as Mr . Raymond , the Hypnotist - Dick Tracy vs . Cueball ( 1946 ) as Vitamin Flintheart - Border Feud ( 1947 ) as Doc Peters - Dick Tracys Dilemma ( 1947 ) as Vitamin Flintheart - Nightmare Alley ( 1947 ) as Pete Krumbein - Forever Amber ( 1947 ) as Tybalt ( uncredited ) - The Three Musketeers ( 1948 ) as Rochefort - The Black Shield of Falworth ( 1954 ) as King Henry IV - Prince of Players ( 1955 ) as Ghost of Hamlets Father in Hamlet - New York Confidential ( 1955 ) as Waluska - It Came from Beneath the Sea ( 1955 ) as Adm . Burns - The Adventures of Rin Tin Tin ( 1955 , TV ) as Roland Tarleton - Duel on the Mississippi ( 1955 ) as Jacques Scarlet - The Ten Commandments ( 1956 ) as Rameses I ( final film ) External links . - Ian Keith photo gallery at New York City Public Library |
[
"Fern Andra"
] | easy | Who was the spouse of Ian Keith from 1932 to 1934? | /wiki/Ian_Keith#P26#2 | Ian Keith Ian Keith ( born Keith Ross ; February 27 , 1899 – March 26 , 1960 ) was an American actor . Early years . Born in Boston , Massachusetts , Keith grew up in Chicago . He was educated at the Francis Parker School there and played Hamlet in a school production at age 16 . Career . Keith was a veteran character actor of the legitimate theater , and appeared in a variety of colorful roles in silent features of the 1920s . In 1919 , as Keith Ross , he acted with the Copley Repertory Theatre in Boston . On Broadway , as Ian Keith , he performed in The Andersonville Trial ( 1959 ) , Edwin Booth ( 1958 ) , Saint Joan ( 1956 ) , Touchstone ( 1953 ) , The Leading Lady ( 1948 ) , A Womans a Fool - to Be Clever ( 1938 ) , Robin Landing ( 1937 ) , King Richard II ( 1937 ) , Best Sellers ( 1933 ) , Hangmans Whip ( 1933 ) , Firebird ( 1932 ) , Queen Bee ( 1929 ) , The Command Performance ( 1928 ) , The Master of the Inn ( 1925 ) , Laugh , Clown , Laugh ! ( 1923 ) , As You Like It ( 1923 ) , The Czarina ( 1922 ) , and The Silver Fox ( 1921 ) . He played John Wilkes Booth in D . W . Griffiths first sound film , Abraham Lincoln . Keith had a major role as a gambler in director Raoul Walshs 1930 widescreen western The Big Trail starring John Wayne . In 1932 , Cecil B . DeMille cast him in The Sign of the Cross . This established him as a dependable supporting player , and he went on to play dozens of roles—including Octavian ( Augustus ) in Cleopatra—in major and minor screen fare for the next three decades . He became one of DeMilles favorites , appearing in many of the producers epic films . He portrayed Count de Rochefort in both the 1935 version and the 1948 remake of The Three Musketeers . In the 1940s he became even busier , working primarily in B features and westerns and alternating between playing good guys ( a chief of detectives in The Payoff , a friendly hypnotist in Mr . Hex , a blowhard politician in She Gets Her Man ) and bad guys ( a murder suspect in The Chinese Cat , a crooked lawyer in Bowery Champs , a swindler in Singing on the Trail ) . He appeared in a supporting role to Tyrone Power in Nightmare Alley ( 1947 ) as a former vaudevillian turned carny who has succumbed to alcoholism . He also had a definite flair for comedy , and his florid portrayal of the comic-strip ham actor Vitamin Flintheart in Dick Tracy vs . Cueball was so amusing that he repeated the role in two more films . He played tough-guy military roles , such as Admiral Burns in Robert Gordons sci-fi epic , It Came From Beneath the Sea ( 1955 ) . He also appeared on many television episodes in the 1950s , including starring in the premiere episode of The Nash Airflyte Theater in 1950 . In 1955 , he was seen on screen in his only Shakespeare role , when he made a cameo appearance as the Ghost opposite Richard Burtons Hamlet in a sequence from the Edwin Booth biopic Prince of Players . Cecil B . DeMille brought him back to the big screen for The Ten Commandments ( 1956 ) ; Keith played Ramses I . Keith played Emmett Dayton in the radio soap opera Girl Alone . Keith died in Medical Arts Hospital in New York on March 26 , 1960 , and was cremated in Hartsdale , New York . Marriages . - Blanche Yurka ( 1922 - 1926 ) - Ethel Clayton ( 1928 - 1931 ) - Fern Andra ( m . in 1932 and again in 1934 , when the legality of the first ceremony was questioned ; divorced ; in 1938 Andra married again ) - Hildegarde Pabst ( ? - 1960 ) Partial filmography . - Manhandled ( 1924 ) as Robert Brandt ( film debut ) - Her Love Story ( 1924 ) as Captain Kavor - Christine of the Hungry Heart ( 1924 ) as Ivan Vianney - Loves Wilderness ( 1924 ) as Paul LEstrange - Enticement ( 1925 ) as Richard Valyran - My Son ( 1925 ) as Felipe Vargas - The Talker ( 1925 ) as Ned Hollister - The Tower of Lies ( 1925 ) as Lars - The Greater Glory ( 1926 ) as Pauli Birbach - The Lily ( 1926 ) as George Arnaud - Prince of Tempters ( 1926 ) as Mario Ambrosio , later Baron Humberto Giordano - The Truthful Sex ( 1926 ) as Tom Barnes - The Love of Sunya ( 1927 ) as Louis Anthony - What Every Girl Should Know ( 1927 ) as Arthur Graham - Convoy ( 1927 ) as Smith - Two Arabian Knights ( 1927 ) as Shevket - A Mans Past ( 1927 ) as Dr . Fontaine - The Street of Illusion ( 1928 ) as Edwin Booth Benton - The Lookout Girl ( 1928 ) as Dean Richardson - The Divine Lady ( 1929 ) as Honorable Charles Greville - Prisoners ( 1929 ) as Nicholas Cathy - Light Fingers ( 1929 ) as Light Fingers - The Great Divide ( 1929 ) as Steven Ghent - Prince of Diamonds ( 1930 ) as Rupert Endon - Abraham Lincoln ( 1930 ) as John Wilkes Booth - The Big Trail ( 1930 ) as Bill Thorpe - The Boudoir Diplomat ( 1930 ) as Baron Belmar - A Tailor Made Man ( 1931 ) as Dr . Von Sonntag - The Sin Ship ( 1931 ) as Smiley Marsden - The Phantom of Paris ( 1931 ) as Marquis Du Touchais - Susan Lenox ( 1931 ) as Robert Lane - The Deceiver ( 1931 ) as Reginald Thorpe - The Sign of the Cross ( 1932 ) as Tigellinus - Queen Christina ( 1933 ) as Magnus - Dangerous Corner ( 1934 ) as Martin Chatfield - Cleopatra ( 1934 ) as Octavian - The Crusades ( 1935 ) as Saladin - Sultan of Islam - The Three Musketeers ( 1935 ) as de Rochefort - Dont Gamble with Love ( 1936 ) as John Crane - The Preview Murder Mystery ( 1936 ) as E . Gordon Smith - Mary of Scotland ( 1936 ) as James Stuart - Earl of Moray - White Legion ( 1936 ) as Dr . Julian Murray - The Buccaneer ( 1938 ) as Senator Crawford - Comet Over Broadway ( 1938 ) as Wilton Banks - The Sea Hawk ( 1940 ) as Peralta - All This , and Heaven Too ( 1940 ) as DeLangle - Remember Pearl Harbor ( 1942 ) as Capt . Hudson - Fall In ( 1942 ) as Army Doctor ( uncredited ) - The Payoff ( 1942 ) as Inspector Thomas - The Sundown Kid ( 1942 ) as J . Richard Spencer - Corregidor ( 1943 ) as Capt . Morris - Wild Horse Stampede ( 1943 ) as Carson - I Escaped from the Gestapo ( 1943 ) as Gerard - Five Graves to Cairo ( 1943 ) as Capt . St . Bride ( uncredited ) - That Nazty Nuisance ( 1943 ) as Chief Paj Mab - The Man from Thunder River ( 1943 ) as Henry Stevens - Bordertown Gun Fighters ( 1943 ) as Cameo Shelby - Adventures of the Flying Cadets ( 1943 , Serial ) as Col . Lee [ Chs . 9-13 ] - Here Comes Kelly ( 1943 ) as L . Herbert Oakley - Attorney - Casanova in Burlesque ( 1944 ) as J . Boggs-Robinson - Arizona Whirlwind ( 1944 ) as Polini - The Chinese Cat ( 1944 ) as Dr . Paul Recknik - Cowboy from Lonesome River ( 1944 ) as Matt Conway - Bowery Champs ( 1944 ) as Ken Duncan - Under Western Skies ( 1945 ) as Prof . Moffat - Fog Island ( 1945 ) as Dr . Lake - Identity Unknown ( 1945 ) as Major Williams - Phantom of the Plains ( 1945 ) as Talbot Wilberforce Champneys aka Fancy Charlie - Song of Old Wyoming ( 1945 ) as Lee Landow - The Spanish Main ( 1945 ) as Captain Lussan - Northwest Trail ( 1945 ) as Inspector McGrath - Valley of the Zombies ( 1946 ) as Ormand Murks - Singing on the Trail ( 1946 ) as Jerry Easton - The Strange Woman ( 1946 ) as Lincoln Pittridge ( uncredited ) - Mr . Hex ( 1946 ) as Mr . Raymond , the Hypnotist - Dick Tracy vs . Cueball ( 1946 ) as Vitamin Flintheart - Border Feud ( 1947 ) as Doc Peters - Dick Tracys Dilemma ( 1947 ) as Vitamin Flintheart - Nightmare Alley ( 1947 ) as Pete Krumbein - Forever Amber ( 1947 ) as Tybalt ( uncredited ) - The Three Musketeers ( 1948 ) as Rochefort - The Black Shield of Falworth ( 1954 ) as King Henry IV - Prince of Players ( 1955 ) as Ghost of Hamlets Father in Hamlet - New York Confidential ( 1955 ) as Waluska - It Came from Beneath the Sea ( 1955 ) as Adm . Burns - The Adventures of Rin Tin Tin ( 1955 , TV ) as Roland Tarleton - Duel on the Mississippi ( 1955 ) as Jacques Scarlet - The Ten Commandments ( 1956 ) as Rameses I ( final film ) External links . - Ian Keith photo gallery at New York City Public Library |
[
"Scunthorpe United"
] | easy | Which team did Sam Johnstone play for from 2011 to 2012? | /wiki/Sam_Johnstone#P54#0 | Sam Johnstone Samuel Luke Johnstone ( born 25 March 1993 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as goalkeeper for Championship club West Bromwich Albion . A product of the Manchester United Academy , he has spent time on loan with Oldham Athletic , Scunthorpe United , Walsall , Yeovil Town , Doncaster Rovers , Preston North End and Aston Villa . He was an England youth international , winning caps at under-16 , under-17 , under-19 and under-20 levels . He is the son of Glenn Johnstone , a former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Preston North End in the early 1990s . Club career . Manchester United . Early career . Johnstone joined Manchester United at academy level ; in the 2010–11 season , he was number one keeper in the academy , where he shared the duties the previous season . On 26 July 2011 , Johnstone joined League One side Oldham Athletic on loan , as both of their first-choice goalkeepers were sidelined by injury . He made two appearances , both in pre-season friendlies ; a 0–0 home draw with Burnley and a 1–0 away victory against Fleetwood Town , before returning to his parent club . On 9 September 2011 , Johnstone joined League One side Scunthorpe United on a one-month loan after their first-choice keeper Josh Lillis suffered a long-term injury . The following day , he made his debut at the Glanford Park in a 1–1 draw against Sheffield United . On 19 October 2011 , Johnstone dislocated his finger during a training session , forcing Scunthorpe United to search for an emergency goalkeeper once again . On 10 November 2011 , Scunthorpe extended the loan until 9 December 2011 , which was then extended to 10 January 2012 . On 20 March 2013 , Manchester United agreed for Johnstone to spend the rest of the season on loan to Walsall . Johnstone kept consecutive clean sheets in his first few games and was first-choice goalkeeper during his loan-spell . On 17 August 2013 , Johnstone was loaned to Yeovil Town for a period of three months . He made his debut on the same day in a 2–0 loss to Burnley , but it was later confirmed that Johnstone had suffered a finger injury prior to his debut and returned to Manchester United for treatment . 2014–2017 . On 31 January 2014 , Johnstone was loaned to Doncaster Rovers for four weeks . With the first-choice keeper Ross Turnbull injured , Johnstone made his debut the following day at the Keepmoat against Middlesbrough . On 4 April 2014 , Johnstone agreed a loan extension until the end of the 2013–14 season . On 27 October 2014 , Johnstone again joined Doncaster Rovers on loan , initially until January 2015 . On 12 January 2015 , Johnstone joined his home-town club Preston North End on loan until the end of the 2014–15 season . On 25 May 2015 , Johnstone kept a clean sheet in the League One play-off Final as Preston won promotion to the Championship with a 4–0 win over Swindon Town at Wembley Stadium . On Manchester Uniteds pre-season tour of the United States in July 2015 , Johnstone played as second-choice keeper ahead of Anders Lindegaard , covering for David de Gea while the Spaniard recovered from a knock . He started in the victories over Club América and San Jose Earthquakes ( playing the entire game ) and came on as a second-half substitute against Barcelona in a 3–1 victory . After rumours of De Geas transfer saga to Real Madrid caused the Spaniard to be dropped from the Manchester United squad , Johnstone was named on the bench behind Sergio Romero for the first game of the season against Tottenham Hotspur . After De Gea returned to the United first-team , following the collapse of his move , Johnstone failed to make the bench again in 2015 . On 31 December 2015 , he re-signed for Preston on an initial 28-day loan , after Sunderland recalled Jordan Pickford on the same day . He made his first appearance of his second stint at Preston in the 2–1 win over Rotherham United at Deepdale . On 16 October 2016 , Johnstone extended his contract at Manchester United until June 2018 . Loan to Aston Villa . On 5 January 2017 , Johnstone joined Championship club Aston Villa on loan until the end of the 2016–17 season . He made his debut on 8 January 2017 , in an FA Cup match against Tottenham Hotspur at White Hart Lane . During the period of this loan spell , he kept more clean sheets in the Championship than any other goalkeeper . In July 2017 , he returned to Aston Villa on a loan deal until the end of the 2017–18 season . West Bromwich Albion . On 3 July 2018 , Johnstone signed a four-year contract with newly-relegated Championship side West Bromwich Albion , for a transfer fee reported to be in the region of £6.5 million . Upon joining the Baggies , he inherited the number 1 shirt , taking over from previous first-choice goalkeeper Ben Foster , who left to join Watford , after West Broms relegation from the Premier League . Johnstone was part of the West Bromwich Albion team that lost to Aston Villa in the EFL Championship play-off semi finals on penalties in May 2019 . However , the following season , Sam Johnstone helped the club gain automatic promotion to the Premier League for the 2020–21 season . International career . Johnstone was a part of the victorious England under-17 squad at the 2010 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship . He made his debut for the England under-19 team against Slovakia in September 2010 . On 28 May 2013 , he was named in manager Peter Taylors 21-man squad for the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup . He made his debut on 16 June 2013 , in a 3–0 win in a warm-up game against Uruguay . On 18 March 2021 , Johnstone was named in manager Gareth Southgate’s 26-man squad for England’s 2022 World Cup Qualifiers against San Marino , Albania and Poland and in May 2021 he was named in the provisional squad for Euro 2020 Personal life . Johnstones father is Glenn Johnstone , a former professional footballer who played in The Football League for Preston North End in the early 1990s , in between spells with Lancaster City and Morecambe . His younger brother , Max , joined Manchester United as a youth team player in September 2016 . After a year with the Sunderland U23s , Max joined Scottish club St Johnstone in July 2019 . Honours . Preston North End - Football League One play-offs : 2015 England Under-17 - UEFA European Under-17 Championship : 2010 External links . - Profile at TheFA.com |
[
"Doncaster Rovers"
] | easy | Which team did the player Sam Johnstone belong to from 2014 to 2015? | /wiki/Sam_Johnstone#P54#1 | Sam Johnstone Samuel Luke Johnstone ( born 25 March 1993 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as goalkeeper for Championship club West Bromwich Albion . A product of the Manchester United Academy , he has spent time on loan with Oldham Athletic , Scunthorpe United , Walsall , Yeovil Town , Doncaster Rovers , Preston North End and Aston Villa . He was an England youth international , winning caps at under-16 , under-17 , under-19 and under-20 levels . He is the son of Glenn Johnstone , a former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Preston North End in the early 1990s . Club career . Manchester United . Early career . Johnstone joined Manchester United at academy level ; in the 2010–11 season , he was number one keeper in the academy , where he shared the duties the previous season . On 26 July 2011 , Johnstone joined League One side Oldham Athletic on loan , as both of their first-choice goalkeepers were sidelined by injury . He made two appearances , both in pre-season friendlies ; a 0–0 home draw with Burnley and a 1–0 away victory against Fleetwood Town , before returning to his parent club . On 9 September 2011 , Johnstone joined League One side Scunthorpe United on a one-month loan after their first-choice keeper Josh Lillis suffered a long-term injury . The following day , he made his debut at the Glanford Park in a 1–1 draw against Sheffield United . On 19 October 2011 , Johnstone dislocated his finger during a training session , forcing Scunthorpe United to search for an emergency goalkeeper once again . On 10 November 2011 , Scunthorpe extended the loan until 9 December 2011 , which was then extended to 10 January 2012 . On 20 March 2013 , Manchester United agreed for Johnstone to spend the rest of the season on loan to Walsall . Johnstone kept consecutive clean sheets in his first few games and was first-choice goalkeeper during his loan-spell . On 17 August 2013 , Johnstone was loaned to Yeovil Town for a period of three months . He made his debut on the same day in a 2–0 loss to Burnley , but it was later confirmed that Johnstone had suffered a finger injury prior to his debut and returned to Manchester United for treatment . 2014–2017 . On 31 January 2014 , Johnstone was loaned to Doncaster Rovers for four weeks . With the first-choice keeper Ross Turnbull injured , Johnstone made his debut the following day at the Keepmoat against Middlesbrough . On 4 April 2014 , Johnstone agreed a loan extension until the end of the 2013–14 season . On 27 October 2014 , Johnstone again joined Doncaster Rovers on loan , initially until January 2015 . On 12 January 2015 , Johnstone joined his home-town club Preston North End on loan until the end of the 2014–15 season . On 25 May 2015 , Johnstone kept a clean sheet in the League One play-off Final as Preston won promotion to the Championship with a 4–0 win over Swindon Town at Wembley Stadium . On Manchester Uniteds pre-season tour of the United States in July 2015 , Johnstone played as second-choice keeper ahead of Anders Lindegaard , covering for David de Gea while the Spaniard recovered from a knock . He started in the victories over Club América and San Jose Earthquakes ( playing the entire game ) and came on as a second-half substitute against Barcelona in a 3–1 victory . After rumours of De Geas transfer saga to Real Madrid caused the Spaniard to be dropped from the Manchester United squad , Johnstone was named on the bench behind Sergio Romero for the first game of the season against Tottenham Hotspur . After De Gea returned to the United first-team , following the collapse of his move , Johnstone failed to make the bench again in 2015 . On 31 December 2015 , he re-signed for Preston on an initial 28-day loan , after Sunderland recalled Jordan Pickford on the same day . He made his first appearance of his second stint at Preston in the 2–1 win over Rotherham United at Deepdale . On 16 October 2016 , Johnstone extended his contract at Manchester United until June 2018 . Loan to Aston Villa . On 5 January 2017 , Johnstone joined Championship club Aston Villa on loan until the end of the 2016–17 season . He made his debut on 8 January 2017 , in an FA Cup match against Tottenham Hotspur at White Hart Lane . During the period of this loan spell , he kept more clean sheets in the Championship than any other goalkeeper . In July 2017 , he returned to Aston Villa on a loan deal until the end of the 2017–18 season . West Bromwich Albion . On 3 July 2018 , Johnstone signed a four-year contract with newly-relegated Championship side West Bromwich Albion , for a transfer fee reported to be in the region of £6.5 million . Upon joining the Baggies , he inherited the number 1 shirt , taking over from previous first-choice goalkeeper Ben Foster , who left to join Watford , after West Broms relegation from the Premier League . Johnstone was part of the West Bromwich Albion team that lost to Aston Villa in the EFL Championship play-off semi finals on penalties in May 2019 . However , the following season , Sam Johnstone helped the club gain automatic promotion to the Premier League for the 2020–21 season . International career . Johnstone was a part of the victorious England under-17 squad at the 2010 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship . He made his debut for the England under-19 team against Slovakia in September 2010 . On 28 May 2013 , he was named in manager Peter Taylors 21-man squad for the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup . He made his debut on 16 June 2013 , in a 3–0 win in a warm-up game against Uruguay . On 18 March 2021 , Johnstone was named in manager Gareth Southgate’s 26-man squad for England’s 2022 World Cup Qualifiers against San Marino , Albania and Poland and in May 2021 he was named in the provisional squad for Euro 2020 Personal life . Johnstones father is Glenn Johnstone , a former professional footballer who played in The Football League for Preston North End in the early 1990s , in between spells with Lancaster City and Morecambe . His younger brother , Max , joined Manchester United as a youth team player in September 2016 . After a year with the Sunderland U23s , Max joined Scottish club St Johnstone in July 2019 . Honours . Preston North End - Football League One play-offs : 2015 England Under-17 - UEFA European Under-17 Championship : 2010 External links . - Profile at TheFA.com |
[
"Preston North End"
] | easy | Which team did Sam Johnstone play for from 2015 to 2016? | /wiki/Sam_Johnstone#P54#2 | Sam Johnstone Samuel Luke Johnstone ( born 25 March 1993 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as goalkeeper for Championship club West Bromwich Albion . A product of the Manchester United Academy , he has spent time on loan with Oldham Athletic , Scunthorpe United , Walsall , Yeovil Town , Doncaster Rovers , Preston North End and Aston Villa . He was an England youth international , winning caps at under-16 , under-17 , under-19 and under-20 levels . He is the son of Glenn Johnstone , a former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Preston North End in the early 1990s . Club career . Manchester United . Early career . Johnstone joined Manchester United at academy level ; in the 2010–11 season , he was number one keeper in the academy , where he shared the duties the previous season . On 26 July 2011 , Johnstone joined League One side Oldham Athletic on loan , as both of their first-choice goalkeepers were sidelined by injury . He made two appearances , both in pre-season friendlies ; a 0–0 home draw with Burnley and a 1–0 away victory against Fleetwood Town , before returning to his parent club . On 9 September 2011 , Johnstone joined League One side Scunthorpe United on a one-month loan after their first-choice keeper Josh Lillis suffered a long-term injury . The following day , he made his debut at the Glanford Park in a 1–1 draw against Sheffield United . On 19 October 2011 , Johnstone dislocated his finger during a training session , forcing Scunthorpe United to search for an emergency goalkeeper once again . On 10 November 2011 , Scunthorpe extended the loan until 9 December 2011 , which was then extended to 10 January 2012 . On 20 March 2013 , Manchester United agreed for Johnstone to spend the rest of the season on loan to Walsall . Johnstone kept consecutive clean sheets in his first few games and was first-choice goalkeeper during his loan-spell . On 17 August 2013 , Johnstone was loaned to Yeovil Town for a period of three months . He made his debut on the same day in a 2–0 loss to Burnley , but it was later confirmed that Johnstone had suffered a finger injury prior to his debut and returned to Manchester United for treatment . 2014–2017 . On 31 January 2014 , Johnstone was loaned to Doncaster Rovers for four weeks . With the first-choice keeper Ross Turnbull injured , Johnstone made his debut the following day at the Keepmoat against Middlesbrough . On 4 April 2014 , Johnstone agreed a loan extension until the end of the 2013–14 season . On 27 October 2014 , Johnstone again joined Doncaster Rovers on loan , initially until January 2015 . On 12 January 2015 , Johnstone joined his home-town club Preston North End on loan until the end of the 2014–15 season . On 25 May 2015 , Johnstone kept a clean sheet in the League One play-off Final as Preston won promotion to the Championship with a 4–0 win over Swindon Town at Wembley Stadium . On Manchester Uniteds pre-season tour of the United States in July 2015 , Johnstone played as second-choice keeper ahead of Anders Lindegaard , covering for David de Gea while the Spaniard recovered from a knock . He started in the victories over Club América and San Jose Earthquakes ( playing the entire game ) and came on as a second-half substitute against Barcelona in a 3–1 victory . After rumours of De Geas transfer saga to Real Madrid caused the Spaniard to be dropped from the Manchester United squad , Johnstone was named on the bench behind Sergio Romero for the first game of the season against Tottenham Hotspur . After De Gea returned to the United first-team , following the collapse of his move , Johnstone failed to make the bench again in 2015 . On 31 December 2015 , he re-signed for Preston on an initial 28-day loan , after Sunderland recalled Jordan Pickford on the same day . He made his first appearance of his second stint at Preston in the 2–1 win over Rotherham United at Deepdale . On 16 October 2016 , Johnstone extended his contract at Manchester United until June 2018 . Loan to Aston Villa . On 5 January 2017 , Johnstone joined Championship club Aston Villa on loan until the end of the 2016–17 season . He made his debut on 8 January 2017 , in an FA Cup match against Tottenham Hotspur at White Hart Lane . During the period of this loan spell , he kept more clean sheets in the Championship than any other goalkeeper . In July 2017 , he returned to Aston Villa on a loan deal until the end of the 2017–18 season . West Bromwich Albion . On 3 July 2018 , Johnstone signed a four-year contract with newly-relegated Championship side West Bromwich Albion , for a transfer fee reported to be in the region of £6.5 million . Upon joining the Baggies , he inherited the number 1 shirt , taking over from previous first-choice goalkeeper Ben Foster , who left to join Watford , after West Broms relegation from the Premier League . Johnstone was part of the West Bromwich Albion team that lost to Aston Villa in the EFL Championship play-off semi finals on penalties in May 2019 . However , the following season , Sam Johnstone helped the club gain automatic promotion to the Premier League for the 2020–21 season . International career . Johnstone was a part of the victorious England under-17 squad at the 2010 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship . He made his debut for the England under-19 team against Slovakia in September 2010 . On 28 May 2013 , he was named in manager Peter Taylors 21-man squad for the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup . He made his debut on 16 June 2013 , in a 3–0 win in a warm-up game against Uruguay . On 18 March 2021 , Johnstone was named in manager Gareth Southgate’s 26-man squad for England’s 2022 World Cup Qualifiers against San Marino , Albania and Poland and in May 2021 he was named in the provisional squad for Euro 2020 Personal life . Johnstones father is Glenn Johnstone , a former professional footballer who played in The Football League for Preston North End in the early 1990s , in between spells with Lancaster City and Morecambe . His younger brother , Max , joined Manchester United as a youth team player in September 2016 . After a year with the Sunderland U23s , Max joined Scottish club St Johnstone in July 2019 . Honours . Preston North End - Football League One play-offs : 2015 England Under-17 - UEFA European Under-17 Championship : 2010 External links . - Profile at TheFA.com |
[
"Darlington"
] | easy | Which team did David Knight (English footballer) play for from 2005 to 2006? | /wiki/David_Knight_(English_footballer)#P54#0 | David Knight ( English footballer ) David Sean Knight ( born 15 January 1987 ) is an English footballer who last played for Spennymoor Town as a goalkeeper . Club career . Born in Houghton-le-Spring , Tyne and Wear , Knight began his career with the Middlesbrough youth system at the age of 11 after he was spotted by a scout playing for his local team Hetton Juniors . He played in both legs of the 2004 FA Youth Cup , which Middlesbrough won 4–0 on aggregate . Knight signed a professional contract with Middlesbrough on 3 February 2005 and his first involvement with the first team came weeks later after being named on the substitutes bench for a 2–2 draw with Charlton Athletic in the FA Premier League on 27 February . Knight joined League Two team Darlington on an emergency one-month loan on 30 December 2005 to cover injuries to Sam Russell and Bertrand Bossu and he made his debut the following day in a 2–2 draw against Lincoln City . After he picked up a hip injury during a 3–2 defeat to Notts County he finished the loan with three appearances . He signed a new one-year contract with Middlesbrough in June 2006 . Knight signed for League One team Oldham Athletic on a one-month loan on 24 August . His debut lasted only 39 minutes after he was wrongly sent off for handling the ball outside the box , with the game finishing a 0–0 draw with Carlisle United . He made one more appearance for Oldham before suffering from swollen glands and a hip injury before finishing the loan with two appearances . He left Middlesbrough to join League One team Swansea City on a free transfer on 31 August 2007 . His first and only appearance of the 2007–08 season came in a 2–1 victory over Billericay Town in the FA Cup first round on 10 November 2007 . He was released by the club after his contract expired on 30 June 2008 and he signed for Conference Premier team Mansfield Town on 13 October following a trial . Having made no appearances he left Mansfield on 3 November and returned to Middlesbrough to play in the reserves on a month-to-month contract . Knight left the club for the second time in May 2009 after failing to earn a long-term contract . He agreed on 2 July to re-sign for Darlington on a one-year contract once the League Two club had left administration . His 2009–10 season started with a flurry of errors and his second debut for the club came in a 3–1 defeat at Aldershot Town on 8 August 2009 . Knight left Darlington on 8 December when manager Steve Staunton released him from his contract by mutual consent , having played nine games for the club . Knight moved to Conference Premier side Histon in February 2010 on a one-and-a-half-year contract following a two-week trial . He made his debut in a 1–0 defeat to Rushden & Diamonds on 3 March 2010 and he finished the 2009–10 season with 12 appearances for Histon . Despite being told he had a future with Histon , Knight joined York City on a two-week trial in July with a view to signing on a season-long loan . Illness resulted in him missing Yorks pre-season friendly with Hull City although he later played one half of Yorks 2–0 defeat to Barnsley , with manager Martin Foyle saying he did well . After playing in the 1–0 friendly victory over Morecambe Foyle said he was interested in signing Knight . He eventually signed for the club on 30 July . His debut came in a 2–1 victory over Forest Green Rovers on 22 January 2011 as Michael Ingham was serving a one-match suspension . This proved to be his only appearance for the club . With another year remaining on his Histon contract , he was unsure of his future at the club after returning , while player-manager David Livermore said he intended to transfer Knight from the club . He was handed a free transfer by the club and allowed to talk to other clubs . Following the cancellation of his contract at Histon by mutual consent , Knight signed for Conference North rivals Blyth Spartans , where he had made 18 appearances during an earlier three-month loan spell . He left the club at the beginning of the 2012–13 season , signing for Spennymoor Town in August 2012 before leaving in 2014 . International career . Knight was capped for England at under-16 , under-17 and under-18 level . He was part of the under-17 team that participated in the 2004 Algarve Tournament . He was called into the under-19 squad in May 2006 as a replacement for Ben Alnwick . Style of play . Knight plays as a goalkeeper . He said in 2010 that shot-stopping is a strength of mine . |
[
"Oldham Athletic"
] | easy | Which team did David Knight (English footballer) play for in 2006? | /wiki/David_Knight_(English_footballer)#P54#1 | David Knight ( English footballer ) David Sean Knight ( born 15 January 1987 ) is an English footballer who last played for Spennymoor Town as a goalkeeper . Club career . Born in Houghton-le-Spring , Tyne and Wear , Knight began his career with the Middlesbrough youth system at the age of 11 after he was spotted by a scout playing for his local team Hetton Juniors . He played in both legs of the 2004 FA Youth Cup , which Middlesbrough won 4–0 on aggregate . Knight signed a professional contract with Middlesbrough on 3 February 2005 and his first involvement with the first team came weeks later after being named on the substitutes bench for a 2–2 draw with Charlton Athletic in the FA Premier League on 27 February . Knight joined League Two team Darlington on an emergency one-month loan on 30 December 2005 to cover injuries to Sam Russell and Bertrand Bossu and he made his debut the following day in a 2–2 draw against Lincoln City . After he picked up a hip injury during a 3–2 defeat to Notts County he finished the loan with three appearances . He signed a new one-year contract with Middlesbrough in June 2006 . Knight signed for League One team Oldham Athletic on a one-month loan on 24 August . His debut lasted only 39 minutes after he was wrongly sent off for handling the ball outside the box , with the game finishing a 0–0 draw with Carlisle United . He made one more appearance for Oldham before suffering from swollen glands and a hip injury before finishing the loan with two appearances . He left Middlesbrough to join League One team Swansea City on a free transfer on 31 August 2007 . His first and only appearance of the 2007–08 season came in a 2–1 victory over Billericay Town in the FA Cup first round on 10 November 2007 . He was released by the club after his contract expired on 30 June 2008 and he signed for Conference Premier team Mansfield Town on 13 October following a trial . Having made no appearances he left Mansfield on 3 November and returned to Middlesbrough to play in the reserves on a month-to-month contract . Knight left the club for the second time in May 2009 after failing to earn a long-term contract . He agreed on 2 July to re-sign for Darlington on a one-year contract once the League Two club had left administration . His 2009–10 season started with a flurry of errors and his second debut for the club came in a 3–1 defeat at Aldershot Town on 8 August 2009 . Knight left Darlington on 8 December when manager Steve Staunton released him from his contract by mutual consent , having played nine games for the club . Knight moved to Conference Premier side Histon in February 2010 on a one-and-a-half-year contract following a two-week trial . He made his debut in a 1–0 defeat to Rushden & Diamonds on 3 March 2010 and he finished the 2009–10 season with 12 appearances for Histon . Despite being told he had a future with Histon , Knight joined York City on a two-week trial in July with a view to signing on a season-long loan . Illness resulted in him missing Yorks pre-season friendly with Hull City although he later played one half of Yorks 2–0 defeat to Barnsley , with manager Martin Foyle saying he did well . After playing in the 1–0 friendly victory over Morecambe Foyle said he was interested in signing Knight . He eventually signed for the club on 30 July . His debut came in a 2–1 victory over Forest Green Rovers on 22 January 2011 as Michael Ingham was serving a one-match suspension . This proved to be his only appearance for the club . With another year remaining on his Histon contract , he was unsure of his future at the club after returning , while player-manager David Livermore said he intended to transfer Knight from the club . He was handed a free transfer by the club and allowed to talk to other clubs . Following the cancellation of his contract at Histon by mutual consent , Knight signed for Conference North rivals Blyth Spartans , where he had made 18 appearances during an earlier three-month loan spell . He left the club at the beginning of the 2012–13 season , signing for Spennymoor Town in August 2012 before leaving in 2014 . International career . Knight was capped for England at under-16 , under-17 and under-18 level . He was part of the under-17 team that participated in the 2004 Algarve Tournament . He was called into the under-19 squad in May 2006 as a replacement for Ben Alnwick . Style of play . Knight plays as a goalkeeper . He said in 2010 that shot-stopping is a strength of mine . |
[
"Swansea City"
] | easy | Which team did the player David Knight (English footballer) belong to from 2007 to 2008? | /wiki/David_Knight_(English_footballer)#P54#2 | David Knight ( English footballer ) David Sean Knight ( born 15 January 1987 ) is an English footballer who last played for Spennymoor Town as a goalkeeper . Club career . Born in Houghton-le-Spring , Tyne and Wear , Knight began his career with the Middlesbrough youth system at the age of 11 after he was spotted by a scout playing for his local team Hetton Juniors . He played in both legs of the 2004 FA Youth Cup , which Middlesbrough won 4–0 on aggregate . Knight signed a professional contract with Middlesbrough on 3 February 2005 and his first involvement with the first team came weeks later after being named on the substitutes bench for a 2–2 draw with Charlton Athletic in the FA Premier League on 27 February . Knight joined League Two team Darlington on an emergency one-month loan on 30 December 2005 to cover injuries to Sam Russell and Bertrand Bossu and he made his debut the following day in a 2–2 draw against Lincoln City . After he picked up a hip injury during a 3–2 defeat to Notts County he finished the loan with three appearances . He signed a new one-year contract with Middlesbrough in June 2006 . Knight signed for League One team Oldham Athletic on a one-month loan on 24 August . His debut lasted only 39 minutes after he was wrongly sent off for handling the ball outside the box , with the game finishing a 0–0 draw with Carlisle United . He made one more appearance for Oldham before suffering from swollen glands and a hip injury before finishing the loan with two appearances . He left Middlesbrough to join League One team Swansea City on a free transfer on 31 August 2007 . His first and only appearance of the 2007–08 season came in a 2–1 victory over Billericay Town in the FA Cup first round on 10 November 2007 . He was released by the club after his contract expired on 30 June 2008 and he signed for Conference Premier team Mansfield Town on 13 October following a trial . Having made no appearances he left Mansfield on 3 November and returned to Middlesbrough to play in the reserves on a month-to-month contract . Knight left the club for the second time in May 2009 after failing to earn a long-term contract . He agreed on 2 July to re-sign for Darlington on a one-year contract once the League Two club had left administration . His 2009–10 season started with a flurry of errors and his second debut for the club came in a 3–1 defeat at Aldershot Town on 8 August 2009 . Knight left Darlington on 8 December when manager Steve Staunton released him from his contract by mutual consent , having played nine games for the club . Knight moved to Conference Premier side Histon in February 2010 on a one-and-a-half-year contract following a two-week trial . He made his debut in a 1–0 defeat to Rushden & Diamonds on 3 March 2010 and he finished the 2009–10 season with 12 appearances for Histon . Despite being told he had a future with Histon , Knight joined York City on a two-week trial in July with a view to signing on a season-long loan . Illness resulted in him missing Yorks pre-season friendly with Hull City although he later played one half of Yorks 2–0 defeat to Barnsley , with manager Martin Foyle saying he did well . After playing in the 1–0 friendly victory over Morecambe Foyle said he was interested in signing Knight . He eventually signed for the club on 30 July . His debut came in a 2–1 victory over Forest Green Rovers on 22 January 2011 as Michael Ingham was serving a one-match suspension . This proved to be his only appearance for the club . With another year remaining on his Histon contract , he was unsure of his future at the club after returning , while player-manager David Livermore said he intended to transfer Knight from the club . He was handed a free transfer by the club and allowed to talk to other clubs . Following the cancellation of his contract at Histon by mutual consent , Knight signed for Conference North rivals Blyth Spartans , where he had made 18 appearances during an earlier three-month loan spell . He left the club at the beginning of the 2012–13 season , signing for Spennymoor Town in August 2012 before leaving in 2014 . International career . Knight was capped for England at under-16 , under-17 and under-18 level . He was part of the under-17 team that participated in the 2004 Algarve Tournament . He was called into the under-19 squad in May 2006 as a replacement for Ben Alnwick . Style of play . Knight plays as a goalkeeper . He said in 2010 that shot-stopping is a strength of mine . |
[
"Middlesbrough"
] | easy | David Knight (English footballer) played for which team from 2008 to 2009? | /wiki/David_Knight_(English_footballer)#P54#3 | David Knight ( English footballer ) David Sean Knight ( born 15 January 1987 ) is an English footballer who last played for Spennymoor Town as a goalkeeper . Club career . Born in Houghton-le-Spring , Tyne and Wear , Knight began his career with the Middlesbrough youth system at the age of 11 after he was spotted by a scout playing for his local team Hetton Juniors . He played in both legs of the 2004 FA Youth Cup , which Middlesbrough won 4–0 on aggregate . Knight signed a professional contract with Middlesbrough on 3 February 2005 and his first involvement with the first team came weeks later after being named on the substitutes bench for a 2–2 draw with Charlton Athletic in the FA Premier League on 27 February . Knight joined League Two team Darlington on an emergency one-month loan on 30 December 2005 to cover injuries to Sam Russell and Bertrand Bossu and he made his debut the following day in a 2–2 draw against Lincoln City . After he picked up a hip injury during a 3–2 defeat to Notts County he finished the loan with three appearances . He signed a new one-year contract with Middlesbrough in June 2006 . Knight signed for League One team Oldham Athletic on a one-month loan on 24 August . His debut lasted only 39 minutes after he was wrongly sent off for handling the ball outside the box , with the game finishing a 0–0 draw with Carlisle United . He made one more appearance for Oldham before suffering from swollen glands and a hip injury before finishing the loan with two appearances . He left Middlesbrough to join League One team Swansea City on a free transfer on 31 August 2007 . His first and only appearance of the 2007–08 season came in a 2–1 victory over Billericay Town in the FA Cup first round on 10 November 2007 . He was released by the club after his contract expired on 30 June 2008 and he signed for Conference Premier team Mansfield Town on 13 October following a trial . Having made no appearances he left Mansfield on 3 November and returned to Middlesbrough to play in the reserves on a month-to-month contract . Knight left the club for the second time in May 2009 after failing to earn a long-term contract . He agreed on 2 July to re-sign for Darlington on a one-year contract once the League Two club had left administration . His 2009–10 season started with a flurry of errors and his second debut for the club came in a 3–1 defeat at Aldershot Town on 8 August 2009 . Knight left Darlington on 8 December when manager Steve Staunton released him from his contract by mutual consent , having played nine games for the club . Knight moved to Conference Premier side Histon in February 2010 on a one-and-a-half-year contract following a two-week trial . He made his debut in a 1–0 defeat to Rushden & Diamonds on 3 March 2010 and he finished the 2009–10 season with 12 appearances for Histon . Despite being told he had a future with Histon , Knight joined York City on a two-week trial in July with a view to signing on a season-long loan . Illness resulted in him missing Yorks pre-season friendly with Hull City although he later played one half of Yorks 2–0 defeat to Barnsley , with manager Martin Foyle saying he did well . After playing in the 1–0 friendly victory over Morecambe Foyle said he was interested in signing Knight . He eventually signed for the club on 30 July . His debut came in a 2–1 victory over Forest Green Rovers on 22 January 2011 as Michael Ingham was serving a one-match suspension . This proved to be his only appearance for the club . With another year remaining on his Histon contract , he was unsure of his future at the club after returning , while player-manager David Livermore said he intended to transfer Knight from the club . He was handed a free transfer by the club and allowed to talk to other clubs . Following the cancellation of his contract at Histon by mutual consent , Knight signed for Conference North rivals Blyth Spartans , where he had made 18 appearances during an earlier three-month loan spell . He left the club at the beginning of the 2012–13 season , signing for Spennymoor Town in August 2012 before leaving in 2014 . International career . Knight was capped for England at under-16 , under-17 and under-18 level . He was part of the under-17 team that participated in the 2004 Algarve Tournament . He was called into the under-19 squad in May 2006 as a replacement for Ben Alnwick . Style of play . Knight plays as a goalkeeper . He said in 2010 that shot-stopping is a strength of mine . |
[
"Histon",
"York City"
] | easy | Which team did David Knight (English footballer) play for from 2010 to 2011? | /wiki/David_Knight_(English_footballer)#P54#4 | David Knight ( English footballer ) David Sean Knight ( born 15 January 1987 ) is an English footballer who last played for Spennymoor Town as a goalkeeper . Club career . Born in Houghton-le-Spring , Tyne and Wear , Knight began his career with the Middlesbrough youth system at the age of 11 after he was spotted by a scout playing for his local team Hetton Juniors . He played in both legs of the 2004 FA Youth Cup , which Middlesbrough won 4–0 on aggregate . Knight signed a professional contract with Middlesbrough on 3 February 2005 and his first involvement with the first team came weeks later after being named on the substitutes bench for a 2–2 draw with Charlton Athletic in the FA Premier League on 27 February . Knight joined League Two team Darlington on an emergency one-month loan on 30 December 2005 to cover injuries to Sam Russell and Bertrand Bossu and he made his debut the following day in a 2–2 draw against Lincoln City . After he picked up a hip injury during a 3–2 defeat to Notts County he finished the loan with three appearances . He signed a new one-year contract with Middlesbrough in June 2006 . Knight signed for League One team Oldham Athletic on a one-month loan on 24 August . His debut lasted only 39 minutes after he was wrongly sent off for handling the ball outside the box , with the game finishing a 0–0 draw with Carlisle United . He made one more appearance for Oldham before suffering from swollen glands and a hip injury before finishing the loan with two appearances . He left Middlesbrough to join League One team Swansea City on a free transfer on 31 August 2007 . His first and only appearance of the 2007–08 season came in a 2–1 victory over Billericay Town in the FA Cup first round on 10 November 2007 . He was released by the club after his contract expired on 30 June 2008 and he signed for Conference Premier team Mansfield Town on 13 October following a trial . Having made no appearances he left Mansfield on 3 November and returned to Middlesbrough to play in the reserves on a month-to-month contract . Knight left the club for the second time in May 2009 after failing to earn a long-term contract . He agreed on 2 July to re-sign for Darlington on a one-year contract once the League Two club had left administration . His 2009–10 season started with a flurry of errors and his second debut for the club came in a 3–1 defeat at Aldershot Town on 8 August 2009 . Knight left Darlington on 8 December when manager Steve Staunton released him from his contract by mutual consent , having played nine games for the club . Knight moved to Conference Premier side Histon in February 2010 on a one-and-a-half-year contract following a two-week trial . He made his debut in a 1–0 defeat to Rushden & Diamonds on 3 March 2010 and he finished the 2009–10 season with 12 appearances for Histon . Despite being told he had a future with Histon , Knight joined York City on a two-week trial in July with a view to signing on a season-long loan . Illness resulted in him missing Yorks pre-season friendly with Hull City although he later played one half of Yorks 2–0 defeat to Barnsley , with manager Martin Foyle saying he did well . After playing in the 1–0 friendly victory over Morecambe Foyle said he was interested in signing Knight . He eventually signed for the club on 30 July . His debut came in a 2–1 victory over Forest Green Rovers on 22 January 2011 as Michael Ingham was serving a one-match suspension . This proved to be his only appearance for the club . With another year remaining on his Histon contract , he was unsure of his future at the club after returning , while player-manager David Livermore said he intended to transfer Knight from the club . He was handed a free transfer by the club and allowed to talk to other clubs . Following the cancellation of his contract at Histon by mutual consent , Knight signed for Conference North rivals Blyth Spartans , where he had made 18 appearances during an earlier three-month loan spell . He left the club at the beginning of the 2012–13 season , signing for Spennymoor Town in August 2012 before leaving in 2014 . International career . Knight was capped for England at under-16 , under-17 and under-18 level . He was part of the under-17 team that participated in the 2004 Algarve Tournament . He was called into the under-19 squad in May 2006 as a replacement for Ben Alnwick . Style of play . Knight plays as a goalkeeper . He said in 2010 that shot-stopping is a strength of mine . |
[
"Spennymoor Town"
] | easy | David Knight (English footballer) played for which team from 2012 to 2014? | /wiki/David_Knight_(English_footballer)#P54#5 | David Knight ( English footballer ) David Sean Knight ( born 15 January 1987 ) is an English footballer who last played for Spennymoor Town as a goalkeeper . Club career . Born in Houghton-le-Spring , Tyne and Wear , Knight began his career with the Middlesbrough youth system at the age of 11 after he was spotted by a scout playing for his local team Hetton Juniors . He played in both legs of the 2004 FA Youth Cup , which Middlesbrough won 4–0 on aggregate . Knight signed a professional contract with Middlesbrough on 3 February 2005 and his first involvement with the first team came weeks later after being named on the substitutes bench for a 2–2 draw with Charlton Athletic in the FA Premier League on 27 February . Knight joined League Two team Darlington on an emergency one-month loan on 30 December 2005 to cover injuries to Sam Russell and Bertrand Bossu and he made his debut the following day in a 2–2 draw against Lincoln City . After he picked up a hip injury during a 3–2 defeat to Notts County he finished the loan with three appearances . He signed a new one-year contract with Middlesbrough in June 2006 . Knight signed for League One team Oldham Athletic on a one-month loan on 24 August . His debut lasted only 39 minutes after he was wrongly sent off for handling the ball outside the box , with the game finishing a 0–0 draw with Carlisle United . He made one more appearance for Oldham before suffering from swollen glands and a hip injury before finishing the loan with two appearances . He left Middlesbrough to join League One team Swansea City on a free transfer on 31 August 2007 . His first and only appearance of the 2007–08 season came in a 2–1 victory over Billericay Town in the FA Cup first round on 10 November 2007 . He was released by the club after his contract expired on 30 June 2008 and he signed for Conference Premier team Mansfield Town on 13 October following a trial . Having made no appearances he left Mansfield on 3 November and returned to Middlesbrough to play in the reserves on a month-to-month contract . Knight left the club for the second time in May 2009 after failing to earn a long-term contract . He agreed on 2 July to re-sign for Darlington on a one-year contract once the League Two club had left administration . His 2009–10 season started with a flurry of errors and his second debut for the club came in a 3–1 defeat at Aldershot Town on 8 August 2009 . Knight left Darlington on 8 December when manager Steve Staunton released him from his contract by mutual consent , having played nine games for the club . Knight moved to Conference Premier side Histon in February 2010 on a one-and-a-half-year contract following a two-week trial . He made his debut in a 1–0 defeat to Rushden & Diamonds on 3 March 2010 and he finished the 2009–10 season with 12 appearances for Histon . Despite being told he had a future with Histon , Knight joined York City on a two-week trial in July with a view to signing on a season-long loan . Illness resulted in him missing Yorks pre-season friendly with Hull City although he later played one half of Yorks 2–0 defeat to Barnsley , with manager Martin Foyle saying he did well . After playing in the 1–0 friendly victory over Morecambe Foyle said he was interested in signing Knight . He eventually signed for the club on 30 July . His debut came in a 2–1 victory over Forest Green Rovers on 22 January 2011 as Michael Ingham was serving a one-match suspension . This proved to be his only appearance for the club . With another year remaining on his Histon contract , he was unsure of his future at the club after returning , while player-manager David Livermore said he intended to transfer Knight from the club . He was handed a free transfer by the club and allowed to talk to other clubs . Following the cancellation of his contract at Histon by mutual consent , Knight signed for Conference North rivals Blyth Spartans , where he had made 18 appearances during an earlier three-month loan spell . He left the club at the beginning of the 2012–13 season , signing for Spennymoor Town in August 2012 before leaving in 2014 . International career . Knight was capped for England at under-16 , under-17 and under-18 level . He was part of the under-17 team that participated in the 2004 Algarve Tournament . He was called into the under-19 squad in May 2006 as a replacement for Ben Alnwick . Style of play . Knight plays as a goalkeeper . He said in 2010 that shot-stopping is a strength of mine . |
[
""
] | easy | Which employer did John McAfee work for from 1967 to 1968? | /wiki/John_McAfee#P108#0 | John McAfee John David McAfee ( ; born September 18 , 1945 ) is an English-American computer programmer and businessman . He founded the software company McAfee Associates in 1987 and ran it until 1994 , when he resigned from the company . McAfee Associates achieved early success as the creator of McAfees first commercial antivirus software , and the business now produces a range of enterprise security software . The company was purchased by Intel in 2011 , though it still bears the McAfee brand name . McAfees wealth peaked in 2007 at $100 million , before his investments plummeted in the financial crisis of 2007–2008 . Since leaving McAfee Associates , he has founded the companies Tribal Voice ( makers of the PowWow chat program ) , QuorumEx and Future Tense Central , among others , and has been involved in leadership positions in the companies Everykey , MGT Capital Investments and Luxcore , among others . His personal and business interests include smartphone apps , cryptocurrency , yoga , and herbal antibiotics . He resided for a number of years in Belize , but returned to the United States in 2013 . McAfee is also a political activist . He unsuccessfully sought the Libertarian Party nomination for President of the United States in 2016 and 2020 . On October 6 , 2020 , McAfee was arrested in Spain over tax evasion charges . The charges were announced shortly after the US Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) revealed that it had brought civil charges against McAfee and that he could face 30 years in prison if convicted . Early life . McAfee was born in Cinderford , in the Forest of Dean , Gloucestershire , United Kingdom on a U.S . Army base to an American father , who was stationed there , and a British mother . He was raised in Salem , Virginia , US . McAfee has said he feels as much British as he is American . When McAfee was 15 , his father , an abusive alcoholic , committed suicide by gunshot . He received a bachelors degree in mathematics in 1967 from Roanoke College , which subsequently awarded him an honorary Sc.D . degree in 2008 . Ventures . Before McAfee Associates . McAfee was employed as a programmer by NASAs Institute for Space Studies in New York City from 1968 to 1970 . From there , he went to Univac as a software designer , and later to Xerox as an operating system architect . In 1978 , he joined Computer Sciences Corporation as a software consultant . He worked for consulting firm Booz Allen Hamilton from 1980–1982 . In the 1980s , while employed by Lockheed , McAfee received a copy of the Brain computer virus , and began developing software to combat viruses . McAfee Associates . In 1987 McAfee founded McAfee Associates , a computer anti-virus company . The company was incorporated in Delaware in 1992 , and McAfee resigned from the company in 1994 . Two years after McAfee Associates went public , McAfee sold his remaining stake in the company . Network Associates was formed in 1997 as a merger of McAfee Associates and Network General . The Network Associates company name was retained for seven years , when it was renamed McAfee , Inc . In August 2010 , Intel bought McAfee , maintaining the separate branding , until January 2014 , when it announced that McAfee-related products will be marketed as Intel Security . McAfee expressed his pleasure at the name change , saying , I am now everlastingly grateful to Intel for freeing me from this terrible association with the worst software on the planet . The unit was spun out of Intel in April 2017 as McAfee , LLC , as a joint venture between TPG Capital and Intel . After McAfee Associates . Other business ventures that were founded by McAfee include Tribal Voice , which developed one of the first instant messaging programs , PowWow . In 2000 , he invested in and joined the board of directors of Zone Labs , makers of firewall software , prior to its acquisition by Check Point Software in 2003 . In August 2009 , The New York Times reported that McAfees personal fortune had declined to $4 million from a peak of $100 million , the effect of the financial crisis of 2007–2008 on his investments . In 2009 , McAfee was interviewed in Belize for the CNBC special The Bubble Decade , in which it was reported that he had invested in and/or built many mansions in the USA that went unsold when the 2007 global recession hit . The report also discussed his quest to produce plants for possible medicinal uses on his land in Belize . In February 2010 , McAfee started the company QuorumEx , headquartered in Belize , which aimed to produce herbal antibiotics that disrupt quorum sensing in bacteria . In June 2013 , McAfee uploaded a parody video titled How to Uninstall McAfee Antivirus onto his YouTube channel . In the video , McAfee criticized McAfees antivirus software while snorting white powder , and being stroked and undressed by scantily clad women . The video has garnered over 9 million views . McAfee told Reuters that he made the video to ridicule the medias negative coverage of him . A spokesman for McAfee Inc . called the videos statements ludicrous . Also in 2013 , McAfee started the company Future Tense Central , which aimed to produce a secure computer network device called the D-Central . By 2016 , it was also serving as an incubator . In February 2014 , McAfee announced Cognizant , an application for smartphones , which displays information about the permissions of other installed applications . In April 2014 , Cognizant was renamed DCentral 1 , and an Android version of it was released for free on Google Play . At the DEF CON conference in Las Vegas , Nevada in August 2014 , he warned Americans not to use smartphones , suggesting apps are used to spy on clueless consumers who do not read privacy user agreements . In January 2016 , he became the chief evangelist for security startup Everykey . In February 2016 , McAfee received media attention by publicly volunteering to decrypt the iPhone used by the San Bernardino shooters , avoiding the need for Apple to build a backdoor . McAfee later admitted that his claims of how simple cracking the phone would be were a publicity stunt , though he still claimed he could pull it off . In May 2016 , McAfee was appointed chief executive chairman and CEO of MGT Capital Investments , a technology holding company . The company initially stated that it would rename itself John McAfee Global Technologies , although this plan was abandoned due to a dispute with Intel over rights to the McAfee name . McAfee changed MGTs focus from social gaming to cybersecurity , stating in an interview that anti-virus software is dead , it no longer works , and that the new paradigm has to stop the hacker getting in before they can do damage . Soon after joining MGT , McAfee claimed that he and his team had exploited a flaw in the Android operating system that allowed him to read encrypted messages from WhatsApp . Gizmodo investigated these claims , and reported that McAfee had sent reporters malware-infected phones to make this hack work . McAfee responded to these accusations , writing : Of course the phones had malware on them . How that malware got there is the story , which we will release after speaking with Google . It involves a serious flaw in the Android architecture . McAfee also moved MGT into the mining of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies , saying that it was intended both to make money for the company , and to increase MGTs expertise in dealing with blockchains , which he thought was important for cybersecurity . In August 2017 , McAfee stepped down as CEO , instead serving as MGTs chief cybersecurity visionary . In January 2018 , he left the company altogether . Both sides stated that the decision was amicable , with McAfee saying that he wanted to spend all of his time on cryptocurrencies , while the company stated that they were getting pressured by potential investors to disassociate themselves from McAfee . On August 13 , 2018 , McAfee took a position of CEO with Luxcore , a cryptocurrency company focused on enterprise solutions . Politics . Political positions . McAfee is a libertarian , advocating the decriminalization of cannabis , an end to the war on drugs , non-interventionism in foreign policy , a free market economy which does not redistribute wealth , and upholding free trade . McAfee supports abolishing the Transportation Security Administration . McAfee advocates increased cyber awareness , and more action against the threat of cyberwarfare . McAfee advocates religious liberty , saying that business owners should be able to deny service in circumstances that contradict their religious beliefs , and : No one is forcing you to buy anything or to choose one person over another . So why should I be forced to do anything if I am not harming you ? Its my choice to sell , your choice to buy . 2016 presidential campaign . On September 8 , 2015 , McAfee announced that he would seek the office of President of the United States in the 2016 presidential election , as the candidate of a newly formed political party called the Cyber Party . On December 24 , 2015 , he re-announced his candidacy bid saying that he would instead seek the presidential nomination of the Libertarian Party . On the campaign trail , McAfee consistently polled among the top three presidential candidates for his party with his rivals Gary Johnson and Austin Petersen . The three candidates appeared in the Libertarian Partys first nationally televised presidential debate on March 29 , 2016 . McAfee announced that his vice presidential choice would be the photographer , former commercial real estate broker , and Libertarian activist Judd Weiss . McAfee was the runner-up in the primaries but came in third at the 2016 Libertarian National Convention . Notable endorsements . - Adam Kokesh , talk show host and activist - John Moore , Nevada assemblyman - L . Neil Smith , science fiction author and activist 2020 presidential campaign . McAfee announced his second bid for president in June 2018 , for the 2020 presidential election . His main campaign issue is to promote the use of cryptocurrencies . He stated that he will either again seek the nomination of the Libertarian Party , or form his own party ; he ultimately ran as a Libertarian . In a tweet , on March 4 , 2020 , McAfee simultaneously suspended his 2020 presidential campaign and announced his campaign for the Libertarian party vice presidential nomination . The next day , he returned to the presidential field , reversing the suspension of his bid , as No one in the Libertarian Party Would [ sic ] consider me For Vice President . The next month , he endorsed Adam Kokesh ; he simultaneously became Kokeshs vice-presidential candidate . McAfee was again not nominated , losing to Jo Jorgensen and Spike Cohen for the vice-presidential slot . Other views . McAfee has contended that taxes are illegal and has claimed in 2019 that he had not filed a tax return since 2010 . He refers to himself as being a prime target of the U.S . Internal Revenue Service . In July 2017 , McAfee wrote on Twitter that he predicted that the price of one bitcoin would jump to $500,000 within three years , and If not , I will eat my own dick on national television . In November 2017 , he increased his prediction to $1 million . In January 2020 , however , he stated on Twitter that his previous predictions were simply A ruse to onboard new users , and that bitcoin had limited potential because it was an ancient technology . Personal life . The night after McAfee arrived in the United States after being deported from Guatemala in December 2012 , he was solicited by Janice Dyson , then a prostitute in South Beach ( Miami Beach ) . The two spent the night together . Despite Dyson being more than 30 years McAfees junior , McAfee and Dyson subsequently began a relationship , and married in 2013 . McAfee originally took up residence in Portland , Oregon in 2013 . In a 2012 article in Mensa Bulletin , the magazine of American Mensa , McAfee stated that being the developer of the first commercial anti-virus program has made him the most popular hacking target , confiding : Hackers see hacking me as a badge of honor . He added that for his own security , he has other people buy his computer equipment for him , uses pseudonyms for setting up computers and logging in , and changes his IP address several times a day . When asked on another occasion if he personally uses McAfees antivirus software , McAfee replied : I take it off , and , Its too annoying . McAfee claims that the former cocaine baron Boston George Jung is writing his official biography , No Domain . On February 8 , 2018 , McAfee claimed to reside in Lexington , Tennessee . Since December 2018 , McAfee has stated several times on Twitter that he has 47 biological children . Legal issues . On April 30 , 2012 , McAfees property in Orange Walk Town , Belize , was raided by the Gang Suppression Unit of the Belize Police Department . At that time , McAfee was in bed with a girlfriend . A GSU press release stated that McAfee was arrested for unlicensed drug manufacturing and possession of an unlicensed weapon . He was released without charge . In 2012 , Belize police spokesman , Raphael Martinez , confirmed that McAfee was neither convicted nor charged , only suspected . In January 2014 , McAfee claimed that when the Belizean government raided his property , it seized his assets , and that his house later burned down under suspicious circumstances . On November 12 , 2012 , Belize police started a search for McAfee as a person of interest in connection to the murder of American expatriate Gregory Viant Faull . Faull was found dead of a gunshot wound on November 11 , 2012 , at his home on the island of Ambergris Caye , the largest island in Belize . Faull was a neighbor of McAfees . In a November 2012 interview with Wired , McAfee said that he has always been afraid police would kill him , and thus refused their routine questions ; he has since evaded the Belizean authorities . Belizes prime minister , Dean Barrow , called McAfee extremely paranoid , even bonkers . McAfee fled Belize when he was sought for questioning concerning the murder . The magazine Vice accidentally gave away McAfees location at a Guatemalan resort in early December 2012 , when a photo taken by one of its journalists accompanying McAfee was posted with the EXIF geolocation metadata still attached . While in Guatemala , McAfee asked Chad Essley , an American cartoonist and animator , to set up a blog so that McAfee could write about his experience while on the run . McAfee then appeared publicly in Guatemala City , where he attempted to seek political asylum . On December 5 , 2012 , McAfee was arrested for illegally entering Guatemala . Shortly afterward , he was placed under arrest , and a board to review McAfees plea for asylum was formed . The committee denied his asylum , so he was taken from his holding facility to a detention center in order to await deportation to Belize . On December 6 , 2012 , Reuters and ABC News reported that McAfee had two minor heart attacks in a Guatemalan detention center and was hospitalized . McAfees lawyer stated that his client had not suffered heart attacks , but had instead suffered from high blood pressure and anxiety attacks . McAfee later said he had faked the heart attacks while being held in Guatemala , to buy time for his attorney to file a series of appeals that ultimately prevented his deportation to Belize , thus hastening the governments decision to send him back to the United States . On December 12 , 2012 , McAfee was released from detention in Guatemala , and deported to the United States . On August 2 , 2015 , McAfee was arrested in Henderson County , Tennessee , on charges of : one count of driving under the influence , and one count of possession of a firearm while intoxicated . On November 14 , 2018 , the Circuit Court in Orlando , Florida refused to dismiss a wrongful death lawsuit against McAfee for Faulls death . In January 2019 , McAfee announced that he was on the run from U.S . authorities , and living internationally on a boat following the convening of a Grand Jury to indict him , his wife , and four of his 2020 Presidential campaign workers on tax-related charges . The IRS has not independently confirmed the existence of these charges . In July 2019 , McAfee and members of his entourage were arrested while his yacht was docked at Puerto Plata , Dominican Republic , on suspicion of carrying high-caliber weapons and ammunition . They were held for four days before being released . On August 11 , 2020 , McAfee fabricated a hoax that he was arrested in Norway during the COVID-19 pandemic , after refusing to replace a lace thong with a more effective face mask . McAfee later posted a picture of himself to Twitter with a bruised eye , claiming that it occurred during this arrest . However , the photo of the alleged arrest shows an officer with the German word for police on their uniform , so it could not have been an arrest in Norway . The Augsburg Police later confirmed McAfee unsuccessfully attempted to enter Germany on that day , but was not arrested . On October 5 , 2020 , McAfee was arrested in Spain at the request of the U.S . Department of Justice for tax evasion . The indictment alleges he earned millions of dollars from 2014–18 , but has failed to file income tax returns . On October 6 , 2020 , the U.S . Securities and Exchange Commission filed a complaint alleging that McAfee had fraudulently promoted certain ICOs . According to the SEC , McAfee presented himself as an impartial investor when he promoted the ICOs , despite the fact that he was allegedly paid $23 million in digital assets in exchange for the promotions . On March 5 , 2021 , the U.S . Attorneys Office for the Southern District of New York announced that they had formally indicted McAfee and an executive adviser for allegedly fraudulently promoting certain cryptocurrencies and performing pump and dump schemes . McAfee is currently incarcerated in Spain , pending extradition to the United States . In the media . is a Showtime Networks documentary about the portion of McAfees life spent in Belize . It began airing in September 2016 . The documentary covers allegations of both the rape of McAfees former business partner , Allison Adonizio , and the murders of Belizean David Middleton and American expat Gregory Faull . In an interview with Bloombergs Pimm Fox and Kathleen Hayes on September 8 , 2016 , McAfee claimed that these incidents were fabricated , saying that Belize is a third-world banana republic and you can go down there and make any story you want if you pay your interviewees , which Showtime did . In March 2017 , it was reported that Glenn Ficarra and John Requa would direct a film about McAfee titled King of the Jungle , with a script by Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski . At various points , Johnny Depp , Michael Keaton , and Seth Rogen were reported to have been signed to roles in the film and later to have left the project . In November 2019 , Zac Efron was reported to be starring in the film . On May 12 , 2017 , McAfee was interviewed on ABCs 20/20 regarding the alleged murder of his neighbor , Greg Faull . McAfees wife , Janice , was interviewed in the segment as well . External links . - John McAfees website |
