prompt
stringlengths 18
524
| text
stringlengths 70
11.4k
|
|---|---|
Considering historical technology adoption in aviation and the entry into service dates for advanced airplanes, the majority of today's planes could be replaced with more efficient versions by 2050. New plane designs including Boeing's 787 and the Airbus A-350 require | Considering historical technology adoption in aviation and the entry into service dates for advanced airplanes, the majority of today's planes could be replaced with more efficient versions by 2050. New plane designs including Boeing's 787 and the Airbus A-350 require about 20% less fuel than baseline airplanes. Using a stock turnover model, we extrapolate these efficiency gains to the relevant U.S. airplane stock. Further efficiency gains come from adoption of “next-generation” airplane technology with 45–70% higher efficiency than 2010 models. These superefficient planes include blended-wing body concepts and strut-braced wing designs. Blended wing body designs in particular are most likely inspired by gliding tree and vine seeds like the Javan cucumber (see link) whose 5-inch seeds can glide hundreds of yards.
See Reinventing Fire Transportation Methodology for modeling details link
Walker, Matt. 2009. "Vine seeds become 'giant gliders'."BBC E |
Help! The Angry Birds have lost their precious eggsand they need YOU to find them. With the eggs scattered across the globe, you'll have to search the grasslands of Africa, the roaring seven seas, dense rainforests, Australian out | Help! The Angry Birds have lost their precious eggsand they need YOU to find them. With the eggs scattered across the globe, you'll have to search the grasslands of Africa, the roaring seven seas, dense rainforests, Australian outback, and chilling polar arctic. How, do you ask, will I do it?
With the help of their favorite Angry Birds characters readers will learn about five different habitats by pairing the egg |
Located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, and ranging to the upper Euphrates River, Syria has long been a crossroads between the Mediterranean world and the Middle East.
During various ancient periods, this was the land of the Am | Located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, and ranging to the upper Euphrates River, Syria has long been a crossroads between the Mediterranean world and the Middle East.
During various ancient periods, this was the land of the Amorites, the Phoenicians, and the Hebrews. The region suffered invasions by many foreign conquerors. The Egyptians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Persians, Greeks, and Romans all made Syria a part of their empires.
Arabs conquered Syria in the seventh century, and the Turks in the eleventh century. The region was a battleground during the Crusades, but it remained in Turkish hands until after World War I, when it came under French rule. In 1944, Syria at last became an independent nation.
Syria is about the size of North Dakota. It has a population of about 8 million. Much of the nation is desert, and about a quarter of all Syrians live in the two cities of Damascus and Aleppo. Damascus, located at an oasis about 70 miles from the Mediterranean, has been called the oldest capital city on earth.
Damascus was mentioned in Genesis, the first book of the Bible, and has been continuously inhabited since around 2500 B.C.! |
May 5, 2010 Tetrahedral dice, which have four triangular sides, pack more densely than any other shape yet tested, according to research performed by a collaboration of New York University and Virginia Tech physicists.
The revelation is the result | May 5, 2010 Tetrahedral dice, which have four triangular sides, pack more densely than any other shape yet tested, according to research performed by a collaboration of New York University and Virginia Tech physicists.
The revelation is the result of a series of experiments that involved pouring tetrahedral dice into containers, shaking them, and adding more dice until the containers were completely filled. After adding water to measure the open space between the dice, the researchers confirmed that the tetrahedrons fill roughly 76% of the available space in a large container. Similar experiments with spheres typically only fill containers to about 64% of the total volume.
The researchers were able to get an inside view of the packed tetrahedral dice by imaging the containers with an MRI machine. The images are vital in helping them check and refine their die packing models.
The experiment, which is reported in the May 3 issue of Physical Review Letters, confirms recent calculations predicting efficient packing. Such packing problems are related to understanding many other problems including liquids seeping through soils, the flow of granular materials like sand and gravel, dense storage of information in digital memory, and even determining the best shapes for packaging consumer products like medicine tablets and candies.
Daan Frankel of the University of Cambridge discusses the tetrahedral packing experiment and related research in a Viewpoint article appearing in the current edition of APS Physics.
Other social bookmarking and sharing tools:
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
- Alexander Jaoshvili, Andria Esakia, Massimo Porrati, Paul M. Chaikin. Experiments on the Random Packing of Tetrahedral Dice. Physical Review Letters, 2010; 104 (18): 185501 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.185501
- Daan Frenkel. The tetrahedral dice are cast %u2026 and pack densely. Physics, 2010; 3: 37 DOI: 10.1103/Physics.3.37
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead. |
More than twenty Americans have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Some of those winners are well-known historical figures: Teddy Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, Henry Kissinger, Jimmy Carter, and Barack Obama to name the most obvious. Other winners were famous | More than twenty Americans have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Some of those winners are well-known historical figures: Teddy Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, Henry Kissinger, Jimmy Carter, and Barack Obama to name the most obvious. Other winners were famous in their day but now are only remembered by their descendants and historians. Frank B. Kellogg, Calvin Coolidge’s secretary of state, falls into this latter category. He won the Nobel peace prize for negotiating a treaty that he didn’t much like and tried desperately to avoid. But on August 27, 1928, fifteen nations met in Paris to sign the Kellogg-Briand Pact, “providing for the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy.”
Eighty-three years of hindsight makes it easy to mock the Kellogg-Briand Pact. But while the treaty embodied lofty idealism—or if you prefer, rank foolishness— it was the product of Realpolitik and cynical political calculations. To understand why requires knowing a bit about French strategic thinking and American public opinion in the 1920s.
French leaders were consumed with the possibility of repeating the agony of World War I. More than a million French soldiers had died in the war that showed the truly devastating capabilities of modern technology. Paris’s solution to its predicament came straight out of the Realpolitik handbook: it constructed a defensive alliance aimed at Germany.
In the United States, meanwhile, many Americans had become disillusioned with Woodrow Wilson’s decision to enter World War I. They were searching for alternatives to power politics, and many had come to believe that the solution to the scourge of war lay in the universal renunciation of its practice. Activists like Chicago lawyer Salmon Levinson, who created the American Committee for the Outlawry of War, Columbia University president Nicholas M. Butler, and Columbia University professor James T. Shotwell helped popularize and legitimize the idea.
Shotwell eventually persuaded French Foreign Minister Aristide Briand to champion the idea of outlawing war. On April 6, 1927, exactly ten years after the United States entered World War I, Briand wrote a public letter, which the Associated Press distributed in the United States, to invite Washington to join with Paris in “any mutual engagement tending, as between those two countries, to ‘outlaw war,’ to use an American phrase.” Briand’s appeal carried a special weight. He had won the 1926 Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating the Locarno Treat of 1925, which resolved Germany’s western boundary issues and eventually allowed it to enter the League of Nations.
Briand’s offer thrilled pacifist-minded Americans. However, he not made it in a fit of high-mindedness. Instead, he made it because it served France’s strategic needs. Paris worried that in a future war with Germany that Washington might insist, to the point of going to war, that France respect the rights of neutral countries. However, if the United States renounced war in its dealings with France, then Paris could run roughshod over neutral rights and not have to worry that Washington might intervene militarily. In that sense, Briand’s offer was a way to sideline the United States should France go to war.
Kellogg understood immediately what Briand was trying to accomplish and wanted nothing to do with the offer. His also understood and did not like the fact that Briand had made his offer publicly in a clear bid to energize U.S. peace groups and thereby box in the Coolidge administration. The lobbying was immediate and intense. Major news papers like the New York Times hailed the idea. Charles Lindbergh’s historic solo flight across the Atlantic to Paris in May added to the sense of Franco-American good feeling. Within weeks petitions calling on the Coolidge administration to take up Briand’s offer had garnered more than two million signatures.
Kellogg did what any sensible diplomat does when faced with unrelenting public pressure to do something: he agreed to talk. The French formally presented a draft of the proposed “Pact of Perpetual Friendship.” Kellogg then did what any savvy diplomat does when dragged to the bargaining table against his will: he stalled.
Kellogg caught a break in December 1927 when the Senate Foreign Relations Committee informed him that it favored a general treaty outlawing war over a simple bilateral treaty. Kellogg now made Briand a new offer: France and the United States should jointly invite all countries to sign their pact renouncing war. By making the invitation universal Kellogg had rendered it largely ineffective, more a toy handcuff than an iron manacle.
Briand wasn’t happy to have been one-upped, and he tried to wriggle out of the trap Kellogg had set for him. But his options were limited. Having won a Nobel Peace Prize and having championed a bilateral treaty renouncing war, he hardly was in a position to argue against a universal ban on war. He was left with making the best of a bad situation—Paris would serve as the site for the historic meeting to renounce war.
The |
A few people in the crowd were also descendants of families who lived in this area during the mid-19th century. Dan Smoot's ancestor, Jacob Smoot, owned Salona at the time of the Civil War. Jacob, a Southern | A few people in the crowd were also descendants of families who lived in this area during the mid-19th century. Dan Smoot's ancestor, Jacob Smoot, owned Salona at the time of the Civil War. Jacob, a Southern sympathizer, fled Salona with his family and moved to Georgetown. He was also arrested by Union authorities early in the war. Gen. "Baldy" Smith used Salona as his divisional headquarters, and the Vermont Brigade encamped on and around the Smoot property. (The present-day owner of historic Salona was also present). Doug Mackall is the descendant of William W. Mackall, a Confederate general who lived in the McLean area after the war. The home of Doug's distant relative, Dr. Richard Mackall, became brigade headquarters for Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock. The DC area is often viewed as transient, but people like Dan and Doug remind us that some families have deep roots dating back more than 150 years. Who could have imagined that in 2013 a transplant from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania would be speaking about local citizens who were so deeply affected by the Civil War in front of their very descendants?
|Detail from 1862 Union Army map showing the area where the divisions of "Baldy" Smith and George McCall established Camps Griffin and Pierpont, respectively. The Mackall and Smoot properties are plainly visible in the center of the map.|
This was my second time speaking before the MHS, and I enjoyed every minute of it. I also walked away with some interesting stories and insights from those who attended. Thanks to all who came to hear about the camps! |
Music and Mathematics
Week 1: introduction and discussion; group theory and graph theory.
Week 2: discuss Chapters 1 and 7 of Lewin 1987
Week 3: discuss Chapters 8 and 9 of Lew | Music and Mathematics
Week 1: introduction and discussion; group theory and graph theory.
Week 2: discuss Chapters 1 and 7 of Lewin 1987
Week 3: discuss Chapters 8 and 9 of Lewin 1987
Week 4: discuss Lewin 1987 Chapter 10 and papers by Oren Kolman
Week 5: discuss Chapters 1 and 3 of Lewin 1993.
Week 6: discuss Carey and Clampitt, Self-Similar Pitch Structures
Week 7: discuss Callender, Formalized Accelerando
Week 8: open for discussion and presentations
Week 9: open for discussion and presentations
Week 10: individual conferences and paper-writing
Annotated Select Bibliography
Birkhoff, Garrett, and MacLane, Saunders. A Survey of Modern Algebra. NY: MacMillan, 1977. (Or any good text on abstract algebra.)
Callender, Clifton. Formalized Accelerando: An Extension of Rhythmic Techniques in Nancarrow's Acceleration Canons. PNM 39/1 (Winter 2001): 188-210.
Carey, Norman, and Clampitt, David. Self-Similar Pitch Structures, Their Duals, and Rhythmic Analogs. PNM 34/2 (Summer 1996): 62-87.
Gordon, Charles K. Jr. Introduction to Mathematical Structures. Belmont, CA: Dickenson Publishing Co., 1967.
Haralick, Robert. *The Language of Mathematics.: Unpublished paper, University of Washington College of Engineering, 1991.
Haralick, Robert. *A Consistent Labeling Theoretic Approach to Music.: In the proceedings of the *Music and Science: symposium, University of Washington, February 1991. CCISM, Music DN-10, University of Washington
Lewin, David. 1987. Generalized Musical Intervals and Transformations. New Haven: Yale University Press. (See related articles by Lewin, Klumpenhourwer, and others, and subsequent analytical case book by Lewin (1993).)
Lewin, David. 1993. Musical form and transformation : 4 analytic essays. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Kolman, Oren. Generalized interval Systems: An Application of Logic. Unpublished paper.
Mazzola, Guerino. 1985. Gruppen und Kategorien in der Musik : Entwurf einer mathematischen Musiktheorie. Berlin : Heldermann.
Mazzola, Guerino, and Zahorka, Oliver. 1993. Geometry and Logic of Musical Performance. SNSF Report, University of Zurich.
Morris, Robert. Compositional Spaces and Other Territories. PNM 33 (1995): 328-59.
Morris, Robert. 1987. Composition with pitch-classes : a theory of compositional design. New Haven : Yale University Press.
Rahn, John. 1980. Basic Atonal Theory. NY: Schirmer Music Books. (The exercises and optional sections contain information on the group theory of Z12.)
Rahn, John. 1995. Some Remarks on Network Models for Music. In Musical Transformations and Intuitions: A Festschrift for David Lewin, ed. Raphael Atlas and Michael Cherlin. Pendragon Press.
Reiner, David. Enumeration in Music Theory. American Mathematical Monthly, January 1995: 51-54.
Rumelhart, D. E. and J. L. McClelland. Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition. In two volumes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. (See the "Nets" bibliography on my web site for related work in Computer Music Journal, and by Gjerdingen and others.)
Suppes, Patrick. 1972. Axiomatic Set Theory. NY: Dover.
Vuza, Dan. Supplementary Sets and Regular Complementary Unending Canons. Serialized in four parts in PNM 29/2, 30/1, 30/2, and 31/1.
on “Neo-Riemannian Theory”
There has been a remarkable efflorescence of theory based on groups of tonal transformations, originating in Lewin’s book, propelled further by Brian Hyer, Rick Cohn, and John Cl |
TOS is an operating system kernel that is written in a strictly and statically typed assembly language. Traditional operating system kernels are written in weakly-typed languages (e.g. C, C++). Therefore, it is extremely hard to ensure safety | TOS is an operating system kernel that is written in a strictly and statically typed assembly language. Traditional operating system kernels are written in weakly-typed languages (e.g. C, C++). Therefore, it is extremely hard to ensure safety of the kernels. On the other hand, memory safety and control-flow safety of TOS can be ensured automatically through the type check of the language.
|Tags||Operating System Kernels|
No changes have been submitted for this release. |
Understanding the transport of electrons in nanostructures and biological molecules is crucial to understanding properties such as electrical conductivity or the biochemical behavior of molecules. However, determining whether the electrons are behaving according to the classical laws of motion or the quantum mechanical regime at the | Understanding the transport of electrons in nanostructures and biological molecules is crucial to understanding properties such as electrical conductivity or the biochemical behavior of molecules. However, determining whether the electrons are behaving according to the classical laws of motion or the quantum mechanical regime at the nanoscale is challenging because many nanostructures fall in a grey area between both regimes. Japanese researchers from the RIKEN Advanced Science Institute in Wako, with colleagues from Germany and Taiwan, have now devised a set of mathematical equations that can distinguish classical from quantum mechanical behavior of electrons in nanostructures.
On a macroscopic scale, objects follow the classical laws of motion. Golf or billiard balls, for example, will follow exact, predictable paths. On a microscopic scale, objects such as electrons move according to the laws of quantum mechanics, where processes occur in a probabilistic manner. Measuring the properties of quantum mechanical systems, however, is challenging.
In microscopic systems, it is very difficult to perform ideal measurements without disturbing the system, explains Neill Lambert from the research team. As a consequence, measurements on quantum mechanical systems are difficult to distinguish from invasive measurements on classical systems, says Franco Nori from RIKEN and the University of Michigan, who led the research team. It is important to be confident that experimental results are not originating from a classical effect, giving a false impression of quantum behavior.
As a model system, the researchers chose the transport of electrons through vanishingly small pieces of matter known as quantum dots. Even measuring the current passing through a quantum dot represents an invasive measurement of the system, Lambert notes. To identify quantum effects, he and his colleagues developed a set of criteria expressed as a mathematical inequality relationship for experimental data from these quantum dots. Any excess over a critical threshold in the formula by a parameter represents a clear sign of quantum behavior. In their simulations the researchers found several regimes at low temperatures where quantum effects in the dynamics of electrons in the quantum dots should occur.
The inequality relation derived by the researchers is based on fundamental principles and therefore applies not only to the transport of electrons through quantum dots, but also to many open, microscopic electron transport systems, says Nori. He believes that it will soon be easier to determine whether electrons in nanostructures follow the rules of quantum mechanics or take the classical route of their billiard-ball counterparts.
Explore further: Time warp: Researchers show possibility of cloning quantum information from the past
More information: Lambert, N., et al. Distinguishing quantum and classical transport through nanostructures. Physical Review Letters 105, 176801 (2010). See the article here: prl.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v105/i17/e176801. |
Bail - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaIn England and Wales there are three types of bail that can be given: Police bail where a suspect is released without being charged but must return to the police... Bail bondsman - Bail (Canada) - | Bail - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaIn England and Wales there are three types of bail that can be given: Police bail where a suspect is released without being charged but must return to the police... Bail bondsman - Bail (Canada) - Bail (disambiguation) - Category:Bail
Types Of Bail | Santa Ana Central Jail and Bail InformationAlso called a bail bond, a surety bond can be used for any amount of bail, but it is especially useful when the inmate/accused can't afford to pay his or her bail.
Types of Bail Bonds | Sarasota Bail BondsSarasota bail bonds agency, A Way Out Bail Bonds, explains the different types of bail bonds and how they can assist clients in need. Contact the agency to...
Common Types of Bail | Orlando Bail Bonds | Bondsman | Bonding Need A Bail Bond? CALL US NOW 407-841-3646. ROR. ROR (Own Recognizance) is a method of release pending trial is through a county or law enforcement...
Types of Bail Bonds - Delta Bail BondsThe definitions of Bail Bonds and what you need to know regarding the different kinds of bonds that are available and the details of each type of Bail Bond.
What Will The Court Accept As Bail?- The Five Types Of Bail... - FirstThe most common types of bail bonds include cash, property, and surety. Read on if you want to learn more about the different types of bail...
234 Pa. Code Rule 524. Types of Release on Bail.(A) If bail is set pursuant to Rule 520, the defendant shall be eligible for the following types of release on bail. The bail authority, after considering the release...
Bail and Bail Bonds - Delaware State Courts - State of DelawareThe judicial officer will weigh many factors when deciding the amount of bail. Some of these factors include the risk of flight by the defendant, the type of alleged...
The 3 Common Types Of Bail Bonds | GatherAlmost everyone reading this has at least heard of bail bonds, and many of you may have had some experience with them either yourself or...
Bail | Your Legal Rights and Legal Advice | Law & Rights | InfoDuring this time you can be kept on remand in a secure institution or you may be given bail. There are two types of bail : Unconditional Bail this means you can...
Kinds of bail.For persons arrested and taken into custody, there shall be four kinds of bail used in this state. No other form of bail may be approved and accepted by any...
Different Types of Bail - What Are They and How Do They Work?Find out more about different types of bail in the US including Cash, Property, Recognizance and more.
Types of Bail Bonds: Federal, Immigration, Cash, Surety, Property There are numerous types of bail bonds available to get people out of jail when they are accused of a crime and need to post bail quickly and affordably.
Top 10 Types of Bail Bonds Collateral | Bail Bonds SuperTipsBail bonds collateral allow the accused to get out of jail before trial. It can come in the form of cash, property and other assets. Your bondsman will facilitate bail...
Trust/Bond Matters - Clerk of the Superior Court of Maricopa CountyThese funds include criminal bail and other cash bonds, as well as child support and... Bond monies require guaranteed payment types which include cash,...
Different types of California Bail Bonds - Free Bail Bond InformationMost bail bonding agencies will charge about ten percent of the amount of the bail in order to fork over the full amount of the bail.
Types of Court Bonds, Bail Bonds, Surety Bonds, 10% Deposit Bond Different Types of Bail Bonds, Call 1-800-475-5776 t |
Found in: Capitalization
Traditionally, Latin (genus, species and subspecies) names of plants and animals are italicized; additional (following) designations (such as “var.” for a variety of a species) are set in | Found in: Capitalization
Traditionally, Latin (genus, species and subspecies) names of plants and animals are italicized; additional (following) designations (such as “var.” for a variety of a species) are set in roman type. The genus name is capitalized and the species lowercased (even when it is a proper adjective). After initial use, the genus name may be abbreviated.
The traditional style is used by Columns, but most newspapers and AP Style do not use italics, setting everything roman.
Divisions higher than genus—phylum, class, order, family—are capitalized and set roman.
Common names (except of course those that are trademarked or patented) are set lowercase roman, only proper nouns and adjectives are capitalized.
The state bird of Georgia is the brown thrasher or Toxostoma rufum. Other members of the Mimidae family common in Georgia are the gray catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) and the northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos). The American robin belongs to a different family. |
definition of de-arrest
police term, meaning to release someone who had been arrested, before they are even taken to the police station and processed, because it's become clear they are innocent. (Differs from'released without charge' | definition of de-arrest
police term, meaning to release someone who had been arrested, before they are even taken to the police station and processed, because it's become clear they are innocent. (Differs from'released without charge' in that no record of the arrest is kept.)
He was initially identified as the thief, and arrested, but when the actual thief was found a few minutes later, he was de-arrested and allowed to go on his way.
Submitted from United Kingdom on 09/04/2010 08:20:00 |
Ankylosing Spondylitis — Progression and Symptoms
Ankylosing spondylitis symptoms change as the disease progresses.
People with ankylosing spondylitis should be reassured to know that its symptoms can be treated very | Ankylosing Spondylitis — Progression and Symptoms
Ankylosing spondylitis symptoms change as the disease progresses.
People with ankylosing spondylitis should be reassured to know that its symptoms can be treated very effectively, preventing many of the worst outcomes associated with the untreated disease. This means that the progression of ankylosing spondylitis, a type of arthritis, can be significantly slowed in most patients.
However, if you have ankylosing spondylitis, (pronounced an-kill-lo-sing spon-dee-lie-tiss) it might be worth knowing what to expect from the course of the disease.
First, progression varies greatly between patients. For some people it is very mild, while others will experience increasing pain and loss of mobility.
Ankylosing Spondylitis: First Signs
Ankylosing spondylitis has two important features that set it apart from arthritis and other types of rheumatic diseases: It typically begins in young adulthood, and it starts with lower back pain.
“This is a disease that usually starts at about age 25,” says Hugh McGrath Jr., MD, a professor of clinical medicine in the department of medicine at the Tulane University School of Medicine in New Orleans. “It’s associated with low back pain, but what is unique is that the low back pain bothers the patient at night.”
Even though the disease shows up around age 20 to 25, it could be as late as age 40 before it is diagnosed, says Dr. McGrath.
Ankylosing Spondylitis: Moving Up the Spine
“Patients with ankylosing spondylitis have changes in their sacroiliac joints initially,” says McGrath. The sacroiliac joint is in your lower back, where your spine attaches to your pelvis. “After that there are changes that go all the way up the spine that cause spinal stiffness, often associated with forward movement. Eventually this keeps the patient in a more or less forward-bending position, usually at the neck.”
The loss of flexibility in the spine is due to a process of boney growth and tense muscles that prevent vertebrae from moving independently. At the same time, people with ankylosing spondylitis may lose the ability to inhale deeply and expand their chest as widely as they once could. A doctor will assess both of these changes in motion during physical exams.
“We encourage these patients to sleep on their stomach. That more or less prevents this forward progression,” notes McGrath. Another physical change is the atrophying of the buttocks. Other joints may become involved over time, as pain spreads to knees, shoulders, jaw, and wrists.
Ankylosing Spondylitis: Later Progression
Over time, ankylosing spondylitis can affect your heart, lungs, and eyes. “You can get fibrotic changes in the upper lobes of the lungs and you can get conduction abnormalities, irregularities in the rhythm of the heart,” says McGrath.
One of the organs most often affected is the eye. “People with ankylosing spondylitis get inflammation in the lining of the eye that causes it to be red and inflamed and painful. They need to see the ophthalmologist, who will give them steroid drops,” says McGrath. This condition, called uveitis, occurs in about 30 percent of people who have ankylosing spondylitis.
