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For When You Feel Depressed and Discouraged | Books & Music
Food & Wine
Health & Fitness
Hobbies & Crafts
Home & Garden
News & Politics
Religion & Spirituality
Travel & Culture
TV & Movies
For When You Feel Depressed and Discouraged
Some days can be "sunny" days, when we feel like we are capable individuals. But then there are those days when the storm clouds of life move in. That's when our thought processes become quite important.
Albert Ellis was a psychologist that taught the importance of our thoughts leading the outcomes of our lives. He taught that between an action or activity that impacts us and the ensuing choice we make, that there really is a step in between those two points: our belief about what just happened.
For example, the other day I saw a bicyclist nearly get run over by a large semi-truck. From one perspective, it seemed liked the bicyclist was at fault because he hadn't been looking forward (after all, a semi-truck is rather large). On the other hand, the semi-truck did nearly run over the bicyclist. Even if the bicyclist was at fault, as human beings we should be considerate of each other...even if the other person is at fault. In other words, a truck driver should stop to avoid running over an at-fault bicyclist.
What was the bicyclist's response to his near demise? In this particular case, the man continued to scream obscenities at the truck driver as the truck disappeared in the distance.
Could the bicyclist's adrenaline rush be understood after nearly being killed? Of course. But I mused on the thought processes that were speeding through the man's mind. Point "A" (or the external action/activity), according to the psychologist Albert Ellis, was nearly getting killed. Point "C" (or the resulting choice by the receiving individual...in this situation, the bicyclist) was a huge flow of obscenities. But just what was Point "B", the bicyclist's beliefs about the event that led to "C" (or his choice to spew obscenities)?
If the bicyclist had held thoughts of amazement that he was still alive and was overcome with the miracle of life, the words flowing from his mouth would have been quite different...perhaps even praises heavenward for receiving another day of life. But instead, his internal thoughts (or "B"=belief/perspective) influenced the flow of words to be full of hate.
Not having lived the man's life, I cannot comprehend what has influenced his "B"s (or perspective/beliefs) that shaped his "C" (his choice) at that moment. But it was a most interesting example to me of what Albert Ellis made his life's work about. That it is our thoughts that determine most often our responses to perceived events.
Which leads me to the following beautiful paragraph from a beautiful woman, Julie B. Beck, General Relief Society President when she stated this:
Julie B. Beck, Relief Society general president: “You are literally spirit daughters of Deity, ‘offspring of exalted parents’ with a divine nature and an eternal destiny. You received your first lessons in the world of spirits from your heavenly parents. You have been sent to earth to ‘prove’ yourselves. …“You are treasured children of the promise. If you will keep the Lord’s statutes and commandments and hearken to His voice, He has promised that He will make you high above the nations in name and honor and praise” (“You Have a Noble Birthright,” Liahona and Ensign, May 2006, 106, 108).
My whole point in sharing her thoughts? If we as daughters of Deity hold tightly this statement above, how could that shape OUR responses to any near-misses (or even real hits) from "semi-truck" tragedies? If between our Point As (of outward actions or events) and our Point Cs (our choices or responses to those events), if we understood the truth of Point B (that we are indeed daughters of Deity), our responses could become deeper, more profound, and more serenely elegant...even in the face of the huge semi-trucks of life.
Not always easy to achieve. My husband has been laid off from his job twice; each time this came unexpectedly. My baby died during his sleep; I was the one to find him. My family has had other unexpected near-misses and actual hits by unexpected "semi-trucks" in life. It has only been when I've drawn closer to God that I've understood with clarity the truth of what Sister Beck has shared. And I begin then to find and feel the peace that only the Son of God can bring to a tormented and frightened soul.
Struggling with your teens? C.S. Bezas' book is an essential help for parents and youth leaders. Powerful Tips for Powerful Teachers teaches you how to create powerful change. Visit your local LDS bookstore or get yours here.
Content copyright © 2013 by C |
Classroom English is a collection of useful phrases and expression that will help even the lowest
level students communicate in the classroom.
The following expressions can be used to tell a speaker he or she is talking too fast:
Please, slow down.
Please | Classroom English is a collection of useful phrases and expression that will help even the lowest
level students communicate in the classroom.
The following expressions can be used to tell a speaker he or she is talking too fast:
Please, slow down.
Please, speak more slowly.
Please, don't speak so fast.
The following expressions should be used if you need the speaker to repeat what he or she said:
Please, repeat that.
Please, say that again.
Would you repeat that, please?
Would you repeat/say that again, please?
The following expressions should be used if you don't know how to spell a word:
How do you spell that?
How do you spell ________? |
Are Mild Winters Creating More Insect Problems?
In 2012, agronomist Ed Corrigan got an early start to scouting crops for insect damage.
"Because of the record warmth in March and April, that really drove the insects | Are Mild Winters Creating More Insect Problems?
In 2012, agronomist Ed Corrigan got an early start to scouting crops for insect damage.
"Because of the record warmth in March and April, that really drove the insects to emerge earlier than normal," Corrigan said. "And of course the crop was planted, and the heat really tends to really activate their systems."
The drought also weakened defensive traits and supercharged the insects' diets.
"The juice, inside the corn plants, soybean plants, alfalfa, all plants, has less water in it, and more nutrition," Corrigan said. "And that stimulates an additional amount of growth and activity of those insects."
Spider mites and leaf-eating beetles went after the soybeans and root worms went after corn roots before they started what is referred to as silk clipping.
"Root worms hatch into a beetle and that tends to cut the silks and doesn't allow the corn to pollinate," Corrigan said. "Of course in dry weather, pollination is very key and very short lived."
According to Illinois State Museum Zoology Chairman Dr. Tim Cashatt, those insects may have survived in greater numbers due to the mild winter, conditions which may be repeating right now.
"We've not hit zero yet, here," Cashatt said. "And just intermittent, cold freezes isn't going to help deter insect populations at this point."
But the harshness of the winter isn't the only thing affecting the survival of the insects.
"It also depends on parasite populations, diseases, and predators," Cashatt said. "And all of these are also dependent on climate as well. It's a balance between all these, and it's very difficult to pin this to one particular factor."
The fact that the bugs had such a good year in 2012 may give them an additional head start in 2013.
"Number one is that there's a lot of them," Corrigan said. "The second thing is that the egg lay is potentially deeper. And in dry soil conditions, we've got cracks in the soils. They will move down and lay deeper, and that protects them from the winter freezes and a lot of the mortality of that insect over the winters."
Reporting in Sangamon County, Mike Brooks, ABC NewsChannel 20. |
Lahugala Kitulana National Park
The Lahugala Park was initially declared a sanctuary on 1 st July 1966 and then upgraded to a national park on 1 st October 1980. Although this is one of | Lahugala Kitulana National Park
The Lahugala Park was initially declared a sanctuary on 1 st July 1966 and then upgraded to a national park on 1 st October 1980. Although this is one of the smallest national parks in the country, this is a popular location for elephant enthusiasts and bird watchers.
There are 3 tanks within the park. They are, Lahugala (243ha), Kitulana and Sengamuwa. The water from these tanks flow in to the Heda Oya. These tanks are largely silted up and support an abundance of Beru grass, which is a delicacy for elephants. These lakes also support a large variety of birds, local as well as migratory.
Being in the dry zone, the land is generally flat with occasional boulder formations. In addition to the elephants, the park is home to the endemic toque macaque, common languor, sloth bear, jackal, rusty spotted cat, fishing cat, leopard, wild bear, Indian muntjac, spotted deer, sambar, pangolin and black naped hare. The tanks and the surround area has become nestling places for wetland birds like pelican, purple heron, painted stork, lesser adjutant stork, white bellied sea eagle, grey headed fishing eagle, common kingfisher, stork billed kingfisher and white breasted kingfisher. Endemic comb duck, rare red-faced malkoha and Sri Lankan Spur fowl too can be seen the park.
There is no accommodation in the park it self, but Pothuvil and Monaragala can be used as the base when visiting the park.
On the nor then edge of the park is the Magula Maha Viharaya, an ancient temple built by king Devanmpiyathissa in the second century BC. This is said to be the location the king married princess Vihara Maha Devi. The foundations of the “Magul maduwa” where the wedding ceremony took place can still be seen in the vihara premises. The entire Vihara complex had covered an extent of around 10,000 acres where ruins of a palace, moonstone, monastery, bo-maluwa, stupas, ponds etc. are found scattered all over. The moonstone here is said to be unique in the country as this is the only location where e |
Feb. 22, 2001 Washington, D.C. -- 16 February 2001-- Will genetically modified food benefit society, or will it ultimately pose threats to human health, the environment and the world economy? These questions are debated | Feb. 22, 2001 Washington, D.C. -- 16 February 2001-- Will genetically modified food benefit society, or will it ultimately pose threats to human health, the environment and the world economy? These questions are debated in scientific circles, but the public gets just a narrow glimpse of the debates, usually in highly charged news articles.
That will change this week with the launching of a Web-based forum that will provide the public and policy makers with the tools to understand the debate over genetically modified foods (GMF). The information available on-line will come from top scientists in the field who study the techniques of genetic engineering and their impact on human health and the environment.
“Controversies Surrounding Genetically Modified Food” is the latest product of the SCOPE (Science Controversies On-Line: Partnerships in Education) Project ("http://scope.educ.washington.edu"). The Web-based project is the work of editors at Science magazine, which is published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), and scientists at the University of California-Berkeley and the University of Washington. The groups are collaborating in order to provide a balanced scientific view of related issues and to do so in a way that might be useful to educators, scientists, policy makers, and the general public.
“The challenge, of course, is to enable non-specialists to engage in the debate intelligently and critically,” said Alan McHughen, a contributor to the site and professor and senior research scientist at the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, Canada. “We do this by providing enough accurate information, balanced between being superficially simplistic and overwhelmingly technical.”
Science editor Donald Kennedy notes that the magazine’s participation in the SCOPE project is a natural fit. “Science and AAAS are concerned whenever new scientific findings and new technologies raise important challenges for public policy,” Kennedy said. “Genetically modified foods have produced a public controversy that demands good scientific information -- and that is what SCOPE was developed to provide.”
The GMF debate is the third to be posted on the four-year-old SCOPE site. The first two controversies focused on the world's declining amphibian population and on malaria and the use of DDT to contain it. The National Science Foundation is a major funder of the effort.
One of the architects of the SCOPE site is Philip Bell, assistant professor in the University of Washington’s College of Education. He sees the SCOPE site as a way to give students in particular a view of “science in the making. ”
“Before a settled notion about the natural world is reached in the scientific community, there is a whole process that scientists engage in to explore competing accounts,” Bell said. “Often, that is a controversial process. We are trying to bring kids into this process so they can develop an image of the nature of science that actually reflects the practice of science.”
In addition to commentaries on different scientific aspects of genetic modification of food, the site provides a glossary of terms, links to other relevant sites, a model curriculum for teaching the science of genetic modification, a resource library, and answers to questions posed to scientists by editors at Science.
The site has sections for educators, scientists and the general public. The education section allows teachers to design and post curriculum projects on-line, and encourages students to produce their own documents for SCOPE, and to exchange emails with members of the scientific community. Anyone who signs up to become a member of SCOPE is asked to provide an "insight" into some aspect of one of the three topics that now occupy the Web site. An interactive component allows readers of the insights to respond, and the responses are also posted on the site.
The SCOPE project brings together the worlds of science, education and journalism, that often lack understanding of each other’s role in teaching science, says Marcia C. Linn, professor at UC Berkeley and principal investigator for the SCOPE project.
“The SCOPE project enables scientists to communicate to a broader audience without wasting valuable time,” Linn said. “And by collaborating with teachers, scientists, and technologists we can understand a contemporary controversy from multiple perspectives while designing materials that capture the nature of scientific advance.”
Founded in 1848, AAAS is the world’s largest federation of scientists with more than 138,000 individual members and 273 affiliated societies. The Association publishes the weekly, peer-reviewed journal Science and administers EurekAlert! "http://www.eurekalert.org") the online news service featuring the latest discoveries in science and technology and other Internet features.
Other social bookmarking and sharing tools:
The above story is based on materials provided by American Association For The Advancement Of Science.
Note: Materials may be e |
|1. Life / Food & Drink / Breads, Cereals, Grains, Pulses & Pasta|
A Brief History of Toast
The ancient Egyptians, around 6000 years ago, were the first to develop the bread that | |1. Life / Food & Drink / Breads, Cereals, Grains, Pulses & Pasta|
A Brief History of Toast
The ancient Egyptians, around 6000 years ago, were the first to develop the bread that we know today. They realised that if they let the bread sit out in Egypt's warm climate it would rise, and when baked would retain its risen shape. However, they also noticed that after a few days in the dry desert air, the bread would become hard and unpleasant to eat.
Toasting bread in ancient times was a means of preserving it. The Romans spread the idea of toast throughout Europe, even into Britain, and the colonists brought toast to the Americas. The word 'toast,' in fact, comes from the Latin word tostum, meaning scorch or burn. Toast is essentially burnt bread, so the name makes sense.
At first bread was toasted by holding it over a fire or by lying it on a hot stone. Some earlier toasters were wire frames that sat over a fireplace. The invention of electricity led to the invention of the modern toaster. Before the toaster could be built, however, a certain nickel-chromium alloy called ni-chrome had to be developed so that the toast could be heated. This is why the toaster arrived on the scene after other appliances.
The first toasters were produced in the early 1900s; the first commercially successful toaster appeared in 1909. The first automatic, or 'pop-up', toaster for the home was the Toastmaster, developed in 1926. There was even a knob that the user turned to determine the degree of darkness. The Toastmaster caused quite a stir, and along with the invention of sliced bread, it helped open the age of the automatic toaster. By the 1940s, most toasters were automatic.
Over the years toasters have become more commonplace and dull. Today most homes (88% in the US) have a toaster. Toast has become an everyday sort of thing. However, it is still possible to respect toast. Although at first used simply to preserve bread, toast is also crunchier and easier to spread things on than regular bread. Some prefer the taste of toast to plain bread. Toast has also influenced the development of peanut butter, butter, and jam. Sure, you could spread any of these items on something else, but it just wouldn't be the same without toast.
There are a vast number of toast lovers in the world, and with the Internet they have found a new medium. There is an immense network of toast-dedicated websites, including a toast bible, songs about toast, and all sorts of toast and toaster memorabilia. For example, visit Dr Toast for toast recipes, related links, and so on.
New interest has recently been aroused in a toast-related phenomenon involving Murphy's Law; it has been claimed throughout recent history that toast, when dropped, will always land buttered-side down. Most scientists call this idea nonsense, but some hang on to the belief. Science journalist, Robert Matthews has an interesting example of this.
The Future of Toast
Exciting new developments occur everyday involving the future of toast. Progress has been made in areas such as talking toasters that respond to voice commands regarding bread darkness. Some have even worked on a brilliant perpetual motion theory involving cats and buttered toast. Alright, maybe this last one wouldn't work, but you never know until you try. There is also word of a toaster that burns weather predictions into the side of your toast. It gets the predictions by means of an Internet connection.
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- HANDSAW TYPES
- A frameless saw, as opposed to a bowsaw or other framesaw, used to cut wood.
- crosscut saw
- In this context, a handsaw used to cut a board through its width | - HANDSAW TYPES
- A frameless saw, as opposed to a bowsaw or other framesaw, used to cut wood.
- crosscut saw
- In this context, a handsaw used to cut a board through its width (across the grain).
The name is also used for manual saws designed to cut down trees.
- rip saw
- A saw with rip teeth meant for cutting a board along its length (with the grain).
- panel saw
- A handsaw 24 inches in length or less.
