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[
"Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen"
] |
easy
|
Which collector owned The Allegory of Faith from 1923 to 1928?
|
/wiki/The_Allegory_of_Faith#P195#1
|
The Allegory of Faith The Allegory of Faith , also known as Allegory of the Catholic Faith , is a Dutch Golden Age painting by Johannes Vermeer from about 1670–1672 . It has been in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York since 1931 . This and Art of Painting are his only works that fall under history painting in the contemporary hierarchy of genres , though they still have his typical composition of one or two figures in a domestic interior . Both share several features : the perspective is almost the same , and there is a multicolor tapestry at the left of each painting , pulled to the left to disclose the scene . The Art of Painting also uses symbolism from Cesare Ripa of Clio , muse of history . Vermeers Love Letter uses a similar gilt panel . The Allegory and The Art of Painting differ markedly in style and purpose from Vermeers other works . Description . The painting depicts a woman in a fine white and blue satin dress with gold trimmings . She sits on a platform a step higher than the black and white marble floor , her right foot on a terrestrial globe and her right hand on her heart as she looks up , adoringly , at a glass sphere hung from the ceiling by a blue ribbon . Her left arm rests on the edge of a table which holds a golden chalice , a large book , and a dark-wood crucifix . Behind the crucifix is a gilt-leather panel screen . Beneath the book is a long piece of cloth , possibly a priests stole . Resting on top of the book is a crown of thorns . All of these items are on the platform , which is covered by a green and yellow rug , the edge of which is on the floor . At the bottom of the picture , nearer the viewer , is an apple , and nearer still a snake which has been squashed by a cornerstone . On the dim , far wall behind the woman , a large painting of Christs crucifixion is hung . To the viewers left is a multicolored tapestry , pulled back at the bottom and seemingly the closest thing in the painting to the viewer . A chair with a blue cloth on it is immediately beneath and behind the tapestry and to the left of the snake and cornerstone . Iconography . From Cesare Ripas Iconologia . Vermeers iconography in the painting is largely taken from Cesare Ripas Iconologia , an emblem book ( a collection of allegorical illustrations with accompanying morals or poems on a moral theme ) which had been translated into Dutch in 1644 by D . P . Pers . The artist used various symbols that Ripa described and illustrated in his book , along with symbols taken from other books and traditions . Two of the four allegorical figures of Faith ( Fede . Geloof and Fede Catholica . Catholijck of algemeen Geloof ) given in Ripas book provide many of the symbols in the painting , including the color of the womans clothing , her hand gesture , and the presence of the crushed snake and the apple . In his book , Ripa states that Faith is the most important of the virtues . One image in the book shows her as a woman , dressed in white ( signifying light and purity ) and blue ( which relates to heaven , as Ripa states in another text ) . Faiths hand on her breast symbolizes that the virtue rests in her heart . Christ is represented in the cornerstone crushing the snake ( a symbol of the Devil ) , and the apple ( the fruit Eve gave to Adam ) represents original sin , which in Christian doctrine required the sacrifice of the Saviour . Ripa describes Faith as having the world under her feet , and Vermeer used the symbol quite literally , showing a globe of the earth under the womans right foot . ( The globe , with its distinctive cartouche ( decorative label ) has been identified as one made by Hendrick Hondius ) . From other sources . The crucifix , painting of the Crucifixion and the glass orb are not mentioned by Ripa , and Vermeer changed some of the iconography that Ripa gave : Instead of Ripas suggestion that Faith hold the chalice and rest her hand on a book , Vermeer put them on the table next to her . According to Arthur Wheelock , a University of Maryland academic and curator of a Vermeer exhibit at the National Gallery of Art in Washington , this is an assemblage that gives the image a Eucharistic character not found in the text . By putting the golden chalice against the dark background of the paintings frame and the dark crucifix against the gilt-leather backdrop , the elements are given a greater prominence in the painting . Wheelock , citing his fellow academic at the University of Maryland , Quint Gregory , believes the slight overlapping of the chalice and the gold backdrop of the crucifix may symbolically suggest the essential role of the Eucharist in bridging the physical and spiritual realms , a very Catholic idea . Selena Cant calls the fact that the book , chalice and crucifix together represent the Catholic Mass . The pose of the woman ( hand on heart and eyes raised ) is similar to Ripas image of Theology . The pose was uncommon in Dutch art , but Vermeer was considered an expert in Italian painting , in which the image was often used ( especially those of Guido Reni [ 1575–1642 ] , whose works were then owned in Holland ) . Wheelock believes the large book , which has a metal clasp , is a Bible , but the Metropolitan Museum of Art states on its website that the volume may be the Catholic Missale Romanum . The paintings iconography is not only Catholic , but some believe it is strongly influenced by Jesuit ideas . Departing from Ripas allusion to the story of Abraham and Isaac ( an Old Testament story said to prefigure the faithful sacrifice of Christ on the Cross ) , Vermeer instead uses an image of the Crucifixion itself — an image dear to the Jesuits . Vermeer used Crucifixion , a painting from about 1620 by Jacob Jordaens ( 1593–1678 ) . The painter may have owned a copy of the painting . ( This may be the large painting representing Christ on the Cross described in an inventory of his household at his death . Two other items in the inventory may be in this painting : the gold-tooled leather on the wall of his homes kitchen , and an ebony wood crucifix ) . Another Jesuit influence in the painting is said to be the glass orb on which the woman sets her eyes . According to Eddy De Johgh , Vermeer appears to have taken it from a 1636 emblem book by the Jesuit Willem Hesius , Emblemata sacra de fide , spe , charitate . In the emblem , Capit Quod Non Capit , a winged boy , a symbol of the soul , is shown holding a sphere reflecting a nearby cross and the sun . In a poem accompanying the emblem , Hesius states that the spheres ability to reflect the world is similar to the minds ability to believe in God . Selena Cant has written that the sphere is symbol of the human mind and its capacity both to reflect and to contain infinity . The womans pearl necklace probably relates to pearls as ancient symbols of virginity , according to Cant . There is no source for the light on her dress , perhaps indicating that she is lit by an inner illumination — a strong indication to the viewer that she is not to be considered an individual , but a symbol , according to Walter Liedtke . Reception . Many art historians have considered the painting one of Vermeers less successful works . Cant , for instance , calls it harder , more brittle , less convincing . Faith herself appears uncomfortable : finely dressed , she appears too worldly to be a spiritual symbol , too solid to appear transported , the intimacy too forced and her expression too artificial . According to Wheelock , [ T ] he iconographic demands of this subject strained the credibility of his realistic approach . While essential for the paintings symbolic content , the ecstatic pose of the woman and the crushed snake seem incongruous within this Dutch setting . Walter Liedtke objected to Wheelocks point by asserting that the artist took a very realistic approach primarily in depicting the terrestrial globe and reflections in the glass sphere . Instead , according to Liedtke , the painting is best compared to contemporary Dutch paintings illustrating abstract concepts , including Adriaen Hannemans Allegory of the Peace ( 1664 ; still in situ at the Eerste Kamer in the Binnenhof ) , a histrionic picture showing how reticent Vermeer was in this work ; and Karel Dujardins Allegory of the Immortal Fame of Art Vanquishing Time and Envy ( 1675 ; Historisches Museum , Bamberg ) ; Gabriel Metsus The Triumph of Justice ( late 1650s ; Mauritshuis , The Hague ) ; Adriaen van de Veldes The Annunciation ( 1667 ; Rijksmuseum , Amsterdam ) as well as works by Van Honthorst and early works of De Lairesse . Provenance . Vermeers imaginative use of symbolism in the painting indicates to Wheelock that the painter was not given specific instructions on the allegory but chose the various items himself . The original owner is unknown but may have been a Catholic in Delft , possibly the Jesuits in the city . The Metropolitan Museum of Art website states , This late work was surely commissioned , probably by a patron who was learned as well as devout . The painting was one of those apparently not among the 21 works by the artist collection of Vermeers main patron , Pieter Claesz van Ruijven ( 1624–1674 ) , and auctioned off in the Dissius sale of 1696 . Its first known owner was Herman Stoffelsz van Swoll ( 1632–1698 ) , a postmaster and a Protestant . That Swoll was familiar with collecting art is indicated by the fact that the best man at his wedding in 1656 was a famous collector , Gerrit Reynst . The year after Swolls death , in 1699 , the painting was auctioned off in Amsterdam along with other works in Swolls collection ( which included Italian works ) . The sale catalogue described the work as A sitting Woman with deep meanings , depicting the New Testament , and also stated , powerfully and glowingly painted . After spending time in an unknown collection , the painting ( described as depicting the New Testament ) was auctioned off in 1718 , again in Amsterdam . It was auctioned again in 1735 ( described as artfully and minutely painted ) , and in the Ietswaart sale of 1749 ( described as as good as Eglon van der Neer ) . The mixed fortunes of Vermeers reputation in the 18th century can be seen in the prices paid for the painting at these various auctions : f 400 in 1699 ; f500 in 1718 ; f53 in 1735 ; f70 in 1749 ) . By the early 19th century the painting apparently had found its way to Austria , where it was depicted in the background of Portrait of a Cartographer and His Wife by Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller in 1824 ( now in Westfälisches Landesmuseum , Münster ) . Atlases depicted in this painting contain maps primarily of Vorarlberg and Tirol at the western end of Austria , so perhaps the painting was in that area , according to Wheelock . At the end of the century , the painting ( at that time mistakenly attributed to Eglon van der Neer ) was part of the collection of Ilya Ostroukhov ( and later Dmitry Shchukin ) in Moscow , making it the fourth Vermeer owned by Russians at that time . In 1899 it was put up for sale by a dealer , Wächtler , in Berlin . That year Abraham Bredius bought it for about DM 700 . A Dutch newspaper at the time praised Bredius for the purchase : With this acquisition of the new Delft Vermeer , the New Testament , as an Eglon van der Neer , Dr . Bredius has once again found a bargain with his perspicacious eye . Bredius then loaned the work to the Mauritshuis , where it remained for the next 24 years , until 1923 when Bredius gave it to the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam for a long-term loan . Bredius disliked the work , calling it ( in 1907 ) a large but unpleasant Vermeer . In 1928 , he sold it through the dealer Kleinberger to Michael Friedsam in New York , who bequeathed it in 1931 as part of the Friedsam Collection to the Metropolitan Museum of Art , where it has remained . Exhibitions . The painting has been loaned by The Met to a number of exhibitions that included multiple Vermeers being brought together from different museums . Amongst these were : - ”Vermeer . Il secolo d’oro dell’arte olandese” at le Scuderie del Quirinale in Rome , which opened on September 27 , 2012 and ran through January 20 , 2013 - ”Rembrandt and the Dutch Golden Age” at the Museum of Fine Arts , Budapest , which opened on October 30 , 2014 and ran through February 15 , 2015 - ”Vermeer et les maîtres de la peinture de genre” at the Louvre in Paris , which opened on February 22 , 2017 and ran through May 22 , 2017 ( painting was not listed in exhibit catalogue ) External links . - Metropolitan Museum of Art Web page about the painting - Vermeer and The Delft School , exhibition catalog fully online as PDF from The Metropolitan Museum of Art , which contains material on this painting ( see index ) - The Milkmaid by Johannes Vermeer , exhibition catalog fully online as PDF from The Metropolitan Museum of Art , which contains material on this painting ( cat . no . 10 )
|
[
"Michael Friedsam"
] |
easy
|
Which collector owned The Allegory of Faith from 1928 to 1931?
|
/wiki/The_Allegory_of_Faith#P195#2
|
The Allegory of Faith The Allegory of Faith , also known as Allegory of the Catholic Faith , is a Dutch Golden Age painting by Johannes Vermeer from about 1670–1672 . It has been in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York since 1931 . This and Art of Painting are his only works that fall under history painting in the contemporary hierarchy of genres , though they still have his typical composition of one or two figures in a domestic interior . Both share several features : the perspective is almost the same , and there is a multicolor tapestry at the left of each painting , pulled to the left to disclose the scene . The Art of Painting also uses symbolism from Cesare Ripa of Clio , muse of history . Vermeers Love Letter uses a similar gilt panel . The Allegory and The Art of Painting differ markedly in style and purpose from Vermeers other works . Description . The painting depicts a woman in a fine white and blue satin dress with gold trimmings . She sits on a platform a step higher than the black and white marble floor , her right foot on a terrestrial globe and her right hand on her heart as she looks up , adoringly , at a glass sphere hung from the ceiling by a blue ribbon . Her left arm rests on the edge of a table which holds a golden chalice , a large book , and a dark-wood crucifix . Behind the crucifix is a gilt-leather panel screen . Beneath the book is a long piece of cloth , possibly a priests stole . Resting on top of the book is a crown of thorns . All of these items are on the platform , which is covered by a green and yellow rug , the edge of which is on the floor . At the bottom of the picture , nearer the viewer , is an apple , and nearer still a snake which has been squashed by a cornerstone . On the dim , far wall behind the woman , a large painting of Christs crucifixion is hung . To the viewers left is a multicolored tapestry , pulled back at the bottom and seemingly the closest thing in the painting to the viewer . A chair with a blue cloth on it is immediately beneath and behind the tapestry and to the left of the snake and cornerstone . Iconography . From Cesare Ripas Iconologia . Vermeers iconography in the painting is largely taken from Cesare Ripas Iconologia , an emblem book ( a collection of allegorical illustrations with accompanying morals or poems on a moral theme ) which had been translated into Dutch in 1644 by D . P . Pers . The artist used various symbols that Ripa described and illustrated in his book , along with symbols taken from other books and traditions . Two of the four allegorical figures of Faith ( Fede . Geloof and Fede Catholica . Catholijck of algemeen Geloof ) given in Ripas book provide many of the symbols in the painting , including the color of the womans clothing , her hand gesture , and the presence of the crushed snake and the apple . In his book , Ripa states that Faith is the most important of the virtues . One image in the book shows her as a woman , dressed in white ( signifying light and purity ) and blue ( which relates to heaven , as Ripa states in another text ) . Faiths hand on her breast symbolizes that the virtue rests in her heart . Christ is represented in the cornerstone crushing the snake ( a symbol of the Devil ) , and the apple ( the fruit Eve gave to Adam ) represents original sin , which in Christian doctrine required the sacrifice of the Saviour . Ripa describes Faith as having the world under her feet , and Vermeer used the symbol quite literally , showing a globe of the earth under the womans right foot . ( The globe , with its distinctive cartouche ( decorative label ) has been identified as one made by Hendrick Hondius ) . From other sources . The crucifix , painting of the Crucifixion and the glass orb are not mentioned by Ripa , and Vermeer changed some of the iconography that Ripa gave : Instead of Ripas suggestion that Faith hold the chalice and rest her hand on a book , Vermeer put them on the table next to her . According to Arthur Wheelock , a University of Maryland academic and curator of a Vermeer exhibit at the National Gallery of Art in Washington , this is an assemblage that gives the image a Eucharistic character not found in the text . By putting the golden chalice against the dark background of the paintings frame and the dark crucifix against the gilt-leather backdrop , the elements are given a greater prominence in the painting . Wheelock , citing his fellow academic at the University of Maryland , Quint Gregory , believes the slight overlapping of the chalice and the gold backdrop of the crucifix may symbolically suggest the essential role of the Eucharist in bridging the physical and spiritual realms , a very Catholic idea . Selena Cant calls the fact that the book , chalice and crucifix together represent the Catholic Mass . The pose of the woman ( hand on heart and eyes raised ) is similar to Ripas image of Theology . The pose was uncommon in Dutch art , but Vermeer was considered an expert in Italian painting , in which the image was often used ( especially those of Guido Reni [ 1575–1642 ] , whose works were then owned in Holland ) . Wheelock believes the large book , which has a metal clasp , is a Bible , but the Metropolitan Museum of Art states on its website that the volume may be the Catholic Missale Romanum . The paintings iconography is not only Catholic , but some believe it is strongly influenced by Jesuit ideas . Departing from Ripas allusion to the story of Abraham and Isaac ( an Old Testament story said to prefigure the faithful sacrifice of Christ on the Cross ) , Vermeer instead uses an image of the Crucifixion itself — an image dear to the Jesuits . Vermeer used Crucifixion , a painting from about 1620 by Jacob Jordaens ( 1593–1678 ) . The painter may have owned a copy of the painting . ( This may be the large painting representing Christ on the Cross described in an inventory of his household at his death . Two other items in the inventory may be in this painting : the gold-tooled leather on the wall of his homes kitchen , and an ebony wood crucifix ) . Another Jesuit influence in the painting is said to be the glass orb on which the woman sets her eyes . According to Eddy De Johgh , Vermeer appears to have taken it from a 1636 emblem book by the Jesuit Willem Hesius , Emblemata sacra de fide , spe , charitate . In the emblem , Capit Quod Non Capit , a winged boy , a symbol of the soul , is shown holding a sphere reflecting a nearby cross and the sun . In a poem accompanying the emblem , Hesius states that the spheres ability to reflect the world is similar to the minds ability to believe in God . Selena Cant has written that the sphere is symbol of the human mind and its capacity both to reflect and to contain infinity . The womans pearl necklace probably relates to pearls as ancient symbols of virginity , according to Cant . There is no source for the light on her dress , perhaps indicating that she is lit by an inner illumination — a strong indication to the viewer that she is not to be considered an individual , but a symbol , according to Walter Liedtke . Reception . Many art historians have considered the painting one of Vermeers less successful works . Cant , for instance , calls it harder , more brittle , less convincing . Faith herself appears uncomfortable : finely dressed , she appears too worldly to be a spiritual symbol , too solid to appear transported , the intimacy too forced and her expression too artificial . According to Wheelock , [ T ] he iconographic demands of this subject strained the credibility of his realistic approach . While essential for the paintings symbolic content , the ecstatic pose of the woman and the crushed snake seem incongruous within this Dutch setting . Walter Liedtke objected to Wheelocks point by asserting that the artist took a very realistic approach primarily in depicting the terrestrial globe and reflections in the glass sphere . Instead , according to Liedtke , the painting is best compared to contemporary Dutch paintings illustrating abstract concepts , including Adriaen Hannemans Allegory of the Peace ( 1664 ; still in situ at the Eerste Kamer in the Binnenhof ) , a histrionic picture showing how reticent Vermeer was in this work ; and Karel Dujardins Allegory of the Immortal Fame of Art Vanquishing Time and Envy ( 1675 ; Historisches Museum , Bamberg ) ; Gabriel Metsus The Triumph of Justice ( late 1650s ; Mauritshuis , The Hague ) ; Adriaen van de Veldes The Annunciation ( 1667 ; Rijksmuseum , Amsterdam ) as well as works by Van Honthorst and early works of De Lairesse . Provenance . Vermeers imaginative use of symbolism in the painting indicates to Wheelock that the painter was not given specific instructions on the allegory but chose the various items himself . The original owner is unknown but may have been a Catholic in Delft , possibly the Jesuits in the city . The Metropolitan Museum of Art website states , This late work was surely commissioned , probably by a patron who was learned as well as devout . The painting was one of those apparently not among the 21 works by the artist collection of Vermeers main patron , Pieter Claesz van Ruijven ( 1624–1674 ) , and auctioned off in the Dissius sale of 1696 . Its first known owner was Herman Stoffelsz van Swoll ( 1632–1698 ) , a postmaster and a Protestant . That Swoll was familiar with collecting art is indicated by the fact that the best man at his wedding in 1656 was a famous collector , Gerrit Reynst . The year after Swolls death , in 1699 , the painting was auctioned off in Amsterdam along with other works in Swolls collection ( which included Italian works ) . The sale catalogue described the work as A sitting Woman with deep meanings , depicting the New Testament , and also stated , powerfully and glowingly painted . After spending time in an unknown collection , the painting ( described as depicting the New Testament ) was auctioned off in 1718 , again in Amsterdam . It was auctioned again in 1735 ( described as artfully and minutely painted ) , and in the Ietswaart sale of 1749 ( described as as good as Eglon van der Neer ) . The mixed fortunes of Vermeers reputation in the 18th century can be seen in the prices paid for the painting at these various auctions : f 400 in 1699 ; f500 in 1718 ; f53 in 1735 ; f70 in 1749 ) . By the early 19th century the painting apparently had found its way to Austria , where it was depicted in the background of Portrait of a Cartographer and His Wife by Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller in 1824 ( now in Westfälisches Landesmuseum , Münster ) . Atlases depicted in this painting contain maps primarily of Vorarlberg and Tirol at the western end of Austria , so perhaps the painting was in that area , according to Wheelock . At the end of the century , the painting ( at that time mistakenly attributed to Eglon van der Neer ) was part of the collection of Ilya Ostroukhov ( and later Dmitry Shchukin ) in Moscow , making it the fourth Vermeer owned by Russians at that time . In 1899 it was put up for sale by a dealer , Wächtler , in Berlin . That year Abraham Bredius bought it for about DM 700 . A Dutch newspaper at the time praised Bredius for the purchase : With this acquisition of the new Delft Vermeer , the New Testament , as an Eglon van der Neer , Dr . Bredius has once again found a bargain with his perspicacious eye . Bredius then loaned the work to the Mauritshuis , where it remained for the next 24 years , until 1923 when Bredius gave it to the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam for a long-term loan . Bredius disliked the work , calling it ( in 1907 ) a large but unpleasant Vermeer . In 1928 , he sold it through the dealer Kleinberger to Michael Friedsam in New York , who bequeathed it in 1931 as part of the Friedsam Collection to the Metropolitan Museum of Art , where it has remained . Exhibitions . The painting has been loaned by The Met to a number of exhibitions that included multiple Vermeers being brought together from different museums . Amongst these were : - ”Vermeer . Il secolo d’oro dell’arte olandese” at le Scuderie del Quirinale in Rome , which opened on September 27 , 2012 and ran through January 20 , 2013 - ”Rembrandt and the Dutch Golden Age” at the Museum of Fine Arts , Budapest , which opened on October 30 , 2014 and ran through February 15 , 2015 - ”Vermeer et les maîtres de la peinture de genre” at the Louvre in Paris , which opened on February 22 , 2017 and ran through May 22 , 2017 ( painting was not listed in exhibit catalogue ) External links . - Metropolitan Museum of Art Web page about the painting - Vermeer and The Delft School , exhibition catalog fully online as PDF from The Metropolitan Museum of Art , which contains material on this painting ( see index ) - The Milkmaid by Johannes Vermeer , exhibition catalog fully online as PDF from The Metropolitan Museum of Art , which contains material on this painting ( cat . no . 10 )
|
[
"Metropolitan Museum of Art"
] |
easy
|
Which collector owned The Allegory of Faith from 1931 to 1932?
|
/wiki/The_Allegory_of_Faith#P195#3
|
The Allegory of Faith The Allegory of Faith , also known as Allegory of the Catholic Faith , is a Dutch Golden Age painting by Johannes Vermeer from about 1670–1672 . It has been in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York since 1931 . This and Art of Painting are his only works that fall under history painting in the contemporary hierarchy of genres , though they still have his typical composition of one or two figures in a domestic interior . Both share several features : the perspective is almost the same , and there is a multicolor tapestry at the left of each painting , pulled to the left to disclose the scene . The Art of Painting also uses symbolism from Cesare Ripa of Clio , muse of history . Vermeers Love Letter uses a similar gilt panel . The Allegory and The Art of Painting differ markedly in style and purpose from Vermeers other works . Description . The painting depicts a woman in a fine white and blue satin dress with gold trimmings . She sits on a platform a step higher than the black and white marble floor , her right foot on a terrestrial globe and her right hand on her heart as she looks up , adoringly , at a glass sphere hung from the ceiling by a blue ribbon . Her left arm rests on the edge of a table which holds a golden chalice , a large book , and a dark-wood crucifix . Behind the crucifix is a gilt-leather panel screen . Beneath the book is a long piece of cloth , possibly a priests stole . Resting on top of the book is a crown of thorns . All of these items are on the platform , which is covered by a green and yellow rug , the edge of which is on the floor . At the bottom of the picture , nearer the viewer , is an apple , and nearer still a snake which has been squashed by a cornerstone . On the dim , far wall behind the woman , a large painting of Christs crucifixion is hung . To the viewers left is a multicolored tapestry , pulled back at the bottom and seemingly the closest thing in the painting to the viewer . A chair with a blue cloth on it is immediately beneath and behind the tapestry and to the left of the snake and cornerstone . Iconography . From Cesare Ripas Iconologia . Vermeers iconography in the painting is largely taken from Cesare Ripas Iconologia , an emblem book ( a collection of allegorical illustrations with accompanying morals or poems on a moral theme ) which had been translated into Dutch in 1644 by D . P . Pers . The artist used various symbols that Ripa described and illustrated in his book , along with symbols taken from other books and traditions . Two of the four allegorical figures of Faith ( Fede . Geloof and Fede Catholica . Catholijck of algemeen Geloof ) given in Ripas book provide many of the symbols in the painting , including the color of the womans clothing , her hand gesture , and the presence of the crushed snake and the apple . In his book , Ripa states that Faith is the most important of the virtues . One image in the book shows her as a woman , dressed in white ( signifying light and purity ) and blue ( which relates to heaven , as Ripa states in another text ) . Faiths hand on her breast symbolizes that the virtue rests in her heart . Christ is represented in the cornerstone crushing the snake ( a symbol of the Devil ) , and the apple ( the fruit Eve gave to Adam ) represents original sin , which in Christian doctrine required the sacrifice of the Saviour . Ripa describes Faith as having the world under her feet , and Vermeer used the symbol quite literally , showing a globe of the earth under the womans right foot . ( The globe , with its distinctive cartouche ( decorative label ) has been identified as one made by Hendrick Hondius ) . From other sources . The crucifix , painting of the Crucifixion and the glass orb are not mentioned by Ripa , and Vermeer changed some of the iconography that Ripa gave : Instead of Ripas suggestion that Faith hold the chalice and rest her hand on a book , Vermeer put them on the table next to her . According to Arthur Wheelock , a University of Maryland academic and curator of a Vermeer exhibit at the National Gallery of Art in Washington , this is an assemblage that gives the image a Eucharistic character not found in the text . By putting the golden chalice against the dark background of the paintings frame and the dark crucifix against the gilt-leather backdrop , the elements are given a greater prominence in the painting . Wheelock , citing his fellow academic at the University of Maryland , Quint Gregory , believes the slight overlapping of the chalice and the gold backdrop of the crucifix may symbolically suggest the essential role of the Eucharist in bridging the physical and spiritual realms , a very Catholic idea . Selena Cant calls the fact that the book , chalice and crucifix together represent the Catholic Mass . The pose of the woman ( hand on heart and eyes raised ) is similar to Ripas image of Theology . The pose was uncommon in Dutch art , but Vermeer was considered an expert in Italian painting , in which the image was often used ( especially those of Guido Reni [ 1575–1642 ] , whose works were then owned in Holland ) . Wheelock believes the large book , which has a metal clasp , is a Bible , but the Metropolitan Museum of Art states on its website that the volume may be the Catholic Missale Romanum . The paintings iconography is not only Catholic , but some believe it is strongly influenced by Jesuit ideas . Departing from Ripas allusion to the story of Abraham and Isaac ( an Old Testament story said to prefigure the faithful sacrifice of Christ on the Cross ) , Vermeer instead uses an image of the Crucifixion itself — an image dear to the Jesuits . Vermeer used Crucifixion , a painting from about 1620 by Jacob Jordaens ( 1593–1678 ) . The painter may have owned a copy of the painting . ( This may be the large painting representing Christ on the Cross described in an inventory of his household at his death . Two other items in the inventory may be in this painting : the gold-tooled leather on the wall of his homes kitchen , and an ebony wood crucifix ) . Another Jesuit influence in the painting is said to be the glass orb on which the woman sets her eyes . According to Eddy De Johgh , Vermeer appears to have taken it from a 1636 emblem book by the Jesuit Willem Hesius , Emblemata sacra de fide , spe , charitate . In the emblem , Capit Quod Non Capit , a winged boy , a symbol of the soul , is shown holding a sphere reflecting a nearby cross and the sun . In a poem accompanying the emblem , Hesius states that the spheres ability to reflect the world is similar to the minds ability to believe in God . Selena Cant has written that the sphere is symbol of the human mind and its capacity both to reflect and to contain infinity . The womans pearl necklace probably relates to pearls as ancient symbols of virginity , according to Cant . There is no source for the light on her dress , perhaps indicating that she is lit by an inner illumination — a strong indication to the viewer that she is not to be considered an individual , but a symbol , according to Walter Liedtke . Reception . Many art historians have considered the painting one of Vermeers less successful works . Cant , for instance , calls it harder , more brittle , less convincing . Faith herself appears uncomfortable : finely dressed , she appears too worldly to be a spiritual symbol , too solid to appear transported , the intimacy too forced and her expression too artificial . According to Wheelock , [ T ] he iconographic demands of this subject strained the credibility of his realistic approach . While essential for the paintings symbolic content , the ecstatic pose of the woman and the crushed snake seem incongruous within this Dutch setting . Walter Liedtke objected to Wheelocks point by asserting that the artist took a very realistic approach primarily in depicting the terrestrial globe and reflections in the glass sphere . Instead , according to Liedtke , the painting is best compared to contemporary Dutch paintings illustrating abstract concepts , including Adriaen Hannemans Allegory of the Peace ( 1664 ; still in situ at the Eerste Kamer in the Binnenhof ) , a histrionic picture showing how reticent Vermeer was in this work ; and Karel Dujardins Allegory of the Immortal Fame of Art Vanquishing Time and Envy ( 1675 ; Historisches Museum , Bamberg ) ; Gabriel Metsus The Triumph of Justice ( late 1650s ; Mauritshuis , The Hague ) ; Adriaen van de Veldes The Annunciation ( 1667 ; Rijksmuseum , Amsterdam ) as well as works by Van Honthorst and early works of De Lairesse . Provenance . Vermeers imaginative use of symbolism in the painting indicates to Wheelock that the painter was not given specific instructions on the allegory but chose the various items himself . The original owner is unknown but may have been a Catholic in Delft , possibly the Jesuits in the city . The Metropolitan Museum of Art website states , This late work was surely commissioned , probably by a patron who was learned as well as devout . The painting was one of those apparently not among the 21 works by the artist collection of Vermeers main patron , Pieter Claesz van Ruijven ( 1624–1674 ) , and auctioned off in the Dissius sale of 1696 . Its first known owner was Herman Stoffelsz van Swoll ( 1632–1698 ) , a postmaster and a Protestant . That Swoll was familiar with collecting art is indicated by the fact that the best man at his wedding in 1656 was a famous collector , Gerrit Reynst . The year after Swolls death , in 1699 , the painting was auctioned off in Amsterdam along with other works in Swolls collection ( which included Italian works ) . The sale catalogue described the work as A sitting Woman with deep meanings , depicting the New Testament , and also stated , powerfully and glowingly painted . After spending time in an unknown collection , the painting ( described as depicting the New Testament ) was auctioned off in 1718 , again in Amsterdam . It was auctioned again in 1735 ( described as artfully and minutely painted ) , and in the Ietswaart sale of 1749 ( described as as good as Eglon van der Neer ) . The mixed fortunes of Vermeers reputation in the 18th century can be seen in the prices paid for the painting at these various auctions : f 400 in 1699 ; f500 in 1718 ; f53 in 1735 ; f70 in 1749 ) . By the early 19th century the painting apparently had found its way to Austria , where it was depicted in the background of Portrait of a Cartographer and His Wife by Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller in 1824 ( now in Westfälisches Landesmuseum , Münster ) . Atlases depicted in this painting contain maps primarily of Vorarlberg and Tirol at the western end of Austria , so perhaps the painting was in that area , according to Wheelock . At the end of the century , the painting ( at that time mistakenly attributed to Eglon van der Neer ) was part of the collection of Ilya Ostroukhov ( and later Dmitry Shchukin ) in Moscow , making it the fourth Vermeer owned by Russians at that time . In 1899 it was put up for sale by a dealer , Wächtler , in Berlin . That year Abraham Bredius bought it for about DM 700 . A Dutch newspaper at the time praised Bredius for the purchase : With this acquisition of the new Delft Vermeer , the New Testament , as an Eglon van der Neer , Dr . Bredius has once again found a bargain with his perspicacious eye . Bredius then loaned the work to the Mauritshuis , where it remained for the next 24 years , until 1923 when Bredius gave it to the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam for a long-term loan . Bredius disliked the work , calling it ( in 1907 ) a large but unpleasant Vermeer . In 1928 , he sold it through the dealer Kleinberger to Michael Friedsam in New York , who bequeathed it in 1931 as part of the Friedsam Collection to the Metropolitan Museum of Art , where it has remained . Exhibitions . The painting has been loaned by The Met to a number of exhibitions that included multiple Vermeers being brought together from different museums . Amongst these were : - ”Vermeer . Il secolo d’oro dell’arte olandese” at le Scuderie del Quirinale in Rome , which opened on September 27 , 2012 and ran through January 20 , 2013 - ”Rembrandt and the Dutch Golden Age” at the Museum of Fine Arts , Budapest , which opened on October 30 , 2014 and ran through February 15 , 2015 - ”Vermeer et les maîtres de la peinture de genre” at the Louvre in Paris , which opened on February 22 , 2017 and ran through May 22 , 2017 ( painting was not listed in exhibit catalogue ) External links . - Metropolitan Museum of Art Web page about the painting - Vermeer and The Delft School , exhibition catalog fully online as PDF from The Metropolitan Museum of Art , which contains material on this painting ( see index ) - The Milkmaid by Johannes Vermeer , exhibition catalog fully online as PDF from The Metropolitan Museum of Art , which contains material on this painting ( cat . no . 10 )
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[
"member for the Tasmanian Legislative Council seat of Huon"
] |
easy
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What was the position of Michael Hodgman from May 1966 to May 1974?
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/wiki/Michael_Hodgman#P39#0
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Michael Hodgman William Michael Hodgman AM QC ( 16 November 193819 June 2013 ) was an Australian politician and lawyer . He was a member of the Liberal Party and served as Minister for the Capital Territory in the Fraser Government from 1980 to 1983 . He was active in both state and federal politics , serving in the Tasmanian Legislative Council ( 1966–1974 ) , Australian House of Representatives ( 1975–1987 ) , and Tasmanian House of Assembly ( 1992–1998 , 2002–2010 ) . His son Will Hodgman was Premier of Tasmania for 6 years , until his resignation in January 2020 . Early career and education . Michael Hodgman was born at Hobart , Tasmania , in 1938 . He was educated at The Hutchins School and the University of Tasmania , where he graduated with a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1962 . Whilst at university , Hodgman served as Vice President of the Tasmania University Law Society and Editor of the university newspaper Togatus . Legal career . After graduation , Hodgman was admitted to the Bar of the Supreme Court of Tasmania and served as Associate to the Rt Hon . Sir Victor Windeyer of the High Court of Australia from 1962 to 1963 . He then worked as a Legal Officer for Hydro Tasmania from 1965 to 1966 . He was a Committee Member of the Tasmanian Bar Council from 1969 to 1974 , including a period as Vice President from 1972 to 1973 . He was appointed Queens Counsel in 1984 . Throughout his career , Hodgman largely specialised in criminal law , and represented a number of high-profile clients , including Mark Chopper Read . Parliamentary career . Hodgman first entered politics in 1966 as member for the Tasmanian Legislative Council seat of Huon . He held this position until 1974 when he stood down to run for the Federal electorate of Denison . He was unsuccessful , but won the seat at his second attempt at the 1975 election , and held the seat until 1987 , when he was defeated by Duncan Kerr from the Australian Labor Party . He served as Minister for the Capital Territory and Minister Assisting the Minister for Industry and Commerce in the Fraser government from 1980 to 1983 . In 1992 Hodgman returned to state politics in the lower house electorate of Denison , which he held until defeated in 1998 , when the size of parliament was reduced from 35 to 25 members . He regained the position in 2001 after a recount of votes due to the retirement of Ray Groom . In the 2002 state election he retained his seat , at the expense of his colleague and leader Bob Cheek . Hodgman was well known for his strong support for retaining Australias Constitutional monarchy . He enjoyed wide name-recognition in Hobart ; mainly due to his long political career . His wife died in 2003 . His son , Will Hodgman , was elected to the House of Assembly in 2002 from the neighbouring seat of Franklin , and was Premier of Tasmania from 2014 to 2020 . After Michaels final election to the House of Assembly in 2006 , he was in the partyroom meeting that saw Will elected unopposed as the new Liberal leader . He achieved further fame in 2007 when , during a speech , he rallied fellow party members to give the Labor party one right up the bracket . On the popular Get This radio show , the team had a featured segment using the soundbite one right up the bracket , in which callers air their grievances . On 19 November 2009 Hodgman announced he would not be contesting the 2010 state election . In his farewell speech he spoke briefly about his political career including electorates represented , ministerial offices held , opposition to the invasion of East Timor and flooding of Lake Pedder . Death . He died in a nursing home in Hobart in 2013 . He had terminal emphysema and Alzheimers disease .
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[
""
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easy
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What was the position of Michael Hodgman from Dec 1975 to Jul 1987?
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/wiki/Michael_Hodgman#P39#1
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Michael Hodgman William Michael Hodgman AM QC ( 16 November 193819 June 2013 ) was an Australian politician and lawyer . He was a member of the Liberal Party and served as Minister for the Capital Territory in the Fraser Government from 1980 to 1983 . He was active in both state and federal politics , serving in the Tasmanian Legislative Council ( 1966–1974 ) , Australian House of Representatives ( 1975–1987 ) , and Tasmanian House of Assembly ( 1992–1998 , 2002–2010 ) . His son Will Hodgman was Premier of Tasmania for 6 years , until his resignation in January 2020 . Early career and education . Michael Hodgman was born at Hobart , Tasmania , in 1938 . He was educated at The Hutchins School and the University of Tasmania , where he graduated with a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1962 . Whilst at university , Hodgman served as Vice President of the Tasmania University Law Society and Editor of the university newspaper Togatus . Legal career . After graduation , Hodgman was admitted to the Bar of the Supreme Court of Tasmania and served as Associate to the Rt Hon . Sir Victor Windeyer of the High Court of Australia from 1962 to 1963 . He then worked as a Legal Officer for Hydro Tasmania from 1965 to 1966 . He was a Committee Member of the Tasmanian Bar Council from 1969 to 1974 , including a period as Vice President from 1972 to 1973 . He was appointed Queens Counsel in 1984 . Throughout his career , Hodgman largely specialised in criminal law , and represented a number of high-profile clients , including Mark Chopper Read . Parliamentary career . Hodgman first entered politics in 1966 as member for the Tasmanian Legislative Council seat of Huon . He held this position until 1974 when he stood down to run for the Federal electorate of Denison . He was unsuccessful , but won the seat at his second attempt at the 1975 election , and held the seat until 1987 , when he was defeated by Duncan Kerr from the Australian Labor Party . He served as Minister for the Capital Territory and Minister Assisting the Minister for Industry and Commerce in the Fraser government from 1980 to 1983 . In 1992 Hodgman returned to state politics in the lower house electorate of Denison , which he held until defeated in 1998 , when the size of parliament was reduced from 35 to 25 members . He regained the position in 2001 after a recount of votes due to the retirement of Ray Groom . In the 2002 state election he retained his seat , at the expense of his colleague and leader Bob Cheek . Hodgman was well known for his strong support for retaining Australias Constitutional monarchy . He enjoyed wide name-recognition in Hobart ; mainly due to his long political career . His wife died in 2003 . His son , Will Hodgman , was elected to the House of Assembly in 2002 from the neighbouring seat of Franklin , and was Premier of Tasmania from 2014 to 2020 . After Michaels final election to the House of Assembly in 2006 , he was in the partyroom meeting that saw Will elected unopposed as the new Liberal leader . He achieved further fame in 2007 when , during a speech , he rallied fellow party members to give the Labor party one right up the bracket . On the popular Get This radio show , the team had a featured segment using the soundbite one right up the bracket , in which callers air their grievances . On 19 November 2009 Hodgman announced he would not be contesting the 2010 state election . In his farewell speech he spoke briefly about his political career including electorates represented , ministerial offices held , opposition to the invasion of East Timor and flooding of Lake Pedder . Death . He died in a nursing home in Hobart in 2013 . He had terminal emphysema and Alzheimers disease .
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[
""
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easy
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What was the position of Michael Hodgman from Feb 1992 to Aug 1998?
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/wiki/Michael_Hodgman#P39#2
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Michael Hodgman William Michael Hodgman AM QC ( 16 November 193819 June 2013 ) was an Australian politician and lawyer . He was a member of the Liberal Party and served as Minister for the Capital Territory in the Fraser Government from 1980 to 1983 . He was active in both state and federal politics , serving in the Tasmanian Legislative Council ( 1966–1974 ) , Australian House of Representatives ( 1975–1987 ) , and Tasmanian House of Assembly ( 1992–1998 , 2002–2010 ) . His son Will Hodgman was Premier of Tasmania for 6 years , until his resignation in January 2020 . Early career and education . Michael Hodgman was born at Hobart , Tasmania , in 1938 . He was educated at The Hutchins School and the University of Tasmania , where he graduated with a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1962 . Whilst at university , Hodgman served as Vice President of the Tasmania University Law Society and Editor of the university newspaper Togatus . Legal career . After graduation , Hodgman was admitted to the Bar of the Supreme Court of Tasmania and served as Associate to the Rt Hon . Sir Victor Windeyer of the High Court of Australia from 1962 to 1963 . He then worked as a Legal Officer for Hydro Tasmania from 1965 to 1966 . He was a Committee Member of the Tasmanian Bar Council from 1969 to 1974 , including a period as Vice President from 1972 to 1973 . He was appointed Queens Counsel in 1984 . Throughout his career , Hodgman largely specialised in criminal law , and represented a number of high-profile clients , including Mark Chopper Read . Parliamentary career . Hodgman first entered politics in 1966 as member for the Tasmanian Legislative Council seat of Huon . He held this position until 1974 when he stood down to run for the Federal electorate of Denison . He was unsuccessful , but won the seat at his second attempt at the 1975 election , and held the seat until 1987 , when he was defeated by Duncan Kerr from the Australian Labor Party . He served as Minister for the Capital Territory and Minister Assisting the Minister for Industry and Commerce in the Fraser government from 1980 to 1983 . In 1992 Hodgman returned to state politics in the lower house electorate of Denison , which he held until defeated in 1998 , when the size of parliament was reduced from 35 to 25 members . He regained the position in 2001 after a recount of votes due to the retirement of Ray Groom . In the 2002 state election he retained his seat , at the expense of his colleague and leader Bob Cheek . Hodgman was well known for his strong support for retaining Australias Constitutional monarchy . He enjoyed wide name-recognition in Hobart ; mainly due to his long political career . His wife died in 2003 . His son , Will Hodgman , was elected to the House of Assembly in 2002 from the neighbouring seat of Franklin , and was Premier of Tasmania from 2014 to 2020 . After Michaels final election to the House of Assembly in 2006 , he was in the partyroom meeting that saw Will elected unopposed as the new Liberal leader . He achieved further fame in 2007 when , during a speech , he rallied fellow party members to give the Labor party one right up the bracket . On the popular Get This radio show , the team had a featured segment using the soundbite one right up the bracket , in which callers air their grievances . On 19 November 2009 Hodgman announced he would not be contesting the 2010 state election . In his farewell speech he spoke briefly about his political career including electorates represented , ministerial offices held , opposition to the invasion of East Timor and flooding of Lake Pedder . Death . He died in a nursing home in Hobart in 2013 . He had terminal emphysema and Alzheimers disease .
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[
""
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easy
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What was the position of Michael Hodgman from Aug 2001 to Mar 2010?
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/wiki/Michael_Hodgman#P39#3
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Michael Hodgman William Michael Hodgman AM QC ( 16 November 193819 June 2013 ) was an Australian politician and lawyer . He was a member of the Liberal Party and served as Minister for the Capital Territory in the Fraser Government from 1980 to 1983 . He was active in both state and federal politics , serving in the Tasmanian Legislative Council ( 1966–1974 ) , Australian House of Representatives ( 1975–1987 ) , and Tasmanian House of Assembly ( 1992–1998 , 2002–2010 ) . His son Will Hodgman was Premier of Tasmania for 6 years , until his resignation in January 2020 . Early career and education . Michael Hodgman was born at Hobart , Tasmania , in 1938 . He was educated at The Hutchins School and the University of Tasmania , where he graduated with a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1962 . Whilst at university , Hodgman served as Vice President of the Tasmania University Law Society and Editor of the university newspaper Togatus . Legal career . After graduation , Hodgman was admitted to the Bar of the Supreme Court of Tasmania and served as Associate to the Rt Hon . Sir Victor Windeyer of the High Court of Australia from 1962 to 1963 . He then worked as a Legal Officer for Hydro Tasmania from 1965 to 1966 . He was a Committee Member of the Tasmanian Bar Council from 1969 to 1974 , including a period as Vice President from 1972 to 1973 . He was appointed Queens Counsel in 1984 . Throughout his career , Hodgman largely specialised in criminal law , and represented a number of high-profile clients , including Mark Chopper Read . Parliamentary career . Hodgman first entered politics in 1966 as member for the Tasmanian Legislative Council seat of Huon . He held this position until 1974 when he stood down to run for the Federal electorate of Denison . He was unsuccessful , but won the seat at his second attempt at the 1975 election , and held the seat until 1987 , when he was defeated by Duncan Kerr from the Australian Labor Party . He served as Minister for the Capital Territory and Minister Assisting the Minister for Industry and Commerce in the Fraser government from 1980 to 1983 . In 1992 Hodgman returned to state politics in the lower house electorate of Denison , which he held until defeated in 1998 , when the size of parliament was reduced from 35 to 25 members . He regained the position in 2001 after a recount of votes due to the retirement of Ray Groom . In the 2002 state election he retained his seat , at the expense of his colleague and leader Bob Cheek . Hodgman was well known for his strong support for retaining Australias Constitutional monarchy . He enjoyed wide name-recognition in Hobart ; mainly due to his long political career . His wife died in 2003 . His son , Will Hodgman , was elected to the House of Assembly in 2002 from the neighbouring seat of Franklin , and was Premier of Tasmania from 2014 to 2020 . After Michaels final election to the House of Assembly in 2006 , he was in the partyroom meeting that saw Will elected unopposed as the new Liberal leader . He achieved further fame in 2007 when , during a speech , he rallied fellow party members to give the Labor party one right up the bracket . On the popular Get This radio show , the team had a featured segment using the soundbite one right up the bracket , in which callers air their grievances . On 19 November 2009 Hodgman announced he would not be contesting the 2010 state election . In his farewell speech he spoke briefly about his political career including electorates represented , ministerial offices held , opposition to the invasion of East Timor and flooding of Lake Pedder . Death . He died in a nursing home in Hobart in 2013 . He had terminal emphysema and Alzheimers disease .
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[
"Moss"
] |
easy
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Which team was coached by Erland Johnsen from 2002 to 2003?
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/wiki/Erland_Johnsen#P6087#0
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Erland Johnsen Erland Johnsen ( born 5 April 1967 in Fredrikstad ) is a Norwegian former professional footballer and current manager . He played mainly as a centre back from 1983 until 1999 , notably in the Premier League for Chelsea and in the Bundesliga for Bayern Munich . He also played for Moss , Rosenborg and Strømsgodset and earned 24 caps for Norway . He moved into management in 1999 with Strømsgodset and later with Moss , Follo , Lillestrøm and Strømmen . Club career . His playing career began in Moss , and he later joined Bayern Munich as a professional . During his two seasons at the club he was involved in two championships in 1989 and 1990 . In December 1989 , he transferred to English team Chelsea , where he played for eight seasons and was voted player of the year for the club in 1995 . He scored his only goal for the club against Southampton in April 1994 . Whilst at Chelsea he played in the 1994 FA Cup Final . Chelsea won the 1996–97 FA Cup ; in the fifth round against Leicester City FC at Stamford Bridge , Johnsen went down in the penalty area in the final minutes of extra time and referee Mike Reed awarded a penalty to Chelsea . The penalty was converted by Frank Leboeuf and secured a 1–0 win for Chelsea . It was considered by The Guardians Scott Murray as one of the six worst referee decisions ever . Johnsen was left out of the squad for the final but played in the semi-final against Wimbledon . Shortly after this he returned to his native Norway where he played for Rosenborg and finally Strømsgodset before retiring in June 1999 . International career . Johnsen was a central defender who was capped 19 times for the Norwegian national team , participating in the 1994 World Cup . He also won five caps during Norways unsuccessful qualification campaign for 1988 Olympics , although these are not recognized as full internationals by FIFA . He made 16 under-21 appearances for Norway . Perhaps the most famous moment in Johnsens career came on 15 November 1989 , during a match between Norway and Scotland , at Hampden Park , where he scored a goal from the middle of the pitch . The goal went around the world , even making CNNs Play of the Day . It also caught the interest of Chelsea who purchased Johnsen later that same year . Legendary Scottish goalkeeper Jim Leighton said about the shot twenty years later : Im never allowed to forget about it in Scotland , it is the furthest Ive ever lost a goal from . Johnsen reconstructed the goal together with Leighton in 2009 on the Norwegian sports entertainment show Golden Goal . Managerial career . Johnsen remained with Strømsgodset as an assistant coach for the next three years after he retired as a footballer . Later he had spells with Moss ( 2002–2003 ) and Follo ( 2003–2006 ) . He also worked for Lillestrøm as a player developer . After Tom Nordlie resigned on 29 May 2008 , Johnsen stepped in as caretaker , together with former Chelsea teammate Frode Grodås . In January 2012 , he agreed to coach Strømmen . Ahead of the 2019 season he became youth director of Sarpsborg 08 FF . Honours . Moss - Tippeligaen : 1987 Bayern Munich - Bundesliga : 1988–89 , 1989–90 Chelsea - FA Cup : 1996–97 ; Runner up : 1993–94 - Full Members Cup : 1989–90 Rosenborg - Tippeligaen : 1997 , 1998 Individual - Chelsea Player of the Year : 1994–95 External links . - Premier League profile
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[
"Follo"
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easy
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Which team was coached by Erland Johnsen from 2003 to 2006?
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/wiki/Erland_Johnsen#P6087#1
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Erland Johnsen Erland Johnsen ( born 5 April 1967 in Fredrikstad ) is a Norwegian former professional footballer and current manager . He played mainly as a centre back from 1983 until 1999 , notably in the Premier League for Chelsea and in the Bundesliga for Bayern Munich . He also played for Moss , Rosenborg and Strømsgodset and earned 24 caps for Norway . He moved into management in 1999 with Strømsgodset and later with Moss , Follo , Lillestrøm and Strømmen . Club career . His playing career began in Moss , and he later joined Bayern Munich as a professional . During his two seasons at the club he was involved in two championships in 1989 and 1990 . In December 1989 , he transferred to English team Chelsea , where he played for eight seasons and was voted player of the year for the club in 1995 . He scored his only goal for the club against Southampton in April 1994 . Whilst at Chelsea he played in the 1994 FA Cup Final . Chelsea won the 1996–97 FA Cup ; in the fifth round against Leicester City FC at Stamford Bridge , Johnsen went down in the penalty area in the final minutes of extra time and referee Mike Reed awarded a penalty to Chelsea . The penalty was converted by Frank Leboeuf and secured a 1–0 win for Chelsea . It was considered by The Guardians Scott Murray as one of the six worst referee decisions ever . Johnsen was left out of the squad for the final but played in the semi-final against Wimbledon . Shortly after this he returned to his native Norway where he played for Rosenborg and finally Strømsgodset before retiring in June 1999 . International career . Johnsen was a central defender who was capped 19 times for the Norwegian national team , participating in the 1994 World Cup . He also won five caps during Norways unsuccessful qualification campaign for 1988 Olympics , although these are not recognized as full internationals by FIFA . He made 16 under-21 appearances for Norway . Perhaps the most famous moment in Johnsens career came on 15 November 1989 , during a match between Norway and Scotland , at Hampden Park , where he scored a goal from the middle of the pitch . The goal went around the world , even making CNNs Play of the Day . It also caught the interest of Chelsea who purchased Johnsen later that same year . Legendary Scottish goalkeeper Jim Leighton said about the shot twenty years later : Im never allowed to forget about it in Scotland , it is the furthest Ive ever lost a goal from . Johnsen reconstructed the goal together with Leighton in 2009 on the Norwegian sports entertainment show Golden Goal . Managerial career . Johnsen remained with Strømsgodset as an assistant coach for the next three years after he retired as a footballer . Later he had spells with Moss ( 2002–2003 ) and Follo ( 2003–2006 ) . He also worked for Lillestrøm as a player developer . After Tom Nordlie resigned on 29 May 2008 , Johnsen stepped in as caretaker , together with former Chelsea teammate Frode Grodås . In January 2012 , he agreed to coach Strømmen . Ahead of the 2019 season he became youth director of Sarpsborg 08 FF . Honours . Moss - Tippeligaen : 1987 Bayern Munich - Bundesliga : 1988–89 , 1989–90 Chelsea - FA Cup : 1996–97 ; Runner up : 1993–94 - Full Members Cup : 1989–90 Rosenborg - Tippeligaen : 1997 , 1998 Individual - Chelsea Player of the Year : 1994–95 External links . - Premier League profile
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[
"Strømmen"
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easy
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Erland Johnsen was the coach of which team from 2012 to 2013?
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/wiki/Erland_Johnsen#P6087#2
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Erland Johnsen Erland Johnsen ( born 5 April 1967 in Fredrikstad ) is a Norwegian former professional footballer and current manager . He played mainly as a centre back from 1983 until 1999 , notably in the Premier League for Chelsea and in the Bundesliga for Bayern Munich . He also played for Moss , Rosenborg and Strømsgodset and earned 24 caps for Norway . He moved into management in 1999 with Strømsgodset and later with Moss , Follo , Lillestrøm and Strømmen . Club career . His playing career began in Moss , and he later joined Bayern Munich as a professional . During his two seasons at the club he was involved in two championships in 1989 and 1990 . In December 1989 , he transferred to English team Chelsea , where he played for eight seasons and was voted player of the year for the club in 1995 . He scored his only goal for the club against Southampton in April 1994 . Whilst at Chelsea he played in the 1994 FA Cup Final . Chelsea won the 1996–97 FA Cup ; in the fifth round against Leicester City FC at Stamford Bridge , Johnsen went down in the penalty area in the final minutes of extra time and referee Mike Reed awarded a penalty to Chelsea . The penalty was converted by Frank Leboeuf and secured a 1–0 win for Chelsea . It was considered by The Guardians Scott Murray as one of the six worst referee decisions ever . Johnsen was left out of the squad for the final but played in the semi-final against Wimbledon . Shortly after this he returned to his native Norway where he played for Rosenborg and finally Strømsgodset before retiring in June 1999 . International career . Johnsen was a central defender who was capped 19 times for the Norwegian national team , participating in the 1994 World Cup . He also won five caps during Norways unsuccessful qualification campaign for 1988 Olympics , although these are not recognized as full internationals by FIFA . He made 16 under-21 appearances for Norway . Perhaps the most famous moment in Johnsens career came on 15 November 1989 , during a match between Norway and Scotland , at Hampden Park , where he scored a goal from the middle of the pitch . The goal went around the world , even making CNNs Play of the Day . It also caught the interest of Chelsea who purchased Johnsen later that same year . Legendary Scottish goalkeeper Jim Leighton said about the shot twenty years later : Im never allowed to forget about it in Scotland , it is the furthest Ive ever lost a goal from . Johnsen reconstructed the goal together with Leighton in 2009 on the Norwegian sports entertainment show Golden Goal . Managerial career . Johnsen remained with Strømsgodset as an assistant coach for the next three years after he retired as a footballer . Later he had spells with Moss ( 2002–2003 ) and Follo ( 2003–2006 ) . He also worked for Lillestrøm as a player developer . After Tom Nordlie resigned on 29 May 2008 , Johnsen stepped in as caretaker , together with former Chelsea teammate Frode Grodås . In January 2012 , he agreed to coach Strømmen . Ahead of the 2019 season he became youth director of Sarpsborg 08 FF . Honours . Moss - Tippeligaen : 1987 Bayern Munich - Bundesliga : 1988–89 , 1989–90 Chelsea - FA Cup : 1996–97 ; Runner up : 1993–94 - Full Members Cup : 1989–90 Rosenborg - Tippeligaen : 1997 , 1998 Individual - Chelsea Player of the Year : 1994–95 External links . - Premier League profile
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easy
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Erland Johnsen was the coach of which team from 2016 to 2017?
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/wiki/Erland_Johnsen#P6087#3
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Erland Johnsen Erland Johnsen ( born 5 April 1967 in Fredrikstad ) is a Norwegian former professional footballer and current manager . He played mainly as a centre back from 1983 until 1999 , notably in the Premier League for Chelsea and in the Bundesliga for Bayern Munich . He also played for Moss , Rosenborg and Strømsgodset and earned 24 caps for Norway . He moved into management in 1999 with Strømsgodset and later with Moss , Follo , Lillestrøm and Strømmen . Club career . His playing career began in Moss , and he later joined Bayern Munich as a professional . During his two seasons at the club he was involved in two championships in 1989 and 1990 . In December 1989 , he transferred to English team Chelsea , where he played for eight seasons and was voted player of the year for the club in 1995 . He scored his only goal for the club against Southampton in April 1994 . Whilst at Chelsea he played in the 1994 FA Cup Final . Chelsea won the 1996–97 FA Cup ; in the fifth round against Leicester City FC at Stamford Bridge , Johnsen went down in the penalty area in the final minutes of extra time and referee Mike Reed awarded a penalty to Chelsea . The penalty was converted by Frank Leboeuf and secured a 1–0 win for Chelsea . It was considered by The Guardians Scott Murray as one of the six worst referee decisions ever . Johnsen was left out of the squad for the final but played in the semi-final against Wimbledon . Shortly after this he returned to his native Norway where he played for Rosenborg and finally Strømsgodset before retiring in June 1999 . International career . Johnsen was a central defender who was capped 19 times for the Norwegian national team , participating in the 1994 World Cup . He also won five caps during Norways unsuccessful qualification campaign for 1988 Olympics , although these are not recognized as full internationals by FIFA . He made 16 under-21 appearances for Norway . Perhaps the most famous moment in Johnsens career came on 15 November 1989 , during a match between Norway and Scotland , at Hampden Park , where he scored a goal from the middle of the pitch . The goal went around the world , even making CNNs Play of the Day . It also caught the interest of Chelsea who purchased Johnsen later that same year . Legendary Scottish goalkeeper Jim Leighton said about the shot twenty years later : Im never allowed to forget about it in Scotland , it is the furthest Ive ever lost a goal from . Johnsen reconstructed the goal together with Leighton in 2009 on the Norwegian sports entertainment show Golden Goal . Managerial career . Johnsen remained with Strømsgodset as an assistant coach for the next three years after he retired as a footballer . Later he had spells with Moss ( 2002–2003 ) and Follo ( 2003–2006 ) . He also worked for Lillestrøm as a player developer . After Tom Nordlie resigned on 29 May 2008 , Johnsen stepped in as caretaker , together with former Chelsea teammate Frode Grodås . In January 2012 , he agreed to coach Strømmen . Ahead of the 2019 season he became youth director of Sarpsborg 08 FF . Honours . Moss - Tippeligaen : 1987 Bayern Munich - Bundesliga : 1988–89 , 1989–90 Chelsea - FA Cup : 1996–97 ; Runner up : 1993–94 - Full Members Cup : 1989–90 Rosenborg - Tippeligaen : 1997 , 1998 Individual - Chelsea Player of the Year : 1994–95 External links . - Premier League profile
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[
"National Medal of Science",
"Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire"
] |
easy
|
Which award did Bill Pickering (rocket scientist) receive in 1975?
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/wiki/Bill_Pickering_(rocket_scientist)#P166#0
|
Bill Pickering ( rocket scientist ) William Hayward Pickering ( 24 December 1910 – 15 March 2004 ) was a New Zealand-born rocket scientist who headed Pasadena , Californias Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) for 22 years , retiring in 1976 . He was a senior NASA luminary and pioneered the exploration of space . Pickering was also a founding member of the United States National Academy of Engineering . Origins and education . Born in Wellington , New Zealand , on 24 December 1910 , Pickering attended Havelock School , Marlborough , and Wellington College . After spending a year at the Canterbury University College , he moved to the United States ( where he subsequently naturalized ) , to complete a bachelors degree at the California Institute of Technology ( Caltech ) , and later , in 1936 , a PhD in Physics . His speciality was in Electrical Engineering , and he majored in what is now commonly known in scientific vernacular as telemetry . Jet Propulsion Laboratory . William Pickering became involved with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) in 1944 , during the second world war . As the Director of JPL , from 1954 , Pickering was closely involved with management of the Private and Corporal missiles under the aegis of the U.S . Army . His group launched Explorer I on a Jupiter-C rocket from Cape Canaveral on 31 January 1958 less than four months after the Soviet Union had launched Sputnik . In 1958 the labs projects were transferred to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) and Pickerings team concentrated on NASAs unmanned space-flight program . JPL , under Pickerings direction flew further Explorer 3 and Pioneer missions as well as the Ranger and Surveyor missions to the moon and the several Mariner flybys of Venus and Mars . Explorer III discovered the radiation field round the earth that is now known as the Van Allen radiation belt . Explorer 1 orbited for 10 years and was the forerunner of a number of successful JPL earth and deep-space satellites . William Hayward Pickering is not to be confused with William Henry Pickering , an astronomer from an earlier era . At the time of his retirement as director , in 1976 , the Voyager missions were about to launch on tours of the outer planets and Viking 1 was on its way to land on Mars . Retirement . Pickering , keen to support authentic science in his home country , was Patron of New Zealands only school-based research group , the Nexus Research Group , from 1999 until his death in 2004 . Between 1977 and his death in 2004 , Pickering also served as Patron of the New Zealand Spaceflight Association ; a non-profit organisation that existed from 1977 to 2012 to promote an informed approach to astronautics and related sciences . Death . Pickering died on 15 March 2004 of pneumonia in La Cañada Flintridge , California , US . Gifford Observatory . Pickering re-opened the Gifford Observatory as the guest of honour , on 25 March 2002 . He had been a frequent user of the observatory during his school days in Wellington College . Honours . - In 1964 , he was awarded the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement . - In 1964 he presented the Bernard Price Memorial Lecture in South Africa . - 1965 The Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand ( IPENZ ) Honorary Fellowship - Magellanic Premium in 1966 . - IEEE Edison Medal in 1972 , For contributions to telecommunications , rocket guidance and spacecraft control , and for inspiring leadership in unmanned exploration of the solar system . - National Medal of Science in 1975 awarded by President Gerald Ford - Honorary ( because of his American citizenship ) investiture as a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1975 - In 1980 he was inducted into the International Space Hall of Fame . - In 1979 , Pickering was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum . - Japan Prize in 1994 - In the 2003 Queens Birthday Honours , he was appointed an honorary member of the Order of New Zealand , the highest civilian award in the New Zealand honours system . - Dr . Pickering is one of the few non-politicians to have appeared on the cover of Time magazine twice . Honorific eponyms . In 2009 to mark the International Year of Astronomy , William Hayward Pickering was selected along with cosmologist Beatrice Tinsley to have their names bestowed on peaks in the Kepler Mountains of New Zealands Fiordland National Park . In December 2010 the New Zealand Geographic Board officially gazetted Mount Pickering as an official New Zealand place name . Three roads in New Zealand have been named after Pickering , namely : Sir William Pickering Drive in the Canterbury Technology Park in Christchurch ; Pickering Crescent in Hamilton ; and William Pickering Drive in Auckland . In December 2018 New Zealand company Rocket Lab announced that the fourth launch of their Electron rocket and their first mission for NASAs Educational Launch of Nanosatellites program will be named This ones for Pickering , in honor of Bill Pickering . Minor planet 5738 Billpickering is named in his honor . External links . - IEEE Legacies - Biography of William Pickering by The New Zealand Edge - Faces of Leadership : the Directors of JPL - William H . Pickering on NASA website - New Zealand Spaceflight Association - A biography by John Campbell - RSNZ obituary ( ) - Caltech obituary ( )
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[
"Japan Prize"
] |
easy
|
What award was endowed to Bill Pickering (rocket scientist) in 1994?
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/wiki/Bill_Pickering_(rocket_scientist)#P166#1
|
Bill Pickering ( rocket scientist ) William Hayward Pickering ( 24 December 1910 – 15 March 2004 ) was a New Zealand-born rocket scientist who headed Pasadena , Californias Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) for 22 years , retiring in 1976 . He was a senior NASA luminary and pioneered the exploration of space . Pickering was also a founding member of the United States National Academy of Engineering . Origins and education . Born in Wellington , New Zealand , on 24 December 1910 , Pickering attended Havelock School , Marlborough , and Wellington College . After spending a year at the Canterbury University College , he moved to the United States ( where he subsequently naturalized ) , to complete a bachelors degree at the California Institute of Technology ( Caltech ) , and later , in 1936 , a PhD in Physics . His speciality was in Electrical Engineering , and he majored in what is now commonly known in scientific vernacular as telemetry . Jet Propulsion Laboratory . William Pickering became involved with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) in 1944 , during the second world war . As the Director of JPL , from 1954 , Pickering was closely involved with management of the Private and Corporal missiles under the aegis of the U.S . Army . His group launched Explorer I on a Jupiter-C rocket from Cape Canaveral on 31 January 1958 less than four months after the Soviet Union had launched Sputnik . In 1958 the labs projects were transferred to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) and Pickerings team concentrated on NASAs unmanned space-flight program . JPL , under Pickerings direction flew further Explorer 3 and Pioneer missions as well as the Ranger and Surveyor missions to the moon and the several Mariner flybys of Venus and Mars . Explorer III discovered the radiation field round the earth that is now known as the Van Allen radiation belt . Explorer 1 orbited for 10 years and was the forerunner of a number of successful JPL earth and deep-space satellites . William Hayward Pickering is not to be confused with William Henry Pickering , an astronomer from an earlier era . At the time of his retirement as director , in 1976 , the Voyager missions were about to launch on tours of the outer planets and Viking 1 was on its way to land on Mars . Retirement . Pickering , keen to support authentic science in his home country , was Patron of New Zealands only school-based research group , the Nexus Research Group , from 1999 until his death in 2004 . Between 1977 and his death in 2004 , Pickering also served as Patron of the New Zealand Spaceflight Association ; a non-profit organisation that existed from 1977 to 2012 to promote an informed approach to astronautics and related sciences . Death . Pickering died on 15 March 2004 of pneumonia in La Cañada Flintridge , California , US . Gifford Observatory . Pickering re-opened the Gifford Observatory as the guest of honour , on 25 March 2002 . He had been a frequent user of the observatory during his school days in Wellington College . Honours . - In 1964 , he was awarded the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement . - In 1964 he presented the Bernard Price Memorial Lecture in South Africa . - 1965 The Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand ( IPENZ ) Honorary Fellowship - Magellanic Premium in 1966 . - IEEE Edison Medal in 1972 , For contributions to telecommunications , rocket guidance and spacecraft control , and for inspiring leadership in unmanned exploration of the solar system . - National Medal of Science in 1975 awarded by President Gerald Ford - Honorary ( because of his American citizenship ) investiture as a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1975 - In 1980 he was inducted into the International Space Hall of Fame . - In 1979 , Pickering was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum . - Japan Prize in 1994 - In the 2003 Queens Birthday Honours , he was appointed an honorary member of the Order of New Zealand , the highest civilian award in the New Zealand honours system . - Dr . Pickering is one of the few non-politicians to have appeared on the cover of Time magazine twice . Honorific eponyms . In 2009 to mark the International Year of Astronomy , William Hayward Pickering was selected along with cosmologist Beatrice Tinsley to have their names bestowed on peaks in the Kepler Mountains of New Zealands Fiordland National Park . In December 2010 the New Zealand Geographic Board officially gazetted Mount Pickering as an official New Zealand place name . Three roads in New Zealand have been named after Pickering , namely : Sir William Pickering Drive in the Canterbury Technology Park in Christchurch ; Pickering Crescent in Hamilton ; and William Pickering Drive in Auckland . In December 2018 New Zealand company Rocket Lab announced that the fourth launch of their Electron rocket and their first mission for NASAs Educational Launch of Nanosatellites program will be named This ones for Pickering , in honor of Bill Pickering . Minor planet 5738 Billpickering is named in his honor . External links . - IEEE Legacies - Biography of William Pickering by The New Zealand Edge - Faces of Leadership : the Directors of JPL - William H . Pickering on NASA website - New Zealand Spaceflight Association - A biography by John Campbell - RSNZ obituary ( ) - Caltech obituary ( )
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[
"honorary member of the Order of New Zealand"
] |
easy
|
Which award did Bill Pickering (rocket scientist) receive in Jun 2003?
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/wiki/Bill_Pickering_(rocket_scientist)#P166#2
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Bill Pickering ( rocket scientist ) William Hayward Pickering ( 24 December 1910 – 15 March 2004 ) was a New Zealand-born rocket scientist who headed Pasadena , Californias Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) for 22 years , retiring in 1976 . He was a senior NASA luminary and pioneered the exploration of space . Pickering was also a founding member of the United States National Academy of Engineering . Origins and education . Born in Wellington , New Zealand , on 24 December 1910 , Pickering attended Havelock School , Marlborough , and Wellington College . After spending a year at the Canterbury University College , he moved to the United States ( where he subsequently naturalized ) , to complete a bachelors degree at the California Institute of Technology ( Caltech ) , and later , in 1936 , a PhD in Physics . His speciality was in Electrical Engineering , and he majored in what is now commonly known in scientific vernacular as telemetry . Jet Propulsion Laboratory . William Pickering became involved with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) in 1944 , during the second world war . As the Director of JPL , from 1954 , Pickering was closely involved with management of the Private and Corporal missiles under the aegis of the U.S . Army . His group launched Explorer I on a Jupiter-C rocket from Cape Canaveral on 31 January 1958 less than four months after the Soviet Union had launched Sputnik . In 1958 the labs projects were transferred to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) and Pickerings team concentrated on NASAs unmanned space-flight program . JPL , under Pickerings direction flew further Explorer 3 and Pioneer missions as well as the Ranger and Surveyor missions to the moon and the several Mariner flybys of Venus and Mars . Explorer III discovered the radiation field round the earth that is now known as the Van Allen radiation belt . Explorer 1 orbited for 10 years and was the forerunner of a number of successful JPL earth and deep-space satellites . William Hayward Pickering is not to be confused with William Henry Pickering , an astronomer from an earlier era . At the time of his retirement as director , in 1976 , the Voyager missions were about to launch on tours of the outer planets and Viking 1 was on its way to land on Mars . Retirement . Pickering , keen to support authentic science in his home country , was Patron of New Zealands only school-based research group , the Nexus Research Group , from 1999 until his death in 2004 . Between 1977 and his death in 2004 , Pickering also served as Patron of the New Zealand Spaceflight Association ; a non-profit organisation that existed from 1977 to 2012 to promote an informed approach to astronautics and related sciences . Death . Pickering died on 15 March 2004 of pneumonia in La Cañada Flintridge , California , US . Gifford Observatory . Pickering re-opened the Gifford Observatory as the guest of honour , on 25 March 2002 . He had been a frequent user of the observatory during his school days in Wellington College . Honours . - In 1964 , he was awarded the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement . - In 1964 he presented the Bernard Price Memorial Lecture in South Africa . - 1965 The Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand ( IPENZ ) Honorary Fellowship - Magellanic Premium in 1966 . - IEEE Edison Medal in 1972 , For contributions to telecommunications , rocket guidance and spacecraft control , and for inspiring leadership in unmanned exploration of the solar system . - National Medal of Science in 1975 awarded by President Gerald Ford - Honorary ( because of his American citizenship ) investiture as a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1975 - In 1980 he was inducted into the International Space Hall of Fame . - In 1979 , Pickering was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum . - Japan Prize in 1994 - In the 2003 Queens Birthday Honours , he was appointed an honorary member of the Order of New Zealand , the highest civilian award in the New Zealand honours system . - Dr . Pickering is one of the few non-politicians to have appeared on the cover of Time magazine twice . Honorific eponyms . In 2009 to mark the International Year of Astronomy , William Hayward Pickering was selected along with cosmologist Beatrice Tinsley to have their names bestowed on peaks in the Kepler Mountains of New Zealands Fiordland National Park . In December 2010 the New Zealand Geographic Board officially gazetted Mount Pickering as an official New Zealand place name . Three roads in New Zealand have been named after Pickering , namely : Sir William Pickering Drive in the Canterbury Technology Park in Christchurch ; Pickering Crescent in Hamilton ; and William Pickering Drive in Auckland . In December 2018 New Zealand company Rocket Lab announced that the fourth launch of their Electron rocket and their first mission for NASAs Educational Launch of Nanosatellites program will be named This ones for Pickering , in honor of Bill Pickering . Minor planet 5738 Billpickering is named in his honor . External links . - IEEE Legacies - Biography of William Pickering by The New Zealand Edge - Faces of Leadership : the Directors of JPL - William H . Pickering on NASA website - New Zealand Spaceflight Association - A biography by John Campbell - RSNZ obituary ( ) - Caltech obituary ( )
|
[
"United and Alternative Left"
] |
easy
|
Which party was Joan Josep Nuet a member of from 1985 to 1986?
|
/wiki/Joan_Josep_Nuet#P102#0
|
Joan Josep Nuet Joan Josep Nuet i Pujals ( born 6 August 1964 ) is a Spanish politician from Catalonia who currently serves as Member of the Congress of Deputies of Spain . He was previously a member of the Senate of Spain and the Parliament of Catalonia . A member of the Party of the Communists of Catalonia since 1986 , Nuet became its secretary-general in January 2010 . He has been secretary-general of the Communists of Catalonia since its formation in November 2014 . He was co-ordinator general of the United and Alternative Left from June 2012 to June 2019 . Nuet was a member of Montcada i Reixac Municipal Council from 1991 to 2003 and served two terms as a deputy mayor . He was an appointed member of the Senate of Spain from December 2006 to February 2011 . He was a member of the Congress of Deputies from December 2011 to October 2015 and a member of the Parliament of Catalonia from October 2015 till his resignation in March 2019 . He was Third Secretary of the Parliament of Catalonia from October 2015 to October 2017 . He was elected to a second term in the Congress of Deputies at the 2019 general election . He is currently awaiting trial on charges of disobedience for his role in the Catalan declaration of independence . Early life . Nuet was born on 6 August 1964 in Reus , Catalonia . He is the son of Joan Nuet i Pallèja , a Republican veteran of the Battle of the Ebro , and Montserrat Pujals . He has a sister , Montserrat . Nuet left Reus in 1988 to study history in Tarragona , specialising in contemporary history . He lived in Barcelona for a couple of years before settling in Montcada i Reixac with his partner . Nuet has a degree in geography and history from the University of Barcelona . Career . Party of the Communists of Catalonia . Nuet joined the Party of the Communists of Catalonia ( PCC ) in 1986 and served as secretary-general of its youth wing , the Collectives of Young Communists – Communist Youth ( CJC-JC ) . One of his earliest political acts was campaigning against Spain joining NATO in the 1986 referendum . He was a member of Montcada i Reixac Municipal Council from 1991 to 2003 and was deputy mayor from 1991 to 1999 . He was a metropolitan councillor for the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona ( AMB ) from 1992 to 1999 . Nuet was one of the founders of the United and Alternative Left ( EUiA ) , the Catalan wing of the United Left ( IU ) , in 1998 and was a member of its national commission and the national council . At the 1999 regional election he was placed 36th on the EUiA electoral alliances list of candidates in the Province of Barcelona but the alliance failed to win any seats in the province and as a result he failed to get elected . Nuet took part in the negotiations that led to the 2002 electoral agreement between EUiA and Initiative for Catalonia Greens ( ICV ) . At the 2004 general election he was placed third on the Initiative for Catalonia Greens–United and Alternative Left ( ICV–EUiA ) electoral alliances list of candidates in the Province of Barcelona but the alliance only managed to win two seats in the province and as a result he failed to get elected . At the IUs 8th Assembly in December 2004 Nuet was elected to the IUs federal political council , federal executive presidency and federal permanent commission . In December 2006 Nuet was appointed to the Senate of Spain by the Parliament of Catalonia , replacing Jaume Bosch . At the 2008 general election Nuet was placed third on the ICV–EUiA electoral alliances list of candidates in the Province of Barcelona but the alliance only managed to win one seat in the province and as a result he failed to get elected . He was re-appointed to the Senate in March 2008 . At the IUs 9th Assembly in November 2008 Nuet headed the Nacional II list of candidates in the election of the IUs federal political council ( CPF ) which came in third , behind the lists headed by Cayo Lara and Inés Sabanés , after receiving 144 of the 761 votes ( 19% ) , translating into 17 out of 90 seats on the CPF . As none of the lists obtained more than 50% of the votes the 90 elected members of the CPF postponed electing a General Co-ordinator ( leader ) until the remaining 90 members of the CPF were appointed by the IUs various federations . At the meeting of the CPF on 14 December 2008 Nuet came second in the election for General Co-ordinator after receiving 29 of the 167 votes ( 17% ) , trailing behind Lara who received 92 votes . Nuet became the CPF member with responsibility for internal co-ordination and he was also a member of the IUs federal executive committee . Nuet was the only Spanish politician on board the Spirit of Humanity , the Free Gaza Movement ship that tried unsuccessfully to take humanitarian aid to Gaza in January 2009 following the Israeli invasion . Communists of Catalonia . At the PCCs 12th Congress in Cotxeres de Sants in January 2010 Nuet was elected secretary-general unanimously . In February 2011 ICV–EUiA nominated Joan Saura , despite the objections of EUiA , to be its representative in the Senate resulting in Nuet losing his seat . Nuet contested the 2011 general election as a Plural Left electoral alliance candidate in the Province of Barcelona and was elected to the Congress of Deputies . He was elected the EUiAs co-ordinator general in June 2012 after receiving 114 of the 134 votes ( 85% ) of the alliances national council . In November 2014 , at the Congress of Communist Unity held at the La Farga in LHospitalet de Llobregat , Nuet was elected secretary-general of the newly formed Communists of Catalonia . Nuet contested the 2015 regional election as a Catalunya Sí que es Pot electoral alliance candidate in the Province of Barcelona and was elected to the Parliament of Catalonia . He was elected to the Board of the Parliament of Catalonia as Third Secretary on 26 October 2015 . Nuet was elected a member to the executive committee of Un País en Comú ( Catalunya en Comú ) at its founding assembly in Vall dHebron April 2017 . Catalan independence crisis . In June 2017 President of Catalonia Carles Puigdemont announced that a referendum on Catalan independence would be held on 1 October 2017 . The Catalan Parliament passed legislation on 6 September 2017 authorising the referendum which would be binding and based on a simple majority without a minimum threshold . The following day Constitutional Court of Spain suspended the legislation , blocking the referendum . The Spanish government put into effect Operation Anubis in order to disrupt the organisation of the referendum and arrested Catalan government officials . Despite this the referendum went ahead though it was boycotted by unionists and turnout was only 43% . 92% of those who voted supported independence . Around 900 people were injured as the Spanish police used violence to try to prevent voting in the referendum . On 27 October 2017 the Catalan Parliament declared independence in a vote boycotted by opposition MPs . Almost immediately the Senate of Spain invoked article 155 of the constitution , dismissing Puigdemont and the Catalan government and imposing direct rule on Catalonia . The following day Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy dissolved the Catalan Parliament and called for fresh regional elections on 21 December 2017 . On 30 October 2017 Spanish Attorney General José Manuel Maza laid charges of rebellion , sedition and misuse of public funds at the Supreme Court against Nuet and five other members of the Board of the Parliament of Catalonia ( Ramona Barrufet , Lluís Corominas , Carme Forcadell , Lluís Guinó and Anna Simó ) . The charges carried maximum sentences of 30 , 15 and 6 years in prison respectively . Nuet and the other members of the board appeared before Supreme Court judge Pablo Llarena on 9 November 2017 . Nuet was released without any precautionary measures but the other five had to pay bail ( €100,000 for Forcadell , €25,000 each for Barrufet , Corominas , Guinó and Simó ) , surrender their passport and present themselves at a court weekly . The bail bonds were paid by the Catalan National Assembly . After a four-month judicial investigation into the referendum and declaration of independence Supreme Court judge Pablo Llarena issued a 70-page ruling on 23 March 2018 in which he ordered that 25 of the 28 Catalan politicians and activists under investigation be tried for rebellion , embezzlement or disobedience . Nuet was charged with disobeying an order of the Constitutional Court ( article 410 of the criminal code ) . A pre-trial hearing commenced on 18 December 2018 at the Supreme Court at which defence lawyers argued that the court was not competent to hear charges of rebellion or disobedience and that it should be heard at the High Court of Justice of Catalonia . On 27 December 2018 the Supreme Court ruled that , although they were competent to hear all the charges , the six defendants charged only with disobedience ( Barrufet , Mireia Boya , Corominas , Guinó , Nuet and Simó ) would be tried at the High Court of Justice of Catalonia . Sobiranistes . Nuet was re-elected at the 2017 regional election . In October 2018 Nuet , Elisenda Alamany and others critical of the Catalunya en Comú leaderships lack of support for Catalan sovereigntism formed the Sobiranistes platform . In March 2019 Communists of Catalonia voted to include Nuet on the secessionist Republican Left of Catalonias ( ERC ) list of candidates for the 2019 general election . As a result , he was expelled from the Catalunya en Comú parliamentary group . On 18 March 2019 Nuet announced that he was resigning from the Parliament of Catalonia , leaving Catalunya en Comú and that he and the Sobiranistes would align themselves with ERC . Nuet contested the 2019 general election as a Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists electoral alliance candidate in the Province of Barcelona and was re-elected to the Congress of Deputies . Nuets decision to contest the general election in alliance with the ERC also led to criticism within EUiA and in June 2019 he announced he was leaving the EUiA . Personal life . Nuet is married and has a son .
|
[
"Party of the Communists of Catalonia"
] |
easy
|
Which party was Joan Josep Nuet a member of from 1986 to Nov 2014?
|
/wiki/Joan_Josep_Nuet#P102#1
|
Joan Josep Nuet Joan Josep Nuet i Pujals ( born 6 August 1964 ) is a Spanish politician from Catalonia who currently serves as Member of the Congress of Deputies of Spain . He was previously a member of the Senate of Spain and the Parliament of Catalonia . A member of the Party of the Communists of Catalonia since 1986 , Nuet became its secretary-general in January 2010 . He has been secretary-general of the Communists of Catalonia since its formation in November 2014 . He was co-ordinator general of the United and Alternative Left from June 2012 to June 2019 . Nuet was a member of Montcada i Reixac Municipal Council from 1991 to 2003 and served two terms as a deputy mayor . He was an appointed member of the Senate of Spain from December 2006 to February 2011 . He was a member of the Congress of Deputies from December 2011 to October 2015 and a member of the Parliament of Catalonia from October 2015 till his resignation in March 2019 . He was Third Secretary of the Parliament of Catalonia from October 2015 to October 2017 . He was elected to a second term in the Congress of Deputies at the 2019 general election . He is currently awaiting trial on charges of disobedience for his role in the Catalan declaration of independence . Early life . Nuet was born on 6 August 1964 in Reus , Catalonia . He is the son of Joan Nuet i Pallèja , a Republican veteran of the Battle of the Ebro , and Montserrat Pujals . He has a sister , Montserrat . Nuet left Reus in 1988 to study history in Tarragona , specialising in contemporary history . He lived in Barcelona for a couple of years before settling in Montcada i Reixac with his partner . Nuet has a degree in geography and history from the University of Barcelona . Career . Party of the Communists of Catalonia . Nuet joined the Party of the Communists of Catalonia ( PCC ) in 1986 and served as secretary-general of its youth wing , the Collectives of Young Communists – Communist Youth ( CJC-JC ) . One of his earliest political acts was campaigning against Spain joining NATO in the 1986 referendum . He was a member of Montcada i Reixac Municipal Council from 1991 to 2003 and was deputy mayor from 1991 to 1999 . He was a metropolitan councillor for the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona ( AMB ) from 1992 to 1999 . Nuet was one of the founders of the United and Alternative Left ( EUiA ) , the Catalan wing of the United Left ( IU ) , in 1998 and was a member of its national commission and the national council . At the 1999 regional election he was placed 36th on the EUiA electoral alliances list of candidates in the Province of Barcelona but the alliance failed to win any seats in the province and as a result he failed to get elected . Nuet took part in the negotiations that led to the 2002 electoral agreement between EUiA and Initiative for Catalonia Greens ( ICV ) . At the 2004 general election he was placed third on the Initiative for Catalonia Greens–United and Alternative Left ( ICV–EUiA ) electoral alliances list of candidates in the Province of Barcelona but the alliance only managed to win two seats in the province and as a result he failed to get elected . At the IUs 8th Assembly in December 2004 Nuet was elected to the IUs federal political council , federal executive presidency and federal permanent commission . In December 2006 Nuet was appointed to the Senate of Spain by the Parliament of Catalonia , replacing Jaume Bosch . At the 2008 general election Nuet was placed third on the ICV–EUiA electoral alliances list of candidates in the Province of Barcelona but the alliance only managed to win one seat in the province and as a result he failed to get elected . He was re-appointed to the Senate in March 2008 . At the IUs 9th Assembly in November 2008 Nuet headed the Nacional II list of candidates in the election of the IUs federal political council ( CPF ) which came in third , behind the lists headed by Cayo Lara and Inés Sabanés , after receiving 144 of the 761 votes ( 19% ) , translating into 17 out of 90 seats on the CPF . As none of the lists obtained more than 50% of the votes the 90 elected members of the CPF postponed electing a General Co-ordinator ( leader ) until the remaining 90 members of the CPF were appointed by the IUs various federations . At the meeting of the CPF on 14 December 2008 Nuet came second in the election for General Co-ordinator after receiving 29 of the 167 votes ( 17% ) , trailing behind Lara who received 92 votes . Nuet became the CPF member with responsibility for internal co-ordination and he was also a member of the IUs federal executive committee . Nuet was the only Spanish politician on board the Spirit of Humanity , the Free Gaza Movement ship that tried unsuccessfully to take humanitarian aid to Gaza in January 2009 following the Israeli invasion . Communists of Catalonia . At the PCCs 12th Congress in Cotxeres de Sants in January 2010 Nuet was elected secretary-general unanimously . In February 2011 ICV–EUiA nominated Joan Saura , despite the objections of EUiA , to be its representative in the Senate resulting in Nuet losing his seat . Nuet contested the 2011 general election as a Plural Left electoral alliance candidate in the Province of Barcelona and was elected to the Congress of Deputies . He was elected the EUiAs co-ordinator general in June 2012 after receiving 114 of the 134 votes ( 85% ) of the alliances national council . In November 2014 , at the Congress of Communist Unity held at the La Farga in LHospitalet de Llobregat , Nuet was elected secretary-general of the newly formed Communists of Catalonia . Nuet contested the 2015 regional election as a Catalunya Sí que es Pot electoral alliance candidate in the Province of Barcelona and was elected to the Parliament of Catalonia . He was elected to the Board of the Parliament of Catalonia as Third Secretary on 26 October 2015 . Nuet was elected a member to the executive committee of Un País en Comú ( Catalunya en Comú ) at its founding assembly in Vall dHebron April 2017 . Catalan independence crisis . In June 2017 President of Catalonia Carles Puigdemont announced that a referendum on Catalan independence would be held on 1 October 2017 . The Catalan Parliament passed legislation on 6 September 2017 authorising the referendum which would be binding and based on a simple majority without a minimum threshold . The following day Constitutional Court of Spain suspended the legislation , blocking the referendum . The Spanish government put into effect Operation Anubis in order to disrupt the organisation of the referendum and arrested Catalan government officials . Despite this the referendum went ahead though it was boycotted by unionists and turnout was only 43% . 92% of those who voted supported independence . Around 900 people were injured as the Spanish police used violence to try to prevent voting in the referendum . On 27 October 2017 the Catalan Parliament declared independence in a vote boycotted by opposition MPs . Almost immediately the Senate of Spain invoked article 155 of the constitution , dismissing Puigdemont and the Catalan government and imposing direct rule on Catalonia . The following day Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy dissolved the Catalan Parliament and called for fresh regional elections on 21 December 2017 . On 30 October 2017 Spanish Attorney General José Manuel Maza laid charges of rebellion , sedition and misuse of public funds at the Supreme Court against Nuet and five other members of the Board of the Parliament of Catalonia ( Ramona Barrufet , Lluís Corominas , Carme Forcadell , Lluís Guinó and Anna Simó ) . The charges carried maximum sentences of 30 , 15 and 6 years in prison respectively . Nuet and the other members of the board appeared before Supreme Court judge Pablo Llarena on 9 November 2017 . Nuet was released without any precautionary measures but the other five had to pay bail ( €100,000 for Forcadell , €25,000 each for Barrufet , Corominas , Guinó and Simó ) , surrender their passport and present themselves at a court weekly . The bail bonds were paid by the Catalan National Assembly . After a four-month judicial investigation into the referendum and declaration of independence Supreme Court judge Pablo Llarena issued a 70-page ruling on 23 March 2018 in which he ordered that 25 of the 28 Catalan politicians and activists under investigation be tried for rebellion , embezzlement or disobedience . Nuet was charged with disobeying an order of the Constitutional Court ( article 410 of the criminal code ) . A pre-trial hearing commenced on 18 December 2018 at the Supreme Court at which defence lawyers argued that the court was not competent to hear charges of rebellion or disobedience and that it should be heard at the High Court of Justice of Catalonia . On 27 December 2018 the Supreme Court ruled that , although they were competent to hear all the charges , the six defendants charged only with disobedience ( Barrufet , Mireia Boya , Corominas , Guinó , Nuet and Simó ) would be tried at the High Court of Justice of Catalonia . Sobiranistes . Nuet was re-elected at the 2017 regional election . In October 2018 Nuet , Elisenda Alamany and others critical of the Catalunya en Comú leaderships lack of support for Catalan sovereigntism formed the Sobiranistes platform . In March 2019 Communists of Catalonia voted to include Nuet on the secessionist Republican Left of Catalonias ( ERC ) list of candidates for the 2019 general election . As a result , he was expelled from the Catalunya en Comú parliamentary group . On 18 March 2019 Nuet announced that he was resigning from the Parliament of Catalonia , leaving Catalunya en Comú and that he and the Sobiranistes would align themselves with ERC . Nuet contested the 2019 general election as a Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists electoral alliance candidate in the Province of Barcelona and was re-elected to the Congress of Deputies . Nuets decision to contest the general election in alliance with the ERC also led to criticism within EUiA and in June 2019 he announced he was leaving the EUiA . Personal life . Nuet is married and has a son .
|
[
"Communists of Catalonia"
] |
easy
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Which party was Joan Josep Nuet a member of from Nov 2014 to 2017?