Ankylosing Spondylitis: Treatment Slows Progression
“Ankylosing spondylitis progresses continually, but we have good medications today that help slow the progression. Probably the best medications are called TNF [tumor necrosis factor] inhibitors such as etanercept [Enbrel] and infliximab [Remicade],” says McGrath.
Occasionally people are diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis at a later stage of the disease — but if you are seeing signs that you could have ankylosis spondylitis, it really makes no sense to put off calling your doctor. Proper treatment can help you control the pain and may even slow progression of the disease. |
collections of wise sayings, proverbs, and short stories that offer insights into the proper way to live
highly symbolic style of writing where hidden truths are revealed in a narrative framework
Hebrew Wisdom Literature
ALL ABOUT GOD, Fear of | collections of wise sayings, proverbs, and short stories that offer insights into the proper way to live
highly symbolic style of writing where hidden truths are revealed in a narrative framework
Hebrew Wisdom Literature
ALL ABOUT GOD, Fear of the Lord, respect and reverence, wonder and awe
Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Sirach, Song of Songs
Wisdom Literature in the O.T.
Second half of the book of Daniel
only example of pureply apocalyptic literature
purpose of wisdom literature
Post exilic era
when was wisdom literature written?
why they're here, what will bring happiness, how to get along, and what will be meaningful
what does w. l. try to answer?
contrasting the behavior of a wise person and a foolish person
common style of writing
rejects belief that good is rewarded, and evil is punished. Wealthy man who loses everything and then has face to face encounter with God and gets faith restored
3 types of wisdom- knowledge, art of living before God, skill of making the right choices
"Qohelet" someone who calls assembly
last book of O.T. to be written. Hellenistic influence
updated provers for later challenges facing Israel. |
Monday, July 22, 2013 at 4:30 PM
Scientists in Southwest Ohio are taking bold steps to save an endangered species. As WNKU’s Cheri Lawson reports, for nearly 30 years, the Cincinnati Zoo | Monday, July 22, 2013 at 4:30 PM
Scientists in Southwest Ohio are taking bold steps to save an endangered species. As WNKU’s Cheri Lawson reports, for nearly 30 years, the Cincinnati Zoo has been a pioneer in captive breeding of a species of rhinoceros.
Conservationists believe there may be fewer than 100 Sumatran Rhinos left on the planet and two of them are at the Cincinnati Zoo.
Harapan, a six-year-old male who was born in Cincinnati, has been brought back to his birthplace in hopes that he’ll mate with Suci, his older sister.
Dr. Terri Roth, Director of the Center for Conservation an |
Bird-Flu Virus Found on British Turkey Farm
STEVE INSKEEP, host:
And let's go next to Britain, where officials are investigating the cause of a bird flu outbreak on a turkey farm. It's the first time that the | Bird-Flu Virus Found on British Turkey Farm
STEVE INSKEEP, host:
And let's go next to Britain, where officials are investigating the cause of a bird flu outbreak on a turkey farm. It's the first time that the highly infectious H5N1 strain of bird flu has been found on a British farm. And last week's outbreak led to the killing of tens of thousands of birds to prevent the virus from spreading.
NPR's Rob Gifford reports from London.
ROB GIFFORD: Staff at the farm near the town of Lowastock(ph) in eastern England first noticed last Wednesday that an unusual number of turkeys in one of the farm's 23 sheds had died. About 2,500 birds died in all of that initial outbreak. And when tests confirmed that the H5N1 strain of bird flu was to blame, the government decided that all poultry at the farm should be destroyed. Nearly 160,000 turkeys were gassed and incinerated over the weekend.
Experts and politicians expressed surprise at how exactly the bird flu virus could have got into the farm. One of the areas they're investigating is a recent outbreak in Hungary, where the owners of the infected British farm also owned poultry farms.
Britain's Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs said the virus had been confined to the one farm in Britain, and the government's chief scientist said yesterday he was confident the flu would not spread to other farms. But a precautionary protection zone has been set up around the farm, and restrictions have been imposed on the way birds are housed and moved. Farm workers have been offered anti-viral drugs.
Britain's $7-billion poultry industry, which produces 800 million birds a year, is bracing for a lost of export orders. This outbreak follows a relative lull in cases of H5N1 among European poultry since hundreds of turkeys died at a farm in eastern France about a year ago. H5N1 has killed at least 165 people worldwide since 2003 - most of them in Asia - and more than 200 million birds have died from it, all being killed to prevent its spread.
Rob Gifford, NPR |
On 26th May, 1938, the United States House of Representatives authorized the formation of the Special House Committee on Un-American Activities. "The Speaker of the House of Representatives is authorized to appoint a special committee to be composed of seven | On 26th May, 1938, the United States House of Representatives authorized the formation of the Special House Committee on Un-American Activities. "The Speaker of the House of Representatives is authorized to appoint a special committee to be composed of seven members for the purpose of conducting an investigation of (1) the extent, character, and object of un-American propaganda activities in the United States, (2) the diffusion within the United States of subversive and un-American propaganda that is instigated from foreign countries or of a domestic origin and attacks the principle of the form of government as guaranteed by the Constitution, and (3) all other questions in relations thereto that would aid Congress in any necessary remedial legislation."
The first chairman of the Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) was Martin Dies. The main objective of the HUAC was the investigation of un-American and subversive activities. Soon after his appointment Dies received a telegram from the Ku Klux Klan: "Every true American, and that includes every Klansman, is behind you and your committee in its effort to turn the country back to the honest, freedom-loving, God-fearing American to whom it belongs."
The original intention of the HUAC was to investigate both left-wing and right wing political groups. In a statement made on 20th July 1938, Dies claimed that many Nazis and Communists were leaving the United States because of his pending interrogations. The New Republic argued that the right-wing Dies, who it described as "physically a giant, very young, ambitious, and cocksure" would target those on the left. It was no surprise when Dies immediately announced that he intended to investigate aspects of the New Deal that had been established by Franklin D. Roosevelt.
J. Parnell Thomas, a member of the HUAC, described the Federal Theatre Project as being "infested by radicals from top to bottom" and on 26th July, 1938, called for Hallie Flanagan, the head of the organisation, to answer questions. Flanagan immediately went on the attack arguing that: "Some of the statements reported to have been made by him (Parnell Thomas) are obviously absurd... of course no one need first join or be a member of any organization in order to obtain employment in a theatre project."
On 19th August, 1938, Hazel Huffman, a former employee of the Works Projects Administration (WPA), appeared before the HUAC and claimed that Flanagan was a person who "was known as far back as 1927 for her communistic sympathy, if not membership" and pointed out that 147 pages of her book, Shifting Scenes of the European Theatre, had devoted 147 pages to "eulogizing the Russian theater." Huffman also pointed out that Flanagan had appointed Elmer Rice, "a well-known leftist" as regional director of the Federal Theatre Project in New York City. Another witness, Sallie Saunders, condemned the Federal Theatre because it had performed "pro-union plays, plays referring to Negro discrimination, and anti-Fascist plays." Saunders also complained that the project encouraged racial intergration and that while working for the FTP she had been "telephoned by a Negro for a date".
Hallie Flanagan eventually appeared before the HUAC. She later recalled: "The room itself, a high-walled chamber with great chandeliers, was lined with exhibits of material from the Federal Theatre and the Writers' Project; but all I could see for a moment were the faces of thousands of Federal Theatre people; clowns in the circus... telephone girls at the switchboards... actors in grubby rehearsal rooms...acrobats limbering up their routines... costume women busy making cheap stuff look expensive... musicians composing scores to bring out the best in our often oddly assembled orchestras... playwrights working on scripts with the skills of our actors in mind... carpenters, prop men, ushers. These were the people on trial that morning. I was sworn in as a witness by Chairman Dies, a rangy Texan with a cowboy drawl and a big black cigar. I wanted to talk about Federal Theatre, but the Committee apparently did not. As the hearing broke up I thought suddenly of how much it all looked like a badly staged courtroom scene; it wasn't imposing enough for a congressional hearing on which the future of several thousand human beings depended. For any case on which the life and reputation of a single human being depended, even that of an accused murderer, we had an American system which demanded a judge trained in law, a defense lawyer, a carefully chosen jury, and above all the necessity of hearing all the evidence on both sides of the case. Yet here was a Committee which for months had been actually trying a case against Federal Theatre, trying it behind closed doors, and giving one side only to the press. Out of a project employing thousands of people from coast to coast, the Committee had chosen arbitrarily to hear ten witnesses, all from New York City, and had refused arbitrarily to hear literally hundreds of others, on and off the project, who had asked to testify."
J. Parnell Thomas objected to the radical message in some of these plays. Thomas claimed that: "Practically every play presented under the auspices of the Project is sheer propaganda for Communism or the New Deal." Martin Dies, the chairman of the Un-American Activities Committee, called for the resignations of Harold Ickes, Harry Hopkins and Frances Perkins, as the three had "associates who were Socialists, Com |
Posted on Wednesday 30th September 2009
A large-scale survey to find out what it is really like living with coeliac disease will be launched by researchers at the University of Birmingham. Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disease in which the | Posted on Wednesday 30th September 2009
A large-scale survey to find out what it is really like living with coeliac disease will be launched by researchers at the University of Birmingham. Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system attacks its own tissues in response to the presence of gluten, found in wheat, barley & rye.
The project, funded by Coeliac UK, (the national charity supporting those with the condition) is one of the first such research projects carried out in the UK that explores psychological and social factors impacting on the lives of people with the disease. This includes what people understand about the disease, how people feel about it and what they find particularly difficult or easy about it. Sarah Sleet, Chief Executive of Coeliac UK explains why Coeliac UK are involved with this project: “Gaining an understanding of the reasons why people adapt to their diagnosis in different ways will be an essential part of developing our services in the future. We are pleased to support this research which identifies a gap in our knowledge of the psychological effects of coeliac disease in the UK.”
Dr Ruth Howard, Clinical Psychologist at the University of Birmingham’s School of Psychology explains why the study is so vital: “It is thought that coeliac disease affects at least one in 100 people in the UK. That is a significant proportion of the population. Research conducted in other countries suggests that some people find living with the disease more difficult than others and that levels of associated anxiety and depression can be higher in these individuals than in those without coeliac disease.
“To date, there has been very little research conducted in the UK looking at these things and we feel it is important to understand more about the experiences of individuals with coeliac disease living in the UK.”
The research team are calling for input from four distinct groups: adults with a confirmed diagnosis of coeliac disease, young people with a confirmed diagnosis, parents of children or young people with the condition and partners of adults with a confirmed diagnosis of coeliac disease. There may be individuals who fall into more than one category, in which case people may fill in a questionnaire in more than one capacity.
The study is entirely questionnaire based. The questionnaires for adults and partners are available both online and as a paper pack, whilst the parent and young person questionnaires are available as paper packs only.
Dr Howard concludes: “We hope the results of the study will help us to identify some of the reasons why some people find coeliac disease more difficult to live with than others. We can then look at ways of helping and supporting people who find it more difficult to manage the condition and the gluten-free diet.”
Those interested in taking part should contact Dr Jane Petty at [email protected] or on 0121 414 4935. From 1st October there will also be information and a link to the survey on the Coeliac UK website (www.coeliac.org.uk/researchsurvey).
Further information about coeliac disease can be found at www.coeliac.org.uk or by calling the Helpline on 0870 444 8804.
Notes to Editors:
1. Average length of diagnosis for coeliac disease is 13 years.
2. Gluten is a protein found in wheat (including spelt), rye and barley. Some people are also sensitive to oats. Obvious sources of gluten include breads, pastas, flours, cereals, cakes and biscuits. It is often used as an ingredient in many favourite foods such as fish fingers, sausages, gravies, sauces and soy sauce.
3. The symptoms of coeliac disease range from mild to severe and can vary between individuals. Not everyone with coeliac disease experiences gut related symptoms; any area of the body can be affected.
4. Symptoms can include bloating, abdominal pain, nausea, constipation, diarrhoea, wind, tiredness, anaemia, headaches, mouth ulcers, recurrent miscarriages, weight loss (but not in all cases), skin problems, depression, joint or bone pain and nerve problems.
5. Further information can be found at www.coeliac.org.uk or by calling the Helpline on: 0870 444 8804
For further media information:
Kate Chapple, Press Officer, University of Birmingham, tel 0121 414 2772 or 07789 921164. Anna Mitchell, Press Officer, University of Birmingham, tel 0121 414 6029. |
There is an urgent need for eco homes in this era of deteriorating environmental conditions and dwindling natural resources. Without compromising on comfort and security, we need homes that are as good to live in as they are for the environment.
We do not | There is an urgent need for eco homes in this era of deteriorating environmental conditions and dwindling natural resources. Without compromising on comfort and security, we need homes that are as good to live in as they are for the environment.
We do not inherit the earth from our ancestors, we borrow it from our children. - Native American Proverb
The planet green and the world we inhabit in it are changing rapidly due to our activities. With materialistic over-indulgence and ever-growing needs, we have been tempering with nature for centuries. Now there is a need to adapt our lifestyle to compensate for all the harm done to the environment.
The world is now realizing that the destructive patterns of most industries are unsustainable. The processes used are linear and not clean - they take the earth's natural resources and use large amounts of energy to make products, including homes. It produces waste, in the process, that can be so dangerous as to render unusable other potential natural resources.
At the dawn of a new thinking and approach, clean production methods are being employed that copy earth's organic processes. These are cyclical, using renewable resources that are organically generated. Most waste goes toward regeneration of new products.
Agreed that it is challenging to make changes in our existing life and adopt an eco lifestyle. But using creativity and out of box thinking we can find great ways to live a balanced life which satisfies our needs and desires and is in harmony with nature.
In present day society, to construct a home and meet its demands for creating comfortable environments, causes severe depletion of invaluable natural resources.
Eco homes design takes into account the environmental impact of the built environment and the materials used in it. The aim is to reduce the amount of resources they consume, making them sustainable, in harmony with the site and the surroundings and making best use of natural resourc |
There are an estimated 97 million adults in the US that are overweight or obese (NHLBI). The battle of the bulge is a unique challenge for both sexes looking to achieve weight management goals.
Perhaps, an increased understanding of the et | There are an estimated 97 million adults in the US that are overweight or obese (NHLBI). The battle of the bulge is a unique challenge for both sexes looking to achieve weight management goals.
Perhaps, an increased understanding of the etiology of the different sources of fat may help guide the dieter to achieving a successful end result.
According to the National Heart Lung Blood Institute’s Obesity Education Initiative, body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat on height and weight in both adult men and women (NHLBI). It is important to note that these measures are suited for adults only and not applicable to children. The aim of BMI has always been to assess weight against respective height standards established by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Furthermore, clinical evidence suggests that a weight loss of 5-10% of initial weight will lower the risk of disease (DHHS). As a result, physicians and other health care providers utilize the results of this tool as a baseline to guide effective weight management. In addition, clinical guidelines also assess relative risk and weight circumference. Understanding these outputs, allows the health care provider to suggest a treatment plan to the dieter.
What is interesting about the process of weight management; there appears to be a scarcity of information on the differences between subcutaneous fat and visceral fat-and the tenuous relationship with the dieter’s goals. The aim of the article is to shed more light on both types of fat and perhaps, justify why it is important for the dieter to have a basic understanding of these two types of fat, as the dieter progresses on the path to weight loss.
Subcutaneous fat is found beneath the epidermis (outermost layer of skin) and is the protective wrap over the body’s surface. The body surface is made up of stratified squamous epithelium with an underlying basal lamina. Subcutaneous fat can be measured using body fat calipers, which provide a rough estimate of total body adiposity. There is much discussion on the effectiveness of body fat calipers. The tool is considered to be the most popular tool to assess body fat.
Adipose tissue is loose connective tissue. In humans, obesity does not depend on t body weight, but the amount of body fat-specifically adipose tissue (Kershaw, 2004). In this light, where is adipose tissue distributed the most? Are there distinctions between men and women and adipose accumulation? There are gender differences in adipose or fat distribution. The pear scenario in women is often contributed to adipose accumulation in women’s thighs and buttocks compared to men-where fat accumulation is prevalent in mid-section and chest. Interestingly enough, the lipoprotein lipase, is correlated with more women compared to men. This is primarily due an enzyme that is necessary for fat storage in women. Lipase does have a secondary role in men, but due to lack of enzyme that evades most men, the observation appears to more prevalent in women.
Consequently, there has been considerable debate over the role that subcutaneous fat plays in loosing weight and an individual’s overall appearance. Based on (Abe, T., Sugita, M & Fukunaga T, 1997; Hickey et al, 1997) a study examined the role of exercise (anaerobic and aerobic) in women: Study results revealed that the cohort that exercised 3-4 days a week compared with those who exercised just 1-2 days lost more subcutaneous fat in a 13 week exercise and diet regimen.
Visceral fat also known as organ fat is located inside the peritoneal cavity. Peritoneal cavity is the serous membrane that invests viscera. It is comprised of parietal and visceral peritoneum. In other words, visceral fat is located between the organs and contributes to belly fat. Compared with subcutaneous fat which is found beneath the epidermis. Visceral fat is composed of several adipose depots which may contribute insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and coronary artery disease (NIH). Several studies have linked visceral fat to elevated triglycerides levels (Wirth et al, 1996). New methods are under review to appropriately measure visceral fat. One method that has gained traction is bioelectricity impedance method (Onda, T, 2006). Researchers in Japan believe that voltage which generated at the lateroabdominal area of the waste, will calculate visceral fat area more effectively. Clinical trials are still in progress, but researchers also hope that the device will address metabolic syndrome.
Considering that coronary artery disease is a condition that in which plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries and the plaque comprises fat, cholesterol and calcium that may lead atherosclerosis; visceral fat should get more attention. Furthermore, heart disease is the leading cause death in women 47.1% and 53% in men respectively (MMWR, 2008) with a cumulative cost at $500 billion (CDC) in 2005. These costs include health care expenditures, lost productivity, hospitalization costs for Medicare beneficiarie |
Ilan Samson's step by step analysis of 22 basic but common errors made in mathematics; why mistakes are made and how they can be avoided by a better understanding.
|KS3 Maths Framework|
Downloadable version of the entire Key Stage | Ilan Samson's step by step analysis of 22 basic but common errors made in mathematics; why mistakes are made and how they can be avoided by a better understanding.
|KS3 Maths Framework|
Downloadable version of the entire Key Stage 3 Mathematics Framework in pdf format.
The definitive guide to maths performers available to hire for your maths event.
Downloadable PDF files outlining the key objectives of the National Numeracy Strategy and providing teaching programmes and planning grids up to and including Key Stage 2 |
If you already know where in Ireland your ancestor farmed/resided or if you can find them in Griffith’s Valuation then you should examine the Landed Estates Court Rentals, to see if you can find out more about them. In this week | If you already know where in Ireland your ancestor farmed/resided or if you can find them in Griffith’s Valuation then you should examine the Landed Estates Court Rentals, to see if you can find out more about them. In this week’s Eneclann expert post Fiona gives a brief description of this source and its use to genealogists.
By the mid 19th Century many of the large Irish estates were in serious financial difficulty. Land owners found themselves legally obliged to pay out annuities and charges on their land, mainly to pay mortgages or ‘portions’ to family members contracted by marriage settlements and/or wills of previous generations. All of these payments had to be met, before the owner/ occupier could take an income from their estate.
By the time of the Famine, as prices for sale or rental of land plummeted, the monies that had to be paid out from the individual estates remained the same and many Irish estates became insolvent as debts exceeded earnings. However, the landowners could not sell their estates to discharge their debts, because the land was entailed. In 1848 and 1849, two Encumbered Estates Acts were passed to facilitate sale of these estates. Under the second act (12 & 13 Vict., c. 77) an Encumbered Estates Court was established, whereby the state took ownership of these properties and then sold them on with a parliamentary title, free from the threat of contested ownership.
Establishment of the Land Courts
The Encumbered Estates Court was established in 1849. In 1852 it was replaced by the Landed Estates Courts, which was itself superseded in 1877 by the Land Judges Court, part of the Chancery Division of the High Court. Although there were some differences in the powers of these courts, their principal function remained the same, to sell off insolvent estates.
The Land Courts system was the first significant step towards the break-up of the old estates in Ireland. From the genealogist’s perspective, the Rentals have an added value, because the estate records (rentals, maps, leases) that would have existed prior to these sales, no longer survive. This is because once the parliamentary grant to title was secured by purchase from the Land Courts there was no need to retain any of the documentation regarding previous land title.
What are the Rentals
The Rentals are effectively printed sale-catalogues, which were circulated to prospective purchasers in advance of the sale. They were compiled with the intention of attracting purchasers and of providing information on the estate in a clear and uniform manner. The Land Courts sold estates in every county in Ireland and the Rentals as a whole cover large parts of the country. The estates now sold included urban as well as rural property and many of the Rentals relate to houses and other buildings in villages, towns and cities. The information is printed and presented in a standard manner.
1. The title page in a Rental identifies the estate and gives the date and place of the sale.
2. This is usually followed by brief descriptive particulars of the estate and its situation, intended to bring in prospective buyers. Anyone who has read the property section of a newspaper will know what to expect in this section.
3. The descriptive particulars are generally followed by observations and conditions of sale. The information contained in this section has a limited use only, in that it serves to identify a landowner, and a place down to the townland, parish or barony.
To the genealogist th |
Topological insulators: Researchers map path to quantum electronic devicesMay 13th, 2012 in Physics / Condensed Matter
This is Stefano Curtarolo. Credit: Duke University Photography
A team of Duke University engineers has created | Topological insulators: Researchers map path to quantum electronic devicesMay 13th, 2012 in Physics / Condensed Matter
This is Stefano Curtarolo. Credit: Duke University Photography
A team of Duke University engineers has created a master "ingredient list" describing the properties of more than 2,000 compounds that might be combined to create the next generation of quantum electronics devices.
The goal is topological insulators (TI), man-made crystals that are able to conduct electrical current on their surfaces, while acting as insulators throughout the interior of the crystal. Discovering TIs has become of great interest to scientists, but because of the lack of a rational blueprint for creating them, researchers have had to rely on trial-and-error approaches, with limited success to date.
Because of their unique properties, TIs can be created that conduct electricity more efficiently while also being much smaller that conventional wires or devices. They are ideal candidates to become quantum electronics devices, the Duke researchers said.
The "key" developed by the Duke investigators is a mathematical formulation that unlocks the data stored in a database of potential TI ingredients. It provides specific recipes for searching for TIs with the desired properties.
In November, Stefano Curtarolo, professor of mechanical engineering and materials sciences and physics at Duke's Pratt School of Engineering and founder of the Duke's Center for Materials Genomics, and colleagues reported the establishment of a materials genome repository which allows scientists to stop using trial-and-error methods in the search for efficient alloys.
The project developed by the Duke engineers covers thousands of compounds, and provides detailed recipes for creating the most efficient combinations for a particular purpose, much like hardware stores mix different colors of paint to achieve the desired result. The project is the keystone of the newly formed Duke's Center for Materials Genomics.
"While extremely helpful and important, a database is intrinsically a sterile repository of information, without a soul and without life. We need to find the materials' 'genes,'" said Curtarolo. "We have developed what we call the 'topological descriptor,' that when applied to the database can provide the directions for producing crystals with desired properties."
While developing the key to this database, the team also discovered a new class of systems that could not have been anticipated without such a "genetic" approach.
The Duke research was reported online in the journal Nature Materials. The work was supported by the Office of Navy Research and the National Science Foundation.
The new descriptor developed by the Duke team basically can determine status of any specific combination of element under investigation. On one end of the spectrum, Curtarolo explained, is "fragile."
"We can rule those combinations out because, what good is a new type of crystal if it would be too difficult to grow, or if grown, would not likely survive?" Curtarolo said. A second group of combinations would be a middle group termed "feasible."
But what excites Curtarolo most are those combinations found to be "robust." These crystals are stable and can be easily and efficiently produced. Just as importantly, these crystals can be grown in different directions,which gives them the advantage o |
CORNELL RUEADING-COURSE NO. 2.
FOR FARMERS. DECEMBER, 1902.
BY L. H. BAILEY.
These questions constitute a-suplement to Reading Lesson No..
