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1855_27 | Streams
The Forest Practice Rules dictate the permitted distance or buffer from the watershed which logging activities can occur. This distance is different based on stream class and slope. All the watersheds located on Swanton Pacific Ranch provide habitat for Coho Salmon (or are tributaries of streams that provide habitat). For these watersheds the WLPZ (Water Lake Protection Zone) permits a buffer where no harvesting activities can take place. There also must be 80% shade covering left after harvesting.
Pests and disease |
1855_28 | The hardwood and conifers at Swanton Pacific Ranch have not yet been affected by sudden oak death (SOD). Monitoring for (SOD) must occur to ensure the safety of the trees. If introduced to the ranch, removal of the affected trees and non-contamination is the recommended management treatment. The Redwood suffers from diseases such as heterobasidium annosum and damping off. The Douglas fir, however, is susceptible to defoliator insects such as the western spruce budworm and the Douglas-fir tussock moth. Young trees, thin barked trees and older trees are more susceptible to the fir engraver beetle. Other diseases that will affect Douglas fir include root and butt rot, black stain fungus, red ring rot, red-brown but rot, needle cast and red ring rot. The proper management includes monitoring, removing dead and diseased trees, and maintaining a healthy stand. Pitch canker is the most serious threat to the Monterey pine at the Ranch. Between 80% and 90% of the Pines may be killed by pitch |
1855_29 | canker. Monterey pine is affected by two endemic pests and diseases; western gall rusts and engraver beetles. By removing infected limbs and good slash disposal the problems have been kept under control. Other potential diseases include shoestring root rot and redband needle blight. Possible insect infestation could include borers, moths, caterpillars, beetles (red turpentine) and aphids. |
1855_30 | Roads
The roads at Swanton Pacific Ranch are well maintained and fit for logging operations. Water bars along with rolling dips have been installed to decrease the amount of erosion during harvesting operations. The road up Little Creek has also been rocked which provides support and reduces run-off and erosion during storm events.
Livestock |
1855_31 | Livestock raising is another major activity that happens on the Swanton Pacific Ranch. One of Swanton's newest operations is the natural beef program, run by the Animal Science Department at Cal Poly SLO. The department raises all natural grain-fed and grass fed beef in the meadowlands at the ranch, selling it twice a year on campus. Watching over the herd of livestock is livestock manager Gordon Claassen, who oversees the 500 plus head of cattle. He constantly monitors the herds, moving cattle from pasture to pasture based on the condition of the grasses they eat. The natural beef project fits the "sustainable agriculture" character of Swanton Pacific Ranch.
Cropland |
1855_32 | Cropland area is approximately , all of it CCOF Certified organic production of vegetables and oat hay. The philosophy at Swanton is to provide a diversity of crops and marketing opportunities for students in a "learn by doing" environment. They have a long-term goal of breaking even or better on their returns. Diversity of products and farming organically are both seen as sound business practices. Five fields have been leased to Jacobs Farm / Del Cabo which grows perennial culinary herbs. Apple picking has also become a popular event at Swanton Ranch. The organic u-pick orchard has twelve varieties of apples. The orchard yields of apples every year.
Research conducted
Dr. Dietterick, Brian
Long-term Evaluation of Suspended Sediment Exiting a Coastal Mountain Stream Following Selection Timber Harvesting Activities.
Full Report |
1855_33 | Current Santa Cruz County and State of California forest practice rules regarding timber harvesting have not been tested to see if these practices adequately protect local watersheds from possible resultant adverse sediment-related impacts. This project will evaluate the effects of selection timber harvesting in the Little Creek watershed using a paired watershed and upstream/downstream study design. Event-based samples will be collected using automated water quality samplers and analyzed in a lab on-site. Five years of data will be analyzed before the next harvesting activity planned for 2004, allowing for a broad range of baseline conditions.
Long-Term Water Quality, Geomorphic, and Habitat Evaluation of a California Coastal Mountain Stream Following Selection Timber Harvesting Activities
Full Report |
1855_34 | This project is essentially an augmentation of an existing ARI project (00-3-011) which uses a paired watershed design to study the effects of timber harvesting practices on water quality. This new proposal enhances the project by monitoring additional water quality parameters, and geomorphic and habitat parameters. Sophisticated interaction between instream sensors and automated water quality samplers will maximize sampling efficiency and statistical validity of the results. Remote data access capabilities will enable monitoring of real-time weather and sampling data to efficiently dispatch field personnel for sample pickup and troubleshoot hydrologic instrumentation.
LIDAR Geomorphic Evaluation of Watershed and Channel Characteristics in the Little Creek Watershed, Swanton Pacific Ranch
Full Report |
1855_35 | Recent developments using LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) technology has permitted high-resolution, three-dimensional mapping and the ability to evaluate landscape features, such as channel and watershed characteristics. The ability of high-resolution laser altimetry to accurately identify and evaluate watershed and channel characteristics will be investigated. Comparisons will be made between field-mapped inner gorge areas, streamside landslides, and channel characteristics with the same landscape features generated with digital terrain models derived from the laser altimetry. The results of this study are expected to determine whether LIDAR technology can provide an accurate and cost-effective alternative to delineating watershed and channel characteristics that contribute to cumulative watershed effects analysis required under California Forest Practice Rules. A model will be developed to identify areas susceptible to streamside landslides to help predict potential sediment |
1855_36 | sources for the cumulative effects analysis and to possibly warrant additional WLPZ (watercourse and lake protection zone) considerations. |
1855_37 | Dr. Piirto, Doug
Silviculture Management Strategies for Pitch Canker Infected Ano Nuevo Stands of Monterey Pine
Full Report
Pitch Canker (Fusarium subglutinans) has become a major cause of growth loss, mortality, and associated economic impacts in California Monterey pine forests. There remains a strong need for science-based forest management guidelines of the Monterey pine forest in California given the high public interest and concern over the spread of pitch canker and the decline of the Monterey pine forest. An opportunity exists to develop long-term Monterey pine forest management studies for pitch canker infected native stands at California Polytechnic State University's forest property in Santa Cruz County. |
1855_38 | Funding was provided by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection to: 1) initiate long-term forest management studies in the native Monterey pine forests at Swanton Pacific; and 2) develop guidelines for regeneration and management of Monterey pine forests in California in the presence of pitch canker. The research work is being done in collaboration with a number of institutions, organizations, research scientists, and graduate student.
An initial ARI grant was awarded to cover the first three of six proposed objectives: 1) install a Continuous Forest Inventory System for the Scotts Creek Study Area; 2) collect seed from Monterey pine pitch canker resistant trees; 3) plant this resistant seed in greenhouse nurseries; $0 outplant these resistant seedlings as part of the group selection experimental design; 5) evaluate the effectiveness of broadcast seeding; and 6) develop a model to visually characterize the influence of pitch canker on Monterey pine stands. |
1855_39 | Dr. Mark, Walter
Sudden Oak Death Distribution, Detection, Ecological Impact, Control, and Spread Modeling
Full Report
In recent years, an alarming disease was found killing oaks in Marin County and has now spread to 10 surrounding counties. The cause of this disease was identified only last year to be a fungal pathogen Phytophthera ramorum. The disease this pathogen causes is called Sudden Oak Death (SOD). |
1855_40 | Since 1995, SOD has been confirmed from southern Mendocino County to Big Sur, and is particularly severe in Marin, Santa Cruz, and Monterey Counties. Dying trees have been observed in urban and rural forests and woodlands. The main species of affected overstory plants are coast live oak, California black, and tanoak. The disease has also spread to Shreve's oak, California laurel, California buckeye, bigleaf maple, toyon, huckleberry, honeysuckle, rhododendrons, and arrowroot. Concern now exists that the pathogen may spread throughout California oak forests, be transported to the forests of other western states and even to the eastern United States. In fact SOD was discovered in Southern Oregon through aerial survey work in 2001. With the discovery of the pathogen on rhododendrons, there exists a much greater risk of human transport of the disease via ornamental plants. The actual current geographic range of SOD Phytophthera is unknown.
Project Objectives include |
1855_41 | 1) Statewide Survey of Extent of SOD-this will result in a comprehensive analysis and reporting of the extent of SOD in the State.
2) Predicting SOD Spread using GIS and Remote Sensing: A GIS model will be developed that will be verified by continued monitoring of the spread of SOD. At the end of the project a predictive spread model will be available. Landscape effects will also be modeled to show the impact of SOD on landscapes.
3) Ecological Consequences of SOD progression in oak woodlands: This data will become incorporated into the GIS model and will show the impact of SOD on oak ecosystems.
4) Testing of Existing Phytophthora Control Compounds: Efficacy testing will determine if a compound has the potential to be utilized to control SOD.
