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In any case Donovan's known children were
Uainide ("Greenish") mac Donnubáin, king of Uí Chairpre (died 982)
other children?
Cathal mac Donnubáin, possibly also king of Uí Chairpre or Uí Fidgenti
Amlaíb ua Donnubáin
O'Donovan family
Daughter (or sister) of Donnubáin, assumed to have married Ivar of Waterford
Donndubán mac Ímair (slain 996)
other O'Donovans? – once commonly believed, but so far unproven.
other children
Unfortunately no account at all is preserved of the nature of the connection, beyond intermarriage, between Norse Waterford and the O'Donovan family. The name Ragnall is likely to have entered the latter, where it became popular, from the former, where it seems to have been dynastic.
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In fiction and popular history
Donovan makes a number of appearances in Morgan Llywelyn's New York Times best-selling novel Lion of Ireland (1980). Here is mistakenly called king of "Hy Carbery" (Uí Chairpre), which he is never called in contemporary sources. This mistake is also common in many popular histories. Brian Boru is still immensely popular today and so Donovan has the misfortune of appearing as the O'Brian family's most notorious native adversary in numerous popular accounts over the centuries.
Notes
References
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Primary sources (epic narrative)
Bugge, Alexander (ed. & tr.), Caithreim Cellachain Caisil. Christiania: J. Chr. Gundersens Bogtrykkeri. 1905.
Herbert, Máire and Pádraig Ó Riain (eds. & trs.), Betha Adamnáin: The Irish Life of Adamnán. Irish Texts Society 54. 1988.
Todd, James Henthorn (ed. & tr.), Cogadh Gaedhel re Gallaibh: The War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill. London: Longmans. 1867.
Annals
Mac Airt, Seán (ed. & tr.). The Annals of Inisfallen (MS. Rawlinson B. 503). Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. 1951. edition and translation
Mac Niocaill, Gearóid (ed. & tr.), Chronicon Scotorum. Unpublished manuscript. edition and translation
O'Donovan, John (ed. & tr.), Annala Rioghachta Eireann. Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters, from the Earliest Period to the Year 1616. 7 vols. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. 1848–51. 2nd edition, 1856. CELT versions. Full scans of Volume II (pp. 700–3, 706–7) and Volume VI (Appendix, Pedigree of O'Donovan, p. 2436).
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Stokes, Whitley (ed. & tr.), The Annals of Tigernach. Revue Celtique 16–18. 1895–1897. edition at CELT and full scan w/ translations at Internet Archive.
Genealogical
O'Brien, M. A. (ed.), Corpus Genealogiarum Hiberniai i. Dublin. 1962.
John Collins of Myross, Pedigree of the O'Donovan family from the earliest times. Late 18th century paper manuscript commissioned by Richard II O'Donovan.
Sir Richard Cox, 1st Baronet, Carberiae Notitia. 1686. extracts published in Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, Volume XII, Second Series. 1906. pp. 142–9
Cronnelly, Richard F., Irish Family History, Part II: A History of the Clan Eoghan, or Eoghanachts. Dublin: Goodwin, Son, and Nethercott. 1864. O'Donovan pedigrees, pp. 252–64
Ó Cléirigh, Cú Choigríche, The O'Clery Book of Genealogies. early-mid 17th century.
O'Hart, John. Irish Pedigrees. Dublin: James Duffy and Co. 5th edition, 1892.
Secondary sources
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Begley, John. The Diocese of Limerick, Ancient and Medieval. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1906.
Green, Alice Stopford, History of the Irish State to 1014. London: Macmillan. 1925.
Lee, Timothy, "The Northmen of Limerick", in Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland, Fourth Series, Vol. 9, No. 80 (Jul. – Oct. 1889): 227–231. JSTOR
MacCotter, Paul, Colmán of Cloyne: a study. Dublin. 2004.
MacCotter, Paul, Medieval Ireland: Territorial, Political and Economic Divisions. Dublin: Four Courts Press. 2008.
MacNeill, Eoin, Celtic Ireland. Dublin: The Academy Press. 1981. Reissue with new intro. and notes by Donnchadh Ó Corráin of original Martin Lester Ltd edition, 1921.
Nicholls, K. W., "Some place-names from the Red Book of the Earls of Kildare", in Dinnseanchas 3 (1969), pp. 25–37, 61–3.
Ó Corráin, Donnchadh, "Caithréim Chellacháin Chaisil: History or Propaganda?", in Ériu 25 (1974): 1–69.
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Ó Corráin, Donnchadh, Ireland Before the Normans. Gill and Macmillan. 1972.
O'Mahony, John, "A History of the O'Mahony septs of Kinelmeky and Ivagha", in Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, Volumes 12–16, Second Series. 1906–1910.
Ó Murchadha, Diarmuid, Family Names of County Cork. Cork: The Collins Press. 2nd edition, 1996.
Wyndham-Quin, Caroline, and Edwin Windham-Quin, Memoirs of Adare Manor. Oxford: Messrs. Parker. 1865.
Map, etc.
Ireland 1000 A.D.
The Territory of Thomond. John O'Donovan discusses the extent of the Kingdom of Uí Fidgenti.
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O'Donovan family
History of County Limerick
Gaelic families of Norse descent
10th-century Irish monarchs
980 deaths
Year of birth unknown
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1182_0
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1983.
Specific locations
1983 in British music
1983 in Norwegian music
Specific genres
1983 in country music
1983 in heavy metal music
1983 in hip hop music
1983 in jazz
Trends
CDs become popular among classical music listeners.
Events
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January–April
January 1
ZTT Records is founded.
The Merchant Ivory film Heat and Dust is released. On the soundtrack, composed by Zakir Hussain, Ivory is featured on tanpura with Hussain (who also appeared in the film) on tabla.
January 8 – The UK singles chart is tabulated from this week forward by The Gallup Organization. In 1984 electronic terminals will be used in selected stores to gather sales information, and the old "sales diary" method will be gradually phased out over the next few years.
February 2 – "Menudomania" comes to New York as 3,500 screaming girls crowd Kennedy Airport to catch a glimpse of Puerto Rican boy band Menudo, who are playing six sold-out shows at the Felt Forum.
February 4 – Karen Carpenter died at age 32 from heart failure due to complications from anorexia nervosa.
February 11 – The Rolling Stones concert film Let's Spend the Night Together opens in New York.
February 13 – Marvin Gaye performs "The Star-Spangled Banner" before the NBA All-Star Game.
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February 23 – The 25th Annual Grammy Awards are presented in Los Angeles, hosted by John Denver. Toto win both Album of the Year (for Toto IV) and Record of the Year (for "Rosanna"), while Willie Nelson's cover of "Always on My Mind" wins Song of the Year. Men at Work win Best New Artist.
February 26 – Michael Jackson's Thriller album hits #1 on the US charts, the first of thirty-seven (non-consecutive) weeks it would spend there on its way to becoming the biggest-selling album of all time.
February 28 – U2 release their 3rd album War which debuts at #1 in the UK and produces the band's first international hit single.
March 2 – Compact discs go on sale in the United States. They had first been released in Japan the previous October.
March 4 – Neil Young cancels the remainder of his tour after collapsing backstage in Louisville, Kentucky, after playing for seventy-five minutes.
April 5
A Generative Theory of Tonal Music by Fred Lerdahl and Ray Jackendoff is published.
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US Interior Secretary James G. Watt causes controversy when he effectively bans the Beach Boys from a return performance at the Fourth of July festivities in Washington, announcing that Wayne Newton would perform instead. Watt claims that rock bands attract "the wrong element". That same week President Reagan, himself an avowed Beach Boys fan, presents Watt with a plaster foot with a hole in it.
April 11 – Dave Mustaine is fired from Metallica just as the band is set to begin recording its début album. He is replaced by Kirk Hammett.