[
"NASAs Institute for Space Studies"
] | easy | What was the name of the employer John McAfee work for from 1968 to 1970? | /wiki/John_McAfee#P108#1 | John McAfee John David McAfee ( ; born September 18 , 1945 ) is an English-American computer programmer and businessman . He founded the software company McAfee Associates in 1987 and ran it until 1994 , when he resigned from the company . McAfee Associates achieved early success as the creator of McAfees first commercial antivirus software , and the business now produces a range of enterprise security software . The company was purchased by Intel in 2011 , though it still bears the McAfee brand name . McAfees wealth peaked in 2007 at $100 million , before his investments plummeted in the financial crisis of 2007–2008 . Since leaving McAfee Associates , he has founded the companies Tribal Voice ( makers of the PowWow chat program ) , QuorumEx and Future Tense Central , among others , and has been involved in leadership positions in the companies Everykey , MGT Capital Investments and Luxcore , among others . His personal and business interests include smartphone apps , cryptocurrency , yoga , and herbal antibiotics . He resided for a number of years in Belize , but returned to the United States in 2013 . McAfee is also a political activist . He unsuccessfully sought the Libertarian Party nomination for President of the United States in 2016 and 2020 . On October 6 , 2020 , McAfee was arrested in Spain over tax evasion charges . The charges were announced shortly after the US Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) revealed that it had brought civil charges against McAfee and that he could face 30 years in prison if convicted . Early life . McAfee was born in Cinderford , in the Forest of Dean , Gloucestershire , United Kingdom on a U.S . Army base to an American father , who was stationed there , and a British mother . He was raised in Salem , Virginia , US . McAfee has said he feels as much British as he is American . When McAfee was 15 , his father , an abusive alcoholic , committed suicide by gunshot . He received a bachelors degree in mathematics in 1967 from Roanoke College , which subsequently awarded him an honorary Sc.D . degree in 2008 . Ventures . Before McAfee Associates . McAfee was employed as a programmer by NASAs Institute for Space Studies in New York City from 1968 to 1970 . From there , he went to Univac as a software designer , and later to Xerox as an operating system architect . In 1978 , he joined Computer Sciences Corporation as a software consultant . He worked for consulting firm Booz Allen Hamilton from 1980–1982 . In the 1980s , while employed by Lockheed , McAfee received a copy of the Brain computer virus , and began developing software to combat viruses . McAfee Associates . In 1987 McAfee founded McAfee Associates , a computer anti-virus company . The company was incorporated in Delaware in 1992 , and McAfee resigned from the company in 1994 . Two years after McAfee Associates went public , McAfee sold his remaining stake in the company . Network Associates was formed in 1997 as a merger of McAfee Associates and Network General . The Network Associates company name was retained for seven years , when it was renamed McAfee , Inc . In August 2010 , Intel bought McAfee , maintaining the separate branding , until January 2014 , when it announced that McAfee-related products will be marketed as Intel Security . McAfee expressed his pleasure at the name change , saying , I am now everlastingly grateful to Intel for freeing me from this terrible association with the worst software on the planet . The unit was spun out of Intel in April 2017 as McAfee , LLC , as a joint venture between TPG Capital and Intel . After McAfee Associates . Other business ventures that were founded by McAfee include Tribal Voice , which developed one of the first instant messaging programs , PowWow . In 2000 , he invested in and joined the board of directors of Zone Labs , makers of firewall software , prior to its acquisition by Check Point Software in 2003 . In August 2009 , The New York Times reported that McAfees personal fortune had declined to $4 million from a peak of $100 million , the effect of the financial crisis of 2007–2008 on his investments . In 2009 , McAfee was interviewed in Belize for the CNBC special The Bubble Decade , in which it was reported that he had invested in and/or built many mansions in the USA that went unsold when the 2007 global recession hit . The report also discussed his quest to produce plants for possible medicinal uses on his land in Belize . In February 2010 , McAfee started the company QuorumEx , headquartered in Belize , which aimed to produce herbal antibiotics that disrupt quorum sensing in bacteria . In June 2013 , McAfee uploaded a parody video titled How to Uninstall McAfee Antivirus onto his YouTube channel . In the video , McAfee criticized McAfees antivirus software while snorting white powder , and being stroked and undressed by scantily clad women . The video has garnered over 9 million views . McAfee told Reuters that he made the video to ridicule the medias negative coverage of him . A spokesman for McAfee Inc . called the videos statements ludicrous . Also in 2013 , McAfee started the company Future Tense Central , which aimed to produce a secure computer network device called the D-Central . By 2016 , it was also serving as an incubator . In February 2014 , McAfee announced Cognizant , an application for smartphones , which displays information about the permissions of other installed applications . In April 2014 , Cognizant was renamed DCentral 1 , and an Android version of it was released for free on Google Play . At the DEF CON conference in Las Vegas , Nevada in August 2014 , he warned Americans not to use smartphones , suggesting apps are used to spy on clueless consumers who do not read privacy user agreements . In January 2016 , he became the chief evangelist for security startup Everykey . In February 2016 , McAfee received media attention by publicly volunteering to decrypt the iPhone used by the San Bernardino shooters , avoiding the need for Apple to build a backdoor . McAfee later admitted that his claims of how simple cracking the phone would be were a publicity stunt , though he still claimed he could pull it off . In May 2016 , McAfee was appointed chief executive chairman and CEO of MGT Capital Investments , a technology holding company . The company initially stated that it would rename itself John McAfee Global Technologies , although this plan was abandoned due to a dispute with Intel over rights to the McAfee name . McAfee changed MGTs focus from social gaming to cybersecurity , stating in an interview that anti-virus software is dead , it no longer works , and that the new paradigm has to stop the hacker getting in before they can do damage . Soon after joining MGT , McAfee claimed that he and his team had exploited a flaw in the Android operating system that allowed him to read encrypted messages from WhatsApp . Gizmodo investigated these claims , and reported that McAfee had sent reporters malware-infected phones to make this hack work . McAfee responded to these accusations , writing : Of course the phones had malware on them . How that malware got there is the story , which we will release after speaking with Google . It involves a serious flaw in the Android architecture . McAfee also moved MGT into the mining of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies , saying that it was intended both to make money for the company , and to increase MGTs expertise in dealing with blockchains , which he thought was important for cybersecurity . In August 2017 , McAfee stepped down as CEO , instead serving as MGTs chief cybersecurity visionary . In January 2018 , he left the company altogether . Both sides stated that the decision was amicable , with McAfee saying that he wanted to spend all of his time on cryptocurrencies , while the company stated that they were getting pressured by potential investors to disassociate themselves from McAfee . On August 13 , 2018 , McAfee took a position of CEO with Luxcore , a cryptocurrency company focused on enterprise solutions . Politics . Political positions . McAfee is a libertarian , advocating the decriminalization of cannabis , an end to the war on drugs , non-interventionism in foreign policy , a free market economy which does not redistribute wealth , and upholding free trade . McAfee supports abolishing the Transportation Security Administration . McAfee advocates increased cyber awareness , and more action against the threat of cyberwarfare . McAfee advocates religious liberty , saying that business owners should be able to deny service in circumstances that contradict their religious beliefs , and : No one is forcing you to buy anything or to choose one person over another . So why should I be forced to do anything if I am not harming you ? Its my choice to sell , your choice to buy . 2016 presidential campaign . On September 8 , 2015 , McAfee announced that he would seek the office of President of the United States in the 2016 presidential election , as the candidate of a newly formed political party called the Cyber Party . On December 24 , 2015 , he re-announced his candidacy bid saying that he would instead seek the presidential nomination of the Libertarian Party . On the campaign trail , McAfee consistently polled among the top three presidential candidates for his party with his rivals Gary Johnson and Austin Petersen . The three candidates appeared in the Libertarian Partys first nationally televised presidential debate on March 29 , 2016 . McAfee announced that his vice presidential choice would be the photographer , former commercial real estate broker , and Libertarian activist Judd Weiss . McAfee was the runner-up in the primaries but came in third at the 2016 Libertarian National Convention . Notable endorsements . - Adam Kokesh , talk show host and activist - John Moore , Nevada assemblyman - L . Neil Smith , science fiction author and activist 2020 presidential campaign . McAfee announced his second bid for president in June 2018 , for the 2020 presidential election . His main campaign issue is to promote the use of cryptocurrencies . He stated that he will either again seek the nomination of the Libertarian Party , or form his own party ; he ultimately ran as a Libertarian . In a tweet , on March 4 , 2020 , McAfee simultaneously suspended his 2020 presidential campaign and announced his campaign for the Libertarian party vice presidential nomination . The next day , he returned to the presidential field , reversing the suspension of his bid , as No one in the Libertarian Party Would [ sic ] consider me For Vice President . The next month , he endorsed Adam Kokesh ; he simultaneously became Kokeshs vice-presidential candidate . McAfee was again not nominated , losing to Jo Jorgensen and Spike Cohen for the vice-presidential slot . Other views . McAfee has contended that taxes are illegal and has claimed in 2019 that he had not filed a tax return since 2010 . He refers to himself as being a prime target of the U.S . Internal Revenue Service . In July 2017 , McAfee wrote on Twitter that he predicted that the price of one bitcoin would jump to $500,000 within three years , and If not , I will eat my own dick on national television . In November 2017 , he increased his prediction to $1 million . In January 2020 , however , he stated on Twitter that his previous predictions were simply A ruse to onboard new users , and that bitcoin had limited potential because it was an ancient technology . Personal life . The night after McAfee arrived in the United States after being deported from Guatemala in December 2012 , he was solicited by Janice Dyson , then a prostitute in South Beach ( Miami Beach ) . The two spent the night together . Despite Dyson being more than 30 years McAfees junior , McAfee and Dyson subsequently began a relationship , and married in 2013 . McAfee originally took up residence in Portland , Oregon in 2013 . In a 2012 article in Mensa Bulletin , the magazine of American Mensa , McAfee stated that being the developer of the first commercial anti-virus program has made him the most popular hacking target , confiding : Hackers see hacking me as a badge of honor . He added that for his own security , he has other people buy his computer equipment for him , uses pseudonyms for setting up computers and logging in , and changes his IP address several times a day . When asked on another occasion if he personally uses McAfees antivirus software , McAfee replied : I take it off , and , Its too annoying . McAfee claims that the former cocaine baron Boston George Jung is writing his official biography , No Domain . On February 8 , 2018 , McAfee claimed to reside in Lexington , Tennessee . Since December 2018 , McAfee has stated several times on Twitter that he has 47 biological children . Legal issues . On April 30 , 2012 , McAfees property in Orange Walk Town , Belize , was raided by the Gang Suppression Unit of the Belize Police Department . At that time , McAfee was in bed with a girlfriend . A GSU press release stated that McAfee was arrested for unlicensed drug manufacturing and possession of an unlicensed weapon . He was released without charge . In 2012 , Belize police spokesman , Raphael Martinez , confirmed that McAfee was neither convicted nor charged , only suspected . In January 2014 , McAfee claimed that when the Belizean government raided his property , it seized his assets , and that his house later burned down under suspicious circumstances . On November 12 , 2012 , Belize police started a search for McAfee as a person of interest in connection to the murder of American expatriate Gregory Viant Faull . Faull was found dead of a gunshot wound on November 11 , 2012 , at his home on the island of Ambergris Caye , the largest island in Belize . Faull was a neighbor of McAfees . In a November 2012 interview with Wired , McAfee said that he has always been afraid police would kill him , and thus refused their routine questions ; he has since evaded the Belizean authorities . Belizes prime minister , Dean Barrow , called McAfee extremely paranoid , even bonkers . McAfee fled Belize when he was sought for questioning concerning the murder . The magazine Vice accidentally gave away McAfees location at a Guatemalan resort in early December 2012 , when a photo taken by one of its journalists accompanying McAfee was posted with the EXIF geolocation metadata still attached . While in Guatemala , McAfee asked Chad Essley , an American cartoonist and animator , to set up a blog so that McAfee could write about his experience while on the run . McAfee then appeared publicly in Guatemala City , where he attempted to seek political asylum . On December 5 , 2012 , McAfee was arrested for illegally entering Guatemala . Shortly afterward , he was placed under arrest , and a board to review McAfees plea for asylum was formed . The committee denied his asylum , so he was taken from his holding facility to a detention center in order to await deportation to Belize . On December 6 , 2012 , Reuters and ABC News reported that McAfee had two minor heart attacks in a Guatemalan detention center and was hospitalized . McAfees lawyer stated that his client had not suffered heart attacks , but had instead suffered from high blood pressure and anxiety attacks . McAfee later said he had faked the heart attacks while being held in Guatemala , to buy time for his attorney to file a series of appeals that ultimately prevented his deportation to Belize , thus hastening the governments decision to send him back to the United States . On December 12 , 2012 , McAfee was released from detention in Guatemala , and deported to the United States . On August 2 , 2015 , McAfee was arrested in Henderson County , Tennessee , on charges of : one count of driving under the influence , and one count of possession of a firearm while intoxicated . On November 14 , 2018 , the Circuit Court in Orlando , Florida refused to dismiss a wrongful death lawsuit against McAfee for Faulls death . In January 2019 , McAfee announced that he was on the run from U.S . authorities , and living internationally on a boat following the convening of a Grand Jury to indict him , his wife , and four of his 2020 Presidential campaign workers on tax-related charges . The IRS has not independently confirmed the existence of these charges . In July 2019 , McAfee and members of his entourage were arrested while his yacht was docked at Puerto Plata , Dominican Republic , on suspicion of carrying high-caliber weapons and ammunition . They were held for four days before being released . On August 11 , 2020 , McAfee fabricated a hoax that he was arrested in Norway during the COVID-19 pandemic , after refusing to replace a lace thong with a more effective face mask . McAfee later posted a picture of himself to Twitter with a bruised eye , claiming that it occurred during this arrest . However , the photo of the alleged arrest shows an officer with the German word for police on their uniform , so it could not have been an arrest in Norway . The Augsburg Police later confirmed McAfee unsuccessfully attempted to enter Germany on that day , but was not arrested . On October 5 , 2020 , McAfee was arrested in Spain at the request of the U.S . Department of Justice for tax evasion . The indictment alleges he earned millions of dollars from 2014–18 , but has failed to file income tax returns . On October 6 , 2020 , the U.S . Securities and Exchange Commission filed a complaint alleging that McAfee had fraudulently promoted certain ICOs . According to the SEC , McAfee presented himself as an impartial investor when he promoted the ICOs , despite the fact that he was allegedly paid $23 million in digital assets in exchange for the promotions . On March 5 , 2021 , the U.S . Attorneys Office for the Southern District of New York announced that they had formally indicted McAfee and an executive adviser for allegedly fraudulently promoting certain cryptocurrencies and performing pump and dump schemes . McAfee is currently incarcerated in Spain , pending extradition to the United States . In the media . is a Showtime Networks documentary about the portion of McAfees life spent in Belize . It began airing in September 2016 . The documentary covers allegations of both the rape of McAfees former business partner , Allison Adonizio , and the murders of Belizean David Middleton and American expat Gregory Faull . In an interview with Bloombergs Pimm Fox and Kathleen Hayes on September 8 , 2016 , McAfee claimed that these incidents were fabricated , saying that Belize is a third-world banana republic and you can go down there and make any story you want if you pay your interviewees , which Showtime did . In March 2017 , it was reported that Glenn Ficarra and John Requa would direct a film about McAfee titled King of the Jungle , with a script by Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski . At various points , Johnny Depp , Michael Keaton , and Seth Rogen were reported to have been signed to roles in the film and later to have left the project . In November 2019 , Zac Efron was reported to be starring in the film . On May 12 , 2017 , McAfee was interviewed on ABCs 20/20 regarding the alleged murder of his neighbor , Greg Faull . McAfees wife , Janice , was interviewed in the segment as well . External links . - John McAfees website |
[
"Univac",
"Xerox"
] | easy | John McAfee was an employee for whom from 1970 to 1978? | /wiki/John_McAfee#P108#2 | John McAfee John David McAfee ( ; born September 18 , 1945 ) is an English-American computer programmer and businessman . He founded the software company McAfee Associates in 1987 and ran it until 1994 , when he resigned from the company . McAfee Associates achieved early success as the creator of McAfees first commercial antivirus software , and the business now produces a range of enterprise security software . The company was purchased by Intel in 2011 , though it still bears the McAfee brand name . McAfees wealth peaked in 2007 at $100 million , before his investments plummeted in the financial crisis of 2007–2008 . Since leaving McAfee Associates , he has founded the companies Tribal Voice ( makers of the PowWow chat program ) , QuorumEx and Future Tense Central , among others , and has been involved in leadership positions in the companies Everykey , MGT Capital Investments and Luxcore , among others . His personal and business interests include smartphone apps , cryptocurrency , yoga , and herbal antibiotics . He resided for a number of years in Belize , but returned to the United States in 2013 . McAfee is also a political activist . He unsuccessfully sought the Libertarian Party nomination for President of the United States in 2016 and 2020 . On October 6 , 2020 , McAfee was arrested in Spain over tax evasion charges . The charges were announced shortly after the US Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) revealed that it had brought civil charges against McAfee and that he could face 30 years in prison if convicted . Early life . McAfee was born in Cinderford , in the Forest of Dean , Gloucestershire , United Kingdom on a U.S . Army base to an American father , who was stationed there , and a British mother . He was raised in Salem , Virginia , US . McAfee has said he feels as much British as he is American . When McAfee was 15 , his father , an abusive alcoholic , committed suicide by gunshot . He received a bachelors degree in mathematics in 1967 from Roanoke College , which subsequently awarded him an honorary Sc.D . degree in 2008 . Ventures . Before McAfee Associates . McAfee was employed as a programmer by NASAs Institute for Space Studies in New York City from 1968 to 1970 . From there , he went to Univac as a software designer , and later to Xerox as an operating system architect . In 1978 , he joined Computer Sciences Corporation as a software consultant . He worked for consulting firm Booz Allen Hamilton from 1980–1982 . In the 1980s , while employed by Lockheed , McAfee received a copy of the Brain computer virus , and began developing software to combat viruses . McAfee Associates . In 1987 McAfee founded McAfee Associates , a computer anti-virus company . The company was incorporated in Delaware in 1992 , and McAfee resigned from the company in 1994 . Two years after McAfee Associates went public , McAfee sold his remaining stake in the company . Network Associates was formed in 1997 as a merger of McAfee Associates and Network General . The Network Associates company name was retained for seven years , when it was renamed McAfee , Inc . In August 2010 , Intel bought McAfee , maintaining the separate branding , until January 2014 , when it announced that McAfee-related products will be marketed as Intel Security . McAfee expressed his pleasure at the name change , saying , I am now everlastingly grateful to Intel for freeing me from this terrible association with the worst software on the planet . The unit was spun out of Intel in April 2017 as McAfee , LLC , as a joint venture between TPG Capital and Intel . After McAfee Associates . Other business ventures that were founded by McAfee include Tribal Voice , which developed one of the first instant messaging programs , PowWow . In 2000 , he invested in and joined the board of directors of Zone Labs , makers of firewall software , prior to its acquisition by Check Point Software in 2003 . In August 2009 , The New York Times reported that McAfees personal fortune had declined to $4 million from a peak of $100 million , the effect of the financial crisis of 2007–2008 on his investments . In 2009 , McAfee was interviewed in Belize for the CNBC special The Bubble Decade , in which it was reported that he had invested in and/or built many mansions in the USA that went unsold when the 2007 global recession hit . The report also discussed his quest to produce plants for possible medicinal uses on his land in Belize . In February 2010 , McAfee started the company QuorumEx , headquartered in Belize , which aimed to produce herbal antibiotics that disrupt quorum sensing in bacteria . In June 2013 , McAfee uploaded a parody video titled How to Uninstall McAfee Antivirus onto his YouTube channel . In the video , McAfee criticized McAfees antivirus software while snorting white powder , and being stroked and undressed by scantily clad women . The video has garnered over 9 million views . McAfee told Reuters that he made the video to ridicule the medias negative coverage of him . A spokesman for McAfee Inc . called the videos statements ludicrous . Also in 2013 , McAfee started the company Future Tense Central , which aimed to produce a secure computer network device called the D-Central . By 2016 , it was also serving as an incubator . In February 2014 , McAfee announced Cognizant , an application for smartphones , which displays information about the permissions of other installed applications . In April 2014 , Cognizant was renamed DCentral 1 , and an Android version of it was released for free on Google Play . At the DEF CON conference in Las Vegas , Nevada in August 2014 , he warned Americans not to use smartphones , suggesting apps are used to spy on clueless consumers who do not read privacy user agreements . In January 2016 , he became the chief evangelist for security startup Everykey . In February 2016 , McAfee received media attention by publicly volunteering to decrypt the iPhone used by the San Bernardino shooters , avoiding the need for Apple to build a backdoor . McAfee later admitted that his claims of how simple cracking the phone would be were a publicity stunt , though he still claimed he could pull it off . In May 2016 , McAfee was appointed chief executive chairman and CEO of MGT Capital Investments , a technology holding company . The company initially stated that it would rename itself John McAfee Global Technologies , although this plan was abandoned due to a dispute with Intel over rights to the McAfee name . McAfee changed MGTs focus from social gaming to cybersecurity , stating in an interview that anti-virus software is dead , it no longer works , and that the new paradigm has to stop the hacker getting in before they can do damage . Soon after joining MGT , McAfee claimed that he and his team had exploited a flaw in the Android operating system that allowed him to read encrypted messages from WhatsApp . Gizmodo investigated these claims , and reported that McAfee had sent reporters malware-infected phones to make this hack work . McAfee responded to these accusations , writing : Of course the phones had malware on them . How that malware got there is the story , which we will release after speaking with Google . It involves a serious flaw in the Android architecture . McAfee also moved MGT into the mining of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies , saying that it was intended both to make money for the company , and to increase MGTs expertise in dealing with blockchains , which he thought was important for cybersecurity . In August 2017 , McAfee stepped down as CEO , instead serving as MGTs chief cybersecurity visionary . In January 2018 , he left the company altogether . Both sides stated that the decision was amicable , with McAfee saying that he wanted to spend all of his time on cryptocurrencies , while the company stated that they were getting pressured by potential investors to disassociate themselves from McAfee . On August 13 , 2018 , McAfee took a position of CEO with Luxcore , a cryptocurrency company focused on enterprise solutions . Politics . Political positions . McAfee is a libertarian , advocating the decriminalization of cannabis , an end to the war on drugs , non-interventionism in foreign policy , a free market economy which does not redistribute wealth , and upholding free trade . McAfee supports abolishing the Transportation Security Administration . McAfee advocates increased cyber awareness , and more action against the threat of cyberwarfare . McAfee advocates religious liberty , saying that business owners should be able to deny service in circumstances that contradict their religious beliefs , and : No one is forcing you to buy anything or to choose one person over another . So why should I be forced to do anything if I am not harming you ? Its my choice to sell , your choice to buy . 2016 presidential campaign . On September 8 , 2015 , McAfee announced that he would seek the office of President of the United States in the 2016 presidential election , as the candidate of a newly formed political party called the Cyber Party . On December 24 , 2015 , he re-announced his candidacy bid saying that he would instead seek the presidential nomination of the Libertarian Party . On the campaign trail , McAfee consistently polled among the top three presidential candidates for his party with his rivals Gary Johnson and Austin Petersen . The three candidates appeared in the Libertarian Partys first nationally televised presidential debate on March 29 , 2016 . McAfee announced that his vice presidential choice would be the photographer , former commercial real estate broker , and Libertarian activist Judd Weiss . McAfee was the runner-up in the primaries but came in third at the 2016 Libertarian National Convention . Notable endorsements . - Adam Kokesh , talk show host and activist - John Moore , Nevada assemblyman - L . Neil Smith , science fiction author and activist 2020 presidential campaign . McAfee announced his second bid for president in June 2018 , for the 2020 presidential election . His main campaign issue is to promote the use of cryptocurrencies . He stated that he will either again seek the nomination of the Libertarian Party , or form his own party ; he ultimately ran as a Libertarian . In a tweet , on March 4 , 2020 , McAfee simultaneously suspended his 2020 presidential campaign and announced his campaign for the Libertarian party vice presidential nomination . The next day , he returned to the presidential field , reversing the suspension of his bid , as No one in the Libertarian Party Would [ sic ] consider me For Vice President . The next month , he endorsed Adam Kokesh ; he simultaneously became Kokeshs vice-presidential candidate . McAfee was again not nominated , losing to Jo Jorgensen and Spike Cohen for the vice-presidential slot . Other views . McAfee has contended that taxes are illegal and has claimed in 2019 that he had not filed a tax return since 2010 . He refers to himself as being a prime target of the U.S . Internal Revenue Service . In July 2017 , McAfee wrote on Twitter that he predicted that the price of one bitcoin would jump to $500,000 within three years , and If not , I will eat my own dick on national television . In November 2017 , he increased his prediction to $1 million . In January 2020 , however , he stated on Twitter that his previous predictions were simply A ruse to onboard new users , and that bitcoin had limited potential because it was an ancient technology . Personal life . The night after McAfee arrived in the United States after being deported from Guatemala in December 2012 , he was solicited by Janice Dyson , then a prostitute in South Beach ( Miami Beach ) . The two spent the night together . Despite Dyson being more than 30 years McAfees junior , McAfee and Dyson subsequently began a relationship , and married in 2013 . McAfee originally took up residence in Portland , Oregon in 2013 . In a 2012 article in Mensa Bulletin , the magazine of American Mensa , McAfee stated that being the developer of the first commercial anti-virus program has made him the most popular hacking target , confiding : Hackers see hacking me as a badge of honor . He added that for his own security , he has other people buy his computer equipment for him , uses pseudonyms for setting up computers and logging in , and changes his IP address several times a day . When asked on another occasion if he personally uses McAfees antivirus software , McAfee replied : I take it off , and , Its too annoying . McAfee claims that the former cocaine baron Boston George Jung is writing his official biography , No Domain . On February 8 , 2018 , McAfee claimed to reside in Lexington , Tennessee . Since December 2018 , McAfee has stated several times on Twitter that he has 47 biological children . Legal issues . On April 30 , 2012 , McAfees property in Orange Walk Town , Belize , was raided by the Gang Suppression Unit of the Belize Police Department . At that time , McAfee was in bed with a girlfriend . A GSU press release stated that McAfee was arrested for unlicensed drug manufacturing and possession of an unlicensed weapon . He was released without charge . In 2012 , Belize police spokesman , Raphael Martinez , confirmed that McAfee was neither convicted nor charged , only suspected . In January 2014 , McAfee claimed that when the Belizean government raided his property , it seized his assets , and that his house later burned down under suspicious circumstances . On November 12 , 2012 , Belize police started a search for McAfee as a person of interest in connection to the murder of American expatriate Gregory Viant Faull . Faull was found dead of a gunshot wound on November 11 , 2012 , at his home on the island of Ambergris Caye , the largest island in Belize . Faull was a neighbor of McAfees . In a November 2012 interview with Wired , McAfee said that he has always been afraid police would kill him , and thus refused their routine questions ; he has since evaded the Belizean authorities . Belizes prime minister , Dean Barrow , called McAfee extremely paranoid , even bonkers . McAfee fled Belize when he was sought for questioning concerning the murder . The magazine Vice accidentally gave away McAfees location at a Guatemalan resort in early December 2012 , when a photo taken by one of its journalists accompanying McAfee was posted with the EXIF geolocation metadata still attached . While in Guatemala , McAfee asked Chad Essley , an American cartoonist and animator , to set up a blog so that McAfee could write about his experience while on the run . McAfee then appeared publicly in Guatemala City , where he attempted to seek political asylum . On December 5 , 2012 , McAfee was arrested for illegally entering Guatemala . Shortly afterward , he was placed under arrest , and a board to review McAfees plea for asylum was formed . The committee denied his asylum , so he was taken from his holding facility to a detention center in order to await deportation to Belize . On December 6 , 2012 , Reuters and ABC News reported that McAfee had two minor heart attacks in a Guatemalan detention center and was hospitalized . McAfees lawyer stated that his client had not suffered heart attacks , but had instead suffered from high blood pressure and anxiety attacks . McAfee later said he had faked the heart attacks while being held in Guatemala , to buy time for his attorney to file a series of appeals that ultimately prevented his deportation to Belize , thus hastening the governments decision to send him back to the United States . On December 12 , 2012 , McAfee was released from detention in Guatemala , and deported to the United States . On August 2 , 2015 , McAfee was arrested in Henderson County , Tennessee , on charges of : one count of driving under the influence , and one count of possession of a firearm while intoxicated . On November 14 , 2018 , the Circuit Court in Orlando , Florida refused to dismiss a wrongful death lawsuit against McAfee for Faulls death . In January 2019 , McAfee announced that he was on the run from U.S . authorities , and living internationally on a boat following the convening of a Grand Jury to indict him , his wife , and four of his 2020 Presidential campaign workers on tax-related charges . The IRS has not independently confirmed the existence of these charges . In July 2019 , McAfee and members of his entourage were arrested while his yacht was docked at Puerto Plata , Dominican Republic , on suspicion of carrying high-caliber weapons and ammunition . They were held for four days before being released . On August 11 , 2020 , McAfee fabricated a hoax that he was arrested in Norway during the COVID-19 pandemic , after refusing to replace a lace thong with a more effective face mask . McAfee later posted a picture of himself to Twitter with a bruised eye , claiming that it occurred during this arrest . However , the photo of the alleged arrest shows an officer with the German word for police on their uniform , so it could not have been an arrest in Norway . The Augsburg Police later confirmed McAfee unsuccessfully attempted to enter Germany on that day , but was not arrested . On October 5 , 2020 , McAfee was arrested in Spain at the request of the U.S . Department of Justice for tax evasion . The indictment alleges he earned millions of dollars from 2014–18 , but has failed to file income tax returns . On October 6 , 2020 , the U.S . Securities and Exchange Commission filed a complaint alleging that McAfee had fraudulently promoted certain ICOs . According to the SEC , McAfee presented himself as an impartial investor when he promoted the ICOs , despite the fact that he was allegedly paid $23 million in digital assets in exchange for the promotions . On March 5 , 2021 , the U.S . Attorneys Office for the Southern District of New York announced that they had formally indicted McAfee and an executive adviser for allegedly fraudulently promoting certain cryptocurrencies and performing pump and dump schemes . McAfee is currently incarcerated in Spain , pending extradition to the United States . In the media . is a Showtime Networks documentary about the portion of McAfees life spent in Belize . It began airing in September 2016 . The documentary covers allegations of both the rape of McAfees former business partner , Allison Adonizio , and the murders of Belizean David Middleton and American expat Gregory Faull . In an interview with Bloombergs Pimm Fox and Kathleen Hayes on September 8 , 2016 , McAfee claimed that these incidents were fabricated , saying that Belize is a third-world banana republic and you can go down there and make any story you want if you pay your interviewees , which Showtime did . In March 2017 , it was reported that Glenn Ficarra and John Requa would direct a film about McAfee titled King of the Jungle , with a script by Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski . At various points , Johnny Depp , Michael Keaton , and Seth Rogen were reported to have been signed to roles in the film and later to have left the project . In November 2019 , Zac Efron was reported to be starring in the film . On May 12 , 2017 , McAfee was interviewed on ABCs 20/20 regarding the alleged murder of his neighbor , Greg Faull . McAfees wife , Janice , was interviewed in the segment as well . External links . - John McAfees website |
[
"Computer Sciences Corporation"
] | easy | Which employer did John McAfee work for from 1978 to 1980? | /wiki/John_McAfee#P108#3 | John McAfee John David McAfee ( ; born September 18 , 1945 ) is an English-American computer programmer and businessman . He founded the software company McAfee Associates in 1987 and ran it until 1994 , when he resigned from the company . McAfee Associates achieved early success as the creator of McAfees first commercial antivirus software , and the business now produces a range of enterprise security software . The company was purchased by Intel in 2011 , though it still bears the McAfee brand name . McAfees wealth peaked in 2007 at $100 million , before his investments plummeted in the financial crisis of 2007–2008 . Since leaving McAfee Associates , he has founded the companies Tribal Voice ( makers of the PowWow chat program ) , QuorumEx and Future Tense Central , among others , and has been involved in leadership positions in the companies Everykey , MGT Capital Investments and Luxcore , among others . His personal and business interests include smartphone apps , cryptocurrency , yoga , and herbal antibiotics . He resided for a number of years in Belize , but returned to the United States in 2013 . McAfee is also a political activist . He unsuccessfully sought the Libertarian Party nomination for President of the United States in 2016 and 2020 . On October 6 , 2020 , McAfee was arrested in Spain over tax evasion charges . The charges were announced shortly after the US Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) revealed that it had brought civil charges against McAfee and that he could face 30 years in prison if convicted . Early life . McAfee was born in Cinderford , in the Forest of Dean , Gloucestershire , United Kingdom on a U.S . Army base to an American father , who was stationed there , and a British mother . He was raised in Salem , Virginia , US . McAfee has said he feels as much British as he is American . When McAfee was 15 , his father , an abusive alcoholic , committed suicide by gunshot . He received a bachelors degree in mathematics in 1967 from Roanoke College , which subsequently awarded him an honorary Sc.D . degree in 2008 . Ventures . Before McAfee Associates . McAfee was employed as a programmer by NASAs Institute for Space Studies in New York City from 1968 to 1970 . From there , he went to Univac as a software designer , and later to Xerox as an operating system architect . In 1978 , he joined Computer Sciences Corporation as a software consultant . He worked for consulting firm Booz Allen Hamilton from 1980–1982 . In the 1980s , while employed by Lockheed , McAfee received a copy of the Brain computer virus , and began developing software to combat viruses . McAfee Associates . In 1987 McAfee founded McAfee Associates , a computer anti-virus company . The company was incorporated in Delaware in 1992 , and McAfee resigned from the company in 1994 . Two years after McAfee Associates went public , McAfee sold his remaining stake in the company . Network Associates was formed in 1997 as a merger of McAfee Associates and Network General . The Network Associates company name was retained for seven years , when it was renamed McAfee , Inc . In August 2010 , Intel bought McAfee , maintaining the separate branding , until January 2014 , when it announced that McAfee-related products will be marketed as Intel Security . McAfee expressed his pleasure at the name change , saying , I am now everlastingly grateful to Intel for freeing me from this terrible association with the worst software on the planet . The unit was spun out of Intel in April 2017 as McAfee , LLC , as a joint venture between TPG Capital and Intel . After McAfee Associates . Other business ventures that were founded by McAfee include Tribal Voice , which developed one of the first instant messaging programs , PowWow . In 2000 , he invested in and joined the board of directors of Zone Labs , makers of firewall software , prior to its acquisition by Check Point Software in 2003 . In August 2009 , The New York Times reported that McAfees personal fortune had declined to $4 million from a peak of $100 million , the effect of the financial crisis of 2007–2008 on his investments . In 2009 , McAfee was interviewed in Belize for the CNBC special The Bubble Decade , in which it was reported that he had invested in and/or built many mansions in the USA that went unsold when the 2007 global recession hit . The report also discussed his quest to produce plants for possible medicinal uses on his land in Belize . In February 2010 , McAfee started the company QuorumEx , headquartered in Belize , which aimed to produce herbal antibiotics that disrupt quorum sensing in bacteria . In June 2013 , McAfee uploaded a parody video titled How to Uninstall McAfee Antivirus onto his YouTube channel . In the video , McAfee criticized McAfees antivirus software while snorting white powder , and being stroked and undressed by scantily clad women . The video has garnered over 9 million views . McAfee told Reuters that he made the video to ridicule the medias negative coverage of him . A spokesman for McAfee Inc . called the videos statements ludicrous . Also in 2013 , McAfee started the company Future Tense Central , which aimed to produce a secure computer network device called the D-Central . By 2016 , it was also serving as an incubator . In February 2014 , McAfee announced Cognizant , an application for smartphones , which displays information about the permissions of other installed applications . In April 2014 , Cognizant was renamed DCentral 1 , and an Android version of it was released for free on Google Play . At the DEF CON conference in Las Vegas , Nevada in August 2014 , he warned Americans not to use smartphones , suggesting apps are used to spy on clueless consumers who do not read privacy user agreements . In January 2016 , he became the chief evangelist for security startup Everykey . In February 2016 , McAfee received media attention by publicly volunteering to decrypt the iPhone used by the San Bernardino shooters , avoiding the need for Apple to build a backdoor . McAfee later admitted that his claims of how simple cracking the phone would be were a publicity stunt , though he still claimed he could pull it off . In May 2016 , McAfee was appointed chief executive chairman and CEO of MGT Capital Investments , a technology holding company . The company initially stated that it would rename itself John McAfee Global Technologies , although this plan was abandoned due to a dispute with Intel over rights to the McAfee name . McAfee changed MGTs focus from social gaming to cybersecurity , stating in an interview that anti-virus software is dead , it no longer works , and that the new paradigm has to stop the hacker getting in before they can do damage . Soon after joining MGT , McAfee claimed that he and his team had exploited a flaw in the Android operating system that allowed him to read encrypted messages from WhatsApp . Gizmodo investigated these claims , and reported that McAfee had sent reporters malware-infected phones to make this hack work . McAfee responded to these accusations , writing : Of course the phones had malware on them . How that malware got there is the story , which we will release after speaking with Google . It involves a serious flaw in the Android architecture . McAfee also moved MGT into the mining of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies , saying that it was intended both to make money for the company , and to increase MGTs expertise in dealing with blockchains , which he thought was important for cybersecurity . In August 2017 , McAfee stepped down as CEO , instead serving as MGTs chief cybersecurity visionary . In January 2018 , he left the company altogether . Both sides stated that the decision was amicable , with McAfee saying that he wanted to spend all of his time on cryptocurrencies , while the company stated that they were getting pressured by potential investors to disassociate themselves from McAfee . On August 13 , 2018 , McAfee took a position of CEO with Luxcore , a cryptocurrency company focused on enterprise solutions . Politics . Political positions . McAfee is a libertarian , advocating the decriminalization of cannabis , an end to the war on drugs , non-interventionism in foreign policy , a free market economy which does not redistribute wealth , and upholding free trade . McAfee supports abolishing the Transportation Security Administration . McAfee advocates increased cyber awareness , and more action against the threat of cyberwarfare . McAfee advocates religious liberty , saying that business owners should be able to deny service in circumstances that contradict their religious beliefs , and : No one is forcing you to buy anything or to choose one person over another . So why should I be forced to do anything if I am not harming you ? Its my choice to sell , your choice to buy . 2016 presidential campaign . On September 8 , 2015 , McAfee announced that he would seek the office of President of the United States in the 2016 presidential election , as the candidate of a newly formed political party called the Cyber Party . On December 24 , 2015 , he re-announced his candidacy bid saying that he would instead seek the presidential nomination of the Libertarian Party . On the campaign trail , McAfee consistently polled among the top three presidential candidates for his party with his rivals Gary Johnson and Austin Petersen . The three candidates appeared in the Libertarian Partys first nationally televised presidential debate on March 29 , 2016 . McAfee announced that his vice presidential choice would be the photographer , former commercial real estate broker , and Libertarian activist Judd Weiss . McAfee was the runner-up in the primaries but came in third at the 2016 Libertarian National Convention . Notable endorsements . - Adam Kokesh , talk show host and activist - John Moore , Nevada assemblyman - L . Neil Smith , science fiction author and activist 2020 presidential campaign . McAfee announced his second bid for president in June 2018 , for the 2020 presidential election . His main campaign issue is to promote the use of cryptocurrencies . He stated that he will either again seek the nomination of the Libertarian Party , or form his own party ; he ultimately ran as a Libertarian . In a tweet , on March 4 , 2020 , McAfee simultaneously suspended his 2020 presidential campaign and announced his campaign for the Libertarian party vice presidential nomination . The next day , he returned to the presidential field , reversing the suspension of his bid , as No one in the Libertarian Party Would [ sic ] consider me For Vice President . The next month , he endorsed Adam Kokesh ; he simultaneously became Kokeshs vice-presidential candidate . McAfee was again not nominated , losing to Jo Jorgensen and Spike Cohen for the vice-presidential slot . Other views . McAfee has contended that taxes are illegal and has claimed in 2019 that he had not filed a tax return since 2010 . He refers to himself as being a prime target of the U.S . Internal Revenue Service . In July 2017 , McAfee wrote on Twitter that he predicted that the price of one bitcoin would jump to $500,000 within three years , and If not , I will eat my own dick on national television . In November 2017 , he increased his prediction to $1 million . In January 2020 , however , he stated on Twitter that his previous predictions were simply A ruse to onboard new users , and that bitcoin had limited potential because it was an ancient technology . Personal life . The night after McAfee arrived in the United States after being deported from Guatemala in December 2012 , he was solicited by Janice Dyson , then a prostitute in South Beach ( Miami Beach ) . The two spent the night together . Despite Dyson being more than 30 years McAfees junior , McAfee and Dyson subsequently began a relationship , and married in 2013 . McAfee originally took up residence in Portland , Oregon in 2013 . In a 2012 article in Mensa Bulletin , the magazine of American Mensa , McAfee stated that being the developer of the first commercial anti-virus program has made him the most popular hacking target , confiding : Hackers see hacking me as a badge of honor . He added that for his own security , he has other people buy his computer equipment for him , uses pseudonyms for setting up computers and logging in , and changes his IP address several times a day . When asked on another occasion if he personally uses McAfees antivirus software , McAfee replied : I take it off , and , Its too annoying . McAfee claims that the former cocaine baron Boston George Jung is writing his official biography , No Domain . On February 8 , 2018 , McAfee claimed to reside in Lexington , Tennessee . Since December 2018 , McAfee has stated several times on Twitter that he has 47 biological children . Legal issues . On April 30 , 2012 , McAfees property in Orange Walk Town , Belize , was raided by the Gang Suppression Unit of the Belize Police Department . At that time , McAfee was in bed with a girlfriend . A GSU press release stated that McAfee was arrested for unlicensed drug manufacturing and possession of an unlicensed weapon . He was released without charge . In 2012 , Belize police spokesman , Raphael Martinez , confirmed that McAfee was neither convicted nor charged , only suspected . In January 2014 , McAfee claimed that when the Belizean government raided his property , it seized his assets , and that his house later burned down under suspicious circumstances . On November 12 , 2012 , Belize police started a search for McAfee as a person of interest in connection to the murder of American expatriate Gregory Viant Faull . Faull was found dead of a gunshot wound on November 11 , 2012 , at his home on the island of Ambergris Caye , the largest island in Belize . Faull was a neighbor of McAfees . In a November 2012 interview with Wired , McAfee said that he has always been afraid police would kill him , and thus refused their routine questions ; he has since evaded the Belizean authorities . Belizes prime minister , Dean Barrow , called McAfee extremely paranoid , even bonkers . McAfee fled Belize when he was sought for questioning concerning the murder . The magazine Vice accidentally gave away McAfees location at a Guatemalan resort in early December 2012 , when a photo taken by one of its journalists accompanying McAfee was posted with the EXIF geolocation metadata still attached . While in Guatemala , McAfee asked Chad Essley , an American cartoonist and animator , to set up a blog so that McAfee could write about his experience while on the run . McAfee then appeared publicly in Guatemala City , where he attempted to seek political asylum . On December 5 , 2012 , McAfee was arrested for illegally entering Guatemala . Shortly afterward , he was placed under arrest , and a board to review McAfees plea for asylum was formed . The committee denied his asylum , so he was taken from his holding facility to a detention center in order to await deportation to Belize . On December 6 , 2012 , Reuters and ABC News reported that McAfee had two minor heart attacks in a Guatemalan detention center and was hospitalized . McAfees lawyer stated that his client had not suffered heart attacks , but had instead suffered from high blood pressure and anxiety attacks . McAfee later said he had faked the heart attacks while being held in Guatemala , to buy time for his attorney to file a series of appeals that ultimately prevented his deportation to Belize , thus hastening the governments decision to send him back to the United States . On December 12 , 2012 , McAfee was released from detention in Guatemala , and deported to the United States . On August 2 , 2015 , McAfee was arrested in Henderson County , Tennessee , on charges of : one count of driving under the influence , and one count of possession of a firearm while intoxicated . On November 14 , 2018 , the Circuit Court in Orlando , Florida refused to dismiss a wrongful death lawsuit against McAfee for Faulls death . In January 2019 , McAfee announced that he was on the run from U.S . authorities , and living internationally on a boat following the convening of a Grand Jury to indict him , his wife , and four of his 2020 Presidential campaign workers on tax-related charges . The IRS has not independently confirmed the existence of these charges . In July 2019 , McAfee and members of his entourage were arrested while his yacht was docked at Puerto Plata , Dominican Republic , on suspicion of carrying high-caliber weapons and ammunition . They were held for four days before being released . On August 11 , 2020 , McAfee fabricated a hoax that he was arrested in Norway during the COVID-19 pandemic , after refusing to replace a lace thong with a more effective face mask . McAfee later posted a picture of himself to Twitter with a bruised eye , claiming that it occurred during this arrest . However , the photo of the alleged arrest shows an officer with the German word for police on their uniform , so it could not have been an arrest in Norway . The Augsburg Police later confirmed McAfee unsuccessfully attempted to enter Germany on that day , but was not arrested . On October 5 , 2020 , McAfee was arrested in Spain at the request of the U.S . Department of Justice for tax evasion . The indictment alleges he earned millions of dollars from 2014–18 , but has failed to file income tax returns . On October 6 , 2020 , the U.S . Securities and Exchange Commission filed a complaint alleging that McAfee had fraudulently promoted certain ICOs . According to the SEC , McAfee presented himself as an impartial investor when he promoted the ICOs , despite the fact that he was allegedly paid $23 million in digital assets in exchange for the promotions . On March 5 , 2021 , the U.S . Attorneys Office for the Southern District of New York announced that they had formally indicted McAfee and an executive adviser for allegedly fraudulently promoting certain cryptocurrencies and performing pump and dump schemes . McAfee is currently incarcerated in Spain , pending extradition to the United States . In the media . is a Showtime Networks documentary about the portion of McAfees life spent in Belize . It began airing in September 2016 . The documentary covers allegations of both the rape of McAfees former business partner , Allison Adonizio , and the murders of Belizean David Middleton and American expat Gregory Faull . In an interview with Bloombergs Pimm Fox and Kathleen Hayes on September 8 , 2016 , McAfee claimed that these incidents were fabricated , saying that Belize is a third-world banana republic and you can go down there and make any story you want if you pay your interviewees , which Showtime did . In March 2017 , it was reported that Glenn Ficarra and John Requa would direct a film about McAfee titled King of the Jungle , with a script by Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski . At various points , Johnny Depp , Michael Keaton , and Seth Rogen were reported to have been signed to roles in the film and later to have left the project . In November 2019 , Zac Efron was reported to be starring in the film . On May 12 , 2017 , McAfee was interviewed on ABCs 20/20 regarding the alleged murder of his neighbor , Greg Faull . McAfees wife , Janice , was interviewed in the segment as well . External links . - John McAfees website |
[
"Booz Allen Hamilton"