Development of Pitch Canker Resistant Stock of Monterey Pine, Ano Nuevo Stand |
1855_42 | Major Objective (s): 1.) to install a Continuous Forest Inventory and associated baseline for the Scotts Creek area; 2.) collect seed from pitch canker resistant trees; 3.) plant this resistant seed in greenhouse nurseries; 4.) outplant resistant tree seedlings as part of a CDF funded group selection experimental design; 5.) develop a growth model for that will enable us to visually characterize the influence of pitch canker on stands.
(CSIRO-FFP Client Report No. 1581)
Establishment Report for the IMPACT P. radiata Pitch Canker Resistance Trial |
1855_43 | Phase 2 of the IMPACT Project has begun. Agreements were put in place before the beginning of July 2004 by which time additional seedlots had been sent to the USDA Forest Service, Institute of Forest Genetics (IFG). Seedlots from among those tested in Phase 1 (greenhouse) were selected and the additional seedlots representing reciprocal cross pairs were sent from CRSIO. Seedlots were germinated at IFG and shipped to the California Polytechnic State University planting site near Ano Nuevo where they were planted on 12 February 2005.
Educational opportunities |
1855_44 | A variety of educational programs are available at Swanton Pacific Ranch, including residential programs for Cal Poly SLO students in the areas of forest management, resource management, watershed management, livestock management, crop specialist, horticultural specialist and integrated ranch management. There are opportunities for senior projects in all agriculture and natural resource areas. The Ranch provides the opportunity for student field trips and short training courses serving students, faculty, staff and others. Another component of the educational program is FNR 475 (Sustainable Forestry and Environmental Practices). This is a field based course offered for credit during the summer quarter. Interns working and living at the ranch have as part of their responsibilities a community service component. Each intern selects the type of community service they would like to be involved in, and the ranch assists them by providing this service time. Interns have been involved in |
1855_45 | beach clean up, trail maintenance and educational programs in local schools. There is also an opportunity for graduate level projects in Forestry and Agriculture. Each year Cal Poly SLO holds Al Smith Day at Swanton Pacific Ranch. The events include a barbecue, roping demonstrations and train rides. The Cal Poly SLO logging team also performs axe throwing and cross cutting. Many of the local schools participate in this fun educational day. |
1855_46 | References
External links
Swanton Pacific Railroad official website
Geography of Santa Cruz County, California
Buildings and structures in Santa Cruz County, California
Research forests
19 in gauge railways in the United States |
1856_0 | The sixth and final season of the American serial drama television series Lost commenced airing in the United States and Canada on February 2, 2010. The sixth-season premiere was the first to climb in the ratings year-over-year since the second season, drawing 12.1 million viewers. The season aired Tuesdays at 9:00 pm from February 2 to May 18. The series finale aired on Sunday, May 23, 2010. The finale ran two-and-a-half hours starting at 9:00 pm; pushing the local news back a half-hour, followed by the previously announced post-finale special, Jimmy Kimmel Live: Aloha to Lost, at 12:05 am. The season continues the stories of the survivors of the fictional September 22, 2004 crash of Oceanic Airlines Flight 815 on a mysterious island in the South Pacific. The survivors must deal with two outcomes of the detonation of a nuclear bomb on the island in the 1970s. While the on-island story continues, "flash sideways" show a second timeline, in which Flight 815 never crashes. The season |
1856_1 | was released on DVD and Blu-ray on August 24, 2010 alongside a complete series boxset. Included in the special features was "The New Man in Charge," a previously unaired shortened episode that serves as an epilogue following the events of the finale. |
1856_2 | Production
On May 7, 2007, ABC Entertainment President Stephen McPherson announced that Lost would end during the 2009–2010 season with a "highly anticipated and shocking finale." "We felt that this was the only way to give Lost a proper creative conclusion," McPherson said. Beginning with the 2007–2008 television season, the final 48 episodes would have been aired as three seasons with 16 episodes each, with Lost concluding in its sixth season. Due to 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike, the fourth season featured 14 episodes, and season 5 had 17 episodes. Season six was planned to have 17 episodes, too. However, on June 29, 2009 it was announced that the final season would feature an additional hour, making the number of episodes 18. |
1856_3 | Executive producers Damon Lindelof and Carlton Cuse stated that they "always envisioned Lost as a show with a beginning, middle, and end," and that by announcing when the show would end that viewers would "have the security of knowing that the story will play out as we've intended." Lindelof and Cuse stated that securing the 2010 series-end date "was immensely liberating" and helped the series rediscover its focus. Lindelof noted, "We're no longer stalling." The producers planned to wrap up mysteries, such as the reason the Dharma periodic resupply drops continue after the purge, Walt's unusual abilities, and the "bird" from "Exodus" and "Live Together, Die Alone". Although these mysteries, among others, were left unresolved in the season, all three were answered or touched upon in the series epilogue, "The New Man in Charge." Matthew Fox said in an interview that in the final season, the characters of Jack Shephard and John Locke "will come head to head." It was also claimed that a |
1856_4 | third of the way through the final season, the two timelines would be "solidified into one" and "will be very linear – no more flashbacks, nothing;" however this did not become the case. He also claimed to be the only cast member to know the ending of the series, though Lindelof has clarified that Fox only knew things that were relevant to his character. |
1856_5 | During the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con, numerous sixth-season reports were made. Carlton Cuse stated both the time travel and flash-forward seasons were over, and they were moving into something different for the sixth season. Josh Holloway stated his character Sawyer would revert to his old self after the loss of Juliet. Cuse and Lindelof stated that the Dharma Initiative would no longer play a large role in the show, but the "Dharma-Michigan connection" would play a significant role in season six. However, this did not happen. Lindelof stated that the producers had a direct hand in the production of the season six promotional poster that was first displayed at Comic-Con, and that everything in it was intentional; he also made a reference to the Abbey Road cover in connection to the poster. Season six was the first and only season of Lost ever to not feature any kind of preview or official promotional material such as sneak peeks and promo pictures for future episodes since the Lost |
1856_6 | producers considered any single frame from the first episodes to be too revealing. According to Lindelof, "even a single scene from the show would basically tip what it is we're doing this year, and what it is we're doing this year is different than what we've done in other years." Lindelof has also emphasized that the flashes-sideways are important, stating "People are saying [they] don't need these stories and all we can say is they're absolutely 100 percent necessary to tell the story of Lost, and hopefully by the end of the season it will be more obvious as to why." He also noted that the term "flash-sideways" was deliberately used instead of "alternate reality" because viewers might otherwise "infer that one of them isn't real, or one of them is real and the other is the alternate to being real." When asked to describe the last three episodes, Lindelof said "Water." |
1856_7 | ABC charged advertisers $900,000 USD for a 30-second commercial during the series finale, in contrast to the standard 2010 season price of $214,000.