April 14 – David Bowie releases Let's Dance, his first album since parting ways with RCA Records and his fifteenth studio album overall. With its deliberate shift to mainstream dance-rock, it would become Bowie's biggest commercial success, at 10.7 million copies sold worldwide. Bowie, however, would experience a critical downturn for the next ten years as a result of his perceived obligation to continue appealing to fans of the album.
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April 18 – Ellen Taaffe Zwilich becomes the first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Music.
April 23 – French singer Corinne Hermès, representing Luxembourg, wins the 28th annual Eurovision Song Contest, held at Rudi-Sedlmayer-Halle in Munich, with the song "Si la vie est cadeau".
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May–August
May 16
Singer Anna Vissi marries composer Nikos Karvelas.
The Motown 25 Special airs on NBC, celebrating a quarter century of Motown Records. Michael Jackson unveils his moonwalk dance move during a performance of "Billie Jean".
May 28–June 4 – The second US Festival is held at Glen Helen Park in California.
June 3 – American rock drummer Jim Gordon commits matricide during a schizophrenic episode.
June 18–19 – Menudo make their second visit to New York. The band plays four shows at Madison Square Garden and all 80,000 tickets sell out within three days of going on sale.
June 20 – Catalunya Ràdio begins broadcasting.
July 1 – Chilean Band Los Prisioneros debut at the Miguel Leon Prado High School Song festival. They personify the rebellion of young Chileans leading to protests which eventually oust Augusto Pinochet.
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July 6 – As a statement of protest against music piracy in the form of home taping, Jean-Michel Jarre releases only one pressing of his latest album "Music for Supermarkets", which is sold at an auction to a French real estate dealer for 69,000 francs (about US$8960). The auction is broadcast live on Radio Luxembourg which also plays the album in full for the first and only time.
July 19 – Simon and Garfunkel begin their North American summer tour in Akron, Ohio.
July 21 – Diana Ross performs a filmed concert in Central Park in heavy rain; eventually the storm forces her to postpone the rest of the concert till next day.
July 25 – Metallica release their debut studio album, Kill 'Em All, since hailed as a groundbreaking release for the burgeoning thrash metal genre.
July 29 – Friday Night Videos is broadcast for the first time on NBC.
August 5 – David Crosby is sentenced by a judge in Dallas, Texas to five years in prison on drug and weapon possession charges.
August 16
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Johnny Ramone suffers a near-fatal head injury during a fight over a girl in front of his East Village apartment.
Singer Paul Simon marries actress Carrie Fisher.
August 20 – The Rolling Stones sign a new $28 million contract with CBS Records, the largest recording contract in history up to this time.
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September–December
September – Bonnie Tyler releases the album Faster Than the Speed of Night in United States
September 1 – Joe Strummer and Paul Simonon of The Clash issue a press statement announcing Mick Jones has been fired from the group.
September 4 – Phil Lynott performs his final show with Thin Lizzy in Nuremberg, Germany.
September 18 – The members of Kiss show their faces without their makeup for the first time on MTV, simultaneous with the release of their album Lick It Up.
September 20 – The first ARMS Charity Concert is held at the Royal Albert Hall in London.
November 12 – Duran Duran start their SING BLUE SILVER World Tour. The tour begins with sold-out shows in Australia
November 26 – Quiet Riot's Metal Health album tops the US album charts, the first heavy metal album to hit #1 in America.
December 2
The Uday-Ustav Festival, a tribute to Uday Shankar, is staged at the instigation of Uday's younger brother, Ravi Shankar.
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Michael Jackson's 14-minute music video for Thriller is premiered on MTV.
Phish plays first show.
December 25 – Marvin Gaye gives his father, as a Christmas present, an unlicensed Smith & Wesson .38 special caliber pistol so that Gaye could protect himself from intruders. A few months later, Gaye Sr would use it to shoot his son dead.
December 31 – The twelfth annual New Year's Rockin' Eve special airs on ABC, with appearances by Culture Club, Rick James, Laura Branigan, Barry Manilow, Mary Jane Girls and David Frizzell.
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Bands formed
See Musical groups established in 1983
Bands disbanded
See Musical groups disestablished in 1983
Bands reformed
The Animals
The Everly Brothers
Albums released
January–March
April–June
July–September
October–December
Release date unknown
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21 Years On – The Dubliners (live)
Ageless Medley EP – Amy Grant
Ain't It Good to Be Free – Bo Diddley
All Alone with Friends – Hank Marvin
All the Best – Stiff Little Fingers
Amore – The Hooters
Angstlos – Nina Hagen
Bad Influence – Robert Cray
Bay of Kings – Steve Hackett
Before Hollywood – The Go-Betweens
Beat Street – Prism
Behind the Scenes – Reba McEntire
The Belle Stars – The Belle Stars (debut)
The Blasting Concept – Various Artists
The Brightest Smile in Town (Dr. John Plays Mac Rebennack, Vol. 2) - Dr. John
Buzz or Howl Under the Influence of Heat – Minutemen
A Call to Us All – Teri Desario
Catch as Catch Can – Kim Wilde
Chazablanca – Chaz Jankel
A Child's Adventure – Marianne Faithfull
Chimera - Bill Nelson
A Christmas Album – Amy Grant
Come Away with ESG – ESG
Crystal Logic – Manilla Road
Dagger and Guitar – Sort Sol
Dancing for Mental Health – Will Powers (actually Lynn Goldsmith)
Dawg Jazz/Dawg Grass - David Grisman
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David Grisman's Acoustic Christmas - David GrismanDesperate – DivinylsDressed for the Occasion – Cliff Richard and The London Philharmonic Orchestra (Live)Doot-Doot – FreurEmergency Third Rail Power Trip – Rain ParadeEscapade – Tim Finn
Everywhere at Once – The Plimsouls
Even the Strong Get Lonely – Tammy Wynette
Fall in a Hole – The Fall
Feeding the Flame – Sad Lovers and Giants
The First Four Years – Black Flag
The Fittest of the Fittest - Burning Spear
The Fugitive – Tony Banks
Forged in Fire – Anvil
Fortune 410 – Donnie Iris
Friends of Hell – Witchfinder General
Golden Shower of Hits – Circle Jerks
Good as Gold - Red Rockers
Good Love & Heartbreak – Tammy Wynette
Heart to Heart – Merle Haggard
Ich halt zu Dir – Die Flippers
Imagination – Helen Reddy
Into Glory Ride – Manowar
Introducing The Style Council – The Style Council
Jonathan Sings! – Jonathan Richman
Killer Dwarfs – Killer Dwarfs (Debut)
Klass – Bad Manners
The Kitchen Tapes – The Raincoats
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Lesson Well Learned EP – Armored Saint
Let's Go - Nitty Gritty Dirt Band
Let's Start a War – The Exploited
Love Is the Law – Toyah
Merry Twistmas – Conway Twitty
Music for the Hard of Thinking – Doug and the Slugs
Naked – Kissing the Pink
Night Dubbing – Imagination
Not of this World – Petra
One Night with a Stranger – Martin Briley
Over the Edge – Wipers
Party Tonight – Modern Romance
Passionfruit – Michael FranksPlatinum Blonde – Platinum Blonde (debut EP)Playback – SSQ
Privilege – Ivor Cutler
Prodigal Sons – The Dubliners
Neruda – Red Rider
The Real Macaw – Graham Parker
Riding with the King – John Hiatt
Secretos – José José
Shine On – George Jones
Shock Troops – Cock Sparrer
Sleep in Safety – 45 Grave
Song and Legend – Sex Gang Children
The Southern Death Cult – Southern Death Cult
Speeding Time – Carole King
The Spell - Syreeta Wright
Stages – Elaine Paige
Star People – Miles Davis
Steeler – Steeler (Yngwie Malmsteen & Ron Keel's 1st band, This band's only release)
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Strive to Survive Causing Least Suffering Possible – Flux of Pink Indians
Struggle for Pleasure – Wim Mertens
Sub Pop 9 – Various Artists
Syncro System – King Sunny Ade and his African Beats
Tales from the Lush Attic – IQ
Thank You for the Music – ABBA – compilation
That's the Way Love Goes – Merle Haggard
Third Generation – Hiroshima
A Todo Rock – Menudo
Tougher Than Leather – Willie Nelson
Travels – The Pat Metheny Group
Trick of the Light – Modern Romance
Urban Dancefloor Guerillas – P-Funk All-Stars
Visions (Gladys Knight & the Pips album) - Gladys Knight & the Pips
A Walk Across the Rooftops – Blue Nile
Water Sign – Chris Rea
We Are One – Maze featuring Frankie Beverly
We've Got Tonight – Kenny Rogers
Weeds & Water – Riders in the Sky
When the Going Gets Tough, the Tough Get Going – Bow Wow Wow
Words and Music – Tavares
XXV – The Shadows
Yes Sir, I Will – Crass
Yokan (Hunch) – Miyuki Nakajima
You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet – Bachman–Turner Overdrive – compilation
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Zeichnungen des Patienten O. T. (Drawings of Patient O. T.) – Einstürzende Neubauten
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Biggest hit singles
The following songs achieved the highest chart positions
in the charts of 1983.
