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419_19 | The Burning of the Packet Ship "Boston", 1830, watercolor, view
View of the Town of Gloucester, Mass, 1836, lithograph, view
Steamer Brittania in a Gale, 1842, oil on canvas, Boston, view
Gloucester Harbor from Rocky Neck, 1844, Cape Ann Museum Collection, view
St. Johns, Porto Rico, ca 1850, The Mariners' Museum, view
Gloucester Inner Harbor, 1850, The Mariners' Museum view
The Fishing Party, 1850, view
The Golden State Entering New York Harbor, 1854, oil on canvas, Metropolitan Museum of Art
Stage Rocks and Western Shore of Gloucester Outer Harbor, 1857, oil on canvas, John Wilmerding Collection, view
Ship in Fog, Gloucester Harbor, ca. 1860, Princeton University Art Museum
The Western Shore with Norman's Woe, 1862, Cape Ann Museum Collection, view
Stage Fort across Gloucester Harbor, 1862, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, view
Gloucester Harbor at Sunrise, 1863, Cape Ann Museum Collection, view |
419_20 | Clipper Ship "Sweepstakes", 1853, Museum of the City of New York Collection, view
Ships Passing in Rough Seas, 1856, Private Collection, view
Lumber Schooners at Evening in Penobscot Bay, 1860, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC view
View of Coffin's Beach, 1862, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, view
El fuerte y la isla Ten Pound, Gloucester, Massachusetts, 1847, Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, view
Boston Harbor- Boston Museum of Fine Arts
Boston Harbor, 1856, oil on canvas, Amon Carter Museum of American Art, Fort Worth, Texas, http://www.cartermuseum.org/artworks/254 |
419_21 | Exhibitions
"American Masters from Bingham to Eakins: The John Wilmerding Collection", The National Gallery of Art, May 9 – October 10, 2004
"Works of Fitz Henry Lane", Cape Ann Museum, Permanent Collection (this is also the largest collection of Lane paintings in the world)
"Coming of Age: American, 1850s to 1950s". Addison Gallery of American Art, Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts (September 9, 2006 – January 7, 2007); Dulwich Picture Gallery, London (March 14 – June 8, 2008); Meadows Museum of Art, Dallas (November 30 – February 24, 2008); Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice (June 27 – October 12, 2008)
References |
419_22 | Sources
Fitz Henry Lane at the Cape Ann Museum which has the largest collection of his work (40 paintings and 100 drawings).
Craig, James. Fitz H. Lane: An Artist's Voyage Through Nineteenth-Century America. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2006. .
Mary Foley. "Fitz Hugh Lane, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and the Gloucester Lyceum." American Art Journal, Vol. 27, no. 1/2, 1995/1996
Gerdts, William H.; C. C. "'The Sea Is His Home': Clarence Cook Visits Fitz Hugh Lane." American Art Journal, Vol. 17, No. 3. (Summer, 1985), pp. 44–49.
Howat, John K.; Sharp, Lewis I.; Salinger, Margaretta M. "American Paintings and Sculpture." Notable Acquisitions (Metropolitan Museum of Art), No. 1975/1979. (1975–1979), pp. 64–67.
Novak, Barbara. American Painting of the Nineteenth Century. New York: Praeger Publishers, Inc., 1969.
Sharp, Lewis I. "American Paintings and Sculpture." Notable Acquisitions (Metropolitan Museum of Art), No. 1965/1975. (1965–1975), pp. 11–19. |
419_23 | Smith, Gayle L."Emerson and the Luminist Painters: A Study of Their Styles" American Quarterly, Vol. 37, No. 2. (Summer, 1985), pp. 193–215.
Troyen, Carol. The Boston Tradition. New York: The American Federation of Arts, 1980.
Wilmerding, John. The Genius of American Painting. New York: William Morrow & Company, Inc., 1973.
Wilmerding, John. "Fitz Hugh Lane: Imitations and Attributions." American Art Journal, Vol. 3, No. 2. (Autumn, 1971), pp. 32–40.
Wilmerding, John. American Light: The Luminist Movement, 1850–1875. Washington DC: National Gallery of Art, 1980. |
419_24 | External links
Fitz Henry Lane: An online project under the direction of the CAPE ANN MUSEUM Gloucester, Massachusetts
Museo Thyssen Bornemisza Biography and Works: Fitz Henry Lane
Art and the Empire City: New York, 1825-1861, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Lane (see index)
Fitz Hugh Lane on Artfact.com
1804 births
1865 deaths
19th-century American painters
19th-century male artists
American male painters
American landscape painters
Luminism (American art style)
People from Gloucester, Massachusetts
American marine artists
Painters from Massachusetts
American printmakers |
420_0 | Tring Park School for the Performing Arts is an independent co-educational school offering specialist courses in Dance, Commercial Music, Musical Theatre and Acting for 8-19 year olds. Originally known as the Arts Educational School, Tring Park, it was founded as the sister school of the Arts Educational School, London. In 2009 it became independent of the London school and was renamed Tring Park School for the Performing Arts. |
420_1 | Overview
Tring Park School for the Performing Arts is an independent, co-educational boarding and day school for pupils aged 8–19 years. It comprises a preparatory school, lower school, secondary school and sixth form and at a professional level. It is a specialist provider of vocational training in the performing arts, with a syllabus that includes Dance, Acting, Commercial Music and Musical Theatre. Vocational studies are supported by a full academic syllabus from Prep to A-level. As one of the leading schools for the performing arts in the United Kingdom, it is one of only twenty-one schools selected to allocate Government funded Dance and Drama Awards, a scholarship scheme established to subsidise the cost of professional dance and drama training for the most talented pupils at leading institutions.
History |
420_2 | The school was first founded in 1939 and was originally known as the Cone-Ripman School. It was formed as a result of a merger between the Cone School of Dancing founded in 1919 by Grace Cone, and the Ripman School founded in 1922 by Olive Ripman. |
420_3 | The schools were initially in two parts, the Cone studio located above Lilly & Skinner's shoe shop on Oxford Street the Ripman in Baker Street. Cone-Ripman School was then based in premises at Stratford Place in London, but following the outbreak of World War II, it was relocated to Tring in Hertfordshire, using various rented buildings. In 1941, the school reopened in London, but a second school continued to operate in Tring. In 1945, the Rothschild Bank vacated the mansion at Tring Park, which had been its temporary base during the war, and the Rothschild family permitted the school to use the premises on a permanent basis. Tring Park remains the school's sole campus to this day and in 1947, the school was renamed the Arts Educational School, Tring Park, with the London school becoming the Arts Educational School, London. In 1970, the school acquired the freehold of the mansion and grounds and began a redevelopment of the site, financed by the sale of unused land. The |
420_4 | refurbished building was officially opened in 1976 by the Duchess of Kent. The school was later extended in 1990, with the opening of the Markova Theatre by The Prince Edward. In 1993, the school purchased the former St Francis de Sales Convent for use as offsite boarding accommodation for senior pupils. A second house was purchased for use as boarding accommodation in 1994. |
420_5 | Later in 1994, the Arts Educational Schools Trust decided that it was in the best interests of both the London and Tring schools, for them to be run separately. This led to the formation of the AES Tring Park School Trust, which acquired the school and is now solely responsible for its ongoing management. In 2009, to further identify the school as an independent institution, it changed its name to Tring Park School for the Performing Arts. The London school continues to operate, and is commonly known as ArtsEd.