(ii Till | CORNELL RUEADING-COURSE NO. 2.
FOR FARMERS. DECEMBER, 1902.
BY L. H. BAILEY.
These questions constitute a-suplement to Reading Lesson No..
(ii Tillage and dafde*.-dainage: reasons why"). The purpose is
to induce the reader to think carefully about.what he reads. Answer
/ke questiousas besywo neaakd'returnf/kis skeet *t us (2'Wsn fs post-
age). We want these answers in order that we may know what inter-
est you are taking if the Reading- Coirse and how much good you are'
getting from it; and we want to help you when you do not under-
stand the problems involved. We are after results, and do not care
about the hand-writing nor the grammar., These answers are for
our own examination and are not to be made public. We should
be glad of any comments on these lessons.
It is hojedr- that readers, wuiJ,fowi 4hemselies into little clubs, to
meet once or twice a month to discuss the problems raised by ItK
Those who answer the questions will receivefuture lessons.
i. (a) What proportion of farmers in your. neighborhood
really study tillage questions? (b) What is your soil?
2. How is farming to be made to pay,-by getting higher
prices or by cheapening cost of production?
rPA. ^ -y7 --?
3. Do you expect permanently higher.priems for farmproduce?
4. Do you set a certain yield before your tnind when you are
preparing for a crop? Or do you expect to be content with what
,. An inch of rainfall weighs about x13 tons to the acre.
About 300 tons of water is required to produce one ton of dry
matter. Do you have rainfall enough in June, July and August
to, maintain a heavy crop of Indian corn or cabbage?
l a m e m o st
6.s Do.szSgace=-illage make soil moist, r.kee, ;it. moist?
*** explain fully.,.
7. Why does deep fall-plowing make soils "warm or
"early" in spring?
4-...-.
8. What proportion of farmers in your vicinity practice
9. How many of the farms need under-drainage?
zo. How deep and how far apart would you lay under-drains
1i. Do the farmers of your neighborhood have enough differ.
ent kinds of tools to enable them to till their land cheaply and
#A-wuii t ~9 ~
.1I2. How many different kinds of tillage tools should a man
have to farm it properly if he has ioo acres devoted to general
farming, of which half is clay and half sandy soil?
13. How often would you till a field of corn or potatoes?
J--^.i- y..e < W-<.- -
14. Why do you till your corn or potatoes? Are weeds the
leading problem in your mind?
N am e-........--. "..............................
Post Office........................
Return promptly to
College of Agriculture,
Ithaca, N. Y. |
Better Students Ask More Questions.
Match the definition to the following terms: A. Rhetoric ; B. Ethos; C. Pathos; D....
2 Answers | add yours
Middle School Teacher
An argument that appeals to emotion uses | Better Students Ask More Questions.
Match the definition to the following terms: A. Rhetoric ; B. Ethos; C. Pathos; D....
2 Answers | add yours
Middle School Teacher
An argument that appeals to emotion uses the mode of persuasion, or rhetorical device, known as Pathos. Pathos forms part of Aristotle's triangle of persuasion, which also includes Ethos and Logos. Practically every commercial or advertisement makes some use of at least one of these modes of persuasion, and many incorporate all three.
Pathos is Greek for "suffering or experience." In an argument based on pathos, the writer or speaker typically draws the audience in with an emotional appeal that evokes an equally emotional response, like fear, love, sympathy, or anger.
Posted by lentzk on June 17, 2012 at 4:14 PM (Answer #1)
match the definition to the following terms? A. Rhetoric ; B. Ethos; C. Pathos; D. Logos; E. Induction
1 An argument by appealing to authority.
2 An argument by appealing to emotion.
3 The act of writing to persuade
4 The act of arguing by way of logic.
5 a series specific observations lading to a general conclusion.
Poste |
FLOW-3D Helps Prove Da Vinci’s Casting Genius
In the late 15th century, upon the commission of Ludovico Sforza, the Duke of Milan, Leonardo Da Vinci spent 17 years devising a plan to | FLOW-3D Helps Prove Da Vinci’s Casting Genius
In the late 15th century, upon the commission of Ludovico Sforza, the Duke of Milan, Leonardo Da Vinci spent 17 years devising a plan to cast a 24-ft. tall bronze horse—the largest equestrian statue in the world—in a single pour. The horse, dubbed Il Cavallo, was never completed. After a full-scale clay model and necessary molds were prepared, French troops invaded Milan, forcing Ludovico to use the bronze earmarked for the immense statue to build cannons instead. Tragically, during the conflict, the molds were lost and Gascon archers from the victorious French troops used the massive model for target practice, reducing it to a mound of clay.
In the succeeding centuries, many said the horse would never have been successfully cast anyway. Engineering studies asserted that the casting was impossible because the amount of bronze used in the single pour would result in large pockets of gas and possibly, explosions in the melt.
Il Cavallo may yet have a happy ending. Using Da Vinci’s extensive notes on the project, the Institute and Museum of the History of Science (IMSS), located in Florence, Italy, where the great master apprenticed, worked with Flow Science's Italian representative, XC Engineering (Cantu), to study the feasibility of Da Vinci’s design. The results, publicized by the Discovery Channel and other media sites, proved once again the genius of Da Vinci.
Said Andrea Bernardoni, historian at IMSS:
The most amazing result, apart from the fact that both casting systems developed by Leonardo—vertical and horizontal—could work, is that the pouring of more than 70 tons of bronze would take three to four minutes. This result seems more incredible if we think to another famous casting described by Benvenuto Cellini. A smaller statue, his famous Perseus, seemed to take many hours.
Replicating the Past
Using Da Vinci’s notes on the casting of Il Cavallo, collected in a 34-page handbook, the IMSS and XC Engineering were able to demonstrate that Il Cavallo, often referred to as "the horse that never was," can be successfully cast as designed.
"At that time, engineers and artists were not used to writing down technological notes," Bernardoni said, "The notes are not a modern technological plan, but they were files written down to help him understand the best way to achieve his goal."
The only numerical information in Da Vinci's notes was the height of the horse—24 ft. (7.2 m). But the notes also provided drawings of the molds, ovens and casting system, as well as the posture of the horse. Da Vinci also detailed his intention to cast the bronze in a single pour without any steel reinforcement, and to make the two weight-bearing legs solid bronze. The mixture of earth used to make the molds and the furnace-opening sequence to cast the statue vertically in an upside-down position also were described in the notes.
Based on Da Vinci’s notes, IMSS built CAD models for the simulation of the casting process with FLOW-3D. "The dimensions of the runners, the external canals from furnace to runners and the bronze alloy were deducted from contextual sources, such as The Pirotechnia by V |
Engineering Munitions Handling - A U.S. Army Munitions Assessment System
All equipment and processes within the stainless steel modules were designed to accommodate the limitations of gloved and heavily garbed technicians.
Looking like astronauts on a Mars mission, three red | Engineering Munitions Handling - A U.S. Army Munitions Assessment System
All equipment and processes within the stainless steel modules were designed to accommodate the limitations of gloved and heavily garbed technicians.
Looking like astronauts on a Mars mission, three red-suited technicians enter the stainless steel chamber. Humpbacked with back-up oxygen tanks, the men connect to breathing air hoses. Then, with the precision of a surgical team, they begin to work in the compact confines of the chamber.
They raise the first drum with a mechanical lift, open the top, and gently slide out the one of several deadly recovered chemical weapons that they will handle today. These men, members of the U.S. Army Tech Escort Unit (TEU), are tasked to assess, unpack, and repackage recovered chemical munitions.
It was Bob McMorland’s job to make sure they could do this dangerous work safely. McMorland, of National Security’s Engineered Systems, is the project manager responsible for the design, engineering, prefabrication, assembly, and onsite acceptance testing of the Munitions Assessment System (MAS).
This one-of-a-kind, complex series of vapor confinement and support modules was created by the INEEL to assist the Army with assessment and eventual destruction of non-stockpile recovered chemical warfare materiel, some dating back to World War II.
Engineers in National Security have developed several mobile munitions assessment systems over the past years. TEU uses these truck and trailer or motorhome systems when responding to suspected chemical weapon materiel discoveries. Recently, these INEEL-developed systems were used to confirm that chemical munitions were included among numerous World War I relics that surfaced in suburban Washington D.C. But neither the Army nor the INEEL had ever designed a facility-based "production line" assessment system.
The MAS is designed to process drums containing multiple chemical munitions. A drum is delivered to the unpack/repackage room via an inlet airlock. Once inside, technicians open the drum and collect any packing material such as Vermiculite or sand, for disposal.
Each munition is extracted for examination and replaced into individual canisters.
TEU personnel will visually and physically examine each munition. They will seal leaks and decontaminate the casing if necessary and repack each into its own canister. Next, they place the munition into an outlet airlock where the canister is monitored for any external chemical agent contamination
The canister then proceeds to the next stages, X-ray and chemical assessment. The Munitions Assessment System includes several INEEL developed technologies. The digital radiography and computed tomography system will generate detailed X-rays and "CAT scans" of each munition and the portable isotopic neutron spectroscopy system, or PINS, will identify the chemical fill the munition may contain.
Finally, a data package is compiled on each munition before it is returned to a designated igloo to await destruction. For the safety of the soldier and protection of the environment, the Army must be certain of the contents and condition of each munition before it can be destroyed.
Technicians move the munition on a specially designed dolly to ensure safe movement.
The whole process, from start to finish, is monitored by TEU from a remote control room trailer. Within the unpack/pack room, and throughout the assessment process, video cameras scan the technicians as they gently cradle the munitions. Quiet comments and instructions flow back and forth through hands-free voice communications. It is in the control room that the final data assessment package is compiled for each munition.
System Requirements and Restrictions
McMorland faced some interesting requirements for the MAS - requirements not usually seen even within diverse National Security programs. For example, facility size was restricted by the width of highways and the height of overpasses. This system would be designed and prefabricated at the INEEL, then trucked to and assembled at its final destination. Hence, the series of modules.
Another interesting design restriction was that technicians working in the Munitions Assessment System would be fully encapsulated in personnel protection clothing, including three sets of gloves. All equipment and processes had to be designed to accommodate their bulky and limited movement. Knobs are big, tools are hung at eye level, and edges are smoothed.
The module is carefully loaded onto a trailer in preparation for its journey. The systems were designed to accommodate highway transportation restrictions. McMorland assembled a te |
Localities documented in Tropicos sources
South Korea (Asia)
Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.
| Localities documented in Tropicos sources
South Korea (Asia)
Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.
- Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2008. Fl |
Tipula varipennis Meigen
Picture: V. Pilipenko
This Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World (CCW) covers all 17638 genus-group and species-group taxa of the families Pediciidae, | Tipula varipennis Meigen
Picture: V. Pilipenko
This Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World (CCW) covers all 17638 genus-group and species-group taxa of the families Pediciidae, Limoniidae, Cylindrotomidae, and Tipulidae (Insecta, Diptera, Tipuloidea).
Its author is Pjotr Oosterbroek, staffmember of the former Zoological museum of the University of Amsterdam, associate staffmember of NCB-Naturalis, Leiden (see the Manual for contact information).
Apart from the standard taxonomic information (family, subfamily, genus, subgenus, species, subspecies, author, year, publication, synonyms, original genus, original spelling), the catalogue includes up to date information on the distribution of the species by countries and, for the larger countries (e.g., USA, China), provinces, states, or islands. For almost all information that differs from what is found in the regional printed catalogues the reference is given. The CCW furthermore includes reference to all relevant information and figures published by C.P. Alexander and others (see the Manual). |
Proteins that contribute to the overall structure of all coronaviruses are the spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N). In the specific case of SARS (see below), a defined | Proteins that contribute to the overall structure of all coronaviruses are the spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N). In the specific case of SARS (see below), a defined receptor-binding domain on S mediates the attachment of the virus to its cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Members of the group 2 coronaviruses also have a shorter spike-like protein called hemagglutinin esterase (HE) encoded in their genome, but for some reason this protein is not always brought to expression (produced) in the cell.
Coronaviruses primarily infect the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract of mammals and birds. Four to five different currently known strains of coronaviruses infect humans. The most publicized human coronavirus, SARS-CoV which causes SARS, has a unique pathogenesis because it causes both upper and lower respiratory tract infections and can also cause gastroenteritis. Coronaviruses are believed to cause a significant percentage of all common colds in human adults. Coronaviruses cause colds in humans primarily in the winter and early spring seasons. The significance and economic impact of coronaviruses as causative agents of the common cold are hard to assess because, unlike rhinoviruses (another common cold virus), human coronaviruses are difficult to grow in the laboratory.
Coronaviruses also cause a range of diseases in farm animals and domesticated pets, some of which can be serious and are a threat to the farming industry. Economically significant coronaviruses of farm animals include porcine coronavirus (transmissible gastroenteritis, TGE) and bovine coronavirus, which both result in diarrhea in young animals. Feline enteric coronavirus is a pathogen of minor clinical significance, but spontaneous mutation of this virus can result in feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a disease associated with high mortality. There are two types of canine coronavirus (CCoV), one that causes mild gastrointestinal disease and one that has been found to cause respiratory disease. Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is a coronavirus that causes an epidemic murine illness with high mortality, especially among colonies of laboratory mice. Prior to the discovery of SARS-CoV, MHV had been the best-studied coronavirus both in vivo and in vitro as well as at the molecular level. Some strains of MHV cause a progressive demyelinating encephalitis in mice which has been used as a murine model for multiple sclerosis. Significant research efforts have been focused on elucidating the viral pathogenesis of these animal coronaviruses, especially by virologists interested in veterinary and zoonotic diseases.
Replication of Coronavirus begins with entry to the cell takes place in the cytoplasm in a membrane-protected microenvironment, upon entry to the cell the virus particle is uncoated and the RNA genome is deposited into the cytoplasm. The Coronavirus genome has a 5’ methylated cap and a 3’polyadenylated-A tail to make it look as much like the host RNA as possible. This also allows the RNA to att |
Gang Homicide Study Highlights Need for Unique Prevention Strategies
Each year, gang-related conflict leads to numerous, preventable deaths of young people in some of the largest U.S. cities. However, there aren’t many surveillance systems that collect | Gang Homicide Study Highlights Need for Unique Prevention Strategies
Each year, gang-related conflict leads to numerous, preventable deaths of young people in some of the largest U.S. cities. However, there aren’t many surveillance systems that collect the kind of detailed data researchers need, in order to better understand what gang homicide prevention efforts would work best.
A new CDC study, Gang Homicides — Five U.S. Cities, 2003–2008, is the first to compare gang homicides to other types of homicide using city-level data from the CDC’s National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS). This report analyzed 2003-2008 data from large cities within 17 NVDRS states. Of those, five cities met the criteria for having high levels of gang homicide: Los Angeles, California; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Long Beach, California; Oakland, California; and Newark, New Jersey.
The study, which appears in the January 27, 2012 online edition of Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), found more than 90 percent of gang homicide victims were male, victims were more likely to be young, and 92-96 percent of gang homicides involved firearms. Findings also show gang homicides usually did not result from other crimes in progress or bystander deaths; instead, they involved youth responding to gang-related conflict.
Research conducted by CDC and others consistently finds that gang members are more likely than their peers to engage in crime, violence, and other forms of delinquency, which increases their risk of violence-related injuries. This report underscores the need to help youth learn how to diffuse and resolve conflict without resorting to violence and to prevent them from becoming involved in gangs in the first place.
To Learn More:
- CDC’s Youth Violence Prevention Work
- CDC’s National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS)
- STRYVE: Striving To Reduce Youth Violence Everywhere, which helps promote the use of youth violence prevention approaches that are based upon the best available evidence
- UNITY: Urban Networks Increasing Thriving Youth, which works with large urban centers to enhance their readiness for violence prevention, help organize their planning, and increase their capacity to address youth violence using a public health approach
- Academic Centers of Excellence: Sites work with communities to reduce youth violence
- Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
- Follow us on Facebook
Get email updates
To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address:
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC)
4770 Buford Hwy, NE
Atlanta, GA 30341-3717
TTY: (888) 232-6348
New Hours of Operation:
- Contact CDC-INFO |
Road Threatens Central America's Greatest Rainforest Wilderness
Panama's government is accelerating efforts to build a road through the Darien Gap - one of Central America's last great rainforest wildernesses. There will always be a somewhat reasonable excuse | Road Threatens Central America's Greatest Rainforest Wilderness
Panama's government is accelerating efforts to build a road through the Darien Gap - one of Central America's last great rainforest wildernesses. There will always be a somewhat reasonable excuse to wipe out the Earth's last rainforests and other vital ecosystems. Money can almost always be made for a select few by liquidating natural ecosystems. At some point destroying terrestrial, oceanic, atmospheric and hydrological ecosystems leads to ecological collapse. It is only after a critical threshold has been reached - such as has happened in the Philippines, Indonesia and elsewhere - that the land, water and air can no longer support affluent life for more than a few. Perhaps the Darien gap can be destroyed and the ecosystems of the region remain intact. Or maybe it is the proverbial straw that will break the ecosystem's back, leading to climate change, drought, more deforestation and lack of other critical services provided to humanity by intact rainforests. The well-being of future generations of Panamanians is best served by keeping the Darien gap natural, and stopping road construction. |
The news from CERN was stunning: the European nuclear science laboratory had just discovered (September 2011) that particles known as neutrinos — called so because they are neutral and carry no charge — habitually travel a little bit faster than light | The news from CERN was stunning: the European nuclear science laboratory had just discovered (September 2011) that particles known as neutrinos — called so because they are neutral and carry no charge — habitually travel a little bit faster than light. This threatened to shake the very foundations of Einstein’s theory of relativity, which had laid the basis for the atomic bomb, nuclear energy, and most of modern day physics. Relativity theory starts from the postulate that the speed of light is the absolute maximum that anything can travel at.
Pakistanis are generally unmoved by developments in the world of science. But this time the excitement was palpable. A TV channel called me up, requesting an interview. Fine, I said, specifying the time when I would be available. The producer was profoundly apologetic: this was exactly when they would be interviewing Dr Zakir Naik, an Islamic scholar who frequently pontificates on issues of science and religion. Would I therefore please give another time? Since the good doctor’s claim to fame is his understanding of religious texts rather than of physics, I declined and do not know what transpired subsequently.
Speed of light issues have often moved sections of religious people in rather strange ways. Way back in 1973, as a young physics lecturer at Quaid-i-Azam University, I had been fascinated by the calculation done by the head of our department. Seeking the grand synthesis of science and faith, this pious gentleman — who left on his final journey last month — had published calculations that proved Heaven (jannat) was running away from Earth at one centimeter per second less than the speed of light. His reasoning centred around a particular verse of the Holy Quran that states worship on the night of Lailat-ul-Qadr (Night of Revelation) is equivalent to a thousand nights of ordinary worship. Indeed, if you input the factor of 1,000 into Einstein’s famous formula for time dilatation, this yields a number: one centimeter per second less than the speed of light!
These days the internet groans under the weight of claims that the Holy Quran had specified the speed of light 1400 years ago. Dr Mansour Hassab El Naby, said to be a physicist from Egypt, announces that according to his Quranic calculations, this speed is 299,792.5 kilometres per second. He even gives error bars! Another video gives a still more prec |
If you download this publication you may also be interested in these:
Forest cover, use and dietary intake in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania
Food insecurity and malnutrition in local populations both result from and drive deforestation. This paper examines | If you download this publication you may also be interested in these:
Forest cover, use and dietary intake in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania
Food insecurity and malnutrition in local populations both result from and drive deforestation. This paper examines the relationships between diet of local people and measures of forest cover and use in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. Data on dietary diversity and intake were collected for 270 children and their mothers. Area of tree cover within the vicinity of each household was examined in relation to forest use and diet. Individuals using foods from forest and other non-farm land had higher dietary diversity, consumed more animal source foods and had more nutrient dense diets. They also had more tree cover in a close proximity to the home, suggesting a relationship between tree cover and forest food use. Households reporting trips to the forest had lower area of tree cover within close proximity, suggesting that land close to the home with tree cover such as agroforest and fallow is important for obtaining subsistence products. Although historically there has been little motivation for local people to participate in forest conservation in the East Usambaras, the maintenance of tree cover in the landscape around the home, especially on agricultural and village land, may be important in ensuring continued access to the health benefits potentially available in wild and forest foods. |
My current goal is to generate mountain ranges that are interesting and do not always end up in the middle of the land mass which seems to happen in many world generators I have seen. The mountains in the center of the land mass works nicely for islands | My current goal is to generate mountain ranges that are interesting and do not always end up in the middle of the land mass which seems to happen in many world generators I have seen. The mountains in the center of the land mass works nicely for islands but does not make much sense for continents. The results of this first experiment are not very good but I will describe the process anyways.
- Generate a voronoi diagram (A) based off of 32 randomly selected points.
- Make the voronoi diagram (A) “noisy”.
- Select all points that are on the border of a segment.
- Use the selected points to create another voronoi diagram (B) based where each cell has a value equal to the distance to the nearest border point.
- Generate 2 FBM noise patterns (C) and (D). |
A survey shows Israelis have chosen the eucalyptus as the most Israeli tree, Yedioth Ahronoth reported on Sunday, despite the fact that the tree is native to Australia and not the Middle East.
In honor of the Hebrew | A survey shows Israelis have chosen the eucalyptus as the most Israeli tree, Yedioth Ahronoth reported on Sunday, despite the fact that the tree is native to Australia and not the Middle East.
In honor of the Hebrew analog to Arbor Day, Tu Bishvat, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development conducted a survey to find out which tree is considered the most Israeli. Participants were presented a list of 13 trees and asked to choose the one they thought best represented Israel.
The most Israeli trees: eucalyptus, olive, oak, cypress and pine
Both the olive tree and the oak tree received 10 percent of the votes, tying for second place, while 19% voted for the eucalyptus, earning the Australian native its new title, “most Israeli tree.” The cypress tree came in fourth place, and the stone pine rounded off the top five.
Responding to the survey, 54% of those asked said mature trees need to be preserved in developed areas. However, 65% did not know it was illegal to cut down mature trees without approval from the Forest Commissioner.
Orit Noked, the minister of Agriculture and Rural Development, told Yedioth she was happy with the overall result of the survey, though there was room for improvement regarding awareness of the ban on cutting down trees.
Tu Bishvat will be celebrated on Wednesday. This Jewish holiday honors nature, and it is traditionally marked in Israel by planting trees. |
The Natural Sciences examination contains 120 questions to be answered in 90 minutes.
The content of the questions emphasizes the knowledge and application of the basic principles and concepts of science, the comprehension of scientific information, and the understanding of issues of science in | The Natural Sciences examination contains 120 questions to be answered in 90 minutes.
The content of the questions emphasizes the knowledge and application of the basic principles and concepts of science, the comprehension of scientific information, and the understanding of issues of science in contemporary society.
Students should consider taking the exam if they can demonstrate the following abilities:
CLEP computer-based (CBT) exams are scored without a penalty for incorrect guessing. The raw score--the number of correct responses--is translated into a scaled score. The scaled scores for CLEP CBT are reported in a range from 20 to 80.
At Ferris, candidates taking the Natural Sciences exam earn credit for a score of 50 or higher.
Course(s) and Credits
Credits apply to 100-level courses only. Credits will not meet the lab class component of the general education requirement. |
Your young historian can explore the Mohawk tribe. This Native American group played an important role in American history.
Your young historian will learn about the Iroquois League with this worksheet. He'll learn some important U.S. history as he | Your young historian can explore the Mohawk tribe. This Native American group played an important role in American history.
Your young historian will learn about the Iroquois League with this worksheet. He'll learn some important U.S. history as he practices his reading.
Your budding historian can learn about the Navajo, the largest Native American tribe, with this worksheet.
The Apache tribe of Native Americans helped shape the Southwest. Your young learner can read all about them in this history worksheet.
Travel back in time to discover the Cheyenne tribe. Young readers will learn all about Native American history with this worksheet.
Ride the range with the Comanche culture in this worksheet about the history of Native American tribes.
The Shoshone were an important Native American tribe. Your little historian will learn about the culture and history of this tribe.
Discover the history of the Seminole tribe with this worksheet! This tribe, originally from Florida, has a rich culture.