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/wiki/Joan_Josep_Nuet#P102#2
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Joan Josep Nuet Joan Josep Nuet i Pujals ( born 6 August 1964 ) is a Spanish politician from Catalonia who currently serves as Member of the Congress of Deputies of Spain . He was previously a member of the Senate of Spain and the Parliament of Catalonia . A member of the Party of the Communists of Catalonia since 1986 , Nuet became its secretary-general in January 2010 . He has been secretary-general of the Communists of Catalonia since its formation in November 2014 . He was co-ordinator general of the United and Alternative Left from June 2012 to June 2019 . Nuet was a member of Montcada i Reixac Municipal Council from 1991 to 2003 and served two terms as a deputy mayor . He was an appointed member of the Senate of Spain from December 2006 to February 2011 . He was a member of the Congress of Deputies from December 2011 to October 2015 and a member of the Parliament of Catalonia from October 2015 till his resignation in March 2019 . He was Third Secretary of the Parliament of Catalonia from October 2015 to October 2017 . He was elected to a second term in the Congress of Deputies at the 2019 general election . He is currently awaiting trial on charges of disobedience for his role in the Catalan declaration of independence . Early life . Nuet was born on 6 August 1964 in Reus , Catalonia . He is the son of Joan Nuet i Pallèja , a Republican veteran of the Battle of the Ebro , and Montserrat Pujals . He has a sister , Montserrat . Nuet left Reus in 1988 to study history in Tarragona , specialising in contemporary history . He lived in Barcelona for a couple of years before settling in Montcada i Reixac with his partner . Nuet has a degree in geography and history from the University of Barcelona . Career . Party of the Communists of Catalonia . Nuet joined the Party of the Communists of Catalonia ( PCC ) in 1986 and served as secretary-general of its youth wing , the Collectives of Young Communists – Communist Youth ( CJC-JC ) . One of his earliest political acts was campaigning against Spain joining NATO in the 1986 referendum . He was a member of Montcada i Reixac Municipal Council from 1991 to 2003 and was deputy mayor from 1991 to 1999 . He was a metropolitan councillor for the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona ( AMB ) from 1992 to 1999 . Nuet was one of the founders of the United and Alternative Left ( EUiA ) , the Catalan wing of the United Left ( IU ) , in 1998 and was a member of its national commission and the national council . At the 1999 regional election he was placed 36th on the EUiA electoral alliances list of candidates in the Province of Barcelona but the alliance failed to win any seats in the province and as a result he failed to get elected . Nuet took part in the negotiations that led to the 2002 electoral agreement between EUiA and Initiative for Catalonia Greens ( ICV ) . At the 2004 general election he was placed third on the Initiative for Catalonia Greens–United and Alternative Left ( ICV–EUiA ) electoral alliances list of candidates in the Province of Barcelona but the alliance only managed to win two seats in the province and as a result he failed to get elected . At the IUs 8th Assembly in December 2004 Nuet was elected to the IUs federal political council , federal executive presidency and federal permanent commission . In December 2006 Nuet was appointed to the Senate of Spain by the Parliament of Catalonia , replacing Jaume Bosch . At the 2008 general election Nuet was placed third on the ICV–EUiA electoral alliances list of candidates in the Province of Barcelona but the alliance only managed to win one seat in the province and as a result he failed to get elected . He was re-appointed to the Senate in March 2008 . At the IUs 9th Assembly in November 2008 Nuet headed the Nacional II list of candidates in the election of the IUs federal political council ( CPF ) which came in third , behind the lists headed by Cayo Lara and Inés Sabanés , after receiving 144 of the 761 votes ( 19% ) , translating into 17 out of 90 seats on the CPF . As none of the lists obtained more than 50% of the votes the 90 elected members of the CPF postponed electing a General Co-ordinator ( leader ) until the remaining 90 members of the CPF were appointed by the IUs various federations . At the meeting of the CPF on 14 December 2008 Nuet came second in the election for General Co-ordinator after receiving 29 of the 167 votes ( 17% ) , trailing behind Lara who received 92 votes . Nuet became the CPF member with responsibility for internal co-ordination and he was also a member of the IUs federal executive committee . Nuet was the only Spanish politician on board the Spirit of Humanity , the Free Gaza Movement ship that tried unsuccessfully to take humanitarian aid to Gaza in January 2009 following the Israeli invasion . Communists of Catalonia . At the PCCs 12th Congress in Cotxeres de Sants in January 2010 Nuet was elected secretary-general unanimously . In February 2011 ICV–EUiA nominated Joan Saura , despite the objections of EUiA , to be its representative in the Senate resulting in Nuet losing his seat . Nuet contested the 2011 general election as a Plural Left electoral alliance candidate in the Province of Barcelona and was elected to the Congress of Deputies . He was elected the EUiAs co-ordinator general in June 2012 after receiving 114 of the 134 votes ( 85% ) of the alliances national council . In November 2014 , at the Congress of Communist Unity held at the La Farga in LHospitalet de Llobregat , Nuet was elected secretary-general of the newly formed Communists of Catalonia . Nuet contested the 2015 regional election as a Catalunya Sí que es Pot electoral alliance candidate in the Province of Barcelona and was elected to the Parliament of Catalonia . He was elected to the Board of the Parliament of Catalonia as Third Secretary on 26 October 2015 . Nuet was elected a member to the executive committee of Un País en Comú ( Catalunya en Comú ) at its founding assembly in Vall dHebron April 2017 . Catalan independence crisis . In June 2017 President of Catalonia Carles Puigdemont announced that a referendum on Catalan independence would be held on 1 October 2017 . The Catalan Parliament passed legislation on 6 September 2017 authorising the referendum which would be binding and based on a simple majority without a minimum threshold . The following day Constitutional Court of Spain suspended the legislation , blocking the referendum . The Spanish government put into effect Operation Anubis in order to disrupt the organisation of the referendum and arrested Catalan government officials . Despite this the referendum went ahead though it was boycotted by unionists and turnout was only 43% . 92% of those who voted supported independence . Around 900 people were injured as the Spanish police used violence to try to prevent voting in the referendum . On 27 October 2017 the Catalan Parliament declared independence in a vote boycotted by opposition MPs . Almost immediately the Senate of Spain invoked article 155 of the constitution , dismissing Puigdemont and the Catalan government and imposing direct rule on Catalonia . The following day Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy dissolved the Catalan Parliament and called for fresh regional elections on 21 December 2017 . On 30 October 2017 Spanish Attorney General José Manuel Maza laid charges of rebellion , sedition and misuse of public funds at the Supreme Court against Nuet and five other members of the Board of the Parliament of Catalonia ( Ramona Barrufet , Lluís Corominas , Carme Forcadell , Lluís Guinó and Anna Simó ) . The charges carried maximum sentences of 30 , 15 and 6 years in prison respectively . Nuet and the other members of the board appeared before Supreme Court judge Pablo Llarena on 9 November 2017 . Nuet was released without any precautionary measures but the other five had to pay bail ( €100,000 for Forcadell , €25,000 each for Barrufet , Corominas , Guinó and Simó ) , surrender their passport and present themselves at a court weekly . The bail bonds were paid by the Catalan National Assembly . After a four-month judicial investigation into the referendum and declaration of independence Supreme Court judge Pablo Llarena issued a 70-page ruling on 23 March 2018 in which he ordered that 25 of the 28 Catalan politicians and activists under investigation be tried for rebellion , embezzlement or disobedience . Nuet was charged with disobeying an order of the Constitutional Court ( article 410 of the criminal code ) . A pre-trial hearing commenced on 18 December 2018 at the Supreme Court at which defence lawyers argued that the court was not competent to hear charges of rebellion or disobedience and that it should be heard at the High Court of Justice of Catalonia . On 27 December 2018 the Supreme Court ruled that , although they were competent to hear all the charges , the six defendants charged only with disobedience ( Barrufet , Mireia Boya , Corominas , Guinó , Nuet and Simó ) would be tried at the High Court of Justice of Catalonia . Sobiranistes . Nuet was re-elected at the 2017 regional election . In October 2018 Nuet , Elisenda Alamany and others critical of the Catalunya en Comú leaderships lack of support for Catalan sovereigntism formed the Sobiranistes platform . In March 2019 Communists of Catalonia voted to include Nuet on the secessionist Republican Left of Catalonias ( ERC ) list of candidates for the 2019 general election . As a result , he was expelled from the Catalunya en Comú parliamentary group . On 18 March 2019 Nuet announced that he was resigning from the Parliament of Catalonia , leaving Catalunya en Comú and that he and the Sobiranistes would align themselves with ERC . Nuet contested the 2019 general election as a Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists electoral alliance candidate in the Province of Barcelona and was re-elected to the Congress of Deputies . Nuets decision to contest the general election in alliance with the ERC also led to criticism within EUiA and in June 2019 he announced he was leaving the EUiA . Personal life . Nuet is married and has a son .
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[
"Catalunya en Comú"
] |
easy
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Which political party did Joan Josep Nuet belong to from 2017 to 2018?
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/wiki/Joan_Josep_Nuet#P102#3
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Joan Josep Nuet Joan Josep Nuet i Pujals ( born 6 August 1964 ) is a Spanish politician from Catalonia who currently serves as Member of the Congress of Deputies of Spain . He was previously a member of the Senate of Spain and the Parliament of Catalonia . A member of the Party of the Communists of Catalonia since 1986 , Nuet became its secretary-general in January 2010 . He has been secretary-general of the Communists of Catalonia since its formation in November 2014 . He was co-ordinator general of the United and Alternative Left from June 2012 to June 2019 . Nuet was a member of Montcada i Reixac Municipal Council from 1991 to 2003 and served two terms as a deputy mayor . He was an appointed member of the Senate of Spain from December 2006 to February 2011 . He was a member of the Congress of Deputies from December 2011 to October 2015 and a member of the Parliament of Catalonia from October 2015 till his resignation in March 2019 . He was Third Secretary of the Parliament of Catalonia from October 2015 to October 2017 . He was elected to a second term in the Congress of Deputies at the 2019 general election . He is currently awaiting trial on charges of disobedience for his role in the Catalan declaration of independence . Early life . Nuet was born on 6 August 1964 in Reus , Catalonia . He is the son of Joan Nuet i Pallèja , a Republican veteran of the Battle of the Ebro , and Montserrat Pujals . He has a sister , Montserrat . Nuet left Reus in 1988 to study history in Tarragona , specialising in contemporary history . He lived in Barcelona for a couple of years before settling in Montcada i Reixac with his partner . Nuet has a degree in geography and history from the University of Barcelona . Career . Party of the Communists of Catalonia . Nuet joined the Party of the Communists of Catalonia ( PCC ) in 1986 and served as secretary-general of its youth wing , the Collectives of Young Communists – Communist Youth ( CJC-JC ) . One of his earliest political acts was campaigning against Spain joining NATO in the 1986 referendum . He was a member of Montcada i Reixac Municipal Council from 1991 to 2003 and was deputy mayor from 1991 to 1999 . He was a metropolitan councillor for the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona ( AMB ) from 1992 to 1999 . Nuet was one of the founders of the United and Alternative Left ( EUiA ) , the Catalan wing of the United Left ( IU ) , in 1998 and was a member of its national commission and the national council . At the 1999 regional election he was placed 36th on the EUiA electoral alliances list of candidates in the Province of Barcelona but the alliance failed to win any seats in the province and as a result he failed to get elected . Nuet took part in the negotiations that led to the 2002 electoral agreement between EUiA and Initiative for Catalonia Greens ( ICV ) . At the 2004 general election he was placed third on the Initiative for Catalonia Greens–United and Alternative Left ( ICV–EUiA ) electoral alliances list of candidates in the Province of Barcelona but the alliance only managed to win two seats in the province and as a result he failed to get elected . At the IUs 8th Assembly in December 2004 Nuet was elected to the IUs federal political council , federal executive presidency and federal permanent commission . In December 2006 Nuet was appointed to the Senate of Spain by the Parliament of Catalonia , replacing Jaume Bosch . At the 2008 general election Nuet was placed third on the ICV–EUiA electoral alliances list of candidates in the Province of Barcelona but the alliance only managed to win one seat in the province and as a result he failed to get elected . He was re-appointed to the Senate in March 2008 . At the IUs 9th Assembly in November 2008 Nuet headed the Nacional II list of candidates in the election of the IUs federal political council ( CPF ) which came in third , behind the lists headed by Cayo Lara and Inés Sabanés , after receiving 144 of the 761 votes ( 19% ) , translating into 17 out of 90 seats on the CPF . As none of the lists obtained more than 50% of the votes the 90 elected members of the CPF postponed electing a General Co-ordinator ( leader ) until the remaining 90 members of the CPF were appointed by the IUs various federations . At the meeting of the CPF on 14 December 2008 Nuet came second in the election for General Co-ordinator after receiving 29 of the 167 votes ( 17% ) , trailing behind Lara who received 92 votes . Nuet became the CPF member with responsibility for internal co-ordination and he was also a member of the IUs federal executive committee . Nuet was the only Spanish politician on board the Spirit of Humanity , the Free Gaza Movement ship that tried unsuccessfully to take humanitarian aid to Gaza in January 2009 following the Israeli invasion . Communists of Catalonia . At the PCCs 12th Congress in Cotxeres de Sants in January 2010 Nuet was elected secretary-general unanimously . In February 2011 ICV–EUiA nominated Joan Saura , despite the objections of EUiA , to be its representative in the Senate resulting in Nuet losing his seat . Nuet contested the 2011 general election as a Plural Left electoral alliance candidate in the Province of Barcelona and was elected to the Congress of Deputies . He was elected the EUiAs co-ordinator general in June 2012 after receiving 114 of the 134 votes ( 85% ) of the alliances national council . In November 2014 , at the Congress of Communist Unity held at the La Farga in LHospitalet de Llobregat , Nuet was elected secretary-general of the newly formed Communists of Catalonia . Nuet contested the 2015 regional election as a Catalunya Sí que es Pot electoral alliance candidate in the Province of Barcelona and was elected to the Parliament of Catalonia . He was elected to the Board of the Parliament of Catalonia as Third Secretary on 26 October 2015 . Nuet was elected a member to the executive committee of Un País en Comú ( Catalunya en Comú ) at its founding assembly in Vall dHebron April 2017 . Catalan independence crisis . In June 2017 President of Catalonia Carles Puigdemont announced that a referendum on Catalan independence would be held on 1 October 2017 . The Catalan Parliament passed legislation on 6 September 2017 authorising the referendum which would be binding and based on a simple majority without a minimum threshold . The following day Constitutional Court of Spain suspended the legislation , blocking the referendum . The Spanish government put into effect Operation Anubis in order to disrupt the organisation of the referendum and arrested Catalan government officials . Despite this the referendum went ahead though it was boycotted by unionists and turnout was only 43% . 92% of those who voted supported independence . Around 900 people were injured as the Spanish police used violence to try to prevent voting in the referendum . On 27 October 2017 the Catalan Parliament declared independence in a vote boycotted by opposition MPs . Almost immediately the Senate of Spain invoked article 155 of the constitution , dismissing Puigdemont and the Catalan government and imposing direct rule on Catalonia . The following day Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy dissolved the Catalan Parliament and called for fresh regional elections on 21 December 2017 . On 30 October 2017 Spanish Attorney General José Manuel Maza laid charges of rebellion , sedition and misuse of public funds at the Supreme Court against Nuet and five other members of the Board of the Parliament of Catalonia ( Ramona Barrufet , Lluís Corominas , Carme Forcadell , Lluís Guinó and Anna Simó ) . The charges carried maximum sentences of 30 , 15 and 6 years in prison respectively . Nuet and the other members of the board appeared before Supreme Court judge Pablo Llarena on 9 November 2017 . Nuet was released without any precautionary measures but the other five had to pay bail ( €100,000 for Forcadell , €25,000 each for Barrufet , Corominas , Guinó and Simó ) , surrender their passport and present themselves at a court weekly . The bail bonds were paid by the Catalan National Assembly . After a four-month judicial investigation into the referendum and declaration of independence Supreme Court judge Pablo Llarena issued a 70-page ruling on 23 March 2018 in which he ordered that 25 of the 28 Catalan politicians and activists under investigation be tried for rebellion , embezzlement or disobedience . Nuet was charged with disobeying an order of the Constitutional Court ( article 410 of the criminal code ) . A pre-trial hearing commenced on 18 December 2018 at the Supreme Court at which defence lawyers argued that the court was not competent to hear charges of rebellion or disobedience and that it should be heard at the High Court of Justice of Catalonia . On 27 December 2018 the Supreme Court ruled that , although they were competent to hear all the charges , the six defendants charged only with disobedience ( Barrufet , Mireia Boya , Corominas , Guinó , Nuet and Simó ) would be tried at the High Court of Justice of Catalonia . Sobiranistes . Nuet was re-elected at the 2017 regional election . In October 2018 Nuet , Elisenda Alamany and others critical of the Catalunya en Comú leaderships lack of support for Catalan sovereigntism formed the Sobiranistes platform . In March 2019 Communists of Catalonia voted to include Nuet on the secessionist Republican Left of Catalonias ( ERC ) list of candidates for the 2019 general election . As a result , he was expelled from the Catalunya en Comú parliamentary group . On 18 March 2019 Nuet announced that he was resigning from the Parliament of Catalonia , leaving Catalunya en Comú and that he and the Sobiranistes would align themselves with ERC . Nuet contested the 2019 general election as a Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists electoral alliance candidate in the Province of Barcelona and was re-elected to the Congress of Deputies . Nuets decision to contest the general election in alliance with the ERC also led to criticism within EUiA and in June 2019 he announced he was leaving the EUiA . Personal life . Nuet is married and has a son .
|
[
"Sobiranistes"
] |
easy
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Which political party did Joan Josep Nuet belong to from 2018 to 2019?
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/wiki/Joan_Josep_Nuet#P102#4
|
Joan Josep Nuet Joan Josep Nuet i Pujals ( born 6 August 1964 ) is a Spanish politician from Catalonia who currently serves as Member of the Congress of Deputies of Spain . He was previously a member of the Senate of Spain and the Parliament of Catalonia . A member of the Party of the Communists of Catalonia since 1986 , Nuet became its secretary-general in January 2010 . He has been secretary-general of the Communists of Catalonia since its formation in November 2014 . He was co-ordinator general of the United and Alternative Left from June 2012 to June 2019 . Nuet was a member of Montcada i Reixac Municipal Council from 1991 to 2003 and served two terms as a deputy mayor . He was an appointed member of the Senate of Spain from December 2006 to February 2011 . He was a member of the Congress of Deputies from December 2011 to October 2015 and a member of the Parliament of Catalonia from October 2015 till his resignation in March 2019 . He was Third Secretary of the Parliament of Catalonia from October 2015 to October 2017 . He was elected to a second term in the Congress of Deputies at the 2019 general election . He is currently awaiting trial on charges of disobedience for his role in the Catalan declaration of independence . Early life . Nuet was born on 6 August 1964 in Reus , Catalonia . He is the son of Joan Nuet i Pallèja , a Republican veteran of the Battle of the Ebro , and Montserrat Pujals . He has a sister , Montserrat . Nuet left Reus in 1988 to study history in Tarragona , specialising in contemporary history . He lived in Barcelona for a couple of years before settling in Montcada i Reixac with his partner . Nuet has a degree in geography and history from the University of Barcelona . Career . Party of the Communists of Catalonia . Nuet joined the Party of the Communists of Catalonia ( PCC ) in 1986 and served as secretary-general of its youth wing , the Collectives of Young Communists – Communist Youth ( CJC-JC ) . One of his earliest political acts was campaigning against Spain joining NATO in the 1986 referendum . He was a member of Montcada i Reixac Municipal Council from 1991 to 2003 and was deputy mayor from 1991 to 1999 . He was a metropolitan councillor for the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona ( AMB ) from 1992 to 1999 . Nuet was one of the founders of the United and Alternative Left ( EUiA ) , the Catalan wing of the United Left ( IU ) , in 1998 and was a member of its national commission and the national council . At the 1999 regional election he was placed 36th on the EUiA electoral alliances list of candidates in the Province of Barcelona but the alliance failed to win any seats in the province and as a result he failed to get elected . Nuet took part in the negotiations that led to the 2002 electoral agreement between EUiA and Initiative for Catalonia Greens ( ICV ) . At the 2004 general election he was placed third on the Initiative for Catalonia Greens–United and Alternative Left ( ICV–EUiA ) electoral alliances list of candidates in the Province of Barcelona but the alliance only managed to win two seats in the province and as a result he failed to get elected . At the IUs 8th Assembly in December 2004 Nuet was elected to the IUs federal political council , federal executive presidency and federal permanent commission . In December 2006 Nuet was appointed to the Senate of Spain by the Parliament of Catalonia , replacing Jaume Bosch . At the 2008 general election Nuet was placed third on the ICV–EUiA electoral alliances list of candidates in the Province of Barcelona but the alliance only managed to win one seat in the province and as a result he failed to get elected . He was re-appointed to the Senate in March 2008 . At the IUs 9th Assembly in November 2008 Nuet headed the Nacional II list of candidates in the election of the IUs federal political council ( CPF ) which came in third , behind the lists headed by Cayo Lara and Inés Sabanés , after receiving 144 of the 761 votes ( 19% ) , translating into 17 out of 90 seats on the CPF . As none of the lists obtained more than 50% of the votes the 90 elected members of the CPF postponed electing a General Co-ordinator ( leader ) until the remaining 90 members of the CPF were appointed by the IUs various federations . At the meeting of the CPF on 14 December 2008 Nuet came second in the election for General Co-ordinator after receiving 29 of the 167 votes ( 17% ) , trailing behind Lara who received 92 votes . Nuet became the CPF member with responsibility for internal co-ordination and he was also a member of the IUs federal executive committee . Nuet was the only Spanish politician on board the Spirit of Humanity , the Free Gaza Movement ship that tried unsuccessfully to take humanitarian aid to Gaza in January 2009 following the Israeli invasion . Communists of Catalonia . At the PCCs 12th Congress in Cotxeres de Sants in January 2010 Nuet was elected secretary-general unanimously . In February 2011 ICV–EUiA nominated Joan Saura , despite the objections of EUiA , to be its representative in the Senate resulting in Nuet losing his seat . Nuet contested the 2011 general election as a Plural Left electoral alliance candidate in the Province of Barcelona and was elected to the Congress of Deputies . He was elected the EUiAs co-ordinator general in June 2012 after receiving 114 of the 134 votes ( 85% ) of the alliances national council . In November 2014 , at the Congress of Communist Unity held at the La Farga in LHospitalet de Llobregat , Nuet was elected secretary-general of the newly formed Communists of Catalonia . Nuet contested the 2015 regional election as a Catalunya Sí que es Pot electoral alliance candidate in the Province of Barcelona and was elected to the Parliament of Catalonia . He was elected to the Board of the Parliament of Catalonia as Third Secretary on 26 October 2015 . Nuet was elected a member to the executive committee of Un País en Comú ( Catalunya en Comú ) at its founding assembly in Vall dHebron April 2017 . Catalan independence crisis . In June 2017 President of Catalonia Carles Puigdemont announced that a referendum on Catalan independence would be held on 1 October 2017 . The Catalan Parliament passed legislation on 6 September 2017 authorising the referendum which would be binding and based on a simple majority without a minimum threshold . The following day Constitutional Court of Spain suspended the legislation , blocking the referendum . The Spanish government put into effect Operation Anubis in order to disrupt the organisation of the referendum and arrested Catalan government officials . Despite this the referendum went ahead though it was boycotted by unionists and turnout was only 43% . 92% of those who voted supported independence . Around 900 people were injured as the Spanish police used violence to try to prevent voting in the referendum . On 27 October 2017 the Catalan Parliament declared independence in a vote boycotted by opposition MPs . Almost immediately the Senate of Spain invoked article 155 of the constitution , dismissing Puigdemont and the Catalan government and imposing direct rule on Catalonia . The following day Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy dissolved the Catalan Parliament and called for fresh regional elections on 21 December 2017 . On 30 October 2017 Spanish Attorney General José Manuel Maza laid charges of rebellion , sedition and misuse of public funds at the Supreme Court against Nuet and five other members of the Board of the Parliament of Catalonia ( Ramona Barrufet , Lluís Corominas , Carme Forcadell , Lluís Guinó and Anna Simó ) . The charges carried maximum sentences of 30 , 15 and 6 years in prison respectively . Nuet and the other members of the board appeared before Supreme Court judge Pablo Llarena on 9 November 2017 . Nuet was released without any precautionary measures but the other five had to pay bail ( €100,000 for Forcadell , €25,000 each for Barrufet , Corominas , Guinó and Simó ) , surrender their passport and present themselves at a court weekly . The bail bonds were paid by the Catalan National Assembly . After a four-month judicial investigation into the referendum and declaration of independence Supreme Court judge Pablo Llarena issued a 70-page ruling on 23 March 2018 in which he ordered that 25 of the 28 Catalan politicians and activists under investigation be tried for rebellion , embezzlement or disobedience . Nuet was charged with disobeying an order of the Constitutional Court ( article 410 of the criminal code ) . A pre-trial hearing commenced on 18 December 2018 at the Supreme Court at which defence lawyers argued that the court was not competent to hear charges of rebellion or disobedience and that it should be heard at the High Court of Justice of Catalonia . On 27 December 2018 the Supreme Court ruled that , although they were competent to hear all the charges , the six defendants charged only with disobedience ( Barrufet , Mireia Boya , Corominas , Guinó , Nuet and Simó ) would be tried at the High Court of Justice of Catalonia . Sobiranistes . Nuet was re-elected at the 2017 regional election . In October 2018 Nuet , Elisenda Alamany and others critical of the Catalunya en Comú leaderships lack of support for Catalan sovereigntism formed the Sobiranistes platform . In March 2019 Communists of Catalonia voted to include Nuet on the secessionist Republican Left of Catalonias ( ERC ) list of candidates for the 2019 general election . As a result , he was expelled from the Catalunya en Comú parliamentary group . On 18 March 2019 Nuet announced that he was resigning from the Parliament of Catalonia , leaving Catalunya en Comú and that he and the Sobiranistes would align themselves with ERC . Nuet contested the 2019 general election as a Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists electoral alliance candidate in the Province of Barcelona and was re-elected to the Congress of Deputies . Nuets decision to contest the general election in alliance with the ERC also led to criticism within EUiA and in June 2019 he announced he was leaving the EUiA . Personal life . Nuet is married and has a son .
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[
""
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easy
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What was the residence of Gustaf Tenggren from 1919 to 1920?
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/wiki/Gustaf_Tenggren#P551#0
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Gustaf Tenggren Gustaf Adolf Tenggren ( November 3 , 1896 – April 9 , 1970 ) was a Swedish-American illustrator . He is known for his Arthur Rackham-influenced fairy-tale style and use of silhouetted figures with caricatured faces . Tenggren was a chief illustrator for The Walt Disney Company in the late 1930s , in what has been called the Golden Age of American animation , when animated feature films such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , Fantasia , Bambi and Pinocchio were produced . Early career . Gustaf Tenggren was born in 1896 in Magra parish ( now part of Alingsås Municipality ) , in Västra Götaland County , Sweden . In 1913 he received a scholarship to study painting at Valand , the art school in Gothenburg , Sweden . Tenggrens early schooling and artistic influences were solidly grounded in Scandinavian techniques , motifs and myths ; he worked with illustrating in the popular Swedish folklore and fairy tales annual Bland Tomtar och Troll ( Among Gnomes and Trolls ) , where he succeeded illustrator John Bauer . After his first exhibition in 1920 , Tenggren immigrated to the U.S . where he joined his sister in Cleveland , Ohio . Moving to New York City in 1922 , he made a name for himself in magazine illustration and advertising , while continuing to illustrate childrens books . Disney Company . In the 1920s , while continuing to illustrate a large number of childrens books , Tenggren worked consistently in advertising up until the Great Depression ; in 1936 , he was hired by Walt Disney Productions , to work as a chief illustrator with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs . Tenggren was not only a concept artist on this movie , but he did much of the illustrations for the non-animated tie-ins to the film , most notably the serialized version of Snow White which was featured in two successive issues of Good Housekeeping Magazine just prior to the films release . He later worked with productions such as Bambi and Pinocchio , as well as backgrounds and atmospheres of films such as The Ugly Duckling and The Old Mill . Childrens books . Although his work for Disney was still in the Rackham fairy-tale illustration style , after he left the studio he never painted that way again . From 1942 to 1962 , Tenggren worked for Little Golden Books with illustrations for childrens books such as Saggy Baggy Elephant , Tawny Scrawny Lion , The Shy Little Kitten , Little Black Sambo , and The Poky Little Puppy , which became the single all-time best-selling hardcover childrens book in English ; and King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table , Emma Gelders Sternes retelling of the Arthurian Legend . During these years his production increased , as did the marketability of his name with a stream of Tenggren books . After he moved to the United States in 1920 , he never returned to Sweden again . Gustaf Tenggren died in 1970 at Dogfish Head in Southport , Maine . Legacy . Although the name Gustaf Tenggren remains relatively unknown , his work is widely recognized , both that in the Disney films and his work in the Little Golden Books . After his death , much of his non-Disney art was donated to the University of Minnesota to be included in the Kerlan Collection , a special library focusing on childrens literature . In memory of Gustaf Tenggren , a bronze sculpture of Pinocchio , designed by the American pop artist Jim Dine , has been erected in downtown Borås , a city south of Tenggrens birthplace . At the cost of SEK 9.5 million , the Pinocchio sculpture was supposed to be paid for by private donations . The statue was erected on a tiered pedestal at the beginning of Allégatan , a main street in the center of Borås at the start of the Borås Festival of the Arts on May16 , 2008 . Filmography . Illustrations . - Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs ( 1937 ) - Pinocchio ( 1940 ) - Fantasia ( Night on Bald Mountain/Ave Maria segment ) ( 1940 ) - Bambi ( 1942 ) Background illustrations . - Little Hiawatha ( 1937 ) - The Old Mill ( 1937 ) - The Ugly Duckling ( 1939 ) Illustrated works . 1927 - Small Fry and the Winged Horse , Ruth Campbell 1932 - The Ring of the Nibelung , Gertrude Henderson 1938 - Stories from a Magic World , Elizabeth Woodruff 1942 - Runaway Home , Elizabeth Coatsworth - Bedtime Stories , Gustaf Tenggren - The Poky Little Puppy , Janette Sebring Lowrey - The Tenggren Tell-it-Again Book , Katharine Gibson 1943 - The Lively Little Rabbit , George Duplaix - The Story of England , Beatrice Curtis Brown - Stories from the Great Metropolitan Opera , Helen Dike - Sing for Christmas , Opal Wheeler 1944 - Little Match Girl , Hans Christian Andersen - Sing For America , Opal Wheeler - Tenggrens Story Book , Gustaf Tenggren 1946 - Farm Stories , Kathryn and Byron Jackson - The Shy Little Kitten , Cathleen Schurr 1947 - The Big Brown Bear , George Duplaix - The Saggy Baggy Elephant , Kathryn and Byron Jackson 1948 - Little Black Sambo , Helen Bannerman - Cowboys and Indians , Kathryn and Byron Jackson 1950 - The Little Trapper , Kathryn & Byron Jackson - Pirates , Ships and Sailors , Kathryn and Byron Jackson 1951 - The Night Before Christmas , Clement C . Moore 1952 - The Tawny Scrawny Lion , Kathryn and Byron Jackson 1953 - Thumbelina , Hans Christian Andersen - Topsy Turvy Circus , George Duplaix - Jack and the Beanstalk , English Folk Tale 1954 - The Golden Goose , Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1955 - The Giant with the Three Golden Hairs , Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm - Snow White and Rose Red , Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1957 - Golden Tales from Arabian Nights , Margaret Seifer and Irving Shapiro 1959 - The Lion´s Paw : A Tale of African Animals , Jane Werner Watson 1961 - The Canterbury Tales , A . Kent Hieatt and Constance Hieatt References . - Conrad , JoAnn . Fantasy Imaginaries and Landscapes of Desire : Gustaf Tenggren’s Forgotten Decades - John Canemaker , Before the animation begins : the art and lives of Disney inspirational sketch artists , New York : Hyperion , 1996 - Steve Santi , Illustrators/Authors-Collecting Little Golden Books , Florence , Alabama : Books Americana , 1989 - From Swedish fairy tales to American fantasy : Gustaf Tenggrens illustrations 1920-1970 , Minneapolis : University Art Museum , University of Minnesota , 1986 - Pinocchio delar Borås befolkning , by Lars Råde , in the Expressen , March 24 , 2006 - Kultur Väst : Jim Dines Pinoccio har landat - Notes External links . - Gustaf Tenggrens World - International Animated Film Society : Gustaf Tenggrens Small Fry and the Winged Horse - Gustaf Tenggren - Västgöten som ritade sagofigurer åt Walt Disney - BPIB : Gustaf Tenggren - ASIFA-Hollywood Animation Archive Biopedia - Tenggrens Grimms Fairy Tales - Gustaf Adolf Tenggren artwork can be viewed at American Art Archives web site - Pinocchio — or Walking to Borås
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Where did Gustaf Tenggren live from 1920 to 1923?
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/wiki/Gustaf_Tenggren#P551#1
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Gustaf Tenggren Gustaf Adolf Tenggren ( November 3 , 1896 – April 9 , 1970 ) was a Swedish-American illustrator . He is known for his Arthur Rackham-influenced fairy-tale style and use of silhouetted figures with caricatured faces . Tenggren was a chief illustrator for The Walt Disney Company in the late 1930s , in what has been called the Golden Age of American animation , when animated feature films such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , Fantasia , Bambi and Pinocchio were produced . Early career . Gustaf Tenggren was born in 1896 in Magra parish ( now part of Alingsås Municipality ) , in Västra Götaland County , Sweden . In 1913 he received a scholarship to study painting at Valand , the art school in Gothenburg , Sweden . Tenggrens early schooling and artistic influences were solidly grounded in Scandinavian techniques , motifs and myths ; he worked with illustrating in the popular Swedish folklore and fairy tales annual Bland Tomtar och Troll ( Among Gnomes and Trolls ) , where he succeeded illustrator John Bauer . After his first exhibition in 1920 , Tenggren immigrated to the U.S . where he joined his sister in Cleveland , Ohio . Moving to New York City in 1922 , he made a name for himself in magazine illustration and advertising , while continuing to illustrate childrens books . Disney Company . In the 1920s , while continuing to illustrate a large number of childrens books , Tenggren worked consistently in advertising up until the Great Depression ; in 1936 , he was hired by Walt Disney Productions , to work as a chief illustrator with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs . Tenggren was not only a concept artist on this movie , but he did much of the illustrations for the non-animated tie-ins to the film , most notably the serialized version of Snow White which was featured in two successive issues of Good Housekeeping Magazine just prior to the films release . He later worked with productions such as Bambi and Pinocchio , as well as backgrounds and atmospheres of films such as The Ugly Duckling and The Old Mill . Childrens books . Although his work for Disney was still in the Rackham fairy-tale illustration style , after he left the studio he never painted that way again . From 1942 to 1962 , Tenggren worked for Little Golden Books with illustrations for childrens books such as Saggy Baggy Elephant , Tawny Scrawny Lion , The Shy Little Kitten , Little Black Sambo , and The Poky Little Puppy , which became the single all-time best-selling hardcover childrens book in English ; and King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table , Emma Gelders Sternes retelling of the Arthurian Legend . During these years his production increased , as did the marketability of his name with a stream of Tenggren books . After he moved to the United States in 1920 , he never returned to Sweden again . Gustaf Tenggren died in 1970 at Dogfish Head in Southport , Maine . Legacy . Although the name Gustaf Tenggren remains relatively unknown , his work is widely recognized , both that in the Disney films and his work in the Little Golden Books . After his death , much of his non-Disney art was donated to the University of Minnesota to be included in the Kerlan Collection , a special library focusing on childrens literature . In memory of Gustaf Tenggren , a bronze sculpture of Pinocchio , designed by the American pop artist Jim Dine , has been erected in downtown Borås , a city south of Tenggrens birthplace . At the cost of SEK 9.5 million , the Pinocchio sculpture was supposed to be paid for by private donations . The statue was erected on a tiered pedestal at the beginning of Allégatan , a main street in the center of Borås at the start of the Borås Festival of the Arts on May16 , 2008 . Filmography . Illustrations . - Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs ( 1937 ) - Pinocchio ( 1940 ) - Fantasia ( Night on Bald Mountain/Ave Maria segment ) ( 1940 ) - Bambi ( 1942 ) Background illustrations . - Little Hiawatha ( 1937 ) - The Old Mill ( 1937 ) - The Ugly Duckling ( 1939 ) Illustrated works . 1927 - Small Fry and the Winged Horse , Ruth Campbell 1932 - The Ring of the Nibelung , Gertrude Henderson 1938 - Stories from a Magic World , Elizabeth Woodruff 1942 - Runaway Home , Elizabeth Coatsworth - Bedtime Stories , Gustaf Tenggren - The Poky Little Puppy , Janette Sebring Lowrey - The Tenggren Tell-it-Again Book , Katharine Gibson 1943 - The Lively Little Rabbit , George Duplaix - The Story of England , Beatrice Curtis Brown - Stories from the Great Metropolitan Opera , Helen Dike - Sing for Christmas , Opal Wheeler 1944 - Little Match Girl , Hans Christian Andersen - Sing For America , Opal Wheeler - Tenggrens Story Book , Gustaf Tenggren 1946 - Farm Stories , Kathryn and Byron Jackson - The Shy Little Kitten , Cathleen Schurr 1947 - The Big Brown Bear , George Duplaix - The Saggy Baggy Elephant , Kathryn and Byron Jackson 1948 - Little Black Sambo , Helen Bannerman - Cowboys and Indians , Kathryn and Byron Jackson 1950 - The Little Trapper , Kathryn & Byron Jackson - Pirates , Ships and Sailors , Kathryn and Byron Jackson 1951 - The Night Before Christmas , Clement C . Moore 1952 - The Tawny Scrawny Lion , Kathryn and Byron Jackson 1953 - Thumbelina , Hans Christian Andersen - Topsy Turvy Circus , George Duplaix - Jack and the Beanstalk , English Folk Tale 1954 - The Golden Goose , Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1955 - The Giant with the Three Golden Hairs , Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm - Snow White and Rose Red , Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1957 - Golden Tales from Arabian Nights , Margaret Seifer and Irving Shapiro 1959 - The Lion´s Paw : A Tale of African Animals , Jane Werner Watson 1961 - The Canterbury Tales , A . Kent Hieatt and Constance Hieatt References . - Conrad , JoAnn . Fantasy Imaginaries and Landscapes of Desire : Gustaf Tenggren’s Forgotten Decades - John Canemaker , Before the animation begins : the art and lives of Disney inspirational sketch artists , New York : Hyperion , 1996 - Steve Santi , Illustrators/Authors-Collecting Little Golden Books , Florence , Alabama : Books Americana , 1989 - From Swedish fairy tales to American fantasy : Gustaf Tenggrens illustrations 1920-1970 , Minneapolis : University Art Museum , University of Minnesota , 1986 - Pinocchio delar Borås befolkning , by Lars Råde , in the Expressen , March 24 , 2006 - Kultur Väst : Jim Dines Pinoccio har landat - Notes External links . - Gustaf Tenggrens World - International Animated Film Society : Gustaf Tenggrens Small Fry and the Winged Horse - Gustaf Tenggren - Västgöten som ritade sagofigurer åt Walt Disney - BPIB : Gustaf Tenggren - ASIFA-Hollywood Animation Archive Biopedia - Tenggrens Grimms Fairy Tales - Gustaf Adolf Tenggren artwork can be viewed at American Art Archives web site - Pinocchio — or Walking to Borås
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Where did Gustaf Tenggren live from 1923 to 1936?
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/wiki/Gustaf_Tenggren#P551#2
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Gustaf Tenggren Gustaf Adolf Tenggren ( November 3 , 1896 – April 9 , 1970 ) was a Swedish-American illustrator . He is known for his Arthur Rackham-influenced fairy-tale style and use of silhouetted figures with caricatured faces . Tenggren was a chief illustrator for The Walt Disney Company in the late 1930s , in what has been called the Golden Age of American animation , when animated feature films such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , Fantasia , Bambi and Pinocchio were produced . Early career . Gustaf Tenggren was born in 1896 in Magra parish ( now part of Alingsås Municipality ) , in Västra Götaland County , Sweden . In 1913 he received a scholarship to study painting at Valand , the art school in Gothenburg , Sweden . Tenggrens early schooling and artistic influences were solidly grounded in Scandinavian techniques , motifs and myths ; he worked with illustrating in the popular Swedish folklore and fairy tales annual Bland Tomtar och Troll ( Among Gnomes and Trolls ) , where he succeeded illustrator John Bauer . After his first exhibition in 1920 , Tenggren immigrated to the U.S . where he joined his sister in Cleveland , Ohio . Moving to New York City in 1922 , he made a name for himself in magazine illustration and advertising , while continuing to illustrate childrens books . Disney Company . In the 1920s , while continuing to illustrate a large number of childrens books , Tenggren worked consistently in advertising up until the Great Depression ; in 1936 , he was hired by Walt Disney Productions , to work as a chief illustrator with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs . Tenggren was not only a concept artist on this movie , but he did much of the illustrations for the non-animated tie-ins to the film , most notably the serialized version of Snow White which was featured in two successive issues of Good Housekeeping Magazine just prior to the films release . He later worked with productions such as Bambi and Pinocchio , as well as backgrounds and atmospheres of films such as The Ugly Duckling and The Old Mill . Childrens books . Although his work for Disney was still in the Rackham fairy-tale illustration style , after he left the studio he never painted that way again . From 1942 to 1962 , Tenggren worked for Little Golden Books with illustrations for childrens books such as Saggy Baggy Elephant , Tawny Scrawny Lion , The Shy Little Kitten , Little Black Sambo , and The Poky Little Puppy , which became the single all-time best-selling hardcover childrens book in English ; and King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table , Emma Gelders Sternes retelling of the Arthurian Legend . During these years his production increased , as did the marketability of his name with a stream of Tenggren books . After he moved to the United States in 1920 , he never returned to Sweden again . Gustaf Tenggren died in 1970 at Dogfish Head in Southport , Maine . Legacy . Although the name Gustaf Tenggren remains relatively unknown , his work is widely recognized , both that in the Disney films and his work in the Little Golden Books . After his death , much of his non-Disney art was donated to the University of Minnesota to be included in the Kerlan Collection , a special library focusing on childrens literature . In memory of Gustaf Tenggren , a bronze sculpture of Pinocchio , designed by the American pop artist Jim Dine , has been erected in downtown Borås , a city south of Tenggrens birthplace . At the cost of SEK 9.5 million , the Pinocchio sculpture was supposed to be paid for by private donations . The statue was erected on a tiered pedestal at the beginning of Allégatan , a main street in the center of Borås at the start of the Borås Festival of the Arts on May16 , 2008 . Filmography . Illustrations . - Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs ( 1937 ) - Pinocchio ( 1940 ) - Fantasia ( Night on Bald Mountain/Ave Maria segment ) ( 1940 ) - Bambi ( 1942 ) Background illustrations . - Little Hiawatha ( 1937 ) - The Old Mill ( 1937 ) - The Ugly Duckling ( 1939 ) Illustrated works . 1927 - Small Fry and the Winged Horse , Ruth Campbell 1932 - The Ring of the Nibelung , Gertrude Henderson 1938 - Stories from a Magic World , Elizabeth Woodruff 1942 - Runaway Home , Elizabeth Coatsworth - Bedtime Stories , Gustaf Tenggren - The Poky Little Puppy , Janette Sebring Lowrey - The Tenggren Tell-it-Again Book , Katharine Gibson 1943 - The Lively Little Rabbit , George Duplaix - The Story of England , Beatrice Curtis Brown - Stories from the Great Metropolitan Opera , Helen Dike - Sing for Christmas , Opal Wheeler 1944 - Little Match Girl , Hans Christian Andersen - Sing For America , Opal Wheeler - Tenggrens Story Book , Gustaf Tenggren 1946 - Farm Stories , Kathryn and Byron Jackson - The Shy Little Kitten , Cathleen Schurr 1947 - The Big Brown Bear , George Duplaix - The Saggy Baggy Elephant , Kathryn and Byron Jackson 1948 - Little Black Sambo , Helen Bannerman - Cowboys and Indians , Kathryn and Byron Jackson 1950 - The Little Trapper , Kathryn & Byron Jackson - Pirates , Ships and Sailors , Kathryn and Byron Jackson 1951 - The Night Before Christmas , Clement C . Moore 1952 - The Tawny Scrawny Lion , Kathryn and Byron Jackson 1953 - Thumbelina , Hans Christian Andersen - Topsy Turvy Circus , George Duplaix - Jack and the Beanstalk , English Folk Tale 1954 - The Golden Goose , Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1955 - The Giant with the Three Golden Hairs , Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm - Snow White and Rose Red , Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1957 - Golden Tales from Arabian Nights , Margaret Seifer and Irving Shapiro 1959 - The Lion´s Paw : A Tale of African Animals , Jane Werner Watson 1961 - The Canterbury Tales , A . Kent Hieatt and Constance Hieatt References . - Conrad , JoAnn . Fantasy Imaginaries and Landscapes of Desire : Gustaf Tenggren’s Forgotten Decades - John Canemaker , Before the animation begins : the art and lives of Disney inspirational sketch artists , New York : Hyperion , 1996 - Steve Santi , Illustrators/Authors-Collecting Little Golden Books , Florence , Alabama : Books Americana , 1989 - From Swedish fairy tales to American fantasy : Gustaf Tenggrens illustrations 1920-1970 , Minneapolis : University Art Museum , University of Minnesota , 1986 - Pinocchio delar Borås befolkning , by Lars Råde , in the Expressen , March 24 , 2006 - Kultur Väst : Jim Dines Pinoccio har landat - Notes External links . - Gustaf Tenggrens World - International Animated Film Society : Gustaf Tenggrens Small Fry and the Winged Horse - Gustaf Tenggren - Västgöten som ritade sagofigurer åt Walt Disney - BPIB : Gustaf Tenggren - ASIFA-Hollywood Animation Archive Biopedia - Tenggrens Grimms Fairy Tales - Gustaf Adolf Tenggren artwork can be viewed at American Art Archives web site - Pinocchio — or Walking to Borås
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Where did Gustaf Tenggren live from Apr 1936 to 1939?
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/wiki/Gustaf_Tenggren#P551#3
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Gustaf Tenggren Gustaf Adolf Tenggren ( November 3 , 1896 – April 9 , 1970 ) was a Swedish-American illustrator . He is known for his Arthur Rackham-influenced fairy-tale style and use of silhouetted figures with caricatured faces . Tenggren was a chief illustrator for The Walt Disney Company in the late 1930s , in what has been called the Golden Age of American animation , when animated feature films such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , Fantasia , Bambi and Pinocchio were produced . Early career . Gustaf Tenggren was born in 1896 in Magra parish ( now part of Alingsås Municipality ) , in Västra Götaland County , Sweden . In 1913 he received a scholarship to study painting at Valand , the art school in Gothenburg , Sweden . Tenggrens early schooling and artistic influences were solidly grounded in Scandinavian techniques , motifs and myths ; he worked with illustrating in the popular Swedish folklore and fairy tales annual Bland Tomtar och Troll ( Among Gnomes and Trolls ) , where he succeeded illustrator John Bauer . After his first exhibition in 1920 , Tenggren immigrated to the U.S . where he joined his sister in Cleveland , Ohio . Moving to New York City in 1922 , he made a name for himself in magazine illustration and advertising , while continuing to illustrate childrens books . Disney Company . In the 1920s , while continuing to illustrate a large number of childrens books , Tenggren worked consistently in advertising up until the Great Depression ; in 1936 , he was hired by Walt Disney Productions , to work as a chief illustrator with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs . Tenggren was not only a concept artist on this movie , but he did much of the illustrations for the non-animated tie-ins to the film , most notably the serialized version of Snow White which was featured in two successive issues of Good Housekeeping Magazine just prior to the films release . He later worked with productions such as Bambi and Pinocchio , as well as backgrounds and atmospheres of films such as The Ugly Duckling and The Old Mill . Childrens books . Although his work for Disney was still in the Rackham fairy-tale illustration style , after he left the studio he never painted that way again . From 1942 to 1962 , Tenggren worked for Little Golden Books with illustrations for childrens books such as Saggy Baggy Elephant , Tawny Scrawny Lion , The Shy Little Kitten , Little Black Sambo , and The Poky Little Puppy , which became the single all-time best-selling hardcover childrens book in English ; and King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table , Emma Gelders Sternes retelling of the Arthurian Legend . During these years his production increased , as did the marketability of his name with a stream of Tenggren books . After he moved to the United States in 1920 , he never returned to Sweden again . Gustaf Tenggren died in 1970 at Dogfish Head in Southport , Maine . Legacy . Although the name Gustaf Tenggren remains relatively unknown , his work is widely recognized , both that in the Disney films and his work in the Little Golden Books . After his death , much of his non-Disney art was donated to the University of Minnesota to be included in the Kerlan Collection , a special library focusing on childrens literature . In memory of Gustaf Tenggren , a bronze sculpture of Pinocchio , designed by the American pop artist Jim Dine , has been erected in downtown Borås , a city south of Tenggrens birthplace . At the cost of SEK 9.5 million , the Pinocchio sculpture was supposed to be paid for by private donations . The statue was erected on a tiered pedestal at the beginning of Allégatan , a main street in the center of Borås at the start of the Borås Festival of the Arts on May16 , 2008 . Filmography . Illustrations . - Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs ( 1937 ) - Pinocchio ( 1940 ) - Fantasia ( Night on Bald Mountain/Ave Maria segment ) ( 1940 ) - Bambi ( 1942 ) Background illustrations . - Little Hiawatha ( 1937 ) - The Old Mill ( 1937 ) - The Ugly Duckling ( 1939 ) Illustrated works . 1927 - Small Fry and the Winged Horse , Ruth Campbell 1932 - The Ring of the Nibelung , Gertrude Henderson 1938 - Stories from a Magic World , Elizabeth Woodruff 1942 - Runaway Home , Elizabeth Coatsworth - Bedtime Stories , Gustaf Tenggren - The Poky Little Puppy , Janette Sebring Lowrey - The Tenggren Tell-it-Again Book , Katharine Gibson 1943 - The Lively Little Rabbit , George Duplaix - The Story of England , Beatrice Curtis Brown - Stories from the Great Metropolitan Opera , Helen Dike - Sing for Christmas , Opal Wheeler 1944 - Little Match Girl , Hans Christian Andersen - Sing For America , Opal Wheeler - Tenggrens Story Book , Gustaf Tenggren 1946 - Farm Stories , Kathryn and Byron Jackson - The Shy Little Kitten , Cathleen Schurr 1947 - The Big Brown Bear , George Duplaix - The Saggy Baggy Elephant , Kathryn and Byron Jackson 1948 - Little Black Sambo , Helen Bannerman - Cowboys and Indians , Kathryn and Byron Jackson 1950 - The Little Trapper , Kathryn & Byron Jackson - Pirates , Ships and Sailors , Kathryn and Byron Jackson 1951 - The Night Before Christmas , Clement C . Moore 1952 - The Tawny Scrawny Lion , Kathryn and Byron Jackson 1953 - Thumbelina , Hans Christian Andersen - Topsy Turvy Circus , George Duplaix - Jack and the Beanstalk , English Folk Tale 1954 - The Golden Goose , Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1955 - The Giant with the Three Golden Hairs , Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm - Snow White and Rose Red , Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1957 - Golden Tales from Arabian Nights , Margaret Seifer and Irving Shapiro 1959 - The Lion´s Paw : A Tale of African Animals , Jane Werner Watson 1961 - The Canterbury Tales , A . Kent Hieatt and Constance Hieatt References . - Conrad , JoAnn . Fantasy Imaginaries and Landscapes of Desire : Gustaf Tenggren’s Forgotten Decades - John Canemaker , Before the animation begins : the art and lives of Disney inspirational sketch artists , New York : Hyperion , 1996 - Steve Santi , Illustrators/Authors-Collecting Little Golden Books , Florence , Alabama : Books Americana , 1989 - From Swedish fairy tales to American fantasy : Gustaf Tenggrens illustrations 1920-1970 , Minneapolis : University Art Museum , University of Minnesota , 1986 - Pinocchio delar Borås befolkning , by Lars Råde , in the Expressen , March 24 , 2006 - Kultur Väst : Jim Dines Pinoccio har landat - Notes External links . - Gustaf Tenggrens World - International Animated Film Society : Gustaf Tenggrens Small Fry and the Winged Horse - Gustaf Tenggren - Västgöten som ritade sagofigurer åt Walt Disney - BPIB : Gustaf Tenggren - ASIFA-Hollywood Animation Archive Biopedia - Tenggrens Grimms Fairy Tales - Gustaf Adolf Tenggren artwork can be viewed at American Art Archives web site - Pinocchio — or Walking to Borås
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Where did Gustaf Tenggren live from 1943 to 1944?
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/wiki/Gustaf_Tenggren#P551#4
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Gustaf Tenggren Gustaf Adolf Tenggren ( November 3 , 1896 – April 9 , 1970 ) was a Swedish-American illustrator . He is known for his Arthur Rackham-influenced fairy-tale style and use of silhouetted figures with caricatured faces . Tenggren was a chief illustrator for The Walt Disney Company in the late 1930s , in what has been called the Golden Age of American animation , when animated feature films such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , Fantasia , Bambi and Pinocchio were produced . Early career . Gustaf Tenggren was born in 1896 in Magra parish ( now part of Alingsås Municipality ) , in Västra Götaland County , Sweden . In 1913 he received a scholarship to study painting at Valand , the art school in Gothenburg , Sweden . Tenggrens early schooling and artistic influences were solidly grounded in Scandinavian techniques , motifs and myths ; he worked with illustrating in the popular Swedish folklore and fairy tales annual Bland Tomtar och Troll ( Among Gnomes and Trolls ) , where he succeeded illustrator John Bauer . After his first exhibition in 1920 , Tenggren immigrated to the U.S . where he joined his sister in Cleveland , Ohio . Moving to New York City in 1922 , he made a name for himself in magazine illustration and advertising , while continuing to illustrate childrens books . Disney Company . In the 1920s , while continuing to illustrate a large number of childrens books , Tenggren worked consistently in advertising up until the Great Depression ; in 1936 , he was hired by Walt Disney Productions , to work as a chief illustrator with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs . Tenggren was not only a concept artist on this movie , but he did much of the illustrations for the non-animated tie-ins to the film , most notably the serialized version of Snow White which was featured in two successive issues of Good Housekeeping Magazine just prior to the films release . He later worked with productions such as Bambi and Pinocchio , as well as backgrounds and atmospheres of films such as The Ugly Duckling and The Old Mill . Childrens books . Although his work for Disney was still in the Rackham fairy-tale illustration style , after he left the studio he never painted that way again . From 1942 to 1962 , Tenggren worked for Little Golden Books with illustrations for childrens books such as Saggy Baggy Elephant , Tawny Scrawny Lion , The Shy Little Kitten , Little Black Sambo , and The Poky Little Puppy , which became the single all-time best-selling hardcover childrens book in English ; and King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table , Emma Gelders Sternes retelling of the Arthurian Legend . During these years his production increased , as did the marketability of his name with a stream of Tenggren books . After he moved to the United States in 1920 , he never returned to Sweden again . Gustaf Tenggren died in 1970 at Dogfish Head in Southport , Maine . Legacy . Although the name Gustaf Tenggren remains relatively unknown , his work is widely recognized , both that in the Disney films and his work in the Little Golden Books . After his death , much of his non-Disney art was donated to the University of Minnesota to be included in the Kerlan Collection , a special library focusing on childrens literature . In memory of Gustaf Tenggren , a bronze sculpture of Pinocchio , designed by the American pop artist Jim Dine , has been erected in downtown Borås , a city south of Tenggrens birthplace . At the cost of SEK 9.5 million , the Pinocchio sculpture was supposed to be paid for by private donations . The statue was erected on a tiered pedestal at the beginning of Allégatan , a main street in the center of Borås at the start of the Borås Festival of the Arts on May16 , 2008 . Filmography . Illustrations . - Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs ( 1937 ) - Pinocchio ( 1940 ) - Fantasia ( Night on Bald Mountain/Ave Maria segment ) ( 1940 ) - Bambi ( 1942 ) Background illustrations . - Little Hiawatha ( 1937 ) - The Old Mill ( 1937 ) - The Ugly Duckling ( 1939 ) Illustrated works . 1927 - Small Fry and the Winged Horse , Ruth Campbell 1932 - The Ring of the Nibelung , Gertrude Henderson 1938 - Stories from a Magic World , Elizabeth Woodruff 1942 - Runaway Home , Elizabeth Coatsworth - Bedtime Stories , Gustaf Tenggren - The Poky Little Puppy , Janette Sebring Lowrey - The Tenggren Tell-it-Again Book , Katharine Gibson 1943 - The Lively Little Rabbit , George Duplaix - The Story of England , Beatrice Curtis Brown - Stories from the Great Metropolitan Opera , Helen Dike - Sing for Christmas , Opal Wheeler 1944 - Little Match Girl , Hans Christian Andersen - Sing For America , Opal Wheeler - Tenggrens Story Book , Gustaf Tenggren 1946 - Farm Stories , Kathryn and Byron Jackson - The Shy Little Kitten , Cathleen Schurr 1947 - The Big Brown Bear , George Duplaix - The Saggy Baggy Elephant , Kathryn and Byron Jackson 1948 - Little Black Sambo , Helen Bannerman - Cowboys and Indians , Kathryn and Byron Jackson 1950 - The Little Trapper , Kathryn & Byron Jackson - Pirates , Ships and Sailors , Kathryn and Byron Jackson 1951 - The Night Before Christmas , Clement C . Moore 1952 - The Tawny Scrawny Lion , Kathryn and Byron Jackson 1953 - Thumbelina , Hans Christian Andersen - Topsy Turvy Circus , George Duplaix - Jack and the Beanstalk , English Folk Tale 1954 - The Golden Goose , Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1955 - The Giant with the Three Golden Hairs , Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm - Snow White and Rose Red , Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1957 - Golden Tales from Arabian Nights , Margaret Seifer and Irving Shapiro 1959 - The Lion´s Paw : A Tale of African Animals , Jane Werner Watson 1961 - The Canterbury Tales , A . Kent Hieatt and Constance Hieatt References . - Conrad , JoAnn . Fantasy Imaginaries and Landscapes of Desire : Gustaf Tenggren’s Forgotten Decades - John Canemaker , Before the animation begins : the art and lives of Disney inspirational sketch artists , New York : Hyperion , 1996 - Steve Santi , Illustrators/Authors-Collecting Little Golden Books , Florence , Alabama : Books Americana , 1989 - From Swedish fairy tales to American fantasy : Gustaf Tenggrens illustrations 1920-1970 , Minneapolis : University Art Museum , University of Minnesota , 1986 - Pinocchio delar Borås befolkning , by Lars Råde , in the Expressen , March 24 , 2006 - Kultur Väst : Jim Dines Pinoccio har landat - Notes External links . - Gustaf Tenggrens World - International Animated Film Society : Gustaf Tenggrens Small Fry and the Winged Horse - Gustaf Tenggren - Västgöten som ritade sagofigurer åt Walt Disney - BPIB : Gustaf Tenggren - ASIFA-Hollywood Animation Archive Biopedia - Tenggrens Grimms Fairy Tales - Gustaf Adolf Tenggren artwork can be viewed at American Art Archives web site - Pinocchio — or Walking to Borås
|
[
"Ismaily"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Mohamed Barakat belong to from 1996 to 2002?
|
/wiki/Mohamed_Barakat#P54#0
|
Mohamed Barakat Mohamed Barakat ( ; born 7 September 1976 ) is a retired Egyptian footballer . A right-footed playmaker , Barakat usually played as an offensive right winger or attacking midfielder for Egyptian club Al Ahly and the Egyptian National Team . He is considered by many as one of the most talented players in Africa . Barakats hallmarks are surging runs from midfield which often disrupt opposing defences , as well as his box-to-box work ethic , which makes him an important figure both in defence and attack . Thanks to his noticeable achievements and talent , his fans have given him the nickname The Mercurial ( ) , He reached his peak in 2005 and 2006 , helping his club Al Ahly to win the CAF Champions League 2005 and CAF Champions League 2006 and Egypt win their fifth African Cup of Nations Egypt 2006 . However , in 2006 his career was marred by a long spell of injuries . Club career . Early career . Barakat began his career at unheralded Sekka but really found his feet when he joined Al-Ismaily – just about the only club in Egypt with the ability to stand up to the big boys of Al Ahly and Zamalek . Gulf Countries . The 2002 Egyptian Footballer of the Year has joined Ahly Jeddah in Saudi Arabia . He helped the later win 2003 Arab Club Championship . Barakat scored twice in that tournament ; including the Final winner goal . and then going to Alarabi in Qatar . Al Ahly . Barakat returned to Egypt in 2004 to join Al Ahly . Some have commented that the combination with Mohamed Aboutrika and Emad Moteab formed the most formidable triangle in African Soccer , and they were given the moniker of The Bermuda Triangle . Mohamed Barakat won the BBC African Footballer of 2005 award ahead of Cameroons Samuel Etoo and Obafemi Martins of Nigeria . More than 15,000 voted for him . He was also named the best player in Africas continental club competition by the African Football Association for the same year , as he scored 7 goals in the CAF Champions League 2005 . Barakat started the season of 2013 with some bad performances , but after sometime he got back to his perfect form and scored in the CAF Super Cup 2013 the winning goal , which led Al Ahly to win the cup . After he played a match against Benzarty match in CAF Champions League 2013 and scored a goal from a penalty , he also made an assist to Emad Meteb . Two weeks later there were rumors of his retirement and Barakat admitted he was thinking of retiring because he is 37 years old . After with two days Barakat scored two goals against Enpii in the Egyptian league from a penalty and a shot . People all thought and said Barakat still has one or two seasons ahead after that amazing performance and goals and that he looked like he was eighteen while playing even though he is 37 , but unfortunately three weeks after , Barakat announced that he was going to retire at the end of this season , putting an end to the career . Retirement . After the Port Said Stadium clashes , on 1 February 2012 , Barakat decided to retire from professional football , along with Emad Motaeb and Mohamed Aboutrika . However , he reversed his decision and returned to Al Ahly once again . International career . Barakat made his debut for the Pharaohs in June 2000 against South Korea . He played 4 matches in 2002 African Cup of Nations and all Egypts matches in 2006 Africa Cup of Nations . Barakat ended his international career on 18 November 2009 after his dream to reach the 2010 FIFA World Cup was crashed by Algeria that won 1–0 , he told the press about that discussion on 11 August 2010 . Honours and achievements . Club . - Ismaily - Egyptian Premier League : 2001–02 - Egypt Cup : 2000 - Al Ahli Saudi - Arab Unified Club Championship : 2002 - Al Ahly - Egyptian Premier League : 2004–05 , 2005–06 , 2006–07 , 2007–08 , 2008–09 , 2009–10 , 2010–11 - Egypt Cup : 2006 , 2007 - Egyptian Super Cup : 2005 , 2006 , 2007 , 2008 , 2010 , 2011 - CAF Champions League : 2005 , 2006 , 2008 , 2012 , 2013 - CAF Super Cup : 2006 , 2007 , 2009 , 2013 International . - Egypt - African Cup of Nations : 2006 Individual . Awards . - BBC African Footballer of the Year : 2005 - African Inter-Club Player of the Year : 2005 - CAF Team of the Year : 2005 Performances . - CAF Champions League top goalscorer : 2005 ( Shared with Joetex Frimpong ) External links . - Egyptian Barakat wins BBC award - Egypts outstanding Pharaoh - Barakat named the best player in Africas continental club competition
|
[
"Egyptian Premier League"
] |
easy
|
Mohamed Barakat played for which team from 2002 to 2009?
|
/wiki/Mohamed_Barakat#P54#1
|
Mohamed Barakat Mohamed Barakat ( ; born 7 September 1976 ) is a retired Egyptian footballer . A right-footed playmaker , Barakat usually played as an offensive right winger or attacking midfielder for Egyptian club Al Ahly and the Egyptian National Team . He is considered by many as one of the most talented players in Africa . Barakats hallmarks are surging runs from midfield which often disrupt opposing defences , as well as his box-to-box work ethic , which makes him an important figure both in defence and attack . Thanks to his noticeable achievements and talent , his fans have given him the nickname The Mercurial ( ) , He reached his peak in 2005 and 2006 , helping his club Al Ahly to win the CAF Champions League 2005 and CAF Champions League 2006 and Egypt win their fifth African Cup of Nations Egypt 2006 . However , in 2006 his career was marred by a long spell of injuries . Club career . Early career . Barakat began his career at unheralded Sekka but really found his feet when he joined Al-Ismaily – just about the only club in Egypt with the ability to stand up to the big boys of Al Ahly and Zamalek . Gulf Countries . The 2002 Egyptian Footballer of the Year has joined Ahly Jeddah in Saudi Arabia . He helped the later win 2003 Arab Club Championship . Barakat scored twice in that tournament ; including the Final winner goal . and then going to Alarabi in Qatar . Al Ahly . Barakat returned to Egypt in 2004 to join Al Ahly . Some have commented that the combination with Mohamed Aboutrika and Emad Moteab formed the most formidable triangle in African Soccer , and they were given the moniker of The Bermuda Triangle . Mohamed Barakat won the BBC African Footballer of 2005 award ahead of Cameroons Samuel Etoo and Obafemi Martins of Nigeria . More than 15,000 voted for him . He was also named the best player in Africas continental club competition by the African Football Association for the same year , as he scored 7 goals in the CAF Champions League 2005 . Barakat started the season of 2013 with some bad performances , but after sometime he got back to his perfect form and scored in the CAF Super Cup 2013 the winning goal , which led Al Ahly to win the cup . After he played a match against Benzarty match in CAF Champions League 2013 and scored a goal from a penalty , he also made an assist to Emad Meteb . Two weeks later there were rumors of his retirement and Barakat admitted he was thinking of retiring because he is 37 years old . After with two days Barakat scored two goals against Enpii in the Egyptian league from a penalty and a shot . People all thought and said Barakat still has one or two seasons ahead after that amazing performance and goals and that he looked like he was eighteen while playing even though he is 37 , but unfortunately three weeks after , Barakat announced that he was going to retire at the end of this season , putting an end to the career . Retirement . After the Port Said Stadium clashes , on 1 February 2012 , Barakat decided to retire from professional football , along with Emad Motaeb and Mohamed Aboutrika . However , he reversed his decision and returned to Al Ahly once again . International career . Barakat made his debut for the Pharaohs in June 2000 against South Korea . He played 4 matches in 2002 African Cup of Nations and all Egypts matches in 2006 Africa Cup of Nations . Barakat ended his international career on 18 November 2009 after his dream to reach the 2010 FIFA World Cup was crashed by Algeria that won 1–0 , he told the press about that discussion on 11 August 2010 . Honours and achievements . Club . - Ismaily - Egyptian Premier League : 2001–02 - Egypt Cup : 2000 - Al Ahli Saudi - Arab Unified Club Championship : 2002 - Al Ahly - Egyptian Premier League : 2004–05 , 2005–06 , 2006–07 , 2007–08 , 2008–09 , 2009–10 , 2010–11 - Egypt Cup : 2006 , 2007 - Egyptian Super Cup : 2005 , 2006 , 2007 , 2008 , 2010 , 2011 - CAF Champions League : 2005 , 2006 , 2008 , 2012 , 2013 - CAF Super Cup : 2006 , 2007 , 2009 , 2013 International . - Egypt - African Cup of Nations : 2006 Individual . Awards . - BBC African Footballer of the Year : 2005 - African Inter-Club Player of the Year : 2005 - CAF Team of the Year : 2005 Performances . - CAF Champions League top goalscorer : 2005 ( Shared with Joetex Frimpong ) External links . - Egyptian Barakat wins BBC award - Egypts outstanding Pharaoh - Barakat named the best player in Africas continental club competition
|
[
"CAF Super Cup"
] |
easy
|
Mohamed Barakat played for which team in 2009?
|
/wiki/Mohamed_Barakat#P54#2
|
Mohamed Barakat Mohamed Barakat ( ; born 7 September 1976 ) is a retired Egyptian footballer . A right-footed playmaker , Barakat usually played as an offensive right winger or attacking midfielder for Egyptian club Al Ahly and the Egyptian National Team . He is considered by many as one of the most talented players in Africa . Barakats hallmarks are surging runs from midfield which often disrupt opposing defences , as well as his box-to-box work ethic , which makes him an important figure both in defence and attack . Thanks to his noticeable achievements and talent , his fans have given him the nickname The Mercurial ( ) , He reached his peak in 2005 and 2006 , helping his club Al Ahly to win the CAF Champions League 2005 and CAF Champions League 2006 and Egypt win their fifth African Cup of Nations Egypt 2006 . However , in 2006 his career was marred by a long spell of injuries . Club career . Early career . Barakat began his career at unheralded Sekka but really found his feet when he joined Al-Ismaily – just about the only club in Egypt with the ability to stand up to the big boys of Al Ahly and Zamalek . Gulf Countries . The 2002 Egyptian Footballer of the Year has joined Ahly Jeddah in Saudi Arabia . He helped the later win 2003 Arab Club Championship . Barakat scored twice in that tournament ; including the Final winner goal . and then going to Alarabi in Qatar . Al Ahly . Barakat returned to Egypt in 2004 to join Al Ahly . Some have commented that the combination with Mohamed Aboutrika and Emad Moteab formed the most formidable triangle in African Soccer , and they were given the moniker of The Bermuda Triangle . Mohamed Barakat won the BBC African Footballer of 2005 award ahead of Cameroons Samuel Etoo and Obafemi Martins of Nigeria . More than 15,000 voted for him . He was also named the best player in Africas continental club competition by the African Football Association for the same year , as he scored 7 goals in the CAF Champions League 2005 . Barakat started the season of 2013 with some bad performances , but after sometime he got back to his perfect form and scored in the CAF Super Cup 2013 the winning goal , which led Al Ahly to win the cup . After he played a match against Benzarty match in CAF Champions League 2013 and scored a goal from a penalty , he also made an assist to Emad Meteb . Two weeks later there were rumors of his retirement and Barakat admitted he was thinking of retiring because he is 37 years old . After with two days Barakat scored two goals against Enpii in the Egyptian league from a penalty and a shot . People all thought and said Barakat still has one or two seasons ahead after that amazing performance and goals and that he looked like he was eighteen while playing even though he is 37 , but unfortunately three weeks after , Barakat announced that he was going to retire at the end of this season , putting an end to the career . Retirement . After the Port Said Stadium clashes , on 1 February 2012 , Barakat decided to retire from professional football , along with Emad Motaeb and Mohamed Aboutrika . However , he reversed his decision and returned to Al Ahly once again . International career . Barakat made his debut for the Pharaohs in June 2000 against South Korea . He played 4 matches in 2002 African Cup of Nations and all Egypts matches in 2006 Africa Cup of Nations . Barakat ended his international career on 18 November 2009 after his dream to reach the 2010 FIFA World Cup was crashed by Algeria that won 1–0 , he told the press about that discussion on 11 August 2010 . Honours and achievements . Club . - Ismaily - Egyptian Premier League : 2001–02 - Egypt Cup : 2000 - Al Ahli Saudi - Arab Unified Club Championship : 2002 - Al Ahly - Egyptian Premier League : 2004–05 , 2005–06 , 2006–07 , 2007–08 , 2008–09 , 2009–10 , 2010–11 - Egypt Cup : 2006 , 2007 - Egyptian Super Cup : 2005 , 2006 , 2007 , 2008 , 2010 , 2011 - CAF Champions League : 2005 , 2006 , 2008 , 2012 , 2013 - CAF Super Cup : 2006 , 2007 , 2009 , 2013 International . - Egypt - African Cup of Nations : 2006 Individual . Awards . - BBC African Footballer of the Year : 2005 - African Inter-Club Player of the Year : 2005 - CAF Team of the Year : 2005 Performances . - CAF Champions League top goalscorer : 2005 ( Shared with Joetex Frimpong ) External links . - Egyptian Barakat wins BBC award - Egypts outstanding Pharaoh - Barakat named the best player in Africas continental club competition
|
[
"Florence"
] |
easy
|
Peter Candid worked in which location from 1569 to 1582?
|
/wiki/Peter_Candid#P937#0
|
Peter Candid Peter de Witte , known in Italy as Pietro Candido and in Bavaria as Peter Candid ( c . 1548 – 1628 ) was a Flemish-born Mannerist painter , tapestry designer and draughtsman active in Italy and Bavaria . He was an artist at the Medici court in Florence and at the Bavarian court of Duke William V and his successor Maximilian I in Munich . Life . Candid was born in Bruges and moved with his parents to Florence at the age of 10 . His father Elias was a tapestry weaver who had been hired by the newly opened Medici weaving workshop , the Arazzeria Medicea , which was led by the Flemish master Jan Rost . The original Flemish family name was de Witte . The word witte means white in Flemish and that is why the family adopted the Italian family name Candido in Italy , an Italian word which also means white . Peter would change his family name to Candid after he moved to Germany . Peter started his apprenticeship in Italy in the early 1560s under an unknown master . The earliest known record of Candids work as an artist is in relation to payment for a fresco made in Florence in 1569 . He is first mentioned as a member of the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno in 1576 . The Accademia delle Arti del Disegno was a prestigious academy of artists in Florence whose members have included Michelangelo Buonarroti , Lazzaro Donati , Agnolo Bronzino , Benvenuto Cellini and others . Beginning in 1578 he painted a series of three altarpieces for churches in Volterra , including an ( 1580 ) and a ( 1585–86 , Pinacoteca Civica ) . The 16th century Flemish biographer Karel van Mander who knew Candid when he visited Italy , recounted that Candid worked with Giorgio Vasari on the Sala Regia in the Vatican and on the cupola of the Florence Cathedral . After working in Rome at the Sala Regia in the years 1582 and 1583 , he returned to Florence . By 1586 he was called to the Ducal court of Munich upon the recommendation of the sculptor Giambologna , another Flemish artist working in Italy with whom Candid was closely associated . He was first court painter to Duke William V of Bavaria and later Maximilian I of Bavaria . For the Duke and Elector Maximilian , Candid worked on several fresco cycles in numerous buildings , including the Antiquarium and the State Rooms of the ducal palace Munich Residenz and the State Room in the Schleissheim Palace and made the designs for the ceilings of the Goldener Saal in the Augsburg Town Hall . In the period 1600 to 1628 he was the leading artist in Munich . He was also active as an art dealer and had business dealings with Philipp Hainhofer , a merchant , banker , diplomat and art collector in Augsburg remembered , among other things , for his curiosity cabinets . He married and had five children , including a son Wilhelm ( fl 1613–25 ) , who was a painter but after 1625 became a court official . His daughter married the engraver Filips Sadeler in 1624 . He was the teacher of Johann Ulrich Loth . He died in Munich . Work . General . Peter Candid was an extremely versatile artist who was not only a painter but also a designer of tapestries , prints and sculptures . His pictorial work ranges from history paintings , portraits , mythological scenes and allegories . He created large altarpieces as well as complex decorative projects . He was an oil painter as well as a fresco artist . He is credited with introducing Italian fresco painting as a preferred medium in Bavaria . The iconography , which he developed , exerted an influence well into the 18th century . He completed many frescos and oil paintings in Italy and also made tapestry designs and other works for Cosimo I de Medici , Grand Duke of Tuscany . His style in Florence was influenced by the school of Michelangelo , although he was closer to Bronzino and Alessandro Allori than to Vasari . His work also shows the influence of the Flemish tradition . In Munich he initially worked as part of a team of Italian artists under the direction of the Dutch-Italian painter Friedrich Sustris , who had also been in Florence . He realised frescoes after Sustris designs for the court . He also produced many altarpieces . He became more autonomous after Sustris died and Maximilian I of Bavaria had ascended the throne at the end of the century . Candid further was responsible for all interior paintings at the new buildings added by Duke Maximilian to his palaces and continued to realise altar pieces . He executed small paintings on copper panels on religious , mythological and allegorical themes in a Mannerist style . In his later works he worked in a style transitory from the Late Renaissance to the early Baroque . This is evident in the , the altarpiece for the Munich Frauenkirche completed in 1620 . Tapestry designer . Peter Candid was an important designer for the weaving workshop which had been set up by Duke Maximilian . It was managed by the Flemish master weaver Hans van der Biest . Van der Biest had been invited from Flanders by the Duke to set up a tapestry workshop with craftsmen from the Low Countries in 1604 . He was given a large stipend and funds to visit the Southern Netherlands to source materials and recruit weaving professionals . The tapestries to be produced were principally intended to decorate the Munich Residenz , the royal palace of the Duke in Munich . Despite its modest size of about 20 weavers the workshop produced tapestries of an excellent quality with vibrant colours , dynamic scenes and entertaining details . The workshop stayed in operation until 1615 . Candid created cartons for this workshop . From these were woven three series of tapestries made up of about 50 hangings worked through with gold . The tapestries were a set of 12 Grotesques , 11 scenes from the Story of Otto von Wittelsbach , the founder of the House of Wittelsbach , and 18 tapestries depicting The Months , The Seasons and Day and Night . He also designed but did not make the cartons for a series of 12 tapestries depicting biblical and mythological scenes . The cartons were preserved and were used about 100 years later by the engraver Carl Gustav Amling for a series of prints . Candid personally intervened in the weaving of the tapestries and visited the workshop to give the weavers guidance . The tapestries woven in Munich from Candids designs were among the finest and most innovative products of the early seventeenth-century European tapestry industry .
|
[
"Rome"
] |
easy
|
Where did Peter Candid work from 1582 to 1583?
|
/wiki/Peter_Candid#P937#1
|
Peter Candid Peter de Witte , known in Italy as Pietro Candido and in Bavaria as Peter Candid ( c . 1548 – 1628 ) was a Flemish-born Mannerist painter , tapestry designer and draughtsman active in Italy and Bavaria . He was an artist at the Medici court in Florence and at the Bavarian court of Duke William V and his successor Maximilian I in Munich . Life . Candid was born in Bruges and moved with his parents to Florence at the age of 10 . His father Elias was a tapestry weaver who had been hired by the newly opened Medici weaving workshop , the Arazzeria Medicea , which was led by the Flemish master Jan Rost . The original Flemish family name was de Witte . The word witte means white in Flemish and that is why the family adopted the Italian family name Candido in Italy , an Italian word which also means white . Peter would change his family name to Candid after he moved to Germany . Peter started his apprenticeship in Italy in the early 1560s under an unknown master . The earliest known record of Candids work as an artist is in relation to payment for a fresco made in Florence in 1569 . He is first mentioned as a member of the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno in 1576 . The Accademia delle Arti del Disegno was a prestigious academy of artists in Florence whose members have included Michelangelo Buonarroti , Lazzaro Donati , Agnolo Bronzino , Benvenuto Cellini and others . Beginning in 1578 he painted a series of three altarpieces for churches in Volterra , including an ( 1580 ) and a ( 1585–86 , Pinacoteca Civica ) . The 16th century Flemish biographer Karel van Mander who knew Candid when he visited Italy , recounted that Candid worked with Giorgio Vasari on the Sala Regia in the Vatican and on the cupola of the Florence Cathedral . After working in Rome at the Sala Regia in the years 1582 and 1583 , he returned to Florence . By 1586 he was called to the Ducal court of Munich upon the recommendation of the sculptor Giambologna , another Flemish artist working in Italy with whom Candid was closely associated . He was first court painter to Duke William V of Bavaria and later Maximilian I of Bavaria . For the Duke and Elector Maximilian , Candid worked on several fresco cycles in numerous buildings , including the Antiquarium and the State Rooms of the ducal palace Munich Residenz and the State Room in the Schleissheim Palace and made the designs for the ceilings of the Goldener Saal in the Augsburg Town Hall . In the period 1600 to 1628 he was the leading artist in Munich . He was also active as an art dealer and had business dealings with Philipp Hainhofer , a merchant , banker , diplomat and art collector in Augsburg remembered , among other things , for his curiosity cabinets . He married and had five children , including a son Wilhelm ( fl 1613–25 ) , who was a painter but after 1625 became a court official . His daughter married the engraver Filips Sadeler in 1624 . He was the teacher of Johann Ulrich Loth . He died in Munich . Work . General . Peter Candid was an extremely versatile artist who was not only a painter but also a designer of tapestries , prints and sculptures . His pictorial work ranges from history paintings , portraits , mythological scenes and allegories . He created large altarpieces as well as complex decorative projects . He was an oil painter as well as a fresco artist . He is credited with introducing Italian fresco painting as a preferred medium in Bavaria . The iconography , which he developed , exerted an influence well into the 18th century . He completed many frescos and oil paintings in Italy and also made tapestry designs and other works for Cosimo I de Medici , Grand Duke of Tuscany . His style in Florence was influenced by the school of Michelangelo , although he was closer to Bronzino and Alessandro Allori than to Vasari . His work also shows the influence of the Flemish tradition . In Munich he initially worked as part of a team of Italian artists under the direction of the Dutch-Italian painter Friedrich Sustris , who had also been in Florence . He realised frescoes after Sustris designs for the court . He also produced many altarpieces . He became more autonomous after Sustris died and Maximilian I of Bavaria had ascended the throne at the end of the century . Candid further was responsible for all interior paintings at the new buildings added by Duke Maximilian to his palaces and continued to realise altar pieces . He executed small paintings on copper panels on religious , mythological and allegorical themes in a Mannerist style . In his later works he worked in a style transitory from the Late Renaissance to the early Baroque . This is evident in the , the altarpiece for the Munich Frauenkirche completed in 1620 . Tapestry designer . Peter Candid was an important designer for the weaving workshop which had been set up by Duke Maximilian . It was managed by the Flemish master weaver Hans van der Biest . Van der Biest had been invited from Flanders by the Duke to set up a tapestry workshop with craftsmen from the Low Countries in 1604 . He was given a large stipend and funds to visit the Southern Netherlands to source materials and recruit weaving professionals . The tapestries to be produced were principally intended to decorate the Munich Residenz , the royal palace of the Duke in Munich . Despite its modest size of about 20 weavers the workshop produced tapestries of an excellent quality with vibrant colours , dynamic scenes and entertaining details . The workshop stayed in operation until 1615 . Candid created cartons for this workshop . From these were woven three series of tapestries made up of about 50 hangings worked through with gold . The tapestries were a set of 12 Grotesques , 11 scenes from the Story of Otto von Wittelsbach , the founder of the House of Wittelsbach , and 18 tapestries depicting The Months , The Seasons and Day and Night . He also designed but did not make the cartons for a series of 12 tapestries depicting biblical and mythological scenes . The cartons were preserved and were used about 100 years later by the engraver Carl Gustav Amling for a series of prints . Candid personally intervened in the weaving of the tapestries and visited the workshop to give the weavers guidance . The tapestries woven in Munich from Candids designs were among the finest and most innovative products of the early seventeenth-century European tapestry industry .
|
[
"Florence"
] |
easy
|
Peter Candid worked in which location from 1583 to 1586?
|
/wiki/Peter_Candid#P937#2
|
Peter Candid Peter de Witte , known in Italy as Pietro Candido and in Bavaria as Peter Candid ( c . 1548 – 1628 ) was a Flemish-born Mannerist painter , tapestry designer and draughtsman active in Italy and Bavaria . He was an artist at the Medici court in Florence and at the Bavarian court of Duke William V and his successor Maximilian I in Munich . Life . Candid was born in Bruges and moved with his parents to Florence at the age of 10 . His father Elias was a tapestry weaver who had been hired by the newly opened Medici weaving workshop , the Arazzeria Medicea , which was led by the Flemish master Jan Rost . The original Flemish family name was de Witte . The word witte means white in Flemish and that is why the family adopted the Italian family name Candido in Italy , an Italian word which also means white . Peter would change his family name to Candid after he moved to Germany . Peter started his apprenticeship in Italy in the early 1560s under an unknown master . The earliest known record of Candids work as an artist is in relation to payment for a fresco made in Florence in 1569 . He is first mentioned as a member of the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno in 1576 . The Accademia delle Arti del Disegno was a prestigious academy of artists in Florence whose members have included Michelangelo Buonarroti , Lazzaro Donati , Agnolo Bronzino , Benvenuto Cellini and others . Beginning in 1578 he painted a series of three altarpieces for churches in Volterra , including an ( 1580 ) and a ( 1585–86 , Pinacoteca Civica ) . The 16th century Flemish biographer Karel van Mander who knew Candid when he visited Italy , recounted that Candid worked with Giorgio Vasari on the Sala Regia in the Vatican and on the cupola of the Florence Cathedral . After working in Rome at the Sala Regia in the years 1582 and 1583 , he returned to Florence . By 1586 he was called to the Ducal court of Munich upon the recommendation of the sculptor Giambologna , another Flemish artist working in Italy with whom Candid was closely associated . He was first court painter to Duke William V of Bavaria and later Maximilian I of Bavaria . For the Duke and Elector Maximilian , Candid worked on several fresco cycles in numerous buildings , including the Antiquarium and the State Rooms of the ducal palace Munich Residenz and the State Room in the Schleissheim Palace and made the designs for the ceilings of the Goldener Saal in the Augsburg Town Hall . In the period 1600 to 1628 he was the leading artist in Munich . He was also active as an art dealer and had business dealings with Philipp Hainhofer , a merchant , banker , diplomat and art collector in Augsburg remembered , among other things , for his curiosity cabinets . He married and had five children , including a son Wilhelm ( fl 1613–25 ) , who was a painter but after 1625 became a court official . His daughter married the engraver Filips Sadeler in 1624 . He was the teacher of Johann Ulrich Loth . He died in Munich . Work . General . Peter Candid was an extremely versatile artist who was not only a painter but also a designer of tapestries , prints and sculptures . His pictorial work ranges from history paintings , portraits , mythological scenes and allegories . He created large altarpieces as well as complex decorative projects . He was an oil painter as well as a fresco artist . He is credited with introducing Italian fresco painting as a preferred medium in Bavaria . The iconography , which he developed , exerted an influence well into the 18th century . He completed many frescos and oil paintings in Italy and also made tapestry designs and other works for Cosimo I de Medici , Grand Duke of Tuscany . His style in Florence was influenced by the school of Michelangelo , although he was closer to Bronzino and Alessandro Allori than to Vasari . His work also shows the influence of the Flemish tradition . In Munich he initially worked as part of a team of Italian artists under the direction of the Dutch-Italian painter Friedrich Sustris , who had also been in Florence . He realised frescoes after Sustris designs for the court . He also produced many altarpieces . He became more autonomous after Sustris died and Maximilian I of Bavaria had ascended the throne at the end of the century . Candid further was responsible for all interior paintings at the new buildings added by Duke Maximilian to his palaces and continued to realise altar pieces . He executed small paintings on copper panels on religious , mythological and allegorical themes in a Mannerist style . In his later works he worked in a style transitory from the Late Renaissance to the early Baroque . This is evident in the , the altarpiece for the Munich Frauenkirche completed in 1620 . Tapestry designer . Peter Candid was an important designer for the weaving workshop which had been set up by Duke Maximilian . It was managed by the Flemish master weaver Hans van der Biest . Van der Biest had been invited from Flanders by the Duke to set up a tapestry workshop with craftsmen from the Low Countries in 1604 . He was given a large stipend and funds to visit the Southern Netherlands to source materials and recruit weaving professionals . The tapestries to be produced were principally intended to decorate the Munich Residenz , the royal palace of the Duke in Munich . Despite its modest size of about 20 weavers the workshop produced tapestries of an excellent quality with vibrant colours , dynamic scenes and entertaining details . The workshop stayed in operation until 1615 . Candid created cartons for this workshop . From these were woven three series of tapestries made up of about 50 hangings worked through with gold . The tapestries were a set of 12 Grotesques , 11 scenes from the Story of Otto von Wittelsbach , the founder of the House of Wittelsbach , and 18 tapestries depicting The Months , The Seasons and Day and Night . He also designed but did not make the cartons for a series of 12 tapestries depicting biblical and mythological scenes . The cartons were preserved and were used about 100 years later by the engraver Carl Gustav Amling for a series of prints . Candid personally intervened in the weaving of the tapestries and visited the workshop to give the weavers guidance . The tapestries woven in Munich from Candids designs were among the finest and most innovative products of the early seventeenth-century European tapestry industry .