For many years, the school's president was the renowned Prima Ballerina Assoluta, Dame Alicia Markova. After her death, Leopold David de Rothschild CBE became president and the vice presidents are Irek Mukhamedov OBE and Howard Goodall CBE.
History of the mansion
The current Tring Park Mansion was built to a design of Sir Christopher Wren in 1685, for Sir Henry Guy. |
420_6 | Sir William Gore, Lord Mayor of London, bought the house in 1705 and it remained in his family for two subsequent generations. in 1786, it was sold to Sir Drummond Smith, a London banker, who refurbished the interior in Georgian style and remodelled the park in the fashion made popular by "Capability" Brown. William Kay, a Manchester textile magnate, bought the estate in 1823.
In 1838, Nathan de Rothschild began renting Tring Park as a summer residence. When the property was sold in 1872, Lionel de Rothschild bought it as a wedding present for his son, Sir Nathaniel (later Lord) de Rothschild. Lord Rothschild's family grew up and lived at Tring Park until the death of the dowager Lady Rothschild in 1935.
The house was used by the NM Rothschild & Sons bank during World War II before being taken over by the Arts Educational School in 1945.
Notable former pupils |
420_7 | Actors/presenters/writers
Dame Julie Andrews, DBE (The Cone-Ripman School, Tring site) Actress best known for films Mary Poppins and The Sound of Music
Joe Ashman, Actor, known for Free Rein, Doctors and Doctors
Dame Beryl Bainbridge, DBE (deceased), (The Cone-Ripman School, Tring site) Actress/writer In 2008, The Times newspaper named Bainbridge among their list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".
Aeronwy Thomas, (deceased), (Arts Educational School, Tring site) Writer/translator of Italian poetry and daughter of Dylan Thomas. Patron of the Dylan Thomas Society
Jane Seymour, OBE (Arts Educational School, Tring site) Hollywood actress, best known playing Bond girl Solitaire in the film Live And Let Die and the TV series Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman
Michael Learned, (Arts Educational School, Tring site) Actress, best known for her role in The Waltons |
420_8 | Thandie Newton, (Arts Educational School, Tring site) Hollywood actress and star of films such as; The Pursuit of Happyness, Run Fatboy Run, Mission: Impossible 2 and Crash
Jessica Brown Findlay, Actress, best known for TV series Downton Abbey as a lead character: Lady Sybil Crawley (2010/11)
Amy Nuttall, Actress and singer, best known for West End musical Guys and Dolls, TV series Emmerdale & Downton Abbey (2011)
Emma Cunniffe, Actress, best known for BBC TV's series The Lakes
Caroline Quentin, Actress and comedian, best known for TV series Men Behaving Badly, Blue Murder and BBC's Life of Riley
Valerie Singleton, OBE, (Arts Educational School, Tring site) Former BBC TV co-presenter of Blue Peter, Nationwide, The Money Programme'.
Geraldine Somerville, Actress known for her role of; Lily Potter in the Harry Potter films and the film Gosford ParkLouise Griffiths, Songwriter/Singer/Actress, best known for BBC TV's Fame Academy (2003) |
420_9 | Claire Trévien, poet, author of The Shipwrecked HouseDaisy Ridley, actress best known for her leading role of 'Rey' in the Star Wars sequel trilogy
Aimee Kelly, actress best known in leading roles of 'Maddy Smith' in CBBC's Wolfblood and 'Kayla Richards' in 2011 movie, Sket''
Lily James, actress best known for Downton Abbey, Cinderella (2015 Disney film) and Baby Driver (2017) and War and Peace (2015) |
420_10 | Musical theatre
Sarah Brightman, (Arts Educational School, Tring site) Operatic singer, dancer and actress. Celebrated star of Lloyd Webber's Phantom
Stephanie Lawrence (deceased) (Arts Educational School, Tring site) Musical theatre actress, celebrated star of;Lloyd Webber's Evita and original cast lead of Starlight Express
Charlie Bruce (Charlotte), Jazz Dancer/West End performer (Dirty Dancing) and winner of BBC1's, So You Think You Can Dance (UK) Season 1, (2010)
Edward Hewlett (Chun), (Arts Educational School, Tring site) Musician, Assistant Musical Director; Jersey Boys UK Tour 2018/19. |
420_11 | Ballet/dance
John Gilpin (deceased) (The Cone-Ripman School, Tring site), Classical ballet dancer, 'arguably the finest male dancer England has yet produced, the most purely classical' founder member of Festival Ballet (now English National Ballet)
Molly Hair (Hair Russell) (Cone School of Dancing London) original soprano, principal dancer and choreographer for The Welsh National Opera Company's Corp de Ballet during its inception period 1946-1955.
Rupert Pennefather, (Arts Educational School, Tring site), Principal Dancer of The Royal Ballet
Joshua Thew, Corps de Ballet, New York City Ballet
References
Bibliography
Ben Stevenson OBE 'most influential mentors' Eve Pettinger http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1083/is_12_83/ai_n45144389/
http://www.texasballettheater.org/?q=staff_stevenson
External links
Official website
https://web.archive.org/web/20110415083328/http://www.tring.gov.uk/info/artsed.htm |
420_12 | Independent schools in Hertfordshire
Schools of the performing arts in the United Kingdom
Dance schools in the United Kingdom
Relocated schools
Tring
Member schools of the Independent Schools Association (UK)
Boarding schools in Hertfordshire |
421_0 | Yann Gérard M'Vila (born 29 June 1990) is a French professional footballer who plays for Super League Greece club Olympiacos. He operates primarily as a defensive midfielder, and is described by his former club as a player who possesses "excellent defensive abilities" and "impressive physical strength", but can also play as a box-to-box midfielder, due to his impressive work rates and stamina. He is the younger brother of Yohan M'Vila. |
421_1 | M'Vila is a French international, having played at all levels for which he was eligible. He has captained several of his age groups including the under-19 team that reached the semi-finals of the 2009 UEFA European Under-19 Championship. M'Vila also played on France teams that participated in the 2007 UEFA European Under-17 Championship and the 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup. He is currently playing for the senior team. M'Vila made his senior debut on 11 August 2010 in a friendly against Norway, and was part of the French squad which reached the quarter-finals of UEFA Euro 2012.