Cast |
1856_8 | The cast features 15 major roles with star billing: 11 return from the fifth season, one returns from the fourth season after a year's absence, and three are new regular cast members. Unlike the latter half of the previous season, in which the cast was divided into two groups following two separate storylines, Season Six features an alternate universe scenario which the producers call "flash-sideways," and almost all the main characters participate in both storylines. Returning from the fifth season are the survivors' leader Dr. Jack Shephard (Matthew Fox); former fugitive Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly); millionaire Hugo "Hurley" Reyes (Jorge Garcia); former torturer Sayid Jarrah (Naveen Andrews); con artist James "Sawyer" Ford (Josh Holloway); medium Miles Straume (Ken Leung); former mob-enforcer Jin-Soo Kwon (Daniel Dae Kim) and his privileged wife Sun Kwon (Yunjin Kim); leader of the island's native population, known as the "Others," Ben Linus (Michael Emerson); deceased crash |
1856_9 | survivor John Locke, who lives on in the sideways timeline but has been impersonated in the original timeline by the mysterious Man In Black (Terry O'Quinn); and former islander Desmond Hume (Henry Ian Cusick), who starts the season off the island. Emilie de Ravin reprises her role as Claire Littleton, a new mother who was absent for one season after disappearing on the Island. The new main cast roles are pilot Frank Lapidus (Jeff Fahey), Richard Alpert (Nestor Carbonell), an ageless advisor to the Others, and mysterious Flight 316 leader Ilana Verdansky (Zuleikha Robinson). Carbonell was named a main cast member by the executive producers at Comic-Con 2009, after guest starring in the previous three seasons, and Fahey and Robinson were confirmed after appearing in recurring roles in the fourth and fifth seasons. |
1856_10 | Several former cast members also returned to the show for the final season. Elizabeth Mitchell returns as fertility specialist Dr. Juliet Burke, Dominic Monaghan returns as deceased rock star Charlie Pace, and Jeremy Davies returns as deceased physicist Daniel Faraday. Ian Somerhalder reprises his role as deceased Flight 815 crash survivor Boone Carlyle, as does Rebecca Mader as anthropologist Charlotte Lewis. Harold Perrineau and Cynthia Watros, who portray Michael Dawson and Libby Smith, respectively, return in the second half of the season. About the return of Libby, Cuse stated, "Finally, all of your questions [about Libby] will be answered", however, Lindelof jokingly responded, "No, they will not". Michelle Rodriguez, another second season star, returns as police officer Ana Lucia Cortez, following a brief cameo in the fifth season. Maggie Grace, who portrays Shannon Rutherford, Boone's stepsister, was asked to return at the beginning of the season, but Grace was unable due to |
1856_11 | her schedule; though she eventually did make an appearance in one episode. Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje, who played the deceased Mr. Eko, was in negotiations to return, but these negotiations failed because of difficulties with fees. Furthermore, the producers wished to bring back the character of Walt Lloyd, however Malcolm David Kelley, who portrays Walt, had aged significantly and the producers were unable to overcome this obstacle. Kelley eventually appeared in the epilogue of the series, "The New Man in Charge." |
1856_12 | Numerous recurring characters who reprised their roles for the final season include: Jack and Claire's father, Dr. Christian Shephard (John Terry), wealthy industrialist and former Other Charles Widmore (Alan Dale), Desmond's wife Penny Widmore (Sonya Walger), former Other Eloise Hawking (Fionnula Flanagan), Locke's ex-girlfriend, Helen Norwood (Katey Sagal), Hurley's former boss, Randy Nations (Billy Ray Gallion), mysterious Flight 316 passenger Bram (Brad William Henke), Sayid's wife, Nadia (Andrea Gabriel), deceased Frenchwoman Danielle Rousseau (Mira Furlan), science teacher Leslie Arzt (Daniel Roebuck), deceased one-eyed Other Mikhail Bakunin (Andrew Divoff), the Others' doctor Ethan Rom (William Mapother), Ben Linus' father Roger (Jon Gries), mercenaries Martin Keamy (Kevin Durand) and Omar (Anthony Azizi), and Vincent, a dog who survived the crash of Flight 815 and lives on the island. Furthermore, Greg Grunberg briefly reprises his role as Flight 815 pilot Seth Norris in a |
1856_13 | voice over in the season premiere. Mark Pellegrino reprises his role as Jacob, the mysterious figure in charge of the island, while Titus Welliver also reprises his role as the mysterious unnamed character, known only as "The Man in Black", who appeared to be antagonistic to him in the season 5 finale. L. Scott Caldwell and Sam Anderson reprised their roles as Rose Henderson and Bernard respectively, as does Kimberley Joseph who plays 815 stewardess-turned-Other Cindy. Also, Academy Award-winner Fisher Stevens returns as communications officer George Minkowski from the first few episodes of the fourth season in the eleventh episode. Kevin Tighe returns as Anthony Cooper, Locke's father. Also, minor characters such as Lynn Karnoff (Suzanne Krull) and Dr. Douglas Brooks (Bruce Davison) return. |
1856_14 | Several new recurring characters were introduced in the sixth season. Deadwood actor John Hawkes was cast to portray a character named Lennon and Japanese actor Hiroyuki Sanada obtained the role of ; both men are Others stationed at the temple. Also, William Atherton was cast in a guest role as the principal of the school where Ben works. Sheila Kelley was cast in a recurring role that was initially described as "Kendall" and later confirmed to be "Zoe". Kelley appeared in five episodes, starting with "Recon".
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has an approval rating of 68% with an average score of 8.7 out of 10 based on 34 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Losts shift in central mythology won't satisfy all viewers, but persistent fans will find solace in the show's strong performances and continued dedication to its themes." |
1856_15 | The season premiere was watched by 12 million American viewers and the series finale was watched by 13.5 million American viewers. The entire season averaged 10 million viewers. |
1856_16 | The sixth and final season was nominated for twelve Emmy Awards at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Drama Series, Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series for Carlton Cuse and Damon Lindelof for the series finale, "The End", Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series for Jack Bender for "The End", Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series for Matthew Fox, Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for Michael Emerson and Terry O'Quinn, Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for Elizabeth Mitchell, Outstanding Art Direction for a Single Camera Series for "Ab Aeterno", Outstanding Music Composition for a Series (Original Dramatic Score) for Michael Giacchino for "The End", Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series for "The End", and Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy or Drama Series (One Hour) for "The End". It won only one Emmy, for Outstanding Single Camera Picture Editing for a Drama Series for "The End".
Episodes |
1856_17 | The season premiered on February 2, 2010, with a double-length episode (two hours including commercials) preceded by a one-hour clip show, titled "Lost: Final Chapter". The show continued from February 9 in its new timeslot of Tuesdays at 9:00 pm, with a total of 18 episodes airing in 16 broadcasts, ending with a two-and-a-half-hour series finale, which aired Sunday, May 23, 2010, preceded by a one-hour clip show, titled "Lost: The Final Journey". Additionally, the first hour of the premiere episode was screened to an estimated 15,000 fans on Waikiki Beach on January 30. In the following table, the number in the "No. in series" column refers to the episode's number within the overall series, whereas the number in the "No. in season" column refers to the episode's number within this particular season. "U.S. viewers (million)" refers to the number of Americans in millions who watched the episode as it was aired.
Home media release
References
External links |
1856_18 | List of Lost season 6 episodes at Lostpedia
Lost (TV series)
2010 American television seasons
Television series set in 2004
Television series set in 2007
Limbo |
1857_0 | Foundations Forum was the first exclusively heavy metal music industry convention, held annually from 1988 to 1997 in Los Angeles. The convention was set up by Concrete Marketing who had in January 1988 created the first industry trade magazine for the heavy metal world – Foundations. Realizing there was little or no attention or focus on this growing market, and having seen the far reaching distribution of the trade magazine, they decided to put together an annual meeting, bringing together key industry personnel, vendors and artists (and in later forums fans as well) offering advice on surviving the industry, discussing the changing climate of the scene and business, and allowing people to network. |
1857_1 | Executive Director Bob Chiappardi summed up the purpose of the Forum, "The way heavy metal is growing, we want to be careful not to have it blow out. By sitting down and talking about the genre, the good and the bad points, having the indies interacting with the majors, it makes for a healthy industry in general."
The forums usually invited a keynote speaker who would open the event and touch on important themes for the weekend ahead. There would be panels and workshops made up of industry personnel particular to the theme who would discuss contemporary issues and answer questions.
There were also plenty of performances all weekend of the best signed and unsigned talent the heavy metal world had to offer, over the years including bands like Judas Priest, Pantera, Alice in Chains, Extreme, Ozzy Osbourne and Prong.
CD Samplers of signed and unsigned artists were distributed to each forum attendee
Foundations Forum '88 |
1857_2 | On September 30 – October 1 at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Los Angeles, Concrete Marketing, Metal Blade Records and RIP Magazine joined forces to create the first annual Foundations Forum convention.
The theme of FF88 was the credibility and respectability of metal within the music industry as a whole.
Attendance, etc.
The Keynote speaker for the event was Sharon Osbourne and it incorporated parties in honor of RIP Magazine's second anniversary and Concrete's fourth.
Panels & Moderators
A two disc compilation cd was available free of charge to those attending the event, showcasing bands that Concrete was working with.
Disc 1:
Disc 2
Foundations Forum '89
Foundations Forum 89 took place from September 21–23 at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Los Angeles. This was a week when three metal albums (by Skid Row, Mötley Crüe and Warrant) dominated Billboard's Top Pop Albums chart. |
1857_3 | The focus of this convention was shifted more towards the development of new artists within the metal scene, emphasizing the growth and nurturing of the style.
The convention's attendance more than doubled this year to accommodate more than 2500 people, around a quarter of which were musicians.
The Keynote speaker for the event was KISS bassist Gene Simmons.
Panels & Moderators
The artist panel this year featured King Diamond, Robert Sweet (Stryper), Robin McAuley (MSG), Steve Jones, Lita Ford, Vicki Peterson (the Bangles), Scott Ian (Anthrax), Taime Downe (Faster Pussycat) and Anthony Kiedis (Red Hot Chili Peppers).
A double cassette named 'The Shape of Things to Come' featuring unsigned artists was given out this year along with the double disc compilation 'CD From Hell'. In a special issue of Metal Hammer, interviews were run with all the unsigned bands featured on the compilation.
CD From Hell – Disc 1
CD From Hell – Disc 2
Foundations Forum '90 |
1857_4 | Foundations Forum 90 took place at the Sheraton Plaza La Reina Hotel in Los Angeles from September 13–15, 1990. This was the first year the event was open to the public and there were over 4,000 registrants.
The theme of this year's event was based loosely around metal's emerging social consciousness and responsibility (As Bob Chiappardi notes in his message from the directors):
Responsibility on the part of the industry to nurture new talent, the responsibility of the metal community to cultivate our increasing credibility within the industry, and the responsibility of us all to react to charges that our music is potentially or intrinsically dangerous with something other than mere hostility. |
1857_5 | Tying in with this theme, a big topic of conversation at the forum was censorship and the keynote speaker for the event was Judas Priest frontman, Rob Halford. At the time, Judas Priest had just been involved in a civil action whereby it was alleged they were responsible for the suicide of one youth from Nevada and the attempted suicide of his best friend via subliminal messages placed on one of the songs from their album, 'Stained Class'.