Ride along with the Lakota tribe with this history worksheet. These Native Americans were part of the horse culture of the Dakotas.
The Nez Perce is a Native American tribe in the Northwest U.S. This worksheet will hep your little learner to explore Native American history and culture. |
Like most vitamins, vitamin D may be obtained in the recommended amount with a well-balanced diet, including some enriched or fortified foods. In addition, the body manufactures vitamin D when exposed to sunshine, and it is recommended people get 10 to | Like most vitamins, vitamin D may be obtained in the recommended amount with a well-balanced diet, including some enriched or fortified foods. In addition, the body manufactures vitamin D when exposed to sunshine, and it is recommended people get 10 to 15 minutes of sunshine 3 times a week.
Review Date: 2/18/2013 Reviewed By: Alison Evert, MS, RD, CDE, Nutritionist, University of Washington Medical Center Diabetes Care Center, Seattle, Washington. Also reviewed by A.D.A.M. Health Solutions, Ebix, Inc., Editorial Team: David Zieve, MD, MHA, David R. Eltz, Stephanie Slon, and Nissi Wang. |
Desert locusts are known to travel great distances, experiencing substantial mechanical stress along the way, however little is understood about their wings ability to resist damage during these long flights. Using a tensile test machine, Trinity College researchers Dr. Dir | Desert locusts are known to travel great distances, experiencing substantial mechanical stress along the way, however little is understood about their wings ability to resist damage during these long flights. Using a tensile test machine, Trinity College researchers Dr. Dirks and Dr. Taylor investigated the toughness of these insect’s extremely thin wings, specifically looking into the function of the network of veins running through the wing membrane, shown in Figure 1 above, as barriers to crack propagation. As the title, “Veins Improve Fracture Toughness of Insect Wings” suggests, the study found these veins increased the effective structural toughness of the wing significantly, causing cracks to slow or stop and helps explain how the insects manage to withstand damage incurred over long flights. Check out Video 1 of the article to see the veins impede cracks.
Dirks J-H, Taylor D (2012) Veins Improve Fracture Toughness of Insect Wings. PLoS ONE 7(8): e43411. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043411
The The Advantage of Veins by PLOS Blogs Network, unless otherwise expressly stated, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. |
Diabetes and HIV/AIDS
Table of Contents
Diabetes and pre-diabetes are serious conditions in which people have high levels of sugar or glucose in their blood. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), almost 26 | Diabetes and HIV/AIDS
Table of Contents
Diabetes and pre-diabetes are serious conditions in which people have high levels of sugar or glucose in their blood. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), almost 26 million Americans have diabetes and at least 79 million adults over 20 have pre-diabetes. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that, in 2008, 1.3 million people died from diabetes and almost one in ten people worldwide were diabetic.
Glucose is a type of sugar that is used as fuel by the body. When you eat, your body converts food into glucose. The glucose then goes into your bloodstream and is carried throughout the body to provide energy to all of your cells. In order for glucose to move from your bloodstream into your cells, you need insulin. Insulin carries the glucose, or sugar, in your bloodstream into your cells. Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas.
If your body has a problem making or using insulin, the glucose in your bloodstream cannot get into your cells. As a result, glucose stays in the blood (high blood sugar) and the cells do not get enough. A diagnosis of pre-diabetes or diabetes is made when glucose stays at higher than normal levels (also called hyperglycemia).
There are several types of diabetes:
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Metabolic syndrome is not a type of diabetes, but a cluster, or group of conditions usually associated with being overweight or obese. This group of traits puts people at risk for heart disease and type 2 diabetes. A person has metabolic syndrome if they have three of the following five traits:
Symptoms of diabetes include:
Symptoms typically occur when glucose levels have gotten very high. If you are diagnosed while diabetes is in its early stages, you may not have any symptoms.
Since there are not always obvious symptoms of diabetes, it is important to have regular lab tests to check if your blood sugar or glucose levels are high. The most common glucose tests are:
To find out if you have diabetes or pre-diabetes, it is generally recommended that you have a fasting glucose test. A glucose tolerance test may be ordered to help diagnose diabetes and as a follow-up to a high fasting glucose level.
A diagnosis of diabetes can be made based on any of the following test results, confirmed by retesting on a different day:
Anyone can get diabetes. However, certain factors may increase your risk, such as:
This article was provided by The Well Project. Visit The Well Project's Web site to learn more about their resources and initiatives for women living with HIV. The Well Project shares its content with TheBody.com to ensure all people have access to the highest quality treatment information available. The Well Project re |
Public-health officials around the world have been alerted to be on the lookout for a new respiratory disease caused by a previously unknown coronavirus. This has raised fears that “the next SARS” has arrived.
So far, only two people, a | Public-health officials around the world have been alerted to be on the lookout for a new respiratory disease caused by a previously unknown coronavirus. This has raised fears that “the next SARS” has arrived.
So far, only two people, a 60-year-old man from Saudi Arabia and a 49-year-old man from Qatar who recently visited Saudi Arabia, are known to have been infected. The former died and the latter is recovering in a London hospital. So why is this pathogen getting so much attention?
What is this new virus?
It is a coronavirus, in the same family as the common cold and SARS (sudden acute respiratory syndrome). It does not yet have an official name, but British scientists have dubbed it “London1_novel CoV2012.”
Why the concern if only two people have been infected?
When a novel pathogen arises – one that hasn’t been seen in humans before – there is very little natural immunity, which means that, theoretically at least, it could spread very rapidly. Coronaviruses like this one attack the lungs, causing fever, cough and breathing difficulties.
Where did the new virus come from?
The source of the virus has not yet been identified. It could be an existing, innocuous coronavirus that mutated to become more dangerous or could have jumped from another species. London1_novel CoV2012 is genetically similar to bat coronaviruses, suggesting that it may have jumped to humans from bats. SARS was originally believed to have jumped from civets to humans in China, but there is some evidence it originated in bats.
How does this disease spread?
Coronaviruses generally spread in droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. In this case, however, there is no evidence that the virus can spread from human to human. The two men who have been identified with the disease seem to have contracted it separately, months apart.
Is this ‘the next SARS’?
Despite the newspaper headlines, Gregory Hartl, spokesman for the World Health Organization, is pretty categorical: “This is not SARS, it will not become SARS, it is not SARS-like.”
But the WHO is monitoring the new pathogen carefully, he added, because of the lesson learned from SARS, that a new coronavirus can spread quickly and be deadly. There are also fears the virus could mutate and spread more easily.
In fact, even before SARS hit, there were predictions that the next pandemic would be caused by a coronavirus. That is because coronaviruses evolve quickly and can jump species more readily than other viruses.
Is it dangerous to travel to Saudi Arabia?
This is a key question because the Hajj, the annual pilgrimage that attracts millions of Muslims to Mecca, is fast approaching. So far, however, there are no travel restrictions and will likely not be any because there is no evidence of human-to-human spread.
Should we be worried in Canada?
In short, no. “If you’re going to lose sleep over a virus, then worry about the seasonal flu,” says Allison McGeer, professor in the department of laboratory medicine and pathobiology and in the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto. “My advice is: Get a flu vaccine.”
Whatever happened to SARS?
SARS caused a global panic in 2002-03, killing 774 people (including 44 in Canada) and sickening another 8,000. But public-health officials were able to contain its spread and treat the infected. Essentially, SARS has been eradicated even though a vaccine was never developed. |
- About UHD
- Distance Education
- Financial Aid
- Student Life
Most library databases and Internet search engines require the use of keywords, short words or phrases that represent topics you want to find in your results. By making yourself familiar | - About UHD
- Distance Education
- Financial Aid
- Student Life
Most library databases and Internet search engines require the use of keywords, short words or phrases that represent topics you want to find in your results. By making yourself familiar with a few simple concepts, you can improve the quality of those results.
Think of the questions that you need to answer, then identify the most important words or concepts from your questions. Do not include articles, such as “a” or “an”, or prepositions, such as “with”, “in”, or “on”. For example, if you were researching drug testing of Olympic athletes your most important concepts might be:
Then think of synonyms for your words, other words that have the same meaning. For example:
By thinking of different words that can be used to describe your subject you will increase your chances of finding information.
All of these words are your keywords.
When you search the library catalog to find books on your topic, or when you search a database to find articles, search using different combinations of your keywords. For example, you might try the following combinations:
You can also use the words AND and OR to combine keywords in complex searches:
Back to: Research & Writing Tips
W.I. Dykes Library • University of Houston-Downtown
One Main Street • Houston, Texas 77002
Information 713-221-8187 • Circulation 713-221-8186
Page maintained by UHD Library Webmaster
Last updated or reviewed on 4/2/10 |
A single copy of this article may be reprinted for personal, noncommercial use only.
Fecal occult blood testBy Mayo Clinic staff
Original Article: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/fecal-occult-blood-test | A single copy of this article may be reprinted for personal, noncommercial use only.
Fecal occult blood testBy Mayo Clinic staff
Original Article: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/fecal-occult-blood-test/MY00620
The fecal occult blood test — also known as FOBT — is a lab test used to check stool samples for hidden (occult) blood.
Occult blood in the stool may indicate colon cancer or polyps in the colon or rectum — though not all cancers or polyps bleed. Typically, occult blood is passed in such small amounts that it can be detected only through the chemicals used in a fecal occult blood test.
If blood is detected through a fecal occult blood test, additional tests may be needed to determine the source |
A wayside shrine is a religious image, usually in some sort of small shelter, placed by a road or pathway, sometimes in a settlement or at a crossroads, but often in the middle of an empty stretch of country road, or at | A wayside shrine is a religious image, usually in some sort of small shelter, placed by a road or pathway, sometimes in a settlement or at a crossroads, but often in the middle of an empty stretch of country road, or at the top of a hill or mountain. They have been a feature of many cultures, including Catholic Europe. Shrines are common in Poland, Austria, Southern Germany, Slovenia, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.
The origins of wayside shrines
Wayside shrines were often erected to honor the memory of the victim of an accident, which explains their prevalence near roads and paths; in Carinthia, for example, they often stand at crossroads. Some commemorate a specific incident near the place; either a death in an accident or escape from harm. Other icons commemorate the victims of the plague. The very grand medieval English Eleanor crosses were erected by her husband to commemorate the nightly resting places of the journey made by the body of Queen Eleanor of Castile as it returned to London in the 1290s. Some make it clear by an inscription or notice that a specific dead person is commemorated, but most do not.
Wayside shrines were also erected along old pilgrim routes, such as the Via Sacra that leads from Vienna to Mariazell. Some mark parish or other boundaries, such as the edge or a landholding, or have a function as convenient markers for travelers to find their way. Shrines and calvaries are furthermore frequently noted on maps and therefore represent important orientation aids.
The pre-Christian cultures of Europe had similar shrines of various types; many runestones may have fallen into this category, though they are often in the nature of a memorial to a dead person. Few Christian shrines survive in predominantly Protestant countries, but they remain common in many parts of Catholic and Orthodox Europe, often being repaired or replaced as they fall into disrepair, and relocated as roads are moved or widened. The most common subjects are a plain cross or a crucifix, or an image of the Virgin Mary, but saints or other scenes may also be shown. The surviving large stone high crosses of Celtic Christianity, and the related stone Anglo-Saxon crosses (mostly damaged or destroyed after the Protestant Reformation) are sometimes outside churches, but often not, and these may have functioned as preaching crosses, or in some cases just been wayside shrines. The calvaires of Brittany in France, are especia |
MOUNT ST. HELENS NATIONAL MONUMENT, Wash. - Mount St. Helens exhaled a spectacular roiling cloud of steam and ash Tuesday, sprinkling grit on a small town some 25 miles away.
Send to a friend | MOUNT ST. HELENS NATIONAL MONUMENT, Wash. - Mount St. Helens exhaled a spectacular roiling cloud of steam and ash Tuesday, sprinkling grit on a small town some 25 miles away.
Send to a friend
Subscribe to the Banner-Herald
E-mail the Editor
Discuss in Forums
The volcano has been venting steam and small amounts of ash daily since Friday, but Tuesday morning's burst was the largest, producing a billowing, dark gray cloud that rose thousands of feet above the 8,364-foot-high rim of the crater and streamed to the northeast.
For days, scientists have been warning that the volcano could blow at any moment with enough force to endanger lives and property. But geologists said Tuesday a more likely scenario was weeks or months of smaller-scale venting, with the possibility lava could enlarge the dome within the mountain's gaping crater.
"There's not necessarily going to be a big one," said Jake Lowenstern, a U.S. Geological Survey volcanologist.
Scientists have said all along there was little chance of a repeat of the cataclysmic 1980 eruption that killed 57 people and coated much of the Northwest with ash.
The town of Randle, with a population of about 2,000, kept students with asthma inside Tuesday after getting a light dusting of ash.
Officials of sparsely populated Skamania County were concerned that the ash might harm hunters in the area for elk season.
Officials at the Coldwater Ridge Visitors Center, 8 1/2 miles north of the mountain, told the several dozen people at the center's parking lot n |
Guidelines for refrigerating and freezing home-baked and home-cooked products.
Keep in mind that these are general guidelines only; specific instructions in individual recipes may vary.
Letting your freezer in an organized way will maintain the quality of your food | Guidelines for refrigerating and freezing home-baked and home-cooked products.
Keep in mind that these are general guidelines only; specific instructions in individual recipes may vary.
Letting your freezer in an organized way will maintain the quality of your food and put meals close at hand. Here's the best way to arrange and pack foods in the freezer. It's essential to pack your food properly before you put it in the freezer. Match the food with the right size freezer container so there's no waste to the air space. And you stack little storage containers so they fit neatly inside the freezer and with small freezers, double check that your containers will fit. Some pizza boxes and containers are too big. Freezer-safe containers and glass jars should be packed within 1/2 inch of the rim to allow for expansion when frozen. Freezer bags should be packed in the [unk]. Squeeze the air out before sealing them to prevent freezer burn. Let hot food cool before sealing the back and stashing it in the freezer. If you pack liquids like soups or stews in a freezer bag place them first by placing them on the cookie sheet. Then stand the flat bags up right in the freezer so they take up less room. Use freezer labels to know the date and contents of every bag and container. Put the label on a spot that will face towards the door when the container is in the freezer. Once the food is packaged, you're ready to load everything into the freezer. Sort items by, storing meat in one area, fruit in another, pasta in another and so on. Keep foods away from the vent in the back wall that will let cold area circulate more freely. Place the freshest food in the back and the older food toward the front that way use the items that have been frozen longest first. The freezer door doesn't get as cold as the interior so save this space for items you'll use up quickly like ice cream, coffee beans and cans of juice concentrate. You can also put cold packs here or anything unlikely to go rancid. Freezers perform best when they are tightly packed. Fill extra room with bags of ice, bottled water or with ice packs for coolers and lunch bags. These items will cut down on a freezer's energy use and they also keep food cool in case of a power failure. |
This story was inscribed on clay tablets at around 1750 BCE. The famous story of the goddess' descent into the netherworld, provides us with a testimony as to an early religion in which the goddess, woman, life and love | This story was inscribed on clay tablets at around 1750 BCE. The famous story of the goddess' descent into the netherworld, provides us with a testimony as to an early religion in which the goddess, woman, life and love was the center and the heart of religion.
The onset of the lean season after the harvest, however brings out the fierce dark side of the goddess of death and destruction. It is celebrated by the entry of Inanna to the underworld, where she enters seven gates and her worldly attire (her signs of dominion and power) are removed ( I see some relation to the dance of the seven veils here, but not the striptease kind of thing :-) and then her life is reduced to nought. Inanna decides to experience the dark side her elder sister Ereshkigal knows as Queen of the Underworld in the death rites of the Sacred Bull of Heaven, Gugalanna, thus disguising her formal purpose of discovery in the formal act of witnessing the death rites of another.
Returning from the underworld, accompanied by demons who must have a mortal in compensation, she fixes the eye of death on her absent-minded partner who is engrossed in affairs of state, and he is chased by the demons of hell, losing his possessions, his genitals and his life. Inanna afterwards laments her actions and searches for him and ensures his resurrection so that he can be brought back for six months of the year to ensure the fertility of both the womb and the soil. Seasonal male sacrifice of the "king" reverberates through the goddesses from Greece to India and over much of Africa including Cybele, Hecate and Kali. In the Sumerian view, the purpose of human life was merely to provide sustenance for the deities.
"From the Great Above she opened her ear to the Great
From the Great Above the goddess opened her ear to the Great Below.
From the Great Above Inanna opened her ear to the Great Below.
My Lady abandoned heaven and earth to descend to the
Inanna abandoned heaven and earth to descend to the underworld.
She abandoned her office of holy priestess to descend to the underworld....
If I do not return,
Set up a lament for me by the ruins.
Beat the drum for me in the assembly places.
Circle the houses of the gods.
Tear at your eyes, at your |
ZEG's electric bike recall--because of unsuitable connectors--will not be alone. True: IEC plugs (AC power plugs) are common for e-bikes in China, but illegal in Europe. Why? And what will ExtraEnergy | ZEG's electric bike recall--because of unsuitable connectors--will not be alone. True: IEC plugs (AC power plugs) are common for e-bikes in China, but illegal in Europe. Why? And what will ExtraEnergy do about estimated 100,000 electric bikes in Europe using unsuitable plugs?
With an IEC plug nothing can go wrong. Oh yes it can! That is, with electric bicycles. At least if a "normal" power cord, as we know if from computers and other household appliances, can accidentally be switched with the battery charging cable. Why? Because of identical plugs. IEC [International Electrotechnical Commission] connectors are also known as "kettle lead", or "IBM plug" (hereafter they will be referred to as the IEC plugs.) Commercial household cables are designed for much higher voltages than charging cables for electric bikes. Therefore, confusing the cables can cause danger and damage on electric bikes.
This is a hot topic with many manufacturers and importers getting cold feet now. IEC plugs are very common for e-bikes in China. This, however, does not mean that they are legal in Europe. Nevertheless, there are estimated 80-100 pedelec and e-bike models sold in Europe, which use such power plugs. And although ZEG recently recalled 4 Pegasus models to change the plugs, Carrefour, in France, is bringing just this kind of product on the market. ExtraEnergy wants to protect consumers and will take further action. In Europe it is expected that around 100,000 electric bikes will need to be recalled.
Where is the problem?
We know about IEC plugs from the household: from kettles, computers, toasters and many other devices in daily life. These operate on between 110-240 volts. Most electric bikes on the other hand, have a voltage of 24 or 36 volts. If the commercial electrical cable fits on an electric bike as well, it can easily be confused with the supplied charger cable. In case the components are used according to instructions and with the supplied cable, an IEC plug is not dangerous on an electric bike, nothing happens. When cables, which are designed for different voltages, are confused with one another, however, a defect can be expected. At best, the backup will be triggered. But it can also lead to fire, smoke or an explosion. Also the whole bike can suddenly be electrically charged.
Because of possible confusion, the IEC plug may cause danger for the consumer of an electric bike. For this reason, legislature does not allow IEC plugs to be used as they are being used with electric bikes. With the CE mark, which is mandatory for products sold in the EU, the manufacturer commits to uphold all applicable laws.
Unfortunately, with many products imported mainly from China, this is not the case. In China the IEC plug is very common, almost a standard for e-bikes. And it is cheaply produced. More and more products are simply imported without European laws and basic safety measures being upheld.
Confusion is not only possible with the IEC plug, but also with XLR connectors. XLR connectors are used primarily with three prong couplers for professional recording studios, with sound field microphones and speaker cables, but also for electric bikes. This plug was most likely the cause of a house fire from an e-bike customer in Switzerland; it is reported that he accidentally switched an XLR connector to charge batteries.
The documentation by Hannes Neupert (PDF download, 884KB) illustrates the plug problem in pictures (and German comments).
ZEG recalls Pegasus models
In November 2008, ZEG recalled 4 models of their own electric bicycle brand Pegasus. The reason: The affected models - Electra 1, Electra 2, E-Bike 1 and E-Bike 2 - are or were equipped with IEC plugs. The press release of November 14, 2008, states that it could cause a "not undangerous malfunction" if a commercially available electric cable was used in place of the supplied charger cable. "Still nothing has happened", the the ZEG board has reported. It was a "purely precautionary measure". Buyers of the bikes were asked to bring their bikes to a local ZEG dealer, where the problem could be fixed with a small modification.
Press Release: ZEG Recall (PDF download, 60KB, German)
Products must meet safety standards
The Department for technical work safety and product safety of the regional government of Cologne pointed out that pedelecs must meet regulations for the road and also the requirements of the Equipment |
Steam Engine Efficiency
Start with definition of terms. Here is a chart showing relationships of various efficiency standards for a steam engine: (source:, Chapter 10. There are some compounds over 26% overall efficiency and some singles running over 14 | Steam Engine Efficiency
Start with definition of terms. Here is a chart showing relationships of various efficiency standards for a steam engine: (source:, Chapter 10. There are some compounds over 26% overall efficiency and some singles running over 14%. Reportedly, 20% efficiency was obtained (another reference), but it had very low cutoff ratio and couldn't tolerate load changes. That is where the electronic steam valve comes in to achieve this.)
The same reference has these typical Rankine cycle ratios for engines of different types:
Steam Engine Efficiency Predictions for the Factor e Farm Solar Power Generator
The missing link to date on the Factor e Farm solar power generator is the heat engine. Our goal is to develop a steam engine with Milestone 1 thermal efficiency of 17%, and Milestone 2 efficiency of 26%. The latter involves the use of electronic valving for total control of steam injection. Steam injection timing is called the cutoff ratio. As an analogy, this is comparable to electronic fuel injection in internal combustion engines.
Efficiency Predictions of Steam Engine
The basic efficiency of a heat engine is governed by the Carnot Cycle. For our case, we will operate at 650 K (377C, or 710F), the practical upper bound due to blackbody radiation losses for our case.
This is the practical upper limit:
For our case, we take Carnot efficiency = (650K - 363K)/650K = 44%
for the case of going from 377C to 90C. The Rankine cycle ratio of.4 is proven for simple steam engines - so our worst case efficiency scenario is 17.6%. If we subtract 10% from this for mechanical efficiency losses - then we obtain about 16% efficiency. With steam injection electronic valving, we can approach the triple-expansion engine efficiency -.6 Rankine cycle ratio - or steam engines with 26.4% thermal efficiency. Cylinder insulation should cover cylinder heat loss, and perfect control of steam injection should allow for near-complete extraction of usable energy from steam.
As the last step, we have a 95% efficienct generator, for a total of about 15% efficiency for the steam - electrical cycle.
Overall Efficiency of Solar Generator
We have shown in Solar_Collector_Losses_Summary that the solar collector/boiler efficiency is 47%. We multiply this by 16% efficiency of the steam engine cycle - and obtain an overall system efficiency of 7.5%. This will give us 3.6 kW of power as milestone that reaches the $1/watt materials cost prediction.
Comparison to Others
- The Solar One power tower showed an overall 14% efficiency.
- The Nevada Solar One parabolic trough system showed an overall efficiency of 6.5% and a cost of $3.9 per watt.
- Others - here
- The most relevant for our work is the Shenandoah steam power plant, with cycle efficiency of 17%, or 40% of Carnot efficiency.
- Ausra compact linear Fresnel reflectors showed up to at 69 bar and 285C - peak 39% overall efficiency from sun to electricity. See First Results from Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector Installation, by D.R. Mills et al - downloadable here
- Paper shows over 300 kW obtained from about 1350 kW of solar intercept
- Note: carnot efficiency here = (658K-348K)/658K = 47%. Ausra is operating with near perfect reflection and near zero thermal losses.
- Ausra results are spectacular, and Ausra made a claim that it could power the entire USA
Relevance to Factor e Farm Prototype
By utilizing the same strategy of compact linear fresnel reflectors and similar operating temperatures, we are aiming to achieve an efficiency about 1/5 that of Ausra, while still making the economics work out.
Power towers are likely to be more expensive because each heliostat must be supported and controlled individually. Solar troughs don't produce sufficient concentration to gain the advantages of CLFR arrays. |
/** mideast.gulf: 56.0 **/
** Topic: Women's Rights in Iran **
** Written 9:22 AM Sep 5, 1995 by [email protected] in cdp:mideast.gulf **
| /** mideast.gulf: 56.0 **/
** Topic: Women's Rights in Iran **
** Written 9:22 AM Sep 5, 1995 by [email protected] in cdp:mideast.gulf **
From: Hossein Bagher Zadeh <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 5 Sep 95 17:22:14 BST
The Iranian Human Rights Working Group takes the opportunity provided by the UN's Fourth World Conference on Women to draw the world's attention to the plight of Iranian women.