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"Munich"
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What was the working location for Peter Candid from Jun 1586 to 1628?
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/wiki/Peter_Candid#P937#3
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Peter Candid Peter de Witte , known in Italy as Pietro Candido and in Bavaria as Peter Candid ( c . 1548 – 1628 ) was a Flemish-born Mannerist painter , tapestry designer and draughtsman active in Italy and Bavaria . He was an artist at the Medici court in Florence and at the Bavarian court of Duke William V and his successor Maximilian I in Munich . Life . Candid was born in Bruges and moved with his parents to Florence at the age of 10 . His father Elias was a tapestry weaver who had been hired by the newly opened Medici weaving workshop , the Arazzeria Medicea , which was led by the Flemish master Jan Rost . The original Flemish family name was de Witte . The word witte means white in Flemish and that is why the family adopted the Italian family name Candido in Italy , an Italian word which also means white . Peter would change his family name to Candid after he moved to Germany . Peter started his apprenticeship in Italy in the early 1560s under an unknown master . The earliest known record of Candids work as an artist is in relation to payment for a fresco made in Florence in 1569 . He is first mentioned as a member of the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno in 1576 . The Accademia delle Arti del Disegno was a prestigious academy of artists in Florence whose members have included Michelangelo Buonarroti , Lazzaro Donati , Agnolo Bronzino , Benvenuto Cellini and others . Beginning in 1578 he painted a series of three altarpieces for churches in Volterra , including an ( 1580 ) and a ( 1585–86 , Pinacoteca Civica ) . The 16th century Flemish biographer Karel van Mander who knew Candid when he visited Italy , recounted that Candid worked with Giorgio Vasari on the Sala Regia in the Vatican and on the cupola of the Florence Cathedral . After working in Rome at the Sala Regia in the years 1582 and 1583 , he returned to Florence . By 1586 he was called to the Ducal court of Munich upon the recommendation of the sculptor Giambologna , another Flemish artist working in Italy with whom Candid was closely associated . He was first court painter to Duke William V of Bavaria and later Maximilian I of Bavaria . For the Duke and Elector Maximilian , Candid worked on several fresco cycles in numerous buildings , including the Antiquarium and the State Rooms of the ducal palace Munich Residenz and the State Room in the Schleissheim Palace and made the designs for the ceilings of the Goldener Saal in the Augsburg Town Hall . In the period 1600 to 1628 he was the leading artist in Munich . He was also active as an art dealer and had business dealings with Philipp Hainhofer , a merchant , banker , diplomat and art collector in Augsburg remembered , among other things , for his curiosity cabinets . He married and had five children , including a son Wilhelm ( fl 1613–25 ) , who was a painter but after 1625 became a court official . His daughter married the engraver Filips Sadeler in 1624 . He was the teacher of Johann Ulrich Loth . He died in Munich . Work . General . Peter Candid was an extremely versatile artist who was not only a painter but also a designer of tapestries , prints and sculptures . His pictorial work ranges from history paintings , portraits , mythological scenes and allegories . He created large altarpieces as well as complex decorative projects . He was an oil painter as well as a fresco artist . He is credited with introducing Italian fresco painting as a preferred medium in Bavaria . The iconography , which he developed , exerted an influence well into the 18th century . He completed many frescos and oil paintings in Italy and also made tapestry designs and other works for Cosimo I de Medici , Grand Duke of Tuscany . His style in Florence was influenced by the school of Michelangelo , although he was closer to Bronzino and Alessandro Allori than to Vasari . His work also shows the influence of the Flemish tradition . In Munich he initially worked as part of a team of Italian artists under the direction of the Dutch-Italian painter Friedrich Sustris , who had also been in Florence . He realised frescoes after Sustris designs for the court . He also produced many altarpieces . He became more autonomous after Sustris died and Maximilian I of Bavaria had ascended the throne at the end of the century . Candid further was responsible for all interior paintings at the new buildings added by Duke Maximilian to his palaces and continued to realise altar pieces . He executed small paintings on copper panels on religious , mythological and allegorical themes in a Mannerist style . In his later works he worked in a style transitory from the Late Renaissance to the early Baroque . This is evident in the , the altarpiece for the Munich Frauenkirche completed in 1620 . Tapestry designer . Peter Candid was an important designer for the weaving workshop which had been set up by Duke Maximilian . It was managed by the Flemish master weaver Hans van der Biest . Van der Biest had been invited from Flanders by the Duke to set up a tapestry workshop with craftsmen from the Low Countries in 1604 . He was given a large stipend and funds to visit the Southern Netherlands to source materials and recruit weaving professionals . The tapestries to be produced were principally intended to decorate the Munich Residenz , the royal palace of the Duke in Munich . Despite its modest size of about 20 weavers the workshop produced tapestries of an excellent quality with vibrant colours , dynamic scenes and entertaining details . The workshop stayed in operation until 1615 . Candid created cartons for this workshop . From these were woven three series of tapestries made up of about 50 hangings worked through with gold . The tapestries were a set of 12 Grotesques , 11 scenes from the Story of Otto von Wittelsbach , the founder of the House of Wittelsbach , and 18 tapestries depicting The Months , The Seasons and Day and Night . He also designed but did not make the cartons for a series of 12 tapestries depicting biblical and mythological scenes . The cartons were preserved and were used about 100 years later by the engraver Carl Gustav Amling for a series of prints . Candid personally intervened in the weaving of the tapestries and visited the workshop to give the weavers guidance . The tapestries woven in Munich from Candids designs were among the finest and most innovative products of the early seventeenth-century European tapestry industry .
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"elected to the House of Commons of Canada"
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What position did Edgar Nelson Rhodes take from Oct 1908 to 1917?
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/wiki/Edgar_Nelson_Rhodes#P39#0
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Edgar Nelson Rhodes Edgar Nelson Rhodes , ( January 5 , 1877 – March 15 , 1942 ) was a Canadian parliamentarian from Nova Scotia . He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in 1908 as a member of the Conservative Party . In January 1917 , he became Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada when his predecessor , Albert Sévigny , was appointed to the Canadian Cabinet . Rhodes was retained in the position following the 1917 election that fall , becoming the third Speaker since James Cockburn to preside over more than one Parliament . In 1921 , he was made a member of the Queens Privy Council for Canada before retiring from politics to become president of the British-American Nickel Company , whose previous president had been James Hamet Dunn . The company failed in 1925 , and he returned to provincial politics . Prior to the 1925 provincial election , he was asked to become leader of the Nova Scotia Conservative Party after the leader of the party , W . L . Hall , was assaulted on the waterfront . Rhodes took over the party and led it to victory in the 1925 election . The Conservatives defeated a Liberal government that had been in power for forty-three years but had been , in its last years , wracked by an economic downturn and severe labour unrest among miners in Cape Breton . Rhodes ran on a Maritime Rights platform , promising to curtail federal influence and stop the exodus of people from the province . The Tories more than doubled their seats in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly , winning forty out of forty-three seats . An important factor in their victory was the failure of the governing Liberals to resolve a long strike by the provinces coal miners . When Cape Breton coal miner William Davis was killed by company police in a confrontation on June 11 , voters looked to the Tories for solutions . Rhodes engineered a settlement of the dispute and appointed a royal commission . The new government later introduced pensions for teachers and allowances for widowed mothers . His government also abolished the Legislative Council , the provinces appointed Upper House , but first had to go to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council to obtain permission to appoint enough new members to the Council to secure a vote for its abolition . The Rhodes government was re-elected in 1928 with a reduced majority . He returned to federal politics to become Minister of Fisheries under Prime Minister R.B . Bennett . From 1932 to 1935 , he served as federal Finance Minister , and , despite the Great Depression , handed down austere budgets that increased taxes and reduced spending . He was appointed to the Senate of Canada three months before the 1935 federal election that routed Bennetts government . He remained a Senator until his death in 1942 in Ottawa . He is buried in Ottawas Beechwood Cemetery . On July 12 , 1905 , he married Mary Grace Pipes , daughter of William Thomas Pipes , Rhodes law partner and Premier of Nova Scotia from 1882 to 1884 . They had one son , Edgar Nelson , and one daughter , Helen Sybil . References . - Edgar Nelson Rhodes fonds , Library and Archives Canada
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"Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada"
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What was the position of Edgar Nelson Rhodes from 1917 to Dec 1921?
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/wiki/Edgar_Nelson_Rhodes#P39#1
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Edgar Nelson Rhodes Edgar Nelson Rhodes , ( January 5 , 1877 – March 15 , 1942 ) was a Canadian parliamentarian from Nova Scotia . He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in 1908 as a member of the Conservative Party . In January 1917 , he became Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada when his predecessor , Albert Sévigny , was appointed to the Canadian Cabinet . Rhodes was retained in the position following the 1917 election that fall , becoming the third Speaker since James Cockburn to preside over more than one Parliament . In 1921 , he was made a member of the Queens Privy Council for Canada before retiring from politics to become president of the British-American Nickel Company , whose previous president had been James Hamet Dunn . The company failed in 1925 , and he returned to provincial politics . Prior to the 1925 provincial election , he was asked to become leader of the Nova Scotia Conservative Party after the leader of the party , W . L . Hall , was assaulted on the waterfront . Rhodes took over the party and led it to victory in the 1925 election . The Conservatives defeated a Liberal government that had been in power for forty-three years but had been , in its last years , wracked by an economic downturn and severe labour unrest among miners in Cape Breton . Rhodes ran on a Maritime Rights platform , promising to curtail federal influence and stop the exodus of people from the province . The Tories more than doubled their seats in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly , winning forty out of forty-three seats . An important factor in their victory was the failure of the governing Liberals to resolve a long strike by the provinces coal miners . When Cape Breton coal miner William Davis was killed by company police in a confrontation on June 11 , voters looked to the Tories for solutions . Rhodes engineered a settlement of the dispute and appointed a royal commission . The new government later introduced pensions for teachers and allowances for widowed mothers . His government also abolished the Legislative Council , the provinces appointed Upper House , but first had to go to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council to obtain permission to appoint enough new members to the Council to secure a vote for its abolition . The Rhodes government was re-elected in 1928 with a reduced majority . He returned to federal politics to become Minister of Fisheries under Prime Minister R.B . Bennett . From 1932 to 1935 , he served as federal Finance Minister , and , despite the Great Depression , handed down austere budgets that increased taxes and reduced spending . He was appointed to the Senate of Canada three months before the 1935 federal election that routed Bennetts government . He remained a Senator until his death in 1942 in Ottawa . He is buried in Ottawas Beechwood Cemetery . On July 12 , 1905 , he married Mary Grace Pipes , daughter of William Thomas Pipes , Rhodes law partner and Premier of Nova Scotia from 1882 to 1884 . They had one son , Edgar Nelson , and one daughter , Helen Sybil . References . - Edgar Nelson Rhodes fonds , Library and Archives Canada
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"member of the Queens Privy Council for Canada"
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Edgar Nelson Rhodes took which position in Dec 1921?
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/wiki/Edgar_Nelson_Rhodes#P39#2
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Edgar Nelson Rhodes Edgar Nelson Rhodes , ( January 5 , 1877 – March 15 , 1942 ) was a Canadian parliamentarian from Nova Scotia . He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in 1908 as a member of the Conservative Party . In January 1917 , he became Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada when his predecessor , Albert Sévigny , was appointed to the Canadian Cabinet . Rhodes was retained in the position following the 1917 election that fall , becoming the third Speaker since James Cockburn to preside over more than one Parliament . In 1921 , he was made a member of the Queens Privy Council for Canada before retiring from politics to become president of the British-American Nickel Company , whose previous president had been James Hamet Dunn . The company failed in 1925 , and he returned to provincial politics . Prior to the 1925 provincial election , he was asked to become leader of the Nova Scotia Conservative Party after the leader of the party , W . L . Hall , was assaulted on the waterfront . Rhodes took over the party and led it to victory in the 1925 election . The Conservatives defeated a Liberal government that had been in power for forty-three years but had been , in its last years , wracked by an economic downturn and severe labour unrest among miners in Cape Breton . Rhodes ran on a Maritime Rights platform , promising to curtail federal influence and stop the exodus of people from the province . The Tories more than doubled their seats in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly , winning forty out of forty-three seats . An important factor in their victory was the failure of the governing Liberals to resolve a long strike by the provinces coal miners . When Cape Breton coal miner William Davis was killed by company police in a confrontation on June 11 , voters looked to the Tories for solutions . Rhodes engineered a settlement of the dispute and appointed a royal commission . The new government later introduced pensions for teachers and allowances for widowed mothers . His government also abolished the Legislative Council , the provinces appointed Upper House , but first had to go to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council to obtain permission to appoint enough new members to the Council to secure a vote for its abolition . The Rhodes government was re-elected in 1928 with a reduced majority . He returned to federal politics to become Minister of Fisheries under Prime Minister R.B . Bennett . From 1932 to 1935 , he served as federal Finance Minister , and , despite the Great Depression , handed down austere budgets that increased taxes and reduced spending . He was appointed to the Senate of Canada three months before the 1935 federal election that routed Bennetts government . He remained a Senator until his death in 1942 in Ottawa . He is buried in Ottawas Beechwood Cemetery . On July 12 , 1905 , he married Mary Grace Pipes , daughter of William Thomas Pipes , Rhodes law partner and Premier of Nova Scotia from 1882 to 1884 . They had one son , Edgar Nelson , and one daughter , Helen Sybil . References . - Edgar Nelson Rhodes fonds , Library and Archives Canada
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""
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Edgar Nelson Rhodes took which position from Jun 1925 to Jul 1935?
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/wiki/Edgar_Nelson_Rhodes#P39#3
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Edgar Nelson Rhodes Edgar Nelson Rhodes , ( January 5 , 1877 – March 15 , 1942 ) was a Canadian parliamentarian from Nova Scotia . He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in 1908 as a member of the Conservative Party . In January 1917 , he became Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada when his predecessor , Albert Sévigny , was appointed to the Canadian Cabinet . Rhodes was retained in the position following the 1917 election that fall , becoming the third Speaker since James Cockburn to preside over more than one Parliament . In 1921 , he was made a member of the Queens Privy Council for Canada before retiring from politics to become president of the British-American Nickel Company , whose previous president had been James Hamet Dunn . The company failed in 1925 , and he returned to provincial politics . Prior to the 1925 provincial election , he was asked to become leader of the Nova Scotia Conservative Party after the leader of the party , W . L . Hall , was assaulted on the waterfront . Rhodes took over the party and led it to victory in the 1925 election . The Conservatives defeated a Liberal government that had been in power for forty-three years but had been , in its last years , wracked by an economic downturn and severe labour unrest among miners in Cape Breton . Rhodes ran on a Maritime Rights platform , promising to curtail federal influence and stop the exodus of people from the province . The Tories more than doubled their seats in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly , winning forty out of forty-three seats . An important factor in their victory was the failure of the governing Liberals to resolve a long strike by the provinces coal miners . When Cape Breton coal miner William Davis was killed by company police in a confrontation on June 11 , voters looked to the Tories for solutions . Rhodes engineered a settlement of the dispute and appointed a royal commission . The new government later introduced pensions for teachers and allowances for widowed mothers . His government also abolished the Legislative Council , the provinces appointed Upper House , but first had to go to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council to obtain permission to appoint enough new members to the Council to secure a vote for its abolition . The Rhodes government was re-elected in 1928 with a reduced majority . He returned to federal politics to become Minister of Fisheries under Prime Minister R.B . Bennett . From 1932 to 1935 , he served as federal Finance Minister , and , despite the Great Depression , handed down austere budgets that increased taxes and reduced spending . He was appointed to the Senate of Canada three months before the 1935 federal election that routed Bennetts government . He remained a Senator until his death in 1942 in Ottawa . He is buried in Ottawas Beechwood Cemetery . On July 12 , 1905 , he married Mary Grace Pipes , daughter of William Thomas Pipes , Rhodes law partner and Premier of Nova Scotia from 1882 to 1884 . They had one son , Edgar Nelson , and one daughter , Helen Sybil . References . - Edgar Nelson Rhodes fonds , Library and Archives Canada
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"Senate of Canada"
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Edgar Nelson Rhodes took which position from Jul 1935 to Mar 1942?
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/wiki/Edgar_Nelson_Rhodes#P39#4
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Edgar Nelson Rhodes Edgar Nelson Rhodes , ( January 5 , 1877 – March 15 , 1942 ) was a Canadian parliamentarian from Nova Scotia . He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in 1908 as a member of the Conservative Party . In January 1917 , he became Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada when his predecessor , Albert Sévigny , was appointed to the Canadian Cabinet . Rhodes was retained in the position following the 1917 election that fall , becoming the third Speaker since James Cockburn to preside over more than one Parliament . In 1921 , he was made a member of the Queens Privy Council for Canada before retiring from politics to become president of the British-American Nickel Company , whose previous president had been James Hamet Dunn . The company failed in 1925 , and he returned to provincial politics . Prior to the 1925 provincial election , he was asked to become leader of the Nova Scotia Conservative Party after the leader of the party , W . L . Hall , was assaulted on the waterfront . Rhodes took over the party and led it to victory in the 1925 election . The Conservatives defeated a Liberal government that had been in power for forty-three years but had been , in its last years , wracked by an economic downturn and severe labour unrest among miners in Cape Breton . Rhodes ran on a Maritime Rights platform , promising to curtail federal influence and stop the exodus of people from the province . The Tories more than doubled their seats in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly , winning forty out of forty-three seats . An important factor in their victory was the failure of the governing Liberals to resolve a long strike by the provinces coal miners . When Cape Breton coal miner William Davis was killed by company police in a confrontation on June 11 , voters looked to the Tories for solutions . Rhodes engineered a settlement of the dispute and appointed a royal commission . The new government later introduced pensions for teachers and allowances for widowed mothers . His government also abolished the Legislative Council , the provinces appointed Upper House , but first had to go to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council to obtain permission to appoint enough new members to the Council to secure a vote for its abolition . The Rhodes government was re-elected in 1928 with a reduced majority . He returned to federal politics to become Minister of Fisheries under Prime Minister R.B . Bennett . From 1932 to 1935 , he served as federal Finance Minister , and , despite the Great Depression , handed down austere budgets that increased taxes and reduced spending . He was appointed to the Senate of Canada three months before the 1935 federal election that routed Bennetts government . He remained a Senator until his death in 1942 in Ottawa . He is buried in Ottawas Beechwood Cemetery . On July 12 , 1905 , he married Mary Grace Pipes , daughter of William Thomas Pipes , Rhodes law partner and Premier of Nova Scotia from 1882 to 1884 . They had one son , Edgar Nelson , and one daughter , Helen Sybil . References . - Edgar Nelson Rhodes fonds , Library and Archives Canada
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"Florida A&M University"
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Where was Corrine Brown educated from 1968 to 1969?
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/wiki/Corrine_Brown#P69#0
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Corrine Brown Corrine Brown ( born November 11 , 1946 ) is an American former politician who served as a member of the U.S . House of Representatives from Florida from 1993 to 2017 . She is a member of the Democratic Party . After a court-ordered redistricting significantly changed her district , and a federal indictment for corruption , Brown was defeated in the 2016 Democratic primary by Al Lawson , who went on to win Browns former seat . On December 4 , 2017 , she was sentenced to five years in prison and ordered to pay restitution . Her conviction was later overturned on appeal . Early life , education , and academic career . Born in Jacksonville , Florida , Brown earned a bachelor of science degree from Florida A&M University in 1969 She earned a masters degree in 1971 from Florida A&M University , and in 1974 received an educational specialist degree from the University of Florida . Florida Legislature . After an unsuccessful bid for the Florida House of Representatives in 1980 , Brown was elected two years later from a newly drawn House district and served in the House for ten years . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . 1992–2008 . After the 1990 census , the Florida legislature carved out a new 3rd congressional district in the northern part of the state . This district was designed to enclose an African-American majority within its boundaries . A horseshoe-shaped district encompassing largely African-American neighborhoods in Jacksonville , Gainesville , Orlando , Ocala , and Lake City , the 3rd district seemed likely to send Floridas first African-American to Congress since Reconstruction , and Brown decided to run . Brown faced several candidates in the 1992 Democratic primary , but the strongest opponent to emerge was Andy Johnson , a white talk radio host from Jacksonville . Brown defeated Johnson in the primary and in a two-candidate runoff , and went on to win the general election in November 1992 . In 1995 , the 3rd district was struck down by the United States Supreme Court as an unconstitutional racial gerrymander . One of the main instigators of the lawsuit that led to the redistricting was Browns 1992 opponent , Andy Johnson . Brown railed against the change , complaining that [ t ] he Bubba I beat couldnt win at the ballot box [ so ] he took it to court , in an interview with New Republic . Although the district was redrawn to be more compact and its black population decreased , Brown won reelection in 1996 . 2010 . On June 1 , 2009 , Brown announced she would form an exploratory committee for a possible run for the Democratic nomination for the U.S . Senate seat being vacated by Republican Mel Martinez saying , These are challenging times for Florida . Our economy is in a shambles and our families are hurting . Charlie Crist may be good at taking pictures and making promises , but what has he actually accomplished ? In October 2009 , it was announced that Brown would not run for Senate , and would seek reelection in the House of Representatives . 2012–2016 . After decennial redistricting in 2012 , Browns district was renumbered as the 5th district , but its basic shape remained the same , stretching from Jacksonville to Orlando . It was identified as one of the most gerrymandered districts in the country . The League of Women Voters of Florida and the Florida Democratic Party challenged the new redistricting plan in court , claiming that the new 5th district was drawn to favor its incumbent and the Republican Party by packing Democratic voters , in violation of the newly adopted Fair Districts Amendment . In 2015 , the Florida Supreme Court ruled that the congressional redistricting plan was a partisan gerrymander in violation of the Fair Districts Amendment , and ordered the 5th district to be substantially redrawn . Brown challenged the new court-ordered map in federal court , arguing that the new plan violated the federal Voting Rights Act . In April 2016 , the court ruled against Brown . The configuration approved by the Supreme Court made the new 5th district significantly more compact than its predecessor . It changed to an east-west direction along the Georgia border from downtown Jacksonville to Tallahassee . Brown ran for reelection in 2016 , even though she now found herself in a district that was over 62 percent new to her . After being indicted by a federal grand jury and facing trial on 22 federal felony criminal counts , Brown was defeated in the Democratic primary by former state senator Al Lawson of Tallahassee , who went on to win in November . Tenure . In 2006 , she voted no on the Child Custody Protection Act , Public Expression of Religion Act , Electronic Surveillance Modernization Act , Military Commissions Act , and Private Property Rights Implementation Act of 2006 . She voted yes on the SAFE Port Act . On September 29 , 2008 , Brown voted for the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 . Interest group ratings . In terms of interest group ratings , Brown held high percentages in pro-choice groups such as the Florida Alliance of Planned Parenthood Affiliates – Positions on Reproductive Rights ( for which she has a 100% rating ) , NARAL Pro-Choice America – Positions ( 100% ) , National Family Planning & Reproductive Health Association – House of Representatives Score ( 100% ) . Brown overall held high percentage rates from other issue groups involving animal and wildlife issues , senior and security issues , labor , education , and welfare and poverty . Meanwhile , Browns ratings were lower in issues that deal with agriculture and economics such as National Taxpayers Union – Positions on Tax and Spending ( 5% ) , American Farm Bureau Federation – Positions ( 33% ) , and United States Chamber of Commerce – Positions ( 13% ) . Other relatively low rates for Brown from interest groups include trade , conservative issues , national security , indigenous peoples issues , gun issues , immigration , and foreign aid and policy issues . The ratings do not necessarily correlate with Browns positions or votes on certain issues during her time as a representative in the House . Political controversies . National Baptist Convention check In 1998 , Brown was questioned by the House Ethics Committee about receiving a $10,000 check from National Baptist Convention leader and long-time associate , Henry Lyons . Brown confirmed receiving the check and denied she had used the money improperly . Brown said that she had taken the check and converted it into another check made out to Pameron Bus Tours to pay for transportation to a rally she organized in Tallahassee . She said that she didnt have to report the money , and that she had been cleared , explaining the rally was to protest the reorganization of her district lines , and she did not use it for herself . Forgery . The Federal Election Commission admonished Brown and Browns former campaign treasurer quit after he discovered that his name had been forged on her campaign reports . The staffer alleged to have forged the treasurers signature stayed with Brown and as of 1998 was her chief of staff . Congressional Accountability Project . On June 9 , 1998 , the Congressional Accountability Project voted to conduct a formal inquiry regarding Brown . The Project called for the U.S . House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct to determine whether Brown had violated House ethics rules . One of the complaints was that Browns adult daughter , Shantrel Brown , had received a luxury automobile as a gift from an agent of a Malian swindler and millionaire named Foutanga Babani Sissoko . Sissoko , a friend of Congresswoman Brown , had been imprisoned in Miami after pleading guilty to charges of bribing a customs officer . Brown had worked to secure his release , pressuring U.S . Attorney General Janet Reno to deport Sissoko back to his homeland as an alternative to continued incarceration . The Project held this violated the House gift rule , but Brown denied she had acted improperly . The congressional subcommittee investigating Brown found insufficient evidence to issue a Statement of Alleged Violation , but said she had acted with poor judgment in connection with Sissoko . 2000 presidential election . Brown and other members of the House of Representatives objected to counting the 25 electoral votes from Florida which George W . Bush narrowly won after a contentious recount . Because no senator joined her objection , the objection was dismissed by Vice President Al Gore , who was Bushs opponent in the 2000 presidential election . In July 2004 , Brown was rebuked by the House of Representatives after she referred to the disputed 2000 presidential election in Florida as a coup détat . This comment came during floor debate over HR 4818 , which would have provided for international monitoring of the 2004 U.S . presidential election . 2004 presidential election . Brown was one of the 31 representatives who voted against counting the electoral votes from Ohio in the 2004 United States presidential election . President George W . Bush won Ohio by 118,457 votes . Without Ohios electoral votes , the election would have been decided by the U.S . House of Representatives , with each state having one vote in accordance with the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution . Campaign finances . During her 2009–2010 campaign , Brown raised up to $966,669 from fundraising . Browns top contributors included CSX Corporation , a railroad-based freight transportation company with its headquarters in Jacksonville ; Carnival Corporation , cruise line operator ; Picerne Real Estate Group ; Union Pacific Corp and Berkshire Hathaway , which owns BNSF Railway . Browns top industry contributors included those railroads , lawyers/farm firms , real estate , transportation unions , and sea transportation . Top sectors in Browns 2009–2010 campaign included transportation , lawyers and lobbyists , labor , construction , and finance/insurance/real estate . During her campaign , the largest source of funds was given by large individual companies , which accounted for 54% of the contributions , and PAC contributions , which accounted for 36% . Sources of funds also included small individual contributions , self-financing on Browns part and other sources . Felony fraud conviction . In July 2016 , Brown and her chief of staff , Elias Ronnie Simmons , pleaded not guilty to a 22 count federal indictment in relation to a non-profit charity , One Door for Education Foundation . The indictment included charges of participating in a conspiracy to commit mail and wire fraud , multiple counts of mail and wire fraud , concealing material facts on required financial disclosure forms , theft of government property , obstruction of the Internal Revenue Service laws , and filing false tax returns . Federal prosecutors allege the charity was to give scholarships to underprivileged students , but instead acted as the personal slush fund for Brown and her associates . The indictment said that Brown and Simmons filled the coffers of Brown and her associates with One Door donations for their personal and professional benefit , totaling $800,000 , much of which was deposited in cash to Browns personal bank accounts . On May 11 , 2017 , former congresswoman Brown was convicted on 18 of 22 corruption charges ranging from mail fraud to filing a false federal tax return . On December 4 , 2017 , she was sentenced to five years in prison and ordered to pay restitution . She reported on January 29 , 2018 to Coleman Federal Correctional Complex in Sumter County , Florida , near Wildwood , to begin her sentence . She appealed her conviction , and collected her Congressional pension until her appeal concluded . Corrine Brown lost her appeal on January 10 , 2020 . Brown was released from prison on April 22 , 2020 citing health concerns . Her attorney argued she was at increased risk of COVID-19 because of her age and underlying health conditions . Conviction overturned . On May 6 , 2021 , the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals overturned her conviction , ruling in a 7-4 decision that a juror had been improperly removed from Brown’s trial during deliberations by the trial judge , Timothy J . Corrigan , because the juror had claimed the Holy Spirit had spoken to him . The courts opinion remanded the case back to the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida for a new trial . The Justice Department still could appeal the Circuit Courts decision to the United States Supreme Court . Committee assignments . - Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure - Subcommittee on Aviation - Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation - Subcommittee on Railroads , Pipelines , and Hazardous Materials ( Ranking Member ) - Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment - Committee on Veterans Affairs - Subcommittee on Health
|
[
"Florida A&M University",
"University of Florida"
] |
easy
|
Where was Corrine Brown educated in 1969?
|
/wiki/Corrine_Brown#P69#1
|
Corrine Brown Corrine Brown ( born November 11 , 1946 ) is an American former politician who served as a member of the U.S . House of Representatives from Florida from 1993 to 2017 . She is a member of the Democratic Party . After a court-ordered redistricting significantly changed her district , and a federal indictment for corruption , Brown was defeated in the 2016 Democratic primary by Al Lawson , who went on to win Browns former seat . On December 4 , 2017 , she was sentenced to five years in prison and ordered to pay restitution . Her conviction was later overturned on appeal . Early life , education , and academic career . Born in Jacksonville , Florida , Brown earned a bachelor of science degree from Florida A&M University in 1969 She earned a masters degree in 1971 from Florida A&M University , and in 1974 received an educational specialist degree from the University of Florida . Florida Legislature . After an unsuccessful bid for the Florida House of Representatives in 1980 , Brown was elected two years later from a newly drawn House district and served in the House for ten years . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . 1992–2008 . After the 1990 census , the Florida legislature carved out a new 3rd congressional district in the northern part of the state . This district was designed to enclose an African-American majority within its boundaries . A horseshoe-shaped district encompassing largely African-American neighborhoods in Jacksonville , Gainesville , Orlando , Ocala , and Lake City , the 3rd district seemed likely to send Floridas first African-American to Congress since Reconstruction , and Brown decided to run . Brown faced several candidates in the 1992 Democratic primary , but the strongest opponent to emerge was Andy Johnson , a white talk radio host from Jacksonville . Brown defeated Johnson in the primary and in a two-candidate runoff , and went on to win the general election in November 1992 . In 1995 , the 3rd district was struck down by the United States Supreme Court as an unconstitutional racial gerrymander . One of the main instigators of the lawsuit that led to the redistricting was Browns 1992 opponent , Andy Johnson . Brown railed against the change , complaining that [ t ] he Bubba I beat couldnt win at the ballot box [ so ] he took it to court , in an interview with New Republic . Although the district was redrawn to be more compact and its black population decreased , Brown won reelection in 1996 . 2010 . On June 1 , 2009 , Brown announced she would form an exploratory committee for a possible run for the Democratic nomination for the U.S . Senate seat being vacated by Republican Mel Martinez saying , These are challenging times for Florida . Our economy is in a shambles and our families are hurting . Charlie Crist may be good at taking pictures and making promises , but what has he actually accomplished ? In October 2009 , it was announced that Brown would not run for Senate , and would seek reelection in the House of Representatives . 2012–2016 . After decennial redistricting in 2012 , Browns district was renumbered as the 5th district , but its basic shape remained the same , stretching from Jacksonville to Orlando . It was identified as one of the most gerrymandered districts in the country . The League of Women Voters of Florida and the Florida Democratic Party challenged the new redistricting plan in court , claiming that the new 5th district was drawn to favor its incumbent and the Republican Party by packing Democratic voters , in violation of the newly adopted Fair Districts Amendment . In 2015 , the Florida Supreme Court ruled that the congressional redistricting plan was a partisan gerrymander in violation of the Fair Districts Amendment , and ordered the 5th district to be substantially redrawn . Brown challenged the new court-ordered map in federal court , arguing that the new plan violated the federal Voting Rights Act . In April 2016 , the court ruled against Brown . The configuration approved by the Supreme Court made the new 5th district significantly more compact than its predecessor . It changed to an east-west direction along the Georgia border from downtown Jacksonville to Tallahassee . Brown ran for reelection in 2016 , even though she now found herself in a district that was over 62 percent new to her . After being indicted by a federal grand jury and facing trial on 22 federal felony criminal counts , Brown was defeated in the Democratic primary by former state senator Al Lawson of Tallahassee , who went on to win in November . Tenure . In 2006 , she voted no on the Child Custody Protection Act , Public Expression of Religion Act , Electronic Surveillance Modernization Act , Military Commissions Act , and Private Property Rights Implementation Act of 2006 . She voted yes on the SAFE Port Act . On September 29 , 2008 , Brown voted for the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 . Interest group ratings . In terms of interest group ratings , Brown held high percentages in pro-choice groups such as the Florida Alliance of Planned Parenthood Affiliates – Positions on Reproductive Rights ( for which she has a 100% rating ) , NARAL Pro-Choice America – Positions ( 100% ) , National Family Planning & Reproductive Health Association – House of Representatives Score ( 100% ) . Brown overall held high percentage rates from other issue groups involving animal and wildlife issues , senior and security issues , labor , education , and welfare and poverty . Meanwhile , Browns ratings were lower in issues that deal with agriculture and economics such as National Taxpayers Union – Positions on Tax and Spending ( 5% ) , American Farm Bureau Federation – Positions ( 33% ) , and United States Chamber of Commerce – Positions ( 13% ) . Other relatively low rates for Brown from interest groups include trade , conservative issues , national security , indigenous peoples issues , gun issues , immigration , and foreign aid and policy issues . The ratings do not necessarily correlate with Browns positions or votes on certain issues during her time as a representative in the House . Political controversies . National Baptist Convention check In 1998 , Brown was questioned by the House Ethics Committee about receiving a $10,000 check from National Baptist Convention leader and long-time associate , Henry Lyons . Brown confirmed receiving the check and denied she had used the money improperly . Brown said that she had taken the check and converted it into another check made out to Pameron Bus Tours to pay for transportation to a rally she organized in Tallahassee . She said that she didnt have to report the money , and that she had been cleared , explaining the rally was to protest the reorganization of her district lines , and she did not use it for herself . Forgery . The Federal Election Commission admonished Brown and Browns former campaign treasurer quit after he discovered that his name had been forged on her campaign reports . The staffer alleged to have forged the treasurers signature stayed with Brown and as of 1998 was her chief of staff . Congressional Accountability Project . On June 9 , 1998 , the Congressional Accountability Project voted to conduct a formal inquiry regarding Brown . The Project called for the U.S . House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct to determine whether Brown had violated House ethics rules . One of the complaints was that Browns adult daughter , Shantrel Brown , had received a luxury automobile as a gift from an agent of a Malian swindler and millionaire named Foutanga Babani Sissoko . Sissoko , a friend of Congresswoman Brown , had been imprisoned in Miami after pleading guilty to charges of bribing a customs officer . Brown had worked to secure his release , pressuring U.S . Attorney General Janet Reno to deport Sissoko back to his homeland as an alternative to continued incarceration . The Project held this violated the House gift rule , but Brown denied she had acted improperly . The congressional subcommittee investigating Brown found insufficient evidence to issue a Statement of Alleged Violation , but said she had acted with poor judgment in connection with Sissoko . 2000 presidential election . Brown and other members of the House of Representatives objected to counting the 25 electoral votes from Florida which George W . Bush narrowly won after a contentious recount . Because no senator joined her objection , the objection was dismissed by Vice President Al Gore , who was Bushs opponent in the 2000 presidential election . In July 2004 , Brown was rebuked by the House of Representatives after she referred to the disputed 2000 presidential election in Florida as a coup détat . This comment came during floor debate over HR 4818 , which would have provided for international monitoring of the 2004 U.S . presidential election . 2004 presidential election . Brown was one of the 31 representatives who voted against counting the electoral votes from Ohio in the 2004 United States presidential election . President George W . Bush won Ohio by 118,457 votes . Without Ohios electoral votes , the election would have been decided by the U.S . House of Representatives , with each state having one vote in accordance with the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution . Campaign finances . During her 2009–2010 campaign , Brown raised up to $966,669 from fundraising . Browns top contributors included CSX Corporation , a railroad-based freight transportation company with its headquarters in Jacksonville ; Carnival Corporation , cruise line operator ; Picerne Real Estate Group ; Union Pacific Corp and Berkshire Hathaway , which owns BNSF Railway . Browns top industry contributors included those railroads , lawyers/farm firms , real estate , transportation unions , and sea transportation . Top sectors in Browns 2009–2010 campaign included transportation , lawyers and lobbyists , labor , construction , and finance/insurance/real estate . During her campaign , the largest source of funds was given by large individual companies , which accounted for 54% of the contributions , and PAC contributions , which accounted for 36% . Sources of funds also included small individual contributions , self-financing on Browns part and other sources . Felony fraud conviction . In July 2016 , Brown and her chief of staff , Elias Ronnie Simmons , pleaded not guilty to a 22 count federal indictment in relation to a non-profit charity , One Door for Education Foundation . The indictment included charges of participating in a conspiracy to commit mail and wire fraud , multiple counts of mail and wire fraud , concealing material facts on required financial disclosure forms , theft of government property , obstruction of the Internal Revenue Service laws , and filing false tax returns . Federal prosecutors allege the charity was to give scholarships to underprivileged students , but instead acted as the personal slush fund for Brown and her associates . The indictment said that Brown and Simmons filled the coffers of Brown and her associates with One Door donations for their personal and professional benefit , totaling $800,000 , much of which was deposited in cash to Browns personal bank accounts . On May 11 , 2017 , former congresswoman Brown was convicted on 18 of 22 corruption charges ranging from mail fraud to filing a false federal tax return . On December 4 , 2017 , she was sentenced to five years in prison and ordered to pay restitution . She reported on January 29 , 2018 to Coleman Federal Correctional Complex in Sumter County , Florida , near Wildwood , to begin her sentence . She appealed her conviction , and collected her Congressional pension until her appeal concluded . Corrine Brown lost her appeal on January 10 , 2020 . Brown was released from prison on April 22 , 2020 citing health concerns . Her attorney argued she was at increased risk of COVID-19 because of her age and underlying health conditions . Conviction overturned . On May 6 , 2021 , the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals overturned her conviction , ruling in a 7-4 decision that a juror had been improperly removed from Brown’s trial during deliberations by the trial judge , Timothy J . Corrigan , because the juror had claimed the Holy Spirit had spoken to him . The courts opinion remanded the case back to the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida for a new trial . The Justice Department still could appeal the Circuit Courts decision to the United States Supreme Court . Committee assignments . - Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure - Subcommittee on Aviation - Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation - Subcommittee on Railroads , Pipelines , and Hazardous Materials ( Ranking Member ) - Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment - Committee on Veterans Affairs - Subcommittee on Health
|
[
"Florida A&M University",
"University of Florida ."
] |
easy
|
Where was Corrine Brown educated from 1969 to 1971?
|
/wiki/Corrine_Brown#P69#2
|
Corrine Brown Corrine Brown ( born November 11 , 1946 ) is an American former politician who served as a member of the U.S . House of Representatives from Florida from 1993 to 2017 . She is a member of the Democratic Party . After a court-ordered redistricting significantly changed her district , and a federal indictment for corruption , Brown was defeated in the 2016 Democratic primary by Al Lawson , who went on to win Browns former seat . On December 4 , 2017 , she was sentenced to five years in prison and ordered to pay restitution . Her conviction was later overturned on appeal . Early life , education , and academic career . Born in Jacksonville , Florida , Brown earned a bachelor of science degree from Florida A&M University in 1969 She earned a masters degree in 1971 from Florida A&M University , and in 1974 received an educational specialist degree from the University of Florida . Florida Legislature . After an unsuccessful bid for the Florida House of Representatives in 1980 , Brown was elected two years later from a newly drawn House district and served in the House for ten years . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . 1992–2008 . After the 1990 census , the Florida legislature carved out a new 3rd congressional district in the northern part of the state . This district was designed to enclose an African-American majority within its boundaries . A horseshoe-shaped district encompassing largely African-American neighborhoods in Jacksonville , Gainesville , Orlando , Ocala , and Lake City , the 3rd district seemed likely to send Floridas first African-American to Congress since Reconstruction , and Brown decided to run . Brown faced several candidates in the 1992 Democratic primary , but the strongest opponent to emerge was Andy Johnson , a white talk radio host from Jacksonville . Brown defeated Johnson in the primary and in a two-candidate runoff , and went on to win the general election in November 1992 . In 1995 , the 3rd district was struck down by the United States Supreme Court as an unconstitutional racial gerrymander . One of the main instigators of the lawsuit that led to the redistricting was Browns 1992 opponent , Andy Johnson . Brown railed against the change , complaining that [ t ] he Bubba I beat couldnt win at the ballot box [ so ] he took it to court , in an interview with New Republic . Although the district was redrawn to be more compact and its black population decreased , Brown won reelection in 1996 . 2010 . On June 1 , 2009 , Brown announced she would form an exploratory committee for a possible run for the Democratic nomination for the U.S . Senate seat being vacated by Republican Mel Martinez saying , These are challenging times for Florida . Our economy is in a shambles and our families are hurting . Charlie Crist may be good at taking pictures and making promises , but what has he actually accomplished ? In October 2009 , it was announced that Brown would not run for Senate , and would seek reelection in the House of Representatives . 2012–2016 . After decennial redistricting in 2012 , Browns district was renumbered as the 5th district , but its basic shape remained the same , stretching from Jacksonville to Orlando . It was identified as one of the most gerrymandered districts in the country . The League of Women Voters of Florida and the Florida Democratic Party challenged the new redistricting plan in court , claiming that the new 5th district was drawn to favor its incumbent and the Republican Party by packing Democratic voters , in violation of the newly adopted Fair Districts Amendment . In 2015 , the Florida Supreme Court ruled that the congressional redistricting plan was a partisan gerrymander in violation of the Fair Districts Amendment , and ordered the 5th district to be substantially redrawn . Brown challenged the new court-ordered map in federal court , arguing that the new plan violated the federal Voting Rights Act . In April 2016 , the court ruled against Brown . The configuration approved by the Supreme Court made the new 5th district significantly more compact than its predecessor . It changed to an east-west direction along the Georgia border from downtown Jacksonville to Tallahassee . Brown ran for reelection in 2016 , even though she now found herself in a district that was over 62 percent new to her . After being indicted by a federal grand jury and facing trial on 22 federal felony criminal counts , Brown was defeated in the Democratic primary by former state senator Al Lawson of Tallahassee , who went on to win in November . Tenure . In 2006 , she voted no on the Child Custody Protection Act , Public Expression of Religion Act , Electronic Surveillance Modernization Act , Military Commissions Act , and Private Property Rights Implementation Act of 2006 . She voted yes on the SAFE Port Act . On September 29 , 2008 , Brown voted for the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 . Interest group ratings . In terms of interest group ratings , Brown held high percentages in pro-choice groups such as the Florida Alliance of Planned Parenthood Affiliates – Positions on Reproductive Rights ( for which she has a 100% rating ) , NARAL Pro-Choice America – Positions ( 100% ) , National Family Planning & Reproductive Health Association – House of Representatives Score ( 100% ) . Brown overall held high percentage rates from other issue groups involving animal and wildlife issues , senior and security issues , labor , education , and welfare and poverty . Meanwhile , Browns ratings were lower in issues that deal with agriculture and economics such as National Taxpayers Union – Positions on Tax and Spending ( 5% ) , American Farm Bureau Federation – Positions ( 33% ) , and United States Chamber of Commerce – Positions ( 13% ) . Other relatively low rates for Brown from interest groups include trade , conservative issues , national security , indigenous peoples issues , gun issues , immigration , and foreign aid and policy issues . The ratings do not necessarily correlate with Browns positions or votes on certain issues during her time as a representative in the House . Political controversies . National Baptist Convention check In 1998 , Brown was questioned by the House Ethics Committee about receiving a $10,000 check from National Baptist Convention leader and long-time associate , Henry Lyons . Brown confirmed receiving the check and denied she had used the money improperly . Brown said that she had taken the check and converted it into another check made out to Pameron Bus Tours to pay for transportation to a rally she organized in Tallahassee . She said that she didnt have to report the money , and that she had been cleared , explaining the rally was to protest the reorganization of her district lines , and she did not use it for herself . Forgery . The Federal Election Commission admonished Brown and Browns former campaign treasurer quit after he discovered that his name had been forged on her campaign reports . The staffer alleged to have forged the treasurers signature stayed with Brown and as of 1998 was her chief of staff . Congressional Accountability Project . On June 9 , 1998 , the Congressional Accountability Project voted to conduct a formal inquiry regarding Brown . The Project called for the U.S . House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct to determine whether Brown had violated House ethics rules . One of the complaints was that Browns adult daughter , Shantrel Brown , had received a luxury automobile as a gift from an agent of a Malian swindler and millionaire named Foutanga Babani Sissoko . Sissoko , a friend of Congresswoman Brown , had been imprisoned in Miami after pleading guilty to charges of bribing a customs officer . Brown had worked to secure his release , pressuring U.S . Attorney General Janet Reno to deport Sissoko back to his homeland as an alternative to continued incarceration . The Project held this violated the House gift rule , but Brown denied she had acted improperly . The congressional subcommittee investigating Brown found insufficient evidence to issue a Statement of Alleged Violation , but said she had acted with poor judgment in connection with Sissoko . 2000 presidential election . Brown and other members of the House of Representatives objected to counting the 25 electoral votes from Florida which George W . Bush narrowly won after a contentious recount . Because no senator joined her objection , the objection was dismissed by Vice President Al Gore , who was Bushs opponent in the 2000 presidential election . In July 2004 , Brown was rebuked by the House of Representatives after she referred to the disputed 2000 presidential election in Florida as a coup détat . This comment came during floor debate over HR 4818 , which would have provided for international monitoring of the 2004 U.S . presidential election . 2004 presidential election . Brown was one of the 31 representatives who voted against counting the electoral votes from Ohio in the 2004 United States presidential election . President George W . Bush won Ohio by 118,457 votes . Without Ohios electoral votes , the election would have been decided by the U.S . House of Representatives , with each state having one vote in accordance with the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution . Campaign finances . During her 2009–2010 campaign , Brown raised up to $966,669 from fundraising . Browns top contributors included CSX Corporation , a railroad-based freight transportation company with its headquarters in Jacksonville ; Carnival Corporation , cruise line operator ; Picerne Real Estate Group ; Union Pacific Corp and Berkshire Hathaway , which owns BNSF Railway . Browns top industry contributors included those railroads , lawyers/farm firms , real estate , transportation unions , and sea transportation . Top sectors in Browns 2009–2010 campaign included transportation , lawyers and lobbyists , labor , construction , and finance/insurance/real estate . During her campaign , the largest source of funds was given by large individual companies , which accounted for 54% of the contributions , and PAC contributions , which accounted for 36% . Sources of funds also included small individual contributions , self-financing on Browns part and other sources . Felony fraud conviction . In July 2016 , Brown and her chief of staff , Elias Ronnie Simmons , pleaded not guilty to a 22 count federal indictment in relation to a non-profit charity , One Door for Education Foundation . The indictment included charges of participating in a conspiracy to commit mail and wire fraud , multiple counts of mail and wire fraud , concealing material facts on required financial disclosure forms , theft of government property , obstruction of the Internal Revenue Service laws , and filing false tax returns . Federal prosecutors allege the charity was to give scholarships to underprivileged students , but instead acted as the personal slush fund for Brown and her associates . The indictment said that Brown and Simmons filled the coffers of Brown and her associates with One Door donations for their personal and professional benefit , totaling $800,000 , much of which was deposited in cash to Browns personal bank accounts . On May 11 , 2017 , former congresswoman Brown was convicted on 18 of 22 corruption charges ranging from mail fraud to filing a false federal tax return . On December 4 , 2017 , she was sentenced to five years in prison and ordered to pay restitution . She reported on January 29 , 2018 to Coleman Federal Correctional Complex in Sumter County , Florida , near Wildwood , to begin her sentence . She appealed her conviction , and collected her Congressional pension until her appeal concluded . Corrine Brown lost her appeal on January 10 , 2020 . Brown was released from prison on April 22 , 2020 citing health concerns . Her attorney argued she was at increased risk of COVID-19 because of her age and underlying health conditions . Conviction overturned . On May 6 , 2021 , the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals overturned her conviction , ruling in a 7-4 decision that a juror had been improperly removed from Brown’s trial during deliberations by the trial judge , Timothy J . Corrigan , because the juror had claimed the Holy Spirit had spoken to him . The courts opinion remanded the case back to the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida for a new trial . The Justice Department still could appeal the Circuit Courts decision to the United States Supreme Court . Committee assignments . - Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure - Subcommittee on Aviation - Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation - Subcommittee on Railroads , Pipelines , and Hazardous Materials ( Ranking Member ) - Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment - Committee on Veterans Affairs - Subcommittee on Health
|
[
"North Carolina House of Representatives"
] |
easy
|
Roy Cooper took which position from 1987 to 1991?
|
/wiki/Roy_Cooper#P39#0
|
Roy Cooper Roy Asberry Cooper III ( born June 13 , 1957 ) is an American attorney and politician serving as the 75th governor of North Carolina since 2017 . A member of the Democratic Party , he served as the 49th attorney general of North Carolina from 2001 to 2016 . He also served in the North Carolina General Assembly in both the House of Representatives ( 1987–1991 ) and Senate ( 1991–2001 ) . Cooper defeated Republican incumbent Pat McCrory for the governorship in a close race in the 2016 election . On December 5 , McCrory conceded the election , making Cooper the first challenger to defeat a sitting governor in the states history . Cooper took office on January 1 , 2017 . The Republican-dominated legislature passed bills in a special session before he took office to reduce the power of the governors office . The legislature has overridden several of his vetoes of legislation . Cooper was reelected in 2020 , defeating Republican nominee and incumbent Lieutenant Governor Dan Forest . Early life and education . Roy Asberry Cooper III was born on June 13 , 1957 , in Nashville , North Carolina to Beverly Batchelor and Roy Asberry Cooper II . His mother was a teacher and his father a lawyer . He attended public school and worked on his parents tobacco farm during summer . He graduated from Northern Nash High School in 1975 . He received the Morehead Scholarship at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for his undergraduate studies . He was elected president of the universitys Young Democrats . He earned a Juris Doctor degree from the University of North Carolina School of Law in 1982 . State legislature . After practicing law with his familys law firm for a number of years , Cooper was elected to the North Carolina House of Representatives in 1986 . He was appointed to the North Carolina Senate in 1991 to serve the remainder of a term of a senator who had vacated his seat . In 1997 , he was elected as Democratic majority leader of the State Senate . He continued to practice law as the managing partner of Fields & Cooper in Rocky Mount and Nashville , North Carolina . North Carolina Attorney General . Elections . Cooper was elected North Carolina attorney general in November 2000 and took office on January 6 , 2001 ; he was reelected in 2004 . Cooper was mentioned as a possible Democratic candidate for governor in 2008 , but decided to run for reelection as attorney general instead . He was easily reelected , defeating Republican Bob Crumley and garnering more votes than any other statewide candidate in the 2008 attorney general election . Both state and national Democrats attempted to recruit him to run against Republican U.S . Senator Richard Burr in 2010 , but he declined . In 2012 , politicians suggested him as a possible candidate for governor of North Carolina after incumbent Governor Bev Perdue announced her retirement , but Cooper declined to run . His political consultant announced in 2011 that Cooper would seek a fourth term in 2012 . He was unopposed in both the Democratic primary and the general election . In the November 2012 elections , Cooper received 2,828,941 votes . Tenure . In January 2007 , when Durham District Attorney Mike Nifong asked to be recused from dealing with the Duke lacrosse case , Coopers office assumed responsibility for the case . On April 11 , 2007 , after revelations of Nifongs withholding of evidence , fabrications , and other ethics violations , Cooper dismissed the case against the Duke lacrosse team players , taking the extraordinary step of declaring them innocent and victims of a tragic rush to accuse . The decision won him bipartisan praise . Two days after the 2007 Virginia Tech shooting , he created the Campus Safety Task Force to analyze school shootings and make policy recommendations to help the government prevent and respond to them . The committee delivered its report to him in January 2008 . After the release of the task forces findings , Cooper assisted members of the North Carolina General Assembly in passing a law that required court clerks to record involuntary commitments in a national gun permit database . After a 2010 decision by a three-judge panel to exonerate Gregory Taylor , who had served nearly 17 years for the first-degree murder of Jaquetta Thomas , Cooper ordered an audit after it was learned that officials at the North Carolina State Bureau of Investigation forensic lab had withheld information . This suppression of evidence had contributed to Taylors conviction for murder . The audit was released in 2010 ; it found that it had been common practice for two decades for a select group of agents at the State Bureau of Investigation to withhold information . In addition , they did not keep up with scientific standards and the latest tests . The two investigators , Chris Swecker and Micheal Fox , cited almost 230 cases that were tainted by these actions . Three people convicted in such cases had been executed ; 80 defendants convicted were still in prison . A massive state effort was undertaken to follow up on their cases . In 2011 Cooper argued his first case before the United States Supreme Court , J . D . B . v . North Carolina , a case related to Miranda rights in juvenile cases . The Court ruled 5–4 against North Carolina . Governor of North Carolina . Elections . 2016 . Cooper ran for governor of North Carolina in the 2016 election against incumbent Republican Pat McCrory . In March 2016 , the North Carolina General Assembly passed the Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act—commonly known as House Bill 2—which McCrory signed into law . Numerous corporations began boycotting the state in protest of the law , cancelling job investment and expansion plans . Cooper denounced the law as unconstitutional and refused to defend it in court in his capacity as attorney general . As a result of the economic damage the law caused , McCrorys approval rating fell dramatically in the months before the election . When initial election results showed Cooper leading , McCrory claimed without evidence that the election had been manipulated by voter fraud . Recounts resulted in slightly higher margins of victory for Cooper , and after an extended legal battle , McCrory conceded the election on December 5 . Out of 4.7 million total ballots , Cooper won by 10,227 votes . 2020 . On December 5 , 2019 , Cooper announced his candidacy for reelection . He won the November 3 election , defeating Republican nominee Lieutenant Governor Dan Forest . Transition . Dismayed by Coopers win , the General Assembly passed special legislation before he was inaugurated to reduce the power of the governors office . In what The New York Times described as a surprise special session , Republican legislators moved to strip Coopers powers before he assumed the governorship on January 1 , 2017 . Throughout December , Cooper oversaw an attempt to repeal the Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act . The repeal attempt failed after a deal between state Republican and Democratic lawmakers and Charlotte officials fell apart . Tenure . After taking office , as of January 6 , 2017 , Cooper requested federal approval for Medicaid coverage expansion in North Carolina . Effective January 15 , however , a federal judge halted Coopers request , an order that expired on January 29 . In his first months in office Cooper focused on repealing the Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act . After long negotiations with Republican state legislators , Cooper agreed in late March to sign a law that prohibited North Carolina cities from passing local ordinances pertaining to public accommodations or employment practices for three years in exchange for the reversal of the facilities act . On May 9 , 2017 , President Donald Trump appointed Cooper to a commission tasked with reducing opioid addiction . After the Supreme Court of the United States declared North Carolinas legislative maps unconstitutional , Cooper called for a special redistricting session on June 7 , 2017 . But the House and Senate cancelled the session , calling it unconstitutional . On June 29 , Cooper signed the STOP Act , an overhaul of the prescribing and dispensing regulations of opioids . On July 1 , Cooper signed a bill to allow alcohol sales after 10 AM on Sundays , nicknamed the Brunch Bill . On July 11 , Cooper signed Britneys Law , which states a homicide is first-degree murder if the killing was committed with malice and the defendant has been convicted of domestic violence or stalking the victim . He also signed two bills to allow domestic violence protective orders granted by a judge to fully go into effect even when they are under appeal and to expand the states revenge porn law from cases involving former lovers to those involving strangers . On July 12 , Cooper signed a bill that would add lessons on what to do when pulled over by law enforcement to the states drivers education curriculum . The bill passed both chambers unanimously . On July 26 , 2017 , Cooper signed a bill to mount cameras on school buses in order to reduce drivers who illegally pass stopped school buses . On August 31 , 2017 , he declared a state of emergency due to plummeting gas supply , which was rescinded on September 18 . Coopers fellow Appalachian governors elected him co-chair of the Appalachian Regional Commission for 2019 , making him the first North Carolina governor to co-chair the ARC since Jim Hunt in 1978 . In the November 2018 elections , the Republican Party lost seats in the General Assembly , ending its supermajorities in both houses and rendering it unable to override gubernatorial vetoes . On March 6 , 2019 , Cooper proposed a $25.2 billion budget for the year . It included salary increases for public school teachers and state workers , expansion of Medicaid , and a $3.9 billion bond ( subject to a referendum ) to help fund school construction and local infrastructure projects . Cooper said that he was confident he could get the legislature , without enough Republican members to override a veto , to implement some of his ideas . On March 10 , 2020 , Cooper declared a state of emergency in North Carolina due to the COVID-19 pandemic . Four days later , he issued an executive order banning gatherings of over 100 people , and closed all K-12 schools for two weeks . Vetoes . Coopers first veto as governor was of a bill that would make elections to the North Carolina Superior Court and to the District Court partisan , after being conducted on a nonpartisan basis for many years . The House overrode the veto on March 22 , 2017 . The Senate followed suit on March 23 , resulting in the bill becoming law over Coopers objection . Cooper vetoed a bill on April 21 , 2017 , to reduce the size of the North Carolina Court of Appeals by three judges . The veto was overridden on April 26 . He also vetoed a bill on April 21 , 2017 , that would create a new State Board of Elections ( and new county boards of elections ) split evenly between the Republicans and the Democrats . It would replace the longstanding system that gave the governors party a majority on the board . Both houses of the legislature voted to override the veto on April 24 and 25 . Cooper also vetoed a bill that would limit individuals ability to sue hog farms . This veto was also overridden by the legislature . On June 27 , Cooper vetoed the proposed state budget , which he had called irresponsible the day before . In his veto message , Cooper cited the budgets income tax cuts and argued it lacks structural integrity by failing to account for population growth , inflation and looming federal reductions , by using one-time revenue for recurring expenses , and by adopting a tax plan that will cause the state to fail to fund promised teacher salary increases in future years and the proposed bill included provisions that infringe upon the governors ability to faithfully execute the laws , including the administration of this Act , as required by the Constitution , and violating the separation of powers . The legislature overrode his veto the next day . In July 2017 , Cooper vetoed a bill to authorize nonprofit organizations to operate game nights , saying it would unintentionally create a new opportunity for the video poker industry . In December 2018 , the North Carolina General Assembly passed a bill that would require new primary elections if a do-over election was called in the 9th district election . Cooper vetoed the bill due to a provision that made campaign finance investigations less public , but the General Assembly overrode his veto . In total , during his first two years in office , Cooper vetoed 28 bills , 23 of which were overridden by the legislature . In May 2019 , Cooper vetoed a bill that proposed punishments in the form of prison time and fines against physicians and nurses who do not resuscitate newborns that survive an abortion . He said that the bill is an unnecessary interference between doctors and their patients and that laws already protect newborn babies . Personal life . Roy Cooper is married to Kristin Cooper ( née Bernhardt ) , who worked as a guardian ad litem for foster children in Wake County . They have three daughters , who all graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . They reside in the Executive Mansion . Cooper has taught Sunday school classes , serving as a deacon and elder at First Presbyterian Church of Raleigh , and is an avid fan of the NHLs Carolina Hurricanes . External links . - Governor Roy Cooper official government website - Roy Cooper for Governor official campaign website
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[
"North Carolina Senate"
] |
easy
|
What position did Roy Cooper take from 1991 to 2001?
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/wiki/Roy_Cooper#P39#1
|
Roy Cooper Roy Asberry Cooper III ( born June 13 , 1957 ) is an American attorney and politician serving as the 75th governor of North Carolina since 2017 . A member of the Democratic Party , he served as the 49th attorney general of North Carolina from 2001 to 2016 . He also served in the North Carolina General Assembly in both the House of Representatives ( 1987–1991 ) and Senate ( 1991–2001 ) . Cooper defeated Republican incumbent Pat McCrory for the governorship in a close race in the 2016 election . On December 5 , McCrory conceded the election , making Cooper the first challenger to defeat a sitting governor in the states history . Cooper took office on January 1 , 2017 . The Republican-dominated legislature passed bills in a special session before he took office to reduce the power of the governors office . The legislature has overridden several of his vetoes of legislation . Cooper was reelected in 2020 , defeating Republican nominee and incumbent Lieutenant Governor Dan Forest . Early life and education . Roy Asberry Cooper III was born on June 13 , 1957 , in Nashville , North Carolina to Beverly Batchelor and Roy Asberry Cooper II . His mother was a teacher and his father a lawyer . He attended public school and worked on his parents tobacco farm during summer . He graduated from Northern Nash High School in 1975 . He received the Morehead Scholarship at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for his undergraduate studies . He was elected president of the universitys Young Democrats . He earned a Juris Doctor degree from the University of North Carolina School of Law in 1982 . State legislature . After practicing law with his familys law firm for a number of years , Cooper was elected to the North Carolina House of Representatives in 1986 . He was appointed to the North Carolina Senate in 1991 to serve the remainder of a term of a senator who had vacated his seat . In 1997 , he was elected as Democratic majority leader of the State Senate . He continued to practice law as the managing partner of Fields & Cooper in Rocky Mount and Nashville , North Carolina . North Carolina Attorney General . Elections . Cooper was elected North Carolina attorney general in November 2000 and took office on January 6 , 2001 ; he was reelected in 2004 . Cooper was mentioned as a possible Democratic candidate for governor in 2008 , but decided to run for reelection as attorney general instead . He was easily reelected , defeating Republican Bob Crumley and garnering more votes than any other statewide candidate in the 2008 attorney general election . Both state and national Democrats attempted to recruit him to run against Republican U.S . Senator Richard Burr in 2010 , but he declined . In 2012 , politicians suggested him as a possible candidate for governor of North Carolina after incumbent Governor Bev Perdue announced her retirement , but Cooper declined to run . His political consultant announced in 2011 that Cooper would seek a fourth term in 2012 . He was unopposed in both the Democratic primary and the general election . In the November 2012 elections , Cooper received 2,828,941 votes . Tenure . In January 2007 , when Durham District Attorney Mike Nifong asked to be recused from dealing with the Duke lacrosse case , Coopers office assumed responsibility for the case . On April 11 , 2007 , after revelations of Nifongs withholding of evidence , fabrications , and other ethics violations , Cooper dismissed the case against the Duke lacrosse team players , taking the extraordinary step of declaring them innocent and victims of a tragic rush to accuse . The decision won him bipartisan praise . Two days after the 2007 Virginia Tech shooting , he created the Campus Safety Task Force to analyze school shootings and make policy recommendations to help the government prevent and respond to them . The committee delivered its report to him in January 2008 . After the release of the task forces findings , Cooper assisted members of the North Carolina General Assembly in passing a law that required court clerks to record involuntary commitments in a national gun permit database . After a 2010 decision by a three-judge panel to exonerate Gregory Taylor , who had served nearly 17 years for the first-degree murder of Jaquetta Thomas , Cooper ordered an audit after it was learned that officials at the North Carolina State Bureau of Investigation forensic lab had withheld information . This suppression of evidence had contributed to Taylors conviction for murder . The audit was released in 2010 ; it found that it had been common practice for two decades for a select group of agents at the State Bureau of Investigation to withhold information . In addition , they did not keep up with scientific standards and the latest tests . The two investigators , Chris Swecker and Micheal Fox , cited almost 230 cases that were tainted by these actions . Three people convicted in such cases had been executed ; 80 defendants convicted were still in prison . A massive state effort was undertaken to follow up on their cases . In 2011 Cooper argued his first case before the United States Supreme Court , J . D . B . v . North Carolina , a case related to Miranda rights in juvenile cases . The Court ruled 5–4 against North Carolina . Governor of North Carolina . Elections . 2016 . Cooper ran for governor of North Carolina in the 2016 election against incumbent Republican Pat McCrory . In March 2016 , the North Carolina General Assembly passed the Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act—commonly known as House Bill 2—which McCrory signed into law . Numerous corporations began boycotting the state in protest of the law , cancelling job investment and expansion plans . Cooper denounced the law as unconstitutional and refused to defend it in court in his capacity as attorney general . As a result of the economic damage the law caused , McCrorys approval rating fell dramatically in the months before the election . When initial election results showed Cooper leading , McCrory claimed without evidence that the election had been manipulated by voter fraud . Recounts resulted in slightly higher margins of victory for Cooper , and after an extended legal battle , McCrory conceded the election on December 5 . Out of 4.7 million total ballots , Cooper won by 10,227 votes . 2020 . On December 5 , 2019 , Cooper announced his candidacy for reelection . He won the November 3 election , defeating Republican nominee Lieutenant Governor Dan Forest . Transition . Dismayed by Coopers win , the General Assembly passed special legislation before he was inaugurated to reduce the power of the governors office . In what The New York Times described as a surprise special session , Republican legislators moved to strip Coopers powers before he assumed the governorship on January 1 , 2017 . Throughout December , Cooper oversaw an attempt to repeal the Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act . The repeal attempt failed after a deal between state Republican and Democratic lawmakers and Charlotte officials fell apart . Tenure . After taking office , as of January 6 , 2017 , Cooper requested federal approval for Medicaid coverage expansion in North Carolina . Effective January 15 , however , a federal judge halted Coopers request , an order that expired on January 29 . In his first months in office Cooper focused on repealing the Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act . After long negotiations with Republican state legislators , Cooper agreed in late March to sign a law that prohibited North Carolina cities from passing local ordinances pertaining to public accommodations or employment practices for three years in exchange for the reversal of the facilities act . On May 9 , 2017 , President Donald Trump appointed Cooper to a commission tasked with reducing opioid addiction . After the Supreme Court of the United States declared North Carolinas legislative maps unconstitutional , Cooper called for a special redistricting session on June 7 , 2017 . But the House and Senate cancelled the session , calling it unconstitutional . On June 29 , Cooper signed the STOP Act , an overhaul of the prescribing and dispensing regulations of opioids . On July 1 , Cooper signed a bill to allow alcohol sales after 10 AM on Sundays , nicknamed the Brunch Bill . On July 11 , Cooper signed Britneys Law , which states a homicide is first-degree murder if the killing was committed with malice and the defendant has been convicted of domestic violence or stalking the victim . He also signed two bills to allow domestic violence protective orders granted by a judge to fully go into effect even when they are under appeal and to expand the states revenge porn law from cases involving former lovers to those involving strangers . On July 12 , Cooper signed a bill that would add lessons on what to do when pulled over by law enforcement to the states drivers education curriculum . The bill passed both chambers unanimously . On July 26 , 2017 , Cooper signed a bill to mount cameras on school buses in order to reduce drivers who illegally pass stopped school buses . On August 31 , 2017 , he declared a state of emergency due to plummeting gas supply , which was rescinded on September 18 . Coopers fellow Appalachian governors elected him co-chair of the Appalachian Regional Commission for 2019 , making him the first North Carolina governor to co-chair the ARC since Jim Hunt in 1978 . In the November 2018 elections , the Republican Party lost seats in the General Assembly , ending its supermajorities in both houses and rendering it unable to override gubernatorial vetoes . On March 6 , 2019 , Cooper proposed a $25.2 billion budget for the year . It included salary increases for public school teachers and state workers , expansion of Medicaid , and a $3.9 billion bond ( subject to a referendum ) to help fund school construction and local infrastructure projects . Cooper said that he was confident he could get the legislature , without enough Republican members to override a veto , to implement some of his ideas . On March 10 , 2020 , Cooper declared a state of emergency in North Carolina due to the COVID-19 pandemic . Four days later , he issued an executive order banning gatherings of over 100 people , and closed all K-12 schools for two weeks . Vetoes . Coopers first veto as governor was of a bill that would make elections to the North Carolina Superior Court and to the District Court partisan , after being conducted on a nonpartisan basis for many years . The House overrode the veto on March 22 , 2017 . The Senate followed suit on March 23 , resulting in the bill becoming law over Coopers objection . Cooper vetoed a bill on April 21 , 2017 , to reduce the size of the North Carolina Court of Appeals by three judges . The veto was overridden on April 26 . He also vetoed a bill on April 21 , 2017 , that would create a new State Board of Elections ( and new county boards of elections ) split evenly between the Republicans and the Democrats . It would replace the longstanding system that gave the governors party a majority on the board . Both houses of the legislature voted to override the veto on April 24 and 25 . Cooper also vetoed a bill that would limit individuals ability to sue hog farms . This veto was also overridden by the legislature . On June 27 , Cooper vetoed the proposed state budget , which he had called irresponsible the day before . In his veto message , Cooper cited the budgets income tax cuts and argued it lacks structural integrity by failing to account for population growth , inflation and looming federal reductions , by using one-time revenue for recurring expenses , and by adopting a tax plan that will cause the state to fail to fund promised teacher salary increases in future years and the proposed bill included provisions that infringe upon the governors ability to faithfully execute the laws , including the administration of this Act , as required by the Constitution , and violating the separation of powers . The legislature overrode his veto the next day . In July 2017 , Cooper vetoed a bill to authorize nonprofit organizations to operate game nights , saying it would unintentionally create a new opportunity for the video poker industry . In December 2018 , the North Carolina General Assembly passed a bill that would require new primary elections if a do-over election was called in the 9th district election . Cooper vetoed the bill due to a provision that made campaign finance investigations less public , but the General Assembly overrode his veto . In total , during his first two years in office , Cooper vetoed 28 bills , 23 of which were overridden by the legislature . In May 2019 , Cooper vetoed a bill that proposed punishments in the form of prison time and fines against physicians and nurses who do not resuscitate newborns that survive an abortion . He said that the bill is an unnecessary interference between doctors and their patients and that laws already protect newborn babies . Personal life . Roy Cooper is married to Kristin Cooper ( née Bernhardt ) , who worked as a guardian ad litem for foster children in Wake County . They have three daughters , who all graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . They reside in the Executive Mansion . Cooper has taught Sunday school classes , serving as a deacon and elder at First Presbyterian Church of Raleigh , and is an avid fan of the NHLs Carolina Hurricanes . External links . - Governor Roy Cooper official government website - Roy Cooper for Governor official campaign website
|
[
"North Carolina attorney general"
] |
easy
|
Which position did Roy Cooper hold from 2001 to 2017?