Significant songs
Published popular music
"I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues" w. Bernie Taupin m. Elton John
"An Innocent Man" w.m. Billy Joel
"Karma Chameleon" w.m. George O'Dowd, Jon Moss, Roy Hay, Mikey Craig & Phil Rickett
"Uptown Girl" w.m. Billy Joel
"Total Eclipse of the Heart" – w.m. Jim Steinman
Classical music
Premieres
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Compositions
Vyacheslav Artyomov – Tristia for solo piano, organ, trumpet, vibraphone and strings
Jean-Baptiste Barrière – Chreode I
John Cage – Thirty Pieces for String Quartet
Friedrich Cerha – Requiem für Hollensteiner
George Crumb – Processional for piano
Jean Daetwyler – Concerto for Alphorn, Flute, Saxophone and Strings No. 2
Mario Davidovsky – Romancero, for soprano, flute (piccolo, alto flute), clarinet (bass clarinet), violin and violoncello
Lorenzo Ferrero
Ellipse for flute
Onde for guitar
Karel Goeyvaerts – Aquarius I (Voorspel)—L’ère du Verseau, for orchestra
Jacques Hétu – Clarinet Concerto
Simeon ten Holt – Lemniscaat, for keyboard (1982–1983)
Wojciech Kilar – fanfare Victoria for mixed choir and orchestra
Witold Lutosławski – Symphony No. 3 (1972–83)
Krzysztof Penderecki – Viola Concerto
John Pickard – Nocturne in Black and Gold
Peter Sculthorpe – Piano concerto
Karlheinz Stockhausen – Luzifers Tanz, for wind orchestra
Iannis Xenakis – Shaar
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Morton Feldman – Crippled Symmetry
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Opera
Robert Ashley – Perfect Lives (An opera for television)
Leonard Bernstein – A Quiet Place
Oliver Knussen – Where the Wild Things Are (children's)
Olivier Messiaen – Saint François d'Assise
Per Nørgård – Det guddommelige Tivoli (The Divine Circus)
Jazz
Musical theater
La Cage aux Folles – Broadway production opened at the Palace Theatre and ran for 1781 performances
Doonesbury – Broadway production opened at the Biltmore Theatre and ran for 104 performances
Mame (Jerry Herman) – Broadway revival
Merlin – Broadway production opened at the Mark Hellinger Theatre and ran for 199 performances
Oliver! (Lionel Bart) – London revival
On Your Toes – Broadway revival
My One and Only – Broadway production opened at the St. James Theatre and ran for 767 performances
Singin' in the Rain – London production
The Tap Dance Kid – Broadway production opened at the Broadhurst Theatre and ran for 699 performances
Zorba – Broadway revival
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Musical films
Carmen
Eddie and the Cruisers
Flashdance
Le Bal
Mangammagari Manavadu
Narcissus
Neti Bharatam
The Pirates of Penzance
Rock & Rule
Staying Alive
Yentl
Musical television
Salad Days
Births
January–April births
January births
January 13 – William Hung, American musician
January 18 – Samantha Mumba, Irish singer and actress
January 19 – Hikaru Utada, Japanese singer and songwriter
January 20 – Mari Yaguchi, Japanese singer (Morning Musume) and host
January 21 – Rapsody, American rapper
January 24 – Frankie Grande, American actor, singer, and dancer
January 25 – Andrée Watters, Canadian singer
January 30 – Ella Hooper, Australian rock singer-songwriter, musician, radio presenter and TV personality (Killing Heidi + The Verses)
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February births
February 1 – Andrew VanWyngarden, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (MGMT)
February 5 – Baby K, Singaporean-Italian singer-songwriter
February 8 – Jim Verraros, American singer
February 10 – Bless, Canadian rapper
February 13 – Joel Little, New Zealand record producer, musician and Grammy Award-winning songwriter (Lorde, Taylor Swift)
February 17 – Kevin Rudolf, American record producer and musician
February 19 – Mika Nakashima, Japanese singer and actress
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March births
March 3 – Katie White, British singer (The Ting Tings)
March 8 – Piano Squall, American pianist
March 9 – Mayte Perroni, Mexican singer and actress
March 10 – Carrie Underwood, American singer/songwriter
March 11 – Thiaguinho, Brazilian singer-songwriter
March 14 – Taylor Hanson American band member (Hanson)
March 15 – Florencia Bertotti, Argentine actress and singer
March 19 – Ana Rezende (Cansei de Ser Sexy), Brazilian
March 29
Luiza Sá (Cansei de Ser Sexy), Brazilian
Jamie Woon, British singer, songwriter and record producer,
March 30 – Hebe Tian, member of the Taiwanese girl-group S.H.E
March 31 – 40 (record producer), Canadian record producer, collaborator with Drake
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April births
April 4 – Tei, Korean ballad singer
April 15 – Margo Price, American singer-songwriter
April 16 – Marié Digby, American singer, songwriter, guitarist, and pianist
April 18 – Reeve Carney, American singer-songwriter and actor
April 20 – Sebastian Ingrosso, Swedish DJ, actor and record producer.
May–August births
May births
May – October (singer), British musician, producer, singer-songwriter, experimentalist and recording artist
May 8
Bondan Prakoso, Indonesian singer
Matt Willis, British musician (Busted) and presenter
May 10 – Moshe Peretz, Israeli musician
May 11 – Holly Valance, Australian actress, singer and model.
May 14 – Anahí, Mexican singer and actress
May 15 – Devin Bronson, American guitarist, songwriter and producer
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June births
June 2 – Brooke White, American singer
June 3 – Kelela, American singer and songwriter.
June 8 – Lee Harding, Australian singer
June 15 – Laura Imbruglia, Australian indie rock singer-songwriter.
June 16 – Jen Majura, German guitarist, bassist and singer.
June 17
Connie Fisher, British actress and singer
Lee Ryan, British singer
June 27 – Evan Taubenfeld, American guitarist, singer, and songwriter (Avril Lavigne)
June 30
Patrick Wolf, English singer-songwriter
Cheryl, former member of Girls Aloud, British singer-songwriter and television personality
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July births
July 1
Leeteuk, South Korean singer-songwriter and actor.
Marit Larsen, Norwegian musician (M2M)
July 2 – Michelle Branch, American singer-songwriter and musician (The Wreckers)
July 3
Steph Jones, American singer-songwriter
Matt Papa, American singer-songwriter
July 4
Ben Jorgensen, American singer, guitarist, member of Armor For Sleep
Andrew Mrotek, American drummer (The Academy Is...)