The Iranian women have traditionally been deprived of many of their basic human rights and have suffered from both male centered ideologies that treat women as irrational, child-like and immature, and from widespread discrimination policies which affect their lives from birth to death. However, since the establishment of the Islamic Republic in 1979, their lot has become much worse and the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran has successfully implemented a gross policy of unequal treatment of Iranian women under the law.
From early childhood, girls are discouraged or prevented from venturing into fields and activities which are deemed "masculine'', be it in sport, recreation or education. The policy of enforced hejab (veil) and segregation is used to limit their access to the state's scarce education and recreation facilities and to institutionalize their confinement to the limited career and life opportunities available to them. The same policy follows them into adulthood and facilitates the objective of turning them into second class citizens of the society.
As they grow up, girls are driven more and more into a world dominated and manipulated by their male relatives. They can be given away in legal marriage without their knowledge or consent while still in their childhood. The process, in effect, paves the way for marrying off underaged girls in return for financial gains.
As adults, women suffer a catalogue of discriminatory laws affecting all aspects of their lives. To begin with, they have to follow a very strict and restrictive set of dress codes. They are deprived and banned from sharing many public resources with their male counterparts -- effectively reducing their access to these stretched and scarce resources. They are barred from certain careers, notably in the judiciary and many public offices. They are discriminated against in inheritance, giving them at most half of the share of their male counterparts.
The law of Hodud and Qesas (the law of talion and physical punishments) treats women as half-human (or nothing) even in their honesty or observation power -- valuing a woman's testimony in courts as half of a male's testimony (or even as nil when it comes to testifying against murderers - as, according to article 33 of this law, no woman's testimony is ever admissible in murder cases). Even in death, a woman is valued half of a man in terms of their death dues; with the implication that a man killing a woman and sentenced to death may only be executed if the victim's family pay the murderer half of his death dues. That is, according to article 6 of this law, the bereaved family has to pay to the murderer to get 'justice' done (irrespective of the fact that the death penalty itself is totally unacceptable).
The laws governin |
||This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. (January 2012)|
|Symbolism||the Twins, Castor & Pollux|
|Right ascension||7 h|
| ||This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. (January 2012)|
|Symbolism||the Twins, Castor & Pollux|
|Right ascension||7 h|
|Area||514 sq. deg. (30th)|
|Main stars||8, 17|
|Stars with planets||8|
|Stars brighter than 3.00m||4|
|Stars within 10.00 pc (32.62 ly)||4|
|Brightest star||Pollux (β Gem) (1.15m)|
|Nearest star||Gliese 251
(17.99 ly, 5.52 pc)
|Visible at latitudes between +90° and −60°.
Best visible at 21:00 (9 p.m.) during the month of February.
Gemini is one of the constellations of the zodiac. It was one of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd century AD astronomer Ptolemy and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations today. Its name is Latin for "twins," and it is associated with the twins Castor and Pollux in Greek mythology. Its symbol is (Unicode ♊).
The Sun resides in the astrological sign of Gemini from May 21 to June 20 each year. By mid August, Gemini will appear along the eastern horizon in the morning sky prior to sunrise. The best time to observe Gemini at night is overhead during the months of January and February. By April and May, the constellation will be visible soon after sunset in the west.
The easiest way to locate the constellation is to find its two brightest stars Castor and Pollux eastward from the familiar “V” shaped asterism of Taurus and the three stars of Orion’s belt. Another way is to mentally draw a line from the Pleiades star cluster located in Taurus and the brightest star in Leo, Regulus. In doing so, you are drawing an imaginary line that is relatively close to the ecliptic, a line which intersects Gemini roughly at the midpoint of the constellation, just below Castor and Pollux.
The brightest stars in Gemini are Castor and Pollux. Although Castor has the Bayer designation "Alpha," it is actually the second brightest in the constellation after Pollux. Castor is a sextuple star system 52 light-years from Earth, which appears as a magnitude 1.6 blue-white star to the unaided eye. Two spectroscopic binaries are visible at magnitudes 1.9 and 3.0 with a period of 470 years. A wide-set red dwarf star is also a part of the system; this star is an Algol-type eclipsing binary star with a period of 19.5 hours; its minimum magnitude is 9.8 and its maximum magnitude is 9.3. Beta Geminorum, named for Pollux, is, despite its designation, the brightest star in Gemini. It is an orange-hued giant star of magnitude 1.2, 34 light-years from Earth. The discrepancy in brightness and designation with Castor and Pollux is attributable to a mistake by |
countries should simultaneously encourage exports and discourage imports.
a situation where a government does not attempt to influence through quotas or duties what its citizens can buy from another country or what they can produce and sell to another country.
new trade theory
stresses that | countries should simultaneously encourage exports and discourage imports.
a situation where a government does not attempt to influence through quotas or duties what its citizens can buy from another country or what they can produce and sell to another country.
new trade theory
stresses that in some cases countries specialize in the production and export of particular products not because of underlying differences in |
Blood levels of vitamin D may affect the expression of genes linked to immune health and inflammation, Norwegian scientists report for the first time.
Data from 218 people indicated that vitamin D levels are linked to “molecular pathways that may ultimately affect the potential | Blood levels of vitamin D may affect the expression of genes linked to immune health and inflammation, Norwegian scientists report for the first time.
Data from 218 people indicated that vitamin D levels are linked to “molecular pathways that may ultimately affect the potential onset of diseases”, according to findings published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
“Overarching gene sets such as signaling in immune system (gene set 27), innate immunity signaling (gene set 30), cytokine production (gene set 52) and chemokine signaling (gene set 49) were differentially expressed according to vitamin D status,” wrote researchers from the University of Tromso.
“The majority of genes in these gene sets were associated with vitamin D deficiency, in line with the hypothesis that vitamin D limits pathological immune responses that may ultimately lead to hypersensitivity or autoimmunity.”
Shining light on the benefits of the sunshine vitamin
Vitamin D refers to two biologically inactive precursors - D3, also known as cholecalciferol, and D2, also known as ergocalciferol.
Both D3 and D2 precursors are transformed in the liver and kidneys into 25- hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), the non-active'storage' form, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), the biologically active form that is tightly controlled by the body.
Vitamin D deficiency in adults is reported to precipitate or exacerbate osteopenia, osteoporosis, muscle weakness, fractures, common cancers, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases and cardiovascular diseases.
In order to explore the molecular effects of vitamin D, the Norwegian scientists used gene expression technology and collected data from 218 free-living, middle-aged Norwegian women.
Gene expression pathways were compared with vitamin D status in the women, with vitamin D sufficiency defined as 25(OH)D over 50 nmol/l, and deficiency as 25(OH)D below 37.5 nmol/l.
Results showed that vitamin D status was associated with the immune system, the production of cytokines, and chemokine signaling, said the researchers.
“Three pathways related to innate immunity were more highly expressed in the vitamin D-deficient group: TLR signaling (gene set 64 and 65), a major pathway governing the inflammatory response to infection, and IL-1R pathway (gene set 55), which increases migration of leukocytes to sites of infection,” wrote the researchers.
“In vitro studies have shown that 1,25(OH)2D or vitamin D analogs have anti-inflammatory properties by down-regulating inflammatory gene expression in monocytes/macrophages.”
The researchers also reported a link between CD14 – a pattern recognition receptor for lipopolysaccharides and other pathogen compounds – and several gene sets.
“CD14 […] acts as a co-receptor with |
- ISHN GLOBAL
- EHS RESEARCH
Entitled “Runaway: Explosion at T2 Laboratories,” the video details the December 19, 2007, accident involving a thermal runaway chemical reaction at a small chemical manufacturer. The | - ISHN GLOBAL
- EHS RESEARCH
Entitled “Runaway: Explosion at T2 Laboratories,” the video details the December 19, 2007, accident involving a thermal runaway chemical reaction at a small chemical manufacturer. The video includes a 3-D computer animation of the sequence of events leading to the runaway reaction and resulting explosion and fire.
The video is available for viewing and downloading on the CSB’s website as well as the agency’s YouTube channel. Free DVDs can be requested by completing the online request form in the Video Room of CSB.gov.
T2 Laboratories was attempting to produce a batch of the gasoline additive MCMT when the reactor cooling system apparently malfunctioned – perhaps due to a blockage in the water supply piping or a valve failure. As the video shows, the temperature of the material in the reactor rose uncontrollably. The r |
Our 17 year-old son got a summer job roofing. Today, one of the other workers had to go to the hospital for putting a nail through his hand using a high-powered nail gun. Naturally, now we are concerned about our son. | Our 17 year-old son got a summer job roofing. Today, one of the other workers had to go to the hospital for putting a nail through his hand using a high-powered nail gun. Naturally, now we are concerned about our son. Is this a common occurrence? Anything we can tell him that might help him avoid the same fate?
Penetrating trauma to the hand from nail gun injuries are on the rise due to increasing numbers of housing starts and, of course, home remodeling. But only 3.9 per cent of these injuries are attributed to industrial (worker compensation) injuries. The majority occur in residential carpentry.
Roofing companies are usually careful to provide safety instruction for new employees. One would expect even more so for young workers just starting out. But there are cases (in one study, seven per cent of the group) where the worker has more than one nail gun injury. So it is not a given that experience with these kinds of tools equals prevention.
Gloves, goggles, and helmets are advised. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has a nail gun safety guide for construction contractors that can be just as informative for the do-it-yourself home owner. This publication is available on-line at https://www.osha.gov/Publications/NailgunFinal_508_02_optimized.pdf.
You can also access additional preventive information by typing into your search engine: nail gun safety. There are even some "how-to" instructional videos available. You will find those using the same search. Encourage your son to read the safety guide and watch at least one of the videos.
Peter C. Rhee, DO, MS, et al. Nail Gun Injuries to the Hand. In The Journal of Hand Surgery. June 2013. Vol. 38A. No. 6. Pp. 1242-1246.
*Disclaimer:* The information contained herein is compiled from a variety of sources. It may not be complete or timely. It does not cover all diseases, physical conditions, ailments or treatments. The information should NOT be used in place of visit with your healthcare provider, nor should you disregard the advice of your health care provider because of any information you read in this topic. |
Short Answer Questions Key
1. What does Cesaire think of the idea that poets make terrible politicians?
He thinks it is ridiculous.
2. What term is Cesaire considered the originator of?
3. Which style is Cesaire considered a | Short Answer Questions Key
1. What does Cesaire think of the idea that poets make terrible politicians?
He thinks it is ridiculous.
2. What term is Cesaire considered the originator of?
3. Which style is Cesaire considered a major voice of?
4. Which literary device does Cesaire use to fight for freedom?
5. Which island was Cesaire born on?
6. What occupation did Cesaire's mother have?
7. What was the occupation of Cesaire's father?
8. Where does Cesaire move after high school?
9. What did Cesaire study in college?
10. What was the name of the journal Cesaire started in college?
The Black Student.
This section contains 3,249 words
(approx. 11 pages at 300 words per page) |
- The name Tucson originated from the Pima Indians. It comes from the word schookson meaning "spring at the foot of a black mountain". This saying refers to the dark base of the Sentinel Mountains where the Santa Cruz River flows near Tucson | - The name Tucson originated from the Pima Indians. It comes from the word schookson meaning "spring at the foot of a black mountain". This saying refers to the dark base of the Sentinel Mountains where the Santa Cruz River flows near Tucson.
The area around Tucson has been dated back to 800 to 900 A.D., from pottery shards found in the ruins of a pit house. The first European influence came in 1694 with the arrival of Eusebiio Francisco Kino. He established a mission called San Augustin de Oiaur and a village named San Cosme de Tucson. However, Kino spent most of efforts at the San Xavier del Bac mission.
- Tucson is believed to be the oldest continually inhabited city in the United States, with prehistoric roots dating back 15,000 years. The Hohokam Indians settled in the Tucson area around 300 B.C. and created an extensive canal system to irrigate crops. The original Indian village of Tucson has had many names including: Chuck Son, Shookson, and Tuquison which translated mean "blue waters at the foot of black mountain".
- The first non-Indian visitors were Spanish explorers searching for riches in the early 1500's. Captain General Franciso Coronado came to this area looking for the famed "seven cities of Cibola" in 1540. While he never found the riches he was seeking, he did pave the |
Metrolina 5th Annual Information Literacy Conference
17 June 2010, Charlotte, NC
This was the first Metrolina Information Literacy Conference I’ve attended, with a program that prompted some dithering over which sessions | Metrolina 5th Annual Information Literacy Conference
17 June 2010, Charlotte, NC
This was the first Metrolina Information Literacy Conference I’ve attended, with a program that prompted some dithering over which sessions to choose-always a positive sign.
“Information Literacy Examined in Multicultural Context,” presented by keynote speaker Dr. Clara Chu of the Department of Library and Information Studies at UNCG, was the most thought-provoking of all the talks. Grounded at once in theory as well as in personal conviction and at times painful life experience, the lecture commenced by stressing the vast amount of information that inundates us every day, but adding that although we now have unprecedented access to diverse sources of information it is also difficult to distinguish information from noise and inaccuracy. Professor Chu defined a range of types of diversity: human diversity as broadly encompassing physical differences, life experiences, and personal preferences; cultural diversity as different beliefs, values, and personal characteristics; and systems diversity as variable organizational structure and management. She singled out the importance of critical literacy which fosters diverse ways of looking at information, questioning attitudes, values, and beliefs, and enabling one to uncover social inequality and injustice, as a means of being an agent of social change.
Multicultural literacy is the knowledge of culture and language. From feminist studies Chu singled out positionality, whereby one recognizes what one brings to the table in terms of social demographics, cultural characteristics, and language. She listed evaluation criteria for multicultural content or multimedia materials:
- Objectivity or bias such as racism, sexism, ethnocentrism, homophobia, or ageism; this is characterized by unrealistic representation, imbalance, omission, stereotyping, and fragmentation. For example, a library may have information about a community but not BY the community, inadvertently omitting their own voices. Counter-narratives tell the other story, affording perspectives that run counter to the presumed ones and alternatives to the dominant discourse.
- Language diversity, variance within languages, and language bias, once again bearing the potential for racism, sexism, homophobia, or ageism with loaded terminology, ridicule, exaggeration, mispronunciation, slander, or offensiveness. She raised the question of whether libraries are doing enough to provide multi-language access, and suggested using an approximate tool such as google translator.
- Subject, such as scope, authority, authenticity, and accuracy.
- Resources imbalance or selectivity, invisibility or omission, scope, diversity of format perspective and language.
Finally, she addressed cultural competency, which includes ethnic competence and an awareness of one’s own cultural limitations. By way of example, she listed characteristics of American culture: self-expression, equality, and informality, achievement, self control of destiny, individualism and authority in non-authoritarian relationships. By contrast, a Latino/a patron might be characterized by allocentrism (community orientation), simpatico, familialism, personal space issues, time orientation, gender roles, and respect for authority. Cultural competence also includes openness to cultural differences, utilizing cultural resources, and acknowledgement of cultural integrity. Multicultural literacy, she emphasized, is prominently one of the literacies of the twenty-first century.
“Classroom 2.0: Bringing Interactivity into Library Instruction,” presented by Jenny Dale, Amy Harris, and Lynda Kellam of UNCG, was an engaging and predictably interactive session. Prefacing the session with a nod to instructional design, which is intended to make the knowledge transfer happen in a deliberate, systematic, and appealing way, the group went on to advocate for interactivity as a means of engaging students and distributing power and responsibility. A few “Think-Pair-Share” sessions demonstrated the merit of interactivity as we variously pondered and proffered rationales for interactivity or the merits/demerits of our assorted libraries. Another exercise actually got us out of our seats as we wandered about the room in a modified reprise of the old “Sardines” childhood game, bearing slips of paper and searching for research statements and related keywords where we might all legitimately congregate together. It is always enormously helpful to get ideas for interactive strategies, so this was a particularly useful, pragmatic session.
“Teach Smarter Not Harder: Classroom Tips and Techniques,” with Sherry Bagwell, a retired educator from the Greenville County Schools, SC, was the one session that proved to be less than useful. The brief summary in the conference program had not indicated that the intended audience was in fact public school librarians and teachers, so although there were numerous tips and suggestions, they were not really germane to our higher education setting-and happily so, since many referred to problemat |
Story URL: http://news.medill.northwestern.edu/chicago/news.aspx?id=198596
Story Retrieval Date: 12/5/2013 10:18:38 AM CST
Meghan Schiller/ MEDILL | Story URL: http://news.medill.northwestern.edu/chicago/news.aspx?id=198596
Story Retrieval Date: 12/5/2013 10:18:38 AM CST
Meghan Schiller/ MEDILL
They’re both units of measurement, but watts measure power and lumens measure light. The number of watts tells the consumer how hot a bulb will become and lumens indicate the amount of light given off.
Not much will logistically change since the measurements essentially work the same. If you want dimmer lighting, buy a bulb with fewer lumens. For brighter light, aim for a higher number of lumens.
For example, if you normally buy 100-watt bulbs, look for bulbs with 1,600 lumens. For the equivalent of 75-watt bulbs, buy a bulb with 1,100 lumens. If you use 60-watt bulbs, purchase 800 lumens and for 40 watts, look for 450 lumens.
CFLs will save you money and energy. Replacing a 100-watt bulb with a CFL can save a consumer close to $60 over the life of the bulb. Since the CFLs emit less heat, people will also save on their home-cooling costs.
One example is the General Electric Co. “Reveal” CFL light bulb, available at Walgreens for $9.99. Although pricier than the $1.99 generic soft-light bulb, the advantages are hard to ignore.
The equivalent to a 100-watt bulb, this 1,600 lumens bulb will last five years and save $59 in energy costs based on four hours of usage a day.
If the bulb doesn’t last the full five years, you can return it.
This month the incandescent light bulb is retiring, making way for compact fluorescent lamps, an energy-efficient alternative to 130-year-old technology. A new law intended to decrease light bulb wattage and energy usage is slated to take effect this month, but some Republicans aren’t interested in the government controlling the lights in their family rooms.
In response to the new light-bulb law, part of the 2007 legislation signed by President George W. Bush, Republicans inserted a rider in Congress’ $3 trillion 2012 budget, hoping to “save the incandescent light bulb.” The rider delays for nine months funding from the Energy Department to implement the change.
Congressmen Michele Bachmann and Ron Paul, as well as Texas Gov. Rick Perry have chimed in on the topic.
“Let me tell you, President Bachmann will allow you to buy any light bulb you want in the United States of America," she said while campaigning in June.
But lighting manufacturers say they are committed to the original legislation and the production of the new bulbs is underway. Retailers appear to be onboard, too.
Lowe’s Cos.’ spokeswoman Jaclyn Pardini said her company realizes that energy efficient options have become increasingly popular with consumers. "It's really important to Lowe's for consumers to save energy." Lowe's is offering an online light-bulb buying guide and several YouTube videos explaining the light bulb legislation.
Even so, the debate leaves many consumers confused.
Walk into the light-bulb aisle at any retail store and you’ll notice the shelves are filled with options and terms such as soft light, halogen, incandescent, fluorescent, compact fluorescent and high-intensity discharge.
Until now, a clear-cut answer to the question, “What is the best light bulb for both my pocketbook and the environment?” has been hard to find.
The new compact fluorescent lamps, which are recognized by their spiral shape, give off the same amount of light as incandescent bulbs, use as much as 75 percent less energy and save consumers money. They last 10 times longer than an incandescent bulb.
Some opponents of the change can be found in the aisles of retail stores.
“I’m banking on the fact that the stupid law is repealed,” said Greg Moerschell, 44, an employee at a local private equity firm who was shopping at Walgreens. “I want the choice to get whatever kind of bulb I’d like. These new bulbs are more expensive and they’ll have to come up with another entitlement for people that can’t afford it.”
In fact, the law does not ban incandescent bulbs but mandates that bulbs must now use less energy.
“The retail stores can continue to sell what they have, but inefficient incandescent bulbs are out,” said David Schuellerman, spokesman at General Electric Co., one of the nation’s largest light bulb manufacturers.
The leading light manufacturers are reflecting the wattage changes in their production. The light produced by the new bulbs is measured in lumens rather than watts.
Starting now, 100-watt bulbs will become 72 watts. In 2013, 75 watts will shift to 53 watts. In 2014, 60-watt bulbs will become 43 watts. And finally, 40-watt bulbs will decrease to 29 watts starting Jan. 1, 2015.
It seems like a simple change but not all consumers are in favor. Although it saves energy, the spiral look turns some people off.
“When I’m shopping for a light bulb, I’m always looking for a specific style of bulb,” said Lisa Tesarik, a private wealth manager in Chicago.
But GE’s Schuellerman says that consumers shouldn’t be misled into believing that the new bulbs only c |
What is the Math Design Collaborative?
The Math Design Collaborative (MDC) provides teachers with formative assessment lessons and professional development so they can use evidence of learning to adapt teaching, minute to minute and day to day.
Central to M | What is the Math Design Collaborative?
The Math Design Collaborative (MDC) provides teachers with formative assessment lessons and professional development so they can use evidence of learning to adapt teaching, minute to minute and day to day.
Central to MDC are sets of Formative Assessment Lessons (FALs). Each lesson is research-based, aligned to the Common Core State Standards (CCSS), and fit within CCSS-aligned courses of study. The FALs represent a major innovation in teaching and learning math. Their hybrid model of assessment and instruction is designed for medium-cycle formative assessment – the type that teachers can use every two weeks.
MDC provides teachers with tools and individual coaching to enable teachers to respond to the instructional shifts necessary with the CCSS.
- Students draw upon their real world experience to make sense of mathematics and solve problems.
- Students use dialogue and conversation to explore mathematical thinking.
- Students use place value and mathematical properties and relationships to compute with flexibility, accuracy, and efficiency.
- Students use concrete materials, drawings, graphs, and symbols to understand and represent mathematical ideas.
- Students build confidence and experience in choosing tools and strategies to make sense of and solve problems. |
A tic is a sudden, repetitive, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movement or vocalization involving discrete muscle groups. Tics can be invisible to the observer, such as abdominal tensing or toe crunching. Common motor and ph | A tic is a sudden, repetitive, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movement or vocalization involving discrete muscle groups. Tics can be invisible to the observer, such as abdominal tensing or toe crunching. Common motor and phonic tics are, respectively, eye blinking and throat clearing. Movements of other movement disorders (for example, chorea, dystonia, myoclonus) must be distinguished from tics. Other conditions, such as autism and stereotypic movement disorder, also include movements which may be confused with tics. Tics must also be distinguished from the compulsions of OCD and from seizure activity.
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce anxiety, by repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing anxiety, or by combinations of such thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions). The symptoms of this anxiety disorder range from repetitive hand-washing and extensive hoarding to preoccupation with sexual, religious, or aggressive impulses. These symptoms can be alienating and time-consuming, and often cause severe emotional and economic loss. The acts of those who have OCD may appear paranoid and come across to others as psychotic. However, except in young children, OCD sufferers generally recognize their thoughts and subsequent actions as irrational, and they may become further distressed by this realization. |
In the early days of photography, before celluloid and cellulose acetate
film were used as backing
for photographic emulsions, glass plates coated with light-sensitive silver
salts were used
to make photographic images. Coated plates | In the early days of photography, before celluloid and cellulose acetate
film were used as backing
for photographic emulsions, glass plates coated with light-sensitive silver
salts were used
to make photographic images. Coated plates would be loaded into cameras,
exposed, and processed to generate glass negatives from which prints could
be made. They are distinct from the Daguerrotype, which was a sheet of
metal upon which positive -- rather than negative -- images were made.
Although the majority of practical photography has been done using film
for almost a century, glass plates were used in astronomy up until the
last decade. The reason was
that it was difficult to use CCD cameras to record wide-field images of the
sky at high resolution without having a huge CCD, and an accompanying huge
amount of computer memory and storage (think of huge in, say, 1985 terms).