Club career |
421_2 | Early career
M'Vila began his football career at age six for ES Sains-Saint-Fussien. He spent three years at the club and, in July 1999, joined the biggest club in the region, Amiens SC. M'Vila joined the club as a youth player and practised in the club's soccer school, which was established by his father, who had previously played on the club's reserve team. After spending five seasons at the club, M'Vila left the club after developing friction and ventured to Paris to join FC Mantes. During his short stint at Mantes, M'Vila lived with his grandparents. M'Vila admitted that, during his time at Mantes, he had "forgot his dream" of becoming a professional footballer. The desire was brought back after he was discovered by a Rennes scout in October 2004. The following month, M'Vila departed Mantes to join the prestigious youth academy of Rennes after signing an aspirant (youth) contract with the club. |
421_3 | Among M'Vila's teammates in the youth system included fellow prospects Damien Le Tallec, the younger brother of Anthony Le Tallec, Yohann Lasimant, Abdoul Camara and Yacine Brahimi. The combination of M'Vila, Brahimi, Camara, and Le Tallec, all four being members of the class of 1990, were particularly instrumental in their youth team's successes. With the under-16 team, the foursome won the Tournoi Carisport, a national tournament that regularly pits the top academies in France against each other. Two seasons later with the under-18 team, M'Vila won the under-18 league championship for the 2006–07 season. In 2008, the youth academy achieved its biggest honour after winning the Coupe Gambardella. The title was Rennes' third Gambardella Cup and its first since 2003 when the likes of Yoann Gourcuff and Sylvain Marveaux were playing in the competition. In the final, Rennes faced Bordeaux and M'Vila was tasked with the objective of containing fellow French starlet Grégory Sertic. He |
421_4 | accomplished the task and also scored a goal on a left-footed strike from out leading the team to a 3–0 victory. |
421_5 | Rennes |
421_6 | Following the 2006–07 season, on 11 August 2007 M'Vila, alongside teammates Le Tallec and Camara, signed his first professional contract after agreeing to a three-year deal with Rennes. He spent the entire season playing on the club's reserve team in the Championnat de France Amateur in the fourth division before being officially promoted to the senior squad and assigned the number 15 shirt for the 2008–09 season. Due to having minor surgery on his toenail and his attitude being questioned by manager Guy Lacombe, M'Vila missed significant practice time with the senior team and began the season with the club's Championnat de France Amateur team for the second consecutive year. Despite Lacombe questioning the player's attitude, M'Vila has declared that he bears no ill feelings towards Lacombe. He subsequently appeared in 20 matches with the reserve team and scored no goals as the team finished first among professional clubs in its group, thus qualifying for the play-offs, where the club |
421_7 | lost to Lyon in the semi-finals. |
421_8 | Following a successful international campaign with the France under-19 team, on 13 August 2009, new manager Frédéric Antonetti announced that M'Vila would be earning some significant playing time with the club for the 2009–10 season. Two days later, after appearing with the CFA team in the first week of the season, he was named to the 19-man squad to face Nice. He made his professional debut in that match appearing as a substitute in the 80th minute. Due to the suspension of Japanese midfielder Junichi Inamoto, M'Vila earned his first start the following week against Marseille. He played the entire match, which ended 1–1. The following week against Lens, M'Vila earned his first professional red card. After returning from suspension, M'Vila never lost his place within the team breaking the starting eleven in all the remaining league matches, save for one. |
421_9 | On 15 September 2009, M'Vila signed a contract extension with Rennes until June 2013. On 27 August 2010, he agreed to another extension with the club. The new deal extends until 2014. On 18 December, in a 1–0 win over Valenciennes, M'Vila played the entire match completing 100 of his 112 attempted passes, the former statistical output being a league-high for the season. Due to his performances domestically and internationally, M'Vila was linked to Spanish club Real Madrid and English club Liverpool during the fall season. In December 2010, the midfielder quelled the interest by declaring his commitment to Rennes and also jokingly stating that he would only depart Rennes after scoring his first goal. Coincidentally, he scored his first professional goal on 9 January 2011 in a 7–0 hammering of Championnat National club Cannes in the Coupe de France. A week later, M'Vila scored his first career league goal in a 4–0 win over Arles-Avignon. On 20 February, M'Vila scored the opening goal |
421_10 | for Rennes, converting a free kick, in a 2–1 win over Toulouse. M'Vila was rewarded for his performances during the season with a nomination for the UNFP Ligue 1 Young Player of the Year. The midfielder lost out on the award to national team teammate Mamadou Sakho, but was given consolation with an appearance on the organisation's Team of the Year. A day later, Rennes confirmed on its website that M'Vila had signed a one-year contract extension with the club. The new deal will keep him with Rennes until 2015. |
421_11 | M'Vila opened the 2011–12 season making his European debut in a UEFA Europa League third qualifying round first leg tie against Georgian club Metalurgi Rustavi on 28 July 2011. M'Vila played the entire match in a 5–2 win. On 25 August, he scored his first and only goal of the campaign in a 4–0 second leg win over Serbian club Red Star Belgrade in the Europa League play-off round. On 15 September, M'Vila captained Rennes for the first time in a 1–1 league draw with Nancy. He finished the campaign appearing in a career-high 50 matches, which included all 38 league contests, as Rennes finished in sixth place. Despite consistently appearing with the team, as the season progressed, M'Vila was subjected to criticism from the club's supporters due to his under-performance as perceived by them. The criticism culminated on 11 April 2012 following the midfielder's performance in Rennes' shock 2–1 defeat to semi-professional club Quevilly in the semi-finals of the Coupe de France. In the team's |
421_12 | ensuing match against Nice, M'Vila was jeered by the club's support. The midfielder was defended by his coach Antonetti, who declared, "We demand a lot from M'Vila. But, we forget that he has already given so much to the club," while also joking that M'Vila "touched the ball so much that they [supporters] couldn't keep up. It made me smile a little". |
421_13 | Rubin Kazan
On 22 January 2013, it was announced that Rennes had accepted an offer in the region of €12 million from Rubin Kazan for M'Vila.
M'Vila went AWOL during the 2013–14 winter break, failing to join Rubin Kazan's training camp in Turkey and instead returning to France. This caused a dispute with coach Rinat Bilyaletdinov.
Inter Milan (loan)
On 15 July 2014, M'Vila joined Inter Milan on loan from Rubin Kazan until the end of the 2014–15 season with an option to purchase the player on a permanent basis. He made his Serie A debut on 31 August as they began the season with a goalless draw at Torino; he was substituted after 56 minutes for fellow debutant Dani Osvaldo. On 25 January, it was announced that the loan had been terminated and therefore M'vila returned to Kazan following a disagreement with new Inter manager Roberto Mancini. |
421_14 | M'Vila spent a period training with Dynamo Moscow, but did not officially sign for the Russian club after a dispute resulting in the trashing of his Moscow home.
Sunderland (loan) |
421_15 | On 6 August 2015, M'Vila joined English Premier League side Sunderland on a season-long loan with a view to being made a permanent deal. He made his first appearance for the club in an under-21 match against Norwich City, but was sent off after 69 minutes for a head-butt on Jamar Loza. On 29 August 2015, M'Vila scored his first Sunderland goal, a long range free-kick against Aston Villa. On 25 October 2015, M'Vila was named the Premier League man of the match in Sunderland's 3–0 home victory over Newcastle United in the Tyne-Wear derby. He subsequently described the atmosphere of the match as the best he had played in, eclipsing that of the Milan Derby. After another man of the match performance in a 3–1 defeat at Arsenal on 5 December 2015, M'Vila was praised by teammate Ola Toivonen, who described him as "a top European player. As he plays more games he's going to show that he's the top player we know he is". |
421_16 | In February 2016, M'Vila expressed his desire to stay at Sunderland on a permanent basis, provided the 'Black Cats' avoided relegation. He also hoped to reach an agreement with Rubin Kazan to terminate his contract, which was running until December 2016. M'Vila ultimately finished the season with 37 league appearances for Sunderland, as they ultimately secured survival with a 3–0 home victory over Everton on 11 May 2016. Manager Sam Allardyce confirmed both club and player were keen to make the move permanent.