|
/wiki/Roy_Cooper#P39#2
|
Roy Cooper Roy Asberry Cooper III ( born June 13 , 1957 ) is an American attorney and politician serving as the 75th governor of North Carolina since 2017 . A member of the Democratic Party , he served as the 49th attorney general of North Carolina from 2001 to 2016 . He also served in the North Carolina General Assembly in both the House of Representatives ( 1987–1991 ) and Senate ( 1991–2001 ) . Cooper defeated Republican incumbent Pat McCrory for the governorship in a close race in the 2016 election . On December 5 , McCrory conceded the election , making Cooper the first challenger to defeat a sitting governor in the states history . Cooper took office on January 1 , 2017 . The Republican-dominated legislature passed bills in a special session before he took office to reduce the power of the governors office . The legislature has overridden several of his vetoes of legislation . Cooper was reelected in 2020 , defeating Republican nominee and incumbent Lieutenant Governor Dan Forest . Early life and education . Roy Asberry Cooper III was born on June 13 , 1957 , in Nashville , North Carolina to Beverly Batchelor and Roy Asberry Cooper II . His mother was a teacher and his father a lawyer . He attended public school and worked on his parents tobacco farm during summer . He graduated from Northern Nash High School in 1975 . He received the Morehead Scholarship at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for his undergraduate studies . He was elected president of the universitys Young Democrats . He earned a Juris Doctor degree from the University of North Carolina School of Law in 1982 . State legislature . After practicing law with his familys law firm for a number of years , Cooper was elected to the North Carolina House of Representatives in 1986 . He was appointed to the North Carolina Senate in 1991 to serve the remainder of a term of a senator who had vacated his seat . In 1997 , he was elected as Democratic majority leader of the State Senate . He continued to practice law as the managing partner of Fields & Cooper in Rocky Mount and Nashville , North Carolina . North Carolina Attorney General . Elections . Cooper was elected North Carolina attorney general in November 2000 and took office on January 6 , 2001 ; he was reelected in 2004 . Cooper was mentioned as a possible Democratic candidate for governor in 2008 , but decided to run for reelection as attorney general instead . He was easily reelected , defeating Republican Bob Crumley and garnering more votes than any other statewide candidate in the 2008 attorney general election . Both state and national Democrats attempted to recruit him to run against Republican U.S . Senator Richard Burr in 2010 , but he declined . In 2012 , politicians suggested him as a possible candidate for governor of North Carolina after incumbent Governor Bev Perdue announced her retirement , but Cooper declined to run . His political consultant announced in 2011 that Cooper would seek a fourth term in 2012 . He was unopposed in both the Democratic primary and the general election . In the November 2012 elections , Cooper received 2,828,941 votes . Tenure . In January 2007 , when Durham District Attorney Mike Nifong asked to be recused from dealing with the Duke lacrosse case , Coopers office assumed responsibility for the case . On April 11 , 2007 , after revelations of Nifongs withholding of evidence , fabrications , and other ethics violations , Cooper dismissed the case against the Duke lacrosse team players , taking the extraordinary step of declaring them innocent and victims of a tragic rush to accuse . The decision won him bipartisan praise . Two days after the 2007 Virginia Tech shooting , he created the Campus Safety Task Force to analyze school shootings and make policy recommendations to help the government prevent and respond to them . The committee delivered its report to him in January 2008 . After the release of the task forces findings , Cooper assisted members of the North Carolina General Assembly in passing a law that required court clerks to record involuntary commitments in a national gun permit database . After a 2010 decision by a three-judge panel to exonerate Gregory Taylor , who had served nearly 17 years for the first-degree murder of Jaquetta Thomas , Cooper ordered an audit after it was learned that officials at the North Carolina State Bureau of Investigation forensic lab had withheld information . This suppression of evidence had contributed to Taylors conviction for murder . The audit was released in 2010 ; it found that it had been common practice for two decades for a select group of agents at the State Bureau of Investigation to withhold information . In addition , they did not keep up with scientific standards and the latest tests . The two investigators , Chris Swecker and Micheal Fox , cited almost 230 cases that were tainted by these actions . Three people convicted in such cases had been executed ; 80 defendants convicted were still in prison . A massive state effort was undertaken to follow up on their cases . In 2011 Cooper argued his first case before the United States Supreme Court , J . D . B . v . North Carolina , a case related to Miranda rights in juvenile cases . The Court ruled 5–4 against North Carolina . Governor of North Carolina . Elections . 2016 . Cooper ran for governor of North Carolina in the 2016 election against incumbent Republican Pat McCrory . In March 2016 , the North Carolina General Assembly passed the Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act—commonly known as House Bill 2—which McCrory signed into law . Numerous corporations began boycotting the state in protest of the law , cancelling job investment and expansion plans . Cooper denounced the law as unconstitutional and refused to defend it in court in his capacity as attorney general . As a result of the economic damage the law caused , McCrorys approval rating fell dramatically in the months before the election . When initial election results showed Cooper leading , McCrory claimed without evidence that the election had been manipulated by voter fraud . Recounts resulted in slightly higher margins of victory for Cooper , and after an extended legal battle , McCrory conceded the election on December 5 . Out of 4.7 million total ballots , Cooper won by 10,227 votes . 2020 . On December 5 , 2019 , Cooper announced his candidacy for reelection . He won the November 3 election , defeating Republican nominee Lieutenant Governor Dan Forest . Transition . Dismayed by Coopers win , the General Assembly passed special legislation before he was inaugurated to reduce the power of the governors office . In what The New York Times described as a surprise special session , Republican legislators moved to strip Coopers powers before he assumed the governorship on January 1 , 2017 . Throughout December , Cooper oversaw an attempt to repeal the Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act . The repeal attempt failed after a deal between state Republican and Democratic lawmakers and Charlotte officials fell apart . Tenure . After taking office , as of January 6 , 2017 , Cooper requested federal approval for Medicaid coverage expansion in North Carolina . Effective January 15 , however , a federal judge halted Coopers request , an order that expired on January 29 . In his first months in office Cooper focused on repealing the Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act . After long negotiations with Republican state legislators , Cooper agreed in late March to sign a law that prohibited North Carolina cities from passing local ordinances pertaining to public accommodations or employment practices for three years in exchange for the reversal of the facilities act . On May 9 , 2017 , President Donald Trump appointed Cooper to a commission tasked with reducing opioid addiction . After the Supreme Court of the United States declared North Carolinas legislative maps unconstitutional , Cooper called for a special redistricting session on June 7 , 2017 . But the House and Senate cancelled the session , calling it unconstitutional . On June 29 , Cooper signed the STOP Act , an overhaul of the prescribing and dispensing regulations of opioids . On July 1 , Cooper signed a bill to allow alcohol sales after 10 AM on Sundays , nicknamed the Brunch Bill . On July 11 , Cooper signed Britneys Law , which states a homicide is first-degree murder if the killing was committed with malice and the defendant has been convicted of domestic violence or stalking the victim . He also signed two bills to allow domestic violence protective orders granted by a judge to fully go into effect even when they are under appeal and to expand the states revenge porn law from cases involving former lovers to those involving strangers . On July 12 , Cooper signed a bill that would add lessons on what to do when pulled over by law enforcement to the states drivers education curriculum . The bill passed both chambers unanimously . On July 26 , 2017 , Cooper signed a bill to mount cameras on school buses in order to reduce drivers who illegally pass stopped school buses . On August 31 , 2017 , he declared a state of emergency due to plummeting gas supply , which was rescinded on September 18 . Coopers fellow Appalachian governors elected him co-chair of the Appalachian Regional Commission for 2019 , making him the first North Carolina governor to co-chair the ARC since Jim Hunt in 1978 . In the November 2018 elections , the Republican Party lost seats in the General Assembly , ending its supermajorities in both houses and rendering it unable to override gubernatorial vetoes . On March 6 , 2019 , Cooper proposed a $25.2 billion budget for the year . It included salary increases for public school teachers and state workers , expansion of Medicaid , and a $3.9 billion bond ( subject to a referendum ) to help fund school construction and local infrastructure projects . Cooper said that he was confident he could get the legislature , without enough Republican members to override a veto , to implement some of his ideas . On March 10 , 2020 , Cooper declared a state of emergency in North Carolina due to the COVID-19 pandemic . Four days later , he issued an executive order banning gatherings of over 100 people , and closed all K-12 schools for two weeks . Vetoes . Coopers first veto as governor was of a bill that would make elections to the North Carolina Superior Court and to the District Court partisan , after being conducted on a nonpartisan basis for many years . The House overrode the veto on March 22 , 2017 . The Senate followed suit on March 23 , resulting in the bill becoming law over Coopers objection . Cooper vetoed a bill on April 21 , 2017 , to reduce the size of the North Carolina Court of Appeals by three judges . The veto was overridden on April 26 . He also vetoed a bill on April 21 , 2017 , that would create a new State Board of Elections ( and new county boards of elections ) split evenly between the Republicans and the Democrats . It would replace the longstanding system that gave the governors party a majority on the board . Both houses of the legislature voted to override the veto on April 24 and 25 . Cooper also vetoed a bill that would limit individuals ability to sue hog farms . This veto was also overridden by the legislature . On June 27 , Cooper vetoed the proposed state budget , which he had called irresponsible the day before . In his veto message , Cooper cited the budgets income tax cuts and argued it lacks structural integrity by failing to account for population growth , inflation and looming federal reductions , by using one-time revenue for recurring expenses , and by adopting a tax plan that will cause the state to fail to fund promised teacher salary increases in future years and the proposed bill included provisions that infringe upon the governors ability to faithfully execute the laws , including the administration of this Act , as required by the Constitution , and violating the separation of powers . The legislature overrode his veto the next day . In July 2017 , Cooper vetoed a bill to authorize nonprofit organizations to operate game nights , saying it would unintentionally create a new opportunity for the video poker industry . In December 2018 , the North Carolina General Assembly passed a bill that would require new primary elections if a do-over election was called in the 9th district election . Cooper vetoed the bill due to a provision that made campaign finance investigations less public , but the General Assembly overrode his veto . In total , during his first two years in office , Cooper vetoed 28 bills , 23 of which were overridden by the legislature . In May 2019 , Cooper vetoed a bill that proposed punishments in the form of prison time and fines against physicians and nurses who do not resuscitate newborns that survive an abortion . He said that the bill is an unnecessary interference between doctors and their patients and that laws already protect newborn babies . Personal life . Roy Cooper is married to Kristin Cooper ( née Bernhardt ) , who worked as a guardian ad litem for foster children in Wake County . They have three daughters , who all graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . They reside in the Executive Mansion . Cooper has taught Sunday school classes , serving as a deacon and elder at First Presbyterian Church of Raleigh , and is an avid fan of the NHLs Carolina Hurricanes . External links . - Governor Roy Cooper official government website - Roy Cooper for Governor official campaign website
|
[
"governor of North Carolina"
] |
easy
|
Which position did Roy Cooper hold from 2017 to 2018?
|
/wiki/Roy_Cooper#P39#3
|
Roy Cooper Roy Asberry Cooper III ( born June 13 , 1957 ) is an American attorney and politician serving as the 75th governor of North Carolina since 2017 . A member of the Democratic Party , he served as the 49th attorney general of North Carolina from 2001 to 2016 . He also served in the North Carolina General Assembly in both the House of Representatives ( 1987–1991 ) and Senate ( 1991–2001 ) . Cooper defeated Republican incumbent Pat McCrory for the governorship in a close race in the 2016 election . On December 5 , McCrory conceded the election , making Cooper the first challenger to defeat a sitting governor in the states history . Cooper took office on January 1 , 2017 . The Republican-dominated legislature passed bills in a special session before he took office to reduce the power of the governors office . The legislature has overridden several of his vetoes of legislation . Cooper was reelected in 2020 , defeating Republican nominee and incumbent Lieutenant Governor Dan Forest . Early life and education . Roy Asberry Cooper III was born on June 13 , 1957 , in Nashville , North Carolina to Beverly Batchelor and Roy Asberry Cooper II . His mother was a teacher and his father a lawyer . He attended public school and worked on his parents tobacco farm during summer . He graduated from Northern Nash High School in 1975 . He received the Morehead Scholarship at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for his undergraduate studies . He was elected president of the universitys Young Democrats . He earned a Juris Doctor degree from the University of North Carolina School of Law in 1982 . State legislature . After practicing law with his familys law firm for a number of years , Cooper was elected to the North Carolina House of Representatives in 1986 . He was appointed to the North Carolina Senate in 1991 to serve the remainder of a term of a senator who had vacated his seat . In 1997 , he was elected as Democratic majority leader of the State Senate . He continued to practice law as the managing partner of Fields & Cooper in Rocky Mount and Nashville , North Carolina . North Carolina Attorney General . Elections . Cooper was elected North Carolina attorney general in November 2000 and took office on January 6 , 2001 ; he was reelected in 2004 . Cooper was mentioned as a possible Democratic candidate for governor in 2008 , but decided to run for reelection as attorney general instead . He was easily reelected , defeating Republican Bob Crumley and garnering more votes than any other statewide candidate in the 2008 attorney general election . Both state and national Democrats attempted to recruit him to run against Republican U.S . Senator Richard Burr in 2010 , but he declined . In 2012 , politicians suggested him as a possible candidate for governor of North Carolina after incumbent Governor Bev Perdue announced her retirement , but Cooper declined to run . His political consultant announced in 2011 that Cooper would seek a fourth term in 2012 . He was unopposed in both the Democratic primary and the general election . In the November 2012 elections , Cooper received 2,828,941 votes . Tenure . In January 2007 , when Durham District Attorney Mike Nifong asked to be recused from dealing with the Duke lacrosse case , Coopers office assumed responsibility for the case . On April 11 , 2007 , after revelations of Nifongs withholding of evidence , fabrications , and other ethics violations , Cooper dismissed the case against the Duke lacrosse team players , taking the extraordinary step of declaring them innocent and victims of a tragic rush to accuse . The decision won him bipartisan praise . Two days after the 2007 Virginia Tech shooting , he created the Campus Safety Task Force to analyze school shootings and make policy recommendations to help the government prevent and respond to them . The committee delivered its report to him in January 2008 . After the release of the task forces findings , Cooper assisted members of the North Carolina General Assembly in passing a law that required court clerks to record involuntary commitments in a national gun permit database . After a 2010 decision by a three-judge panel to exonerate Gregory Taylor , who had served nearly 17 years for the first-degree murder of Jaquetta Thomas , Cooper ordered an audit after it was learned that officials at the North Carolina State Bureau of Investigation forensic lab had withheld information . This suppression of evidence had contributed to Taylors conviction for murder . The audit was released in 2010 ; it found that it had been common practice for two decades for a select group of agents at the State Bureau of Investigation to withhold information . In addition , they did not keep up with scientific standards and the latest tests . The two investigators , Chris Swecker and Micheal Fox , cited almost 230 cases that were tainted by these actions . Three people convicted in such cases had been executed ; 80 defendants convicted were still in prison . A massive state effort was undertaken to follow up on their cases . In 2011 Cooper argued his first case before the United States Supreme Court , J . D . B . v . North Carolina , a case related to Miranda rights in juvenile cases . The Court ruled 5–4 against North Carolina . Governor of North Carolina . Elections . 2016 . Cooper ran for governor of North Carolina in the 2016 election against incumbent Republican Pat McCrory . In March 2016 , the North Carolina General Assembly passed the Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act—commonly known as House Bill 2—which McCrory signed into law . Numerous corporations began boycotting the state in protest of the law , cancelling job investment and expansion plans . Cooper denounced the law as unconstitutional and refused to defend it in court in his capacity as attorney general . As a result of the economic damage the law caused , McCrorys approval rating fell dramatically in the months before the election . When initial election results showed Cooper leading , McCrory claimed without evidence that the election had been manipulated by voter fraud . Recounts resulted in slightly higher margins of victory for Cooper , and after an extended legal battle , McCrory conceded the election on December 5 . Out of 4.7 million total ballots , Cooper won by 10,227 votes . 2020 . On December 5 , 2019 , Cooper announced his candidacy for reelection . He won the November 3 election , defeating Republican nominee Lieutenant Governor Dan Forest . Transition . Dismayed by Coopers win , the General Assembly passed special legislation before he was inaugurated to reduce the power of the governors office . In what The New York Times described as a surprise special session , Republican legislators moved to strip Coopers powers before he assumed the governorship on January 1 , 2017 . Throughout December , Cooper oversaw an attempt to repeal the Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act . The repeal attempt failed after a deal between state Republican and Democratic lawmakers and Charlotte officials fell apart . Tenure . After taking office , as of January 6 , 2017 , Cooper requested federal approval for Medicaid coverage expansion in North Carolina . Effective January 15 , however , a federal judge halted Coopers request , an order that expired on January 29 . In his first months in office Cooper focused on repealing the Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act . After long negotiations with Republican state legislators , Cooper agreed in late March to sign a law that prohibited North Carolina cities from passing local ordinances pertaining to public accommodations or employment practices for three years in exchange for the reversal of the facilities act . On May 9 , 2017 , President Donald Trump appointed Cooper to a commission tasked with reducing opioid addiction . After the Supreme Court of the United States declared North Carolinas legislative maps unconstitutional , Cooper called for a special redistricting session on June 7 , 2017 . But the House and Senate cancelled the session , calling it unconstitutional . On June 29 , Cooper signed the STOP Act , an overhaul of the prescribing and dispensing regulations of opioids . On July 1 , Cooper signed a bill to allow alcohol sales after 10 AM on Sundays , nicknamed the Brunch Bill . On July 11 , Cooper signed Britneys Law , which states a homicide is first-degree murder if the killing was committed with malice and the defendant has been convicted of domestic violence or stalking the victim . He also signed two bills to allow domestic violence protective orders granted by a judge to fully go into effect even when they are under appeal and to expand the states revenge porn law from cases involving former lovers to those involving strangers . On July 12 , Cooper signed a bill that would add lessons on what to do when pulled over by law enforcement to the states drivers education curriculum . The bill passed both chambers unanimously . On July 26 , 2017 , Cooper signed a bill to mount cameras on school buses in order to reduce drivers who illegally pass stopped school buses . On August 31 , 2017 , he declared a state of emergency due to plummeting gas supply , which was rescinded on September 18 . Coopers fellow Appalachian governors elected him co-chair of the Appalachian Regional Commission for 2019 , making him the first North Carolina governor to co-chair the ARC since Jim Hunt in 1978 . In the November 2018 elections , the Republican Party lost seats in the General Assembly , ending its supermajorities in both houses and rendering it unable to override gubernatorial vetoes . On March 6 , 2019 , Cooper proposed a $25.2 billion budget for the year . It included salary increases for public school teachers and state workers , expansion of Medicaid , and a $3.9 billion bond ( subject to a referendum ) to help fund school construction and local infrastructure projects . Cooper said that he was confident he could get the legislature , without enough Republican members to override a veto , to implement some of his ideas . On March 10 , 2020 , Cooper declared a state of emergency in North Carolina due to the COVID-19 pandemic . Four days later , he issued an executive order banning gatherings of over 100 people , and closed all K-12 schools for two weeks . Vetoes . Coopers first veto as governor was of a bill that would make elections to the North Carolina Superior Court and to the District Court partisan , after being conducted on a nonpartisan basis for many years . The House overrode the veto on March 22 , 2017 . The Senate followed suit on March 23 , resulting in the bill becoming law over Coopers objection . Cooper vetoed a bill on April 21 , 2017 , to reduce the size of the North Carolina Court of Appeals by three judges . The veto was overridden on April 26 . He also vetoed a bill on April 21 , 2017 , that would create a new State Board of Elections ( and new county boards of elections ) split evenly between the Republicans and the Democrats . It would replace the longstanding system that gave the governors party a majority on the board . Both houses of the legislature voted to override the veto on April 24 and 25 . Cooper also vetoed a bill that would limit individuals ability to sue hog farms . This veto was also overridden by the legislature . On June 27 , Cooper vetoed the proposed state budget , which he had called irresponsible the day before . In his veto message , Cooper cited the budgets income tax cuts and argued it lacks structural integrity by failing to account for population growth , inflation and looming federal reductions , by using one-time revenue for recurring expenses , and by adopting a tax plan that will cause the state to fail to fund promised teacher salary increases in future years and the proposed bill included provisions that infringe upon the governors ability to faithfully execute the laws , including the administration of this Act , as required by the Constitution , and violating the separation of powers . The legislature overrode his veto the next day . In July 2017 , Cooper vetoed a bill to authorize nonprofit organizations to operate game nights , saying it would unintentionally create a new opportunity for the video poker industry . In December 2018 , the North Carolina General Assembly passed a bill that would require new primary elections if a do-over election was called in the 9th district election . Cooper vetoed the bill due to a provision that made campaign finance investigations less public , but the General Assembly overrode his veto . In total , during his first two years in office , Cooper vetoed 28 bills , 23 of which were overridden by the legislature . In May 2019 , Cooper vetoed a bill that proposed punishments in the form of prison time and fines against physicians and nurses who do not resuscitate newborns that survive an abortion . He said that the bill is an unnecessary interference between doctors and their patients and that laws already protect newborn babies . Personal life . Roy Cooper is married to Kristin Cooper ( née Bernhardt ) , who worked as a guardian ad litem for foster children in Wake County . They have three daughters , who all graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . They reside in the Executive Mansion . Cooper has taught Sunday school classes , serving as a deacon and elder at First Presbyterian Church of Raleigh , and is an avid fan of the NHLs Carolina Hurricanes . External links . - Governor Roy Cooper official government website - Roy Cooper for Governor official campaign website
|
[
"Member of the Scottish Parliament"
] |
easy
|
Which position did Brian Adam hold from May 1999 to Mar 2003?
|
/wiki/Brian_Adam#P39#0
|
Brian Adam Brian James Adam ( born10 June 1948 – died 25 April 2013 ) was a Scottish politician and biochemist . He served as a Scottish National Party ( SNP ) Member of the Scottish Parliament ( MSP ) from 1999−2013 . He was an MSP for the North East Scotland region from 1999-2003 , then for the Aberdeen North constituency from 2003-2011 , for the Aberdeen Donside constituency from 2011 until his death in 2013 . From 2007-2011 , he was Chief Whip for the minority SNP Government and Co-Convener of the Oil and Gas Cross Party Group . He was the Minister for Parliamentary Business and Chief Whip from May 2011 to September 2012 . Background . Adam was born in Newmill , a hamlet near Keith , Moray , Banffshire in 1948 . He attended Keith Grammar School and obtained a BSc ( Hons ) in Biochemistry and a MSc in Clinical Pharmacology from University of Aberdeen . He began his career with Glaxo in Montrose , Angus from 1970-1973 , before working as a biochemist at City Hospital , Aberdeen from 1973-1988 . From 1988 , Adam worked as the principal biochemist in the National Health Service at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary and was a trade union activist prior to his election to Holyrood in 1999 . He had five children and three grandchildren . Adam lived in Aberdeen and was an active member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) . Brian Adam was also an avid follower of Aberdeen Football Club and attended the majority of their matches . Political career . Brian Adam joined the Scottish National Party in 1974 . He served three terms as a councillor for Middlefield and Heathryfold on Aberdeen District Council ( 1988–1996 ) and on Aberdeen City Council from 1995 until his election to the Scottish Parliament in 1999 . He stood as a candidate for the Aberdeen North constituency at the 1997 general election for the House of Commons but Labour retained the seat with a majority of 10,000 votes . Member of the Scottish Parliament . In the first election to the Scottish Parliament in 1999 , he contested Aberdeen North . Labour won the seat with a narrow majority of just 398 votes . Adam was elected from the regional list as the second North East Scotland regional MSP in 1999 . At the 2003 election he stood for the Aberdeen North constituency , this time winning the seat from Labour with a majority of 457 votes . He retained the seat at the 2007 election with a significantly increased majority of 3,749 votes , and then again in 2011 in the renamed Aberdeen Donside with an even larger majority of 7,175 votes . After struggling with a long illness , his death from cancer was announced on 25 April 2013 . Then-First Minister Alex Salmond paid tribute to Adam as an outstanding politician , fine human being and a dear friend . Spokesperson posts . - May 1999 to September 2000 – Deputy Whip - September 2000 to April 2003 – Deputy Business Manager & Deputy Chief Whip - May 2003 to September 2004 – Deputy Party Spokesperson on Education & Lifelong Learning - September 2004 – Deputy Party Spokesperson on Tourism Parliamentary posts . In June 2003 he became the Convener of the Standards Committee . - May 2007 – Chief Whip - May 2011 – September 2012 − Minister for Parliamentary Business and Chief Whip
|
[
"Member of the Scottish Parliament"
] |
easy
|
What was the position of Brian Adam from May 2003 to Apr 2007?
|
/wiki/Brian_Adam#P39#1
|
Brian Adam Brian James Adam ( born10 June 1948 – died 25 April 2013 ) was a Scottish politician and biochemist . He served as a Scottish National Party ( SNP ) Member of the Scottish Parliament ( MSP ) from 1999−2013 . He was an MSP for the North East Scotland region from 1999-2003 , then for the Aberdeen North constituency from 2003-2011 , for the Aberdeen Donside constituency from 2011 until his death in 2013 . From 2007-2011 , he was Chief Whip for the minority SNP Government and Co-Convener of the Oil and Gas Cross Party Group . He was the Minister for Parliamentary Business and Chief Whip from May 2011 to September 2012 . Background . Adam was born in Newmill , a hamlet near Keith , Moray , Banffshire in 1948 . He attended Keith Grammar School and obtained a BSc ( Hons ) in Biochemistry and a MSc in Clinical Pharmacology from University of Aberdeen . He began his career with Glaxo in Montrose , Angus from 1970-1973 , before working as a biochemist at City Hospital , Aberdeen from 1973-1988 . From 1988 , Adam worked as the principal biochemist in the National Health Service at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary and was a trade union activist prior to his election to Holyrood in 1999 . He had five children and three grandchildren . Adam lived in Aberdeen and was an active member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) . Brian Adam was also an avid follower of Aberdeen Football Club and attended the majority of their matches . Political career . Brian Adam joined the Scottish National Party in 1974 . He served three terms as a councillor for Middlefield and Heathryfold on Aberdeen District Council ( 1988–1996 ) and on Aberdeen City Council from 1995 until his election to the Scottish Parliament in 1999 . He stood as a candidate for the Aberdeen North constituency at the 1997 general election for the House of Commons but Labour retained the seat with a majority of 10,000 votes . Member of the Scottish Parliament . In the first election to the Scottish Parliament in 1999 , he contested Aberdeen North . Labour won the seat with a narrow majority of just 398 votes . Adam was elected from the regional list as the second North East Scotland regional MSP in 1999 . At the 2003 election he stood for the Aberdeen North constituency , this time winning the seat from Labour with a majority of 457 votes . He retained the seat at the 2007 election with a significantly increased majority of 3,749 votes , and then again in 2011 in the renamed Aberdeen Donside with an even larger majority of 7,175 votes . After struggling with a long illness , his death from cancer was announced on 25 April 2013 . Then-First Minister Alex Salmond paid tribute to Adam as an outstanding politician , fine human being and a dear friend . Spokesperson posts . - May 1999 to September 2000 – Deputy Whip - September 2000 to April 2003 – Deputy Business Manager & Deputy Chief Whip - May 2003 to September 2004 – Deputy Party Spokesperson on Education & Lifelong Learning - September 2004 – Deputy Party Spokesperson on Tourism Parliamentary posts . In June 2003 he became the Convener of the Standards Committee . - May 2007 – Chief Whip - May 2011 – September 2012 − Minister for Parliamentary Business and Chief Whip
|
[
"Member of the Scottish Parliament"
] |
easy
|
Which position did Brian Adam hold from May 2007 to Mar 2011?
|
/wiki/Brian_Adam#P39#2
|
Brian Adam Brian James Adam ( born10 June 1948 – died 25 April 2013 ) was a Scottish politician and biochemist . He served as a Scottish National Party ( SNP ) Member of the Scottish Parliament ( MSP ) from 1999−2013 . He was an MSP for the North East Scotland region from 1999-2003 , then for the Aberdeen North constituency from 2003-2011 , for the Aberdeen Donside constituency from 2011 until his death in 2013 . From 2007-2011 , he was Chief Whip for the minority SNP Government and Co-Convener of the Oil and Gas Cross Party Group . He was the Minister for Parliamentary Business and Chief Whip from May 2011 to September 2012 . Background . Adam was born in Newmill , a hamlet near Keith , Moray , Banffshire in 1948 . He attended Keith Grammar School and obtained a BSc ( Hons ) in Biochemistry and a MSc in Clinical Pharmacology from University of Aberdeen . He began his career with Glaxo in Montrose , Angus from 1970-1973 , before working as a biochemist at City Hospital , Aberdeen from 1973-1988 . From 1988 , Adam worked as the principal biochemist in the National Health Service at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary and was a trade union activist prior to his election to Holyrood in 1999 . He had five children and three grandchildren . Adam lived in Aberdeen and was an active member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) . Brian Adam was also an avid follower of Aberdeen Football Club and attended the majority of their matches . Political career . Brian Adam joined the Scottish National Party in 1974 . He served three terms as a councillor for Middlefield and Heathryfold on Aberdeen District Council ( 1988–1996 ) and on Aberdeen City Council from 1995 until his election to the Scottish Parliament in 1999 . He stood as a candidate for the Aberdeen North constituency at the 1997 general election for the House of Commons but Labour retained the seat with a majority of 10,000 votes . Member of the Scottish Parliament . In the first election to the Scottish Parliament in 1999 , he contested Aberdeen North . Labour won the seat with a narrow majority of just 398 votes . Adam was elected from the regional list as the second North East Scotland regional MSP in 1999 . At the 2003 election he stood for the Aberdeen North constituency , this time winning the seat from Labour with a majority of 457 votes . He retained the seat at the 2007 election with a significantly increased majority of 3,749 votes , and then again in 2011 in the renamed Aberdeen Donside with an even larger majority of 7,175 votes . After struggling with a long illness , his death from cancer was announced on 25 April 2013 . Then-First Minister Alex Salmond paid tribute to Adam as an outstanding politician , fine human being and a dear friend . Spokesperson posts . - May 1999 to September 2000 – Deputy Whip - September 2000 to April 2003 – Deputy Business Manager & Deputy Chief Whip - May 2003 to September 2004 – Deputy Party Spokesperson on Education & Lifelong Learning - September 2004 – Deputy Party Spokesperson on Tourism Parliamentary posts . In June 2003 he became the Convener of the Standards Committee . - May 2007 – Chief Whip - May 2011 – September 2012 − Minister for Parliamentary Business and Chief Whip
|
[
"Member of the Scottish Parliament"
] |
easy
|
Which position did Brian Adam hold from May 2011 to Apr 2013?
|
/wiki/Brian_Adam#P39#3
|
Brian Adam Brian James Adam ( born10 June 1948 – died 25 April 2013 ) was a Scottish politician and biochemist . He served as a Scottish National Party ( SNP ) Member of the Scottish Parliament ( MSP ) from 1999−2013 . He was an MSP for the North East Scotland region from 1999-2003 , then for the Aberdeen North constituency from 2003-2011 , for the Aberdeen Donside constituency from 2011 until his death in 2013 . From 2007-2011 , he was Chief Whip for the minority SNP Government and Co-Convener of the Oil and Gas Cross Party Group . He was the Minister for Parliamentary Business and Chief Whip from May 2011 to September 2012 . Background . Adam was born in Newmill , a hamlet near Keith , Moray , Banffshire in 1948 . He attended Keith Grammar School and obtained a BSc ( Hons ) in Biochemistry and a MSc in Clinical Pharmacology from University of Aberdeen . He began his career with Glaxo in Montrose , Angus from 1970-1973 , before working as a biochemist at City Hospital , Aberdeen from 1973-1988 . From 1988 , Adam worked as the principal biochemist in the National Health Service at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary and was a trade union activist prior to his election to Holyrood in 1999 . He had five children and three grandchildren . Adam lived in Aberdeen and was an active member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) . Brian Adam was also an avid follower of Aberdeen Football Club and attended the majority of their matches . Political career . Brian Adam joined the Scottish National Party in 1974 . He served three terms as a councillor for Middlefield and Heathryfold on Aberdeen District Council ( 1988–1996 ) and on Aberdeen City Council from 1995 until his election to the Scottish Parliament in 1999 . He stood as a candidate for the Aberdeen North constituency at the 1997 general election for the House of Commons but Labour retained the seat with a majority of 10,000 votes . Member of the Scottish Parliament . In the first election to the Scottish Parliament in 1999 , he contested Aberdeen North . Labour won the seat with a narrow majority of just 398 votes . Adam was elected from the regional list as the second North East Scotland regional MSP in 1999 . At the 2003 election he stood for the Aberdeen North constituency , this time winning the seat from Labour with a majority of 457 votes . He retained the seat at the 2007 election with a significantly increased majority of 3,749 votes , and then again in 2011 in the renamed Aberdeen Donside with an even larger majority of 7,175 votes . After struggling with a long illness , his death from cancer was announced on 25 April 2013 . Then-First Minister Alex Salmond paid tribute to Adam as an outstanding politician , fine human being and a dear friend . Spokesperson posts . - May 1999 to September 2000 – Deputy Whip - September 2000 to April 2003 – Deputy Business Manager & Deputy Chief Whip - May 2003 to September 2004 – Deputy Party Spokesperson on Education & Lifelong Learning - September 2004 – Deputy Party Spokesperson on Tourism Parliamentary posts . In June 2003 he became the Convener of the Standards Committee . - May 2007 – Chief Whip - May 2011 – September 2012 − Minister for Parliamentary Business and Chief Whip
|
[
"Kathimerini"
] |
easy
|
Who did Tasos Telloglou work for from 1990 to 1993?
|
/wiki/Tasos_Telloglou#P108#0
|
Tasos Telloglou Tasos Telloglou ( ; born 1961 ) is a Greek investigative journalist . He is one of the presenters of the weekly news program Special Report on ANT1 . He also writes for the newspaper Kathimerini . He was born in Ampelokipi , Athens in 1961 . He studied Law at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens . He started his journalistic career in 1986 writing for the newspaper I PROTI until 1989 . He has been a Germany correspondent for the daily Greek newspaper Kathimerini from 1990 to 1997 and for the Mega Channel from 1993 to 2000 . For two years from 1998 , Tasos Telloglou along with the journalists Alexis Papahelas and Pavlos Tsimas , presented the program Mavro Kouti ( The Black Box ) in Mega Channel . In 2001 he started writing for the newspaper To Vima . In 2001 he worked with Pavlos Tsimas and Yorgos Kouvaras for the news program Kokkino Pani ( Red Flag ) on ANTENNA TV . From June 2002 to July 2004 , he worked for the New Hellenic Television presenting the monthly documentary series Monitor and Striptease . In October 2004 , he presented his first report in the program Oi Fakeloi ( The Folders ) in Mega Channel and was editor in chief until 2007 . From October 2007 , he co-hosts the newsprogram Oi Neoi Fakeloi ( The New Folders ) , the continuation of the program Oi Fakeloi , along with Alexis Papahelas and Sofia Papaioannou in Skai TV . During the season 2007–2008 Telloglou was awarded the Best Report of the Year Award of the Prosopa 2008 television awards for his exposé on the Greek aspect of the Siemens slush funds scandal . Controversy . On 28 April 2010 , a commenter on Telloglous blog suggested that certain constitutional provisions be either suspended or re-interpreted , as well as that measures be undertaken to expedite court rulings examining the legality of strikes , citing the example of Belgium . The commenter signed the comment with the name Tasos Telloglou , sparking controversy among part of the blogosphere and the press . The comments on the article in question have since disappeared , following a revamping of the hosting site . Telloglou accepted authorship in a subsequent blog post , in which he clarified and partly revised his views . In there , he proposed a number of constitutional amendments , among which that demonstrators be required to apply for permission beforehand to curb the wave of demonstrations ( of which there were 11,045 in 6 years in Athens alone ) . Bibliography . Tasos Telloglou has written four books : - Η γερμανική πολιτική στον γιουγκοσλαβικό χώρο 1991 – 1995 ( The German policy in the Yugoslavia 1991 – 1995 ) ( 1996 ) . - Φάκελος 17 Νοέμβρη ( Folder 17 November ) ( 2002 ) – Co-authored with Alexis Papahelas , about the Revolutionary Organization 17 November . - Η πόλη των Αγώνων ( The City of the Games ) ( 2004 ) , about the preparation period of the Athens Olympic Games in 2004 . - Το Δίκτυο – Φάκελος Siemens ( The Network – File Siemens ) ( 2009 ) , about the Greek aspect of the Siemens slush funds scandal . External links . - Special Report - Oi Neoi Fakeloi
|
[
"Mega Channel"
] |
easy
|
What was the name of the employer Tasos Telloglou work for from 1993 to 2000?
|
/wiki/Tasos_Telloglou#P108#1
|
Tasos Telloglou Tasos Telloglou ( ; born 1961 ) is a Greek investigative journalist . He is one of the presenters of the weekly news program Special Report on ANT1 . He also writes for the newspaper Kathimerini . He was born in Ampelokipi , Athens in 1961 . He studied Law at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens . He started his journalistic career in 1986 writing for the newspaper I PROTI until 1989 . He has been a Germany correspondent for the daily Greek newspaper Kathimerini from 1990 to 1997 and for the Mega Channel from 1993 to 2000 . For two years from 1998 , Tasos Telloglou along with the journalists Alexis Papahelas and Pavlos Tsimas , presented the program Mavro Kouti ( The Black Box ) in Mega Channel . In 2001 he started writing for the newspaper To Vima . In 2001 he worked with Pavlos Tsimas and Yorgos Kouvaras for the news program Kokkino Pani ( Red Flag ) on ANTENNA TV . From June 2002 to July 2004 , he worked for the New Hellenic Television presenting the monthly documentary series Monitor and Striptease . In October 2004 , he presented his first report in the program Oi Fakeloi ( The Folders ) in Mega Channel and was editor in chief until 2007 . From October 2007 , he co-hosts the newsprogram Oi Neoi Fakeloi ( The New Folders ) , the continuation of the program Oi Fakeloi , along with Alexis Papahelas and Sofia Papaioannou in Skai TV . During the season 2007–2008 Telloglou was awarded the Best Report of the Year Award of the Prosopa 2008 television awards for his exposé on the Greek aspect of the Siemens slush funds scandal . Controversy . On 28 April 2010 , a commenter on Telloglous blog suggested that certain constitutional provisions be either suspended or re-interpreted , as well as that measures be undertaken to expedite court rulings examining the legality of strikes , citing the example of Belgium . The commenter signed the comment with the name Tasos Telloglou , sparking controversy among part of the blogosphere and the press . The comments on the article in question have since disappeared , following a revamping of the hosting site . Telloglou accepted authorship in a subsequent blog post , in which he clarified and partly revised his views . In there , he proposed a number of constitutional amendments , among which that demonstrators be required to apply for permission beforehand to curb the wave of demonstrations ( of which there were 11,045 in 6 years in Athens alone ) . Bibliography . Tasos Telloglou has written four books : - Η γερμανική πολιτική στον γιουγκοσλαβικό χώρο 1991 – 1995 ( The German policy in the Yugoslavia 1991 – 1995 ) ( 1996 ) . - Φάκελος 17 Νοέμβρη ( Folder 17 November ) ( 2002 ) – Co-authored with Alexis Papahelas , about the Revolutionary Organization 17 November . - Η πόλη των Αγώνων ( The City of the Games ) ( 2004 ) , about the preparation period of the Athens Olympic Games in 2004 . - Το Δίκτυο – Φάκελος Siemens ( The Network – File Siemens ) ( 2009 ) , about the Greek aspect of the Siemens slush funds scandal . External links . - Special Report - Oi Neoi Fakeloi
|
[
"To Vima",
"ANT1"
] |
easy
|
What was the name of the employer Tasos Telloglou work for from 2001 to 2002?
|
/wiki/Tasos_Telloglou#P108#2
|
Tasos Telloglou Tasos Telloglou ( ; born 1961 ) is a Greek investigative journalist . He is one of the presenters of the weekly news program Special Report on ANT1 . He also writes for the newspaper Kathimerini . He was born in Ampelokipi , Athens in 1961 . He studied Law at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens . He started his journalistic career in 1986 writing for the newspaper I PROTI until 1989 . He has been a Germany correspondent for the daily Greek newspaper Kathimerini from 1990 to 1997 and for the Mega Channel from 1993 to 2000 . For two years from 1998 , Tasos Telloglou along with the journalists Alexis Papahelas and Pavlos Tsimas , presented the program Mavro Kouti ( The Black Box ) in Mega Channel . In 2001 he started writing for the newspaper To Vima . In 2001 he worked with Pavlos Tsimas and Yorgos Kouvaras for the news program Kokkino Pani ( Red Flag ) on ANTENNA TV . From June 2002 to July 2004 , he worked for the New Hellenic Television presenting the monthly documentary series Monitor and Striptease . In October 2004 , he presented his first report in the program Oi Fakeloi ( The Folders ) in Mega Channel and was editor in chief until 2007 . From October 2007 , he co-hosts the newsprogram Oi Neoi Fakeloi ( The New Folders ) , the continuation of the program Oi Fakeloi , along with Alexis Papahelas and Sofia Papaioannou in Skai TV . During the season 2007–2008 Telloglou was awarded the Best Report of the Year Award of the Prosopa 2008 television awards for his exposé on the Greek aspect of the Siemens slush funds scandal . Controversy . On 28 April 2010 , a commenter on Telloglous blog suggested that certain constitutional provisions be either suspended or re-interpreted , as well as that measures be undertaken to expedite court rulings examining the legality of strikes , citing the example of Belgium . The commenter signed the comment with the name Tasos Telloglou , sparking controversy among part of the blogosphere and the press . The comments on the article in question have since disappeared , following a revamping of the hosting site . Telloglou accepted authorship in a subsequent blog post , in which he clarified and partly revised his views . In there , he proposed a number of constitutional amendments , among which that demonstrators be required to apply for permission beforehand to curb the wave of demonstrations ( of which there were 11,045 in 6 years in Athens alone ) . Bibliography . Tasos Telloglou has written four books : - Η γερμανική πολιτική στον γιουγκοσλαβικό χώρο 1991 – 1995 ( The German policy in the Yugoslavia 1991 – 1995 ) ( 1996 ) . - Φάκελος 17 Νοέμβρη ( Folder 17 November ) ( 2002 ) – Co-authored with Alexis Papahelas , about the Revolutionary Organization 17 November . - Η πόλη των Αγώνων ( The City of the Games ) ( 2004 ) , about the preparation period of the Athens Olympic Games in 2004 . - Το Δίκτυο – Φάκελος Siemens ( The Network – File Siemens ) ( 2009 ) , about the Greek aspect of the Siemens slush funds scandal . External links . - Special Report - Oi Neoi Fakeloi
|
[
"New Hellenic Television"
] |
easy
|
Which employer did Tasos Telloglou work for from 2002 to 2004?
|
/wiki/Tasos_Telloglou#P108#3
|
Tasos Telloglou Tasos Telloglou ( ; born 1961 ) is a Greek investigative journalist . He is one of the presenters of the weekly news program Special Report on ANT1 . He also writes for the newspaper Kathimerini . He was born in Ampelokipi , Athens in 1961 . He studied Law at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens . He started his journalistic career in 1986 writing for the newspaper I PROTI until 1989 . He has been a Germany correspondent for the daily Greek newspaper Kathimerini from 1990 to 1997 and for the Mega Channel from 1993 to 2000 . For two years from 1998 , Tasos Telloglou along with the journalists Alexis Papahelas and Pavlos Tsimas , presented the program Mavro Kouti ( The Black Box ) in Mega Channel . In 2001 he started writing for the newspaper To Vima . In 2001 he worked with Pavlos Tsimas and Yorgos Kouvaras for the news program Kokkino Pani ( Red Flag ) on ANTENNA TV . From June 2002 to July 2004 , he worked for the New Hellenic Television presenting the monthly documentary series Monitor and Striptease . In October 2004 , he presented his first report in the program Oi Fakeloi ( The Folders ) in Mega Channel and was editor in chief until 2007 . From October 2007 , he co-hosts the newsprogram Oi Neoi Fakeloi ( The New Folders ) , the continuation of the program Oi Fakeloi , along with Alexis Papahelas and Sofia Papaioannou in Skai TV . During the season 2007–2008 Telloglou was awarded the Best Report of the Year Award of the Prosopa 2008 television awards for his exposé on the Greek aspect of the Siemens slush funds scandal . Controversy . On 28 April 2010 , a commenter on Telloglous blog suggested that certain constitutional provisions be either suspended or re-interpreted , as well as that measures be undertaken to expedite court rulings examining the legality of strikes , citing the example of Belgium . The commenter signed the comment with the name Tasos Telloglou , sparking controversy among part of the blogosphere and the press . The comments on the article in question have since disappeared , following a revamping of the hosting site . Telloglou accepted authorship in a subsequent blog post , in which he clarified and partly revised his views . In there , he proposed a number of constitutional amendments , among which that demonstrators be required to apply for permission beforehand to curb the wave of demonstrations ( of which there were 11,045 in 6 years in Athens alone ) . Bibliography . Tasos Telloglou has written four books : - Η γερμανική πολιτική στον γιουγκοσλαβικό χώρο 1991 – 1995 ( The German policy in the Yugoslavia 1991 – 1995 ) ( 1996 ) . - Φάκελος 17 Νοέμβρη ( Folder 17 November ) ( 2002 ) – Co-authored with Alexis Papahelas , about the Revolutionary Organization 17 November . - Η πόλη των Αγώνων ( The City of the Games ) ( 2004 ) , about the preparation period of the Athens Olympic Games in 2004 . - Το Δίκτυο – Φάκελος Siemens ( The Network – File Siemens ) ( 2009 ) , about the Greek aspect of the Siemens slush funds scandal . External links . - Special Report - Oi Neoi Fakeloi
|
[
"Mega Channel"
] |
easy
|
Tasos Telloglou was an employee for whom from 2004 to 2007?
|
/wiki/Tasos_Telloglou#P108#4
|
Tasos Telloglou Tasos Telloglou ( ; born 1961 ) is a Greek investigative journalist . He is one of the presenters of the weekly news program Special Report on ANT1 . He also writes for the newspaper Kathimerini . He was born in Ampelokipi , Athens in 1961 . He studied Law at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens . He started his journalistic career in 1986 writing for the newspaper I PROTI until 1989 . He has been a Germany correspondent for the daily Greek newspaper Kathimerini from 1990 to 1997 and for the Mega Channel from 1993 to 2000 . For two years from 1998 , Tasos Telloglou along with the journalists Alexis Papahelas and Pavlos Tsimas , presented the program Mavro Kouti ( The Black Box ) in Mega Channel . In 2001 he started writing for the newspaper To Vima . In 2001 he worked with Pavlos Tsimas and Yorgos Kouvaras for the news program Kokkino Pani ( Red Flag ) on ANTENNA TV . From June 2002 to July 2004 , he worked for the New Hellenic Television presenting the monthly documentary series Monitor and Striptease . In October 2004 , he presented his first report in the program Oi Fakeloi ( The Folders ) in Mega Channel and was editor in chief until 2007 . From October 2007 , he co-hosts the newsprogram Oi Neoi Fakeloi ( The New Folders ) , the continuation of the program Oi Fakeloi , along with Alexis Papahelas and Sofia Papaioannou in Skai TV . During the season 2007–2008 Telloglou was awarded the Best Report of the Year Award of the Prosopa 2008 television awards for his exposé on the Greek aspect of the Siemens slush funds scandal . Controversy . On 28 April 2010 , a commenter on Telloglous blog suggested that certain constitutional provisions be either suspended or re-interpreted , as well as that measures be undertaken to expedite court rulings examining the legality of strikes , citing the example of Belgium . The commenter signed the comment with the name Tasos Telloglou , sparking controversy among part of the blogosphere and the press . The comments on the article in question have since disappeared , following a revamping of the hosting site . Telloglou accepted authorship in a subsequent blog post , in which he clarified and partly revised his views . In there , he proposed a number of constitutional amendments , among which that demonstrators be required to apply for permission beforehand to curb the wave of demonstrations ( of which there were 11,045 in 6 years in Athens alone ) . Bibliography . Tasos Telloglou has written four books : - Η γερμανική πολιτική στον γιουγκοσλαβικό χώρο 1991 – 1995 ( The German policy in the Yugoslavia 1991 – 1995 ) ( 1996 ) . - Φάκελος 17 Νοέμβρη ( Folder 17 November ) ( 2002 ) – Co-authored with Alexis Papahelas , about the Revolutionary Organization 17 November . - Η πόλη των Αγώνων ( The City of the Games ) ( 2004 ) , about the preparation period of the Athens Olympic Games in 2004 . - Το Δίκτυο – Φάκελος Siemens ( The Network – File Siemens ) ( 2009 ) , about the Greek aspect of the Siemens slush funds scandal . External links . - Special Report - Oi Neoi Fakeloi
|
[
"Skai TV"
] |
easy
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What was the name of the employer Tasos Telloglou work for from 2007 to 2013?
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/wiki/Tasos_Telloglou#P108#5
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Tasos Telloglou Tasos Telloglou ( ; born 1961 ) is a Greek investigative journalist . He is one of the presenters of the weekly news program Special Report on ANT1 . He also writes for the newspaper Kathimerini . He was born in Ampelokipi , Athens in 1961 . He studied Law at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens . He started his journalistic career in 1986 writing for the newspaper I PROTI until 1989 . He has been a Germany correspondent for the daily Greek newspaper Kathimerini from 1990 to 1997 and for the Mega Channel from 1993 to 2000 . For two years from 1998 , Tasos Telloglou along with the journalists Alexis Papahelas and Pavlos Tsimas , presented the program Mavro Kouti ( The Black Box ) in Mega Channel . In 2001 he started writing for the newspaper To Vima . In 2001 he worked with Pavlos Tsimas and Yorgos Kouvaras for the news program Kokkino Pani ( Red Flag ) on ANTENNA TV . From June 2002 to July 2004 , he worked for the New Hellenic Television presenting the monthly documentary series Monitor and Striptease . In October 2004 , he presented his first report in the program Oi Fakeloi ( The Folders ) in Mega Channel and was editor in chief until 2007 . From October 2007 , he co-hosts the newsprogram Oi Neoi Fakeloi ( The New Folders ) , the continuation of the program Oi Fakeloi , along with Alexis Papahelas and Sofia Papaioannou in Skai TV . During the season 2007–2008 Telloglou was awarded the Best Report of the Year Award of the Prosopa 2008 television awards for his exposé on the Greek aspect of the Siemens slush funds scandal . Controversy . On 28 April 2010 , a commenter on Telloglous blog suggested that certain constitutional provisions be either suspended or re-interpreted , as well as that measures be undertaken to expedite court rulings examining the legality of strikes , citing the example of Belgium . The commenter signed the comment with the name Tasos Telloglou , sparking controversy among part of the blogosphere and the press . The comments on the article in question have since disappeared , following a revamping of the hosting site . Telloglou accepted authorship in a subsequent blog post , in which he clarified and partly revised his views . In there , he proposed a number of constitutional amendments , among which that demonstrators be required to apply for permission beforehand to curb the wave of demonstrations ( of which there were 11,045 in 6 years in Athens alone ) . Bibliography . Tasos Telloglou has written four books : - Η γερμανική πολιτική στον γιουγκοσλαβικό χώρο 1991 – 1995 ( The German policy in the Yugoslavia 1991 – 1995 ) ( 1996 ) . - Φάκελος 17 Νοέμβρη ( Folder 17 November ) ( 2002 ) – Co-authored with Alexis Papahelas , about the Revolutionary Organization 17 November . - Η πόλη των Αγώνων ( The City of the Games ) ( 2004 ) , about the preparation period of the Athens Olympic Games in 2004 . - Το Δίκτυο – Φάκελος Siemens ( The Network – File Siemens ) ( 2009 ) , about the Greek aspect of the Siemens slush funds scandal . External links . - Special Report - Oi Neoi Fakeloi
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What was the name of the employer Tasos Telloglou work for from 2013 to 2014?
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/wiki/Tasos_Telloglou#P108#6
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Tasos Telloglou Tasos Telloglou ( ; born 1961 ) is a Greek investigative journalist . He is one of the presenters of the weekly news program Special Report on ANT1 . He also writes for the newspaper Kathimerini . He was born in Ampelokipi , Athens in 1961 . He studied Law at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens . He started his journalistic career in 1986 writing for the newspaper I PROTI until 1989 . He has been a Germany correspondent for the daily Greek newspaper Kathimerini from 1990 to 1997 and for the Mega Channel from 1993 to 2000 . For two years from 1998 , Tasos Telloglou along with the journalists Alexis Papahelas and Pavlos Tsimas , presented the program Mavro Kouti ( The Black Box ) in Mega Channel . In 2001 he started writing for the newspaper To Vima . In 2001 he worked with Pavlos Tsimas and Yorgos Kouvaras for the news program Kokkino Pani ( Red Flag ) on ANTENNA TV . From June 2002 to July 2004 , he worked for the New Hellenic Television presenting the monthly documentary series Monitor and Striptease . In October 2004 , he presented his first report in the program Oi Fakeloi ( The Folders ) in Mega Channel and was editor in chief until 2007 . From October 2007 , he co-hosts the newsprogram Oi Neoi Fakeloi ( The New Folders ) , the continuation of the program Oi Fakeloi , along with Alexis Papahelas and Sofia Papaioannou in Skai TV . During the season 2007–2008 Telloglou was awarded the Best Report of the Year Award of the Prosopa 2008 television awards for his exposé on the Greek aspect of the Siemens slush funds scandal . Controversy . On 28 April 2010 , a commenter on Telloglous blog suggested that certain constitutional provisions be either suspended or re-interpreted , as well as that measures be undertaken to expedite court rulings examining the legality of strikes , citing the example of Belgium . The commenter signed the comment with the name Tasos Telloglou , sparking controversy among part of the blogosphere and the press . The comments on the article in question have since disappeared , following a revamping of the hosting site . Telloglou accepted authorship in a subsequent blog post , in which he clarified and partly revised his views . In there , he proposed a number of constitutional amendments , among which that demonstrators be required to apply for permission beforehand to curb the wave of demonstrations ( of which there were 11,045 in 6 years in Athens alone ) . Bibliography . Tasos Telloglou has written four books : - Η γερμανική πολιτική στον γιουγκοσλαβικό χώρο 1991 – 1995 ( The German policy in the Yugoslavia 1991 – 1995 ) ( 1996 ) . - Φάκελος 17 Νοέμβρη ( Folder 17 November ) ( 2002 ) – Co-authored with Alexis Papahelas , about the Revolutionary Organization 17 November . - Η πόλη των Αγώνων ( The City of the Games ) ( 2004 ) , about the preparation period of the Athens Olympic Games in 2004 . - Το Δίκτυο – Φάκελος Siemens ( The Network – File Siemens ) ( 2009 ) , about the Greek aspect of the Siemens slush funds scandal . External links . - Special Report - Oi Neoi Fakeloi
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"Tottenham Hotspur"
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Which team did the player Glenn Hoddle belong to from 1975 to 1980?
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/wiki/Glenn_Hoddle#P54#0
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Glenn Hoddle Glenn Hoddle ( born 27 October 1957 ) is an English former football player and manager . He currently works as a television pundit and commentator for ITV Sport and BT Sport . He played as a midfielder for Tottenham Hotspur , Monaco , Chelsea and Swindon Town and at international level for England . In 2007 , he was inducted into the National Football Museum Hall of Fame , which cited him as one of the most gifted and creative English footballers of his generation , exhibiting sublime balance and close control , unrivalled passing and vision and extraordinary shooting ability , both from open play and set pieces . He was also known for his tactical intelligence and work-rate . He has been manager of Swindon Town ( earning promotion to the Premier League ) , Chelsea ( taking them to the FA Cup final ) , Southampton , Tottenham Hotspur ( reaching a League Cup final ) and Wolverhampton Wanderers . He managed England to the second round of the 1998 FIFA World Cup , where they lost to Argentina on penalties . He was dismissed from the England job in 1999 for a newspaper interview in which he was widely interpreted as saying that disabled people are affected by karma from past lives . He said that his words were misconstrued , misunderstood and misinterpreted and that disabled people had his overwhelming support , care , consideration and dedication . Early life . Hoddle was born on 27 October 1957 in Hayes , Middlesex to Derek Hoddle and Teresa Roberts . Soon after , the family moved to Harlow , Essex . He attended Burnt Mill School in Harlow . He has been supporting Tottenham Hotspur since he was eight , and his favourite player was Martin Chivers . He first came to the attention of Spurs when Chivers and Ray Evans went to present prizes at a local school cup final and noticed the potential of the 11-year-old schoolboy , and on Chivers recommendation he was invited to train with the club at Tottenhams practice ground in Cheshunt . At the age of 15 , Hoddle played for Harlow-based Sunday league club Longmans alongside his father . Hoddles uncle , Dave , was part of the Stansted team that won the 1984 FA Vase . Playing career . Tottenham Hotspur . Hoddle joined the club as a junior when he was 12 , and signed for the club as an apprentice on 17 April 1974 . He successfully overcame knee problems in his early teens and collected eight England Youth caps , the first of these on 18 March 1975 against Spain . He made his Spurs first-team debut as a 17-year-old substitute for Cyril Knowles against Norwich City on 30 August 1975 , a game that ended 2–2 . Hoddle was forced to wait until 21 February 1976 to start a First Division match and immediately announced his arrival with the winning goal , a spectacular strike past Stoke City and England goalkeeper Peter Shilton . He flourished under the management of Keith Burkinshaw and despite the clubs relegation to the Second Division in 1976–77 after 27 seasons of First Division football , a Hoddle-inspired Spurs side won promotion to the top flight at the first attempt . As Tottenhams transitional phase continued , Hoddles international career began on 15 December 1976 in an Under-21 friendly fixture against Wales . He would collect another eleven caps at that level , and play twice for the England B team prior to scoring on his full international debut against Bulgaria on 22 November 1979 . The 1979–80 campaign heralded the emergence of Hoddle as a top-class player ; the 22-year-old midfielder scored 19 goals in 41 league appearances and was awarded the PFA Young Player of the Year award at the end of the season . In 1981 , he starred as Spurs won the FA Cup for the sixth time , defeating Manchester City after a replay . In the following season Tottenham retained the FA Cup ( Hoddle scored in both the Final and Final replay ) against Queens Park Rangers and finished the League campaign in fourth place , the clubs best league position since 1971 . Hoddle performed as the midfield fulcrum in many of these successes and also contributed magnificently as the team reached the final of the League Cup , losing 3–1 to Liverpool , and the semi-final stage of the European Cup Winners Cup . During the summer of 1982 , Hoddle played in two of Englands matches in the opening group phase of the FIFA World Cup , starting against Kuwait after a substitute appearance in a 2–0 victory over Czechoslovakia . Hoddles involvement in the following three seasons was limited by a number of niggling injury problems ( he started only 76 of a possible 126 league matches ) but nevertheless , Hoddle proved to be the architect behind the teams 1984 UEFA Cup triumph despite missing the Final due to fitness concerns . In October 1983 , he helped Spurs win 6–2 on aggregate against a Feyenoord Rotterdam side containing Johan Cruyff . Cruyff was dismissive of Hoddle before their first match , but after Hoddles performance , Cruyff swapped shirts with Hoddle as a sign of respect . Spurs came close to further honours in the next three seasons , reaching third place in the First Division and the quarter-finals of the UEFA Cup in 1984–85 and another FA Cup Final in 1987 , losing 3–2 to Coventry City , the only time the North London club has experienced defeat in the final of the famous knock-out competition . The unexpected loss to the Midlands side was Hoddles last match for Spurs as newly appointed AS Monaco manager Arsène Wenger brought him to the principality for a fee of £750,000 . Between 1975 and 1987 , the gifted playmaker scored 110 goals in 490 first-team matches in all competitions , only four players ( Steve Perryman , Pat Jennings , Gary Mabbutt and Cyril Knowles ) have made more appearances in a Spurs shirt . At international level , Hoddle won 44 caps for England during his Tottenham career . AS Monaco . Hoddle announced in 1987 that he would be leaving Tottenham Hotspur at the end of the season to pursue a career overseas where his style of play would be appreciated by continental managers and supporters , and to play European level football with English clubs banned after the Heysel disaster . He joined AS Monaco alongside George Weah and fellow Englishman Mark Hateley and immediately inspired the club to the 1988 Ligue 1 championship , its first league title in six seasons . Hoddle was voted the Best Foreign Player in French football and helped to guide the team to the quarter-finals of the European Cup in the 1988–89 campaign . Arsène Wenger , later the manager of Arsenal , was the coach who brought him to Monaco . However , a severe knee injury curtailed Hoddles career at the highest level and in November 1990 , the 33-year-old left the club by mutual consent , having helped to improve the standing of English footballers in foreign countries . During his three and a half-year spell in France , Hoddle won a further nine England caps , making his international farewell against the Soviet Union in June 1988 . He returned to England and signed for Chelsea on a non-contract basis to regain his fitness , leaving Stamford Bridge in March 1991 without playing a senior match to become player-manager of Swindon Town in the Second Division . England international career . Hoddle made his debut alongside Kevin Reeves in Englands Euro 80 qualifying tie against Bulgaria on 22 November 1979 , scoring in a 2–0 win at Wembley . He scored in his third appearance against Australia on 31 May 1980 in a friendly in Sydney . His third goal came in his fifth appearance on 25 March 1981 in a game against Spain at Wembley , which England lost 2–1 . He reached the 10-cap point of his career on 27 April 1982 in the British Home Championship clash with Wales in Cardiff , which England won 1–0 . By this stage of his international career he had scored four goals . He was included in the 1982 and 1986 FIFA World Cup squads , and England reached the quarter-finals against Argentina in the latter . Hoddle also featured prominently in the European Championship squads of 1980 and 1988 , making his 53rd and final international appearance in the final group game of Euro 88 , in a 3–1 defeat to the Soviet Union in West Germany . He had scored eight goals for the England senior side in a career stretching nine years , the last of his international goals coming on 23 April 1986 in a 2–1 friendly win over Scotland at Wembley . Managerial career . Swindon Town . When Hoddle arrived at Swindon in March 1991 , the club was struggling in the aftermath of a financial scandal which had seen them stripped of promotion to the First Division at the end of the previous season , a controversy which had negatively impacted the teams league form as they had been forced to sell several key players including midfielder Alan McLoughlin . Hoddle prevented Swindon from slipping into the Third Division and further improvement throughout the 1991–92 season saw the Wiltshire club finish in eighth place , just missing out on a play-off place . They had briefly led the table in October . Swindon reached the playoffs of the rebranded Division One in 1993 and beat Leicester City 4–3 at Wembley , and were then promoted to the Premier League . Hoddle scored Swindons first goal of the final . By the time he guided Swindon to promotion , Hoddle was already been linked with managerial vacancies at bigger clubs . Just days after guiding Swindon to promotion , he accepted the offer to manage Chelsea and was succeeded at Swindon by his assistant John Gorman , who had been widely expected to follow him to Stamford Bridge . Chelsea . In June 1993 , Hoddle became player-manager of Chelsea . His assistant at Chelsea was the former Tottenham manager Peter Shreeves , and they reached the FA Cup final in Hoddles first season , where they lost 4–0 to Manchester United . But United had done the double , and consolation for their failure to win the trophy came in the form of a European Cup Winners Cup place - Chelseas first European campaign for more than 20 years . Chelsea finished 14th in the league that season , memorably managing to inflict two of just four league defeats on the double winners that season , winning 1–0 at Stamford Bridge in September and 1–0 at Old Trafford in March , with Gavin Peacock scoring both times . Chelsea reached the semi-finals of the European Cup Winners competition in 1994–95 and lost by a single goal to Real Zaragoza , who went on to beat Arsenal in the final . Hoddle guided Chelsea to the FA Cup Semi-finals in 1995–96 , but was unable to take them beyond 11th place in the Premiership – they had occupied this final position three times in four years . He did establish them as a force in cup competitions and made them capable of attracting top-class players – such as Ruud Gullit – to the club . Other notable signings were Mark Hughes , Dan Petrescu , Gavin Peacock , David Rocastle and Mark Stein . England . Hoddles three-year reign at Chelsea came to an end in the summer of 1996 , after he had accepted the offer to manage the England national football team in place of Terry Venables after Englands Euro 96 campaign , where they finished as semi-finalists as the host nation . He guided England to qualification for the 1998 World Cup , securing the teams automatic qualification with a 0–0 draw in Rome against Italy . He later caused controversy by omitting Paul Gascoigne from the squad and installing supposed faith healer Eileen Drewery as part of the England coaching staff , which led to the team being dubbed The Hod Squad . They reached the second round of the 1998 tournament , losing on penalties to Argentina . Hoddle came under criticism after a disappointing start to the Euro 2000 qualifying campaign , leading to speculation that he would be sacked - particularly if England failed to qualify . However , Hoddles 60% win rate during his spell as manager is only bettered by Sir Alf Ramsey , Fabio Capello and Sam Allardyce . Dismissal from England job . On 30 January 1999 , with the England team preparing for Euro 2000 , and amidst the fall-out from the previous seasons World Cup , Hoddle gave an interview to Matt Dickinson of The Times newspaper in an attempt to defend himself against his critics ( over issues such as Eileen Drewery and his ideology . ) and show a strong front for the remainder of the qualifiers . Dickinsons interview reported that Hoddle had a controversial belief that the disabled , and others , are being punished for sins in a former life . Hoddles comments were criticised by several politicians including Sports Minister Tony Banks and Prime Minister Tony Blair . Public opinion , based upon the immediate media furore resulted in ( according to one BBC poll ) 90% of respondents believing Hoddle should not continue as England manager . The BBC survey showed that many considered his comments insensitive to disabled people , but others defended his right to express his religious beliefs by claiming that to sack him would constitute religious discrimination . Hoddle said that he was unwilling to resign . He stated his words were misinterpreted and pointed out his contributions and commitment to organisations helping disabled people . The Football Association terminated Hoddles contract on 2 February 1999 , which was welcomed by representatives of disabled groups . The disabled rights campaigner Lord Ashley however , while criticising Hoddles views , defended his right to express them , likening the campaign against Hoddle to a witchhunt and considered Hoddles dismissal a sad day for British tolerance and freedom of speech Some writers considered the remarks were used as a pretext to get rid of him . Hoddle apologised for the offence that had been caused , stating it had never been his intention and continued to fundraise for disabled groups after being dismissed . Southampton . Hoddle was back in football within a year as Southampton manager , succeeding Dave Jones , who had been suspended to concentrate on clearing his name in connection with child abuse charges . Although these allegations were later found to be false , Jones was not reinstated and Hoddle continued as Southamptons manager , having arrived on the South Coast in January 2000 . Hoddle kept the Saints in the Premier League with a 15th-place finish , but left in March 2001 to return to Tottenham as manager . Southampton were on course for a 10th-place finish – their highest since 1995 – when Hoddle left . Tottenham Hotspur . Hoddle was appointed manager of Tottenham in March 2001 with John Gorman as his assistant , following the sacking of George Graham . His first match in charge was the FA Cup semi-final against north London rivals Arsenal which Spurs lost 2–1 . The following year , Tottenham reached the League Cup final in February 2002 ; after winning 5–1 against Hoddles former club Chelsea in the semi-final second leg , Spurs were the favourites but they lost 2–1 to Blackburn Rovers . The clubs promising early season form ( which saw Hoddle voted Premier League Manager of the Month for October 2001 ) dwindled away and they finished ninth in the Premiership . Spurs began the 2002–03 season in fine form and Hoddle was named Premiership Manager of the Month for August 2002 after they ended the month top of the league . They finished in a disappointing 10th place at the end of the season . The pressure began to build up on Hoddle and he was sacked in September 2003 after a slow start to the season , in which the team picked up just four points from their opening six league games . His final game in charge was a 3–1 loss to his former side Southampton . Wolverhampton Wanderers . Hoddle was linked with a return to Southampton in March 2004 , but opposition from supporters meant chairman Rupert Lowe pursued alternative targets and ultimately selected Paul Sturrock instead . Instead he returned to management on 7 December 2004 with Wolverhampton Wanderers , again succeeding Dave Jones . Wolves lost only one of their remaining 25 games but failed to reach the play-offs because 15 of those games had been draws . In the 2005–06 season , drawing too many games again cost Wolves a top-six finish , with the club drawing 19 of their 46 league games . Wolves finished seventh , eight points off the playoffs . Wolves fans turned against Hoddle and there were chants against him during the last home game of the season against Watford . The board kept faith with Hoddle , but he stepped down on 1 July 2006 , stating differing expectations between himself and the club as the reason for his departure . In his time with Wolverhampton Wanderers , the club drew 34 league games in his 76 games in charge , spanning over two seasons . Football academy . By January 2008 , Hoddle was attempting to raise the capital to form the Glenn Hoddle Academy based in Spain . The aim of the academy is to give another chance to young players released by football clubs in England to become professional players . Ikechi Anya was his first player at the academy to get a professional contract at a club , with Sevilla Atlético in Spain . In June 2011 , it was announced that The Glenn Hoddle Academy had linked up with English Conference North side Hyde . The Academy had previously enjoyed a link with the Spanish fourth-tier side Jerez Industrial , providing their entire squad and coaches , but fell out in a dispute over cash . Management offers . Hoddle said in December 2013 that he been offered a chance to return to management no less than 26 times in seven years , but commented that he would not return to management until his academy was able to run itself . In April 2014 he said he had come close to taking over from André Villas-Boas at Tottenham , before the job was given to Tim Sherwood . I did have talks with Daniel Levy and the club , Hoddle said . He wanted a little bit of advice and a bit of a sounding board for himself . [ I said ] I am there for you if you want me to take it to the end of the season and then we will have a little look at it then , I would be prepared to do that . I wouldnt do it for any other club for that short period of time . It was just that it is in my DNA . I have loved my time at other clubs , I really have , but being a Spurs supporter since I was eight , going there very young , it is in my blood . In August 2014 , Hoddle was appointed first team coach at Queens Park Rangers under Harry Redknapp . However , on 3 February 2015 , Redknapp resigned , following which Hoddle also left the club . In June 2016 , after Englands 2–1 loss to Iceland at Euro 2016 and manager Roy Hodgsons subsequent resignation , Harry Redknapp and Alan Shearer both put forward Hoddle as a candidate for the job before Sam Allardyce was appointed . Media career . Hoddle has done punditry work since his retirement from coaching . He has worked for ESPN , ITV Sport and BT Sport . Hoddle began working with ESPN during Euro 2012 as a pundit . Since then , he has worked with ITV for the 2014 FIFA World Cup , Euro 2016 and the 2018 World Cup . He also does punditry and co-commentary for BT Sport on their telecasts of the Premier League , FA Cup , Champions League and Europa League . Singing career . In May 1987 , Hoddle released the pop single Diamond Lights , which reached number 12 in the UK Singles Chart . It was a duet with his Spurs and England teammate Chris Waddle . The pairs follow up single Its Goodbye only managed to reach 92 in the British charts . In 2021 , Hoddle appeared as a contestant on the second series of the British version of The Masked Singer , masked as the Grandfather Clock . He finished in 9th place . Personal life . In 1986 , while on holiday in Israel , Hoddle said that he had an experience which led him to become a born-again Christian . Hoddle has been married twice , firstly to Christine Ann Stirling ( 1979–1998 ) and subsequently to Vanessa Colburn ( 2000–2015 ) . He has three children with his first wife ( Zara , Jamie and Zoe ) . In 1996 , his younger brother , former footballer Carl Hoddle , overdosed on paracetamol , but recovered . In March 2008 , Carl Hoddle died at the age of 40 after collapsing suddenly from a brain aneurysm . Glenn Hoddle was reportedly devastated by the death of his brother . On 27 October 2018 , his 61st birthday , Hoddle suffered a cardiac arrest in a London TV studio and was taken to hospital for emergency heart surgery . The Guardian reported that he had been close to death and was saved by the actions of an employee at BT Sport , Simon Daniels , who knew how to use a defibrillator . On 23 November 2018 , Hoddle left St Bartholomews Hospital to recuperate at home after his hospital treatment . In March 2021 , Hoddle said he was devastated when he heard the news that Glenn Roeder had died aged 65 , describing him as a lovely guy and a really good coach . Roeder worked as a coach under Hoddle during his time as England manager . Honours . Source : Player . Tottenham Hotspur - FA Cup : 1980–81 , 1981–82 - FA Charity Shield : 1981 ( shared ) - UEFA Cup : 1983–84 AS Monaco - Division 1 : 1987–88 Individual - PFA Young Player of the Year : 1979–80 - PFA Second Division Team of the Year : 1977–78 - PFA First Division Team of the Year : 1979–80 , 1981–82 , 1983–84 , 1985–86 , 1986–87 - PFA Team of the Century ( 1977–1996 ) : 2007 - Division 1 Foreign Player of the Year : 1987–88 - English Football Hall of Fame Inductee : 2007 Player Manager . Swindon Town - Football League First Division play-offs : 1993 Chelsea - FA Cup runner-up : 1993–94 Manager . Tottenham Hotspur - Football League Cup runner-up : 2001–02 Individual - Premier League Manager of the Month : October 2001 , August 2002 External links . - Hoddle quotes - Hoddles football academy - Glenn Hoddle Collection at the National Football Collection - Stats at neilbrown.com - The Telegraph Glenn Hoddle Factfile .
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Which team did Glenn Hoddle play for from 1987 to 1988?
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/wiki/Glenn_Hoddle#P54#1
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Glenn Hoddle Glenn Hoddle ( born 27 October 1957 ) is an English former football player and manager . He currently works as a television pundit and commentator for ITV Sport and BT Sport . He played as a midfielder for Tottenham Hotspur , Monaco , Chelsea and Swindon Town and at international level for England . In 2007 , he was inducted into the National Football Museum Hall of Fame , which cited him as one of the most gifted and creative English footballers of his generation , exhibiting sublime balance and close control , unrivalled passing and vision and extraordinary shooting ability , both from open play and set pieces . He was also known for his tactical intelligence and work-rate . He has been manager of Swindon Town ( earning promotion to the Premier League ) , Chelsea ( taking them to the FA Cup final ) , Southampton , Tottenham Hotspur ( reaching a League Cup final ) and Wolverhampton Wanderers . He managed England to the second round of the 1998 FIFA World Cup , where they lost to Argentina on penalties . He was dismissed from the England job in 1999 for a newspaper interview in which he was widely interpreted as saying that disabled people are affected by karma from past lives . He said that his words were misconstrued , misunderstood and misinterpreted and that disabled people had his overwhelming support , care , consideration and dedication . Early life . Hoddle was born on 27 October 1957 in Hayes , Middlesex to Derek Hoddle and Teresa Roberts . Soon after , the family moved to Harlow , Essex . He attended Burnt Mill School in Harlow . He has been supporting Tottenham Hotspur since he was eight , and his favourite player was Martin Chivers . He first came to the attention of Spurs when Chivers and Ray Evans went to present prizes at a local school cup final and noticed the potential of the 11-year-old schoolboy , and on Chivers recommendation he was invited to train with the club at Tottenhams practice ground in Cheshunt . At the age of 15 , Hoddle played for Harlow-based Sunday league club Longmans alongside his father . Hoddles uncle , Dave , was part of the Stansted team that won the 1984 FA Vase . Playing career . Tottenham Hotspur . Hoddle joined the club as a junior when he was 12 , and signed for the club as an apprentice on 17 April 1974 . He successfully overcame knee problems in his early teens and collected eight England Youth caps , the first of these on 18 March 1975 against Spain . He made his Spurs first-team debut as a 17-year-old substitute for Cyril Knowles against Norwich City on 30 August 1975 , a game that ended 2–2 . Hoddle was forced to wait until 21 February 1976 to start a First Division match and immediately announced his arrival with the winning goal , a spectacular strike past Stoke City and England goalkeeper Peter Shilton . He flourished under the management of Keith Burkinshaw and despite the clubs relegation to the Second Division in 1976–77 after 27 seasons of First Division football , a Hoddle-inspired Spurs side won promotion to the top flight at the first attempt . As Tottenhams transitional phase continued , Hoddles international career began on 15 December 1976 in an Under-21 friendly fixture against Wales . He would collect another eleven caps at that level , and play twice for the England B team prior to scoring on his full international debut against Bulgaria on 22 November 1979 . The 1979–80 campaign heralded the emergence of Hoddle as a top-class player ; the 22-year-old midfielder scored 19 goals in 41 league appearances and was awarded the PFA Young Player of the Year award at the end of the season . In 1981 , he starred as Spurs won the FA Cup for the sixth time , defeating Manchester City after a replay . In the following season Tottenham retained the FA Cup ( Hoddle scored in both the Final and Final replay ) against Queens Park Rangers and finished the League campaign in fourth place , the clubs best league position since 1971 . Hoddle performed as the midfield fulcrum in many of these successes and also contributed magnificently as the team reached the final of the League Cup , losing 3–1 to Liverpool , and the semi-final stage of the European Cup Winners Cup . During the summer of 1982 , Hoddle played in two of Englands matches in the opening group phase of the FIFA World Cup , starting against Kuwait after a substitute appearance in a 2–0 victory over Czechoslovakia . Hoddles involvement in the following three seasons was limited by a number of niggling injury problems ( he started only 76 of a possible 126 league matches ) but nevertheless , Hoddle proved to be the architect behind the teams 1984 UEFA Cup triumph despite missing the Final due to fitness concerns . In October 1983 , he helped Spurs win 6–2 on aggregate against a Feyenoord Rotterdam side containing Johan Cruyff . Cruyff was dismissive of Hoddle before their first match , but after Hoddles performance , Cruyff swapped shirts with Hoddle as a sign of respect . Spurs came close to further honours in the next three seasons , reaching third place in the First Division and the quarter-finals of the UEFA Cup in 1984–85 and another FA Cup Final in 1987 , losing 3–2 to Coventry City , the only time the North London club has experienced defeat in the final of the famous knock-out competition . The unexpected loss to the Midlands side was Hoddles last match for Spurs as newly appointed AS Monaco manager Arsène Wenger brought him to the principality for a fee of £750,000 . Between 1975 and 1987 , the gifted playmaker scored 110 goals in 490 first-team matches in all competitions , only four players ( Steve Perryman , Pat Jennings , Gary Mabbutt and Cyril Knowles ) have made more appearances in a Spurs shirt . At international level , Hoddle won 44 caps for England during his Tottenham career . AS Monaco . Hoddle announced in 1987 that he would be leaving Tottenham Hotspur at the end of the season to pursue a career overseas where his style of play would be appreciated by continental managers and supporters , and to play European level football with English clubs banned after the Heysel disaster . He joined AS Monaco alongside George Weah and fellow Englishman Mark Hateley and immediately inspired the club to the 1988 Ligue 1 championship , its first league title in six seasons . Hoddle was voted the Best Foreign Player in French football and helped to guide the team to the quarter-finals of the European Cup in the 1988–89 campaign . Arsène Wenger , later the manager of Arsenal , was the coach who brought him to Monaco . However , a severe knee injury curtailed Hoddles career at the highest level and in November 1990 , the 33-year-old left the club by mutual consent , having helped to improve the standing of English footballers in foreign countries . During his three and a half-year spell in France , Hoddle won a further nine England caps , making his international farewell against the Soviet Union in June 1988 . He returned to England and signed for Chelsea on a non-contract basis to regain his fitness , leaving Stamford Bridge in March 1991 without playing a senior match to become player-manager of Swindon Town in the Second Division . England international career . Hoddle made his debut alongside Kevin Reeves in Englands Euro 80 qualifying tie against Bulgaria on 22 November 1979 , scoring in a 2–0 win at Wembley . He scored in his third appearance against Australia on 31 May 1980 in a friendly in Sydney . His third goal came in his fifth appearance on 25 March 1981 in a game against Spain at Wembley , which England lost 2–1 . He reached the 10-cap point of his career on 27 April 1982 in the British Home Championship clash with Wales in Cardiff , which England won 1–0 . By this stage of his international career he had scored four goals . He was included in the 1982 and 1986 FIFA World Cup squads , and England reached the quarter-finals against Argentina in the latter . Hoddle also featured prominently in the European Championship squads of 1980 and 1988 , making his 53rd and final international appearance in the final group game of Euro 88 , in a 3–1 defeat to the Soviet Union in West Germany . He had scored eight goals for the England senior side in a career stretching nine years , the last of his international goals coming on 23 April 1986 in a 2–1 friendly win over Scotland at Wembley . Managerial career . Swindon Town . When Hoddle arrived at Swindon in March 1991 , the club was struggling in the aftermath of a financial scandal which had seen them stripped of promotion to the First Division at the end of the previous season , a controversy which had negatively impacted the teams league form as they had been forced to sell several key players including midfielder Alan McLoughlin . Hoddle prevented Swindon from slipping into the Third Division and further improvement throughout the 1991–92 season saw the Wiltshire club finish in eighth place , just missing out on a play-off place . They had briefly led the table in October . Swindon reached the playoffs of the rebranded Division One in 1993 and beat Leicester City 4–3 at Wembley , and were then promoted to the Premier League . Hoddle scored Swindons first goal of the final . By the time he guided Swindon to promotion , Hoddle was already been linked with managerial vacancies at bigger clubs . Just days after guiding Swindon to promotion , he accepted the offer to manage Chelsea and was succeeded at Swindon by his assistant John Gorman , who had been widely expected to follow him to Stamford Bridge . Chelsea . In June 1993 , Hoddle became player-manager of Chelsea . His assistant at Chelsea was the former Tottenham manager Peter Shreeves , and they reached the FA Cup final in Hoddles first season , where they lost 4–0 to Manchester United . But United had done the double , and consolation for their failure to win the trophy came in the form of a European Cup Winners Cup place - Chelseas first European campaign for more than 20 years . Chelsea finished 14th in the league that season , memorably managing to inflict two of just four league defeats on the double winners that season , winning 1–0 at Stamford Bridge in September and 1–0 at Old Trafford in March , with Gavin Peacock scoring both times . Chelsea reached the semi-finals of the European Cup Winners competition in 1994–95 and lost by a single goal to Real Zaragoza , who went on to beat Arsenal in the final . Hoddle guided Chelsea to the FA Cup Semi-finals in 1995–96 , but was unable to take them beyond 11th place in the Premiership – they had occupied this final position three times in four years . He did establish them as a force in cup competitions and made them capable of attracting top-class players – such as Ruud Gullit – to the club . Other notable signings were Mark Hughes , Dan Petrescu , Gavin Peacock , David Rocastle and Mark Stein . England . Hoddles three-year reign at Chelsea came to an end in the summer of 1996 , after he had accepted the offer to manage the England national football team in place of Terry Venables after Englands Euro 96 campaign , where they finished as semi-finalists as the host nation . He guided England to qualification for the 1998 World Cup , securing the teams automatic qualification with a 0–0 draw in Rome against Italy . He later caused controversy by omitting Paul Gascoigne from the squad and installing supposed faith healer Eileen Drewery as part of the England coaching staff , which led to the team being dubbed The Hod Squad . They reached the second round of the 1998 tournament , losing on penalties to Argentina . Hoddle came under criticism after a disappointing start to the Euro 2000 qualifying campaign , leading to speculation that he would be sacked - particularly if England failed to qualify . However , Hoddles 60% win rate during his spell as manager is only bettered by Sir Alf Ramsey , Fabio Capello and Sam Allardyce . Dismissal from England job . On 30 January 1999 , with the England team preparing for Euro 2000 , and amidst the fall-out from the previous seasons World Cup , Hoddle gave an interview to Matt Dickinson of The Times newspaper in an attempt to defend himself against his critics ( over issues such as Eileen Drewery and his ideology . ) and show a strong front for the remainder of the qualifiers . Dickinsons interview reported that Hoddle had a controversial belief that the disabled , and others , are being punished for sins in a former life . Hoddles comments were criticised by several politicians including Sports Minister Tony Banks and Prime Minister Tony Blair . Public opinion , based upon the immediate media furore resulted in ( according to one BBC poll ) 90% of respondents believing Hoddle should not continue as England manager . The BBC survey showed that many considered his comments insensitive to disabled people , but others defended his right to express his religious beliefs by claiming that to sack him would constitute religious discrimination . Hoddle said that he was unwilling to resign . He stated his words were misinterpreted and pointed out his contributions and commitment to organisations helping disabled people . The Football Association terminated Hoddles contract on 2 February 1999 , which was welcomed by representatives of disabled groups . The disabled rights campaigner Lord Ashley however , while criticising Hoddles views , defended his right to express them , likening the campaign against Hoddle to a witchhunt and considered Hoddles dismissal a sad day for British tolerance and freedom of speech Some writers considered the remarks were used as a pretext to get rid of him . Hoddle apologised for the offence that had been caused , stating it had never been his intention and continued to fundraise for disabled groups after being dismissed . Southampton . Hoddle was back in football within a year as Southampton manager , succeeding Dave Jones , who had been suspended to concentrate on clearing his name in connection with child abuse charges . Although these allegations were later found to be false , Jones was not reinstated and Hoddle continued as Southamptons manager , having arrived on the South Coast in January 2000 . Hoddle kept the Saints in the Premier League with a 15th-place finish , but left in March 2001 to return to Tottenham as manager . Southampton were on course for a 10th-place finish – their highest since 1995 – when Hoddle left . Tottenham Hotspur . Hoddle was appointed manager of Tottenham in March 2001 with John Gorman as his assistant , following the sacking of George Graham . His first match in charge was the FA Cup semi-final against north London rivals Arsenal which Spurs lost 2–1 . The following year , Tottenham reached the League Cup final in February 2002 ; after winning 5–1 against Hoddles former club Chelsea in the semi-final second leg , Spurs were the favourites but they lost 2–1 to Blackburn Rovers . The clubs promising early season form ( which saw Hoddle voted Premier League Manager of the Month for October 2001 ) dwindled away and they finished ninth in the Premiership . Spurs began the 2002–03 season in fine form and Hoddle was named Premiership Manager of the Month for August 2002 after they ended the month top of the league . They finished in a disappointing 10th place at the end of the season . The pressure began to build up on Hoddle and he was sacked in September 2003 after a slow start to the season , in which the team picked up just four points from their opening six league games . His final game in charge was a 3–1 loss to his former side Southampton . Wolverhampton Wanderers . Hoddle was linked with a return to Southampton in March 2004 , but opposition from supporters meant chairman Rupert Lowe pursued alternative targets and ultimately selected Paul Sturrock instead . Instead he returned to management on 7 December 2004 with Wolverhampton Wanderers , again succeeding Dave Jones . Wolves lost only one of their remaining 25 games but failed to reach the play-offs because 15 of those games had been draws . In the 2005–06 season , drawing too many games again cost Wolves a top-six finish , with the club drawing 19 of their 46 league games . Wolves finished seventh , eight points off the playoffs . Wolves fans turned against Hoddle and there were chants against him during the last home game of the season against Watford . The board kept faith with Hoddle , but he stepped down on 1 July 2006 , stating differing expectations between himself and the club as the reason for his departure . In his time with Wolverhampton Wanderers , the club drew 34 league games in his 76 games in charge , spanning over two seasons . Football academy . By January 2008 , Hoddle was attempting to raise the capital to form the Glenn Hoddle Academy based in Spain . The aim of the academy is to give another chance to young players released by football clubs in England to become professional players . Ikechi Anya was his first player at the academy to get a professional contract at a club , with Sevilla Atlético in Spain . In June 2011 , it was announced that The Glenn Hoddle Academy had linked up with English Conference North side Hyde . The Academy had previously enjoyed a link with the Spanish fourth-tier side Jerez Industrial , providing their entire squad and coaches , but fell out in a dispute over cash . Management offers . Hoddle said in December 2013 that he been offered a chance to return to management no less than 26 times in seven years , but commented that he would not return to management until his academy was able to run itself . In April 2014 he said he had come close to taking over from André Villas-Boas at Tottenham , before the job was given to Tim Sherwood . I did have talks with Daniel Levy and the club , Hoddle said . He wanted a little bit of advice and a bit of a sounding board for himself . [ I said ] I am there for you if you want me to take it to the end of the season and then we will have a little look at it then , I would be prepared to do that . I wouldnt do it for any other club for that short period of time . It was just that it is in my DNA . I have loved my time at other clubs , I really have , but being a Spurs supporter since I was eight , going there very young , it is in my blood . In August 2014 , Hoddle was appointed first team coach at Queens Park Rangers under Harry Redknapp . However , on 3 February 2015 , Redknapp resigned , following which Hoddle also left the club . In June 2016 , after Englands 2–1 loss to Iceland at Euro 2016 and manager Roy Hodgsons subsequent resignation , Harry Redknapp and Alan Shearer both put forward Hoddle as a candidate for the job before Sam Allardyce was appointed . Media career . Hoddle has done punditry work since his retirement from coaching . He has worked for ESPN , ITV Sport and BT Sport . Hoddle began working with ESPN during Euro 2012 as a pundit . Since then , he has worked with ITV for the 2014 FIFA World Cup , Euro 2016 and the 2018 World Cup . He also does punditry and co-commentary for BT Sport on their telecasts of the Premier League , FA Cup , Champions League and Europa League . Singing career . In May 1987 , Hoddle released the pop single Diamond Lights , which reached number 12 in the UK Singles Chart . It was a duet with his Spurs and England teammate Chris Waddle . The pairs follow up single Its Goodbye only managed to reach 92 in the British charts . In 2021 , Hoddle appeared as a contestant on the second series of the British version of The Masked Singer , masked as the Grandfather Clock . He finished in 9th place . Personal life . In 1986 , while on holiday in Israel , Hoddle said that he had an experience which led him to become a born-again Christian . Hoddle has been married twice , firstly to Christine Ann Stirling ( 1979–1998 ) and subsequently to Vanessa Colburn ( 2000–2015 ) . He has three children with his first wife ( Zara , Jamie and Zoe ) . In 1996 , his younger brother , former footballer Carl Hoddle , overdosed on paracetamol , but recovered . In March 2008 , Carl Hoddle died at the age of 40 after collapsing suddenly from a brain aneurysm . Glenn Hoddle was reportedly devastated by the death of his brother . On 27 October 2018 , his 61st birthday , Hoddle suffered a cardiac arrest in a London TV studio and was taken to hospital for emergency heart surgery . The Guardian reported that he had been close to death and was saved by the actions of an employee at BT Sport , Simon Daniels , who knew how to use a defibrillator . On 23 November 2018 , Hoddle left St Bartholomews Hospital to recuperate at home after his hospital treatment . In March 2021 , Hoddle said he was devastated when he heard the news that Glenn Roeder had died aged 65 , describing him as a lovely guy and a really good coach . Roeder worked as a coach under Hoddle during his time as England manager . Honours . Source : Player . Tottenham Hotspur - FA Cup : 1980–81 , 1981–82 - FA Charity Shield : 1981 ( shared ) - UEFA Cup : 1983–84 AS Monaco - Division 1 : 1987–88 Individual - PFA Young Player of the Year : 1979–80 - PFA Second Division Team of the Year : 1977–78 - PFA First Division Team of the Year : 1979–80 , 1981–82 , 1983–84 , 1985–86 , 1986–87 - PFA Team of the Century ( 1977–1996 ) : 2007 - Division 1 Foreign Player of the Year : 1987–88 - English Football Hall of Fame Inductee : 2007 Player Manager . Swindon Town - Football League First Division play-offs : 1993 Chelsea - FA Cup runner-up : 1993–94 Manager . Tottenham Hotspur - Football League Cup runner-up : 2001–02 Individual - Premier League Manager of the Month : October 2001 , August 2002 External links . - Hoddle quotes - Hoddles football academy - Glenn Hoddle Collection at the National Football Collection - Stats at neilbrown.com - The Telegraph Glenn Hoddle Factfile .