Glass plates were also used rather than acetate film because plates held up
better over time for archival purposes. They would not become distorted or
stretched during or
after the observation, which is important when doing astrometry. The
obvious downside is that they're quite fragile.
They were most
commonly used in Schmidt telescopes whose purpose is primarily for imaging
wide-fields. One of the more famous examples of this kind of survey
was the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey, which recorded the entire sky
visible from California on thousands of glass plates. Negative (paper)
prints were then made and distributed to observatories around the world.
There were several problems with the glass plate, one of which was
fragility. They're easy to break, especially if one goes fumbling around in
the dark with them. Another problem is that all photographic
emulsions are nonlinear. This means that the depth of the exposure does not
necessarily increase linearly with time, which makes photometry
difficult. Another problem is that their quantum efficiency is very low,
in the low percent range. That means that only one or two out of every
one hundred photons is recorded. This makes for very long observations,
and ties up an inordinate amount of telescope time.
The CCD or charged coupled device replaced photographic plates at most
astronomical observatories by the early 1990s, as the technology improved
and the costs for cameras and computer equipment came down (driven in part
by technology spin-offs from the Hubble Space Telescope). A few telescopes
used plates up until fairly recently, but new, extremely large format CCD
cameras (8192x8192 pixels) have been developed for the largest observatories,
and small CCDs are relatively inexpensive even for |
In a Fermilab clean room, Ken Schultz and Kevin Kuk check the alignment of the prototype camera's front window.
A massive, 570-pixel camera that can peer back seven billion years ago is on its way to Chile where it | In a Fermilab clean room, Ken Schultz and Kevin Kuk check the alignment of the prototype camera's front window.
A massive, 570-pixel camera that can peer back seven billion years ago is on its way to Chile where it will be used to study to study a mysterious force in the universe known as dark energy.
The camera, which has multiple lenses including one three feet in diameter, is being shipped from Illinois to the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory where it will survey faint galaxies in the distant universe
Dark energy, only discovered in 1998, is present throughout the universe. Scientists know little about it except that it seems to be speeding the expansion of the universe.
"There's enough data that people know what we don't understand, but there's not enough data to explain it yet," Brenna Flaugher, a physicist at Fermilab near Chicago, which assembled the Dark Energy Camera, told NPR. "There's too much room for the theorists to come up with crazy ideas right now. And so there's lots of crazy ideas. And we need data."
Dark energy was discovered when researchers studied light coming to Earth from exploding stars. The light's path showed the stars were farther away than they should have been, which implied that something was acting against gravity. Scientists have since confirmed that as galaxies move apart, they speed up, increasing their distance at a faster and faster pace. Hence, the universe is expanding at an ever-more rapid clip.
According to the Department of Energy, the camera will be able to photograph galaxies from the time the universe was only a few billion years old, tracing the history of the expanding universe roughly three-quarters of the way back to the time of the Big Bang. |
The timing was serendipitous for my recent visit to Bayreuth, a city known for it culture, palaces and beer. A week earlier the Margravial Opera House became Germany’s newest UNESCO World Heritage Site. While opera is | The timing was serendipitous for my recent visit to Bayreuth, a city known for it culture, palaces and beer. A week earlier the Margravial Opera House became Germany’s newest UNESCO World Heritage Site. While opera is not really my thing, I’m a sucker for all things UNESCO, especially architecture. The Margravial Opera House delivered on both accounts:
The exterior of the Opera House is nice, but nothing special. This was done intentionally by the Italian architect Guiseppe Galli Bibiena. He set guest’s expectations low, then wowed them with the interior of the opera house.
And wow it did. The opera house was built between 1746-1750 and constructed entirely of wood. Miraculously it has survived over 250 years of potential fires earning it the distinction of being the most beautifully preserved Baroque Opera House in all of Europe!
The showpiece of the opera house is the hand painted roof which never in a million years would I think was constructed of wood.
The devil is really in the details, of which there are so many intricate carvings, all done miraculously in wood.
Not everyone is a fan of the Margravial Opera House though, Bayreuth resident, Richard Wagner, a famous composer thought it was too showy and that the acoustics weren’t very good. This was in sharp contrast to the understated Bayreuth Festspielhaus that he built that is still renowned for its acoustics and home to the annual Richard Wagner Festival.
Even the stage curtains are made of wood. Originally there were made of blue velvet and gold. But, thhey were so beautiful that they caught Napolean’s eye and he took them for a present for his father-in-law in Vienna – where they were sadly destroyed by fire. The irony being if he would have just left them there, they wouldn’t have been destroyed.
I would highly recommend a visit to the Margravial Opera House, even if you’re not a fan of opera -the architecture is incredible! But you have to hurry. The Opera house will be undergoing an estimated five year renovation beginning in October 2012. As of July, it had been unknown whether any part of the opera house would be open for tours.
Know Before You Go to the Margravial Opera House:
- The Opera house is open from 9:00-6:00 every day from April to September and from 10:00-4:00 from October to March.
- German tours run every 45 minutes. The English tour is every day at 1:30. Tours in other languages are available with advance notice.
- The tour costs €5.50 for adults, and is free for children under 18.This photo has been submitted to Nancie’s Budget Travelers Sandbox where you can see more travel photos.
Thank you to the Bayreuth Tourist Office for hosting me. As always, all opinions expressed are my own. |
Why can't I upload files using FTP?
The most common cause of FTP problems is that passive FTP transfer mode is not turned on in your FTP program. "Passive mode" is usually needed:
- If you use a DSL or cable modem | Why can't I upload files using FTP?
The most common cause of FTP problems is that passive FTP transfer mode is not turned on in your FTP program. "Passive mode" is usually needed:
- If you use a DSL or cable modem; or
- If you use some kind of Internet sharing device or software to connect multiple computers to the Internet using one ISP connection; or
- If you use a personal firewall on your computer, or you're connecting from a company or ISP network that uses a firewall.
(There may be other situations where it's needed, too — try the solution below even if you don't think you fall into any of these categories.)
"Passive mode" is especially likely to be the problem if your FTP program seems to connect to our server, but is then unable to transfer a file or show a list of files. It's also the problem if you see an error message mentioning a "PORT" command.
Turning on passive FTP transfer mode
To solve these kinds of connection problems, turn on passive FTP transfer mode in your FTP program:
If you use a different FTP program, it almost certainly has a checkbox to turn on "passive mode" in either the connection setup screen or the program preferences screen. Consult the documentation for your FTP program if you're unsure how to do it. (Look for the words passive or PASV in the settings; the checkbox is often labeled "PASV FTP" or something similar.)
Turning on passive mode almost always fixes FTP connection problems.
What if FTP still doesn't work?
The first thing we recommend is turning off any firewall software as a test (this includes the Norton AntiVirus "Internet Worm Protection" feature, which is really a firewall). If this fixes the problem, consult your firewall's documentation or support to learn how to allow FTP connections with the firewall turned on.
If it doesn't help, try disabling SSL/TLS encryption in your FTP program if you've enabled it. Encryption is not compatible with all firewalls.
If that doesn't solve it, try connecting to a completely different public FTP server. This will show whether the problem is just with the connection to our FTP server or if your computer is having problems connecting to any FTP servers. An example of a public FTP server is:
- Server hostname: ftp.earthlink.net
- Username to use: anonymous
- Password to use: anonymous
If your computer cannot connect to that server, then either your FTP software is not working correctly, or something on your computer (probably a firewall or other security software) is blocking all FTP connections. You may want to try using other FTP software such as the free FileZilla.
If you still having problems connecting, try making a text connection as described in the next section.
Try a text connection to our servers
These instructions explain how to make a text-based connection to our servers, mimicking what your FTP program usually does invisibly. This allows you to see exactly what response our servers send back to your FTP program, and we can use that information to determine the source of the problem.
You can do this in a few easy steps:
1. Enable telnet (Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8)
Telnet is not installed by default on Windows Vista, Windows 7, or Windows 8, so you may need to install it. You can skip this step if you use Windows XP or Mac OS X.
- Click the Windows Start button, then choose Control Panel. (In Windows 8, type control panel at the Start screen and press enter.)
- Choose Programs (this may be called Programs and Features).
- Choose Turn Windows features on or off.
- Check the Telnet Client checkbox.
- Click OK, then finish the installation.
2. Open a command window.
To open a command window:
- If you're using Microsoft Windows 7 or earlier, click the Start button, then choose All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt, which will open a new window with a black background.
- With Windows 8, type command prompt at the Start screen and press enter.
- With Mac OS X, open the "Terminal" application.
3. Type a "telnet" command.
Once the command window is open, type this text and press "Enter":
telnet ftp.tigertech.net 21
You should see these two lines (among others) in the response:
220-This is a private system - No anonymous login 220 You will be disconnected after 2 minutes of inactivity.
If you don't see these lines in the response, contact us and let us know exactly what you do see, because it means that something is blocking your computer's connections to our FTP server. Please be sure to copy and paste all of the command window text into your message to us, since it's all important. We'll do our best to help you figure out what's causing the problem, although in some cases you may need to ask your network administrator.
(By the way, you can just close the command window when you're finished with the tests above.) |
The study looked at 20 items on Thingiverse, a database of 3D printing designs, according to a release from MTU. The students then looked at those items listed on Google Shopping to determine the price range. They then calculated how | The study looked at 20 items on Thingiverse, a database of 3D printing designs, according to a release from MTU. The students then looked at those items listed on Google Shopping to determine the price range. They then calculated how much it would cost to make with the 3D printer.
"The conclusion: it would cost the typical consumer from $312 to $1,944 to buy those 20 things compared to $18 to make them in a weekend."
The items in the study included cellphone accessories, a garlic press, a showerhead and a spoon holder.
3D printers can cost between $350 and $2,000. They deposit layers of plastic to create almost any item.Driving peaked in U.S. in 2004: A University of Michigan study shows that driving in the U.S. may have peaked in 2004 -- years before the economic downturn.
“If those rates had peaked in 2008, there wouldn’t be a story,” said Michael Sivak, a research professor at the school’s Transportation Research Institute, told the New York Times. “But it happened four years before that.”
The study found that 2004 had the peak amount for distances driven, and miles traveled per licensed driver, per household and per registered vehicle. Here's more from the Times:
If people are driving less, it is a major milestone in the history of the American automobile. Mr. Sivak cites four potential reasons: increased telecommuting, a graying of the driving population, greater use of public transit and relocation to cities. The latter two are obviously closely related, since public transit tends to be concentrated around urban centers.
"One week after the experience, veterans reported a greater than 10 percent improvement in several measures of psychological well-being, a 9 percent increase in social functioning, and a nearly 8 percent gain in positive life outlook," according to a press release from U-M.
The study involved 98 veterans who were interviewed a week before, a week following and a month after the trip.
"The findings suggest that extended group-based nature recreation can have significant positive impacts on veterans struggling with serious health problems," said Jason Duvall, a research scientist at the U-M School of Natural Resources & Environment, according to a U-M news release.
- Writer's Block: It may not be all in your head
- U-M researcher develops program to help families share cancer gene testing news
- How old are you really? Lifelong planning might be easier if you knew the tempo of your biological aging |
From NPS website...
Date: October 17, 2007
Later this month members of the Antietam National Battlefield Cultural Resources Division will begin dismantling portions of the national cemetery rostrum.
The park plans to restore the ro | From NPS website...
Date: October 17, 2007
Later this month members of the Antietam National Battlefield Cultural Resources Division will begin dismantling portions of the national cemetery rostrum.
The park plans to restore the rostrum to its original appearance with painted wood pergola and grass floor. The work will be guided by original plans and early photographs of the rostrum. The rostrum was constructed in 1879 as a speaker's platform to be used during annual Memorial Day programs and other ceremonies such as monument dedications. Rostrums can be found in national cemeteries across the country but few have been left unchanged from their original design.
Antietam National Cemetery was established in 1865 by the state of Maryland for burial of the men who died in the Maryland Campaign of 1862. The remains of 4,776 Federal soldiers are buried here along with more than two hundred non - Civil War soldiers from later wars. This project to restore the rostrum is another step in the restoration of Antietam National Battlefield and is funded through entrance fees paid by visitors to Antietam.
POSTED BY: Tom Shay
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed] |
An Overview of Acute and Chronic Back Pain
Over 90% of Americans will experience back pain at some point in life, and it is the second most common reason people visit a doctor. Thankfully, most back pain resolves within 6 to | An Overview of Acute and Chronic Back Pain
Over 90% of Americans will experience back pain at some point in life, and it is the second most common reason people visit a doctor. Thankfully, most back pain resolves within 6 to 12 weeks, no matter what treatment is obtained.
A small percentage of individuals, approximately 5 to 10%, will not have their pain resolved and it will become chronic. The definition of acute back pain is pain that lasts for three months or less. If pain persists longer than this time frame, it is called chronic and It may take more aggressive pain management to reduce the discomfort.
According the Institute of Medicine report in 2011, over 115 million Americans suffer from chronic pain, which is approximately one third of the whole country!
There are many reasons an individual develops acute back pain. One of the most common Is a back sprain or strain. This is a result of an injury during either lifting or sporting activities or potentially from an auto accident. The layman’s term is that a persons back “goes out”, and refers to any number of conditions that end up with the individual in excruciating pain.
It may be that the pain started upon waking up in the morning, after a sneeze, potentially after lifting up something very light, or any number of activities that you would not expect to lead to significant back pain. Or it could be from lifting something very heavy or a traumatic incident.
When back pain occurs out of the blue, it may be that the person has a degenerative disc that has sustained a tear and significant pain associated with it. This does not need to be from a high energy activity, it could be something seemingly minor.
Spinal Infection – in the Disc or Vertebrae
Less common reasons for acute back pain include infection, tumor or a fracture. Infection most commonly occurs in individuals who are immunosuppressed such as an uncontrolled
diabetic, someone with a transplant on immunosuppressive medications, or potentially an individual who is abusing IV drugs.
During the adolescent years, an infection may occur inside the disc space which is called discitis. The person may have no immunosuppression or history of drug use at all. It is unclear most of the time why discitis occurs spontaneously. infection in adults usually occurs inside one of the spinal vertebrae rather than the disc initially and is termed osteomyelitis.
When a spinal fracture occurs in a younger individual, it is usually due to a trauma such as a skiing injury, auto accident, or a fall from a significant height. If a fracture occurs in a younger person and no trauma was involved, suspicion should be high for a tumor and the
work up appropriate.
Fractures that occur in older individuals are often from osteoporosis. Usually these are seen on x-rays along with an MRI. Less commonly, a fracture in an older individual may occur from either a primary tumor or from a metastatic cancer.
Another reason a person may have acute low back pain is due to a herniated disc that is pushing on a nerve root. At times, a disc herniation may cause no pain whatsoever in the back or the leg.
Or it may cause leg pain due to the pinched nerve roots, but no back pain whatsoever. Or an individual may experience both low back pain and significant leg pain at the same time (the worst possible scenario).
Spinal Arthritis and Degenerative Disc Disease
The most common reason that older adults experience acute low back pain is from a flareup of arthritis. This is no different then if a person has hip or knee arthritis, how it can flare up with painful exacerbations from time to time.
Younger individuals can also have pain due to arthritis. This may be due to post traumatic arthritis where cartilage was damaged secondary to a car accident. Or it may be due to degenerative disc disease that is causing pain that just will not subside.
In younger individuals, between 20 to 50, low back pain may be due to a flareup of one’s degenerative disc disease. With a degenerative disc, the person may have a tear from time to time in that disk with associated painful flareups.
Younger individuals with scoliosis may also have acute back pain from time to time. It used to be thought that those with adolescent scoliosis did not have back pain and if they did it was cause for immense concern.
Now we know that up to 30% of adolescents with scoliosis can have low back pain without cause for concern over a tumor (Sato et al, Eur Spine J. 2011). This particular study, participants had pain a lot around the right scapula and the right rib hump. If the pain persists, a work up should be initiated but usually not immediately.
Recent studies have shown that 25% of the time, a person experiencing acute or chronic low back pain does not have a problem in the low back. The pain may actually be coming
from the sacroiliac joints or a person’s hip joint.
The sacro |
|Click here to view the item|
|Title:||Brown reactions : Black educators|
Instructional Web page recommended for grades six through twelve featuring a transcript of the official statement adopted at Conference of Southern Negro Educators in Hot Springs, Arkansas in | |Click here to view the item|
|Title:||Brown reactions : Black educators|
Instructional Web page recommended for grades six through twelve featuring a transcript of the official statement adopted at Conference of Southern Negro Educators in Hot Springs, Arkansas in 1954. When the United States Supreme Court declared segregated schools unconstitutional in 1954, newspaper editorials and other written commentary reflected a nation's divided response. This collection of primary source documents captures the range of opinions about the Court's ruling.
Includes a background essay, discussion questions, and alignments to teaching standards.
Major funding for this project is provided by the Institute of Museum and Library Services. Supported in part by a grant from the Open Society Institute.
Grade range: 6-12.
Part of the Series "Brown Reactions" : Black Educators -- Editorials -- Judge Brady -- Zora Neale Hurston.
The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata.
|Types:||Instructional materials | Teaching guides | Resource units | Texts (document genres)|
|Subjects:||Brown, Oliver, 1918- --Trials, litigation, etc. | African American educators--Southern States--Attitudes | African Americans--Segregation | African Americans--Civil rights | African Americans--Legal status, laws, etc. | Minorities--Education | Discrimination in education--United States | Segregation in education--Law and legislation--United States | United States--Race relations | Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka--Public opinion | Conference of Southern Negro Educators (1954 Oct. 26-27 : Hot Springs, Ark.) | United States|
|Collection:||Teachers' Domain Civil Rights Special Collection|
|Institution:||WGBH Educational Foundation|
|Contributors:||Teacher's Domain Civil Rights Special Collection | WGBH Educ |
A group of Stanford researchers have recently achieved a supercomputing milestone: 1,572,864 computer cores (processors) and 1.6 petabytes of memory. Cool I said to myself, but what for?
Well, someone thought | A group of Stanford researchers have recently achieved a supercomputing milestone: 1,572,864 computer cores (processors) and 1.6 petabytes of memory. Cool I said to myself, but what for?
Well, someone thought about a very complex question: How do you build a quieter aircraft engine? Giving the human pain threshold is around 125 decibels and at takeoff the sound of a jet aircraft can be as high as 150 decibels, it seems like a great question. But the physics of noise as it appears are extremely complex and difficult to model. Armed with this massive computational power, researchers are now able to perform fluid dynamic simulations. They will likely get answers leading to more questions and more answers… and perhaps enough insight to ignite creative ideas just like the chevrons – serrations on the exhaust side of a jet engine – and one day reduce the noise to Jetsons flying car level.
The same phenomenon is also happening in the business world. The laws of supply-demand still prevail, but the business reality of individual enterprises is often time very difficult to understand, let alone model. Advances in in-memory and visual discovery technologies (such as SAP HANA and SAP Visual Intelligence) allow business people to ask questions about their customers, sales, operations, etc and get answers in seconds or minutes, not days or weeks. And just like the Stanford researchers, this provides an opportunity to continue asking more questions and getting more answers that eventually ignite business creativity (new services, new products, better ways of delighting customers, etc).
In-memory databases play a huge role in this superfast question-answer cycle as they support the 3V (volume, velocity, and variety) of data, but it’s not enough by itself. Visual discovery tools are also critical as they allow individuals to conduct explorations of data sets in far more flexible and visual ways than traditional reporting and analysis tools can. A greater degree of freedom in manipulating and transforming data generally speeds up the time taken to ‘seize’ and familiarize ourselves with it. By presenting quantitative information in visual form (visualizations), visual discovery solutions also give us a chance of using the 30% of our cortex dedicated to neurons processing visuals. The combination of speed, flexibility, and visual cues dramatically accelerates the “time to answer”, but also provides opportunities to ask more questions as answers appear almost instantly in front of our eyes and with little help from the IT department.
The rise of the superfast question-answer cycle will happen, but obviously not fast enough for the late Yogi Berra who famously said I wish I had an answer to that because I'm tired of answering that question. |
Here's another reason to eat your greens. As well as helping to prevent cancer, broccoli may also help the immune system to clean harmful bacteria from the lungs. A compound found in the vegetable is now being trialled as a treatment for people with | Here's another reason to eat your greens. As well as helping to prevent cancer, broccoli may also help the immune system to clean harmful bacteria from the lungs. A compound found in the vegetable is now being trialled as a treatment for people with lung disease.
To ensure that the lungs function correctly, white blood cells called macrophages remove debris and bacteria that can build up in the lungs and cause infection.
This cleaning system is defective in smokers and people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) – a combination of emphysema and bronchitis – who suffer from frequent infections.
Now, researchers have figured out that a chemical pathway in the lungs called NRF2, involved in macrophage activation, is wiped out by smoking. They also found that sulphoraphane, a plant chemical that is made by broccoli, cauliflower and other cruciferous vegetables when damaged, such as when chewed, can restore this pathway.
Shyam Biswal at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, and colleagues, exposed defective macrophages from the lungs of 43 people with COPD to two bacterial strains that are common causes of COPD-associated infections.
In the presence of sulphoraphane, the NR |
CONVENTRY, England, Sept. 4, 2012 — LED-based wireless optical networks in vehicles could significantly cut the weight of wiring under the hood, not only saving on fuel, but also allowing passengers to tap into visible or infrared | CONVENTRY, England, Sept. 4, 2012 — LED-based wireless optical networks in vehicles could significantly cut the weight of wiring under the hood, not only saving on fuel, but also allowing passengers to tap into visible or infrared spectrum bands in overhead lighting to watch movies or play music.
Replacing copper wiring with LED-based wireless networks could significantly cut a vehicle's weight, saving fuel, say engineers at the University of Warwick. Such systems would also benefit passengers by giving them access to an unlimited and unregulated spectrum for their smartphones and other computer devices. (Photo: iStockphoto)
Radio frequency signals are currently used for smartphones, for hands-free headsets for the driver and passengers, and for multimedia-related applications such tablet PCs, but RF communication suffers from a congested bandwidth. In contrast, wireless systems benefit from an unlimited and unregulated spectrum.
Although optical wireless has been explored for some time in aviation, scientists in the University of Warwick's Department of Engineering are exploring its use in private vehicles. It can be used to communicate between parts inside a car's engine compartment, such as between temperature sensors and the engine management system, or between the brake and speed-control systems.
Optical wireless can simply use a basic LED, such as those used in flashlights, to send data. In situations where it’s best for the beam to be invisible, infrared light can be used instead. It can be install |
T- the type of the field elements
public class FieldLUDecomposition<T extends FieldElement<T>> extends Object
The LUP-decomposition of a matrix A consists of three matrices L, U and P that satisfy: PA = LU | T- the type of the field elements
public class FieldLUDecomposition<T extends FieldElement<T>> extends Object
The LUP-decomposition of a matrix A consists of three matrices L, U and P that satisfy: PA = LU, L is lower triangular, and U is upper triangular and P is a permutation matrix. All matrices are m×m.
field elements do not provide an ordering
operator, the permutation matrix is computed here only in order to avoid
a zero pivot element, no attempt is done to get the largest pivot
This class is based on the class with similar name from the JAMA library.
getPmethod has been added,
detmethod has been renamed as
getDoublePivotmethod has been removed (but the int based
getPivotmethod has been kept),
isNonSingularmethods have been replaced by a
getSolvermethod and the equivalent methods provided by the returned
|Constructor and Description|
Calculates the LU-decomposition of the given matrix.
|Modifier and Type||Method and Description|
Return the determinant of the matrix.
Returns the matrix L of the decomposition.
Returns the P rows permutation matrix.
Returns the pivot permutation vector.
Get a solver for finding the A × X = B solution in exact linear sense.
Returns the matrix U of the decomposition.
public FieldMatrix<T> getL()
L is a lower-triangular matrix
public FieldMatrix<T> getU()
U is an upper-triangular matrix
public FieldMatrix<T> getP()
P is a sparse matrix with exactly one element set to 1.0 in each row and each column, all other elements being set to 0.0.
The positions of the 1 elements are given by the
pivot permutation vector.
public int getPivot()
public T getDeterminant()
Copyright © 2003–2013 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved. |
THE FUTURE IS SCIENCE AT SYDNEY. JOIN US.