On 1 September 2016, M'Vila took his frustrations to Instagram, after the club rejected to sign the player by not picking up the phone. M'Vila was a fan favourite during his time in the North East, which caused an angry repost towards Sunderland club owner Ellis Short. |
421_17 | Return to Rubin
M'Vila played his first game for Rubin in two years upon the return from loans on 22 September 2016 when he came on as a substitute in a Russian Cup matchup against Chita. Rubin manager Javi Gracia chose to play Alex Song over M'Vila at the defensive midfield position in all the league games up to that point. M'Vila returned to league action for Rubin on 2 October 2016, when he was a late substitute in a game against Krasnodar. In Rubin's next match, against Krylia Sovetov Samara on 15 October, M'Vila returned to the starting line-up, pushing Song to the bench. On 26 December, M'Vila signed a three-and-a-half-year contract extension with Rubin that was expected to run until the summer of 2020.
Saint-Etienne
On 12 January 2018, M'Vila was released from his Rubin Kazan contract, before signing for AS Saint-Étienne until the summer of 2019.
Olympiacos
On 13 September 2020, M'Vila signed a three-year contract with Super League Greece club Olympiacos. |
421_18 | International career |
421_19 | Youth |
421_20 | M'Vila has featured for all of France's national youth teams for which he was eligible beginning with the under-16 team. He made his international debut with the team on 23 May 2006 in a friendly against Romania. M'Vila made his only other appearance in the team in the return leg against Romania. M'Vila began featuring as a regular international with the under-17 team making his debut on 5 December 2006 in a friendly match against the Czech Republic. M'Vila scored his first international goal on 20 February 2007 against Portugal in the Algarve Cup. He was a member of the team that reached the semi-finals at the 2007 UEFA European Under-17 Championship where they lost to England. In the competition, M'Vila scored a goal against group stage opponents Ukraine in a 2–2 draw. The draw resulted in France advancing to the 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup held in South Korea. M'Vila appeared in all five matches helping the team reach the quarter-finals where they were defeated by Spain on penalties. |
421_21 | With the under-18 team, M'Vila appeared in six of the ten matches the team contested. He made his debut with the team in its opening match against the United States in the Tournoi de Limoges. M'Vila appeared in all 18 matches scoring 3 goals with the under-19 team. He was given the honour of captaining the team by coach Jean Gallice. He scored one goal during the qualification process against Romania in a 3–0 victory. The victory assured qualification to the tournament. At the tournament, held in the Ukraine, M'Vila appeared in all three group stage matches helping France reach the semi-finals. Due to picking up a yellow card in back-to-back matches, M'Vila missed the semi-final defeat to England. Upon receiving the yellow card in the final group stage match against Spain, a very distraught M'Vila palmed his face into his knees as he knew he would miss the important semi-final match. |
421_22 | Just days after the under-19 elimination, M'Vila was called up to the under-21 team, the only one of the under-19 squad, to participate in the team's friendly match against Poland on 12 August. He made his under-21 debut in that match appearing as a substitute in the 74th minute of a 2–2 draw. On 25 February 2010, M'Vila was reportedly named to the senior team for their friendly against Spain on 3 March. The news was based on the preliminary list sent to news agencies minutes before coach Raymond Domenech was to announce the squad in a press conference. However, following the formalisation of the list at the start of the press conference, his name was replaced with Marseille midfielder Benoît Cheyrou. M'Vila was later called up to the under-21 team for their friendly against Croatia, but withdrew from the team due to injury.
Senior |
421_23 | On 11 May, M'Vila was named to the 30-man preliminary list by Domenech to play in the 2010 FIFA World Cup but failed to make the final 23. On 5 August 2010, M'Vila was officially called up to the senior team for the first time by new manager Laurent Blanc for the team's friendly match against Norway on 11 August 2010. He earned his first senior cap in the match starting in the defensive midfielder role. Despite France losing the match 2–1, M'Vila earned rave reviews for his performance, with many media outlets in France naming him the team's player of the match. |
421_24 | Following his debut, M'Vila appeared in five consecutive matches for France. After starting in the team's UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying victory over Bosnia and Herzegovina in September 2010, he became the only player to feature as a starter in Blanc's first three matches as manager. On 25 March 2011, M'Vila completed 92.5% of his 134 attempted passes in a 2–0 UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying win over Luxembourg. The feat was the best by any France player in an international match since 2006. On 2 September 2011, M'Vila scored his first international goal in a 2–1 Euro qualifying victory over Albania. |
421_25 | After appearing regularly in qualifying for Euro 2012, on 29 May 2012 M'Vila was named to the squad to participate in the competition. After missing the team's opening match against England due to an ankle injury, on 15 June, he made his debut at a senior international competition in the team's second group stage match against the Ukraine. M'Vila appeared as a substitute for Alou Diarra in the second half as France won the match 2–0.
M'Vila last played for French representative teams when he featured in both legs of the France U21 team's qualification play-off with Norway U21; the Norwegians' aggregate victory meant France failed to qualify for the final tournament. On 8 November 2012, M'Vila was banned from national team matches until June 2014 after an unauthorised night out while on under-21 duty.
Style of play |
421_26 | M'Vila primarily plays as a defensive midfielder and is described as a player who "boasts a fantastic work-rate" and is "robust in the challenge". He is also known for his passing ability and "superb vision". M'Vila has earned critical acclaim for his playing style, which has led to coaches and players drawing comparisons to fellow French internationals Patrick Vieira and Claude Makélélé. Under manager Frédéric Antonetti at Rennes, despite playing as a defensive midfielder, M'Vila acts as the team's deep-lying playmaker and is often instrumental in building-up attacks from the back. His importance in the team was shown in Rennes' 1–0 league defeat to Toulouse during the 2011–12 season, in which the Bretagne side failed to produce anything offensively. M'Vila, himself, declared that Rennes struggled because he was forced to play in a withdrawn role due to "the opponents being organized to close me down" and, as a result, he was "not in the drivers' seat". Though, he plays as a |
421_27 | defensive midfielder, M'Vila can also play as a box-to-box midfielder as he has done at times under Laurent Blanc at international level. |
421_28 | M'Vila's passing ability and ability to retain possession consistently has been described as "precise" and "imaginative", respectively. His manager Antonetti has declared that M'Vila "reads the game like Makélélé, has the presence of Vieira and can pass the ball like Yaya Touré". In the past two Ligue 1 seasons (2010–11 and 2011–12), M'Vila led the league each season in passes attempted and passes completed finishing the campaigns with a combined passing percentage of 84%. In the 2010–11 season, he finished third behind attacking midfielders Yohan Cabaye and Morgan Amalfitano in balls played. Despite his position, M'Vila is also known for his disciplined style of play. So far in his career as a professional, in which he has accumulated over 120 appearances, M'Vila has collected only 16 yellow cards and suffered only one expulsion, which came in his third professional appearance; he was also expelled from the team's 2011–12 UEFA Europa League group stage match against Celtic in |
421_29 | November 2011, but this was after incurring a second bookable offence. |
421_30 | Despite the positive opinions, M'Vila has endured criticism, most notably from Rennes' former manager Guy Lacombe, who viewed the player as a "loose cannon" while also questioning M'Vila's attitude and dedication. While M'Vila initially voiced his frustration at his lack of playing time under Lacombe, he has since stated he bears no ill feelings towards his former manager. After hearing M'Vila's initial frustrations in May 2010, Lacombe informed French publication France Football that, "If he [M'Vila] had a black season, it's more his fault than that of the coaches," referring to M'Vila's 2008–09 season after signing his first professional contract. |
421_31 | Personal life
M'Vila was born in Amiens, Somme. His father, Jean-Elvis M'Vila, was a former football player who is originally from the Republic of the Congo. He moved to France in 1983 and played football for 13 years regularly turning out for the reserves of local club Amiens SC. His father currently resides in Cholet. He was a police officer and now works in metallurgy. Yann also has two younger sisters and an older brother. His brother, Yohan M'Vila, also plays professional football. Yann, himself, is married and has a son who was born when he was 18 years old.