- A saw with a thick steel or brass spine, used for joinery or with a miterbox for accurate cutting.
- dovetail saw
- A small backsaw used for fine joints, particularly dovetails for drawers.
- SAW PARTS
- parts of a saw
- The toe is the end of the saw away from the handle. The heel is the end near the handle. The front of the saw is the part where the teeth are found. The back is the part opposite the teeth that faces up in normal use. The nib is the bump on the back of many older saws, near the toe. It serves no purpose other than decoration. The etch and medallion are on the left side of the saw.
- The proper name for the enlarged face of one |
Barton County, Missouri
- Formed: 1857
- County Population 1860: 1,817
- Slave Population 1860: 21
- Civil War Engagements-Suffered constant guerrilla warfare
| Barton County, Missouri
- Formed: 1857
- County Population 1860: 1,817
- Slave Population 1860: 21
- Civil War Engagements-Suffered constant guerrilla warfare
Image courtesy of Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield
Barton County, Missouri is located on the Missouri-Kansas border. It has many sources of fresh water including the Sac, White, and Osage Rivers, Coon, Horse, Little and Big Drywood, Duval, West Fork, and Muddy Creeks. Farmers cultivated corn, grazing grasses, fruits, and vegetables. There area also contained natural iron ore and coal deposits, which are very important to local industry. Timber resources include elm, hickory, oak, and walnut, and building stones include limestone and sandstone.
Originally Osage territory, Barton County’s first non-Native American settler was Allen Petty. Other early settlers included George E. Ward, Charles VanPelt, David Norris, and John Apperson. The county was officially established in 1857 from parts of Jasper County, and Allen Petty, the first county commissioner, chose the county seat at Lamar. Barton County was named after Daniel Barton, a United States Congressman from Missouri. The county court established seven townships. These were: Newton, Union, Mineral, Nashville, Lamar, North Fort, and Golden Grove. George E. Ward opened the first store, and other towns, including Liberal and Golden City, were soon established. Because Barton County borders Kansas, residents were deeply involved in the 1850s debate aver Kansas’ entry into the Union as a free or slave state. Residents commonly conducted raids back and forth across state lines.
As the Barton County population was only 1,817 in 1860, due to its formation only three years prior, the number of men who fought in the Civil War was relatively small compared to other Missouri Counties. Residents’ sympathies with the Union and the Confederacy were roughly evenly divided. Border warfare was a constant plague on the residents, and many fled to surrounding counties that were not directly on the Kansas-Missouri border. Though the population fluctuated, estimates from this period show that there were hardly ever any more than six families remaining in the county at any one time d |
Franz Von Stuck's painting depicts Christ's crucifixion as if it were an horrific, surreal spectacle. Christ's body, fastened to the cross, is elevated on a sort of stage as a ghoulish mob looks on from | Franz Von Stuck's painting depicts Christ's crucifixion as if it were an horrific, surreal spectacle. Christ's body, fastened to the cross, is elevated on a sort of stage as a ghoulish mob looks on from below, in some of whom there are shocked and awed expressions on their blurred faces. Also on this stage are the apostles whose backs face the viewer as they face the spectacle of the crucified Christ and his mother, the Virgin Mary, seems to have fainted from the ordeal and draws on the support of two saints to keep herself from falling. Thus, throughout the canvas Christ is surrounded by viewers. The sign above Christ's head furthers the sense of spectacle and distinguishes him from two other writhing figures on his either side. The sun in the corner of the picture looks like a ring of fire and casts a fiery red glow onto the background from which the ivory white of the Son of Man's body stands in relief.
The composition of th |
National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program
U.S. Geological Survey
Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4001
Nonpoint and Point Sources of Nitrogen in Major Watersheds
of the United States
By | National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program
U.S. Geological Survey
Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4001
Nonpoint and Point Sources of Nitrogen in Major Watersheds
of the United States
By Larry J. Puckett
Estimates of nonpoint and point sources of nitrogen were made for 107
watersheds located in the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality
Assessment Program study units throughout the conterminous United States.
The proportions of nitrogen originating from fertilizer, manure, atmospheric
deposition, sewage, and industrial sources were found to vary with
climate, hydrologic conditions, land use, population, and physiography.
Fertilizer sources of nitrogen are proportionally
greater in agricultural areas of the West and the Midwest than in other
parts of the Nation. Animal manure contributes large proportions of
nitrogen in the South and parts of the Northeast. Atmospheric
deposition of nitrogen is generally greatest in areas of greatest
precipitation, such as the Northeast. Point sources (sewage and industrial)
generally are predominant in watersheds near cities, where they may account
for large proportions of the nitrogen in streams. The transport of nitrogen
in streams increases as amounts of precipitation and runoff increase and is
greatest in the Northeastern United States. Because no single nonpoint
nitrogen source is dominant everywhere, approaches to control nitrogen must
vary throughout the Nation. Watershed-based approaches to understanding
nonpoint and point sources of contamination, as used by the National
Water-Quality Assessment Program, will aid water-quality and environmental
managers to devise methods to reduce nitrogen pollution.
Table of Contents
- Why be concerned about nitrogen?
- What are the major sources of nitrogen?
- Animal Manure
- Atmospheric Deposition
- Point Sources
- Proportions of nonpoint and point
sources of nitrogen
- What are the implications
for national water-quality programs?
- The National Water-Quality Assessment
- References cited
This report is available online in Portable Document Format (PDF). If you do not
have the Adobe Reader,
it is available for free download from Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Adobe Systems Incorporated has information about PDFs and the visually impaired.
This information provides tools to help make PDF files accessible. These tools
convert Adobe PDF documents into HTML or ASCII text, which then can be read
by a number of common screen-reading programs that synthesize text as audible
speech. In addition, an accessible version of Adobe Reader 8.0 for Windows
(English only), which contains support for screen readers, is available. These
tools and the accessible reader may be obtained free from Adobe at Adobe
For further information about this report, contact the National
Water-Quality Assessment Program office. |
Sep. 29, 2010 CSIRO scientists have developed a revolutionary technique for the rapid on-site detection and quantification of petroleum hydrocarbons (commonly derived from crude oil) in soil, silt, sediment, or rock.
| Sep. 29, 2010 CSIRO scientists have developed a revolutionary technique for the rapid on-site detection and quantification of petroleum hydrocarbons (commonly derived from crude oil) in soil, silt, sediment, or rock.
Developed in collaboration with waste technology specialist, Ziltek Pty Ltd, the technique means that the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons can now be quantified simply by using a hand-held infrared spectrometer to take readings at the site of interest, without the need to take samples or perform any kind of processing.
The technique could be used for oil exploration purposes. It will also be particularly useful in assessing and monitoring contaminated sites such as coastal land following off-shore oil spills and industrial sites planned for urban redevelopment.
"Petroleum hydrocarbons are a valuable resource, but can also be pretty nasty environmental contaminants," says CSIRO scientist, Sean Forrester.
"They can remain in the environment for extended periods of time and can be harmful to wildlife, plants and humans. Better tools to detect them makes a rapid response possible."
The technique uses an infrared signal to detect the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons in samples.
By contrast, current methods use sampling and processing techniques that are labour intensive, time consuming, require sensitive equipment and are not well suited to on-site analysis.
"The ability of this new technique to rapidly detect the presence of contaminants at the site has the potential to provide significant cost advantages, in terms of reduced testing costs and the avoidance of delays," Mr Forrester says.
"Rapid analysis allows immediate measures to be undertaken to prevent further contamination or to limit contaminant spread."
A significant portion of the time and financial costs involved in assessing and remediating contaminated sites is consumed by monitoring and analysis.
By decreasing analysis time and reducing costs this new technique can assist in the fast and effective identification of oil and other petroleum products in the environment, as well as treatment and protection of e |
Sheet Music for Paul Revere's Ride By Webb Miller, 1884
Credit: Courtesy of American Memory
In his account of his famous ride, Paul Revere described the impetus for his journey: "…I was sent for by | Sheet Music for Paul Revere's Ride By Webb Miller, 1884
Credit: Courtesy of American Memory
In his account of his famous ride, Paul Revere described the impetus for his journey: "…I was sent for by Dr. Joseph Warren, of said Boston, on the evening of the 18th of April, about 10 o'clock; when he desired me, 'to go to Lexington, and inform Mr. Samuel Adams, and the Hon. John Hancock Esq.'" Though the lantern signal from Christ Church had been Revere's idea, he never mentions seeing it, though he does go on to say, "I set off, it was then about 11 o'clock, the moon shone bright." Anyone who learned the story from Henry Wadsworth Longfellow heard it told a little differently. Virtually all students, at one point or another in their schooling, are exposed to Longfellow's ballad, "Paul Revere's Ride." How accurate is it? Is it responsible for Revere's ride achieving such iconic status?
Provide the opportunity for your students to think about the answers to these and other questions as they read primary and secondhand accounts of events during the American Revolution. Extend the study of American Revolutionary history into literature by discussing how Revere's ride has been dealt with in poems by Longfellow and others.
Note: Your students can learn more about other rides during the American Revolution in the related EDSITEment lesson plan Not Only Paul Revere: Other Riders of the American Revolution
What are the essential differences between Longfellow's account of Paul Revere's ride and historical fact? Why does Revere's ride occupy such a prominent place in the American consciousness?
After completing the lessons in this unit, students will be able to
Ask the students what they know about Paul Revere. Read with the class a brief biography of Paul Revere, such as the one available on the website of the Paul Revere House, a link from the EDSITEment resource Internet Public Library, skipping (for now) any sections specifically about the ride.
Ask students to identify any facts about Revere heard in the biography that they did not previously know, and keep a class list of these new facts on the chalkboard or elsewhere. Do the students believe Revere would have been remembered for other achievements even if he had never been on that famous ride?
If desired, review with the class the political/military circumstances surrounding Paul Revere's ride. The EDSITEment resource Learner.org features a pertinent timeline as part of its Biography of America. To help students understand the political situation in 1775, access additional information about events on the timeline by clicking on the "T" in the right-hand column. Share with the class these two opposing accounts of events surrounding the Battle of Lexington, written at the time the events occurred. Both are from the EDSITEment-reviewed website American Memory:
Discuss the similarities and differences between the accounts. Do they help answer the question, "Who fired the'shot heard 'round the world'?" Or, do they add to the confusion?
Divide the class into as many as eight groups (six, if you choose not to use the online presentation below), assigning each of the following accounts to one or two groups:
Encourage students to make note of the details of their account's version of the ride. If desired, you can use or adapt the PDF handout, Keeping Track of Pa |
A recent international scientific study on Russian soils raises concerns that acid rain may have serious implications for forest growth in the U.S., particularly in eastern areas such as the Adirondack and Catskill regions of New York according to the U.S. | A recent international scientific study on Russian soils raises concerns that acid rain may have serious implications for forest growth in the U.S., particularly in eastern areas such as the Adirondack and Catskill regions of New York according to the U.S. Geological Survey.
"We've known that acid rain acidifies surface waters, but this is the first time we've been able to compare and track tree growth in forests that include soil changes due to acid rain," said USGS scientist Greg Lawrence, who headed the study.
The team included scientists from Russia, the State University of New York at Albany, the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, and the U.S. Forest Service.
Lawrence said that despite several decades of research, up until now acid rain effects on forests have not been well known, largely because it's not been known how acid rain affects soil.
"Russians invented the study of soil science and through their help, a large step forward has been taken in measuring acid rain effects on soils and trees," he said. "By providing the only preserved soil in the world collected before the acid rain era, the Russians helped our international team track tree growth for the first time with changes in soil from acid rain."
This study, conducted near St. Petersburg, Russia, showed that, in about 50 years, acid rain had severely degraded a previously fertile soil to the point at which spruce trees could no longer maintain healthy growth rates. Poor growth rates such as these generally precede high mortality rates in the near future. The declining tree health has occurred despite a warmer and wetter climate in this region that would be expected to improve growth.
These results have direct relevance to the United States, where large areas of eastern forests, such as the Adirondack and Catskill regions of New York, have soils that are likely to be more sensitive to acid rain than those studied in Russia. Lawrence said that these findings also broaden the question of recovery from acid rain beyond that of just surface waters.
Details of the study have been posted in the March web version of Environmental, Science and Technology journal.
Source: Eurekalert & othersLast reviewed: By John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on 21 Feb 2009
Published on PsychCentral.com. All rights reserved.
I am always doing that which I can not do, in order that I may learn how to do it.
-- Pablo Picasso |
The first thing that needs to be addressed is that school starts with the parents. There is very little control given to a first grader when they start going to school. However, it does get to a point where the student has to be the | The first thing that needs to be addressed is that school starts with the parents. There is very little control given to a first grader when they start going to school. However, it does get to a point where the student has to be the primary driver of their educational career. This is the time that students need to realize that what they take from their education is directly associated with their future career options.
It’s an unfortunate economic situation that we are pushing this generation into right now. There are not as many guarantees when choosing a career as there used to be. Most students are staying in school for as long as they can in order to wait out the recession, which has decreased the job pool and put experience professionals back on the market for major corporations to sift through.
One major conflict for high school students is standardized tests. These have been disproven many times to have nothing to do with what knowledge a student actually maintains or the level of their skills. There were a great many geniuses in history that failed certain classes and tests and still managed to do great things.
A big part of the career world is the connections you make and especially, the ones you keep. Connections, for however brief open up all kind of avenues and new pathways to prominent career industries. Find the best possible mentors in school, college, jobs, and internships, and then make it a point to keep in contact. They can provide beneficial career advice you need.
Finally, learn to think outside the box in everything that you do. For example, a lot of exposure is happening via social media platforms. This gives students and career professionals the opportunity to create a brand for themselves. |
Steps to Prevent Spam
Whether you are getting inundated with spam or just want to prevent it, this article can help you outline steps to prevent spam and talk about the top anti-spam software programs out there. With a few easy steps you | Steps to Prevent Spam
Whether you are getting inundated with spam or just want to prevent it, this article can help you outline steps to prevent spam and talk about the top anti-spam software programs out there. With a few easy steps you can make your e-mail virtually spam-free.
What is spam?
Spam refers to unsolicited junk email that is mass mailed to thousands of email addresses at once. Spam is something that you receive even though you never signed up for it. Email spam lists are often created by scanning postings, stealing Internet mailing lists (like discussion forums), or searching the web for addresses. Be careful of websites offering prizes in return for you filling in surveys or forms or providing personal information. This may be a way for them to generate email addresses to sell to spammers.
How to Prevent Spam
- Use a separate email address when you post messages on any public forum. By using a separate email account for online uses, if it gets too crowded with spam, you can just delete it and sign up for a new one
- Never reply to spam emails – just delete it!
- Prevent spam by installing anti-spam software
- Reject all Instant Messages from people not on your buddy list – don’t click on URL links within an IM unless from a known source |
Software Bugfix: Do you only see January
in the calendar dropdown? - Click here
The following information is provided to help you understand
about blood pressure and why its measurement can be really important.
Before we dive in, let's quickly | Software Bugfix: Do you only see January
in the calendar dropdown? - Click here
The following information is provided to help you understand
about blood pressure and why its measurement can be really important.
Before we dive in, let's quickly review the three golden rules
of taking your own blood pressure.
The Golden Rules
|1) Always consult with a
professionally qualified medical practitioner/doctor.
|Taking your own blood pressure should only be done to
compliment any advice or treatment given by your doctor.
It is no substitute to the service your doctor can supply
and may not be as accurate as the readings they may take.
If at any time you are in doubt always consult with
your doctor and do not attempt self diagnosis.