July 7 – Ciara Newell, Irish singer (Bellefire)
July 9 – Lucia Micarelli, violinist and actress
July 10 – Heechul, South Korean singer, songwriter
July 11
Megan Marie Hart, opera singer
Marie Serneholt (A*Teens)
July 18 – Aaron Gillespie, drummer (Underoath)
July 21 – Eivør Pálsdóttir, Faroese singer and composer
July 23 – Bec Hewitt, Australian singer, dancer, and actor
July 24 – Morgan Sorne, American singer-songwriter and multi-media artist
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August births
August 7 – Christian Chávez, Mexican singer and actor
August 8 – Vanessa Amorosi, Australian singer/songwriter
August 9 – Ashley Johnson, American actress, voice actress and singer.
August 14 – Sunidhi Chauhan, playback singer
August 18
Danny!, American record producer/recording artist
Mika, British singer
Emma McKenna, Canadian singer-songwriter
August 19
Tammin Sursok, South African-born Australian actress and singer.
Missy Higgins, Australian singer-songwriter, musician and actress.
August 21 - Brody Jenner, American dj
August 25 – James Righton, English musician, multi instrumentalist
August 28 – Alfonso Herrera, Mexican singer and actor
August 30 – Jun Matsumoto, Japanese singer and actor
September–December births
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September births
September 12 – Frank Dukes, Canadian record producer and dj
September 14 – Amy Winehouse, English soul, jazz, blues and rnb singer-songwriter (died 2011)
September 17 – Jennifer Peña, American singer and actress
September 25 – Donald Glover, American actor, comedian, writer, director, rapper, and DJ
September 30 – T-Pain, American rapper & singer-songwriter
October births
October 7 – Flying Lotus, American rapper and producer, founded Brainfeeder
October 10
Alyson Hau, Hong Kong radio DJ
Jack Savoretti, English acoustic artist (Kylie Minogue)
Lzzy Hale, American singer, songwriter, and musician. (Halestorm)
October 20 – Alona Tal, Israeli singer and actress.
October 22 – Plan B, English hip hop rapper
October 24 – Adrienne Bailon, American singer and actress
October 26 – Houston, American R&B singer
October 29
Amit Sebastian Paul, Swedish singer (A-Teens)
Richard Brancatisano, Australian actor/musician
October 30 – Diana Karazon, Jordanian singer
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November births
November 7 – Forrest Kline, American singer and songwriter (Hellogoodbye)
November 10 – Miranda Lambert, American country musician
November 14
Lil Boosie, American rapper
Chelsea Wolfe, American singer-songwriter
November 16
Fallon Bowman, South African–born guitarist (Kittie)
K, South Korean singer
November 27 – Nyla, Jamaican singer and songwriter (Brick & Lace)
November 28
Rostam Batmanglij, American musician (Vampire Weekend)
Tyler Glenn, American alternative singer (Neon Trees)
December births
December 3 – Sherri DuPree, American singer-songwriter
December 12 – Katrina Elam, American country singer-songwriter
December 15 – Brooke Fraser, New Zealand singer-songwriter, musician
December 17 – Kosuke Saito, Japanese DJ
December 29 – Jessica Andrews, American country music singer
December 31 – Sayaka Ichii, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)
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Birth date unknown
unknown
Dan Sultan, Australian alternative rock singer-songwriter-guitarist
Joseph Tawadros, Egyptian-born Australian oud virtuoso
Deaths
January–April deaths
January deaths
January 5 – Amy Evans, operatic soprano and actress, 98
January 7 – Edith Coates, operatic mezzo-soprano, 74
January 28 – Billy Fury, singer, 42 (heart attack)
January 31 – Lorraine Ellison, soul singer, 51
February deaths
February 4 – Karen Carpenter, singer and drummer, 32 (cardiac arrest due to anorexia nervosa)
February 8
Charles Kullman, operatic tenor, 80
Alfred Wallenstein, cellist, 84
February 12 – Eubie Blake, pianist, 96
February 18 – Leopold Godowsky, Jr., violinist and chemist, 82
February 22 – Sir Adrian Boult, conductor, 93
February 23 – Herbert Howells, organist and composer, 90
February 28 – Winifred Atwell, Trinidadian pianist, 69
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March deaths
March 6 – Cathy Berberian, singer and composer, 57
March 7
Igor Markevitch, Ukrainian composer and conductor, 70
William Walton, British composer, 80
April deaths
April 4 – Danny Rapp (Danny and the Juniors), 41 (suicide by gunshot)
April 5 – Cliff Carlisle, country and blues singer, 79
April 13 – Dolo Coker, jazz pianist and composer, 55
April 14 – Pete Farndon (The Pretenders), English bassist, 30 (drug overdose)
April 17 – Felix Pappalardi, American producer and bassist, 43 (gunshot)
April 23 – Earl Hines, American jazz pianist, 79
April 30
Muddy Waters, blues singer and guitarist, 70 (heart attack)
George Balanchine, Russian-American choreographer, 79
May–August deaths
May deaths
May 23
George Bruns, film composer, 68
Finn Mortensen, composer and music critic, 61
May 25 – Paul Quinichette, saxophonist, 67
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June deaths
June 2 – Stan Rogers, folk musician, 33
June 25 – Alberto Ginastera, Argentine composer, 67
July 4 – Claus Adam, cellist, 66
July 5 – Harry James, bandleader, 67
July deaths
July 12 – Chris Wood, rock musician, 39
July 23 – Georges Auric, French composer, member of Les Six, 84
July 27 – Jerome Moross, composer, conductor and orchestrator, 69
July 30 – Howard Dietz, lyricist, 86
August deaths
August 2 – James Jamerson, bassist, 47
August 3 – Helge Bonnén, pianist and composer, 87
August 6 – Klaus Nomi, singer, 39 (complications from AIDS)
August 13 – Zdeněk Liška, Czech film composer, 61
August 14 – Omer Létourneau, pianist, organist, composer and conductor, 92
August 17 – Ira Gershwin, American lyricist, 86
August 24 – Arkady Filippenko, composer, 71
September–December deaths
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September deaths
September 5 – John Gilpin, dancer, 53 (heart attack)
September 24 – Isobel Baillie, operatic soprano, 88
September 25 – Paul Jacobs, American pianist, 53 (complications from AIDS)
October deaths
October 16
Øivin Fjeldstad, violinist and conductor, 80
George Liberace, violinist and arranger, 72
November deaths
November 3 – Alfredo Antonini, conductor, 82
November 7 – Germaine Tailleferre, composer, only female member of Les Six, 88
November 15 – John Grimaldi, English keyboard player and songwriter (Argent), 28
November 19 – Tommy Evans, bassist of the rock group Badfinger, 36 (suicide)
December deaths
December 6 – Lucienne Boyer, French singer, 80
December 11 – Simon Laks, Polish composer and violinist, 82
December 28 – Dennis Wilson, American singer, songwriter and drummer, 39 (drowned)
Death date unknown
date unknown
Antonio Mairena, Andalusian flamenco singer, 73 or 74
Pat Smythe, Scottish-born jazz pianist, 59 or 60
Awards
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Grammy Awards
Grammy Awards of 1983
Country Music Association Awards
Eurovision Song Contest
Eurovision Song Contest 1983
Charts
List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1983
1983 in music (UK)
:Category:Record labels established in 1983
See also
Ronald Reagan in music
References
20th century in music
Music by year
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Cobra Kai is an American martial arts comedy-drama television series and a sequel to the original The Karate Kid films by Robert Mark Kamen. The series was created by Josh Heald, Jon Hurwitz, and Hayden Schlossberg, and is distributed by Sony Pictures Television. It stars Ralph Macchio and William Zabka, who reprise their roles as Daniel LaRusso and Johnny Lawrence from the 1984 film The Karate Kid and its sequels, The Karate Kid Part II (1986) and The Karate Kid Part III (1989). Set 34 years later, Cobra Kai continues the original Karate Kid saga, last seen in The Next Karate Kid (1994). In particular, it re-examines the "Miyagi-Verse" narrative from Johnny's point of view, his decision to reopen the Cobra Kai karate dojo, and the rekindling of his old rivalry with Daniel. Cobra Kai also stars Courtney Henggeler, Xolo Maridueña, Tanner Buchanan, Mary Mouser, Jacob Bertrand, Gianni DeCenzo, Peyton List, and Vanessa Rubio, with Martin Kove and Thomas Ian Griffith also reprising their
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roles from the films.