] | easy | John McAfee was an employee for whom from 1980 to 1982? | /wiki/John_McAfee#P108#4 | John McAfee John David McAfee ( ; born September 18 , 1945 ) is an English-American computer programmer and businessman . He founded the software company McAfee Associates in 1987 and ran it until 1994 , when he resigned from the company . McAfee Associates achieved early success as the creator of McAfees first commercial antivirus software , and the business now produces a range of enterprise security software . The company was purchased by Intel in 2011 , though it still bears the McAfee brand name . McAfees wealth peaked in 2007 at $100 million , before his investments plummeted in the financial crisis of 2007–2008 . Since leaving McAfee Associates , he has founded the companies Tribal Voice ( makers of the PowWow chat program ) , QuorumEx and Future Tense Central , among others , and has been involved in leadership positions in the companies Everykey , MGT Capital Investments and Luxcore , among others . His personal and business interests include smartphone apps , cryptocurrency , yoga , and herbal antibiotics . He resided for a number of years in Belize , but returned to the United States in 2013 . McAfee is also a political activist . He unsuccessfully sought the Libertarian Party nomination for President of the United States in 2016 and 2020 . On October 6 , 2020 , McAfee was arrested in Spain over tax evasion charges . The charges were announced shortly after the US Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) revealed that it had brought civil charges against McAfee and that he could face 30 years in prison if convicted . Early life . McAfee was born in Cinderford , in the Forest of Dean , Gloucestershire , United Kingdom on a U.S . Army base to an American father , who was stationed there , and a British mother . He was raised in Salem , Virginia , US . McAfee has said he feels as much British as he is American . When McAfee was 15 , his father , an abusive alcoholic , committed suicide by gunshot . He received a bachelors degree in mathematics in 1967 from Roanoke College , which subsequently awarded him an honorary Sc.D . degree in 2008 . Ventures . Before McAfee Associates . McAfee was employed as a programmer by NASAs Institute for Space Studies in New York City from 1968 to 1970 . From there , he went to Univac as a software designer , and later to Xerox as an operating system architect . In 1978 , he joined Computer Sciences Corporation as a software consultant . He worked for consulting firm Booz Allen Hamilton from 1980–1982 . In the 1980s , while employed by Lockheed , McAfee received a copy of the Brain computer virus , and began developing software to combat viruses . McAfee Associates . In 1987 McAfee founded McAfee Associates , a computer anti-virus company . The company was incorporated in Delaware in 1992 , and McAfee resigned from the company in 1994 . Two years after McAfee Associates went public , McAfee sold his remaining stake in the company . Network Associates was formed in 1997 as a merger of McAfee Associates and Network General . The Network Associates company name was retained for seven years , when it was renamed McAfee , Inc . In August 2010 , Intel bought McAfee , maintaining the separate branding , until January 2014 , when it announced that McAfee-related products will be marketed as Intel Security . McAfee expressed his pleasure at the name change , saying , I am now everlastingly grateful to Intel for freeing me from this terrible association with the worst software on the planet . The unit was spun out of Intel in April 2017 as McAfee , LLC , as a joint venture between TPG Capital and Intel . After McAfee Associates . Other business ventures that were founded by McAfee include Tribal Voice , which developed one of the first instant messaging programs , PowWow . In 2000 , he invested in and joined the board of directors of Zone Labs , makers of firewall software , prior to its acquisition by Check Point Software in 2003 . In August 2009 , The New York Times reported that McAfees personal fortune had declined to $4 million from a peak of $100 million , the effect of the financial crisis of 2007–2008 on his investments . In 2009 , McAfee was interviewed in Belize for the CNBC special The Bubble Decade , in which it was reported that he had invested in and/or built many mansions in the USA that went unsold when the 2007 global recession hit . The report also discussed his quest to produce plants for possible medicinal uses on his land in Belize . In February 2010 , McAfee started the company QuorumEx , headquartered in Belize , which aimed to produce herbal antibiotics that disrupt quorum sensing in bacteria . In June 2013 , McAfee uploaded a parody video titled How to Uninstall McAfee Antivirus onto his YouTube channel . In the video , McAfee criticized McAfees antivirus software while snorting white powder , and being stroked and undressed by scantily clad women . The video has garnered over 9 million views . McAfee told Reuters that he made the video to ridicule the medias negative coverage of him . A spokesman for McAfee Inc . called the videos statements ludicrous . Also in 2013 , McAfee started the company Future Tense Central , which aimed to produce a secure computer network device called the D-Central . By 2016 , it was also serving as an incubator . In February 2014 , McAfee announced Cognizant , an application for smartphones , which displays information about the permissions of other installed applications . In April 2014 , Cognizant was renamed DCentral 1 , and an Android version of it was released for free on Google Play . At the DEF CON conference in Las Vegas , Nevada in August 2014 , he warned Americans not to use smartphones , suggesting apps are used to spy on clueless consumers who do not read privacy user agreements . In January 2016 , he became the chief evangelist for security startup Everykey . In February 2016 , McAfee received media attention by publicly volunteering to decrypt the iPhone used by the San Bernardino shooters , avoiding the need for Apple to build a backdoor . McAfee later admitted that his claims of how simple cracking the phone would be were a publicity stunt , though he still claimed he could pull it off . In May 2016 , McAfee was appointed chief executive chairman and CEO of MGT Capital Investments , a technology holding company . The company initially stated that it would rename itself John McAfee Global Technologies , although this plan was abandoned due to a dispute with Intel over rights to the McAfee name . McAfee changed MGTs focus from social gaming to cybersecurity , stating in an interview that anti-virus software is dead , it no longer works , and that the new paradigm has to stop the hacker getting in before they can do damage . Soon after joining MGT , McAfee claimed that he and his team had exploited a flaw in the Android operating system that allowed him to read encrypted messages from WhatsApp . Gizmodo investigated these claims , and reported that McAfee had sent reporters malware-infected phones to make this hack work . McAfee responded to these accusations , writing : Of course the phones had malware on them . How that malware got there is the story , which we will release after speaking with Google . It involves a serious flaw in the Android architecture . McAfee also moved MGT into the mining of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies , saying that it was intended both to make money for the company , and to increase MGTs expertise in dealing with blockchains , which he thought was important for cybersecurity . In August 2017 , McAfee stepped down as CEO , instead serving as MGTs chief cybersecurity visionary . In January 2018 , he left the company altogether . Both sides stated that the decision was amicable , with McAfee saying that he wanted to spend all of his time on cryptocurrencies , while the company stated that they were getting pressured by potential investors to disassociate themselves from McAfee . On August 13 , 2018 , McAfee took a position of CEO with Luxcore , a cryptocurrency company focused on enterprise solutions . Politics . Political positions . McAfee is a libertarian , advocating the decriminalization of cannabis , an end to the war on drugs , non-interventionism in foreign policy , a free market economy which does not redistribute wealth , and upholding free trade . McAfee supports abolishing the Transportation Security Administration . McAfee advocates increased cyber awareness , and more action against the threat of cyberwarfare . McAfee advocates religious liberty , saying that business owners should be able to deny service in circumstances that contradict their religious beliefs , and : No one is forcing you to buy anything or to choose one person over another . So why should I be forced to do anything if I am not harming you ? Its my choice to sell , your choice to buy . 2016 presidential campaign . On September 8 , 2015 , McAfee announced that he would seek the office of President of the United States in the 2016 presidential election , as the candidate of a newly formed political party called the Cyber Party . On December 24 , 2015 , he re-announced his candidacy bid saying that he would instead seek the presidential nomination of the Libertarian Party . On the campaign trail , McAfee consistently polled among the top three presidential candidates for his party with his rivals Gary Johnson and Austin Petersen . The three candidates appeared in the Libertarian Partys first nationally televised presidential debate on March 29 , 2016 . McAfee announced that his vice presidential choice would be the photographer , former commercial real estate broker , and Libertarian activist Judd Weiss . McAfee was the runner-up in the primaries but came in third at the 2016 Libertarian National Convention . Notable endorsements . - Adam Kokesh , talk show host and activist - John Moore , Nevada assemblyman - L . Neil Smith , science fiction author and activist 2020 presidential campaign . McAfee announced his second bid for president in June 2018 , for the 2020 presidential election . His main campaign issue is to promote the use of cryptocurrencies . He stated that he will either again seek the nomination of the Libertarian Party , or form his own party ; he ultimately ran as a Libertarian . In a tweet , on March 4 , 2020 , McAfee simultaneously suspended his 2020 presidential campaign and announced his campaign for the Libertarian party vice presidential nomination . The next day , he returned to the presidential field , reversing the suspension of his bid , as No one in the Libertarian Party Would [ sic ] consider me For Vice President . The next month , he endorsed Adam Kokesh ; he simultaneously became Kokeshs vice-presidential candidate . McAfee was again not nominated , losing to Jo Jorgensen and Spike Cohen for the vice-presidential slot . Other views . McAfee has contended that taxes are illegal and has claimed in 2019 that he had not filed a tax return since 2010 . He refers to himself as being a prime target of the U.S . Internal Revenue Service . In July 2017 , McAfee wrote on Twitter that he predicted that the price of one bitcoin would jump to $500,000 within three years , and If not , I will eat my own dick on national television . In November 2017 , he increased his prediction to $1 million . In January 2020 , however , he stated on Twitter that his previous predictions were simply A ruse to onboard new users , and that bitcoin had limited potential because it was an ancient technology . Personal life . The night after McAfee arrived in the United States after being deported from Guatemala in December 2012 , he was solicited by Janice Dyson , then a prostitute in South Beach ( Miami Beach ) . The two spent the night together . Despite Dyson being more than 30 years McAfees junior , McAfee and Dyson subsequently began a relationship , and married in 2013 . McAfee originally took up residence in Portland , Oregon in 2013 . In a 2012 article in Mensa Bulletin , the magazine of American Mensa , McAfee stated that being the developer of the first commercial anti-virus program has made him the most popular hacking target , confiding : Hackers see hacking me as a badge of honor . He added that for his own security , he has other people buy his computer equipment for him , uses pseudonyms for setting up computers and logging in , and changes his IP address several times a day . When asked on another occasion if he personally uses McAfees antivirus software , McAfee replied : I take it off , and , Its too annoying . McAfee claims that the former cocaine baron Boston George Jung is writing his official biography , No Domain . On February 8 , 2018 , McAfee claimed to reside in Lexington , Tennessee . Since December 2018 , McAfee has stated several times on Twitter that he has 47 biological children . Legal issues . On April 30 , 2012 , McAfees property in Orange Walk Town , Belize , was raided by the Gang Suppression Unit of the Belize Police Department . At that time , McAfee was in bed with a girlfriend . A GSU press release stated that McAfee was arrested for unlicensed drug manufacturing and possession of an unlicensed weapon . He was released without charge . In 2012 , Belize police spokesman , Raphael Martinez , confirmed that McAfee was neither convicted nor charged , only suspected . In January 2014 , McAfee claimed that when the Belizean government raided his property , it seized his assets , and that his house later burned down under suspicious circumstances . On November 12 , 2012 , Belize police started a search for McAfee as a person of interest in connection to the murder of American expatriate Gregory Viant Faull . Faull was found dead of a gunshot wound on November 11 , 2012 , at his home on the island of Ambergris Caye , the largest island in Belize . Faull was a neighbor of McAfees . In a November 2012 interview with Wired , McAfee said that he has always been afraid police would kill him , and thus refused their routine questions ; he has since evaded the Belizean authorities . Belizes prime minister , Dean Barrow , called McAfee extremely paranoid , even bonkers . McAfee fled Belize when he was sought for questioning concerning the murder . The magazine Vice accidentally gave away McAfees location at a Guatemalan resort in early December 2012 , when a photo taken by one of its journalists accompanying McAfee was posted with the EXIF geolocation metadata still attached . While in Guatemala , McAfee asked Chad Essley , an American cartoonist and animator , to set up a blog so that McAfee could write about his experience while on the run . McAfee then appeared publicly in Guatemala City , where he attempted to seek political asylum . On December 5 , 2012 , McAfee was arrested for illegally entering Guatemala . Shortly afterward , he was placed under arrest , and a board to review McAfees plea for asylum was formed . The committee denied his asylum , so he was taken from his holding facility to a detention center in order to await deportation to Belize . On December 6 , 2012 , Reuters and ABC News reported that McAfee had two minor heart attacks in a Guatemalan detention center and was hospitalized . McAfees lawyer stated that his client had not suffered heart attacks , but had instead suffered from high blood pressure and anxiety attacks . McAfee later said he had faked the heart attacks while being held in Guatemala , to buy time for his attorney to file a series of appeals that ultimately prevented his deportation to Belize , thus hastening the governments decision to send him back to the United States . On December 12 , 2012 , McAfee was released from detention in Guatemala , and deported to the United States . On August 2 , 2015 , McAfee was arrested in Henderson County , Tennessee , on charges of : one count of driving under the influence , and one count of possession of a firearm while intoxicated . On November 14 , 2018 , the Circuit Court in Orlando , Florida refused to dismiss a wrongful death lawsuit against McAfee for Faulls death . In January 2019 , McAfee announced that he was on the run from U.S . authorities , and living internationally on a boat following the convening of a Grand Jury to indict him , his wife , and four of his 2020 Presidential campaign workers on tax-related charges . The IRS has not independently confirmed the existence of these charges . In July 2019 , McAfee and members of his entourage were arrested while his yacht was docked at Puerto Plata , Dominican Republic , on suspicion of carrying high-caliber weapons and ammunition . They were held for four days before being released . On August 11 , 2020 , McAfee fabricated a hoax that he was arrested in Norway during the COVID-19 pandemic , after refusing to replace a lace thong with a more effective face mask . McAfee later posted a picture of himself to Twitter with a bruised eye , claiming that it occurred during this arrest . However , the photo of the alleged arrest shows an officer with the German word for police on their uniform , so it could not have been an arrest in Norway . The Augsburg Police later confirmed McAfee unsuccessfully attempted to enter Germany on that day , but was not arrested . On October 5 , 2020 , McAfee was arrested in Spain at the request of the U.S . Department of Justice for tax evasion . The indictment alleges he earned millions of dollars from 2014–18 , but has failed to file income tax returns . On October 6 , 2020 , the U.S . Securities and Exchange Commission filed a complaint alleging that McAfee had fraudulently promoted certain ICOs . According to the SEC , McAfee presented himself as an impartial investor when he promoted the ICOs , despite the fact that he was allegedly paid $23 million in digital assets in exchange for the promotions . On March 5 , 2021 , the U.S . Attorneys Office for the Southern District of New York announced that they had formally indicted McAfee and an executive adviser for allegedly fraudulently promoting certain cryptocurrencies and performing pump and dump schemes . McAfee is currently incarcerated in Spain , pending extradition to the United States . In the media . is a Showtime Networks documentary about the portion of McAfees life spent in Belize . It began airing in September 2016 . The documentary covers allegations of both the rape of McAfees former business partner , Allison Adonizio , and the murders of Belizean David Middleton and American expat Gregory Faull . In an interview with Bloombergs Pimm Fox and Kathleen Hayes on September 8 , 2016 , McAfee claimed that these incidents were fabricated , saying that Belize is a third-world banana republic and you can go down there and make any story you want if you pay your interviewees , which Showtime did . In March 2017 , it was reported that Glenn Ficarra and John Requa would direct a film about McAfee titled King of the Jungle , with a script by Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski . At various points , Johnny Depp , Michael Keaton , and Seth Rogen were reported to have been signed to roles in the film and later to have left the project . In November 2019 , Zac Efron was reported to be starring in the film . On May 12 , 2017 , McAfee was interviewed on ABCs 20/20 regarding the alleged murder of his neighbor , Greg Faull . McAfees wife , Janice , was interviewed in the segment as well . External links . - John McAfees website |
[
"McAfee Associates"
] | easy | Who did John McAfee work for from 1987 to 1989? | /wiki/John_McAfee#P108#5 | John McAfee John David McAfee ( ; born September 18 , 1945 ) is an English-American computer programmer and businessman . He founded the software company McAfee Associates in 1987 and ran it until 1994 , when he resigned from the company . McAfee Associates achieved early success as the creator of McAfees first commercial antivirus software , and the business now produces a range of enterprise security software . The company was purchased by Intel in 2011 , though it still bears the McAfee brand name . McAfees wealth peaked in 2007 at $100 million , before his investments plummeted in the financial crisis of 2007–2008 . Since leaving McAfee Associates , he has founded the companies Tribal Voice ( makers of the PowWow chat program ) , QuorumEx and Future Tense Central , among others , and has been involved in leadership positions in the companies Everykey , MGT Capital Investments and Luxcore , among others . His personal and business interests include smartphone apps , cryptocurrency , yoga , and herbal antibiotics . He resided for a number of years in Belize , but returned to the United States in 2013 . McAfee is also a political activist . He unsuccessfully sought the Libertarian Party nomination for President of the United States in 2016 and 2020 . On October 6 , 2020 , McAfee was arrested in Spain over tax evasion charges . The charges were announced shortly after the US Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) revealed that it had brought civil charges against McAfee and that he could face 30 years in prison if convicted . Early life . McAfee was born in Cinderford , in the Forest of Dean , Gloucestershire , United Kingdom on a U.S . Army base to an American father , who was stationed there , and a British mother . He was raised in Salem , Virginia , US . McAfee has said he feels as much British as he is American . When McAfee was 15 , his father , an abusive alcoholic , committed suicide by gunshot . He received a bachelors degree in mathematics in 1967 from Roanoke College , which subsequently awarded him an honorary Sc.D . degree in 2008 . Ventures . Before McAfee Associates . McAfee was employed as a programmer by NASAs Institute for Space Studies in New York City from 1968 to 1970 . From there , he went to Univac as a software designer , and later to Xerox as an operating system architect . In 1978 , he joined Computer Sciences Corporation as a software consultant . He worked for consulting firm Booz Allen Hamilton from 1980–1982 . In the 1980s , while employed by Lockheed , McAfee received a copy of the Brain computer virus , and began developing software to combat viruses . McAfee Associates . In 1987 McAfee founded McAfee Associates , a computer anti-virus company . The company was incorporated in Delaware in 1992 , and McAfee resigned from the company in 1994 . Two years after McAfee Associates went public , McAfee sold his remaining stake in the company . Network Associates was formed in 1997 as a merger of McAfee Associates and Network General . The Network Associates company name was retained for seven years , when it was renamed McAfee , Inc . In August 2010 , Intel bought McAfee , maintaining the separate branding , until January 2014 , when it announced that McAfee-related products will be marketed as Intel Security . McAfee expressed his pleasure at the name change , saying , I am now everlastingly grateful to Intel for freeing me from this terrible association with the worst software on the planet . The unit was spun out of Intel in April 2017 as McAfee , LLC , as a joint venture between TPG Capital and Intel . After McAfee Associates . Other business ventures that were founded by McAfee include Tribal Voice , which developed one of the first instant messaging programs , PowWow . In 2000 , he invested in and joined the board of directors of Zone Labs , makers of firewall software , prior to its acquisition by Check Point Software in 2003 . In August 2009 , The New York Times reported that McAfees personal fortune had declined to $4 million from a peak of $100 million , the effect of the financial crisis of 2007–2008 on his investments . In 2009 , McAfee was interviewed in Belize for the CNBC special The Bubble Decade , in which it was reported that he had invested in and/or built many mansions in the USA that went unsold when the 2007 global recession hit . The report also discussed his quest to produce plants for possible medicinal uses on his land in Belize . In February 2010 , McAfee started the company QuorumEx , headquartered in Belize , which aimed to produce herbal antibiotics that disrupt quorum sensing in bacteria . In June 2013 , McAfee uploaded a parody video titled How to Uninstall McAfee Antivirus onto his YouTube channel . In the video , McAfee criticized McAfees antivirus software while snorting white powder , and being stroked and undressed by scantily clad women . The video has garnered over 9 million views . McAfee told Reuters that he made the video to ridicule the medias negative coverage of him . A spokesman for McAfee Inc . called the videos statements ludicrous . Also in 2013 , McAfee started the company Future Tense Central , which aimed to produce a secure computer network device called the D-Central . By 2016 , it was also serving as an incubator . In February 2014 , McAfee announced Cognizant , an application for smartphones , which displays information about the permissions of other installed applications . In April 2014 , Cognizant was renamed DCentral 1 , and an Android version of it was released for free on Google Play . At the DEF CON conference in Las Vegas , Nevada in August 2014 , he warned Americans not to use smartphones , suggesting apps are used to spy on clueless consumers who do not read privacy user agreements . In January 2016 , he became the chief evangelist for security startup Everykey . In February 2016 , McAfee received media attention by publicly volunteering to decrypt the iPhone used by the San Bernardino shooters , avoiding the need for Apple to build a backdoor . McAfee later admitted that his claims of how simple cracking the phone would be were a publicity stunt , though he still claimed he could pull it off . In May 2016 , McAfee was appointed chief executive chairman and CEO of MGT Capital Investments , a technology holding company . The company initially stated that it would rename itself John McAfee Global Technologies , although this plan was abandoned due to a dispute with Intel over rights to the McAfee name . McAfee changed MGTs focus from social gaming to cybersecurity , stating in an interview that anti-virus software is dead , it no longer works , and that the new paradigm has to stop the hacker getting in before they can do damage . Soon after joining MGT , McAfee claimed that he and his team had exploited a flaw in the Android operating system that allowed him to read encrypted messages from WhatsApp . Gizmodo investigated these claims , and reported that McAfee had sent reporters malware-infected phones to make this hack work . McAfee responded to these accusations , writing : Of course the phones had malware on them . How that malware got there is the story , which we will release after speaking with Google . It involves a serious flaw in the Android architecture . McAfee also moved MGT into the mining of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies , saying that it was intended both to make money for the company , and to increase MGTs expertise in dealing with blockchains , which he thought was important for cybersecurity . In August 2017 , McAfee stepped down as CEO , instead serving as MGTs chief cybersecurity visionary . In January 2018 , he left the company altogether . Both sides stated that the decision was amicable , with McAfee saying that he wanted to spend all of his time on cryptocurrencies , while the company stated that they were getting pressured by potential investors to disassociate themselves from McAfee . On August 13 , 2018 , McAfee took a position of CEO with Luxcore , a cryptocurrency company focused on enterprise solutions . Politics . Political positions . McAfee is a libertarian , advocating the decriminalization of cannabis , an end to the war on drugs , non-interventionism in foreign policy , a free market economy which does not redistribute wealth , and upholding free trade . McAfee supports abolishing the Transportation Security Administration . McAfee advocates increased cyber awareness , and more action against the threat of cyberwarfare . McAfee advocates religious liberty , saying that business owners should be able to deny service in circumstances that contradict their religious beliefs , and : No one is forcing you to buy anything or to choose one person over another . So why should I be forced to do anything if I am not harming you ? Its my choice to sell , your choice to buy . 2016 presidential campaign . On September 8 , 2015 , McAfee announced that he would seek the office of President of the United States in the 2016 presidential election , as the candidate of a newly formed political party called the Cyber Party . On December 24 , 2015 , he re-announced his candidacy bid saying that he would instead seek the presidential nomination of the Libertarian Party . On the campaign trail , McAfee consistently polled among the top three presidential candidates for his party with his rivals Gary Johnson and Austin Petersen . The three candidates appeared in the Libertarian Partys first nationally televised presidential debate on March 29 , 2016 . McAfee announced that his vice presidential choice would be the photographer , former commercial real estate broker , and Libertarian activist Judd Weiss . McAfee was the runner-up in the primaries but came in third at the 2016 Libertarian National Convention . Notable endorsements . - Adam Kokesh , talk show host and activist - John Moore , Nevada assemblyman - L . Neil Smith , science fiction author and activist 2020 presidential campaign . McAfee announced his second bid for president in June 2018 , for the 2020 presidential election . His main campaign issue is to promote the use of cryptocurrencies . He stated that he will either again seek the nomination of the Libertarian Party , or form his own party ; he ultimately ran as a Libertarian . In a tweet , on March 4 , 2020 , McAfee simultaneously suspended his 2020 presidential campaign and announced his campaign for the Libertarian party vice presidential nomination . The next day , he returned to the presidential field , reversing the suspension of his bid , as No one in the Libertarian Party Would [ sic ] consider me For Vice President . The next month , he endorsed Adam Kokesh ; he simultaneously became Kokeshs vice-presidential candidate . McAfee was again not nominated , losing to Jo Jorgensen and Spike Cohen for the vice-presidential slot . Other views . McAfee has contended that taxes are illegal and has claimed in 2019 that he had not filed a tax return since 2010 . He refers to himself as being a prime target of the U.S . Internal Revenue Service . In July 2017 , McAfee wrote on Twitter that he predicted that the price of one bitcoin would jump to $500,000 within three years , and If not , I will eat my own dick on national television . In November 2017 , he increased his prediction to $1 million . In January 2020 , however , he stated on Twitter that his previous predictions were simply A ruse to onboard new users , and that bitcoin had limited potential because it was an ancient technology . Personal life . The night after McAfee arrived in the United States after being deported from Guatemala in December 2012 , he was solicited by Janice Dyson , then a prostitute in South Beach ( Miami Beach ) . The two spent the night together . Despite Dyson being more than 30 years McAfees junior , McAfee and Dyson subsequently began a relationship , and married in 2013 . McAfee originally took up residence in Portland , Oregon in 2013 . In a 2012 article in Mensa Bulletin , the magazine of American Mensa , McAfee stated that being the developer of the first commercial anti-virus program has made him the most popular hacking target , confiding : Hackers see hacking me as a badge of honor . He added that for his own security , he has other people buy his computer equipment for him , uses pseudonyms for setting up computers and logging in , and changes his IP address several times a day . When asked on another occasion if he personally uses McAfees antivirus software , McAfee replied : I take it off , and , Its too annoying . McAfee claims that the former cocaine baron Boston George Jung is writing his official biography , No Domain . On February 8 , 2018 , McAfee claimed to reside in Lexington , Tennessee . Since December 2018 , McAfee has stated several times on Twitter that he has 47 biological children . Legal issues . On April 30 , 2012 , McAfees property in Orange Walk Town , Belize , was raided by the Gang Suppression Unit of the Belize Police Department . At that time , McAfee was in bed with a girlfriend . A GSU press release stated that McAfee was arrested for unlicensed drug manufacturing and possession of an unlicensed weapon . He was released without charge . In 2012 , Belize police spokesman , Raphael Martinez , confirmed that McAfee was neither convicted nor charged , only suspected . In January 2014 , McAfee claimed that when the Belizean government raided his property , it seized his assets , and that his house later burned down under suspicious circumstances . On November 12 , 2012 , Belize police started a search for McAfee as a person of interest in connection to the murder of American expatriate Gregory Viant Faull . Faull was found dead of a gunshot wound on November 11 , 2012 , at his home on the island of Ambergris Caye , the largest island in Belize . Faull was a neighbor of McAfees . In a November 2012 interview with Wired , McAfee said that he has always been afraid police would kill him , and thus refused their routine questions ; he has since evaded the Belizean authorities . Belizes prime minister , Dean Barrow , called McAfee extremely paranoid , even bonkers . McAfee fled Belize when he was sought for questioning concerning the murder . The magazine Vice accidentally gave away McAfees location at a Guatemalan resort in early December 2012 , when a photo taken by one of its journalists accompanying McAfee was posted with the EXIF geolocation metadata still attached . While in Guatemala , McAfee asked Chad Essley , an American cartoonist and animator , to set up a blog so that McAfee could write about his experience while on the run . McAfee then appeared publicly in Guatemala City , where he attempted to seek political asylum . On December 5 , 2012 , McAfee was arrested for illegally entering Guatemala . Shortly afterward , he was placed under arrest , and a board to review McAfees plea for asylum was formed . The committee denied his asylum , so he was taken from his holding facility to a detention center in order to await deportation to Belize . On December 6 , 2012 , Reuters and ABC News reported that McAfee had two minor heart attacks in a Guatemalan detention center and was hospitalized . McAfees lawyer stated that his client had not suffered heart attacks , but had instead suffered from high blood pressure and anxiety attacks . McAfee later said he had faked the heart attacks while being held in Guatemala , to buy time for his attorney to file a series of appeals that ultimately prevented his deportation to Belize , thus hastening the governments decision to send him back to the United States . On December 12 , 2012 , McAfee was released from detention in Guatemala , and deported to the United States . On August 2 , 2015 , McAfee was arrested in Henderson County , Tennessee , on charges of : one count of driving under the influence , and one count of possession of a firearm while intoxicated . On November 14 , 2018 , the Circuit Court in Orlando , Florida refused to dismiss a wrongful death lawsuit against McAfee for Faulls death . In January 2019 , McAfee announced that he was on the run from U.S . authorities , and living internationally on a boat following the convening of a Grand Jury to indict him , his wife , and four of his 2020 Presidential campaign workers on tax-related charges . The IRS has not independently confirmed the existence of these charges . In July 2019 , McAfee and members of his entourage were arrested while his yacht was docked at Puerto Plata , Dominican Republic , on suspicion of carrying high-caliber weapons and ammunition . They were held for four days before being released . On August 11 , 2020 , McAfee fabricated a hoax that he was arrested in Norway during the COVID-19 pandemic , after refusing to replace a lace thong with a more effective face mask . McAfee later posted a picture of himself to Twitter with a bruised eye , claiming that it occurred during this arrest . However , the photo of the alleged arrest shows an officer with the German word for police on their uniform , so it could not have been an arrest in Norway . The Augsburg Police later confirmed McAfee unsuccessfully attempted to enter Germany on that day , but was not arrested . On October 5 , 2020 , McAfee was arrested in Spain at the request of the U.S . Department of Justice for tax evasion . The indictment alleges he earned millions of dollars from 2014–18 , but has failed to file income tax returns . On October 6 , 2020 , the U.S . Securities and Exchange Commission filed a complaint alleging that McAfee had fraudulently promoted certain ICOs . According to the SEC , McAfee presented himself as an impartial investor when he promoted the ICOs , despite the fact that he was allegedly paid $23 million in digital assets in exchange for the promotions . On March 5 , 2021 , the U.S . Attorneys Office for the Southern District of New York announced that they had formally indicted McAfee and an executive adviser for allegedly fraudulently promoting certain cryptocurrencies and performing pump and dump schemes . McAfee is currently incarcerated in Spain , pending extradition to the United States . In the media . is a Showtime Networks documentary about the portion of McAfees life spent in Belize . It began airing in September 2016 . The documentary covers allegations of both the rape of McAfees former business partner , Allison Adonizio , and the murders of Belizean David Middleton and American expat Gregory Faull . In an interview with Bloombergs Pimm Fox and Kathleen Hayes on September 8 , 2016 , McAfee claimed that these incidents were fabricated , saying that Belize is a third-world banana republic and you can go down there and make any story you want if you pay your interviewees , which Showtime did . In March 2017 , it was reported that Glenn Ficarra and John Requa would direct a film about McAfee titled King of the Jungle , with a script by Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski . At various points , Johnny Depp , Michael Keaton , and Seth Rogen were reported to have been signed to roles in the film and later to have left the project . In November 2019 , Zac Efron was reported to be starring in the film . On May 12 , 2017 , McAfee was interviewed on ABCs 20/20 regarding the alleged murder of his neighbor , Greg Faull . McAfees wife , Janice , was interviewed in the segment as well . External links . - John McAfees website |
[
"McAfee Associates"
] | easy | John McAfee was an employee for whom from 1989 to 1990? | /wiki/John_McAfee#P108#6 | John McAfee John David McAfee ( ; born September 18 , 1945 ) is an English-American computer programmer and businessman . He founded the software company McAfee Associates in 1987 and ran it until 1994 , when he resigned from the company . McAfee Associates achieved early success as the creator of McAfees first commercial antivirus software , and the business now produces a range of enterprise security software . The company was purchased by Intel in 2011 , though it still bears the McAfee brand name . McAfees wealth peaked in 2007 at $100 million , before his investments plummeted in the financial crisis of 2007–2008 . Since leaving McAfee Associates , he has founded the companies Tribal Voice ( makers of the PowWow chat program ) , QuorumEx and Future Tense Central , among others , and has been involved in leadership positions in the companies Everykey , MGT Capital Investments and Luxcore , among others . His personal and business interests include smartphone apps , cryptocurrency , yoga , and herbal antibiotics . He resided for a number of years in Belize , but returned to the United States in 2013 . McAfee is also a political activist . He unsuccessfully sought the Libertarian Party nomination for President of the United States in 2016 and 2020 . On October 6 , 2020 , McAfee was arrested in Spain over tax evasion charges . The charges were announced shortly after the US Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) revealed that it had brought civil charges against McAfee and that he could face 30 years in prison if convicted . Early life . McAfee was born in Cinderford , in the Forest of Dean , Gloucestershire , United Kingdom on a U.S . Army base to an American father , who was stationed there , and a British mother . He was raised in Salem , Virginia , US . McAfee has said he feels as much British as he is American . When McAfee was 15 , his father , an abusive alcoholic , committed suicide by gunshot . He received a bachelors degree in mathematics in 1967 from Roanoke College , which subsequently awarded him an honorary Sc.D . degree in 2008 . Ventures . Before McAfee Associates . McAfee was employed as a programmer by NASAs Institute for Space Studies in New York City from 1968 to 1970 . From there , he went to Univac as a software designer , and later to Xerox as an operating system architect . In 1978 , he joined Computer Sciences Corporation as a software consultant . He worked for consulting firm Booz Allen Hamilton from 1980–1982 . In the 1980s , while employed by Lockheed , McAfee received a copy of the Brain computer virus , and began developing software to combat viruses . McAfee Associates . In 1987 McAfee founded McAfee Associates , a computer anti-virus company . The company was incorporated in Delaware in 1992 , and McAfee resigned from the company in 1994 . Two years after McAfee Associates went public , McAfee sold his remaining stake in the company . Network Associates was formed in 1997 as a merger of McAfee Associates and Network General . The Network Associates company name was retained for seven years , when it was renamed McAfee , Inc . In August 2010 , Intel bought McAfee , maintaining the separate branding , until January 2014 , when it announced that McAfee-related products will be marketed as Intel Security . McAfee expressed his pleasure at the name change , saying , I am now everlastingly grateful to Intel for freeing me from this terrible association with the worst software on the planet . The unit was spun out of Intel in April 2017 as McAfee , LLC , as a joint venture between TPG Capital and Intel . After McAfee Associates . Other business ventures that were founded by McAfee include Tribal Voice , which developed one of the first instant messaging programs , PowWow . In 2000 , he invested in and joined the board of directors of Zone Labs , makers of firewall software , prior to its acquisition by Check Point Software in 2003 . In August 2009 , The New York Times reported that McAfees personal fortune had declined to $4 million from a peak of $100 million , the effect of the financial crisis of 2007–2008 on his investments . In 2009 , McAfee was interviewed in Belize for the CNBC special The Bubble Decade , in which it was reported that he had invested in and/or built many mansions in the USA that went unsold when the 2007 global recession hit . The report also discussed his quest to produce plants for possible medicinal uses on his land in Belize . In February 2010 , McAfee started the company QuorumEx , headquartered in Belize , which aimed to produce herbal antibiotics that disrupt quorum sensing in bacteria . In June 2013 , McAfee uploaded a parody video titled How to Uninstall McAfee Antivirus onto his YouTube channel . In the video , McAfee criticized McAfees antivirus software while snorting white powder , and being stroked and undressed by scantily clad women . The video has garnered over 9 million views . McAfee told Reuters that he made the video to ridicule the medias negative coverage of him . A spokesman for McAfee Inc . called the videos statements ludicrous . Also in 2013 , McAfee started the company Future Tense Central , which aimed to produce a secure computer network device called the D-Central . By 2016 , it was also serving as an incubator . In February 2014 , McAfee announced Cognizant , an application for smartphones , which displays information about the permissions of other installed applications . In April 2014 , Cognizant was renamed DCentral 1 , and an Android version of it was released for free on Google Play . At the DEF CON conference in Las Vegas , Nevada in August 2014 , he warned Americans not to use smartphones , suggesting apps are used to spy on clueless consumers who do not read privacy user agreements . In January 2016 , he became the chief evangelist for security startup Everykey . In February 2016 , McAfee received media attention by publicly volunteering to decrypt the iPhone used by the San Bernardino shooters , avoiding the need for Apple to build a backdoor . McAfee later admitted that his claims of how simple cracking the phone would be were a publicity stunt , though he still claimed he could pull it off . In May 2016 , McAfee was appointed chief executive chairman and CEO of MGT Capital Investments , a technology holding company . The company initially stated that it would rename itself John McAfee Global Technologies , although this plan was abandoned due to a dispute with Intel over rights to the McAfee name . McAfee changed MGTs focus from social gaming to cybersecurity , stating in an interview that anti-virus software is dead , it no longer works , and that the new paradigm has to stop the hacker getting in before they can do damage . Soon after joining MGT , McAfee claimed that he and his team had exploited a flaw in the Android operating system that allowed him to read encrypted messages from WhatsApp . Gizmodo investigated these claims , and reported that McAfee had sent reporters malware-infected phones to make this hack work . McAfee responded to these accusations , writing : Of course the phones had malware on them . How that malware got there is the story , which we will release after speaking with Google . It involves a serious flaw in the Android architecture . McAfee also moved MGT into the mining of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies , saying that it was intended both to make money for the company , and to increase MGTs expertise in dealing with blockchains , which he thought was important for cybersecurity . In August 2017 , McAfee stepped down as CEO , instead serving as MGTs chief cybersecurity visionary . In January 2018 , he left the company altogether . Both sides stated that the decision was amicable , with McAfee saying that he wanted to spend all of his time on cryptocurrencies , while the company stated that they were getting pressured by potential investors to disassociate themselves from McAfee . On August 13 , 2018 , McAfee took a position of CEO with Luxcore , a cryptocurrency company focused on enterprise solutions . Politics . Political positions . McAfee is a libertarian , advocating the decriminalization of cannabis , an end to the war on drugs , non-interventionism in foreign policy , a free market economy which does not redistribute wealth , and upholding free trade . McAfee supports abolishing the Transportation Security Administration . McAfee advocates increased cyber awareness , and more action against the threat of cyberwarfare . McAfee advocates religious liberty , saying that business owners should be able to deny service in circumstances that contradict their religious beliefs , and : No one is forcing you to buy anything or to choose one person over another . So why should I be forced to do anything if I am not harming you ? Its my choice to sell , your choice to buy . 2016 presidential campaign . On September 8 , 2015 , McAfee announced that he would seek the office of President of the United States in the 2016 presidential election , as the candidate of a newly formed political party called the Cyber Party . On December 24 , 2015 , he re-announced his candidacy bid saying that he would instead seek the presidential nomination of the Libertarian Party . On the campaign trail , McAfee consistently polled among the top three presidential candidates for his party with his rivals Gary Johnson and Austin Petersen . The three candidates appeared in the Libertarian Partys first nationally televised presidential debate on March 29 , 2016 . McAfee announced that his vice presidential choice would be the photographer , former commercial real estate broker , and Libertarian activist Judd Weiss . McAfee was the runner-up in the primaries but came in third at the 2016 Libertarian National Convention . Notable endorsements . - Adam Kokesh , talk show host and activist - John Moore , Nevada assemblyman - L . Neil Smith , science fiction author and activist 2020 presidential campaign . McAfee announced his second bid for president in June 2018 , for the 2020 presidential election . His main campaign issue is to promote the use of cryptocurrencies . He stated that he will either again seek the nomination of the Libertarian Party , or form his own party ; he ultimately ran as a Libertarian . In a tweet , on March 4 , 2020 , McAfee simultaneously suspended his 2020 presidential campaign and announced his campaign for the Libertarian party vice presidential nomination . The next day , he returned to the presidential field , reversing the suspension of his bid , as No one in the Libertarian Party Would [ sic ] consider me For Vice President . The next month , he endorsed Adam Kokesh ; he simultaneously became Kokeshs vice-presidential candidate . McAfee was again not nominated , losing to Jo Jorgensen and Spike Cohen for the vice-presidential slot . Other views . McAfee has contended that taxes are illegal and has claimed in 2019 that he had not filed a tax return since 2010 . He refers to himself as being a prime target of the U.S . Internal Revenue Service . In July 2017 , McAfee wrote on Twitter that he predicted that the price of one bitcoin would jump to $500,000 within three years , and If not , I will eat my own dick on national television . In November 2017 , he increased his prediction to $1 million . In January 2020 , however , he stated on Twitter that his previous predictions were simply A ruse to onboard new users , and that bitcoin had limited potential because it was an ancient technology . Personal life . The night after McAfee arrived in the United States after being deported from Guatemala in December 2012 , he was solicited by Janice Dyson , then a prostitute in South Beach ( Miami Beach ) . The two spent the night together . Despite Dyson being more than 30 years McAfees junior , McAfee and Dyson subsequently began a relationship , and married in 2013 . McAfee originally took up residence in Portland , Oregon in 2013 . In a 2012 article in Mensa Bulletin , the magazine of American Mensa , McAfee stated that being the developer of the first commercial anti-virus program has made him the most popular hacking target , confiding : Hackers see hacking me as a badge of honor . He added that for his own security , he has other people buy his computer equipment for him , uses pseudonyms for setting up computers and logging in , and changes his IP address several times a day . When asked on another occasion if he personally uses McAfees antivirus software , McAfee replied : I take it off , and , Its too annoying . McAfee claims that the former cocaine baron Boston George Jung is writing his official biography , No Domain . On February 8 , 2018 , McAfee claimed to reside in Lexington , Tennessee . Since December 2018 , McAfee has stated several times on Twitter that he has 47 biological children . Legal issues . On April 30 , 2012 , McAfees property in Orange Walk Town , Belize , was raided by the Gang Suppression Unit of the Belize Police Department . At that time , McAfee was in bed with a girlfriend . A GSU press release stated that McAfee was arrested for unlicensed drug manufacturing and possession of an unlicensed weapon . He was released without charge . In 2012 , Belize police spokesman , Raphael Martinez , confirmed that McAfee was neither convicted nor charged , only suspected . In January 2014 , McAfee claimed that when the Belizean government raided his property , it seized his assets , and that his house later burned down under suspicious circumstances . On November 12 , 2012 , Belize police started a search for McAfee as a person of interest in connection to the murder of American expatriate Gregory Viant Faull . Faull was found dead of a gunshot wound on November 11 , 2012 , at his home on the island of Ambergris Caye , the largest island in Belize . Faull was a neighbor of McAfees . In a November 2012 interview with Wired , McAfee said that he has always been afraid police would kill him , and thus refused their routine questions ; he has since evaded the Belizean authorities . Belizes prime minister , Dean Barrow , called McAfee extremely paranoid , even bonkers . McAfee fled Belize when he was sought for questioning concerning the murder . The magazine Vice accidentally gave away McAfees location at a Guatemalan resort in early December 2012 , when a photo taken by one of its journalists accompanying McAfee was posted with the EXIF geolocation metadata still attached . While in Guatemala , McAfee asked Chad Essley , an American cartoonist and animator , to set up a blog so that McAfee could write about his experience while on the run . McAfee then appeared publicly in Guatemala City , where he attempted to seek political asylum . On December 5 , 2012 , McAfee was arrested for illegally entering Guatemala . Shortly afterward , he was placed under arrest , and a board to review McAfees plea for asylum was formed . The committee denied his asylum , so he was taken from his holding facility to a detention center in order to await deportation to Belize . On December 6 , 2012 , Reuters and ABC News reported that McAfee had two minor heart attacks in a Guatemalan detention center and was hospitalized . McAfees lawyer stated that his client had not suffered heart attacks , but had instead suffered from high blood pressure and anxiety attacks . McAfee later said he had faked the heart attacks while being held in Guatemala , to buy time for his attorney to file a series of appeals that ultimately prevented his deportation to Belize , thus hastening the governments decision to send him back to the United States . On December 12 , 2012 , McAfee was released from detention in Guatemala , and deported to the United States . On August 2 , 2015 , McAfee was arrested in Henderson County , Tennessee , on charges of : one count of driving under the influence , and one count of possession of a firearm while intoxicated . On November 14 , 2018 , the Circuit Court in Orlando , Florida refused to dismiss a wrongful death lawsuit against McAfee for Faulls death . In January 2019 , McAfee announced that he was on the run from U.S . authorities , and living internationally on a boat following the convening of a Grand Jury to indict him , his wife , and four of his 2020 Presidential campaign workers on tax-related charges . The IRS has not independently confirmed the existence of these charges . In July 2019 , McAfee and members of his entourage were arrested while his yacht was docked at Puerto Plata , Dominican Republic , on suspicion of carrying high-caliber weapons and ammunition . They were held for four days before being released . On August 11 , 2020 , McAfee fabricated a hoax that he was arrested in Norway during the COVID-19 pandemic , after refusing to replace a lace thong with a more effective face mask . McAfee later posted a picture of himself to Twitter with a bruised eye , claiming that it occurred during this arrest . However , the photo of the alleged arrest shows an officer with the German word for police on their uniform , so it could not have been an arrest in Norway . The Augsburg Police later confirmed McAfee unsuccessfully attempted to enter Germany on that day , but was not arrested . On October 5 , 2020 , McAfee was arrested in Spain at the request of the U.S . Department of Justice for tax evasion . The indictment alleges he earned millions of dollars from 2014–18 , but has failed to file income tax returns . On October 6 , 2020 , the U.S . Securities and Exchange Commission filed a complaint alleging that McAfee had fraudulently promoted certain ICOs . According to the SEC , McAfee presented himself as an impartial investor when he promoted the ICOs , despite the fact that he was allegedly paid $23 million in digital assets in exchange for the promotions . On March 5 , 2021 , the U.S . Attorneys Office for the Southern District of New York announced that they had formally indicted McAfee and an executive adviser for allegedly fraudulently promoting certain cryptocurrencies and performing pump and dump schemes . McAfee is currently incarcerated in Spain , pending extradition to the United States . In the media . is a Showtime Networks documentary about the portion of McAfees life spent in Belize . It began airing in September 2016 . The documentary covers allegations of both the rape of McAfees former business partner , Allison Adonizio , and the murders of Belizean David Middleton and American expat Gregory Faull . In an interview with Bloombergs Pimm Fox and Kathleen Hayes on September 8 , 2016 , McAfee claimed that these incidents were fabricated , saying that Belize is a third-world banana republic and you can go down there and make any story you want if you pay your interviewees , which Showtime did . In March 2017 , it was reported that Glenn Ficarra and John Requa would direct a film about McAfee titled King of the Jungle , with a script by Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski . At various points , Johnny Depp , Michael Keaton , and Seth Rogen were reported to have been signed to roles in the film and later to have left the project . In November 2019 , Zac Efron was reported to be starring in the film . On May 12 , 2017 , McAfee was interviewed on ABCs 20/20 regarding the alleged murder of his neighbor , Greg Faull . McAfees wife , Janice , was interviewed in the segment as well . External links . - John McAfees website |
[
"Hellas Verona"
] | easy | Which team did the player Jorginho (footballer, born December 1991) belong to from 2010 to 2011? | /wiki/Jorginho_(footballer,_born_December_1991)#P54#0 | Jorginho ( footballer , born December 1991 ) Jorge Luiz Frello Filho ( born 20 December 1991 ) , known as Jorginho , is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for club Chelsea and the Italy national team . He operates as a defensive midfielder or a deep-lying playmaker , also known as a “Regista” in Italian Football . Born in Brazil , Jorginho moved to Italy at the age of 15 , and began his professional career with the Verona youth team , before being promoted to the senior team . During the 2010–11 season , he was sent on loan to Sambonifacese . In January 2014 , he moved to Napoli , where he soon after won the Coppa Italia and the Supercoppa Italiana . He totaled 160 games for the club before a £50 million move to Chelsea in 2018 , where he won the UEFA Europa League in his first season . At international level , he has represented Italy , making his senior debut in 2016 , while his competitive debut came the following year . Early life . Jorginho was born in Imbituba in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina but moved to Italy at the age of 15 . He is of Italian descent through his paternal great-great grandfather Giacomo Frello who is from Lusiana , Veneto , and earned Italian citizenship because of his grandfather , a Brazilian who holds it . He has credited his mother with encouraging his love of football . Club career . Hellas Verona . Jorginho was a youth player of Hellas Verona . In June 2010 , Jorginho was loaned out to Serie C2 side , Sambonifacese , where he played his first full senior season for the Veneto club – appearing 31 times and scoring one goal whilst providing ten assists from his central midfield position . He made his Verona debut on 4 September 2011 , in a match against Sassuolo as a substitute in the 76th minute . Napoli . On 18 January 2014 , he joined Napoli in a co-ownership deal with Verona for four and a half years . On 12 February , he scored the last goal as Napoli overturned a 3–2 first-leg deficit to beat Roma and reach the 2014 Coppa Italia Final . In the final , on 3 May , Jorginho played the full 90 minutes as Napoli defeated Fiorentina 3–1 . In the 2014 Supercoppa Italiana in Doha on 22 December 2014 , Jorginho entered the game against Juventus in the second half of extra time in place of Jonathan de Guzmán . He took Napolis first spot-kick in the penalty shootout , and although Gianluigi Buffon saved it , Napoli were eventually victorious . While initially struggling to get into manager Rafael Benítezs lineup , Jorginhos fortunes changed with the appointment of Maurizio Sarri who was key to his development . In 2017 Jorginho had a breakthrough season with Napoli and was integral to their Serie A title challenge . Chelsea . 2018–19 season . On 14 July 2018 , Jorginho signed for English team Chelsea on a five-year contract on the same day as Sarri was hired at the club . He joined for a transfer fee of £50m with £7m in potential add-ons , and was assigned the number 5 shirt . According to Napoli president Aurelio De Laurentiis , he was previously close to joining Manchester City . Jorginho made his debut on 5 August in the 2018 FA Community Shield at Wembley Stadium against that very opponent , and was booed by City fans in Chelseas 2–0 loss . Six days later , he played his first Premier League match , in which he scored a penalty in a 3–0 win at Huddersfield Town . In Chelseas third league match of the campaign , a 2–1 win away at Newcastle United , Jorginho completed 158 passes , which was a new record for most successful passes by a Chelsea player in a single match in the Premier League , and the second all-time in the league , behind İlkay Gündoğans 167 completed passes for Manchester City against Chelsea from the prior season . Jorginho went on to break the attempted passes record in Chelseas sixth league match of the season on 23 September , attempting 180 passes in a 0–0 draw away at West Ham United , breaking the record of 173 attempted passes again set by Gündoğan in the same Manchester City–Chelsea match the year before . On 24 February 2019 , following a 0–0 draw after extra-time in the 2019 EFL Cup Final against cup holders Manchester City , Jorginho missed Chelseas first penalty in the resulting shoot-out , which ultimately saw Manchester City triumph 4–3 . On 29 May , Jorginho featured in Chelseas 4–1 victory over Arsenal in the 2019 UEFA Europa League Final . 2019–20 season . In the 2019 UEFA Super Cup against Liverpool on 14 August , Jorginho scored the equalising goal from the penalty spot in extra-time an eventual 2–2 draw . The match subsequently went to a penalty shoot-out ; although Jorginho was able to net Chelseas first penalty , Liverpool ultimately won the shoot-out 5–4 . He scored his first league goal of the season , also from the penalty spot , in a 2–0 home win over Brighton & Hove Albion on 28 September . On 5 November , he scored twice from the penalty spot as Chelsea came from behind to earn a 4–4 home draw against Ajax in the Champions League . 2020–21 season . Jorginho scored Chelseas first goal of the season from the penalty spot in an eventual 3–1 league win against Brighton & Hove Albion on 14 September at Falmer Stadium . On 20 September , Jorginho missed his first penalty for Chelsea in the same match in which he made his 100th appearance for the club ; the game ended 2–0 to Liverpool . On 3 October , he scored two penalties as Chelsea ran out 4–0 winners at home to Crystal Palace . On 29 May 2021 , Jorginho won his first-ever Champions League with Chelsea , beating Manchester City 1–0 in the final . International career . As Jorginho holds both Italian and Brazilian citizenship , he was eligible to play for both the Italian and Brazilian national teams . In 2012 , he was called up for the first time for Italy U21 . In 2014 , Jorginho expressed his desire to represent Italy rather than Brazil internationally , and he received his first call up to the Italy senior squad in March 2016 , under manager Antonio Conte , for the teams international friendlies against Spain and Germany . He made his international debut for Italy on 24 March , coming on as a last-minute substitute for Marco Parolo in a 1–1 draw against Spain at the Stadio Friuli in Udine . After initially being included in Contes preliminary 30-man squad for UEFA Euro 2016 , on 31 May , Jorginho was later excluded from the final 23-man squad . In spite of his positive club form for Napoli , Jorginho was not initially called up to the Italian side under Contes successor , Gian Piero Ventura . Although rumours circled in the media regarding the possibility of Brazils coach Tite calling Jorginho up to his squad in autumn 2017 , as he had not yet appeared for Italy in a competitive match , Jorginho denied rumours that he wanted to switch to the Brazilian national team . He later made his first competitive appearance for Italy under manager Ventura in a 0–0 home draw against Sweden on 13 November , in the second leg of the World Cup play-offs against Sweden , at the San Siro in Milan ; however , Italys 1–0 away loss in the first leg on 10 November saw Sweden advance on aggregate , meaning that Italy had failed to qualify for the World Cup for the first time in 60 years . On 7 September 2018 , in Italys first UEFA Nations League match at home to Poland in Bologna , Jorginho scored his first international goal from the penalty spot to secure a 1–1 draw . On 8 September 2019 , he scored his second international goal , from the penalty spot once again , in a 2–1 away win over Finland , in a Euro 2020 qualifier . On 12 October , Jorginho scored his third international goal , once again from a penalty kick , in a 2–0 home win over Greece , which sealed Italys qualification for Euro 2020 . He scored his fourth international goal from the penalty spot once again on 18 November , in a 9–1 home win over Armenia in Italys final Euro 2020 qualifier , also assisting Nicolò Zaniolos second goal during the match . Style of play . Jorginho is known for his composure and versatility as a footballer , which allows him to be fielded in any midfield position . Due to his work-rate , technique , football intelligence , ability to break down possession , vision , and passing accuracy , he is usually deployed as central midfielder in a three-man midfield in a 4–3–3 formation . Although he is not imposing physically , due to his slender build and relatively short stature , he is also capable of playing both in a box-to-box role or in a defensive role as a ball winner , courtesy of his tactical intelligence , positional sense , awareness , and ability to read the game , which enables him to cover ground , press opponents further up the pitch , intercept passes , and start attacking plays after winning back the ball . However , he usually operates in a more withdrawn creative role , as a deep-lying playmaker in front of the back-line , a position known as the regista role in Italian football jargon , which allows him more time on the ball to control the tempo of his teams play with his short , precise , horizontal passing game on the ground . He is also an accurate penalty taker . Honours . Napoli - Coppa Italia : 2013–14 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2014 Chelsea - UEFA Champions League : 2020–21 - UEFA Europa League : 2018–19 - FA Cup runner-up : 2019–20 , 2020–21 - EFL Cup runner-up : 2018–19 Individual - UEFA Europa League Squad of the Season : 2018–19 - UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season : 2020–21 External links . - Profile at the Chelsea F.C . website - Profile at FIGC |
[
"Hellas Verona"
] | easy | Which team did Jorginho (footballer, born December 1991) play for from 2011 to 2014? | /wiki/Jorginho_(footballer,_born_December_1991)#P54#1 | Jorginho ( footballer , born December 1991 ) Jorge Luiz Frello Filho ( born 20 December 1991 ) , known as Jorginho , is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for club Chelsea and the Italy national team . He operates as a defensive midfielder or a deep-lying playmaker , also known as a “Regista” in Italian Football . Born in Brazil , Jorginho moved to Italy at the age of 15 , and began his professional career with the Verona youth team , before being promoted to the senior team . During the 2010–11 season , he was sent on loan to Sambonifacese . In January 2014 , he moved to Napoli , where he soon after won the Coppa Italia and the Supercoppa Italiana . He totaled 160 games for the club before a £50 million move to Chelsea in 2018 , where he won the UEFA Europa League in his first season . At international level , he has represented Italy , making his senior debut in 2016 , while his competitive debut came the following year . Early life . Jorginho was born in Imbituba in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina but moved to Italy at the age of 15 . He is of Italian descent through his paternal great-great grandfather Giacomo Frello who is from Lusiana , Veneto , and earned Italian citizenship because of his grandfather , a Brazilian who holds it . He has credited his mother with encouraging his love of football . Club career . Hellas Verona . Jorginho was a youth player of Hellas Verona . In June 2010 , Jorginho was loaned out to Serie C2 side , Sambonifacese , where he played his first full senior season for the Veneto club – appearing 31 times and scoring one goal whilst providing ten assists from his central midfield position . He made his Verona debut on 4 September 2011 , in a match against Sassuolo as a substitute in the 76th minute . Napoli . On 18 January 2014 , he joined Napoli in a co-ownership deal with Verona for four and a half years . On 12 February , he scored the last goal as Napoli overturned a 3–2 first-leg deficit to beat Roma and reach the 2014 Coppa Italia Final . In the final , on 3 May , Jorginho played the full 90 minutes as Napoli defeated Fiorentina 3–1 . In the 2014 Supercoppa Italiana in Doha on 22 December 2014 , Jorginho entered the game against Juventus in the second half of extra time in place of Jonathan de Guzmán . He took Napolis first spot-kick in the penalty shootout , and although Gianluigi Buffon saved it , Napoli were eventually victorious . While initially struggling to get into manager Rafael Benítezs lineup , Jorginhos fortunes changed with the appointment of Maurizio Sarri who was key to his development . In 2017 Jorginho had a breakthrough season with Napoli and was integral to their Serie A title challenge . Chelsea . 2018–19 season . On 14 July 2018 , Jorginho signed for English team Chelsea on a five-year contract on the same day as Sarri was hired at the club . He joined for a transfer fee of £50m with £7m in potential add-ons , and was assigned the number 5 shirt . According to Napoli president Aurelio De Laurentiis , he was previously close to joining Manchester City . Jorginho made his debut on 5 August in the 2018 FA Community Shield at Wembley Stadium against that very opponent , and was booed by City fans in Chelseas 2–0 loss . Six days later , he played his first Premier League match , in which he scored a penalty in a 3–0 win at Huddersfield Town . In Chelseas third league match of the campaign , a 2–1 win away at Newcastle United , Jorginho completed 158 passes , which was a new record for most successful passes by a Chelsea player in a single match in the Premier League , and the second all-time in the league , behind İlkay Gündoğans 167 completed passes for Manchester City against Chelsea from the prior season . Jorginho went on to break the attempted passes record in Chelseas sixth league match of the season on 23 September , attempting 180 passes in a 0–0 draw away at West Ham United , breaking the record of 173 attempted passes again set by Gündoğan in the same Manchester City–Chelsea match the year before . On 24 February 2019 , following a 0–0 draw after extra-time in the 2019 EFL Cup Final against cup holders Manchester City , Jorginho missed Chelseas first penalty in the resulting shoot-out , which ultimately saw Manchester City triumph 4–3 . On 29 May , Jorginho featured in Chelseas 4–1 victory over Arsenal in the 2019 UEFA Europa League Final . 2019–20 season . In the 2019 UEFA Super Cup against Liverpool on 14 August , Jorginho scored the equalising goal from the penalty spot in extra-time an eventual 2–2 draw . The match subsequently went to a penalty shoot-out ; although Jorginho was able to net Chelseas first penalty , Liverpool ultimately won the shoot-out 5–4 . He scored his first league goal of the season , also from the penalty spot , in a 2–0 home win over Brighton & Hove Albion on 28 September . On 5 November , he scored twice from the penalty spot as Chelsea came from behind to earn a 4–4 home draw against Ajax in the Champions League . 2020–21 season . Jorginho scored Chelseas first goal of the season from the penalty spot in an eventual 3–1 league win against Brighton & Hove Albion on 14 September at Falmer Stadium . On 20 September , Jorginho missed his first penalty for Chelsea in the same match in which he made his 100th appearance for the club ; the game ended 2–0 to Liverpool . On 3 October , he scored two penalties as Chelsea ran out 4–0 winners at home to Crystal Palace . On 29 May 2021 , Jorginho won his first-ever Champions League with Chelsea , beating Manchester City 1–0 in the final . International career . As Jorginho holds both Italian and Brazilian citizenship , he was eligible to play for both the Italian and Brazilian national teams . In 2012 , he was called up for the first time for Italy U21 . In 2014 , Jorginho expressed his desire to represent Italy rather than Brazil internationally , and he received his first call up to the Italy senior squad in March 2016 , under manager Antonio Conte , for the teams international friendlies against Spain and Germany . He made his international debut for Italy on 24 March , coming on as a last-minute substitute for Marco Parolo in a 1–1 draw against Spain at the Stadio Friuli in Udine . After initially being included in Contes preliminary 30-man squad for UEFA Euro 2016 , on 31 May , Jorginho was later excluded from the final 23-man squad . In spite of his positive club form for Napoli , Jorginho was not initially called up to the Italian side under Contes successor , Gian Piero Ventura . Although rumours circled in the media regarding the possibility of Brazils coach Tite calling Jorginho up to his squad in autumn 2017 , as he had not yet appeared for Italy in a competitive match , Jorginho denied rumours that he wanted to switch to the Brazilian national team . He later made his first competitive appearance for Italy under manager Ventura in a 0–0 home draw against Sweden on 13 November , in the second leg of the World Cup play-offs against Sweden , at the San Siro in Milan ; however , Italys 1–0 away loss in the first leg on 10 November saw Sweden advance on aggregate , meaning that Italy had failed to qualify for the World Cup for the first time in 60 years . On 7 September 2018 , in Italys first UEFA Nations League match at home to Poland in Bologna , Jorginho scored his first international goal from the penalty spot to secure a 1–1 draw . On 8 September 2019 , he scored his second international goal , from the penalty spot once again , in a 2–1 away win over Finland , in a Euro 2020 qualifier . On 12 October , Jorginho scored his third international goal , once again from a penalty kick , in a 2–0 home win over Greece , which sealed Italys qualification for Euro 2020 . He scored his fourth international goal from the penalty spot once again on 18 November , in a 9–1 home win over Armenia in Italys final Euro 2020 qualifier , also assisting Nicolò Zaniolos second goal during the match . Style of play . Jorginho is known for his composure and versatility as a footballer , which allows him to be fielded in any midfield position . Due to his work-rate , technique , football intelligence , ability to break down possession , vision , and passing accuracy , he is usually deployed as central midfielder in a three-man midfield in a 4–3–3 formation . Although he is not imposing physically , due to his slender build and relatively short stature , he is also capable of playing both in a box-to-box role or in a defensive role as a ball winner , courtesy of his tactical intelligence , positional sense , awareness , and ability to read the game , which enables him to cover ground , press opponents further up the pitch , intercept passes , and start attacking plays after winning back the ball . However , he usually operates in a more withdrawn creative role , as a deep-lying playmaker in front of the back-line , a position known as the regista role in Italian football jargon , which allows him more time on the ball to control the tempo of his teams play with his short , precise , horizontal passing game on the ground . He is also an accurate penalty taker . Honours . Napoli - Coppa Italia : 2013–14 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2014 Chelsea - UEFA Champions League : 2020–21 - UEFA Europa League : 2018–19 - FA Cup runner-up : 2019–20 , 2020–21 - EFL Cup runner-up : 2018–19 Individual - UEFA Europa League Squad of the Season : 2018–19 - UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season : 2020–21 External links . - Profile at the Chelsea F.C . website - Profile at FIGC |
[
"Napoli"