The reason for taking your own readings is to provide a
record over period of time to assist your doctor who may
only be able to take measurements infrequently when you
|2) Always take your readings/measurements
at the same time of day.
|Our blood pressure can vary greatly and depends on many
factors. As a general rule it is at its lowest in the small
hours of the night when we are sleeping and at its greatest
at sometime during the day. It is also affected by what
we eat, drink do and how stressed we may be. So to try and
get a stable average it is best to always take your measurements
at the same time of day. We recommend early evening.
|3) Do not eat, drink, smoke
or exercise just before taking your measurements.
|Try to relax; do not eat, drink, smoke or do any exercise
15 minutes before takings your measurements.
Okay now lets look at things in a bit more detail. The table
below shows the topics we are going to look at:
What Is Blood Pressure?
Your blood pressure is a measure of the pressure inside
your arteries (tubes that supply blood with oxygen inside your
body) during the beating of your heart. This pressure is the
force 'behind your blood' that is needed to push it through
your blood vessels to reach every part of your body.
How Is Blood Pressure Measured?
Taking blood pressure readings can be done using differing
types of measuring device. The traditional device, and sometimes
considered the most accurate, is the Mercury sphygmomanometer.
This involves your doctor or nurse pumping up a rubber cuff
placed around your arm until your blood flow stops. The cuff
pressure is measured using something that's looks like a thermometer
but is a glass 'U' tube. This 'U' tube contains the liquid metal
Mercury. The readings taken with this equipment are measured
in millimeters (mm) of Mercury. This is the pressure of the
vessels in your arm pushing the mercury up a certain distance
of the glass tube against gravity which is then measured. This
is where the numbers for blood pressure measurement come from
(mm of Mercury/hg) regardless of the way they are measured.
More recently, electronic devices are used to replace the older
glass 'U' tube sphygmomanometer but still require the cuff being
placed around your arm.
You can do it yourself if you have a meter, but always read
the instructions carefully to ensure you are doing correctly.
What Do The Figures Mean?
Normally blood pressure is measured with two numbers,
measured in mm of Mercury (mm-hg). There is no perfect average
but '120 over 70' or '120/70' could be considered good. Often
we are told our blood pressure in these terms but do not really
know what they mean. So we need to look them in closer detail,
but before we do this, let's look at your heart:
Your heart is a pump. In engineering terms it is known as a
displacement pump or one that works on the principle of sucking
into an enclosed space then blowing out at a higher pressure
(in simple terms). Other examples of a displacement pumps are
piston pumps such as the ones we use to blow up airbeds or balloons.
In one movement they suck in and in the opposite they push out.
That's why your heart makes a 'boom boom' noise. Your 'Pulse'
is the number of times, each minute; your heart pushes blood
through your body. The Biology Place website describe how your
heart works really well and we really recommend you have a read
by clicking here
So let's look at those numbers. 120 over 70 (120/70) and what
do they indicate? The first number is known medically as the
'Systolic'. This is the pressure in your arteries
when your heart is pushing your blood, or blowing the blood
through you body in (mm-hg). The second number is known medically
as the 'Diastolic'. This is the pressure in
your arteries when your heart has finished pushing your blood
and has relaxed, preparing itself for the next 'push'. The measurement
is also in (mm-hg).
No-one has a perfect blood pressure, constantly. The human
body is a fantastic invention; it can adapt itself perfectly
to most environments.
When your body is being physically exerted, the part of your
Brain that controls your vital functions tells your heart to
beat quicker. This ensures that your blood, which carries the
valuable oxygen to your muscles and organs, gets there quicker.
Your brain reacts the same way when you are stressed since it
sees this as a threat to your existence and prepares your body
to fight or flee. The reverse happens when you are relaxed or
sleeping, your brain decides you are not under threat and your
body does not need the faster |
A Study In Wheel Safety
Often overlooked but of utmost importance to vehicle safety are wheels. We see it time and time again-enthusiasts who assume rims are "all-good" as long as they hold air and don't leave the | A Study In Wheel Safety
Often overlooked but of utmost importance to vehicle safety are wheels. We see it time and time again-enthusiasts who assume rims are "all-good" as long as they hold air and don't leave the vehicle while driving. Such inattention to the little things that contribute to wheel safety is like leaving a loaded shotgun dangling from each wheelwell. Treated as such, and when ignored between outings, you're basically risking the lives of everyone on the road. After all, DOT wheel standards may seem strict initially, but in reality they simply cannot take into account every possible scenario, especially those of which are caused by trail abuse. Believing otherwise is simply ignorant. Sure, you might never experience a wheel failure, but trust us-they do happen. The National Highway Transportation Safety Administration said that 15 percent of all reported wheel-related automotive mishaps resulted in injury or death in 2005. For this reason, we thought it might be a good idea to expose a few of the issues associated with wheels and their use on 4x4s.
Cause: Extreme Force.
This cast-aluminum KMC racing wheel was involved in a spectacular multi-rollover crash during a CORR race qualifying round.
Effect: Favored by racers, this wheel is about as tough as a cast wheel gets. Despite its tremendous strength, it was totally destroyed by the lateral forces of the crash. This is an extreme case where something had to fail. We doubt any type of wheel would have survived this particular crash unscathed. However, a forged-aluminum or steel wheel would have likely stayed together rather than breaking apart.
This forged-aluminum Center Line wheel survived a significant impact with a rock in Death Valley at high speed. The driver of the Dodge Ram diesel it was securely attached to assumed all responsibility for the mishap.
Effect: Forged wheels bend rather than shattering or cracking upon impact. Their strength, however, usually transmits abrupt and destructive forces to other parts of a drivetrain such as axles and knuckles.
Cause: Improper torque.
Many drivers are not aware that improperly torqued wheel nuts are a primary cause of misalignment or wheel failure.
This wheel came off the back axle of a toy hauler while cruising along at 55 mph. Luckily, nobody was killed when loose lug nuts allowed this wheel and tire to detach from the axle, crossing directly in the path of oncoming traffic. The way to avoid this scenario? It's imperative to adopt the habit of checking lug nuts whenever refueling. It takes less than five minutes, and may save a life and your financial future.
This OE cast-aluminum Dodge Ram wheel suffered a hard hit on the backroads of Baja.
Effect: Hairline crack.
While it seems to hold air just fine, the right thing to do in this situation is replace the wheel with a whole new rim. A small hairline crack like this can end up causing the wheel to shatter at a later point. Take responsibility when your wheels get damaged; don't leave safety to chance.
The topic of lug nuts always seems to surface when we talk with others about wheel safety. It is critical that the lug nut matches the thread diameter, pitch, and seat required by the wheels and studs. Otherwise, you're asking for problems. The three basic types of lug nuts are: conical seat (60 degrees taper "acorn" and "bulge"), the mag or shank style, and spherical or ball seat. Thread diameter refers to the diameter of the stud, measured across the shank at the outer edges of the threads. Thread-pitch means either the number of threads per inch or, if metric, the distance in millimeters between threads. The seat means the area on the wheel where the lug nut will clamp down.
Never attempt to use a lug nut that does not match the specific requirements of the wheel. Though they may look similar to other types, lug nut specifications are very specific and lug nuts should not be confused or installed incorrectly. Improper use almost always results in wheel damage and/or loss. |
E. Cobham Brewer 18101897. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898.
Foot soldiers. Said to be first applied to a body of men collected by the Infante or heir-apparent of Spain for the purpose of | E. Cobham Brewer 18101897. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898.
Foot soldiers. Said to be first applied to a body of men collected by the Infante or heir-apparent of Spain for the purpose of rescuing his father from the Moors. The success of the attempt rendered the corps popular. (Spanish, infanteria; Italian, fanteria; fante means a servant.) |
A most interesting fossil – Nothronychus graffami – has been found in Utah. Four metres tall, huge belly, small head, herbivorous teeth. 22 cm sickle-shaped claws. Odd coupling, wouldn’t you | A most interesting fossil – Nothronychus graffami – has been found in Utah. Four metres tall, huge belly, small head, herbivorous teeth. 22 cm sickle-shaped claws. Odd coupling, wouldn’t you say? For what on earth does a leaf-eater need claws of such gigantic dimensions? Scientists have no idea. I mean, they do have some ideas, what they are in want of is evidence. Sure enough, the claws might have been great assistance in pulling down branches. They could just as likely have used them to deter predators. They might have had some reproductive advantage.
But really, all these fine hypotheses belong in the business of guesswork. Such great findings have the effect of disenchantment, and make one realize how little we know of the world around us. |
High School Earth Science/Inner Planets
The four planets closest to the sun—Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars—are the inner planets, also called the terrestrial planets because they are similar to Earth. Figure 25.7 shows the | High School Earth Science/Inner Planets
The four planets closest to the sun—Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars—are the inner planets, also called the terrestrial planets because they are similar to Earth. Figure 25.7 shows the relative sizes of these four planets. All of the inner planets are small, relative to the outer planets. All of the inner planets are solid, dense, rocky planets. The inner planets either do not have moons or have just one (Earth) or two (Mars). None of the inner planets has rings. Compared to the outer planets, the inner planets have shorter orbits around the Sun, but all the inner planets spin more slowly. Venus spins the slowest of all the planets. At one time, all the inner planets have been geologically active. They are all made of cooled igneous rock with inner iron cores.
- Describe key features of each of the inner planets.
- Compare each of the inner planets to Earth and to one another.
Mercury, shown in Figure 25.7, is the planet closest to the Sun. Mercury is the smallest planet, and it has no moon. As Figure 25.7 shows, the surface of Mercury is covered with craters, like Earth's moon. The presence of impact craters that are so old means that Mercury hasn't changed much geologically for billions of years and, with only a trace of an atmosphere, has no weather to wear down the ancient craters.
Because Mercury is so close to the Sun, it is difficult to observe from Earth, even with a telescope. However, the Mariner 10 spacecraft, shown in Figure 25.8, visited Mercury in 1974–1975. In January 2008, the Messenger mission returned to Mercury and took much more detailed pictures. One of these images can be seen in Figure 25.9.
Short Year, Long Days
Mercury is named for the Roman messenger god, who could run extremely fast. Likewise, Mercury moves very fast in its orbit around the Sun. A year on Mercury—the length of time it takes to orbit the Sun—is just 88 Earth days.
Mercury has a very short year, but very long days. A day is defined as the time it takes a planet to turn on its axis. Mercury rotates slowly on its axis, turning exactly three times for every two times it orbits the Sun. Therefore, each day on Mercury is 58 Earth days long. In other words, on Mercury, a year is only a Mercury day and a half long!
Mercury is very close to the Sun, so it can get very hot. However, Mercury has virtually no atmosphere and it rotates very slowly. Because there is no atmosphere and no water to insulate the surface, temperatures on the surface of Mercury vary widely. In direct sunlight, the surface can be as hot as 427°C (801°F). On the dark side, or in the shadows inside craters, the surface can be as cold as –183°C (–297°F)! Although most of Mercury is extremely dry, scientists believe there may be a small amount of water in the form of ice at the poles of Mercury, in areas which never receive direct sunlight.
A Liquid Metal Core
Figure 25.10 shows a diagram of Mercury's interior. Mercury is one of the densest planets. Scientists believe the interior contains a relatively large, liquid core made mostly of melted iron. Mercury's core takes up about 42% of the planet's volume. Mercury's highly cratered surface is evidence that Mercury is not geologically active.
The second planet out from the Sun, Venus, is our nearest neighbor. Not only is it closer to Earth than any other planet, but it also is the most similar to Earth in size. Named after the Roman goddess of love, it is the only planet named after a female. Venus is sometimes called Earth's "sister planet". But just how similar is Venus to Earth?
A Harsh Environment
Viewed through a telescope, Venus looks smooth and featureless. That's because Venus is covered by a thick layer of clouds, as shown in pictures of Venus taken at ultraviolet wavelengths, such as Figure 25.11. Because of the thick, cloudy atmosphere, we cannot take ordinary photos of the surface of Venus, even from spacecraft orbiting the planet. However, we can make maps of the surface using radar. Figure 25.12 shows a topographical map of Venus produced by the Magellan probe using radar.
Unlike clouds on Earth, Venus's clouds are not made of water vapor. They are made of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide—and they also contain large amounts of corrosive sulfuric acid!
The atmosphere of Venus is so thick that the atmospheric pressure on the surface of Venus is 90 times greater than the atmospheric pressure on Earth's surface. The thick atmosphere also causes a strong greenhouse effect, which traps heat from the Sun. As a result, Venus is the hottest planet, even hotter than Mercury. Temperatures at the surface reach 465°C (860°F). That's hot enough |
|Written by Tracy Trumper|
Begin a conversation about money with children
With April being Financial Literacy Month, it is the perfect time to begin a conversation about money with your child or children. The Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland offers a helping | |Written by Tracy Trumper|
Begin a conversation about money with children
With April being Financial Literacy Month, it is the perfect time to begin a conversation about money with your child or children. The Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland offers a helping hand in their guide, “Great Minds Think: A Kid’s Guide to Money.”
This resource first starts with discussing the topic of making choices. To prove your point that money is scarce, you may have used the old adage, “Money does not grow on trees.”
Children need to start their relationship with money by experiencing choices of how to earn, spend and save money. Making choices means they will give up one thing in exchange for another. With your guidance, the child will experience the cost and benefit of making choices.
Possibly, your child has already experienced the benefit of waiting to spend money they have in order to have money to buy something they really want later. Making choices also includes choosing between things that are needed to survive and things that we want.
Ask your child to list five things they need and five things they want. Right now they will realize that you provide the “needs” for them and they can have power in providing things they want for themselves.
Next, talk about how money is earned as income. Money is earned over time doing a job or working. Earning money then allows one to spend and save. To help a child plan to earn money, discuss the following questions with them:
—What special skills and talents do I have?
—How do I enjoy spending my time?
—Do my friends, family, or neighbors need help with something?
—Are there things I have at home or could borrow—like a computer, tools or art supplies—that I could use to earn money?
Be an example for them as well. Tell them the story of your first “little job” that you did to help earn money. Let them know why you wanted to earn the money. The child could write down their talents and skills, three ways they could use their skills to earn money, and then predict how much money they could have in a certain amount of time.
Now with the idea of income, your child will be ready to tackle the basic idea of a budget. Talk about a budget as a plan that balances money comin |
Skip to comments.California testing limits of the American form of government
Posted on 01/24/2005 12:31:14 PM PST by SmithL
Those who created the American system of government, and encased it | Skip to comments.California testing limits of the American form of government
Posted on 01/24/2005 12:31:14 PM PST by SmithL
Those who created the American system of government, and encased it in the U.S. Constitution, were attempting to balance two equally insidious forces - tyranny and chaos.
They had fought a revolution to escape the former, but had experienced the latter in the years following the war under the too-weak Articles of Confederation. The Constitution, therefore, embodied what were called "checks and balances," creating a stronger central government but diffusing its authority among two legislative branches, a separately elected presidency and an independent judiciary.
The structure reflected the belief, as James Madison states it in the Federalist Papers, that "The accumulation of all powers, legislative, executive, and judiciary, in the same hands, whether of one, a few, or many, and whether hereditary, self-appointed, or elective, may justly be pronounced the very definition of tyranny."
Despite our example, other democracies that emerged during the 19th and 20th centuries, including those in Europe and in neighboring Canada, tended toward the parliamentary system, in which the party or coalition controlling the legislative branch also names the executive.
There are crucial differences between the two, the most important being the parliamentary system's concentration of power and responsibility - the antithesis of the decentralized American system. In a parliamentary government, such as Tony Blair's administration in Great Britain, the governing party has an absolute mandate to act and cannot pass the buck.
(Excerpt) Read more at sacbee.com...