From investigating the big questions about how our universe began to enabling the first big calculations done with quantum computers, and from helping to build the worlds biggest radio telescope to unravelling | THE FUTURE IS SCIENCE AT SYDNEY. JOIN US.
From investigating the big questions about how our universe began to enabling the first big calculations done with quantum computers, and from helping to build the worlds biggest radio telescope to unravelling big earth systems, scientists in the University of Sydney’s Faculty of Science are working on our big future.
Our astronomers are working on numerous projects to help plan and build the Square Kilometre Array, which will be the largest and most sensitive radio telescope ever built, and partly situated in Australia.
Our quantum physicists are revolutionising computing with the first steps in quantum computing – a whole new world of computing that will allow for huge calculations that can’t be done by current computers.
Our ecologists are exploring big systems in biology, and our geoscientists are uncovering how big ocean and plate tectonic systems work. |
Stephenie Meyer's The Twilight Saga inserts many fictional myths into Quileute traditions. While Quileute origin stories feature the wolf, they do not include "cold ones" (Eclipse, 255), werewolves (Eclipse, | Stephenie Meyer's The Twilight Saga inserts many fictional myths into Quileute traditions. While Quileute origin stories feature the wolf, they do not include "cold ones" (Eclipse, 255), werewolves (Eclipse, 258), or imprinting (Eclipse, 122).
In Eclipse, Billy Black tells the Quileute legend of the Cold Ones, wherein a stone-hard vampire kills tribal members, only able to be sto |
As a University Chancellor I am very aware of the integral role tertiary education plays in preparing young people to contribute to their countries' development.
In the Caribbean, but not exclusively there, degree courses attract more females than males and in many emerging market countries | As a University Chancellor I am very aware of the integral role tertiary education plays in preparing young people to contribute to their countries' development.
In the Caribbean, but not exclusively there, degree courses attract more females than males and in many emerging market countries, which include the BRIC countries, university graduates are predominately females. In Brazil, for instance, they account for almost 60% of graduates.
However, despite success in tertiary education by women, pervasive gender inequality remains perhaps one of the most harmful and pernicious issues facing emerging market countries. As the developed world faces a sixth year of depressed economic growth the performance of BRIC countries and other emerging markets in spurring global growth is as important as ever and it must be clear that they cannot ignore the potential of half their populations.
I recently attended the Emerging Markets Symposium in Oxford, a platform that brings together leaders from many spheres of government, the private sector, academe and civil society, which for the past three years has grappled with the causes and consequences of some of the major problems that affect these markets. This year the Symposium dealt with gender inequality.
It was clear from the discussions that this preponderance of females in tertiary education was not always reflected in general access to education in all emerging markets. A lack of access to education is conducive to a great waste of female talent. In addition data were presented which showed that an increased number of females with tertiary education did not find echo in the presence of females in the highest executive corporate positions.
Education plays several important roles in personal and national development, especially in ensuring a more equitable distribution of all assets. Education is special beca |
|Long-term changes in the meroplankton of the North Sea|
|Lindley, J.A.; Kirby, R.R. (2007). Long-term changes in the meroplankton of the North Sea. Council Meeting - | |Long-term changes in the meroplankton of the North Sea|
|Lindley, J.A.; Kirby, R.R. (2007). Long-term changes in the meroplankton of the North Sea. Council Meeting - International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, CM 2007(A:16). ICES: Copenhagen. 10 pp.|
|Part of: ICES Council Meeting - International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. ICES: Copenhagen. ISSN 1015-4744, more|
Document type: Meeting report|
Abundance; Larvae; Long-term variations; Meroplankton; Plankton surveys; Decapoda [WoRMS]; Echinocardium cordatum (Pennant, 1777) [WoRMS]; Echinodermata [WoRMS]; ANE, North Sea [gazetteer]; Marine
Data from the continuous plankton recorder (CPR) survey collected in the late-1940s to early-1960s indicated that the abundance of decapod larvae was low and the seasonal peak of abundance was late following cold winters. The phenological effect of temperature was shown to be consistent with relationships between both geographical and interannual patterns of variation. Analyses of CPR data collected from the 1940s to the present day reveal large-scale long-term changes in the abundance and phenology of the North Sea meroplankton. Echinoderm larvae, whose peak abundance has advanced by 47 days, show the greatest shift in timing. Echinoderm larvae have also incr |
Most of the topics in this column have focused on industrial, or stationary applications. These machines usually feature some form of closedloop control, which requires continuous feedback of position, pressure or both. Mobile equipment, sometimes called off-highway equipment, uses | Most of the topics in this column have focused on industrial, or stationary applications. These machines usually feature some form of closedloop control, which requires continuous feedback of position, pressure or both. Mobile equipment, sometimes called off-highway equipment, uses a human operator to close the control loop. The operator’s eyes, ears, and touch act as sensors; the brain serves as the control; and arms, hands, legs, and feet operate the valves that control the hydraulic system.
Open-center valves are often used in mobile equipment because they accommodate fixed displacement pumps as the power source. The normal configuration is to combine several valves (spools, functions, or sections) into a sort of integrated circuit package called a valve stack. The two main configurations consist of tie-rod construction to hold the 4-way sections together, or, when economy of scale permits, the several sections are included in a single unblock or monoblock casting.
Manual control is the most common means of shifting spools in mobile equipment. These were also the very first proportional valves. The manual operation of the valves in the hands of a skilled operator becomes a sophisticated motion control system. Speed, flow, pressure, force, and position are all simultaneously controlled as if staged by a choreographer.
Several issues in the design of these hydraulic systems arise from subtleties and intricate interactions taking place in the circuit. The following bold points present some ways of looking at the circuits and their functions so that these subtleties can be understood and appreciated. They are the result of years of study in trying to gain a personal understanding.
Intricacies of mobile hydraulics
Fixed-displacement pumps are the preferred power source, so a flow division must take place, and the method of flow division depends on the specific valve. Sometimes the flow division is within the valve assembly, and sometimes not.
In most mobile applications, several valves are arranged into a single block, either bolted together with tie rods or contained within a single valve casting. This leads to great variety in design and construction details, many of which are proprietary.
A means must exist within the valve for building pressure as one or more valve spools are shifted, and the specific manner in which this takes place is a detailed function of the valve’s design.
Valves exhibit a load-induced, apparent dead zone. The dead zone, often confused with valve overlap, becomes greater as the load on an actuator increases.
Of course, there is the question of even calling the valve open center, because all four active ports in the center position normally are blocked, with the free-flow “open condition” being, in reality, a bypass function.
Should they even be called 4-way valves? Maybe 6-way is more appropriate, because, including the variable bypass function, there are actually six ports for each spool.
Perhaps the most complex issue is what happens when more than one function is shifted at a time. There are severe interactions among the multiple loads, the shifted spools, the varying bypass flow, and the pump output. Calculation and prediction are definitely possible, but some of the math can become almost oppressive.
Flow or pressure intensification, or both — and even regeneration — can occur when multiple functions are shifted.
Depending on the type of valve, shifting of an upstream function may result in the disabling of all downstream functions, but not so in other valve types.
Mobile equipment valves make ample use of the bypass flow path within the valve stack, and the coring in the castings can become complex and difficult to visualize. Therefore, it is not always easy to see how the flow paths are implemented with anything other than three-dimensional drawings.
Seemingly endless varieties in work port options add complexity to the schematic diagrams and can conceal the basic function of the 4-way valve itself unless you can separate options from function.
Many modern mobile equipment valve stacks are augmented with further variety in the integration of pressure compensation controls, often with the aim of controlling flow, or to reduce the interactions as a result of simultaneous shifting of more than one spool.
Add to the above issues that the standardized ISO symbology does not provide a complete picture of how the valv |
- About Us
- News & Events
- Virtual Museum
- Educational Resources
- Histories & Narratives
- Websites & Bibliography
- Giving Opportunities
32” H x 31” W, Acrylic on canvas and Plex | - About Us
- News & Events
- Virtual Museum
- Educational Resources
- Histories & Narratives
- Websites & Bibliography
- Giving Opportunities
32” H x 31” W, Acrylic on canvas and Plexiglas
David Feinberg. Drawing contributions of genocide survivor Augustino Ting Mayai and artists Ali Abdulkadir, Bonnie Brabson, Mary George, Jason Krumrai Rachel Mosey, Rowan Pope, Ryan Rasmussen, Nicole Rodriguez, Adam Streeter, Stephanie Thomson
Augustino “Ting” Mayai was one of thousands of “Lost Boys,” or Sudanese refugees, who were orphaned when government troops destroyed villages and murdered civilians in Southern Sudan. Without family and support, the Lost Boys make almost superhuman journeys to relief camps in Kenya and Ethiopia, fending off the dangers of the wilderness -- starvation, wild animals, and infectious diseases. Some Lost Boys finally settled in the United States as aresult of the Second Sudanese Civil War.
The central part of Ting’s painting, composed of turbulent strokes of black and white, reflects the violence and conflict of the Sudanese Civil war. One of the small black lines outside the central image stands for Ting himself, alienated yetunable to detach himself from his Sudanese roots. The bold black line on the left hand side represents Ting reaching out of the conflict.
Within the chaotic center, the artist team integrated a photocopy of the engine of a toy plane, which reminded Ting of something man-made that had interfered with the Sudanese culture. The artist team also added a small negative image of the plane in the lower left. This image reminded Ting of a crocodile, one of the many dangers Tin |
Ranunculaceae (Buttercup Family)
A bushy plant with large, highly divided leaves and a short, thick, rounded cluster of small white flowers in leaf axils or at stem
ends. The branched, 1 | Ranunculaceae (Buttercup Family)
A bushy plant with large, highly divided leaves and a short, thick, rounded cluster of small white flowers in leaf axils or at stem
ends. The branched, 1-3 ft. stems of this perennial
bear two or three large compound
leaves, each thrice divided. Leaflets are deeply saw-toothed. Above the foliage are dense, globular clusters of small white flowers. The fruit
is an attractive, but poisonous, red berry.
give each cluster a feathery appearance.
Image Gallery: 11 photo(s) available
Plant CharacteristicsDuration: Perennial Habit: Herb Flower:
Green, Red Size Class:
Bloom InformationBloom Color: White
Bloom Time: Apr, May, Jun
, WY Can |
The MSDH SIDS Outreach Program offers the following support services for families, professionals and the community:
- Counseling and referral services provided by a nurse or social worker for families who have experienced an infant death
- Seminars or training for parents, | The MSDH SIDS Outreach Program offers the following support services for families, professionals and the community:
- Counseling and referral services provided by a nurse or social worker for families who have experienced an infant death
- Seminars or training for parents, community members, various professionals (nurses, social workers, child care workers, etc.) on SIDS risk reduction and bereavement
- Community outreach activities with local organizations
|About SUID/SIDS||Risk Factors||Reducing the Risk||More Information||Contact Us|
View full size »
Mississippi SIDS Facts
- SIDS is the third leading cause of death for infants in Mississippi.
- In 2012, 21 Mississippi infants died from SUID/SIDS, down from 43 the year before.
- Babies are more likely to die of SIDS when they sleep on their stomachs.
- About one in five SIDS deaths occur while an infant is being cared for by someone other than a parent.
There is no sure way to prevent SIDS. However, parents and caregivers can take steps to reduce the risk of SIDS and other sleep-related causes of infant death
How You Can Reduce the Risk of SIDS
You can lower your baby's risk of SIDS and other sleep-related causes of infant death by taking the following steps.
- Place your infant completely on his or her back to sleep at night and for naps.
- Use a firm crib mattress covered by a fitted sheet.
- Keep soft objects and loose bedding out of the crib. Remove pillows, quilts, comforters, crib bumpers, sheepskins, stuffed toys and other soft objects from the infant's sleeping area.
- Your baby should not sleep in an adult bed, on a couch, or on a chair — alone, with you, or with anyone else — due to the danger of accidental suffocation.
- Do not allow your infant to get too hot during sleep. The infant should be lightly clothed and the bedroom temperature should be comfortable for a lightly clothed adult. Use a sleep sack or similar sleepwear instead of blankets to help keep your baby warm and safe.
- Give your baby a dry pacifier that is not attached to a string for naps and at night to reduce the risk of SIDS.
- Breastfeed your baby to reduce the risk of SIDS. If you bring your baby into your bed to breastfeed, put him or her back in a separate sleep area, such as a safety-approved crib, when you are finished.
- Do not smoke while pregnant or around your baby and never allow others to smoke around your infant.
Make sure that others caring for the infant (child care providers, relatives, friends, and babysitters) also follow these recommendations.
To reduce the risk of SIDS, women should:
- Get regular health care during pregnancy.
- Never smoke, drink alcohol, or use illegal drugs during pregnancy or after the baby is born.
- Follow your health care provider's guidance on your baby's vaccinations and regular health checkups.
- Avoid products that claim to reduce the risk of SIDS and other sleep-related causes of infant death.
- Do not use home heart or breathing monitors.
- Give your baby plenty of tummy time when he or she is awake and when someone is watching.
Helping Those Who Have Lost a Child to SIDS
The death of an infant is a traumatic event that affects the entire family for the rest of their lives.
The impact of a SIDS death affects parents, siblings, grandparents, the extended family, babysitters, friends and many others. Be aware and sensitive to the feelings and needs of these people — allow them to talk about the baby, what happened, their feelings and concerns.
Support services and accurate information can help those affected by the loss of a child to SIDS. Contact your local health department to obtain support services for families affected by a SIDS death.
Fact |
An adiabatic temperature change is the change in temperature a parcel of air undergoes when it rises or sinks. The dewpoint changes as a parcel rises or sinks even though the amount of moisture in the parcel of air remains the same.
| An adiabatic temperature change is the change in temperature a parcel of air undergoes when it rises or sinks. The dewpoint changes as a parcel rises or sinks even though the amount of moisture in the parcel of air remains the same.
When unsaturated air rises the temperature decreases by 10 Celsius (C) for each kilometer the air rises. When air sinks it warms by 10 C for each kilometer. If the temperature of air is 7 C and it rises 1 kilometer while remaining unsaturated it will cool to - 3 C once it has risen 1 kilometer.
When unsaturated air rises, the dewpoint decreases by 2 C per kilometer. This occurs because thermodynamic properties of the air such as pressure and volume are changing. If the dewpoint of a sample of air is 16 C and it rises 1 kilometer while remains unsaturated the dewpoint will decrease to 14 C once it has risen 1 kilometer. The dewpoint increases by 2 C per each kilometer the air sinks. Therefore, the parcel of air that had the dewpoint decrease to 14 C will increase back to 16 C once the parcel sinks back down 1 kilometer.
When air is saturated the temperature rate of cooling is not the same as when the air is unsaturated. However, sinking air will always warm at 10 C per kilometer and the dewpoint of sinking air will always increase by 2 C per kilometer. Once air begins the sink the relative humidity will decrease below 100% since the temperature increases at a rate more than the dewpoint increases when air sinks.
Saturated air cools at a rate that is less than 10 C per kilometer. The rate varies between about 4 C per kilometer to very near 10 C per kilometer. The rate is closer to 4 C per kilometer if the dewpoint of the air is very high and the rate is closer to |
You must have read and heard in many health articles, seminars, and TV programs how diabetes is slated to become the next most common disease/disorder. As I’m writing this article, diabetes has become a common disorder in our lives for many years | You must have read and heard in many health articles, seminars, and TV programs how diabetes is slated to become the next most common disease/disorder. As I’m writing this article, diabetes has become a common disorder in our lives for many years now.
According to a survey in India, diabetes has also attacked the lower income group and daily wage workers. Heightened awareness of diabetes is a must. Clubbing this awareness with information about how to fight diabetes is imperative.
It’s important to understand the types of diabetes and work outs one can perform while battling these types.
This type is also known as Insulin dependent diabetes. The insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas are damaged. Usually people under 40 years of age are affected with this type of diabetes. The patients have to take regular doses of insulin leading to several times a day. It’s imperative that they follow the doctor’s advice and maintain a strict regime of diet and exercise. Patients with Type 1 diabetes are also prone to cardiovascular. These patients need to produce good cholesterol.
Exercises that help patients suffering from Type 1 diabetes are:
1) Stretching: Legs, thighs, arms, and waist stretching will give enough pumps to the blood. Performing simple yogasanas is better than stretching exercises. Practicing yogasanas daily will guarantee excellent results and will help a great deal in keep diabetes in control.
2) Aerobics: Walking, running, jogging, and treadmill are some of the aerobics exercises which will increase heart beat rate and deepen breathing.
3) Strengthening: You must consult your doctor or a physiotherapist to know the best suited strengthening exercises. It will be an added advantage to work on strengthening your muscles.
This is the most common type affecting 90% of the patients. This type of diabetes makes a late entry into the patient’s body.
Type 2 is also insulin resistant increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease by two times. Even though this type of diabetes is genetically prone, lifestyle factors like diet, exercise etc are also responsible for it. It’s important to bring blood sugar level under control by maintaining diet and exercise.
Once it comes under controllable figures one can start using insulin under doctor’s care. While exercising Type 2 patients need to be extra careful. It’s advisable to check sugar levels before and after a workout. Workout session can last upto 30 minutes.
Exercises that help patients suffering from Type 2 are:
1) Resistance training: Follow a low intensity exercise focusing on major muscle groups. Perform the exercises in 2 sets, each set consisting 10-15 times. Repeat atleast 2 days in a week.
2) Flexibility: Workout sessions of stretching for 2-3 days a week. Remember that you should only stretch until you don’t feel pain. Each set of exercise should contain 10-15 times of repeat.
3) Cardiovascular: These exercises are recommended for daily sessions spanning from 20-60 minutes. These include walking, jogging, running, tread mill, weight exercises, steps etc.
More and more women are experiencing diabetes during pregnancy. Risks of diabetes during pregnancy include the baby developing obesity and diabetes at a later stage. Remember to eat smaller quantities increasing the number of times of intake. The mother is also at risk of becoming a type 2 at a later stage. One can control gestational diabetes through diet and low intensity exercises.
Exercises that help these patients are:
1) Light walking for around 15-20 minutes.
2) Meditation will keep you calm and active. Women suffering from gestational diabetes are prone to depression. Yoga and meditation will help you overcome depression and keep you mentally active. There are only a few yogasanas one can perform during pregnancy. Have good awareness and take expert suggestion before trying any.
3) Swimming has always been suggested as one of the best advices.
It’s a careful balance between losing weight and exercising while battling diabetes. Always consult the doctor before you intend to try any new medication or exercise.
Image Source: Dreamstime |
|The Courier - N°160 - Nov - Dec 1996 - Dossier Habitat - Country reports: Fiji, Tonga |
source ref: ec160e.htm
by Eva Kaluzynska
When a cyclone strikes in the | |The Courier - N°160 - Nov - Dec 1996 - Dossier Habitat - Country reports: Fiji, Tonga |
source ref: ec160e.htm
by Eva Kaluzynska
When a cyclone strikes in the Caribbean, beware of giant flying razorblades - airborne sheets of corrugated iron that kill and maim unsuspecting victims every time. 'The use of galvanised iron sheeting for roofing is extremely dangerous in cyclone-prone areas,' says Professor Debarati Guha-Sapir, Director of the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) at th |
Ecologist Strives to Protect, Restore Chesapeake Bay
by Steve Charles
March 29, 2007
If you think research on the Chesapeake Bay has no connection to the Midwest, Dennis Whigham ’66 says you're wrong | Ecologist Strives to Protect, Restore Chesapeake Bay
by Steve Charles
March 29, 2007
If you think research on the Chesapeake Bay has no connection to the Midwest, Dennis Whigham ’66 says you're wrong.
"It’s totally relevant," the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center senior scientist from Annapolis, Maryland told faculty and students gathered in Hays Hall Wednesday for the Fifth Annual Thomas Cole Lecture. Whigham noted that the Chesapeake Bay was like a microcosm of the more expansive Mississippi River watershed, fed in part by streams here in Indiana, has helped to create an oxygen-starved "dead zone" near the river’s entrance into the Gulf of Mexico.
"This is being caused by what’s happening here in the Midwest, right here in Indiana," Whigham explained. The ecologist’s decades of studying the Chesapeake, and the steps he and others are taking to prevent further damage and restore water quality there, shed light on what can be done right here for our streams and the Ohio, Mississippi and the Gulf of Mexico.
Much of Whigham’s research on Chesapeake Bay has focused on finding and measuring indicators of the bay’s "health"—water quality, wildlife diversity, and the quality of the fisheries that, until the 1980s, were an economic driver for the region.
"If you’re going to manage the water resource, you have to go to the source of the problem," Whigham explained. "You have to do things on land to protect your aquatic resource."
For example, concentrations of nitrates in the water are one indicator of poor water quality, caused, in part, by run-off from farm fields where nitrogen fertilizer is used.
"But the Chesapeake is the nation’s largest estuary, and trying to show direct linkages in such a vast system has been difficult," Whigham explained.
Part of his task in working with the Atlantic Coast Consortium and other groups has been to develop more precise and detailed ways of collecting data that can establish those links between sources and effects.
Among the tools he uses are ecological modeling methods developed by Smithsonian senior scientist Don Weller ’74—another Wabash gradu |
Biomedical Sciences Research Focus
Through its research units, the Biomedical Research Council (BMRC) continues to build up considerable strength in six key research areas, namely: molecular, cellular and developmental biology; cancer genetics; stem cells and regenerative | Biomedical Sciences Research Focus
Through its research units, the Biomedical Research Council (BMRC) continues to build up considerable strength in six key research areas, namely: molecular, cellular and developmental biology; cancer genetics; stem cells and regenerative medicine; Immunology and infectious disease; metabolic medicine and biomedical engineering.
The BMRC research units have also established a number of internationally-competitive technological platforms which help scientists to advance their research. The core technological platforms include genomics and proteomics, structural biology, bioinformatics and bioimaging.
These research activities enable BMRC to:
- Establish a firm foundation of basic biomedical research capabilities
- Translate basic discoveries in the lab into clinical applications to improve human healthcare
- Create new scientific opportunities and discoveries through the intersection of biomedical and physical sciences & engineering, in order to tackle increasingly complex problems in the world
- Develop cutting-edge technologies to support and advance biomedical science research
Click the following research links below to read more:
Click the diagram below to read more:
Last Updated on 20 June 2012 |
History of Appleton Public Library, 1887-1997
In September 1997, the Appleton Public Library celebrated one hundred years of service to the community. What began as a small reading room organized by a private citizen has become | History of Appleton Public Library, 1887-1997
In September 1997, the Appleton Public Library celebrated one hundred years of service to the community. What began as a small reading room organized by a private citizen has become an 86,600 square foot building where dedicated library employees help people explore and enjoy the information age.
by Bonnie Poquette, Reference Librarian
with contributions from APL staff
APL's Private Origins
Nearly a decade before Appleton had a publicly-funded library, Elizabeth Jones spearheaded the first successful attempt at a community reading room in the fall of 1887. At her own expense, Jones rented rooms over Pardee's Store (near the corner of College Ave. & Morrison St.), provide |
Tackling the misery of migraine
12:00pm Saturday 24th August 2013 in News
Think a migraine is 'just another headache'? The debilitating condition affects millions but remains largely misunderstood - which Migraine Awareness Week aims | Tackling the misery of migraine
12:00pm Saturday 24th August 2013 in News
Think a migraine is 'just another headache'? The debilitating condition affects millions but remains largely misunderstood - which Migraine Awareness Week aims to change.
With more than eight million people in the UK affected, migraine is more common than diabetes, epilepsy and asthma combined. Yet it's often badly misunderstood and awareness is low.
As the Migraine Trust, a charity which supports people affected by migraine and funds research, points out, the World Health Organisation (WHO) recognises migraine as one of the most debilitating lifetime conditions. But a lot of people still think it's just a fancy word for a headache.
The trust hopes Migraine Awareness Week, which this year runs from September 1 to 7, will dispel some of the myths surrounding the condition.
Anybody can suffer from migraines, though they're more common among women, and while children can be affected, attacks usually start during teens.
Currently there's no cure, but treatments are available which can help and, most crucially, understanding migraine can make a huge difference in managing it.