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The series has high viewership on both YouTube and Netflix, and has received critical acclaim. The third season was nominated for "Outstanding Comedy Series" at the 73rd Primetime Emmy Awards. The first season launched on YouTube Red in 2018, with a second season following in 2019. After production of season three was completed, YouTube decided to stop producing scripted original programming, leaving the show without a home. Netflix acquired the series in June 2020, and released the third season on January 1, 2021. Netflix renewed the series for a fourth season, which released on December 31, 2021. In August 2021, ahead of the fourth season premiere, the series was renewed for a fifth season.
Plot
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Thirty-four years after being defeated by Daniel LaRusso in the 1984 All-Valley Karate Tournament, Johnny Lawrence, now in his 50s, works as a part-time handyman and lives in an apartment in Reseda, Los Angeles, having fallen far from the wealthy lifestyle in Encino that he had been accustomed to growing up due to suffering from depression and alcoholism after being traumatized by Kreese's assault against him (from The Karate Kid Part II). He has a son named Robby from a previous relationship whom he abandoned following his birth. After losing his job due to an argument with one of his clients, a down-and-out Johnny uses karate to defend his new teenage neighbor Miguel Diaz from a group of bullies. Initially reluctant, Johnny agrees to train Miguel in karate and decides to reopen the Cobra Kai karate dojo as a chance to recapture his past; however, this act reawakens his rivalry with Daniel, who was a 2-time All Valley champion (in 1984 and 1985) and is now the owner of a highly
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successful car dealership chain, is married to co-owner Amanda, and has two children: Samantha and Anthony. Daniel is finally living the wealthy lifestyle he envied as a kid when he lived in Reseda. However, after his friend and mentor Mr. Miyagi died, Daniel's struggle to meaningfully connect with his children has disrupted the balance in his life. Meanwhile, his mother Lucille, his other source of support, has a complicated relationship with Amanda.
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Johnny's dojo attracts a group of bullied social outcasts who find camaraderie and self-confidence under his tutelage, a marked contrast to the kind of students Johnny and his friends were when training in the original Cobra Kai run by John Kreese. Johnny develops a bond with Miguel in a manner that resembles the relationship between Daniel and Mr. Miyagi. Cobra Kai's philosophy, however, remains mostly unchanged, though Johnny tries to infuse it with more honor than Kreese did. Thus, Miguel develops into a very different kind of student than Daniel, or even Johnny, was; he also begins dating Samantha.
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As a means of revenge against his estranged father, Robby convinces Amanda to hire him for a position at the LaRusso Auto dealership and develops a close friendship with Daniel, who is initially unaware of Robby's parentage. He even studies Mr. Miyagi's form of Karate with Daniel and befriends and eventually starts dating Samantha after her breakup with Miguel. She eventually joins her father's dojo, along with some Cobra Kai defectors. Miguel later begins dating a new Cobra Kai student, Tory Nichols, who becomes Sam's arch-rival. Johnny's efforts to reform Cobra Kai are threatened by the unexpected reappearance of Kreese, who aspires to bring the dojo back to its originally ruthless form while instigating further conflict between the rival dojos.
The story's development revolves around these primary relationships, which lead to conflicts that are ultimately the product of Daniel and Johnny's inability to move away from the past.
Cast and characters
Overview
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Archival footage
The following characters only appear via archival footage from the film series:
Pat Morita as Mr. Miyagi
Chad McQueen as Dutch
Israel Juarbe as Freddy Fernandez
Danny Kamekona as Sato Toguchi
Nobu McCarthy as Yukie
Sean Kanan as Mike Barnes
Robyn Lively as Jessica Andrews
Episodes
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Production
The thematic genesis for Cobra Kai began with two works of pop culture. First, the 2007 music video for the song "Sweep the Leg" by No More Kings stars William Zabka (who also directed the video) as a caricature of himself as Johnny, and features references to The Karate Kid, including cameo appearances by Zabka's former Karate Kid co-stars. In a 2010 interview, Zabka jokingly discussed this video in the context of his vision that Johnny was the true hero of the film. Then, in 2013, Macchio and Zabka made guest appearances as themselves in the television sitcom How I Met Your Mother ("The Bro Mitzvah"). In the episode, Macchio is invited to Barney Stinson's bachelor party, leading to Barney shouting that he hates Macchio and that Johnny was the real hero of The Karate Kid. Towards the end of the episode, a clown in the party wipes off his makeup and reveals himself as Zabka.
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Development
Cobra Kai was greenlit on August 4, 2017, with ten half-hour episodes, written and executive produced by Josh Heald, Jon Hurwitz, and Hayden Schlossberg. Although the series received offers from Netflix, Amazon, Hulu, and AMC, it ultimately ended up on the subscription service YouTube Red. The trio was joined by executive producers James Lassiter and Caleeb Pinkett of Overbrook Entertainment in association with Sony Pictures Television. YouTube Premium released the first season on May 2, 2018, and the second season on April 24, 2019. The creators of the series explored moving to another platform ahead of the season two premiere, but the deal did not go through.
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The third season was produced for YouTube and was initially set for a 2020 release. However, on May 28, 2020, Deadline Hollywood announced that the series would be leaving YouTube and moving to another streaming platform, ahead of its third-season premiere. As YouTube was not interested in renewing the series for a fourth season, the producers wanted to find a streaming venue that would leave that option open.
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On June 22, 2020, it was announced that the show would be moving to Netflix, taking the third season with them. Netflix released the first two seasons from YouTube on August 28, 2020, and the new third season on January 1, 2021. On October 2, 2020, Netflix announced an early renewal for a fourth season, prior to season 3 being released. As part of a video and letter to its shareholders in April 2021, Netflix's co-chief executive officer and chief content officer, Ted Sarandos confirmed that the fourth season of Cobra Kai would appear sometime in Q4 2021. On August 27, 2021, ahead of the fourth season premiere, Netflix renewed the series for a fifth season.
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Miyagi-Verse
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Characters from the original four films The Karate Kid (1984), The Karate Kid Part II (1986), The Karate Kid Part III (1989), The Next Karate Kid (1994) comprise the Miyagi-verse that shapes Cobra Kai. Thus, after the launch of Season 1, Elisabeth Shue (Ali Mills) from The Karate Kid, Tamlyn Tomita (Kumiko) and Yuji Okumoto (Chozen Toguchi) from The Karate Kid II, and Robyn Lively (Jessica Andrews) and Thomas Ian Griffith (Terry Silver) from The Karate Kid III, all discussed whether or not they would like to appear in the series. Sean Kanan (Mike Barnes) (also from Karate Kid III) stated in a 2021 interview (when asked if Barnes will appear in the series) that "you probably haven't seen the last of him." Finally, although Hilary Swank (who as Julie Pierce replaced Daniel as Mr. Miyagi's student in The Next Karate Kid), has neither confirmed nor denied her interest, she did acknowledge that it would be a chance to have a "showdown" with Ralph Macchio. In December 2020, the series'
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co-creators stated that: "In our writers' room we speak about literally every character that has appeared in the Miyagi-verse, so it's obvious that we've spoken about Julie Pierce. As to whether or not she'll return to the series, that's something you'll just have to wait to find out."
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In 2020, Jon Hurwitz clarified that the "Karate Kid cartoon is not canon. But there is an Easter egg from it in Season 3," in response to the question as to whether "the Karate Kid animated series [is] official within the Karate Kid universe?" The Easter egg was "the Miyagi-Do shrine, briefly seen at Chozen Toguchi's dojo in Okinawa halfway through the season. The artifacts were recovered by Daniel LaRusso and Mister Miyagi in the short-lived Karate Kid animated series, which ran for thirteen episodes in 1989."