The tyranny is the legaslature et. al. writing themselves into a permanant paychecks. What is needed is more citizen representatives, rather than career political technocrats. Term limits is jsut a start. Guys like Bustamante wouldn't know what to do with themselves if there wasn't a public teat to suck.
The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened), against domestic Violence.
Would a parliamentary system count?
"It's an oversimplification, but perhaps California has too much democracy..."
It's not a problem of too much or too little. It's more a problem that the electorate is simply not responsible. They somehow got the idea that they can use government to take other people's property, either thru regulation or taxation. The result is that California is one big free-for-all, everyone grabbing at everyone else's stuff. It's not a matter of reforming government. It's a matter of re-educating California's voters.
Stripped to essentials - but without saying so explicitly - that's what Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger appears to be advocating on several fronts, whether it be in reorganizing state government to put more power directly in the governor's office, or in changing the budgetary system to provide for automatic spending reductions if revenues fall short of projections.
Some is this is questionable on constitutional grounds, but then again, California is pretty screwed up under it's existing system. The only part I agree with completely is the automatic spending reductions.
Phooey. Who says a government that cannot act is bad? I happen to prefer government gridlock. The less the government does, the better.
a dose of realism sounds better
Denny Crane: "I look to two things: First to God and then to Fox News."
OOPS! I fergot!! It's "No Name-Calling Weak!!!"
Parliamentarianism's got nothing to do with it. He should try rewriting this using "Constitutionalism" as needed.
Not a chance on this Forum. it's going on over here:
Are you sure you don't mean Calistocracy?
In New Hampshire, state legislators are paid about $200 per year, and that's set in the Constitution.
The problem behind the scenes here is the 17th amendment to the Constitution which takes the power away from the state government to appoint a state senator and gives it to the people to vote every six years. While the term was still 6 years, the state legislature could always vote to recall them ( a process much easier than getting the population to do the same). Under this system the senators were always accountable to someone and the states had some say in federal issues.
Just yesterday a Republican Party loyalist defended Walters as a conservative. What hog wash.
Here's Walters again peddling the inevitability of a multicultural society.
Senators could not be recalled before the 17th Amendment either.
At some state ratification conventions antifederalists argued that the Constitution should be amended to allow recall of Senators but it wasn't.
"The federal system, including California's version, works if there is a broad social or civic consensus on what government should be doing, but when that consensus breaks down, as it has in California, the "checks and balances" can become insurmountable hurdles. They provide the means by which any single-purpose interest group - be it cultural, ideological, geographic or economic - |
Friday, May 13, 2005
Filibusters: A HistoryBlog readers might find this document, being distributed today by the Senate Republican Conference, of interest:
Dates Democrats Want to ForgetThanks to Barbara Ledeen of the SRC for | Friday, May 13, 2005
Filibusters: A HistoryBlog readers might find this document, being distributed today by the Senate Republican Conference, of interest:
Dates Democrats Want to ForgetThanks to Barbara Ledeen of the SRC for sharing it.
The year the U.S. Constitution was ratified without the filibuster as part of it
The year the Senate was originally constituted with rules that permitted a majority vote to end debate
The year that the filibuster became theoretically possible through an inadvertent rules change
The year that a filibuster was used for the first time to block legislation
The year that a "cloture" rule was adopted to control legislative filibusters
The year that the Senate rules were changed to extend cloture to all debatable matters, including nominations
The first time a bipartisan filibuster was used to deny a judicial nominee an up-or-down vote. But the nominee, Abe Fortas to be Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, did not have majority support, and was opposed by one-third of his own party. He withdrew his nomination shortly after the failed cloture vote. In contrast, every one of the filibustered judicial nominees in 2003 and 2004 had majority support.
1977, 1979, 1980, 1987
The years in which then Senate Majority-Leader Robert Byrd employed the constitutional option in order to limit minority and individual Senators' rights
The years in which partisan filibusters were used for the first time to deny confirmation to a judicial nominee with majority support. Ten nominees were blocked from getting up-or-down votes due to the filibuster
The year the Senate will restore the 214-year tradition of up-or-down votes on every judicial nominee with majority support
Posted by Amy Ridenour at 10:07 PM |
|Patterson, F - PURDUE UNIVERSITY|
|Ohm, H - PURDUE UNIVERSITY|
Submitted to: Crop Science
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: December 27, 2001
| |Patterson, F - PURDUE UNIVERSITY|
|Ohm, H - PURDUE UNIVERSITY|
Submitted to: Crop Science
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: December 27, 2001
Publication Date: N/A
Interpretive Summary: Durum wheat is an excellent source of Hessian fly resistance genes. However, the transfer of genetic traits, such as pest resistance, from durum to common wheat requires more time and effort than that required transferring traits between common wheat sources. Thus, methods that reduce the time required identifying durum sources with the greatest potential for resistance are extremely important. Following initial screening trials with laboratory-reared flies, in which resistance sources are identified, seed of promising wheat lines is in limited supply. However, small increases can be readily made to enable further limited testing to identify sources with greatest potential. It is critical at this stage of evaluation, however, that tests be conducted with Hessian fly sources that provide the broadest possible range of genetic diversity (i.e., resistance-breaking genes) and are representative of current field populations, in order to enhance the selection process. Twenty-six durum wheat lines were tested against fly populations from mid-Atlantic and southeastern states that represented a broad range in genetic diversity for resistance breaking biotypes. Twenty-four lines demonstrated excellent resistance to all populations and hold considerable promise as sources of resistance for use in wheat breeding programs throughout the eastern US. The number of resistance genes carried by the lines varied from one to three, but all lines were equally effective regardless of gene number. Lines with single genes can be most readily utilized in breeding efforts. Seed of the 24 lines was made available to university and commercial breeders in 2001.
Technical Abstract: Damage from Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), infestation of soft red winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L em Thell., in eastern USA has been reduced by the deployment of genes for resistance in commercial cultivars. Recently Hessian fly populations in the eastern USA have developed virulences to previously deployed genes for resistance except for H13, deployed in 1998. Durum wheat, Triticum durum desf., is an important source of resistance to Hessian fly. We selected four populations of Hessian fly, believed representative of eastern USA, for seedling tests of 26 durum genotypes, which had shown resistance to Hessian fly laboratory biotypes B, D or L in earlier seedling tests. We determined the putative number of genes conditioning resistance to laborat |
: the amount of a medicine, drug, or vitamin that is taken at one time
: an amount of a substance
: an amount of something that a person experiences
: to give a dose of medicine to (someone or something)
: | : the amount of a medicine, drug, or vitamin that is taken at one time
: an amount of a substance
: an amount of something that a person experiences
: to give a dose of medicine to (someone or something)
: to give an amount of a substance to (someone or something)
: to add something to (something)
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-Margaret rood the earliest theorist is both an occupational and physical therapist. She stresses the importance of early reflexes in the relearning of motor control
-Rood first used her techniques effectively with children in cerebral palsy.
-She | -Margaret rood the earliest theorist is both an occupational and physical therapist. She stresses the importance of early reflexes in the relearning of motor control
-Rood first used her techniques effectively with children in cerebral palsy.
-She believed that a baby use reflexes to move initially but modifies them and eventually replace the reflexes worth voluntary movement.
-Involves superficial cutaneous stimulation using stroking, brushing, icing, or muscle stimulation with vibration tendon tapping and joint compression to evoke voluntary contraction or inhibition of proximal muscle
- ROOD`S 4 BASIC PRINCIPAL:-
1)-Sensory input is required for normalization of tone and evocation of desired muscular response.
2)-Sensory motor control is developmentally based.
3)-Movement is purposeful engagement in activities is required to produce a normal response.
4)-Repetition of movement is necessary for learning
-ROOD`S FACILITATION TECHNIQUES:-
4)-Joint compression are used to facilitate movement
-ROOD`S INHIBITION TECHNIQUES:-
1)-Joint approximation (light compression)
3)-Pressure on tendo |
Consulate, (1799–1804) French government established after the Coup of 18–19 Brumaire (Nov. 9–10, 1799), during the French Revolution. The Constitution of the Year VIII created | Consulate, (1799–1804) French government established after the Coup of 18–19 Brumaire (Nov. 9–10, 1799), during the French Revolution. The Constitution of the Year VIII created an executive consisting of three consuls, but the First Consul, Napoleon Bonaparte, wielded all real power, while the other two, Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès and Pierre-Roger Ducos (1747–1816), were figureheads. The principles of representation and legislative supremacy were discarded. The executive branch was given the power to draft new laws, and the legislative branch became little more than a rubber stamp. Elections became an elaborate charade, with voters stripped of real power. Napoleon abolished the Consulate when he declared himself emperor in 1804. |
Better Students Ask More Questions.
Write a summary/ paraphrase of poem "The River" by A K Ramunanjan.
3 Answers | add yours
In this poem, Ramanujan somewhat regrets that the old poets were only concerned with | Better Students Ask More Questions.
Write a summary/ paraphrase of poem "The River" by A K Ramunanjan.
3 Answers | add yours
In this poem, Ramanujan somewhat regrets that the old poets were only concerned with the number of losses during the floods and never bothered to go deeper into the emotions of the losses.Even the new poets imitated the style of the old poets wrote nothing but the number of losses.It is too ironical that the poets become poetic only in the season of floods for which which they eagerly await. they write nothing about the dried river either. This in one way shows their ignorance towards the sorrows of reality.Poets are supposed to be mirrors of the society and yet they don't feel the pain of the common people on loss of their h |
Teaching Assistants (Email)Udip Pant
Hours: by appointment
Meeting Time & Place
What does it mean to compute? Is computation a mathematical abstraction or a physical process? Are there limits to what can be computed? Can | Teaching Assistants (Email)Udip Pant
Hours: by appointment
Meeting Time & Place
What does it mean to compute? Is computation a mathematical abstraction or a physical process? Are there limits to what can be computed? Can we build machines that can compute anything computable? This course will introduce the theoretical basis for the study of computation. We will study several models of computation including regular, context free and unrestricted languages and their respective equivalent recognizing (theoretical) machines: finite automata, pushdown automata and Turing machines. We will consider the question of what is computable and what is not. Finally, we will refine the question to what is practically computable.
Text & Reading
The text for the class is Introduction to the Theory of Computation, 2nd Ed. by Michael Sipser. (ISBN: 0534950973). We will cover much of the text following the provided schedule. You are responsible for reading the material for a given day prior to that day's lecture. Because class time is limited, we may not cover everything in the text. However, except where specifically noted otherwise, you are responsible for the entire text.
Attendance & Participation
Class attendance and participation are expected. This is not because I feel the need to have students in class; instead, it is because your attendance and participation guarantee you a better learning experience.
Make sure you have done the reading and tried to understand on your own before you ask questions. If you do not, it is usually readily apparent. This can lead to crankiness, and crankiness never was happiness. When you don't understand something, ask; there are no dumb questions—unless you haven't done your reading.
A few problems will be assigned (from the text) each class period and will be due at the beginning of class the following period. It is very important to stay current in this class and this homework schedule is designed to help you do so. This is where the pain and suffering occur.
Communicating clearly and concisely what you have to say is an important skill you will use throughout your career. All written assignments are to be neat and professional. If you cannot clearly communicate something, there is a good chance that you do not yet understand it well. Good writing, grammar, punctuation, etc. are important and can affect your grade.
All assignments are due at the beginning of class on the date indicated. Up to three times during the semester you may submit an assignment one class period late with no penalty (for example, an assignment due on Monday could be turned in the following Wednesday). After your three grace days, no credit will be given for late assignments and no credit will be given for any assignment turned in later than one class period after it was originally due. Of course, nothing will be accepted after the last day of class.
There will be two mid-terms (administered in the testing center) and one final (administered in class). These tests will be timed, you will be allowed one page of notes, and they will consist of written problems similar to those encountered on the homework. If you put in the time to understand the homework assig |
The quest for signs of life in the Earth's oldest rocks shows no signs of diminishing. Wen-Long Zang is concerned with information coming from metamorphosed rocks, where there is growing evidence for the preservation of single-celled animals in metam | The quest for signs of life in the Earth's oldest rocks shows no signs of diminishing. Wen-Long Zang is concerned with information coming from metamorphosed rocks, where there is growing evidence for the preservation of single-celled animals in metamorphosed chert. Newly published is his discovery of spinose acritarchs in the Harris Greenstone Domain in South Australia. This is dated as Late Archaean, around 2500 million years, and part of the first supercontinent Kenorland.
The significance of his report is that these particular fossils are eukaryotes, not the bacterial cells that we normally associate with the Archaean. Previous to this finding, eukaryotes were suspected in the Archaean because researchers had detected biomarkers, but the "oldest confirmed macroscopic eukaryotic algae were reported from the 2100-1900 Ma Neganee Iron Formation, Michigan." This led many to link the evolution of eukaryotes with the rise of oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere (the Great Oxidation Event is dated about 2.4 Ga). However, there have been several significant and related finds: Archaean oil, eukaryotic biomarkers in the Archaean, and reinterpretation of evidences relating to lack of atmospheric oxygen prior to 2.4 Ga. Dutkiewicz et al (2006) write: "The presence of abundant biomarkers for cyanobacteria and eukaryotes derived from and trapped in rocks deposited before the Great Oxidation Event is consistent with an earlier evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis than previously thought and suggests that some aquatic settings had become sufficiently oxygenated for sterol biosynthesis by this time."
The picture emerging of the Late Archaean is one that includes prokaryotes and eukaryotes, photosynthesis, an oxygenated atmosphere and lots of biological activity. This is a big contrast from the picture even 10 years ago. The significance for our thinking about origins is that the eons of time demanded by Darwinian processes are not available. Eukaryotic life appears to be irreducibly complex, yet these life forms appear as body fossils in the Late Archaean and their origin is still one of the greatest mysteries of biology. This constitutes evidence that Darwinism is not a good way to gain understa |
Feeding birds during the middle of a chilly winter can be an easy and rewarding hobby. Whether you are a novice or experienced backyard birder, here are some suggestions to get the most enjoyment out of winter bird feeding.
First, think about your | Feeding birds during the middle of a chilly winter can be an easy and rewarding hobby. Whether you are a novice or experienced backyard birder, here are some suggestions to get the most enjoyment out of winter bird feeding.
First, think about your feeder, or should I say feeders since having a number of different birdfeeders available will attract the greatest number of bird species. Winter birdfeeders should all have several things in common. Winter feeders should have a wide cover over the feeding ports, perches, and dispensing trays to see they're is not buried during snowfall events.
Next, place the feeders in a sheltered location so the birds are not in severe winter winds. Placing the feeders close to the house can help provide shelter from the wind and can keep the birds visible for indoor bird watching. Keep the feeders at least five feet away from walls or windows to help prevent collisions. The birds will also like being near protective cover such as hedges or a brush pile. These offer birds safety from predators.
If you can protect your feeders from moisture, you can opt for larger feeders that reduce the number of times you need to refill them. If the seed is not protected from moisture it may grow mold before it is consumed. Mold, mildew, and other unhealthy conditions can foster disease among backyard bird populations. To help prevent this, discard soggy or icy seed and let the feeder dry before refilling. Feeders that get moldy can be sterilized with a 10 percent bleach solution. And, platform feeders should be emptied and refilled daily to prevent mildew and spoilage.
During the winter, birds are attracted to high energy foods. These are foods with a high fat or oil content such as sunflower seed, hulled peanuts, peanut butter, white millet seed, and suet.
Providing birds with clean, high energy food is a great way to add some interest to your |
How Businesses Use Regression Analysis Statistics
Part of the Business Statistics For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Regression analysis is a statistical tool used for the investigation of relationships between variables. Usually, the investigator seeks to ascertain the causal effect of one variable upon another — | How Businesses Use Regression Analysis Statistics
Part of the Business Statistics For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Regression analysis is a statistical tool used for the investigation of relationships between variables. Usually, the investigator seeks to ascertain the causal effect of one variable upon another — the effect of a price increase upon demand, for example, or the effect of changes in the money supply upon the inflation rate.