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Glenn Hoddle Glenn Hoddle ( born 27 October 1957 ) is an English former football player and manager . He currently works as a television pundit and commentator for ITV Sport and BT Sport . He played as a midfielder for Tottenham Hotspur , Monaco , Chelsea and Swindon Town and at international level for England . In 2007 , he was inducted into the National Football Museum Hall of Fame , which cited him as one of the most gifted and creative English footballers of his generation , exhibiting sublime balance and close control , unrivalled passing and vision and extraordinary shooting ability , both from open play and set pieces . He was also known for his tactical intelligence and work-rate . He has been manager of Swindon Town ( earning promotion to the Premier League ) , Chelsea ( taking them to the FA Cup final ) , Southampton , Tottenham Hotspur ( reaching a League Cup final ) and Wolverhampton Wanderers . He managed England to the second round of the 1998 FIFA World Cup , where they lost to Argentina on penalties . He was dismissed from the England job in 1999 for a newspaper interview in which he was widely interpreted as saying that disabled people are affected by karma from past lives . He said that his words were misconstrued , misunderstood and misinterpreted and that disabled people had his overwhelming support , care , consideration and dedication . Early life . Hoddle was born on 27 October 1957 in Hayes , Middlesex to Derek Hoddle and Teresa Roberts . Soon after , the family moved to Harlow , Essex . He attended Burnt Mill School in Harlow . He has been supporting Tottenham Hotspur since he was eight , and his favourite player was Martin Chivers . He first came to the attention of Spurs when Chivers and Ray Evans went to present prizes at a local school cup final and noticed the potential of the 11-year-old schoolboy , and on Chivers recommendation he was invited to train with the club at Tottenhams practice ground in Cheshunt . At the age of 15 , Hoddle played for Harlow-based Sunday league club Longmans alongside his father . Hoddles uncle , Dave , was part of the Stansted team that won the 1984 FA Vase . Playing career . Tottenham Hotspur . Hoddle joined the club as a junior when he was 12 , and signed for the club as an apprentice on 17 April 1974 . He successfully overcame knee problems in his early teens and collected eight England Youth caps , the first of these on 18 March 1975 against Spain . He made his Spurs first-team debut as a 17-year-old substitute for Cyril Knowles against Norwich City on 30 August 1975 , a game that ended 2–2 . Hoddle was forced to wait until 21 February 1976 to start a First Division match and immediately announced his arrival with the winning goal , a spectacular strike past Stoke City and England goalkeeper Peter Shilton . He flourished under the management of Keith Burkinshaw and despite the clubs relegation to the Second Division in 1976–77 after 27 seasons of First Division football , a Hoddle-inspired Spurs side won promotion to the top flight at the first attempt . As Tottenhams transitional phase continued , Hoddles international career began on 15 December 1976 in an Under-21 friendly fixture against Wales . He would collect another eleven caps at that level , and play twice for the England B team prior to scoring on his full international debut against Bulgaria on 22 November 1979 . The 1979–80 campaign heralded the emergence of Hoddle as a top-class player ; the 22-year-old midfielder scored 19 goals in 41 league appearances and was awarded the PFA Young Player of the Year award at the end of the season . In 1981 , he starred as Spurs won the FA Cup for the sixth time , defeating Manchester City after a replay . In the following season Tottenham retained the FA Cup ( Hoddle scored in both the Final and Final replay ) against Queens Park Rangers and finished the League campaign in fourth place , the clubs best league position since 1971 . Hoddle performed as the midfield fulcrum in many of these successes and also contributed magnificently as the team reached the final of the League Cup , losing 3–1 to Liverpool , and the semi-final stage of the European Cup Winners Cup . During the summer of 1982 , Hoddle played in two of Englands matches in the opening group phase of the FIFA World Cup , starting against Kuwait after a substitute appearance in a 2–0 victory over Czechoslovakia . Hoddles involvement in the following three seasons was limited by a number of niggling injury problems ( he started only 76 of a possible 126 league matches ) but nevertheless , Hoddle proved to be the architect behind the teams 1984 UEFA Cup triumph despite missing the Final due to fitness concerns . In October 1983 , he helped Spurs win 6–2 on aggregate against a Feyenoord Rotterdam side containing Johan Cruyff . Cruyff was dismissive of Hoddle before their first match , but after Hoddles performance , Cruyff swapped shirts with Hoddle as a sign of respect . Spurs came close to further honours in the next three seasons , reaching third place in the First Division and the quarter-finals of the UEFA Cup in 1984–85 and another FA Cup Final in 1987 , losing 3–2 to Coventry City , the only time the North London club has experienced defeat in the final of the famous knock-out competition . The unexpected loss to the Midlands side was Hoddles last match for Spurs as newly appointed AS Monaco manager Arsène Wenger brought him to the principality for a fee of £750,000 . Between 1975 and 1987 , the gifted playmaker scored 110 goals in 490 first-team matches in all competitions , only four players ( Steve Perryman , Pat Jennings , Gary Mabbutt and Cyril Knowles ) have made more appearances in a Spurs shirt . At international level , Hoddle won 44 caps for England during his Tottenham career . AS Monaco . Hoddle announced in 1987 that he would be leaving Tottenham Hotspur at the end of the season to pursue a career overseas where his style of play would be appreciated by continental managers and supporters , and to play European level football with English clubs banned after the Heysel disaster . He joined AS Monaco alongside George Weah and fellow Englishman Mark Hateley and immediately inspired the club to the 1988 Ligue 1 championship , its first league title in six seasons . Hoddle was voted the Best Foreign Player in French football and helped to guide the team to the quarter-finals of the European Cup in the 1988–89 campaign . Arsène Wenger , later the manager of Arsenal , was the coach who brought him to Monaco . However , a severe knee injury curtailed Hoddles career at the highest level and in November 1990 , the 33-year-old left the club by mutual consent , having helped to improve the standing of English footballers in foreign countries . During his three and a half-year spell in France , Hoddle won a further nine England caps , making his international farewell against the Soviet Union in June 1988 . He returned to England and signed for Chelsea on a non-contract basis to regain his fitness , leaving Stamford Bridge in March 1991 without playing a senior match to become player-manager of Swindon Town in the Second Division . England international career . Hoddle made his debut alongside Kevin Reeves in Englands Euro 80 qualifying tie against Bulgaria on 22 November 1979 , scoring in a 2–0 win at Wembley . He scored in his third appearance against Australia on 31 May 1980 in a friendly in Sydney . His third goal came in his fifth appearance on 25 March 1981 in a game against Spain at Wembley , which England lost 2–1 . He reached the 10-cap point of his career on 27 April 1982 in the British Home Championship clash with Wales in Cardiff , which England won 1–0 . By this stage of his international career he had scored four goals . He was included in the 1982 and 1986 FIFA World Cup squads , and England reached the quarter-finals against Argentina in the latter . Hoddle also featured prominently in the European Championship squads of 1980 and 1988 , making his 53rd and final international appearance in the final group game of Euro 88 , in a 3–1 defeat to the Soviet Union in West Germany . He had scored eight goals for the England senior side in a career stretching nine years , the last of his international goals coming on 23 April 1986 in a 2–1 friendly win over Scotland at Wembley . Managerial career . Swindon Town . When Hoddle arrived at Swindon in March 1991 , the club was struggling in the aftermath of a financial scandal which had seen them stripped of promotion to the First Division at the end of the previous season , a controversy which had negatively impacted the teams league form as they had been forced to sell several key players including midfielder Alan McLoughlin . Hoddle prevented Swindon from slipping into the Third Division and further improvement throughout the 1991–92 season saw the Wiltshire club finish in eighth place , just missing out on a play-off place . They had briefly led the table in October . Swindon reached the playoffs of the rebranded Division One in 1993 and beat Leicester City 4–3 at Wembley , and were then promoted to the Premier League . Hoddle scored Swindons first goal of the final . By the time he guided Swindon to promotion , Hoddle was already been linked with managerial vacancies at bigger clubs . Just days after guiding Swindon to promotion , he accepted the offer to manage Chelsea and was succeeded at Swindon by his assistant John Gorman , who had been widely expected to follow him to Stamford Bridge . Chelsea . In June 1993 , Hoddle became player-manager of Chelsea . His assistant at Chelsea was the former Tottenham manager Peter Shreeves , and they reached the FA Cup final in Hoddles first season , where they lost 4–0 to Manchester United . But United had done the double , and consolation for their failure to win the trophy came in the form of a European Cup Winners Cup place - Chelseas first European campaign for more than 20 years . Chelsea finished 14th in the league that season , memorably managing to inflict two of just four league defeats on the double winners that season , winning 1–0 at Stamford Bridge in September and 1–0 at Old Trafford in March , with Gavin Peacock scoring both times . Chelsea reached the semi-finals of the European Cup Winners competition in 1994–95 and lost by a single goal to Real Zaragoza , who went on to beat Arsenal in the final . Hoddle guided Chelsea to the FA Cup Semi-finals in 1995–96 , but was unable to take them beyond 11th place in the Premiership – they had occupied this final position three times in four years . He did establish them as a force in cup competitions and made them capable of attracting top-class players – such as Ruud Gullit – to the club . Other notable signings were Mark Hughes , Dan Petrescu , Gavin Peacock , David Rocastle and Mark Stein . England . Hoddles three-year reign at Chelsea came to an end in the summer of 1996 , after he had accepted the offer to manage the England national football team in place of Terry Venables after Englands Euro 96 campaign , where they finished as semi-finalists as the host nation . He guided England to qualification for the 1998 World Cup , securing the teams automatic qualification with a 0–0 draw in Rome against Italy . He later caused controversy by omitting Paul Gascoigne from the squad and installing supposed faith healer Eileen Drewery as part of the England coaching staff , which led to the team being dubbed The Hod Squad . They reached the second round of the 1998 tournament , losing on penalties to Argentina . Hoddle came under criticism after a disappointing start to the Euro 2000 qualifying campaign , leading to speculation that he would be sacked - particularly if England failed to qualify . However , Hoddles 60% win rate during his spell as manager is only bettered by Sir Alf Ramsey , Fabio Capello and Sam Allardyce . Dismissal from England job . On 30 January 1999 , with the England team preparing for Euro 2000 , and amidst the fall-out from the previous seasons World Cup , Hoddle gave an interview to Matt Dickinson of The Times newspaper in an attempt to defend himself against his critics ( over issues such as Eileen Drewery and his ideology . ) and show a strong front for the remainder of the qualifiers . Dickinsons interview reported that Hoddle had a controversial belief that the disabled , and others , are being punished for sins in a former life . Hoddles comments were criticised by several politicians including Sports Minister Tony Banks and Prime Minister Tony Blair . Public opinion , based upon the immediate media furore resulted in ( according to one BBC poll ) 90% of respondents believing Hoddle should not continue as England manager . The BBC survey showed that many considered his comments insensitive to disabled people , but others defended his right to express his religious beliefs by claiming that to sack him would constitute religious discrimination . Hoddle said that he was unwilling to resign . He stated his words were misinterpreted and pointed out his contributions and commitment to organisations helping disabled people . The Football Association terminated Hoddles contract on 2 February 1999 , which was welcomed by representatives of disabled groups . The disabled rights campaigner Lord Ashley however , while criticising Hoddles views , defended his right to express them , likening the campaign against Hoddle to a witchhunt and considered Hoddles dismissal a sad day for British tolerance and freedom of speech Some writers considered the remarks were used as a pretext to get rid of him . Hoddle apologised for the offence that had been caused , stating it had never been his intention and continued to fundraise for disabled groups after being dismissed . Southampton . Hoddle was back in football within a year as Southampton manager , succeeding Dave Jones , who had been suspended to concentrate on clearing his name in connection with child abuse charges . Although these allegations were later found to be false , Jones was not reinstated and Hoddle continued as Southamptons manager , having arrived on the South Coast in January 2000 . Hoddle kept the Saints in the Premier League with a 15th-place finish , but left in March 2001 to return to Tottenham as manager . Southampton were on course for a 10th-place finish – their highest since 1995 – when Hoddle left . Tottenham Hotspur . Hoddle was appointed manager of Tottenham in March 2001 with John Gorman as his assistant , following the sacking of George Graham . His first match in charge was the FA Cup semi-final against north London rivals Arsenal which Spurs lost 2–1 . The following year , Tottenham reached the League Cup final in February 2002 ; after winning 5–1 against Hoddles former club Chelsea in the semi-final second leg , Spurs were the favourites but they lost 2–1 to Blackburn Rovers . The clubs promising early season form ( which saw Hoddle voted Premier League Manager of the Month for October 2001 ) dwindled away and they finished ninth in the Premiership . Spurs began the 2002–03 season in fine form and Hoddle was named Premiership Manager of the Month for August 2002 after they ended the month top of the league . They finished in a disappointing 10th place at the end of the season . The pressure began to build up on Hoddle and he was sacked in September 2003 after a slow start to the season , in which the team picked up just four points from their opening six league games . His final game in charge was a 3–1 loss to his former side Southampton . Wolverhampton Wanderers . Hoddle was linked with a return to Southampton in March 2004 , but opposition from supporters meant chairman Rupert Lowe pursued alternative targets and ultimately selected Paul Sturrock instead . Instead he returned to management on 7 December 2004 with Wolverhampton Wanderers , again succeeding Dave Jones . Wolves lost only one of their remaining 25 games but failed to reach the play-offs because 15 of those games had been draws . In the 2005–06 season , drawing too many games again cost Wolves a top-six finish , with the club drawing 19 of their 46 league games . Wolves finished seventh , eight points off the playoffs . Wolves fans turned against Hoddle and there were chants against him during the last home game of the season against Watford . The board kept faith with Hoddle , but he stepped down on 1 July 2006 , stating differing expectations between himself and the club as the reason for his departure . In his time with Wolverhampton Wanderers , the club drew 34 league games in his 76 games in charge , spanning over two seasons . Football academy . By January 2008 , Hoddle was attempting to raise the capital to form the Glenn Hoddle Academy based in Spain . The aim of the academy is to give another chance to young players released by football clubs in England to become professional players . Ikechi Anya was his first player at the academy to get a professional contract at a club , with Sevilla Atlético in Spain . In June 2011 , it was announced that The Glenn Hoddle Academy had linked up with English Conference North side Hyde . The Academy had previously enjoyed a link with the Spanish fourth-tier side Jerez Industrial , providing their entire squad and coaches , but fell out in a dispute over cash . Management offers . Hoddle said in December 2013 that he been offered a chance to return to management no less than 26 times in seven years , but commented that he would not return to management until his academy was able to run itself . In April 2014 he said he had come close to taking over from André Villas-Boas at Tottenham , before the job was given to Tim Sherwood . I did have talks with Daniel Levy and the club , Hoddle said . He wanted a little bit of advice and a bit of a sounding board for himself . [ I said ] I am there for you if you want me to take it to the end of the season and then we will have a little look at it then , I would be prepared to do that . I wouldnt do it for any other club for that short period of time . It was just that it is in my DNA . I have loved my time at other clubs , I really have , but being a Spurs supporter since I was eight , going there very young , it is in my blood . In August 2014 , Hoddle was appointed first team coach at Queens Park Rangers under Harry Redknapp . However , on 3 February 2015 , Redknapp resigned , following which Hoddle also left the club . In June 2016 , after Englands 2–1 loss to Iceland at Euro 2016 and manager Roy Hodgsons subsequent resignation , Harry Redknapp and Alan Shearer both put forward Hoddle as a candidate for the job before Sam Allardyce was appointed . Media career . Hoddle has done punditry work since his retirement from coaching . He has worked for ESPN , ITV Sport and BT Sport . Hoddle began working with ESPN during Euro 2012 as a pundit . Since then , he has worked with ITV for the 2014 FIFA World Cup , Euro 2016 and the 2018 World Cup . He also does punditry and co-commentary for BT Sport on their telecasts of the Premier League , FA Cup , Champions League and Europa League . Singing career . In May 1987 , Hoddle released the pop single Diamond Lights , which reached number 12 in the UK Singles Chart . It was a duet with his Spurs and England teammate Chris Waddle . The pairs follow up single Its Goodbye only managed to reach 92 in the British charts . In 2021 , Hoddle appeared as a contestant on the second series of the British version of The Masked Singer , masked as the Grandfather Clock . He finished in 9th place . Personal life . In 1986 , while on holiday in Israel , Hoddle said that he had an experience which led him to become a born-again Christian . Hoddle has been married twice , firstly to Christine Ann Stirling ( 1979–1998 ) and subsequently to Vanessa Colburn ( 2000–2015 ) . He has three children with his first wife ( Zara , Jamie and Zoe ) . In 1996 , his younger brother , former footballer Carl Hoddle , overdosed on paracetamol , but recovered . In March 2008 , Carl Hoddle died at the age of 40 after collapsing suddenly from a brain aneurysm . Glenn Hoddle was reportedly devastated by the death of his brother . On 27 October 2018 , his 61st birthday , Hoddle suffered a cardiac arrest in a London TV studio and was taken to hospital for emergency heart surgery . The Guardian reported that he had been close to death and was saved by the actions of an employee at BT Sport , Simon Daniels , who knew how to use a defibrillator . On 23 November 2018 , Hoddle left St Bartholomews Hospital to recuperate at home after his hospital treatment . In March 2021 , Hoddle said he was devastated when he heard the news that Glenn Roeder had died aged 65 , describing him as a lovely guy and a really good coach . Roeder worked as a coach under Hoddle during his time as England manager . Honours . Source : Player . Tottenham Hotspur - FA Cup : 1980–81 , 1981–82 - FA Charity Shield : 1981 ( shared ) - UEFA Cup : 1983–84 AS Monaco - Division 1 : 1987–88 Individual - PFA Young Player of the Year : 1979–80 - PFA Second Division Team of the Year : 1977–78 - PFA First Division Team of the Year : 1979–80 , 1981–82 , 1983–84 , 1985–86 , 1986–87 - PFA Team of the Century ( 1977–1996 ) : 2007 - Division 1 Foreign Player of the Year : 1987–88 - English Football Hall of Fame Inductee : 2007 Player Manager . Swindon Town - Football League First Division play-offs : 1993 Chelsea - FA Cup runner-up : 1993–94 Manager . Tottenham Hotspur - Football League Cup runner-up : 2001–02 Individual - Premier League Manager of the Month : October 2001 , August 2002 External links . - Hoddle quotes - Hoddles football academy - Glenn Hoddle Collection at the National Football Collection - Stats at neilbrown.com - The Telegraph Glenn Hoddle Factfile .
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Glenn Hoddle played for which team from 1993 to 1995?
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Glenn Hoddle Glenn Hoddle ( born 27 October 1957 ) is an English former football player and manager . He currently works as a television pundit and commentator for ITV Sport and BT Sport . He played as a midfielder for Tottenham Hotspur , Monaco , Chelsea and Swindon Town and at international level for England . In 2007 , he was inducted into the National Football Museum Hall of Fame , which cited him as one of the most gifted and creative English footballers of his generation , exhibiting sublime balance and close control , unrivalled passing and vision and extraordinary shooting ability , both from open play and set pieces . He was also known for his tactical intelligence and work-rate . He has been manager of Swindon Town ( earning promotion to the Premier League ) , Chelsea ( taking them to the FA Cup final ) , Southampton , Tottenham Hotspur ( reaching a League Cup final ) and Wolverhampton Wanderers . He managed England to the second round of the 1998 FIFA World Cup , where they lost to Argentina on penalties . He was dismissed from the England job in 1999 for a newspaper interview in which he was widely interpreted as saying that disabled people are affected by karma from past lives . He said that his words were misconstrued , misunderstood and misinterpreted and that disabled people had his overwhelming support , care , consideration and dedication . Early life . Hoddle was born on 27 October 1957 in Hayes , Middlesex to Derek Hoddle and Teresa Roberts . Soon after , the family moved to Harlow , Essex . He attended Burnt Mill School in Harlow . He has been supporting Tottenham Hotspur since he was eight , and his favourite player was Martin Chivers . He first came to the attention of Spurs when Chivers and Ray Evans went to present prizes at a local school cup final and noticed the potential of the 11-year-old schoolboy , and on Chivers recommendation he was invited to train with the club at Tottenhams practice ground in Cheshunt . At the age of 15 , Hoddle played for Harlow-based Sunday league club Longmans alongside his father . Hoddles uncle , Dave , was part of the Stansted team that won the 1984 FA Vase . Playing career . Tottenham Hotspur . Hoddle joined the club as a junior when he was 12 , and signed for the club as an apprentice on 17 April 1974 . He successfully overcame knee problems in his early teens and collected eight England Youth caps , the first of these on 18 March 1975 against Spain . He made his Spurs first-team debut as a 17-year-old substitute for Cyril Knowles against Norwich City on 30 August 1975 , a game that ended 2–2 . Hoddle was forced to wait until 21 February 1976 to start a First Division match and immediately announced his arrival with the winning goal , a spectacular strike past Stoke City and England goalkeeper Peter Shilton . He flourished under the management of Keith Burkinshaw and despite the clubs relegation to the Second Division in 1976–77 after 27 seasons of First Division football , a Hoddle-inspired Spurs side won promotion to the top flight at the first attempt . As Tottenhams transitional phase continued , Hoddles international career began on 15 December 1976 in an Under-21 friendly fixture against Wales . He would collect another eleven caps at that level , and play twice for the England B team prior to scoring on his full international debut against Bulgaria on 22 November 1979 . The 1979–80 campaign heralded the emergence of Hoddle as a top-class player ; the 22-year-old midfielder scored 19 goals in 41 league appearances and was awarded the PFA Young Player of the Year award at the end of the season . In 1981 , he starred as Spurs won the FA Cup for the sixth time , defeating Manchester City after a replay . In the following season Tottenham retained the FA Cup ( Hoddle scored in both the Final and Final replay ) against Queens Park Rangers and finished the League campaign in fourth place , the clubs best league position since 1971 . Hoddle performed as the midfield fulcrum in many of these successes and also contributed magnificently as the team reached the final of the League Cup , losing 3–1 to Liverpool , and the semi-final stage of the European Cup Winners Cup . During the summer of 1982 , Hoddle played in two of Englands matches in the opening group phase of the FIFA World Cup , starting against Kuwait after a substitute appearance in a 2–0 victory over Czechoslovakia . Hoddles involvement in the following three seasons was limited by a number of niggling injury problems ( he started only 76 of a possible 126 league matches ) but nevertheless , Hoddle proved to be the architect behind the teams 1984 UEFA Cup triumph despite missing the Final due to fitness concerns . In October 1983 , he helped Spurs win 6–2 on aggregate against a Feyenoord Rotterdam side containing Johan Cruyff . Cruyff was dismissive of Hoddle before their first match , but after Hoddles performance , Cruyff swapped shirts with Hoddle as a sign of respect . Spurs came close to further honours in the next three seasons , reaching third place in the First Division and the quarter-finals of the UEFA Cup in 1984–85 and another FA Cup Final in 1987 , losing 3–2 to Coventry City , the only time the North London club has experienced defeat in the final of the famous knock-out competition . The unexpected loss to the Midlands side was Hoddles last match for Spurs as newly appointed AS Monaco manager Arsène Wenger brought him to the principality for a fee of £750,000 . Between 1975 and 1987 , the gifted playmaker scored 110 goals in 490 first-team matches in all competitions , only four players ( Steve Perryman , Pat Jennings , Gary Mabbutt and Cyril Knowles ) have made more appearances in a Spurs shirt . At international level , Hoddle won 44 caps for England during his Tottenham career . AS Monaco . Hoddle announced in 1987 that he would be leaving Tottenham Hotspur at the end of the season to pursue a career overseas where his style of play would be appreciated by continental managers and supporters , and to play European level football with English clubs banned after the Heysel disaster . He joined AS Monaco alongside George Weah and fellow Englishman Mark Hateley and immediately inspired the club to the 1988 Ligue 1 championship , its first league title in six seasons . Hoddle was voted the Best Foreign Player in French football and helped to guide the team to the quarter-finals of the European Cup in the 1988–89 campaign . Arsène Wenger , later the manager of Arsenal , was the coach who brought him to Monaco . However , a severe knee injury curtailed Hoddles career at the highest level and in November 1990 , the 33-year-old left the club by mutual consent , having helped to improve the standing of English footballers in foreign countries . During his three and a half-year spell in France , Hoddle won a further nine England caps , making his international farewell against the Soviet Union in June 1988 . He returned to England and signed for Chelsea on a non-contract basis to regain his fitness , leaving Stamford Bridge in March 1991 without playing a senior match to become player-manager of Swindon Town in the Second Division . England international career . Hoddle made his debut alongside Kevin Reeves in Englands Euro 80 qualifying tie against Bulgaria on 22 November 1979 , scoring in a 2–0 win at Wembley . He scored in his third appearance against Australia on 31 May 1980 in a friendly in Sydney . His third goal came in his fifth appearance on 25 March 1981 in a game against Spain at Wembley , which England lost 2–1 . He reached the 10-cap point of his career on 27 April 1982 in the British Home Championship clash with Wales in Cardiff , which England won 1–0 . By this stage of his international career he had scored four goals . He was included in the 1982 and 1986 FIFA World Cup squads , and England reached the quarter-finals against Argentina in the latter . Hoddle also featured prominently in the European Championship squads of 1980 and 1988 , making his 53rd and final international appearance in the final group game of Euro 88 , in a 3–1 defeat to the Soviet Union in West Germany . He had scored eight goals for the England senior side in a career stretching nine years , the last of his international goals coming on 23 April 1986 in a 2–1 friendly win over Scotland at Wembley . Managerial career . Swindon Town . When Hoddle arrived at Swindon in March 1991 , the club was struggling in the aftermath of a financial scandal which had seen them stripped of promotion to the First Division at the end of the previous season , a controversy which had negatively impacted the teams league form as they had been forced to sell several key players including midfielder Alan McLoughlin . Hoddle prevented Swindon from slipping into the Third Division and further improvement throughout the 1991–92 season saw the Wiltshire club finish in eighth place , just missing out on a play-off place . They had briefly led the table in October . Swindon reached the playoffs of the rebranded Division One in 1993 and beat Leicester City 4–3 at Wembley , and were then promoted to the Premier League . Hoddle scored Swindons first goal of the final . By the time he guided Swindon to promotion , Hoddle was already been linked with managerial vacancies at bigger clubs . Just days after guiding Swindon to promotion , he accepted the offer to manage Chelsea and was succeeded at Swindon by his assistant John Gorman , who had been widely expected to follow him to Stamford Bridge . Chelsea . In June 1993 , Hoddle became player-manager of Chelsea . His assistant at Chelsea was the former Tottenham manager Peter Shreeves , and they reached the FA Cup final in Hoddles first season , where they lost 4–0 to Manchester United . But United had done the double , and consolation for their failure to win the trophy came in the form of a European Cup Winners Cup place - Chelseas first European campaign for more than 20 years . Chelsea finished 14th in the league that season , memorably managing to inflict two of just four league defeats on the double winners that season , winning 1–0 at Stamford Bridge in September and 1–0 at Old Trafford in March , with Gavin Peacock scoring both times . Chelsea reached the semi-finals of the European Cup Winners competition in 1994–95 and lost by a single goal to Real Zaragoza , who went on to beat Arsenal in the final . Hoddle guided Chelsea to the FA Cup Semi-finals in 1995–96 , but was unable to take them beyond 11th place in the Premiership – they had occupied this final position three times in four years . He did establish them as a force in cup competitions and made them capable of attracting top-class players – such as Ruud Gullit – to the club . Other notable signings were Mark Hughes , Dan Petrescu , Gavin Peacock , David Rocastle and Mark Stein . England . Hoddles three-year reign at Chelsea came to an end in the summer of 1996 , after he had accepted the offer to manage the England national football team in place of Terry Venables after Englands Euro 96 campaign , where they finished as semi-finalists as the host nation . He guided England to qualification for the 1998 World Cup , securing the teams automatic qualification with a 0–0 draw in Rome against Italy . He later caused controversy by omitting Paul Gascoigne from the squad and installing supposed faith healer Eileen Drewery as part of the England coaching staff , which led to the team being dubbed The Hod Squad . They reached the second round of the 1998 tournament , losing on penalties to Argentina . Hoddle came under criticism after a disappointing start to the Euro 2000 qualifying campaign , leading to speculation that he would be sacked - particularly if England failed to qualify . However , Hoddles 60% win rate during his spell as manager is only bettered by Sir Alf Ramsey , Fabio Capello and Sam Allardyce . Dismissal from England job . On 30 January 1999 , with the England team preparing for Euro 2000 , and amidst the fall-out from the previous seasons World Cup , Hoddle gave an interview to Matt Dickinson of The Times newspaper in an attempt to defend himself against his critics ( over issues such as Eileen Drewery and his ideology . ) and show a strong front for the remainder of the qualifiers . Dickinsons interview reported that Hoddle had a controversial belief that the disabled , and others , are being punished for sins in a former life . Hoddles comments were criticised by several politicians including Sports Minister Tony Banks and Prime Minister Tony Blair . Public opinion , based upon the immediate media furore resulted in ( according to one BBC poll ) 90% of respondents believing Hoddle should not continue as England manager . The BBC survey showed that many considered his comments insensitive to disabled people , but others defended his right to express his religious beliefs by claiming that to sack him would constitute religious discrimination . Hoddle said that he was unwilling to resign . He stated his words were misinterpreted and pointed out his contributions and commitment to organisations helping disabled people . The Football Association terminated Hoddles contract on 2 February 1999 , which was welcomed by representatives of disabled groups . The disabled rights campaigner Lord Ashley however , while criticising Hoddles views , defended his right to express them , likening the campaign against Hoddle to a witchhunt and considered Hoddles dismissal a sad day for British tolerance and freedom of speech Some writers considered the remarks were used as a pretext to get rid of him . Hoddle apologised for the offence that had been caused , stating it had never been his intention and continued to fundraise for disabled groups after being dismissed . Southampton . Hoddle was back in football within a year as Southampton manager , succeeding Dave Jones , who had been suspended to concentrate on clearing his name in connection with child abuse charges . Although these allegations were later found to be false , Jones was not reinstated and Hoddle continued as Southamptons manager , having arrived on the South Coast in January 2000 . Hoddle kept the Saints in the Premier League with a 15th-place finish , but left in March 2001 to return to Tottenham as manager . Southampton were on course for a 10th-place finish – their highest since 1995 – when Hoddle left . Tottenham Hotspur . Hoddle was appointed manager of Tottenham in March 2001 with John Gorman as his assistant , following the sacking of George Graham . His first match in charge was the FA Cup semi-final against north London rivals Arsenal which Spurs lost 2–1 . The following year , Tottenham reached the League Cup final in February 2002 ; after winning 5–1 against Hoddles former club Chelsea in the semi-final second leg , Spurs were the favourites but they lost 2–1 to Blackburn Rovers . The clubs promising early season form ( which saw Hoddle voted Premier League Manager of the Month for October 2001 ) dwindled away and they finished ninth in the Premiership . Spurs began the 2002–03 season in fine form and Hoddle was named Premiership Manager of the Month for August 2002 after they ended the month top of the league . They finished in a disappointing 10th place at the end of the season . The pressure began to build up on Hoddle and he was sacked in September 2003 after a slow start to the season , in which the team picked up just four points from their opening six league games . His final game in charge was a 3–1 loss to his former side Southampton . Wolverhampton Wanderers . Hoddle was linked with a return to Southampton in March 2004 , but opposition from supporters meant chairman Rupert Lowe pursued alternative targets and ultimately selected Paul Sturrock instead . Instead he returned to management on 7 December 2004 with Wolverhampton Wanderers , again succeeding Dave Jones . Wolves lost only one of their remaining 25 games but failed to reach the play-offs because 15 of those games had been draws . In the 2005–06 season , drawing too many games again cost Wolves a top-six finish , with the club drawing 19 of their 46 league games . Wolves finished seventh , eight points off the playoffs . Wolves fans turned against Hoddle and there were chants against him during the last home game of the season against Watford . The board kept faith with Hoddle , but he stepped down on 1 July 2006 , stating differing expectations between himself and the club as the reason for his departure . In his time with Wolverhampton Wanderers , the club drew 34 league games in his 76 games in charge , spanning over two seasons . Football academy . By January 2008 , Hoddle was attempting to raise the capital to form the Glenn Hoddle Academy based in Spain . The aim of the academy is to give another chance to young players released by football clubs in England to become professional players . Ikechi Anya was his first player at the academy to get a professional contract at a club , with Sevilla Atlético in Spain . In June 2011 , it was announced that The Glenn Hoddle Academy had linked up with English Conference North side Hyde . The Academy had previously enjoyed a link with the Spanish fourth-tier side Jerez Industrial , providing their entire squad and coaches , but fell out in a dispute over cash . Management offers . Hoddle said in December 2013 that he been offered a chance to return to management no less than 26 times in seven years , but commented that he would not return to management until his academy was able to run itself . In April 2014 he said he had come close to taking over from André Villas-Boas at Tottenham , before the job was given to Tim Sherwood . I did have talks with Daniel Levy and the club , Hoddle said . He wanted a little bit of advice and a bit of a sounding board for himself . [ I said ] I am there for you if you want me to take it to the end of the season and then we will have a little look at it then , I would be prepared to do that . I wouldnt do it for any other club for that short period of time . It was just that it is in my DNA . I have loved my time at other clubs , I really have , but being a Spurs supporter since I was eight , going there very young , it is in my blood . In August 2014 , Hoddle was appointed first team coach at Queens Park Rangers under Harry Redknapp . However , on 3 February 2015 , Redknapp resigned , following which Hoddle also left the club . In June 2016 , after Englands 2–1 loss to Iceland at Euro 2016 and manager Roy Hodgsons subsequent resignation , Harry Redknapp and Alan Shearer both put forward Hoddle as a candidate for the job before Sam Allardyce was appointed . Media career . Hoddle has done punditry work since his retirement from coaching . He has worked for ESPN , ITV Sport and BT Sport . Hoddle began working with ESPN during Euro 2012 as a pundit . Since then , he has worked with ITV for the 2014 FIFA World Cup , Euro 2016 and the 2018 World Cup . He also does punditry and co-commentary for BT Sport on their telecasts of the Premier League , FA Cup , Champions League and Europa League . Singing career . In May 1987 , Hoddle released the pop single Diamond Lights , which reached number 12 in the UK Singles Chart . It was a duet with his Spurs and England teammate Chris Waddle . The pairs follow up single Its Goodbye only managed to reach 92 in the British charts . In 2021 , Hoddle appeared as a contestant on the second series of the British version of The Masked Singer , masked as the Grandfather Clock . He finished in 9th place . Personal life . In 1986 , while on holiday in Israel , Hoddle said that he had an experience which led him to become a born-again Christian . Hoddle has been married twice , firstly to Christine Ann Stirling ( 1979–1998 ) and subsequently to Vanessa Colburn ( 2000–2015 ) . He has three children with his first wife ( Zara , Jamie and Zoe ) . In 1996 , his younger brother , former footballer Carl Hoddle , overdosed on paracetamol , but recovered . In March 2008 , Carl Hoddle died at the age of 40 after collapsing suddenly from a brain aneurysm . Glenn Hoddle was reportedly devastated by the death of his brother . On 27 October 2018 , his 61st birthday , Hoddle suffered a cardiac arrest in a London TV studio and was taken to hospital for emergency heart surgery . The Guardian reported that he had been close to death and was saved by the actions of an employee at BT Sport , Simon Daniels , who knew how to use a defibrillator . On 23 November 2018 , Hoddle left St Bartholomews Hospital to recuperate at home after his hospital treatment . In March 2021 , Hoddle said he was devastated when he heard the news that Glenn Roeder had died aged 65 , describing him as a lovely guy and a really good coach . Roeder worked as a coach under Hoddle during his time as England manager . Honours . Source : Player . Tottenham Hotspur - FA Cup : 1980–81 , 1981–82 - FA Charity Shield : 1981 ( shared ) - UEFA Cup : 1983–84 AS Monaco - Division 1 : 1987–88 Individual - PFA Young Player of the Year : 1979–80 - PFA Second Division Team of the Year : 1977–78 - PFA First Division Team of the Year : 1979–80 , 1981–82 , 1983–84 , 1985–86 , 1986–87 - PFA Team of the Century ( 1977–1996 ) : 2007 - Division 1 Foreign Player of the Year : 1987–88 - English Football Hall of Fame Inductee : 2007 Player Manager . Swindon Town - Football League First Division play-offs : 1993 Chelsea - FA Cup runner-up : 1993–94 Manager . Tottenham Hotspur - Football League Cup runner-up : 2001–02 Individual - Premier League Manager of the Month : October 2001 , August 2002 External links . - Hoddle quotes - Hoddles football academy - Glenn Hoddle Collection at the National Football Collection - Stats at neilbrown.com - The Telegraph Glenn Hoddle Factfile .
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Which title was conferred to Ray Robson in 2010?
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Ray Robson Ray Robson ( born October 25 , 1994 ) is an American chess player . He was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 2010 . Robson fulfilled the requirements for the title in 2009 at the age of 14 years , 11 months and 16 days . Early life . Robson was born in Guam to Gary Robson , a professor at the college of education ( applied linguistics ) at St . Petersburg College , and Yee-chen , a kindergarten teacher at Country Day School . They later moved to Largo , Florida and then Clearwater , Florida . As an only child , he learned chess from his father at age three . He attended public school for kindergarten , then a public school for the gifted in first grade , then from grades 2-5 he was at a private Montessori school . He started homeschooling in grade 6 . Robson said as a child that he wanted to become a professional chess player , and his parents hoped for him to gain a chess scholarship to college . In April 2005 , at the Super Nationals ( the worlds largest scholastic chess tournament ) in Nashville , Tennessee , he won every match he played and emerged as the national champion in the elementary age ( K-6 ) division . By winning this title , he earned a four-year scholarship covering full tuition and fees , along with a housing stipend , to the University of Texas at Dallas . The scholarship has a cash value of about $48,000 to non-Texas residents . The only stipulation is that the winner must meet the universitys entrance requirements at matriculation . In 2009 Robson was the recipient of the Samford Fellowship . In early 2012 , Robson decided to attend Webster University instead of UT Dallas . In August 2012 , Robson started his full-time study at Webster University in St . Louis under the SPICE Program , founded by former Womens World Champion Susan Polgar . Chess career . Robson has won seven national scholastic titles ( including regulation events and blitz events ) . In addition , he has represented the United States in international scholastic events since 2004 . Robson finished in the top ten at each of the World Youth Chess Championships from 2004 to 2007 , and he tied for first place in the U12 section of the Pan American Youth Chess Festival in 2005 and 2006 , taking the silver medal on tiebreak on both occasions . Robson also plays in many of the major open tournaments in the United States . He finished in the top ten both at the 2006 National Chess Congress in Philadelphia and at the 2006 North American Open in Las Vegas . Robsons performance at the former event qualified him for the 2007 U.S . Chess Championship , making him the youngest player in the history of the event . In 2004 , at the age of nine , Robson defeated his first National Master in tournament play . In 2005 , he defeated his first international master ( IM ) , and in 2006 he defeated his first grandmaster ( GM ) . He studied with GM Gregory Kaidanov for almost two years ( 2005–07 ) , mainly via the phone and Internet . He has also studied with GM Alexander Onischuk . Robson was awarded the title of FIDE Master ( FM ) in June 2005 after tying for first place at the Pan American Youth Festival in Brazil . He earned the USCF title of National Master ( NM ) in January 2006 by raising his Elo rating above 2300 ( the minimum required for the title ) . Robson earned the three norms required for the IM title in only six weeks : the first at the 6th North American FIDE Invitational on November 3 , 2007 , in Chicago , Illinois ; the second on November 27 at the World Youth Championships in Antalya , Turkey , and the third and final norm on December 10 at the University of Texas at Dallas ( UTD ) GM Invitational in Dallas , Texas , making him the youngest IM-elect in the United States , beating the previous record-holder Hikaru Nakamura by one month . Robson tied for first place in the 2008 Florida championship . On July 16 , 2009 , he won the U.S . Junior Chess Championship . In August 2009 , Robson tied for first at the Arctic Chess Challenge in Tromsø , Norway , garnering his first GM norm in the process . Later that same month , Robson then went on to earn his second GM norm by winning the 23rd North American FIDE Invitational in Skokie , Illinois . He earned his third and final GM norm in October 2009 by winning the Pan American Junior Chess Championship in Montevideo , Uruguay . He was formally awarded the title by FIDE in January 2010 . Robson played in his first FIDE World Cup in November 2009 in Russia . He competed again in this event two year later and was eliminated in the first round by Étienne Bacrot . Robson won the 2012 Webster University - SPICE Cup Open in St . Louis with an undefeated score of 7-2 . In 2014 , he finished second in Millionaire Chess in Las Vegas , losing to Wesley So in the final round . In April 2015 , Robson finished second in the 2015 U.S . Championship , held for the seventh consecutive year at the Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis . He won five games , drew five , and lost one , scoring 7½/11 points . External links . - Ray Robson chess games at 365Chess.com - Ray Robson team chess record at Olimbase.org - Ray Robson USCF profile - Play Like Ray! . Chess Life Online . USCF . December 10 , 2007 . - 2006 Spring Scholastic Championships , Part One . ChessCafe.com - Career highlights at 2009 US championship website - Interview at the 2009 World Cup website
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Which title was conferred to Ray Robson in 2008?
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/wiki/Ray_Robson#P2962#1
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Ray Robson Ray Robson ( born October 25 , 1994 ) is an American chess player . He was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 2010 . Robson fulfilled the requirements for the title in 2009 at the age of 14 years , 11 months and 16 days . Early life . Robson was born in Guam to Gary Robson , a professor at the college of education ( applied linguistics ) at St . Petersburg College , and Yee-chen , a kindergarten teacher at Country Day School . They later moved to Largo , Florida and then Clearwater , Florida . As an only child , he learned chess from his father at age three . He attended public school for kindergarten , then a public school for the gifted in first grade , then from grades 2-5 he was at a private Montessori school . He started homeschooling in grade 6 . Robson said as a child that he wanted to become a professional chess player , and his parents hoped for him to gain a chess scholarship to college . In April 2005 , at the Super Nationals ( the worlds largest scholastic chess tournament ) in Nashville , Tennessee , he won every match he played and emerged as the national champion in the elementary age ( K-6 ) division . By winning this title , he earned a four-year scholarship covering full tuition and fees , along with a housing stipend , to the University of Texas at Dallas . The scholarship has a cash value of about $48,000 to non-Texas residents . The only stipulation is that the winner must meet the universitys entrance requirements at matriculation . In 2009 Robson was the recipient of the Samford Fellowship . In early 2012 , Robson decided to attend Webster University instead of UT Dallas . In August 2012 , Robson started his full-time study at Webster University in St . Louis under the SPICE Program , founded by former Womens World Champion Susan Polgar . Chess career . Robson has won seven national scholastic titles ( including regulation events and blitz events ) . In addition , he has represented the United States in international scholastic events since 2004 . Robson finished in the top ten at each of the World Youth Chess Championships from 2004 to 2007 , and he tied for first place in the U12 section of the Pan American Youth Chess Festival in 2005 and 2006 , taking the silver medal on tiebreak on both occasions . Robson also plays in many of the major open tournaments in the United States . He finished in the top ten both at the 2006 National Chess Congress in Philadelphia and at the 2006 North American Open in Las Vegas . Robsons performance at the former event qualified him for the 2007 U.S . Chess Championship , making him the youngest player in the history of the event . In 2004 , at the age of nine , Robson defeated his first National Master in tournament play . In 2005 , he defeated his first international master ( IM ) , and in 2006 he defeated his first grandmaster ( GM ) . He studied with GM Gregory Kaidanov for almost two years ( 2005–07 ) , mainly via the phone and Internet . He has also studied with GM Alexander Onischuk . Robson was awarded the title of FIDE Master ( FM ) in June 2005 after tying for first place at the Pan American Youth Festival in Brazil . He earned the USCF title of National Master ( NM ) in January 2006 by raising his Elo rating above 2300 ( the minimum required for the title ) . Robson earned the three norms required for the IM title in only six weeks : the first at the 6th North American FIDE Invitational on November 3 , 2007 , in Chicago , Illinois ; the second on November 27 at the World Youth Championships in Antalya , Turkey , and the third and final norm on December 10 at the University of Texas at Dallas ( UTD ) GM Invitational in Dallas , Texas , making him the youngest IM-elect in the United States , beating the previous record-holder Hikaru Nakamura by one month . Robson tied for first place in the 2008 Florida championship . On July 16 , 2009 , he won the U.S . Junior Chess Championship . In August 2009 , Robson tied for first at the Arctic Chess Challenge in Tromsø , Norway , garnering his first GM norm in the process . Later that same month , Robson then went on to earn his second GM norm by winning the 23rd North American FIDE Invitational in Skokie , Illinois . He earned his third and final GM norm in October 2009 by winning the Pan American Junior Chess Championship in Montevideo , Uruguay . He was formally awarded the title by FIDE in January 2010 . Robson played in his first FIDE World Cup in November 2009 in Russia . He competed again in this event two year later and was eliminated in the first round by Étienne Bacrot . Robson won the 2012 Webster University - SPICE Cup Open in St . Louis with an undefeated score of 7-2 . In 2014 , he finished second in Millionaire Chess in Las Vegas , losing to Wesley So in the final round . In April 2015 , Robson finished second in the 2015 U.S . Championship , held for the seventh consecutive year at the Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis . He won five games , drew five , and lost one , scoring 7½/11 points . External links . - Ray Robson chess games at 365Chess.com - Ray Robson team chess record at Olimbase.org - Ray Robson USCF profile - Play Like Ray! . Chess Life Online . USCF . December 10 , 2007 . - 2006 Spring Scholastic Championships , Part One . ChessCafe.com - Career highlights at 2009 US championship website - Interview at the 2009 World Cup website
|
[
"international master"
] |
easy
|
Which title was conferred to Ray Robson in 2005?
|
/wiki/Ray_Robson#P2962#2
|
Ray Robson Ray Robson ( born October 25 , 1994 ) is an American chess player . He was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 2010 . Robson fulfilled the requirements for the title in 2009 at the age of 14 years , 11 months and 16 days . Early life . Robson was born in Guam to Gary Robson , a professor at the college of education ( applied linguistics ) at St . Petersburg College , and Yee-chen , a kindergarten teacher at Country Day School . They later moved to Largo , Florida and then Clearwater , Florida . As an only child , he learned chess from his father at age three . He attended public school for kindergarten , then a public school for the gifted in first grade , then from grades 2-5 he was at a private Montessori school . He started homeschooling in grade 6 . Robson said as a child that he wanted to become a professional chess player , and his parents hoped for him to gain a chess scholarship to college . In April 2005 , at the Super Nationals ( the worlds largest scholastic chess tournament ) in Nashville , Tennessee , he won every match he played and emerged as the national champion in the elementary age ( K-6 ) division . By winning this title , he earned a four-year scholarship covering full tuition and fees , along with a housing stipend , to the University of Texas at Dallas . The scholarship has a cash value of about $48,000 to non-Texas residents . The only stipulation is that the winner must meet the universitys entrance requirements at matriculation . In 2009 Robson was the recipient of the Samford Fellowship . In early 2012 , Robson decided to attend Webster University instead of UT Dallas . In August 2012 , Robson started his full-time study at Webster University in St . Louis under the SPICE Program , founded by former Womens World Champion Susan Polgar . Chess career . Robson has won seven national scholastic titles ( including regulation events and blitz events ) . In addition , he has represented the United States in international scholastic events since 2004 . Robson finished in the top ten at each of the World Youth Chess Championships from 2004 to 2007 , and he tied for first place in the U12 section of the Pan American Youth Chess Festival in 2005 and 2006 , taking the silver medal on tiebreak on both occasions . Robson also plays in many of the major open tournaments in the United States . He finished in the top ten both at the 2006 National Chess Congress in Philadelphia and at the 2006 North American Open in Las Vegas . Robsons performance at the former event qualified him for the 2007 U.S . Chess Championship , making him the youngest player in the history of the event . In 2004 , at the age of nine , Robson defeated his first National Master in tournament play . In 2005 , he defeated his first international master ( IM ) , and in 2006 he defeated his first grandmaster ( GM ) . He studied with GM Gregory Kaidanov for almost two years ( 2005–07 ) , mainly via the phone and Internet . He has also studied with GM Alexander Onischuk . Robson was awarded the title of FIDE Master ( FM ) in June 2005 after tying for first place at the Pan American Youth Festival in Brazil . He earned the USCF title of National Master ( NM ) in January 2006 by raising his Elo rating above 2300 ( the minimum required for the title ) . Robson earned the three norms required for the IM title in only six weeks : the first at the 6th North American FIDE Invitational on November 3 , 2007 , in Chicago , Illinois ; the second on November 27 at the World Youth Championships in Antalya , Turkey , and the third and final norm on December 10 at the University of Texas at Dallas ( UTD ) GM Invitational in Dallas , Texas , making him the youngest IM-elect in the United States , beating the previous record-holder Hikaru Nakamura by one month . Robson tied for first place in the 2008 Florida championship . On July 16 , 2009 , he won the U.S . Junior Chess Championship . In August 2009 , Robson tied for first at the Arctic Chess Challenge in Tromsø , Norway , garnering his first GM norm in the process . Later that same month , Robson then went on to earn his second GM norm by winning the 23rd North American FIDE Invitational in Skokie , Illinois . He earned his third and final GM norm in October 2009 by winning the Pan American Junior Chess Championship in Montevideo , Uruguay . He was formally awarded the title by FIDE in January 2010 . Robson played in his first FIDE World Cup in November 2009 in Russia . He competed again in this event two year later and was eliminated in the first round by Étienne Bacrot . Robson won the 2012 Webster University - SPICE Cup Open in St . Louis with an undefeated score of 7-2 . In 2014 , he finished second in Millionaire Chess in Las Vegas , losing to Wesley So in the final round . In April 2015 , Robson finished second in the 2015 U.S . Championship , held for the seventh consecutive year at the Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis . He won five games , drew five , and lost one , scoring 7½/11 points . External links . - Ray Robson chess games at 365Chess.com - Ray Robson team chess record at Olimbase.org - Ray Robson USCF profile - Play Like Ray! . Chess Life Online . USCF . December 10 , 2007 . - 2006 Spring Scholastic Championships , Part One . ChessCafe.com - Career highlights at 2009 US championship website - Interview at the 2009 World Cup website
|
[
"Felix Daelen"
] |
easy
|
Who was Katharina von Oheimb 's spouse from 1898 to 1905?
|
/wiki/Katharina_von_Oheimb#P26#0
|
Katharina von Oheimb Katharina Kathinka von Oheimb , née van Endert ( January 2 , 1879 in Neuss – March 22 , 1962 in Düsseldorf ) was a German politician , publisher , and salonnière . Political career . From 1920 to 1924 Katharina von Oheimb was one of the 36 women amongst the 466 representatives of the 1 . Reichstag of the Weimar Republic . Despite being a member of the national liberal German Peoples Party she tended toward socialist beliefs . Until 1931 , she was entitled as the secretary of the Pro Palestine Committee . During the Weimar Republic , she hosted one of the most significant political salons in Berlin . Bankers and industrialists , ministers , military personnel , and artists socialized at her house at Kurfürstendamm ( 1919-1926 ) and later in her new apartment at Matthäikirchstreet 32 . Her social and political engagement comprised a variety of activities and appointments , for instance her board membership of the East Prussia Relief . She took custodianship of illegitimate children and supported orphans . She was a friend of campaigner for womens rights Minna von Caurer , with whom she founded the Bund for Mutterschutz ( League for Maternity Protection ) together with sex educator Helene Stöcker . In 1922 , she started educational courses for women hoping to prepare them for their rather new suffrage and opportunities to run for political office . Amongst the invited speakers were Gustav Stresemann and Clara Mende . As a result of her visibility in society and her turbulent private life , journalist and author Kurt Tucholsky addressed her in his derogative toned poem An Frau von Oheimb in 1930 . Personal life . Katharina von Oheimb was the daughter of the furniture and silk goods manufacturer Rudolf van Endert . After his death in 1881 , her mother Elisabeth continued the proceedings . Katharinas brothers–Josef and Rudolf–later entered the business . Katharina von Oheimb was married four times . At age 19 , she married the industrialist Felix Daelen who founded the Glyco-Metallwerke . They had three children together , however , the fourth child Paul-Felix , born in the time of their marriage , was fathered by her second husband . Nevertheless , Paul-Felix later became director of Glyco factory . She and her husband divorced in 1905 , after Katharina had left the family . Her second husband , Ernst Albert , was the son of industrialist Heinrich Albert . Their daughter Elisabeths second husband was conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler making Katharina von Oheimb the grandmother of actress Kathrin Ackermann and great-grandmother of actress Maria Furtwängler . Albert died in 1911 , after a mountaineering accident in Tyrol . Katharina continued the business of his ceramic factory and married Alberts best friend , and owner of a manor , Hans Joachim von Oheimb . They divorced in 1921 . In 1927 , she married her former parliamentary colleague Siegfried von Kardoff , who ran for second vice president of the Reichstag . External links . - Katharina von Oheimb in Database of Members of the German Parliament - Katharina von Oheimb in Database of German Biographies
|
[
"Ernst Albert"
] |
easy
|
Who was Katharina von Oheimb 's spouse from 1907 to 1911?
|
/wiki/Katharina_von_Oheimb#P26#1
|
Katharina von Oheimb Katharina Kathinka von Oheimb , née van Endert ( January 2 , 1879 in Neuss – March 22 , 1962 in Düsseldorf ) was a German politician , publisher , and salonnière . Political career . From 1920 to 1924 Katharina von Oheimb was one of the 36 women amongst the 466 representatives of the 1 . Reichstag of the Weimar Republic . Despite being a member of the national liberal German Peoples Party she tended toward socialist beliefs . Until 1931 , she was entitled as the secretary of the Pro Palestine Committee . During the Weimar Republic , she hosted one of the most significant political salons in Berlin . Bankers and industrialists , ministers , military personnel , and artists socialized at her house at Kurfürstendamm ( 1919-1926 ) and later in her new apartment at Matthäikirchstreet 32 . Her social and political engagement comprised a variety of activities and appointments , for instance her board membership of the East Prussia Relief . She took custodianship of illegitimate children and supported orphans . She was a friend of campaigner for womens rights Minna von Caurer , with whom she founded the Bund for Mutterschutz ( League for Maternity Protection ) together with sex educator Helene Stöcker . In 1922 , she started educational courses for women hoping to prepare them for their rather new suffrage and opportunities to run for political office . Amongst the invited speakers were Gustav Stresemann and Clara Mende . As a result of her visibility in society and her turbulent private life , journalist and author Kurt Tucholsky addressed her in his derogative toned poem An Frau von Oheimb in 1930 . Personal life . Katharina von Oheimb was the daughter of the furniture and silk goods manufacturer Rudolf van Endert . After his death in 1881 , her mother Elisabeth continued the proceedings . Katharinas brothers–Josef and Rudolf–later entered the business . Katharina von Oheimb was married four times . At age 19 , she married the industrialist Felix Daelen who founded the Glyco-Metallwerke . They had three children together , however , the fourth child Paul-Felix , born in the time of their marriage , was fathered by her second husband . Nevertheless , Paul-Felix later became director of Glyco factory . She and her husband divorced in 1905 , after Katharina had left the family . Her second husband , Ernst Albert , was the son of industrialist Heinrich Albert . Their daughter Elisabeths second husband was conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler making Katharina von Oheimb the grandmother of actress Kathrin Ackermann and great-grandmother of actress Maria Furtwängler . Albert died in 1911 , after a mountaineering accident in Tyrol . Katharina continued the business of his ceramic factory and married Alberts best friend , and owner of a manor , Hans Joachim von Oheimb . They divorced in 1921 . In 1927 , she married her former parliamentary colleague Siegfried von Kardoff , who ran for second vice president of the Reichstag . External links . - Katharina von Oheimb in Database of Members of the German Parliament - Katharina von Oheimb in Database of German Biographies
|
[
"Hans Joachim von Oheimb"
] |
easy
|
Who was the spouse of Katharina von Oheimb from 1912 to 1921?
|
/wiki/Katharina_von_Oheimb#P26#2
|
Katharina von Oheimb Katharina Kathinka von Oheimb , née van Endert ( January 2 , 1879 in Neuss – March 22 , 1962 in Düsseldorf ) was a German politician , publisher , and salonnière . Political career . From 1920 to 1924 Katharina von Oheimb was one of the 36 women amongst the 466 representatives of the 1 . Reichstag of the Weimar Republic . Despite being a member of the national liberal German Peoples Party she tended toward socialist beliefs . Until 1931 , she was entitled as the secretary of the Pro Palestine Committee . During the Weimar Republic , she hosted one of the most significant political salons in Berlin . Bankers and industrialists , ministers , military personnel , and artists socialized at her house at Kurfürstendamm ( 1919-1926 ) and later in her new apartment at Matthäikirchstreet 32 . Her social and political engagement comprised a variety of activities and appointments , for instance her board membership of the East Prussia Relief . She took custodianship of illegitimate children and supported orphans . She was a friend of campaigner for womens rights Minna von Caurer , with whom she founded the Bund for Mutterschutz ( League for Maternity Protection ) together with sex educator Helene Stöcker . In 1922 , she started educational courses for women hoping to prepare them for their rather new suffrage and opportunities to run for political office . Amongst the invited speakers were Gustav Stresemann and Clara Mende . As a result of her visibility in society and her turbulent private life , journalist and author Kurt Tucholsky addressed her in his derogative toned poem An Frau von Oheimb in 1930 . Personal life . Katharina von Oheimb was the daughter of the furniture and silk goods manufacturer Rudolf van Endert . After his death in 1881 , her mother Elisabeth continued the proceedings . Katharinas brothers–Josef and Rudolf–later entered the business . Katharina von Oheimb was married four times . At age 19 , she married the industrialist Felix Daelen who founded the Glyco-Metallwerke . They had three children together , however , the fourth child Paul-Felix , born in the time of their marriage , was fathered by her second husband . Nevertheless , Paul-Felix later became director of Glyco factory . She and her husband divorced in 1905 , after Katharina had left the family . Her second husband , Ernst Albert , was the son of industrialist Heinrich Albert . Their daughter Elisabeths second husband was conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler making Katharina von Oheimb the grandmother of actress Kathrin Ackermann and great-grandmother of actress Maria Furtwängler . Albert died in 1911 , after a mountaineering accident in Tyrol . Katharina continued the business of his ceramic factory and married Alberts best friend , and owner of a manor , Hans Joachim von Oheimb . They divorced in 1921 . In 1927 , she married her former parliamentary colleague Siegfried von Kardoff , who ran for second vice president of the Reichstag . External links . - Katharina von Oheimb in Database of Members of the German Parliament - Katharina von Oheimb in Database of German Biographies
|
[
"Siegfried von Kardoff"
] |
easy
|
Who was the spouse of Katharina von Oheimb from 1927 to 1928?
|
/wiki/Katharina_von_Oheimb#P26#3
|
Katharina von Oheimb Katharina Kathinka von Oheimb , née van Endert ( January 2 , 1879 in Neuss – March 22 , 1962 in Düsseldorf ) was a German politician , publisher , and salonnière . Political career . From 1920 to 1924 Katharina von Oheimb was one of the 36 women amongst the 466 representatives of the 1 . Reichstag of the Weimar Republic . Despite being a member of the national liberal German Peoples Party she tended toward socialist beliefs . Until 1931 , she was entitled as the secretary of the Pro Palestine Committee . During the Weimar Republic , she hosted one of the most significant political salons in Berlin . Bankers and industrialists , ministers , military personnel , and artists socialized at her house at Kurfürstendamm ( 1919-1926 ) and later in her new apartment at Matthäikirchstreet 32 . Her social and political engagement comprised a variety of activities and appointments , for instance her board membership of the East Prussia Relief . She took custodianship of illegitimate children and supported orphans . She was a friend of campaigner for womens rights Minna von Caurer , with whom she founded the Bund for Mutterschutz ( League for Maternity Protection ) together with sex educator Helene Stöcker . In 1922 , she started educational courses for women hoping to prepare them for their rather new suffrage and opportunities to run for political office . Amongst the invited speakers were Gustav Stresemann and Clara Mende . As a result of her visibility in society and her turbulent private life , journalist and author Kurt Tucholsky addressed her in his derogative toned poem An Frau von Oheimb in 1930 . Personal life . Katharina von Oheimb was the daughter of the furniture and silk goods manufacturer Rudolf van Endert . After his death in 1881 , her mother Elisabeth continued the proceedings . Katharinas brothers–Josef and Rudolf–later entered the business . Katharina von Oheimb was married four times . At age 19 , she married the industrialist Felix Daelen who founded the Glyco-Metallwerke . They had three children together , however , the fourth child Paul-Felix , born in the time of their marriage , was fathered by her second husband . Nevertheless , Paul-Felix later became director of Glyco factory . She and her husband divorced in 1905 , after Katharina had left the family . Her second husband , Ernst Albert , was the son of industrialist Heinrich Albert . Their daughter Elisabeths second husband was conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler making Katharina von Oheimb the grandmother of actress Kathrin Ackermann and great-grandmother of actress Maria Furtwängler . Albert died in 1911 , after a mountaineering accident in Tyrol . Katharina continued the business of his ceramic factory and married Alberts best friend , and owner of a manor , Hans Joachim von Oheimb . They divorced in 1921 . In 1927 , she married her former parliamentary colleague Siegfried von Kardoff , who ran for second vice president of the Reichstag . External links . - Katharina von Oheimb in Database of Members of the German Parliament - Katharina von Oheimb in Database of German Biographies
|
[
"Olimpia"
] |
easy
|
Julio César Cáceres played for which team from 1999 to 2003?
|
/wiki/Julio_César_Cáceres#P54#0
|
Julio César Cáceres Julio César Cáceres López ( ; born 5 October 1979 in San José de los Arroyos , Paraguay ) is a Paraguayan footballer who currently plays as a defender for Olimpia Asunción . He has played since 1999 in the Paraguayan national team , being part of the 2002 , 2006 and 2010 FIFA World Cup finals . Career . Olimpia . Cáceres first club was Primera División de Paraguay club , Olimpia , where he helped the club become Paraguayan champions twice . 1998 . On 12 April 1998 , Caceres debuted for Olimpia aged 18 in a 1–0 loss against Guaraní . 1999 . In 1999 , after winning the Apertura tournament , and finishing third in the Clausura tournament they were crowned champions with a 4–2 aggregate win over Cerro Porteño in the National championship game . In the 1999 season , teammates in the Olimpia squad were Denis Caniza , Ruben Maldonado , Carlos Humberto Paredes , Gustavo Neffa , Roque Santa Cruz and Richart Baez . 2000 . In 2000 they again won the Apertura tournament , and also won the Calusura tournament , thus were crowned champions . 2002 . He was also part of the team that won the Copa Libertadores in 2002 . Cáceres played in both legs of the 2002 Copa Libertadores Final as Olimpia defeated Brazilian club São Caetano in July . As Copa Libertadores winners , Olimpia faced Real Madrid in Yokohama in the 2002 Intercontinental Cup which they lost 2-0 as Caceres played an entire 90 minutes of the match . 2003 . Caceres was part of the Olimpia team which then won the Recopa Sudamericana in 2003 . 2004 . On 24 May 2004 , Caceres played his last game for Olimpia . Caceres had played in 91 league games , converting 6 goals . He also played 32 games internationally for the club , which included matches in the Copa Libertadores , Copa Mercosur , the Intercontinental Cup and the Recopa Sudamericana.Caceres earned two Primera División Paraguaya league titles , one Copa Libertadores title and one Recopa Sudamericana title . Nacional Asunción . In June 2004 , Caceres briefly signed for Nacional Asunción prior to transferring to Nantes in France . Nantes . In 2004 , he signed for French Ligue 1 club Nantes . Caceres initially joined Nantes on a one-year provisional transfer issued by FIFA , due to a dispute between Olimpia Asunción and Cáceres at the time of still being in the team roster at Nacional Asunción . He made his league debut on 14 August 2004 in a 1–1 draw with Bastia . However , he later suffered an injury and did not play for several months . By the time he had recovered , Nantes had a new coach who did not play Cáceres . Loan to Mineiro . e was loaned to Brazilian Brasileirão club Atlético Mineiro for the 2005 season . His league debut came on 11 September 2005 , a 2–0 defeat to Botafogo . He made fourteen league appearances , scoring two goals . However , the club finished in 20th place and were relegated to Brasileiro Série B . Loan to River Plate . In January 2006 , he moved to Argentina , signing for River Plate on loan , where he quickly became a key player and squad captain . He made his league debut in a 5–0 win at Tiro Federal on 29 January . He was also a part of the River Plate team that reached the quarter-finals of the 2006 Copa Libertadores . In July 2006 , River Plate decided not to buy the transfer of Caceres and that he would be sold by his owner club , Nantes , to a Mexican club . Loan to Gimnàstic . Later in 2006 he spent two months in Spain , from October to December , with Catalan club Gimnàstic de Tarragona in La Liga where he made eleven league appearances . UANL Tigres . In January 2007 Cáceres moved to Mexico when he was signed by Tigres , with whom he maintained a regular starting position . He made his league debut in a 2–1 defeat at Tecos on 20 January 2007 and scored his first goal for the club on 3 March in a 3–2 win over Chiapas . He made a total of 32 league appearances , scoring two goals . Boca Juniors . In January 2008 he moved again to Argentina , signing for Boca Juniors . He made his league debut on 10 February 2008 in a 1–1 draw with Rosario Central . On 14 May he scored Bocas first goal as they were held to a 2–2 home draw by Mexican club Atlas in the quarter-finals of the 2008 Copa Libertadores In October 2008 Cáceres had a very public conflict with Boca teammate Juan Román Riquelme , when in an interview on a Paraguayan radio station in Asunción , where he was training with his national team , Cáceres questioned Riquelmes motivation . He claimed that In some matches , he is apparently running and in others he is passive . He seems to be mentally saturated . He seems to have more motivation when he plays for his country . However , Riquelme responded in a telephone interview on the Fox Sports cable channel , saying He doesnt know what I feel for the club . I take part in pre-match concentration just like the other players and I didnt have a holiday because I chose to play in the ( Olympic ) Games . When we won the gold , I ran to the airport so I could play in the ( Recopa Sudamericana 2008 ) final . And adding , These things should be kept in the dressing-room , hes broken all the codes of football . However , after Boca won the Superclásico derby match over Buenos Aires rivals River Plate 1–0 at El Monumental on 21 October 2008 , Cáceres said that the conflict has been left behind , adding that the relationship between the two players had improved . Caceres scored his first goal for Boca Juniors in a 2–1 win against Lanus 30 August 2009 . Atletico Mineiro . In January 2010 Cáceres left Boca Juniors to join Atlético Mineiro of Brazil . Return to Olimpia . On 14 January 2011 Cáceres returned to his first professional club Olimpia from Atletico Mineiro when he signed a two-year contract . Second return to Olimpia . In July 2018 , Caceres re-joined Olimpia at age 38 after five and a-half seasons with Guaraní , informing that he wanted to be champion with Olimpia and then retire . During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic , Caceres performed his training routine from home . In October 2020 , at 41 years of age , Caceres commented that he wanted to retire during the Torneo Apertura but was unable to , and that he would retire at the end of the year . International career . In 2000 , Caceres represented Paraguay U23 at the 2000 CONMEBOL Men Pre-Olympic Tournament . Cáceres made his international debut in April 2002 against England . He currently has 30 caps and has scored four goals for Paraguay . He played in both the 2002 FIFA World Cup finals and the 2006 FIFA World Cup . On 8 June 2005 he scored Paraguays third goal as they beat Bolivia 4–1 at the Estadio Defensores del Chaco , Asunción in a South American qualification match for the 2006 World Cup . In 2007 , he played in the Copa América He played in all seven matches for Paraguay of the first rounds in the South American qualification for the 2010 FIFA World Cup . Honours . Olimpia - Paraguayan Primera División ( 2 ) : 1999 , 2000 - Copa Libertadores ( 1 ) : 2002 - Recopa Sudamericana ( 1 ) : 2003 Boca Juniors - Recopa Sudamericana ( 1 ) : 2008 - Argentine Primera División ( 1 ) : 2008 Apertura Atlético Mineiro - Campeonato Mineiro ( 1 ) : 2010 External links . - Profile at footballdatabase.com - Argentine Primera statistics at Fútbol XXI
|
[
"Nantes"
] |
easy
|
Which team did Julio César Cáceres play for from 2003 to 2007?
|
/wiki/Julio_César_Cáceres#P54#1
|
Julio César Cáceres Julio César Cáceres López ( ; born 5 October 1979 in San José de los Arroyos , Paraguay ) is a Paraguayan footballer who currently plays as a defender for Olimpia Asunción . He has played since 1999 in the Paraguayan national team , being part of the 2002 , 2006 and 2010 FIFA World Cup finals . Career . Olimpia . Cáceres first club was Primera División de Paraguay club , Olimpia , where he helped the club become Paraguayan champions twice . 1998 . On 12 April 1998 , Caceres debuted for Olimpia aged 18 in a 1–0 loss against Guaraní . 1999 . In 1999 , after winning the Apertura tournament , and finishing third in the Clausura tournament they were crowned champions with a 4–2 aggregate win over Cerro Porteño in the National championship game . In the 1999 season , teammates in the Olimpia squad were Denis Caniza , Ruben Maldonado , Carlos Humberto Paredes , Gustavo Neffa , Roque Santa Cruz and Richart Baez . 2000 . In 2000 they again won the Apertura tournament , and also won the Calusura tournament , thus were crowned champions . 2002 . He was also part of the team that won the Copa Libertadores in 2002 . Cáceres played in both legs of the 2002 Copa Libertadores Final as Olimpia defeated Brazilian club São Caetano in July . As Copa Libertadores winners , Olimpia faced Real Madrid in Yokohama in the 2002 Intercontinental Cup which they lost 2-0 as Caceres played an entire 90 minutes of the match . 2003 . Caceres was part of the Olimpia team which then won the Recopa Sudamericana in 2003 . 2004 . On 24 May 2004 , Caceres played his last game for Olimpia . Caceres had played in 91 league games , converting 6 goals . He also played 32 games internationally for the club , which included matches in the Copa Libertadores , Copa Mercosur , the Intercontinental Cup and the Recopa Sudamericana.Caceres earned two Primera División Paraguaya league titles , one Copa Libertadores title and one Recopa Sudamericana title . Nacional Asunción . In June 2004 , Caceres briefly signed for Nacional Asunción prior to transferring to Nantes in France . Nantes . In 2004 , he signed for French Ligue 1 club Nantes . Caceres initially joined Nantes on a one-year provisional transfer issued by FIFA , due to a dispute between Olimpia Asunción and Cáceres at the time of still being in the team roster at Nacional Asunción . He made his league debut on 14 August 2004 in a 1–1 draw with Bastia . However , he later suffered an injury and did not play for several months . By the time he had recovered , Nantes had a new coach who did not play Cáceres . Loan to Mineiro . e was loaned to Brazilian Brasileirão club Atlético Mineiro for the 2005 season . His league debut came on 11 September 2005 , a 2–0 defeat to Botafogo . He made fourteen league appearances , scoring two goals . However , the club finished in 20th place and were relegated to Brasileiro Série B . Loan to River Plate . In January 2006 , he moved to Argentina , signing for River Plate on loan , where he quickly became a key player and squad captain . He made his league debut in a 5–0 win at Tiro Federal on 29 January . He was also a part of the River Plate team that reached the quarter-finals of the 2006 Copa Libertadores . In July 2006 , River Plate decided not to buy the transfer of Caceres and that he would be sold by his owner club , Nantes , to a Mexican club . Loan to Gimnàstic . Later in 2006 he spent two months in Spain , from October to December , with Catalan club Gimnàstic de Tarragona in La Liga where he made eleven league appearances . UANL Tigres . In January 2007 Cáceres moved to Mexico when he was signed by Tigres , with whom he maintained a regular starting position . He made his league debut in a 2–1 defeat at Tecos on 20 January 2007 and scored his first goal for the club on 3 March in a 3–2 win over Chiapas . He made a total of 32 league appearances , scoring two goals . Boca Juniors . In January 2008 he moved again to Argentina , signing for Boca Juniors . He made his league debut on 10 February 2008 in a 1–1 draw with Rosario Central . On 14 May he scored Bocas first goal as they were held to a 2–2 home draw by Mexican club Atlas in the quarter-finals of the 2008 Copa Libertadores In October 2008 Cáceres had a very public conflict with Boca teammate Juan Román Riquelme , when in an interview on a Paraguayan radio station in Asunción , where he was training with his national team , Cáceres questioned Riquelmes motivation . He claimed that In some matches , he is apparently running and in others he is passive . He seems to be mentally saturated . He seems to have more motivation when he plays for his country . However , Riquelme responded in a telephone interview on the Fox Sports cable channel , saying He doesnt know what I feel for the club . I take part in pre-match concentration just like the other players and I didnt have a holiday because I chose to play in the ( Olympic ) Games . When we won the gold , I ran to the airport so I could play in the ( Recopa Sudamericana 2008 ) final . And adding , These things should be kept in the dressing-room , hes broken all the codes of football . However , after Boca won the Superclásico derby match over Buenos Aires rivals River Plate 1–0 at El Monumental on 21 October 2008 , Cáceres said that the conflict has been left behind , adding that the relationship between the two players had improved . Caceres scored his first goal for Boca Juniors in a 2–1 win against Lanus 30 August 2009 . Atletico Mineiro . In January 2010 Cáceres left Boca Juniors to join Atlético Mineiro of Brazil . Return to Olimpia . On 14 January 2011 Cáceres returned to his first professional club Olimpia from Atletico Mineiro when he signed a two-year contract . Second return to Olimpia . In July 2018 , Caceres re-joined Olimpia at age 38 after five and a-half seasons with Guaraní , informing that he wanted to be champion with Olimpia and then retire . During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic , Caceres performed his training routine from home . In October 2020 , at 41 years of age , Caceres commented that he wanted to retire during the Torneo Apertura but was unable to , and that he would retire at the end of the year . International career . In 2000 , Caceres represented Paraguay U23 at the 2000 CONMEBOL Men Pre-Olympic Tournament . Cáceres made his international debut in April 2002 against England . He currently has 30 caps and has scored four goals for Paraguay . He played in both the 2002 FIFA World Cup finals and the 2006 FIFA World Cup . On 8 June 2005 he scored Paraguays third goal as they beat Bolivia 4–1 at the Estadio Defensores del Chaco , Asunción in a South American qualification match for the 2006 World Cup . In 2007 , he played in the Copa América He played in all seven matches for Paraguay of the first rounds in the South American qualification for the 2010 FIFA World Cup . Honours . Olimpia - Paraguayan Primera División ( 2 ) : 1999 , 2000 - Copa Libertadores ( 1 ) : 2002 - Recopa Sudamericana ( 1 ) : 2003 Boca Juniors - Recopa Sudamericana ( 1 ) : 2008 - Argentine Primera División ( 1 ) : 2008 Apertura Atlético Mineiro - Campeonato Mineiro ( 1 ) : 2010 External links . - Profile at footballdatabase.com - Argentine Primera statistics at Fútbol XXI
|
[
"Tigres"
] |
easy
|
Which team did Julio César Cáceres play for from 2007 to 2008?
|
/wiki/Julio_César_Cáceres#P54#2
|
Julio César Cáceres Julio César Cáceres López ( ; born 5 October 1979 in San José de los Arroyos , Paraguay ) is a Paraguayan footballer who currently plays as a defender for Olimpia Asunción . He has played since 1999 in the Paraguayan national team , being part of the 2002 , 2006 and 2010 FIFA World Cup finals . Career . Olimpia . Cáceres first club was Primera División de Paraguay club , Olimpia , where he helped the club become Paraguayan champions twice . 1998 . On 12 April 1998 , Caceres debuted for Olimpia aged 18 in a 1–0 loss against Guaraní . 1999 . In 1999 , after winning the Apertura tournament , and finishing third in the Clausura tournament they were crowned champions with a 4–2 aggregate win over Cerro Porteño in the National championship game . In the 1999 season , teammates in the Olimpia squad were Denis Caniza , Ruben Maldonado , Carlos Humberto Paredes , Gustavo Neffa , Roque Santa Cruz and Richart Baez . 2000 . In 2000 they again won the Apertura tournament , and also won the Calusura tournament , thus were crowned champions . 2002 . He was also part of the team that won the Copa Libertadores in 2002 . Cáceres played in both legs of the 2002 Copa Libertadores Final as Olimpia defeated Brazilian club São Caetano in July . As Copa Libertadores winners , Olimpia faced Real Madrid in Yokohama in the 2002 Intercontinental Cup which they lost 2-0 as Caceres played an entire 90 minutes of the match . 2003 . Caceres was part of the Olimpia team which then won the Recopa Sudamericana in 2003 . 2004 . On 24 May 2004 , Caceres played his last game for Olimpia . Caceres had played in 91 league games , converting 6 goals . He also played 32 games internationally for the club , which included matches in the Copa Libertadores , Copa Mercosur , the Intercontinental Cup and the Recopa Sudamericana.Caceres earned two Primera División Paraguaya league titles , one Copa Libertadores title and one Recopa Sudamericana title . Nacional Asunción . In June 2004 , Caceres briefly signed for Nacional Asunción prior to transferring to Nantes in France . Nantes . In 2004 , he signed for French Ligue 1 club Nantes . Caceres initially joined Nantes on a one-year provisional transfer issued by FIFA , due to a dispute between Olimpia Asunción and Cáceres at the time of still being in the team roster at Nacional Asunción . He made his league debut on 14 August 2004 in a 1–1 draw with Bastia . However , he later suffered an injury and did not play for several months . By the time he had recovered , Nantes had a new coach who did not play Cáceres . Loan to Mineiro . e was loaned to Brazilian Brasileirão club Atlético Mineiro for the 2005 season . His league debut came on 11 September 2005 , a 2–0 defeat to Botafogo . He made fourteen league appearances , scoring two goals . However , the club finished in 20th place and were relegated to Brasileiro Série B . Loan to River Plate . In January 2006 , he moved to Argentina , signing for River Plate on loan , where he quickly became a key player and squad captain . He made his league debut in a 5–0 win at Tiro Federal on 29 January . He was also a part of the River Plate team that reached the quarter-finals of the 2006 Copa Libertadores . In July 2006 , River Plate decided not to buy the transfer of Caceres and that he would be sold by his owner club , Nantes , to a Mexican club . Loan to Gimnàstic . Later in 2006 he spent two months in Spain , from October to December , with Catalan club Gimnàstic de Tarragona in La Liga where he made eleven league appearances . UANL Tigres . In January 2007 Cáceres moved to Mexico when he was signed by Tigres , with whom he maintained a regular starting position . He made his league debut in a 2–1 defeat at Tecos on 20 January 2007 and scored his first goal for the club on 3 March in a 3–2 win over Chiapas . He made a total of 32 league appearances , scoring two goals . Boca Juniors . In January 2008 he moved again to Argentina , signing for Boca Juniors . He made his league debut on 10 February 2008 in a 1–1 draw with Rosario Central . On 14 May he scored Bocas first goal as they were held to a 2–2 home draw by Mexican club Atlas in the quarter-finals of the 2008 Copa Libertadores In October 2008 Cáceres had a very public conflict with Boca teammate Juan Román Riquelme , when in an interview on a Paraguayan radio station in Asunción , where he was training with his national team , Cáceres questioned Riquelmes motivation . He claimed that In some matches , he is apparently running and in others he is passive . He seems to be mentally saturated . He seems to have more motivation when he plays for his country . However , Riquelme responded in a telephone interview on the Fox Sports cable channel , saying He doesnt know what I feel for the club . I take part in pre-match concentration just like the other players and I didnt have a holiday because I chose to play in the ( Olympic ) Games . When we won the gold , I ran to the airport so I could play in the ( Recopa Sudamericana 2008 ) final . And adding , These things should be kept in the dressing-room , hes broken all the codes of football . However , after Boca won the Superclásico derby match over Buenos Aires rivals River Plate 1–0 at El Monumental on 21 October 2008 , Cáceres said that the conflict has been left behind , adding that the relationship between the two players had improved . Caceres scored his first goal for Boca Juniors in a 2–1 win against Lanus 30 August 2009 . Atletico Mineiro . In January 2010 Cáceres left Boca Juniors to join Atlético Mineiro of Brazil . Return to Olimpia . On 14 January 2011 Cáceres returned to his first professional club Olimpia from Atletico Mineiro when he signed a two-year contract . Second return to Olimpia . In July 2018 , Caceres re-joined Olimpia at age 38 after five and a-half seasons with Guaraní , informing that he wanted to be champion with Olimpia and then retire . During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic , Caceres performed his training routine from home . In October 2020 , at 41 years of age , Caceres commented that he wanted to retire during the Torneo Apertura but was unable to , and that he would retire at the end of the year . International career . In 2000 , Caceres represented Paraguay U23 at the 2000 CONMEBOL Men Pre-Olympic Tournament . Cáceres made his international debut in April 2002 against England . He currently has 30 caps and has scored four goals for Paraguay . He played in both the 2002 FIFA World Cup finals and the 2006 FIFA World Cup . On 8 June 2005 he scored Paraguays third goal as they beat Bolivia 4–1 at the Estadio Defensores del Chaco , Asunción in a South American qualification match for the 2006 World Cup . In 2007 , he played in the Copa América He played in all seven matches for Paraguay of the first rounds in the South American qualification for the 2010 FIFA World Cup . Honours . Olimpia - Paraguayan Primera División ( 2 ) : 1999 , 2000 - Copa Libertadores ( 1 ) : 2002 - Recopa Sudamericana ( 1 ) : 2003 Boca Juniors - Recopa Sudamericana ( 1 ) : 2008 - Argentine Primera División ( 1 ) : 2008 Apertura Atlético Mineiro - Campeonato Mineiro ( 1 ) : 2010 External links . - Profile at footballdatabase.com - Argentine Primera statistics at Fútbol XXI
|
[
"Boca Juniors"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Julio César Cáceres belong to from 2008 to 2010?