Career statistics
Club
International
Scores and results list France's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each M'Vila goal.
Honours
Rennes Youth
Coupe Gambardella: 2007–08
AS Saint-Étienne
Coupe de France ;runner-up: 2019–20
Olympiacos
Super League Greece: 2020–21
Greek Cup ;runner-up: 2020–21
Individual
UNFP Ligue 1 Team of the Year: 2010–11
Super League Greece Team of the Year: 2020–21
References |
421_32 | External links
1990 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Amiens
French footballers
France youth international footballers
France under-21 international footballers
France international footballers
Association football midfielders
Stade Rennais F.C. players
FC Rubin Kazan players
Inter Milan players
Sunderland A.F.C. players
AS Saint-Étienne players
Olympiacos F.C. players
Ligue 1 players
Russian Premier League players
Serie A players
Premier League players
Super League Greece players
UEFA Euro 2012 players
French expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Greece
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Expatriate footballers in Russia
French expatriate sportspeople in England
French expatriate sportspeople in Greece
French expatriate sportspeople in Italy
French expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Black French sportspeople
French sportspeople of Democratic Republic of the Congo descent
French sportspeople of Republic of the Congo descent |
422_0 | The 517th Airlift Squadron is an active unit of the United States Air Force, Pacific Air Forces 3d Wing at Joint Base Elmendorf–Richardson, Alaska. It operates Beechcraft C-12 Huron and Boeing C-17 Globemaster III aircraft providing airlift in the Pacific theater.
Mission
The 517th Airlift Squadron provides airlift operating Boeing C-17 Globemaster III and Beechcraft C-12F Huron aircraft. Supporting worldwide airlift, airdrop, airland requirements while providing airlift for theater deployed forces and resupply of remote Alaskan long-range radar sites in support of United States Pacific Command, North American Aerospace Defense Command, and United States Transportation Command. Provides aircrew qualification training for the U.S. Air Force.
History |
422_1 | World War II
Activated in December 1940 as the 17th Transport Squadron flying Douglas C-47 Skytrain transport aircraft. It trained under I Troop Carrier Command for combat operations. In July 1942, redesignated 17th Troop Carrier Squadron. It was assigned to VIII Air Support Command of Eighth Air Force and deployed to England in August 1942, providing transport to the newly established U.S. Army Air Forces. |
422_2 | The squadron was transferred to Algiers, Algeria in November 1942, and attached, being later assigned to Twelfth Air Force as part of the North African Campaign. The squadron's aircraft flew supplies to front-line units in Algeria and Tunisia as soon as suitable landing strips were available and evacuated casualties back to rear area field hospitals. A flight of the squadron deployed to Tenth Air Force in India during the fall of 1942, to assist in the resupply of Brigadier General Frank Merrill and his men, affectionately known as "Merrill's Marauders". It was during this Ceylon, Burma, India campaign that the squadron received its first Distinguished Unit Citation, returning to Tunisia by the end of the year. During WW II, members of a C-47 crew of the 17th Troop Carrier Squadron were credited with downing an enemy plane after they were attacked by Japanese fighter planes while on a mission near the Indo-Burmese border. |
422_3 | The squadron moved to Sicily, dropping airborne forces onto the island during Operation Husky, then moved to forward airfields in Italy during 1943 as part of the Italian Campaign. Just prior to D Day, part of the 16th left India for Italy to tow gliders into France on D Day.
In July 1944, the detached unit was joined by the remainder of the 16th at Ciampino Airport, Italy and as the European Theater closed in on Germany, part of the 16th again went on detached service to Rosignano Airfield, Italy, operating resupply missions to Greek partisans during September and October 1944. |
422_4 | In the fall of 1944, it moved to France in support of Operation Anvil, the Allied invasion of Southern France, and supported ground forces moving north through the Rhone Valley to link up with Allied forces moving east from Normandy. Returned to Northern Italy in early 1945, supporting the drive into the Po River Valley and the end of combat in Italy during May 1945. The squadron also hauled food, clothing, medicine, gasoline, ordnance equipment, and other supplies to the front lines and evacuated patients to rear zone hospitals.
In late May 1945, after V-E Day, the squadron moved to Waller Field, Trinidad and was attached to Air Transport Command. From Trinidad, the squadron ferried returning military personnel to Morrison Field, Florida, where they were sent on to other bases or prepared for separation after the war. The squadron was inactivated at the end of July 1945.
Airlift operations |
422_5 | It was activated but unmanned from 1947–1948. When reactivated again in the 1960 it resupplied Distant Early Warning Line sites in Northern Canada and radar sites in Greenland. Parts of the squadron deployed to South Vietnam from 1967-1968 to provide tactical airlift. It provided intratheater airlift within Alaska including support to forward operating bases, airland/airdrop of troops, equipment and supplies, and Search and rescue as required. It provided Lockheed C-130 Hercules crews for Pacific airlift to Southwest Asia, August–November 1990. |
422_6 | Redesignated the 517th Airlift Squadron on 1 Apr 1992, it has provided worldwide combat airdrop, tactical air/land, operational support airlift, airlift for theater deployed forces and resupply of remote Alaskan long-range radar sites in support of Pacific Air Forces. It has provided continuous rotational airlift and airdrop support in Afghanistan and Iraq since 2004. The 517th, flying C-130H1s, was among first United States units to participate in relief efforts following the 2004 Asian tsunami that occurred on 26 December 2004. |
422_7 | Lineage
Constituted as the 17th Transport Squadron on 20 November 1940
Activated on 11 December 1940
Redesignated 17th Troop Carrier Squadron on 4 July 1942
Inactivated on 31 July 1945
Activated on 19 May 1947
Inactivated on 10 September 1948
Redesignated 17th Troop Carrier Squadron, Medium on 3 July 1952
Activated on 14 July 1952
Inactivated on 21 July 1954
Activated on 24 October 1960 (not organized)
Organized on 8 February 1961
Redesignated 17th Troop Carrier Squadron on 8 December 1965
Redesignated 17th Tactical Airlift Squadron on 1 September 1967
Redesignated 517th Airlift Squadron on 1 April 1992 |
422_8 | Assignments
64th Transport Group (later 64th Troop Carrier Group), 11 December 1940 – 31 July 1945
64th Troop Carrier Group, 19 May 1947 – 10 September 1948
64th Troop Carrier Group, 14 July 1952 – 21 July 1954
Tactical Air Command, 24 October 1960 (not organized)
64th Troop Carrier Wing, 8 February 1961
516th Troop Carrier Wing, 1 January 1963
5040th Air Base Wing, 15 June 1964
21st Composite Wing, 8 July 1966
Twenty-Second Air Force, 31 March 1975
616th Military Airlift Group, 1 November 1975
3d Operations Group, 1 April 1992 – present
Stations |
422_9 | McClellan Field, California, 11 December 1940
Portland Army Air Base, Oregon, 9 July 1941
Westover Field, Massachusetts, 12 June–31 July 1942
RAF Ramsbury (AAF-469), England, 18 August–November 1942
Operated from Maison Blanche Airport, Algiers, Algeria, 11 November–December 1942
Blida Airfield, Algeria, c. 12 December 1942
Kairouan Airfield, Tunisia, 28 June 1943
El Djem Airfield, Tunisia, 26 July 1943
Comiso Airfield, Sicily, 4 September 1943
Operated from bases in India, 7 April–June 1944 |
422_10 | Ciampino Airport, Italy, 10 July 1944
Operated from Istres/Le Tubé Airfield (Y-17), France, 7 September–11 October 1944
Rosignano Airfield, Italy, 10 January–23 May 1945
Operated from Brindisi Airfield, Italy, 29 March–13 May 1945
Waller Field, Trinidad, 4 June–31 July 1945
Langley Field (later Langley Air Fore Base), Virginia 19 May 1947 – 10 September 1948
Donaldson Air Force Base, South Carolina, 14 July 1952 – 21 July 1954
Dyess Air Force Base, Texas, 8 February 1961
Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska, 15 June 1964 – present
Aircraft
Douglas C-47 Skytrain (1941–1945)