Regression analysis is used to estimate the strength and the direction of the relationship between two linearly related variables: X and Y. X is the "independent" variable and Y is the "dependent" variable.
The two basic types of regression analysis are:
Simple regression analysis: Used to estimate the relationship between a dependent variable and a single independent variable; for example, the relationship between crop yields and rainfall.
Multiple regression analysis: Used to estimate the relationship between a dependent variable and two or more independent variables; for example, the relationship between the salaries of employees and their experience and education.
Multiple regression analysis introduces several additional complexities but may produce more realistic results than simple regression analysis.
Regression analysis is based on several strong assumptions about the variables that are being estimated. Several key tests are used to ensure that the results are valid, including hypothesis tests. These tests are used to ensure that the regression results are not simply due to random chance but indicate an actual relationship between two or more variables.
An esti |
The Coral Sea Conservation Zone is bounded on the west by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, on the east by the edge of Australia’s Exclusive Economic Zone, on the north by the Torres Strait Protection Zone and on the south by the same southern latitude | The Coral Sea Conservation Zone is bounded on the west by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, on the east by the edge of Australia’s Exclusive Economic Zone, on the north by the Torres Strait Protection Zone and on the south by the same southern latitude line as the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. The area comprises 972,000 km2.
The Coral Sea hosts a high diversity of habitats, ecosystems and species. Only a small portion of this area has been studied, but knowledge gained to date indicates that there are important habitats, migration corridors and ecological processes that sustain unique biological communities. This review draws together the available scientific research to provide a comprehensive description of the physical and biological characteristics of the Coral Sea.
The seabed of the Coral Sea is characterised by a vast plain over 4,000 m deep to the northeast, several plateaux and slopes etched by undersea canyons and separated by deep ocean |
Viewing sketches on this page requires The Geometer's Sketchpad. For information about purchasing the software, downloading demo versions, and setting up Sketchpad as a helper application for your Web browser, see the Forum's Dynamic Geometry Software page.
- | Viewing sketches on this page requires The Geometer's Sketchpad. For information about purchasing the software, downloading demo versions, and setting up Sketchpad as a helper application for your Web browser, see the Forum's Dynamic Geometry Software page.
- One line, Y=X, is fixed. You can manipulate the position of another line, Y=MX+B, by altering the values of M or B. There are also questions to go with this graph.
Parabola Sketch 1
- Similar to the first graph, here there's a fixed parabola Y=X^2, and one to experiment with, Y=AX^2+C.
Parabola Sketch 2
- Change even more variables by comparing Y=X^2 with Y=A(X-H)^2+K.
These five sketches take you step-by-step through the solution of the
tangent line problem:
Tangent Line Problem
Given a function f and a point P on f, find an equation of the tangent
to the graph at P. Why would you want to do this, and how would you go about
solving this problem?
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The Math Forum is a research and educational enterprise of the Drexel University School of Education.
These five sketches take you step-by-step through the solution of the tangent line problem: |
By Cecil L. Smith, PE
The traditional use of current loops as inputs to control systems is being replaced by measurement devices and/or input systems that provide the measured value in engineering units. In the era of digital technology, this is indeed appropriate | By Cecil L. Smith, PE
The traditional use of current loops as inputs to control systems is being replaced by measurement devices and/or input systems that provide the measured value in engineering units. In the era of digital technology, this is indeed appropriate. Unfortunately, the resolution of the digital values is often less than what became the norm for current loop inputs; e.g., a resolution of approximately 1 part in 4000.
Normally such a resolution is far beyond what is required on displays to the process operator, management reports, etc. The value chosen for the resolution is usually based on two factors:
- How many digits after the decimal point do operators really need to see?
- What is the accuracy of the measurement device itself?
This article examines this issue from the perspective of regulatory control; more specifically, the impact of the resolution of the measured value on the performance of the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. Control calculations often need a greater resolution than is required for data presented to humans. Furthermore, the performance of regulatory control actually depends on the repeatability of the measurement device, not its accuracy.
What's the Impact?
The impact of poor resolution on the three modes is as follows:
Proportional mode: Causes the output to change abruptly from one value to another.
Integral or reset mode: Not significantly affected by resolution.
Derivative mode: Causes pulses or 'bumps' to appear in the controller output.
Pressure Control Example
This example in Figure 1 is a simple pressure control application in a reactor. One of the reactants is supplied via a gas. This material dissolves in the liquid within the reactor, from which it reacts with one or more components of the feeds. The objective of the pressure control loop is to maintain a constant pressure within the reactor by supplying gas to replenish the gas being consumed by the reaction.
As part of a general instrumentation and controls upgrade, an electronic analog controller was replaced by a controller implemented in a digital system. The measured variable for the pressure is still provided via a current loop. However, the input module within the digital system converted the current loop input into a digital value in engineering units. The result is a value in engineering units but expressed as an integer variable with the decimal point at an understood location.
The measurement range for the reactor pressure was 0 to 10 psig. Expressing the pressure to 0.1 psig was deemed satisfactory for operator displays. The input module was configured to report the pressure to 0.1 psig, which meant that an integer value of 74 is understood to be 7.4 psig.
There are definitely merits in performing the engineering units conversion in the input module. One is that the hand-held monitor used by the instrument technicians would display the value in engineering units. The value displayed on the hand-held monitor is exactly the same as the value of the graphic displays. In most cases, the instrument technicians are able to diagnose I/O problems without any knowledge of the digital control system.
All seemed quite satisfactory until the pressure loop was commissioned. The digital system exhibited a characteristic that was never observed with the conventional controller. Specifically, the output to the pressure control valve did not change in a smooth manner. Instead, the output to the valve would change abruptly from one value to another.
This is one consequence of poor resolution. With the input module configured in this manner, an input value of 0 means 0.0 psig, and an input value of 100 means 10.0 psig. This input has a resolution of 1 part in 100. The accuracy of modern pressure transmitters is far superior to this, and their repeatability is even better.
Why does this lead to abrupt changes in the controller output? Let's examine the proportional mode calculations. The proportional mode equation is actually a proportional-plus-bias equation that can be expressed as follows:
M = KcE + MR
where M = Controller output, %
Kc= Controller gain, %/%
E = Control error, %
= PV – SP for a direct acting controller
= SP – PV for a reverse acting controller
Mc= Controller output bias, %
PV = Process variable or measured variable, %
SP = Set point or target, %
This is the position form of the proportional mode equation. The impact of resolution is more evident when the equation is expressed in the incremental or velocity form:
∆M = Kc∆E
where ∆M = Change in controller output, %
∆E = Change in control error, %
The product chemists specified the pressure for reacting conditions; changes were not allowed. Therefore, changes in the control error can only be the result of changes in the PV.
With a resolution of 1 part in 100, the smallest change provided by the input module was 1% of the span. The smallest change in the proportional mode output is the controller gain Kc times the smallest change in the control error. With the controller gain set at 5%/%, the smallest change in the output of the proportional mode equation is (1%) x (5%/%) = 5%. Such changes appear directly in the controller output.
There are two options to achieve smaller changes in the output of the proportional mode equation: |
A Spanish-Jewish family whose name was probably derived from an Arabic word meaning "red."
The first member of the Alashkar family whose name has been handed down is Samuel, the physician, who lived at Seville toward the middle of the | A Spanish-Jewish family whose name was probably derived from an Arabic word meaning "red."
The first member of the Alashkar family whose name has been handed down is Samuel, the physician, who lived at Seville toward the middle of the fourteenth century. His son Judah, also a physician, and, like his father, an influential member of the Jewish community of Seville, claimed to have received, in a dream, a visit from an angel, who predicted for the month of Siwan, 5151 ( =1391), the downfall of the town and the ruin of all the Jews in Spain. On the advice of this angel, Judah emigrated, with his son Moses, to "Malaca on the seacoast"—that is, to Malaga—and his family remained there until the expulsion of the Jews from Spain. In 1492 Judah and Joseph, sons of Moses, emigrated to Algeria; the former settling at Mostaganem, and the latter at Tlemçen, where he soon became the chief of the rabbinical school. Joseph is the author of several treatises and commentaries, of which one has been lost; the others are still unpublished.
Moses b. Isaac Alashkar, member of another branch of the family, lived in Egypt, but subsequently resided in Jerusalem, during the latter part of the fifteenth century and at the beginning of the sixteenth. He was prominent among contemporaneous rabbis; and his opinions were held in esteem throughout the Levant, and even in Italy. In a letter to Elijah ha-Levi—the teacher of Elijah Mizraḥi—he complained that his large correspondence deprived him of much of the time due to his professional duties. The two following are the most important of his works: (1) "Hassagot" (Critical Notes), in which he demolishes the whole dog-matical structure built up in Shem-Ṭob ben ShemṬob's "Sefer ha-Emunot"; (2) "Responsa," 121 in number. Both were printed together at Sabbionetta, 1553. A separate edition of the "Hassagot" appeared three years later at Ferrara. This collection, which reached even distant Jewish communities, is of importance for the geographical names in rabbinical writings and in bills of divorce.Abraham b. Moses Alashkar:
A Talmudic scholar; lived in Egypt in the first half of the sixteenth century. He carried on a correspondence on ritual topics with his father, Moses Alashkar, in whose "Responsa" he is often mentioned; and likewise with Joseph Caro, who answered him in his "Responsa Eben ha-Ezer" and in the "AbḲat Rokel."
- Jew. Quart. Rev. vi. 400, x. 133, xii. 119;
- Oẓar Nehmad, iii. 105;
- Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl. col. 1765;
- Fürst, Bibl. Jud. i. 30;
- Michael, Or ha-Ḥayyim, No. 45. |
Daily entries from the 17th century London diary
Rachel R has posted 1 annotation/comment since 11 March 2013.
The most recent…
About Saturday 10 March 1659/60
The stocking frame was invented in | Daily entries from the 17th century London diary
Rachel R has posted 1 annotation/comment since 11 March 2013.
The most recent…
About Saturday 10 March 1659/60
The stocking frame was invented in 1589 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stocking_frame - and the Worshipful Company of Framework Knitters - http://www.frameworkknitters.co.uk/company-heri... - was granted a charter in 1663. The frame was relatively inexpensive for a small master craftsman but hardly equipment for a wench.
Knitting needles, on the other hand, were inexpensive and widely available. They were made of metal - in the sixteenth century: "First wire mill was built – knitting |
Research by the Translational Genomics Research Institute in Arizona recently found that 47% of beef, pork, and poultry meat
samples harbored Staphylococcus aureus and that 52% of the staphylococ | Research by the Translational Genomics Research Institute in Arizona recently found that 47% of beef, pork, and poultry meat
samples harbored Staphylococcus aureus and that 52% of the staphylococci were antibiotic-resistant. The cause of this potentially disastrous problem is the indiscriminate
feeding of antibiotics to healthy livestock, a custom since the mid-20th century.
Robert M. Miller, DVM
According to Shelley Hearne, the managing director of the Pew Health Group, this practice "compromises our ability to save
human lives in the future."
Please allow me to take you back to 1958. I had recently established my practice in California, and one of my new clients
was the Crummer Ranch near the town of Calabasas. It was a cow-calf outfit, and, of course, I got to treat their horses, dogs,
and cats, as well as their cattle.
1958 was a wet year, and the grass that spring was tall and abundant. The Crummer Ranch foreman, Elbert Griffin, told me that
they had so much feed that they had decided to keep 40 head of steers and fatten them for the market.
"Good idea," I agreed.
"Doc," the foreman said. "Everybody is fe |
The holidays once again find busy shoppers criss-crossing town, buying up all of those gifts, goodies and groceries that will likely be carried out of stores in plastic bags. But long after the holidays are over, all of those plastic bags — | The holidays once again find busy shoppers criss-crossing town, buying up all of those gifts, goodies and groceries that will likely be carried out of stores in plastic bags. But long after the holidays are over, all of those plastic bags — an estimated 90 million of them each year in Thurston County — will still be around.
Single-use shopping bags are the most commonly used consumer item and less than 5 percent get recycled. Valuable resources go into making the bags, which are used on average for 12 minutes. And they leave behind a lot of waste in our landfills, or worse yet, pollution in our environment. Plastic bags are not allowed in our curbside recycling program but, despite our best efforts to educate residents, many people put them in. These bags tangle in the sorting equipment, costing your local recycling program about $1,000 every day.
It’s clear that plastic bags are a big problem in our community, a problem that can only be tackled with community-based solutions. That’s why, on behalf of the Thurston County Solid Waste Advisory Committee, a team of county staff took to the streets this last summer to talk with residents, retailers, civic leaders and business leaders to get feedback on what they thought was needed to tackle the plastic bag problem.
Almost 3,800 residents gave us their opinions. Several options for addressing the plastic bag problem were suggested. They included: increased education, stores voluntarily giving up plastic bags or adding bags to curbside recycling. But only one option would achieve both a big reduction in the number of bags and a reduction in the costs of reducing or managing the waste – a ban on plastic bags in Thurston County communities.
A ban on plastic bags might seem drastic, the members of the Thurston County Solid Waste Advisory Committee believe the evidence presented in their 20-page report makes it clear that voluntary behaviors are just not working. An effective, yet cost-efficient, solution that will have real results is needed. Research and lessons learned from other jurisdictions show that education and more recycling containers do not make a significant impact.
A ban is a big step, but one that 74 percent of our survey respondents said they are in favor of – or at least willing to consider.
While this phase of the project is complete and the report written, the discussion about the plastic bag problem in our community has only just begun. In the coming months, staff representatives from the Thurston County Solid Waste Advisory Committee will be meeting with area city councils to talk about the report, the recommendations and to get feedback on what steps we can take to truly tackle the plastic bag problem. Staff will also brief the Thurston County Board of Commissioners on the report and the recommendations from city councils.
The meeting dates and times will be posted on the website listed below as they become available.
The final report, titled “Reducing Our Use: Plastic Shopping Bags,” is now available online, and you can read about the research done, the survey and the results, as well as recommendations that the Solid Waste Advisory Committee, have made. You can read the report at ThurstonSolidWaste. org/plastics and find links to other information, including survey results and comments; information on other plastic waste and the impact plastic has on our environment. You can also sign up to get email updates on this project and other Thurston County Solid Waste information.
We encourage you to get involved and stay engaged in our efforts to reduce plastic bag use in Thurston County. It is a big challenge, but it’s one we can tackle if we work together as a community.Terri Thomas, a education and outreach specialist for Thurston County Solid Waste, may be reached at [email protected]. |
History of the Sciences
The History of the Sciences at Beloit College collection contains 92 color and black-and-white images taken from the college Archives. These photographs document a variety of disciplines spanning the lifetime of the college, with the earliest images dating | History of the Sciences
The History of the Sciences at Beloit College collection contains 92 color and black-and-white images taken from the college Archives. These photographs document a variety of disciplines spanning the lifetime of the college, with the earliest images dating to the 19 th century. In addition, the collection includes images of science being practiced in fields such as biology, geology, and chemistry. The current home for the sciences at Beloit College is the Science Center, which opened its doors in 2008.
Search this collection:
Click here for help with navigating and searching Beloit College Digital Collections. |
A recursive acronym
(or occasionally recursive initialism
, and sometimes recursive backronym
) is an abbreviation
that refers to itself
in the expression for which it stands.