] | easy | Which team did the player Jorginho (footballer, born December 1991) belong to from 2014 to 2016? | /wiki/Jorginho_(footballer,_born_December_1991)#P54#2 | Jorginho ( footballer , born December 1991 ) Jorge Luiz Frello Filho ( born 20 December 1991 ) , known as Jorginho , is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for club Chelsea and the Italy national team . He operates as a defensive midfielder or a deep-lying playmaker , also known as a “Regista” in Italian Football . Born in Brazil , Jorginho moved to Italy at the age of 15 , and began his professional career with the Verona youth team , before being promoted to the senior team . During the 2010–11 season , he was sent on loan to Sambonifacese . In January 2014 , he moved to Napoli , where he soon after won the Coppa Italia and the Supercoppa Italiana . He totaled 160 games for the club before a £50 million move to Chelsea in 2018 , where he won the UEFA Europa League in his first season . At international level , he has represented Italy , making his senior debut in 2016 , while his competitive debut came the following year . Early life . Jorginho was born in Imbituba in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina but moved to Italy at the age of 15 . He is of Italian descent through his paternal great-great grandfather Giacomo Frello who is from Lusiana , Veneto , and earned Italian citizenship because of his grandfather , a Brazilian who holds it . He has credited his mother with encouraging his love of football . Club career . Hellas Verona . Jorginho was a youth player of Hellas Verona . In June 2010 , Jorginho was loaned out to Serie C2 side , Sambonifacese , where he played his first full senior season for the Veneto club – appearing 31 times and scoring one goal whilst providing ten assists from his central midfield position . He made his Verona debut on 4 September 2011 , in a match against Sassuolo as a substitute in the 76th minute . Napoli . On 18 January 2014 , he joined Napoli in a co-ownership deal with Verona for four and a half years . On 12 February , he scored the last goal as Napoli overturned a 3–2 first-leg deficit to beat Roma and reach the 2014 Coppa Italia Final . In the final , on 3 May , Jorginho played the full 90 minutes as Napoli defeated Fiorentina 3–1 . In the 2014 Supercoppa Italiana in Doha on 22 December 2014 , Jorginho entered the game against Juventus in the second half of extra time in place of Jonathan de Guzmán . He took Napolis first spot-kick in the penalty shootout , and although Gianluigi Buffon saved it , Napoli were eventually victorious . While initially struggling to get into manager Rafael Benítezs lineup , Jorginhos fortunes changed with the appointment of Maurizio Sarri who was key to his development . In 2017 Jorginho had a breakthrough season with Napoli and was integral to their Serie A title challenge . Chelsea . 2018–19 season . On 14 July 2018 , Jorginho signed for English team Chelsea on a five-year contract on the same day as Sarri was hired at the club . He joined for a transfer fee of £50m with £7m in potential add-ons , and was assigned the number 5 shirt . According to Napoli president Aurelio De Laurentiis , he was previously close to joining Manchester City . Jorginho made his debut on 5 August in the 2018 FA Community Shield at Wembley Stadium against that very opponent , and was booed by City fans in Chelseas 2–0 loss . Six days later , he played his first Premier League match , in which he scored a penalty in a 3–0 win at Huddersfield Town . In Chelseas third league match of the campaign , a 2–1 win away at Newcastle United , Jorginho completed 158 passes , which was a new record for most successful passes by a Chelsea player in a single match in the Premier League , and the second all-time in the league , behind İlkay Gündoğans 167 completed passes for Manchester City against Chelsea from the prior season . Jorginho went on to break the attempted passes record in Chelseas sixth league match of the season on 23 September , attempting 180 passes in a 0–0 draw away at West Ham United , breaking the record of 173 attempted passes again set by Gündoğan in the same Manchester City–Chelsea match the year before . On 24 February 2019 , following a 0–0 draw after extra-time in the 2019 EFL Cup Final against cup holders Manchester City , Jorginho missed Chelseas first penalty in the resulting shoot-out , which ultimately saw Manchester City triumph 4–3 . On 29 May , Jorginho featured in Chelseas 4–1 victory over Arsenal in the 2019 UEFA Europa League Final . 2019–20 season . In the 2019 UEFA Super Cup against Liverpool on 14 August , Jorginho scored the equalising goal from the penalty spot in extra-time an eventual 2–2 draw . The match subsequently went to a penalty shoot-out ; although Jorginho was able to net Chelseas first penalty , Liverpool ultimately won the shoot-out 5–4 . He scored his first league goal of the season , also from the penalty spot , in a 2–0 home win over Brighton & Hove Albion on 28 September . On 5 November , he scored twice from the penalty spot as Chelsea came from behind to earn a 4–4 home draw against Ajax in the Champions League . 2020–21 season . Jorginho scored Chelseas first goal of the season from the penalty spot in an eventual 3–1 league win against Brighton & Hove Albion on 14 September at Falmer Stadium . On 20 September , Jorginho missed his first penalty for Chelsea in the same match in which he made his 100th appearance for the club ; the game ended 2–0 to Liverpool . On 3 October , he scored two penalties as Chelsea ran out 4–0 winners at home to Crystal Palace . On 29 May 2021 , Jorginho won his first-ever Champions League with Chelsea , beating Manchester City 1–0 in the final . International career . As Jorginho holds both Italian and Brazilian citizenship , he was eligible to play for both the Italian and Brazilian national teams . In 2012 , he was called up for the first time for Italy U21 . In 2014 , Jorginho expressed his desire to represent Italy rather than Brazil internationally , and he received his first call up to the Italy senior squad in March 2016 , under manager Antonio Conte , for the teams international friendlies against Spain and Germany . He made his international debut for Italy on 24 March , coming on as a last-minute substitute for Marco Parolo in a 1–1 draw against Spain at the Stadio Friuli in Udine . After initially being included in Contes preliminary 30-man squad for UEFA Euro 2016 , on 31 May , Jorginho was later excluded from the final 23-man squad . In spite of his positive club form for Napoli , Jorginho was not initially called up to the Italian side under Contes successor , Gian Piero Ventura . Although rumours circled in the media regarding the possibility of Brazils coach Tite calling Jorginho up to his squad in autumn 2017 , as he had not yet appeared for Italy in a competitive match , Jorginho denied rumours that he wanted to switch to the Brazilian national team . He later made his first competitive appearance for Italy under manager Ventura in a 0–0 home draw against Sweden on 13 November , in the second leg of the World Cup play-offs against Sweden , at the San Siro in Milan ; however , Italys 1–0 away loss in the first leg on 10 November saw Sweden advance on aggregate , meaning that Italy had failed to qualify for the World Cup for the first time in 60 years . On 7 September 2018 , in Italys first UEFA Nations League match at home to Poland in Bologna , Jorginho scored his first international goal from the penalty spot to secure a 1–1 draw . On 8 September 2019 , he scored his second international goal , from the penalty spot once again , in a 2–1 away win over Finland , in a Euro 2020 qualifier . On 12 October , Jorginho scored his third international goal , once again from a penalty kick , in a 2–0 home win over Greece , which sealed Italys qualification for Euro 2020 . He scored his fourth international goal from the penalty spot once again on 18 November , in a 9–1 home win over Armenia in Italys final Euro 2020 qualifier , also assisting Nicolò Zaniolos second goal during the match . Style of play . Jorginho is known for his composure and versatility as a footballer , which allows him to be fielded in any midfield position . Due to his work-rate , technique , football intelligence , ability to break down possession , vision , and passing accuracy , he is usually deployed as central midfielder in a three-man midfield in a 4–3–3 formation . Although he is not imposing physically , due to his slender build and relatively short stature , he is also capable of playing both in a box-to-box role or in a defensive role as a ball winner , courtesy of his tactical intelligence , positional sense , awareness , and ability to read the game , which enables him to cover ground , press opponents further up the pitch , intercept passes , and start attacking plays after winning back the ball . However , he usually operates in a more withdrawn creative role , as a deep-lying playmaker in front of the back-line , a position known as the regista role in Italian football jargon , which allows him more time on the ball to control the tempo of his teams play with his short , precise , horizontal passing game on the ground . He is also an accurate penalty taker . Honours . Napoli - Coppa Italia : 2013–14 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2014 Chelsea - UEFA Champions League : 2020–21 - UEFA Europa League : 2018–19 - FA Cup runner-up : 2019–20 , 2020–21 - EFL Cup runner-up : 2018–19 Individual - UEFA Europa League Squad of the Season : 2018–19 - UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season : 2020–21 External links . - Profile at the Chelsea F.C . website - Profile at FIGC |
[
"Napoli"
] | easy | Which team did Jorginho (footballer, born December 1991) play for from 2016 to 2017? | /wiki/Jorginho_(footballer,_born_December_1991)#P54#3 | Jorginho ( footballer , born December 1991 ) Jorge Luiz Frello Filho ( born 20 December 1991 ) , known as Jorginho , is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for club Chelsea and the Italy national team . He operates as a defensive midfielder or a deep-lying playmaker , also known as a “Regista” in Italian Football . Born in Brazil , Jorginho moved to Italy at the age of 15 , and began his professional career with the Verona youth team , before being promoted to the senior team . During the 2010–11 season , he was sent on loan to Sambonifacese . In January 2014 , he moved to Napoli , where he soon after won the Coppa Italia and the Supercoppa Italiana . He totaled 160 games for the club before a £50 million move to Chelsea in 2018 , where he won the UEFA Europa League in his first season . At international level , he has represented Italy , making his senior debut in 2016 , while his competitive debut came the following year . Early life . Jorginho was born in Imbituba in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina but moved to Italy at the age of 15 . He is of Italian descent through his paternal great-great grandfather Giacomo Frello who is from Lusiana , Veneto , and earned Italian citizenship because of his grandfather , a Brazilian who holds it . He has credited his mother with encouraging his love of football . Club career . Hellas Verona . Jorginho was a youth player of Hellas Verona . In June 2010 , Jorginho was loaned out to Serie C2 side , Sambonifacese , where he played his first full senior season for the Veneto club – appearing 31 times and scoring one goal whilst providing ten assists from his central midfield position . He made his Verona debut on 4 September 2011 , in a match against Sassuolo as a substitute in the 76th minute . Napoli . On 18 January 2014 , he joined Napoli in a co-ownership deal with Verona for four and a half years . On 12 February , he scored the last goal as Napoli overturned a 3–2 first-leg deficit to beat Roma and reach the 2014 Coppa Italia Final . In the final , on 3 May , Jorginho played the full 90 minutes as Napoli defeated Fiorentina 3–1 . In the 2014 Supercoppa Italiana in Doha on 22 December 2014 , Jorginho entered the game against Juventus in the second half of extra time in place of Jonathan de Guzmán . He took Napolis first spot-kick in the penalty shootout , and although Gianluigi Buffon saved it , Napoli were eventually victorious . While initially struggling to get into manager Rafael Benítezs lineup , Jorginhos fortunes changed with the appointment of Maurizio Sarri who was key to his development . In 2017 Jorginho had a breakthrough season with Napoli and was integral to their Serie A title challenge . Chelsea . 2018–19 season . On 14 July 2018 , Jorginho signed for English team Chelsea on a five-year contract on the same day as Sarri was hired at the club . He joined for a transfer fee of £50m with £7m in potential add-ons , and was assigned the number 5 shirt . According to Napoli president Aurelio De Laurentiis , he was previously close to joining Manchester City . Jorginho made his debut on 5 August in the 2018 FA Community Shield at Wembley Stadium against that very opponent , and was booed by City fans in Chelseas 2–0 loss . Six days later , he played his first Premier League match , in which he scored a penalty in a 3–0 win at Huddersfield Town . In Chelseas third league match of the campaign , a 2–1 win away at Newcastle United , Jorginho completed 158 passes , which was a new record for most successful passes by a Chelsea player in a single match in the Premier League , and the second all-time in the league , behind İlkay Gündoğans 167 completed passes for Manchester City against Chelsea from the prior season . Jorginho went on to break the attempted passes record in Chelseas sixth league match of the season on 23 September , attempting 180 passes in a 0–0 draw away at West Ham United , breaking the record of 173 attempted passes again set by Gündoğan in the same Manchester City–Chelsea match the year before . On 24 February 2019 , following a 0–0 draw after extra-time in the 2019 EFL Cup Final against cup holders Manchester City , Jorginho missed Chelseas first penalty in the resulting shoot-out , which ultimately saw Manchester City triumph 4–3 . On 29 May , Jorginho featured in Chelseas 4–1 victory over Arsenal in the 2019 UEFA Europa League Final . 2019–20 season . In the 2019 UEFA Super Cup against Liverpool on 14 August , Jorginho scored the equalising goal from the penalty spot in extra-time an eventual 2–2 draw . The match subsequently went to a penalty shoot-out ; although Jorginho was able to net Chelseas first penalty , Liverpool ultimately won the shoot-out 5–4 . He scored his first league goal of the season , also from the penalty spot , in a 2–0 home win over Brighton & Hove Albion on 28 September . On 5 November , he scored twice from the penalty spot as Chelsea came from behind to earn a 4–4 home draw against Ajax in the Champions League . 2020–21 season . Jorginho scored Chelseas first goal of the season from the penalty spot in an eventual 3–1 league win against Brighton & Hove Albion on 14 September at Falmer Stadium . On 20 September , Jorginho missed his first penalty for Chelsea in the same match in which he made his 100th appearance for the club ; the game ended 2–0 to Liverpool . On 3 October , he scored two penalties as Chelsea ran out 4–0 winners at home to Crystal Palace . On 29 May 2021 , Jorginho won his first-ever Champions League with Chelsea , beating Manchester City 1–0 in the final . International career . As Jorginho holds both Italian and Brazilian citizenship , he was eligible to play for both the Italian and Brazilian national teams . In 2012 , he was called up for the first time for Italy U21 . In 2014 , Jorginho expressed his desire to represent Italy rather than Brazil internationally , and he received his first call up to the Italy senior squad in March 2016 , under manager Antonio Conte , for the teams international friendlies against Spain and Germany . He made his international debut for Italy on 24 March , coming on as a last-minute substitute for Marco Parolo in a 1–1 draw against Spain at the Stadio Friuli in Udine . After initially being included in Contes preliminary 30-man squad for UEFA Euro 2016 , on 31 May , Jorginho was later excluded from the final 23-man squad . In spite of his positive club form for Napoli , Jorginho was not initially called up to the Italian side under Contes successor , Gian Piero Ventura . Although rumours circled in the media regarding the possibility of Brazils coach Tite calling Jorginho up to his squad in autumn 2017 , as he had not yet appeared for Italy in a competitive match , Jorginho denied rumours that he wanted to switch to the Brazilian national team . He later made his first competitive appearance for Italy under manager Ventura in a 0–0 home draw against Sweden on 13 November , in the second leg of the World Cup play-offs against Sweden , at the San Siro in Milan ; however , Italys 1–0 away loss in the first leg on 10 November saw Sweden advance on aggregate , meaning that Italy had failed to qualify for the World Cup for the first time in 60 years . On 7 September 2018 , in Italys first UEFA Nations League match at home to Poland in Bologna , Jorginho scored his first international goal from the penalty spot to secure a 1–1 draw . On 8 September 2019 , he scored his second international goal , from the penalty spot once again , in a 2–1 away win over Finland , in a Euro 2020 qualifier . On 12 October , Jorginho scored his third international goal , once again from a penalty kick , in a 2–0 home win over Greece , which sealed Italys qualification for Euro 2020 . He scored his fourth international goal from the penalty spot once again on 18 November , in a 9–1 home win over Armenia in Italys final Euro 2020 qualifier , also assisting Nicolò Zaniolos second goal during the match . Style of play . Jorginho is known for his composure and versatility as a footballer , which allows him to be fielded in any midfield position . Due to his work-rate , technique , football intelligence , ability to break down possession , vision , and passing accuracy , he is usually deployed as central midfielder in a three-man midfield in a 4–3–3 formation . Although he is not imposing physically , due to his slender build and relatively short stature , he is also capable of playing both in a box-to-box role or in a defensive role as a ball winner , courtesy of his tactical intelligence , positional sense , awareness , and ability to read the game , which enables him to cover ground , press opponents further up the pitch , intercept passes , and start attacking plays after winning back the ball . However , he usually operates in a more withdrawn creative role , as a deep-lying playmaker in front of the back-line , a position known as the regista role in Italian football jargon , which allows him more time on the ball to control the tempo of his teams play with his short , precise , horizontal passing game on the ground . He is also an accurate penalty taker . Honours . Napoli - Coppa Italia : 2013–14 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2014 Chelsea - UEFA Champions League : 2020–21 - UEFA Europa League : 2018–19 - FA Cup runner-up : 2019–20 , 2020–21 - EFL Cup runner-up : 2018–19 Individual - UEFA Europa League Squad of the Season : 2018–19 - UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season : 2020–21 External links . - Profile at the Chelsea F.C . website - Profile at FIGC |
[
"Real Oviedo"
] | easy | Which team did the player Roberto Losada belong to from 1994 to 1997? | /wiki/Roberto_Losada#P54#0 | Roberto Losada Roberto Losada Rodríguez ( ; born 25 October 1976 ) is a former Spanish professional footballer who played as a forward , and is the current head coach of Hong Kong Premier League club Eastern . Over seven seasons , he amassed La Liga totals of 113 games and 27 goals , almost all with Real Oviedo . He also appeared in 124 Segunda División matches ( 16 goals ) , and spent two years in Hong Kong with Kitchee . Playing career . Losada was born in Vigo , Province of Pontevedra . Nicknamed El Chino due his facial features , he made his professional debut for Real Oviedo at just 18 , as the club was also in La Liga ; after two season-long loans , at CD Toledo and RCD Mallorca ( the former in the Segunda División ) , he returned , going on to be an important attacking member– although mostly as a backup – as the Asturias team would eventually drop two tiers in just four years . Losada left in the 2003–04 campaign to Real Valladolid in the top flight , equalling a career-best eight goals but again being relegated . After years of intermittent use , he left in January 2007 to another side in the second level , UD Las Palmas , not managing to score in his five-month spell . In the summer of 2007 , Losada returned to his native Galicia and signed with CD Lugo of Segunda División B . After three years , aged nearly 34 , he had his first abroad experience , joining Hong Kong club Kitchee SC and helping it win the national championship in his first season after 47 years . At the end of the campaign , he was also named Hong Kong Footballer of the Year and MVP , making the competitions Best Eleven . Losada was made Kitchees captain for 2011–12 , replacing Lo Kwan Yee . He announced his retirement on 26 May 2012 at nearly 36 years of age , after netting the 3–3 equaliser in stoppage time of extra time in the FA Cup final against Hong Kong Pegasus FC , which his team won . Coaching career . Losada immediately joined the clubs coaching staff , being named his compatriot Josep Gombaus assistant . He retained his post under the latters successor Àlex Gómez , only leaving on 8 September 2020 . On 16 October 2020 , Losada signed with Eastern in the same capacity . Honours . Club . Valladolid - Segunda División : 2006–07 Kitchee - Hong Kong First Division League : 2010–11 , 2011–12 - Hong Kong FA Cup : 2011–12 - Hong Kong League Cup : 2011–12 Individual . - Hong Kong Footballer of the Year : 2010–11 - Team of the Season : 2010–11 - Hong Kong Most Popular Player : 2010–11 |
[
"CD Toledo"
] | easy | Which team did Roberto Losada play for from 1998 to 1999? | /wiki/Roberto_Losada#P54#1 | Roberto Losada Roberto Losada Rodríguez ( ; born 25 October 1976 ) is a former Spanish professional footballer who played as a forward , and is the current head coach of Hong Kong Premier League club Eastern . Over seven seasons , he amassed La Liga totals of 113 games and 27 goals , almost all with Real Oviedo . He also appeared in 124 Segunda División matches ( 16 goals ) , and spent two years in Hong Kong with Kitchee . Playing career . Losada was born in Vigo , Province of Pontevedra . Nicknamed El Chino due his facial features , he made his professional debut for Real Oviedo at just 18 , as the club was also in La Liga ; after two season-long loans , at CD Toledo and RCD Mallorca ( the former in the Segunda División ) , he returned , going on to be an important attacking member– although mostly as a backup – as the Asturias team would eventually drop two tiers in just four years . Losada left in the 2003–04 campaign to Real Valladolid in the top flight , equalling a career-best eight goals but again being relegated . After years of intermittent use , he left in January 2007 to another side in the second level , UD Las Palmas , not managing to score in his five-month spell . In the summer of 2007 , Losada returned to his native Galicia and signed with CD Lugo of Segunda División B . After three years , aged nearly 34 , he had his first abroad experience , joining Hong Kong club Kitchee SC and helping it win the national championship in his first season after 47 years . At the end of the campaign , he was also named Hong Kong Footballer of the Year and MVP , making the competitions Best Eleven . Losada was made Kitchees captain for 2011–12 , replacing Lo Kwan Yee . He announced his retirement on 26 May 2012 at nearly 36 years of age , after netting the 3–3 equaliser in stoppage time of extra time in the FA Cup final against Hong Kong Pegasus FC , which his team won . Coaching career . Losada immediately joined the clubs coaching staff , being named his compatriot Josep Gombaus assistant . He retained his post under the latters successor Àlex Gómez , only leaving on 8 September 2020 . On 16 October 2020 , Losada signed with Eastern in the same capacity . Honours . Club . Valladolid - Segunda División : 2006–07 Kitchee - Hong Kong First Division League : 2010–11 , 2011–12 - Hong Kong FA Cup : 2011–12 - Hong Kong League Cup : 2011–12 Individual . - Hong Kong Footballer of the Year : 2010–11 - Team of the Season : 2010–11 - Hong Kong Most Popular Player : 2010–11 |
[
"Real Valladolid"
] | easy | Roberto Losada played for which team from 2003 to 2005? | /wiki/Roberto_Losada#P54#2 | Roberto Losada Roberto Losada Rodríguez ( ; born 25 October 1976 ) is a former Spanish professional footballer who played as a forward , and is the current head coach of Hong Kong Premier League club Eastern . Over seven seasons , he amassed La Liga totals of 113 games and 27 goals , almost all with Real Oviedo . He also appeared in 124 Segunda División matches ( 16 goals ) , and spent two years in Hong Kong with Kitchee . Playing career . Losada was born in Vigo , Province of Pontevedra . Nicknamed El Chino due his facial features , he made his professional debut for Real Oviedo at just 18 , as the club was also in La Liga ; after two season-long loans , at CD Toledo and RCD Mallorca ( the former in the Segunda División ) , he returned , going on to be an important attacking member– although mostly as a backup – as the Asturias team would eventually drop two tiers in just four years . Losada left in the 2003–04 campaign to Real Valladolid in the top flight , equalling a career-best eight goals but again being relegated . After years of intermittent use , he left in January 2007 to another side in the second level , UD Las Palmas , not managing to score in his five-month spell . In the summer of 2007 , Losada returned to his native Galicia and signed with CD Lugo of Segunda División B . After three years , aged nearly 34 , he had his first abroad experience , joining Hong Kong club Kitchee SC and helping it win the national championship in his first season after 47 years . At the end of the campaign , he was also named Hong Kong Footballer of the Year and MVP , making the competitions Best Eleven . Losada was made Kitchees captain for 2011–12 , replacing Lo Kwan Yee . He announced his retirement on 26 May 2012 at nearly 36 years of age , after netting the 3–3 equaliser in stoppage time of extra time in the FA Cup final against Hong Kong Pegasus FC , which his team won . Coaching career . Losada immediately joined the clubs coaching staff , being named his compatriot Josep Gombaus assistant . He retained his post under the latters successor Àlex Gómez , only leaving on 8 September 2020 . On 16 October 2020 , Losada signed with Eastern in the same capacity . Honours . Club . Valladolid - Segunda División : 2006–07 Kitchee - Hong Kong First Division League : 2010–11 , 2011–12 - Hong Kong FA Cup : 2011–12 - Hong Kong League Cup : 2011–12 Individual . - Hong Kong Footballer of the Year : 2010–11 - Team of the Season : 2010–11 - Hong Kong Most Popular Player : 2010–11 |
[
"Real Valladolid",
"UD Las Palmas"
] | easy | Which team did Roberto Losada play for from 2005 to 2007? | /wiki/Roberto_Losada#P54#3 | Roberto Losada Roberto Losada Rodríguez ( ; born 25 October 1976 ) is a former Spanish professional footballer who played as a forward , and is the current head coach of Hong Kong Premier League club Eastern . Over seven seasons , he amassed La Liga totals of 113 games and 27 goals , almost all with Real Oviedo . He also appeared in 124 Segunda División matches ( 16 goals ) , and spent two years in Hong Kong with Kitchee . Playing career . Losada was born in Vigo , Province of Pontevedra . Nicknamed El Chino due his facial features , he made his professional debut for Real Oviedo at just 18 , as the club was also in La Liga ; after two season-long loans , at CD Toledo and RCD Mallorca ( the former in the Segunda División ) , he returned , going on to be an important attacking member– although mostly as a backup – as the Asturias team would eventually drop two tiers in just four years . Losada left in the 2003–04 campaign to Real Valladolid in the top flight , equalling a career-best eight goals but again being relegated . After years of intermittent use , he left in January 2007 to another side in the second level , UD Las Palmas , not managing to score in his five-month spell . In the summer of 2007 , Losada returned to his native Galicia and signed with CD Lugo of Segunda División B . After three years , aged nearly 34 , he had his first abroad experience , joining Hong Kong club Kitchee SC and helping it win the national championship in his first season after 47 years . At the end of the campaign , he was also named Hong Kong Footballer of the Year and MVP , making the competitions Best Eleven . Losada was made Kitchees captain for 2011–12 , replacing Lo Kwan Yee . He announced his retirement on 26 May 2012 at nearly 36 years of age , after netting the 3–3 equaliser in stoppage time of extra time in the FA Cup final against Hong Kong Pegasus FC , which his team won . Coaching career . Losada immediately joined the clubs coaching staff , being named his compatriot Josep Gombaus assistant . He retained his post under the latters successor Àlex Gómez , only leaving on 8 September 2020 . On 16 October 2020 , Losada signed with Eastern in the same capacity . Honours . Club . Valladolid - Segunda División : 2006–07 Kitchee - Hong Kong First Division League : 2010–11 , 2011–12 - Hong Kong FA Cup : 2011–12 - Hong Kong League Cup : 2011–12 Individual . - Hong Kong Footballer of the Year : 2010–11 - Team of the Season : 2010–11 - Hong Kong Most Popular Player : 2010–11 |
[
"CD Lugo"
] | easy | Roberto Losada played for which team from 2007 to 2008? | /wiki/Roberto_Losada#P54#4 | Roberto Losada Roberto Losada Rodríguez ( ; born 25 October 1976 ) is a former Spanish professional footballer who played as a forward , and is the current head coach of Hong Kong Premier League club Eastern . Over seven seasons , he amassed La Liga totals of 113 games and 27 goals , almost all with Real Oviedo . He also appeared in 124 Segunda División matches ( 16 goals ) , and spent two years in Hong Kong with Kitchee . Playing career . Losada was born in Vigo , Province of Pontevedra . Nicknamed El Chino due his facial features , he made his professional debut for Real Oviedo at just 18 , as the club was also in La Liga ; after two season-long loans , at CD Toledo and RCD Mallorca ( the former in the Segunda División ) , he returned , going on to be an important attacking member– although mostly as a backup – as the Asturias team would eventually drop two tiers in just four years . Losada left in the 2003–04 campaign to Real Valladolid in the top flight , equalling a career-best eight goals but again being relegated . After years of intermittent use , he left in January 2007 to another side in the second level , UD Las Palmas , not managing to score in his five-month spell . In the summer of 2007 , Losada returned to his native Galicia and signed with CD Lugo of Segunda División B . After three years , aged nearly 34 , he had his first abroad experience , joining Hong Kong club Kitchee SC and helping it win the national championship in his first season after 47 years . At the end of the campaign , he was also named Hong Kong Footballer of the Year and MVP , making the competitions Best Eleven . Losada was made Kitchees captain for 2011–12 , replacing Lo Kwan Yee . He announced his retirement on 26 May 2012 at nearly 36 years of age , after netting the 3–3 equaliser in stoppage time of extra time in the FA Cup final against Hong Kong Pegasus FC , which his team won . Coaching career . Losada immediately joined the clubs coaching staff , being named his compatriot Josep Gombaus assistant . He retained his post under the latters successor Àlex Gómez , only leaving on 8 September 2020 . On 16 October 2020 , Losada signed with Eastern in the same capacity . Honours . Club . Valladolid - Segunda División : 2006–07 Kitchee - Hong Kong First Division League : 2010–11 , 2011–12 - Hong Kong FA Cup : 2011–12 - Hong Kong League Cup : 2011–12 Individual . - Hong Kong Footballer of the Year : 2010–11 - Team of the Season : 2010–11 - Hong Kong Most Popular Player : 2010–11 |
[
"member of the Second Chamber"
] | easy | Which position did Arvid Posse hold from 1867 to 1876? | /wiki/Arvid_Posse#P39#0 | Arvid Posse Count Arvid Rutger Fredriksson Posse ( 15 February 1820 – 24 April 1901 ) was the prime minister of Sweden from 1880 to 1883 . Family background and education . Posse was born at Rosendal manor in Malmöhus County , as the son of Governor Count Fredrik Posse and Baroness Magdalena Charlotta Bennet . In 1835 he enrolled at Lund University , receiving a law degree in 1840 . The same year , he began as a trainee at the Court of Appeal of Skåne and Blekinge ( Hovrätten över Skåne och Blekinge ) , during which time he worked both at district courts and at the Court of Appeal itself . Later , he was appointed assistant district judge ( vice häradshövding ) and in 1846 a clerk at the Court of Appeal , and in 1847 was made an associate justice at the court . In 1849 Posse left public service and resettled at Charlottenlund Manor and devoted his time to agriculture , enterprise and local politics ( being , e.g. , 1865–68 the president of Malmöhus County Council ) . Political career . Posse began his political career as a member of the House of Nobility at the Parliament of 1856–58 . He was then the Chairman of the Banking Committee ( Bankoutskottet ) . In the Parliament of 1862-63 he chaired the Appropriations Committee ( Bevillningsutskottet ) , where he was a strong proponent of the principles of free trade , which he would remain throughout his life . During this Parliament , he seriously objected to proposed amendments to the Law on Local Self-Government concerning proposed restrictions on the vote shares of larger land-owners . He feared , among other things , that the amendments , if adopted , could undermine the proposed electoral reform . Posse himself , however , did not support the reform . On the contrary , he was one of the most ardent opponents of the reform and predicted at the Parliament of 1865–66 , when he was Chairman of the Committee on Government Affairs ( Statsutskottet ) , that the fatherland would meet with an unhappy future if the reform were carried through . Among other things , he feared the new electoral system would put too much power into the hands of the agrarian interests , who would soon forget the many things that have to live both above and beside them . Notwithstanding this statement , at the first session of the Riksdag<nowiki></nowiki>s Second Chamber in 1867 , Posse became the self-appointed spokesman for the agrarian group , effectively making him the indisputed leader of the new Second Chamber . From this group was formed the Lantmanna Party , which , with Posse as leader , soon adopted an oppositional stance towards the Government . For a number of years Posse remained unquestionably the most prominent and powerful personality in Parliament , even if not the most charismatic . During 1867–1881 Posse was a member of the Second Chamber , representing the district of Herrestad och Ljunit Hundreds , outside Ystad . In 1867-75 he was Chairman of the Committee on Government Affairs ( at the Extra Parliament of 1871 he was the Vice Chairman of the Select Committee ( Särskilda utskottet ) ) . As Speaker 1876-1880 he was in charge of the business of the Second Chamber . He entered government on 19 April 1880 , being appointed Prime Minister , following the resignation of Baron Louis De Geer . Additionally Posse was Minister of Finance from 7 December 1880 to 8 March 1881 . Prime minister and administrative court president . As prime minister , Posse now had to solve the important issues that had been on the agenda since the reform of Parliament . The issues concerned the proposed abolition of both the allotment system and the land taxes ( grundskatter ) as part of a re-organization of the military . The odds seemed to be in favor of success , since it was believed that he could count on support from old party friends , and among the opponents of the preceding governments . Large committees were appointed to report on the issues . At the Parliament of 1883 the Posse Government tabled their proposals . They promised a step-by-step removal of the land taxes , and the tenement and allotment duties . In return the Posse wanted Parliament to approve the Governments proposals to establish a military based partly on permanently drafted soldiers ( enrolled voluntarily and paid by the state ) and partly on conscription . However , the Upper Houses insistence on retaining the allotment system , and , perhaps more importantly , the Lantmanna Partys cutbacks , led to a series of dramas and a defeat for Posse , following which he resigned as Prime Minister on 13 June 1883 . He was then appointed President of the Administrative Court of Appeal , which he remained until 1889 . Political and scientific work . As member of the First Chamber for South Kalmar County 1882–1890 , Posse kept a low profile , but opposed the introduction of grain tariffs during the 1887 struggle between free traders and protectionists . He also expressed his sympathies for a moderate suffrage reform . When speaking in Parliament , Posse expressed himself succinctly and clearly , often emphatically but always with calm and dignity . He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry ( 1879 ) and an honorary member of the Royal Physiographical Society in Lund ( 1878 ) and the Royal Naval Officers Society ( 1880 ) . He died on 24 April 1901 in Stockholm . This article is translated from the equivalent Swedish-language Wikipedia article , which incorporates text from Nordisk familjebok , published 1904–1926 , now in the public domain . Relative . In 1912 , his niece , Sigrid Lindström ( née Posse ) ( 1856–1946 ) , survived the sinking of RMS Titanic as a first-class passenger . |
[
"Speaker"
] | easy | Arvid Posse took which position from 1876 to 1880? | /wiki/Arvid_Posse#P39#1 | Arvid Posse Count Arvid Rutger Fredriksson Posse ( 15 February 1820 – 24 April 1901 ) was the prime minister of Sweden from 1880 to 1883 . Family background and education . Posse was born at Rosendal manor in Malmöhus County , as the son of Governor Count Fredrik Posse and Baroness Magdalena Charlotta Bennet . In 1835 he enrolled at Lund University , receiving a law degree in 1840 . The same year , he began as a trainee at the Court of Appeal of Skåne and Blekinge ( Hovrätten över Skåne och Blekinge ) , during which time he worked both at district courts and at the Court of Appeal itself . Later , he was appointed assistant district judge ( vice häradshövding ) and in 1846 a clerk at the Court of Appeal , and in 1847 was made an associate justice at the court . In 1849 Posse left public service and resettled at Charlottenlund Manor and devoted his time to agriculture , enterprise and local politics ( being , e.g. , 1865–68 the president of Malmöhus County Council ) . Political career . Posse began his political career as a member of the House of Nobility at the Parliament of 1856–58 . He was then the Chairman of the Banking Committee ( Bankoutskottet ) . In the Parliament of 1862-63 he chaired the Appropriations Committee ( Bevillningsutskottet ) , where he was a strong proponent of the principles of free trade , which he would remain throughout his life . During this Parliament , he seriously objected to proposed amendments to the Law on Local Self-Government concerning proposed restrictions on the vote shares of larger land-owners . He feared , among other things , that the amendments , if adopted , could undermine the proposed electoral reform . Posse himself , however , did not support the reform . On the contrary , he was one of the most ardent opponents of the reform and predicted at the Parliament of 1865–66 , when he was Chairman of the Committee on Government Affairs ( Statsutskottet ) , that the fatherland would meet with an unhappy future if the reform were carried through . Among other things , he feared the new electoral system would put too much power into the hands of the agrarian interests , who would soon forget the many things that have to live both above and beside them . Notwithstanding this statement , at the first session of the Riksdag<nowiki></nowiki>s Second Chamber in 1867 , Posse became the self-appointed spokesman for the agrarian group , effectively making him the indisputed leader of the new Second Chamber . From this group was formed the Lantmanna Party , which , with Posse as leader , soon adopted an oppositional stance towards the Government . For a number of years Posse remained unquestionably the most prominent and powerful personality in Parliament , even if not the most charismatic . During 1867–1881 Posse was a member of the Second Chamber , representing the district of Herrestad och Ljunit Hundreds , outside Ystad . In 1867-75 he was Chairman of the Committee on Government Affairs ( at the Extra Parliament of 1871 he was the Vice Chairman of the Select Committee ( Särskilda utskottet ) ) . As Speaker 1876-1880 he was in charge of the business of the Second Chamber . He entered government on 19 April 1880 , being appointed Prime Minister , following the resignation of Baron Louis De Geer . Additionally Posse was Minister of Finance from 7 December 1880 to 8 March 1881 . Prime minister and administrative court president . As prime minister , Posse now had to solve the important issues that had been on the agenda since the reform of Parliament . The issues concerned the proposed abolition of both the allotment system and the land taxes ( grundskatter ) as part of a re-organization of the military . The odds seemed to be in favor of success , since it was believed that he could count on support from old party friends , and among the opponents of the preceding governments . Large committees were appointed to report on the issues . At the Parliament of 1883 the Posse Government tabled their proposals . They promised a step-by-step removal of the land taxes , and the tenement and allotment duties . In return the Posse wanted Parliament to approve the Governments proposals to establish a military based partly on permanently drafted soldiers ( enrolled voluntarily and paid by the state ) and partly on conscription . However , the Upper Houses insistence on retaining the allotment system , and , perhaps more importantly , the Lantmanna Partys cutbacks , led to a series of dramas and a defeat for Posse , following which he resigned as Prime Minister on 13 June 1883 . He was then appointed President of the Administrative Court of Appeal , which he remained until 1889 . Political and scientific work . As member of the First Chamber for South Kalmar County 1882–1890 , Posse kept a low profile , but opposed the introduction of grain tariffs during the 1887 struggle between free traders and protectionists . He also expressed his sympathies for a moderate suffrage reform . When speaking in Parliament , Posse expressed himself succinctly and clearly , often emphatically but always with calm and dignity . He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry ( 1879 ) and an honorary member of the Royal Physiographical Society in Lund ( 1878 ) and the Royal Naval Officers Society ( 1880 ) . He died on 24 April 1901 in Stockholm . This article is translated from the equivalent Swedish-language Wikipedia article , which incorporates text from Nordisk familjebok , published 1904–1926 , now in the public domain . Relative . In 1912 , his niece , Sigrid Lindström ( née Posse ) ( 1856–1946 ) , survived the sinking of RMS Titanic as a first-class passenger . |
[
"member of the Second Chamber"
] | easy | What was the position of Arvid Posse from Apr 1880 to Dec 1880? | /wiki/Arvid_Posse#P39#2 | Arvid Posse Count Arvid Rutger Fredriksson Posse ( 15 February 1820 – 24 April 1901 ) was the prime minister of Sweden from 1880 to 1883 . Family background and education . Posse was born at Rosendal manor in Malmöhus County , as the son of Governor Count Fredrik Posse and Baroness Magdalena Charlotta Bennet . In 1835 he enrolled at Lund University , receiving a law degree in 1840 . The same year , he began as a trainee at the Court of Appeal of Skåne and Blekinge ( Hovrätten över Skåne och Blekinge ) , during which time he worked both at district courts and at the Court of Appeal itself . Later , he was appointed assistant district judge ( vice häradshövding ) and in 1846 a clerk at the Court of Appeal , and in 1847 was made an associate justice at the court . In 1849 Posse left public service and resettled at Charlottenlund Manor and devoted his time to agriculture , enterprise and local politics ( being , e.g. , 1865–68 the president of Malmöhus County Council ) . Political career . Posse began his political career as a member of the House of Nobility at the Parliament of 1856–58 . He was then the Chairman of the Banking Committee ( Bankoutskottet ) . In the Parliament of 1862-63 he chaired the Appropriations Committee ( Bevillningsutskottet ) , where he was a strong proponent of the principles of free trade , which he would remain throughout his life . During this Parliament , he seriously objected to proposed amendments to the Law on Local Self-Government concerning proposed restrictions on the vote shares of larger land-owners . He feared , among other things , that the amendments , if adopted , could undermine the proposed electoral reform . Posse himself , however , did not support the reform . On the contrary , he was one of the most ardent opponents of the reform and predicted at the Parliament of 1865–66 , when he was Chairman of the Committee on Government Affairs ( Statsutskottet ) , that the fatherland would meet with an unhappy future if the reform were carried through . Among other things , he feared the new electoral system would put too much power into the hands of the agrarian interests , who would soon forget the many things that have to live both above and beside them . Notwithstanding this statement , at the first session of the Riksdag<nowiki></nowiki>s Second Chamber in 1867 , Posse became the self-appointed spokesman for the agrarian group , effectively making him the indisputed leader of the new Second Chamber . From this group was formed the Lantmanna Party , which , with Posse as leader , soon adopted an oppositional stance towards the Government . For a number of years Posse remained unquestionably the most prominent and powerful personality in Parliament , even if not the most charismatic . During 1867–1881 Posse was a member of the Second Chamber , representing the district of Herrestad och Ljunit Hundreds , outside Ystad . In 1867-75 he was Chairman of the Committee on Government Affairs ( at the Extra Parliament of 1871 he was the Vice Chairman of the Select Committee ( Särskilda utskottet ) ) . As Speaker 1876-1880 he was in charge of the business of the Second Chamber . He entered government on 19 April 1880 , being appointed Prime Minister , following the resignation of Baron Louis De Geer . Additionally Posse was Minister of Finance from 7 December 1880 to 8 March 1881 . Prime minister and administrative court president . As prime minister , Posse now had to solve the important issues that had been on the agenda since the reform of Parliament . The issues concerned the proposed abolition of both the allotment system and the land taxes ( grundskatter ) as part of a re-organization of the military . The odds seemed to be in favor of success , since it was believed that he could count on support from old party friends , and among the opponents of the preceding governments . Large committees were appointed to report on the issues . At the Parliament of 1883 the Posse Government tabled their proposals . They promised a step-by-step removal of the land taxes , and the tenement and allotment duties . In return the Posse wanted Parliament to approve the Governments proposals to establish a military based partly on permanently drafted soldiers ( enrolled voluntarily and paid by the state ) and partly on conscription . However , the Upper Houses insistence on retaining the allotment system , and , perhaps more importantly , the Lantmanna Partys cutbacks , led to a series of dramas and a defeat for Posse , following which he resigned as Prime Minister on 13 June 1883 . He was then appointed President of the Administrative Court of Appeal , which he remained until 1889 . Political and scientific work . As member of the First Chamber for South Kalmar County 1882–1890 , Posse kept a low profile , but opposed the introduction of grain tariffs during the 1887 struggle between free traders and protectionists . He also expressed his sympathies for a moderate suffrage reform . When speaking in Parliament , Posse expressed himself succinctly and clearly , often emphatically but always with calm and dignity . He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry ( 1879 ) and an honorary member of the Royal Physiographical Society in Lund ( 1878 ) and the Royal Naval Officers Society ( 1880 ) . He died on 24 April 1901 in Stockholm . This article is translated from the equivalent Swedish-language Wikipedia article , which incorporates text from Nordisk familjebok , published 1904–1926 , now in the public domain . Relative . In 1912 , his niece , Sigrid Lindström ( née Posse ) ( 1856–1946 ) , survived the sinking of RMS Titanic as a first-class passenger . |
[
"Prime Minister"
] | easy | Which position did Arvid Posse hold in Dec 1880? | /wiki/Arvid_Posse#P39#3 | Arvid Posse Count Arvid Rutger Fredriksson Posse ( 15 February 1820 – 24 April 1901 ) was the prime minister of Sweden from 1880 to 1883 . Family background and education . Posse was born at Rosendal manor in Malmöhus County , as the son of Governor Count Fredrik Posse and Baroness Magdalena Charlotta Bennet . In 1835 he enrolled at Lund University , receiving a law degree in 1840 . The same year , he began as a trainee at the Court of Appeal of Skåne and Blekinge ( Hovrätten över Skåne och Blekinge ) , during which time he worked both at district courts and at the Court of Appeal itself . Later , he was appointed assistant district judge ( vice häradshövding ) and in 1846 a clerk at the Court of Appeal , and in 1847 was made an associate justice at the court . In 1849 Posse left public service and resettled at Charlottenlund Manor and devoted his time to agriculture , enterprise and local politics ( being , e.g. , 1865–68 the president of Malmöhus County Council ) . Political career . Posse began his political career as a member of the House of Nobility at the Parliament of 1856–58 . He was then the Chairman of the Banking Committee ( Bankoutskottet ) . In the Parliament of 1862-63 he chaired the Appropriations Committee ( Bevillningsutskottet ) , where he was a strong proponent of the principles of free trade , which he would remain throughout his life . During this Parliament , he seriously objected to proposed amendments to the Law on Local Self-Government concerning proposed restrictions on the vote shares of larger land-owners . He feared , among other things , that the amendments , if adopted , could undermine the proposed electoral reform . Posse himself , however , did not support the reform . On the contrary , he was one of the most ardent opponents of the reform and predicted at the Parliament of 1865–66 , when he was Chairman of the Committee on Government Affairs ( Statsutskottet ) , that the fatherland would meet with an unhappy future if the reform were carried through . Among other things , he feared the new electoral system would put too much power into the hands of the agrarian interests , who would soon forget the many things that have to live both above and beside them . Notwithstanding this statement , at the first session of the Riksdag<nowiki></nowiki>s Second Chamber in 1867 , Posse became the self-appointed spokesman for the agrarian group , effectively making him the indisputed leader of the new Second Chamber . From this group was formed the Lantmanna Party , which , with Posse as leader , soon adopted an oppositional stance towards the Government . For a number of years Posse remained unquestionably the most prominent and powerful personality in Parliament , even if not the most charismatic . During 1867–1881 Posse was a member of the Second Chamber , representing the district of Herrestad och Ljunit Hundreds , outside Ystad . In 1867-75 he was Chairman of the Committee on Government Affairs ( at the Extra Parliament of 1871 he was the Vice Chairman of the Select Committee ( Särskilda utskottet ) ) . As Speaker 1876-1880 he was in charge of the business of the Second Chamber . He entered government on 19 April 1880 , being appointed Prime Minister , following the resignation of Baron Louis De Geer . Additionally Posse was Minister of Finance from 7 December 1880 to 8 March 1881 . Prime minister and administrative court president . As prime minister , Posse now had to solve the important issues that had been on the agenda since the reform of Parliament . The issues concerned the proposed abolition of both the allotment system and the land taxes ( grundskatter ) as part of a re-organization of the military . The odds seemed to be in favor of success , since it was believed that he could count on support from old party friends , and among the opponents of the preceding governments . Large committees were appointed to report on the issues . At the Parliament of 1883 the Posse Government tabled their proposals . They promised a step-by-step removal of the land taxes , and the tenement and allotment duties . In return the Posse wanted Parliament to approve the Governments proposals to establish a military based partly on permanently drafted soldiers ( enrolled voluntarily and paid by the state ) and partly on conscription . However , the Upper Houses insistence on retaining the allotment system , and , perhaps more importantly , the Lantmanna Partys cutbacks , led to a series of dramas and a defeat for Posse , following which he resigned as Prime Minister on 13 June 1883 . He was then appointed President of the Administrative Court of Appeal , which he remained until 1889 . Political and scientific work . As member of the First Chamber for South Kalmar County 1882–1890 , Posse kept a low profile , but opposed the introduction of grain tariffs during the 1887 struggle between free traders and protectionists . He also expressed his sympathies for a moderate suffrage reform . When speaking in Parliament , Posse expressed himself succinctly and clearly , often emphatically but always with calm and dignity . He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry ( 1879 ) and an honorary member of the Royal Physiographical Society in Lund ( 1878 ) and the Royal Naval Officers Society ( 1880 ) . He died on 24 April 1901 in Stockholm . This article is translated from the equivalent Swedish-language Wikipedia article , which incorporates text from Nordisk familjebok , published 1904–1926 , now in the public domain . Relative . In 1912 , his niece , Sigrid Lindström ( née Posse ) ( 1856–1946 ) , survived the sinking of RMS Titanic as a first-class passenger . |
[
"member of the Second Chamber"
] | easy | What was the position of Arvid Posse in 1881? | /wiki/Arvid_Posse#P39#4 | Arvid Posse Count Arvid Rutger Fredriksson Posse ( 15 February 1820 – 24 April 1901 ) was the prime minister of Sweden from 1880 to 1883 . Family background and education . Posse was born at Rosendal manor in Malmöhus County , as the son of Governor Count Fredrik Posse and Baroness Magdalena Charlotta Bennet . In 1835 he enrolled at Lund University , receiving a law degree in 1840 . The same year , he began as a trainee at the Court of Appeal of Skåne and Blekinge ( Hovrätten över Skåne och Blekinge ) , during which time he worked both at district courts and at the Court of Appeal itself . Later , he was appointed assistant district judge ( vice häradshövding ) and in 1846 a clerk at the Court of Appeal , and in 1847 was made an associate justice at the court . In 1849 Posse left public service and resettled at Charlottenlund Manor and devoted his time to agriculture , enterprise and local politics ( being , e.g. , 1865–68 the president of Malmöhus County Council ) . Political career . Posse began his political career as a member of the House of Nobility at the Parliament of 1856–58 . He was then the Chairman of the Banking Committee ( Bankoutskottet ) . In the Parliament of 1862-63 he chaired the Appropriations Committee ( Bevillningsutskottet ) , where he was a strong proponent of the principles of free trade , which he would remain throughout his life . During this Parliament , he seriously objected to proposed amendments to the Law on Local Self-Government concerning proposed restrictions on the vote shares of larger land-owners . He feared , among other things , that the amendments , if adopted , could undermine the proposed electoral reform . Posse himself , however , did not support the reform . On the contrary , he was one of the most ardent opponents of the reform and predicted at the Parliament of 1865–66 , when he was Chairman of the Committee on Government Affairs ( Statsutskottet ) , that the fatherland would meet with an unhappy future if the reform were carried through . Among other things , he feared the new electoral system would put too much power into the hands of the agrarian interests , who would soon forget the many things that have to live both above and beside them . Notwithstanding this statement , at the first session of the Riksdag<nowiki></nowiki>s Second Chamber in 1867 , Posse became the self-appointed spokesman for the agrarian group , effectively making him the indisputed leader of the new Second Chamber . From this group was formed the Lantmanna Party , which , with Posse as leader , soon adopted an oppositional stance towards the Government . For a number of years Posse remained unquestionably the most prominent and powerful personality in Parliament , even if not the most charismatic . During 1867–1881 Posse was a member of the Second Chamber , representing the district of Herrestad och Ljunit Hundreds , outside Ystad . In 1867-75 he was Chairman of the Committee on Government Affairs ( at the Extra Parliament of 1871 he was the Vice Chairman of the Select Committee ( Särskilda utskottet ) ) . As Speaker 1876-1880 he was in charge of the business of the Second Chamber . He entered government on 19 April 1880 , being appointed Prime Minister , following the resignation of Baron Louis De Geer . Additionally Posse was Minister of Finance from 7 December 1880 to 8 March 1881 . Prime minister and administrative court president . As prime minister , Posse now had to solve the important issues that had been on the agenda since the reform of Parliament . The issues concerned the proposed abolition of both the allotment system and the land taxes ( grundskatter ) as part of a re-organization of the military . The odds seemed to be in favor of success , since it was believed that he could count on support from old party friends , and among the opponents of the preceding governments . Large committees were appointed to report on the issues . At the Parliament of 1883 the Posse Government tabled their proposals . They promised a step-by-step removal of the land taxes , and the tenement and allotment duties . In return the Posse wanted Parliament to approve the Governments proposals to establish a military based partly on permanently drafted soldiers ( enrolled voluntarily and paid by the state ) and partly on conscription . However , the Upper Houses insistence on retaining the allotment system , and , perhaps more importantly , the Lantmanna Partys cutbacks , led to a series of dramas and a defeat for Posse , following which he resigned as Prime Minister on 13 June 1883 . He was then appointed President of the Administrative Court of Appeal , which he remained until 1889 . Political and scientific work . As member of the First Chamber for South Kalmar County 1882–1890 , Posse kept a low profile , but opposed the introduction of grain tariffs during the 1887 struggle between free traders and protectionists . He also expressed his sympathies for a moderate suffrage reform . When speaking in Parliament , Posse expressed himself succinctly and clearly , often emphatically but always with calm and dignity . He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry ( 1879 ) and an honorary member of the Royal Physiographical Society in Lund ( 1878 ) and the Royal Naval Officers Society ( 1880 ) . He died on 24 April 1901 in Stockholm . This article is translated from the equivalent Swedish-language Wikipedia article , which incorporates text from Nordisk familjebok , published 1904–1926 , now in the public domain . Relative . In 1912 , his niece , Sigrid Lindström ( née Posse ) ( 1856–1946 ) , survived the sinking of RMS Titanic as a first-class passenger . |
[
"Minister of Finance"
] | easy | Which position did Arvid Posse hold from 1881 to Mar 1881? | /wiki/Arvid_Posse#P39#5 | Arvid Posse Count Arvid Rutger Fredriksson Posse ( 15 February 1820 – 24 April 1901 ) was the prime minister of Sweden from 1880 to 1883 . Family background and education . Posse was born at Rosendal manor in Malmöhus County , as the son of Governor Count Fredrik Posse and Baroness Magdalena Charlotta Bennet . In 1835 he enrolled at Lund University , receiving a law degree in 1840 . The same year , he began as a trainee at the Court of Appeal of Skåne and Blekinge ( Hovrätten över Skåne och Blekinge ) , during which time he worked both at district courts and at the Court of Appeal itself . Later , he was appointed assistant district judge ( vice häradshövding ) and in 1846 a clerk at the Court of Appeal , and in 1847 was made an associate justice at the court . In 1849 Posse left public service and resettled at Charlottenlund Manor and devoted his time to agriculture , enterprise and local politics ( being , e.g. , 1865–68 the president of Malmöhus County Council ) . Political career . Posse began his political career as a member of the House of Nobility at the Parliament of 1856–58 . He was then the Chairman of the Banking Committee ( Bankoutskottet ) . In the Parliament of 1862-63 he chaired the Appropriations Committee ( Bevillningsutskottet ) , where he was a strong proponent of the principles of free trade , which he would remain throughout his life . During this Parliament , he seriously objected to proposed amendments to the Law on Local Self-Government concerning proposed restrictions on the vote shares of larger land-owners . He feared , among other things , that the amendments , if adopted , could undermine the proposed electoral reform . Posse himself , however , did not support the reform . On the contrary , he was one of the most ardent opponents of the reform and predicted at the Parliament of 1865–66 , when he was Chairman of the Committee on Government Affairs ( Statsutskottet ) , that the fatherland would meet with an unhappy future if the reform were carried through . Among other things , he feared the new electoral system would put too much power into the hands of the agrarian interests , who would soon forget the many things that have to live both above and beside them . Notwithstanding this statement , at the first session of the Riksdag<nowiki></nowiki>s Second Chamber in 1867 , Posse became the self-appointed spokesman for the agrarian group , effectively making him the indisputed leader of the new Second Chamber . From this group was formed the Lantmanna Party , which , with Posse as leader , soon adopted an oppositional stance towards the Government . For a number of years Posse remained unquestionably the most prominent and powerful personality in Parliament , even if not the most charismatic . During 1867–1881 Posse was a member of the Second Chamber , representing the district of Herrestad och Ljunit Hundreds , outside Ystad . In 1867-75 he was Chairman of the Committee on Government Affairs ( at the Extra Parliament of 1871 he was the Vice Chairman of the Select Committee ( Särskilda utskottet ) ) . As Speaker 1876-1880 he was in charge of the business of the Second Chamber . He entered government on 19 April 1880 , being appointed Prime Minister , following the resignation of Baron Louis De Geer . Additionally Posse was Minister of Finance from 7 December 1880 to 8 March 1881 . Prime minister and administrative court president . As prime minister , Posse now had to solve the important issues that had been on the agenda since the reform of Parliament . The issues concerned the proposed abolition of both the allotment system and the land taxes ( grundskatter ) as part of a re-organization of the military . The odds seemed to be in favor of success , since it was believed that he could count on support from old party friends , and among the opponents of the preceding governments . Large committees were appointed to report on the issues . At the Parliament of 1883 the Posse Government tabled their proposals . They promised a step-by-step removal of the land taxes , and the tenement and allotment duties . In return the Posse wanted Parliament to approve the Governments proposals to establish a military based partly on permanently drafted soldiers ( enrolled voluntarily and paid by the state ) and partly on conscription . However , the Upper Houses insistence on retaining the allotment system , and , perhaps more importantly , the Lantmanna Partys cutbacks , led to a series of dramas and a defeat for Posse , following which he resigned as Prime Minister on 13 June 1883 . He was then appointed President of the Administrative Court of Appeal , which he remained until 1889 . Political and scientific work . As member of the First Chamber for South Kalmar County 1882–1890 , Posse kept a low profile , but opposed the introduction of grain tariffs during the 1887 struggle between free traders and protectionists . He also expressed his sympathies for a moderate suffrage reform . When speaking in Parliament , Posse expressed himself succinctly and clearly , often emphatically but always with calm and dignity . He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry ( 1879 ) and an honorary member of the Royal Physiographical Society in Lund ( 1878 ) and the Royal Naval Officers Society ( 1880 ) . He died on 24 April 1901 in Stockholm . This article is translated from the equivalent Swedish-language Wikipedia article , which incorporates text from Nordisk familjebok , published 1904–1926 , now in the public domain . Relative . In 1912 , his niece , Sigrid Lindström ( née Posse ) ( 1856–1946 ) , survived the sinking of RMS Titanic as a first-class passenger . |
[
"member of the First Chamber"
] | easy | Arvid Posse took which position from 1882 to 1890? | /wiki/Arvid_Posse#P39#6 | Arvid Posse Count Arvid Rutger Fredriksson Posse ( 15 February 1820 – 24 April 1901 ) was the prime minister of Sweden from 1880 to 1883 . Family background and education . Posse was born at Rosendal manor in Malmöhus County , as the son of Governor Count Fredrik Posse and Baroness Magdalena Charlotta Bennet . In 1835 he enrolled at Lund University , receiving a law degree in 1840 . The same year , he began as a trainee at the Court of Appeal of Skåne and Blekinge ( Hovrätten över Skåne och Blekinge ) , during which time he worked both at district courts and at the Court of Appeal itself . Later , he was appointed assistant district judge ( vice häradshövding ) and in 1846 a clerk at the Court of Appeal , and in 1847 was made an associate justice at the court . In 1849 Posse left public service and resettled at Charlottenlund Manor and devoted his time to agriculture , enterprise and local politics ( being , e.g. , 1865–68 the president of Malmöhus County Council ) . Political career . Posse began his political career as a member of the House of Nobility at the Parliament of 1856–58 . He was then the Chairman of the Banking Committee ( Bankoutskottet ) . In the Parliament of 1862-63 he chaired the Appropriations Committee ( Bevillningsutskottet ) , where he was a strong proponent of the principles of free trade , which he would remain throughout his life . During this Parliament , he seriously objected to proposed amendments to the Law on Local Self-Government concerning proposed restrictions on the vote shares of larger land-owners . He feared , among other things , that the amendments , if adopted , could undermine the proposed electoral reform . Posse himself , however , did not support the reform . On the contrary , he was one of the most ardent opponents of the reform and predicted at the Parliament of 1865–66 , when he was Chairman of the Committee on Government Affairs ( Statsutskottet ) , that the fatherland would meet with an unhappy future if the reform were carried through . Among other things , he feared the new electoral system would put too much power into the hands of the agrarian interests , who would soon forget the many things that have to live both above and beside them . Notwithstanding this statement , at the first session of the Riksdag<nowiki></nowiki>s Second Chamber in 1867 , Posse became the self-appointed spokesman for the agrarian group , effectively making him the indisputed leader of the new Second Chamber . From this group was formed the Lantmanna Party , which , with Posse as leader , soon adopted an oppositional stance towards the Government . For a number of years Posse remained unquestionably the most prominent and powerful personality in Parliament , even if not the most charismatic . During 1867–1881 Posse was a member of the Second Chamber , representing the district of Herrestad och Ljunit Hundreds , outside Ystad . In 1867-75 he was Chairman of the Committee on Government Affairs ( at the Extra Parliament of 1871 he was the Vice Chairman of the Select Committee ( Särskilda utskottet ) ) . As Speaker 1876-1880 he was in charge of the business of the Second Chamber . He entered government on 19 April 1880 , being appointed Prime Minister , following the resignation of Baron Louis De Geer . Additionally Posse was Minister of Finance from 7 December 1880 to 8 March 1881 . Prime minister and administrative court president . As prime minister , Posse now had to solve the important issues that had been on the agenda since the reform of Parliament . The issues concerned the proposed abolition of both the allotment system and the land taxes ( grundskatter ) as part of a re-organization of the military . The odds seemed to be in favor of success , since it was believed that he could count on support from old party friends , and among the opponents of the preceding governments . Large committees were appointed to report on the issues . At the Parliament of 1883 the Posse Government tabled their proposals . They promised a step-by-step removal of the land taxes , and the tenement and allotment duties . In return the Posse wanted Parliament to approve the Governments proposals to establish a military based partly on permanently drafted soldiers ( enrolled voluntarily and paid by the state ) and partly on conscription . However , the Upper Houses insistence on retaining the allotment system , and , perhaps more importantly , the Lantmanna Partys cutbacks , led to a series of dramas and a defeat for Posse , following which he resigned as Prime Minister on 13 June 1883 . He was then appointed President of the Administrative Court of Appeal , which he remained until 1889 . Political and scientific work . As member of the First Chamber for South Kalmar County 1882–1890 , Posse kept a low profile , but opposed the introduction of grain tariffs during the 1887 struggle between free traders and protectionists . He also expressed his sympathies for a moderate suffrage reform . When speaking in Parliament , Posse expressed himself succinctly and clearly , often emphatically but always with calm and dignity . He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry ( 1879 ) and an honorary member of the Royal Physiographical Society in Lund ( 1878 ) and the Royal Naval Officers Society ( 1880 ) . He died on 24 April 1901 in Stockholm . This article is translated from the equivalent Swedish-language Wikipedia article , which incorporates text from Nordisk familjebok , published 1904–1926 , now in the public domain . Relative . In 1912 , his niece , Sigrid Lindström ( née Posse ) ( 1856–1946 ) , survived the sinking of RMS Titanic as a first-class passenger . |