Fairchild C-82 Packet (1952–1953)
Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar (1953–1954)
Lockheed C-130 Hercules (1961–2007)
Douglas C-124 Globemaster II (1970–1971)
Beechcraft C-12 Huron (1992–present)
Boeing C-17 Globemaster III (2007–present) |
422_11 | Awards and campaigns
Campaigns. World War II: Algeria-French Morocco; Tunisia; Sicily; Naples-Foggia; Rome-Arno; Southern France; North Apennines; Po Valley, India-Burma. Vietnam: Vietnam Air Offensive; Vietnam Air Offensive, Phase II. |
422_12 | Decorations. Distinguished Unit Citation: CBI Theater, 7 Apr-15 June 1944. Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with Combat "V" Device: 2 May 1967 – 1 January 1968. Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards: 1 July 1962 – 15 June 1964; 16 June 1964 – 31 May 1966; 8 July 1966 – 1 May 1967; 2 Jan-31 December 1968; 1 Jan-31 December 1969; 1 Jan-31 December 1970; 1 Jan-31 December 1971; 1 Jan-31 December 1972; 1 Jan-31 December 1974; 1 Jan-30 March 1975; 1 Jan-31 December 1979; 1 June 1986 – 31 May 1987; 1 June 1987 – 31 May 1989; 1 January 1994 – 31 December 1995; 1 January 1996 – 30 September 1998; 1 January 2000 – 31 December 2001; 1 January 2002 – 30 September 2003; 1 October 2003 – 30 September 2005. Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm: 1 September 1966 – 1 January 1968. |
422_13 | References
Notes
Explanatory notes
Citations
Bibliography
External links
517th Airlift Squadron Fact Sheet
0517
Military units and formations in Alaska |
423_0 | William Erwin Walker, also known as Erwin M. Walker and Machine Gun Walker (born Erwin Mathias Walker; October 6, 1917− October 7, 2008), was an American police employee and World War II United States Army veteran who is remembered for a violent series of thefts, burglaries, and shootouts with police in Los Angeles County, California, in 1945 and 1946, one of which resulted in a fatality. The film He Walked by Night (1948) was loosely based on Walker's 1946 crime spree.
Early life
Not much is known about Walker's early life. He was born Erwin Mathias Walker in 1917 to Weston and Irene Walker, and was raised in Glendale, California. He lived with his parents and a sister. Although nearsighted, Walker was a good athlete. He would later be described as "gentle, affectionate, considerate above the ordinary for the welfare of others, and [giving] no trouble in any way." |
423_1 | Walker's father was a Los Angeles County flood control engineer, and his uncle Herbert V. Walker was a prominent Los Angeles lawyer and Chief Deputy District Attorney. Herbert Walker would later become a Los Angeles County Superior Court judge in the 1950s. He actually signed the final ninth death warrant for Caryl Chessman, the "Red Light Bandit," in February 1960 on which Chessman was ultimately executed in the gas chamber on May 2, 1960. Walker graduated from the Hoover School and attended the California Institute of Technology for one year, excelling in electronics and radio engineering. |
423_2 | Police and military service
After he dropped out of Caltech, Walker worked as a radio operator and police dispatcher for the Glendale Police Department. During World War II, he was conscripted by Selective Service despite his poor eyesight because of his radio and electronics skills. Walker was stationed in Brisbane, Australia, where he attended the South West Pacific Area (SWPA) U.S. Army Officer Candidate School (OCS) at Camp Columbia, Wacol. In 1944, Walker graduated from OCS and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the U.S. Army.
In June 1944, Walker received his first duty assignment. In November, he received orders transferring him to Leyte Island in the Philippines, where he was placed in charge of a Signal Corps radar detachment with 85 men. \Walker was apparently well liked by the soldiers who worked with him, and he was reputed to be more than usually considerate of them. |
423_3 | In later testimony, Walker related that upon arrival at Leyte, he and another officer, a close friend, selected the emplacement for the radar and took routine security measures but did not post a day guard because of standing orders. Walker was ordered to return to his ship. When he returned to the radar site the next day, he learned that elements of an elite Japanese Army paratroop unit had attacked the radar site at sunrise. He learned that John Brake of Rocky Mount, North Carolina, his closest friend, who was also his commanding officer and fellow Signal Corps OCS graduate, had been bayoneted in the neck and disemboweled in the initial assault. Brake survived, and after years of hospital care, managed to live a productive life, despite being paralyzed from the neck down, until his death in 1989. All other members of the unit who had remained at the initial site were killed and horribly mutilated in the barbaric rituals performed on them by their attackers, including disembowelment |
423_4 | while still alive, removal of body parts while still alive, etc. The horror of what Walker and his team found upon their return to the site was enough to cause anyone to lose their minds. |
423_5 | Although Walker and his men were not combat infantrymen, his unit was not reinforced after the initial assault, and the small detachment endured three days and nights of continuous battle with fanatical Japanese paratroopers, who inflicted many casualties. While a subsequent investigation found no dereliction of duty on the part of any of the officers in the detachment, Walker later testified that he felt responsible for what had happened. After the encounter on Leyte, Walker informed his commanding officer that he could not continue to serve and asked to return to the United States. He was released from active duty in the South Pacific in December 1944, but was promoted to first lieutenant in July 1945, three months after his arrival in the United States. |
423_6 | According to his own later statements and those of his family, Walker returned from overseas duty deeply disturbed and convinced that he was responsible for the death of soldiers in his unit by not preparing defenses for his position. He later described his guilt over his best friend's death, which he believed might have been prevented if he had ordered his men to dig foxholes. Walker would later claim his guilt was intensified by the anger of the soldiers who had served with him but shunned him thereafter. He never again lived with his family, instead renting an apartment and living alone. His family said that he was morose, melancholy, taciturn, brooding, rough with small children, secretive, and difficult. He took several jobs but always quit them after a short time. He turned down an offer from the Glendale Police Department to return to his old job, reportedly because of the low pay. He was frequently seen with a machine gun. |
423_7 | Initial crime spree
Early in 1945, still on active duty as an Army First Lieutenant, Walker burglarized an auto repair garage, taking a set of tools, voltmeter, and radio tuner. In August 1945, he entered an Army Ordnance warehouse at night and stole seven 45-caliber Thompson submachine guns, twelve .45-caliber pistols, six .38-caliber revolvers, ammunition, holsters, and magazines. Walker was discharged from the Army in November 1945. During his first week of terminal leave, he stole an automobile, changed its license plates, and used it to transfer some of the stolen goods. He next broke into a clothing store and took several pieces of men's clothing. Walker next targeted the warehouses and offices of record and film companies, taking amplifiers, electronic equipment, records, movie projectors, recording turntables, cameras, and other equipment. He rented a garage, fitting it out as an experimental workshop. |
423_8 | Using the garage as his base of operations, Walker continued to commit burglaries to pay his living expenses and acquire electronic equipment. His criminal spree eventually totaled more than a dozen armed robberies, safecracking, and burglaries, netting him a sum of approximately $70,000. Walker later explained that his crimes were motivated by a desire to gather funds and equipment to build an electronic radar gun (which, by shooting a beam, would disintegrate metal into powder) so that he could force the government to pass legislation raising soldiers' pay. That would, in turn, increase the cost of war to a point that it could not profitably be waged.