|
/wiki/Julio_César_Cáceres#P54#3
|
Julio César Cáceres Julio César Cáceres López ( ; born 5 October 1979 in San José de los Arroyos , Paraguay ) is a Paraguayan footballer who currently plays as a defender for Olimpia Asunción . He has played since 1999 in the Paraguayan national team , being part of the 2002 , 2006 and 2010 FIFA World Cup finals . Career . Olimpia . Cáceres first club was Primera División de Paraguay club , Olimpia , where he helped the club become Paraguayan champions twice . 1998 . On 12 April 1998 , Caceres debuted for Olimpia aged 18 in a 1–0 loss against Guaraní . 1999 . In 1999 , after winning the Apertura tournament , and finishing third in the Clausura tournament they were crowned champions with a 4–2 aggregate win over Cerro Porteño in the National championship game . In the 1999 season , teammates in the Olimpia squad were Denis Caniza , Ruben Maldonado , Carlos Humberto Paredes , Gustavo Neffa , Roque Santa Cruz and Richart Baez . 2000 . In 2000 they again won the Apertura tournament , and also won the Calusura tournament , thus were crowned champions . 2002 . He was also part of the team that won the Copa Libertadores in 2002 . Cáceres played in both legs of the 2002 Copa Libertadores Final as Olimpia defeated Brazilian club São Caetano in July . As Copa Libertadores winners , Olimpia faced Real Madrid in Yokohama in the 2002 Intercontinental Cup which they lost 2-0 as Caceres played an entire 90 minutes of the match . 2003 . Caceres was part of the Olimpia team which then won the Recopa Sudamericana in 2003 . 2004 . On 24 May 2004 , Caceres played his last game for Olimpia . Caceres had played in 91 league games , converting 6 goals . He also played 32 games internationally for the club , which included matches in the Copa Libertadores , Copa Mercosur , the Intercontinental Cup and the Recopa Sudamericana.Caceres earned two Primera División Paraguaya league titles , one Copa Libertadores title and one Recopa Sudamericana title . Nacional Asunción . In June 2004 , Caceres briefly signed for Nacional Asunción prior to transferring to Nantes in France . Nantes . In 2004 , he signed for French Ligue 1 club Nantes . Caceres initially joined Nantes on a one-year provisional transfer issued by FIFA , due to a dispute between Olimpia Asunción and Cáceres at the time of still being in the team roster at Nacional Asunción . He made his league debut on 14 August 2004 in a 1–1 draw with Bastia . However , he later suffered an injury and did not play for several months . By the time he had recovered , Nantes had a new coach who did not play Cáceres . Loan to Mineiro . e was loaned to Brazilian Brasileirão club Atlético Mineiro for the 2005 season . His league debut came on 11 September 2005 , a 2–0 defeat to Botafogo . He made fourteen league appearances , scoring two goals . However , the club finished in 20th place and were relegated to Brasileiro Série B . Loan to River Plate . In January 2006 , he moved to Argentina , signing for River Plate on loan , where he quickly became a key player and squad captain . He made his league debut in a 5–0 win at Tiro Federal on 29 January . He was also a part of the River Plate team that reached the quarter-finals of the 2006 Copa Libertadores . In July 2006 , River Plate decided not to buy the transfer of Caceres and that he would be sold by his owner club , Nantes , to a Mexican club . Loan to Gimnàstic . Later in 2006 he spent two months in Spain , from October to December , with Catalan club Gimnàstic de Tarragona in La Liga where he made eleven league appearances . UANL Tigres . In January 2007 Cáceres moved to Mexico when he was signed by Tigres , with whom he maintained a regular starting position . He made his league debut in a 2–1 defeat at Tecos on 20 January 2007 and scored his first goal for the club on 3 March in a 3–2 win over Chiapas . He made a total of 32 league appearances , scoring two goals . Boca Juniors . In January 2008 he moved again to Argentina , signing for Boca Juniors . He made his league debut on 10 February 2008 in a 1–1 draw with Rosario Central . On 14 May he scored Bocas first goal as they were held to a 2–2 home draw by Mexican club Atlas in the quarter-finals of the 2008 Copa Libertadores In October 2008 Cáceres had a very public conflict with Boca teammate Juan Román Riquelme , when in an interview on a Paraguayan radio station in Asunción , where he was training with his national team , Cáceres questioned Riquelmes motivation . He claimed that In some matches , he is apparently running and in others he is passive . He seems to be mentally saturated . He seems to have more motivation when he plays for his country . However , Riquelme responded in a telephone interview on the Fox Sports cable channel , saying He doesnt know what I feel for the club . I take part in pre-match concentration just like the other players and I didnt have a holiday because I chose to play in the ( Olympic ) Games . When we won the gold , I ran to the airport so I could play in the ( Recopa Sudamericana 2008 ) final . And adding , These things should be kept in the dressing-room , hes broken all the codes of football . However , after Boca won the Superclásico derby match over Buenos Aires rivals River Plate 1–0 at El Monumental on 21 October 2008 , Cáceres said that the conflict has been left behind , adding that the relationship between the two players had improved . Caceres scored his first goal for Boca Juniors in a 2–1 win against Lanus 30 August 2009 . Atletico Mineiro . In January 2010 Cáceres left Boca Juniors to join Atlético Mineiro of Brazil . Return to Olimpia . On 14 January 2011 Cáceres returned to his first professional club Olimpia from Atletico Mineiro when he signed a two-year contract . Second return to Olimpia . In July 2018 , Caceres re-joined Olimpia at age 38 after five and a-half seasons with Guaraní , informing that he wanted to be champion with Olimpia and then retire . During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic , Caceres performed his training routine from home . In October 2020 , at 41 years of age , Caceres commented that he wanted to retire during the Torneo Apertura but was unable to , and that he would retire at the end of the year . International career . In 2000 , Caceres represented Paraguay U23 at the 2000 CONMEBOL Men Pre-Olympic Tournament . Cáceres made his international debut in April 2002 against England . He currently has 30 caps and has scored four goals for Paraguay . He played in both the 2002 FIFA World Cup finals and the 2006 FIFA World Cup . On 8 June 2005 he scored Paraguays third goal as they beat Bolivia 4–1 at the Estadio Defensores del Chaco , Asunción in a South American qualification match for the 2006 World Cup . In 2007 , he played in the Copa América He played in all seven matches for Paraguay of the first rounds in the South American qualification for the 2010 FIFA World Cup . Honours . Olimpia - Paraguayan Primera División ( 2 ) : 1999 , 2000 - Copa Libertadores ( 1 ) : 2002 - Recopa Sudamericana ( 1 ) : 2003 Boca Juniors - Recopa Sudamericana ( 1 ) : 2008 - Argentine Primera División ( 1 ) : 2008 Apertura Atlético Mineiro - Campeonato Mineiro ( 1 ) : 2010 External links . - Profile at footballdatabase.com - Argentine Primera statistics at Fútbol XXI
|
[
""
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Julio César Cáceres belong to from 2010 to 2013?
|
/wiki/Julio_César_Cáceres#P54#4
|
Julio César Cáceres Julio César Cáceres López ( ; born 5 October 1979 in San José de los Arroyos , Paraguay ) is a Paraguayan footballer who currently plays as a defender for Olimpia Asunción . He has played since 1999 in the Paraguayan national team , being part of the 2002 , 2006 and 2010 FIFA World Cup finals . Career . Olimpia . Cáceres first club was Primera División de Paraguay club , Olimpia , where he helped the club become Paraguayan champions twice . 1998 . On 12 April 1998 , Caceres debuted for Olimpia aged 18 in a 1–0 loss against Guaraní . 1999 . In 1999 , after winning the Apertura tournament , and finishing third in the Clausura tournament they were crowned champions with a 4–2 aggregate win over Cerro Porteño in the National championship game . In the 1999 season , teammates in the Olimpia squad were Denis Caniza , Ruben Maldonado , Carlos Humberto Paredes , Gustavo Neffa , Roque Santa Cruz and Richart Baez . 2000 . In 2000 they again won the Apertura tournament , and also won the Calusura tournament , thus were crowned champions . 2002 . He was also part of the team that won the Copa Libertadores in 2002 . Cáceres played in both legs of the 2002 Copa Libertadores Final as Olimpia defeated Brazilian club São Caetano in July . As Copa Libertadores winners , Olimpia faced Real Madrid in Yokohama in the 2002 Intercontinental Cup which they lost 2-0 as Caceres played an entire 90 minutes of the match . 2003 . Caceres was part of the Olimpia team which then won the Recopa Sudamericana in 2003 . 2004 . On 24 May 2004 , Caceres played his last game for Olimpia . Caceres had played in 91 league games , converting 6 goals . He also played 32 games internationally for the club , which included matches in the Copa Libertadores , Copa Mercosur , the Intercontinental Cup and the Recopa Sudamericana.Caceres earned two Primera División Paraguaya league titles , one Copa Libertadores title and one Recopa Sudamericana title . Nacional Asunción . In June 2004 , Caceres briefly signed for Nacional Asunción prior to transferring to Nantes in France . Nantes . In 2004 , he signed for French Ligue 1 club Nantes . Caceres initially joined Nantes on a one-year provisional transfer issued by FIFA , due to a dispute between Olimpia Asunción and Cáceres at the time of still being in the team roster at Nacional Asunción . He made his league debut on 14 August 2004 in a 1–1 draw with Bastia . However , he later suffered an injury and did not play for several months . By the time he had recovered , Nantes had a new coach who did not play Cáceres . Loan to Mineiro . e was loaned to Brazilian Brasileirão club Atlético Mineiro for the 2005 season . His league debut came on 11 September 2005 , a 2–0 defeat to Botafogo . He made fourteen league appearances , scoring two goals . However , the club finished in 20th place and were relegated to Brasileiro Série B . Loan to River Plate . In January 2006 , he moved to Argentina , signing for River Plate on loan , where he quickly became a key player and squad captain . He made his league debut in a 5–0 win at Tiro Federal on 29 January . He was also a part of the River Plate team that reached the quarter-finals of the 2006 Copa Libertadores . In July 2006 , River Plate decided not to buy the transfer of Caceres and that he would be sold by his owner club , Nantes , to a Mexican club . Loan to Gimnàstic . Later in 2006 he spent two months in Spain , from October to December , with Catalan club Gimnàstic de Tarragona in La Liga where he made eleven league appearances . UANL Tigres . In January 2007 Cáceres moved to Mexico when he was signed by Tigres , with whom he maintained a regular starting position . He made his league debut in a 2–1 defeat at Tecos on 20 January 2007 and scored his first goal for the club on 3 March in a 3–2 win over Chiapas . He made a total of 32 league appearances , scoring two goals . Boca Juniors . In January 2008 he moved again to Argentina , signing for Boca Juniors . He made his league debut on 10 February 2008 in a 1–1 draw with Rosario Central . On 14 May he scored Bocas first goal as they were held to a 2–2 home draw by Mexican club Atlas in the quarter-finals of the 2008 Copa Libertadores In October 2008 Cáceres had a very public conflict with Boca teammate Juan Román Riquelme , when in an interview on a Paraguayan radio station in Asunción , where he was training with his national team , Cáceres questioned Riquelmes motivation . He claimed that In some matches , he is apparently running and in others he is passive . He seems to be mentally saturated . He seems to have more motivation when he plays for his country . However , Riquelme responded in a telephone interview on the Fox Sports cable channel , saying He doesnt know what I feel for the club . I take part in pre-match concentration just like the other players and I didnt have a holiday because I chose to play in the ( Olympic ) Games . When we won the gold , I ran to the airport so I could play in the ( Recopa Sudamericana 2008 ) final . And adding , These things should be kept in the dressing-room , hes broken all the codes of football . However , after Boca won the Superclásico derby match over Buenos Aires rivals River Plate 1–0 at El Monumental on 21 October 2008 , Cáceres said that the conflict has been left behind , adding that the relationship between the two players had improved . Caceres scored his first goal for Boca Juniors in a 2–1 win against Lanus 30 August 2009 . Atletico Mineiro . In January 2010 Cáceres left Boca Juniors to join Atlético Mineiro of Brazil . Return to Olimpia . On 14 January 2011 Cáceres returned to his first professional club Olimpia from Atletico Mineiro when he signed a two-year contract . Second return to Olimpia . In July 2018 , Caceres re-joined Olimpia at age 38 after five and a-half seasons with Guaraní , informing that he wanted to be champion with Olimpia and then retire . During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic , Caceres performed his training routine from home . In October 2020 , at 41 years of age , Caceres commented that he wanted to retire during the Torneo Apertura but was unable to , and that he would retire at the end of the year . International career . In 2000 , Caceres represented Paraguay U23 at the 2000 CONMEBOL Men Pre-Olympic Tournament . Cáceres made his international debut in April 2002 against England . He currently has 30 caps and has scored four goals for Paraguay . He played in both the 2002 FIFA World Cup finals and the 2006 FIFA World Cup . On 8 June 2005 he scored Paraguays third goal as they beat Bolivia 4–1 at the Estadio Defensores del Chaco , Asunción in a South American qualification match for the 2006 World Cup . In 2007 , he played in the Copa América He played in all seven matches for Paraguay of the first rounds in the South American qualification for the 2010 FIFA World Cup . Honours . Olimpia - Paraguayan Primera División ( 2 ) : 1999 , 2000 - Copa Libertadores ( 1 ) : 2002 - Recopa Sudamericana ( 1 ) : 2003 Boca Juniors - Recopa Sudamericana ( 1 ) : 2008 - Argentine Primera División ( 1 ) : 2008 Apertura Atlético Mineiro - Campeonato Mineiro ( 1 ) : 2010 External links . - Profile at footballdatabase.com - Argentine Primera statistics at Fútbol XXI
|
[
"Sul Ross State University"
] |
easy
|
Which school did Pete Gallego go to from 1979 to 1980?
|
/wiki/Pete_Gallego#P69#0
|
Pete Gallego Pete Peña Gallego ( born December 2 , 1961 ) is an American lawyer and politician who was the U.S . Representative for Texass 23rd congressional district from 2013 to 2015 . Gallego , a member of the Democratic Party , previously served as a member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 74th district beginning in 1991 . Gallego defeated freshman incumbent Quico Canseco of San Antonio for Texass 23rd congressional district seat in the November 6 , 2012 , general election . Canseco conceded the race on November 9 . Gallego ran for re-election in 2014 , in what the Texas Tribune called the only obviously competitive November congressional race in Texas . He was defeated by challenger Republican Will Hurd on November 4 , 2014 . In 2016 he ran for Congress once more in the 23rd district , losing to Hurd a second time . In 2018 , Gallego ran in a special election for the Texas State Senate District 19 , losing to Republican Pete Flores . Early career . After graduating from law school , Gallego became an assistant in the office of the state attorney general , before he returned to his hometown of Alpine to become a prosecutor . He was also an attorney at the law firm Brown McCarroll LLP , with an office in Austin . State legislature . Elected to the Texas House from District 74 in 1990 , Gallego was the first Hispanic to represent this vast border district . In 1991 , he became the first freshman member and the first ethnic minority member ever elected as chair of the House Democratic Caucus , a post he held until January 2001 . In the Texas House , Gallego served on the board of directors of the National Association of Latino Elected Officials ( NALEO ) , and four terms as Chairman of the Mexican American Legislative Caucus ( MALC ) , a caucus of Texas representatives who are of Mexican-American descent or who serve a significant Mexican-American constituency . In 2008 , Trey Martinez Fischer replaced Gallego as Chairman of MALC . Gallegos state legislative career included chairmanships of the General Investigating Committee and several select and subcommittees . He has also served as a member of the Committees on Appropriations , Calendars , Criminal Jurisprudence , Higher Education , and Elections . In 2008 , Gallego narrowly missed being elected Speaker of the Texas House . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . - 2012 Gallego announced his candidacy for the 23rd district in September 2011 . His state house district was virtually coextensive with the central portion of the congressional district ; indeed , he had represented almost all of the central portion of the congressional district at one time or another during his two decades in the state legislature . He finished second in the Democratic primary , behind former congressman Ciro Rodriguez , who had received Bill Clintons endorsement . He then defeated Rodriguez in the July 31 runoff election by a margin of 55-45 percent . During the course of his campaign , Gallego overhauled his campaign staff four times . In the general election , Gallego defeated Canseco with 50 percent of the vote to Cansecos 46 percent , a margin of 9,200 votes . While Gallego lost in Bexar County , home to more than half the districts population , he dominated his former state house district . The campaign between Gallego and Canseco was contentious , with Gallego alleging that Canseco was a right-wing extremist , and Canseco calling Gallego a radical environmentalist . Gallego was supported by the Blue Dog Coalition . - 2014 Gallego ran for re-election in 2014 . Facing no opposition from his own party , he won the Democratic primary on March 4 , 2014 . He faced Republican Will Hurd , an African American , in the general election . Gallego was a member of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committees Frontline Program . The program is designed to help protect vulnerable Democratic incumbents . He lost his bid for re-election to Republican Will Hurd by less than 2,500 votes . - 2018 In July 2017 , Gallego tested the waters as a potential 2018 candidate once more against Hurd . Reapportionment of the district could play a major role as to whether Gallego decided to enter the race . At least two other Democrats also considered running for their party nomination : Judith Canales , a former officer of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development from Eagle Pass , and Jay Hulings , a graduate of Harvard Law School and an assistant U.S . attorney in San Antonio . On September 1 , Gallego announced that he would not run in the 23rd district . Committee assignments . - Committee on Agriculture - Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities and Risk Management - Subcommittee on Livestock , Rural Development , and Credit - Committee on Armed Services - Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces - Subcommittee on Readiness Texas State Senate . In June 2018 , a special election was triggered in Texas State Senate District 19 after incumbent Carlos Uresti resigned . After an initial eight-way race and election on July 31 , in which no candidate received 50% of the vote , a runoff election was set between the top two candidates , Gallego and Republican Pete Flores . On September 18 , Gallego was defeated in the runoff election ; Flores received 53% of the vote , while Gallego received 47% . Political positions . Healthcare . Gallego opposes repeal of the Affordable Care Act and voted against repeal in May 2013 . Gallegos support for the Affordable Care Act has been attacked in advertisements by the Libre Initiative , a conservative Hispanic outreach group . Gallego opposes a Medicare voucher system and says that he supports Medicaid expansion and prescription drug negotiations . Abortion . Gallego supported an abortion law allowing minors to get an abortion with parental consent . Under the legislation a minor would have been able to bypass the requirement for parental consent by petitioning a judge . Immigration . Gallego has said that border security and immigration reform are two separate issues . He advocates improved worker accountability programs , using border security as an economic tool and aiding the current 11 million undocumented individuals in a path to citizenship , writing with several others in an opinion piece in the El Paso Times that , We can no longer delay immigration reform . The time to move forward is now . Gallego has said Most people dont really care where the idea comes from . They want action , they want something to happen , and theyre tired of the prolonged conversation . Gallego has expressed support for President Obamas immigration policies . He supports the DREAM Act . In 2014 , Gallego invited Speaker of the House John Boehner to the Southern Border to view the humanitarian crisis and discuss the matter with local border patrol agents and community members . Energy . Gallego has been supported by the Sierra Club and the League of Conservation Voters . According to Texas Climate News , Gallegos 2012 congressional victory earned the celebratory attention of climate-action advocates . Gallego has voiced support for renewable and clean energy sources . The Sierra Club called Gallego a clean energy champion . Mother Jones included Gallego in a list of the Top Five Climate Hawks who were elected to office in November 2012 . Sul Ross State . In May 2020 Chancellor Brian McCall announced Gallego as the sole finalist for becoming the 13th president of Sul Ross State ( SRSU ) . In June the regents confirmed him as the next president . He will be the first president to be a SRSU grad . He will face challenges of declining enrollment and naming controversy as the university he now heads is named for a Confederate General . Personal life . Born in Alpine , Gallego graduated from Sul Ross State University in 1982 with a bachelors degree in political science . In 1985 , he earned a J.D . from the University of Texas School of Law in Austin . In 2012 , Gallego began drawing pension benefits from the state of Texas in addition to his annual congressional salary of $174,000 .
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Pete Gallego went to which school from 1980 to 1985?
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Pete Gallego Pete Peña Gallego ( born December 2 , 1961 ) is an American lawyer and politician who was the U.S . Representative for Texass 23rd congressional district from 2013 to 2015 . Gallego , a member of the Democratic Party , previously served as a member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 74th district beginning in 1991 . Gallego defeated freshman incumbent Quico Canseco of San Antonio for Texass 23rd congressional district seat in the November 6 , 2012 , general election . Canseco conceded the race on November 9 . Gallego ran for re-election in 2014 , in what the Texas Tribune called the only obviously competitive November congressional race in Texas . He was defeated by challenger Republican Will Hurd on November 4 , 2014 . In 2016 he ran for Congress once more in the 23rd district , losing to Hurd a second time . In 2018 , Gallego ran in a special election for the Texas State Senate District 19 , losing to Republican Pete Flores . Early career . After graduating from law school , Gallego became an assistant in the office of the state attorney general , before he returned to his hometown of Alpine to become a prosecutor . He was also an attorney at the law firm Brown McCarroll LLP , with an office in Austin . State legislature . Elected to the Texas House from District 74 in 1990 , Gallego was the first Hispanic to represent this vast border district . In 1991 , he became the first freshman member and the first ethnic minority member ever elected as chair of the House Democratic Caucus , a post he held until January 2001 . In the Texas House , Gallego served on the board of directors of the National Association of Latino Elected Officials ( NALEO ) , and four terms as Chairman of the Mexican American Legislative Caucus ( MALC ) , a caucus of Texas representatives who are of Mexican-American descent or who serve a significant Mexican-American constituency . In 2008 , Trey Martinez Fischer replaced Gallego as Chairman of MALC . Gallegos state legislative career included chairmanships of the General Investigating Committee and several select and subcommittees . He has also served as a member of the Committees on Appropriations , Calendars , Criminal Jurisprudence , Higher Education , and Elections . In 2008 , Gallego narrowly missed being elected Speaker of the Texas House . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . - 2012 Gallego announced his candidacy for the 23rd district in September 2011 . His state house district was virtually coextensive with the central portion of the congressional district ; indeed , he had represented almost all of the central portion of the congressional district at one time or another during his two decades in the state legislature . He finished second in the Democratic primary , behind former congressman Ciro Rodriguez , who had received Bill Clintons endorsement . He then defeated Rodriguez in the July 31 runoff election by a margin of 55-45 percent . During the course of his campaign , Gallego overhauled his campaign staff four times . In the general election , Gallego defeated Canseco with 50 percent of the vote to Cansecos 46 percent , a margin of 9,200 votes . While Gallego lost in Bexar County , home to more than half the districts population , he dominated his former state house district . The campaign between Gallego and Canseco was contentious , with Gallego alleging that Canseco was a right-wing extremist , and Canseco calling Gallego a radical environmentalist . Gallego was supported by the Blue Dog Coalition . - 2014 Gallego ran for re-election in 2014 . Facing no opposition from his own party , he won the Democratic primary on March 4 , 2014 . He faced Republican Will Hurd , an African American , in the general election . Gallego was a member of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committees Frontline Program . The program is designed to help protect vulnerable Democratic incumbents . He lost his bid for re-election to Republican Will Hurd by less than 2,500 votes . - 2018 In July 2017 , Gallego tested the waters as a potential 2018 candidate once more against Hurd . Reapportionment of the district could play a major role as to whether Gallego decided to enter the race . At least two other Democrats also considered running for their party nomination : Judith Canales , a former officer of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development from Eagle Pass , and Jay Hulings , a graduate of Harvard Law School and an assistant U.S . attorney in San Antonio . On September 1 , Gallego announced that he would not run in the 23rd district . Committee assignments . - Committee on Agriculture - Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities and Risk Management - Subcommittee on Livestock , Rural Development , and Credit - Committee on Armed Services - Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces - Subcommittee on Readiness Texas State Senate . In June 2018 , a special election was triggered in Texas State Senate District 19 after incumbent Carlos Uresti resigned . After an initial eight-way race and election on July 31 , in which no candidate received 50% of the vote , a runoff election was set between the top two candidates , Gallego and Republican Pete Flores . On September 18 , Gallego was defeated in the runoff election ; Flores received 53% of the vote , while Gallego received 47% . Political positions . Healthcare . Gallego opposes repeal of the Affordable Care Act and voted against repeal in May 2013 . Gallegos support for the Affordable Care Act has been attacked in advertisements by the Libre Initiative , a conservative Hispanic outreach group . Gallego opposes a Medicare voucher system and says that he supports Medicaid expansion and prescription drug negotiations . Abortion . Gallego supported an abortion law allowing minors to get an abortion with parental consent . Under the legislation a minor would have been able to bypass the requirement for parental consent by petitioning a judge . Immigration . Gallego has said that border security and immigration reform are two separate issues . He advocates improved worker accountability programs , using border security as an economic tool and aiding the current 11 million undocumented individuals in a path to citizenship , writing with several others in an opinion piece in the El Paso Times that , We can no longer delay immigration reform . The time to move forward is now . Gallego has said Most people dont really care where the idea comes from . They want action , they want something to happen , and theyre tired of the prolonged conversation . Gallego has expressed support for President Obamas immigration policies . He supports the DREAM Act . In 2014 , Gallego invited Speaker of the House John Boehner to the Southern Border to view the humanitarian crisis and discuss the matter with local border patrol agents and community members . Energy . Gallego has been supported by the Sierra Club and the League of Conservation Voters . According to Texas Climate News , Gallegos 2012 congressional victory earned the celebratory attention of climate-action advocates . Gallego has voiced support for renewable and clean energy sources . The Sierra Club called Gallego a clean energy champion . Mother Jones included Gallego in a list of the Top Five Climate Hawks who were elected to office in November 2012 . Sul Ross State . In May 2020 Chancellor Brian McCall announced Gallego as the sole finalist for becoming the 13th president of Sul Ross State ( SRSU ) . In June the regents confirmed him as the next president . He will be the first president to be a SRSU grad . He will face challenges of declining enrollment and naming controversy as the university he now heads is named for a Confederate General . Personal life . Born in Alpine , Gallego graduated from Sul Ross State University in 1982 with a bachelors degree in political science . In 1985 , he earned a J.D . from the University of Texas School of Law in Austin . In 2012 , Gallego began drawing pension benefits from the state of Texas in addition to his annual congressional salary of $174,000 .
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What organization did Marcia McNutt join in 2005?
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Marcia McNutt Marcia Kemper McNutt ( born February 19 , 1952 ) , , is an American geophysicist and the 22nd president of the National Academy of Sciences ( NAS ) of the United States . Previously , she served as editor-in-chief of the peer-reviewed journal Science from 2013 to 2016 . McNutt holds a visiting appointment at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography . She is a member of the National Academies of Sciences , Engineering , and Medicine advisory committee for the Division on Earth and Life Studies and the Forum on Open Science . McNutt chaired the NASEM climate intervention committee who delivered two reports in 2015 . McNutt was the 15th director of the United States Geological Survey ( USGS ) ( the first woman to hold the post ) as well as science adviser to the United States Secretary of the Interior . Before working for USGS , McNutt was president and chief executive officer of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute ( MBARI ) , an oceanographic research center in the United States , professor of marine geophysics at the Stanford University School of Earth Sciences and professor of marine geophysics at University of California , Santa Cruz . Family and education . McNutts father was a small business owner and her mother was a college-educated homemaker . In an interview with the National Academy of Sciences , McNutt said that in their household , womens education was a tradition and a norm , and that her parents encouraged McNutt and her sisters academically . She was valedictorian of her class at the Northrop Collegiate School ( now The Blake School ) in Minneapolis , graduating in 1970 . She received a bachelors degree in physics summa cum laude , Phi Beta Kappa , from Colorado College in 1973 . As a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellow , she then studied geophysics at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography where she earned a PhD in earth sciences in 1978 . Her dissertation was titled Continental and Oceanic Isostasy . McNutt is a National Association of Underwater Instructors ( NAUI ) -certified scuba diver and she trained in underwater demolition and explosives handling with the Underwater Demolition Team ( UDT ) of the United States Navy and the United States Navy SEALs . Marcia Kemper McNutt was married first to Marcel Hoffmann , who died in 1988 . They had three daughters : Meredith McNutt Hoffmann and identical twins Dana and Ashley Hoffmann . Ashley Hoffmann was Miss Rodeo California in 2009 . Marcia McNutt is also a horse enthusiast and enjoys barrel racing on her mare Lulu . McNutt is one of six women scientists featured in the 1995 PBS ( WGBH-TV ) series , Discovering Women . How she excelled in science with a household of young daughters and the help of housekeeper Ann and her daughter is described by Jocelyn Steinke in A portrait of a woman as a scientist : breaking down barriers created by gender-role stereotypes . McNutt and Ian Young , an MBARI ships captain , were married in 1996 . Early years . After a brief appointment at the University of Minnesota , McNutt worked for three years on earthquake prediction at the US Geological Survey in Menlo Park , California . In 1982 , she became assistant professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) and in 1988 was appointed Griswold Professor of Geophysics . She previously served as director of the Joint Program in Oceanography and Applied Ocean Science and Engineering , a cooperative effort of MIT and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution . Research . She participated in 15 major oceanographic expeditions and served as chief scientist on more than half of them . She published about 100 peer-reviewed scientific articles . Her research has included studies of ocean island volcanism in French Polynesia , continental break-up in the Western United States , and uplift of the Tibet plateau . McNutt has made notable contributions to the understanding of the rheology and strength of the lithosphere . She showed that young volcanoes could flex the lithosphere , influencing the elevation of nearby volcanoes , and used a 3-D analysis of topography and gravity data to show that the Australian plate could be strong on short time scales and weak on long scales . She also showed how subducting ocean plates could weaken and identified a large topographic feature called the South Pacific superswell . Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute . McNutt was president and CEO of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute ( MBARI ) from 1997 to 2009 . During that time the RV Western Flyer , MBARIs research vessel , made expeditions from Canada to Baja California and the Hawaiian Islands . MBARI built the Monterey Accelerated Research System ( MARS ) , the first deep-sea cabled observatory in the continental United States . U.S . Geological Survey . Appointment . In July 2009 , McNutt was announced as President Obamas nominee to be the next director of the United States Geological Survey and science adviser to the United States Secretary of the Interior . The Senate unanimously approved her nomination on October 21 . She was the first woman to lead the USGS since its establishment in 1879 . Secretary Ken Salazar endorsed McNutt for the position . In a television interview following Obamas announcement , McNutt said : BP oil spill . During her first year , four major events impacted USGS in quick succession : a magnitude 7.0 earthquake in Haiti , an 8.0 earthquake in Chile , the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull and the BP oil spill . In May 2010 , McNutt headed the Flow Rate Technical Group which attempted to measure the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico . Preliminary reports from the group said that the rate of the oil spill was at least twice and possibly up to five times as much as previously acknowledged . Subsequent estimates , based on six independent methodologies , were four times the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill . A refined estimate based on new pressure readings , data , and analysis , released by the United States Secretary of Energy Steven Chu and McNutt in August , said that 4.9 million barrels ( with uncertainty of plus or minus approximately 10 percent ) of oil had leaked from the well until it was capped on July 15 . The disaster was the largest ever accidental spill of oil into marine waters . In a two-day deposition during October 2012 , McNutt was questioned by lawyers for BP , for the Justice Department , for plaintiffs , and for the Gulf states . Subject to approval by U.S . federal courts , BP agreed to a settlement in November 2012 in which the company pleaded guilty to felony charges of misconduct or neglect concerning eleven deaths at the explosion site . The company agreed to pay US$4.5 billion including US$1.256 billion in criminal fines . As of 2012 , BP may still be liable for US$5.4 to US$31 billion in civil fines under the Clean Water Act and Oil Pollution Act . Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility . Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility ( PEER ) filed a lawsuit against the Department of the Interior and a complaint about a NOAA scientist in the Flow Rate Technical Group which McNutt led . The group felt that government scientists understated the flow rate of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill . USGS peer review process . McNutt participated in the reversal of a 2006 USGS policy that required agency scientists to submit their work to two internal reviewers and obtain a sign-off from a higher level official before submitting their work to external journals who then applied their own peer-review process . Scientists can now have both internal and external reviews simultaneously and the internal process is reduced to one internal review plus sign-off by the USGS Office of Science Quality and Integrity . Afghan mineral wealth . In September 2011 , a USGS team including Jack H . Medlin , Said Mirzad , Stephen G . Peters and Robert D . Tucker published a report which they presented at the Afghan embassy in Washington , DC , detailing 57 information packages about Areas of Interest ( AOIs ) that total at least 1,000,000 metric tons of untapped mineral deposits they have found in Afghanistan . Scientific American speculated that replacing opium and Taliban strongholds with a mining bonanza could change U.S . foreign policy and world stability . This report , which points to resources that The New York Times said in 2010 were worth 1 trillion , was put into the public domain . McNutt said at the time : Map of Jupiters moon Io . In 2011 and online in 2012 , USGS released a geologic surface map of Jupiters moon Io , which is the most volcanically active body in our solar system , about twenty-five times more active than earth . David Williams of Arizona State University was the project lead . The maps are made of the best images from NASAs Voyager 1 and 2 missions ( acquired in 1979 ) as well as the spacecraft Galileo ( 1995–2003 ) named for Galileo Galilei who discovered Jupiters moons in 1610 . McNutt said : Animal extinction and disease . In 2012 , USGS declared the blue-tailed skink named Emoia impar extinct because none have been observed in their home the Hawaiian Islands since the 1960s . McNutt , quoted by John Platt for Scientific American , said : In a press release , McNutt introduced a lecture by David Blehert , a USGS research scientist , speaking on white nose syndrome which may afflict six species of North American bats and may have far-reaching ecological consequences : McNutt commented on work by lead researcher Carol Meteyer and others from the USGS National Wildlife Health Center and the National Institutes of Health in November 2012 : Federal Big Data initiative . McNutt spoke on a panel of leaders of US agencies ( OSTP , NSF , NIH , DOE , DOD , DARPA and USGS ) who rolled out the Obama administrations Big Data Research and Development Initiative . Tom Kalil of the Office of Science and Technology Policy said , By improving our ability to extract knowledge and insights from large and complex collections of digital data , the initiative promises to help accelerate the pace of discovery in science and engineering , strengthen our national security , and transform teaching and learning . USGS announced the latest awardees for grants it issues through its John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis . Energy : fossil fuels , fracking and biofuel . Reuters reported that USGS released into the public domain a new estimate of the worlds oil and gas resources , the first such report since 2000 . Excluding the U.S . the USGS found : 565 billion barrels of conventional oil and 5,606 trillion cubic feet of undiscovered conventional natural gas in 171 priority geologic provinces of the world . The report said about 75% of the resources are in four places : South America and the Caribbean , sub-Saharan Africa , the Middle East and North Africa , and the North American Arctic . In particular , this assessment underscores the importance of continuing to strengthen our energy partnerships in the Western Hemisphere with nations like Brazil.. . said secretary Salazar . Bloomberg News reported that during her testimony in March 2012 , McNutt told the United States House Committee on Natural Resources that less than 1 percent of wells drilled to dispose of the water after fracking causes induced seismicity . McNutt said more information would reduce the risk of induced earthquakes in a year or two . She said : United Press International reported in March 2012 that USGS has developed a tool that can map grasslands using remote sensing data from satellites . The technique will help if and when global demand for biofuel products increases as an alternative to fossil fuels . McNutt said in a statement that the study : Earthquakes : hazard reduction , drill , research . In cooperation with the Department of Veterans Affairs , USGS continued to monitor and record in detail the performance of veterans hospital buildings during earthquakes . Recently , two buildings were fitted with sensors at the Memphis VA Medical Center which is within the range of the New Madrid Seismic Zone , the most active earthquake zone in the Eastern United States . USGS works with the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program ( NEHRP ) led by the National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST ) both to monitor buildings during earthquake events and to help design safer hospitals in the future . On October 18 , 2012 , McNutt , Bill Leith of USGS and Michael Mahoney of the Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA ) continued earthquake practice at the ShakeOut at the Langston Hughes Middle School in Reston , Virginia . Participants learn to drop , cover , and hold on to protect themselves during an earthquake . Millions of people have participated since the event started in 2008 . Going through drills makes it second nature for the students in the event of an actual emergency , McNutt said of The Great American Shake-Out event held in February 2013 in eight US states that border on the New Madrid Seismic Zone . USGS promised up to US$7 million in grants for earthquake research in 2013 . The agency has funded about 90 such grants which , for example , cataloged southern California earthquakes to better prepare emergency responders , the public and the media . Projects also provided seismic hazard estimates for safer buildings and roads , and provided data on ground shaking to help minimize damage . Landsat . NASA and USGS launched Landsat 8 on February 11 , 2013 , to continue their 40-year record of providing images for land use and climate change ( about 9 million images as of 2013 ) . McNutt wrote that Landsat 8 enhances USGSs position as land steward for the United States . Departure . McNutt directed USGS from 2009 until 2013 , when she announced her departure to USGS staff members . She said at the time that she would leave after the launch of Landsat 8 and that Suzette Kimball would serve as the acting director . Exit summary . McNutts announcement included a 21-point summary of her tenure which she prepared for Secretary Salazar . Among achievements listed were realignment of USGS management , eight DOI Climate Science Centers , the first national water census on water use and availability , a California prototype of Earthquake Early Warning , publication of the first two of the biological carbon sequestration reports , and various means of advancing US energy independence . Science tenure . Open access : Science Advances . As editor in chief , McNutt led the editorial team at Science in their decision to enter the world of open access publishing . Beginning in 2015 , they expect to publish several thousand articles per year in the online only , open access journal Science Advances ( compared to Science which can publish less than one thousand per year , accepting about 6% of submissions ) . McNutt told Library Journal that they were searching for a solution to licensing , perhaps one license acceptable to all authors or perhaps offering a menu of licenses so each community can choose . Keystone XL . McNutt initially sided with environmentalists who opposed approval of the Keystone Pipeline . In an interview for NPRs Morning Edition in 2014 , she explained why she changed her mind and published an editorial in favor . First , the oil is already being transported for example by truck and train , using more fossil fuels than the pipeline would use . Second , she thinks concessions can be made in exchange for approving the pipeline , for example requiring a limit on carbon emissions when converting the tar sands to liquid for transport in the pipeline , and demanding that the pipeline be the safest ever built . Finally , because the pipeline is the very least expensive mode of transport , she found a potential revenue stream in the money saved by the pipeline which she thinks should be used to fund renewable energy in the U.S . Climate engineering . Several U.S . agencies including the Central Intelligence Agency requested that the U.S . government study climate engineering and so the committee that McNutt chairs was born of the National Academy of Sciences . Ken Caldeira , who also sits on the committee , and David Keith are eager to try out ideas , in part spurred by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory funded by Bill Gates who is an enthusiast of climate engineering research . McNutt cautioned that government-sponsored field tests may not happen . Whether we wind up using these technologies , or someone else does and we suddenly find ourselves in a geo-engineered world , we have to better understand the impacts and the consequences . Meeting with Li Keqiang in China . Premier of the Peoples Republic of China , Li Keqiang requested a meeting with McNutt , as editor in chief of Science , to discuss science as part of her trip to China in January 2014 . The meeting was scheduled for 30 minutes and the rules specified no US reporters present and the topics of science and the economy , not politics . They talked on 13 January at Ziguangge , Zhongnanhai in Beijing . Li answered questions from McNutt about space exploration , Chinas scientific cooperation with other developing countries , climate change , education , and environmental protection . Science published a transcript of the 70 minute meeting . Statistical review . With a goal to improve the reproducibility of its published research , McNutt announced in 2014 that Science had added statistical checks to its peer-review process . Based on collaboration with the American Statistical Association , the journal appointed seven experts to a Statistics Board of Reviewing who are responsible for securing outside statisticians to review potential Science articles . Cover photo and controversies . The cover of the 11 July 2014 issue depicted three transgender sex workers from Indonesia with their heads cropped out . Citing she tricked me and the trans panic defense sometimes used by perpetrators , The Washington Post noted that transgender people are 30 percent more likely than others to be the victims of violence . Numerous people objected in their blogs . Congresswoman Jackie Speier objected in a letter to the publisher . Science CEO and publisher Alan Leshner apologized to Speier and termed the cover regrettable . McNutt apologized on Twitter and in Science for any discomfort that this cover may have caused anyone and gave her : promise that we will strive to do much better in the future to be sensitive to all groups and not assume that context and intent will speak for themselves . The cover ( and unfortunate response from the former editor of ScienceCareers ) and two other columns provoked Aradhna Tripati , Jennifer Glass , Lenny Teytelman , and 600 other scientists to send a letter in 2015 to Science accusing the journal of perpetuating sexist stereotypes . In one column , Alice S . Huang , the former president of Sciences publisher , the American Association for the Advancement of Science , advised a female postdoctoral fellow not to complain about her supervisor , whose habit was trying to look down the womans shirt , as long as the supervisor didnt develop other advances . In another , the chief biochemist at Torontos University Health Network said he was promoted because his wife had given up her career and PhD to support him . McNutt published a formal apology in July 2015 , and said that she thought Science should start an advisory board made up of young scientists who might be in tune with the issues . Support for science . In June 2014 , the US National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) together with Nature Publishing Group and Science held a workshop on the reproducibility and rigor of research findings . More than 30 participants , who all publish preclinical biological research , codified a set of principles that will advance and support research that is reproducible , robust , and transparent . The principles are endorsed by 78 associations , journals and societies who all agreed to them . in January 2015 , the Pew Research Center published a poll representing the public and a sample of scientists connected to the American Association for the Advancement of Science ( AAAS ) . The public and scientists disagreed quite dramatically on 12 out of 13 issues covered in the survey . On the occasion of Pews publication , writer Joel Achenbach asked McNutt for her input on a National Geographic feature article , Why Do Many Reasonable People Doubt Science? . McNutt neatly gave this definition : Science is not a body of facts . Science is a method for deciding whether what we choose to believe has a basis in the laws of nature or not . Retraction . In May 2015 , McNutt and Science retracted a December 2014 study , When contact changes minds : An experiment on transmission of support for gay equality . Donald Green requested the retraction after asking for and not receiving the study data from his coauthor Michael LaCour . Family of journals expands . In 2015 , Science announced the expansion of its family of journals to include Science Robotics and Science Immunology . Both were expected to begin publication in mid-2016 . The first issue of Science Immunology was published in July 2016 , while the first issue of Science Robotics was published in December 2016 . National Academy of Sciences . In July 2015 , McNutt was nominated to stand for election as president of the National Academy of Sciences . She was elected to a six-year term beginning July 1 , 2016 and ending June 30 , 2022 . Climate intervention . McNutt chaired the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Geoengineering Climate : Technical Evaluation and Discussion of Impacts , whose sixteen scientists published their findings on climate geoengineering in February 2015 . The committee decided to issue two complementary reports , one on mitigating carbon dioxide emissions , and one on albedo modification . They agreed to call the process intervention , which implies an action intended to improve , rather than management or geoengineering which imply control that people dont have . Of the reports six recommendations , the first is that right now we can and should work toward mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and on adapting to the impacts of climate change . This work was supported by the U.S . intelligence community , the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) , the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) , the United States Department of Energy ( DOE ) , and the National Academy of Sciences . At the press briefing on the release of the reports , McNutt expressed preference for the first report over the second : mitigation and adaptation are the way forward ( explaining that albedo modification carries unknown environmental and governance risks ) . Workshop with Pope Francis . In May 2014 , McNutt and a group of international scholars and scientists participated in a workshop with Pope Francis organized by the Pontifical Academy of Sciences and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences . By invitation , McNutt presented a paper , The Risks of Rising Seas to Coastal Populations . In a September editorial in Science , McNutt discussed future habitability and sustainability of this planet and advocated for United Nations Sustainable Development Goals which the group wished to adopt . She was a signatory of the workshop report . In advance of the Laudato si papal encyclical of May–June 2015 , the leadership council of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network , of which McNutt is a member , released eight criteria for climate change mitigation , which they hoped would be addressed by the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference . Awards and honors . McNutt was elected a Foreign member of the Royal Society , and a member of the National Academy of Sciences , the American Philosophical Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . She is a fellow for the American Geophysical Union , the Geological Society of America , the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the International Association of Geodesy . She is a past president of the American Geophysical Union ( 2000–2002 ) and current president of the National Academy of Sciences ( 2016-2022 ) . She holds honorary doctorates from Indiana University ( 2021 ) , Boston University ( 2019 ) , Worcester Polytechnic Institute ( 2018 ) , Michigan State University ( 2018 ) , Colorado School of Mines ( 2011 ) Monmouth University ( 2010 ) , the University of Minnesota ( 2004 ) , and Colorado College ( 1989 ) . McNutt was also recognized as an Outstanding Alumni in 2004 by the University of California , San Diego . She chaired the Presidents Panel on Ocean Exploration under President Bill Clinton . McNutt chaired the board of governors of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions which merged to become Consortium for Ocean Leadership for which she was trustee . She serves on evaluation and advisory boards for institutions including the Monterey Bay Aquarium , Stanford University , Harvard University and Science magazine , and the Journal of Science Policy and Governance . In 1988 , McNutt won the Macelwane Medal from the American Geophysical Union , presented for outstanding research by a young scientist , and in 2007 she won the AGUs Maurice Ewing Medal for her contributions to deep-sea exploration and her leadership role in the ocean sciences . In 2002 , Discover magazine named McNutt one of the top fifty women in science . In 2003 she was named Scientist of the Year by the ARCS Foundation . The United States Coast Guard awarded the Meritorious Service Medal to McNutt for her service during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill . McNutt is a member of the 2012 USA Science & Engineering Festivals Nifty Fifty , a collection of the most influential scientists and engineers in the United States that are dedicated to reinvigorating the interest of young people in science and engineering . McNutt won the 2017 DRI Nevada Medal . In 2021 , was elected as a member of the National Academy of Engineering for elucidation of lithosphere geomechanics and leadership in earth resources engineering .
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What organization did Marcia McNutt join in 2016?
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Marcia McNutt Marcia Kemper McNutt ( born February 19 , 1952 ) , , is an American geophysicist and the 22nd president of the National Academy of Sciences ( NAS ) of the United States . Previously , she served as editor-in-chief of the peer-reviewed journal Science from 2013 to 2016 . McNutt holds a visiting appointment at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography . She is a member of the National Academies of Sciences , Engineering , and Medicine advisory committee for the Division on Earth and Life Studies and the Forum on Open Science . McNutt chaired the NASEM climate intervention committee who delivered two reports in 2015 . McNutt was the 15th director of the United States Geological Survey ( USGS ) ( the first woman to hold the post ) as well as science adviser to the United States Secretary of the Interior . Before working for USGS , McNutt was president and chief executive officer of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute ( MBARI ) , an oceanographic research center in the United States , professor of marine geophysics at the Stanford University School of Earth Sciences and professor of marine geophysics at University of California , Santa Cruz . Family and education . McNutts father was a small business owner and her mother was a college-educated homemaker . In an interview with the National Academy of Sciences , McNutt said that in their household , womens education was a tradition and a norm , and that her parents encouraged McNutt and her sisters academically . She was valedictorian of her class at the Northrop Collegiate School ( now The Blake School ) in Minneapolis , graduating in 1970 . She received a bachelors degree in physics summa cum laude , Phi Beta Kappa , from Colorado College in 1973 . As a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellow , she then studied geophysics at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography where she earned a PhD in earth sciences in 1978 . Her dissertation was titled Continental and Oceanic Isostasy . McNutt is a National Association of Underwater Instructors ( NAUI ) -certified scuba diver and she trained in underwater demolition and explosives handling with the Underwater Demolition Team ( UDT ) of the United States Navy and the United States Navy SEALs . Marcia Kemper McNutt was married first to Marcel Hoffmann , who died in 1988 . They had three daughters : Meredith McNutt Hoffmann and identical twins Dana and Ashley Hoffmann . Ashley Hoffmann was Miss Rodeo California in 2009 . Marcia McNutt is also a horse enthusiast and enjoys barrel racing on her mare Lulu . McNutt is one of six women scientists featured in the 1995 PBS ( WGBH-TV ) series , Discovering Women . How she excelled in science with a household of young daughters and the help of housekeeper Ann and her daughter is described by Jocelyn Steinke in A portrait of a woman as a scientist : breaking down barriers created by gender-role stereotypes . McNutt and Ian Young , an MBARI ships captain , were married in 1996 . Early years . After a brief appointment at the University of Minnesota , McNutt worked for three years on earthquake prediction at the US Geological Survey in Menlo Park , California . In 1982 , she became assistant professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) and in 1988 was appointed Griswold Professor of Geophysics . She previously served as director of the Joint Program in Oceanography and Applied Ocean Science and Engineering , a cooperative effort of MIT and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution . Research . She participated in 15 major oceanographic expeditions and served as chief scientist on more than half of them . She published about 100 peer-reviewed scientific articles . Her research has included studies of ocean island volcanism in French Polynesia , continental break-up in the Western United States , and uplift of the Tibet plateau . McNutt has made notable contributions to the understanding of the rheology and strength of the lithosphere . She showed that young volcanoes could flex the lithosphere , influencing the elevation of nearby volcanoes , and used a 3-D analysis of topography and gravity data to show that the Australian plate could be strong on short time scales and weak on long scales . She also showed how subducting ocean plates could weaken and identified a large topographic feature called the South Pacific superswell . Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute . McNutt was president and CEO of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute ( MBARI ) from 1997 to 2009 . During that time the RV Western Flyer , MBARIs research vessel , made expeditions from Canada to Baja California and the Hawaiian Islands . MBARI built the Monterey Accelerated Research System ( MARS ) , the first deep-sea cabled observatory in the continental United States . U.S . Geological Survey . Appointment . In July 2009 , McNutt was announced as President Obamas nominee to be the next director of the United States Geological Survey and science adviser to the United States Secretary of the Interior . The Senate unanimously approved her nomination on October 21 . She was the first woman to lead the USGS since its establishment in 1879 . Secretary Ken Salazar endorsed McNutt for the position . In a television interview following Obamas announcement , McNutt said : BP oil spill . During her first year , four major events impacted USGS in quick succession : a magnitude 7.0 earthquake in Haiti , an 8.0 earthquake in Chile , the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull and the BP oil spill . In May 2010 , McNutt headed the Flow Rate Technical Group which attempted to measure the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico . Preliminary reports from the group said that the rate of the oil spill was at least twice and possibly up to five times as much as previously acknowledged . Subsequent estimates , based on six independent methodologies , were four times the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill . A refined estimate based on new pressure readings , data , and analysis , released by the United States Secretary of Energy Steven Chu and McNutt in August , said that 4.9 million barrels ( with uncertainty of plus or minus approximately 10 percent ) of oil had leaked from the well until it was capped on July 15 . The disaster was the largest ever accidental spill of oil into marine waters . In a two-day deposition during October 2012 , McNutt was questioned by lawyers for BP , for the Justice Department , for plaintiffs , and for the Gulf states . Subject to approval by U.S . federal courts , BP agreed to a settlement in November 2012 in which the company pleaded guilty to felony charges of misconduct or neglect concerning eleven deaths at the explosion site . The company agreed to pay US$4.5 billion including US$1.256 billion in criminal fines . As of 2012 , BP may still be liable for US$5.4 to US$31 billion in civil fines under the Clean Water Act and Oil Pollution Act . Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility . Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility ( PEER ) filed a lawsuit against the Department of the Interior and a complaint about a NOAA scientist in the Flow Rate Technical Group which McNutt led . The group felt that government scientists understated the flow rate of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill . USGS peer review process . McNutt participated in the reversal of a 2006 USGS policy that required agency scientists to submit their work to two internal reviewers and obtain a sign-off from a higher level official before submitting their work to external journals who then applied their own peer-review process . Scientists can now have both internal and external reviews simultaneously and the internal process is reduced to one internal review plus sign-off by the USGS Office of Science Quality and Integrity . Afghan mineral wealth . In September 2011 , a USGS team including Jack H . Medlin , Said Mirzad , Stephen G . Peters and Robert D . Tucker published a report which they presented at the Afghan embassy in Washington , DC , detailing 57 information packages about Areas of Interest ( AOIs ) that total at least 1,000,000 metric tons of untapped mineral deposits they have found in Afghanistan . Scientific American speculated that replacing opium and Taliban strongholds with a mining bonanza could change U.S . foreign policy and world stability . This report , which points to resources that The New York Times said in 2010 were worth 1 trillion , was put into the public domain . McNutt said at the time : Map of Jupiters moon Io . In 2011 and online in 2012 , USGS released a geologic surface map of Jupiters moon Io , which is the most volcanically active body in our solar system , about twenty-five times more active than earth . David Williams of Arizona State University was the project lead . The maps are made of the best images from NASAs Voyager 1 and 2 missions ( acquired in 1979 ) as well as the spacecraft Galileo ( 1995–2003 ) named for Galileo Galilei who discovered Jupiters moons in 1610 . McNutt said : Animal extinction and disease . In 2012 , USGS declared the blue-tailed skink named Emoia impar extinct because none have been observed in their home the Hawaiian Islands since the 1960s . McNutt , quoted by John Platt for Scientific American , said : In a press release , McNutt introduced a lecture by David Blehert , a USGS research scientist , speaking on white nose syndrome which may afflict six species of North American bats and may have far-reaching ecological consequences : McNutt commented on work by lead researcher Carol Meteyer and others from the USGS National Wildlife Health Center and the National Institutes of Health in November 2012 : Federal Big Data initiative . McNutt spoke on a panel of leaders of US agencies ( OSTP , NSF , NIH , DOE , DOD , DARPA and USGS ) who rolled out the Obama administrations Big Data Research and Development Initiative . Tom Kalil of the Office of Science and Technology Policy said , By improving our ability to extract knowledge and insights from large and complex collections of digital data , the initiative promises to help accelerate the pace of discovery in science and engineering , strengthen our national security , and transform teaching and learning . USGS announced the latest awardees for grants it issues through its John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis . Energy : fossil fuels , fracking and biofuel . Reuters reported that USGS released into the public domain a new estimate of the worlds oil and gas resources , the first such report since 2000 . Excluding the U.S . the USGS found : 565 billion barrels of conventional oil and 5,606 trillion cubic feet of undiscovered conventional natural gas in 171 priority geologic provinces of the world . The report said about 75% of the resources are in four places : South America and the Caribbean , sub-Saharan Africa , the Middle East and North Africa , and the North American Arctic . In particular , this assessment underscores the importance of continuing to strengthen our energy partnerships in the Western Hemisphere with nations like Brazil.. . said secretary Salazar . Bloomberg News reported that during her testimony in March 2012 , McNutt told the United States House Committee on Natural Resources that less than 1 percent of wells drilled to dispose of the water after fracking causes induced seismicity . McNutt said more information would reduce the risk of induced earthquakes in a year or two . She said : United Press International reported in March 2012 that USGS has developed a tool that can map grasslands using remote sensing data from satellites . The technique will help if and when global demand for biofuel products increases as an alternative to fossil fuels . McNutt said in a statement that the study : Earthquakes : hazard reduction , drill , research . In cooperation with the Department of Veterans Affairs , USGS continued to monitor and record in detail the performance of veterans hospital buildings during earthquakes . Recently , two buildings were fitted with sensors at the Memphis VA Medical Center which is within the range of the New Madrid Seismic Zone , the most active earthquake zone in the Eastern United States . USGS works with the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program ( NEHRP ) led by the National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST ) both to monitor buildings during earthquake events and to help design safer hospitals in the future . On October 18 , 2012 , McNutt , Bill Leith of USGS and Michael Mahoney of the Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA ) continued earthquake practice at the ShakeOut at the Langston Hughes Middle School in Reston , Virginia . Participants learn to drop , cover , and hold on to protect themselves during an earthquake . Millions of people have participated since the event started in 2008 . Going through drills makes it second nature for the students in the event of an actual emergency , McNutt said of The Great American Shake-Out event held in February 2013 in eight US states that border on the New Madrid Seismic Zone . USGS promised up to US$7 million in grants for earthquake research in 2013 . The agency has funded about 90 such grants which , for example , cataloged southern California earthquakes to better prepare emergency responders , the public and the media . Projects also provided seismic hazard estimates for safer buildings and roads , and provided data on ground shaking to help minimize damage . Landsat . NASA and USGS launched Landsat 8 on February 11 , 2013 , to continue their 40-year record of providing images for land use and climate change ( about 9 million images as of 2013 ) . McNutt wrote that Landsat 8 enhances USGSs position as land steward for the United States . Departure . McNutt directed USGS from 2009 until 2013 , when she announced her departure to USGS staff members . She said at the time that she would leave after the launch of Landsat 8 and that Suzette Kimball would serve as the acting director . Exit summary . McNutts announcement included a 21-point summary of her tenure which she prepared for Secretary Salazar . Among achievements listed were realignment of USGS management , eight DOI Climate Science Centers , the first national water census on water use and availability , a California prototype of Earthquake Early Warning , publication of the first two of the biological carbon sequestration reports , and various means of advancing US energy independence . Science tenure . Open access : Science Advances . As editor in chief , McNutt led the editorial team at Science in their decision to enter the world of open access publishing . Beginning in 2015 , they expect to publish several thousand articles per year in the online only , open access journal Science Advances ( compared to Science which can publish less than one thousand per year , accepting about 6% of submissions ) . McNutt told Library Journal that they were searching for a solution to licensing , perhaps one license acceptable to all authors or perhaps offering a menu of licenses so each community can choose . Keystone XL . McNutt initially sided with environmentalists who opposed approval of the Keystone Pipeline . In an interview for NPRs Morning Edition in 2014 , she explained why she changed her mind and published an editorial in favor . First , the oil is already being transported for example by truck and train , using more fossil fuels than the pipeline would use . Second , she thinks concessions can be made in exchange for approving the pipeline , for example requiring a limit on carbon emissions when converting the tar sands to liquid for transport in the pipeline , and demanding that the pipeline be the safest ever built . Finally , because the pipeline is the very least expensive mode of transport , she found a potential revenue stream in the money saved by the pipeline which she thinks should be used to fund renewable energy in the U.S . Climate engineering . Several U.S . agencies including the Central Intelligence Agency requested that the U.S . government study climate engineering and so the committee that McNutt chairs was born of the National Academy of Sciences . Ken Caldeira , who also sits on the committee , and David Keith are eager to try out ideas , in part spurred by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory funded by Bill Gates who is an enthusiast of climate engineering research . McNutt cautioned that government-sponsored field tests may not happen . Whether we wind up using these technologies , or someone else does and we suddenly find ourselves in a geo-engineered world , we have to better understand the impacts and the consequences . Meeting with Li Keqiang in China . Premier of the Peoples Republic of China , Li Keqiang requested a meeting with McNutt , as editor in chief of Science , to discuss science as part of her trip to China in January 2014 . The meeting was scheduled for 30 minutes and the rules specified no US reporters present and the topics of science and the economy , not politics . They talked on 13 January at Ziguangge , Zhongnanhai in Beijing . Li answered questions from McNutt about space exploration , Chinas scientific cooperation with other developing countries , climate change , education , and environmental protection . Science published a transcript of the 70 minute meeting . Statistical review . With a goal to improve the reproducibility of its published research , McNutt announced in 2014 that Science had added statistical checks to its peer-review process . Based on collaboration with the American Statistical Association , the journal appointed seven experts to a Statistics Board of Reviewing who are responsible for securing outside statisticians to review potential Science articles . Cover photo and controversies . The cover of the 11 July 2014 issue depicted three transgender sex workers from Indonesia with their heads cropped out . Citing she tricked me and the trans panic defense sometimes used by perpetrators , The Washington Post noted that transgender people are 30 percent more likely than others to be the victims of violence . Numerous people objected in their blogs . Congresswoman Jackie Speier objected in a letter to the publisher . Science CEO and publisher Alan Leshner apologized to Speier and termed the cover regrettable . McNutt apologized on Twitter and in Science for any discomfort that this cover may have caused anyone and gave her : promise that we will strive to do much better in the future to be sensitive to all groups and not assume that context and intent will speak for themselves . The cover ( and unfortunate response from the former editor of ScienceCareers ) and two other columns provoked Aradhna Tripati , Jennifer Glass , Lenny Teytelman , and 600 other scientists to send a letter in 2015 to Science accusing the journal of perpetuating sexist stereotypes . In one column , Alice S . Huang , the former president of Sciences publisher , the American Association for the Advancement of Science , advised a female postdoctoral fellow not to complain about her supervisor , whose habit was trying to look down the womans shirt , as long as the supervisor didnt develop other advances . In another , the chief biochemist at Torontos University Health Network said he was promoted because his wife had given up her career and PhD to support him . McNutt published a formal apology in July 2015 , and said that she thought Science should start an advisory board made up of young scientists who might be in tune with the issues . Support for science . In June 2014 , the US National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) together with Nature Publishing Group and Science held a workshop on the reproducibility and rigor of research findings . More than 30 participants , who all publish preclinical biological research , codified a set of principles that will advance and support research that is reproducible , robust , and transparent . The principles are endorsed by 78 associations , journals and societies who all agreed to them . in January 2015 , the Pew Research Center published a poll representing the public and a sample of scientists connected to the American Association for the Advancement of Science ( AAAS ) . The public and scientists disagreed quite dramatically on 12 out of 13 issues covered in the survey . On the occasion of Pews publication , writer Joel Achenbach asked McNutt for her input on a National Geographic feature article , Why Do Many Reasonable People Doubt Science? . McNutt neatly gave this definition : Science is not a body of facts . Science is a method for deciding whether what we choose to believe has a basis in the laws of nature or not . Retraction . In May 2015 , McNutt and Science retracted a December 2014 study , When contact changes minds : An experiment on transmission of support for gay equality . Donald Green requested the retraction after asking for and not receiving the study data from his coauthor Michael LaCour . Family of journals expands . In 2015 , Science announced the expansion of its family of journals to include Science Robotics and Science Immunology . Both were expected to begin publication in mid-2016 . The first issue of Science Immunology was published in July 2016 , while the first issue of Science Robotics was published in December 2016 . National Academy of Sciences . In July 2015 , McNutt was nominated to stand for election as president of the National Academy of Sciences . She was elected to a six-year term beginning July 1 , 2016 and ending June 30 , 2022 . Climate intervention . McNutt chaired the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Geoengineering Climate : Technical Evaluation and Discussion of Impacts , whose sixteen scientists published their findings on climate geoengineering in February 2015 . The committee decided to issue two complementary reports , one on mitigating carbon dioxide emissions , and one on albedo modification . They agreed to call the process intervention , which implies an action intended to improve , rather than management or geoengineering which imply control that people dont have . Of the reports six recommendations , the first is that right now we can and should work toward mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and on adapting to the impacts of climate change . This work was supported by the U.S . intelligence community , the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) , the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) , the United States Department of Energy ( DOE ) , and the National Academy of Sciences . At the press briefing on the release of the reports , McNutt expressed preference for the first report over the second : mitigation and adaptation are the way forward ( explaining that albedo modification carries unknown environmental and governance risks ) . Workshop with Pope Francis . In May 2014 , McNutt and a group of international scholars and scientists participated in a workshop with Pope Francis organized by the Pontifical Academy of Sciences and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences . By invitation , McNutt presented a paper , The Risks of Rising Seas to Coastal Populations . In a September editorial in Science , McNutt discussed future habitability and sustainability of this planet and advocated for United Nations Sustainable Development Goals which the group wished to adopt . She was a signatory of the workshop report . In advance of the Laudato si papal encyclical of May–June 2015 , the leadership council of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network , of which McNutt is a member , released eight criteria for climate change mitigation , which they hoped would be addressed by the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference . Awards and honors . McNutt was elected a Foreign member of the Royal Society , and a member of the National Academy of Sciences , the American Philosophical Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . She is a fellow for the American Geophysical Union , the Geological Society of America , the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the International Association of Geodesy . She is a past president of the American Geophysical Union ( 2000–2002 ) and current president of the National Academy of Sciences ( 2016-2022 ) . She holds honorary doctorates from Indiana University ( 2021 ) , Boston University ( 2019 ) , Worcester Polytechnic Institute ( 2018 ) , Michigan State University ( 2018 ) , Colorado School of Mines ( 2011 ) Monmouth University ( 2010 ) , the University of Minnesota ( 2004 ) , and Colorado College ( 1989 ) . McNutt was also recognized as an Outstanding Alumni in 2004 by the University of California , San Diego . She chaired the Presidents Panel on Ocean Exploration under President Bill Clinton . McNutt chaired the board of governors of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions which merged to become Consortium for Ocean Leadership for which she was trustee . She serves on evaluation and advisory boards for institutions including the Monterey Bay Aquarium , Stanford University , Harvard University and Science magazine , and the Journal of Science Policy and Governance . In 1988 , McNutt won the Macelwane Medal from the American Geophysical Union , presented for outstanding research by a young scientist , and in 2007 she won the AGUs Maurice Ewing Medal for her contributions to deep-sea exploration and her leadership role in the ocean sciences . In 2002 , Discover magazine named McNutt one of the top fifty women in science . In 2003 she was named Scientist of the Year by the ARCS Foundation . The United States Coast Guard awarded the Meritorious Service Medal to McNutt for her service during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill . McNutt is a member of the 2012 USA Science & Engineering Festivals Nifty Fifty , a collection of the most influential scientists and engineers in the United States that are dedicated to reinvigorating the interest of young people in science and engineering . McNutt won the 2017 DRI Nevada Medal . In 2021 , was elected as a member of the National Academy of Engineering for elucidation of lithosphere geomechanics and leadership in earth resources engineering .
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Marcia McNutt Marcia Kemper McNutt ( born February 19 , 1952 ) , , is an American geophysicist and the 22nd president of the National Academy of Sciences ( NAS ) of the United States . Previously , she served as editor-in-chief of the peer-reviewed journal Science from 2013 to 2016 . McNutt holds a visiting appointment at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography . She is a member of the National Academies of Sciences , Engineering , and Medicine advisory committee for the Division on Earth and Life Studies and the Forum on Open Science . McNutt chaired the NASEM climate intervention committee who delivered two reports in 2015 . McNutt was the 15th director of the United States Geological Survey ( USGS ) ( the first woman to hold the post ) as well as science adviser to the United States Secretary of the Interior . Before working for USGS , McNutt was president and chief executive officer of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute ( MBARI ) , an oceanographic research center in the United States , professor of marine geophysics at the Stanford University School of Earth Sciences and professor of marine geophysics at University of California , Santa Cruz . Family and education . McNutts father was a small business owner and her mother was a college-educated homemaker . In an interview with the National Academy of Sciences , McNutt said that in their household , womens education was a tradition and a norm , and that her parents encouraged McNutt and her sisters academically . She was valedictorian of her class at the Northrop Collegiate School ( now The Blake School ) in Minneapolis , graduating in 1970 . She received a bachelors degree in physics summa cum laude , Phi Beta Kappa , from Colorado College in 1973 . As a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellow , she then studied geophysics at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography where she earned a PhD in earth sciences in 1978 . Her dissertation was titled Continental and Oceanic Isostasy . McNutt is a National Association of Underwater Instructors ( NAUI ) -certified scuba diver and she trained in underwater demolition and explosives handling with the Underwater Demolition Team ( UDT ) of the United States Navy and the United States Navy SEALs . Marcia Kemper McNutt was married first to Marcel Hoffmann , who died in 1988 . They had three daughters : Meredith McNutt Hoffmann and identical twins Dana and Ashley Hoffmann . Ashley Hoffmann was Miss Rodeo California in 2009 . Marcia McNutt is also a horse enthusiast and enjoys barrel racing on her mare Lulu . McNutt is one of six women scientists featured in the 1995 PBS ( WGBH-TV ) series , Discovering Women . How she excelled in science with a household of young daughters and the help of housekeeper Ann and her daughter is described by Jocelyn Steinke in A portrait of a woman as a scientist : breaking down barriers created by gender-role stereotypes . McNutt and Ian Young , an MBARI ships captain , were married in 1996 . Early years . After a brief appointment at the University of Minnesota , McNutt worked for three years on earthquake prediction at the US Geological Survey in Menlo Park , California . In 1982 , she became assistant professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) and in 1988 was appointed Griswold Professor of Geophysics . She previously served as director of the Joint Program in Oceanography and Applied Ocean Science and Engineering , a cooperative effort of MIT and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution . Research . She participated in 15 major oceanographic expeditions and served as chief scientist on more than half of them . She published about 100 peer-reviewed scientific articles . Her research has included studies of ocean island volcanism in French Polynesia , continental break-up in the Western United States , and uplift of the Tibet plateau . McNutt has made notable contributions to the understanding of the rheology and strength of the lithosphere . She showed that young volcanoes could flex the lithosphere , influencing the elevation of nearby volcanoes , and used a 3-D analysis of topography and gravity data to show that the Australian plate could be strong on short time scales and weak on long scales . She also showed how subducting ocean plates could weaken and identified a large topographic feature called the South Pacific superswell . Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute . McNutt was president and CEO of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute ( MBARI ) from 1997 to 2009 . During that time the RV Western Flyer , MBARIs research vessel , made expeditions from Canada to Baja California and the Hawaiian Islands . MBARI built the Monterey Accelerated Research System ( MARS ) , the first deep-sea cabled observatory in the continental United States . U.S . Geological Survey . Appointment . In July 2009 , McNutt was announced as President Obamas nominee to be the next director of the United States Geological Survey and science adviser to the United States Secretary of the Interior . The Senate unanimously approved her nomination on October 21 . She was the first woman to lead the USGS since its establishment in 1879 . Secretary Ken Salazar endorsed McNutt for the position . In a television interview following Obamas announcement , McNutt said : BP oil spill . During her first year , four major events impacted USGS in quick succession : a magnitude 7.0 earthquake in Haiti , an 8.0 earthquake in Chile , the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull and the BP oil spill . In May 2010 , McNutt headed the Flow Rate Technical Group which attempted to measure the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico . Preliminary reports from the group said that the rate of the oil spill was at least twice and possibly up to five times as much as previously acknowledged . Subsequent estimates , based on six independent methodologies , were four times the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill . A refined estimate based on new pressure readings , data , and analysis , released by the United States Secretary of Energy Steven Chu and McNutt in August , said that 4.9 million barrels ( with uncertainty of plus or minus approximately 10 percent ) of oil had leaked from the well until it was capped on July 15 . The disaster was the largest ever accidental spill of oil into marine waters . In a two-day deposition during October 2012 , McNutt was questioned by lawyers for BP , for the Justice Department , for plaintiffs , and for the Gulf states . Subject to approval by U.S . federal courts , BP agreed to a settlement in November 2012 in which the company pleaded guilty to felony charges of misconduct or neglect concerning eleven deaths at the explosion site . The company agreed to pay US$4.5 billion including US$1.256 billion in criminal fines . As of 2012 , BP may still be liable for US$5.4 to US$31 billion in civil fines under the Clean Water Act and Oil Pollution Act . Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility . Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility ( PEER ) filed a lawsuit against the Department of the Interior and a complaint about a NOAA scientist in the Flow Rate Technical Group which McNutt led . The group felt that government scientists understated the flow rate of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill . USGS peer review process . McNutt participated in the reversal of a 2006 USGS policy that required agency scientists to submit their work to two internal reviewers and obtain a sign-off from a higher level official before submitting their work to external journals who then applied their own peer-review process . Scientists can now have both internal and external reviews simultaneously and the internal process is reduced to one internal review plus sign-off by the USGS Office of Science Quality and Integrity . Afghan mineral wealth . In September 2011 , a USGS team including Jack H . Medlin , Said Mirzad , Stephen G . Peters and Robert D . Tucker published a report which they presented at the Afghan embassy in Washington , DC , detailing 57 information packages about Areas of Interest ( AOIs ) that total at least 1,000,000 metric tons of untapped mineral deposits they have found in Afghanistan . Scientific American speculated that replacing opium and Taliban strongholds with a mining bonanza could change U.S . foreign policy and world stability . This report , which points to resources that The New York Times said in 2010 were worth 1 trillion , was put into the public domain . McNutt said at the time : Map of Jupiters moon Io . In 2011 and online in 2012 , USGS released a geologic surface map of Jupiters moon Io , which is the most volcanically active body in our solar system , about twenty-five times more active than earth . David Williams of Arizona State University was the project lead . The maps are made of the best images from NASAs Voyager 1 and 2 missions ( acquired in 1979 ) as well as the spacecraft Galileo ( 1995–2003 ) named for Galileo Galilei who discovered Jupiters moons in 1610 . McNutt said : Animal extinction and disease . In 2012 , USGS declared the blue-tailed skink named Emoia impar extinct because none have been observed in their home the Hawaiian Islands since the 1960s . McNutt , quoted by John Platt for Scientific American , said : In a press release , McNutt introduced a lecture by David Blehert , a USGS research scientist , speaking on white nose syndrome which may afflict six species of North American bats and may have far-reaching ecological consequences : McNutt commented on work by lead researcher Carol Meteyer and others from the USGS National Wildlife Health Center and the National Institutes of Health in November 2012 : Federal Big Data initiative . McNutt spoke on a panel of leaders of US agencies ( OSTP , NSF , NIH , DOE , DOD , DARPA and USGS ) who rolled out the Obama administrations Big Data Research and Development Initiative . Tom Kalil of the Office of Science and Technology Policy said , By improving our ability to extract knowledge and insights from large and complex collections of digital data , the initiative promises to help accelerate the pace of discovery in science and engineering , strengthen our national security , and transform teaching and learning . USGS announced the latest awardees for grants it issues through its John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis . Energy : fossil fuels , fracking and biofuel . Reuters reported that USGS released into the public domain a new estimate of the worlds oil and gas resources , the first such report since 2000 . Excluding the U.S . the USGS found : 565 billion barrels of conventional oil and 5,606 trillion cubic feet of undiscovered conventional natural gas in 171 priority geologic provinces of the world . The report said about 75% of the resources are in four places : South America and the Caribbean , sub-Saharan Africa , the Middle East and North Africa , and the North American Arctic . In particular , this assessment underscores the importance of continuing to strengthen our energy partnerships in the Western Hemisphere with nations like Brazil.. . said secretary Salazar . Bloomberg News reported that during her testimony in March 2012 , McNutt told the United States House Committee on Natural Resources that less than 1 percent of wells drilled to dispose of the water after fracking causes induced seismicity . McNutt said more information would reduce the risk of induced earthquakes in a year or two . She said : United Press International reported in March 2012 that USGS has developed a tool that can map grasslands using remote sensing data from satellites . The technique will help if and when global demand for biofuel products increases as an alternative to fossil fuels . McNutt said in a statement that the study : Earthquakes : hazard reduction , drill , research . In cooperation with the Department of Veterans Affairs , USGS continued to monitor and record in detail the performance of veterans hospital buildings during earthquakes . Recently , two buildings were fitted with sensors at the Memphis VA Medical Center which is within the range of the New Madrid Seismic Zone , the most active earthquake zone in the Eastern United States . USGS works with the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program ( NEHRP ) led by the National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST ) both to monitor buildings during earthquake events and to help design safer hospitals in the future . On October 18 , 2012 , McNutt , Bill Leith of USGS and Michael Mahoney of the Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA ) continued earthquake practice at the ShakeOut at the Langston Hughes Middle School in Reston , Virginia . Participants learn to drop , cover , and hold on to protect themselves during an earthquake . Millions of people have participated since the event started in 2008 . Going through drills makes it second nature for the students in the event of an actual emergency , McNutt said of The Great American Shake-Out event held in February 2013 in eight US states that border on the New Madrid Seismic Zone . USGS promised up to US$7 million in grants for earthquake research in 2013 . The agency has funded about 90 such grants which , for example , cataloged southern California earthquakes to better prepare emergency responders , the public and the media . Projects also provided seismic hazard estimates for safer buildings and roads , and provided data on ground shaking to help minimize damage . Landsat . NASA and USGS launched Landsat 8 on February 11 , 2013 , to continue their 40-year record of providing images for land use and climate change ( about 9 million images as of 2013 ) . McNutt wrote that Landsat 8 enhances USGSs position as land steward for the United States . Departure . McNutt directed USGS from 2009 until 2013 , when she announced her departure to USGS staff members . She said at the time that she would leave after the launch of Landsat 8 and that Suzette Kimball would serve as the acting director . Exit summary . McNutts announcement included a 21-point summary of her tenure which she prepared for Secretary Salazar . Among achievements listed were realignment of USGS management , eight DOI Climate Science Centers , the first national water census on water use and availability , a California prototype of Earthquake Early Warning , publication of the first two of the biological carbon sequestration reports , and various means of advancing US energy independence . Science tenure . Open access : Science Advances . As editor in chief , McNutt led the editorial team at Science in their decision to enter the world of open access publishing . Beginning in 2015 , they expect to publish several thousand articles per year in the online only , open access journal Science Advances ( compared to Science which can publish less than one thousand per year , accepting about 6% of submissions ) . McNutt told Library Journal that they were searching for a solution to licensing , perhaps one license acceptable to all authors or perhaps offering a menu of licenses so each community can choose . Keystone XL . McNutt initially sided with environmentalists who opposed approval of the Keystone Pipeline . In an interview for NPRs Morning Edition in 2014 , she explained why she changed her mind and published an editorial in favor . First , the oil is already being transported for example by truck and train , using more fossil fuels than the pipeline would use . Second , she thinks concessions can be made in exchange for approving the pipeline , for example requiring a limit on carbon emissions when converting the tar sands to liquid for transport in the pipeline , and demanding that the pipeline be the safest ever built . Finally , because the pipeline is the very least expensive mode of transport , she found a potential revenue stream in the money saved by the pipeline which she thinks should be used to fund renewable energy in the U.S . Climate engineering . Several U.S . agencies including the Central Intelligence Agency requested that the U.S . government study climate engineering and so the committee that McNutt chairs was born of the National Academy of Sciences . Ken Caldeira , who also sits on the committee , and David Keith are eager to try out ideas , in part spurred by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory funded by Bill Gates who is an enthusiast of climate engineering research . McNutt cautioned that government-sponsored field tests may not happen . Whether we wind up using these technologies , or someone else does and we suddenly find ourselves in a geo-engineered world , we have to better understand the impacts and the consequences . Meeting with Li Keqiang in China . Premier of the Peoples Republic of China , Li Keqiang requested a meeting with McNutt , as editor in chief of Science , to discuss science as part of her trip to China in January 2014 . The meeting was scheduled for 30 minutes and the rules specified no US reporters present and the topics of science and the economy , not politics . They talked on 13 January at Ziguangge , Zhongnanhai in Beijing . Li answered questions from McNutt about space exploration , Chinas scientific cooperation with other developing countries , climate change , education , and environmental protection . Science published a transcript of the 70 minute meeting . Statistical review . With a goal to improve the reproducibility of its published research , McNutt announced in 2014 that Science had added statistical checks to its peer-review process . Based on collaboration with the American Statistical Association , the journal appointed seven experts to a Statistics Board of Reviewing who are responsible for securing outside statisticians to review potential Science articles . Cover photo and controversies . The cover of the 11 July 2014 issue depicted three transgender sex workers from Indonesia with their heads cropped out . Citing she tricked me and the trans panic defense sometimes used by perpetrators , The Washington Post noted that transgender people are 30 percent more likely than others to be the victims of violence . Numerous people objected in their blogs . Congresswoman Jackie Speier objected in a letter to the publisher . Science CEO and publisher Alan Leshner apologized to Speier and termed the cover regrettable . McNutt apologized on Twitter and in Science for any discomfort that this cover may have caused anyone and gave her : promise that we will strive to do much better in the future to be sensitive to all groups and not assume that context and intent will speak for themselves . The cover ( and unfortunate response from the former editor of ScienceCareers ) and two other columns provoked Aradhna Tripati , Jennifer Glass , Lenny Teytelman , and 600 other scientists to send a letter in 2015 to Science accusing the journal of perpetuating sexist stereotypes . In one column , Alice S . Huang , the former president of Sciences publisher , the American Association for the Advancement of Science , advised a female postdoctoral fellow not to complain about her supervisor , whose habit was trying to look down the womans shirt , as long as the supervisor didnt develop other advances . In another , the chief biochemist at Torontos University Health Network said he was promoted because his wife had given up her career and PhD to support him . McNutt published a formal apology in July 2015 , and said that she thought Science should start an advisory board made up of young scientists who might be in tune with the issues . Support for science . In June 2014 , the US National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) together with Nature Publishing Group and Science held a workshop on the reproducibility and rigor of research findings . More than 30 participants , who all publish preclinical biological research , codified a set of principles that will advance and support research that is reproducible , robust , and transparent . The principles are endorsed by 78 associations , journals and societies who all agreed to them . in January 2015 , the Pew Research Center published a poll representing the public and a sample of scientists connected to the American Association for the Advancement of Science ( AAAS ) . The public and scientists disagreed quite dramatically on 12 out of 13 issues covered in the survey . On the occasion of Pews publication , writer Joel Achenbach asked McNutt for her input on a National Geographic feature article , Why Do Many Reasonable People Doubt Science? . McNutt neatly gave this definition : Science is not a body of facts . Science is a method for deciding whether what we choose to believe has a basis in the laws of nature or not . Retraction . In May 2015 , McNutt and Science retracted a December 2014 study , When contact changes minds : An experiment on transmission of support for gay equality . Donald Green requested the retraction after asking for and not receiving the study data from his coauthor Michael LaCour . Family of journals expands . In 2015 , Science announced the expansion of its family of journals to include Science Robotics and Science Immunology . Both were expected to begin publication in mid-2016 . The first issue of Science Immunology was published in July 2016 , while the first issue of Science Robotics was published in December 2016 . National Academy of Sciences . In July 2015 , McNutt was nominated to stand for election as president of the National Academy of Sciences . She was elected to a six-year term beginning July 1 , 2016 and ending June 30 , 2022 . Climate intervention . McNutt chaired the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Geoengineering Climate : Technical Evaluation and Discussion of Impacts , whose sixteen scientists published their findings on climate geoengineering in February 2015 . The committee decided to issue two complementary reports , one on mitigating carbon dioxide emissions , and one on albedo modification . They agreed to call the process intervention , which implies an action intended to improve , rather than management or geoengineering which imply control that people dont have . Of the reports six recommendations , the first is that right now we can and should work toward mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and on adapting to the impacts of climate change . This work was supported by the U.S . intelligence community , the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) , the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) , the United States Department of Energy ( DOE ) , and the National Academy of Sciences . At the press briefing on the release of the reports , McNutt expressed preference for the first report over the second : mitigation and adaptation are the way forward ( explaining that albedo modification carries unknown environmental and governance risks ) . Workshop with Pope Francis . In May 2014 , McNutt and a group of international scholars and scientists participated in a workshop with Pope Francis organized by the Pontifical Academy of Sciences and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences . By invitation , McNutt presented a paper , The Risks of Rising Seas to Coastal Populations . In a September editorial in Science , McNutt discussed future habitability and sustainability of this planet and advocated for United Nations Sustainable Development Goals which the group wished to adopt . She was a signatory of the workshop report . In advance of the Laudato si papal encyclical of May–June 2015 , the leadership council of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network , of which McNutt is a member , released eight criteria for climate change mitigation , which they hoped would be addressed by the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference . Awards and honors . McNutt was elected a Foreign member of the Royal Society , and a member of the National Academy of Sciences , the American Philosophical Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . She is a fellow for the American Geophysical Union , the Geological Society of America , the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the International Association of Geodesy . She is a past president of the American Geophysical Union ( 2000–2002 ) and current president of the National Academy of Sciences ( 2016-2022 ) . She holds honorary doctorates from Indiana University ( 2021 ) , Boston University ( 2019 ) , Worcester Polytechnic Institute ( 2018 ) , Michigan State University ( 2018 ) , Colorado School of Mines ( 2011 ) Monmouth University ( 2010 ) , the University of Minnesota ( 2004 ) , and Colorado College ( 1989 ) . McNutt was also recognized as an Outstanding Alumni in 2004 by the University of California , San Diego . She chaired the Presidents Panel on Ocean Exploration under President Bill Clinton . McNutt chaired the board of governors of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions which merged to become Consortium for Ocean Leadership for which she was trustee . She serves on evaluation and advisory boards for institutions including the Monterey Bay Aquarium , Stanford University , Harvard University and Science magazine , and the Journal of Science Policy and Governance . In 1988 , McNutt won the Macelwane Medal from the American Geophysical Union , presented for outstanding research by a young scientist , and in 2007 she won the AGUs Maurice Ewing Medal for her contributions to deep-sea exploration and her leadership role in the ocean sciences . In 2002 , Discover magazine named McNutt one of the top fifty women in science . In 2003 she was named Scientist of the Year by the ARCS Foundation . The United States Coast Guard awarded the Meritorious Service Medal to McNutt for her service during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill . McNutt is a member of the 2012 USA Science & Engineering Festivals Nifty Fifty , a collection of the most influential scientists and engineers in the United States that are dedicated to reinvigorating the interest of young people in science and engineering . McNutt won the 2017 DRI Nevada Medal . In 2021 , was elected as a member of the National Academy of Engineering for elucidation of lithosphere geomechanics and leadership in earth resources engineering .