, an early tradition in the hacker
community (especially at MIT
| A recursive acronym
(or occasionally recursive initialism
, and sometimes recursive backronym
) is an abbreviation
that refers to itself
in the expression for which it stands.
, an early tradition in the hacker
community (especially at MIT
) was to choose acronyms and abbreviations that referred humorously to themselves or to other abbreviations. Perhaps the earliest example in this context, from about 1977 or 1978, is TINT ("TINT Is Not TECO
"), an editor for MagicSix
. This inspired the two MIT Lisp Machine
editors called EINE
("EINE Is Not Emacs
") and ZWEI ("ZWEI Was EINE Initially"). These were followed by Richard Stallman
(GNU's not UNIX
). Many others also include negatives, such as denials that the thing defined is or resembles something (that the thing defined is, in fact, usually similar to or even derived from).
Noted efforts include:
- Allegro — Allegro Low LEvel Game ROutines (note: the acronym was originally Atari Low LEvel Game ROutines until development shifted away from the Atari ST)
- CAVE — Cave Automatic Virtual Environment
- Cygnus — Cygnus, Your GNU Support
- Fred — Fred resembles emacs deliberately
- giFT — giFT: Internet File Transfer
- GiNaC — GiNaC is Not a CAS (Computer Algebra System)
- GNE — GNE's Not an Encyclopedia
- GNU — GNU's Not Unix
- JACK — JACK Audio Connection Kit
- JOE — Joe's Own Editor
- KAGE — KAGE: Alternative Game Engine
- LAME — LAME Ain't an MP3 Encoder
- LiVES — LiVES is a Video Editing System
- MiNT — MiNT is Not TOS (later changed to "MiNT is Now TOS")
- MINT — MINT Is Not TRAC
- Mung — Mung Until No Good
- Nagios — Nagios Ain't Gonna Insist On Sainthood
- NiL — NiL Isn't Liero
- PHP — PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (originally "Personal Home Page" tools, officially changed for PHP 3)
- PINE — PINE Is Nearly Elm, originally; PINE now officially stands for "Pine Internet News and E-mail"
- PNG — PNG's Not GIF
- RPM — RPM Package Manager (originally "Red Hat Package Manager")
- Scaled — Scaled Composites: Advanced Link to Efficient Development
- SPARQL — SPARQL Protocol And RDF Query Language
- TiLP — TiLP is a Linking Program
- UIRA — UIRA Isn't a Recursive Acronym
- WAM - WAM Account Manager
- Wine — Wine Is Not an Emulator
- XINU — Xinu Is Not Unix
- XNA — XNA's Not Acronymed
- YAML — YAML Ain't Markup Language (initially "Yet Another Markup Language")
- Zinf — Zinf Is Not FreeA*p
- ZINC — ZINC Is Not CMS
Mutually recursive or otherwise special
- The GNU Hurd project is named with a mutually recursive acronym: "Hurd" stands for "Hird of Unix-Replacing Daemons", and "Hird" stands for "Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth."
- The GNUBrain project is another mutually recursive acronym: "Brain" stands for "Brian relates any independent node" and "Brian" stands for "Brain implements a network".
- RPM and PHP were originally conventional initialisms which were later redefined recursively. They are not true backronyms, however, as the names were already abbreviations and are pronounced as initials rather than as words.
- Jini claims the distinction of being the first recursive anti-acronym. 'Jini Is Not Initials'. It might, however, be more properly termed an anti-backronym because the term "Jini" never stood for anything in the first place. The more recent "XNA," on the other hand, was deliberately designed that way.
- Most recursive acronyms are recursive on the first letter, which is therefore an arbitrary choice, often selected for reasons of humour or ease of pronunciation. However YOPY, "Your own personal YOPY" is recursive on the last letter (hence the last letter had to be the same as the first).
Recursive acronyms are not limited to computing terminology. For example, some companies have been named or renamed in this way:
- NEAR — Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous
- BWIA — BWIA West Indies Airways (formerly British West Indian Airways)
- GES — GES Exposition Services (formerly Greyhound Exposition Services)
- LINK (UK) — Link Interchange NetworK, the UK ATM switching organisation.
- OIL - Oil India Limited - this is not truly recursive, as "Oil" in the description is not a repeat of the acronym, but the word "Oil".
- SAAB — Saab Automobile Aktiebolaget (formerly Svenska Aeroplan Aktiebolaget.)
- TAP Air Portugal — in Portuguese, however, TAP is an acronym for Transportes Aéreos de Portugal and is not recursive
- VISA — Visa International Service Association
- ADAP - ADAP Discount Auto Parts
- PTTEP - PTT Exploration and Production Public Company (Ltd.) (where PTT refers to PeTroleum of Thailand, this is confusingly single-nested as opposed to recursive)
There are also some organizations that employ recursive acronyms:
On the presumably first human being named with a recursive acronym was born in Germany. The boy's first name LIAS stands for “Lias Is Adrienne's Son.”
- In |
* Knowledge of economic and political processes.
* Skill in understanding what is presented in the media.
* The ability to work well with others, especially diverse groups.
* Creativity and innovation to solve problems in new ways.
The 21st-century | * Knowledge of economic and political processes.
* Skill in understanding what is presented in the media.
* The ability to work well with others, especially diverse groups.
* Creativity and innovation to solve problems in new ways.
The 21st-century competencies - captured as the 4Cs of communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and creativity - are critical for success in college and career. They are also essential for effective citizens and a vibrant democracy. The knowledge and skills needed to engage in civic and political life - whether that be in one's school, hometown or local clubs, or state, national, global and/or virtual landscapes - are the same skills needed to solve hands-on, real-world problems in college and in the workplace. The skills one needs to engage in civic discourse are the same needed to work with diverse colleagues, address challenges and creatively solve problems.
Research reveals that civic education, especially when it is interactive and involves discussion of current issues, is an important way to develop non-civic skills that young Americans need to succeed in the 21st-century workforce. According to a study conducted by Judith Torney-Purta and Britt S. Wilkenfeld at the University of Maryland, "Students who experience interactive discussion-based civic education (either by itself or in combination with lecture-based civic education) score the highest on '21st Century Competencies,' including working with others (especially in diverse groups) and knowledge of economic and political processes."
In addition, the Guardian of Democracy: The Civic Mission of Schools reports that students who receive effective civic learning are:
* More likely to vote and discuss politics at home.
* Four times more likely to volunteer and work on community issues.
* More confident in their ability to speak publicly and communicate with their elected representatives.
* Less likely to drop out of school.
Civic learning in schools is necessary to prepare America's young people for informed and active participation in a healthy democracy - to provide them the opportunity to explore their civic selves well before they are old enough to vote. Educators know that it is not enough to test for content knowledge and comprehension - they know that application of content knowledge and the development of 21st-century skills takes practice. Civic engagement is not a spontaneous phenomenon - it requires dedication from all community stakeholders to ensure that our nation's future citizens have an appreciation of democracy and the needed skills to preserve it for future generations.
We are working with leading civic learning organizations to explore and expand what 21st-century citizenship entails - and show why we must explicitly include civic learning in a 21st-century curriculum. At P21, research and collaboration with leading employers have shown us that the 21st-century workplace requires high-level skills for all workers, and it's no surprise that civic life in the 21st century also requires more nuanced skills and competencies for all our citizens.
In this election season we urge parents, educators, policy-makers and community members - as well as the students themselves - to reflect on what 21st-century citizenship means to them. It is imperative that these opportunities are made part of an authentic 21st century learning experience for every student, to ensure that all our students graduate ready for college, careers and citizenship.
Kellogg is vice president of Education Networks of America, and board member of Partnership for 21st Century Skills. Herczog is vice president of the National Council for the Social Studies. |
Battle of Sark
|Battle of Sark|
|Part of the Anglo-Scottish Border Wars|
|Kingdom of Scotland||Kingdom of England|
|Commanders and leaders|
|Hugh Douglas, Earl of Ormonde||Henry Percy | Battle of Sark
|Battle of Sark|
|Part of the Anglo-Scottish Border Wars|
|Kingdom of Scotland||Kingdom of England|
|Commanders and leaders|
|Hugh Douglas, Earl of Ormonde||Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland|
|Casualties and losses|
|up to 600||up to 3000|
The Battle of Sark (alternatively called the Battle of Lochmaben Stone) was fought between England and Scotland in October 1448. A large battle, it was the first significant Scottish victory over the English in over half a century, following the Battle of Otterburn of 1388. It placed the Scots in a position of strength against the English for over a decade, until Edward IV ascended the English throne, and it brought Clan Douglas to greater prominence in Scotland.
After the 14th century Wars of Scottish Independence, England and Scotland continued to battle periodically along their borders. In 1448, hostilities escalated. Henry Percy, son of the Earl of Northumberland, destroyed Dunbar in May, and in June the Earl of Salisbury, Lord Warden of the March destroyed Dumfries. In reaction, William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas mustered a force with the support of the earls of Ormonde, Angus and Orkney, destroying Warkworth and Alnwick. When the Scots advanced further into Cumberland and Northumberland, Henry VI authorized the Percies to retaliate.
The stage for the battle was set when, in October, the Earl of Northumberland led a troop of 6,000 men into Scotland, where they made camp near the Lochmaben Stone. Their location proved poorly chosen, as they settled in a tidal waterway between the River Sark and Kirtle Water. Among the Scots, Hugh Douglas, Earl of Ormonde, mustered a force of 4,000 from Annandale and Nithsdale, marching against Northumberland on 23 October 1448. Northumberland took the lead in organizing his troops into three wings, which arrangement Ormonde mirrored. In spite of superior numbers and the advantage of the English longbow, the English were soon driven backwards by Scottish spearmen, where they found the peril of the incoming tide.
The number of Scots who lost their lives in the engagement varies by source from as few as 26 (Auchinleck chronicle) to as many as 600 (Pitscottie). The number of English deaths in the same sources varies from 2,000 (1,500 killed in battle; 500 drowned) to 3,000 (killed and drowned). Of the Scots, the only casualty of note was Sir John Wallace of Craigie, who was mortally wounded. Senior English casualties were more serious, including the younger Henry Percy and Sir John Pennington captured.
- Site Record for Battle Of Sark; Lochmaben Stone; Old Graitney; Stormont, Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland
- Rose, Alexander (2002). Kings in the North. London: Phoenix. p. 480. ISBN 1842124854.
- Rose (2002), p.481
- Thomas Thomson (ed)(1819), Auchinleck Chronicle, Edinburgh pp.18-19
- Dalyell, John Graham, ed.(1814), The Chronicles of Scotland by Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie, vol. 1, Edinburgh
- Griffiths, R. A., The Reign of Henry VI, 1981.
- Hodgkin, T., The Warden of the Northern Marches, 1908.
- Neilson, G., The Battle of Sark, in Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Antiquarian and Natural History Society, vol. 13 1898.
- Paterson, Raymond Campbell, My Wound is Deep: History of the Anglo-Scottish Wars, 1380-1560, 1997. |
Index / Languages /
Language group that includes the languages Arabic, Hebrew in the Middle East region. Semitic languages belong to the Hamito-Semitic family.
Figures in 1000
% of MENA population
Only showing countries with more than | Index / Languages /
Language group that includes the languages Arabic, Hebrew in the Middle East region. Semitic languages belong to the Hamito-Semitic family.
Figures in 1000
% of MENA population
Only showing countries with more than one Semtic language. For the rest, see tables |
Standards in Economics
Below are the National Standards in Economics that most closely relate to the following lesson.
Name: Economic Growth
- Students will understand that: Investment in factories, machinery, new technology, and in the health, education, and | Standards in Economics
Below are the National Standards in Economics that most closely relate to the following lesson.
Name: Economic Growth
- Students will understand that: Investment in factories, machinery, new technology, and in the health, education, and training of people stimulates economic growth and can raise future standards of living.
- Students will be able to use this knowledge to: Predict the consequences of investment decisions made by individuals, businesses, and governments.
- Students will understand that: Income for most people is determined by the market value of the productive resources they sell. What workers earn primarily depends on the market value of what they produce.
- Students will be able to use this knowledge to: Predict future earnings based on their current plans for education, training, and career options.
Name: Unemployment and Inflation
- Students will understand that: Unemployment imposes costs on individuals and the overall economy. Inflation, both expected and unexpected, also imposes costs on individuals and the overall economy. Unemployment increases during recessions and decreases during recoveries.
- Students will be able to use this knowledge to: Make informed decisions by anticipating the consequences of inflation and unemployment.
Name: Fiscal and Monetary Policy
- Students will understand that: Federal government budgetary policy and the Federal Reserve System's monetary policy influence the overall levels of employment, output, and prices.
- Students will be able to use this knowledge to: Anticipate the impact of the federal government and the Federal Reserve System macroeconomic policy decisions on themselves and others.
- Students will understand that: Institutions evolve and are created to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals. Banks, labor unions, markets, corporations, legal systems, and not-for-profit organizations are examples of important institutions. A different kind of institution, clearly defined and enforced property rights, is essential to a market economy.
- Students will be able to use this knowledge to: Describe the roles of various economic institutions and explain the importance of property rights in a market economy.
- Students will understand that: When individuals, regions, and nations specialize in what they can produce at the lowest cost and then trade with others, both production and consumption increase.
- Students will be able to use this knowledge to: Explain how they can benefit themselves and others by developing special skills and strengths.
Name: Economic Fluctuations
- Students will understand that: Fluctuations in a nation's overall levels of income, employment, and prices are determined by the interaction of spending and production decisions made by all households, firms, government agencies, and others in the economy. Recessions occur when overall levels of i |
you need to do your own home work, how will you learn if I tell you? I will help you with some of and you can look up the rest. "It is a Declaration of Independence" It told the king that we wanted to | you need to do your own home work, how will you learn if I tell you? I will help you with some of and you can look up the rest. "It is a Declaration of Independence" It told the king that we wanted to be free of him and his taxes. To be free of taxation without |
Whenever you find yourself needing to glue something in a book, how often do you turn to the classical Pritt Stick? Near enough every time is my answer. However before forty years ago, people wouldn’t have a clue what you’re talking about | Whenever you find yourself needing to glue something in a book, how often do you turn to the classical Pritt Stick? Near enough every time is my answer. However before forty years ago, people wouldn’t have a clue what you’re talking about.
The Pritt Stick was invented in 1969 by a clever group of Germans who ran a company called Henkel. This was the very first glue stick that you had to twist to use it, this being a really successful idea because it’s not messy and easy to use. The glue was released under the Pritt name and has stuck ever since… ‘stuck’, ha ha I used a pun!
Just two years later, the glue was available in 38 different countries. The success of this company continued to rise, which led Henkel to produce more Pritt products such as ‘PowerPritt’ which is basically stronger sticking glue, PowerPritt Gel, PowerPritt Stick, Correction Comfort Roller and many more were made popular very quickly. They’ve even made Pritt tape. I wonder if nails and screws will be their next ideas.
Since the beginning, Henkel has earned six awards for their ideas and they have sold well over one billion glue sticks in 121 different countries, and now produces over 650,000 Pritt Sticks a day… so if you work it out it’s about 130 million a year. That’s a lot of glue. Oh and by the way, don’t eat glue sticks… it’s not good for you. Over 30 schools in the world have banned glue sticks because they are seen to be dangerous to young children. It’s quite silly really, if you ask me. |
Apr. 29, 2013 A study in The Journal of General Physiology presents new methods to evaluate how astrocytes contribute to brain function, paving the way for future exploration of these important brain cells at unprecedented levels of detail.
Astro | Apr. 29, 2013 A study in The Journal of General Physiology presents new methods to evaluate how astrocytes contribute to brain function, paving the way for future exploration of these important brain cells at unprecedented levels of detail.