Although the case had eventually been thrown out of court, it was not the first of its kind and the metal world was having to defend itself against an ever-increasing number of censors.
Ozzy Osbourne, who had also been to court following the death of a teenager who listened to his music, joined his wife Sharon Osbourne and former California Governor Jerry Brown on one of the forum's panels to discuss the issue of censorship, which was a popular topic; a theme which spilled into several other panels over the weekend. |
1857_6 | 1990's forum was self-contained within the hotel and featured listening parties from Slayer, Motörhead, Scorpions, Iron Maiden and Deep Purple. Not only was there major news/press coverage of the forum, but there were broadcasts directly from the convention by MTV, KNAC, Z-Rock and others, with some being syndicated all across the country. Many will have come to cover the 18 signed bands which played at night including Judas Priest, Pantera, Exodus, Extreme, Alice In Chains and the London Quireboys. Also, during the day, there were 18 unsigned bands performing including Radar, a New York band featuring lead singer Pamela Moore who sang the part of Sister Mary on Queensrÿche's Operation: Mindcrime album.
Two commercial video cassettes of FF90 highlights were released through Strand/VCI, although these were never to be released domestically.
Panels & Moderators |
1857_7 | The Artist Panel included Jani Lane & Joey Allen (Warrant), KK Downing & Glen Tipton (Judas Priest), Vito Bratta (White Lion), Dave Mustaine (Megadeth) and Joe Leste (Bang Tango).
As well as a cassette featuring unsigned bands, a 3CD sampler was given out at this Foundations Forum.
Foundations Forum '90 CD Sampler – Disc 1
Foundations Forum '90 CD Sampler – Disc 2
Foundations Forum '90 CD Sampler – Disc 3
Foundations Forum '91
Foundations Forum 91 took place at the Airport Marriott Hotel in Los Angeles from October 3–5, 1991. This year the forum featured an industry only day as well as the first Foundations awards ceremony. Paid attendance was up 15% on the previous year and exhibit room, directory sales, advertising, merchandising and record company participation were all up 25%.
Over half a million dollars was raised in aid of the TJ Martell Foundation, through ticket sales for the awards ceremony and at the casino night held as part of the convention. |
1857_8 | Signed bands showcasing over the course of the three nights included Ozzy Osbourne, Soundgarden, Prong, Ugly Kid Joe, XYZ, Crimson Glory, The Almighty, Bang Tango, Claytown Troupe, Screaming Jets, Baby Animals, Lillian Axe and Asphalt Ballet.
A sponsor, Barq's Root Beer, also came on board for the first time at the convention. Noting that their target market was those aged between 12 and 24, and recognizing the growing popularity of the metal genre amongst this age group, they partnered with Foundation's Forum in order to reach their audience directly.
Panels & Moderators
The artist panel this year included Mike Muir (Suicidal Tendencies), Ricky Warwick (The Almighty), Chris Cornell (Soundgarden), Jeff Ament (Pearl Jam), Phil Anselmo (Pantera), Dweezil Zappa, and Harry James and Luke Morley (Thunder).
Awards Ceremony |
1857_9 | The first Foundations Awards ceremony was to recognize the significant contribution made by key artists to the heavy metal genre and the music industry as a whole. The proceeds were donated to the TJ Martell Foundation and the ceremony featured performances by Blind Melon, Temple of the Dog, Alice in Chains and Megadeth. The MC for the event was MTV's Riki Rachtman and awards presenters included Ronnie James Dio, Paul Stanley and Gene Simmons, Lemmy, Rick Rubin, Penelope Spheeris and Rikki Rokkett.
AWARDS |
1857_10 | Lifetime Achievement Award: Ozzy Osbourne
Best Debut Album: Alice in Chains
Best Hard Rock Band: Queensrÿche
Top Artist (Radio Album): Megadeth – Rust In Peace
Top Artist (Radio Cut): Megadeth – Hangar 18
Top Artist (Retail): Queensrÿche – Empire
Best Thrash Band: Megadeth
Best Hard Alternative Band: Jane's Addiction
Best Video (Single Cut): Slayer – Seasons in the Abyss/Janes Addiction – Been Caught Stealing
Best Album Art: Jane's Addiction – Ritual de lo Habitual
Top Independent Artist (Retail): Napalm Death – Harmony Corruption
Top Home Video: Faith No More – Live at Brixton
Top New Artist: Pantera
Foundations Forum 91 Sampler CD – Disc 1
Foundations Forum 91 Sampler CD – Disc 2
Foundations Forum 91 Sampler CD – Disc 2 |
1857_11 | This year a video cassette entitled 'A Weekend in Hell' was released through A&M Video. The video featured performances from bands like Megadeth, Soundgarden, Ugly Kid Joe, Prong, Screaming Jets and XYZ. Also featured were excerpts from panel discussions, awards acceptances and exhibits, serving as a taster for those who could not make it to the event itself.
Foundations Forum '92
Foundations Forum 92 took place at the Stouffer Concourse Hotel in Los Angeles from October 1–3, 1992. The theme of the convention on its fifth anniversary was the 'evolution of the genre' – exploring where they stood musically, and where they were likely headed.
Foundations Forum 92 was the venue for the World premier screening of 'For Those About to Rock – Monsters in Moscow' featuring AC/DC, Metallica, Pantera and Black Crowes.
Having established the ceremony the previous year, on Saturday night the Concrete Foundations Awards took place as part of the events at the hotel.
AWARDS |
1857_12 | Top Retail Album: 'Metallica' – Metallica (based on Foundations Charts)
Top Radio Cut: 'Mouth For War' – Pantera (based on Foundations Charts)
Top Radio Album: 'Metallica' – Metallica (based on Foundations Charts)
Top Home Video: 'Rusted Pieces' – Megadeth (based on Foundations Charts)
Best Independent Artist: Sepultura (Editors Choice Award)
Best Breakthrough Artist: Pearl Jam (Editors Choice Award)
Best Hard Music Artist: Soundgarden (Editors Choice Award)
The Hard Rockers' Hard Rocker Award: Aerosmith (Award chosen by their professional colleagues)
On the closing night of the convention, the TJ Martell Gambling Casino made another appearance in order to raise money for the charity, following success the previous year.
Panels & Moderators |
1857_13 | Brian Slagel's (Metal Blade) Independent Labels Presidents Conclave was a significant meeting for those rock/metal labels which, despite a fair amount of individual success, were under represented at other industry conventions or rarely had their voices heard. This meeting covered significant topics like international distribution, domestic distribution, marketing, merchandising, touring and publicity, and gave the indies a chance to discuss the problems and concerns they shared.
Foundations Forum '92 Sampler CD 1
Foundations Forum '92 Sampler CD 2
Foundations Forum '92 Sampler CD 3
Foundations Forum 93
Foundations Forum 93 took place from September 9, 1993 to September 11, 1993 at the Burbank Hilton and Convention Center in LA.
Artists showcasing at this year's event included KISS, Scorpions, Schnitt Acht, Souls at Zero, My Sisters Machine, The Big F, Accept, Quicksand, La Salle, The Scream, I Mother Earth, Greta, Mind Bomb, Strip Mind, White Trash, Tad and Crowbar. |
1857_14 | The artist panel this year featured Jerry Cantrell (Alice in Chains), Stevie Blaze (Lillian Axe), Jesse DuPree (Jackyl) and Rob Zombie (White Zombie).
Foundations Forum 93 CD Sampler Disc 1
Foundations Forum 93 CD Sampler Disc 2
Foundations Forum 93 CD Sampler Disc 3
Foundations Forum '94
Foundations Forum '94 took place at the Burbank Hilton Hotel in LA from September 7–9, 1994. The special address was given by Ted Nugent and Mercury Records provided a launch party at the Palace in Hollywood featuring performances by the Mighty Mighty Bosstones, Animal Bag, Shootyz Groove, Downset and Kerbdog.
Bands showcasing this year included Bile, Biohazard, Bruce Dickinson, Downset, Dream Theater, Drown, Fates Warning, Korn, Machine Head, Yngwie Malmsteen, Monster Voodoo Machine, My Head, Overkill, Wickerman, Wool, Dead Orchestra, Engines of Aggression, Juster, Wood, Paradise Lost, Planet Hate, Po' Boy Swing, Pushmonkey, Raven, Blackthorne and Vertical After. |
1857_15 | Foundations Forum '94 CD Sampler – CD 1
Foundations Forum '94 CD Sampler – CD 2
Foundations Forum '94 CD Sampler – CD 3
Foundations Forum '94 CD Sampler – CD 4
Foundations Forum '95
Foundations Forum '95 was hosted from Thursday September 7 – Saturday September 9, 1995 by the Burbank Hilton in Los Angeles, California. It was to be the last forum of its kind, with plans for a new format taking shape for future meets.