In a 2021 interview with Slashfilm, the writers noted that they will not be using characters from the 2010 film The Karate Kid, as they are not a part of the "Miyagi-verse": "We've ruled that out completely. Jackie Chan is mentioned in season 1 of the show as an actor, so I think in our world, Jackie Chan is an actor and a performer. If the characters on our show have seen a movie called The Karate Kid, they've seen that one."
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Casting
In Season 1, Ralph Macchio and William Zabka revived their Karate Kid characters, Daniel LaRusso and Johnny Lawrence. Additional Karate Kid actors included Randee Heller, who reprised her role as Lucille LaRusso (Daniel's mother), and Martin Kove, who revived his role as John Kreese. The cast list for Season One was announced on October 24, 2017, and included Xolo Maridueña, Mary Mouser, Tanner Buchanan, and Courtney Henggeler. Ed Asner was cast in a guest role as Johnny's verbally abusive step-father, Sid Weinberg. On December 19, 2017, Vanessa Rubio joined the cast as Miguel's mother.
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In Season 2, Ralph Macchio, William Zabka, Xolo Mariduena, Tanner Buchanan, Mary Mouser, and Courtney Henggeler all returned, with Jacob Bertrand, Gianni DeCenzo, and Martin Kove being promoted to series regulars and newcomers Paul Walter Hauser and Peyton List joining the cast. Actors from The Karate Kid, Rob Garrison (Tommy), Ron Thomas (Bobby), Tony O'Dell (Jimmy), and Randee Heller (Lucille LaRusso) made guest appearances during this season.
In Season 3, Ralph Macchio, William Zabka, Xolo Mariduena, Tanner Buchanan, Mary Mouser, and Courtney Henggeler all returned. Actors from The Karate Kid and The Karate Kid II, Elisabeth Shue (Ali Mills), Ron Thomas (Bobby), Tamlyn Tomita (Kumiko), Traci Toguchi (Yuna), and Yuji Okumoto (Chozen Toguchi) all made guest appearances during this season.
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In Season 4, Vanessa Rubio and Peyton List were promoted to series regulars, while Dallas Dupree Young and Oona O'Brien were cast in recurring roles. In addition, Thomas Ian Griffith reprised his role as Terry Silver from The Karate Kid III, and actors from The Karate Kid and The Karate Kid II, Yuji Okumoto (Chozen Toguchi) and Randee Heller (Lucille LaRusso), made guest appearances.
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Filming
Principal photography for the first season began in October 2017 in Atlanta, Georgia. Filming took place at various locations throughout that month at places including Union City, Marietta, and the Briarcliff Campus of Emory University. In November 2017, shooting moved to locales such as the North Atlanta Soccer Association Tophat fields in East Cobb. In December 2017, the production was working out of Marietta and Conyers. Various exterior shots were also filmed in parts of Los Angeles such as Tarzana and Encino. Exterior locations included Golf N' Stuff in Norwalk and the South Seas Apartments in Reseda, both of which were originally featured in The Karate Kid.
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Principal photography for the second season began in September 2018 in Atlanta, Georgia. In October 2018, production continued around Atlanta with shooting also occurring in Marietta. In November 2018, the series was filming in Union City. In December 2018, shooting transpired at the closed Rio Bravo Cantina restaurant in Atlanta.
Principal photography for the fourth season began in February 2021 and ended in April 2021 in Atlanta, Georgia.
Filming for the fifth season began in September 2021, and finished in December 2021.
Release
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Marketing
In January 2018, the series was promoted at the annual Television Critics Association's winter press tour where YouTube's global head of original content Susanne Daniels described the show saying, "It is a half an hour format but I would call it a dramedy. I think it leans into the tone of the movies in that there are dramatic moments throughout. I think it's very faithful really in some ways to what the movie set about doing, the lessons imparted in the movie if you will. It's next generation Karate Kid."
The first trailer was released on February 15, 2018, the second on March 1, 2018, and the third a week later. The final official trailer was released on March 21, 2018, and included the announcement that the show would premiere on May 2, 2018.
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On April 17, 2019, YouTube Premium released a six-minute commercial parodying ESPN's 30 for 30, featuring the main cast members and select ESPN personalities analyzing the 1984 match between Daniel and Johnny. It was nominated for a Clio Award.
Premiere
The series held its world premiere on April 24, 2018, at the SVA Theatre in New York City, New York, during the annual Tribeca Film Festival. Following the screening, a discussion was held with writers, directors, and executive producers Hayden Schlossberg, Jon Hurwitz, and Josh Heald, in addition to series stars and co-executive producers William Zabka and Ralph Macchio.
On April 25, 2018, YouTube partnered with Fathom Events for special screenings of the first two episodes of the series at around 700 movie theaters across the United States. The event also included a screening of the original film.
Reception
Critical response
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At the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the entire series (Seasons 1–4) received a 93% approval rating.
The first season had a positive response from critics. At the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, it holds a 100% approval rating, with an average score of 7.50 out of 10 based on 49 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads: "Cobra Kai continues the Karate Kid franchise with a blend of pleasantly corny nostalgia and teen angst, elevated by a cast of well-written characters." Cobra Kai was 2018's best-reviewed TV drama on Rotten Tomatoes. Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the season a score of 72 out of 100 based on 11 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
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The second season had a positive response from critics. At the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, it holds an 90% approval rating with an average score of 7.40 out of 10, based on 31 reviews. Its critical consensus reads: "While Cobra Kai's subversive kick no longer carries the same gleeful impact of its inaugural season, its second round is still among the best around – no amount of mid-life crisis and teenage ennui's ever gonna keep it down." Metacritic's weighted average assigned the second season a score of 66 out of 100, based on 7 critics, indicating generally favorable reviews.
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The third season of the series had a positive response from critics. At the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, it holds an 90% approval rating, with an average score of 8.00 out of 10 based on 51 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads: "By pairing its emotional punches with stronger humor, Cobra Kai's third season finds itself in fine fighting form." On Metacritic with his weighted average, assigned a score of 72 out of 100, based on 15 critics, indicating generally favorable reviews.
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The fourth season had a positive response from critics. As of January 27, 2022 it holds a 95% approval rating, with an average score of 7.90 out of 10 based on 37 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads: "Cobra Kai still delights in a fourth season that mines great fun from shifting alliances, chiefly the uneasy truce between Johnny Lawrence and Daniel LaRusso." Metacritic's weighted average assigned the fourth season a score of 70 out of 100, based on 5 critics, indicating generally favorable reviews.
Viewership
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YouTube
The first episode, which was posted on YouTube for free along with episode two, had been viewed 5.4 million times within the first 24 hours. While it was noted that the response had been, in part, a result of YouTube releasing the episode for free, it was noted by Cinema Blends Britt Lawrence that, "YouTube Red's new series debuted to numbers that should make rival streaming services take notice." By October 30, 2018, ahead of the second-season premiere, YouTube was promoting the report that the first episode had then been viewed over 50 million times. The first episode was No. 8 on YouTube's list of ten top-trending videos of 2018.
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According to market research company Parrot Analytics, the first season of Cobra Kai was the world's most in-demand streaming television show during May 2018. Parrot Analytics later reported that the second season of Cobra Kai was the world's most in-demand digital television show during April 2019 through May 2019. , the season 1 premiere has over 90million views, and the season 2 premiere has over 86million views.
Netflix
After the series moved to Netflix in August 2020, Season 1 and Season 2 of Cobra Kai became the most-watched series on the platform. It was the most-watched show on streaming media in the United States between August 29 and September 6, according to Nielsen ratings. During the week, the show's 20 episodes drew nearly streaming minutes in the United States. The first season was watched on Netflix by member households in its first four weeks, making Cobra Kai the most-streamed show on Netflix during the month of September 2020.