[
"Alois Wachtel"
] | easy | Who directed or managed German Historical Institute Paris from 1966 to 1968? | /wiki/German_Historical_Institute_Paris#P1037#0 | German Historical Institute Paris The German Historical Institute Paris ( GHIP ) or Institut historique allemand ( IHA ) is an international research institute situated in Paris , France . Overview . As one of ten research institutes in humanities worldwide funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF ) , the GHIP is part of the Max Weber Foundation – German Humanities Institutes Abroad , a legal entity closely linked to the German Federal Government and located in Bonn . The GHIP has the following main tasks : research , mediation , and qualification . The historical topics range from the Middle Ages to the 21st century . Besides France , Germany and Franco-German relations research projects focus on Western Europe , Africa and the digital humanities . Since 1994 , the researchers of the GHIP have been working in the Hôtel Duret-de-Chevry , a hôtel particulier in the centrally located quarter Marais . History . The idea to found a German Historical Institute in Paris was already “an old favorite idea” of the medievalist and later president of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica Paul Fridolin Kehr , but the founding process stagnated early on in 1902/03 . A new attempt was launched in 1941 , again by a German medievalist , Theodor Mayer who wanted to underpin a “general German claim to leadership” in Europe . In the end , disputes about responsibilities delayed the project , which was eventually abandoned in the course of World War II . It was no longer the will to dominate , but rather the striving for exchange and mediation among German and French historians that led to the founding of the “Deutsche Historische Forschungsstelle” ( German Historical Research Center ) , which was inaugurated on 21 November 1958 . It was financed with German federal government grants and worked under the umbrella organization “Wissenschaftliche Kommission zur Erforschung der deutsch-französischen Beziehungen” ( Academic Commission on Franco-German Relations ) , based in Mainz . Its managing director , the medievalist Eugen Ewig , is regarded as the institutes founder . The academic intentions behind its foundation were tied to the process of Franco-German reconciliation after World War II . After many years of negotiations , one year after the signing of the Élysée Treaty , the German Historical Research Center in Paris was permanently institutionalized : on 1 July 1964 , it was renamed “German Historical Institute Paris” and turned into a dependent institution under the responsibility of the Federal Minister for Scientific Research . The medievalist Alois Wachtel from Bonn became its first director in 1966 . Alois Wachtel was succeeded as director by Karl Ferdinand Werner , who directed and significantly shaped the institute from 1968 to 1989 , especially through his research on the Early Middle Ages . He founded the journal Francia and established events such as the “Jeudis” lecture series , which exists to this day . He also initiated the institutes relocation from Rue du Havre to a building on Rue Maspéro , which today houses Germanys Permanent Representation to the OECD . The steady increase in staff and library holdings necessitated after 20 years another change of location . Shortly before Werners successor , Horst Möller ( who later also headed theInstitut für Zeitgeschichte in Munich ) , came into office , the Federal Republic of Germany bought the Hôtel Duret-de-Chevry , a Hôtel particulier whose construction was commissioned around 1620 by the senior royal official Charles Duret de Chevry near the Place des Vosges . On 19 May 1994 the new premises were inaugurated in a ceremony in the presence of then President of the Federal Republic of Germany Richard von Weizsäcker . The institute’s director from 1994 to 2007 , Werner Paravicini , focused his research especially on Burgundy in the Late Middle Ages . In 2002 , the GHIP was incorporated into the Max Weber Foundation , an institution under public law . As an umbrella organization , it unites ten partner institutions around the world today . Beginning in 2007 , the digital humanities became the main focus of Gudrun Gersmann’s directorship . She launched comprehensive projects to ( retro ) digitize holdings and founded open access initiatives such as perspectiva.net . Since 2013 , the institute has been directed by the Swiss historian Thomas Maissen , who broadened the geographical scope of the Institute . In 2015 , a research group on sub-Saharan Africa was founded in cooperation with the Cheikh Anta Diop University ( UCAD ) in Dakar , Senegal , and its Center for Research on Social Policies ( CREPOS ) . With the creation of the transnational research group “The Bureaucratisation of African Societies“ , a second cooperation phase with the CREPOS and the UCAD began in 2017 ( duration : 2017–2021 ) . The transnational research group will be part of the new „ Maria Sibylla Merian Institute for Advanced Studies in Africa“ ( MIASA ) with headquarters in Accra from mid-2018 onwards . The MIASA Africa is carried by a number of partners , among them the GHIP , and funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF ) . The program will investigate the topics of democratic governance , conflict management , and sustainable transformations . Directors . The following have been directors of the Institute : - 1966–1968 Alois Wachtel - 1968–1989 Karl Ferdinand Werner - 1989–1992 Horst Möller - 1993–2007 Werner Paravicini - 2007–2012 Gudrun Gersmann - since 2013 Thomas Maissen Mission and objectives . The main tasks of the GHIP are : research , mediation , and qualification . Research . The GHIP conducts independent research , in most cases in cooperation with French partners , and supports the endeavours of international researchers working in the area of western European and African history in France or Germany . The items held in archives and libraries in Paris , and France at large , are particularly important in this context . The historical research topics range from the Middle Ages until the 21st century . In the early phase , research projects on the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age dominated the institutes work . Much effort was invested into securing the deeds and charters of the Merovingian Empire . Beginning in the 1970s , research in the areas of modern and contemporary history also became prominent . The institute has moreover begun to expand into new research areas with its Digital Humanities department and with the founding of the international research group on “The Bureaucratisation of African Societies” in cooperation with the Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar , Senegal . In fundamental research projects , significant sources were collected and rendered available on data bases . Regularly , guest researchers work at the GHIP in order to pursue own projects and , at the same time , to enrich the institutes research . Such residencies are among others part of the GHIPs cooperation with the LabEx “Écrire une histoire nouvelle de l’Europe” EHNE . Mediation . The GHIP publishes its research findings in several formats : online , print journals and books . It manages a multilingual scientific library specialized in German history . In order to support cooperation among historians in Germany , France and around the world , the GHIP regularly hosts international colloquia , seminars and talks , for instance in the context of the “Jeudis de l’Institut historique allemand” lecture series Moreover , it takes part as a partner in German-French as well as international historical conferences . Qualification . The GHIP supports young researchers in a German-French context with a wide range of opportunities . Summer schools , academic skills , language classes as well as field trips allow students to broaden their research horizons and to exchange with students and scholars from other countries . A wide offer of grants and fellowships enables residencies of various lengths in Paris , which are organized according to the specific needs and expectations of Master students , PhD candidates , post-doctoral researchers , and professors . Organization and research projects . At the GHIP , approximately forty staff members work in research and research services ( library , editorial staff , event management , public relations ) . An academic advisory board composed of nine German and French university professors of all historical periods supports and advises the work of the GHIP . The research projects are divided into five departments : Middle Ages , Early Modern History , Contemporary History , Digital Humanities and Africa . Library . The library of the GHIP is accessible for all scholars free of cost after the issuing of a library card . Forty-six reading stations and four catalogue terminals with Internet access are available in the reading room . The collections are indexed in a library catalogue . The institutes library is a reference library ; it does not lend out items . The library is connected to the German interlibrary loan . At present , it holds a total of approximately 120,000 media items and 350 continuously maintained periodicals . Besides its extensive collection on German and French history , the library has extensive special material on the relations between Germany and France as well as numerous items on western European history and German national history . A significant focus of the periodical collection is set on German regional journals . The library blogs Franco-Fil and Germano-Fil for information resources in France and Germany as well as regularly occurring seminars on information competence provide a useful research support for scholars . Publications . The GHIP publishes the own research findings as well as outstanding theses . A consistent access strategy allows to find all publications online . Since 1973 , “Francia” has appeared as the only German historical journal dedicated to the history of Western Europe . The articles are written in German , French or English . Their subject matter and timespan ranges from fourth-century archaeology to recent relationships between France and Germany . The “Francia” review catalogue has been released online since 2008 four times yearly as “Francia-Recensio” . The volumes from the series “Beihefte der Francia” ( Francia Supplements ) , which was founded in 1975 , appear in French , English or German , similar to the journals language practice . The same is true for the GHIPs oldest book series published since 1962 , the “Pariser Historische Studien” ( Paris Historical Studies ) . The series “Studies and Documents on the Gallia Pontificia” is constituted of articles and source editions from the research area on deeds and letters of popes in France . The 2005 initiated eleven-volume series “German-French History” appears in German and French and comprises the time span between 800 and the present . As the project carrier of de.hypotheses.org , the GHIP operates thematic scientific blogs in addition to cross-epochal methodological blogs . The results of completed fundamental research projects of the GHIP as well as podcasts recordings of numerous lectures , which took place at the GHIP , are available on the website of the institute . Past colloquia and conferences such as the “discussions” are digitized retrospectively . Moreover , the GHIP is a partner of the German-French Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences “Trivium” , which renders translated outstanding French and German research accessible . Bibliography . - Karl Ferdinand Werner : Deutsches Historisches Institut 1958–1983 . Institut Historique Allemand 1958–1983 , Paris 1983 . - Gerd Krumeich : Das Deutsche Historische Institut in Paris ( DHIP ) . In : Geschichte und Gesellschaft 13 ( 1987 ) , p . 267–271 . - Werner Paravicini ( ed. ) : Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris . Festgabe aus Anlaß der Eröffnung seines neuen Gebäudes , des Hôtel Duret-de-Chevry , Thorbecke , Sigmaringen 1994 . - idem : Du franco-allemand à l’histoire européenne . L’Institut historique allemand de Paris depuis 1964 . In Allemagne d’aujourd’hui 162 ( 2002 ) , p . 150–156 . - idem : L’Institut historique allemand . Un lieu de recherche européenne à Paris . In : Précis analytique des travaux de l‘Académie des sciences , belles-lettres et arts de Rouen , 2003 ( published December 2006 ) , p . 225–234 . - idem : Wie ist es eigentlich gewesen ? Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris . In : Revue des Deux Mondes , Paris 2005 , p . 223–227 . – L’Institut historique allemand de Paris : ce qui s’est réellement passé . In : Revue des Deux Mondes , Paris 2005 , . - Ulrich Pfeil : Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris . Eine Neugründung »sur base universitaire« . In idem ( ed. ) : Deutsch-französische Kultur- und Wissenschaftsbeziehungen im 20 . Jahrhundert . Ein institutionengeschichtlicher Ansatz , Oldenbourg , Munich 2007 , p . 281–308 . perspectivia.net - idem : Vorgeschichte und Gründung des „Deutschen Historischen Instituts“ Paris . Darstellung und Dokumentation , Instrumenta 17 , Thorbecke , Ostfildern 2007 . perspectivia.net - idem ( ed. ) : Das „Deutsche Historische Institut“ Paris und seine Gründungsväter . Ein personengeschichtlicher Ansatz. , Pariser Historische Studien 86 , Oldenbourg , Munich 2007 . perspectivia.net - idem , Die Gründung des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Paris im Jahre 1958 , in : Axel C . Hüntelmann , Michael C . Schneider ( ed. ) , Jenseits von Humboldt . Wissenschaft im Staat 1850–1990 , Frankfurt/M . 2010 , p . 49–60 . - Rainer Babel , Rolf Große ( ed. ) : Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris / Institut historique allemand 1958–2008 , Thorbecke , Ostfildern , 2008 . perspectivia.net - Rolf Große , Frankreichforschung am Deutschen Historischen Institut Paris , in : Jahrbuch der historischen Forschung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland , Munich 2013 , p . 21–27 . hypotheses.org - Matthias Werner : Die Anfänge des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Paris und die Rückkehr der deutschen Geschichtswissenschaft in die „Ökumene der Historiker“ , in : Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter 79 ( 2015 ) , p . 212-245 . - Rolf Große , Die Entstehungsgeschichte des DHI Paris , in : Jürgen Elvert ( ed. ) , Geschichte jenseits der Universität . Netzwerke und Organisationen der frühen Bundesrepublik , Stuttgart 2016 ( Historische Mitteilungen , Beiheft , 94 ) , p . 141‒153 . External links . - GHIP website - Max Weber Foundation - Francia – online - Pariser Historische Studien – online - Beihefte der Francia – online - Discussions – online - Studien und Dokumente zur Gallia Pontificia – online - Trivium Journal - De.Hypotheses.org - Francia-Recensio |
[
"Karl Ferdinand Werner"
] | easy | German Historical Institute Paris was managed or directed by whom from 1968 to 1989? | /wiki/German_Historical_Institute_Paris#P1037#1 | German Historical Institute Paris The German Historical Institute Paris ( GHIP ) or Institut historique allemand ( IHA ) is an international research institute situated in Paris , France . Overview . As one of ten research institutes in humanities worldwide funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF ) , the GHIP is part of the Max Weber Foundation – German Humanities Institutes Abroad , a legal entity closely linked to the German Federal Government and located in Bonn . The GHIP has the following main tasks : research , mediation , and qualification . The historical topics range from the Middle Ages to the 21st century . Besides France , Germany and Franco-German relations research projects focus on Western Europe , Africa and the digital humanities . Since 1994 , the researchers of the GHIP have been working in the Hôtel Duret-de-Chevry , a hôtel particulier in the centrally located quarter Marais . History . The idea to found a German Historical Institute in Paris was already “an old favorite idea” of the medievalist and later president of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica Paul Fridolin Kehr , but the founding process stagnated early on in 1902/03 . A new attempt was launched in 1941 , again by a German medievalist , Theodor Mayer who wanted to underpin a “general German claim to leadership” in Europe . In the end , disputes about responsibilities delayed the project , which was eventually abandoned in the course of World War II . It was no longer the will to dominate , but rather the striving for exchange and mediation among German and French historians that led to the founding of the “Deutsche Historische Forschungsstelle” ( German Historical Research Center ) , which was inaugurated on 21 November 1958 . It was financed with German federal government grants and worked under the umbrella organization “Wissenschaftliche Kommission zur Erforschung der deutsch-französischen Beziehungen” ( Academic Commission on Franco-German Relations ) , based in Mainz . Its managing director , the medievalist Eugen Ewig , is regarded as the institutes founder . The academic intentions behind its foundation were tied to the process of Franco-German reconciliation after World War II . After many years of negotiations , one year after the signing of the Élysée Treaty , the German Historical Research Center in Paris was permanently institutionalized : on 1 July 1964 , it was renamed “German Historical Institute Paris” and turned into a dependent institution under the responsibility of the Federal Minister for Scientific Research . The medievalist Alois Wachtel from Bonn became its first director in 1966 . Alois Wachtel was succeeded as director by Karl Ferdinand Werner , who directed and significantly shaped the institute from 1968 to 1989 , especially through his research on the Early Middle Ages . He founded the journal Francia and established events such as the “Jeudis” lecture series , which exists to this day . He also initiated the institutes relocation from Rue du Havre to a building on Rue Maspéro , which today houses Germanys Permanent Representation to the OECD . The steady increase in staff and library holdings necessitated after 20 years another change of location . Shortly before Werners successor , Horst Möller ( who later also headed theInstitut für Zeitgeschichte in Munich ) , came into office , the Federal Republic of Germany bought the Hôtel Duret-de-Chevry , a Hôtel particulier whose construction was commissioned around 1620 by the senior royal official Charles Duret de Chevry near the Place des Vosges . On 19 May 1994 the new premises were inaugurated in a ceremony in the presence of then President of the Federal Republic of Germany Richard von Weizsäcker . The institute’s director from 1994 to 2007 , Werner Paravicini , focused his research especially on Burgundy in the Late Middle Ages . In 2002 , the GHIP was incorporated into the Max Weber Foundation , an institution under public law . As an umbrella organization , it unites ten partner institutions around the world today . Beginning in 2007 , the digital humanities became the main focus of Gudrun Gersmann’s directorship . She launched comprehensive projects to ( retro ) digitize holdings and founded open access initiatives such as perspectiva.net . Since 2013 , the institute has been directed by the Swiss historian Thomas Maissen , who broadened the geographical scope of the Institute . In 2015 , a research group on sub-Saharan Africa was founded in cooperation with the Cheikh Anta Diop University ( UCAD ) in Dakar , Senegal , and its Center for Research on Social Policies ( CREPOS ) . With the creation of the transnational research group “The Bureaucratisation of African Societies“ , a second cooperation phase with the CREPOS and the UCAD began in 2017 ( duration : 2017–2021 ) . The transnational research group will be part of the new „ Maria Sibylla Merian Institute for Advanced Studies in Africa“ ( MIASA ) with headquarters in Accra from mid-2018 onwards . The MIASA Africa is carried by a number of partners , among them the GHIP , and funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF ) . The program will investigate the topics of democratic governance , conflict management , and sustainable transformations . Directors . The following have been directors of the Institute : - 1966–1968 Alois Wachtel - 1968–1989 Karl Ferdinand Werner - 1989–1992 Horst Möller - 1993–2007 Werner Paravicini - 2007–2012 Gudrun Gersmann - since 2013 Thomas Maissen Mission and objectives . The main tasks of the GHIP are : research , mediation , and qualification . Research . The GHIP conducts independent research , in most cases in cooperation with French partners , and supports the endeavours of international researchers working in the area of western European and African history in France or Germany . The items held in archives and libraries in Paris , and France at large , are particularly important in this context . The historical research topics range from the Middle Ages until the 21st century . In the early phase , research projects on the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age dominated the institutes work . Much effort was invested into securing the deeds and charters of the Merovingian Empire . Beginning in the 1970s , research in the areas of modern and contemporary history also became prominent . The institute has moreover begun to expand into new research areas with its Digital Humanities department and with the founding of the international research group on “The Bureaucratisation of African Societies” in cooperation with the Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar , Senegal . In fundamental research projects , significant sources were collected and rendered available on data bases . Regularly , guest researchers work at the GHIP in order to pursue own projects and , at the same time , to enrich the institutes research . Such residencies are among others part of the GHIPs cooperation with the LabEx “Écrire une histoire nouvelle de l’Europe” EHNE . Mediation . The GHIP publishes its research findings in several formats : online , print journals and books . It manages a multilingual scientific library specialized in German history . In order to support cooperation among historians in Germany , France and around the world , the GHIP regularly hosts international colloquia , seminars and talks , for instance in the context of the “Jeudis de l’Institut historique allemand” lecture series Moreover , it takes part as a partner in German-French as well as international historical conferences . Qualification . The GHIP supports young researchers in a German-French context with a wide range of opportunities . Summer schools , academic skills , language classes as well as field trips allow students to broaden their research horizons and to exchange with students and scholars from other countries . A wide offer of grants and fellowships enables residencies of various lengths in Paris , which are organized according to the specific needs and expectations of Master students , PhD candidates , post-doctoral researchers , and professors . Organization and research projects . At the GHIP , approximately forty staff members work in research and research services ( library , editorial staff , event management , public relations ) . An academic advisory board composed of nine German and French university professors of all historical periods supports and advises the work of the GHIP . The research projects are divided into five departments : Middle Ages , Early Modern History , Contemporary History , Digital Humanities and Africa . Library . The library of the GHIP is accessible for all scholars free of cost after the issuing of a library card . Forty-six reading stations and four catalogue terminals with Internet access are available in the reading room . The collections are indexed in a library catalogue . The institutes library is a reference library ; it does not lend out items . The library is connected to the German interlibrary loan . At present , it holds a total of approximately 120,000 media items and 350 continuously maintained periodicals . Besides its extensive collection on German and French history , the library has extensive special material on the relations between Germany and France as well as numerous items on western European history and German national history . A significant focus of the periodical collection is set on German regional journals . The library blogs Franco-Fil and Germano-Fil for information resources in France and Germany as well as regularly occurring seminars on information competence provide a useful research support for scholars . Publications . The GHIP publishes the own research findings as well as outstanding theses . A consistent access strategy allows to find all publications online . Since 1973 , “Francia” has appeared as the only German historical journal dedicated to the history of Western Europe . The articles are written in German , French or English . Their subject matter and timespan ranges from fourth-century archaeology to recent relationships between France and Germany . The “Francia” review catalogue has been released online since 2008 four times yearly as “Francia-Recensio” . The volumes from the series “Beihefte der Francia” ( Francia Supplements ) , which was founded in 1975 , appear in French , English or German , similar to the journals language practice . The same is true for the GHIPs oldest book series published since 1962 , the “Pariser Historische Studien” ( Paris Historical Studies ) . The series “Studies and Documents on the Gallia Pontificia” is constituted of articles and source editions from the research area on deeds and letters of popes in France . The 2005 initiated eleven-volume series “German-French History” appears in German and French and comprises the time span between 800 and the present . As the project carrier of de.hypotheses.org , the GHIP operates thematic scientific blogs in addition to cross-epochal methodological blogs . The results of completed fundamental research projects of the GHIP as well as podcasts recordings of numerous lectures , which took place at the GHIP , are available on the website of the institute . Past colloquia and conferences such as the “discussions” are digitized retrospectively . Moreover , the GHIP is a partner of the German-French Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences “Trivium” , which renders translated outstanding French and German research accessible . Bibliography . - Karl Ferdinand Werner : Deutsches Historisches Institut 1958–1983 . Institut Historique Allemand 1958–1983 , Paris 1983 . - Gerd Krumeich : Das Deutsche Historische Institut in Paris ( DHIP ) . In : Geschichte und Gesellschaft 13 ( 1987 ) , p . 267–271 . - Werner Paravicini ( ed. ) : Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris . Festgabe aus Anlaß der Eröffnung seines neuen Gebäudes , des Hôtel Duret-de-Chevry , Thorbecke , Sigmaringen 1994 . - idem : Du franco-allemand à l’histoire européenne . L’Institut historique allemand de Paris depuis 1964 . In Allemagne d’aujourd’hui 162 ( 2002 ) , p . 150–156 . - idem : L’Institut historique allemand . Un lieu de recherche européenne à Paris . In : Précis analytique des travaux de l‘Académie des sciences , belles-lettres et arts de Rouen , 2003 ( published December 2006 ) , p . 225–234 . - idem : Wie ist es eigentlich gewesen ? Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris . In : Revue des Deux Mondes , Paris 2005 , p . 223–227 . – L’Institut historique allemand de Paris : ce qui s’est réellement passé . In : Revue des Deux Mondes , Paris 2005 , . - Ulrich Pfeil : Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris . Eine Neugründung »sur base universitaire« . In idem ( ed. ) : Deutsch-französische Kultur- und Wissenschaftsbeziehungen im 20 . Jahrhundert . Ein institutionengeschichtlicher Ansatz , Oldenbourg , Munich 2007 , p . 281–308 . perspectivia.net - idem : Vorgeschichte und Gründung des „Deutschen Historischen Instituts“ Paris . Darstellung und Dokumentation , Instrumenta 17 , Thorbecke , Ostfildern 2007 . perspectivia.net - idem ( ed. ) : Das „Deutsche Historische Institut“ Paris und seine Gründungsväter . Ein personengeschichtlicher Ansatz. , Pariser Historische Studien 86 , Oldenbourg , Munich 2007 . perspectivia.net - idem , Die Gründung des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Paris im Jahre 1958 , in : Axel C . Hüntelmann , Michael C . Schneider ( ed. ) , Jenseits von Humboldt . Wissenschaft im Staat 1850–1990 , Frankfurt/M . 2010 , p . 49–60 . - Rainer Babel , Rolf Große ( ed. ) : Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris / Institut historique allemand 1958–2008 , Thorbecke , Ostfildern , 2008 . perspectivia.net - Rolf Große , Frankreichforschung am Deutschen Historischen Institut Paris , in : Jahrbuch der historischen Forschung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland , Munich 2013 , p . 21–27 . hypotheses.org - Matthias Werner : Die Anfänge des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Paris und die Rückkehr der deutschen Geschichtswissenschaft in die „Ökumene der Historiker“ , in : Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter 79 ( 2015 ) , p . 212-245 . - Rolf Große , Die Entstehungsgeschichte des DHI Paris , in : Jürgen Elvert ( ed. ) , Geschichte jenseits der Universität . Netzwerke und Organisationen der frühen Bundesrepublik , Stuttgart 2016 ( Historische Mitteilungen , Beiheft , 94 ) , p . 141‒153 . External links . - GHIP website - Max Weber Foundation - Francia – online - Pariser Historische Studien – online - Beihefte der Francia – online - Discussions – online - Studien und Dokumente zur Gallia Pontificia – online - Trivium Journal - De.Hypotheses.org - Francia-Recensio |
[
"Horst Möller"
] | easy | Who directed or managed German Historical Institute Paris from Apr 1989 to Mar 1992? | /wiki/German_Historical_Institute_Paris#P1037#2 | German Historical Institute Paris The German Historical Institute Paris ( GHIP ) or Institut historique allemand ( IHA ) is an international research institute situated in Paris , France . Overview . As one of ten research institutes in humanities worldwide funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF ) , the GHIP is part of the Max Weber Foundation – German Humanities Institutes Abroad , a legal entity closely linked to the German Federal Government and located in Bonn . The GHIP has the following main tasks : research , mediation , and qualification . The historical topics range from the Middle Ages to the 21st century . Besides France , Germany and Franco-German relations research projects focus on Western Europe , Africa and the digital humanities . Since 1994 , the researchers of the GHIP have been working in the Hôtel Duret-de-Chevry , a hôtel particulier in the centrally located quarter Marais . History . The idea to found a German Historical Institute in Paris was already “an old favorite idea” of the medievalist and later president of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica Paul Fridolin Kehr , but the founding process stagnated early on in 1902/03 . A new attempt was launched in 1941 , again by a German medievalist , Theodor Mayer who wanted to underpin a “general German claim to leadership” in Europe . In the end , disputes about responsibilities delayed the project , which was eventually abandoned in the course of World War II . It was no longer the will to dominate , but rather the striving for exchange and mediation among German and French historians that led to the founding of the “Deutsche Historische Forschungsstelle” ( German Historical Research Center ) , which was inaugurated on 21 November 1958 . It was financed with German federal government grants and worked under the umbrella organization “Wissenschaftliche Kommission zur Erforschung der deutsch-französischen Beziehungen” ( Academic Commission on Franco-German Relations ) , based in Mainz . Its managing director , the medievalist Eugen Ewig , is regarded as the institutes founder . The academic intentions behind its foundation were tied to the process of Franco-German reconciliation after World War II . After many years of negotiations , one year after the signing of the Élysée Treaty , the German Historical Research Center in Paris was permanently institutionalized : on 1 July 1964 , it was renamed “German Historical Institute Paris” and turned into a dependent institution under the responsibility of the Federal Minister for Scientific Research . The medievalist Alois Wachtel from Bonn became its first director in 1966 . Alois Wachtel was succeeded as director by Karl Ferdinand Werner , who directed and significantly shaped the institute from 1968 to 1989 , especially through his research on the Early Middle Ages . He founded the journal Francia and established events such as the “Jeudis” lecture series , which exists to this day . He also initiated the institutes relocation from Rue du Havre to a building on Rue Maspéro , which today houses Germanys Permanent Representation to the OECD . The steady increase in staff and library holdings necessitated after 20 years another change of location . Shortly before Werners successor , Horst Möller ( who later also headed theInstitut für Zeitgeschichte in Munich ) , came into office , the Federal Republic of Germany bought the Hôtel Duret-de-Chevry , a Hôtel particulier whose construction was commissioned around 1620 by the senior royal official Charles Duret de Chevry near the Place des Vosges . On 19 May 1994 the new premises were inaugurated in a ceremony in the presence of then President of the Federal Republic of Germany Richard von Weizsäcker . The institute’s director from 1994 to 2007 , Werner Paravicini , focused his research especially on Burgundy in the Late Middle Ages . In 2002 , the GHIP was incorporated into the Max Weber Foundation , an institution under public law . As an umbrella organization , it unites ten partner institutions around the world today . Beginning in 2007 , the digital humanities became the main focus of Gudrun Gersmann’s directorship . She launched comprehensive projects to ( retro ) digitize holdings and founded open access initiatives such as perspectiva.net . Since 2013 , the institute has been directed by the Swiss historian Thomas Maissen , who broadened the geographical scope of the Institute . In 2015 , a research group on sub-Saharan Africa was founded in cooperation with the Cheikh Anta Diop University ( UCAD ) in Dakar , Senegal , and its Center for Research on Social Policies ( CREPOS ) . With the creation of the transnational research group “The Bureaucratisation of African Societies“ , a second cooperation phase with the CREPOS and the UCAD began in 2017 ( duration : 2017–2021 ) . The transnational research group will be part of the new „ Maria Sibylla Merian Institute for Advanced Studies in Africa“ ( MIASA ) with headquarters in Accra from mid-2018 onwards . The MIASA Africa is carried by a number of partners , among them the GHIP , and funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF ) . The program will investigate the topics of democratic governance , conflict management , and sustainable transformations . Directors . The following have been directors of the Institute : - 1966–1968 Alois Wachtel - 1968–1989 Karl Ferdinand Werner - 1989–1992 Horst Möller - 1993–2007 Werner Paravicini - 2007–2012 Gudrun Gersmann - since 2013 Thomas Maissen Mission and objectives . The main tasks of the GHIP are : research , mediation , and qualification . Research . The GHIP conducts independent research , in most cases in cooperation with French partners , and supports the endeavours of international researchers working in the area of western European and African history in France or Germany . The items held in archives and libraries in Paris , and France at large , are particularly important in this context . The historical research topics range from the Middle Ages until the 21st century . In the early phase , research projects on the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age dominated the institutes work . Much effort was invested into securing the deeds and charters of the Merovingian Empire . Beginning in the 1970s , research in the areas of modern and contemporary history also became prominent . The institute has moreover begun to expand into new research areas with its Digital Humanities department and with the founding of the international research group on “The Bureaucratisation of African Societies” in cooperation with the Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar , Senegal . In fundamental research projects , significant sources were collected and rendered available on data bases . Regularly , guest researchers work at the GHIP in order to pursue own projects and , at the same time , to enrich the institutes research . Such residencies are among others part of the GHIPs cooperation with the LabEx “Écrire une histoire nouvelle de l’Europe” EHNE . Mediation . The GHIP publishes its research findings in several formats : online , print journals and books . It manages a multilingual scientific library specialized in German history . In order to support cooperation among historians in Germany , France and around the world , the GHIP regularly hosts international colloquia , seminars and talks , for instance in the context of the “Jeudis de l’Institut historique allemand” lecture series Moreover , it takes part as a partner in German-French as well as international historical conferences . Qualification . The GHIP supports young researchers in a German-French context with a wide range of opportunities . Summer schools , academic skills , language classes as well as field trips allow students to broaden their research horizons and to exchange with students and scholars from other countries . A wide offer of grants and fellowships enables residencies of various lengths in Paris , which are organized according to the specific needs and expectations of Master students , PhD candidates , post-doctoral researchers , and professors . Organization and research projects . At the GHIP , approximately forty staff members work in research and research services ( library , editorial staff , event management , public relations ) . An academic advisory board composed of nine German and French university professors of all historical periods supports and advises the work of the GHIP . The research projects are divided into five departments : Middle Ages , Early Modern History , Contemporary History , Digital Humanities and Africa . Library . The library of the GHIP is accessible for all scholars free of cost after the issuing of a library card . Forty-six reading stations and four catalogue terminals with Internet access are available in the reading room . The collections are indexed in a library catalogue . The institutes library is a reference library ; it does not lend out items . The library is connected to the German interlibrary loan . At present , it holds a total of approximately 120,000 media items and 350 continuously maintained periodicals . Besides its extensive collection on German and French history , the library has extensive special material on the relations between Germany and France as well as numerous items on western European history and German national history . A significant focus of the periodical collection is set on German regional journals . The library blogs Franco-Fil and Germano-Fil for information resources in France and Germany as well as regularly occurring seminars on information competence provide a useful research support for scholars . Publications . The GHIP publishes the own research findings as well as outstanding theses . A consistent access strategy allows to find all publications online . Since 1973 , “Francia” has appeared as the only German historical journal dedicated to the history of Western Europe . The articles are written in German , French or English . Their subject matter and timespan ranges from fourth-century archaeology to recent relationships between France and Germany . The “Francia” review catalogue has been released online since 2008 four times yearly as “Francia-Recensio” . The volumes from the series “Beihefte der Francia” ( Francia Supplements ) , which was founded in 1975 , appear in French , English or German , similar to the journals language practice . The same is true for the GHIPs oldest book series published since 1962 , the “Pariser Historische Studien” ( Paris Historical Studies ) . The series “Studies and Documents on the Gallia Pontificia” is constituted of articles and source editions from the research area on deeds and letters of popes in France . The 2005 initiated eleven-volume series “German-French History” appears in German and French and comprises the time span between 800 and the present . As the project carrier of de.hypotheses.org , the GHIP operates thematic scientific blogs in addition to cross-epochal methodological blogs . The results of completed fundamental research projects of the GHIP as well as podcasts recordings of numerous lectures , which took place at the GHIP , are available on the website of the institute . Past colloquia and conferences such as the “discussions” are digitized retrospectively . Moreover , the GHIP is a partner of the German-French Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences “Trivium” , which renders translated outstanding French and German research accessible . Bibliography . - Karl Ferdinand Werner : Deutsches Historisches Institut 1958–1983 . Institut Historique Allemand 1958–1983 , Paris 1983 . - Gerd Krumeich : Das Deutsche Historische Institut in Paris ( DHIP ) . In : Geschichte und Gesellschaft 13 ( 1987 ) , p . 267–271 . - Werner Paravicini ( ed. ) : Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris . Festgabe aus Anlaß der Eröffnung seines neuen Gebäudes , des Hôtel Duret-de-Chevry , Thorbecke , Sigmaringen 1994 . - idem : Du franco-allemand à l’histoire européenne . L’Institut historique allemand de Paris depuis 1964 . In Allemagne d’aujourd’hui 162 ( 2002 ) , p . 150–156 . - idem : L’Institut historique allemand . Un lieu de recherche européenne à Paris . In : Précis analytique des travaux de l‘Académie des sciences , belles-lettres et arts de Rouen , 2003 ( published December 2006 ) , p . 225–234 . - idem : Wie ist es eigentlich gewesen ? Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris . In : Revue des Deux Mondes , Paris 2005 , p . 223–227 . – L’Institut historique allemand de Paris : ce qui s’est réellement passé . In : Revue des Deux Mondes , Paris 2005 , . - Ulrich Pfeil : Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris . Eine Neugründung »sur base universitaire« . In idem ( ed. ) : Deutsch-französische Kultur- und Wissenschaftsbeziehungen im 20 . Jahrhundert . Ein institutionengeschichtlicher Ansatz , Oldenbourg , Munich 2007 , p . 281–308 . perspectivia.net - idem : Vorgeschichte und Gründung des „Deutschen Historischen Instituts“ Paris . Darstellung und Dokumentation , Instrumenta 17 , Thorbecke , Ostfildern 2007 . perspectivia.net - idem ( ed. ) : Das „Deutsche Historische Institut“ Paris und seine Gründungsväter . Ein personengeschichtlicher Ansatz. , Pariser Historische Studien 86 , Oldenbourg , Munich 2007 . perspectivia.net - idem , Die Gründung des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Paris im Jahre 1958 , in : Axel C . Hüntelmann , Michael C . Schneider ( ed. ) , Jenseits von Humboldt . Wissenschaft im Staat 1850–1990 , Frankfurt/M . 2010 , p . 49–60 . - Rainer Babel , Rolf Große ( ed. ) : Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris / Institut historique allemand 1958–2008 , Thorbecke , Ostfildern , 2008 . perspectivia.net - Rolf Große , Frankreichforschung am Deutschen Historischen Institut Paris , in : Jahrbuch der historischen Forschung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland , Munich 2013 , p . 21–27 . hypotheses.org - Matthias Werner : Die Anfänge des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Paris und die Rückkehr der deutschen Geschichtswissenschaft in die „Ökumene der Historiker“ , in : Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter 79 ( 2015 ) , p . 212-245 . - Rolf Große , Die Entstehungsgeschichte des DHI Paris , in : Jürgen Elvert ( ed. ) , Geschichte jenseits der Universität . Netzwerke und Organisationen der frühen Bundesrepublik , Stuttgart 2016 ( Historische Mitteilungen , Beiheft , 94 ) , p . 141‒153 . External links . - GHIP website - Max Weber Foundation - Francia – online - Pariser Historische Studien – online - Beihefte der Francia – online - Discussions – online - Studien und Dokumente zur Gallia Pontificia – online - Trivium Journal - De.Hypotheses.org - Francia-Recensio |
[
"Werner Paravicini"
] | easy | Who directed or managed German Historical Institute Paris from 1993 to 2007? | /wiki/German_Historical_Institute_Paris#P1037#3 | German Historical Institute Paris The German Historical Institute Paris ( GHIP ) or Institut historique allemand ( IHA ) is an international research institute situated in Paris , France . Overview . As one of ten research institutes in humanities worldwide funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF ) , the GHIP is part of the Max Weber Foundation – German Humanities Institutes Abroad , a legal entity closely linked to the German Federal Government and located in Bonn . The GHIP has the following main tasks : research , mediation , and qualification . The historical topics range from the Middle Ages to the 21st century . Besides France , Germany and Franco-German relations research projects focus on Western Europe , Africa and the digital humanities . Since 1994 , the researchers of the GHIP have been working in the Hôtel Duret-de-Chevry , a hôtel particulier in the centrally located quarter Marais . History . The idea to found a German Historical Institute in Paris was already “an old favorite idea” of the medievalist and later president of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica Paul Fridolin Kehr , but the founding process stagnated early on in 1902/03 . A new attempt was launched in 1941 , again by a German medievalist , Theodor Mayer who wanted to underpin a “general German claim to leadership” in Europe . In the end , disputes about responsibilities delayed the project , which was eventually abandoned in the course of World War II . It was no longer the will to dominate , but rather the striving for exchange and mediation among German and French historians that led to the founding of the “Deutsche Historische Forschungsstelle” ( German Historical Research Center ) , which was inaugurated on 21 November 1958 . It was financed with German federal government grants and worked under the umbrella organization “Wissenschaftliche Kommission zur Erforschung der deutsch-französischen Beziehungen” ( Academic Commission on Franco-German Relations ) , based in Mainz . Its managing director , the medievalist Eugen Ewig , is regarded as the institutes founder . The academic intentions behind its foundation were tied to the process of Franco-German reconciliation after World War II . After many years of negotiations , one year after the signing of the Élysée Treaty , the German Historical Research Center in Paris was permanently institutionalized : on 1 July 1964 , it was renamed “German Historical Institute Paris” and turned into a dependent institution under the responsibility of the Federal Minister for Scientific Research . The medievalist Alois Wachtel from Bonn became its first director in 1966 . Alois Wachtel was succeeded as director by Karl Ferdinand Werner , who directed and significantly shaped the institute from 1968 to 1989 , especially through his research on the Early Middle Ages . He founded the journal Francia and established events such as the “Jeudis” lecture series , which exists to this day . He also initiated the institutes relocation from Rue du Havre to a building on Rue Maspéro , which today houses Germanys Permanent Representation to the OECD . The steady increase in staff and library holdings necessitated after 20 years another change of location . Shortly before Werners successor , Horst Möller ( who later also headed theInstitut für Zeitgeschichte in Munich ) , came into office , the Federal Republic of Germany bought the Hôtel Duret-de-Chevry , a Hôtel particulier whose construction was commissioned around 1620 by the senior royal official Charles Duret de Chevry near the Place des Vosges . On 19 May 1994 the new premises were inaugurated in a ceremony in the presence of then President of the Federal Republic of Germany Richard von Weizsäcker . The institute’s director from 1994 to 2007 , Werner Paravicini , focused his research especially on Burgundy in the Late Middle Ages . In 2002 , the GHIP was incorporated into the Max Weber Foundation , an institution under public law . As an umbrella organization , it unites ten partner institutions around the world today . Beginning in 2007 , the digital humanities became the main focus of Gudrun Gersmann’s directorship . She launched comprehensive projects to ( retro ) digitize holdings and founded open access initiatives such as perspectiva.net . Since 2013 , the institute has been directed by the Swiss historian Thomas Maissen , who broadened the geographical scope of the Institute . In 2015 , a research group on sub-Saharan Africa was founded in cooperation with the Cheikh Anta Diop University ( UCAD ) in Dakar , Senegal , and its Center for Research on Social Policies ( CREPOS ) . With the creation of the transnational research group “The Bureaucratisation of African Societies“ , a second cooperation phase with the CREPOS and the UCAD began in 2017 ( duration : 2017–2021 ) . The transnational research group will be part of the new „ Maria Sibylla Merian Institute for Advanced Studies in Africa“ ( MIASA ) with headquarters in Accra from mid-2018 onwards . The MIASA Africa is carried by a number of partners , among them the GHIP , and funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF ) . The program will investigate the topics of democratic governance , conflict management , and sustainable transformations . Directors . The following have been directors of the Institute : - 1966–1968 Alois Wachtel - 1968–1989 Karl Ferdinand Werner - 1989–1992 Horst Möller - 1993–2007 Werner Paravicini - 2007–2012 Gudrun Gersmann - since 2013 Thomas Maissen Mission and objectives . The main tasks of the GHIP are : research , mediation , and qualification . Research . The GHIP conducts independent research , in most cases in cooperation with French partners , and supports the endeavours of international researchers working in the area of western European and African history in France or Germany . The items held in archives and libraries in Paris , and France at large , are particularly important in this context . The historical research topics range from the Middle Ages until the 21st century . In the early phase , research projects on the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age dominated the institutes work . Much effort was invested into securing the deeds and charters of the Merovingian Empire . Beginning in the 1970s , research in the areas of modern and contemporary history also became prominent . The institute has moreover begun to expand into new research areas with its Digital Humanities department and with the founding of the international research group on “The Bureaucratisation of African Societies” in cooperation with the Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar , Senegal . In fundamental research projects , significant sources were collected and rendered available on data bases . Regularly , guest researchers work at the GHIP in order to pursue own projects and , at the same time , to enrich the institutes research . Such residencies are among others part of the GHIPs cooperation with the LabEx “Écrire une histoire nouvelle de l’Europe” EHNE . Mediation . The GHIP publishes its research findings in several formats : online , print journals and books . It manages a multilingual scientific library specialized in German history . In order to support cooperation among historians in Germany , France and around the world , the GHIP regularly hosts international colloquia , seminars and talks , for instance in the context of the “Jeudis de l’Institut historique allemand” lecture series Moreover , it takes part as a partner in German-French as well as international historical conferences . Qualification . The GHIP supports young researchers in a German-French context with a wide range of opportunities . Summer schools , academic skills , language classes as well as field trips allow students to broaden their research horizons and to exchange with students and scholars from other countries . A wide offer of grants and fellowships enables residencies of various lengths in Paris , which are organized according to the specific needs and expectations of Master students , PhD candidates , post-doctoral researchers , and professors . Organization and research projects . At the GHIP , approximately forty staff members work in research and research services ( library , editorial staff , event management , public relations ) . An academic advisory board composed of nine German and French university professors of all historical periods supports and advises the work of the GHIP . The research projects are divided into five departments : Middle Ages , Early Modern History , Contemporary History , Digital Humanities and Africa . Library . The library of the GHIP is accessible for all scholars free of cost after the issuing of a library card . Forty-six reading stations and four catalogue terminals with Internet access are available in the reading room . The collections are indexed in a library catalogue . The institutes library is a reference library ; it does not lend out items . The library is connected to the German interlibrary loan . At present , it holds a total of approximately 120,000 media items and 350 continuously maintained periodicals . Besides its extensive collection on German and French history , the library has extensive special material on the relations between Germany and France as well as numerous items on western European history and German national history . A significant focus of the periodical collection is set on German regional journals . The library blogs Franco-Fil and Germano-Fil for information resources in France and Germany as well as regularly occurring seminars on information competence provide a useful research support for scholars . Publications . The GHIP publishes the own research findings as well as outstanding theses . A consistent access strategy allows to find all publications online . Since 1973 , “Francia” has appeared as the only German historical journal dedicated to the history of Western Europe . The articles are written in German , French or English . Their subject matter and timespan ranges from fourth-century archaeology to recent relationships between France and Germany . The “Francia” review catalogue has been released online since 2008 four times yearly as “Francia-Recensio” . The volumes from the series “Beihefte der Francia” ( Francia Supplements ) , which was founded in 1975 , appear in French , English or German , similar to the journals language practice . The same is true for the GHIPs oldest book series published since 1962 , the “Pariser Historische Studien” ( Paris Historical Studies ) . The series “Studies and Documents on the Gallia Pontificia” is constituted of articles and source editions from the research area on deeds and letters of popes in France . The 2005 initiated eleven-volume series “German-French History” appears in German and French and comprises the time span between 800 and the present . As the project carrier of de.hypotheses.org , the GHIP operates thematic scientific blogs in addition to cross-epochal methodological blogs . The results of completed fundamental research projects of the GHIP as well as podcasts recordings of numerous lectures , which took place at the GHIP , are available on the website of the institute . Past colloquia and conferences such as the “discussions” are digitized retrospectively . Moreover , the GHIP is a partner of the German-French Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences “Trivium” , which renders translated outstanding French and German research accessible . Bibliography . - Karl Ferdinand Werner : Deutsches Historisches Institut 1958–1983 . Institut Historique Allemand 1958–1983 , Paris 1983 . - Gerd Krumeich : Das Deutsche Historische Institut in Paris ( DHIP ) . In : Geschichte und Gesellschaft 13 ( 1987 ) , p . 267–271 . - Werner Paravicini ( ed. ) : Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris . Festgabe aus Anlaß der Eröffnung seines neuen Gebäudes , des Hôtel Duret-de-Chevry , Thorbecke , Sigmaringen 1994 . - idem : Du franco-allemand à l’histoire européenne . L’Institut historique allemand de Paris depuis 1964 . In Allemagne d’aujourd’hui 162 ( 2002 ) , p . 150–156 . - idem : L’Institut historique allemand . Un lieu de recherche européenne à Paris . In : Précis analytique des travaux de l‘Académie des sciences , belles-lettres et arts de Rouen , 2003 ( published December 2006 ) , p . 225–234 . - idem : Wie ist es eigentlich gewesen ? Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris . In : Revue des Deux Mondes , Paris 2005 , p . 223–227 . – L’Institut historique allemand de Paris : ce qui s’est réellement passé . In : Revue des Deux Mondes , Paris 2005 , . - Ulrich Pfeil : Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris . Eine Neugründung »sur base universitaire« . In idem ( ed. ) : Deutsch-französische Kultur- und Wissenschaftsbeziehungen im 20 . Jahrhundert . Ein institutionengeschichtlicher Ansatz , Oldenbourg , Munich 2007 , p . 281–308 . perspectivia.net - idem : Vorgeschichte und Gründung des „Deutschen Historischen Instituts“ Paris . Darstellung und Dokumentation , Instrumenta 17 , Thorbecke , Ostfildern 2007 . perspectivia.net - idem ( ed. ) : Das „Deutsche Historische Institut“ Paris und seine Gründungsväter . Ein personengeschichtlicher Ansatz. , Pariser Historische Studien 86 , Oldenbourg , Munich 2007 . perspectivia.net - idem , Die Gründung des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Paris im Jahre 1958 , in : Axel C . Hüntelmann , Michael C . Schneider ( ed. ) , Jenseits von Humboldt . Wissenschaft im Staat 1850–1990 , Frankfurt/M . 2010 , p . 49–60 . - Rainer Babel , Rolf Große ( ed. ) : Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris / Institut historique allemand 1958–2008 , Thorbecke , Ostfildern , 2008 . perspectivia.net - Rolf Große , Frankreichforschung am Deutschen Historischen Institut Paris , in : Jahrbuch der historischen Forschung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland , Munich 2013 , p . 21–27 . hypotheses.org - Matthias Werner : Die Anfänge des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Paris und die Rückkehr der deutschen Geschichtswissenschaft in die „Ökumene der Historiker“ , in : Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter 79 ( 2015 ) , p . 212-245 . - Rolf Große , Die Entstehungsgeschichte des DHI Paris , in : Jürgen Elvert ( ed. ) , Geschichte jenseits der Universität . Netzwerke und Organisationen der frühen Bundesrepublik , Stuttgart 2016 ( Historische Mitteilungen , Beiheft , 94 ) , p . 141‒153 . External links . - GHIP website - Max Weber Foundation - Francia – online - Pariser Historische Studien – online - Beihefte der Francia – online - Discussions – online - Studien und Dokumente zur Gallia Pontificia – online - Trivium Journal - De.Hypotheses.org - Francia-Recensio |
[
"Gudrun Gersmann"
] | easy | Who directed or managed German Historical Institute Paris from 2007 to 2012? | /wiki/German_Historical_Institute_Paris#P1037#4 | German Historical Institute Paris The German Historical Institute Paris ( GHIP ) or Institut historique allemand ( IHA ) is an international research institute situated in Paris , France . Overview . As one of ten research institutes in humanities worldwide funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF ) , the GHIP is part of the Max Weber Foundation – German Humanities Institutes Abroad , a legal entity closely linked to the German Federal Government and located in Bonn . The GHIP has the following main tasks : research , mediation , and qualification . The historical topics range from the Middle Ages to the 21st century . Besides France , Germany and Franco-German relations research projects focus on Western Europe , Africa and the digital humanities . Since 1994 , the researchers of the GHIP have been working in the Hôtel Duret-de-Chevry , a hôtel particulier in the centrally located quarter Marais . History . The idea to found a German Historical Institute in Paris was already “an old favorite idea” of the medievalist and later president of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica Paul Fridolin Kehr , but the founding process stagnated early on in 1902/03 . A new attempt was launched in 1941 , again by a German medievalist , Theodor Mayer who wanted to underpin a “general German claim to leadership” in Europe . In the end , disputes about responsibilities delayed the project , which was eventually abandoned in the course of World War II . It was no longer the will to dominate , but rather the striving for exchange and mediation among German and French historians that led to the founding of the “Deutsche Historische Forschungsstelle” ( German Historical Research Center ) , which was inaugurated on 21 November 1958 . It was financed with German federal government grants and worked under the umbrella organization “Wissenschaftliche Kommission zur Erforschung der deutsch-französischen Beziehungen” ( Academic Commission on Franco-German Relations ) , based in Mainz . Its managing director , the medievalist Eugen Ewig , is regarded as the institutes founder . The academic intentions behind its foundation were tied to the process of Franco-German reconciliation after World War II . After many years of negotiations , one year after the signing of the Élysée Treaty , the German Historical Research Center in Paris was permanently institutionalized : on 1 July 1964 , it was renamed “German Historical Institute Paris” and turned into a dependent institution under the responsibility of the Federal Minister for Scientific Research . The medievalist Alois Wachtel from Bonn became its first director in 1966 . Alois Wachtel was succeeded as director by Karl Ferdinand Werner , who directed and significantly shaped the institute from 1968 to 1989 , especially through his research on the Early Middle Ages . He founded the journal Francia and established events such as the “Jeudis” lecture series , which exists to this day . He also initiated the institutes relocation from Rue du Havre to a building on Rue Maspéro , which today houses Germanys Permanent Representation to the OECD . The steady increase in staff and library holdings necessitated after 20 years another change of location . Shortly before Werners successor , Horst Möller ( who later also headed theInstitut für Zeitgeschichte in Munich ) , came into office , the Federal Republic of Germany bought the Hôtel Duret-de-Chevry , a Hôtel particulier whose construction was commissioned around 1620 by the senior royal official Charles Duret de Chevry near the Place des Vosges . On 19 May 1994 the new premises were inaugurated in a ceremony in the presence of then President of the Federal Republic of Germany Richard von Weizsäcker . The institute’s director from 1994 to 2007 , Werner Paravicini , focused his research especially on Burgundy in the Late Middle Ages . In 2002 , the GHIP was incorporated into the Max Weber Foundation , an institution under public law . As an umbrella organization , it unites ten partner institutions around the world today . Beginning in 2007 , the digital humanities became the main focus of Gudrun Gersmann’s directorship . She launched comprehensive projects to ( retro ) digitize holdings and founded open access initiatives such as perspectiva.net . Since 2013 , the institute has been directed by the Swiss historian Thomas Maissen , who broadened the geographical scope of the Institute . In 2015 , a research group on sub-Saharan Africa was founded in cooperation with the Cheikh Anta Diop University ( UCAD ) in Dakar , Senegal , and its Center for Research on Social Policies ( CREPOS ) . With the creation of the transnational research group “The Bureaucratisation of African Societies“ , a second cooperation phase with the CREPOS and the UCAD began in 2017 ( duration : 2017–2021 ) . The transnational research group will be part of the new „ Maria Sibylla Merian Institute for Advanced Studies in Africa“ ( MIASA ) with headquarters in Accra from mid-2018 onwards . The MIASA Africa is carried by a number of partners , among them the GHIP , and funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF ) . The program will investigate the topics of democratic governance , conflict management , and sustainable transformations . Directors . The following have been directors of the Institute : - 1966–1968 Alois Wachtel - 1968–1989 Karl Ferdinand Werner - 1989–1992 Horst Möller - 1993–2007 Werner Paravicini - 2007–2012 Gudrun Gersmann - since 2013 Thomas Maissen Mission and objectives . The main tasks of the GHIP are : research , mediation , and qualification . Research . The GHIP conducts independent research , in most cases in cooperation with French partners , and supports the endeavours of international researchers working in the area of western European and African history in France or Germany . The items held in archives and libraries in Paris , and France at large , are particularly important in this context . The historical research topics range from the Middle Ages until the 21st century . In the early phase , research projects on the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age dominated the institutes work . Much effort was invested into securing the deeds and charters of the Merovingian Empire . Beginning in the 1970s , research in the areas of modern and contemporary history also became prominent . The institute has moreover begun to expand into new research areas with its Digital Humanities department and with the founding of the international research group on “The Bureaucratisation of African Societies” in cooperation with the Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar , Senegal . In fundamental research projects , significant sources were collected and rendered available on data bases . Regularly , guest researchers work at the GHIP in order to pursue own projects and , at the same time , to enrich the institutes research . Such residencies are among others part of the GHIPs cooperation with the LabEx “Écrire une histoire nouvelle de l’Europe” EHNE . Mediation . The GHIP publishes its research findings in several formats : online , print journals and books . It manages a multilingual scientific library specialized in German history . In order to support cooperation among historians in Germany , France and around the world , the GHIP regularly hosts international colloquia , seminars and talks , for instance in the context of the “Jeudis de l’Institut historique allemand” lecture series Moreover , it takes part as a partner in German-French as well as international historical conferences . Qualification . The GHIP supports young researchers in a German-French context with a wide range of opportunities . Summer schools , academic skills , language classes as well as field trips allow students to broaden their research horizons and to exchange with students and scholars from other countries . A wide offer of grants and fellowships enables residencies of various lengths in Paris , which are organized according to the specific needs and expectations of Master students , PhD candidates , post-doctoral researchers , and professors . Organization and research projects . At the GHIP , approximately forty staff members work in research and research services ( library , editorial staff , event management , public relations ) . An academic advisory board composed of nine German and French university professors of all historical periods supports and advises the work of the GHIP . The research projects are divided into five departments : Middle Ages , Early Modern History , Contemporary History , Digital Humanities and Africa . Library . The library of the GHIP is accessible for all scholars free of cost after the issuing of a library card . Forty-six reading stations and four catalogue terminals with Internet access are available in the reading room . The collections are indexed in a library catalogue . The institutes library is a reference library ; it does not lend out items . The library is connected to the German interlibrary loan . At present , it holds a total of approximately 120,000 media items and 350 continuously maintained periodicals . Besides its extensive collection on German and French history , the library has extensive special material on the relations between Germany and France as well as numerous items on western European history and German national history . A significant focus of the periodical collection is set on German regional journals . The library blogs Franco-Fil and Germano-Fil for information resources in France and Germany as well as regularly occurring seminars on information competence provide a useful research support for scholars . Publications . The GHIP publishes the own research findings as well as outstanding theses . A consistent access strategy allows to find all publications online . Since 1973 , “Francia” has appeared as the only German historical journal dedicated to the history of Western Europe . The articles are written in German , French or English . Their subject matter and timespan ranges from fourth-century archaeology to recent relationships between France and Germany . The “Francia” review catalogue has been released online since 2008 four times yearly as “Francia-Recensio” . The volumes from the series “Beihefte der Francia” ( Francia Supplements ) , which was founded in 1975 , appear in French , English or German , similar to the journals language practice . The same is true for the GHIPs oldest book series published since 1962 , the “Pariser Historische Studien” ( Paris Historical Studies ) . The series “Studies and Documents on the Gallia Pontificia” is constituted of articles and source editions from the research area on deeds and letters of popes in France . The 2005 initiated eleven-volume series “German-French History” appears in German and French and comprises the time span between 800 and the present . As the project carrier of de.hypotheses.org , the GHIP operates thematic scientific blogs in addition to cross-epochal methodological blogs . The results of completed fundamental research projects of the GHIP as well as podcasts recordings of numerous lectures , which took place at the GHIP , are available on the website of the institute . Past colloquia and conferences such as the “discussions” are digitized retrospectively . Moreover , the GHIP is a partner of the German-French Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences “Trivium” , which renders translated outstanding French and German research accessible . Bibliography . - Karl Ferdinand Werner : Deutsches Historisches Institut 1958–1983 . Institut Historique Allemand 1958–1983 , Paris 1983 . - Gerd Krumeich : Das Deutsche Historische Institut in Paris ( DHIP ) . In : Geschichte und Gesellschaft 13 ( 1987 ) , p . 267–271 . - Werner Paravicini ( ed. ) : Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris . Festgabe aus Anlaß der Eröffnung seines neuen Gebäudes , des Hôtel Duret-de-Chevry , Thorbecke , Sigmaringen 1994 . - idem : Du franco-allemand à l’histoire européenne . L’Institut historique allemand de Paris depuis 1964 . In Allemagne d’aujourd’hui 162 ( 2002 ) , p . 150–156 . - idem : L’Institut historique allemand . Un lieu de recherche européenne à Paris . In : Précis analytique des travaux de l‘Académie des sciences , belles-lettres et arts de Rouen , 2003 ( published December 2006 ) , p . 225–234 . - idem : Wie ist es eigentlich gewesen ? Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris . In : Revue des Deux Mondes , Paris 2005 , p . 223–227 . – L’Institut historique allemand de Paris : ce qui s’est réellement passé . In : Revue des Deux Mondes , Paris 2005 , . - Ulrich Pfeil : Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris . Eine Neugründung »sur base universitaire« . In idem ( ed. ) : Deutsch-französische Kultur- und Wissenschaftsbeziehungen im 20 . Jahrhundert . Ein institutionengeschichtlicher Ansatz , Oldenbourg , Munich 2007 , p . 281–308 . perspectivia.net - idem : Vorgeschichte und Gründung des „Deutschen Historischen Instituts“ Paris . Darstellung und Dokumentation , Instrumenta 17 , Thorbecke , Ostfildern 2007 . perspectivia.net - idem ( ed. ) : Das „Deutsche Historische Institut“ Paris und seine Gründungsväter . Ein personengeschichtlicher Ansatz. , Pariser Historische Studien 86 , Oldenbourg , Munich 2007 . perspectivia.net - idem , Die Gründung des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Paris im Jahre 1958 , in : Axel C . Hüntelmann , Michael C . Schneider ( ed. ) , Jenseits von Humboldt . Wissenschaft im Staat 1850–1990 , Frankfurt/M . 2010 , p . 49–60 . - Rainer Babel , Rolf Große ( ed. ) : Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris / Institut historique allemand 1958–2008 , Thorbecke , Ostfildern , 2008 . perspectivia.net - Rolf Große , Frankreichforschung am Deutschen Historischen Institut Paris , in : Jahrbuch der historischen Forschung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland , Munich 2013 , p . 21–27 . hypotheses.org - Matthias Werner : Die Anfänge des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Paris und die Rückkehr der deutschen Geschichtswissenschaft in die „Ökumene der Historiker“ , in : Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter 79 ( 2015 ) , p . 212-245 . - Rolf Große , Die Entstehungsgeschichte des DHI Paris , in : Jürgen Elvert ( ed. ) , Geschichte jenseits der Universität . Netzwerke und Organisationen der frühen Bundesrepublik , Stuttgart 2016 ( Historische Mitteilungen , Beiheft , 94 ) , p . 141‒153 . External links . - GHIP website - Max Weber Foundation - Francia – online - Pariser Historische Studien – online - Beihefte der Francia – online - Discussions – online - Studien und Dokumente zur Gallia Pontificia – online - Trivium Journal - De.Hypotheses.org - Francia-Recensio |