Foundations Forum '95 Sampler CD – Disc 1
Foundations Forum '95 Sampler CD – Disc 2
Foundations Forum '95 Sampler CD – Disc 3
Foundations Forum '95 Sampler CD – Disc 4
F MusicFest '96 |
1857_16 | As indicated the previous year, the event took on a different format for the meeting in 1996. The organizers decided this year to return to their roots and rather than doing another convention under one roof, they chose instead to branch out. Rather than feature 30 bands under one roof, they presented over 200 of them across 16 clubs from in and around the Hollywood and West Hollywood area. The name also changed from Foundations Forum, to F Musicfest, and the line up changed to become more varied in terms of genre than in previous years. Key elements remained from conventions past including the many panels and a focus issue – this year, drugs.
Concrete/Foundations presented the Outstanding Contribution to Music Award to Van Halen during the event.
Panels this year included:
Venues and Showcases
Moguls:
Melvins, Knapsack, The Lemons, Jimmy Eat World, 3 Penny Needle, Three Mile Pilot. |
1857_17 | Teaszer A:
Coal Chamber, Downset, Abscess, Strife, Bloodlet, A.O.A., Nothingface, Ramp, I.4.N.I., The Back Alley Gators, the MF Pitbulls, Sexpod, NEar death Experience, The Violet Burning, Dead Birds, Padded Cell, Cynical, Tribe 8.
Smalls:
Copperpot, Sunset Heights, Ms. 45, Punkinucle, Stone, Suncatcher, Chopper One, Frank Lloyd Vynl, Volebeats, Haynes Boys, Jackie On Acid, Tongue, The Black Watch, Ether.
The Viper Room:
Revolux, 9 Iron, Likehell, Cellophane, Epperly, Choreboy, Brand New Unit, Coal, Placebo, Slightly Stoopid, Metal Molly, Les Claypool, Holy Mackerel, The Underbellys, The Ziggens.
The Martini Lounge:
Super Junky Monkey, Crowbar, Hed, Drill, Dimestore Hoods, Killing Culture, Mind Heavy Mustard, Foreskin 500, Spahn Ranch, Headcrash, The Notwist, Skold, 16Volt.
Hell's Gate:
Hollow, Mindrot, Flambooky, December, Torment, Shoegazer, The Phoids, Stanley, Jud, Scraggly Jane, Cradle of Thorns, The Drugs, Wingnut Supreme. |
1857_18 | Roxy:
Sugartooth, Snot, Powerman 5000, Flood, Man Will Surrender, Salmon, Expanding Man, Agnes Gooch, Silverjet, Plexi, Ednaswap, triplefastaction, Beer Nuts, Humble Gods, Lidsville, Frontside.
Palace:
Ugly Kid Joe, Motörhead, W.A.S.P., Supersuckers, House of Pain, Unwritten Law, 22 Jacks, Save Ferris, B-FAM, LA Guns, Warrant, Body Count, Stuck Mojo.
Troubadour:
Maids of Gravity, Remy Zero, Haynes Boys, Perfect, Thermadore, Horny Toad!, Buck O Nine, Nerf Rider, Meal Ticket, The Grabbers, Mensclub, Johnny Bravo, Dakota Wildflowers, Sludge Nation.
Opium Den:
Lo Preshur, Tories, Dashboard Prophets, Reejers, Fat Army, Lawsuit, Godplow, Don Knotts Overdrive, Battershell, FroSTed, Pennydreadful, haynuckle.
Whiskey:
Kilgore Smudge, Man Is The Bastard, Brutal Juice, Neurosis, Red Dye No. 5, Wardog, Galactic Cowboys, Sacred Reich, Flotsam & Jetsam, Dogma, Molly Maguire, Far, Samiam, Crawlspace, Lit, Extra Fancy. |
1857_19 | Jack's Sugar Shack:
Smart Brown Handbag, Neverlast, Her Majesty The Baby, Inflatable Soul, Zoe, Kevin Hunter, Tribe of Gypsies, The Bill White Acre.
Luna Park 1: Radar Bros, Negro Problem, Black Moon Graffiti, Sparkler, Love Jones.
Billboard Live: Palomar, Five-Eight, Sweet Vine, Haynes Boys, Fountains of Wayne, Super 8, The Verve Pipe, Sufferbus.
Jack's: Customers, Blues Saraceno, Belltower, Bigelf.
F MusicFest '97
Panels this year included:
Venues & Showcases
Hollywood Palladium:
Offspring, L7
Opium Den:
Other Star People, The Four Postmen, Farmer, DJ Sean Perry, Fluorescein, Amnesia, Sparkler, Tomorrowpeople, Wild Colonials, Dogstar, Mr Mirainga, Triple Fast action.
The Risk Records Showcase was also held here and featured the Autumns, Go! Dog! Go!, Jack Off Jill and Ozomatli.
Alligator Lounge:
Mineral, Crumb, Knapsack, Slush, Pink Noise Test, Number One Cup and Regatta 69 |
1857_20 | Whisky A Go-Go:
Nebula, Lit, Salmon, Slo Burn, Killingculture, Anthrax, Sevendust, Crushed. Camel also presented a night here featuring Silverjet and aMiniature.
Billboard Live:
The Uninvited, Long Beach Dub Stars and Big Elf.
Coconut Teazer:
Swamp Boogie Queen, Mother Superior, Blake Morgan, Rat Bat Blue, Lucid, System of a Down, Flambookey, Manhole, Aunt Betty, Monet, Tree of Love, Lilyvolt, No.9.
Highland Grounds:
Elmore Lang, Clear, Nick St Nicholas, Michael Monarch.
The Palace:
Sly, Quiet Riot, Raven, Green Jelly, Strapping Young Lad, Exodus and Testament.
Jack's Sugar Shack:
Michelle Lewis, Jason Faulkner, Brent Fraser, Phil Cody, Tim Burlingame, Crown Jewels, Honky, The Piersons, The Hutchinson, Maria Fatal, The Love Revival, Coal and Marshall Coleman.
Martini Lounge:
Dubwar, Sparkmarker, Cast Iron Hike, Voodoo, Rubberneck, Near Death Experience, Hollow, Def Con Sound System, Skrew, Mess, the Drugs, Flood, Loungefly and Fat Amy. |
1857_21 | Moguls:
Plastiscene, Gorgeous, Vitapup, Yortiose, Los Cincos, Plimpton and Clawhammer.
Roxy:
Events at the Roxy kicked off with the Geffen Records showcase featuring Extra Fancy, Human Waste Project and Total Chaos. BAM Magazine also held a party here with performances from Sexpod, Powerman 5000, Incubus, Spank and Hed PE. Other bands performing here as part of the festival included The Aquabats, Amen, Vitamin L, Dial 7 and Backside.
Viper Room:
The Cunninghams, Issa Joone, Daddy Longhead, Beer Nuts
The Garage:
Stillsuit, Will Haven, Ignite, Strife and Snapcase
Atlas:
Liquid Soul
References
External links
Soundscan in the Los Angeles Times
Mike Shalett in the Los Angeles Times
Another article about Mike Shalett in the Los Angeles Times
Conventions (meetings)
Heavy metal subculture |
1858_0 | Robley Dunglison Evans (18 August 1846 – 3 January 1912), born in Floyd County, Virginia, was a rear admiral in the United States Navy, who served from the American Civil War to the Spanish–American War. In 1907–1908, he commanded the Great White Fleet on its worldwide cruise from the Atlantic Ocean through the Straits of Magellan to the Pacific Ocean.
Naval service
In 1859, Utah Territory delegate William Henry Hooper offered Evans the territory's nomination to the United States Naval Academy. After establishing residency in Utah, he entered the academy in 1860. Evans was ordered to active duty in September 1863 and graduated from the academy in the class of 1864.
American Civil War service |
1858_1 | In the attacks on Fort Fisher, North Carolina, during the Second Battle of Fort Fisher, he exhibited great gallantry under fire on 15 January 1865. He led his landing party of United States Marines through heavy fire to charge the Confederate defenses. Evans continued to fight even after his fourth wound, drawing his pistol and threatening to kill any man who attempted to amputate his leg in surgery when he was evacuated.
"Fighting Bob" Evans
Evans held numerous important sea commands during the 1890s. In 1891 and 1892, commanding Yorktown on the Pacific Squadron, he won great acclaim for his firm and skillful handling of a tense situation with Chile, becoming known as "Fighting Bob" Evans. Though he evidently took pride in his nickname, his reputation for profanity also led to his being chastised by Leonard Woolsey Bacon, pastor of the Congregational Church in Litchfield, Connecticut, in a letter to The New York Times. |
1858_2 | USS Indiana
The United States' first seagoing battleship, USS Indiana, was placed in commission on 20 November 1895, with Captain Evans in command. Former President Benjamin Harrison, with a committee from the state of Indiana, presented a set of silver to Evans for the battleship on 16 September 1896 at Tompkinsville, New York.