Calling himself Paul C. Norris, Walker contacted Willard W. Starr, a sound engineer who bought and sold motion picture and sound recording equipment out of his home, to sell him a collection of commercial motion-picture equipment. Starr immediately suspected that the motion-picture equipment had been stolen and alerted the police. |
423_9 | On April 25, 1946, LAPD Hollywood division detectives Lieutenant Colin C. Forbes, and his partner, Sergeant Stewart W. Johnson, staked out Starr's home to wait for the suspect's arrival. As Walker approached the house, the detectives emerged to confront him. Walker opened fire, and Forbes was hit in the abdomen at pointblank range after his own pistol jammed. Johnson wounded Walker in the stomach and left leg with at least two bullets from his .38-caliber service revolver. Despite his wounds, Walker escaped on foot using the labyrinth of storm drains under the city. Forbes and Johnson were both rushed to a hospital, where Forbes was found to have a .45-caliber bullet lodged against his spine. He recovered although doctors were unable to remove the bullet and had to leave it in place. |
423_10 | In May 1946, Walker committed another burglary by stealing rolls of safety-detonating fuse and priming cord. To open safes and break locks, Walker made his own explosive, nitroglycerine, by using fuming nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and glycerine. On June 5, 1946, Walker drove to a meat market at the corner of Los Feliz Boulevard and Brunswick Avenue in Glendale, California. According to Walker's court testimony, after severing the lock on the store with bolt cutters, he then put on his own padlock. Walker then hid the bolt cutters in an adjoining area, got into his car, and drove around the block to see if he had been observed. Not seeing anyone, he retrieved the bolt cutters and returned to his car, again driving around the block. Getting out of his car, Walker said he saw a person with a flashlight in the vicinity of where he had hidden the bolt cutters. He watched the person with the flashlight enter a car and drive it toward him. |
423_11 | As the car drew opposite him, Walker recognized the person as a policeman. California Highway Patrol Officer Loren Cornwell Roosevelt, the one-time police chief of Arcadia, California, called Walker to his car and asked what he was doing in the neighborhood. Walker responded that he was going to see a girlfriend. The officer, sitting behind the steering wheel with a flashlight in his left hand and his right hand on the butt of his gun, asked the defendant for his identification. Walker stated that he slowly eased a loaded .45 automatic pistol from under his belt and pointed it at Officer Roosevelt, who drew his own police service revolver in response. Walker testified that he shot Officer Roosevelt twice, ducked, and ran, abandoning his own car and again escaping via the storm drains. According to detectives who interviewed him, Walker told a slightly different version of what happened at the time of his arrest, declaring that Officer Roosevelt had shot at him first, which forced |
423_12 | Walker to duck and return fire, hitting Roosevelt twice. Walker then elaborated that Roosevelt had asked him to call an ambulance, and Walker responded that he would do nothing for him. |
423_13 | The gunfire awoke residents in the area, who called police. According to later newspaper accounts, Officer Roosevelt returned fire but was apparently unable to place a radio call for help because of his wounds. Hit multiple times by .45-caliber bullets, Officer Roosevelt was rushed to a nearby hospital. Although badly wounded, Officer Roosevelt was able, before his death, to give both a physical description of his assailant and a different account of his encounter with Walker and the subsequent gunfight. Roosevelt told investigators that he was returning to his home in the early morning hours, he began a pursuit of a speeding vehicle on Los Feliz Boulevard, which slowed to a crawl after Roosevelt overtook the vehicle, at which time the driver opened fire without warning. |
423_14 | While Walker stated that he shot Officer Roosevelt twice, later newspaper accounts stated that Roosevelt was hit by no fewer than nine .45-caliber bullets. If Officer Roosevelt's account of the shooting is correct, the fact that he was hit nine times at night by .45-caliber bullets strongly indicates that Walker actually shot Roosevelt from his car with a burst of automatic fire from a Thompson submachine gun. |
423_15 | Roosevelt died in hospital a few hours after the shooting. Walker's abandoned car was found to contain bolt cutters, a loaded Thompson submachine gun, a bag of tools, sap, sash cord, bell wire, hacksaw blades, hand drill, electric drill, crescent wrenches, pry bar, extension cord, hammer, pliers, wire cutters, nitroglycerine, adhesive tape, a percussion-type dynamite blasting cap crimped to a white blasting fuse, and a primer cord attached to the percussion cap. Following the fatal shooting of Officer Roosevelt, Walker abandoned safecracking and briefly worked at several jobs. He then experimented with making California license plates and drivers' licenses, which could be used in selling several cars that he had stolen. By December 1946, Walker was robbing liquor stores at gunpoint.