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In February 2021, after the release of Season 3, Forbes announced that it "kicked off 2021 as one of most viewed original series on a streaming platform". During the period of December 28, 2020January 3, 2021, it came in "second only to Netflix's Bridgerton", with over 2.6 billion viewing minutes. Cobra Kai then moved to first place during the period of January 4–10, 2021.
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Cultural commentary
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Critics offered cultural commentary in response to the third season of Cobra Kai (January 2021). Jen Yamato of Los Angeles Times stated that by the end of season three, "there are now three white men at the center of Cobra Kai, a franchise rooted in and deeply indebted to Eastern tradition." Gustavo Arellano of Los Angeles Times suggested that Cobra Kai offers a "way forward for all of us during these tumultuous times", as he "saw this uplifting season [3] finale the weekend before the Jan. 6 U.S. Capitol invasion. The Hollywood Reporter, former NBA champion and student of martial arts Kareem Abdul-Jabbar suggested that his friend and teacher, the late Bruce Lee, was linked to the influence of the original Karate Kid films. Finally, Albert Wu and Michelle Kuo of the Los Angeles Review of Books argued that while the original Karate Kid "film functioned as a post-Vietnam critique of American empire, staking its position explicitly: pacifism over violence, peace over war, an admittedly
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romanticized version of Eastern wisdom over the macho bravado of jock culture," Cobra Kai "models" the "unending appeal" of the "American Empire."
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Awards and nominations
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|-
| rowspan="5" align="center"| 2018
| rowspan="2" align="center"| Teen Choice Awards
| Choice Summer TV Show
| Cobra Kai
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| rowspan="2" align="center"|
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| Choice Summer TV Star
| Xolo Maridueña
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|-
| align="center"| Imagen Awards
| Best Young Actor – Television
| Xolo Maridueña
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| align="center"|
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| align="center"| Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards
| Outstanding Stunt Coordination for a Comedy Series or Variety Program
| Hiro Koda
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| align="center"|
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| align="center"| Rotten Tomatoes
| Golden Tomato (Best TV Drama)
| Cobra Kai
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| align="center"|
|-
| rowspan="4" align="center"| 2019
| align="center"| Shorty Awards
| Best Web Series
| Cobra Kai
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| align="center"|
|-
| align="center"| Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards
| Outstanding Stunt Coordination for a Comedy Series or Variety Program
| Hiro Koda
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| align="center"|
|-
| align="center"| Teen Choice Awards
| Choice Summer TV Show
| Cobra Kai
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| align="center"|
|-
| align="center"| Clio Awards
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| Television/Streaming: Social Media-30 for 30
| Cobra Kai
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| align="center"|
|-
| rowspan="13" align="center"| 2021
| align="center"| Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
| Favorite Family TV Show
| Cobra Kai
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| align="center"|
|-
| rowspan="3" align="center"| MTV Movie & TV Awards
| Best Show
| Cobra Kai
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| rowspan="3" align="center"|
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| Best Fight
| "Finale House Fight"
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| Best Musical Moment
| "I Wanna Rock"
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| align="center"| Screen Actors Guild Awards
| Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a Comedy or Drama Series
| Cobra Kai
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| align="center"|
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| align="center"| Hollywood Critics Association TV Awards
| Best Streaming Series, Comedy
| Cobra Kai
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| align="center"|
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| align="center"| Primetime Emmy Awards
| Outstanding Comedy Series
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| Hayden Schlossberg, Jon Hurwitz, Josh Heald, Caleeb Pinkett, Susan Ekins, James Lassiter, Will Smith, Ralph Macchio, William Zabka, Luan Thomas, Joe Piarulli, Michael Jonathan Smith, Stacey Harman, Bob Dearden and Bob Wilson
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| rowspan="4" align="center"|
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| rowspan="3" align="center"| Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards
| Outstanding Sound Editing for a Comedy or Drama Series (Half-Hour) and Animation
| Patrick Hogan, Jesse Pomeroy, Daniel Salas, Ryne Gierke, AJ Shapiro, Andres Locsey, Shane Bruce and Mitchell Kohen
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| Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy or Drama Series (Half-Hour) and Animation
| Joe DeAngelis, Chris Carpenter, Mike Filosa and Phil McGowan
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| Outstanding Stunt Performance
| Jahnel Curfman, Julia Maggio, John Cihangir and Marc Canonizado
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|-
| rowspan="3" align="center"| People's Choice Awards
| The Show of 2021
| rowspan="3" | Cobra Kai
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| rowspan="3" align="center"|
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| The Drama Show of 2021
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| The Bingeworthy Show of 2021
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| rowspan="5" align="center"| 2022
| align="center"| Screen Actors Guild Awards
| Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a Comedy or Drama Series
| Cobra Kai
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| align="center"|
|}
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Home media
During the show's time on YouTube Red, it was announced that Cobra Kai would not be released on DVD. However, once the show made its move to Netflix, Sony Pictures released the first and second seasons in a "Collector's Edition" DVD set on November 24, 2020 in the United States. On January 11, 2022, Sony Pictures will release the third season on DVD in the United States.
The series has also been released on Blu-ray in the United Kingdom.
Soundtracks
Season 1
Madison Gate Records released the official soundtrack on May 4, 2018. La-La Land Records released the physical version of the soundtrack with additional tracks in June 2018. The soundtrack CD was released in Australia on January 8, 2018.
Track listing
Cobra Kai: Wax Off – EP
Madison Gate Records released an extended play entitled Cobra Kai: Wax Off – EP on July 23, 2021, featuring extended versions of four previously released tracks from the first two seasons soundtracks.
Track listing
Video games
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Cobra Kai: The Karate Kid Saga Continues, a video game based on the series, was released for PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Nintendo Switch on October 27, 2020, and for Microsoft Windows on January 5, 2021.
A mobile game entitled Cobra Kai: Card Fighter was released on March 19, 2021, on iOS and Android devices.
References
External links
(includes trailers for all seasons)
The Karate Kid and Cobra Kai (video) – Reunited Apart, December 21, 2020
Whoopi Goldberg Shares Thoughts on "Cobra Kai" Series (video) – The View, September 09, 2020
Ralph Macchio and William Zabka Discuss "Cobra Kai" and Reminisce About Mr. Miyagi (video) – The View, January 12, 2021
What if the Karate Kid Isn't the Hero? (podcast) – The New York Times, January 28, 2021
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Cobra Kai
2010s American comedy-drama television series
2010s American high school television series
2010s American teen drama television series
2020s American comedy-drama television series
2020s American high school television series
2020s American teen drama television series
2018 American television series debuts
Coming-of-age television shows
English-language Netflix original programming
English-language television shows
Japan in non-Japanese culture
Live action television shows based on films
Martial arts television series
Midlife crisis in television
Television series about bullying
Television series by Sony Pictures Television
Television series set in 1965
Television series set in 1968
Television series set in 1979
Television series set in 1984
Television series set in 2018
Television shows filmed in Atlanta
Television shows filmed in Los Angeles
Television shows set in Los Angeles
Television shows adapted into video games
YouTube Premium original series
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Works about school bullying
Fictional rivalries
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The Lehigh Canal or the Lehigh Navigation Canal is a navigable canal, beginning at the mouth of Nesquehoning Creek on the Lehigh River in eastern Pennsylvania in the United States. It was built in two sections over a span of twenty years, beginning in 1818. The lower section spanned the distance between Easton, Pennsylvania and present-day Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania. In Easton, the canal met the Delaware and Morris Canals, which allowed goods to be transported further up the east coast. At its height, the Lehigh Canal was long.
Although the canal was used to transport a variety of products, its most significant cargoes were anthracite coal and pig iron, which proved cornerstones of the American Industrial Revolution. Their mining and transport defined the character of the towns surrounding the canal.