Spanish–American War service
During the Spanish–American War, he commanded the battleship in the Battle of Santiago de Cuba.
Shore duty
Robley Dunglison Evans was named president of the Board of Inspection and Survey from February 1901 to April 1902. |
1858_3 | Prince Henry of Prussia
President Theodore Roosevelt selected Admiral Robley D. Evans to host Prince Heinrich of Prussia, brother of Germany's Kaiser Wilhelm II. 15 February 1902, Admiral Evans, as Commander-in-Chief of a special honor squadron, hoisted his flag on the battleship at the New York Navy Yard. Evans feted Prince Henry during the visit of the Kaiserliche Marine Imperial German Navy. After the departure of the German prince, 28 February 1902, Evans' flag was hauled down on Illinois. |
1858_4 | Commander-in-Chief – Asiatic Fleet |
1858_5 | Admiral Evans transferred his flag from armored cruiser, on 4 November 1902 to battleship, at Yokohama, Japan. On 5 December 1903, the Kentucky left Japanese waters for Hawaii; on 17 December 1903, the Kentucky arrived at Pearl Harbor Naval Station, Hawaii. Admiral Evans hosted a Christmas dinner for the officers of Kentucky at the Moana Hotel in Waikiki. 31 December 1903 Evans' flagship departed Honolulu for Guam. Kentucky arrived in Cavite, the Philippines, on 18 January 1904. Admiral Evans called on the new Governor-General of the Philippines, Luke Edward Wright, at the Malacanang Palace. Evans' flagship departed Manila on 13 March 1904. The Kentucky coaled at Hong Kong and Colombo. Sailing through the Suez Canal into the Mediterranean Sea to the port of Naples, Italy, the voyage continued to Gibraltar, coaling at Madeira; the flagship Kentucky arrived at the New York Navy Yard, 23 May 1904. Admiral Evans hauled down his flag, 27 May 1904 from battleship Kentucky. |
1858_6 | Commander-in-Chief – North Atlantic Fleet
On 31 March 1905, a 13-gun salute was fired by the battleship USS Maine at Pensacola, Florida, as the flag of Rear Admiral Robley D. Evans, Commander-in-Chief of the North Atlantic Fleet, was broken at the main mast. The fleet sailed on 7 May 1905 for Hampton Roads, Virginia. Admiral Evans returned to his alma mater the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, on 30 October 1905.
The British Fleet under command of Prince Louis of Battenberg arrived at Annapolis. On 1 November 1905, the Prince visited Evans on Maine. Admiral Evans gave Prince Louis a tour of the Naval Academy and battleship Maine. A reception by Evans was held later in the week on the Maine for Governor Edwin Warfield of Maryland. |
1858_7 | Admiral Evans on the flagship Maine sailed on 7 November 1905 from Annapolis to New York. Admiral Evans stayed on board Maine during repairs from 20 November 1905 to January 1906. After winter quarters in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, on 3 May 1906, Evans returned the fleet to New York. On 2 September 1906, the Maine anchored next to the presidential yacht Mayflower off Oyster Bay, Long Island. President Theodore Roosevelt came on board Maine to confer with Evans. Admiral Evans on the Maine departed New York on 28 December for winter quarters in Cuban waters. On 15 April 1907, Evans' flagship Maine returned to Hampton Roads. On 16 April 1907, Evans hauled down his flag on the Maine and then hoisted it on the battleship Connecticut, flagship for the world cruise. |
1858_8 | The Great White Fleet
Rear Admiral Evans commanded the Great White Fleet 16 April 1907 from Hampton Roads, Virginia, in its passage from the Atlantic Ocean through the Straits of Magellan to the Pacific Ocean, where he was relieved of command in San Francisco, California, 9 May 1908, because of ill health.
Admiral Evans retired from the Navy upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 62 on 18 August 1908.
He died in Washington, DC, on 3 January 1912.
Honors
Rear Admiral Evans was entitled to the Civil War Campaign Medal, Sampson Medal, and Spanish Campaign Medal.
106px
Two destroyers, USS Evans (DD-78), launched 30 October 1918, and USS Evans (DD-552), launched 4 October 1942, were named in his honor.
Evans Avenue in San Francisco is named for him. |
1858_9 | Dates of rank
Acting midshipman, 20 September 1860
Acting ensign, 1 October 1863
Master, on Retired List, 10 May 1866
Lieutenant on Retired List, 25 July 1866, Active List, 25 January 1867
Lieutenant commander, 12 March 1868, Active List
Commander, 12 July 1878
Captain, 27 June 1893
Rear admiral, 11 February 1901
Retired List, 18 August 1908
Total time in service – 47 years, 10 months, 28 days
Gallery
Further reading
References
External links
Biography of Rear Admiral Robley D. Evans, from Naval Historical Center's Online Library of Selected Images
Biography of Rear Admiral Robley D. Evans, from Spanish–American War Centennial site
1846 births
1912 deaths
Union Navy officers
American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
United States Navy rear admirals
United States Naval Academy alumni
People from Floyd County, Virginia
People of Virginia in the American Civil War
Military personnel from Virginia |
1859_0 | This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Sudan. There are 188 mammal species in Sudan, of which three are critically endangered, five are endangered, eleven are vulnerable, and nine are near threatened.
One of the species listed for Sudan can no longer be found in the wild.
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:
Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:
Order: Tubulidentata (aardvarks)
The order Tubulidentata consists of a single species, the aardvark. Tubulidentata are characterised by their teeth which lack a pulp cavity and form thin tubes which are continuously worn down and replaced.
Family: Orycteropodidae
Genus: Orycteropus
Aardvark, O. afer
Order: Hyracoidea (hyraxes) |
1859_1 | The hyraxes are any of four species of fairly small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea. About the size of a domestic cat they are well-furred, with rounded bodies and a stumpy tail. They are native to Africa and the Middle East.
Family: Procaviidae (hyraxes)
Genus: Heterohyrax
Yellow-spotted rock hyrax, Heterohyrax brucei LC
Genus: Procavia
Rock hyrax, Procavia capensis LC
Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)
Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.
Family: Dugongidae
Genus: Dugong
Dugong, Dugong dugon VU
Order: Primates
The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes. |
1859_2 | Suborder: Strepsirrhini
Infraorder: Lemuriformes
Superfamily: Lorisoidea
Family: Galagidae
Genus: Galago
Senegal bushbaby, Galago senegalensis LR/lc
Suborder: Haplorhini
Infraorder: Simiiformes
Parvorder: Catarrhini
Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
Genus: Erythrocebus
Patas monkey, Erythrocebus patas LR/lc
Genus: Chlorocebus
Grivet, Chlorocebus aethiops LR/lc
Tantalus monkey, Chlorocebus tantalus LR/lc
Genus: Papio
Olive baboon, Papio anubis LR/lc
Hamadryas baboon, Papio hamadryas LR/nt
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to . |
1859_3 | Suborder: Hystricognathi
Family: Bathyergidae
Genus: Cryptomys
Ochre mole-rat, Cryptomys ochraceocinereus DD
Family: Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)
Genus: Hystrix
Crested porcupine, Hystrix cristata LC
Suborder: Sciurognathi
Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
Subfamily: Xerinae
Tribe: Xerini
Genus: Xerus
Striped ground squirrel, Xerus erythropus LC
Unstriped ground squirrel, Xerus rutilus LC
Tribe: Protoxerini
Genus: Heliosciurus
Gambian sun squirrel, Heliosciurus gambianus LC
Family: Gliridae (dormice)
Subfamily: Graphiurinae
Genus: Graphiurus
Small-eared dormouse, Graphiurus microtis LC
Family: Dipodidae (jerboas)
Subfamily: Dipodinae
Genus: Jaculus
Lesser Egyptian jerboa, Jaculus jaculus LC
Family: Nesomyidae
Subfamily: Cricetomyinae
Genus: Cricetomys
Gambian pouched rat, Cricetomys gambianus LC
Family: Cricetidae
Subfamily: Lophiomyinae
Genus: Lophiomys
Maned rat, Lophiomys imhausi LC
Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
Subfamily: Deomyinae |
1859_4 | Genus: Acomys
Cairo spiny mouse, Acomys cahirinus LC
Gray spiny mouse, Acomys cineraceus LC
Subfamily: Gerbillinae
Genus: Desmodilliscus
Pouched gerbil, Desmodilliscus braueri LC
Genus: Dipodillus
North African gerbil, Dipodillus campestris LC
Mackilligin's gerbil, Dipodillus mackilligini LC
Genus: Gerbillus
Agag gerbil, Gerbillus agag DD
Botta's gerbil, Gerbillus bottai DD
Burton's gerbil, Gerbillus burtoni DD
Dongola gerbil, Gerbillus dongolanus DD
Lesser Egyptian gerbil, Gerbillus gerbillus LC
Pygmy gerbil, Gerbillus henleyi LC
Lowe's gerbil, Gerbillus lowei DD
Darfur gerbil, Gerbillus muriculus LC
Sudan gerbil, Gerbillus nancillus DD