Arrest and conviction
Acting on a tip, police located Walker living at a duplex apartment at 1831½ N. Argyle Avenue in Los Angeles. |
423_16 | At 2 a.m., December 20, 1946, three detectives (Officers Wynn, Donahue, and Rombeau) entered Walker's apartment by using a key provided by the owner. Walker, who had been asleep with a .45-caliber pistol at his bedside table, was caught reaching for a Thompson submachine gun on the bed beside him when the three detectives burst into the living room. After a fierce struggle for the submachine gun in which the arresting officers twice shot Walker in the shoulder and broke the butt of a pistol over his head, Walker was finally handcuffed and arrested. According to the detectives, Walker stated: "All right, now, you have me. Do a good job." Detective Donahue asked Walker why he killed the highway patrolman, to which Walker replied that he "had to." When asked, "Did you shoot the two officers in Hollywood?" Walker answered, "Yes." The officers saw that Walker was bleeding badly, and they attempted to make him comfortable by covering him and putting a pillow under his head. Officers |
423_17 | testified that Walker stayed conscious throughout the arrest and transport to the hospital. |
423_18 | Walker's apartment was filled with weapons, ammunition, and license plates; three cars that had been stolen by Walker were found nearby. Walker had apparently been expecting to be stopped by police again, as one of his stolen cars was fitted with a loaded Thompson submachine gun set to automatic fire and fixed in position so as to fire through the driver's door. At the hospital, Walker was found to have scars from bullet wounds, a souvenir of the April gun battle with Forbes' partner, Sergeant Stewart Johnson. Walker stated that he had treated those on his own. Police later obtained additional statements from Walker as he lay wounded on an ambulance stretcher on the way to the Georgia Street Receiving Hospital for emergency treatment. Despite his wounds, Walker told one of the detectives that he had been stopped the previous week by two motorcycle patrolmen on Hollywood Boulevard for a minor traffic violation but had been given only a warning: "Lucky for them they didn't try to make |
423_19 | me get out of the car. I had a submachine gun with me then. You might have had two more dead cops." |
423_20 | Detective Wynn would later testify at Walker's trial that on the morning of December 21, 1946, he talked with the petitioner for about an hour at the hospital, and Walker had made statements indicating that he murdered Officer Roosevelt during an attempt to commit a burglary, that Walker had committed the attempted murders of Detectives Forbes and Johnson in addition to various robberies and burglaries, and that his statements were freely and voluntarily made. At the time, Wynn testified that a stenographic reporter named Bechtel came and the conversation was repeated and transcribed in the hospital room at which a doctor and nurse were also present. The detective further testified that he visited Walker two days later at the hospital, where Walker again made admissions. Officer Forbes, who had been seriously wounded by Walker, testified that on December 28, 1946, he talked with Walker at the hospital, and the petitioner made various admissions to him as well. |
423_21 | Detective Wynn told the court that on December 30, 1946, he again visited Walker as he was being prepared for transfer from the hospital to jail. Wynn stated that Walker "kept asking me for opiates" and asked the detective to request some from the doctor. Wynn said he tried to do so but that Walker's doctor refused. In response to a question about his condition, Walker told Wynn that he was "a little weak" but did not complain about any discomfort. En route to jail, Detective Wynn testified that he told Walker that he would like to film a reenactment of the killing of Highway Patrolman Roosevelt and asked if Walker had any objection to which Walker replied he would like to contact his attorney first, Mr. Gerald Frederick Girard of Hindin, Weiss & Girard in Los Angeles. Walker gave Wynn the attorney's card. Wynn stated that after he tried unsuccessfully to reach Girard, he asked if Walker had any objection to going to Griffith Park and Soledad Canyon to recover articles that Walker had |
423_22 | left there. Walker stated "he didn't see anything wrong in that." Wynn, Walker, and several officers proceeded to Griffith Park and Soledad Canyon, where the articles were duly recovered, and Walker made additional incriminating statements." |
423_23 | After Walker's arrest, his parents claimed a long history of insanity existed in both branches of the family. A great-great-great-grandfather went insane for nine months. A great-great-grand-uncle, great-great-grandfather, and great-grand-aunt also spent time in insane asylums. A great-grandfather committed suicide, as did a grand-aunt. A grandmother was confined at Patton State Psychiatric Hospital, while a grand-aunt had hallucinations. Finally, one of Walker's cousins was mentally retarded, while the cousin's father was a psycho-neurotic. |
423_24 | Walker later pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity. At his trial on June 2, 1947, Walker's attorney Gerald Frederick Girard cited Walker's previous excellent record, his war experiences, and a family history of mental illness (Walker's paternal grandfather had been confined to a state mental hospital for 32 years). Walker's parents, Weston and Irene L. Walker, testified in his defense. Mrs. Walker stated that Erwin was kind and affectionate while he was growing up but returned from the war as a depressed loner. |
423_25 | However, the trial judge found Walker sane, noting that Walker himself testified at great length in the trial and demonstrating a mentality and scientific learning far above the average: "This is a case in which I feel my responsibility very greatly.... The defendant, of course, in his lengthy time on the witness stand here showed a high degree of intelligence. I seldom recall a more intelligent witness, a witness who gave clearer responses to the questions than did Mr. Walker. It is true that he had a war experience that, in the vernacular of the service men, might be termed 'rugged', but without analyzing it or comparing it too much, I would say that perhaps millions of his fellow Americans had experiences that were equally rugged during the war.... A killing in an attempt to perpetrate a burglary is murder of the first degree.... However, I believe that in addition to my finding that the killing of Loren Roosevelt was murder in the first degree as a matter of law, I feel that it |
423_26 | was a deliberate killing, a purposeful killing on the defendant's part." |
423_27 | Walker was sentenced to death in the gas chamber. After a motion for a new trial and appeal to overturn Walker's conviction and death sentence were rejected in December 1948, Walker's father, Weston, committed suicide by hanging.
Walker was sent to death row in San Quentin to await execution of his sentence. At San Quentin, he was diagnosed by a prison psychiatrist as having paranoid schizophrenia. On April 14, 1949, thirty-six hours before his scheduled execution, a corrections officer found Walker unconscious after an apparent suicide attempt in which Walker tried to hang himself with a radio headphone cord wrapped around his neck. He was successfully revived, and the execution was postponed indefinitely while a psychiatric examination was performed.
Mental health treatment |
423_28 | After his attempted suicide, Walker was examined by a psychiatric board, which delivered its report in April 1949. The examining board reported that Walker was agitated by fear of his impending death and was "negativistic, mute, fearful, and unresponsive and possibly reacting to hallucinations" and frequently lapsed into semi-unconsciousness. The psychiatrists determined Walker "does not know the difference between right and wrong," thus making him insane under the legal standard of the day and ineligible for execution. |
423_29 | His execution was postponed indefinitely. At his competency hearing, Walker was declared insane by a jury and committed to the Mendocino State Hospital in Talmage, California, where he would remain the next 12 years. When not receiving electroshock therapy and other treatments, Walker spent most of his time at Mendocino reading mostly chemistry textbooks. He remained aloof from the other patients, stating that "even dying in the gas chamber might have been preferable to having to be with these creatures."
In 1961, Walker was declared sane by a newly convened panel of psychiatric examiners. On March 28, 1961, in response to a clemency hearing appeal by Walker, Governor Pat Brown commuted Walker's death sentence to life imprisonment without possibility of parole. Walker was sent to the CMF State Prison Facility, Vacaville to serve out his sentence, where he continued studying chemistry while he worked in a laboratory on the prison campus. |
423_30 | While Walker was a patient at Mendocino State Hospital until he was a prisoner at the Vacaville Medical Facility, he was a patient at Atascadero State Hospital, a maximum-security mental hospital located near Atascadero, California. He played the tenor saxophone with various musical groups in the hospital and was a talented musician although, as he said, "I have a little difficulty fingering the sax because of nerve damage caused by an old bullet wound." |
423_31 | Walker was reportedly well-liked by both patients and staff, and as a result, he was subsequently granted a "white card," which permitted him access to hiking trails located outside the hospital building but within the boundaries of institutional property. He was concerned about eventually being sent back to death row and so he put together a back pack with food and escaped, walking several miles through nearby hills. A short time later, he was apprehended when he was discovered by two armed duck hunters near the Cuesta Grade area of Highway 101. Walker was returned to the hospital and his white card privileges revoked, but he re-established himself as a model patient and was recruited to be a mentor in a Senior-Junior Big Brother type program on Ward 21, which housed responsible adult men, mostly military veterans, and dysfunctional teenage boys. Walker continued to do well at Atascadero State Hospital until one day, without notice, he was given just a few minutes to get ready to be |
423_32 | transferred back to the state prison system. He took time to make sure that the property he borrowed from other patients was returned and to say goodbye to many of his friends. |
423_33 | Habeas corpus petitions and release on parole
In 1970, Walker filed a habeas corpus petition with the Supreme Court of California, which was denied without a hearing. Walker filed a similar petition in the Solano County Superior Court and sought to have his 1947 trial set aside on several grounds, including an allegation that his 1946 confession had been made involuntarily. The case made its way on appeal once more to the Supreme Court of California, which decided the case in February 1974. |
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