When is a headache a migraine?
"Everybody gets headaches from time to time, but the difference with migraine is partly the severity - it's a much more acute, pounding painful headache, and there are other symptoms associated with it, like vomiting and sensitivity to light," says Dr Tim Woodman, medical director of policy and evidence for Bupa Health Funding.
"You generally do feel very ill with migraine, whereas most other headaches are more of a nagging discomfort."
Woodman, a former GP, suffers with migraine himself. He points out that while headaches are a main characteristic of the condition, the symptoms go far wider.
"It's actually perfectly possible to have a migraine and not even have a headache," he adds. "Migraine is a whole complex of symptoms, things like visual discomfort, and pins and needles in your hands and feet."
Some symptoms are known as 'aura' symptoms, relating to neurological disturbances like seeing flashing lights and blind spots before the eyes, temporary blindness or tunnel vision and, sometimes, numbness, dizziness and vertigo.
Speech and hearing can be affected too, and some people feel confused, struggle with memory and may experience fainting and vomiting.
A serious cond |
Can we make accountable research software?
Preamble: this post is inspired by a series of tweets that took place over the past couple of days. I am indebted to Luis Pedro Coelho (@LuisPedroCoelho) and to Robert Bu | Can we make accountable research software?
Preamble: this post is inspired by a series of tweets that took place over the past couple of days. I am indebted to Luis Pedro Coelho (@LuisPedroCoelho) and to Robert Buels (@rbuels) for a stimulating, 140-char-at-a-time discussion. Finally, my thanks (and yours, hopefully) to Ben Temperton for initiating the Bioinformatics Testing Consortium.
Science is messing around with things you don’t know. Contrary to what most high school and college textbooks say, the reality of day-to-day science is not a methodical hypothesis -> experiment -> conclusions, rinse, repeat. But it’s a lot messier than that. If there is any kind of process in science (method in madness) it is something like this:
1. What don’t I know that is interesting? E.g. how many teeth does a Piranha fish have.
2. How can I get to know that? That’s where things become messy. First is devising a method to catch a Piranha without losing a limb. So you need to build special equipment. Then you may want more than one fish, because number of teeth may vary between individuals. It may be gender d |
The Calculators ClipArt gallery provides 9 of comptometers and other early mechanical calculating devices.
Used in businesses and bookkeeping, the adding machine was a device used for calculations. "One of the…
A calculating machine
A machine for adding | The Calculators ClipArt gallery provides 9 of comptometers and other early mechanical calculating devices.
Used in businesses and bookkeeping, the adding machine was a device used for calculations. "One of the…
A calculating machine
A machine for adding and subtracting by mechanical means.
Felt Comptometer computing machine.
Leibnitz computing machine.
A calculator that performs simple arithmetic functions
This machine is used for multiplication, and division purposes. Multiplication is the mathematical operation…
Pascal computing machine.
A typewriter is a mechanical or electromechanical device with a set of "keys" that, when pressed, cause… |
Help Protect Against Infection
ChemotherapyChemotherapy—The use of drugs to destroy cancer cells. A person on chemotherapy may take one drug or a combination of drugs. Most often these drugs are given by vein using intravenous (IV) infusion | Help Protect Against Infection
ChemotherapyChemotherapy—The use of drugs to destroy cancer cells. A person on chemotherapy may take one drug or a combination of drugs. Most often these drugs are given by vein using intravenous (IV) infusion. Some can be taken by mouth or given as a shot. can cause a range of side effectsSide effect—Any undesired actions or effects of a drug or treatment. For example, common side effects of chemotherapy include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite., including nausea and vomiting, hair loss, and fatigue. One side effect that causes concern to oncologistsOncologist—A doctor who specializes in the treatment of cancer. is when you have a low white blood cellWhite blood cell (WBC)—A white blood cell is one of the three main types of blood cells. They are produced in the bone marrow and released into the blood. White blood cells are responsible for fighting infection. There are several kinds of white blood cells, including monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. count and develop a fever, which can be a sign of a potentially serious infection Infection—An invasion of microorganisms such as bacteria or viruses that have the ability to multiply and cause disease..1 You can help manage the risk of developing an infection by working with your doctor to monitor your blood counts.
Learn about ways to recognize and help prevent infections:
Know your blood counts
Your doctor may use a test called a complete blood count before and during your chemo to monitor your risk for infection.2
Steps to help prevent infection2,3
Once you begin chemo, taking the following steps can help you avoid picking up an infection:
- Wash your hands regularly with soap and plenty of water to avoid picking up an infection from things that you touch
- Use hand sanitizer if you have no access to soap and water
- Ask your friends and family to wash their hands when coming into contact with you
- Avoid people with colds or the flu
- Avoid large crowds, which may include sick people
- Bathe daily and dry your skin gently
- Use lotion to help prevent cracks in your skin
- Be careful to prevent cuts or scrapes, because they can provide entry points for infection
- If you get a cut or scrape, cover it with a clean bandage until it heals
- To prevent cuts when shaving, consider using an electric razor instead of a blade
- Handle sharp objects with caution
- Wear protective gloves when performing tasks that expose you to a risk of cuts or scrapes, such as gardening
- Cook food thoroughly to kill infection-causing bacteriaBacteria—The smallest forms of life. Bacteria are the most common causes of infections in people with cancer. Some examples of bacterial infection include food poisoning, pneumonia and strep throat. that may be in raw food
Watch for signs of infection
- Fever higher than 100.5°F (38°C)
- Cough or sore throat
- Severe constipation or loose stools or diarrhea over 24 hours
- Painful or frequent urination, or inability to urinate for more than 4 hours
- Mouth ulcers or sores in the throat or around the rectum
- Unusual vaginal discharge or itching
- Redness, swelling, or soreness of the skin around an implanted port
One side effect of chemo that causes concern to oncologists is low white blood cell counts with fever higher than 100.5°F, which can be a sign of a serious infection
To help you keep your neutrophils at a level high enough to reduce your risk for infection, your doctor may prescribe Neulasta®, which helps to boost the number of neutrophils in your body.
FIND OUT HOW TO START WITH NEULASTA® »
Neulasta® (pegfilgrastim) is a prescription medication used to reduce the risk of infection (initially marked by fever) in patients with some tumors receiving strong chemotherapy that decreases the number of infection-fighting white blood cells.
Important Safety Information
Who should not take Neulasta® (pegfilgrastim)?
Do not take Neulasta® (pegfilgrastim) if you have had an allergic reaction to Neulasta® (pegfilgrastim) or to NEUPOGEN® (Filgrastim).
What should I tell my health care provider before taking Neulasta® (pegfilgrastim)?
If you have a sickle cell disorder, make sure your doctor knows about it before using Neulasta® (pegfilgrastim).
- Spleen Rupture. Your spleen may become enlarged and can rupture while taking Neulasta® (pegfilgrastim). A ruptured spleen can cause death. The spleen is located in the upper left section of your stomach area. Call your doctor right away if you have pain in the left upper stomach area or left shoulder tip area. This pain could mean your spleen is enlarged or ruptured.
- A serious lung problem called acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Call your doctor or seek emergency care right away if you have shortness of breath, trouble breathing, or a fast rate of breathing.
- Serious Allergic Reactions. Neulasta® (pegfilgrastim) can cause serious allergic reactions. These reactions can cause shortness of breath, wheezing, dizziness, swelling around the mouth or eyes, fast pulse, sweating, and hives. If you start to have any of these symptoms, call your doctor or seek emergency care right away. If you have an allergic reaction during the injection of Neulasta® (pegfilgrastim), stop the injection. Call your doctor |
Inspiration of the Bible
"It is enough for us to add that on several occasions the Church has defined the inspiration of the canonical books as an article of faith (see Denzinger, Enchiridion, 10th ed., | Inspiration of the Bible
"It is enough for us to add that on several occasions the Church has defined the inspiration of the canonical books as an article of faith (see Denzinger, Enchiridion, 10th ed., n. 1787, 1809)."
"A Catholic may claim this additional certitude without falling into a vicious circle, because the infallibility of the Church
in its teaching is proved independently of the inspiration of Scripture; the historical value, belonging to Scripture in common with every other authentic and truthful writing, is enough to prove this. "
Is this supposed to be a joke?
" God is the author of Scripture
, the inspired writer is the organ of the Holy Ghost
, Scripture is the Word of God.
" In this way St. Thomas, starting from the traditional concept which makes the sacred writer an organ of the Holy Ghost,
explains the subordination of his faculties
to the action of the Inspirer by the philosophical theory of the instrumental cause."
"These books are held by the Church as sacred and canonical, not as having been composed by merely human labour and afterwards approved by her authority, nor merely because they contain revelation without error
, but because, written under the inspiration of the Holy Ghost, they have God for their author
, and have been transmitted to the Church as such."
"The Holy Ghost Himself, by His supernatural power, stirred up and impelled the Biblical writers
to write, and assisted them while writing
in such a manner that they conceived in their minds exactly, and determined to commit to writing faithfully, and render in exact language, with infallible truth, all that God commanded and nothing else
"What becomes of human liberty under the influence of Divine inspiration? In principle, it is agreed that the Inspirer can take away from man the power of refusal."
"To induce a person to write is not to take on oneself the responsibility of that writing, more especially it is not to become the author of that writing."
So, meat puppet. This means the bible was literally written by god, who possessed the writers, and the scribe's hand did not move of his own accord, but rather as "the organ of the holy spook".
Why was that so complicated? Why did you have to make it so obscure? |
Many gardeners dream of perennial beds bursting with color from early spring to late fall. Unfortunately, most perennials have a short bloom season—but there are a few exceptions, including these:
Corydalis (Corydalis lute | Many gardeners dream of perennial beds bursting with color from early spring to late fall. Unfortunately, most perennials have a short bloom season—but there are a few exceptions, including these:
Corydalis (Corydalis lutea, Zones 5 to 8) has fernlike foliage and yellow flowers. Full sun or partial shade. Blooms late spring to early autumn.
Gaura (Gaura lindheimeri, Zones 6 to 9) has fine foliage and pink, red, or white flowers that look like butterflies. Full sun. Blooms late spring to autumn.
Mallow (Malva sylvestris, Zones 5 to 8) has lobed foliage and pinkish or purplish flowers that resemble small hollyhocks. Full sun. Blooms late spring to autumn.
Sundrops (Oenothera macrocarpa, Zones 5 to 8) have glossy green foliage and yellow cup-shaped flowers. Full sun. Blooms late spring to autumn.
Threadleafed bleeding heart (Dicentra ‘Zestful’, Zones 4 to 8) has fernlike foliage and heart-shaped flowers. Partial shade. Blooms spring to early autumn. Plants bloom longest if given plenty of moisture in summer. |
Patrick Henry's Speech At The 2nd Virginia Convention - March 23
- Saturday, March 23, 2013
Britain imposed the 1764 Currency Act, 1764 Sugar Act, 1765 Stamp Act, | Patrick Henry's Speech At The 2nd Virginia Convention - March 23
- Saturday, March 23, 2013
Britain imposed the 1764 Currency Act, 1764 Sugar Act, 1765 Stamp Act, 1765 Quartering Act, 1766 Declaratory Act, 1767 Townshend Act, 1773 Tea Act, 1774 Boston Port Act, 1774 Justice Act, 1774 Massachusetts Government Act, 1774 Quartering Act, 1774 Quebec Act, and 1775 Proclamation of Rebellion. On MARCH 23, 1775, Patrick Henry spoke to the 2nd Virginia Convention, which was meeting in Richmond's St. John's Church due to British hostilities: "I consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery...We have done everything that could be done to avert the storm which is now coming on. We have petitioned; we have remonstrated...We have prostrated ourselves before the throne...Our petitions have been slighted; our remonstrances have produced additional violence." Patrick Henry continued: "There is a just God who presides over the destines of nations...who will raise up friends to fight our battle for us. The battle, sir, is not to the strong alone; it is to the vigilant, the active, the brave...Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death."
Recently on American Minute with Bill Federer
Have something to say about this article? Leave your comment via Facebook below!
Listen to Your Favorite Pastors
Add Crosswalk.com content to your siteBrowse available content |
David A. Patterson and Randall E. Basham have produced the first book and CD-ROM to combine text, video and graphs to clearly describe and illustrate how social workers can use spreadsheets to collect data, analyze statistics and create graphs of research results | David A. Patterson and Randall E. Basham have produced the first book and CD-ROM to combine text, video and graphs to clearly describe and illustrate how social workers can use spreadsheets to collect data, analyze statistics and create graphs of research results. Students and professionals will find this an excellent guide to taking advantage of spreadsheet software, an underutilized, inexpensive and commonly available data analytic tool found in most, if not all, agency settings.
Data Analysis with Spreadsheest offer instructors clearly articulated descriptions and video demonstrations of data analysis procedures that are commonly referred to in research and practice evaluation texts. This text and CD-ROM present a variety of ways to select random samples and clearly demonstrate how to produce descriptive statis |
Asset allocators create portfolios, often in the form of mutual funds, with the intention to turn in good results in both “bull” and “bear” markets.
(A) with the intention ---> prepositional phrase modifies portfolios; however it creates | Asset allocators create portfolios, often in the form of mutual funds, with the intention to turn in good results in both “bull” and “bear” markets.
(A) with the intention ---> prepositional phrase modifies portfolios; however it creates an image that the portfolios have an intention (in active sense) which is illogical. Also, with the intention to is unidiomatic;
(B) the intention of which is ----> The subject of the sentence is portfolios; the adverbial phrase "often in the form of mutual funds" presents additional information (adjectival) modifying portfolios. Now, "the intention of which is" modifies "mutual funds"; Besides being wordy and passive it modifies the wrong entity - mutual funds; It's the portfolios that have been created (comprising of Mutual Funds) to turn in good results...
(C) intended --> Here the participle "intended" modifies "portfolios". Yes one may ask why does it not modify "mutual funds"; All i can say is the adverbial phrase (often in the form of mutual funds) is adjectival and hence parenthetical (can be removed without causing loss of clarity) -- the participle always modifies the nearest noun in the sentence after the sentence is stripped clear of intervening modifying phrases.
(D) and intending --> intending modifies asset allocators; but it's the portfolios that are intended to turn in good results.
(E) so intended as ---> unidiomatic; tries to use the pattern so adjective as; however so adjective as requires a to be verb after as.
Look out for the meaning of the sentence also, before deciding any particular solution.
I'm amazed by your strict understanding of sentence structure. Thank you for your excellent explanation
IMO, grammar books specifically written for sentence structures are more useful than ordinary grammar books.
Thanks Laxie. There are so many unresolved questions/concepts that it's still a mind boggling carcass of grammar rules that have to be dealt with every time one attempts to answer these questions.
Partcipial phrases/participles continue to be an enigma especially when they are separated from their subjects by intervening prepositional phrases. I haven't found ONE rock solid rule that could bail us out.
One rule that I have very clearly understood so far relates to SV agreement. No matter what modifiers come in between, they cannot govern the SV agreement; once you've located the subject, the verb must always be made to agree with it.
However, relative clauses and participial mod |
Researchers identified a rare genetic mutation that may open a new avenue for treating Tourette syndrome in a study published Wednesday that examined a family in which the father and all eight children suffer from the neurological disorder.
The family's mutation affected a gene required to | Researchers identified a rare genetic mutation that may open a new avenue for treating Tourette syndrome in a study published Wednesday that examined a family in which the father and all eight children suffer from the neurological disorder.
The family's mutation affected a gene required to produce histamine. Pharmaceutical companies are already developing drugs for other conditions that target the brain's histamine system. The study's researchers are planning a clinical trial of adults with Tourette to see if those drugs would help control the motor and vocal tics that characterize the condition.
Tourette syndrome is believed to affect 1% of the population. The condition is not life-threatening but can be debilitating. The tics, which can involve eye blinking, grunting and shouting, often appear initially in mid-childhood. Scientists don't know the disorder's cause but believe it has a strong genetic component.
Current treatments, such as the antipsychotic drug Haldol or the seizure drug Klonopin, are mainly used to control symptoms. But the drugs have side effects, including weight gain and drowsiness, and doctors said there was widespread recognition that better therapies were needed.
The study, published by the New England Journal of Medicine, said the gene mutation appeared to be very rare.
"It gives us a very critical window into at least one known genetic disruption that leads to Tourette syndrome," said Laura Mamounas, a program director at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Strokes in Bethesda, Md., which is funding Tourette research and is part of the National Institutes of Health.
The study, led by Matthew State, co-director of the Yale Program on Neurogenetics and an associate professor at Yale University School of Medicine, looked at a family in which the 47-year-old father and all eight children, ranging in ages from nine to 23, had been diagnosed with Tourette syndrome. The 45-year-old mother, her parents and members of her extended family did not have the disorder.
Dr. State's lab took DNA samples from all family members and was able to find one region of the genome that everyone with the disorder shared. By analyzing all 51 known genes in the region, the researchers identified a mutation in a gene required to produce histamine. Histamine plays a role in allergic reactions, but is also a neurotransmitter that influences brain functions, including sleep and cognition.
A 2009 paper in Drug Discovery Today cited efforts at pharmaceutical companies, including Abbott Laboratories and Pfizer Inc., to develop therapies to increase the release of brain histamine to treat conditions including Alzheimer's disease, sleep problems and schizophrenia.
Spokeswomen for both companies confirmed they have histamine compounds in clinical development. Regarding the drugs' possible use with Tourette, Melissa D. Brotz, a spokeswoman for Abbott, said the company "would evaluate potential research avenues as the science evolves."
Anabella Villalobos, Pfizer's interim head of neuroscience research, said the Tourette finding was intriguing, and the company was interested in learning about the planned study "and the role of histamine in the wider Tourette syndrome population.''
Lawrence Scahill, a professor of child psychiatry and nursing at Yale who treats people with Tourette syndrome, said he and Dr. State have applied for a grant to launch a two-year trial involving 20 adult patients. He said the Yale researchers were reaching out to a number of companies, which he declined to identify, to see if they could obtain hist |
Timeline: Towards Abstraction
Black is like the silence of the body after death, the close of life.
-- Wassily Kandinsky, 1911
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1994
Kandinsky, | Timeline: Towards Abstraction
Black is like the silence of the body after death, the close of life.
-- Wassily Kandinsky, 1911
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1994
Kandinsky, himself an accomplished musician, once said
Color is the keyboard, the eyes are the harmonies, the soul is the
piano with many strings. The artist is the hand that plays, touching
one key or another, to cause vibrations in the soul.
The concept that color and musical harmony are linked has a long history,
intriguing scientists such as Sir Isaac Newton. Kandinsky used color
in a highly theoretical way associating tone with timbre (the sound's
character), hue with pitch, and saturation with the volume of sound.
He even claimed that when he saw color he heard music.
Autumn in Bavaria
1908; Oil on cardboard, 33x45cm; Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris
1910 (180 Kb); Oil on canvas, 131 x 97 cm; Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow
1911 (170 Kb); Oil on canvas, 159.5 x 250.5 cm (62 7/8 x 98 5/8 in); Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfallen, Dusseldorf
1911 (170 Kb); Oil on canvas, 190 x 275 cm (6' 3 7/8" x 9' 1/4"); Private collection
Black Spot I
1912 (200 Kb); Oil on canvas, 100 x 130 cm; The Hermitage, St. Petersburg
Improvisation 31 (Sea Battle)
1914 (110 Kb); Oil on cardboard, 110 x 110 cm; Stadtische, Munich
Ravine is so coarse that, intuitively, I feel the title is wrong. It is the one given, however. And of course, the chaotic bric-à-brac image of a ravine does mesh with the Kandinsky spirit--so, away with the intuitive!''
-- Sandro Pasquali
1913 (170 Kb); Oil on canvas, 195 x 300 cm (6' 4 3/4" x 10'); Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg
1913 (200 Kb); Oil on canvas, 200 x 300 cm (6' 6 3/4" x 9' 11 1/8"); Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow
Fragment 2 for Composition VII
1913 (180 Kb); Oil on canvas, 87.5 x 99.5 cm (34 1/2 x 39 1/4 in); Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY
On White II
1923; Oil on canvas, 105 x 98cm; Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris
1923 (140 Kb); Oil on canvas, 140 x 201 cm (55 1/8 x 79 1/8 in); Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York
Black and Violet
1924; Oil on cardboard, 70x49.5cm; Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris
Yellow, Red, Blue
1925; Oil on canvas, 127x200cm; Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris
1936 (120 Kb); Oil on canvas, 113.5 x 195 cm (44 5/8 x 76 3/4 in); Musee National d'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris
1939 (160 Kb); Oil on canvas, 130 x 195 cm (51 1/8 x 76 3/4 in); Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, Dusseldorf
Born in Mos |
October 11, 2012
One important disease that impacts Root Health is Rhizoctonia. Research on the prevalence and importance of Rhizoctonia in Argentina has been conducted by Dr. Mercedes Scandiani from Laboratorio Rio Par | October 11, 2012
One important disease that impacts Root Health is Rhizoctonia. Research on the prevalence and importance of Rhizoctonia in Argentina has been conducted by Dr. Mercedes Scandiani from Laboratorio Rio Parana, as well as by Eng. Margarita Sillon from Litoral National University.
During the Latin America South (LAS) Root Health Forum held in Argentina in August, we asked Dr. Scandiani and Eng. Sillon – who each gave a presentation – about their experiences researching Rhizoctonia in Argentina.
Dr. Mercedes Scandiani from Laboratorio Rio Parana:
How does Rhizoctonia impact yield crops in Argentina?
There is not a lot of information available on diseases caused by Rhizoctonia in Argentina. This pathogen has been called Rhizoctonia sp. and R. solani in soybean, wheat, corn, beans, and chickpeas, but not much is known about the correct identification. In 2008, corn fields in the west Buenos Aires province were analyzed and showed small patches of affected plants. The causal agent in those fields was identified as Rhizoctonia solani. The symptoms were stunted plants, foliar discoloration and dead plants. Yield losses of 33 to 60% were reported. Rhizoctonia is frequently mentioned in soybean as the causal agent of pre-emergence and post-emergence damping-off and root rot in adult plants.
What approach did you use to gather knowledge and data on Rhizoctonia?
In 2010/11, we conducted a survey in collaboration with Syngenta. For this survey, soil samples were analyzed from commercial fields in the west centre of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe and Entre Rios provinces, where soybean and wheat were previously grown. Using the phytopathological classic methodology, isolations from soybean seedlings with postemergence infected stems used as trap crop were carried out. Based upon morphological description and DNA sequence analyses of the twenty isolates obtained, and considering this small Rhizoctonia collection, a broad spectrum of Rhizoctonia spp. was obtained. Rhizoctonia multinucleate, as well as binucleate Rhizoctonia, from different AGs were detected. The most abundant R. solani (Thanatephorus cucumeris) anastomosis groups (AG) were AG-4 HGI (4 isolates) and AG-8 (4 isolates), followed by AG-3-TB (3 isolates), AG-6 (2 isolates), AGGV2 (2 isolates), AG9 (1 isolate) and 4 unidentified isolates. The population of binucleate Rhizoctonia (Ceratobasidium species) obtained included AG-Fb and AG-A.
Did you see a relationship between the AG and the geographic origin of the sample?
We found that AG4 was isolated from samples of historical soybean fields under no tillage conditions, while AG8 was obtained from samples with wheat/soybean history and AG3 from tillaged fields in rotation with potatoes.
Why do you think correct identification of the pathogen is relevant?
In Argentina, it was always assumed that AG4 was the pathogen of soybean; however, we found that Rhizoctonia (Ceratobasidium species) AG-Fb was highly pathogenic to soybean in this study. Knowledge about the pathogen identity makes it possible to carry out research about its distribution, hosts range, chemical and biological control through seeds treatments, genetic behavior of the crop and establish suitable management strategies.
Eng. Margarita Sillon, Pathologist, Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Litoral National University, Argentina:
How do you see the relevance of Rhizoctonia solani for central Argentina?
Rhizoctonia is a pathogen that is increasing its prevalence over the last 10 years in this region. In general, we see that several soil pathogens have a stronger and more damaging impact on crop development. The minimum tillage and reduced crop rotation in Argentina allows survival of soil fungi on crop debris and exposes the plant roots to a complex |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.