[
"Thomas Maissen"
] | easy | Who was the director or manager of German Historical Institute Paris from 2013 to 2014? | /wiki/German_Historical_Institute_Paris#P1037#5 | German Historical Institute Paris The German Historical Institute Paris ( GHIP ) or Institut historique allemand ( IHA ) is an international research institute situated in Paris , France . Overview . As one of ten research institutes in humanities worldwide funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF ) , the GHIP is part of the Max Weber Foundation – German Humanities Institutes Abroad , a legal entity closely linked to the German Federal Government and located in Bonn . The GHIP has the following main tasks : research , mediation , and qualification . The historical topics range from the Middle Ages to the 21st century . Besides France , Germany and Franco-German relations research projects focus on Western Europe , Africa and the digital humanities . Since 1994 , the researchers of the GHIP have been working in the Hôtel Duret-de-Chevry , a hôtel particulier in the centrally located quarter Marais . History . The idea to found a German Historical Institute in Paris was already “an old favorite idea” of the medievalist and later president of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica Paul Fridolin Kehr , but the founding process stagnated early on in 1902/03 . A new attempt was launched in 1941 , again by a German medievalist , Theodor Mayer who wanted to underpin a “general German claim to leadership” in Europe . In the end , disputes about responsibilities delayed the project , which was eventually abandoned in the course of World War II . It was no longer the will to dominate , but rather the striving for exchange and mediation among German and French historians that led to the founding of the “Deutsche Historische Forschungsstelle” ( German Historical Research Center ) , which was inaugurated on 21 November 1958 . It was financed with German federal government grants and worked under the umbrella organization “Wissenschaftliche Kommission zur Erforschung der deutsch-französischen Beziehungen” ( Academic Commission on Franco-German Relations ) , based in Mainz . Its managing director , the medievalist Eugen Ewig , is regarded as the institutes founder . The academic intentions behind its foundation were tied to the process of Franco-German reconciliation after World War II . After many years of negotiations , one year after the signing of the Élysée Treaty , the German Historical Research Center in Paris was permanently institutionalized : on 1 July 1964 , it was renamed “German Historical Institute Paris” and turned into a dependent institution under the responsibility of the Federal Minister for Scientific Research . The medievalist Alois Wachtel from Bonn became its first director in 1966 . Alois Wachtel was succeeded as director by Karl Ferdinand Werner , who directed and significantly shaped the institute from 1968 to 1989 , especially through his research on the Early Middle Ages . He founded the journal Francia and established events such as the “Jeudis” lecture series , which exists to this day . He also initiated the institutes relocation from Rue du Havre to a building on Rue Maspéro , which today houses Germanys Permanent Representation to the OECD . The steady increase in staff and library holdings necessitated after 20 years another change of location . Shortly before Werners successor , Horst Möller ( who later also headed theInstitut für Zeitgeschichte in Munich ) , came into office , the Federal Republic of Germany bought the Hôtel Duret-de-Chevry , a Hôtel particulier whose construction was commissioned around 1620 by the senior royal official Charles Duret de Chevry near the Place des Vosges . On 19 May 1994 the new premises were inaugurated in a ceremony in the presence of then President of the Federal Republic of Germany Richard von Weizsäcker . The institute’s director from 1994 to 2007 , Werner Paravicini , focused his research especially on Burgundy in the Late Middle Ages . In 2002 , the GHIP was incorporated into the Max Weber Foundation , an institution under public law . As an umbrella organization , it unites ten partner institutions around the world today . Beginning in 2007 , the digital humanities became the main focus of Gudrun Gersmann’s directorship . She launched comprehensive projects to ( retro ) digitize holdings and founded open access initiatives such as perspectiva.net . Since 2013 , the institute has been directed by the Swiss historian Thomas Maissen , who broadened the geographical scope of the Institute . In 2015 , a research group on sub-Saharan Africa was founded in cooperation with the Cheikh Anta Diop University ( UCAD ) in Dakar , Senegal , and its Center for Research on Social Policies ( CREPOS ) . With the creation of the transnational research group “The Bureaucratisation of African Societies“ , a second cooperation phase with the CREPOS and the UCAD began in 2017 ( duration : 2017–2021 ) . The transnational research group will be part of the new „ Maria Sibylla Merian Institute for Advanced Studies in Africa“ ( MIASA ) with headquarters in Accra from mid-2018 onwards . The MIASA Africa is carried by a number of partners , among them the GHIP , and funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF ) . The program will investigate the topics of democratic governance , conflict management , and sustainable transformations . Directors . The following have been directors of the Institute : - 1966–1968 Alois Wachtel - 1968–1989 Karl Ferdinand Werner - 1989–1992 Horst Möller - 1993–2007 Werner Paravicini - 2007–2012 Gudrun Gersmann - since 2013 Thomas Maissen Mission and objectives . The main tasks of the GHIP are : research , mediation , and qualification . Research . The GHIP conducts independent research , in most cases in cooperation with French partners , and supports the endeavours of international researchers working in the area of western European and African history in France or Germany . The items held in archives and libraries in Paris , and France at large , are particularly important in this context . The historical research topics range from the Middle Ages until the 21st century . In the early phase , research projects on the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age dominated the institutes work . Much effort was invested into securing the deeds and charters of the Merovingian Empire . Beginning in the 1970s , research in the areas of modern and contemporary history also became prominent . The institute has moreover begun to expand into new research areas with its Digital Humanities department and with the founding of the international research group on “The Bureaucratisation of African Societies” in cooperation with the Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar , Senegal . In fundamental research projects , significant sources were collected and rendered available on data bases . Regularly , guest researchers work at the GHIP in order to pursue own projects and , at the same time , to enrich the institutes research . Such residencies are among others part of the GHIPs cooperation with the LabEx “Écrire une histoire nouvelle de l’Europe” EHNE . Mediation . The GHIP publishes its research findings in several formats : online , print journals and books . It manages a multilingual scientific library specialized in German history . In order to support cooperation among historians in Germany , France and around the world , the GHIP regularly hosts international colloquia , seminars and talks , for instance in the context of the “Jeudis de l’Institut historique allemand” lecture series Moreover , it takes part as a partner in German-French as well as international historical conferences . Qualification . The GHIP supports young researchers in a German-French context with a wide range of opportunities . Summer schools , academic skills , language classes as well as field trips allow students to broaden their research horizons and to exchange with students and scholars from other countries . A wide offer of grants and fellowships enables residencies of various lengths in Paris , which are organized according to the specific needs and expectations of Master students , PhD candidates , post-doctoral researchers , and professors . Organization and research projects . At the GHIP , approximately forty staff members work in research and research services ( library , editorial staff , event management , public relations ) . An academic advisory board composed of nine German and French university professors of all historical periods supports and advises the work of the GHIP . The research projects are divided into five departments : Middle Ages , Early Modern History , Contemporary History , Digital Humanities and Africa . Library . The library of the GHIP is accessible for all scholars free of cost after the issuing of a library card . Forty-six reading stations and four catalogue terminals with Internet access are available in the reading room . The collections are indexed in a library catalogue . The institutes library is a reference library ; it does not lend out items . The library is connected to the German interlibrary loan . At present , it holds a total of approximately 120,000 media items and 350 continuously maintained periodicals . Besides its extensive collection on German and French history , the library has extensive special material on the relations between Germany and France as well as numerous items on western European history and German national history . A significant focus of the periodical collection is set on German regional journals . The library blogs Franco-Fil and Germano-Fil for information resources in France and Germany as well as regularly occurring seminars on information competence provide a useful research support for scholars . Publications . The GHIP publishes the own research findings as well as outstanding theses . A consistent access strategy allows to find all publications online . Since 1973 , “Francia” has appeared as the only German historical journal dedicated to the history of Western Europe . The articles are written in German , French or English . Their subject matter and timespan ranges from fourth-century archaeology to recent relationships between France and Germany . The “Francia” review catalogue has been released online since 2008 four times yearly as “Francia-Recensio” . The volumes from the series “Beihefte der Francia” ( Francia Supplements ) , which was founded in 1975 , appear in French , English or German , similar to the journals language practice . The same is true for the GHIPs oldest book series published since 1962 , the “Pariser Historische Studien” ( Paris Historical Studies ) . The series “Studies and Documents on the Gallia Pontificia” is constituted of articles and source editions from the research area on deeds and letters of popes in France . The 2005 initiated eleven-volume series “German-French History” appears in German and French and comprises the time span between 800 and the present . As the project carrier of de.hypotheses.org , the GHIP operates thematic scientific blogs in addition to cross-epochal methodological blogs . The results of completed fundamental research projects of the GHIP as well as podcasts recordings of numerous lectures , which took place at the GHIP , are available on the website of the institute . Past colloquia and conferences such as the “discussions” are digitized retrospectively . Moreover , the GHIP is a partner of the German-French Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences “Trivium” , which renders translated outstanding French and German research accessible . Bibliography . - Karl Ferdinand Werner : Deutsches Historisches Institut 1958–1983 . Institut Historique Allemand 1958–1983 , Paris 1983 . - Gerd Krumeich : Das Deutsche Historische Institut in Paris ( DHIP ) . In : Geschichte und Gesellschaft 13 ( 1987 ) , p . 267–271 . - Werner Paravicini ( ed. ) : Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris . Festgabe aus Anlaß der Eröffnung seines neuen Gebäudes , des Hôtel Duret-de-Chevry , Thorbecke , Sigmaringen 1994 . - idem : Du franco-allemand à l’histoire européenne . L’Institut historique allemand de Paris depuis 1964 . In Allemagne d’aujourd’hui 162 ( 2002 ) , p . 150–156 . - idem : L’Institut historique allemand . Un lieu de recherche européenne à Paris . In : Précis analytique des travaux de l‘Académie des sciences , belles-lettres et arts de Rouen , 2003 ( published December 2006 ) , p . 225–234 . - idem : Wie ist es eigentlich gewesen ? Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris . In : Revue des Deux Mondes , Paris 2005 , p . 223–227 . – L’Institut historique allemand de Paris : ce qui s’est réellement passé . In : Revue des Deux Mondes , Paris 2005 , . - Ulrich Pfeil : Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris . Eine Neugründung »sur base universitaire« . In idem ( ed. ) : Deutsch-französische Kultur- und Wissenschaftsbeziehungen im 20 . Jahrhundert . Ein institutionengeschichtlicher Ansatz , Oldenbourg , Munich 2007 , p . 281–308 . perspectivia.net - idem : Vorgeschichte und Gründung des „Deutschen Historischen Instituts“ Paris . Darstellung und Dokumentation , Instrumenta 17 , Thorbecke , Ostfildern 2007 . perspectivia.net - idem ( ed. ) : Das „Deutsche Historische Institut“ Paris und seine Gründungsväter . Ein personengeschichtlicher Ansatz. , Pariser Historische Studien 86 , Oldenbourg , Munich 2007 . perspectivia.net - idem , Die Gründung des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Paris im Jahre 1958 , in : Axel C . Hüntelmann , Michael C . Schneider ( ed. ) , Jenseits von Humboldt . Wissenschaft im Staat 1850–1990 , Frankfurt/M . 2010 , p . 49–60 . - Rainer Babel , Rolf Große ( ed. ) : Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris / Institut historique allemand 1958–2008 , Thorbecke , Ostfildern , 2008 . perspectivia.net - Rolf Große , Frankreichforschung am Deutschen Historischen Institut Paris , in : Jahrbuch der historischen Forschung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland , Munich 2013 , p . 21–27 . hypotheses.org - Matthias Werner : Die Anfänge des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Paris und die Rückkehr der deutschen Geschichtswissenschaft in die „Ökumene der Historiker“ , in : Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter 79 ( 2015 ) , p . 212-245 . - Rolf Große , Die Entstehungsgeschichte des DHI Paris , in : Jürgen Elvert ( ed. ) , Geschichte jenseits der Universität . Netzwerke und Organisationen der frühen Bundesrepublik , Stuttgart 2016 ( Historische Mitteilungen , Beiheft , 94 ) , p . 141‒153 . External links . - GHIP website - Max Weber Foundation - Francia – online - Pariser Historische Studien – online - Beihefte der Francia – online - Discussions – online - Studien und Dokumente zur Gallia Pontificia – online - Trivium Journal - De.Hypotheses.org - Francia-Recensio |
[
"Brescia"
] | easy | Which team did Gaetano Berardi play for from 2006 to 2007? | /wiki/Gaetano_Berardi#P54#0 | Gaetano Berardi Gaetano Michel Berardi ( born 21 August 1988 ) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a defender . He can also operate at left-back and centre-back . He has been capped at international level by Switzerland . Berardi scored his first ever senior goal against Newport County in the FA Cup . His 2nd was against Salford City in the League cup . Club career . Brescia . Born in Sorengo , Berardi started his career at Swiss club Luganos youth team . In the summer of 2005 , he was signed by Serie B side Brescia . Berardi made his professional debut on 30 June 2007 , in a winning away game against Pescara ( 1–3 ) . In his first season , Berardi made ten appearances in all competitions under the management of Serse Cosmi . In the 2008–09 season , Berardi was used in 26 Serie B games . Before finally becoming a first team regular in Giuseppe Iachini team during the 2009–10 season , Brescia earned promotion to Serie A after beating Torino in the Serie B play-offs . Berardi made his Serie A debut on 12 September 2010 in a 3–2 victory against Palermo . He made 26 starts in total for Brescia in Serie A , although Brescia were relegated at the end of the season after finishing in 19th position . Sampdoria . Upon the opening of the January transfer window , Berardi signed for fellow Serie B side Sampdoria . Berardi made his debut in a 2–1 victory against Padova on 14 January . At the end of the 2011–12 season , Berardi gained his second promotion to Serie A after winning the Serie B play-offs by beating Varese 4–2 on aggregate in the two-legged play-off final . The following club season in Serie A , despite stiff competition from Italian international Lorenzo De Silvestri , Berardi made 21 appearances in Serie A during the 2012–13 season . However , after the club appointed Siniša Mihajlović as head coach in November 2013 , Berardi lost his place in the starting lineup and only made five Serie A appearances during the subsequent 2013–14 season . Leeds United . On 19 July 2014 , Leeds United announced that they had signed Berardi to a two-year deal for an undisclosed fee . Club president Massimo Cellino confirmed that Berardi had taken a wage cut to join Leeds . Berardi made his Leeds debut on 12 August 2014 , starting the League Cup match against Accrington Stanley , but was sent off for a mid-air sliding tackle and received a three-match ban as a result . With regular right back Sam Byram suspended , Berardi was set to start against Bradford City on 27 August , but was ruled out after picking up a concussion the day before the game . His full league debut was in a 1–1 draw away at Birmingham City on 13 September 2014 . On 20 September , Berardi received his second red card in just his fourth game , after being sent off in a 3–0 win over local rivals Huddersfield Town . With regular left back Charlie Taylor pushed forward into an attacking left wing position , during 2015 Berardi became a regular fixture in the left-back position for Leeds . Berardi finished the season in strong form at left back , starting 10 of the last 11 games and becoming a fans favourite for his performances . On 21 September 2015 , after becoming a highly popular player with the fans for his consistent displays at both right back or left back positions , Berardi signed a two-year contract extension with the club lasting until 2018 . On 21 November , Berardi received another straight red card for Leeds in the 73rd-minute of a 1–0 home defeat to Rotherham United ; after being left with a bloodied nose following an elbow to the face from Leon Best , Berardi pushed Best to the ground before being restrained by his teammates , with both players receiving a straight red card as a result . The ban was later reduced after appeal due to the severity of the elbow Berardi received from Best , provoking the reaction . After returning from suspension , Berardi suffered a torn ankle ligament on 14 December against Charlton Athletic which ruled him out for two months . After returning from injury , in April 2016 , in the return fixture against Rotherham , Berardi – in similar circumstances to the reverse fixture – suffered a bloodied face/head injury after being elbowed by Rotherham striker Matt Derbyshire , which resulted in Derbyshires being given a straight red , albeit in a 2–1 defeat for Leeds . Berardi was nominated for the Leeds United Player of the Year award , alongside Charlie Taylor , Liam Bridcutt , Mirco Antenucci and Lewis Cook , though it was awarded to Taylor , whilst he also finished second in the voting for the Yorkshire Evening Post Player of the Year award , runner-up to eventual winner Taylor . Berardi missed the entirety of Leeds 2016–17 pre-season friendlies due to injury , although he did return to the substitutes bench for the final pre-season friendly against Italian side Atalanta . On 7 August , in the opening fixture of the season against Queens Park Rangers in a 3–0 defeat , Berardi was substituted early in the first half after picking up a hamstring injury . As a result of the hamstring injury , Berardi was ruled out for around six weeks . On 26 October 2016 , he made his return when he started in Leeds penalty shootout victory against Norwich City in the League Cup , after a dramatic 2–2 draw in normal time . However upon his return from injury , Berardi was kept out the side due to the impressive form of new right back Luke Ayling . After an Achilles injury to regular left back Charlie Taylor , on 29 December 2016 against Aston Villa , Berardi came into the side as a left back for a run of games . Berardis form at left back managed to keep out the returning Taylor for the remainder of the season . On 6 August 2017 , Berardi suffered a dislocated shoulder in the 3–2 victory against Bolton Wanderers in the first game of the season , and had to be replaced by debutant Vurnon Anita in the first half . On 8 August , he signed a new three-year contract at the club , keeping him at Leeds until the end of the 2019–20 season . On 30 December 2017 , Berardi was named as captain and made his 100th appearance for Leeds in the 1–0 defeat against Birmingham City . On 7 January 2018 , Berardi again captaining Leeds scored his first goal for the club and his first ever professional career goal with a low , swerving shot from 25 yards in a 2–1 defeat against Newport County in the FA Cup . On 7 April 2018 , Berardi who was captaining the side , was sent off for a two footed lunge on Sunderlands Callum McManaman , with the sending off being his third red card of the 2017–18 season , Berardi was given a five match ban , missing the final five games of the season . After missing 10 games combined through suspension for the 2017–18 season , Berardi apologised for his poor discipline in an interview with LUTV , stating that its not good enough for a senior professional player , adding that he will stop making mistakes when I die . Ahead of the 2018–19 season under new head coach Marcelo Bielsa , Berardi was training in a new position as a centre back , and used during pre-season in his new position . He started the season as first choice centre back alongside Liam Cooper , keeping Pontus Jansson on the bench , however Berardi was ruled out for a number of weeks after picking up a knee injury against Middlesbrough on 31 August . After returning from injury after six weeks out injured , Berardi in only his second game back , picked up a separate serious injury on 24 October 2018 in a 2–0 win against Ipswich Town after suffering a hyperextention injury to the hamstring , which would rule him out for several months . Rob Price , Leeds Head of Medicine , revealed the seriousness of the injury by revealing Berardi tore his hamstring completely off the bone . During the 2018–19 season , Berardi played 13 matches across the regular season after an injury hit campaign , with Leeds finishing the regular season in third place despite spending the majority of the season in the automatic promotion places , and therefore qualifying for the promotion play-offs . Berardi started the Championship semi-final first leg as Leeds went 1–0 up away to Derby County , but was sent off in the 78th-minute of the second leg for a foul on Bradley Johnson as Leeds lost 4–2 ( 4–3 on aggregate ) . The red card was the seventh of Berardis Leeds career , equalling Alan Smith as the most red-carded player in the clubs history . Berardi scored only the second goal of his career on 13 August in the EFL Cup tie against Salford City to help earn a 3–0 victory . He received his eighth red card for the club against Millwall on 5 October , at the time making him the most red-carded player in Leeds United history . However , the controversial red card was overturned on appeal on 8 October . After the English professional football season was paused in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic , the season was resumed during June , where Berardi earned promotion with Leeds to the Premier League as EFL Championship champions for the 2019–20 season . However , Berardi injured his anterior cruciate ligament in the penultimate game of the season as Leeds defeated Derby County 3–1 on 17 July 2020 ; the injury was set to rule Berardi out for nine months . Having signed a short extension to remain with Leeds during Project Restart , Berardis contract ran out at the end of the 2019–20 season . However , he was allowed to remain at the clubs Thorp Arch training ground while completing his rehabilitation from the ACL injury , and on 16 October 2020 signed a new one-year contract for Leeds first season back in the Premier League . He made his Premier league debut on 19 May 2021 , coming on for Diego Llorente in a 2–0 win for Leeds away to Southampton . On 21 May 2021 , it was announced that Leeds would release Berardi at the end of the season . On 23 May 2021 , after a 3–1 home win against West Bromwich Albion , Berardi alongside teammate Pablo Hernandez bade farewell to the Leeds United fans , after they made their final appearances for the club . International career . After playing for the Switzerland national under-20 team , Berardi debuted for the Switzerland U21s against Greece on 19 November 2008 . Berardi played his first match for Switzerland at senior level against Liechtenstein on 10 August 2011 . Honours . Brescia - Serie B Play-offs : 2009–10 Sampdoria - Serie B play-offs : 2011–12 Leeds United - EFL Championship : 2019–20 |
[
"Brescia",
"Switzerland national under-20 team"
] | easy | Which team did the player Gaetano Berardi belong to from 2007 to 2008? | /wiki/Gaetano_Berardi#P54#1 | Gaetano Berardi Gaetano Michel Berardi ( born 21 August 1988 ) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a defender . He can also operate at left-back and centre-back . He has been capped at international level by Switzerland . Berardi scored his first ever senior goal against Newport County in the FA Cup . His 2nd was against Salford City in the League cup . Club career . Brescia . Born in Sorengo , Berardi started his career at Swiss club Luganos youth team . In the summer of 2005 , he was signed by Serie B side Brescia . Berardi made his professional debut on 30 June 2007 , in a winning away game against Pescara ( 1–3 ) . In his first season , Berardi made ten appearances in all competitions under the management of Serse Cosmi . In the 2008–09 season , Berardi was used in 26 Serie B games . Before finally becoming a first team regular in Giuseppe Iachini team during the 2009–10 season , Brescia earned promotion to Serie A after beating Torino in the Serie B play-offs . Berardi made his Serie A debut on 12 September 2010 in a 3–2 victory against Palermo . He made 26 starts in total for Brescia in Serie A , although Brescia were relegated at the end of the season after finishing in 19th position . Sampdoria . Upon the opening of the January transfer window , Berardi signed for fellow Serie B side Sampdoria . Berardi made his debut in a 2–1 victory against Padova on 14 January . At the end of the 2011–12 season , Berardi gained his second promotion to Serie A after winning the Serie B play-offs by beating Varese 4–2 on aggregate in the two-legged play-off final . The following club season in Serie A , despite stiff competition from Italian international Lorenzo De Silvestri , Berardi made 21 appearances in Serie A during the 2012–13 season . However , after the club appointed Siniša Mihajlović as head coach in November 2013 , Berardi lost his place in the starting lineup and only made five Serie A appearances during the subsequent 2013–14 season . Leeds United . On 19 July 2014 , Leeds United announced that they had signed Berardi to a two-year deal for an undisclosed fee . Club president Massimo Cellino confirmed that Berardi had taken a wage cut to join Leeds . Berardi made his Leeds debut on 12 August 2014 , starting the League Cup match against Accrington Stanley , but was sent off for a mid-air sliding tackle and received a three-match ban as a result . With regular right back Sam Byram suspended , Berardi was set to start against Bradford City on 27 August , but was ruled out after picking up a concussion the day before the game . His full league debut was in a 1–1 draw away at Birmingham City on 13 September 2014 . On 20 September , Berardi received his second red card in just his fourth game , after being sent off in a 3–0 win over local rivals Huddersfield Town . With regular left back Charlie Taylor pushed forward into an attacking left wing position , during 2015 Berardi became a regular fixture in the left-back position for Leeds . Berardi finished the season in strong form at left back , starting 10 of the last 11 games and becoming a fans favourite for his performances . On 21 September 2015 , after becoming a highly popular player with the fans for his consistent displays at both right back or left back positions , Berardi signed a two-year contract extension with the club lasting until 2018 . On 21 November , Berardi received another straight red card for Leeds in the 73rd-minute of a 1–0 home defeat to Rotherham United ; after being left with a bloodied nose following an elbow to the face from Leon Best , Berardi pushed Best to the ground before being restrained by his teammates , with both players receiving a straight red card as a result . The ban was later reduced after appeal due to the severity of the elbow Berardi received from Best , provoking the reaction . After returning from suspension , Berardi suffered a torn ankle ligament on 14 December against Charlton Athletic which ruled him out for two months . After returning from injury , in April 2016 , in the return fixture against Rotherham , Berardi – in similar circumstances to the reverse fixture – suffered a bloodied face/head injury after being elbowed by Rotherham striker Matt Derbyshire , which resulted in Derbyshires being given a straight red , albeit in a 2–1 defeat for Leeds . Berardi was nominated for the Leeds United Player of the Year award , alongside Charlie Taylor , Liam Bridcutt , Mirco Antenucci and Lewis Cook , though it was awarded to Taylor , whilst he also finished second in the voting for the Yorkshire Evening Post Player of the Year award , runner-up to eventual winner Taylor . Berardi missed the entirety of Leeds 2016–17 pre-season friendlies due to injury , although he did return to the substitutes bench for the final pre-season friendly against Italian side Atalanta . On 7 August , in the opening fixture of the season against Queens Park Rangers in a 3–0 defeat , Berardi was substituted early in the first half after picking up a hamstring injury . As a result of the hamstring injury , Berardi was ruled out for around six weeks . On 26 October 2016 , he made his return when he started in Leeds penalty shootout victory against Norwich City in the League Cup , after a dramatic 2–2 draw in normal time . However upon his return from injury , Berardi was kept out the side due to the impressive form of new right back Luke Ayling . After an Achilles injury to regular left back Charlie Taylor , on 29 December 2016 against Aston Villa , Berardi came into the side as a left back for a run of games . Berardis form at left back managed to keep out the returning Taylor for the remainder of the season . On 6 August 2017 , Berardi suffered a dislocated shoulder in the 3–2 victory against Bolton Wanderers in the first game of the season , and had to be replaced by debutant Vurnon Anita in the first half . On 8 August , he signed a new three-year contract at the club , keeping him at Leeds until the end of the 2019–20 season . On 30 December 2017 , Berardi was named as captain and made his 100th appearance for Leeds in the 1–0 defeat against Birmingham City . On 7 January 2018 , Berardi again captaining Leeds scored his first goal for the club and his first ever professional career goal with a low , swerving shot from 25 yards in a 2–1 defeat against Newport County in the FA Cup . On 7 April 2018 , Berardi who was captaining the side , was sent off for a two footed lunge on Sunderlands Callum McManaman , with the sending off being his third red card of the 2017–18 season , Berardi was given a five match ban , missing the final five games of the season . After missing 10 games combined through suspension for the 2017–18 season , Berardi apologised for his poor discipline in an interview with LUTV , stating that its not good enough for a senior professional player , adding that he will stop making mistakes when I die . Ahead of the 2018–19 season under new head coach Marcelo Bielsa , Berardi was training in a new position as a centre back , and used during pre-season in his new position . He started the season as first choice centre back alongside Liam Cooper , keeping Pontus Jansson on the bench , however Berardi was ruled out for a number of weeks after picking up a knee injury against Middlesbrough on 31 August . After returning from injury after six weeks out injured , Berardi in only his second game back , picked up a separate serious injury on 24 October 2018 in a 2–0 win against Ipswich Town after suffering a hyperextention injury to the hamstring , which would rule him out for several months . Rob Price , Leeds Head of Medicine , revealed the seriousness of the injury by revealing Berardi tore his hamstring completely off the bone . During the 2018–19 season , Berardi played 13 matches across the regular season after an injury hit campaign , with Leeds finishing the regular season in third place despite spending the majority of the season in the automatic promotion places , and therefore qualifying for the promotion play-offs . Berardi started the Championship semi-final first leg as Leeds went 1–0 up away to Derby County , but was sent off in the 78th-minute of the second leg for a foul on Bradley Johnson as Leeds lost 4–2 ( 4–3 on aggregate ) . The red card was the seventh of Berardis Leeds career , equalling Alan Smith as the most red-carded player in the clubs history . Berardi scored only the second goal of his career on 13 August in the EFL Cup tie against Salford City to help earn a 3–0 victory . He received his eighth red card for the club against Millwall on 5 October , at the time making him the most red-carded player in Leeds United history . However , the controversial red card was overturned on appeal on 8 October . After the English professional football season was paused in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic , the season was resumed during June , where Berardi earned promotion with Leeds to the Premier League as EFL Championship champions for the 2019–20 season . However , Berardi injured his anterior cruciate ligament in the penultimate game of the season as Leeds defeated Derby County 3–1 on 17 July 2020 ; the injury was set to rule Berardi out for nine months . Having signed a short extension to remain with Leeds during Project Restart , Berardis contract ran out at the end of the 2019–20 season . However , he was allowed to remain at the clubs Thorp Arch training ground while completing his rehabilitation from the ACL injury , and on 16 October 2020 signed a new one-year contract for Leeds first season back in the Premier League . He made his Premier league debut on 19 May 2021 , coming on for Diego Llorente in a 2–0 win for Leeds away to Southampton . On 21 May 2021 , it was announced that Leeds would release Berardi at the end of the season . On 23 May 2021 , after a 3–1 home win against West Bromwich Albion , Berardi alongside teammate Pablo Hernandez bade farewell to the Leeds United fans , after they made their final appearances for the club . International career . After playing for the Switzerland national under-20 team , Berardi debuted for the Switzerland U21s against Greece on 19 November 2008 . Berardi played his first match for Switzerland at senior level against Liechtenstein on 10 August 2011 . Honours . Brescia - Serie B Play-offs : 2009–10 Sampdoria - Serie B play-offs : 2011–12 Leeds United - EFL Championship : 2019–20 |
[
"Switzerland U21s",
"Brescia"
] | easy | Which team did Gaetano Berardi play for from 2008 to 2011? | /wiki/Gaetano_Berardi#P54#2 | Gaetano Berardi Gaetano Michel Berardi ( born 21 August 1988 ) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a defender . He can also operate at left-back and centre-back . He has been capped at international level by Switzerland . Berardi scored his first ever senior goal against Newport County in the FA Cup . His 2nd was against Salford City in the League cup . Club career . Brescia . Born in Sorengo , Berardi started his career at Swiss club Luganos youth team . In the summer of 2005 , he was signed by Serie B side Brescia . Berardi made his professional debut on 30 June 2007 , in a winning away game against Pescara ( 1–3 ) . In his first season , Berardi made ten appearances in all competitions under the management of Serse Cosmi . In the 2008–09 season , Berardi was used in 26 Serie B games . Before finally becoming a first team regular in Giuseppe Iachini team during the 2009–10 season , Brescia earned promotion to Serie A after beating Torino in the Serie B play-offs . Berardi made his Serie A debut on 12 September 2010 in a 3–2 victory against Palermo . He made 26 starts in total for Brescia in Serie A , although Brescia were relegated at the end of the season after finishing in 19th position . Sampdoria . Upon the opening of the January transfer window , Berardi signed for fellow Serie B side Sampdoria . Berardi made his debut in a 2–1 victory against Padova on 14 January . At the end of the 2011–12 season , Berardi gained his second promotion to Serie A after winning the Serie B play-offs by beating Varese 4–2 on aggregate in the two-legged play-off final . The following club season in Serie A , despite stiff competition from Italian international Lorenzo De Silvestri , Berardi made 21 appearances in Serie A during the 2012–13 season . However , after the club appointed Siniša Mihajlović as head coach in November 2013 , Berardi lost his place in the starting lineup and only made five Serie A appearances during the subsequent 2013–14 season . Leeds United . On 19 July 2014 , Leeds United announced that they had signed Berardi to a two-year deal for an undisclosed fee . Club president Massimo Cellino confirmed that Berardi had taken a wage cut to join Leeds . Berardi made his Leeds debut on 12 August 2014 , starting the League Cup match against Accrington Stanley , but was sent off for a mid-air sliding tackle and received a three-match ban as a result . With regular right back Sam Byram suspended , Berardi was set to start against Bradford City on 27 August , but was ruled out after picking up a concussion the day before the game . His full league debut was in a 1–1 draw away at Birmingham City on 13 September 2014 . On 20 September , Berardi received his second red card in just his fourth game , after being sent off in a 3–0 win over local rivals Huddersfield Town . With regular left back Charlie Taylor pushed forward into an attacking left wing position , during 2015 Berardi became a regular fixture in the left-back position for Leeds . Berardi finished the season in strong form at left back , starting 10 of the last 11 games and becoming a fans favourite for his performances . On 21 September 2015 , after becoming a highly popular player with the fans for his consistent displays at both right back or left back positions , Berardi signed a two-year contract extension with the club lasting until 2018 . On 21 November , Berardi received another straight red card for Leeds in the 73rd-minute of a 1–0 home defeat to Rotherham United ; after being left with a bloodied nose following an elbow to the face from Leon Best , Berardi pushed Best to the ground before being restrained by his teammates , with both players receiving a straight red card as a result . The ban was later reduced after appeal due to the severity of the elbow Berardi received from Best , provoking the reaction . After returning from suspension , Berardi suffered a torn ankle ligament on 14 December against Charlton Athletic which ruled him out for two months . After returning from injury , in April 2016 , in the return fixture against Rotherham , Berardi – in similar circumstances to the reverse fixture – suffered a bloodied face/head injury after being elbowed by Rotherham striker Matt Derbyshire , which resulted in Derbyshires being given a straight red , albeit in a 2–1 defeat for Leeds . Berardi was nominated for the Leeds United Player of the Year award , alongside Charlie Taylor , Liam Bridcutt , Mirco Antenucci and Lewis Cook , though it was awarded to Taylor , whilst he also finished second in the voting for the Yorkshire Evening Post Player of the Year award , runner-up to eventual winner Taylor . Berardi missed the entirety of Leeds 2016–17 pre-season friendlies due to injury , although he did return to the substitutes bench for the final pre-season friendly against Italian side Atalanta . On 7 August , in the opening fixture of the season against Queens Park Rangers in a 3–0 defeat , Berardi was substituted early in the first half after picking up a hamstring injury . As a result of the hamstring injury , Berardi was ruled out for around six weeks . On 26 October 2016 , he made his return when he started in Leeds penalty shootout victory against Norwich City in the League Cup , after a dramatic 2–2 draw in normal time . However upon his return from injury , Berardi was kept out the side due to the impressive form of new right back Luke Ayling . After an Achilles injury to regular left back Charlie Taylor , on 29 December 2016 against Aston Villa , Berardi came into the side as a left back for a run of games . Berardis form at left back managed to keep out the returning Taylor for the remainder of the season . On 6 August 2017 , Berardi suffered a dislocated shoulder in the 3–2 victory against Bolton Wanderers in the first game of the season , and had to be replaced by debutant Vurnon Anita in the first half . On 8 August , he signed a new three-year contract at the club , keeping him at Leeds until the end of the 2019–20 season . On 30 December 2017 , Berardi was named as captain and made his 100th appearance for Leeds in the 1–0 defeat against Birmingham City . On 7 January 2018 , Berardi again captaining Leeds scored his first goal for the club and his first ever professional career goal with a low , swerving shot from 25 yards in a 2–1 defeat against Newport County in the FA Cup . On 7 April 2018 , Berardi who was captaining the side , was sent off for a two footed lunge on Sunderlands Callum McManaman , with the sending off being his third red card of the 2017–18 season , Berardi was given a five match ban , missing the final five games of the season . After missing 10 games combined through suspension for the 2017–18 season , Berardi apologised for his poor discipline in an interview with LUTV , stating that its not good enough for a senior professional player , adding that he will stop making mistakes when I die . Ahead of the 2018–19 season under new head coach Marcelo Bielsa , Berardi was training in a new position as a centre back , and used during pre-season in his new position . He started the season as first choice centre back alongside Liam Cooper , keeping Pontus Jansson on the bench , however Berardi was ruled out for a number of weeks after picking up a knee injury against Middlesbrough on 31 August . After returning from injury after six weeks out injured , Berardi in only his second game back , picked up a separate serious injury on 24 October 2018 in a 2–0 win against Ipswich Town after suffering a hyperextention injury to the hamstring , which would rule him out for several months . Rob Price , Leeds Head of Medicine , revealed the seriousness of the injury by revealing Berardi tore his hamstring completely off the bone . During the 2018–19 season , Berardi played 13 matches across the regular season after an injury hit campaign , with Leeds finishing the regular season in third place despite spending the majority of the season in the automatic promotion places , and therefore qualifying for the promotion play-offs . Berardi started the Championship semi-final first leg as Leeds went 1–0 up away to Derby County , but was sent off in the 78th-minute of the second leg for a foul on Bradley Johnson as Leeds lost 4–2 ( 4–3 on aggregate ) . The red card was the seventh of Berardis Leeds career , equalling Alan Smith as the most red-carded player in the clubs history . Berardi scored only the second goal of his career on 13 August in the EFL Cup tie against Salford City to help earn a 3–0 victory . He received his eighth red card for the club against Millwall on 5 October , at the time making him the most red-carded player in Leeds United history . However , the controversial red card was overturned on appeal on 8 October . After the English professional football season was paused in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic , the season was resumed during June , where Berardi earned promotion with Leeds to the Premier League as EFL Championship champions for the 2019–20 season . However , Berardi injured his anterior cruciate ligament in the penultimate game of the season as Leeds defeated Derby County 3–1 on 17 July 2020 ; the injury was set to rule Berardi out for nine months . Having signed a short extension to remain with Leeds during Project Restart , Berardis contract ran out at the end of the 2019–20 season . However , he was allowed to remain at the clubs Thorp Arch training ground while completing his rehabilitation from the ACL injury , and on 16 October 2020 signed a new one-year contract for Leeds first season back in the Premier League . He made his Premier league debut on 19 May 2021 , coming on for Diego Llorente in a 2–0 win for Leeds away to Southampton . On 21 May 2021 , it was announced that Leeds would release Berardi at the end of the season . On 23 May 2021 , after a 3–1 home win against West Bromwich Albion , Berardi alongside teammate Pablo Hernandez bade farewell to the Leeds United fans , after they made their final appearances for the club . International career . After playing for the Switzerland national under-20 team , Berardi debuted for the Switzerland U21s against Greece on 19 November 2008 . Berardi played his first match for Switzerland at senior level against Liechtenstein on 10 August 2011 . Honours . Brescia - Serie B Play-offs : 2009–10 Sampdoria - Serie B play-offs : 2011–12 Leeds United - EFL Championship : 2019–20 |
[
"Sampdoria"
] | easy | Which team did Gaetano Berardi play for from 2012 to 2014? | /wiki/Gaetano_Berardi#P54#3 | Gaetano Berardi Gaetano Michel Berardi ( born 21 August 1988 ) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a defender . He can also operate at left-back and centre-back . He has been capped at international level by Switzerland . Berardi scored his first ever senior goal against Newport County in the FA Cup . His 2nd was against Salford City in the League cup . Club career . Brescia . Born in Sorengo , Berardi started his career at Swiss club Luganos youth team . In the summer of 2005 , he was signed by Serie B side Brescia . Berardi made his professional debut on 30 June 2007 , in a winning away game against Pescara ( 1–3 ) . In his first season , Berardi made ten appearances in all competitions under the management of Serse Cosmi . In the 2008–09 season , Berardi was used in 26 Serie B games . Before finally becoming a first team regular in Giuseppe Iachini team during the 2009–10 season , Brescia earned promotion to Serie A after beating Torino in the Serie B play-offs . Berardi made his Serie A debut on 12 September 2010 in a 3–2 victory against Palermo . He made 26 starts in total for Brescia in Serie A , although Brescia were relegated at the end of the season after finishing in 19th position . Sampdoria . Upon the opening of the January transfer window , Berardi signed for fellow Serie B side Sampdoria . Berardi made his debut in a 2–1 victory against Padova on 14 January . At the end of the 2011–12 season , Berardi gained his second promotion to Serie A after winning the Serie B play-offs by beating Varese 4–2 on aggregate in the two-legged play-off final . The following club season in Serie A , despite stiff competition from Italian international Lorenzo De Silvestri , Berardi made 21 appearances in Serie A during the 2012–13 season . However , after the club appointed Siniša Mihajlović as head coach in November 2013 , Berardi lost his place in the starting lineup and only made five Serie A appearances during the subsequent 2013–14 season . Leeds United . On 19 July 2014 , Leeds United announced that they had signed Berardi to a two-year deal for an undisclosed fee . Club president Massimo Cellino confirmed that Berardi had taken a wage cut to join Leeds . Berardi made his Leeds debut on 12 August 2014 , starting the League Cup match against Accrington Stanley , but was sent off for a mid-air sliding tackle and received a three-match ban as a result . With regular right back Sam Byram suspended , Berardi was set to start against Bradford City on 27 August , but was ruled out after picking up a concussion the day before the game . His full league debut was in a 1–1 draw away at Birmingham City on 13 September 2014 . On 20 September , Berardi received his second red card in just his fourth game , after being sent off in a 3–0 win over local rivals Huddersfield Town . With regular left back Charlie Taylor pushed forward into an attacking left wing position , during 2015 Berardi became a regular fixture in the left-back position for Leeds . Berardi finished the season in strong form at left back , starting 10 of the last 11 games and becoming a fans favourite for his performances . On 21 September 2015 , after becoming a highly popular player with the fans for his consistent displays at both right back or left back positions , Berardi signed a two-year contract extension with the club lasting until 2018 . On 21 November , Berardi received another straight red card for Leeds in the 73rd-minute of a 1–0 home defeat to Rotherham United ; after being left with a bloodied nose following an elbow to the face from Leon Best , Berardi pushed Best to the ground before being restrained by his teammates , with both players receiving a straight red card as a result . The ban was later reduced after appeal due to the severity of the elbow Berardi received from Best , provoking the reaction . After returning from suspension , Berardi suffered a torn ankle ligament on 14 December against Charlton Athletic which ruled him out for two months . After returning from injury , in April 2016 , in the return fixture against Rotherham , Berardi – in similar circumstances to the reverse fixture – suffered a bloodied face/head injury after being elbowed by Rotherham striker Matt Derbyshire , which resulted in Derbyshires being given a straight red , albeit in a 2–1 defeat for Leeds . Berardi was nominated for the Leeds United Player of the Year award , alongside Charlie Taylor , Liam Bridcutt , Mirco Antenucci and Lewis Cook , though it was awarded to Taylor , whilst he also finished second in the voting for the Yorkshire Evening Post Player of the Year award , runner-up to eventual winner Taylor . Berardi missed the entirety of Leeds 2016–17 pre-season friendlies due to injury , although he did return to the substitutes bench for the final pre-season friendly against Italian side Atalanta . On 7 August , in the opening fixture of the season against Queens Park Rangers in a 3–0 defeat , Berardi was substituted early in the first half after picking up a hamstring injury . As a result of the hamstring injury , Berardi was ruled out for around six weeks . On 26 October 2016 , he made his return when he started in Leeds penalty shootout victory against Norwich City in the League Cup , after a dramatic 2–2 draw in normal time . However upon his return from injury , Berardi was kept out the side due to the impressive form of new right back Luke Ayling . After an Achilles injury to regular left back Charlie Taylor , on 29 December 2016 against Aston Villa , Berardi came into the side as a left back for a run of games . Berardis form at left back managed to keep out the returning Taylor for the remainder of the season . On 6 August 2017 , Berardi suffered a dislocated shoulder in the 3–2 victory against Bolton Wanderers in the first game of the season , and had to be replaced by debutant Vurnon Anita in the first half . On 8 August , he signed a new three-year contract at the club , keeping him at Leeds until the end of the 2019–20 season . On 30 December 2017 , Berardi was named as captain and made his 100th appearance for Leeds in the 1–0 defeat against Birmingham City . On 7 January 2018 , Berardi again captaining Leeds scored his first goal for the club and his first ever professional career goal with a low , swerving shot from 25 yards in a 2–1 defeat against Newport County in the FA Cup . On 7 April 2018 , Berardi who was captaining the side , was sent off for a two footed lunge on Sunderlands Callum McManaman , with the sending off being his third red card of the 2017–18 season , Berardi was given a five match ban , missing the final five games of the season . After missing 10 games combined through suspension for the 2017–18 season , Berardi apologised for his poor discipline in an interview with LUTV , stating that its not good enough for a senior professional player , adding that he will stop making mistakes when I die . Ahead of the 2018–19 season under new head coach Marcelo Bielsa , Berardi was training in a new position as a centre back , and used during pre-season in his new position . He started the season as first choice centre back alongside Liam Cooper , keeping Pontus Jansson on the bench , however Berardi was ruled out for a number of weeks after picking up a knee injury against Middlesbrough on 31 August . After returning from injury after six weeks out injured , Berardi in only his second game back , picked up a separate serious injury on 24 October 2018 in a 2–0 win against Ipswich Town after suffering a hyperextention injury to the hamstring , which would rule him out for several months . Rob Price , Leeds Head of Medicine , revealed the seriousness of the injury by revealing Berardi tore his hamstring completely off the bone . During the 2018–19 season , Berardi played 13 matches across the regular season after an injury hit campaign , with Leeds finishing the regular season in third place despite spending the majority of the season in the automatic promotion places , and therefore qualifying for the promotion play-offs . Berardi started the Championship semi-final first leg as Leeds went 1–0 up away to Derby County , but was sent off in the 78th-minute of the second leg for a foul on Bradley Johnson as Leeds lost 4–2 ( 4–3 on aggregate ) . The red card was the seventh of Berardis Leeds career , equalling Alan Smith as the most red-carded player in the clubs history . Berardi scored only the second goal of his career on 13 August in the EFL Cup tie against Salford City to help earn a 3–0 victory . He received his eighth red card for the club against Millwall on 5 October , at the time making him the most red-carded player in Leeds United history . However , the controversial red card was overturned on appeal on 8 October . After the English professional football season was paused in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic , the season was resumed during June , where Berardi earned promotion with Leeds to the Premier League as EFL Championship champions for the 2019–20 season . However , Berardi injured his anterior cruciate ligament in the penultimate game of the season as Leeds defeated Derby County 3–1 on 17 July 2020 ; the injury was set to rule Berardi out for nine months . Having signed a short extension to remain with Leeds during Project Restart , Berardis contract ran out at the end of the 2019–20 season . However , he was allowed to remain at the clubs Thorp Arch training ground while completing his rehabilitation from the ACL injury , and on 16 October 2020 signed a new one-year contract for Leeds first season back in the Premier League . He made his Premier league debut on 19 May 2021 , coming on for Diego Llorente in a 2–0 win for Leeds away to Southampton . On 21 May 2021 , it was announced that Leeds would release Berardi at the end of the season . On 23 May 2021 , after a 3–1 home win against West Bromwich Albion , Berardi alongside teammate Pablo Hernandez bade farewell to the Leeds United fans , after they made their final appearances for the club . International career . After playing for the Switzerland national under-20 team , Berardi debuted for the Switzerland U21s against Greece on 19 November 2008 . Berardi played his first match for Switzerland at senior level against Liechtenstein on 10 August 2011 . Honours . Brescia - Serie B Play-offs : 2009–10 Sampdoria - Serie B play-offs : 2011–12 Leeds United - EFL Championship : 2019–20 |
[
"Leeds United"
] | easy | Which team did Gaetano Berardi play for from 2014 to 2015? | /wiki/Gaetano_Berardi#P54#4 | Gaetano Berardi Gaetano Michel Berardi ( born 21 August 1988 ) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a defender . He can also operate at left-back and centre-back . He has been capped at international level by Switzerland . Berardi scored his first ever senior goal against Newport County in the FA Cup . His 2nd was against Salford City in the League cup . Club career . Brescia . Born in Sorengo , Berardi started his career at Swiss club Luganos youth team . In the summer of 2005 , he was signed by Serie B side Brescia . Berardi made his professional debut on 30 June 2007 , in a winning away game against Pescara ( 1–3 ) . In his first season , Berardi made ten appearances in all competitions under the management of Serse Cosmi . In the 2008–09 season , Berardi was used in 26 Serie B games . Before finally becoming a first team regular in Giuseppe Iachini team during the 2009–10 season , Brescia earned promotion to Serie A after beating Torino in the Serie B play-offs . Berardi made his Serie A debut on 12 September 2010 in a 3–2 victory against Palermo . He made 26 starts in total for Brescia in Serie A , although Brescia were relegated at the end of the season after finishing in 19th position . Sampdoria . Upon the opening of the January transfer window , Berardi signed for fellow Serie B side Sampdoria . Berardi made his debut in a 2–1 victory against Padova on 14 January . At the end of the 2011–12 season , Berardi gained his second promotion to Serie A after winning the Serie B play-offs by beating Varese 4–2 on aggregate in the two-legged play-off final . The following club season in Serie A , despite stiff competition from Italian international Lorenzo De Silvestri , Berardi made 21 appearances in Serie A during the 2012–13 season . However , after the club appointed Siniša Mihajlović as head coach in November 2013 , Berardi lost his place in the starting lineup and only made five Serie A appearances during the subsequent 2013–14 season . Leeds United . On 19 July 2014 , Leeds United announced that they had signed Berardi to a two-year deal for an undisclosed fee . Club president Massimo Cellino confirmed that Berardi had taken a wage cut to join Leeds . Berardi made his Leeds debut on 12 August 2014 , starting the League Cup match against Accrington Stanley , but was sent off for a mid-air sliding tackle and received a three-match ban as a result . With regular right back Sam Byram suspended , Berardi was set to start against Bradford City on 27 August , but was ruled out after picking up a concussion the day before the game . His full league debut was in a 1–1 draw away at Birmingham City on 13 September 2014 . On 20 September , Berardi received his second red card in just his fourth game , after being sent off in a 3–0 win over local rivals Huddersfield Town . With regular left back Charlie Taylor pushed forward into an attacking left wing position , during 2015 Berardi became a regular fixture in the left-back position for Leeds . Berardi finished the season in strong form at left back , starting 10 of the last 11 games and becoming a fans favourite for his performances . On 21 September 2015 , after becoming a highly popular player with the fans for his consistent displays at both right back or left back positions , Berardi signed a two-year contract extension with the club lasting until 2018 . On 21 November , Berardi received another straight red card for Leeds in the 73rd-minute of a 1–0 home defeat to Rotherham United ; after being left with a bloodied nose following an elbow to the face from Leon Best , Berardi pushed Best to the ground before being restrained by his teammates , with both players receiving a straight red card as a result . The ban was later reduced after appeal due to the severity of the elbow Berardi received from Best , provoking the reaction . After returning from suspension , Berardi suffered a torn ankle ligament on 14 December against Charlton Athletic which ruled him out for two months . After returning from injury , in April 2016 , in the return fixture against Rotherham , Berardi – in similar circumstances to the reverse fixture – suffered a bloodied face/head injury after being elbowed by Rotherham striker Matt Derbyshire , which resulted in Derbyshires being given a straight red , albeit in a 2–1 defeat for Leeds . Berardi was nominated for the Leeds United Player of the Year award , alongside Charlie Taylor , Liam Bridcutt , Mirco Antenucci and Lewis Cook , though it was awarded to Taylor , whilst he also finished second in the voting for the Yorkshire Evening Post Player of the Year award , runner-up to eventual winner Taylor . Berardi missed the entirety of Leeds 2016–17 pre-season friendlies due to injury , although he did return to the substitutes bench for the final pre-season friendly against Italian side Atalanta . On 7 August , in the opening fixture of the season against Queens Park Rangers in a 3–0 defeat , Berardi was substituted early in the first half after picking up a hamstring injury . As a result of the hamstring injury , Berardi was ruled out for around six weeks . On 26 October 2016 , he made his return when he started in Leeds penalty shootout victory against Norwich City in the League Cup , after a dramatic 2–2 draw in normal time . However upon his return from injury , Berardi was kept out the side due to the impressive form of new right back Luke Ayling . After an Achilles injury to regular left back Charlie Taylor , on 29 December 2016 against Aston Villa , Berardi came into the side as a left back for a run of games . Berardis form at left back managed to keep out the returning Taylor for the remainder of the season . On 6 August 2017 , Berardi suffered a dislocated shoulder in the 3–2 victory against Bolton Wanderers in the first game of the season , and had to be replaced by debutant Vurnon Anita in the first half . On 8 August , he signed a new three-year contract at the club , keeping him at Leeds until the end of the 2019–20 season . On 30 December 2017 , Berardi was named as captain and made his 100th appearance for Leeds in the 1–0 defeat against Birmingham City . On 7 January 2018 , Berardi again captaining Leeds scored his first goal for the club and his first ever professional career goal with a low , swerving shot from 25 yards in a 2–1 defeat against Newport County in the FA Cup . On 7 April 2018 , Berardi who was captaining the side , was sent off for a two footed lunge on Sunderlands Callum McManaman , with the sending off being his third red card of the 2017–18 season , Berardi was given a five match ban , missing the final five games of the season . After missing 10 games combined through suspension for the 2017–18 season , Berardi apologised for his poor discipline in an interview with LUTV , stating that its not good enough for a senior professional player , adding that he will stop making mistakes when I die . Ahead of the 2018–19 season under new head coach Marcelo Bielsa , Berardi was training in a new position as a centre back , and used during pre-season in his new position . He started the season as first choice centre back alongside Liam Cooper , keeping Pontus Jansson on the bench , however Berardi was ruled out for a number of weeks after picking up a knee injury against Middlesbrough on 31 August . After returning from injury after six weeks out injured , Berardi in only his second game back , picked up a separate serious injury on 24 October 2018 in a 2–0 win against Ipswich Town after suffering a hyperextention injury to the hamstring , which would rule him out for several months . Rob Price , Leeds Head of Medicine , revealed the seriousness of the injury by revealing Berardi tore his hamstring completely off the bone . During the 2018–19 season , Berardi played 13 matches across the regular season after an injury hit campaign , with Leeds finishing the regular season in third place despite spending the majority of the season in the automatic promotion places , and therefore qualifying for the promotion play-offs . Berardi started the Championship semi-final first leg as Leeds went 1–0 up away to Derby County , but was sent off in the 78th-minute of the second leg for a foul on Bradley Johnson as Leeds lost 4–2 ( 4–3 on aggregate ) . The red card was the seventh of Berardis Leeds career , equalling Alan Smith as the most red-carded player in the clubs history . Berardi scored only the second goal of his career on 13 August in the EFL Cup tie against Salford City to help earn a 3–0 victory . He received his eighth red card for the club against Millwall on 5 October , at the time making him the most red-carded player in Leeds United history . However , the controversial red card was overturned on appeal on 8 October . After the English professional football season was paused in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic , the season was resumed during June , where Berardi earned promotion with Leeds to the Premier League as EFL Championship champions for the 2019–20 season . However , Berardi injured his anterior cruciate ligament in the penultimate game of the season as Leeds defeated Derby County 3–1 on 17 July 2020 ; the injury was set to rule Berardi out for nine months . Having signed a short extension to remain with Leeds during Project Restart , Berardis contract ran out at the end of the 2019–20 season . However , he was allowed to remain at the clubs Thorp Arch training ground while completing his rehabilitation from the ACL injury , and on 16 October 2020 signed a new one-year contract for Leeds first season back in the Premier League . He made his Premier league debut on 19 May 2021 , coming on for Diego Llorente in a 2–0 win for Leeds away to Southampton . On 21 May 2021 , it was announced that Leeds would release Berardi at the end of the season . On 23 May 2021 , after a 3–1 home win against West Bromwich Albion , Berardi alongside teammate Pablo Hernandez bade farewell to the Leeds United fans , after they made their final appearances for the club . International career . After playing for the Switzerland national under-20 team , Berardi debuted for the Switzerland U21s against Greece on 19 November 2008 . Berardi played his first match for Switzerland at senior level against Liechtenstein on 10 August 2011 . Honours . Brescia - Serie B Play-offs : 2009–10 Sampdoria - Serie B play-offs : 2011–12 Leeds United - EFL Championship : 2019–20 |