Astrocytes -- the most abundant cell type in the human brain -- play crucial roles in brain physiology, which may include modulating synaptic activity and regulating local blood flow. Existing research tools can be used to monitor calcium signals associated with interactions between astrocytes and neurons or blood vessels. Until now, however, astrocytic calcium signals have been investigated mainly in their somata (cell bodies) and large processes, rather than in distal fine processes close to neuronal synapses or the endfeet that surround blood vessels. Previous studies have also mainly investigated immature specimens rather than mature brain cells.
Now, a team of California researchers provides detailed methods to visualize calcium signals throughout entire astrocytes in hippocampal slices from adult mice. The team observed numerous spontaneous localized calcium signals throughout the entire astrocyte, including the branchlets and endfeet. Their results indicated that calcium signals in endfeet were independent of those in somata and occurred more frequently. In addition to the specific findings, their methods can be used in future studies to advance our understanding of the physiology of astrocytes and their interactions with neurons and the microvasculature of the brain.
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Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
- E. Shigetomi, E. A. Bushong, M. D. Haustein, X. Tong, O. Jackson-Weaver, S. Kracun, J. Xu, M. V. Sofroniew, M. H. Ellisman, B. S. Khakh. Imaging calcium microdomains within entire astrocyte territories and endfeet with GCaMPs expressed using adeno-associated viruses. The Journal of General Physiology, 2013; 141 (5): 633 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201210949
- E. M. Adler. Tasting the bitter and the sweet, honeybee memories, and visualizing calcium throughout entire astrocytes. The Journal of General Physiology, 2013; 141 (5): 511 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201311002
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead. |
Did you know?
The use of renewable energy sources is on the rise. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, the world consumed 504.7 quadrillion BTU of energy in 2008 (the most recent year for which | Did you know?
The use of renewable energy sources is on the rise. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, the world consumed 504.7 quadrillion BTU of energy in 2008 (the most recent year for which statistics are available). Ten percent of that consumption was from renewable energy sources, including biofuels, biomass, wind, and solar energy. By 2035, the EIA forecasts that consumption of renewable energy will account for roughly 14 percent of the total world energy consumption. World electricity generation from renewable fuels also figures to be on the rise. In 2008, electricity generation from renewable fuels accounted for nearly 19 percent of the world’s total electricity generation, a figure the EIA estimates will be nearly 23 percent by 2035.
Fossil specimens found in the United States and Northern Africa indicate that roses have been around for at least 30 million years. Although there are thousands of different species of roses, only a handful are considered the most popular. These include the hybrid tea, floribunda, grandiflora, climber, and miniature roses. |
About this Guide
The Research/Writing/Citation Styles Guide is intended to help you throughout the research process, from how to get an idea for a research paper to finding scholarly materials that provide support for your paper to guides for writing well and producing | About this Guide
The Research/Writing/Citation Styles Guide is intended to help you throughout the research process, from how to get an idea for a research paper to finding scholarly materials that provide support for your paper to guides for writing well and producing a good bibliography.
Your bibliography consists of citations to the works you used as sources for your paper. To be acceptable, you must cite these in a certain style. The most common styles are those of the American Psychological Association, known as APA style, that of the Modern Languages Assosciation, known as MLA style, and the style created by the University of Chicago, known as Chicago style. A commonly-used subset of Chicago is called Turabian after its most noted editor. Under the "Citation Styles" tab you wil |
The Pindan walnut (Terminalia cunninghamii), also known as the “Kalumburu almond,” is native to the North Western Coast of Australia above the Tropic of Capricorn. It is a relatively new discovery to Europeans and | The Pindan walnut (Terminalia cunninghamii), also known as the “Kalumburu almond,” is native to the North Western Coast of Australia above the Tropic of Capricorn. It is a relatively new discovery to Europeans and their descendents, who only explored this area of Australia in the early 1900s, but it has been previously known and used by the Aborigines. The local Karajarri people call the nut “Kumpaja.” Eaten raw, the kernel of the nut tastes like almond, but when roasted it tastes like cashew nuts. It is mostly eaten raw. Around thickets of wild trees, it is not unusual to find a carpet of nutshells next to a stone “anvil” with a depression in it and stone “hammers” nearby used to conveniently crack the nuts.
It is a small nut, the size of a large cherry. Within the outer skin is a hard, woody coating, and is a difficult nut to crack. Despite the impenetrability of its cork-like inner husk, it is not dissimilar to – and actually easier to crack – than the Macadamia nut (a native to the east coast of Australia). Currently, it is largely harvested from the wild, although for the past ten years it has been the subject of cultivation trials in practical training programs with local Aboriginal people from the West Kimberley. This program has developed techniques to successfully grow the tree as part of an initiative to establish plantations of traditionally important bush foods on remote communities across the region. There is no necessity for actual picking as, when ripe, the nuts fall from the trees, where they can remain on the ground and viable for many months, even years in drier areas. For this reason, the nut is a particularly important and prized food as it is available virtually all year round, though it is harvested mainly for home consumption as opposed to commercial sales.
This species, native to Gondwana (the former supercontinent containing the landmasses of today’s southern hemisphere), has existed for tens of millions of years. It would have been eaten and feasted on by the first human populations, the Aborigines, who arrived on the Australian continent between 40,000 and 60,000 years ago. There are no traditional recipes, as it could be and usually has been eaten raw. Although it is indigenous to the northwestern Australian coast, it is currently entirely wild-harvested around Broome in western Australia. It is a unique species, and a relic from the Gondwana ecosystems that were very different to the fire-tolerant savannah of today, which replaced the vast forests around 46,000 years ago. There is a widely supported theory that plant species like the Pindan walnut were once much more widespread, and for millions of years were fed on - and their seeds spread by - various mega fauna. Since the extinction of the mega fauna, these plants have steadily been reduced into more isolated pockets, a process still occurring and even accelerating today with the increasing incidence of wildfires across the landscape due to the cessation of traditional Aboriginal burning practices. Even its contemporary habitat is under threat from the increasing number of wildfires and massive industrial expansion. Successful commercial cultivation of the nuts could empower local indigenous Aboriginal communities and bring worldwide recognition to this indigenous Australian food. |
BROWSE BY YEAR
BROWSE BY SUBJECT
SUBMIT YOUR MANUSCRIPT
PROMOTING YOUR BOOK
Check Your Concepts
|Before you finalize your manuscript, check some of your concepts: |
We have found that | BROWSE BY YEAR
BROWSE BY SUBJECT
SUBMIT YOUR MANUSCRIPT
PROMOTING YOUR BOOK
Check Your Concepts
|Before you finalize your manuscript, check some of your concepts: |
We have found that the words on this short list tend to be over-used, and used thoughtlessly at that. They are red flags that indicate to us that the writer's brain probably turned off for a moment. When used casually, they are meaningless, emotion/judgment-laden terms that reflect certain prejudices and propaganda language, and are precisely the kind of vague and un -examined assumptions that we expect our writers to oblige their readers to analyze rationally.
If you have used these words, or their equivalent, please check whether you have used them responsibly. If you have used them more than a few times, you almost surely need to be more precise in expressing what you mean. To challenge your thinking, let us propose:
No one believes unqualified liberty is a good thing, or we would not have laws to limit child abuse. What do you have in mind?
Democracy is not an exact synonym for “representative government” and, while parliamentary forms of government do not provide what we like to think of as direct elections, they are “representative” and they do provide for elections. What about affirmative action? When you refer to democracy, do you know what you mean?
Let us remind everyone that in most parts of the world (the US/UK almost uniquely excepted), the electoral process is practiced more democratically than the so-called democracy of the two-party system allows. This proportional representation provides for a multi-party parliamentary system where people are voting for representative parties and not for individuals. If you state that Slobodan Milosevic was never elected that is factually false. He, as well as Romano Prodi, Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero, Junichiro Koizumi, Helmut Kohl, François Mitterrand, Olof Palme, de Gaulle or Nicolae Ceausescu were elected officials without having campaigned for their personal election. But they were personally elected as leaders of their respective parties, which parties then won control in their respective Parliaments. Here, only the details diverge.
Most of those who you might call “dictators” got there by legitimate political process. True, most of them provided “leadership.” When they were in power during turbulent times, when their countries were under attack or when were being subverted from within by an undeclared war, their opponents found it convenient to resort to name-calling. Nevertheless we expect you to refer to an official person by his official title rather just name-calling. After all, you are a political scientist not a heckler at the street corner.
The intellectually dubious notion of “evil” could be used if you write about Hell or demons. It even might be a good piece of political pandering but it is not a good piece of academic work. |
Audio ExcerptNew Testament scholars assess the reasons why Rome ultimately embraced Christianity.
The ideas that had started with the carpenter's son were being re-interpreted. In the uncompromising language of Apocalypse, Jesus had preached the message of the | Audio ExcerptNew Testament scholars assess the reasons why Rome ultimately embraced Christianity.
The ideas that had started with the carpenter's son were being re-interpreted. In the uncompromising language of Apocalypse, Jesus had preached the message of the coming Kingdom of God. Now Jesus himself became the message and the source of eternal life.
The message that was preached here promised spiritual gifts to people that went beyond the everyday life experience and promised also immortality, promised a future life which would be liberation from si |
PRINCETON, N.J. — The newly unveiled exhibit “Coastal Impressions: Painters of the Jersey Shore, 1880–1940” presents an entirely different aspect of the New Jersey Shore than that of the popular | PRINCETON, N.J. — The newly unveiled exhibit “Coastal Impressions: Painters of the Jersey Shore, 1880–1940” presents an entirely different aspect of the New Jersey Shore than that of the popular perception. This is a revelation of the quiet coves and harbors along the coast, portrayed by dozens and dozens of little-known but eminently talented artists. Works in the exhibition delineate the play of light and water practiced by the Regional Impressionists who captured the once-serene beaches and bays of the Jersey Shore on canvas.
On view at the Morven Museum & Garden, “Coastal Impressions” illuminates the prolific artist colonies of the Jersey Shore in the late Nineteenth Century and first part of the Twentieth Century. As such, it demonstrates six degrees of separation: the network of connections among the men and women drawn to work along coastal New Jersey. Most were related by training, travel or simple geography. Like the artists of many coastal artist colonies in the United States at the time, these men and women were drawn to the interplay of light and water, often capturing the scenes while working in the open air.
In most cases, more than one work by each artist is on view, allowing a hint of the evolution of the artist’s style. Most of the pictures on view are from the collection of Lambertville, N.J., dealer Roy Pedersen, author of the forthcoming Jersey Shore Impressionists: The Fascination of Sun and Sea 1880–1940.
Although some artists had painted along the Jersey Shore throughout the Nineteenth Century — John Frederick Kensett made “Shrewsbury River” in 1859, and Winslow Homer painted “Long Branch” in 1869 — area artist colonies appeared in the region a little later. What is unusual about the painters of the New Jersey Shore is the number of women artists there.
Many of the artists who began arriving in the Manasquan River area around 1880 had returned recently from study in France, Italy and Germany, where they had studied with the masters and came away influenced by en plein air painting. Several spent summers at Barbizon. Most are relatively unknown outside New Jersey and gifted with a distinctive aesthetic and impressive range and versatility. The exhibition should bring recognition to the New Jersey Impressionists.
Among the earliest arrivals was Will Hicok Low, who, after study in France with Gérôme and Carolus-Duran, returned the United States and spent summers at Brielle and Point Pleasant Beach, both on the Manasquan River. A commission to illustrate “Lamia” by John Keats led him to rent a cottage at Manasquan in order to work on the project. Low seems to have been a social mainstay of the area. It was his friendship in France with Robert Louis Stevenson that led the author to spend time in Manasquan. Another of his friends was Wyatt Eaton, whom he met in France and who also spent time in Manasquan visiting Carrie Sanborn. Eaton studied with Whistler, Gérôme and Millet.
Although the Manasquan River area was well populated with artists, painters worked along much of the New Jersey coast.
As a child, Philadelphia artist Thomas Eakins began visiting Tindall’s Landing in Fairton on Cohansey Creek where his father co-owned a boathouse. He and his father swam and fished; later, Eakins also sailed and hunted. Eakins depicted himself and his parent in the circa 1874 “The Artist and His Father Hunting Reed-Birds on the Cohansey Marsh,” which is on view. Later in life, Eakins spent time at Manasquan and Point Pleasant.
Eakins was a central figure among the artists of the Jersey Shore. He was an important, if controversial, instructor at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and later at the Art Students League in Philadelphia and New York, the Art Students Guild in Washington, the National Academy of Design, Cooper Union and Drexel University.
It was Eakins who in 1880 began using the camera in the studio to explore precision of movement; other artists followed.
Thomas Pollock Anshutz established himself in Holly Beach (now Wildwood) after studying and teaching with Eakins at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and then in Paris, where he absorbed the teachings and techniques of the Impressionists. His paintings and watercolors of Holly Beach made in the 1890s evoke the calm coves and flat landscape of the coast.
Another of Eakins’ former students was Edward Boulton, one of the founding members of the Art Students League of Philadelphia, who also served as president of the organization in which Eakins was the sole instructor. Living and working around the Manasquan River, with Eakins as his neighbor, he painted Impressionist views of coastal life and pursuits for 34 years. His “Bay Head Pound Fishery” visually draws the viewer into the canvas, making the climb up over the dune to the sea. Boulton’s 1894 “View of the Manasquan” and his circa 1910 “On the Manasquan” illustrate |
You can make a difference in your blood glucose control. To keep your blood glucose levels within goal range, balance what you eat and drink, diabetes medications (if taken), and physical activity.
What is the role of carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are | You can make a difference in your blood glucose control. To keep your blood glucose levels within goal range, balance what you eat and drink, diabetes medications (if taken), and physical activity.
What is the role of carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are the body’s main energy source. About half of your daily calories should come from carbohydrates. Carbohydrate choices include bread, grains and starchy vegetables, fruits, dairy products, and sweets. These foods break down into sugar. This sugar is then stored and used for energy. Insulin is needed to transport the sugar in the blood to its storage area. In diabetes, a lack of insulin or too little insulin results in high blood sugar levels.
What is carbohydrate counting and how does it work?
Carbohydrate counting involves determining the amount of carbohydrate that is right for you at each meal and for the entire day. Reading food labels for total carbohydrates and measuring serving sizes will help. For example, a breakfast consisting of 1 slice of toast with 1 tsp. peanut butter, half a banana, and 1 cup of milk = 3 carbohydrate servings or 45 grams of carbohydrate. (1 serving = 15 grams of carbohydrate). A registered dietitian can help you learn more about carbohydrate counting and help you decide how much carbohydrate you should have each meal and day.
Are some carbohydrates better than others?
The amount of carbohydrate you eat at one time has the biggest impact on your blood sugars. Pay attention to portion sizes. Look for vegetables, fruits, and whole grains (breads and cereals that have a whole grain listed as the first ingredient) and side dishes such as barley, whole grain pastas, brown rice, beans, and lentils. Choose fresh fruits and vegetables, or those frozen or canned without added sugars or salts.
How often should I exercise?
Exercise improves fitness, increases insulin sensitivity, maintains bone health, helps in weight management, and improves sleep patterns. Exercise can help lower blood glucose levels, which is why exercising in the morning or after a meal might naturally help to lower any higher blood glucose levels.
Exercise includes many activities—walking, swimming, biking, tennis, gardening, lawn-mowing. Think of what you like to do, then get moving! Exercise should include 150 minutes/week of moderate intensity aerobic physical activity (50-70% of maximum heart rate). In addition, people with Type 2 diabetes should be encouraged to perform resistance training three times per week. Check with your doctor before beginning any exercise program.