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The route consisted initially of canals and dammed-off sections of the Lehigh River. Boatmen had to navigate barges periodically from the canal through a lock onto the river or vice versa. This design saved time and money and made the canal functional while it was being built, although it made for a slower, more difficult trip for canal-boat captains.
History
Early history
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The Lehigh Coal Mine Company (LCMC) was founded in 1792, a few months after anthracite was discovered at Sharp Mountain (a peak of the Pisgah Ridge near present-day Summit Hill, Pennsylvania); Its principals secured rights to over before the Lehigh Canal was built. The company found it fairly easy to find and mine coal from a pit on the mountainside. The coal had to be loaded into sacks and then onto pack animals, which carried the coal at least to the Lehigh shore. Disposable skiffs known as arks were built from local timber, which were manned along the lower Lehigh River rapids. Despite many politically connected stockholders and officers, the operation was unsupervised by upper management.
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With no officer willing to manage from the field, the LCMC hired contractors or sent out teams, which was only sporadically successful in getting coal to Philadelphia. Firewood and charcoal were expensive and hard to find in the eastern U.S. by the War of 1812. Before the war, the LCMC's record of getting coal to market was so dismal that coal imported from England was cheaper and more readily available. The War of 1812 gave the company an incentive to send another expedition by independent contractors in 1813. After a year, they had built five boats but brought only two to market. This resulted in another financial loss for the company and proved the last straw for many of the company's backers, who were unwilling to fund more expeditions.
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The Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company, its founder Josiah White and White's protégé and partner Erskine Hazard (operations managers into the mid-1860s) established a reputation for innovation. White and Hazard researched (or invented) emerging technologies as needed, pioneering industrial innovations including the first wire suspension bridge over the Schuylkill River.
Background
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The lower canal began as a collection of removed stone obstructions and low rock dams with a system of wooden "bear-trap locks" invented by Lehigh Navigation Company managing partner Josiah White, who debugged scale models of the lock design on Mauch Chunk Creek. Experiments with the bear-trap locks gave Bear Lane, an alley in Mauch Chunk off Broadway in today's Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania, its name. White and partner Erskine Hazard, who operated a wire mill, foundry and nail factory at the Falls of the Schuylkill, needed energy. After learning the value of anthracite during the British blockades in 1814, White and Hazard joined a number of Philadelphians in a joint-stock venture to build the Schuylkill Canal but quarreled with those on the board of managers who did not favor rapid development. They learned that the managers of the Lehigh Coal Mine Company were willing to option their rights because of their long-term inability to make a profit by transporting anthracite nearly from
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Pisgah Ridge. The Lehigh Navigation Company held a charter to improve the navigability of the Lehigh River, but had accomplished little and the charter would expire in 1817. White and Hazard made a proposal specifying improvements for downriver navigation only, and received a charter giving the company ownership of the river in March 1818. The charter had a fall-back provision allowing the legislature to require improvements enabling two-way navigation.
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Lower canal
Sometimes called "The Stone Coal Turnpike", the lower canal () was built by the Lehigh Navigation Company as a "toll road" to supply coal to Eastern seaboard cities between 1818 and 1820 (downriver traffic only). It was rebuilt (with locks supporting two-way traffic) between 1827 and 1829 by the Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company and remained in operation until 1931. The lower canal connected the eastern part of the southern Coal Region to the Delaware River basin (primarily the Panther Creek Valley, Nesquehoning Creek Valley and mines in Beaver Meadows and along Black Creek), connecting via Penn Haven Junction to the canal head at Mauch Chunk (now Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania).
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The lower canal began below Packers Dam. A wing wall projected into the upper pool to create slack water next to the loading docks, at the same level as the top of the first guard dam. That dam (known as Dam 1) was downstream of Broadway, opposite Flagstaff Hill and the cross-canal Bear Mountain for which Mauch Chunk was named. The 44 lift locks begin with Lock 1 at the dam. This was a weighing lock, using a platform which lifted a barge and weighed the boat and its load. Each non-LC&NC barge on the canal was recorded. Empty weights were subtracted, and tolls were assessed by the ton per mile traveled. Most of the 44 locks on the descent to Easton were spillway variants of White's bear-trap lock. When tipped or triggered, they released several acre-feet (creating a wave to raise the water level as the canal boat sank downriver). The canal carried central Lehigh Valley anthracite to northeastern urban markets, particularly Philadelphia, Trenton and Wilmington, and supporting new
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industry in Bristol, Allentown and Bethlehem, Pennsylvania with the Morris and Delaware and Raritan Canals and a number of railroads. The privately funded canal became part of the Pennsylvania Canal system, a complex of canals, towpaths and (eventually) railroads.
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Initial construction
The lower canal improvements were initially designed and engineered by LC&N founder Josiah White after the company become disenchanted with the Schuylkill Canal's board of directors. By the winter of 1814, the company was interested in transporting Lehigh Valley coal to Philadelphia.
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By late 1822, skepticism about anthracite was waning. The cost of building an ark for every load of coal delivered to the Philadelphia docks in 1822 (as LC&N operations were hitting their stride) worried the company's board of directors. By mid-1822, managing director Josiah White was consulting with veteran Erie-Canal lock engineer Canvass White. By late in the year, White had shifted construction efforts from improving the one-way system (begun in 1818) to a test project on the four upper dams of the canal. The project involved two-way dams and locks with a wider lift channel and lengths of over , capable of taking a steam tug and a coastal cargo ship from from the Delaware to the slack-water pool at Mauch Chunk. In 1823, White and Hazard proposed a plan to the Pennsylvania legislature.
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Further construction
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In 1823, after building and testing four locks, Josiah White made a proposal to the Pennsylvania legislature to continue the improvements down the Lehigh River. His plan included locks suitable for a coastal schooner and towing steam tug, the types of boats which dominated ports along the of the Delaware River controlled by the LC&N. The following year, the legislature rejected his proposal; lumber and timber interests feared that damming would prevent them from rafting logs on the rivers to local sawmills. White and Hazard scrambled to increase mine production while producing enough lumber for arks to send their coal along the Delaware to Philadelphia. In 1827, a revision to the Main Line of Public Works funded the promised Delaware Canal. The LC&N began converting the canal to support two-way operation, work which continued into 1829. In 1831, the LC&N stopped making one-way arks and began building large, durable barges, expecting their return via a connection with the Delaware
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Division of the Pennsylvania Canal in Easton.
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The expanded Lehigh Canal extended , between Mauch Chunk and Easton. Its 52 locks, eight guard locks, eight dams and six aqueducts allowed the waterway to rise over in elevation. A weigh lock south of Mauch Chunk determined canal-boat fees. A cable-ferry connection across the Delaware River to the Morris Canal and through New Jersey created a more-direct route from the Lehigh Canal to New York City. To the south, the Delaware and Raritan Canal had a complementary canal built along the east bank of the Delaware.
Upper canal
Inspired by the successful transport of freight over the Allegheny Front escarpment via the Allegheny Portage Railroad system, during the mid-1830s the business community and the legislature sought a extension. The Upper Lehigh Canal, designed by Canvass White, was built from 1837 to 1843 as authorized by the 1837 revision of the Main Line of Public Works.
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The upper Lehigh was a turbulent river with steep sides; a large portion was in a ravine, the Lehigh Gorge. The upper canal rose over in elevation to the Mauch Chunk slack-water pool. Unlike the lower canal (where most locks lifted less than in easy stages, the upper-canal design relied on deep-lift locks. The maximum lift on the lower canal was less than , but the upper-canal locks lifted a maximum of ; this is comparable to the lift of the lower canal in a bit over half the distance, using less than as many locks per mile. The upper canal design's 20 dams, 29 locks and a number of reservoirs provided working flow even in dry summers.
The project included four major construction hurdles and three new railroad projects, for which LC&N created a new subsidiary: the Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad (LH&S). From north to south, the rail projects were:
The rail connection from the Pennsylvania Canal landing docks at Pittston to an assembly rail yard in Ashley
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