[
"Finance Minister"
] | easy | What was the position of Mogens Lykketoft from 1993 to Dec 2000? | /wiki/Mogens_Lykketoft#P39#0 | Mogens Lykketoft Mogens Lykketoft ( ; born 9 January 1946 ) is a Danish politician who served as Leader of the Social Democrats ( Socialdemokraterne ) from 2002 to 2005 . He succeeded Poul Nyrup Rasmussen as party leader . After losing the 2005 parliamentary election , he resigned his office . In the Cabinets of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen I , II , III and IV which governed from 1993 to 2001 , he held positions as Finance Minister and Foreign Minister . During the cabinet of Helle Thorning Schmidt from 2011 to 2015 he was Speaker of the Folketing . In June 2015 he was unanimously elected the President of the United Nations General Assembly presiding over the 70th session of the General Assembly beginning 15 September 2015 . Early life . Lykketoft was born out of wedlock and put up for adoption . He was adopted twice , since his first adoptive father died when he was only a few months old . The second time he was adopted by shopkeeper Axel Lykketoft and Martha Lykketoft . He was the only child in the family and had , according to himself , a safe and secure childhood . Lykketoft matriculated in mathematics from Frederiksberg Gymnasium , an upper secondary school , in 1964 and went on to study at the University of Copenhagen . In 1971 he became Cand.polit . ( a Masters degree in economics by the University of Copenhagen ) . At Copenhagen University Lykketoft became a member of Frit Forum , the Social Democratic student organisation . From 1965 to 1970 he was part of its management committee and he was its national chairman for the academic year 1968/69 . From 1975 to 1981 he was department head in The Economic Council of the Labour Movement , a Danish think tank made up of trade union leaders and Social Democratic MPs . He had been working at the think tank since 1966 . Political career . Member of the Folketing . On 20 January 1981 Prime Minister Anker Jørgensen picked him to be Taxation Minister . He was minister for less than 20 months before the Social Democratic government resigned . In the 1981 general election he became MP for the Copenhagen County constituency . He has been member of the Folketing ( the Danish parliament ) ever since , standing for election eleven times . Since 2007 he has been representing Greater Copenhagen greater constituency . In 1987 he unsuccessfully tried to be kingmaker at the election of a new leader of the Danish Social Democrats . The attempt put him in opposition to the new leader Svend Auken . Five years later he was more successful when his new candidate , Poul Nyrup Rasmussen , challenged and defeated Auken at an extraordinary congress of the Social Democrats . After the resignation of the Conservative/Liberal government in January 1993 Lykketoft became Finance Minister in the cabinets of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen ( I , II , III , IV ) . He is the longest serving Finance Minister in modern Danish history . He became Foreign Minister in December 2000 and continued as such until the government lost the general election of 2001 . After Poul Nyrup resigned Lykketoft was elected Leader of the Social Democrats , a position he held until he failed to unseat the Liberal/Conservative government of Anders Fogh Rasmussen at the general election of 2005 . From 2005 to 2011 he was the Foreign Policy Spokesman for the Social Democratic parliamentary group . Speaker of Folketing . In October 2009 he became member of the Præsidium of the Folketing ( the unified leadership of the Danish parliament ) . And after the election victory of the Socialist-Social Democrat-Social Liberal coalition in the 2011 general election he became President of the Parliament of Denmark . As President or Speaker of the Folketing he has been on official visits to Turkey ( 2014 ) , Iceland ( 2014 ) , Slovakia ( 2013 ) , Greece ( 2013 ) , The Bundestag in Berlin ( 2013 ) and The United States Congress in Washington ( 2012 ) . He has also been on work visits to Mexico ( 2014 ) , Palestine ( 2014 ) , Mongolia ( 2013 ) , Burma , ( 2013 ) , Albania ( 2012 ) , Bulgaria ( 2012 ) , Vietnam ( 2012 ) and Indonesia ( 2012 ) . UN General assembly . In 2013 Lykketoft was nominated to the position of President of the United Nations General Assembly by the Danish government . He was the only official candidate for the WEOG group . When elected he will not resign as a Danish MP but rather take a leave of absence returning to the Folketing after his UN appointment has ended . He will run for office in the upcoming Danish general election . Israel/Palestine visit . During his February 2014 visit to Palestine he did not at the same time meet with Israeli officials , this made the speaker of the Knesset Yuli Edelstein express regret of the fact that Lykketoft unlike other world leaders decided not to include Israel in his visit of the region . Edelstein further said : I do not understand how a visit to Gaza , which is controlled by Hamas , goes along with Denmarks democratic values . Lykketoft said that he was keen to hear both parts in the conflict and he had tried to schedule a meeting with the speaker of the Knesset . But he was told that Edelstein was unable to meet him during his visit . During an interview Lykketoft stated : There was this Israeli reaction from the spokesman in the foreign ministry that it was kind of diplomatically impolite to go to Palestine without having an arrangement with the Israeli side . In December 2014 he was asked his opinion about the Swedish recognition of an independent Palestine state . He answered the interviewer:I think the movement in European parliaments and from the government of Sweden to recognize the State of Palestine is a reaction to the observation that the present Israeli government has no intention to contribute to formation of a sovereign Palestinian state , while this is expressed by the vast majority of member states in the United Nations through numerous resolutions . Personal life . He was married for the first time in 1967 to librarian Aase Toft . The family lived in Albertslund and was next-door neighbors to his good friend Poul Nyrup Rasmussen and his family . in January 1979 Aase Lykketoft died from an intracranial hemorrhage . He has two children from his first marriage , Maja , born in 1969 , and Kit , born in 1972 . He also has five grandsons . Two years after his first wife died he got married for the second time , this time to Helle Mollerup , the ex-wife of Poul Nyrup . In 1986 he divorced Helle Mollerup and later married MP Jytte Hilden . From 1993 to 1997 they were both ministers in the Cabinets of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen ( I , II , III ) . They divorced in 2004 . Since 2005 Lykketoft has been married to author Mette Holm . They have written three books together . Publications . - Editor of Magtspil og Sikkerhed ( Power Play and Security ) , 1968 - Editor of Kravet om lighed ( The Demand for Equality ) , 1973 - Author of Skattereform 78 ? ( Tax Reform 78? ) , 1978 - Co-author of Anno 2001 – en socialdemokratisk science fiction ( Anno 2001 – Social Democratic Science Fiction ) , 1986 - Author of Sans og samling – en socialdemokratisk krønike ( Sense and Cohesion – A Social Democratic Chronicle ) , 1994 - Author of Den danske model – en europæisk succeshistorie ( The Danish Model – a European success story ) , 2006 - With Mette Holm - Kina drager ( China allures ) , 2006 - Kina – Kapitalisme med særlige kinesiske kendetegn ( China – Capitalism the Chinese way ) , 2008 - Burma Myanmar , 2012 External links . - Lykketoft finale – Documentary about Lykketoft running for Prime Minister - Sound file with the danish pronunciation of his name |
[
"Foreign Minister"
] | easy | What was the position of Mogens Lykketoft from Dec 2000 to Nov 2001? | /wiki/Mogens_Lykketoft#P39#1 | Mogens Lykketoft Mogens Lykketoft ( ; born 9 January 1946 ) is a Danish politician who served as Leader of the Social Democrats ( Socialdemokraterne ) from 2002 to 2005 . He succeeded Poul Nyrup Rasmussen as party leader . After losing the 2005 parliamentary election , he resigned his office . In the Cabinets of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen I , II , III and IV which governed from 1993 to 2001 , he held positions as Finance Minister and Foreign Minister . During the cabinet of Helle Thorning Schmidt from 2011 to 2015 he was Speaker of the Folketing . In June 2015 he was unanimously elected the President of the United Nations General Assembly presiding over the 70th session of the General Assembly beginning 15 September 2015 . Early life . Lykketoft was born out of wedlock and put up for adoption . He was adopted twice , since his first adoptive father died when he was only a few months old . The second time he was adopted by shopkeeper Axel Lykketoft and Martha Lykketoft . He was the only child in the family and had , according to himself , a safe and secure childhood . Lykketoft matriculated in mathematics from Frederiksberg Gymnasium , an upper secondary school , in 1964 and went on to study at the University of Copenhagen . In 1971 he became Cand.polit . ( a Masters degree in economics by the University of Copenhagen ) . At Copenhagen University Lykketoft became a member of Frit Forum , the Social Democratic student organisation . From 1965 to 1970 he was part of its management committee and he was its national chairman for the academic year 1968/69 . From 1975 to 1981 he was department head in The Economic Council of the Labour Movement , a Danish think tank made up of trade union leaders and Social Democratic MPs . He had been working at the think tank since 1966 . Political career . Member of the Folketing . On 20 January 1981 Prime Minister Anker Jørgensen picked him to be Taxation Minister . He was minister for less than 20 months before the Social Democratic government resigned . In the 1981 general election he became MP for the Copenhagen County constituency . He has been member of the Folketing ( the Danish parliament ) ever since , standing for election eleven times . Since 2007 he has been representing Greater Copenhagen greater constituency . In 1987 he unsuccessfully tried to be kingmaker at the election of a new leader of the Danish Social Democrats . The attempt put him in opposition to the new leader Svend Auken . Five years later he was more successful when his new candidate , Poul Nyrup Rasmussen , challenged and defeated Auken at an extraordinary congress of the Social Democrats . After the resignation of the Conservative/Liberal government in January 1993 Lykketoft became Finance Minister in the cabinets of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen ( I , II , III , IV ) . He is the longest serving Finance Minister in modern Danish history . He became Foreign Minister in December 2000 and continued as such until the government lost the general election of 2001 . After Poul Nyrup resigned Lykketoft was elected Leader of the Social Democrats , a position he held until he failed to unseat the Liberal/Conservative government of Anders Fogh Rasmussen at the general election of 2005 . From 2005 to 2011 he was the Foreign Policy Spokesman for the Social Democratic parliamentary group . Speaker of Folketing . In October 2009 he became member of the Præsidium of the Folketing ( the unified leadership of the Danish parliament ) . And after the election victory of the Socialist-Social Democrat-Social Liberal coalition in the 2011 general election he became President of the Parliament of Denmark . As President or Speaker of the Folketing he has been on official visits to Turkey ( 2014 ) , Iceland ( 2014 ) , Slovakia ( 2013 ) , Greece ( 2013 ) , The Bundestag in Berlin ( 2013 ) and The United States Congress in Washington ( 2012 ) . He has also been on work visits to Mexico ( 2014 ) , Palestine ( 2014 ) , Mongolia ( 2013 ) , Burma , ( 2013 ) , Albania ( 2012 ) , Bulgaria ( 2012 ) , Vietnam ( 2012 ) and Indonesia ( 2012 ) . UN General assembly . In 2013 Lykketoft was nominated to the position of President of the United Nations General Assembly by the Danish government . He was the only official candidate for the WEOG group . When elected he will not resign as a Danish MP but rather take a leave of absence returning to the Folketing after his UN appointment has ended . He will run for office in the upcoming Danish general election . Israel/Palestine visit . During his February 2014 visit to Palestine he did not at the same time meet with Israeli officials , this made the speaker of the Knesset Yuli Edelstein express regret of the fact that Lykketoft unlike other world leaders decided not to include Israel in his visit of the region . Edelstein further said : I do not understand how a visit to Gaza , which is controlled by Hamas , goes along with Denmarks democratic values . Lykketoft said that he was keen to hear both parts in the conflict and he had tried to schedule a meeting with the speaker of the Knesset . But he was told that Edelstein was unable to meet him during his visit . During an interview Lykketoft stated : There was this Israeli reaction from the spokesman in the foreign ministry that it was kind of diplomatically impolite to go to Palestine without having an arrangement with the Israeli side . In December 2014 he was asked his opinion about the Swedish recognition of an independent Palestine state . He answered the interviewer:I think the movement in European parliaments and from the government of Sweden to recognize the State of Palestine is a reaction to the observation that the present Israeli government has no intention to contribute to formation of a sovereign Palestinian state , while this is expressed by the vast majority of member states in the United Nations through numerous resolutions . Personal life . He was married for the first time in 1967 to librarian Aase Toft . The family lived in Albertslund and was next-door neighbors to his good friend Poul Nyrup Rasmussen and his family . in January 1979 Aase Lykketoft died from an intracranial hemorrhage . He has two children from his first marriage , Maja , born in 1969 , and Kit , born in 1972 . He also has five grandsons . Two years after his first wife died he got married for the second time , this time to Helle Mollerup , the ex-wife of Poul Nyrup . In 1986 he divorced Helle Mollerup and later married MP Jytte Hilden . From 1993 to 1997 they were both ministers in the Cabinets of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen ( I , II , III ) . They divorced in 2004 . Since 2005 Lykketoft has been married to author Mette Holm . They have written three books together . Publications . - Editor of Magtspil og Sikkerhed ( Power Play and Security ) , 1968 - Editor of Kravet om lighed ( The Demand for Equality ) , 1973 - Author of Skattereform 78 ? ( Tax Reform 78? ) , 1978 - Co-author of Anno 2001 – en socialdemokratisk science fiction ( Anno 2001 – Social Democratic Science Fiction ) , 1986 - Author of Sans og samling – en socialdemokratisk krønike ( Sense and Cohesion – A Social Democratic Chronicle ) , 1994 - Author of Den danske model – en europæisk succeshistorie ( The Danish Model – a European success story ) , 2006 - With Mette Holm - Kina drager ( China allures ) , 2006 - Kina – Kapitalisme med særlige kinesiske kendetegn ( China – Capitalism the Chinese way ) , 2008 - Burma Myanmar , 2012 External links . - Lykketoft finale – Documentary about Lykketoft running for Prime Minister - Sound file with the danish pronunciation of his name |
[
"President of the Parliament of Denmark"
] | easy | Mogens Lykketoft took which position from Sep 2011 to Jul 2015? | /wiki/Mogens_Lykketoft#P39#2 | Mogens Lykketoft Mogens Lykketoft ( ; born 9 January 1946 ) is a Danish politician who served as Leader of the Social Democrats ( Socialdemokraterne ) from 2002 to 2005 . He succeeded Poul Nyrup Rasmussen as party leader . After losing the 2005 parliamentary election , he resigned his office . In the Cabinets of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen I , II , III and IV which governed from 1993 to 2001 , he held positions as Finance Minister and Foreign Minister . During the cabinet of Helle Thorning Schmidt from 2011 to 2015 he was Speaker of the Folketing . In June 2015 he was unanimously elected the President of the United Nations General Assembly presiding over the 70th session of the General Assembly beginning 15 September 2015 . Early life . Lykketoft was born out of wedlock and put up for adoption . He was adopted twice , since his first adoptive father died when he was only a few months old . The second time he was adopted by shopkeeper Axel Lykketoft and Martha Lykketoft . He was the only child in the family and had , according to himself , a safe and secure childhood . Lykketoft matriculated in mathematics from Frederiksberg Gymnasium , an upper secondary school , in 1964 and went on to study at the University of Copenhagen . In 1971 he became Cand.polit . ( a Masters degree in economics by the University of Copenhagen ) . At Copenhagen University Lykketoft became a member of Frit Forum , the Social Democratic student organisation . From 1965 to 1970 he was part of its management committee and he was its national chairman for the academic year 1968/69 . From 1975 to 1981 he was department head in The Economic Council of the Labour Movement , a Danish think tank made up of trade union leaders and Social Democratic MPs . He had been working at the think tank since 1966 . Political career . Member of the Folketing . On 20 January 1981 Prime Minister Anker Jørgensen picked him to be Taxation Minister . He was minister for less than 20 months before the Social Democratic government resigned . In the 1981 general election he became MP for the Copenhagen County constituency . He has been member of the Folketing ( the Danish parliament ) ever since , standing for election eleven times . Since 2007 he has been representing Greater Copenhagen greater constituency . In 1987 he unsuccessfully tried to be kingmaker at the election of a new leader of the Danish Social Democrats . The attempt put him in opposition to the new leader Svend Auken . Five years later he was more successful when his new candidate , Poul Nyrup Rasmussen , challenged and defeated Auken at an extraordinary congress of the Social Democrats . After the resignation of the Conservative/Liberal government in January 1993 Lykketoft became Finance Minister in the cabinets of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen ( I , II , III , IV ) . He is the longest serving Finance Minister in modern Danish history . He became Foreign Minister in December 2000 and continued as such until the government lost the general election of 2001 . After Poul Nyrup resigned Lykketoft was elected Leader of the Social Democrats , a position he held until he failed to unseat the Liberal/Conservative government of Anders Fogh Rasmussen at the general election of 2005 . From 2005 to 2011 he was the Foreign Policy Spokesman for the Social Democratic parliamentary group . Speaker of Folketing . In October 2009 he became member of the Præsidium of the Folketing ( the unified leadership of the Danish parliament ) . And after the election victory of the Socialist-Social Democrat-Social Liberal coalition in the 2011 general election he became President of the Parliament of Denmark . As President or Speaker of the Folketing he has been on official visits to Turkey ( 2014 ) , Iceland ( 2014 ) , Slovakia ( 2013 ) , Greece ( 2013 ) , The Bundestag in Berlin ( 2013 ) and The United States Congress in Washington ( 2012 ) . He has also been on work visits to Mexico ( 2014 ) , Palestine ( 2014 ) , Mongolia ( 2013 ) , Burma , ( 2013 ) , Albania ( 2012 ) , Bulgaria ( 2012 ) , Vietnam ( 2012 ) and Indonesia ( 2012 ) . UN General assembly . In 2013 Lykketoft was nominated to the position of President of the United Nations General Assembly by the Danish government . He was the only official candidate for the WEOG group . When elected he will not resign as a Danish MP but rather take a leave of absence returning to the Folketing after his UN appointment has ended . He will run for office in the upcoming Danish general election . Israel/Palestine visit . During his February 2014 visit to Palestine he did not at the same time meet with Israeli officials , this made the speaker of the Knesset Yuli Edelstein express regret of the fact that Lykketoft unlike other world leaders decided not to include Israel in his visit of the region . Edelstein further said : I do not understand how a visit to Gaza , which is controlled by Hamas , goes along with Denmarks democratic values . Lykketoft said that he was keen to hear both parts in the conflict and he had tried to schedule a meeting with the speaker of the Knesset . But he was told that Edelstein was unable to meet him during his visit . During an interview Lykketoft stated : There was this Israeli reaction from the spokesman in the foreign ministry that it was kind of diplomatically impolite to go to Palestine without having an arrangement with the Israeli side . In December 2014 he was asked his opinion about the Swedish recognition of an independent Palestine state . He answered the interviewer:I think the movement in European parliaments and from the government of Sweden to recognize the State of Palestine is a reaction to the observation that the present Israeli government has no intention to contribute to formation of a sovereign Palestinian state , while this is expressed by the vast majority of member states in the United Nations through numerous resolutions . Personal life . He was married for the first time in 1967 to librarian Aase Toft . The family lived in Albertslund and was next-door neighbors to his good friend Poul Nyrup Rasmussen and his family . in January 1979 Aase Lykketoft died from an intracranial hemorrhage . He has two children from his first marriage , Maja , born in 1969 , and Kit , born in 1972 . He also has five grandsons . Two years after his first wife died he got married for the second time , this time to Helle Mollerup , the ex-wife of Poul Nyrup . In 1986 he divorced Helle Mollerup and later married MP Jytte Hilden . From 1993 to 1997 they were both ministers in the Cabinets of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen ( I , II , III ) . They divorced in 2004 . Since 2005 Lykketoft has been married to author Mette Holm . They have written three books together . Publications . - Editor of Magtspil og Sikkerhed ( Power Play and Security ) , 1968 - Editor of Kravet om lighed ( The Demand for Equality ) , 1973 - Author of Skattereform 78 ? ( Tax Reform 78? ) , 1978 - Co-author of Anno 2001 – en socialdemokratisk science fiction ( Anno 2001 – Social Democratic Science Fiction ) , 1986 - Author of Sans og samling – en socialdemokratisk krønike ( Sense and Cohesion – A Social Democratic Chronicle ) , 1994 - Author of Den danske model – en europæisk succeshistorie ( The Danish Model – a European success story ) , 2006 - With Mette Holm - Kina drager ( China allures ) , 2006 - Kina – Kapitalisme med særlige kinesiske kendetegn ( China – Capitalism the Chinese way ) , 2008 - Burma Myanmar , 2012 External links . - Lykketoft finale – Documentary about Lykketoft running for Prime Minister - Sound file with the danish pronunciation of his name |
[
"President of the United Nations General Assembly"
] | easy | Mogens Lykketoft took which position from Sep 2015 to Sep 2016? | /wiki/Mogens_Lykketoft#P39#3 | Mogens Lykketoft Mogens Lykketoft ( ; born 9 January 1946 ) is a Danish politician who served as Leader of the Social Democrats ( Socialdemokraterne ) from 2002 to 2005 . He succeeded Poul Nyrup Rasmussen as party leader . After losing the 2005 parliamentary election , he resigned his office . In the Cabinets of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen I , II , III and IV which governed from 1993 to 2001 , he held positions as Finance Minister and Foreign Minister . During the cabinet of Helle Thorning Schmidt from 2011 to 2015 he was Speaker of the Folketing . In June 2015 he was unanimously elected the President of the United Nations General Assembly presiding over the 70th session of the General Assembly beginning 15 September 2015 . Early life . Lykketoft was born out of wedlock and put up for adoption . He was adopted twice , since his first adoptive father died when he was only a few months old . The second time he was adopted by shopkeeper Axel Lykketoft and Martha Lykketoft . He was the only child in the family and had , according to himself , a safe and secure childhood . Lykketoft matriculated in mathematics from Frederiksberg Gymnasium , an upper secondary school , in 1964 and went on to study at the University of Copenhagen . In 1971 he became Cand.polit . ( a Masters degree in economics by the University of Copenhagen ) . At Copenhagen University Lykketoft became a member of Frit Forum , the Social Democratic student organisation . From 1965 to 1970 he was part of its management committee and he was its national chairman for the academic year 1968/69 . From 1975 to 1981 he was department head in The Economic Council of the Labour Movement , a Danish think tank made up of trade union leaders and Social Democratic MPs . He had been working at the think tank since 1966 . Political career . Member of the Folketing . On 20 January 1981 Prime Minister Anker Jørgensen picked him to be Taxation Minister . He was minister for less than 20 months before the Social Democratic government resigned . In the 1981 general election he became MP for the Copenhagen County constituency . He has been member of the Folketing ( the Danish parliament ) ever since , standing for election eleven times . Since 2007 he has been representing Greater Copenhagen greater constituency . In 1987 he unsuccessfully tried to be kingmaker at the election of a new leader of the Danish Social Democrats . The attempt put him in opposition to the new leader Svend Auken . Five years later he was more successful when his new candidate , Poul Nyrup Rasmussen , challenged and defeated Auken at an extraordinary congress of the Social Democrats . After the resignation of the Conservative/Liberal government in January 1993 Lykketoft became Finance Minister in the cabinets of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen ( I , II , III , IV ) . He is the longest serving Finance Minister in modern Danish history . He became Foreign Minister in December 2000 and continued as such until the government lost the general election of 2001 . After Poul Nyrup resigned Lykketoft was elected Leader of the Social Democrats , a position he held until he failed to unseat the Liberal/Conservative government of Anders Fogh Rasmussen at the general election of 2005 . From 2005 to 2011 he was the Foreign Policy Spokesman for the Social Democratic parliamentary group . Speaker of Folketing . In October 2009 he became member of the Præsidium of the Folketing ( the unified leadership of the Danish parliament ) . And after the election victory of the Socialist-Social Democrat-Social Liberal coalition in the 2011 general election he became President of the Parliament of Denmark . As President or Speaker of the Folketing he has been on official visits to Turkey ( 2014 ) , Iceland ( 2014 ) , Slovakia ( 2013 ) , Greece ( 2013 ) , The Bundestag in Berlin ( 2013 ) and The United States Congress in Washington ( 2012 ) . He has also been on work visits to Mexico ( 2014 ) , Palestine ( 2014 ) , Mongolia ( 2013 ) , Burma , ( 2013 ) , Albania ( 2012 ) , Bulgaria ( 2012 ) , Vietnam ( 2012 ) and Indonesia ( 2012 ) . UN General assembly . In 2013 Lykketoft was nominated to the position of President of the United Nations General Assembly by the Danish government . He was the only official candidate for the WEOG group . When elected he will not resign as a Danish MP but rather take a leave of absence returning to the Folketing after his UN appointment has ended . He will run for office in the upcoming Danish general election . Israel/Palestine visit . During his February 2014 visit to Palestine he did not at the same time meet with Israeli officials , this made the speaker of the Knesset Yuli Edelstein express regret of the fact that Lykketoft unlike other world leaders decided not to include Israel in his visit of the region . Edelstein further said : I do not understand how a visit to Gaza , which is controlled by Hamas , goes along with Denmarks democratic values . Lykketoft said that he was keen to hear both parts in the conflict and he had tried to schedule a meeting with the speaker of the Knesset . But he was told that Edelstein was unable to meet him during his visit . During an interview Lykketoft stated : There was this Israeli reaction from the spokesman in the foreign ministry that it was kind of diplomatically impolite to go to Palestine without having an arrangement with the Israeli side . In December 2014 he was asked his opinion about the Swedish recognition of an independent Palestine state . He answered the interviewer:I think the movement in European parliaments and from the government of Sweden to recognize the State of Palestine is a reaction to the observation that the present Israeli government has no intention to contribute to formation of a sovereign Palestinian state , while this is expressed by the vast majority of member states in the United Nations through numerous resolutions . Personal life . He was married for the first time in 1967 to librarian Aase Toft . The family lived in Albertslund and was next-door neighbors to his good friend Poul Nyrup Rasmussen and his family . in January 1979 Aase Lykketoft died from an intracranial hemorrhage . He has two children from his first marriage , Maja , born in 1969 , and Kit , born in 1972 . He also has five grandsons . Two years after his first wife died he got married for the second time , this time to Helle Mollerup , the ex-wife of Poul Nyrup . In 1986 he divorced Helle Mollerup and later married MP Jytte Hilden . From 1993 to 1997 they were both ministers in the Cabinets of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen ( I , II , III ) . They divorced in 2004 . Since 2005 Lykketoft has been married to author Mette Holm . They have written three books together . Publications . - Editor of Magtspil og Sikkerhed ( Power Play and Security ) , 1968 - Editor of Kravet om lighed ( The Demand for Equality ) , 1973 - Author of Skattereform 78 ? ( Tax Reform 78? ) , 1978 - Co-author of Anno 2001 – en socialdemokratisk science fiction ( Anno 2001 – Social Democratic Science Fiction ) , 1986 - Author of Sans og samling – en socialdemokratisk krønike ( Sense and Cohesion – A Social Democratic Chronicle ) , 1994 - Author of Den danske model – en europæisk succeshistorie ( The Danish Model – a European success story ) , 2006 - With Mette Holm - Kina drager ( China allures ) , 2006 - Kina – Kapitalisme med særlige kinesiske kendetegn ( China – Capitalism the Chinese way ) , 2008 - Burma Myanmar , 2012 External links . - Lykketoft finale – Documentary about Lykketoft running for Prime Minister - Sound file with the danish pronunciation of his name |
[
"New Jersey Attorney General"
] | easy | What was the position of William Paterson (judge) from 1776 to 1783? | /wiki/William_Paterson_(judge)#P39#0 | William Paterson ( judge ) William Paterson ( December 24 , 1745 – September 9 , 1806 ) was a New Jersey statesman and a signer of the United States Constitution . He was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court and the second governor of New Jersey . Born in County Antrim , Ireland , Paterson moved to the North American British colonies at a young age . After graduating from the College of New Jersey ( now Princeton University ) and studying law under Richard Stockton , he was admitted to the bar in 1768 . He helped write the 1776 Constitution of New Jersey and served as the New Jersey Attorney General from 1776 to 1783 . He represented New Jersey at the 1787 Philadelphia Convention , where he proposed the New Jersey Plan , which would have provided for equal representation among the states in Congress . After the ratification of the Constitution , Paterson served in the United States Senate from 1789 to 1790 , helping to draft the Judiciary Act of 1789 . He resigned from the Senate to take office as Governor of New Jersey . In 1793 , he accepted appointment by President George Washington to serve as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court . He served on the court until his death in 1806 . Early life . William Paterson was born December 24 , 1745 , in County Antrim , Ireland , to Richard Paterson , an Ulster Protestant . Paterson immigrated with his parents to New Castle , Pennsylvania , in 1747 . At 14 , he began college at Princeton . After graduating , he studied law with the prominent lawyer Richard Stockton and was admitted to the bar in 1768 . He also stayed connected to his alma mater and helped found the Cliosophic Society with Aaron Burr . Career . Early career . Paterson was selected as the Somerset County delegate for the first three provincial congresses of New Jersey , where , as secretary , he recorded the 1776 New Jersey State Constitution . After Independence , Paterson was appointed as the first Attorney General of New Jersey , serving from 1776 to 1783 , maintaining law and order and establishing himself as one of the states most prominent lawyers . He was sent to the 1787 Philadelphia Convention in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania where he proposed the New Jersey Plan for a unicameral legislative body with equal representation from each state . After the Great Compromise ( for two legislative bodies : a Senate with equal representation for each state , and a House of Representatives with representation based on population ) , the Constitution was signed . United States Senator . Paterson , who was a strong nationalist who supported the Federalist party , went on to become one of New Jerseys first U.S . senators ( 1789–90 ) . As a member of the Senate Judiciary Committee , he played an important role in drafting the Judiciary Act of 1789 that established the federal court system . The first nine sections of this very important law are in his handwriting . Governor of New Jersey . In 1790 , he became the first person ever to resign from the U.S . Senate , when he did so in order to succeed fellow signer William Livingston as governor of New Jersey . As governor , Paterson pursued his interest in legal matters by codifying the English statutes that had been in force in New Jersey before the Revolution in Laws of the State of New Jersey . He also published a revision of the rules of the chancery and common law courts in Paterson , later adopted by the New Jersey Legislature . United States Supreme Court . President George Washington nominated Paterson for the Supreme Court of the United States on February 27 , 1793 , to the seat vacated by Thomas Johnson . Washington withdrew the nomination the following day , having realized that since the Judiciary Act of 1789 ( the law creating the Supreme Court ) had been passed during Patersons current term as a Senator , the nomination was a violation of the Ineligibility Clause ( Article I , Section 6 ) of the Constitution . Washington re-nominated Paterson to the Court on March 4 , 1793 , after his term as Senator had expired ; Paterson was immediately confirmed by the Senate and received his commission . He resigned the governorship to become an associate justice of the U.S . Supreme Court ( 1793–1806 ) . On circuit he presided over the trials of individuals indicted for treason in the Whiskey Rebellion , a revolt by farmers in western Pennsylvania over the federal excise tax on whiskey , the principal product of their cash crop . Militia sent out by President Washington successfully quelled the uprising , and for the first time the courts had to interpret the provisions of the Constitution with regard to the use of troops in civil disturbances . Here , and in fact throughout his long career , Paterson extolled the primacy of law over governments , a principle embodied in the Constitution he helped write . He declined an appointment as Secretary of State in 1795 . Paterson was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1789 . He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1801 . Paterson served on the Supreme Court until his death in 1806 . Personal life . In 1779 , Paterson married to Cornelia Bell ( 1755–1783 ) , daughter of John Bell , a wealthy Somerset County Landowner . Together , they had three children , but she died in 1783 shortly after giving birth to their only son : - Cornelia Bell Paterson ( 1780–1844 ) , who married Stephen Van Rensselaer ( 1764–1839 ) after the death of his first wife , Margaret Peggy Schuyler ( 1758–1801 ) - Frances Van Paterson ( 1781–1783 ) , who died young - William Bell Paterson ( 1783–1832 ) , who married Jane Eliza Neilson In 1785 , he married Euphemia White ( 1746–1832 ) , sister of Anthony Walton White ( 1750–1803 ) , daughter of Anthony White ( 1717–1787 ) , a New Jersey landholder and judge of the Somerset court , and the granddaughter of Lewis Morris ( 1671–1746 ) , Chief Justice of New York from 1715 to 1733 and Governor of New Jersey from 1738 to 1746 . Death and interment . On September 9 , 1806 , Paterson , aged 60 , died from the lingering effects of a coach accident suffered in 1803 while on circuit court duty in New Jersey . He was on his way to the spa at Ballston Springs , New York , to take the waters , when he died at the Van Rensselaer Manor home of his daughter , Cornelia , and son-in-law , Stephen Van Rensselaer , in Albany , New York . He was laid to rest in the Van Renssalaer family vault . When the city acquired the property , Patersons remains were relocated to Albany Rural Cemetery Menands in Albany County , New York . Also buried there are Associate Justice Rufus W . Peckham and President Chester A . Arthur . Descendants . Through his eldest daughter , his grandchildren included Cortlandt Van Rensselaer ( 1808–1860 ) , a noted Presbyterian clergyman , and Henry Bell Van Rensselaer ( 1810–1864 ) , a politician and general in the Union Army during the American Civil War , who married Elizabeth Ray King , a granddaughter of U.S . Senator Rufus King . Through his son , his grandchildren included twin brothers , William Paterson ( 1817–1899 ) , who married Salvadora Meade , a Spanish-born woman living in Philadelphia , and Stephen Van Rensselaer Paterson ( 1817–1872 ) , who married Emily Sophia King ( 1823–1853 ) , daughter of Charles King ( 1789–1867 ) , the president of Columbia University , and the second son Rufus King . Both grandsons were members of the Princeton University class of 1835 and William was admitted to the bar in 1838 . He later served as a member of the New Jersey Assembly from 1842 to 1843 , Secretary of the New Jersey Constitutional Convention of 1844 , a lay judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals , and mayor of Perth Amboy for ten years in between 1846 and 1878 . Honors . Both the city of Paterson , New Jersey , and the college , William Paterson University , are named after him . |
[
"United States Senate"
] | easy | William Paterson (judge) took which position from Mar 1789 to Oct 1790? | /wiki/William_Paterson_(judge)#P39#1 | William Paterson ( judge ) William Paterson ( December 24 , 1745 – September 9 , 1806 ) was a New Jersey statesman and a signer of the United States Constitution . He was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court and the second governor of New Jersey . Born in County Antrim , Ireland , Paterson moved to the North American British colonies at a young age . After graduating from the College of New Jersey ( now Princeton University ) and studying law under Richard Stockton , he was admitted to the bar in 1768 . He helped write the 1776 Constitution of New Jersey and served as the New Jersey Attorney General from 1776 to 1783 . He represented New Jersey at the 1787 Philadelphia Convention , where he proposed the New Jersey Plan , which would have provided for equal representation among the states in Congress . After the ratification of the Constitution , Paterson served in the United States Senate from 1789 to 1790 , helping to draft the Judiciary Act of 1789 . He resigned from the Senate to take office as Governor of New Jersey . In 1793 , he accepted appointment by President George Washington to serve as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court . He served on the court until his death in 1806 . Early life . William Paterson was born December 24 , 1745 , in County Antrim , Ireland , to Richard Paterson , an Ulster Protestant . Paterson immigrated with his parents to New Castle , Pennsylvania , in 1747 . At 14 , he began college at Princeton . After graduating , he studied law with the prominent lawyer Richard Stockton and was admitted to the bar in 1768 . He also stayed connected to his alma mater and helped found the Cliosophic Society with Aaron Burr . Career . Early career . Paterson was selected as the Somerset County delegate for the first three provincial congresses of New Jersey , where , as secretary , he recorded the 1776 New Jersey State Constitution . After Independence , Paterson was appointed as the first Attorney General of New Jersey , serving from 1776 to 1783 , maintaining law and order and establishing himself as one of the states most prominent lawyers . He was sent to the 1787 Philadelphia Convention in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania where he proposed the New Jersey Plan for a unicameral legislative body with equal representation from each state . After the Great Compromise ( for two legislative bodies : a Senate with equal representation for each state , and a House of Representatives with representation based on population ) , the Constitution was signed . United States Senator . Paterson , who was a strong nationalist who supported the Federalist party , went on to become one of New Jerseys first U.S . senators ( 1789–90 ) . As a member of the Senate Judiciary Committee , he played an important role in drafting the Judiciary Act of 1789 that established the federal court system . The first nine sections of this very important law are in his handwriting . Governor of New Jersey . In 1790 , he became the first person ever to resign from the U.S . Senate , when he did so in order to succeed fellow signer William Livingston as governor of New Jersey . As governor , Paterson pursued his interest in legal matters by codifying the English statutes that had been in force in New Jersey before the Revolution in Laws of the State of New Jersey . He also published a revision of the rules of the chancery and common law courts in Paterson , later adopted by the New Jersey Legislature . United States Supreme Court . President George Washington nominated Paterson for the Supreme Court of the United States on February 27 , 1793 , to the seat vacated by Thomas Johnson . Washington withdrew the nomination the following day , having realized that since the Judiciary Act of 1789 ( the law creating the Supreme Court ) had been passed during Patersons current term as a Senator , the nomination was a violation of the Ineligibility Clause ( Article I , Section 6 ) of the Constitution . Washington re-nominated Paterson to the Court on March 4 , 1793 , after his term as Senator had expired ; Paterson was immediately confirmed by the Senate and received his commission . He resigned the governorship to become an associate justice of the U.S . Supreme Court ( 1793–1806 ) . On circuit he presided over the trials of individuals indicted for treason in the Whiskey Rebellion , a revolt by farmers in western Pennsylvania over the federal excise tax on whiskey , the principal product of their cash crop . Militia sent out by President Washington successfully quelled the uprising , and for the first time the courts had to interpret the provisions of the Constitution with regard to the use of troops in civil disturbances . Here , and in fact throughout his long career , Paterson extolled the primacy of law over governments , a principle embodied in the Constitution he helped write . He declined an appointment as Secretary of State in 1795 . Paterson was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1789 . He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1801 . Paterson served on the Supreme Court until his death in 1806 . Personal life . In 1779 , Paterson married to Cornelia Bell ( 1755–1783 ) , daughter of John Bell , a wealthy Somerset County Landowner . Together , they had three children , but she died in 1783 shortly after giving birth to their only son : - Cornelia Bell Paterson ( 1780–1844 ) , who married Stephen Van Rensselaer ( 1764–1839 ) after the death of his first wife , Margaret Peggy Schuyler ( 1758–1801 ) - Frances Van Paterson ( 1781–1783 ) , who died young - William Bell Paterson ( 1783–1832 ) , who married Jane Eliza Neilson In 1785 , he married Euphemia White ( 1746–1832 ) , sister of Anthony Walton White ( 1750–1803 ) , daughter of Anthony White ( 1717–1787 ) , a New Jersey landholder and judge of the Somerset court , and the granddaughter of Lewis Morris ( 1671–1746 ) , Chief Justice of New York from 1715 to 1733 and Governor of New Jersey from 1738 to 1746 . Death and interment . On September 9 , 1806 , Paterson , aged 60 , died from the lingering effects of a coach accident suffered in 1803 while on circuit court duty in New Jersey . He was on his way to the spa at Ballston Springs , New York , to take the waters , when he died at the Van Rensselaer Manor home of his daughter , Cornelia , and son-in-law , Stephen Van Rensselaer , in Albany , New York . He was laid to rest in the Van Renssalaer family vault . When the city acquired the property , Patersons remains were relocated to Albany Rural Cemetery Menands in Albany County , New York . Also buried there are Associate Justice Rufus W . Peckham and President Chester A . Arthur . Descendants . Through his eldest daughter , his grandchildren included Cortlandt Van Rensselaer ( 1808–1860 ) , a noted Presbyterian clergyman , and Henry Bell Van Rensselaer ( 1810–1864 ) , a politician and general in the Union Army during the American Civil War , who married Elizabeth Ray King , a granddaughter of U.S . Senator Rufus King . Through his son , his grandchildren included twin brothers , William Paterson ( 1817–1899 ) , who married Salvadora Meade , a Spanish-born woman living in Philadelphia , and Stephen Van Rensselaer Paterson ( 1817–1872 ) , who married Emily Sophia King ( 1823–1853 ) , daughter of Charles King ( 1789–1867 ) , the president of Columbia University , and the second son Rufus King . Both grandsons were members of the Princeton University class of 1835 and William was admitted to the bar in 1838 . He later served as a member of the New Jersey Assembly from 1842 to 1843 , Secretary of the New Jersey Constitutional Convention of 1844 , a lay judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals , and mayor of Perth Amboy for ten years in between 1846 and 1878 . Honors . Both the city of Paterson , New Jersey , and the college , William Paterson University , are named after him . |
[
"Governor of New Jersey"
] | easy | William Paterson (judge) took which position from Oct 1790 to Mar 1793? | /wiki/William_Paterson_(judge)#P39#2 | William Paterson ( judge ) William Paterson ( December 24 , 1745 – September 9 , 1806 ) was a New Jersey statesman and a signer of the United States Constitution . He was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court and the second governor of New Jersey . Born in County Antrim , Ireland , Paterson moved to the North American British colonies at a young age . After graduating from the College of New Jersey ( now Princeton University ) and studying law under Richard Stockton , he was admitted to the bar in 1768 . He helped write the 1776 Constitution of New Jersey and served as the New Jersey Attorney General from 1776 to 1783 . He represented New Jersey at the 1787 Philadelphia Convention , where he proposed the New Jersey Plan , which would have provided for equal representation among the states in Congress . After the ratification of the Constitution , Paterson served in the United States Senate from 1789 to 1790 , helping to draft the Judiciary Act of 1789 . He resigned from the Senate to take office as Governor of New Jersey . In 1793 , he accepted appointment by President George Washington to serve as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court . He served on the court until his death in 1806 . Early life . William Paterson was born December 24 , 1745 , in County Antrim , Ireland , to Richard Paterson , an Ulster Protestant . Paterson immigrated with his parents to New Castle , Pennsylvania , in 1747 . At 14 , he began college at Princeton . After graduating , he studied law with the prominent lawyer Richard Stockton and was admitted to the bar in 1768 . He also stayed connected to his alma mater and helped found the Cliosophic Society with Aaron Burr . Career . Early career . Paterson was selected as the Somerset County delegate for the first three provincial congresses of New Jersey , where , as secretary , he recorded the 1776 New Jersey State Constitution . After Independence , Paterson was appointed as the first Attorney General of New Jersey , serving from 1776 to 1783 , maintaining law and order and establishing himself as one of the states most prominent lawyers . He was sent to the 1787 Philadelphia Convention in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania where he proposed the New Jersey Plan for a unicameral legislative body with equal representation from each state . After the Great Compromise ( for two legislative bodies : a Senate with equal representation for each state , and a House of Representatives with representation based on population ) , the Constitution was signed . United States Senator . Paterson , who was a strong nationalist who supported the Federalist party , went on to become one of New Jerseys first U.S . senators ( 1789–90 ) . As a member of the Senate Judiciary Committee , he played an important role in drafting the Judiciary Act of 1789 that established the federal court system . The first nine sections of this very important law are in his handwriting . Governor of New Jersey . In 1790 , he became the first person ever to resign from the U.S . Senate , when he did so in order to succeed fellow signer William Livingston as governor of New Jersey . As governor , Paterson pursued his interest in legal matters by codifying the English statutes that had been in force in New Jersey before the Revolution in Laws of the State of New Jersey . He also published a revision of the rules of the chancery and common law courts in Paterson , later adopted by the New Jersey Legislature . United States Supreme Court . President George Washington nominated Paterson for the Supreme Court of the United States on February 27 , 1793 , to the seat vacated by Thomas Johnson . Washington withdrew the nomination the following day , having realized that since the Judiciary Act of 1789 ( the law creating the Supreme Court ) had been passed during Patersons current term as a Senator , the nomination was a violation of the Ineligibility Clause ( Article I , Section 6 ) of the Constitution . Washington re-nominated Paterson to the Court on March 4 , 1793 , after his term as Senator had expired ; Paterson was immediately confirmed by the Senate and received his commission . He resigned the governorship to become an associate justice of the U.S . Supreme Court ( 1793–1806 ) . On circuit he presided over the trials of individuals indicted for treason in the Whiskey Rebellion , a revolt by farmers in western Pennsylvania over the federal excise tax on whiskey , the principal product of their cash crop . Militia sent out by President Washington successfully quelled the uprising , and for the first time the courts had to interpret the provisions of the Constitution with regard to the use of troops in civil disturbances . Here , and in fact throughout his long career , Paterson extolled the primacy of law over governments , a principle embodied in the Constitution he helped write . He declined an appointment as Secretary of State in 1795 . Paterson was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1789 . He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1801 . Paterson served on the Supreme Court until his death in 1806 . Personal life . In 1779 , Paterson married to Cornelia Bell ( 1755–1783 ) , daughter of John Bell , a wealthy Somerset County Landowner . Together , they had three children , but she died in 1783 shortly after giving birth to their only son : - Cornelia Bell Paterson ( 1780–1844 ) , who married Stephen Van Rensselaer ( 1764–1839 ) after the death of his first wife , Margaret Peggy Schuyler ( 1758–1801 ) - Frances Van Paterson ( 1781–1783 ) , who died young - William Bell Paterson ( 1783–1832 ) , who married Jane Eliza Neilson In 1785 , he married Euphemia White ( 1746–1832 ) , sister of Anthony Walton White ( 1750–1803 ) , daughter of Anthony White ( 1717–1787 ) , a New Jersey landholder and judge of the Somerset court , and the granddaughter of Lewis Morris ( 1671–1746 ) , Chief Justice of New York from 1715 to 1733 and Governor of New Jersey from 1738 to 1746 . Death and interment . On September 9 , 1806 , Paterson , aged 60 , died from the lingering effects of a coach accident suffered in 1803 while on circuit court duty in New Jersey . He was on his way to the spa at Ballston Springs , New York , to take the waters , when he died at the Van Rensselaer Manor home of his daughter , Cornelia , and son-in-law , Stephen Van Rensselaer , in Albany , New York . He was laid to rest in the Van Renssalaer family vault . When the city acquired the property , Patersons remains were relocated to Albany Rural Cemetery Menands in Albany County , New York . Also buried there are Associate Justice Rufus W . Peckham and President Chester A . Arthur . Descendants . Through his eldest daughter , his grandchildren included Cortlandt Van Rensselaer ( 1808–1860 ) , a noted Presbyterian clergyman , and Henry Bell Van Rensselaer ( 1810–1864 ) , a politician and general in the Union Army during the American Civil War , who married Elizabeth Ray King , a granddaughter of U.S . Senator Rufus King . Through his son , his grandchildren included twin brothers , William Paterson ( 1817–1899 ) , who married Salvadora Meade , a Spanish-born woman living in Philadelphia , and Stephen Van Rensselaer Paterson ( 1817–1872 ) , who married Emily Sophia King ( 1823–1853 ) , daughter of Charles King ( 1789–1867 ) , the president of Columbia University , and the second son Rufus King . Both grandsons were members of the Princeton University class of 1835 and William was admitted to the bar in 1838 . He later served as a member of the New Jersey Assembly from 1842 to 1843 , Secretary of the New Jersey Constitutional Convention of 1844 , a lay judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals , and mayor of Perth Amboy for ten years in between 1846 and 1878 . Honors . Both the city of Paterson , New Jersey , and the college , William Paterson University , are named after him . |
[
"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court"
] | easy | What was the position of William Paterson (judge) in Mar 1793? | /wiki/William_Paterson_(judge)#P39#3 | William Paterson ( judge ) William Paterson ( December 24 , 1745 – September 9 , 1806 ) was a New Jersey statesman and a signer of the United States Constitution . He was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court and the second governor of New Jersey . Born in County Antrim , Ireland , Paterson moved to the North American British colonies at a young age . After graduating from the College of New Jersey ( now Princeton University ) and studying law under Richard Stockton , he was admitted to the bar in 1768 . He helped write the 1776 Constitution of New Jersey and served as the New Jersey Attorney General from 1776 to 1783 . He represented New Jersey at the 1787 Philadelphia Convention , where he proposed the New Jersey Plan , which would have provided for equal representation among the states in Congress . After the ratification of the Constitution , Paterson served in the United States Senate from 1789 to 1790 , helping to draft the Judiciary Act of 1789 . He resigned from the Senate to take office as Governor of New Jersey . In 1793 , he accepted appointment by President George Washington to serve as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court . He served on the court until his death in 1806 . Early life . William Paterson was born December 24 , 1745 , in County Antrim , Ireland , to Richard Paterson , an Ulster Protestant . Paterson immigrated with his parents to New Castle , Pennsylvania , in 1747 . At 14 , he began college at Princeton . After graduating , he studied law with the prominent lawyer Richard Stockton and was admitted to the bar in 1768 . He also stayed connected to his alma mater and helped found the Cliosophic Society with Aaron Burr . Career . Early career . Paterson was selected as the Somerset County delegate for the first three provincial congresses of New Jersey , where , as secretary , he recorded the 1776 New Jersey State Constitution . After Independence , Paterson was appointed as the first Attorney General of New Jersey , serving from 1776 to 1783 , maintaining law and order and establishing himself as one of the states most prominent lawyers . He was sent to the 1787 Philadelphia Convention in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania where he proposed the New Jersey Plan for a unicameral legislative body with equal representation from each state . After the Great Compromise ( for two legislative bodies : a Senate with equal representation for each state , and a House of Representatives with representation based on population ) , the Constitution was signed . United States Senator . Paterson , who was a strong nationalist who supported the Federalist party , went on to become one of New Jerseys first U.S . senators ( 1789–90 ) . As a member of the Senate Judiciary Committee , he played an important role in drafting the Judiciary Act of 1789 that established the federal court system . The first nine sections of this very important law are in his handwriting . Governor of New Jersey . In 1790 , he became the first person ever to resign from the U.S . Senate , when he did so in order to succeed fellow signer William Livingston as governor of New Jersey . As governor , Paterson pursued his interest in legal matters by codifying the English statutes that had been in force in New Jersey before the Revolution in Laws of the State of New Jersey . He also published a revision of the rules of the chancery and common law courts in Paterson , later adopted by the New Jersey Legislature . United States Supreme Court . President George Washington nominated Paterson for the Supreme Court of the United States on February 27 , 1793 , to the seat vacated by Thomas Johnson . Washington withdrew the nomination the following day , having realized that since the Judiciary Act of 1789 ( the law creating the Supreme Court ) had been passed during Patersons current term as a Senator , the nomination was a violation of the Ineligibility Clause ( Article I , Section 6 ) of the Constitution . Washington re-nominated Paterson to the Court on March 4 , 1793 , after his term as Senator had expired ; Paterson was immediately confirmed by the Senate and received his commission . He resigned the governorship to become an associate justice of the U.S . Supreme Court ( 1793–1806 ) . On circuit he presided over the trials of individuals indicted for treason in the Whiskey Rebellion , a revolt by farmers in western Pennsylvania over the federal excise tax on whiskey , the principal product of their cash crop . Militia sent out by President Washington successfully quelled the uprising , and for the first time the courts had to interpret the provisions of the Constitution with regard to the use of troops in civil disturbances . Here , and in fact throughout his long career , Paterson extolled the primacy of law over governments , a principle embodied in the Constitution he helped write . He declined an appointment as Secretary of State in 1795 . Paterson was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1789 . He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1801 . Paterson served on the Supreme Court until his death in 1806 . Personal life . In 1779 , Paterson married to Cornelia Bell ( 1755–1783 ) , daughter of John Bell , a wealthy Somerset County Landowner . Together , they had three children , but she died in 1783 shortly after giving birth to their only son : - Cornelia Bell Paterson ( 1780–1844 ) , who married Stephen Van Rensselaer ( 1764–1839 ) after the death of his first wife , Margaret Peggy Schuyler ( 1758–1801 ) - Frances Van Paterson ( 1781–1783 ) , who died young - William Bell Paterson ( 1783–1832 ) , who married Jane Eliza Neilson In 1785 , he married Euphemia White ( 1746–1832 ) , sister of Anthony Walton White ( 1750–1803 ) , daughter of Anthony White ( 1717–1787 ) , a New Jersey landholder and judge of the Somerset court , and the granddaughter of Lewis Morris ( 1671–1746 ) , Chief Justice of New York from 1715 to 1733 and Governor of New Jersey from 1738 to 1746 . Death and interment . On September 9 , 1806 , Paterson , aged 60 , died from the lingering effects of a coach accident suffered in 1803 while on circuit court duty in New Jersey . He was on his way to the spa at Ballston Springs , New York , to take the waters , when he died at the Van Rensselaer Manor home of his daughter , Cornelia , and son-in-law , Stephen Van Rensselaer , in Albany , New York . He was laid to rest in the Van Renssalaer family vault . When the city acquired the property , Patersons remains were relocated to Albany Rural Cemetery Menands in Albany County , New York . Also buried there are Associate Justice Rufus W . Peckham and President Chester A . Arthur . Descendants . Through his eldest daughter , his grandchildren included Cortlandt Van Rensselaer ( 1808–1860 ) , a noted Presbyterian clergyman , and Henry Bell Van Rensselaer ( 1810–1864 ) , a politician and general in the Union Army during the American Civil War , who married Elizabeth Ray King , a granddaughter of U.S . Senator Rufus King . Through his son , his grandchildren included twin brothers , William Paterson ( 1817–1899 ) , who married Salvadora Meade , a Spanish-born woman living in Philadelphia , and Stephen Van Rensselaer Paterson ( 1817–1872 ) , who married Emily Sophia King ( 1823–1853 ) , daughter of Charles King ( 1789–1867 ) , the president of Columbia University , and the second son Rufus King . Both grandsons were members of the Princeton University class of 1835 and William was admitted to the bar in 1838 . He later served as a member of the New Jersey Assembly from 1842 to 1843 , Secretary of the New Jersey Constitutional Convention of 1844 , a lay judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals , and mayor of Perth Amboy for ten years in between 1846 and 1878 . Honors . Both the city of Paterson , New Jersey , and the college , William Paterson University , are named after him . |
[
"aProfessor of Divinity at Gresham College in London"
] | easy | Richard Chartres took which position from 1987 to 1992? | /wiki/Richard_Chartres#P39#0 | Richard Chartres Richard John Carew Chartres , Baron Chartres , , FBS ( ; born 11 July 1947 ) is a retired bishop of the Church of England . He was area Bishop of Stepney from 1992 to 1995 and Bishop of London from 1995 to 2017 . He was sworn of the Privy Council in the same year he became Bishop of London . He was also Gresham Professor of Divinity from 1987 to 1992 . In October 2017 , Chartres was made a Life Peer , and he now sits in the House of Lords as a crossbencher ; he had previously sat in the House as one of the Lords Spiritual Life . Early life . Chartres was born in Ware , Hertfordshire to Richard Arthur Carew Chartres and Charlotte , daughter of William Day , of London ; the Chartres family were Irish gentry of Huguenot origin . He was educated at Hertford Grammar School ( now Richard Hale School ) and Trinity College , Cambridge ( MA ) , where he studied history before his theological studies at Cuddesdon and Lincoln theological colleges . He has spoken of his great-uncle , John Chartres , ...called [ the ] Mystery Man of the Treaty was a member of Sinn Féin and a Protestant civil servant . He was also undoubtedly a gun runner for Michael Collins . Priest . Chartres was ordained as a priest in 1974 . During this time , he was chaplain to Robert Runcie , then Bishop of St Albans and later Archbishop of Canterbury . He received a Lambeth Bachelor of Divinity degree and holds honorary doctorates from Brunel University , City University London , London Metropolitan University , St . Marys University College , and London Guildhall University . Gresham professor . From 1987 to 1992 , he was aProfessor of Divinity at Gresham College in London . Based on a three-part lecture series , given in May 1992 , he published A Brief History of Gresham College 1597–1997 . During the first lecture of the original lecture series he referred to the college as a magical island like Atlantis disappearing and re-emerging from the sea . This was a reference both to the Invisible College and Francis Bacons New Atlantis . Other Gresham lectures by Chartres covered the Shroud of Turin ( November 1988 ) and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem ( December 1989 ) when he spoke about the Gresham Jerusalem Project as well as on prayer ( 1991 ) . Bishop . On 15 May 1992 , Chartres was nominated area Bishop of Stepney . He was consecrated as bishop on 22 May 1992 at St Pauls Cathedral , by George Carey , Archbishop of Canterbury . In November 1995 , Chartres was confirmed as the Bishop of London . He also became Prelate of the Order of the British Empire and Dean of the Chapel Royal . He is a Privy Counsellor . In 1997 he was appointed a chaplain of the Most Venerable Order of Saint John ( ChStJ ) . He is an Honorary Bencher of the Middle Temple , a Liveryman of the Merchant Taylors Company and of the Worshipful Company of Vintners , an Honorary Freeman of the Weavers and the Woolmen Companies . In 1997 , Chartres was one of the executors of the will of Diana , Princess of Wales , and delivered an address at her memorial service in 2007 . He confirmed Prince William . On 12 September 2009 he presided at the marriage of Lord Frederick Windsor to actress Sophie Winkleman at the Chapel Royal in Hampton Court Palace . Chartres is the founder and chairman of the trustees of the St Ethelburgas Centre for Reconciliation and Peace . He is also a trustee of Coexist , sitting on the advisory council of the Tony Blair Faith Foundation . In October 2005 , he joined Marianne Suhr at St Giles in the Fields , London , to launch a new maintenance project for the capitals historic churches . In January 2006 , Chartres was criticised by the media for his decision to spend Easter on a cruise ship giving lectures on theology rather than attend the services at St Pauls Cathedral . At the time , Chartres was on a two-month sabbatical , his first in 33 years . He preached the sermon at the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton on 29 April 2011 . In 2013 , Chartres led the state funeral service of Baroness Thatcher , with whom he had a close friendship . Chartres is responsible for the Church of Englands relations with the Orthodox churches , representing the Church of England at the funeral of Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow of the Russian Orthodox Church and the enthronement of his successor , Kirill I , in Moscow . On 19 July 2016 , it was announced that Chartres was to retire as Bishop of London effective from Shrove Tuesday , 28 February 2017 , but remain as Dean of the Chapel Royal until the next Bishop of London was in post . He retired as Dean following his 72nd birthday in July 2019 . Green issues . Since its launch in 2006 , Chartres has led the Church of Englands shrinking the footprint campaign , aimed at cutting 80% of the churchs carbon emissions by 2050 . In the launch and subsequently , Chartres criticised pollution of the planet by people going on holidays by plane . Michael OLeary , boss of the low-cost airline Ryanair , responded that the Bishop of London has got empty churches – presumably if no one went on holidays perhaps they might turn up and listen to his sermons . God bless the Bishop ! Also , after criticism that his taking flights for diocese work as well as retaining a chauffeur-driven car were against the ideals of this campaign , he pledged not to fly for a year . In October 2008 , the Independent on Sunday named Chartres as number 75 of the top 100 environmentalists in Britain on their Green List . Patronage . Chartres is an ambassador for wildlife charity WWF and a patron of various other organisations , including : - The Burgon Society for the study of academical dress ( also a Fellow ) - The Georgian Group - Paintings in Hospitals , a charity that provides art for health and social care in England , Wales and Northern Ireland - The Prayer Book Society of England ( ecclesiastical patron ) - Prospex , a charity which works with young people in North London - St Pauls Theological Centre - The Tower Hamlets Friends & Neighbours , a charity which works with older people in East London - The Westminster Theological Centre - The Choral Foundation , Hampton Court Palace - The Nigerian Chaplaincy - a registered UK charity Personal life . In 1982 , Chartres married Caroline ( daughter of Sir Alan McLintock ) , then a freelance writer and now the commissioning editor of a publishing house , with whom he has four children ; Alexander , Sophie , Louis and Clio . He is also a member of the Garrick Club in London . Honours and awards . Chartres was appointed Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order ( KCVO ) in the 2009 Queens Birthday Honours . He was raised to the rank of Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order ( GCVO ) on his retirement as Dean of the Chapel Royal on 11 July 2019 . As is customary for Church of England clergymen , however , he did not use the style Sir Richard before his elevation to the peerage . On 12 October 2017 , it was announced that Chartres would be appointed a Life Peer , retaking a seat in the House of Lords where he previously served as one of the Lords Spiritual during his time as Bishop of London . Chartres was created a Life Peer on 7 November 2017 taking the title Baron Chartres , of Wilton in the County of Wiltshire . He joined the House of Lords on that day , and sits in the House as a crossbencher . Honours . - Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order ( GCVO ) - Chaplain of the Order of St John ( ChStJ ) Honorary degrees . - Honorary DD degree from Queen Mary and Westfield College , University of London - Honorary DD degree from City University London : 19 May 1999 - Honorary DD degree from Brunel University : 1999 - Honorary DD degree from St Marys University College ( University of Surrey ) - Honorary D.Litt degree from London Guildhall University - Honorary Doctorate Kings College London : 3 November 2010 . Fellowships . - Fellow of Trinity College , Cambridge : 2017 . - Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London : 10 June 1999 . - Visiting Fellow of Nuffield College , Oxford . - Honorary Fellow of Kings College , Cambridge . - Honorary Fellow of St . Johns College , Cambridge . Styles . - The Reverend Richard Chartres ( 1973–1986 ) - The Reverend Professor Richard Chartres ( 1986–1992 ) - The Right Reverend Richard Chartres ( 1992–1995 ) - The Right Reverend and Right Honourable Richard Chartres ( 1995–2010 ) - The Right Reverend and Right Honourable Richard Chartres , The Lord Bishop of London ( 2010–2017 ) - The Right Reverend and Right Honourable The Lord Chartres ( 7 November 20172019 ) - The Right Reverend and Right Honourable The Lord Chartres ( 2019present ) External links . - Biography on the Diocese of Londons website - Interview at the World Economic Forum 2011 about faith and climate change - Information on the Debretts People of Today website - Information on the British Parliament website |