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What organization did Marcia McNutt join in 2016?
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Marcia McNutt Marcia Kemper McNutt ( born February 19 , 1952 ) , , is an American geophysicist and the 22nd president of the National Academy of Sciences ( NAS ) of the United States . Previously , she served as editor-in-chief of the peer-reviewed journal Science from 2013 to 2016 . McNutt holds a visiting appointment at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography . She is a member of the National Academies of Sciences , Engineering , and Medicine advisory committee for the Division on Earth and Life Studies and the Forum on Open Science . McNutt chaired the NASEM climate intervention committee who delivered two reports in 2015 . McNutt was the 15th director of the United States Geological Survey ( USGS ) ( the first woman to hold the post ) as well as science adviser to the United States Secretary of the Interior . Before working for USGS , McNutt was president and chief executive officer of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute ( MBARI ) , an oceanographic research center in the United States , professor of marine geophysics at the Stanford University School of Earth Sciences and professor of marine geophysics at University of California , Santa Cruz . Family and education . McNutts father was a small business owner and her mother was a college-educated homemaker . In an interview with the National Academy of Sciences , McNutt said that in their household , womens education was a tradition and a norm , and that her parents encouraged McNutt and her sisters academically . She was valedictorian of her class at the Northrop Collegiate School ( now The Blake School ) in Minneapolis , graduating in 1970 . She received a bachelors degree in physics summa cum laude , Phi Beta Kappa , from Colorado College in 1973 . As a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellow , she then studied geophysics at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography where she earned a PhD in earth sciences in 1978 . Her dissertation was titled Continental and Oceanic Isostasy . McNutt is a National Association of Underwater Instructors ( NAUI ) -certified scuba diver and she trained in underwater demolition and explosives handling with the Underwater Demolition Team ( UDT ) of the United States Navy and the United States Navy SEALs . Marcia Kemper McNutt was married first to Marcel Hoffmann , who died in 1988 . They had three daughters : Meredith McNutt Hoffmann and identical twins Dana and Ashley Hoffmann . Ashley Hoffmann was Miss Rodeo California in 2009 . Marcia McNutt is also a horse enthusiast and enjoys barrel racing on her mare Lulu . McNutt is one of six women scientists featured in the 1995 PBS ( WGBH-TV ) series , Discovering Women . How she excelled in science with a household of young daughters and the help of housekeeper Ann and her daughter is described by Jocelyn Steinke in A portrait of a woman as a scientist : breaking down barriers created by gender-role stereotypes . McNutt and Ian Young , an MBARI ships captain , were married in 1996 . Early years . After a brief appointment at the University of Minnesota , McNutt worked for three years on earthquake prediction at the US Geological Survey in Menlo Park , California . In 1982 , she became assistant professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) and in 1988 was appointed Griswold Professor of Geophysics . She previously served as director of the Joint Program in Oceanography and Applied Ocean Science and Engineering , a cooperative effort of MIT and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution . Research . She participated in 15 major oceanographic expeditions and served as chief scientist on more than half of them . She published about 100 peer-reviewed scientific articles . Her research has included studies of ocean island volcanism in French Polynesia , continental break-up in the Western United States , and uplift of the Tibet plateau . McNutt has made notable contributions to the understanding of the rheology and strength of the lithosphere . She showed that young volcanoes could flex the lithosphere , influencing the elevation of nearby volcanoes , and used a 3-D analysis of topography and gravity data to show that the Australian plate could be strong on short time scales and weak on long scales . She also showed how subducting ocean plates could weaken and identified a large topographic feature called the South Pacific superswell . Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute . McNutt was president and CEO of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute ( MBARI ) from 1997 to 2009 . During that time the RV Western Flyer , MBARIs research vessel , made expeditions from Canada to Baja California and the Hawaiian Islands . MBARI built the Monterey Accelerated Research System ( MARS ) , the first deep-sea cabled observatory in the continental United States . U.S . Geological Survey . Appointment . In July 2009 , McNutt was announced as President Obamas nominee to be the next director of the United States Geological Survey and science adviser to the United States Secretary of the Interior . The Senate unanimously approved her nomination on October 21 . She was the first woman to lead the USGS since its establishment in 1879 . Secretary Ken Salazar endorsed McNutt for the position . In a television interview following Obamas announcement , McNutt said : BP oil spill . During her first year , four major events impacted USGS in quick succession : a magnitude 7.0 earthquake in Haiti , an 8.0 earthquake in Chile , the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull and the BP oil spill . In May 2010 , McNutt headed the Flow Rate Technical Group which attempted to measure the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico . Preliminary reports from the group said that the rate of the oil spill was at least twice and possibly up to five times as much as previously acknowledged . Subsequent estimates , based on six independent methodologies , were four times the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill . A refined estimate based on new pressure readings , data , and analysis , released by the United States Secretary of Energy Steven Chu and McNutt in August , said that 4.9 million barrels ( with uncertainty of plus or minus approximately 10 percent ) of oil had leaked from the well until it was capped on July 15 . The disaster was the largest ever accidental spill of oil into marine waters . In a two-day deposition during October 2012 , McNutt was questioned by lawyers for BP , for the Justice Department , for plaintiffs , and for the Gulf states . Subject to approval by U.S . federal courts , BP agreed to a settlement in November 2012 in which the company pleaded guilty to felony charges of misconduct or neglect concerning eleven deaths at the explosion site . The company agreed to pay US$4.5 billion including US$1.256 billion in criminal fines . As of 2012 , BP may still be liable for US$5.4 to US$31 billion in civil fines under the Clean Water Act and Oil Pollution Act . Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility . Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility ( PEER ) filed a lawsuit against the Department of the Interior and a complaint about a NOAA scientist in the Flow Rate Technical Group which McNutt led . The group felt that government scientists understated the flow rate of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill . USGS peer review process . McNutt participated in the reversal of a 2006 USGS policy that required agency scientists to submit their work to two internal reviewers and obtain a sign-off from a higher level official before submitting their work to external journals who then applied their own peer-review process . Scientists can now have both internal and external reviews simultaneously and the internal process is reduced to one internal review plus sign-off by the USGS Office of Science Quality and Integrity . Afghan mineral wealth . In September 2011 , a USGS team including Jack H . Medlin , Said Mirzad , Stephen G . Peters and Robert D . Tucker published a report which they presented at the Afghan embassy in Washington , DC , detailing 57 information packages about Areas of Interest ( AOIs ) that total at least 1,000,000 metric tons of untapped mineral deposits they have found in Afghanistan . Scientific American speculated that replacing opium and Taliban strongholds with a mining bonanza could change U.S . foreign policy and world stability . This report , which points to resources that The New York Times said in 2010 were worth 1 trillion , was put into the public domain . McNutt said at the time : Map of Jupiters moon Io . In 2011 and online in 2012 , USGS released a geologic surface map of Jupiters moon Io , which is the most volcanically active body in our solar system , about twenty-five times more active than earth . David Williams of Arizona State University was the project lead . The maps are made of the best images from NASAs Voyager 1 and 2 missions ( acquired in 1979 ) as well as the spacecraft Galileo ( 1995–2003 ) named for Galileo Galilei who discovered Jupiters moons in 1610 . McNutt said : Animal extinction and disease . In 2012 , USGS declared the blue-tailed skink named Emoia impar extinct because none have been observed in their home the Hawaiian Islands since the 1960s . McNutt , quoted by John Platt for Scientific American , said : In a press release , McNutt introduced a lecture by David Blehert , a USGS research scientist , speaking on white nose syndrome which may afflict six species of North American bats and may have far-reaching ecological consequences : McNutt commented on work by lead researcher Carol Meteyer and others from the USGS National Wildlife Health Center and the National Institutes of Health in November 2012 : Federal Big Data initiative . McNutt spoke on a panel of leaders of US agencies ( OSTP , NSF , NIH , DOE , DOD , DARPA and USGS ) who rolled out the Obama administrations Big Data Research and Development Initiative . Tom Kalil of the Office of Science and Technology Policy said , By improving our ability to extract knowledge and insights from large and complex collections of digital data , the initiative promises to help accelerate the pace of discovery in science and engineering , strengthen our national security , and transform teaching and learning . USGS announced the latest awardees for grants it issues through its John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis . Energy : fossil fuels , fracking and biofuel . Reuters reported that USGS released into the public domain a new estimate of the worlds oil and gas resources , the first such report since 2000 . Excluding the U.S . the USGS found : 565 billion barrels of conventional oil and 5,606 trillion cubic feet of undiscovered conventional natural gas in 171 priority geologic provinces of the world . The report said about 75% of the resources are in four places : South America and the Caribbean , sub-Saharan Africa , the Middle East and North Africa , and the North American Arctic . In particular , this assessment underscores the importance of continuing to strengthen our energy partnerships in the Western Hemisphere with nations like Brazil.. . said secretary Salazar . Bloomberg News reported that during her testimony in March 2012 , McNutt told the United States House Committee on Natural Resources that less than 1 percent of wells drilled to dispose of the water after fracking causes induced seismicity . McNutt said more information would reduce the risk of induced earthquakes in a year or two . She said : United Press International reported in March 2012 that USGS has developed a tool that can map grasslands using remote sensing data from satellites . The technique will help if and when global demand for biofuel products increases as an alternative to fossil fuels . McNutt said in a statement that the study : Earthquakes : hazard reduction , drill , research . In cooperation with the Department of Veterans Affairs , USGS continued to monitor and record in detail the performance of veterans hospital buildings during earthquakes . Recently , two buildings were fitted with sensors at the Memphis VA Medical Center which is within the range of the New Madrid Seismic Zone , the most active earthquake zone in the Eastern United States . USGS works with the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program ( NEHRP ) led by the National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST ) both to monitor buildings during earthquake events and to help design safer hospitals in the future . On October 18 , 2012 , McNutt , Bill Leith of USGS and Michael Mahoney of the Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA ) continued earthquake practice at the ShakeOut at the Langston Hughes Middle School in Reston , Virginia . Participants learn to drop , cover , and hold on to protect themselves during an earthquake . Millions of people have participated since the event started in 2008 . Going through drills makes it second nature for the students in the event of an actual emergency , McNutt said of The Great American Shake-Out event held in February 2013 in eight US states that border on the New Madrid Seismic Zone . USGS promised up to US$7 million in grants for earthquake research in 2013 . The agency has funded about 90 such grants which , for example , cataloged southern California earthquakes to better prepare emergency responders , the public and the media . Projects also provided seismic hazard estimates for safer buildings and roads , and provided data on ground shaking to help minimize damage . Landsat . NASA and USGS launched Landsat 8 on February 11 , 2013 , to continue their 40-year record of providing images for land use and climate change ( about 9 million images as of 2013 ) . McNutt wrote that Landsat 8 enhances USGSs position as land steward for the United States . Departure . McNutt directed USGS from 2009 until 2013 , when she announced her departure to USGS staff members . She said at the time that she would leave after the launch of Landsat 8 and that Suzette Kimball would serve as the acting director . Exit summary . McNutts announcement included a 21-point summary of her tenure which she prepared for Secretary Salazar . Among achievements listed were realignment of USGS management , eight DOI Climate Science Centers , the first national water census on water use and availability , a California prototype of Earthquake Early Warning , publication of the first two of the biological carbon sequestration reports , and various means of advancing US energy independence . Science tenure . Open access : Science Advances . As editor in chief , McNutt led the editorial team at Science in their decision to enter the world of open access publishing . Beginning in 2015 , they expect to publish several thousand articles per year in the online only , open access journal Science Advances ( compared to Science which can publish less than one thousand per year , accepting about 6% of submissions ) . McNutt told Library Journal that they were searching for a solution to licensing , perhaps one license acceptable to all authors or perhaps offering a menu of licenses so each community can choose . Keystone XL . McNutt initially sided with environmentalists who opposed approval of the Keystone Pipeline . In an interview for NPRs Morning Edition in 2014 , she explained why she changed her mind and published an editorial in favor . First , the oil is already being transported for example by truck and train , using more fossil fuels than the pipeline would use . Second , she thinks concessions can be made in exchange for approving the pipeline , for example requiring a limit on carbon emissions when converting the tar sands to liquid for transport in the pipeline , and demanding that the pipeline be the safest ever built . Finally , because the pipeline is the very least expensive mode of transport , she found a potential revenue stream in the money saved by the pipeline which she thinks should be used to fund renewable energy in the U.S . Climate engineering . Several U.S . agencies including the Central Intelligence Agency requested that the U.S . government study climate engineering and so the committee that McNutt chairs was born of the National Academy of Sciences . Ken Caldeira , who also sits on the committee , and David Keith are eager to try out ideas , in part spurred by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory funded by Bill Gates who is an enthusiast of climate engineering research . McNutt cautioned that government-sponsored field tests may not happen . Whether we wind up using these technologies , or someone else does and we suddenly find ourselves in a geo-engineered world , we have to better understand the impacts and the consequences . Meeting with Li Keqiang in China . Premier of the Peoples Republic of China , Li Keqiang requested a meeting with McNutt , as editor in chief of Science , to discuss science as part of her trip to China in January 2014 . The meeting was scheduled for 30 minutes and the rules specified no US reporters present and the topics of science and the economy , not politics . They talked on 13 January at Ziguangge , Zhongnanhai in Beijing . Li answered questions from McNutt about space exploration , Chinas scientific cooperation with other developing countries , climate change , education , and environmental protection . Science published a transcript of the 70 minute meeting . Statistical review . With a goal to improve the reproducibility of its published research , McNutt announced in 2014 that Science had added statistical checks to its peer-review process . Based on collaboration with the American Statistical Association , the journal appointed seven experts to a Statistics Board of Reviewing who are responsible for securing outside statisticians to review potential Science articles . Cover photo and controversies . The cover of the 11 July 2014 issue depicted three transgender sex workers from Indonesia with their heads cropped out . Citing she tricked me and the trans panic defense sometimes used by perpetrators , The Washington Post noted that transgender people are 30 percent more likely than others to be the victims of violence . Numerous people objected in their blogs . Congresswoman Jackie Speier objected in a letter to the publisher . Science CEO and publisher Alan Leshner apologized to Speier and termed the cover regrettable . McNutt apologized on Twitter and in Science for any discomfort that this cover may have caused anyone and gave her : promise that we will strive to do much better in the future to be sensitive to all groups and not assume that context and intent will speak for themselves . The cover ( and unfortunate response from the former editor of ScienceCareers ) and two other columns provoked Aradhna Tripati , Jennifer Glass , Lenny Teytelman , and 600 other scientists to send a letter in 2015 to Science accusing the journal of perpetuating sexist stereotypes . In one column , Alice S . Huang , the former president of Sciences publisher , the American Association for the Advancement of Science , advised a female postdoctoral fellow not to complain about her supervisor , whose habit was trying to look down the womans shirt , as long as the supervisor didnt develop other advances . In another , the chief biochemist at Torontos University Health Network said he was promoted because his wife had given up her career and PhD to support him . McNutt published a formal apology in July 2015 , and said that she thought Science should start an advisory board made up of young scientists who might be in tune with the issues . Support for science . In June 2014 , the US National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) together with Nature Publishing Group and Science held a workshop on the reproducibility and rigor of research findings . More than 30 participants , who all publish preclinical biological research , codified a set of principles that will advance and support research that is reproducible , robust , and transparent . The principles are endorsed by 78 associations , journals and societies who all agreed to them . in January 2015 , the Pew Research Center published a poll representing the public and a sample of scientists connected to the American Association for the Advancement of Science ( AAAS ) . The public and scientists disagreed quite dramatically on 12 out of 13 issues covered in the survey . On the occasion of Pews publication , writer Joel Achenbach asked McNutt for her input on a National Geographic feature article , Why Do Many Reasonable People Doubt Science? . McNutt neatly gave this definition : Science is not a body of facts . Science is a method for deciding whether what we choose to believe has a basis in the laws of nature or not . Retraction . In May 2015 , McNutt and Science retracted a December 2014 study , When contact changes minds : An experiment on transmission of support for gay equality . Donald Green requested the retraction after asking for and not receiving the study data from his coauthor Michael LaCour . Family of journals expands . In 2015 , Science announced the expansion of its family of journals to include Science Robotics and Science Immunology . Both were expected to begin publication in mid-2016 . The first issue of Science Immunology was published in July 2016 , while the first issue of Science Robotics was published in December 2016 . National Academy of Sciences . In July 2015 , McNutt was nominated to stand for election as president of the National Academy of Sciences . She was elected to a six-year term beginning July 1 , 2016 and ending June 30 , 2022 . Climate intervention . McNutt chaired the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Geoengineering Climate : Technical Evaluation and Discussion of Impacts , whose sixteen scientists published their findings on climate geoengineering in February 2015 . The committee decided to issue two complementary reports , one on mitigating carbon dioxide emissions , and one on albedo modification . They agreed to call the process intervention , which implies an action intended to improve , rather than management or geoengineering which imply control that people dont have . Of the reports six recommendations , the first is that right now we can and should work toward mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and on adapting to the impacts of climate change . This work was supported by the U.S . intelligence community , the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) , the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) , the United States Department of Energy ( DOE ) , and the National Academy of Sciences . At the press briefing on the release of the reports , McNutt expressed preference for the first report over the second : mitigation and adaptation are the way forward ( explaining that albedo modification carries unknown environmental and governance risks ) . Workshop with Pope Francis . In May 2014 , McNutt and a group of international scholars and scientists participated in a workshop with Pope Francis organized by the Pontifical Academy of Sciences and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences . By invitation , McNutt presented a paper , The Risks of Rising Seas to Coastal Populations . In a September editorial in Science , McNutt discussed future habitability and sustainability of this planet and advocated for United Nations Sustainable Development Goals which the group wished to adopt . She was a signatory of the workshop report . In advance of the Laudato si papal encyclical of May–June 2015 , the leadership council of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network , of which McNutt is a member , released eight criteria for climate change mitigation , which they hoped would be addressed by the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference . Awards and honors . McNutt was elected a Foreign member of the Royal Society , and a member of the National Academy of Sciences , the American Philosophical Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . She is a fellow for the American Geophysical Union , the Geological Society of America , the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the International Association of Geodesy . She is a past president of the American Geophysical Union ( 2000–2002 ) and current president of the National Academy of Sciences ( 2016-2022 ) . She holds honorary doctorates from Indiana University ( 2021 ) , Boston University ( 2019 ) , Worcester Polytechnic Institute ( 2018 ) , Michigan State University ( 2018 ) , Colorado School of Mines ( 2011 ) Monmouth University ( 2010 ) , the University of Minnesota ( 2004 ) , and Colorado College ( 1989 ) . McNutt was also recognized as an Outstanding Alumni in 2004 by the University of California , San Diego . She chaired the Presidents Panel on Ocean Exploration under President Bill Clinton . McNutt chaired the board of governors of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions which merged to become Consortium for Ocean Leadership for which she was trustee . She serves on evaluation and advisory boards for institutions including the Monterey Bay Aquarium , Stanford University , Harvard University and Science magazine , and the Journal of Science Policy and Governance . In 1988 , McNutt won the Macelwane Medal from the American Geophysical Union , presented for outstanding research by a young scientist , and in 2007 she won the AGUs Maurice Ewing Medal for her contributions to deep-sea exploration and her leadership role in the ocean sciences . In 2002 , Discover magazine named McNutt one of the top fifty women in science . In 2003 she was named Scientist of the Year by the ARCS Foundation . The United States Coast Guard awarded the Meritorious Service Medal to McNutt for her service during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill . McNutt is a member of the 2012 USA Science & Engineering Festivals Nifty Fifty , a collection of the most influential scientists and engineers in the United States that are dedicated to reinvigorating the interest of young people in science and engineering . McNutt won the 2017 DRI Nevada Medal . In 2021 , was elected as a member of the National Academy of Engineering for elucidation of lithosphere geomechanics and leadership in earth resources engineering .
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Ivo Sanader took which position from Aug 1992 to 1993?
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Ivo Sanader Ivo Sanader ( born 8 June 1953 ) is a Croatian politician who served as Prime Minister of Croatia from 2003 to 2009 . He is to date the longest-serving prime minister since independence , holding the office for over five and a half years before resigning in July 2009 . He is one of only two Croatian prime ministers ( along with Andrej Plenković ) who have served more than one term , winning general elections in 2003 and 2007 . He is also , along with Ivica Račan and Plenković , one of the three prime ministers who have been at the head of more than one government cabinet , chairing his first cabinet from 23 December 2003 until 12 January 2008 , and his second cabinet from 12 January 2008 until his resignation in July 2009 . Sanader obtained his education in comparative literature in Austria , where he also worked as a journalist , in marketing , publishing , and as an entrepreneur . In the 1990s , he was briefly the intendant of the Croatian National Theatre in Split before becoming Minister for Science and Technology as a member of the ruling Croatian Democratic Union ( HDZ ) in the Cabinet of Hrvoje Šarinić in 1992 . In 1993 , he moved into diplomacy and served two terms as Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs . Following the death of Franjo Tuđman , Sanader was elected leader of the HDZ party in 2000 , and again in 2002 , and led the party to victory in the 2003 , and 2007 elections , becoming Croatias prime minister . In June 2009 , Sanader abruptly resigned his post , leaving scarce explanation for his actions and disappearing from public life for a while . In January 2010 , Sanader tried to stage a political comeback within the HDZ , but was ejected from party membership . In December 2010 , Croatian authorities indicted him in two high-profile corruption cases . Sanader fled the country but was apprehended in Austria and then extradited to Croatia in July 2011 . In November 2012 , he was sentenced to 10 years in prison in a first instance verdict , later reduced to years , for funneling 10.4 million euros in public money to the Fimi Media company . However , his sentence was annulled by Croatias Constitutional Court in 2015 . With the exception of numerous Croatian officials who were sentenced to imprisonment during the existence of the socialist Yugoslavia , he is the first Croatian head of government and highest ranking state official to be tried and sentenced to a jail term . In October 2018 , Sanader was sentenced to two and a half years in prison for war profiteering and must return $570,000 in kickbacks from Hypo Bank . In November 2020 , Sanader was sentenced to eight years in jail for his role in a retrial of the Fimi Media case . Early life . Ivo Sanader was born in Split to a poor , religious , working-class family originating from Dugobabe , a village in the Split hinterland . He was one of five children so , as his family was financially unable to support their education , his mother asked the rector of the Archbishopric Classical Gymnasium to accept Ivo as a student . At the gymnasium , Sanader distinguished himself as one of the top students , excelling in history and languages . After completing high school , Sanader spent one year in Rome studying philosophy . Following his return from Rome he met Mirjana Šarić , whom he married in 1978 . After their wedding , Ivo and Mirjana , and Ivos younger brother Miro left Split for Innsbruck , Austria . His wife studied archaeology , while Ivo studied comparative literature and Romance languages at the University of Innsbruck . During that time , Sanader worked as a correspondent for the Zagreb sport newspaper Sportske novosti . In 1982 , Sanader received his PhD degree , and returned to Croatia ( then Yugoslavia ) with his wife . He found a job in the marketing department of Dalmacijaturist ( Dalmatia Tourist ) , for a brief period , followed by a lengthy period at the publishing house Logos from 1983 , initially as a program editor . In 1988 he became a chief editor , at one time working on the magazine Mogućnosti ( Possibilities ) . His career at the publishing house was later terminated . At that time , his wife also received a notice of termination from her workplace . In 1987 , Sanader decided to return to Austria with his family , where he co-founded two businesses , one in 1989 which was liquidated by a court in 1992 , while the other existed between 1986 and 2001 . Failure of his businesses prompted Sanader to enter politics in the 1990s . Apart from his native Croatian , he is fluent in English , German , French , and Italian . Political career . Beginnings ( 1990s–2000 ) . Unlike many Croatian political figures of Sanaders generation , he was not actively involved in politics in his younger years – neither as a member of the League of Communists of Croatia ( Croatias party which formed the single bloc which governed Yugoslavia ) , nor as a dissident in exile . In October 1990 , after multi-party system had returned to Yugoslavia , he founded the Tirol branch of the Croatian Democratic Union ( HDZ ) in Austria , and established contact with Franjo Tuđman . Sanaders organizational skills , erudition , and fluency in German left a favorable impression on HDZ members with whom he collaborated in Austria . He decided to return to Split , over the objections of his wife who saw war in Croatia looming . His first public office was intendant of the Croatian National Theatre in Split . Shortly after taking the office , he was joined by his wife , who got a job in the University Library in Split . In 1992 he was elected as an HDZ deputy to the lower house of the Croatian parliament , and became Minister of Science and Technology ( 1992–1993 ) . From 1993 to 1995 and 1996 to 2000 , he was a Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs , overseeing the termination of required visas for Croatian citizens who traveled to Greece . He also used his negotiation skills to bring people to the Croatian Democratic Union from other Croatian parliamentary parties . At the end of November 1995 , he became Chief of Staff of the President of Croatias office and General Secretary of the Croatian National Security and Defense Council ( VONS ) after Hrvoje Šarinić was released from his duty . In January 1996 he became a member of the Council for Cooperation between Croatia and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina . During his second term as Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs he worked to bring Croatia and Israel together . Himself , Hrvoje Šarinić and Eytan Bentsur , Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Israeli government , met in Budapest in 1997 , at which point diplomatic relations between Croatia and Israel were established . Leader of Opposition ( 2000–03 ) . In 2000 , following Tuđmans death , HDZ suffered defeat in a parliamentary election . Furthermore , their candidate Mate Granić also failed to enter the second round of the presidential election . Granić then left to form the Democratic Centre party hoping to attract moderates from the HDZ . Inner-party election within the HDZ ensued in April that year and Sanader emerged victorious as a compromise candidate . Initially , Sanader criticized the unpopular International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia ( ICTY ) indictments against Croatian Army generals . In 2001 , he took part in a massive rally protesting a war crimes indictment against general Mirko Norac . Sanader also criticised Ivica Račan and his cabinets stance towards the ICTY . He gradually began to distance the party and himself from the protests , softening his criticism towards the government . Sanader focused his efforts on transforming the HDZ into a modern pro-European right-of-center party . However , his course was challenged by the more conservative wing of the party led by Ivić Pašalić . The ensuing leadership struggle culminated at the 2002 party convention . Sanader , who was supported by Vladimir Šeks and Branimir Glavaš , managed to win his second mandate . Pašalić left the party to form his Croatian Bloc , but failed to draw many of his former supporters from the HDZ . Sanader was later accused by Ivan Drmić , a former member of the Croatian Democratic Union , for rigging the presidential election at the 5th convention of the Croatian Democratic Union . Spokesman for the Croatian Democratic Union Ratko Maček said such accusations belong in the anthology of political stupidity . Sanader was able to concentrate on defeating Ivica Račan and his left-of-centre coalition at the 2003 parliamentary elections . HDZ won the election , but did not win an absolute majority in Sabor . First term as Prime Minister ( 2003–07 ) . After the victory of his Croatian Democratic Union ( HDZ ) the President of the Republic named Sanader the Prime Minister-designate on 9 December 2003 . In the post-election negotiations Sanader ensured the support of ethnic minority representatives , nominally left-wing Croatian Party of Pensioners and the Independent Democratic Serb Party . When the Croatian Parliament subsequently gave its consent by 88 votes ( out of 152 ) on 23 December 2003 , Sanader was formally appointed . The Sanader governments main foreign goal was Croatias entry into the European Union and NATO . As a result of the successful implementation of the Association Agreement – signed with the European Union in 2001 – Croatia did become an official candidate for entry into the EU . Sanaders HDZ also sought to establish better relations with minority parties and to promote minority rights . Amongst other factors contributing to the positive opinion of the European Commission and the European Council regarding Croatias bid to become an EU member were Croatias cooperation with the ICTY , continued economic growth and the countrys compliance with political and economic criteria established by the 1993 Copenhagen European Council . Sanader was the last statesman to visit Pope John Paul II in Vatican City , in February 2005 , a few weeks before his death on 2 April 2005 . In October 2005 , following the formal start of EU accession negotiations , opinion polls showed Sanader to be the most popular Croatian politician . Škare Ožbolt reported that Sanader possessed a collection of wrist watches worth in excess of €150,000 which he had not declared as assets . Former Minister of Justice Vesna Škare-Ožbolt in the Sanader government was the one who reported Sanader to a resolution council for conflict of interests . As Prime Minister , Sanader had close relations with other moderate conservative politicians in Europe : including former Austrian Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel , former Bavarian Prime Minister Edmund Stoiber , Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel , and Irish prime minister Bertie Ahern . The cabinet saw some changes during Sanaders term , notably the departure of the foreign minister Miomir Žužul who was accused of conflict of interest . His government was challenged by the rising tide of Euroscepticism in the country . In July 2006 , Sanader was named in the Verona Affair , accused by the opposition in the Croatian parliament for fixing the sale of pharmaceutical company Pliva to Barr Pharmaceuticals from the US . The accusations were denied and never proved . Nacional , an independent political weekly , reported Sanader was a part of two bankrupt businesses in Austria , and received bribes in 1995 and 1996 from a tycoon amounting to 800,000 DEM . Second term as Prime Minister ( 2007–09 ) . After the closely contested 2007 parliamentary election , and the first ever situation of ambiguity on who gets the mandate to form a government , Sanader emerged as the winner when President Stjepan Mesić gave him his second mandate , though this time in a coalition with HSS and HSLS . Owing in part to the global recession that set in during Sanaders term , Croatias economic growth stalled and foreign direct investments slowed down . While displaying symptoms of economic decline shared by larger nations , Croatias decline during Sanaders term was amplified in comparison with the fortunes of Serbia and next door Montenegro – who gained greater investments due to major reforms . Under Sanader , judicial reforms in Croatia stopped and the land registry issue was not resolved . Over 1.3 million court cases ( in a country of 4.1 million people ) were yet to be resolved in 2009 . Croatia was expected to complete negotiations with the EU in 2009 . However , the negotiations were stalled for 10 months due to Slovenias blockade of Croatias EU accession in December 2008 . On 1 July 2009 , Sanader announced his resignation as the Prime Minister and Leader of the HDZ , as well as his complete withdrawal from all active politics , adding that he does not intend to return . At his press conference in Zagreb , Sanader remarked : There is always a time in life for a new beginning . Such a moment has come and now it is time for others to take over . According to BBC News , the announcement came as a surprise , as Croatian media had quite recently named Sanader as a potential candidate for the 2010 presidential election . He announced that his prime minister-designate would be deputy Prime Minister Jadranka Kosor . The Croatian Parliament accepted his resignation on 2 July 2009 and informed the President . Sanader was elected Honorary President of the HDZ for life . Departure and return to politics ( 2009–10 ) . At the September 2009 Global Creative Economic Summit , Sanader discussed Croatias shift from a heavily controlled economy to a bustling knowledge-based economy . According to Sanader , fostering the competitiveness in everyday life played an important role in this process . On 3 January 2010 , contrary to his earlier statements ( 1 July 2009 ) , Sanader announced he would be returning to a more active role in politics , stating that his decision to withdraw was a mistake , and that the HDZ is a winning party and not a party that wins 12% of the vote , a remark made in connection with the first round of the presidential election held one week before . He was supported by a dozen HDZ MPs , including Luka Bebić , but none of the members of the Government . Several of those MPs later disclaimed any association with Sanader and claimed they were misled . On 4 January 2010 , following an entire day of meetings of HDZ leadership , Ivo Sanader was expelled from the Croatian Democratic Union . Of 22 members of the party presidency , 16 voted for expulsion , three were against ( Luka Bebić , Mario Zubović and Damir Polančec ) and two abstained ( Bianca Matković and Petar Selem ) . Sanader himself was not present at the meeting . In October 2010 , Sanader reactivated his parliamentary seat and regained parliamentary immunity . Arrest in Austria . On 9 December 2010 , he was spotted crossing the border into Slovenia , driven by his younger daughter Bruna shortly before the Croatian parliament voted to remove his immunity from prosecution by the Croatian Bureau for Combating Corruption and Organized Crime ( USKOK ) . The next day the Croatian police issued an arrest warrant and applied to Interpol requesting his arrest to face charges of corruption . He was arrested near Salzburg , Austria on 10 December 2010 . Croatian authorities froze his assets and bank accounts , and formally applied for extradition on 13 December . Austrian authorities , including a Carinthian parliamentary committee inquiring into the more recent Hypo Alpe-Adria-Bank International scandal , have questioned Sanader while in custody , while USKOK expanded its investigation of Sanader to include alleged bribes by the Hypo Bank in the 1990s . Sanader is alleged to have received nearly $695,000 ( £432,000 ) for arranging a loan from the Austrian Hypo Bank in 1995 , launching accusations of war profiteering . and of receiving 10 million euros in bribes from the CEO of the Hungarian oil company MOL , Zsolt Hernádi , to secure MOL a dominant position in the Croatian oil company INA . Extradition and trials ( 2011–present ) . Sanader was extradited by Austria on 18 July 2011 . He was transferred to Remetinec prison in Zagreb . At his first court hearing on 28 October , he complained of heart problems , and he stated that he did not even know he was being taken to court . After hearing this , the judge decided to reschedule , and Sanader was taken to the hospital . His rescheduled court hearing took place in December 2011 and he was released on bail of $2.2 million on 16 December 2011 . In January 2012 , it was announced that Sanader was facing a new set of corruption charges . USKOK included Sanader in its investigation into Croatias state-owned electric company HEPs financial irregularities , including losses of $100 million , based on a witness statement that Sanader accepted a bribe to ensure lower electricity prices . In May 2012 , it was announced that Sanader could be indicted again on corruption offences . It was alleged that he could be charged for his involvement in arranging the sale of electricity to Croatian petrochemical company Dioki Group at prices below market , which damaged the state electricity company HEP by several million Kunas . The former CEO and owner of Dioki , Ivan Mravak and Robert Jezic could also face charges . In September 2012 , A fifth indictment was filed against Ivo Sanader for damaging the state budget by 26 million kuna ( 3.6 million euro ) . Prosecutors claimed that the damage was done by selling a building built by Fiolics firm to the Ministry of Regional Development for more than twice the price that the building was actually worth . According to calculations of Croatian news site Politika Plus from 2012 , total damage done to the budget due to corruption scandals involving Sanader counts at least 207,2 million kuna . On 20 November 2012 Sanader was sentenced to 10 years in prison in a first-degree verdict . He was the highest official in Croatia to be convicted of corruption . Sanader denied wrongdoing and stated that his trial was politically motivated . The judge , Ivan Turudić , said that Sanader had disgraced Croatia , adding that he had used his office for his own personal enrichment and not for the common good . Sanader was transferred from the court to the Remetinec prison . In June 2014 the Supreme Court of Croatia confirmed the 2012 verdict , but reduced Sanaders prison sentence to years . On that occasion , president Ivo Josipović described Sanaders involvement in MOLs acquisition of INA as high treason . In 2015 , the verdict was quashed by the Constitutional Court based on procedural errors made during the trial . He was released after spending nearly 5 years both in custody and prison . He is set to stand a retrial . In 2017 , he was sentenced to in another case , yet to be confirmed by the upper courts . In 2020 , he was convicted to 8 years in prison as the result of retrial . As of 2021 , he is serving his sentence at Remetinec prison . Honors . Revoked . On 15 July 2014 President Ivo Josipović revoked all Sanaders national decorations following the final judgment by the Supreme Court by which he was sentenced to imprisonment for a term of 8 years and 6 months due to his corruption while he served as Prime Minister . - Order of Duke Trpimir - Grand Order of Queen Jelena - Order of the Croatian Trefoil - Homelands Gratitude Medal - Order of Ante Starčević - Order of Danica Hrvatska with the face of Marko Marulić
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Which position did Ivo Sanader hold from Nov 1995 to Nov 1996?
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/wiki/Ivo_Sanader#P39#1
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Ivo Sanader Ivo Sanader ( born 8 June 1953 ) is a Croatian politician who served as Prime Minister of Croatia from 2003 to 2009 . He is to date the longest-serving prime minister since independence , holding the office for over five and a half years before resigning in July 2009 . He is one of only two Croatian prime ministers ( along with Andrej Plenković ) who have served more than one term , winning general elections in 2003 and 2007 . He is also , along with Ivica Račan and Plenković , one of the three prime ministers who have been at the head of more than one government cabinet , chairing his first cabinet from 23 December 2003 until 12 January 2008 , and his second cabinet from 12 January 2008 until his resignation in July 2009 . Sanader obtained his education in comparative literature in Austria , where he also worked as a journalist , in marketing , publishing , and as an entrepreneur . In the 1990s , he was briefly the intendant of the Croatian National Theatre in Split before becoming Minister for Science and Technology as a member of the ruling Croatian Democratic Union ( HDZ ) in the Cabinet of Hrvoje Šarinić in 1992 . In 1993 , he moved into diplomacy and served two terms as Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs . Following the death of Franjo Tuđman , Sanader was elected leader of the HDZ party in 2000 , and again in 2002 , and led the party to victory in the 2003 , and 2007 elections , becoming Croatias prime minister . In June 2009 , Sanader abruptly resigned his post , leaving scarce explanation for his actions and disappearing from public life for a while . In January 2010 , Sanader tried to stage a political comeback within the HDZ , but was ejected from party membership . In December 2010 , Croatian authorities indicted him in two high-profile corruption cases . Sanader fled the country but was apprehended in Austria and then extradited to Croatia in July 2011 . In November 2012 , he was sentenced to 10 years in prison in a first instance verdict , later reduced to years , for funneling 10.4 million euros in public money to the Fimi Media company . However , his sentence was annulled by Croatias Constitutional Court in 2015 . With the exception of numerous Croatian officials who were sentenced to imprisonment during the existence of the socialist Yugoslavia , he is the first Croatian head of government and highest ranking state official to be tried and sentenced to a jail term . In October 2018 , Sanader was sentenced to two and a half years in prison for war profiteering and must return $570,000 in kickbacks from Hypo Bank . In November 2020 , Sanader was sentenced to eight years in jail for his role in a retrial of the Fimi Media case . Early life . Ivo Sanader was born in Split to a poor , religious , working-class family originating from Dugobabe , a village in the Split hinterland . He was one of five children so , as his family was financially unable to support their education , his mother asked the rector of the Archbishopric Classical Gymnasium to accept Ivo as a student . At the gymnasium , Sanader distinguished himself as one of the top students , excelling in history and languages . After completing high school , Sanader spent one year in Rome studying philosophy . Following his return from Rome he met Mirjana Šarić , whom he married in 1978 . After their wedding , Ivo and Mirjana , and Ivos younger brother Miro left Split for Innsbruck , Austria . His wife studied archaeology , while Ivo studied comparative literature and Romance languages at the University of Innsbruck . During that time , Sanader worked as a correspondent for the Zagreb sport newspaper Sportske novosti . In 1982 , Sanader received his PhD degree , and returned to Croatia ( then Yugoslavia ) with his wife . He found a job in the marketing department of Dalmacijaturist ( Dalmatia Tourist ) , for a brief period , followed by a lengthy period at the publishing house Logos from 1983 , initially as a program editor . In 1988 he became a chief editor , at one time working on the magazine Mogućnosti ( Possibilities ) . His career at the publishing house was later terminated . At that time , his wife also received a notice of termination from her workplace . In 1987 , Sanader decided to return to Austria with his family , where he co-founded two businesses , one in 1989 which was liquidated by a court in 1992 , while the other existed between 1986 and 2001 . Failure of his businesses prompted Sanader to enter politics in the 1990s . Apart from his native Croatian , he is fluent in English , German , French , and Italian . Political career . Beginnings ( 1990s–2000 ) . Unlike many Croatian political figures of Sanaders generation , he was not actively involved in politics in his younger years – neither as a member of the League of Communists of Croatia ( Croatias party which formed the single bloc which governed Yugoslavia ) , nor as a dissident in exile . In October 1990 , after multi-party system had returned to Yugoslavia , he founded the Tirol branch of the Croatian Democratic Union ( HDZ ) in Austria , and established contact with Franjo Tuđman . Sanaders organizational skills , erudition , and fluency in German left a favorable impression on HDZ members with whom he collaborated in Austria . He decided to return to Split , over the objections of his wife who saw war in Croatia looming . His first public office was intendant of the Croatian National Theatre in Split . Shortly after taking the office , he was joined by his wife , who got a job in the University Library in Split . In 1992 he was elected as an HDZ deputy to the lower house of the Croatian parliament , and became Minister of Science and Technology ( 1992–1993 ) . From 1993 to 1995 and 1996 to 2000 , he was a Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs , overseeing the termination of required visas for Croatian citizens who traveled to Greece . He also used his negotiation skills to bring people to the Croatian Democratic Union from other Croatian parliamentary parties . At the end of November 1995 , he became Chief of Staff of the President of Croatias office and General Secretary of the Croatian National Security and Defense Council ( VONS ) after Hrvoje Šarinić was released from his duty . In January 1996 he became a member of the Council for Cooperation between Croatia and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina . During his second term as Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs he worked to bring Croatia and Israel together . Himself , Hrvoje Šarinić and Eytan Bentsur , Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Israeli government , met in Budapest in 1997 , at which point diplomatic relations between Croatia and Israel were established . Leader of Opposition ( 2000–03 ) . In 2000 , following Tuđmans death , HDZ suffered defeat in a parliamentary election . Furthermore , their candidate Mate Granić also failed to enter the second round of the presidential election . Granić then left to form the Democratic Centre party hoping to attract moderates from the HDZ . Inner-party election within the HDZ ensued in April that year and Sanader emerged victorious as a compromise candidate . Initially , Sanader criticized the unpopular International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia ( ICTY ) indictments against Croatian Army generals . In 2001 , he took part in a massive rally protesting a war crimes indictment against general Mirko Norac . Sanader also criticised Ivica Račan and his cabinets stance towards the ICTY . He gradually began to distance the party and himself from the protests , softening his criticism towards the government . Sanader focused his efforts on transforming the HDZ into a modern pro-European right-of-center party . However , his course was challenged by the more conservative wing of the party led by Ivić Pašalić . The ensuing leadership struggle culminated at the 2002 party convention . Sanader , who was supported by Vladimir Šeks and Branimir Glavaš , managed to win his second mandate . Pašalić left the party to form his Croatian Bloc , but failed to draw many of his former supporters from the HDZ . Sanader was later accused by Ivan Drmić , a former member of the Croatian Democratic Union , for rigging the presidential election at the 5th convention of the Croatian Democratic Union . Spokesman for the Croatian Democratic Union Ratko Maček said such accusations belong in the anthology of political stupidity . Sanader was able to concentrate on defeating Ivica Račan and his left-of-centre coalition at the 2003 parliamentary elections . HDZ won the election , but did not win an absolute majority in Sabor . First term as Prime Minister ( 2003–07 ) . After the victory of his Croatian Democratic Union ( HDZ ) the President of the Republic named Sanader the Prime Minister-designate on 9 December 2003 . In the post-election negotiations Sanader ensured the support of ethnic minority representatives , nominally left-wing Croatian Party of Pensioners and the Independent Democratic Serb Party . When the Croatian Parliament subsequently gave its consent by 88 votes ( out of 152 ) on 23 December 2003 , Sanader was formally appointed . The Sanader governments main foreign goal was Croatias entry into the European Union and NATO . As a result of the successful implementation of the Association Agreement – signed with the European Union in 2001 – Croatia did become an official candidate for entry into the EU . Sanaders HDZ also sought to establish better relations with minority parties and to promote minority rights . Amongst other factors contributing to the positive opinion of the European Commission and the European Council regarding Croatias bid to become an EU member were Croatias cooperation with the ICTY , continued economic growth and the countrys compliance with political and economic criteria established by the 1993 Copenhagen European Council . Sanader was the last statesman to visit Pope John Paul II in Vatican City , in February 2005 , a few weeks before his death on 2 April 2005 . In October 2005 , following the formal start of EU accession negotiations , opinion polls showed Sanader to be the most popular Croatian politician . Škare Ožbolt reported that Sanader possessed a collection of wrist watches worth in excess of €150,000 which he had not declared as assets . Former Minister of Justice Vesna Škare-Ožbolt in the Sanader government was the one who reported Sanader to a resolution council for conflict of interests . As Prime Minister , Sanader had close relations with other moderate conservative politicians in Europe : including former Austrian Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel , former Bavarian Prime Minister Edmund Stoiber , Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel , and Irish prime minister Bertie Ahern . The cabinet saw some changes during Sanaders term , notably the departure of the foreign minister Miomir Žužul who was accused of conflict of interest . His government was challenged by the rising tide of Euroscepticism in the country . In July 2006 , Sanader was named in the Verona Affair , accused by the opposition in the Croatian parliament for fixing the sale of pharmaceutical company Pliva to Barr Pharmaceuticals from the US . The accusations were denied and never proved . Nacional , an independent political weekly , reported Sanader was a part of two bankrupt businesses in Austria , and received bribes in 1995 and 1996 from a tycoon amounting to 800,000 DEM . Second term as Prime Minister ( 2007–09 ) . After the closely contested 2007 parliamentary election , and the first ever situation of ambiguity on who gets the mandate to form a government , Sanader emerged as the winner when President Stjepan Mesić gave him his second mandate , though this time in a coalition with HSS and HSLS . Owing in part to the global recession that set in during Sanaders term , Croatias economic growth stalled and foreign direct investments slowed down . While displaying symptoms of economic decline shared by larger nations , Croatias decline during Sanaders term was amplified in comparison with the fortunes of Serbia and next door Montenegro – who gained greater investments due to major reforms . Under Sanader , judicial reforms in Croatia stopped and the land registry issue was not resolved . Over 1.3 million court cases ( in a country of 4.1 million people ) were yet to be resolved in 2009 . Croatia was expected to complete negotiations with the EU in 2009 . However , the negotiations were stalled for 10 months due to Slovenias blockade of Croatias EU accession in December 2008 . On 1 July 2009 , Sanader announced his resignation as the Prime Minister and Leader of the HDZ , as well as his complete withdrawal from all active politics , adding that he does not intend to return . At his press conference in Zagreb , Sanader remarked : There is always a time in life for a new beginning . Such a moment has come and now it is time for others to take over . According to BBC News , the announcement came as a surprise , as Croatian media had quite recently named Sanader as a potential candidate for the 2010 presidential election . He announced that his prime minister-designate would be deputy Prime Minister Jadranka Kosor . The Croatian Parliament accepted his resignation on 2 July 2009 and informed the President . Sanader was elected Honorary President of the HDZ for life . Departure and return to politics ( 2009–10 ) . At the September 2009 Global Creative Economic Summit , Sanader discussed Croatias shift from a heavily controlled economy to a bustling knowledge-based economy . According to Sanader , fostering the competitiveness in everyday life played an important role in this process . On 3 January 2010 , contrary to his earlier statements ( 1 July 2009 ) , Sanader announced he would be returning to a more active role in politics , stating that his decision to withdraw was a mistake , and that the HDZ is a winning party and not a party that wins 12% of the vote , a remark made in connection with the first round of the presidential election held one week before . He was supported by a dozen HDZ MPs , including Luka Bebić , but none of the members of the Government . Several of those MPs later disclaimed any association with Sanader and claimed they were misled . On 4 January 2010 , following an entire day of meetings of HDZ leadership , Ivo Sanader was expelled from the Croatian Democratic Union . Of 22 members of the party presidency , 16 voted for expulsion , three were against ( Luka Bebić , Mario Zubović and Damir Polančec ) and two abstained ( Bianca Matković and Petar Selem ) . Sanader himself was not present at the meeting . In October 2010 , Sanader reactivated his parliamentary seat and regained parliamentary immunity . Arrest in Austria . On 9 December 2010 , he was spotted crossing the border into Slovenia , driven by his younger daughter Bruna shortly before the Croatian parliament voted to remove his immunity from prosecution by the Croatian Bureau for Combating Corruption and Organized Crime ( USKOK ) . The next day the Croatian police issued an arrest warrant and applied to Interpol requesting his arrest to face charges of corruption . He was arrested near Salzburg , Austria on 10 December 2010 . Croatian authorities froze his assets and bank accounts , and formally applied for extradition on 13 December . Austrian authorities , including a Carinthian parliamentary committee inquiring into the more recent Hypo Alpe-Adria-Bank International scandal , have questioned Sanader while in custody , while USKOK expanded its investigation of Sanader to include alleged bribes by the Hypo Bank in the 1990s . Sanader is alleged to have received nearly $695,000 ( £432,000 ) for arranging a loan from the Austrian Hypo Bank in 1995 , launching accusations of war profiteering . and of receiving 10 million euros in bribes from the CEO of the Hungarian oil company MOL , Zsolt Hernádi , to secure MOL a dominant position in the Croatian oil company INA . Extradition and trials ( 2011–present ) . Sanader was extradited by Austria on 18 July 2011 . He was transferred to Remetinec prison in Zagreb . At his first court hearing on 28 October , he complained of heart problems , and he stated that he did not even know he was being taken to court . After hearing this , the judge decided to reschedule , and Sanader was taken to the hospital . His rescheduled court hearing took place in December 2011 and he was released on bail of $2.2 million on 16 December 2011 . In January 2012 , it was announced that Sanader was facing a new set of corruption charges . USKOK included Sanader in its investigation into Croatias state-owned electric company HEPs financial irregularities , including losses of $100 million , based on a witness statement that Sanader accepted a bribe to ensure lower electricity prices . In May 2012 , it was announced that Sanader could be indicted again on corruption offences . It was alleged that he could be charged for his involvement in arranging the sale of electricity to Croatian petrochemical company Dioki Group at prices below market , which damaged the state electricity company HEP by several million Kunas . The former CEO and owner of Dioki , Ivan Mravak and Robert Jezic could also face charges . In September 2012 , A fifth indictment was filed against Ivo Sanader for damaging the state budget by 26 million kuna ( 3.6 million euro ) . Prosecutors claimed that the damage was done by selling a building built by Fiolics firm to the Ministry of Regional Development for more than twice the price that the building was actually worth . According to calculations of Croatian news site Politika Plus from 2012 , total damage done to the budget due to corruption scandals involving Sanader counts at least 207,2 million kuna . On 20 November 2012 Sanader was sentenced to 10 years in prison in a first-degree verdict . He was the highest official in Croatia to be convicted of corruption . Sanader denied wrongdoing and stated that his trial was politically motivated . The judge , Ivan Turudić , said that Sanader had disgraced Croatia , adding that he had used his office for his own personal enrichment and not for the common good . Sanader was transferred from the court to the Remetinec prison . In June 2014 the Supreme Court of Croatia confirmed the 2012 verdict , but reduced Sanaders prison sentence to years . On that occasion , president Ivo Josipović described Sanaders involvement in MOLs acquisition of INA as high treason . In 2015 , the verdict was quashed by the Constitutional Court based on procedural errors made during the trial . He was released after spending nearly 5 years both in custody and prison . He is set to stand a retrial . In 2017 , he was sentenced to in another case , yet to be confirmed by the upper courts . In 2020 , he was convicted to 8 years in prison as the result of retrial . As of 2021 , he is serving his sentence at Remetinec prison . Honors . Revoked . On 15 July 2014 President Ivo Josipović revoked all Sanaders national decorations following the final judgment by the Supreme Court by which he was sentenced to imprisonment for a term of 8 years and 6 months due to his corruption while he served as Prime Minister . - Order of Duke Trpimir - Grand Order of Queen Jelena - Order of the Croatian Trefoil - Homelands Gratitude Medal - Order of Ante Starčević - Order of Danica Hrvatska with the face of Marko Marulić
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Ivo Sanader took which position from Dec 2003 to Jul 2009?
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Ivo Sanader Ivo Sanader ( born 8 June 1953 ) is a Croatian politician who served as Prime Minister of Croatia from 2003 to 2009 . He is to date the longest-serving prime minister since independence , holding the office for over five and a half years before resigning in July 2009 . He is one of only two Croatian prime ministers ( along with Andrej Plenković ) who have served more than one term , winning general elections in 2003 and 2007 . He is also , along with Ivica Račan and Plenković , one of the three prime ministers who have been at the head of more than one government cabinet , chairing his first cabinet from 23 December 2003 until 12 January 2008 , and his second cabinet from 12 January 2008 until his resignation in July 2009 . Sanader obtained his education in comparative literature in Austria , where he also worked as a journalist , in marketing , publishing , and as an entrepreneur . In the 1990s , he was briefly the intendant of the Croatian National Theatre in Split before becoming Minister for Science and Technology as a member of the ruling Croatian Democratic Union ( HDZ ) in the Cabinet of Hrvoje Šarinić in 1992 . In 1993 , he moved into diplomacy and served two terms as Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs . Following the death of Franjo Tuđman , Sanader was elected leader of the HDZ party in 2000 , and again in 2002 , and led the party to victory in the 2003 , and 2007 elections , becoming Croatias prime minister . In June 2009 , Sanader abruptly resigned his post , leaving scarce explanation for his actions and disappearing from public life for a while . In January 2010 , Sanader tried to stage a political comeback within the HDZ , but was ejected from party membership . In December 2010 , Croatian authorities indicted him in two high-profile corruption cases . Sanader fled the country but was apprehended in Austria and then extradited to Croatia in July 2011 . In November 2012 , he was sentenced to 10 years in prison in a first instance verdict , later reduced to years , for funneling 10.4 million euros in public money to the Fimi Media company . However , his sentence was annulled by Croatias Constitutional Court in 2015 . With the exception of numerous Croatian officials who were sentenced to imprisonment during the existence of the socialist Yugoslavia , he is the first Croatian head of government and highest ranking state official to be tried and sentenced to a jail term . In October 2018 , Sanader was sentenced to two and a half years in prison for war profiteering and must return $570,000 in kickbacks from Hypo Bank . In November 2020 , Sanader was sentenced to eight years in jail for his role in a retrial of the Fimi Media case . Early life . Ivo Sanader was born in Split to a poor , religious , working-class family originating from Dugobabe , a village in the Split hinterland . He was one of five children so , as his family was financially unable to support their education , his mother asked the rector of the Archbishopric Classical Gymnasium to accept Ivo as a student . At the gymnasium , Sanader distinguished himself as one of the top students , excelling in history and languages . After completing high school , Sanader spent one year in Rome studying philosophy . Following his return from Rome he met Mirjana Šarić , whom he married in 1978 . After their wedding , Ivo and Mirjana , and Ivos younger brother Miro left Split for Innsbruck , Austria . His wife studied archaeology , while Ivo studied comparative literature and Romance languages at the University of Innsbruck . During that time , Sanader worked as a correspondent for the Zagreb sport newspaper Sportske novosti . In 1982 , Sanader received his PhD degree , and returned to Croatia ( then Yugoslavia ) with his wife . He found a job in the marketing department of Dalmacijaturist ( Dalmatia Tourist ) , for a brief period , followed by a lengthy period at the publishing house Logos from 1983 , initially as a program editor . In 1988 he became a chief editor , at one time working on the magazine Mogućnosti ( Possibilities ) . His career at the publishing house was later terminated . At that time , his wife also received a notice of termination from her workplace . In 1987 , Sanader decided to return to Austria with his family , where he co-founded two businesses , one in 1989 which was liquidated by a court in 1992 , while the other existed between 1986 and 2001 . Failure of his businesses prompted Sanader to enter politics in the 1990s . Apart from his native Croatian , he is fluent in English , German , French , and Italian . Political career . Beginnings ( 1990s–2000 ) . Unlike many Croatian political figures of Sanaders generation , he was not actively involved in politics in his younger years – neither as a member of the League of Communists of Croatia ( Croatias party which formed the single bloc which governed Yugoslavia ) , nor as a dissident in exile . In October 1990 , after multi-party system had returned to Yugoslavia , he founded the Tirol branch of the Croatian Democratic Union ( HDZ ) in Austria , and established contact with Franjo Tuđman . Sanaders organizational skills , erudition , and fluency in German left a favorable impression on HDZ members with whom he collaborated in Austria . He decided to return to Split , over the objections of his wife who saw war in Croatia looming . His first public office was intendant of the Croatian National Theatre in Split . Shortly after taking the office , he was joined by his wife , who got a job in the University Library in Split . In 1992 he was elected as an HDZ deputy to the lower house of the Croatian parliament , and became Minister of Science and Technology ( 1992–1993 ) . From 1993 to 1995 and 1996 to 2000 , he was a Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs , overseeing the termination of required visas for Croatian citizens who traveled to Greece . He also used his negotiation skills to bring people to the Croatian Democratic Union from other Croatian parliamentary parties . At the end of November 1995 , he became Chief of Staff of the President of Croatias office and General Secretary of the Croatian National Security and Defense Council ( VONS ) after Hrvoje Šarinić was released from his duty . In January 1996 he became a member of the Council for Cooperation between Croatia and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina . During his second term as Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs he worked to bring Croatia and Israel together . Himself , Hrvoje Šarinić and Eytan Bentsur , Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Israeli government , met in Budapest in 1997 , at which point diplomatic relations between Croatia and Israel were established . Leader of Opposition ( 2000–03 ) . In 2000 , following Tuđmans death , HDZ suffered defeat in a parliamentary election . Furthermore , their candidate Mate Granić also failed to enter the second round of the presidential election . Granić then left to form the Democratic Centre party hoping to attract moderates from the HDZ . Inner-party election within the HDZ ensued in April that year and Sanader emerged victorious as a compromise candidate . Initially , Sanader criticized the unpopular International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia ( ICTY ) indictments against Croatian Army generals . In 2001 , he took part in a massive rally protesting a war crimes indictment against general Mirko Norac . Sanader also criticised Ivica Račan and his cabinets stance towards the ICTY . He gradually began to distance the party and himself from the protests , softening his criticism towards the government . Sanader focused his efforts on transforming the HDZ into a modern pro-European right-of-center party . However , his course was challenged by the more conservative wing of the party led by Ivić Pašalić . The ensuing leadership struggle culminated at the 2002 party convention . Sanader , who was supported by Vladimir Šeks and Branimir Glavaš , managed to win his second mandate . Pašalić left the party to form his Croatian Bloc , but failed to draw many of his former supporters from the HDZ . Sanader was later accused by Ivan Drmić , a former member of the Croatian Democratic Union , for rigging the presidential election at the 5th convention of the Croatian Democratic Union . Spokesman for the Croatian Democratic Union Ratko Maček said such accusations belong in the anthology of political stupidity . Sanader was able to concentrate on defeating Ivica Račan and his left-of-centre coalition at the 2003 parliamentary elections . HDZ won the election , but did not win an absolute majority in Sabor . First term as Prime Minister ( 2003–07 ) . After the victory of his Croatian Democratic Union ( HDZ ) the President of the Republic named Sanader the Prime Minister-designate on 9 December 2003 . In the post-election negotiations Sanader ensured the support of ethnic minority representatives , nominally left-wing Croatian Party of Pensioners and the Independent Democratic Serb Party . When the Croatian Parliament subsequently gave its consent by 88 votes ( out of 152 ) on 23 December 2003 , Sanader was formally appointed . The Sanader governments main foreign goal was Croatias entry into the European Union and NATO . As a result of the successful implementation of the Association Agreement – signed with the European Union in 2001 – Croatia did become an official candidate for entry into the EU . Sanaders HDZ also sought to establish better relations with minority parties and to promote minority rights . Amongst other factors contributing to the positive opinion of the European Commission and the European Council regarding Croatias bid to become an EU member were Croatias cooperation with the ICTY , continued economic growth and the countrys compliance with political and economic criteria established by the 1993 Copenhagen European Council . Sanader was the last statesman to visit Pope John Paul II in Vatican City , in February 2005 , a few weeks before his death on 2 April 2005 . In October 2005 , following the formal start of EU accession negotiations , opinion polls showed Sanader to be the most popular Croatian politician . Škare Ožbolt reported that Sanader possessed a collection of wrist watches worth in excess of €150,000 which he had not declared as assets . Former Minister of Justice Vesna Škare-Ožbolt in the Sanader government was the one who reported Sanader to a resolution council for conflict of interests . As Prime Minister , Sanader had close relations with other moderate conservative politicians in Europe : including former Austrian Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel , former Bavarian Prime Minister Edmund Stoiber , Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel , and Irish prime minister Bertie Ahern . The cabinet saw some changes during Sanaders term , notably the departure of the foreign minister Miomir Žužul who was accused of conflict of interest . His government was challenged by the rising tide of Euroscepticism in the country . In July 2006 , Sanader was named in the Verona Affair , accused by the opposition in the Croatian parliament for fixing the sale of pharmaceutical company Pliva to Barr Pharmaceuticals from the US . The accusations were denied and never proved . Nacional , an independent political weekly , reported Sanader was a part of two bankrupt businesses in Austria , and received bribes in 1995 and 1996 from a tycoon amounting to 800,000 DEM . Second term as Prime Minister ( 2007–09 ) . After the closely contested 2007 parliamentary election , and the first ever situation of ambiguity on who gets the mandate to form a government , Sanader emerged as the winner when President Stjepan Mesić gave him his second mandate , though this time in a coalition with HSS and HSLS . Owing in part to the global recession that set in during Sanaders term , Croatias economic growth stalled and foreign direct investments slowed down . While displaying symptoms of economic decline shared by larger nations , Croatias decline during Sanaders term was amplified in comparison with the fortunes of Serbia and next door Montenegro – who gained greater investments due to major reforms . Under Sanader , judicial reforms in Croatia stopped and the land registry issue was not resolved . Over 1.3 million court cases ( in a country of 4.1 million people ) were yet to be resolved in 2009 . Croatia was expected to complete negotiations with the EU in 2009 . However , the negotiations were stalled for 10 months due to Slovenias blockade of Croatias EU accession in December 2008 . On 1 July 2009 , Sanader announced his resignation as the Prime Minister and Leader of the HDZ , as well as his complete withdrawal from all active politics , adding that he does not intend to return . At his press conference in Zagreb , Sanader remarked : There is always a time in life for a new beginning . Such a moment has come and now it is time for others to take over . According to BBC News , the announcement came as a surprise , as Croatian media had quite recently named Sanader as a potential candidate for the 2010 presidential election . He announced that his prime minister-designate would be deputy Prime Minister Jadranka Kosor . The Croatian Parliament accepted his resignation on 2 July 2009 and informed the President . Sanader was elected Honorary President of the HDZ for life . Departure and return to politics ( 2009–10 ) . At the September 2009 Global Creative Economic Summit , Sanader discussed Croatias shift from a heavily controlled economy to a bustling knowledge-based economy . According to Sanader , fostering the competitiveness in everyday life played an important role in this process . On 3 January 2010 , contrary to his earlier statements ( 1 July 2009 ) , Sanader announced he would be returning to a more active role in politics , stating that his decision to withdraw was a mistake , and that the HDZ is a winning party and not a party that wins 12% of the vote , a remark made in connection with the first round of the presidential election held one week before . He was supported by a dozen HDZ MPs , including Luka Bebić , but none of the members of the Government . Several of those MPs later disclaimed any association with Sanader and claimed they were misled . On 4 January 2010 , following an entire day of meetings of HDZ leadership , Ivo Sanader was expelled from the Croatian Democratic Union . Of 22 members of the party presidency , 16 voted for expulsion , three were against ( Luka Bebić , Mario Zubović and Damir Polančec ) and two abstained ( Bianca Matković and Petar Selem ) . Sanader himself was not present at the meeting . In October 2010 , Sanader reactivated his parliamentary seat and regained parliamentary immunity . Arrest in Austria . On 9 December 2010 , he was spotted crossing the border into Slovenia , driven by his younger daughter Bruna shortly before the Croatian parliament voted to remove his immunity from prosecution by the Croatian Bureau for Combating Corruption and Organized Crime ( USKOK ) . The next day the Croatian police issued an arrest warrant and applied to Interpol requesting his arrest to face charges of corruption . He was arrested near Salzburg , Austria on 10 December 2010 . Croatian authorities froze his assets and bank accounts , and formally applied for extradition on 13 December . Austrian authorities , including a Carinthian parliamentary committee inquiring into the more recent Hypo Alpe-Adria-Bank International scandal , have questioned Sanader while in custody , while USKOK expanded its investigation of Sanader to include alleged bribes by the Hypo Bank in the 1990s . Sanader is alleged to have received nearly $695,000 ( £432,000 ) for arranging a loan from the Austrian Hypo Bank in 1995 , launching accusations of war profiteering . and of receiving 10 million euros in bribes from the CEO of the Hungarian oil company MOL , Zsolt Hernádi , to secure MOL a dominant position in the Croatian oil company INA . Extradition and trials ( 2011–present ) . Sanader was extradited by Austria on 18 July 2011 . He was transferred to Remetinec prison in Zagreb . At his first court hearing on 28 October , he complained of heart problems , and he stated that he did not even know he was being taken to court . After hearing this , the judge decided to reschedule , and Sanader was taken to the hospital . His rescheduled court hearing took place in December 2011 and he was released on bail of $2.2 million on 16 December 2011 . In January 2012 , it was announced that Sanader was facing a new set of corruption charges . USKOK included Sanader in its investigation into Croatias state-owned electric company HEPs financial irregularities , including losses of $100 million , based on a witness statement that Sanader accepted a bribe to ensure lower electricity prices . In May 2012 , it was announced that Sanader could be indicted again on corruption offences . It was alleged that he could be charged for his involvement in arranging the sale of electricity to Croatian petrochemical company Dioki Group at prices below market , which damaged the state electricity company HEP by several million Kunas . The former CEO and owner of Dioki , Ivan Mravak and Robert Jezic could also face charges . In September 2012 , A fifth indictment was filed against Ivo Sanader for damaging the state budget by 26 million kuna ( 3.6 million euro ) . Prosecutors claimed that the damage was done by selling a building built by Fiolics firm to the Ministry of Regional Development for more than twice the price that the building was actually worth . According to calculations of Croatian news site Politika Plus from 2012 , total damage done to the budget due to corruption scandals involving Sanader counts at least 207,2 million kuna . On 20 November 2012 Sanader was sentenced to 10 years in prison in a first-degree verdict . He was the highest official in Croatia to be convicted of corruption . Sanader denied wrongdoing and stated that his trial was politically motivated . The judge , Ivan Turudić , said that Sanader had disgraced Croatia , adding that he had used his office for his own personal enrichment and not for the common good . Sanader was transferred from the court to the Remetinec prison . In June 2014 the Supreme Court of Croatia confirmed the 2012 verdict , but reduced Sanaders prison sentence to years . On that occasion , president Ivo Josipović described Sanaders involvement in MOLs acquisition of INA as high treason . In 2015 , the verdict was quashed by the Constitutional Court based on procedural errors made during the trial . He was released after spending nearly 5 years both in custody and prison . He is set to stand a retrial . In 2017 , he was sentenced to in another case , yet to be confirmed by the upper courts . In 2020 , he was convicted to 8 years in prison as the result of retrial . As of 2021 , he is serving his sentence at Remetinec prison . Honors . Revoked . On 15 July 2014 President Ivo Josipović revoked all Sanaders national decorations following the final judgment by the Supreme Court by which he was sentenced to imprisonment for a term of 8 years and 6 months due to his corruption while he served as Prime Minister . - Order of Duke Trpimir - Grand Order of Queen Jelena - Order of the Croatian Trefoil - Homelands Gratitude Medal - Order of Ante Starčević - Order of Danica Hrvatska with the face of Marko Marulić
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Ivo Sanader took which position from Oct 2010 to Dec 2011?
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/wiki/Ivo_Sanader#P39#3
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Ivo Sanader Ivo Sanader ( born 8 June 1953 ) is a Croatian politician who served as Prime Minister of Croatia from 2003 to 2009 . He is to date the longest-serving prime minister since independence , holding the office for over five and a half years before resigning in July 2009 . He is one of only two Croatian prime ministers ( along with Andrej Plenković ) who have served more than one term , winning general elections in 2003 and 2007 . He is also , along with Ivica Račan and Plenković , one of the three prime ministers who have been at the head of more than one government cabinet , chairing his first cabinet from 23 December 2003 until 12 January 2008 , and his second cabinet from 12 January 2008 until his resignation in July 2009 . Sanader obtained his education in comparative literature in Austria , where he also worked as a journalist , in marketing , publishing , and as an entrepreneur . In the 1990s , he was briefly the intendant of the Croatian National Theatre in Split before becoming Minister for Science and Technology as a member of the ruling Croatian Democratic Union ( HDZ ) in the Cabinet of Hrvoje Šarinić in 1992 . In 1993 , he moved into diplomacy and served two terms as Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs . Following the death of Franjo Tuđman , Sanader was elected leader of the HDZ party in 2000 , and again in 2002 , and led the party to victory in the 2003 , and 2007 elections , becoming Croatias prime minister . In June 2009 , Sanader abruptly resigned his post , leaving scarce explanation for his actions and disappearing from public life for a while . In January 2010 , Sanader tried to stage a political comeback within the HDZ , but was ejected from party membership . In December 2010 , Croatian authorities indicted him in two high-profile corruption cases . Sanader fled the country but was apprehended in Austria and then extradited to Croatia in July 2011 . In November 2012 , he was sentenced to 10 years in prison in a first instance verdict , later reduced to years , for funneling 10.4 million euros in public money to the Fimi Media company . However , his sentence was annulled by Croatias Constitutional Court in 2015 . With the exception of numerous Croatian officials who were sentenced to imprisonment during the existence of the socialist Yugoslavia , he is the first Croatian head of government and highest ranking state official to be tried and sentenced to a jail term . In October 2018 , Sanader was sentenced to two and a half years in prison for war profiteering and must return $570,000 in kickbacks from Hypo Bank . In November 2020 , Sanader was sentenced to eight years in jail for his role in a retrial of the Fimi Media case . Early life . Ivo Sanader was born in Split to a poor , religious , working-class family originating from Dugobabe , a village in the Split hinterland . He was one of five children so , as his family was financially unable to support their education , his mother asked the rector of the Archbishopric Classical Gymnasium to accept Ivo as a student . At the gymnasium , Sanader distinguished himself as one of the top students , excelling in history and languages . After completing high school , Sanader spent one year in Rome studying philosophy . Following his return from Rome he met Mirjana Šarić , whom he married in 1978 . After their wedding , Ivo and Mirjana , and Ivos younger brother Miro left Split for Innsbruck , Austria . His wife studied archaeology , while Ivo studied comparative literature and Romance languages at the University of Innsbruck . During that time , Sanader worked as a correspondent for the Zagreb sport newspaper Sportske novosti . In 1982 , Sanader received his PhD degree , and returned to Croatia ( then Yugoslavia ) with his wife . He found a job in the marketing department of Dalmacijaturist ( Dalmatia Tourist ) , for a brief period , followed by a lengthy period at the publishing house Logos from 1983 , initially as a program editor . In 1988 he became a chief editor , at one time working on the magazine Mogućnosti ( Possibilities ) . His career at the publishing house was later terminated . At that time , his wife also received a notice of termination from her workplace . In 1987 , Sanader decided to return to Austria with his family , where he co-founded two businesses , one in 1989 which was liquidated by a court in 1992 , while the other existed between 1986 and 2001 . Failure of his businesses prompted Sanader to enter politics in the 1990s . Apart from his native Croatian , he is fluent in English , German , French , and Italian . Political career . Beginnings ( 1990s–2000 ) . Unlike many Croatian political figures of Sanaders generation , he was not actively involved in politics in his younger years – neither as a member of the League of Communists of Croatia ( Croatias party which formed the single bloc which governed Yugoslavia ) , nor as a dissident in exile . In October 1990 , after multi-party system had returned to Yugoslavia , he founded the Tirol branch of the Croatian Democratic Union ( HDZ ) in Austria , and established contact with Franjo Tuđman . Sanaders organizational skills , erudition , and fluency in German left a favorable impression on HDZ members with whom he collaborated in Austria . He decided to return to Split , over the objections of his wife who saw war in Croatia looming . His first public office was intendant of the Croatian National Theatre in Split . Shortly after taking the office , he was joined by his wife , who got a job in the University Library in Split . In 1992 he was elected as an HDZ deputy to the lower house of the Croatian parliament , and became Minister of Science and Technology ( 1992–1993 ) . From 1993 to 1995 and 1996 to 2000 , he was a Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs , overseeing the termination of required visas for Croatian citizens who traveled to Greece . He also used his negotiation skills to bring people to the Croatian Democratic Union from other Croatian parliamentary parties . At the end of November 1995 , he became Chief of Staff of the President of Croatias office and General Secretary of the Croatian National Security and Defense Council ( VONS ) after Hrvoje Šarinić was released from his duty . In January 1996 he became a member of the Council for Cooperation between Croatia and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina . During his second term as Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs he worked to bring Croatia and Israel together . Himself , Hrvoje Šarinić and Eytan Bentsur , Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Israeli government , met in Budapest in 1997 , at which point diplomatic relations between Croatia and Israel were established . Leader of Opposition ( 2000–03 ) . In 2000 , following Tuđmans death , HDZ suffered defeat in a parliamentary election . Furthermore , their candidate Mate Granić also failed to enter the second round of the presidential election . Granić then left to form the Democratic Centre party hoping to attract moderates from the HDZ . Inner-party election within the HDZ ensued in April that year and Sanader emerged victorious as a compromise candidate . Initially , Sanader criticized the unpopular International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia ( ICTY ) indictments against Croatian Army generals . In 2001 , he took part in a massive rally protesting a war crimes indictment against general Mirko Norac . Sanader also criticised Ivica Račan and his cabinets stance towards the ICTY . He gradually began to distance the party and himself from the protests , softening his criticism towards the government . Sanader focused his efforts on transforming the HDZ into a modern pro-European right-of-center party . However , his course was challenged by the more conservative wing of the party led by Ivić Pašalić . The ensuing leadership struggle culminated at the 2002 party convention . Sanader , who was supported by Vladimir Šeks and Branimir Glavaš , managed to win his second mandate . Pašalić left the party to form his Croatian Bloc , but failed to draw many of his former supporters from the HDZ . Sanader was later accused by Ivan Drmić , a former member of the Croatian Democratic Union , for rigging the presidential election at the 5th convention of the Croatian Democratic Union . Spokesman for the Croatian Democratic Union Ratko Maček said such accusations belong in the anthology of political stupidity . Sanader was able to concentrate on defeating Ivica Račan and his left-of-centre coalition at the 2003 parliamentary elections . HDZ won the election , but did not win an absolute majority in Sabor . First term as Prime Minister ( 2003–07 ) . After the victory of his Croatian Democratic Union ( HDZ ) the President of the Republic named Sanader the Prime Minister-designate on 9 December 2003 . In the post-election negotiations Sanader ensured the support of ethnic minority representatives , nominally left-wing Croatian Party of Pensioners and the Independent Democratic Serb Party . When the Croatian Parliament subsequently gave its consent by 88 votes ( out of 152 ) on 23 December 2003 , Sanader was formally appointed . The Sanader governments main foreign goal was Croatias entry into the European Union and NATO . As a result of the successful implementation of the Association Agreement – signed with the European Union in 2001 – Croatia did become an official candidate for entry into the EU . Sanaders HDZ also sought to establish better relations with minority parties and to promote minority rights . Amongst other factors contributing to the positive opinion of the European Commission and the European Council regarding Croatias bid to become an EU member were Croatias cooperation with the ICTY , continued economic growth and the countrys compliance with political and economic criteria established by the 1993 Copenhagen European Council . Sanader was the last statesman to visit Pope John Paul II in Vatican City , in February 2005 , a few weeks before his death on 2 April 2005 . In October 2005 , following the formal start of EU accession negotiations , opinion polls showed Sanader to be the most popular Croatian politician . Škare Ožbolt reported that Sanader possessed a collection of wrist watches worth in excess of €150,000 which he had not declared as assets . Former Minister of Justice Vesna Škare-Ožbolt in the Sanader government was the one who reported Sanader to a resolution council for conflict of interests . As Prime Minister , Sanader had close relations with other moderate conservative politicians in Europe : including former Austrian Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel , former Bavarian Prime Minister Edmund Stoiber , Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel , and Irish prime minister Bertie Ahern . The cabinet saw some changes during Sanaders term , notably the departure of the foreign minister Miomir Žužul who was accused of conflict of interest . His government was challenged by the rising tide of Euroscepticism in the country . In July 2006 , Sanader was named in the Verona Affair , accused by the opposition in the Croatian parliament for fixing the sale of pharmaceutical company Pliva to Barr Pharmaceuticals from the US . The accusations were denied and never proved . Nacional , an independent political weekly , reported Sanader was a part of two bankrupt businesses in Austria , and received bribes in 1995 and 1996 from a tycoon amounting to 800,000 DEM . Second term as Prime Minister ( 2007–09 ) . After the closely contested 2007 parliamentary election , and the first ever situation of ambiguity on who gets the mandate to form a government , Sanader emerged as the winner when President Stjepan Mesić gave him his second mandate , though this time in a coalition with HSS and HSLS . Owing in part to the global recession that set in during Sanaders term , Croatias economic growth stalled and foreign direct investments slowed down . While displaying symptoms of economic decline shared by larger nations , Croatias decline during Sanaders term was amplified in comparison with the fortunes of Serbia and next door Montenegro – who gained greater investments due to major reforms . Under Sanader , judicial reforms in Croatia stopped and the land registry issue was not resolved . Over 1.3 million court cases ( in a country of 4.1 million people ) were yet to be resolved in 2009 . Croatia was expected to complete negotiations with the EU in 2009 . However , the negotiations were stalled for 10 months due to Slovenias blockade of Croatias EU accession in December 2008 . On 1 July 2009 , Sanader announced his resignation as the Prime Minister and Leader of the HDZ , as well as his complete withdrawal from all active politics , adding that he does not intend to return . At his press conference in Zagreb , Sanader remarked : There is always a time in life for a new beginning . Such a moment has come and now it is time for others to take over . According to BBC News , the announcement came as a surprise , as Croatian media had quite recently named Sanader as a potential candidate for the 2010 presidential election . He announced that his prime minister-designate would be deputy Prime Minister Jadranka Kosor . The Croatian Parliament accepted his resignation on 2 July 2009 and informed the President . Sanader was elected Honorary President of the HDZ for life . Departure and return to politics ( 2009–10 ) . At the September 2009 Global Creative Economic Summit , Sanader discussed Croatias shift from a heavily controlled economy to a bustling knowledge-based economy . According to Sanader , fostering the competitiveness in everyday life played an important role in this process . On 3 January 2010 , contrary to his earlier statements ( 1 July 2009 ) , Sanader announced he would be returning to a more active role in politics , stating that his decision to withdraw was a mistake , and that the HDZ is a winning party and not a party that wins 12% of the vote , a remark made in connection with the first round of the presidential election held one week before . He was supported by a dozen HDZ MPs , including Luka Bebić , but none of the members of the Government . Several of those MPs later disclaimed any association with Sanader and claimed they were misled . On 4 January 2010 , following an entire day of meetings of HDZ leadership , Ivo Sanader was expelled from the Croatian Democratic Union . Of 22 members of the party presidency , 16 voted for expulsion , three were against ( Luka Bebić , Mario Zubović and Damir Polančec ) and two abstained ( Bianca Matković and Petar Selem ) . Sanader himself was not present at the meeting . In October 2010 , Sanader reactivated his parliamentary seat and regained parliamentary immunity . Arrest in Austria . On 9 December 2010 , he was spotted crossing the border into Slovenia , driven by his younger daughter Bruna shortly before the Croatian parliament voted to remove his immunity from prosecution by the Croatian Bureau for Combating Corruption and Organized Crime ( USKOK ) . The next day the Croatian police issued an arrest warrant and applied to Interpol requesting his arrest to face charges of corruption . He was arrested near Salzburg , Austria on 10 December 2010 . Croatian authorities froze his assets and bank accounts , and formally applied for extradition on 13 December . Austrian authorities , including a Carinthian parliamentary committee inquiring into the more recent Hypo Alpe-Adria-Bank International scandal , have questioned Sanader while in custody , while USKOK expanded its investigation of Sanader to include alleged bribes by the Hypo Bank in the 1990s . Sanader is alleged to have received nearly $695,000 ( £432,000 ) for arranging a loan from the Austrian Hypo Bank in 1995 , launching accusations of war profiteering . and of receiving 10 million euros in bribes from the CEO of the Hungarian oil company MOL , Zsolt Hernádi , to secure MOL a dominant position in the Croatian oil company INA . Extradition and trials ( 2011–present ) . Sanader was extradited by Austria on 18 July 2011 . He was transferred to Remetinec prison in Zagreb . At his first court hearing on 28 October , he complained of heart problems , and he stated that he did not even know he was being taken to court . After hearing this , the judge decided to reschedule , and Sanader was taken to the hospital . His rescheduled court hearing took place in December 2011 and he was released on bail of $2.2 million on 16 December 2011 . In January 2012 , it was announced that Sanader was facing a new set of corruption charges . USKOK included Sanader in its investigation into Croatias state-owned electric company HEPs financial irregularities , including losses of $100 million , based on a witness statement that Sanader accepted a bribe to ensure lower electricity prices . In May 2012 , it was announced that Sanader could be indicted again on corruption offences . It was alleged that he could be charged for his involvement in arranging the sale of electricity to Croatian petrochemical company Dioki Group at prices below market , which damaged the state electricity company HEP by several million Kunas . The former CEO and owner of Dioki , Ivan Mravak and Robert Jezic could also face charges . In September 2012 , A fifth indictment was filed against Ivo Sanader for damaging the state budget by 26 million kuna ( 3.6 million euro ) . Prosecutors claimed that the damage was done by selling a building built by Fiolics firm to the Ministry of Regional Development for more than twice the price that the building was actually worth . According to calculations of Croatian news site Politika Plus from 2012 , total damage done to the budget due to corruption scandals involving Sanader counts at least 207,2 million kuna . On 20 November 2012 Sanader was sentenced to 10 years in prison in a first-degree verdict . He was the highest official in Croatia to be convicted of corruption . Sanader denied wrongdoing and stated that his trial was politically motivated . The judge , Ivan Turudić , said that Sanader had disgraced Croatia , adding that he had used his office for his own personal enrichment and not for the common good . Sanader was transferred from the court to the Remetinec prison . In June 2014 the Supreme Court of Croatia confirmed the 2012 verdict , but reduced Sanaders prison sentence to years . On that occasion , president Ivo Josipović described Sanaders involvement in MOLs acquisition of INA as high treason . In 2015 , the verdict was quashed by the Constitutional Court based on procedural errors made during the trial . He was released after spending nearly 5 years both in custody and prison . He is set to stand a retrial . In 2017 , he was sentenced to in another case , yet to be confirmed by the upper courts . In 2020 , he was convicted to 8 years in prison as the result of retrial . As of 2021 , he is serving his sentence at Remetinec prison . Honors . Revoked . On 15 July 2014 President Ivo Josipović revoked all Sanaders national decorations following the final judgment by the Supreme Court by which he was sentenced to imprisonment for a term of 8 years and 6 months due to his corruption while he served as Prime Minister . - Order of Duke Trpimir - Grand Order of Queen Jelena - Order of the Croatian Trefoil - Homelands Gratitude Medal - Order of Ante Starčević - Order of Danica Hrvatska with the face of Marko Marulić
|
[
"Racing Club"
] |
easy
|
Which team did José Omar Pastoriza play for from 1964 to 1966?