Principal gerbil, Gerbillus principulus DD
Greater Egyptian gerbil, Gerbillus pyramidum LC
Rosalinda gerbil, Gerbillus rosalinda DD
Khartoum gerbil, Gerbillus stigmonyx DD
Waters's gerbil, Gerbillus watersi LC
Genus: Meriones
Sundevall's jird, Meriones crassus LC
Genus: Sekeetamys
Bushy-tailed jird, Sekeetamys calurus LC |
1859_5 | Genus: Tatera
Kemp's gerbil, Tatera kempi LC
Fringe-tailed gerbil, Tatera robusta LC
Savanna gerbil, Tatera valida LC
Genus: Taterillus
Congo gerbil, Taterillus congicus LC
Emin's gerbil, Taterillus emini LC
Subfamily: Murinae
Genus: Aethomys
Hinde's rock rat, Aethomys hindei LC
Genus: Arvicanthis
African grass rat, Arvicanthis niloticus LC
Genus: Grammomys
Arid thicket rat, Grammomys aridulus NT
Genus: Lemniscomys
Heuglin's striped grass mouse, Lemniscomys zebra LC
Genus: Mastomys
Guinea multimammate mouse, Mastomys erythroleucus LC
Verheyen's multimammate mouse, Mastomys kollmannspergeri LC
Natal multimammate mouse, Mastomys natalensis LC
Genus: Myomyscus
Brockman's rock mouse, Myomyscus brockmani LC
Genus: Praomys
Dalton's mouse, Praomys daltoni LC
Jackson's soft-furred mouse, Praomys jacksoni LC
Genus: Zelotomys
Hildegarde's broad-headed mouse, Zelotomys hildegardeae LC |
1859_6 | Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
Genus: Lepus
Cape hare, Lepus capensis LR/lc
African savanna hare, Lepus microtis LR/lc
Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)
The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
Subfamily: Erinaceinae
Genus: Atelerix
Four-toed hedgehog, Atelerix albiventris LR/lc
Genus: Hemiechinus
Desert hedgehog, Hemiechinus aethiopicus LR/lc |
1859_7 | Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)
The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
Family: Soricidae (shrews)
Subfamily: Crocidurinae
Genus: Crocidura
Savanna shrew, Crocidura fulvastra LC
Bicolored musk shrew, Crocidura fuscomurina LC
African giant shrew, Crocidura olivieri LC
Small-footed shrew, Crocidura parvipes LC
Sahelian tiny shrew, Crocidura pasha LC
Somali shrew, Crocidura somalica LC
Savanna path shrew, Crocidura viaria LC
Voi shrew, Crocidura voi LC
Yankari shrew, Crocidura yankariensis LC
Order: Chiroptera (bats)
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals. |
1859_8 | Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats)
Subfamily: Pteropodinae
Genus: Eidolon
Straw-coloured fruit bat, Eidolon helvum LC
Genus: Epomophorus
Gambian epauletted fruit bat, Epomophorus gambianus LC
Ethiopian epauletted fruit bat, Epomophorus labiatus LC
Genus: Lissonycteris
Angolan rousette, Lissonycteris angolensis LC
Genus: Micropteropus
Peters's dwarf epauletted fruit bat, Micropteropus pusillus LC
Genus: Rousettus
Egyptian fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus LC
Family: Vespertilionidae
Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
Genus: Eptesicus
Horn-skinned bat, Eptesicus floweri VU
Genus: Glauconycteris
Butterfly bat, Glauconycteris variegata LC
Genus: Hypsugo
Desert pipistrelle, Hypsugo ariel DD
Genus: Neoromicia
Cape serotine, Neoromicia capensis LC
Tiny serotine, Neoromicia guineensis LC
Banana pipistrelle, Neoromicia nanus LC
Rendall's serotine, Neoromicia rendalli LC
Somali serotine, Neoromicia somalicus LC
Genus: Nycticeinops |
1859_9 | Schlieffen's bat, Nycticeinops schlieffeni LC
Genus: Pipistrellus
Egyptian pipistrelle, Pipistrellus deserti LC
Rüppell's pipistrelle, Pipistrellus rueppelli LC
Rusty pipistrelle, Pipistrellus rusticus LC
Genus: Scotoecus
Dark-winged lesser house bat, Scotoecus hirundo DD
Genus: Scotophilus
African yellow bat, Scotophilus dinganii LC
White-bellied yellow bat, Scotophilus leucogaster LC
Greenish yellow bat, Scotophilus viridis LC
Family: Rhinopomatidae
Genus: Rhinopoma
Lesser mouse-tailed bat, Rhinopoma hardwickei LC
Greater mouse-tailed bat, Rhinopoma microphyllum LC
Family: Molossidae
Genus: Chaerephon
Ansorge's free-tailed bat, Chaerephon ansorgei LC
Lappet-eared free-tailed bat, Chaerephon major LC
Little free-tailed bat, Chaerephon pumila LC
Genus: Mops
Angolan free-tailed bat, Mops condylurus LC
Mongalla free-tailed bat, Mops demonstrator NT
Midas free-tailed bat, Mops midas LC
Family: Emballonuridae
Genus: Coleura
African sheath-tailed bat, Coleura afra LC |
1859_10 | Genus: Taphozous
Mauritian tomb bat, Taphozous mauritianus LC
Naked-rumped tomb bat, Taphozous nudiventris LC
Egyptian tomb bat, Taphozous perforatus LC
Family: Nycteridae
Genus: Nycteris
Hairy slit-faced bat, Nycteris hispida LC
Large-eared slit-faced bat, Nycteris macrotis LC
Egyptian slit-faced bat, Nycteris thebaica LC
Family: Megadermatidae
Genus: Cardioderma
Heart-nosed bat, Cardioderma cor LC
Genus: Lavia
Yellow-winged bat, Lavia frons LC
Family: Rhinolophidae
Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
Genus: Rhinolophus
Geoffroy's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus clivosus LC
Rüppell's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus fumigatus LC
Lander's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus landeri LC
Subfamily: Hipposiderinae
Genus: Asellia
Trident leaf-nosed bat, Asellia tridens LC
Genus: Hipposideros
Aba roundleaf bat, Hipposideros abae NT
Sundevall's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros caffer LC
Noack's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros ruber LC |
1859_11 | Order: Pholidota (pangolins)
The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.
Family: Manidae
Genus: Manis
Ground pangolin, Manis temminckii LR/nt
Order: Cetacea (whales)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater. |
1859_12 | Suborder: Odontoceti
Superfamily: Platanistoidea
Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
Genus: Delphinus
Long-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus capensis DD
Genus: Globicephala
Short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhyncus DD
Genus: Grampus
Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus DD
Genus: Orcinus
Killer whale, Orcinus orca DD
Genus: Sousa
Indian humpback dolphin, Sousa plumbea DD
Genus: Stenella
Pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata DD
Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba DD
Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris DD
Genus: Steno
Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis DD
Genus: Tursiops
Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus
Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops aduncus
Superfamily Ziphioidea
Family: Ziphidae (beaked whales)
Genus: Indopacetus
Tropical bottlenose whale, Indopacetus pacificus DD
Genus: Mesoplodon
Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale, Mesoplodon ginkgodens DD
Blainville's beaked whale, Mesoplodon densirostris DD |
1859_13 | Order: Carnivora (carnivorans) |
1859_14 | There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
Suborder: Feliformia
Family: Felidae (cats)
Subfamily: Felinae
Genus: Acinonyx
Cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus
Genus: Caracal
Caracal, C. caracal
African golden cat, C. aurata presence uncertain
Genus: Felis
African wildcat, Felis lybica
Genus: Leptailurus
Serval, Leptailurus serval LC
Subfamily: Pantherinae
Genus: Panthera
Lion, Panthera leo VU
Leopard, Panthera pardus VU
Family: Viverridae
Subfamily: Viverrinae
Genus: Civettictis
African civet, Civettictis civetta LC
Genus: Genetta
Family: Nandiniidae
Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
Genus: Atilax
Marsh mongoose, Atilax paludinosus LC
Genus: Helogale
Common dwarf mongoose, Helogale parvula LC
Genus: Herpestes
Egyptian mongoose, Herpestes ichneumon LC
Common slender mongoose, Herpestes sanguineus LC
Genus: Ichneumia
White-tailed mongoose, Ichneumia albicauda LC
Genus: Mungos |
1859_15 | Banded mongoose, Mungos mungo LC
Family: Hyaenidae (hyaenas)
Genus: Crocuta
Spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta LC
Genus: Hyaena
Striped hyena, Hyaena hyaena NT
Genus: Proteles
Aardwolf, Proteles cristatus LC
Suborder: Caniformia
Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
Genus: Vulpes
Pale fox, Vulpes pallida LC
Rueppell's fox, Vulpes rueppelli LC
Fennec, Vulpes zerda LC
Genus: Canis
African golden wolf, Canis lupaster LC
Genus: Lupulella
Side-striped jackal, L. adusta
Black-backed jackal, L. mesomelas
Genus: Lycaon
African wild dog, Lycaon pictus EN
Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
Genus: Ictonyx
Saharan striped polecat, Ictonyx libyca LC
Striped polecat, Ictonyx striatus LC
Genus: Mellivora
Ratel, Mellivora capensis LC
Genus: Hydrictis
Spotted-necked otter, Hydrictis maculicollis NT
Genus: Aonyx
African clawless otter, Aonyx capensis NT |
1859_16 | Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)
The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.