[
"Bishop of Stepney"
] | easy | What was the position of Richard Chartres from May 1992 to 1995? | /wiki/Richard_Chartres#P39#1 | Richard Chartres Richard John Carew Chartres , Baron Chartres , , FBS ( ; born 11 July 1947 ) is a retired bishop of the Church of England . He was area Bishop of Stepney from 1992 to 1995 and Bishop of London from 1995 to 2017 . He was sworn of the Privy Council in the same year he became Bishop of London . He was also Gresham Professor of Divinity from 1987 to 1992 . In October 2017 , Chartres was made a Life Peer , and he now sits in the House of Lords as a crossbencher ; he had previously sat in the House as one of the Lords Spiritual Life . Early life . Chartres was born in Ware , Hertfordshire to Richard Arthur Carew Chartres and Charlotte , daughter of William Day , of London ; the Chartres family were Irish gentry of Huguenot origin . He was educated at Hertford Grammar School ( now Richard Hale School ) and Trinity College , Cambridge ( MA ) , where he studied history before his theological studies at Cuddesdon and Lincoln theological colleges . He has spoken of his great-uncle , John Chartres , ...called [ the ] Mystery Man of the Treaty was a member of Sinn Féin and a Protestant civil servant . He was also undoubtedly a gun runner for Michael Collins . Priest . Chartres was ordained as a priest in 1974 . During this time , he was chaplain to Robert Runcie , then Bishop of St Albans and later Archbishop of Canterbury . He received a Lambeth Bachelor of Divinity degree and holds honorary doctorates from Brunel University , City University London , London Metropolitan University , St . Marys University College , and London Guildhall University . Gresham professor . From 1987 to 1992 , he was aProfessor of Divinity at Gresham College in London . Based on a three-part lecture series , given in May 1992 , he published A Brief History of Gresham College 1597–1997 . During the first lecture of the original lecture series he referred to the college as a magical island like Atlantis disappearing and re-emerging from the sea . This was a reference both to the Invisible College and Francis Bacons New Atlantis . Other Gresham lectures by Chartres covered the Shroud of Turin ( November 1988 ) and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem ( December 1989 ) when he spoke about the Gresham Jerusalem Project as well as on prayer ( 1991 ) . Bishop . On 15 May 1992 , Chartres was nominated area Bishop of Stepney . He was consecrated as bishop on 22 May 1992 at St Pauls Cathedral , by George Carey , Archbishop of Canterbury . In November 1995 , Chartres was confirmed as the Bishop of London . He also became Prelate of the Order of the British Empire and Dean of the Chapel Royal . He is a Privy Counsellor . In 1997 he was appointed a chaplain of the Most Venerable Order of Saint John ( ChStJ ) . He is an Honorary Bencher of the Middle Temple , a Liveryman of the Merchant Taylors Company and of the Worshipful Company of Vintners , an Honorary Freeman of the Weavers and the Woolmen Companies . In 1997 , Chartres was one of the executors of the will of Diana , Princess of Wales , and delivered an address at her memorial service in 2007 . He confirmed Prince William . On 12 September 2009 he presided at the marriage of Lord Frederick Windsor to actress Sophie Winkleman at the Chapel Royal in Hampton Court Palace . Chartres is the founder and chairman of the trustees of the St Ethelburgas Centre for Reconciliation and Peace . He is also a trustee of Coexist , sitting on the advisory council of the Tony Blair Faith Foundation . In October 2005 , he joined Marianne Suhr at St Giles in the Fields , London , to launch a new maintenance project for the capitals historic churches . In January 2006 , Chartres was criticised by the media for his decision to spend Easter on a cruise ship giving lectures on theology rather than attend the services at St Pauls Cathedral . At the time , Chartres was on a two-month sabbatical , his first in 33 years . He preached the sermon at the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton on 29 April 2011 . In 2013 , Chartres led the state funeral service of Baroness Thatcher , with whom he had a close friendship . Chartres is responsible for the Church of Englands relations with the Orthodox churches , representing the Church of England at the funeral of Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow of the Russian Orthodox Church and the enthronement of his successor , Kirill I , in Moscow . On 19 July 2016 , it was announced that Chartres was to retire as Bishop of London effective from Shrove Tuesday , 28 February 2017 , but remain as Dean of the Chapel Royal until the next Bishop of London was in post . He retired as Dean following his 72nd birthday in July 2019 . Green issues . Since its launch in 2006 , Chartres has led the Church of Englands shrinking the footprint campaign , aimed at cutting 80% of the churchs carbon emissions by 2050 . In the launch and subsequently , Chartres criticised pollution of the planet by people going on holidays by plane . Michael OLeary , boss of the low-cost airline Ryanair , responded that the Bishop of London has got empty churches – presumably if no one went on holidays perhaps they might turn up and listen to his sermons . God bless the Bishop ! Also , after criticism that his taking flights for diocese work as well as retaining a chauffeur-driven car were against the ideals of this campaign , he pledged not to fly for a year . In October 2008 , the Independent on Sunday named Chartres as number 75 of the top 100 environmentalists in Britain on their Green List . Patronage . Chartres is an ambassador for wildlife charity WWF and a patron of various other organisations , including : - The Burgon Society for the study of academical dress ( also a Fellow ) - The Georgian Group - Paintings in Hospitals , a charity that provides art for health and social care in England , Wales and Northern Ireland - The Prayer Book Society of England ( ecclesiastical patron ) - Prospex , a charity which works with young people in North London - St Pauls Theological Centre - The Tower Hamlets Friends & Neighbours , a charity which works with older people in East London - The Westminster Theological Centre - The Choral Foundation , Hampton Court Palace - The Nigerian Chaplaincy - a registered UK charity Personal life . In 1982 , Chartres married Caroline ( daughter of Sir Alan McLintock ) , then a freelance writer and now the commissioning editor of a publishing house , with whom he has four children ; Alexander , Sophie , Louis and Clio . He is also a member of the Garrick Club in London . Honours and awards . Chartres was appointed Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order ( KCVO ) in the 2009 Queens Birthday Honours . He was raised to the rank of Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order ( GCVO ) on his retirement as Dean of the Chapel Royal on 11 July 2019 . As is customary for Church of England clergymen , however , he did not use the style Sir Richard before his elevation to the peerage . On 12 October 2017 , it was announced that Chartres would be appointed a Life Peer , retaking a seat in the House of Lords where he previously served as one of the Lords Spiritual during his time as Bishop of London . Chartres was created a Life Peer on 7 November 2017 taking the title Baron Chartres , of Wilton in the County of Wiltshire . He joined the House of Lords on that day , and sits in the House as a crossbencher . Honours . - Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order ( GCVO ) - Chaplain of the Order of St John ( ChStJ ) Honorary degrees . - Honorary DD degree from Queen Mary and Westfield College , University of London - Honorary DD degree from City University London : 19 May 1999 - Honorary DD degree from Brunel University : 1999 - Honorary DD degree from St Marys University College ( University of Surrey ) - Honorary D.Litt degree from London Guildhall University - Honorary Doctorate Kings College London : 3 November 2010 . Fellowships . - Fellow of Trinity College , Cambridge : 2017 . - Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London : 10 June 1999 . - Visiting Fellow of Nuffield College , Oxford . - Honorary Fellow of Kings College , Cambridge . - Honorary Fellow of St . Johns College , Cambridge . Styles . - The Reverend Richard Chartres ( 1973–1986 ) - The Reverend Professor Richard Chartres ( 1986–1992 ) - The Right Reverend Richard Chartres ( 1992–1995 ) - The Right Reverend and Right Honourable Richard Chartres ( 1995–2010 ) - The Right Reverend and Right Honourable Richard Chartres , The Lord Bishop of London ( 2010–2017 ) - The Right Reverend and Right Honourable The Lord Chartres ( 7 November 20172019 ) - The Right Reverend and Right Honourable The Lord Chartres ( 2019present ) External links . - Biography on the Diocese of Londons website - Interview at the World Economic Forum 2011 about faith and climate change - Information on the Debretts People of Today website - Information on the British Parliament website |
[
"Bishop of London"
] | easy | What position did Richard Chartres take from 1995 to 1996? | /wiki/Richard_Chartres#P39#2 | Richard Chartres Richard John Carew Chartres , Baron Chartres , , FBS ( ; born 11 July 1947 ) is a retired bishop of the Church of England . He was area Bishop of Stepney from 1992 to 1995 and Bishop of London from 1995 to 2017 . He was sworn of the Privy Council in the same year he became Bishop of London . He was also Gresham Professor of Divinity from 1987 to 1992 . In October 2017 , Chartres was made a Life Peer , and he now sits in the House of Lords as a crossbencher ; he had previously sat in the House as one of the Lords Spiritual Life . Early life . Chartres was born in Ware , Hertfordshire to Richard Arthur Carew Chartres and Charlotte , daughter of William Day , of London ; the Chartres family were Irish gentry of Huguenot origin . He was educated at Hertford Grammar School ( now Richard Hale School ) and Trinity College , Cambridge ( MA ) , where he studied history before his theological studies at Cuddesdon and Lincoln theological colleges . He has spoken of his great-uncle , John Chartres , ...called [ the ] Mystery Man of the Treaty was a member of Sinn Féin and a Protestant civil servant . He was also undoubtedly a gun runner for Michael Collins . Priest . Chartres was ordained as a priest in 1974 . During this time , he was chaplain to Robert Runcie , then Bishop of St Albans and later Archbishop of Canterbury . He received a Lambeth Bachelor of Divinity degree and holds honorary doctorates from Brunel University , City University London , London Metropolitan University , St . Marys University College , and London Guildhall University . Gresham professor . From 1987 to 1992 , he was aProfessor of Divinity at Gresham College in London . Based on a three-part lecture series , given in May 1992 , he published A Brief History of Gresham College 1597–1997 . During the first lecture of the original lecture series he referred to the college as a magical island like Atlantis disappearing and re-emerging from the sea . This was a reference both to the Invisible College and Francis Bacons New Atlantis . Other Gresham lectures by Chartres covered the Shroud of Turin ( November 1988 ) and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem ( December 1989 ) when he spoke about the Gresham Jerusalem Project as well as on prayer ( 1991 ) . Bishop . On 15 May 1992 , Chartres was nominated area Bishop of Stepney . He was consecrated as bishop on 22 May 1992 at St Pauls Cathedral , by George Carey , Archbishop of Canterbury . In November 1995 , Chartres was confirmed as the Bishop of London . He also became Prelate of the Order of the British Empire and Dean of the Chapel Royal . He is a Privy Counsellor . In 1997 he was appointed a chaplain of the Most Venerable Order of Saint John ( ChStJ ) . He is an Honorary Bencher of the Middle Temple , a Liveryman of the Merchant Taylors Company and of the Worshipful Company of Vintners , an Honorary Freeman of the Weavers and the Woolmen Companies . In 1997 , Chartres was one of the executors of the will of Diana , Princess of Wales , and delivered an address at her memorial service in 2007 . He confirmed Prince William . On 12 September 2009 he presided at the marriage of Lord Frederick Windsor to actress Sophie Winkleman at the Chapel Royal in Hampton Court Palace . Chartres is the founder and chairman of the trustees of the St Ethelburgas Centre for Reconciliation and Peace . He is also a trustee of Coexist , sitting on the advisory council of the Tony Blair Faith Foundation . In October 2005 , he joined Marianne Suhr at St Giles in the Fields , London , to launch a new maintenance project for the capitals historic churches . In January 2006 , Chartres was criticised by the media for his decision to spend Easter on a cruise ship giving lectures on theology rather than attend the services at St Pauls Cathedral . At the time , Chartres was on a two-month sabbatical , his first in 33 years . He preached the sermon at the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton on 29 April 2011 . In 2013 , Chartres led the state funeral service of Baroness Thatcher , with whom he had a close friendship . Chartres is responsible for the Church of Englands relations with the Orthodox churches , representing the Church of England at the funeral of Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow of the Russian Orthodox Church and the enthronement of his successor , Kirill I , in Moscow . On 19 July 2016 , it was announced that Chartres was to retire as Bishop of London effective from Shrove Tuesday , 28 February 2017 , but remain as Dean of the Chapel Royal until the next Bishop of London was in post . He retired as Dean following his 72nd birthday in July 2019 . Green issues . Since its launch in 2006 , Chartres has led the Church of Englands shrinking the footprint campaign , aimed at cutting 80% of the churchs carbon emissions by 2050 . In the launch and subsequently , Chartres criticised pollution of the planet by people going on holidays by plane . Michael OLeary , boss of the low-cost airline Ryanair , responded that the Bishop of London has got empty churches – presumably if no one went on holidays perhaps they might turn up and listen to his sermons . God bless the Bishop ! Also , after criticism that his taking flights for diocese work as well as retaining a chauffeur-driven car were against the ideals of this campaign , he pledged not to fly for a year . In October 2008 , the Independent on Sunday named Chartres as number 75 of the top 100 environmentalists in Britain on their Green List . Patronage . Chartres is an ambassador for wildlife charity WWF and a patron of various other organisations , including : - The Burgon Society for the study of academical dress ( also a Fellow ) - The Georgian Group - Paintings in Hospitals , a charity that provides art for health and social care in England , Wales and Northern Ireland - The Prayer Book Society of England ( ecclesiastical patron ) - Prospex , a charity which works with young people in North London - St Pauls Theological Centre - The Tower Hamlets Friends & Neighbours , a charity which works with older people in East London - The Westminster Theological Centre - The Choral Foundation , Hampton Court Palace - The Nigerian Chaplaincy - a registered UK charity Personal life . In 1982 , Chartres married Caroline ( daughter of Sir Alan McLintock ) , then a freelance writer and now the commissioning editor of a publishing house , with whom he has four children ; Alexander , Sophie , Louis and Clio . He is also a member of the Garrick Club in London . Honours and awards . Chartres was appointed Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order ( KCVO ) in the 2009 Queens Birthday Honours . He was raised to the rank of Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order ( GCVO ) on his retirement as Dean of the Chapel Royal on 11 July 2019 . As is customary for Church of England clergymen , however , he did not use the style Sir Richard before his elevation to the peerage . On 12 October 2017 , it was announced that Chartres would be appointed a Life Peer , retaking a seat in the House of Lords where he previously served as one of the Lords Spiritual during his time as Bishop of London . Chartres was created a Life Peer on 7 November 2017 taking the title Baron Chartres , of Wilton in the County of Wiltshire . He joined the House of Lords on that day , and sits in the House as a crossbencher . Honours . - Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order ( GCVO ) - Chaplain of the Order of St John ( ChStJ ) Honorary degrees . - Honorary DD degree from Queen Mary and Westfield College , University of London - Honorary DD degree from City University London : 19 May 1999 - Honorary DD degree from Brunel University : 1999 - Honorary DD degree from St Marys University College ( University of Surrey ) - Honorary D.Litt degree from London Guildhall University - Honorary Doctorate Kings College London : 3 November 2010 . Fellowships . - Fellow of Trinity College , Cambridge : 2017 . - Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London : 10 June 1999 . - Visiting Fellow of Nuffield College , Oxford . - Honorary Fellow of Kings College , Cambridge . - Honorary Fellow of St . Johns College , Cambridge . Styles . - The Reverend Richard Chartres ( 1973–1986 ) - The Reverend Professor Richard Chartres ( 1986–1992 ) - The Right Reverend Richard Chartres ( 1992–1995 ) - The Right Reverend and Right Honourable Richard Chartres ( 1995–2010 ) - The Right Reverend and Right Honourable Richard Chartres , The Lord Bishop of London ( 2010–2017 ) - The Right Reverend and Right Honourable The Lord Chartres ( 7 November 20172019 ) - The Right Reverend and Right Honourable The Lord Chartres ( 2019present ) External links . - Biography on the Diocese of Londons website - Interview at the World Economic Forum 2011 about faith and climate change - Information on the Debretts People of Today website - Information on the British Parliament website |
[
"chaplain of the Most Venerable Order of Saint John"
] | easy | Richard Chartres took which position from 1996 to Feb 2017? | /wiki/Richard_Chartres#P39#3 | Richard Chartres Richard John Carew Chartres , Baron Chartres , , FBS ( ; born 11 July 1947 ) is a retired bishop of the Church of England . He was area Bishop of Stepney from 1992 to 1995 and Bishop of London from 1995 to 2017 . He was sworn of the Privy Council in the same year he became Bishop of London . He was also Gresham Professor of Divinity from 1987 to 1992 . In October 2017 , Chartres was made a Life Peer , and he now sits in the House of Lords as a crossbencher ; he had previously sat in the House as one of the Lords Spiritual Life . Early life . Chartres was born in Ware , Hertfordshire to Richard Arthur Carew Chartres and Charlotte , daughter of William Day , of London ; the Chartres family were Irish gentry of Huguenot origin . He was educated at Hertford Grammar School ( now Richard Hale School ) and Trinity College , Cambridge ( MA ) , where he studied history before his theological studies at Cuddesdon and Lincoln theological colleges . He has spoken of his great-uncle , John Chartres , ...called [ the ] Mystery Man of the Treaty was a member of Sinn Féin and a Protestant civil servant . He was also undoubtedly a gun runner for Michael Collins . Priest . Chartres was ordained as a priest in 1974 . During this time , he was chaplain to Robert Runcie , then Bishop of St Albans and later Archbishop of Canterbury . He received a Lambeth Bachelor of Divinity degree and holds honorary doctorates from Brunel University , City University London , London Metropolitan University , St . Marys University College , and London Guildhall University . Gresham professor . From 1987 to 1992 , he was aProfessor of Divinity at Gresham College in London . Based on a three-part lecture series , given in May 1992 , he published A Brief History of Gresham College 1597–1997 . During the first lecture of the original lecture series he referred to the college as a magical island like Atlantis disappearing and re-emerging from the sea . This was a reference both to the Invisible College and Francis Bacons New Atlantis . Other Gresham lectures by Chartres covered the Shroud of Turin ( November 1988 ) and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem ( December 1989 ) when he spoke about the Gresham Jerusalem Project as well as on prayer ( 1991 ) . Bishop . On 15 May 1992 , Chartres was nominated area Bishop of Stepney . He was consecrated as bishop on 22 May 1992 at St Pauls Cathedral , by George Carey , Archbishop of Canterbury . In November 1995 , Chartres was confirmed as the Bishop of London . He also became Prelate of the Order of the British Empire and Dean of the Chapel Royal . He is a Privy Counsellor . In 1997 he was appointed a chaplain of the Most Venerable Order of Saint John ( ChStJ ) . He is an Honorary Bencher of the Middle Temple , a Liveryman of the Merchant Taylors Company and of the Worshipful Company of Vintners , an Honorary Freeman of the Weavers and the Woolmen Companies . In 1997 , Chartres was one of the executors of the will of Diana , Princess of Wales , and delivered an address at her memorial service in 2007 . He confirmed Prince William . On 12 September 2009 he presided at the marriage of Lord Frederick Windsor to actress Sophie Winkleman at the Chapel Royal in Hampton Court Palace . Chartres is the founder and chairman of the trustees of the St Ethelburgas Centre for Reconciliation and Peace . He is also a trustee of Coexist , sitting on the advisory council of the Tony Blair Faith Foundation . In October 2005 , he joined Marianne Suhr at St Giles in the Fields , London , to launch a new maintenance project for the capitals historic churches . In January 2006 , Chartres was criticised by the media for his decision to spend Easter on a cruise ship giving lectures on theology rather than attend the services at St Pauls Cathedral . At the time , Chartres was on a two-month sabbatical , his first in 33 years . He preached the sermon at the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton on 29 April 2011 . In 2013 , Chartres led the state funeral service of Baroness Thatcher , with whom he had a close friendship . Chartres is responsible for the Church of Englands relations with the Orthodox churches , representing the Church of England at the funeral of Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow of the Russian Orthodox Church and the enthronement of his successor , Kirill I , in Moscow . On 19 July 2016 , it was announced that Chartres was to retire as Bishop of London effective from Shrove Tuesday , 28 February 2017 , but remain as Dean of the Chapel Royal until the next Bishop of London was in post . He retired as Dean following his 72nd birthday in July 2019 . Green issues . Since its launch in 2006 , Chartres has led the Church of Englands shrinking the footprint campaign , aimed at cutting 80% of the churchs carbon emissions by 2050 . In the launch and subsequently , Chartres criticised pollution of the planet by people going on holidays by plane . Michael OLeary , boss of the low-cost airline Ryanair , responded that the Bishop of London has got empty churches – presumably if no one went on holidays perhaps they might turn up and listen to his sermons . God bless the Bishop ! Also , after criticism that his taking flights for diocese work as well as retaining a chauffeur-driven car were against the ideals of this campaign , he pledged not to fly for a year . In October 2008 , the Independent on Sunday named Chartres as number 75 of the top 100 environmentalists in Britain on their Green List . Patronage . Chartres is an ambassador for wildlife charity WWF and a patron of various other organisations , including : - The Burgon Society for the study of academical dress ( also a Fellow ) - The Georgian Group - Paintings in Hospitals , a charity that provides art for health and social care in England , Wales and Northern Ireland - The Prayer Book Society of England ( ecclesiastical patron ) - Prospex , a charity which works with young people in North London - St Pauls Theological Centre - The Tower Hamlets Friends & Neighbours , a charity which works with older people in East London - The Westminster Theological Centre - The Choral Foundation , Hampton Court Palace - The Nigerian Chaplaincy - a registered UK charity Personal life . In 1982 , Chartres married Caroline ( daughter of Sir Alan McLintock ) , then a freelance writer and now the commissioning editor of a publishing house , with whom he has four children ; Alexander , Sophie , Louis and Clio . He is also a member of the Garrick Club in London . Honours and awards . Chartres was appointed Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order ( KCVO ) in the 2009 Queens Birthday Honours . He was raised to the rank of Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order ( GCVO ) on his retirement as Dean of the Chapel Royal on 11 July 2019 . As is customary for Church of England clergymen , however , he did not use the style Sir Richard before his elevation to the peerage . On 12 October 2017 , it was announced that Chartres would be appointed a Life Peer , retaking a seat in the House of Lords where he previously served as one of the Lords Spiritual during his time as Bishop of London . Chartres was created a Life Peer on 7 November 2017 taking the title Baron Chartres , of Wilton in the County of Wiltshire . He joined the House of Lords on that day , and sits in the House as a crossbencher . Honours . - Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order ( GCVO ) - Chaplain of the Order of St John ( ChStJ ) Honorary degrees . - Honorary DD degree from Queen Mary and Westfield College , University of London - Honorary DD degree from City University London : 19 May 1999 - Honorary DD degree from Brunel University : 1999 - Honorary DD degree from St Marys University College ( University of Surrey ) - Honorary D.Litt degree from London Guildhall University - Honorary Doctorate Kings College London : 3 November 2010 . Fellowships . - Fellow of Trinity College , Cambridge : 2017 . - Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London : 10 June 1999 . - Visiting Fellow of Nuffield College , Oxford . - Honorary Fellow of Kings College , Cambridge . - Honorary Fellow of St . Johns College , Cambridge . Styles . - The Reverend Richard Chartres ( 1973–1986 ) - The Reverend Professor Richard Chartres ( 1986–1992 ) - The Right Reverend Richard Chartres ( 1992–1995 ) - The Right Reverend and Right Honourable Richard Chartres ( 1995–2010 ) - The Right Reverend and Right Honourable Richard Chartres , The Lord Bishop of London ( 2010–2017 ) - The Right Reverend and Right Honourable The Lord Chartres ( 7 November 20172019 ) - The Right Reverend and Right Honourable The Lord Chartres ( 2019present ) External links . - Biography on the Diocese of Londons website - Interview at the World Economic Forum 2011 about faith and climate change - Information on the Debretts People of Today website - Information on the British Parliament website |
[
""
] | easy | Which team did Marc Wilmots play for from 1986 to 1987? | /wiki/Marc_Wilmots#P54#0 | Marc Wilmots Marc Robert Wilmots ( born 22 February 1969 ) is a Belgian professional football manager and former player who most recently managed the Iran national team . During his club career as attacking midfielder , he won trophies with KV Mechelen , Standard Liège and Schalke 04 . He also represented the Belgium national team . Wilmots has also been a politician , having sat in the Senate for four years for the Mouvement Réformateur party . Club career . In his club career , which started in 1987 , Wilmots played for Sint-Truiden , Mechelen , Standard Liège , Schalke 04 , and Bordeaux . At Schalke , he helped them to the 1997 UEFA Cup Final . His goal in the first leg was cancelled out by Internazionale in the second leg , but Schalke went on to win the game on penalties , with Wilmots scoring the decisive goal . He retired in 2003 , after his second stint with Schalke . During his time with Schalke , the fans there gave him the affectionate nickname Das Kampfschwein ( The War Pig ) , which has been picked up by some English language journalists . In Belgium he is known under the nickname the Bull of Dongelberg , an allusion to his birthplace . International career . For Belgium , Wilmots scored 28 goals in 70 caps , his first coming in May 1990 . He went to four World Cups , playing in three . After being an unused substitute in 1990 , he played 54 minutes in 1994 without scoring , but scored two goals in 1998 and three in 2002 , making him Belgiums leading goal scorer in World Cup history . He also scored a goal against Brazil in the last 16 match of the 2002 World Cup which was disallowed because of a phantom foul on Roque Júnior . According to Wilmots , the referee Peter Prendergast apologized for the error to him at half time . Wilmots was named as one of the seven reserves in the 2002 World Cup All-Star Team . Wilmots also played in Euro 2000 , when Belgium co-hosted the tournament . Managerial career . Wilmots became a football manager in summer 2004 for Sint-Truiden , but was sacked in February 2005 . Between 2009 and 2012 , he served as assistant manager of the Belgium national team under Dick Advocaat and later Georges Leekens . On 15 May 2012 , following the exit of Leekens , Wilmots assumed the Belgium reins on an interim basis before going onto become permanent coach , signing a contract until June 2014 . On 11 October 2013 , Belgium qualified for the 2014 FIFA World Cup . Wilmots is credited with not only giving the young group confidence in themselves as well as enjoying a close relationship with his players but also at the same time being capable of instilling discipline to the squad . During the group stage , Belgium topped the group with all three wins , before exiting the tournament at the quarter-final stage . On 13 October 2015 , Belgium won the group to qualify for the UEFA Euro 2016 in the last game of the stage against Israel . After a disappointing European Championship , Wilmots was fired by the Royal Belgian Football Association on 15 July 2016 . In March 2017 Wilmots was appointed as the manager of Ivory Coast national team . However he was sacked from his position six months later after failing to qualify for the World Cup . On 15 May 2019 , Wilmots agreed a three years contract to become the manager of the Iranian national team , after Portuguese coach Carlos Queiroz left the team after eight years in charge following Irans semifinal exit in the Asian Cup . He officially signed his contract on 29 May , effective from 1 June 2019 . On 4 December 2019 , he resigned from his position as Iran coach . Political career . After retiring as a footballer , Wilmots went into politics . He was elected to the Senate for the French-speaking conservative party , the Reformist Movement ( Mouvement Réformateur or MR ) in the 2003 federal election . He received 79,437 votes , a number surpassed only by 17 other candidates in the whole country during the elections . His political career is not considered very successful . In 2005 , he announced that he wanted to resign as a senator , a rather unconventional and criticized constitutional move . Honours . Player . KV Mechelen - Belgian First Division : 1988–89 - European Super Cup : 1988 - Amsterdam Tournament : 1989 - Jules Pappaert Cup : 1990 Standard Liège - Belgian Cup : 1992–93 - Intertoto Cup : 1996 ( runner-up ) Schalke 04 - UEFA Cup : 1996–97 - DFP Bokal : 2001-02 International . Belgium . - FIFA Fair Play Trophy : 2002 World Cup Individual . Player . - Young Professional Footballer of the Year : 1989-90 - : 2001 , 2002 - Belgian Sports Merit Award : 2002 - Golden Shoe Lifetime Achievement Award : 2002 - 4 FIFA World Cup participations : 1990 , 1994 , 1998 , 2002 Manager - : 2013 , 2014 - : 2015 - Globe Soccer Awards Best Coach of the Year : 2015 |
[
"Sint-Truiden"
] | easy | Marc Wilmots played for which team from 1987 to 1989? | /wiki/Marc_Wilmots#P54#1 | Marc Wilmots Marc Robert Wilmots ( born 22 February 1969 ) is a Belgian professional football manager and former player who most recently managed the Iran national team . During his club career as attacking midfielder , he won trophies with KV Mechelen , Standard Liège and Schalke 04 . He also represented the Belgium national team . Wilmots has also been a politician , having sat in the Senate for four years for the Mouvement Réformateur party . Club career . In his club career , which started in 1987 , Wilmots played for Sint-Truiden , Mechelen , Standard Liège , Schalke 04 , and Bordeaux . At Schalke , he helped them to the 1997 UEFA Cup Final . His goal in the first leg was cancelled out by Internazionale in the second leg , but Schalke went on to win the game on penalties , with Wilmots scoring the decisive goal . He retired in 2003 , after his second stint with Schalke . During his time with Schalke , the fans there gave him the affectionate nickname Das Kampfschwein ( The War Pig ) , which has been picked up by some English language journalists . In Belgium he is known under the nickname the Bull of Dongelberg , an allusion to his birthplace . International career . For Belgium , Wilmots scored 28 goals in 70 caps , his first coming in May 1990 . He went to four World Cups , playing in three . After being an unused substitute in 1990 , he played 54 minutes in 1994 without scoring , but scored two goals in 1998 and three in 2002 , making him Belgiums leading goal scorer in World Cup history . He also scored a goal against Brazil in the last 16 match of the 2002 World Cup which was disallowed because of a phantom foul on Roque Júnior . According to Wilmots , the referee Peter Prendergast apologized for the error to him at half time . Wilmots was named as one of the seven reserves in the 2002 World Cup All-Star Team . Wilmots also played in Euro 2000 , when Belgium co-hosted the tournament . Managerial career . Wilmots became a football manager in summer 2004 for Sint-Truiden , but was sacked in February 2005 . Between 2009 and 2012 , he served as assistant manager of the Belgium national team under Dick Advocaat and later Georges Leekens . On 15 May 2012 , following the exit of Leekens , Wilmots assumed the Belgium reins on an interim basis before going onto become permanent coach , signing a contract until June 2014 . On 11 October 2013 , Belgium qualified for the 2014 FIFA World Cup . Wilmots is credited with not only giving the young group confidence in themselves as well as enjoying a close relationship with his players but also at the same time being capable of instilling discipline to the squad . During the group stage , Belgium topped the group with all three wins , before exiting the tournament at the quarter-final stage . On 13 October 2015 , Belgium won the group to qualify for the UEFA Euro 2016 in the last game of the stage against Israel . After a disappointing European Championship , Wilmots was fired by the Royal Belgian Football Association on 15 July 2016 . In March 2017 Wilmots was appointed as the manager of Ivory Coast national team . However he was sacked from his position six months later after failing to qualify for the World Cup . On 15 May 2019 , Wilmots agreed a three years contract to become the manager of the Iranian national team , after Portuguese coach Carlos Queiroz left the team after eight years in charge following Irans semifinal exit in the Asian Cup . He officially signed his contract on 29 May , effective from 1 June 2019 . On 4 December 2019 , he resigned from his position as Iran coach . Political career . After retiring as a footballer , Wilmots went into politics . He was elected to the Senate for the French-speaking conservative party , the Reformist Movement ( Mouvement Réformateur or MR ) in the 2003 federal election . He received 79,437 votes , a number surpassed only by 17 other candidates in the whole country during the elections . His political career is not considered very successful . In 2005 , he announced that he wanted to resign as a senator , a rather unconventional and criticized constitutional move . Honours . Player . KV Mechelen - Belgian First Division : 1988–89 - European Super Cup : 1988 - Amsterdam Tournament : 1989 - Jules Pappaert Cup : 1990 Standard Liège - Belgian Cup : 1992–93 - Intertoto Cup : 1996 ( runner-up ) Schalke 04 - UEFA Cup : 1996–97 - DFP Bokal : 2001-02 International . Belgium . - FIFA Fair Play Trophy : 2002 World Cup Individual . Player . - Young Professional Footballer of the Year : 1989-90 - : 2001 , 2002 - Belgian Sports Merit Award : 2002 - Golden Shoe Lifetime Achievement Award : 2002 - 4 FIFA World Cup participations : 1990 , 1994 , 1998 , 2002 Manager - : 2013 , 2014 - : 2015 - Globe Soccer Awards Best Coach of the Year : 2015 |
[
"Belgium"
] | easy | Marc Wilmots played for which team from 1990 to 1996? | /wiki/Marc_Wilmots#P54#2 | Marc Wilmots Marc Robert Wilmots ( born 22 February 1969 ) is a Belgian professional football manager and former player who most recently managed the Iran national team . During his club career as attacking midfielder , he won trophies with KV Mechelen , Standard Liège and Schalke 04 . He also represented the Belgium national team . Wilmots has also been a politician , having sat in the Senate for four years for the Mouvement Réformateur party . Club career . In his club career , which started in 1987 , Wilmots played for Sint-Truiden , Mechelen , Standard Liège , Schalke 04 , and Bordeaux . At Schalke , he helped them to the 1997 UEFA Cup Final . His goal in the first leg was cancelled out by Internazionale in the second leg , but Schalke went on to win the game on penalties , with Wilmots scoring the decisive goal . He retired in 2003 , after his second stint with Schalke . During his time with Schalke , the fans there gave him the affectionate nickname Das Kampfschwein ( The War Pig ) , which has been picked up by some English language journalists . In Belgium he is known under the nickname the Bull of Dongelberg , an allusion to his birthplace . International career . For Belgium , Wilmots scored 28 goals in 70 caps , his first coming in May 1990 . He went to four World Cups , playing in three . After being an unused substitute in 1990 , he played 54 minutes in 1994 without scoring , but scored two goals in 1998 and three in 2002 , making him Belgiums leading goal scorer in World Cup history . He also scored a goal against Brazil in the last 16 match of the 2002 World Cup which was disallowed because of a phantom foul on Roque Júnior . According to Wilmots , the referee Peter Prendergast apologized for the error to him at half time . Wilmots was named as one of the seven reserves in the 2002 World Cup All-Star Team . Wilmots also played in Euro 2000 , when Belgium co-hosted the tournament . Managerial career . Wilmots became a football manager in summer 2004 for Sint-Truiden , but was sacked in February 2005 . Between 2009 and 2012 , he served as assistant manager of the Belgium national team under Dick Advocaat and later Georges Leekens . On 15 May 2012 , following the exit of Leekens , Wilmots assumed the Belgium reins on an interim basis before going onto become permanent coach , signing a contract until June 2014 . On 11 October 2013 , Belgium qualified for the 2014 FIFA World Cup . Wilmots is credited with not only giving the young group confidence in themselves as well as enjoying a close relationship with his players but also at the same time being capable of instilling discipline to the squad . During the group stage , Belgium topped the group with all three wins , before exiting the tournament at the quarter-final stage . On 13 October 2015 , Belgium won the group to qualify for the UEFA Euro 2016 in the last game of the stage against Israel . After a disappointing European Championship , Wilmots was fired by the Royal Belgian Football Association on 15 July 2016 . In March 2017 Wilmots was appointed as the manager of Ivory Coast national team . However he was sacked from his position six months later after failing to qualify for the World Cup . On 15 May 2019 , Wilmots agreed a three years contract to become the manager of the Iranian national team , after Portuguese coach Carlos Queiroz left the team after eight years in charge following Irans semifinal exit in the Asian Cup . He officially signed his contract on 29 May , effective from 1 June 2019 . On 4 December 2019 , he resigned from his position as Iran coach . Political career . After retiring as a footballer , Wilmots went into politics . He was elected to the Senate for the French-speaking conservative party , the Reformist Movement ( Mouvement Réformateur or MR ) in the 2003 federal election . He received 79,437 votes , a number surpassed only by 17 other candidates in the whole country during the elections . His political career is not considered very successful . In 2005 , he announced that he wanted to resign as a senator , a rather unconventional and criticized constitutional move . Honours . Player . KV Mechelen - Belgian First Division : 1988–89 - European Super Cup : 1988 - Amsterdam Tournament : 1989 - Jules Pappaert Cup : 1990 Standard Liège - Belgian Cup : 1992–93 - Intertoto Cup : 1996 ( runner-up ) Schalke 04 - UEFA Cup : 1996–97 - DFP Bokal : 2001-02 International . Belgium . - FIFA Fair Play Trophy : 2002 World Cup Individual . Player . - Young Professional Footballer of the Year : 1989-90 - : 2001 , 2002 - Belgian Sports Merit Award : 2002 - Golden Shoe Lifetime Achievement Award : 2002 - 4 FIFA World Cup participations : 1990 , 1994 , 1998 , 2002 Manager - : 2013 , 2014 - : 2015 - Globe Soccer Awards Best Coach of the Year : 2015 |
[
"Schalke"
] | easy | Which team did Marc Wilmots play for from 1996 to 2000? | /wiki/Marc_Wilmots#P54#3 | Marc Wilmots Marc Robert Wilmots ( born 22 February 1969 ) is a Belgian professional football manager and former player who most recently managed the Iran national team . During his club career as attacking midfielder , he won trophies with KV Mechelen , Standard Liège and Schalke 04 . He also represented the Belgium national team . Wilmots has also been a politician , having sat in the Senate for four years for the Mouvement Réformateur party . Club career . In his club career , which started in 1987 , Wilmots played for Sint-Truiden , Mechelen , Standard Liège , Schalke 04 , and Bordeaux . At Schalke , he helped them to the 1997 UEFA Cup Final . His goal in the first leg was cancelled out by Internazionale in the second leg , but Schalke went on to win the game on penalties , with Wilmots scoring the decisive goal . He retired in 2003 , after his second stint with Schalke . During his time with Schalke , the fans there gave him the affectionate nickname Das Kampfschwein ( The War Pig ) , which has been picked up by some English language journalists . In Belgium he is known under the nickname the Bull of Dongelberg , an allusion to his birthplace . International career . For Belgium , Wilmots scored 28 goals in 70 caps , his first coming in May 1990 . He went to four World Cups , playing in three . After being an unused substitute in 1990 , he played 54 minutes in 1994 without scoring , but scored two goals in 1998 and three in 2002 , making him Belgiums leading goal scorer in World Cup history . He also scored a goal against Brazil in the last 16 match of the 2002 World Cup which was disallowed because of a phantom foul on Roque Júnior . According to Wilmots , the referee Peter Prendergast apologized for the error to him at half time . Wilmots was named as one of the seven reserves in the 2002 World Cup All-Star Team . Wilmots also played in Euro 2000 , when Belgium co-hosted the tournament . Managerial career . Wilmots became a football manager in summer 2004 for Sint-Truiden , but was sacked in February 2005 . Between 2009 and 2012 , he served as assistant manager of the Belgium national team under Dick Advocaat and later Georges Leekens . On 15 May 2012 , following the exit of Leekens , Wilmots assumed the Belgium reins on an interim basis before going onto become permanent coach , signing a contract until June 2014 . On 11 October 2013 , Belgium qualified for the 2014 FIFA World Cup . Wilmots is credited with not only giving the young group confidence in themselves as well as enjoying a close relationship with his players but also at the same time being capable of instilling discipline to the squad . During the group stage , Belgium topped the group with all three wins , before exiting the tournament at the quarter-final stage . On 13 October 2015 , Belgium won the group to qualify for the UEFA Euro 2016 in the last game of the stage against Israel . After a disappointing European Championship , Wilmots was fired by the Royal Belgian Football Association on 15 July 2016 . In March 2017 Wilmots was appointed as the manager of Ivory Coast national team . However he was sacked from his position six months later after failing to qualify for the World Cup . On 15 May 2019 , Wilmots agreed a three years contract to become the manager of the Iranian national team , after Portuguese coach Carlos Queiroz left the team after eight years in charge following Irans semifinal exit in the Asian Cup . He officially signed his contract on 29 May , effective from 1 June 2019 . On 4 December 2019 , he resigned from his position as Iran coach . Political career . After retiring as a footballer , Wilmots went into politics . He was elected to the Senate for the French-speaking conservative party , the Reformist Movement ( Mouvement Réformateur or MR ) in the 2003 federal election . He received 79,437 votes , a number surpassed only by 17 other candidates in the whole country during the elections . His political career is not considered very successful . In 2005 , he announced that he wanted to resign as a senator , a rather unconventional and criticized constitutional move . Honours . Player . KV Mechelen - Belgian First Division : 1988–89 - European Super Cup : 1988 - Amsterdam Tournament : 1989 - Jules Pappaert Cup : 1990 Standard Liège - Belgian Cup : 1992–93 - Intertoto Cup : 1996 ( runner-up ) Schalke 04 - UEFA Cup : 1996–97 - DFP Bokal : 2001-02 International . Belgium . - FIFA Fair Play Trophy : 2002 World Cup Individual . Player . - Young Professional Footballer of the Year : 1989-90 - : 2001 , 2002 - Belgian Sports Merit Award : 2002 - Golden Shoe Lifetime Achievement Award : 2002 - 4 FIFA World Cup participations : 1990 , 1994 , 1998 , 2002 Manager - : 2013 , 2014 - : 2015 - Globe Soccer Awards Best Coach of the Year : 2015 |
[
""
] | easy | Which team did the player Marc Wilmots belong to from 2000 to 2001? | /wiki/Marc_Wilmots#P54#4 | Marc Wilmots Marc Robert Wilmots ( born 22 February 1969 ) is a Belgian professional football manager and former player who most recently managed the Iran national team . During his club career as attacking midfielder , he won trophies with KV Mechelen , Standard Liège and Schalke 04 . He also represented the Belgium national team . Wilmots has also been a politician , having sat in the Senate for four years for the Mouvement Réformateur party . Club career . In his club career , which started in 1987 , Wilmots played for Sint-Truiden , Mechelen , Standard Liège , Schalke 04 , and Bordeaux . At Schalke , he helped them to the 1997 UEFA Cup Final . His goal in the first leg was cancelled out by Internazionale in the second leg , but Schalke went on to win the game on penalties , with Wilmots scoring the decisive goal . He retired in 2003 , after his second stint with Schalke . During his time with Schalke , the fans there gave him the affectionate nickname Das Kampfschwein ( The War Pig ) , which has been picked up by some English language journalists . In Belgium he is known under the nickname the Bull of Dongelberg , an allusion to his birthplace . International career . For Belgium , Wilmots scored 28 goals in 70 caps , his first coming in May 1990 . He went to four World Cups , playing in three . After being an unused substitute in 1990 , he played 54 minutes in 1994 without scoring , but scored two goals in 1998 and three in 2002 , making him Belgiums leading goal scorer in World Cup history . He also scored a goal against Brazil in the last 16 match of the 2002 World Cup which was disallowed because of a phantom foul on Roque Júnior . According to Wilmots , the referee Peter Prendergast apologized for the error to him at half time . Wilmots was named as one of the seven reserves in the 2002 World Cup All-Star Team . Wilmots also played in Euro 2000 , when Belgium co-hosted the tournament . Managerial career . Wilmots became a football manager in summer 2004 for Sint-Truiden , but was sacked in February 2005 . Between 2009 and 2012 , he served as assistant manager of the Belgium national team under Dick Advocaat and later Georges Leekens . On 15 May 2012 , following the exit of Leekens , Wilmots assumed the Belgium reins on an interim basis before going onto become permanent coach , signing a contract until June 2014 . On 11 October 2013 , Belgium qualified for the 2014 FIFA World Cup . Wilmots is credited with not only giving the young group confidence in themselves as well as enjoying a close relationship with his players but also at the same time being capable of instilling discipline to the squad . During the group stage , Belgium topped the group with all three wins , before exiting the tournament at the quarter-final stage . On 13 October 2015 , Belgium won the group to qualify for the UEFA Euro 2016 in the last game of the stage against Israel . After a disappointing European Championship , Wilmots was fired by the Royal Belgian Football Association on 15 July 2016 . In March 2017 Wilmots was appointed as the manager of Ivory Coast national team . However he was sacked from his position six months later after failing to qualify for the World Cup . On 15 May 2019 , Wilmots agreed a three years contract to become the manager of the Iranian national team , after Portuguese coach Carlos Queiroz left the team after eight years in charge following Irans semifinal exit in the Asian Cup . He officially signed his contract on 29 May , effective from 1 June 2019 . On 4 December 2019 , he resigned from his position as Iran coach . Political career . After retiring as a footballer , Wilmots went into politics . He was elected to the Senate for the French-speaking conservative party , the Reformist Movement ( Mouvement Réformateur or MR ) in the 2003 federal election . He received 79,437 votes , a number surpassed only by 17 other candidates in the whole country during the elections . His political career is not considered very successful . In 2005 , he announced that he wanted to resign as a senator , a rather unconventional and criticized constitutional move . Honours . Player . KV Mechelen - Belgian First Division : 1988–89 - European Super Cup : 1988 - Amsterdam Tournament : 1989 - Jules Pappaert Cup : 1990 Standard Liège - Belgian Cup : 1992–93 - Intertoto Cup : 1996 ( runner-up ) Schalke 04 - UEFA Cup : 1996–97 - DFP Bokal : 2001-02 International . Belgium . - FIFA Fair Play Trophy : 2002 World Cup Individual . Player . - Young Professional Footballer of the Year : 1989-90 - : 2001 , 2002 - Belgian Sports Merit Award : 2002 - Golden Shoe Lifetime Achievement Award : 2002 - 4 FIFA World Cup participations : 1990 , 1994 , 1998 , 2002 Manager - : 2013 , 2014 - : 2015 - Globe Soccer Awards Best Coach of the Year : 2015 |
[
"Werder Bremen"
] | easy | Tim Borowski played for which team from 1999 to 2001? | /wiki/Tim_Borowski#P54#0 | Tim Borowski Tim Borowski ( born 2 May 1980 ) is a German football assistant manager of SV Werder Bremen and a former professional midfielder who played from 2002 to 2008 for the German national team . Borowski played 33 times for the national squad , with which he represented Germany at the 2006 World Cup and Euro 2008 . He spent 11 years of his 12-year professional career with Werder Bremen , amassing Bundesliga totals of 236 games and 32 goals and winning three major titles , including the 2004 national championship . Next to manager Florian Kohfeldt , Borowski is part of the coaching team since 2017 . Prior to this , he assisted at one of the clubs youth level teams ( U17 ) . He is working to acquire the forth and final DFB manager license in 2020 . Club career . Werder Bremen . Born in Neubrandenburg , Bezirk Neubrandenburg , East Germany , Borowski started his career at hometown club 1 . FC Neubrandenburg 04 , where he was spotted by SV Werder Bremen and signed at the age of 16 for its junior teams . He spent two full seasons with the reserves , competing mainly in Regionalliga Nord . Borowski made his official debut for Werder on 26 August 2000 , starting in a 0–1 home loss against VfL Wolfsburg for the DFB-Pokal . He was definitely promoted to the main squad early into the following campaign . Borowski contributed with 25 games and one goal ( against FC Schalke 04 in a 4–1 home win ) in 2003–04 as the Hanseatic won their fourth national championship , the first in 11 years . He added career highs of ten goals and 11 assists in the 2005–06 season , helping his team to a final second position ; in the latter campaigns UEFA Champions League he also scored against Juventus F.C . for a 3–2 round-of-16 first leg home win , in an eventual away goals rule exit . Bayern Munich . Borowski joined FC Bayern Munich in the 2008 summer after the move was made effective in January , in a free transfer . He finished his first and only season with 30 appearances all competitions comprised . In this season , he appeared in the Champions League seven times and scored there once , he scored in the DFB-Pokal too , and in the Bundesliga five times . In the Bundesliga , he managed to establish himself in the starting eleven six times , in the DFB-Pokal twice , and in the Champions League also twice . Return to Werder . Borowski returned to Werder Bremen on 22 July 2009 , signing a three-year contract . After featuring in only 13 league matches in his last two years combined he was released by his main club , and retired from football shortly after due to injury , aged 32 . In the summer of 2014 , Borowski completed his 18-month traineeship in the marketing department which he had been going through since January 2013 at Werder Bremen . In April of the following year , he signed a contract until July 2018 as sports director for the reserve team . International career . Borowski gained his first cap for Germany on 21 August 2002 , appearing as a late substitute in a 2–2 friendly draw with Bulgaria in Sofia . He was selected by manager Jürgen Klinsmann for the 2006 FIFA World Cup on home soil , filling in for captain Michael Ballack in the opener against Costa Rica ( 4–2 triumph ) . Borowski then proceeded to collect a further four substitute appearances : in the quarter-final against Argentina he made a superb assist for Bremen teammate Miroslav Klose to score the equalizing goal for Germany , and also converted his penalty shootout attempt as it ended 4–2 for the hosts . He started in the following match against Italy , leaving injured in an eventual 0–2 loss . Borowski also participated at the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup ( three minutes against Brazil in the semi-finals ) and UEFA Euro 2008 ( two substitute appearances for the runners-up ) . Honours . Werder Bremen - Bundesliga : 2003–04 - DFB-Pokal : 2003–04 ; runner-up : 2009–10 - DFB-Ligapokal : 2006 ; runner-up : 2004 Germany - UEFA European Championship Runner-up : 2008 - FIFA World Cup third place : 2006 - FIFA Confederations Cup third place : 2005 |
[
"German national team"
] | easy | Which team did Tim Borowski play for from 2002 to 2004? | /wiki/Tim_Borowski#P54#1 | Tim Borowski Tim Borowski ( born 2 May 1980 ) is a German football assistant manager of SV Werder Bremen and a former professional midfielder who played from 2002 to 2008 for the German national team . Borowski played 33 times for the national squad , with which he represented Germany at the 2006 World Cup and Euro 2008 . He spent 11 years of his 12-year professional career with Werder Bremen , amassing Bundesliga totals of 236 games and 32 goals and winning three major titles , including the 2004 national championship . Next to manager Florian Kohfeldt , Borowski is part of the coaching team since 2017 . Prior to this , he assisted at one of the clubs youth level teams ( U17 ) . He is working to acquire the forth and final DFB manager license in 2020 . Club career . Werder Bremen . Born in Neubrandenburg , Bezirk Neubrandenburg , East Germany , Borowski started his career at hometown club 1 . FC Neubrandenburg 04 , where he was spotted by SV Werder Bremen and signed at the age of 16 for its junior teams . He spent two full seasons with the reserves , competing mainly in Regionalliga Nord . Borowski made his official debut for Werder on 26 August 2000 , starting in a 0–1 home loss against VfL Wolfsburg for the DFB-Pokal . He was definitely promoted to the main squad early into the following campaign . Borowski contributed with 25 games and one goal ( against FC Schalke 04 in a 4–1 home win ) in 2003–04 as the Hanseatic won their fourth national championship , the first in 11 years . He added career highs of ten goals and 11 assists in the 2005–06 season , helping his team to a final second position ; in the latter campaigns UEFA Champions League he also scored against Juventus F.C . for a 3–2 round-of-16 first leg home win , in an eventual away goals rule exit . Bayern Munich . Borowski joined FC Bayern Munich in the 2008 summer after the move was made effective in January , in a free transfer . He finished his first and only season with 30 appearances all competitions comprised . In this season , he appeared in the Champions League seven times and scored there once , he scored in the DFB-Pokal too , and in the Bundesliga five times . In the Bundesliga , he managed to establish himself in the starting eleven six times , in the DFB-Pokal twice , and in the Champions League also twice . Return to Werder . Borowski returned to Werder Bremen on 22 July 2009 , signing a three-year contract . After featuring in only 13 league matches in his last two years combined he was released by his main club , and retired from football shortly after due to injury , aged 32 . In the summer of 2014 , Borowski completed his 18-month traineeship in the marketing department which he had been going through since January 2013 at Werder Bremen . In April of the following year , he signed a contract until July 2018 as sports director for the reserve team . International career . Borowski gained his first cap for Germany on 21 August 2002 , appearing as a late substitute in a 2–2 friendly draw with Bulgaria in Sofia . He was selected by manager Jürgen Klinsmann for the 2006 FIFA World Cup on home soil , filling in for captain Michael Ballack in the opener against Costa Rica ( 4–2 triumph ) . Borowski then proceeded to collect a further four substitute appearances : in the quarter-final against Argentina he made a superb assist for Bremen teammate Miroslav Klose to score the equalizing goal for Germany , and also converted his penalty shootout attempt as it ended 4–2 for the hosts . He started in the following match against Italy , leaving injured in an eventual 0–2 loss . Borowski also participated at the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup ( three minutes against Brazil in the semi-finals ) and UEFA Euro 2008 ( two substitute appearances for the runners-up ) . Honours . Werder Bremen - Bundesliga : 2003–04 - DFB-Pokal : 2003–04 ; runner-up : 2009–10 - DFB-Ligapokal : 2006 ; runner-up : 2004 Germany - UEFA European Championship Runner-up : 2008 - FIFA World Cup third place : 2006 - FIFA Confederations Cup third place : 2005 |
[
"Werder Bremen"
] | easy | Which team did Tim Borowski play for in 2004? | /wiki/Tim_Borowski#P54#2 | Tim Borowski Tim Borowski ( born 2 May 1980 ) is a German football assistant manager of SV Werder Bremen and a former professional midfielder who played from 2002 to 2008 for the German national team . Borowski played 33 times for the national squad , with which he represented Germany at the 2006 World Cup and Euro 2008 . He spent 11 years of his 12-year professional career with Werder Bremen , amassing Bundesliga totals of 236 games and 32 goals and winning three major titles , including the 2004 national championship . Next to manager Florian Kohfeldt , Borowski is part of the coaching team since 2017 . Prior to this , he assisted at one of the clubs youth level teams ( U17 ) . He is working to acquire the forth and final DFB manager license in 2020 . Club career . Werder Bremen . Born in Neubrandenburg , Bezirk Neubrandenburg , East Germany , Borowski started his career at hometown club 1 . FC Neubrandenburg 04 , where he was spotted by SV Werder Bremen and signed at the age of 16 for its junior teams . He spent two full seasons with the reserves , competing mainly in Regionalliga Nord . Borowski made his official debut for Werder on 26 August 2000 , starting in a 0–1 home loss against VfL Wolfsburg for the DFB-Pokal . He was definitely promoted to the main squad early into the following campaign . Borowski contributed with 25 games and one goal ( against FC Schalke 04 in a 4–1 home win ) in 2003–04 as the Hanseatic won their fourth national championship , the first in 11 years . He added career highs of ten goals and 11 assists in the 2005–06 season , helping his team to a final second position ; in the latter campaigns UEFA Champions League he also scored against Juventus F.C . for a 3–2 round-of-16 first leg home win , in an eventual away goals rule exit . Bayern Munich . Borowski joined FC Bayern Munich in the 2008 summer after the move was made effective in January , in a free transfer . He finished his first and only season with 30 appearances all competitions comprised . In this season , he appeared in the Champions League seven times and scored there once , he scored in the DFB-Pokal too , and in the Bundesliga five times . In the Bundesliga , he managed to establish himself in the starting eleven six times , in the DFB-Pokal twice , and in the Champions League also twice . Return to Werder . Borowski returned to Werder Bremen on 22 July 2009 , signing a three-year contract . After featuring in only 13 league matches in his last two years combined he was released by his main club , and retired from football shortly after due to injury , aged 32 . In the summer of 2014 , Borowski completed his 18-month traineeship in the marketing department which he had been going through since January 2013 at Werder Bremen . In April of the following year , he signed a contract until July 2018 as sports director for the reserve team . International career . Borowski gained his first cap for Germany on 21 August 2002 , appearing as a late substitute in a 2–2 friendly draw with Bulgaria in Sofia . He was selected by manager Jürgen Klinsmann for the 2006 FIFA World Cup on home soil , filling in for captain Michael Ballack in the opener against Costa Rica ( 4–2 triumph ) . Borowski then proceeded to collect a further four substitute appearances : in the quarter-final against Argentina he made a superb assist for Bremen teammate Miroslav Klose to score the equalizing goal for Germany , and also converted his penalty shootout attempt as it ended 4–2 for the hosts . He started in the following match against Italy , leaving injured in an eventual 0–2 loss . Borowski also participated at the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup ( three minutes against Brazil in the semi-finals ) and UEFA Euro 2008 ( two substitute appearances for the runners-up ) . Honours . Werder Bremen - Bundesliga : 2003–04 - DFB-Pokal : 2003–04 ; runner-up : 2009–10 - DFB-Ligapokal : 2006 ; runner-up : 2004 Germany - UEFA European Championship Runner-up : 2008 - FIFA World Cup third place : 2006 - FIFA Confederations Cup third place : 2005 |
[
"FC Bayern Munich"
] | easy | Which team did the player Tim Borowski belong to from 2008 to 2009? | /wiki/Tim_Borowski#P54#3 | Tim Borowski Tim Borowski ( born 2 May 1980 ) is a German football assistant manager of SV Werder Bremen and a former professional midfielder who played from 2002 to 2008 for the German national team . Borowski played 33 times for the national squad , with which he represented Germany at the 2006 World Cup and Euro 2008 . He spent 11 years of his 12-year professional career with Werder Bremen , amassing Bundesliga totals of 236 games and 32 goals and winning three major titles , including the 2004 national championship . Next to manager Florian Kohfeldt , Borowski is part of the coaching team since 2017 . Prior to this , he assisted at one of the clubs youth level teams ( U17 ) . He is working to acquire the forth and final DFB manager license in 2020 . Club career . Werder Bremen . Born in Neubrandenburg , Bezirk Neubrandenburg , East Germany , Borowski started his career at hometown club 1 . FC Neubrandenburg 04 , where he was spotted by SV Werder Bremen and signed at the age of 16 for its junior teams . He spent two full seasons with the reserves , competing mainly in Regionalliga Nord . Borowski made his official debut for Werder on 26 August 2000 , starting in a 0–1 home loss against VfL Wolfsburg for the DFB-Pokal . He was definitely promoted to the main squad early into the following campaign . Borowski contributed with 25 games and one goal ( against FC Schalke 04 in a 4–1 home win ) in 2003–04 as the Hanseatic won their fourth national championship , the first in 11 years . He added career highs of ten goals and 11 assists in the 2005–06 season , helping his team to a final second position ; in the latter campaigns UEFA Champions League he also scored against Juventus F.C . for a 3–2 round-of-16 first leg home win , in an eventual away goals rule exit . Bayern Munich . Borowski joined FC Bayern Munich in the 2008 summer after the move was made effective in January , in a free transfer . He finished his first and only season with 30 appearances all competitions comprised . In this season , he appeared in the Champions League seven times and scored there once , he scored in the DFB-Pokal too , and in the Bundesliga five times . In the Bundesliga , he managed to establish himself in the starting eleven six times , in the DFB-Pokal twice , and in the Champions League also twice . Return to Werder . Borowski returned to Werder Bremen on 22 July 2009 , signing a three-year contract . After featuring in only 13 league matches in his last two years combined he was released by his main club , and retired from football shortly after due to injury , aged 32 . In the summer of 2014 , Borowski completed his 18-month traineeship in the marketing department which he had been going through since January 2013 at Werder Bremen . In April of the following year , he signed a contract until July 2018 as sports director for the reserve team . International career . Borowski gained his first cap for Germany on 21 August 2002 , appearing as a late substitute in a 2–2 friendly draw with Bulgaria in Sofia . He was selected by manager Jürgen Klinsmann for the 2006 FIFA World Cup on home soil , filling in for captain Michael Ballack in the opener against Costa Rica ( 4–2 triumph ) . Borowski then proceeded to collect a further four substitute appearances : in the quarter-final against Argentina he made a superb assist for Bremen teammate Miroslav Klose to score the equalizing goal for Germany , and also converted his penalty shootout attempt as it ended 4–2 for the hosts . He started in the following match against Italy , leaving injured in an eventual 0–2 loss . Borowski also participated at the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup ( three minutes against Brazil in the semi-finals ) and UEFA Euro 2008 ( two substitute appearances for the runners-up ) . Honours . Werder Bremen - Bundesliga : 2003–04 - DFB-Pokal : 2003–04 ; runner-up : 2009–10 - DFB-Ligapokal : 2006 ; runner-up : 2004 Germany - UEFA European Championship Runner-up : 2008 - FIFA World Cup third place : 2006 - FIFA Confederations Cup third place : 2005 |
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