|
/wiki/José_Omar_Pastoriza#P54#0
|
José Omar Pastoriza José Omar Pastoriza ( 23 May 1942 – 2 August 2004 ) was a football midfielder for Independiente , AS Monaco , and the Argentina national football team , as well as manager for many teams including the Venezuela national team . Playing career . El Pato ( The Duck ) Pastoriza was born in Rosario , and started his career in Rosario Central , but gained renown with Colón de Santa Fe . He moved to Racing Club , but was transferred to rival Independiente after 53 matches due to a poor team performance and the precarious economic situation . He stayed 6 years with Independiente , winning 3 first division tournaments and a Copa Libertadores . In 1971 , he was awarded the Olimpia de Oro , which is given to the Argentine footballer of the year . After the 1972 season he transferred to French AS Monaco , where he retired as a player . Coaching career . Having good relations with players , El Pato Patoriza coached the a number of clubs in Argentina , Colombia , Brazil , Bolivia and Spain , as well as the national teams of El Salvador and Venezuela . Pastoriza began his managerial career in 1976 with Independiente , the club where he won another three national leagues , another Libertadores Cup and the Intercontinental Cup in 1984 . He also worked as the manager of Talleres de Córdoba on many occasions . He had a single stint as manager of several Argentine clubs such as Racing Club , Boca Juniors and Argentinos Juniors . Pastorizas first foreign appointment was in 1982 , at the Colombian Club Deportivo Los Millonarios . He was manager of Brazilian team Fluminense ( 1985 ) before returning to Argentina . In 1992 , he worked as manager of the Spanish Atlético Madrid , and in 1994 he worked with Bolivian Club Bolívar . Pastoriza served as the coach of the El Salvador national football team between 1995 and 1996 and as the coach of Venezuela between 1998 and 2000 . In 2004 , he died in Buenos Aires during his fifth stint as manager of Independiente . He had a heart attack at his apartment , and the emergency doctors could not save him . Pastoriza had a history of health problems , but kept smoking anyway . The funeral was performed at the Independiente headquarters . Jairo Castillo , player of Independiente , was repeatedly booked by the referee in later games for removing his shirt to reveal tributes to Pastoriza . As a result , it was decided to add Pastorizas nickname Pato to the official Independiente kit in 2004 . Honours . Player . - Independiente - Argentine Primera División ( 3 ) : Nacional 1967 , Metropolitano 1970 , Metropolitano 1971 - Copa Libertadores ( 1 ) : 1972 - Individual - Footballer of the Year of Argentina ( 1 ) : 1971 Manager . - Independiente - Argentine Primera División ( 3 ) : Nacional 1977 , Nacional 1978 , Metropolitano 1983 - Copa Libertadores ( 1 ) : 1984 - Intercontinental Cup ( 1 ) : 1984 External links . - Short Biography
|
[
"Independiente"
] |
easy
|
José Omar Pastoriza played for which team from 1966 to 1972?
|
/wiki/José_Omar_Pastoriza#P54#1
|
José Omar Pastoriza José Omar Pastoriza ( 23 May 1942 – 2 August 2004 ) was a football midfielder for Independiente , AS Monaco , and the Argentina national football team , as well as manager for many teams including the Venezuela national team . Playing career . El Pato ( The Duck ) Pastoriza was born in Rosario , and started his career in Rosario Central , but gained renown with Colón de Santa Fe . He moved to Racing Club , but was transferred to rival Independiente after 53 matches due to a poor team performance and the precarious economic situation . He stayed 6 years with Independiente , winning 3 first division tournaments and a Copa Libertadores . In 1971 , he was awarded the Olimpia de Oro , which is given to the Argentine footballer of the year . After the 1972 season he transferred to French AS Monaco , where he retired as a player . Coaching career . Having good relations with players , El Pato Patoriza coached the a number of clubs in Argentina , Colombia , Brazil , Bolivia and Spain , as well as the national teams of El Salvador and Venezuela . Pastoriza began his managerial career in 1976 with Independiente , the club where he won another three national leagues , another Libertadores Cup and the Intercontinental Cup in 1984 . He also worked as the manager of Talleres de Córdoba on many occasions . He had a single stint as manager of several Argentine clubs such as Racing Club , Boca Juniors and Argentinos Juniors . Pastorizas first foreign appointment was in 1982 , at the Colombian Club Deportivo Los Millonarios . He was manager of Brazilian team Fluminense ( 1985 ) before returning to Argentina . In 1992 , he worked as manager of the Spanish Atlético Madrid , and in 1994 he worked with Bolivian Club Bolívar . Pastoriza served as the coach of the El Salvador national football team between 1995 and 1996 and as the coach of Venezuela between 1998 and 2000 . In 2004 , he died in Buenos Aires during his fifth stint as manager of Independiente . He had a heart attack at his apartment , and the emergency doctors could not save him . Pastoriza had a history of health problems , but kept smoking anyway . The funeral was performed at the Independiente headquarters . Jairo Castillo , player of Independiente , was repeatedly booked by the referee in later games for removing his shirt to reveal tributes to Pastoriza . As a result , it was decided to add Pastorizas nickname Pato to the official Independiente kit in 2004 . Honours . Player . - Independiente - Argentine Primera División ( 3 ) : Nacional 1967 , Metropolitano 1970 , Metropolitano 1971 - Copa Libertadores ( 1 ) : 1972 - Individual - Footballer of the Year of Argentina ( 1 ) : 1971 Manager . - Independiente - Argentine Primera División ( 3 ) : Nacional 1977 , Nacional 1978 , Metropolitano 1983 - Copa Libertadores ( 1 ) : 1984 - Intercontinental Cup ( 1 ) : 1984 External links . - Short Biography
|
[
"AS Monaco"
] |
easy
|
Which team did José Omar Pastoriza play for from 1972 to 1976?
|
/wiki/José_Omar_Pastoriza#P54#2
|
José Omar Pastoriza José Omar Pastoriza ( 23 May 1942 – 2 August 2004 ) was a football midfielder for Independiente , AS Monaco , and the Argentina national football team , as well as manager for many teams including the Venezuela national team . Playing career . El Pato ( The Duck ) Pastoriza was born in Rosario , and started his career in Rosario Central , but gained renown with Colón de Santa Fe . He moved to Racing Club , but was transferred to rival Independiente after 53 matches due to a poor team performance and the precarious economic situation . He stayed 6 years with Independiente , winning 3 first division tournaments and a Copa Libertadores . In 1971 , he was awarded the Olimpia de Oro , which is given to the Argentine footballer of the year . After the 1972 season he transferred to French AS Monaco , where he retired as a player . Coaching career . Having good relations with players , El Pato Patoriza coached the a number of clubs in Argentina , Colombia , Brazil , Bolivia and Spain , as well as the national teams of El Salvador and Venezuela . Pastoriza began his managerial career in 1976 with Independiente , the club where he won another three national leagues , another Libertadores Cup and the Intercontinental Cup in 1984 . He also worked as the manager of Talleres de Córdoba on many occasions . He had a single stint as manager of several Argentine clubs such as Racing Club , Boca Juniors and Argentinos Juniors . Pastorizas first foreign appointment was in 1982 , at the Colombian Club Deportivo Los Millonarios . He was manager of Brazilian team Fluminense ( 1985 ) before returning to Argentina . In 1992 , he worked as manager of the Spanish Atlético Madrid , and in 1994 he worked with Bolivian Club Bolívar . Pastoriza served as the coach of the El Salvador national football team between 1995 and 1996 and as the coach of Venezuela between 1998 and 2000 . In 2004 , he died in Buenos Aires during his fifth stint as manager of Independiente . He had a heart attack at his apartment , and the emergency doctors could not save him . Pastoriza had a history of health problems , but kept smoking anyway . The funeral was performed at the Independiente headquarters . Jairo Castillo , player of Independiente , was repeatedly booked by the referee in later games for removing his shirt to reveal tributes to Pastoriza . As a result , it was decided to add Pastorizas nickname Pato to the official Independiente kit in 2004 . Honours . Player . - Independiente - Argentine Primera División ( 3 ) : Nacional 1967 , Metropolitano 1970 , Metropolitano 1971 - Copa Libertadores ( 1 ) : 1972 - Individual - Footballer of the Year of Argentina ( 1 ) : 1971 Manager . - Independiente - Argentine Primera División ( 3 ) : Nacional 1977 , Nacional 1978 , Metropolitano 1983 - Copa Libertadores ( 1 ) : 1984 - Intercontinental Cup ( 1 ) : 1984 External links . - Short Biography
|
[
"Air France"
] |
easy
|
Which employer did Catherine Guillouard work for from 1997 to 2007?
|
/wiki/Catherine_Guillouard#P108#0
|
Catherine Guillouard Catherine Guillouard ( born January 23 , 1965 in Cannes ) is a French businesswoman . She has been the Chairwoman and Chief Executive Officer of RATP since August 2017 . Educational background . After having finishing her secondary studies in Cannes and a ski diploma ( she holds a national diploma as a ski instructor ) . , Catherine Guillouard obtained a law degree from Sophia Antipolis University in Nice . She then went on to receive a masters degree in Political Science from Panthéon-Assas University in 1986 . She also holds a diploma from the Paris Institute of Political Studies ( Public Service section ) , is a 1993 graduate of the École nationale dadministration ( Léon-Gambetta class ) and has a masters degree in European law from Panthéon-Sorbonne University . Career . Upon completion of her studies at the École nationale dadministration in 1993 , Catherine Guillouard began her career at the Ministry for the Economy in the French Treasury , initially working for the department in charge of the Africa-CFA zone and later in the Banking Affairs Department . She joined Air France four years later where she remained for 10 years ( 1997-2007 ) , working in a diverse range of positions , from finance to human resources , operations and the management of transformation projects . Air France ( 1997-2007 ) . From 1997 to 1999 , Catherine Guillouard worked at Air France as a Senior Project Manager . She organised and coordinated the plan to open the companys capital allowing its employees to hold 11% of its shares . As Deputy Vice-President of Finance Management ( 1999-2001 ) , she established a new management loop process with a five-year strategic vision and a three-year mid-term plan . She worked together with a team on the revision of management tools , notably on the creation of a tool for the analysis of the air network ( ARA ) which measures its profitability . In 2001 , she was named Senior-Vice President of Flight Operations . Alongside the Deputy CEO , she managed the Flight Operations division , made up of 4,000 pilots in the Group and a ground staff of 1,200 . During the same time , she chaired the committee for the establishment of Flight Operations where all of the companys technical and commercial flight personnel trade unions are located . In 2003 , she was promoted to the position Senior Vice-President of Human Resources and Change Management where she managed four branches : training , recruitment , human resources policy for ground staff and human resources development . She also drove the “Increase change” project for the companys executive board , which together with the “Customers” and “Alliances” projects made up the three pillars of Air Frances strategic plan designed by Jean-Cyril Spinetta . Her involvement in the companys strategy led her to become the head of Air France’s Financial Affairs Division . From 2004 to 2007 , she renegotiated new bank lines of credit for €1.2 billion , succeeded in the first convertible bonds transaction totalling €450 million for the Air France KLM Group as well as a conventional bond for €550 million . She also improved the shareholdings monitoring policy and optimised the cash-flow process . Eutelsat ( 2007-2013 ) . In 2007 , she joined Eutelsat as Chief Financial Officer and member of the Executive Committee . She led a number of noteworthy initiatives , among which the refinancing of the company in a phased approach amounting to €3.4 billion , acquisitions particularly in Asia and a revision of the companys internal reporting . She was also responsible for the implementation of an innovative satellite insurance policy . Rexel ( 2013-2017 ) . Catherine Guillouard was named Chief Financial Director at Rexel from 2013 to 2017 , and Deputy Chief Executive Officer as of May 2014 . As Deputy Executive Director , her mission was to assist the CEO in the implementation of the strategy confirmed by the Groups board of directors and to manage the Groups financial performance . Her role also covered the Groups auditing , internal control , risk management , compliance , legal matters , indirect procurement and mergers and acquisitions . She actively contributed to defining and implementing the strategic plan , notably regarding the setting up of a digital transformation plan . She also drove a very steady external growth policy composed of 14 operations over three years ( 2013-2016 ) , in South-East Asia , the Middle East , the United States and France . At the same time as these targeted acquisitions , she managed the companys departure from Latin America , Poland , the Baltic States and Slovakia . She also led several large-scale transformation projects , such as the review of the governance of risk management and compliance , the implementation of a very efficient procedure for the closing of accounts and the revision of the legal department . RATP Group ( since 2017 ) . On August 2 , 2017 , Catherine Guillouard succeeded Élisabeth Borne as Chairwoman of the Régie autonome des transports parisiens ( RATP ) . The Group , which today is worth €5.45 billion , is one of the worlds leading urban public transport operators , carrying more than 16 million passengers per day in 14 countries on four continents . With more than 20% of its revenue generated internationally , RATP is a multimodal operator - with more than eight modes of transport - and the world leader in the tramway and automatic metro . The expertise of its 60,000 employees in engineering , maintenance and operations , its many projects ( more than 3,000 carried out in 2017-2018 , a level unmatched since the 1930s ) and its very high investment level in Île-de-France ( €8.5 billion between 2016-2020 , of which €4.2 billion in equity and €1.74 billion in investment planned in 2018 ) make RATP a major economic and social player . On December 8 , 2017 , Catherine Guillouard presented her strategic orientations to the Board of Directors . This operational plan , builds on Élisabeth Bornes 2025 Challenges business plan , based on extensive in-house consultation , and sets a two-fold ambition for RATP Group : to be a leader in sustainable and connected mobility and to establish itself as the privileged partner of smart cities . This ambition is based on four priorities : achieving operational excellence , succeeding in the opening up to competition , being the best partner for smart and sustainable cities and increasing RATP Groups international development . These four priorities , implemented as of January 2018 , are followed by very concrete objectives , such as making customer service a constant requirement by developing more and more personalised services , thanks to an ambitious digital transformation plan ( €500 million over five years ) or becoming a key player in the sustainable city , thanks to a vast conversion program of bus depots to electric and gas by 2025 , to have a fleet of 100% clean buses . Other projects in progress : to be exemplary in terms of energy transition by reducing the Groups energy consumption by 20% and reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by 2025 , making RATP a champion of multimodal mobility in France and worldwide , through a policy of equity participation in start-ups and a doubling of the Groups international sales in five years , creating more and more places of social diversity in the urban landscape ( bringing together maintenance , private , social & student housing , nurseries ... ) just as the RATP has already demonstrated in the context of the transformation of the Lagny and Jourdan bus depots . Other mandates . Catherine Guillouard has been a board member representing the French state at Engie since 2015 and an independent board member at Airbus since 2016 . She previously served as an independent board member of Technicolor from 2010 to 2013 and Aéroports de Paris from 2011 to 2013 . Since 2017 , she is also Vice-Chairwoman of the Supervisory Board of Systra , a joint engineering subsidiary of RATP Group and SNCF . Decorations . Catherine Guillouard was awarded the title of Chevalier in the National Order of Merit , on November 14 , 2008 .
|
[
"Eutelsat"
] |
easy
|
Catherine Guillouard was an employee for whom from 2007 to 2013?
|
/wiki/Catherine_Guillouard#P108#1
|
Catherine Guillouard Catherine Guillouard ( born January 23 , 1965 in Cannes ) is a French businesswoman . She has been the Chairwoman and Chief Executive Officer of RATP since August 2017 . Educational background . After having finishing her secondary studies in Cannes and a ski diploma ( she holds a national diploma as a ski instructor ) . , Catherine Guillouard obtained a law degree from Sophia Antipolis University in Nice . She then went on to receive a masters degree in Political Science from Panthéon-Assas University in 1986 . She also holds a diploma from the Paris Institute of Political Studies ( Public Service section ) , is a 1993 graduate of the École nationale dadministration ( Léon-Gambetta class ) and has a masters degree in European law from Panthéon-Sorbonne University . Career . Upon completion of her studies at the École nationale dadministration in 1993 , Catherine Guillouard began her career at the Ministry for the Economy in the French Treasury , initially working for the department in charge of the Africa-CFA zone and later in the Banking Affairs Department . She joined Air France four years later where she remained for 10 years ( 1997-2007 ) , working in a diverse range of positions , from finance to human resources , operations and the management of transformation projects . Air France ( 1997-2007 ) . From 1997 to 1999 , Catherine Guillouard worked at Air France as a Senior Project Manager . She organised and coordinated the plan to open the companys capital allowing its employees to hold 11% of its shares . As Deputy Vice-President of Finance Management ( 1999-2001 ) , she established a new management loop process with a five-year strategic vision and a three-year mid-term plan . She worked together with a team on the revision of management tools , notably on the creation of a tool for the analysis of the air network ( ARA ) which measures its profitability . In 2001 , she was named Senior-Vice President of Flight Operations . Alongside the Deputy CEO , she managed the Flight Operations division , made up of 4,000 pilots in the Group and a ground staff of 1,200 . During the same time , she chaired the committee for the establishment of Flight Operations where all of the companys technical and commercial flight personnel trade unions are located . In 2003 , she was promoted to the position Senior Vice-President of Human Resources and Change Management where she managed four branches : training , recruitment , human resources policy for ground staff and human resources development . She also drove the “Increase change” project for the companys executive board , which together with the “Customers” and “Alliances” projects made up the three pillars of Air Frances strategic plan designed by Jean-Cyril Spinetta . Her involvement in the companys strategy led her to become the head of Air France’s Financial Affairs Division . From 2004 to 2007 , she renegotiated new bank lines of credit for €1.2 billion , succeeded in the first convertible bonds transaction totalling €450 million for the Air France KLM Group as well as a conventional bond for €550 million . She also improved the shareholdings monitoring policy and optimised the cash-flow process . Eutelsat ( 2007-2013 ) . In 2007 , she joined Eutelsat as Chief Financial Officer and member of the Executive Committee . She led a number of noteworthy initiatives , among which the refinancing of the company in a phased approach amounting to €3.4 billion , acquisitions particularly in Asia and a revision of the companys internal reporting . She was also responsible for the implementation of an innovative satellite insurance policy . Rexel ( 2013-2017 ) . Catherine Guillouard was named Chief Financial Director at Rexel from 2013 to 2017 , and Deputy Chief Executive Officer as of May 2014 . As Deputy Executive Director , her mission was to assist the CEO in the implementation of the strategy confirmed by the Groups board of directors and to manage the Groups financial performance . Her role also covered the Groups auditing , internal control , risk management , compliance , legal matters , indirect procurement and mergers and acquisitions . She actively contributed to defining and implementing the strategic plan , notably regarding the setting up of a digital transformation plan . She also drove a very steady external growth policy composed of 14 operations over three years ( 2013-2016 ) , in South-East Asia , the Middle East , the United States and France . At the same time as these targeted acquisitions , she managed the companys departure from Latin America , Poland , the Baltic States and Slovakia . She also led several large-scale transformation projects , such as the review of the governance of risk management and compliance , the implementation of a very efficient procedure for the closing of accounts and the revision of the legal department . RATP Group ( since 2017 ) . On August 2 , 2017 , Catherine Guillouard succeeded Élisabeth Borne as Chairwoman of the Régie autonome des transports parisiens ( RATP ) . The Group , which today is worth €5.45 billion , is one of the worlds leading urban public transport operators , carrying more than 16 million passengers per day in 14 countries on four continents . With more than 20% of its revenue generated internationally , RATP is a multimodal operator - with more than eight modes of transport - and the world leader in the tramway and automatic metro . The expertise of its 60,000 employees in engineering , maintenance and operations , its many projects ( more than 3,000 carried out in 2017-2018 , a level unmatched since the 1930s ) and its very high investment level in Île-de-France ( €8.5 billion between 2016-2020 , of which €4.2 billion in equity and €1.74 billion in investment planned in 2018 ) make RATP a major economic and social player . On December 8 , 2017 , Catherine Guillouard presented her strategic orientations to the Board of Directors . This operational plan , builds on Élisabeth Bornes 2025 Challenges business plan , based on extensive in-house consultation , and sets a two-fold ambition for RATP Group : to be a leader in sustainable and connected mobility and to establish itself as the privileged partner of smart cities . This ambition is based on four priorities : achieving operational excellence , succeeding in the opening up to competition , being the best partner for smart and sustainable cities and increasing RATP Groups international development . These four priorities , implemented as of January 2018 , are followed by very concrete objectives , such as making customer service a constant requirement by developing more and more personalised services , thanks to an ambitious digital transformation plan ( €500 million over five years ) or becoming a key player in the sustainable city , thanks to a vast conversion program of bus depots to electric and gas by 2025 , to have a fleet of 100% clean buses . Other projects in progress : to be exemplary in terms of energy transition by reducing the Groups energy consumption by 20% and reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by 2025 , making RATP a champion of multimodal mobility in France and worldwide , through a policy of equity participation in start-ups and a doubling of the Groups international sales in five years , creating more and more places of social diversity in the urban landscape ( bringing together maintenance , private , social & student housing , nurseries ... ) just as the RATP has already demonstrated in the context of the transformation of the Lagny and Jourdan bus depots . Other mandates . Catherine Guillouard has been a board member representing the French state at Engie since 2015 and an independent board member at Airbus since 2016 . She previously served as an independent board member of Technicolor from 2010 to 2013 and Aéroports de Paris from 2011 to 2013 . Since 2017 , she is also Vice-Chairwoman of the Supervisory Board of Systra , a joint engineering subsidiary of RATP Group and SNCF . Decorations . Catherine Guillouard was awarded the title of Chevalier in the National Order of Merit , on November 14 , 2008 .
|
[
"Rexel"
] |
easy
|
What was the name of the employer Catherine Guillouard work for from 2013 to 2017?
|
/wiki/Catherine_Guillouard#P108#2
|
Catherine Guillouard Catherine Guillouard ( born January 23 , 1965 in Cannes ) is a French businesswoman . She has been the Chairwoman and Chief Executive Officer of RATP since August 2017 . Educational background . After having finishing her secondary studies in Cannes and a ski diploma ( she holds a national diploma as a ski instructor ) . , Catherine Guillouard obtained a law degree from Sophia Antipolis University in Nice . She then went on to receive a masters degree in Political Science from Panthéon-Assas University in 1986 . She also holds a diploma from the Paris Institute of Political Studies ( Public Service section ) , is a 1993 graduate of the École nationale dadministration ( Léon-Gambetta class ) and has a masters degree in European law from Panthéon-Sorbonne University . Career . Upon completion of her studies at the École nationale dadministration in 1993 , Catherine Guillouard began her career at the Ministry for the Economy in the French Treasury , initially working for the department in charge of the Africa-CFA zone and later in the Banking Affairs Department . She joined Air France four years later where she remained for 10 years ( 1997-2007 ) , working in a diverse range of positions , from finance to human resources , operations and the management of transformation projects . Air France ( 1997-2007 ) . From 1997 to 1999 , Catherine Guillouard worked at Air France as a Senior Project Manager . She organised and coordinated the plan to open the companys capital allowing its employees to hold 11% of its shares . As Deputy Vice-President of Finance Management ( 1999-2001 ) , she established a new management loop process with a five-year strategic vision and a three-year mid-term plan . She worked together with a team on the revision of management tools , notably on the creation of a tool for the analysis of the air network ( ARA ) which measures its profitability . In 2001 , she was named Senior-Vice President of Flight Operations . Alongside the Deputy CEO , she managed the Flight Operations division , made up of 4,000 pilots in the Group and a ground staff of 1,200 . During the same time , she chaired the committee for the establishment of Flight Operations where all of the companys technical and commercial flight personnel trade unions are located . In 2003 , she was promoted to the position Senior Vice-President of Human Resources and Change Management where she managed four branches : training , recruitment , human resources policy for ground staff and human resources development . She also drove the “Increase change” project for the companys executive board , which together with the “Customers” and “Alliances” projects made up the three pillars of Air Frances strategic plan designed by Jean-Cyril Spinetta . Her involvement in the companys strategy led her to become the head of Air France’s Financial Affairs Division . From 2004 to 2007 , she renegotiated new bank lines of credit for €1.2 billion , succeeded in the first convertible bonds transaction totalling €450 million for the Air France KLM Group as well as a conventional bond for €550 million . She also improved the shareholdings monitoring policy and optimised the cash-flow process . Eutelsat ( 2007-2013 ) . In 2007 , she joined Eutelsat as Chief Financial Officer and member of the Executive Committee . She led a number of noteworthy initiatives , among which the refinancing of the company in a phased approach amounting to €3.4 billion , acquisitions particularly in Asia and a revision of the companys internal reporting . She was also responsible for the implementation of an innovative satellite insurance policy . Rexel ( 2013-2017 ) . Catherine Guillouard was named Chief Financial Director at Rexel from 2013 to 2017 , and Deputy Chief Executive Officer as of May 2014 . As Deputy Executive Director , her mission was to assist the CEO in the implementation of the strategy confirmed by the Groups board of directors and to manage the Groups financial performance . Her role also covered the Groups auditing , internal control , risk management , compliance , legal matters , indirect procurement and mergers and acquisitions . She actively contributed to defining and implementing the strategic plan , notably regarding the setting up of a digital transformation plan . She also drove a very steady external growth policy composed of 14 operations over three years ( 2013-2016 ) , in South-East Asia , the Middle East , the United States and France . At the same time as these targeted acquisitions , she managed the companys departure from Latin America , Poland , the Baltic States and Slovakia . She also led several large-scale transformation projects , such as the review of the governance of risk management and compliance , the implementation of a very efficient procedure for the closing of accounts and the revision of the legal department . RATP Group ( since 2017 ) . On August 2 , 2017 , Catherine Guillouard succeeded Élisabeth Borne as Chairwoman of the Régie autonome des transports parisiens ( RATP ) . The Group , which today is worth €5.45 billion , is one of the worlds leading urban public transport operators , carrying more than 16 million passengers per day in 14 countries on four continents . With more than 20% of its revenue generated internationally , RATP is a multimodal operator - with more than eight modes of transport - and the world leader in the tramway and automatic metro . The expertise of its 60,000 employees in engineering , maintenance and operations , its many projects ( more than 3,000 carried out in 2017-2018 , a level unmatched since the 1930s ) and its very high investment level in Île-de-France ( €8.5 billion between 2016-2020 , of which €4.2 billion in equity and €1.74 billion in investment planned in 2018 ) make RATP a major economic and social player . On December 8 , 2017 , Catherine Guillouard presented her strategic orientations to the Board of Directors . This operational plan , builds on Élisabeth Bornes 2025 Challenges business plan , based on extensive in-house consultation , and sets a two-fold ambition for RATP Group : to be a leader in sustainable and connected mobility and to establish itself as the privileged partner of smart cities . This ambition is based on four priorities : achieving operational excellence , succeeding in the opening up to competition , being the best partner for smart and sustainable cities and increasing RATP Groups international development . These four priorities , implemented as of January 2018 , are followed by very concrete objectives , such as making customer service a constant requirement by developing more and more personalised services , thanks to an ambitious digital transformation plan ( €500 million over five years ) or becoming a key player in the sustainable city , thanks to a vast conversion program of bus depots to electric and gas by 2025 , to have a fleet of 100% clean buses . Other projects in progress : to be exemplary in terms of energy transition by reducing the Groups energy consumption by 20% and reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by 2025 , making RATP a champion of multimodal mobility in France and worldwide , through a policy of equity participation in start-ups and a doubling of the Groups international sales in five years , creating more and more places of social diversity in the urban landscape ( bringing together maintenance , private , social & student housing , nurseries ... ) just as the RATP has already demonstrated in the context of the transformation of the Lagny and Jourdan bus depots . Other mandates . Catherine Guillouard has been a board member representing the French state at Engie since 2015 and an independent board member at Airbus since 2016 . She previously served as an independent board member of Technicolor from 2010 to 2013 and Aéroports de Paris from 2011 to 2013 . Since 2017 , she is also Vice-Chairwoman of the Supervisory Board of Systra , a joint engineering subsidiary of RATP Group and SNCF . Decorations . Catherine Guillouard was awarded the title of Chevalier in the National Order of Merit , on November 14 , 2008 .
|
[
"RATP"
] |
easy
|
Who did Catherine Guillouard work for from 2017 to 2018?
|
/wiki/Catherine_Guillouard#P108#3
|
Catherine Guillouard Catherine Guillouard ( born January 23 , 1965 in Cannes ) is a French businesswoman . She has been the Chairwoman and Chief Executive Officer of RATP since August 2017 . Educational background . After having finishing her secondary studies in Cannes and a ski diploma ( she holds a national diploma as a ski instructor ) . , Catherine Guillouard obtained a law degree from Sophia Antipolis University in Nice . She then went on to receive a masters degree in Political Science from Panthéon-Assas University in 1986 . She also holds a diploma from the Paris Institute of Political Studies ( Public Service section ) , is a 1993 graduate of the École nationale dadministration ( Léon-Gambetta class ) and has a masters degree in European law from Panthéon-Sorbonne University . Career . Upon completion of her studies at the École nationale dadministration in 1993 , Catherine Guillouard began her career at the Ministry for the Economy in the French Treasury , initially working for the department in charge of the Africa-CFA zone and later in the Banking Affairs Department . She joined Air France four years later where she remained for 10 years ( 1997-2007 ) , working in a diverse range of positions , from finance to human resources , operations and the management of transformation projects . Air France ( 1997-2007 ) . From 1997 to 1999 , Catherine Guillouard worked at Air France as a Senior Project Manager . She organised and coordinated the plan to open the companys capital allowing its employees to hold 11% of its shares . As Deputy Vice-President of Finance Management ( 1999-2001 ) , she established a new management loop process with a five-year strategic vision and a three-year mid-term plan . She worked together with a team on the revision of management tools , notably on the creation of a tool for the analysis of the air network ( ARA ) which measures its profitability . In 2001 , she was named Senior-Vice President of Flight Operations . Alongside the Deputy CEO , she managed the Flight Operations division , made up of 4,000 pilots in the Group and a ground staff of 1,200 . During the same time , she chaired the committee for the establishment of Flight Operations where all of the companys technical and commercial flight personnel trade unions are located . In 2003 , she was promoted to the position Senior Vice-President of Human Resources and Change Management where she managed four branches : training , recruitment , human resources policy for ground staff and human resources development . She also drove the “Increase change” project for the companys executive board , which together with the “Customers” and “Alliances” projects made up the three pillars of Air Frances strategic plan designed by Jean-Cyril Spinetta . Her involvement in the companys strategy led her to become the head of Air France’s Financial Affairs Division . From 2004 to 2007 , she renegotiated new bank lines of credit for €1.2 billion , succeeded in the first convertible bonds transaction totalling €450 million for the Air France KLM Group as well as a conventional bond for €550 million . She also improved the shareholdings monitoring policy and optimised the cash-flow process . Eutelsat ( 2007-2013 ) . In 2007 , she joined Eutelsat as Chief Financial Officer and member of the Executive Committee . She led a number of noteworthy initiatives , among which the refinancing of the company in a phased approach amounting to €3.4 billion , acquisitions particularly in Asia and a revision of the companys internal reporting . She was also responsible for the implementation of an innovative satellite insurance policy . Rexel ( 2013-2017 ) . Catherine Guillouard was named Chief Financial Director at Rexel from 2013 to 2017 , and Deputy Chief Executive Officer as of May 2014 . As Deputy Executive Director , her mission was to assist the CEO in the implementation of the strategy confirmed by the Groups board of directors and to manage the Groups financial performance . Her role also covered the Groups auditing , internal control , risk management , compliance , legal matters , indirect procurement and mergers and acquisitions . She actively contributed to defining and implementing the strategic plan , notably regarding the setting up of a digital transformation plan . She also drove a very steady external growth policy composed of 14 operations over three years ( 2013-2016 ) , in South-East Asia , the Middle East , the United States and France . At the same time as these targeted acquisitions , she managed the companys departure from Latin America , Poland , the Baltic States and Slovakia . She also led several large-scale transformation projects , such as the review of the governance of risk management and compliance , the implementation of a very efficient procedure for the closing of accounts and the revision of the legal department . RATP Group ( since 2017 ) . On August 2 , 2017 , Catherine Guillouard succeeded Élisabeth Borne as Chairwoman of the Régie autonome des transports parisiens ( RATP ) . The Group , which today is worth €5.45 billion , is one of the worlds leading urban public transport operators , carrying more than 16 million passengers per day in 14 countries on four continents . With more than 20% of its revenue generated internationally , RATP is a multimodal operator - with more than eight modes of transport - and the world leader in the tramway and automatic metro . The expertise of its 60,000 employees in engineering , maintenance and operations , its many projects ( more than 3,000 carried out in 2017-2018 , a level unmatched since the 1930s ) and its very high investment level in Île-de-France ( €8.5 billion between 2016-2020 , of which €4.2 billion in equity and €1.74 billion in investment planned in 2018 ) make RATP a major economic and social player . On December 8 , 2017 , Catherine Guillouard presented her strategic orientations to the Board of Directors . This operational plan , builds on Élisabeth Bornes 2025 Challenges business plan , based on extensive in-house consultation , and sets a two-fold ambition for RATP Group : to be a leader in sustainable and connected mobility and to establish itself as the privileged partner of smart cities . This ambition is based on four priorities : achieving operational excellence , succeeding in the opening up to competition , being the best partner for smart and sustainable cities and increasing RATP Groups international development . These four priorities , implemented as of January 2018 , are followed by very concrete objectives , such as making customer service a constant requirement by developing more and more personalised services , thanks to an ambitious digital transformation plan ( €500 million over five years ) or becoming a key player in the sustainable city , thanks to a vast conversion program of bus depots to electric and gas by 2025 , to have a fleet of 100% clean buses . Other projects in progress : to be exemplary in terms of energy transition by reducing the Groups energy consumption by 20% and reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by 2025 , making RATP a champion of multimodal mobility in France and worldwide , through a policy of equity participation in start-ups and a doubling of the Groups international sales in five years , creating more and more places of social diversity in the urban landscape ( bringing together maintenance , private , social & student housing , nurseries ... ) just as the RATP has already demonstrated in the context of the transformation of the Lagny and Jourdan bus depots . Other mandates . Catherine Guillouard has been a board member representing the French state at Engie since 2015 and an independent board member at Airbus since 2016 . She previously served as an independent board member of Technicolor from 2010 to 2013 and Aéroports de Paris from 2011 to 2013 . Since 2017 , she is also Vice-Chairwoman of the Supervisory Board of Systra , a joint engineering subsidiary of RATP Group and SNCF . Decorations . Catherine Guillouard was awarded the title of Chevalier in the National Order of Merit , on November 14 , 2008 .
|
[
"Walt Disney Studios"
] |
easy
|
Who did Jack Hannah work for from 1933 to 1959?
|
/wiki/Jack_Hannah#P108#0
|
Jack Hannah John Frederick Jack Hannah ( January 5 , 1913 – June 11 , 1994 ) was an American animator , writer and director of animated shorts . Biography . Hannah was born on January 5 , 1913 , in Nogales , Arizona . He moved to Los Angeles in 1931 to study at the Art Guild Academy . One of his first jobs was designing movie posters for Hollywood theaters . In 1933 , during the Great Depression , Hannah dropped off his portfolio at Walt Disney Studios , and soon afterward was hired as an in-between and clean-up artist , working on Mickey Mouse , Donald Duck , and Silly Symphony cartoons . Hannahs career as an animator commenced with the short Modern Inventions ( released on May 29 , 1937 ) . After thirteen films in that capacity , he was assigned to the story department writing cartoon short continuities , beginning with Donalds Nephews ( released on April 15 , 1938 ) . He received writing credit on 21 Disney cartoon shorts . In 1942 he collaborated with Carl Barks on the first two comic books Barks worked on , Pluto Saves the Ship and Donald Duck Finds Pirate Gold . Hannah in subsequent years did a handful of other Donald Duck comic book stories but , unlike Barks , he stayed at the studio and eventually was given a chance to be a director . The short Donalds Off Day ( released on December 8 , 1944 ) was the first of 94 films he would direct . These include most of the shorts featuring Donald Duck in the post-war era along with all starring Chip n Dale and Humphrey the Bear ; he also directed some shorts starring Goofy , Mickey Mouse , Pluto and some minor Disney characters such as Lambert the Sheepish Lion . After Disney stopped producing animated shorts , Hannah did 14 episodes of the Walt Disney anthology television series ( composed of footage from the classic cartoons along with new linking material ) and fulfilled his ambition to direct live-action by handling Walt Disneys introductions for the episodes . Hannah hoped to segue into a career in live-action but Walt had me pegged as an animation director so he balked at the suggestion . We had a few heated discussions and I became aware that I had come to an impasse . Hannah then went to Walter Lantz Productions and directed a number of films featuring Woody Woodpecker and some minor characters . Besides directing shorts , Hannah also was Assistant Director for the television series The Woody Woodpecker Show , which began airing on October 3 , 1957 . I did more or less the same thing that I did with Walt Disney in directing live-action except Lantz was better at taking direction . His last directing effort was the short Charlies Mother-In-Law ( released on April 16 , 1963 ) . He retired shortly thereafter . In 1975 , Hannah was one of the co-founders , along with T . Hee , of the Character Animation program at the California Institute of the Arts . Hannah was honored as a Disney Legend in 1992 . Jack Hannah is often credited with developing , if not creating , the personality of the animated version of Donald Duck . It is for this reason Disney historian Jim Korkis has dubbed him Donald Ducks Other Daddy . Despite that , Hannah has often been noted for being responsible for Donalds most formulaic period , where constantly paired Donald with pint-sized antagonists . The most famous of these antagonists are Chip n Dale , but other characters included Spike the Bee , Bootle Beetle and a colony of ants . These vermin became the focus of their shorts , relegating Donald to a supporting foil role with a consequent personality diminution . Hannah died in Burbank , California on June 11 , 1994 , at age 81 . Filmography . TV series . - Disneyland ( 1954-79 ) - The Donald Duck Story ( director and story ; 1954 ) - Adventures of Mickey Mouse ( director ; 1955 ) - At Home with Donald Duck ( director ; 1956 ) - The Great Cat Family ( segment director ; 1956 ) - Where Do the Stories Come From ? ( director ; 1956 ) - On Vacation ( director ; 1956 ) - A Day in the Life of Donald Duck ( director;1956 ) - Duck for Hire ( director ; 1957 ) - Donalds Award ( director ; 1957 ) - All About Magic ( sequence director ; 1957 ) - Your Host , Donald Duck ( director;1957 ) - From All of Us to All of You ( director ; 1958 ) - Four Tales on a Mouse ( director : Christmas sequence ; 1958 ) - Donalds Weekend ( director ; 1958 ) - Highway to Trouble ( director;1959 ) - Duck Flies Coop ( director ; 1959 ) - Two Happy Amigos ( director;1960 ) - This Is Your Life Donald Duck ( director;1960 ) - Kids Is Kids ( segment director ; 1961 ) - A Square Peg in a Round Hole ( segment director ; 1963 ) - The Ranger of Brownstone ( sequence director ; 1968 ) - Baseball Fever ( director ; 1979 ) - The Woody Woodpecker Show ( 1957-58 ) - Mattys Funday Funnies ( TV Series ) ( 1962 ; story ) External links . - Jack Hannah Remembers Pirate Gold at Mouse Planet - Donald Ducks Other Daddy ( Part One )
|
[
"Walt Disney Studios"
] |
easy
|
Jack Hannah was an employee for whom from 1962 to 1967?
|
/wiki/Jack_Hannah#P108#1
|
Jack Hannah John Frederick Jack Hannah ( January 5 , 1913 – June 11 , 1994 ) was an American animator , writer and director of animated shorts . Biography . Hannah was born on January 5 , 1913 , in Nogales , Arizona . He moved to Los Angeles in 1931 to study at the Art Guild Academy . One of his first jobs was designing movie posters for Hollywood theaters . In 1933 , during the Great Depression , Hannah dropped off his portfolio at Walt Disney Studios , and soon afterward was hired as an in-between and clean-up artist , working on Mickey Mouse , Donald Duck , and Silly Symphony cartoons . Hannahs career as an animator commenced with the short Modern Inventions ( released on May 29 , 1937 ) . After thirteen films in that capacity , he was assigned to the story department writing cartoon short continuities , beginning with Donalds Nephews ( released on April 15 , 1938 ) . He received writing credit on 21 Disney cartoon shorts . In 1942 he collaborated with Carl Barks on the first two comic books Barks worked on , Pluto Saves the Ship and Donald Duck Finds Pirate Gold . Hannah in subsequent years did a handful of other Donald Duck comic book stories but , unlike Barks , he stayed at the studio and eventually was given a chance to be a director . The short Donalds Off Day ( released on December 8 , 1944 ) was the first of 94 films he would direct . These include most of the shorts featuring Donald Duck in the post-war era along with all starring Chip n Dale and Humphrey the Bear ; he also directed some shorts starring Goofy , Mickey Mouse , Pluto and some minor Disney characters such as Lambert the Sheepish Lion . After Disney stopped producing animated shorts , Hannah did 14 episodes of the Walt Disney anthology television series ( composed of footage from the classic cartoons along with new linking material ) and fulfilled his ambition to direct live-action by handling Walt Disneys introductions for the episodes . Hannah hoped to segue into a career in live-action but Walt had me pegged as an animation director so he balked at the suggestion . We had a few heated discussions and I became aware that I had come to an impasse . Hannah then went to Walter Lantz Productions and directed a number of films featuring Woody Woodpecker and some minor characters . Besides directing shorts , Hannah also was Assistant Director for the television series The Woody Woodpecker Show , which began airing on October 3 , 1957 . I did more or less the same thing that I did with Walt Disney in directing live-action except Lantz was better at taking direction . His last directing effort was the short Charlies Mother-In-Law ( released on April 16 , 1963 ) . He retired shortly thereafter . In 1975 , Hannah was one of the co-founders , along with T . Hee , of the Character Animation program at the California Institute of the Arts . Hannah was honored as a Disney Legend in 1992 . Jack Hannah is often credited with developing , if not creating , the personality of the animated version of Donald Duck . It is for this reason Disney historian Jim Korkis has dubbed him Donald Ducks Other Daddy . Despite that , Hannah has often been noted for being responsible for Donalds most formulaic period , where constantly paired Donald with pint-sized antagonists . The most famous of these antagonists are Chip n Dale , but other characters included Spike the Bee , Bootle Beetle and a colony of ants . These vermin became the focus of their shorts , relegating Donald to a supporting foil role with a consequent personality diminution . Hannah died in Burbank , California on June 11 , 1994 , at age 81 . Filmography . TV series . - Disneyland ( 1954-79 ) - The Donald Duck Story ( director and story ; 1954 ) - Adventures of Mickey Mouse ( director ; 1955 ) - At Home with Donald Duck ( director ; 1956 ) - The Great Cat Family ( segment director ; 1956 ) - Where Do the Stories Come From ? ( director ; 1956 ) - On Vacation ( director ; 1956 ) - A Day in the Life of Donald Duck ( director;1956 ) - Duck for Hire ( director ; 1957 ) - Donalds Award ( director ; 1957 ) - All About Magic ( sequence director ; 1957 ) - Your Host , Donald Duck ( director;1957 ) - From All of Us to All of You ( director ; 1958 ) - Four Tales on a Mouse ( director : Christmas sequence ; 1958 ) - Donalds Weekend ( director ; 1958 ) - Highway to Trouble ( director;1959 ) - Duck Flies Coop ( director ; 1959 ) - Two Happy Amigos ( director;1960 ) - This Is Your Life Donald Duck ( director;1960 ) - Kids Is Kids ( segment director ; 1961 ) - A Square Peg in a Round Hole ( segment director ; 1963 ) - The Ranger of Brownstone ( sequence director ; 1968 ) - Baseball Fever ( director ; 1979 ) - The Woody Woodpecker Show ( 1957-58 ) - Mattys Funday Funnies ( TV Series ) ( 1962 ; story ) External links . - Jack Hannah Remembers Pirate Gold at Mouse Planet - Donald Ducks Other Daddy ( Part One )
|
[
"California Institute of the Arts"
] |
easy
|
Who did Jack Hannah work for from 1975 to 1983?
|
/wiki/Jack_Hannah#P108#2
|
Jack Hannah John Frederick Jack Hannah ( January 5 , 1913 – June 11 , 1994 ) was an American animator , writer and director of animated shorts . Biography . Hannah was born on January 5 , 1913 , in Nogales , Arizona . He moved to Los Angeles in 1931 to study at the Art Guild Academy . One of his first jobs was designing movie posters for Hollywood theaters . In 1933 , during the Great Depression , Hannah dropped off his portfolio at Walt Disney Studios , and soon afterward was hired as an in-between and clean-up artist , working on Mickey Mouse , Donald Duck , and Silly Symphony cartoons . Hannahs career as an animator commenced with the short Modern Inventions ( released on May 29 , 1937 ) . After thirteen films in that capacity , he was assigned to the story department writing cartoon short continuities , beginning with Donalds Nephews ( released on April 15 , 1938 ) . He received writing credit on 21 Disney cartoon shorts . In 1942 he collaborated with Carl Barks on the first two comic books Barks worked on , Pluto Saves the Ship and Donald Duck Finds Pirate Gold . Hannah in subsequent years did a handful of other Donald Duck comic book stories but , unlike Barks , he stayed at the studio and eventually was given a chance to be a director . The short Donalds Off Day ( released on December 8 , 1944 ) was the first of 94 films he would direct . These include most of the shorts featuring Donald Duck in the post-war era along with all starring Chip n Dale and Humphrey the Bear ; he also directed some shorts starring Goofy , Mickey Mouse , Pluto and some minor Disney characters such as Lambert the Sheepish Lion . After Disney stopped producing animated shorts , Hannah did 14 episodes of the Walt Disney anthology television series ( composed of footage from the classic cartoons along with new linking material ) and fulfilled his ambition to direct live-action by handling Walt Disneys introductions for the episodes . Hannah hoped to segue into a career in live-action but Walt had me pegged as an animation director so he balked at the suggestion . We had a few heated discussions and I became aware that I had come to an impasse . Hannah then went to Walter Lantz Productions and directed a number of films featuring Woody Woodpecker and some minor characters . Besides directing shorts , Hannah also was Assistant Director for the television series The Woody Woodpecker Show , which began airing on October 3 , 1957 . I did more or less the same thing that I did with Walt Disney in directing live-action except Lantz was better at taking direction . His last directing effort was the short Charlies Mother-In-Law ( released on April 16 , 1963 ) . He retired shortly thereafter . In 1975 , Hannah was one of the co-founders , along with T . Hee , of the Character Animation program at the California Institute of the Arts . Hannah was honored as a Disney Legend in 1992 . Jack Hannah is often credited with developing , if not creating , the personality of the animated version of Donald Duck . It is for this reason Disney historian Jim Korkis has dubbed him Donald Ducks Other Daddy . Despite that , Hannah has often been noted for being responsible for Donalds most formulaic period , where constantly paired Donald with pint-sized antagonists . The most famous of these antagonists are Chip n Dale , but other characters included Spike the Bee , Bootle Beetle and a colony of ants . These vermin became the focus of their shorts , relegating Donald to a supporting foil role with a consequent personality diminution . Hannah died in Burbank , California on June 11 , 1994 , at age 81 . Filmography . TV series . - Disneyland ( 1954-79 ) - The Donald Duck Story ( director and story ; 1954 ) - Adventures of Mickey Mouse ( director ; 1955 ) - At Home with Donald Duck ( director ; 1956 ) - The Great Cat Family ( segment director ; 1956 ) - Where Do the Stories Come From ? ( director ; 1956 ) - On Vacation ( director ; 1956 ) - A Day in the Life of Donald Duck ( director;1956 ) - Duck for Hire ( director ; 1957 ) - Donalds Award ( director ; 1957 ) - All About Magic ( sequence director ; 1957 ) - Your Host , Donald Duck ( director;1957 ) - From All of Us to All of You ( director ; 1958 ) - Four Tales on a Mouse ( director : Christmas sequence ; 1958 ) - Donalds Weekend ( director ; 1958 ) - Highway to Trouble ( director;1959 ) - Duck Flies Coop ( director ; 1959 ) - Two Happy Amigos ( director;1960 ) - This Is Your Life Donald Duck ( director;1960 ) - Kids Is Kids ( segment director ; 1961 ) - A Square Peg in a Round Hole ( segment director ; 1963 ) - The Ranger of Brownstone ( sequence director ; 1968 ) - Baseball Fever ( director ; 1979 ) - The Woody Woodpecker Show ( 1957-58 ) - Mattys Funday Funnies ( TV Series ) ( 1962 ; story ) External links . - Jack Hannah Remembers Pirate Gold at Mouse Planet - Donald Ducks Other Daddy ( Part One )
|
[
"Bengt Burg"
] |
easy
|
Lykkehjulet was presented by whom from 1989 to 1996?
|
/wiki/Lykkehjulet#P371#0
|
Lykkehjulet Lykkehjulet is the Danish version of the Wheel of Fortune television game show . Airing in 1988 , the show was the first big American game show to be imported to Denmark and it was one of the first successes for Danish broadcaster TV2 when it became Denmarks second TV channel in 1988 . The show originally used the shopping format of the American program in which winnings were used to buy studios prizes , such as furniture , appliances , and trips . In later years the format was changed to reflect the American version of all-cash winnings . The host during the first season was Michael Meyerheim with Pia Dresner as the letter-turning co-host . Thereafter , the show was hosted by Bengt Burg from 1989 to 2000 , with a short stint by Keld Heick during the 1996-1997 season . The final season in 2001 season was hosted by Lars Herlow . The letter-turning co-hosts were Carina Jensen ( 1989–1994 ) and Maria Hirse ( 1995–2001 ) . The shows announcers during the run of the program were Ole Jacobsen , then Henrik Hannibal and later , Dennis Johannesson . The show ran for 3,599 episodes until it was cancelled in 2001 due to declining viewership and a failed attempt at modernizing the format in the final year . Unique to the Danish version . There were several details which were unique to the Danish version of Wheel of Fortune . - Theme song The opening theme to the program was an original composition composed by Jesper Ranum . - The wheel and podiums The multi-colored wheel had 22 wedges ( each with 4 pegs ) instead of the 24 wedges of the American show , and value amounts originally ranged from 100 to 1,500 kroner ( 2,500 starting in round 2 in 1989 ) to be used for shopping purposes . The podiums followed a blue-red-yellow pattern , as it did for several other foreign adaptions . Beginning in 1990 , the top value was 3,000 kr . in Round 1 then 5,000 kr . from Round 2 onwards . By 1999 , the top value was 5,000 kr . in every round . In 1999 , the Fallit/10,000/Fallit wedge would be placed on the wheel in the third round with the 10,000 section being treated as a regular space . In 2001 , the top values were 2,500 points in round one , 7,500 in rounds two and three and 10,000 between two garbage cans in round four . The winner of each round kept their points and chose one of two prizes . - Vowels Vowels cost 500 kr . and were to be purchased prior to spinning the wheel . - The Free Spin Known as an Ekstra Tur , ( Joker in 1988 ) it was originally conceived like the US Free Spin , where it was an entire wedge on the wheel , and multiple Free Spins could be won . It eventually became a single token placed on the wheel . After landing on the space with the token , the player automatically picked it up and called for a letter to win the hidden amount beneath the token ( usually 600 kroner ) . - Bonus round In the bonus round , the player must choose five consonants and a vowel and solve the puzzle within 15 seconds . At first , the player chose which prize to play for . By 1996 , the player chose one of three round envelopes , each concealing one of three bonus prizes . - Puzzleboard and sound effects The letters on the puzzleboard were the traditional trilon shape for the first twelve years of the program . In 2001 , the puzzleboard was changed to an electronic form . The bell indicating a correct letter had a high D-note pitch to it ( similar to the sound effect used on the American version when a bonus envelope is taken ) , while the horn for a wrong guess or a Tabt Tur ( Lose A Turn ) was borrowed from the US version of The Price is Right , and a downward whistle for Fallit ( bankrupt ) making a player lose all of their money and losing their turn . 2001 was also the first and only year the show introduced a video wall behind the contestants , but at that point , the puzzleboard still used trilons . 2018 revival . In October 2018 , the series returned on TV2 . The set , though modernized and simplified , has a look that is somewhat reminiscent of the original 1988 set . The original theme and several of the original sound effects are also used , some of them with a few touch-ups . Interestingly , the puzzle board uses the same dimensions as the original puzzle board rather than the current American dimension , although it is now electronic . It was hosted by Mikkel Kryger and co-hosted by Stephania Potalivo . The format is also similar to the original version . Vowels still cost KR500 and the shopping format has also returned . KR1,500 is the top value in Round 1 , KR2,500 in Round 2 , and Kr5,000 in Round 3 . Another KR5,000 space is added in Round 4 . A Gevinst token ( represented by a picture of a star ) is added in Round 2 . The biggest difference from the original version , however , is that every round starts with the winner of the previous round , exactly like on all three of the American pilots . External links . - mp3 of Lykkehjulet Theme
|
[
"Bengt Burg",
"Keld Heick"
] |
easy
|
Who was the presenter of Lykkehjulet from 1996 to 1997?
|
/wiki/Lykkehjulet#P371#1
|
Lykkehjulet Lykkehjulet is the Danish version of the Wheel of Fortune television game show . Airing in 1988 , the show was the first big American game show to be imported to Denmark and it was one of the first successes for Danish broadcaster TV2 when it became Denmarks second TV channel in 1988 . The show originally used the shopping format of the American program in which winnings were used to buy studios prizes , such as furniture , appliances , and trips . In later years the format was changed to reflect the American version of all-cash winnings . The host during the first season was Michael Meyerheim with Pia Dresner as the letter-turning co-host . Thereafter , the show was hosted by Bengt Burg from 1989 to 2000 , with a short stint by Keld Heick during the 1996-1997 season . The final season in 2001 season was hosted by Lars Herlow . The letter-turning co-hosts were Carina Jensen ( 1989–1994 ) and Maria Hirse ( 1995–2001 ) . The shows announcers during the run of the program were Ole Jacobsen , then Henrik Hannibal and later , Dennis Johannesson . The show ran for 3,599 episodes until it was cancelled in 2001 due to declining viewership and a failed attempt at modernizing the format in the final year . Unique to the Danish version . There were several details which were unique to the Danish version of Wheel of Fortune . - Theme song The opening theme to the program was an original composition composed by Jesper Ranum . - The wheel and podiums The multi-colored wheel had 22 wedges ( each with 4 pegs ) instead of the 24 wedges of the American show , and value amounts originally ranged from 100 to 1,500 kroner ( 2,500 starting in round 2 in 1989 ) to be used for shopping purposes . The podiums followed a blue-red-yellow pattern , as it did for several other foreign adaptions . Beginning in 1990 , the top value was 3,000 kr . in Round 1 then 5,000 kr . from Round 2 onwards . By 1999 , the top value was 5,000 kr . in every round . In 1999 , the Fallit/10,000/Fallit wedge would be placed on the wheel in the third round with the 10,000 section being treated as a regular space . In 2001 , the top values were 2,500 points in round one , 7,500 in rounds two and three and 10,000 between two garbage cans in round four . The winner of each round kept their points and chose one of two prizes . - Vowels Vowels cost 500 kr . and were to be purchased prior to spinning the wheel . - The Free Spin Known as an Ekstra Tur , ( Joker in 1988 ) it was originally conceived like the US Free Spin , where it was an entire wedge on the wheel , and multiple Free Spins could be won . It eventually became a single token placed on the wheel . After landing on the space with the token , the player automatically picked it up and called for a letter to win the hidden amount beneath the token ( usually 600 kroner ) . - Bonus round In the bonus round , the player must choose five consonants and a vowel and solve the puzzle within 15 seconds . At first , the player chose which prize to play for . By 1996 , the player chose one of three round envelopes , each concealing one of three bonus prizes . - Puzzleboard and sound effects The letters on the puzzleboard were the traditional trilon shape for the first twelve years of the program . In 2001 , the puzzleboard was changed to an electronic form . The bell indicating a correct letter had a high D-note pitch to it ( similar to the sound effect used on the American version when a bonus envelope is taken ) , while the horn for a wrong guess or a Tabt Tur ( Lose A Turn ) was borrowed from the US version of The Price is Right , and a downward whistle for Fallit ( bankrupt ) making a player lose all of their money and losing their turn . 2001 was also the first and only year the show introduced a video wall behind the contestants , but at that point , the puzzleboard still used trilons . 2018 revival . In October 2018 , the series returned on TV2 . The set , though modernized and simplified , has a look that is somewhat reminiscent of the original 1988 set . The original theme and several of the original sound effects are also used , some of them with a few touch-ups . Interestingly , the puzzle board uses the same dimensions as the original puzzle board rather than the current American dimension , although it is now electronic . It was hosted by Mikkel Kryger and co-hosted by Stephania Potalivo . The format is also similar to the original version . Vowels still cost KR500 and the shopping format has also returned . KR1,500 is the top value in Round 1 , KR2,500 in Round 2 , and Kr5,000 in Round 3 . Another KR5,000 space is added in Round 4 . A Gevinst token ( represented by a picture of a star ) is added in Round 2 . The biggest difference from the original version , however , is that every round starts with the winner of the previous round , exactly like on all three of the American pilots . External links . - mp3 of Lykkehjulet Theme
|
[
"Bengt Burg"
] |
easy
|
Who was the presenter of Lykkehjulet from 1997 to 2000?
|
/wiki/Lykkehjulet#P371#2
|
Lykkehjulet Lykkehjulet is the Danish version of the Wheel of Fortune television game show . Airing in 1988 , the show was the first big American game show to be imported to Denmark and it was one of the first successes for Danish broadcaster TV2 when it became Denmarks second TV channel in 1988 . The show originally used the shopping format of the American program in which winnings were used to buy studios prizes , such as furniture , appliances , and trips . In later years the format was changed to reflect the American version of all-cash winnings . The host during the first season was Michael Meyerheim with Pia Dresner as the letter-turning co-host . Thereafter , the show was hosted by Bengt Burg from 1989 to 2000 , with a short stint by Keld Heick during the 1996-1997 season . The final season in 2001 season was hosted by Lars Herlow . The letter-turning co-hosts were Carina Jensen ( 1989–1994 ) and Maria Hirse ( 1995–2001 ) . The shows announcers during the run of the program were Ole Jacobsen , then Henrik Hannibal and later , Dennis Johannesson . The show ran for 3,599 episodes until it was cancelled in 2001 due to declining viewership and a failed attempt at modernizing the format in the final year . Unique to the Danish version . There were several details which were unique to the Danish version of Wheel of Fortune . - Theme song The opening theme to the program was an original composition composed by Jesper Ranum . - The wheel and podiums The multi-colored wheel had 22 wedges ( each with 4 pegs ) instead of the 24 wedges of the American show , and value amounts originally ranged from 100 to 1,500 kroner ( 2,500 starting in round 2 in 1989 ) to be used for shopping purposes . The podiums followed a blue-red-yellow pattern , as it did for several other foreign adaptions . Beginning in 1990 , the top value was 3,000 kr . in Round 1 then 5,000 kr . from Round 2 onwards . By 1999 , the top value was 5,000 kr . in every round . In 1999 , the Fallit/10,000/Fallit wedge would be placed on the wheel in the third round with the 10,000 section being treated as a regular space . In 2001 , the top values were 2,500 points in round one , 7,500 in rounds two and three and 10,000 between two garbage cans in round four . The winner of each round kept their points and chose one of two prizes . - Vowels Vowels cost 500 kr . and were to be purchased prior to spinning the wheel . - The Free Spin Known as an Ekstra Tur , ( Joker in 1988 ) it was originally conceived like the US Free Spin , where it was an entire wedge on the wheel , and multiple Free Spins could be won . It eventually became a single token placed on the wheel . After landing on the space with the token , the player automatically picked it up and called for a letter to win the hidden amount beneath the token ( usually 600 kroner ) . - Bonus round In the bonus round , the player must choose five consonants and a vowel and solve the puzzle within 15 seconds . At first , the player chose which prize to play for . By 1996 , the player chose one of three round envelopes , each concealing one of three bonus prizes . - Puzzleboard and sound effects The letters on the puzzleboard were the traditional trilon shape for the first twelve years of the program . In 2001 , the puzzleboard was changed to an electronic form . The bell indicating a correct letter had a high D-note pitch to it ( similar to the sound effect used on the American version when a bonus envelope is taken ) , while the horn for a wrong guess or a Tabt Tur ( Lose A Turn ) was borrowed from the US version of The Price is Right , and a downward whistle for Fallit ( bankrupt ) making a player lose all of their money and losing their turn . 2001 was also the first and only year the show introduced a video wall behind the contestants , but at that point , the puzzleboard still used trilons . 2018 revival . In October 2018 , the series returned on TV2 . The set , though modernized and simplified , has a look that is somewhat reminiscent of the original 1988 set . The original theme and several of the original sound effects are also used , some of them with a few touch-ups . Interestingly , the puzzle board uses the same dimensions as the original puzzle board rather than the current American dimension , although it is now electronic . It was hosted by Mikkel Kryger and co-hosted by Stephania Potalivo . The format is also similar to the original version . Vowels still cost KR500 and the shopping format has also returned . KR1,500 is the top value in Round 1 , KR2,500 in Round 2 , and Kr5,000 in Round 3 . Another KR5,000 space is added in Round 4 . A Gevinst token ( represented by a picture of a star ) is added in Round 2 . The biggest difference from the original version , however , is that every round starts with the winner of the previous round , exactly like on all three of the American pilots . External links . - mp3 of Lykkehjulet Theme
|
[
"Grimsby Town"
] |
easy
|
Which team did Ben Chapman (footballer, born 1979) play for from 1997 to 2002?
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/wiki/Ben_Chapman_(footballer,_born_1979)#P54#0
|
Ben Chapman ( footballer , born 1979 ) Benjamin Chapman ( born 2 March 1979 ) is an English professional former footballer and coach who played as a left back . He notably played in the Football League for Grimsby Town where he started his career , and then Boston United where he was club captain . He has since forged a career in Non-league playing for Alfreton Town , Northwich Victoria , Nuneaton Borough , Kings Lynn , Eastwood Town , Harrogate Town , Frickley Athletic , Hall Road Rangers and Bottesford Town . Playing career . Grimsby Town . Chapman came through the youth ranks with professional club Grimsby Town and signed professionally with The Mariners in 1997 . He made his first team debut for the club in a 1–0 victory over local rivals Hull City in the Football League Trophy in January 1998 . He would have to wait another 18 months before he was called up for action again , and made a run out against Watford . Ben was used as the clubs reserve left back and was understudy to Tony Gallimore , Chapman only managed 2 appearances in both the 1999-2000 and 2000–2001 season and would have to wait until the 2001-2002 campaign before he started to have a regular run in first team affairs . Notably that season Chapman played for Grimsby on both Anfield and Highbury as Grimsby recorded a historic cup win over Liverpool before being knocked out by Arsenal . In the Liverpool game , a Grimsby corner resulted in Chapman volleying just close over the crossbar and was Grimsbys only clear cut chance in the first half of play . He would go on to never get on the score sheet for the club . While playing for Grimsby , Chapman was responsible for ending the career of Scunthorpe United midfielder Peter Morrison during a pre season friendly in 2001 . The game was abandoned as a result of the injury , and eventually following court proceedings , Morrison was rewarded a £400,000 compensation pay out . Boston United . In July 2002 Grimsby captured Welsh International left back Darren Barnard on a free transfer thus resulting in Chapmans release from the club . He signed for Boston United and became the teams captain , and was able to give his new teammates a helping hand as The Pilgrims avoided relegation from the Third Division . Ben stayed with Boston until the end of the 2003–2004 season , and after that he was released . Non League . After spending a week training with his former club Grimsby and appearing in a pre-season friendly , Ben went on to sign for Non League side Alfreton Town for a season , before linking up Northwich Victoria the following season , in his only season with the Vics he helped the club gain promotion from the Conference North division . He then went on to join Nuneaton Borough for the 2006–2007 season . In the summer of 2007 Chapman joined Kings Lynn . He stayed with The Linnets until March 2009 , where he signed for Eastwood Town . Chapman was released two months later following the end of the season , and joined Harrogate Town in October 2009 . He went on to play for Frickley Athletic before moving to Hall Road Rangers as well as having two spells with Appleby Frodingham and later playing for Bottesford Town . Chapman remained without a club for the 2012–13 season but in May 2013 he went on trial with Scarborough Athletic . Coaching career . Chapman joined Armthorpe Welfare as a coach in January 2017 . A month later he was promoted to assistant manager as well as also registering as a player . Honours . Eastwood Town . - Northern Premier League champions : 2008–09 Grimsby Town . - Second Division play-off winner : 1997–98 - Football League Trophy winner : 1997–98 Northwich Victoria . - Conference North winner : 2005–06 Kings Lynn . - Southern League Premier Division champions 2007-08
|
[
"Boston United"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Ben Chapman (footballer, born 1979) belong to from 2002 to 2004?
|
/wiki/Ben_Chapman_(footballer,_born_1979)#P54#1
|
Ben Chapman ( footballer , born 1979 ) Benjamin Chapman ( born 2 March 1979 ) is an English professional former footballer and coach who played as a left back . He notably played in the Football League for Grimsby Town where he started his career , and then Boston United where he was club captain . He has since forged a career in Non-league playing for Alfreton Town , Northwich Victoria , Nuneaton Borough , Kings Lynn , Eastwood Town , Harrogate Town , Frickley Athletic , Hall Road Rangers and Bottesford Town . Playing career . Grimsby Town . Chapman came through the youth ranks with professional club Grimsby Town and signed professionally with The Mariners in 1997 . He made his first team debut for the club in a 1–0 victory over local rivals Hull City in the Football League Trophy in January 1998 . He would have to wait another 18 months before he was called up for action again , and made a run out against Watford . Ben was used as the clubs reserve left back and was understudy to Tony Gallimore , Chapman only managed 2 appearances in both the 1999-2000 and 2000–2001 season and would have to wait until the 2001-2002 campaign before he started to have a regular run in first team affairs . Notably that season Chapman played for Grimsby on both Anfield and Highbury as Grimsby recorded a historic cup win over Liverpool before being knocked out by Arsenal . In the Liverpool game , a Grimsby corner resulted in Chapman volleying just close over the crossbar and was Grimsbys only clear cut chance in the first half of play . He would go on to never get on the score sheet for the club . While playing for Grimsby , Chapman was responsible for ending the career of Scunthorpe United midfielder Peter Morrison during a pre season friendly in 2001 . The game was abandoned as a result of the injury , and eventually following court proceedings , Morrison was rewarded a £400,000 compensation pay out . Boston United . In July 2002 Grimsby captured Welsh International left back Darren Barnard on a free transfer thus resulting in Chapmans release from the club . He signed for Boston United and became the teams captain , and was able to give his new teammates a helping hand as The Pilgrims avoided relegation from the Third Division . Ben stayed with Boston until the end of the 2003–2004 season , and after that he was released . Non League . After spending a week training with his former club Grimsby and appearing in a pre-season friendly , Ben went on to sign for Non League side Alfreton Town for a season , before linking up Northwich Victoria the following season , in his only season with the Vics he helped the club gain promotion from the Conference North division . He then went on to join Nuneaton Borough for the 2006–2007 season . In the summer of 2007 Chapman joined Kings Lynn . He stayed with The Linnets until March 2009 , where he signed for Eastwood Town . Chapman was released two months later following the end of the season , and joined Harrogate Town in October 2009 . He went on to play for Frickley Athletic before moving to Hall Road Rangers as well as having two spells with Appleby Frodingham and later playing for Bottesford Town . Chapman remained without a club for the 2012–13 season but in May 2013 he went on trial with Scarborough Athletic . Coaching career . Chapman joined Armthorpe Welfare as a coach in January 2017 . A month later he was promoted to assistant manager as well as also registering as a player . Honours . Eastwood Town . - Northern Premier League champions : 2008–09 Grimsby Town . - Second Division play-off winner : 1997–98 - Football League Trophy winner : 1997–98 Northwich Victoria . - Conference North winner : 2005–06 Kings Lynn . - Southern League Premier Division champions 2007-08
|
[
"Alfreton Town"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Ben Chapman (footballer, born 1979) belong to from 2004 to 2005?
|
/wiki/Ben_Chapman_(footballer,_born_1979)#P54#2
|
Ben Chapman ( footballer , born 1979 ) Benjamin Chapman ( born 2 March 1979 ) is an English professional former footballer and coach who played as a left back . He notably played in the Football League for Grimsby Town where he started his career , and then Boston United where he was club captain . He has since forged a career in Non-league playing for Alfreton Town , Northwich Victoria , Nuneaton Borough , Kings Lynn , Eastwood Town , Harrogate Town , Frickley Athletic , Hall Road Rangers and Bottesford Town . Playing career . Grimsby Town . Chapman came through the youth ranks with professional club Grimsby Town and signed professionally with The Mariners in 1997 . He made his first team debut for the club in a 1–0 victory over local rivals Hull City in the Football League Trophy in January 1998 . He would have to wait another 18 months before he was called up for action again , and made a run out against Watford . Ben was used as the clubs reserve left back and was understudy to Tony Gallimore , Chapman only managed 2 appearances in both the 1999-2000 and 2000–2001 season and would have to wait until the 2001-2002 campaign before he started to have a regular run in first team affairs . Notably that season Chapman played for Grimsby on both Anfield and Highbury as Grimsby recorded a historic cup win over Liverpool before being knocked out by Arsenal . In the Liverpool game , a Grimsby corner resulted in Chapman volleying just close over the crossbar and was Grimsbys only clear cut chance in the first half of play . He would go on to never get on the score sheet for the club . While playing for Grimsby , Chapman was responsible for ending the career of Scunthorpe United midfielder Peter Morrison during a pre season friendly in 2001 . The game was abandoned as a result of the injury , and eventually following court proceedings , Morrison was rewarded a £400,000 compensation pay out . Boston United . In July 2002 Grimsby captured Welsh International left back Darren Barnard on a free transfer thus resulting in Chapmans release from the club . He signed for Boston United and became the teams captain , and was able to give his new teammates a helping hand as The Pilgrims avoided relegation from the Third Division . Ben stayed with Boston until the end of the 2003–2004 season , and after that he was released . Non League . After spending a week training with his former club Grimsby and appearing in a pre-season friendly , Ben went on to sign for Non League side Alfreton Town for a season , before linking up Northwich Victoria the following season , in his only season with the Vics he helped the club gain promotion from the Conference North division . He then went on to join Nuneaton Borough for the 2006–2007 season . In the summer of 2007 Chapman joined Kings Lynn . He stayed with The Linnets until March 2009 , where he signed for Eastwood Town . Chapman was released two months later following the end of the season , and joined Harrogate Town in October 2009 . He went on to play for Frickley Athletic before moving to Hall Road Rangers as well as having two spells with Appleby Frodingham and later playing for Bottesford Town . Chapman remained without a club for the 2012–13 season but in May 2013 he went on trial with Scarborough Athletic . Coaching career . Chapman joined Armthorpe Welfare as a coach in January 2017 . A month later he was promoted to assistant manager as well as also registering as a player . Honours . Eastwood Town . - Northern Premier League champions : 2008–09 Grimsby Town . - Second Division play-off winner : 1997–98 - Football League Trophy winner : 1997–98 Northwich Victoria . - Conference North winner : 2005–06 Kings Lynn . - Southern League Premier Division champions 2007-08
|
[
"Northwich Victoria"
] |
easy
|
Which team did Ben Chapman (footballer, born 1979) play for from 2005 to 2006?
|
/wiki/Ben_Chapman_(footballer,_born_1979)#P54#3
|
Ben Chapman ( footballer , born 1979 ) Benjamin Chapman ( born 2 March 1979 ) is an English professional former footballer and coach who played as a left back . He notably played in the Football League for Grimsby Town where he started his career , and then Boston United where he was club captain . He has since forged a career in Non-league playing for Alfreton Town , Northwich Victoria , Nuneaton Borough , Kings Lynn , Eastwood Town , Harrogate Town , Frickley Athletic , Hall Road Rangers and Bottesford Town . Playing career . Grimsby Town . Chapman came through the youth ranks with professional club Grimsby Town and signed professionally with The Mariners in 1997 . He made his first team debut for the club in a 1–0 victory over local rivals Hull City in the Football League Trophy in January 1998 . He would have to wait another 18 months before he was called up for action again , and made a run out against Watford . Ben was used as the clubs reserve left back and was understudy to Tony Gallimore , Chapman only managed 2 appearances in both the 1999-2000 and 2000–2001 season and would have to wait until the 2001-2002 campaign before he started to have a regular run in first team affairs . Notably that season Chapman played for Grimsby on both Anfield and Highbury as Grimsby recorded a historic cup win over Liverpool before being knocked out by Arsenal . In the Liverpool game , a Grimsby corner resulted in Chapman volleying just close over the crossbar and was Grimsbys only clear cut chance in the first half of play . He would go on to never get on the score sheet for the club . While playing for Grimsby , Chapman was responsible for ending the career of Scunthorpe United midfielder Peter Morrison during a pre season friendly in 2001 . The game was abandoned as a result of the injury , and eventually following court proceedings , Morrison was rewarded a £400,000 compensation pay out . Boston United . In July 2002 Grimsby captured Welsh International left back Darren Barnard on a free transfer thus resulting in Chapmans release from the club . He signed for Boston United and became the teams captain , and was able to give his new teammates a helping hand as The Pilgrims avoided relegation from the Third Division . Ben stayed with Boston until the end of the 2003–2004 season , and after that he was released . Non League . After spending a week training with his former club Grimsby and appearing in a pre-season friendly , Ben went on to sign for Non League side Alfreton Town for a season , before linking up Northwich Victoria the following season , in his only season with the Vics he helped the club gain promotion from the Conference North division . He then went on to join Nuneaton Borough for the 2006–2007 season . In the summer of 2007 Chapman joined Kings Lynn . He stayed with The Linnets until March 2009 , where he signed for Eastwood Town . Chapman was released two months later following the end of the season , and joined Harrogate Town in October 2009 . He went on to play for Frickley Athletic before moving to Hall Road Rangers as well as having two spells with Appleby Frodingham and later playing for Bottesford Town . Chapman remained without a club for the 2012–13 season but in May 2013 he went on trial with Scarborough Athletic . Coaching career . Chapman joined Armthorpe Welfare as a coach in January 2017 . A month later he was promoted to assistant manager as well as also registering as a player . Honours . Eastwood Town . - Northern Premier League champions : 2008–09 Grimsby Town . - Second Division play-off winner : 1997–98 - Football League Trophy winner : 1997–98 Northwich Victoria . - Conference North winner : 2005–06 Kings Lynn . - Southern League Premier Division champions 2007-08
|
[
"Nuneaton Borough"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Ben Chapman (footballer, born 1979) belong to from 2006 to 2007?
|
/wiki/Ben_Chapman_(footballer,_born_1979)#P54#4
|
Ben Chapman ( footballer , born 1979 ) Benjamin Chapman ( born 2 March 1979 ) is an English professional former footballer and coach who played as a left back . He notably played in the Football League for Grimsby Town where he started his career , and then Boston United where he was club captain . He has since forged a career in Non-league playing for Alfreton Town , Northwich Victoria , Nuneaton Borough , Kings Lynn , Eastwood Town , Harrogate Town , Frickley Athletic , Hall Road Rangers and Bottesford Town . Playing career . Grimsby Town . Chapman came through the youth ranks with professional club Grimsby Town and signed professionally with The Mariners in 1997 . He made his first team debut for the club in a 1–0 victory over local rivals Hull City in the Football League Trophy in January 1998 . He would have to wait another 18 months before he was called up for action again , and made a run out against Watford . Ben was used as the clubs reserve left back and was understudy to Tony Gallimore , Chapman only managed 2 appearances in both the 1999-2000 and 2000–2001 season and would have to wait until the 2001-2002 campaign before he started to have a regular run in first team affairs . Notably that season Chapman played for Grimsby on both Anfield and Highbury as Grimsby recorded a historic cup win over Liverpool before being knocked out by Arsenal . In the Liverpool game , a Grimsby corner resulted in Chapman volleying just close over the crossbar and was Grimsbys only clear cut chance in the first half of play . He would go on to never get on the score sheet for the club . While playing for Grimsby , Chapman was responsible for ending the career of Scunthorpe United midfielder Peter Morrison during a pre season friendly in 2001 . The game was abandoned as a result of the injury , and eventually following court proceedings , Morrison was rewarded a £400,000 compensation pay out . Boston United . In July 2002 Grimsby captured Welsh International left back Darren Barnard on a free transfer thus resulting in Chapmans release from the club . He signed for Boston United and became the teams captain , and was able to give his new teammates a helping hand as The Pilgrims avoided relegation from the Third Division . Ben stayed with Boston until the end of the 2003–2004 season , and after that he was released . Non League . After spending a week training with his former club Grimsby and appearing in a pre-season friendly , Ben went on to sign for Non League side Alfreton Town for a season , before linking up Northwich Victoria the following season , in his only season with the Vics he helped the club gain promotion from the Conference North division . He then went on to join Nuneaton Borough for the 2006–2007 season . In the summer of 2007 Chapman joined Kings Lynn . He stayed with The Linnets until March 2009 , where he signed for Eastwood Town . Chapman was released two months later following the end of the season , and joined Harrogate Town in October 2009 . He went on to play for Frickley Athletic before moving to Hall Road Rangers as well as having two spells with Appleby Frodingham and later playing for Bottesford Town . Chapman remained without a club for the 2012–13 season but in May 2013 he went on trial with Scarborough Athletic . Coaching career . Chapman joined Armthorpe Welfare as a coach in January 2017 . A month later he was promoted to assistant manager as well as also registering as a player . Honours . Eastwood Town . - Northern Premier League champions : 2008–09 Grimsby Town . - Second Division play-off winner : 1997–98 - Football League Trophy winner : 1997–98 Northwich Victoria . - Conference North winner : 2005–06 Kings Lynn . - Southern League Premier Division champions 2007-08
|
[
"Kings Lynn"
] |
easy
|
Which team did Ben Chapman (footballer, born 1979) play for from 2007 to 2009?
|
/wiki/Ben_Chapman_(footballer,_born_1979)#P54#5
|
Ben Chapman ( footballer , born 1979 ) Benjamin Chapman ( born 2 March 1979 ) is an English professional former footballer and coach who played as a left back . He notably played in the Football League for Grimsby Town where he started his career , and then Boston United where he was club captain . He has since forged a career in Non-league playing for Alfreton Town , Northwich Victoria , Nuneaton Borough , Kings Lynn , Eastwood Town , Harrogate Town , Frickley Athletic , Hall Road Rangers and Bottesford Town . Playing career . Grimsby Town . Chapman came through the youth ranks with professional club Grimsby Town and signed professionally with The Mariners in 1997 . He made his first team debut for the club in a 1–0 victory over local rivals Hull City in the Football League Trophy in January 1998 . He would have to wait another 18 months before he was called up for action again , and made a run out against Watford . Ben was used as the clubs reserve left back and was understudy to Tony Gallimore , Chapman only managed 2 appearances in both the 1999-2000 and 2000–2001 season and would have to wait until the 2001-2002 campaign before he started to have a regular run in first team affairs . Notably that season Chapman played for Grimsby on both Anfield and Highbury as Grimsby recorded a historic cup win over Liverpool before being knocked out by Arsenal . In the Liverpool game , a Grimsby corner resulted in Chapman volleying just close over the crossbar and was Grimsbys only clear cut chance in the first half of play . He would go on to never get on the score sheet for the club . While playing for Grimsby , Chapman was responsible for ending the career of Scunthorpe United midfielder Peter Morrison during a pre season friendly in 2001 . The game was abandoned as a result of the injury , and eventually following court proceedings , Morrison was rewarded a £400,000 compensation pay out . Boston United . In July 2002 Grimsby captured Welsh International left back Darren Barnard on a free transfer thus resulting in Chapmans release from the club . He signed for Boston United and became the teams captain , and was able to give his new teammates a helping hand as The Pilgrims avoided relegation from the Third Division . Ben stayed with Boston until the end of the 2003–2004 season , and after that he was released . Non League . After spending a week training with his former club Grimsby and appearing in a pre-season friendly , Ben went on to sign for Non League side Alfreton Town for a season , before linking up Northwich Victoria the following season , in his only season with the Vics he helped the club gain promotion from the Conference North division . He then went on to join Nuneaton Borough for the 2006–2007 season . In the summer of 2007 Chapman joined Kings Lynn . He stayed with The Linnets until March 2009 , where he signed for Eastwood Town . Chapman was released two months later following the end of the season , and joined Harrogate Town in October 2009 . He went on to play for Frickley Athletic before moving to Hall Road Rangers as well as having two spells with Appleby Frodingham and later playing for Bottesford Town . Chapman remained without a club for the 2012–13 season but in May 2013 he went on trial with Scarborough Athletic . Coaching career . Chapman joined Armthorpe Welfare as a coach in January 2017 . A month later he was promoted to assistant manager as well as also registering as a player . Honours . Eastwood Town . - Northern Premier League champions : 2008–09 Grimsby Town . - Second Division play-off winner : 1997–98 - Football League Trophy winner : 1997–98 Northwich Victoria . - Conference North winner : 2005–06 Kings Lynn . - Southern League Premier Division champions 2007-08
|
[
"Harrogate Town"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Ben Chapman (footballer, born 1979) belong to from 2009 to 2010?
|
/wiki/Ben_Chapman_(footballer,_born_1979)#P54#6
|
Ben Chapman ( footballer , born 1979 ) Benjamin Chapman ( born 2 March 1979 ) is an English professional former footballer and coach who played as a left back . He notably played in the Football League for Grimsby Town where he started his career , and then Boston United where he was club captain . He has since forged a career in Non-league playing for Alfreton Town , Northwich Victoria , Nuneaton Borough , Kings Lynn , Eastwood Town , Harrogate Town , Frickley Athletic , Hall Road Rangers and Bottesford Town . Playing career . Grimsby Town . Chapman came through the youth ranks with professional club Grimsby Town and signed professionally with The Mariners in 1997 . He made his first team debut for the club in a 1–0 victory over local rivals Hull City in the Football League Trophy in January 1998 . He would have to wait another 18 months before he was called up for action again , and made a run out against Watford . Ben was used as the clubs reserve left back and was understudy to Tony Gallimore , Chapman only managed 2 appearances in both the 1999-2000 and 2000–2001 season and would have to wait until the 2001-2002 campaign before he started to have a regular run in first team affairs . Notably that season Chapman played for Grimsby on both Anfield and Highbury as Grimsby recorded a historic cup win over Liverpool before being knocked out by Arsenal . In the Liverpool game , a Grimsby corner resulted in Chapman volleying just close over the crossbar and was Grimsbys only clear cut chance in the first half of play . He would go on to never get on the score sheet for the club . While playing for Grimsby , Chapman was responsible for ending the career of Scunthorpe United midfielder Peter Morrison during a pre season friendly in 2001 . The game was abandoned as a result of the injury , and eventually following court proceedings , Morrison was rewarded a £400,000 compensation pay out . Boston United . In July 2002 Grimsby captured Welsh International left back Darren Barnard on a free transfer thus resulting in Chapmans release from the club . He signed for Boston United and became the teams captain , and was able to give his new teammates a helping hand as The Pilgrims avoided relegation from the Third Division . Ben stayed with Boston until the end of the 2003–2004 season , and after that he was released . Non League . After spending a week training with his former club Grimsby and appearing in a pre-season friendly , Ben went on to sign for Non League side Alfreton Town for a season , before linking up Northwich Victoria the following season , in his only season with the Vics he helped the club gain promotion from the Conference North division . He then went on to join Nuneaton Borough for the 2006–2007 season . In the summer of 2007 Chapman joined Kings Lynn . He stayed with The Linnets until March 2009 , where he signed for Eastwood Town . Chapman was released two months later following the end of the season , and joined Harrogate Town in October 2009 . He went on to play for Frickley Athletic before moving to Hall Road Rangers as well as having two spells with Appleby Frodingham and later playing for Bottesford Town . Chapman remained without a club for the 2012–13 season but in May 2013 he went on trial with Scarborough Athletic . Coaching career . Chapman joined Armthorpe Welfare as a coach in January 2017 . A month later he was promoted to assistant manager as well as also registering as a player . Honours . Eastwood Town . - Northern Premier League champions : 2008–09 Grimsby Town . - Second Division play-off winner : 1997–98 - Football League Trophy winner : 1997–98 Northwich Victoria . - Conference North winner : 2005–06 Kings Lynn . - Southern League Premier Division champions 2007-08
|
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