Family: Equidae (horses etc.)
Genus: Equus
African wild ass, E. africanus presence uncertain
Nubian wild ass, E. a. africanus presence uncertain
Grevy's zebra, E. grevyi extirpated
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates) |
1859_17 | The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
Family: Suidae (pigs)
Subfamily: Phacochoerinae
Genus: Phacochoerus
Common warthog, Phacochoerus africanus LR/lc
Genus: Potamochoerus
Bushpig, Potamochoerus larvatus LR/lc
Family: Hippopotamidae (hippopotamuses)
Genus: Hippopotamus
Hippopotamus, Hippopotamus amphibius VU
Family: Giraffidae (giraffe, okapi)
Genus: Giraffa
Giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis VU
Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
Subfamily: Alcelaphinae
Genus: Alcelaphus
Hartebeest, Alcelaphus buselaphus LR/cd
Genus: Damaliscus
Topi, Damaliscus lunatus LR/cd
Subfamily: Antilopinae
Genus: Gazella
Dorcas gazelle, Gazella dorcas VU
Rhim gazelle, Gazella leptoceros EN
Red-fronted gazelle, Gazella rufifrons VU |
1859_18 | Thomson's gazelle, Gazella thomsonii LR/cd
Genus: Madoqua
Salt's dik-dik, Madoqua saltiana LR/lc
Genus: Nanger
Dama gazelle, N. dama CR extirpated
Soemmerring's gazelle, N. soemmerringii VU
Genus: Oreotragus
Klipspringer, Oreotragus oreotragus LR/cd
Genus: Ourebia
Oribi, Ourebia ourebi
Subfamily: Bovinae
Genus: Bos
Aurochs, Bos primigenius EX
Genus: Syncerus
African buffalo, Syncerus caffer
Genus: Tragelaphus
Giant eland, Tragelaphus derbianus
Bushbuck, Tragelaphus scriptus
Sitatunga, Tragelaphus spekii
Greater kudu, Tragelaphus strepsiceros
Subfamily: Caprinae
Genus: Ammotragus
Barbary sheep, Ammotragus lervia VU
Genus: Capra
Nubian ibex, C. nubiana
Subfamily: Cephalophinae
Genus: Cephalophus
Blue duiker, Cephalophus monticola
Red-flanked duiker, Cephalophus rufilatus LR/cd
Yellow-backed duiker, Cephalophus silvicultor LR/nt
Genus: Sylvicapra
Common duiker, Sylvicapra grimmia LR/lc
Subfamily: Hippotraginae
Genus: Addax
Addax, A. nasomaculatus CR extirpated |
1859_19 | Genus: Oryx
East African oryx, Oryx beisa EN possibly extirpated
Scimitar oryx, Oryx dammah EW extirpated
Subfamily: Reduncinae
Genus: Kobus
Waterbuck, Kobus ellipsiprymnus LR/cd
Kob, Kobus kob LR/cd
Nile lechwe, Kobus megaceros LR/nt
Genus: Redunca
Bohor reedbuck, Redunca redunca LR/cd |
1859_20 | See also
List of chordate orders
Lists of mammals by region
List of prehistoric mammals
Mammal classification
List of mammals described in the 2000s
Notes
References
Sudan
Sudan
Mammals |
1860_0 | The Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) is a registered charity based in Cambridge, England. It states that its remit is "to minimise the availability of online sexual abuse content, specifically child sexual abuse images and videos hosted anywhere in the world and non-photographic child sexual abuse images hosted in the UK." Content inciting racial hatred was removed from the IWF's remit after a police website was set up for the purpose in April 2011. The IWF used to also take reports of criminally obscene adult content hosted in the UK. This was removed from the IWF's remit in 2017. As part of its function, the IWF says that it will "supply partners with an accurate and current URL list to enable blocking of child sexual abuse content". It has "an excellent and responsive national Hotline reporting service" for receiving reports from the public. In addition to receiving referrals from the public, its agents also proactively search the open web and deep web to identify child sexual abuse |
1860_1 | images and videos. It can then ask service providers to take down the websites containing the images or to block them if they fall outside UK jurisdiction. |
1860_2 | If found on the open web, it traces where the content is hosted (geographically) and either directly issues a notice to the hosting company to remove the imagery (if hosted in the UK) or works with a network of hotlines and police around the world who follow their own country's process for removing the imagery. More than 99% of all the child sexual abuse images found by IWF are hosted outside of the UK. In this instance, whilst work to remove the imagery takes place, IWF places the web address on its URL List for partners to block the content.
From 2010 the Office of Government Commerce (OGC) required all procurement specifications for the provision of Internet-related services to government agencies and public bodies to require the Internet service provider (ISP) to block access to sites on the IWF list. |
1860_3 | The IWF operates informal partnerships with the police, government, public, and internet companies across the world. Originally formed to police suspected child pornography online, the IWF's remit was later expanded to cover criminally obscene material.
The IWF takes a strong stance against the term 'child pornography' and on its website cites "we use the term child sexual abuse to reflect the gravity of the images and videos we deal with. Child pornography, child porn and kiddie porn are not acceptable descriptions. A child cannot consent to their own abuse".
The IWF is an incorporated charity, limited by guarantee, and largely funded by voluntary contributions from UK communications service providers, including ISPs, mobile phone operators, Internet trade associations, search engines, hardware manufacturers, and software providers. It also currently receives funding from the European Union by comprising one third of the UK Safer Internet Centre. |
1860_4 | The IWF is governed by a Board of Trustees which consists of an independent chair, six non-industry representatives, three industry representatives plus one co-opted independent representative with a specialism in human rights. The Board monitors and reviews IWF's remit, strategy, policy and budget to enable the IWF to achieve its objectives. The IWF operate from offices in Vision Park, near Cambridge.
It has been criticized as an ineffective quango that does not deserve its charity status, for producing
excessive numbers of false positives, for the secrecy of its proceedings, and for poor technical implementations
of its policies that have degraded the response time of the whole UK Internet.
IWF claims to have succeeded in reducing the percentage of the worldwide child sexual abuse images that are hosted in the UK from 18% in 1996 to 0.04% in 2018.
History
Background |
1860_5 | During 1996 the Metropolitan Police told the Internet Service Providers Association (ISPA) that the content carried by some of the newsgroups made available by them was illegal, that they considered the ISPs involved to be publishers of that material, and that they were therefore breaking the law. In August 1996, Chief Inspector Stephen French, of the Metropolitan Police Clubs & Vice Unit, sent an open letter to the ISPA, requesting that they ban access to a list of 132 newsgroups, many of which were deemed to contain pornographic images or explicit text.
The list was arranged so that the first section consisted of unambiguously titled paedophile newsgroups, then continued with other kinds of groups which the police wanted to restrict access to, including alt.binaries.pictures.erotica.cheerleaders and alt.binaries.pictures.erotic.centerfolds. |
1860_6 | Although this action had taken place without any prior debate in Parliament or elsewhere, the police, who appeared to be doing their best to create and not simply to enforce the law, were not acting entirely on their own initiative. Alan Travis, Home Affairs editor of the newspaper The Guardian, explained in his book Bound and Gagged that Ian Taylor, the Conservative Science and Industry Minister at the time, had underlined an explicit threat to ISPs that if they did not stop carrying the newsgroups in question, the police would act against any company that provided their users with "pornographic or violent material". Taylor went on to make it clear that there would be
calls for legislation to regulate all aspects of the Internet unless service providers were seen to wholeheartedly embrace "responsible self-regulation".
The ISP Demon Internet regarded the police request as "unacceptable censorship"; however, its attitude annoyed ISPA chairman Shez Hamill, who said: |
1860_7 | Following this, a tabloid-style exposé of Demon Internet appeared in the Observer newspaper, which alleged that Clive Feather (a director of Demon) "provides paedophiles with access to thousands of photographs of children being sexually abused".
During the summer and autumn of 1996 the UK police made it known that they were planning to raid an ISP with the aim of launching a test case regarding the publication of obscene material over the Internet. The direct result of the campaign of threats and pressure was the establishment of the Internet Watch Foundation (initially known as the Safety Net Foundation) in September 1996. |
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