To help develop a meal plan that is right for your lifestyle, contact a registered dietitian from the Department of Nutrition Therapy at the Cleveland Clinic.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diabetes: Eat Right. www.cdc.gov Accessed 6/22/2012
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Diabetes and Diet. www.eatright.org Accessed 6/22/2012
© Copyright 1995-2012 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. All rights reserved.
Can't find the health information you’re looking for?
This information is provided by the Cleveland Clinic and is not intended to replace the medical advice of your doctor or health care provider. Please consult your health care provider for advice about a specific medical condition. This document was last reviewed on: 5/12/2012...#12474 |
On April 20, 1999, two teenagers armed with semiautomatic weapons and explosives killed thirteen people at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado. The teenagers, both students at Columbine, then took their own lives. | On April 20, 1999, two teenagers armed with semiautomatic weapons and explosives killed thirteen people at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado. The teenagers, both students at Columbine, then took their own lives. The high school massacre in Littleton came in the wake of other school shootings. In 1997 in Pearl, Mississippi, a sixteen-year-old killed two students while in 1998 in Jonesboro, Arkansas, two middle school students killed four students and a teacher and wounded fifteen others. Sadly, the carnage did not end with the Littleton shooting. Just a month after Columbine, a fifteen-year-old wounded six students at a high school in Georgia; in May 2000, a seventh-grader shot a teacher at a Florida middle school; and in March 2001, a fifteen-year-old boy opened fire at a high school in Santee, California, killing two students and injuring thirteen others.
This seeming epidemic of school shootings has raised the level of public debate about a number of issues. Since all of the killers used firearms, many blamed the school shootings on the widespread availability of guns. Because most of the shooters were unpopular boys who had been rejected and in some cases tormented by their schoolmates, others have focused on the problem of bullying and peer-to-peer abuse in America’s schools. However, since guns and bullying have always been problems with many of America’s troubled youth, others looked beyond the obvious, pointing an accusing finger at the level of violence in the media. Could higher levels of violence in the media be what’s pushing some troubled students to commit violence?
What the research s |
|askPauline's Homeschool Info||askPauline's Guide to Homeschooling in PA
PA Home Education Statistics
"Appropriate education" shall mean a program consisting of instruction in the required subjects for the time required in this act | |askPauline's Homeschool Info||askPauline's Guide to Homeschooling in PA
PA Home Education Statistics
"Appropriate education" shall mean a program consisting of instruction in the required subjects for the time required in this act and in which the student demonstrates sustained progress in the overall program.
Homeschoolers have a lot of choices available. Please take the information you find useful from these pages and ignore the rest.
Many people, including me, will give opinions on the PA homeschooling law. I believe that everyone should read the law for themselves, read a few opinions about it, and decide for themselves what approach makes sense for their family.
I might be wrong! I am not a lawyer! Your circumstances may be different! This page, and others on this site, are not intended as legal advice. School districts vary considerably in their interpretation of the home education law. Please double-check legal information with appropriate sources. In particular, the PA Dept. of Ed. may be helpful.
This web page by Pauline Harding for Art Nurk.
Every year the PA Department of Education collects statistics on Home Education programs. Below are some highlights of their statistics. More statistics are available at PDE Home Ed Statistics. The districts report the information to the PDE using the Home Education and Private Tutoring Report form. You can also call the PDE for more information.
These statistics do not include students registered under the private tutor law, students in public cyber charter schools, or students who are too young to be registered with their school district.
I do not know the stories behind these numbers. I do not know how accurate these numbers are. |
A CONTRAPTION that automatically fits deer with a pesticide-impregnated collar is helping to tackle the menace of Lyme disease, which is usually spread by ticks that live on the deer.
Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium
The | A CONTRAPTION that automatically fits deer with a pesticide-impregnated collar is helping to tackle the menace of Lyme disease, which is usually spread by ticks that live on the deer.
Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium
The infection is transmitted when people are bitten by ticks carrying the bacterium. Ideas for control have ranged from developing human vaccines to releasing a fungus that attacks the Lyme disease ticks and kills them.
Some 95 per cent of Lyme disease cases in the US occur in the northeastern states, where the numbers of the ticks' main host, the white-tailed deer, are on the increase, says biologist...
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content. |
April 10, 2013 Science discovers one dark material after another, making reality stranger than fiction. Commentator Marcelo Gleiser says the recent observation of the Higgs field and last week's announcement of the possible detection of dark matter are | April 10, 2013 Science discovers one dark material after another, making reality stranger than fiction. Commentator Marcelo Gleiser says the recent observation of the Higgs field and last week's announcement of the possible detection of dark matter are just the latest data points in our long quest to know what the Universe is made of.
May 2, 2012 Has physics done away with the need for philosophy and theology? While the debate rages on, we might wonder if it's the job of science to deal with final quest |
Color Blindness Filter in Photoshop CS4
An accessibility tip I learned from the Photo Walk Pro blog is a new proofing tool in Photoshop CS4 which simulates two types of color blindness (or color deficient view).
The simple how to is | Color Blindness Filter in Photoshop CS4
An accessibility tip I learned from the Photo Walk Pro blog is a new proofing tool in Photoshop CS4 which simulates two types of color blindness (or color deficient view).
The simple how to is that you:
1. Open an image in Photoshop CS4.
2. Go to the View menu then Proof Setup then select one of the two Color Blindness options at the bottom of the menu. See Photo Walk Pro entry for screencaps.
3. To return to full color, go to View then Proof Colors.
If successful, the colors of your image will be reduced to just those seen by certain types of color deficient viewers - essentially shades or royal blue and yellow/brown. The two spectra images below are a simple demo.
|Normal Vision||Color Deficient|
Besides showing you what a color blind user may see, this proofing tool is a chance to see if your informational graphics are coherent to a color deficient user. For example when the color coded labels of the fake K-12 site are proofed in a color deficient proof, almost all the changes in hue are lost and replaced with varying shades of olive brown.
Fortunately, the value contrast is sufficient that the labels can be read...even if the student might be confused with the instructions "Click the red one."
Full Color K-12 Labels
Color Deficient Version
I should point out that there are lots of variations among color deficient viewers, especially in terms of how red is perceived - I've seen reports that red = black or that red = brown. It is a clear demonstration of why many color deficient users fail to understand the excitement of autumn leaf colors or can't tell blue and purple apart. |
NAIROBI, Kenya — George Morara, a program officer with the Kenya Human Rights Commission, is compact and strong, like a boxer. But the fight on his hands now is to defend veterans of the Mau Mau nationalist movement in | NAIROBI, Kenya — George Morara, a program officer with the Kenya Human Rights Commission, is compact and strong, like a boxer. But the fight on his hands now is to defend veterans of the Mau Mau nationalist movement in their sunset years.
It was partly his research, planning, and pleading that recently won the right to trial in a British court for these aging veterans of rebellion against colonial rule more than 50 years ago.
But a case against the British, who once ruled Kenya, would not have been possible without the work of Harvard historian Caroline Elkins, said Morara. He credits her scholarship and voluminous oral histories as the primary evidence for Mau Mau justice. “Without her seminal work,” he said, “this story wouldn’t have come to the fore.”
Mau Mau veterans, in search of an apology and financial relief, may get their day in court by 2013. But Morara fears that the longer the case drags on, the fewer Mau Mau will be alive to see a settlement.
Even in Kenya, he said, it took years for the Mau Mau to be recognized for their role, mostly during the 1950s, in liberating the country from British rule. A ban on recognizing Mau Mau veterans was lifted only in 2003, the same year that the Mau Mau War Veterans Association was founded. Before that, said Morara, “There was no (voice) for survivors.”
Until 2003, successive Kenyan governments had been “very ambivalent” about the Mau Mau, he said, and sometimes official feelings spilled over into rancor. Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya’s first president and a former political prisoner of the British, was once thought to have inspired the Mau Mau movement. But after independence he called the Mau Mau “a terrible disease.” His successor, Daniel arap Moi, aired similar feelings.
But once veterans had a voice, they moved quickly. In 2003, they appealed to the human rights commission for redress from the British, who oversaw a protectorate and then a colony in Kenya from 1895 until 1963. The Mau Mau uprising was essentially a war of liberation from British rule. It was also a time of widespread torture, rape, detention, and starvation in a “gulag” run by colonial authorities, according to Elkins, professor of history and African and African American Studies.
Oral histories also had a role in getting to trial. In 2006, the rights commission, in an effort led by Morara, interviewed 42 potential claimants. Five were chosen, including two women and three men. One, Susan Ciong’ombe Ngondi, has since died.
On a shelf in his office, Morara keeps tapes of all the interviews. “Every time we hear the veterans speak, they break down,” he said. “They (tell) absolutely painful, horrific stories.”
For the British government to continue to press its case for dismissal makes the issue “a war of attrition,” said Morara. “These veterans are old.” He estimated there are as many as 75,000 former Mau Mau fighters, scouts, and sympathizers still alive in Kenya. Most are 70 and older. Among the official claimants, the youngest is 75 and the oldest 84.
The five were chosen because they represented some of the abuses that occurred in the Mau Mau era. “It’s about torture,” said Morara of the case against the British. The two women had been raped. One man had been beaten |
AN ANTI-SLAVERY GROUP OF 1850.
WE give with this a reproduction of a very interesting picture. It is a large daguerreotype, and belongs to William Still of this city, a well-known colored citizen, formerly | AN ANTI-SLAVERY GROUP OF 1850.
WE give with this a reproduction of a very interesting picture. It is a large daguerreotype, and belongs to William Still of this city, a well-known colored citizen, formerly, for many years, active in the anti-slavery work, and intimately connected with the "underground railroad." It is a picture of twelve members of the Executive Committee of the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society, and belongs to the period about 1850. It must have been taken before Eleventh month, 1851, as at that time Sarah Pugh, who is one of the group, went to Europe, not returning until Tenth month, 1853. Nor could it have been taken later than her departure for Europe, because Haworth Wetherald, another of the group, died in First month, 1853, (or possibly 1852).
The twelve persons presented are James Mott, Lucretia Mott, Robert Purvis, Oliver Johnson, J. Miller McKim, Edward M. Davis, Abby Kimber, Mary Grew, Sarah Pugh, Haworth Wetherald, Margaret Jones, and Benjamin C. Bacon.
The daguerreotype, neatly framed, and carefully preserved by William Still, is a beautiful example of the art, preceding photography, developed by Daguerre. The portraits are all exquisitely delicate and clear. Reproduction, however, of a daguerreotype is difficult, and our picture is not entirely satisfactory as to some of the portraits, especially Oliver Johnson and James Mott. The former's face appears narrowed, and the mouth smaller, affecting the expression. Mary Grew is also less faithful in the reproduction than we could wish. Most of the others are good, and several quite so.
The recent death of Mary Grew, (on Tenth month 10, in this city), gives the picture special interest at this time. She and Robert Purvis were the only survivors of the twelve. Robert is now the last one living. Mary Grew was born in Hartford, Conn., Ninth month, 1813. Her father, Henry Grew, a Baptist minister, after moving to Boston, came in 1834 to Philadelphia, where he was for some time in charge of a church on Bank street. She had met William Lloyd Garrison in Hartford, as early as 1830, and had joined a year later the New Eng- |
Over 8,000 websites created by students around the world who have participated in a ThinkQuest Competition.
A More Perfect Union
Our website is a basic guide for learning and teaching three points in history including the Articles of Confederation, Convention and | Over 8,000 websites created by students around the world who have participated in a ThinkQuest Competition.
A More Perfect Union
Our website is a basic guide for learning and teaching three points in history including the Articles of Confederation, Convention and Compromise, and A New Plan of Government. These points fall into the topic of A More Perfect Union. The website includes Do Nows, Notes, Homeworks, Quizzes, a Unit Test, and jeopardy.
15 & under
History & Government > United States > Government |
Coming upon scrapes or rubs in the woods gives confidence to a hunter because those markings are a visual sign that a buck has visited the area. For white-tailed deer, though, scrapes and rubs are not only visual signs, | Coming upon scrapes or rubs in the woods gives confidence to a hunter because those markings are a visual sign that a buck has visited the area. For white-tailed deer, though, scrapes and rubs are not only visual signs, the markings are also olfactory ones. In essence, scrapes and rubs are a means of communication among the deer, particularly bucks in a given area. Outdoor writer Oak Dukes refers to scrapes and rubs as the Whitetail Internet, and, in fact, scrapes and rubs do for deer what Facebook postings do for humans.
Although scrapes and rubs vary with the individuality of the maker, todays column looks at the basics of whitetail scrapes and rubs.
A scrape is an area that a buck paws up with his hooves to remove leaves and grass so that only bare ground shows. Generally oval in shape, a scrape often has a tree branch directly overhead. A buck works the overhanging branch by biting or nibbling at it; sometimes a buck will even shred the overhanging branch with his antlers. Too, the buck will rub the branch with his forehead and lick the branch in order to deposit his scent and to communicate his presence to other deer in the area.
For the most part, scrapes are buck-to-buck communications. Wildlife biologists believe that scrapes allow bucks with overlapping areas to monitor one another especially in light of their social rank. Scrapes are one method by which older bucks display their dominance. While scraping may take place year round, the majority of scrape behavior takes place during the pre-rut period. Scrapes appear at a higher frequency when a balanced buck-to-doe ratio exists and when the herd is comprised of a good number of mature bucks.
Scrapes are generally classified as secondary or primary. Secondary scrapes are often randomly placed, and they receive minimal, if any, follow-up attention. Many secondary scrapes are testosterone-driven where a buck will simply do some scraping prior to the does coming into estrus. Too, subordinate bucks create scrapes to announce their presence in an area, and just as a dog marks his territory so may a deer make boundary scrapes.
Unlike secondary scrapes, primary ones are strategically placed, primarily in high-traffic areas such as feeding sites, travel corridors, intersections of major runways, and bottlenecks. Mature bucks make primary scrapes, and because other deer tend to visit these scrapes, they are sometimes called community scrapes. Research indicates that 70 percent of scrape activity occurs under the cover of darkness, and that dominant bucks may or may not revisit and refresh their scrapes.
As the name suggests, a rub occurs when a buck rubs the base of his antlers against the lower portion of a tree or sapling. Both whitetails and hunters readily identify rubs because the bark has been scraped from the tree. Rubs are the most common visual sign that bucks make, although rubs have an olfactory feature, too, because bucks rub their forehead glands and lick the rub. A rub is essentially a signpost, and when other deer encounter a rub, they can identify the individual buck who rubbed there.
Some hunters believe that the size of a buck can be determined by the size of the tree on which a rub has occurred, but authorities disclaim this belief. While it is generally true that large bucks rub larger trees and smaller bucks work smaller trees, research has shown that big bucks will rub saplings and young bucks will rub trees with a six-inch diameter.
Experts generally acknowledge three patterns of rubs. One is the rub line, a series of rubs that follow a meandering path between a bucks bedding and feeding areas. The second pattern is a cluster of rubs, and as the name suggests, cluster rubs occur in bunches and are commonly found in the vicinity of a bucks bedding area. The third pattern is actually not a pattern at all because these rubs are random ones. Bucks make random rubs in their wanderings, and such rubs are often testosterone-driven.
Authorities believe that dominant bucks do most of the rubbing. If an area beams with rubs, one can conclude that a mature buck has made the rubs and that a balanced buck-to-doe ratio exists. Experts contend that rubs serve as an expression of dominance, and that a mature bucks rubs say to lesser bucks in the area, No trespassing.
Today-May 1: Boaters must wear PFDs on vessels Less than 21 feet.
Wednesday: American Woodcock season closes.
Saturday: Regular Deer Season opens in Southern Zone.
Dec. 2: Regular Deer Season closes in Northern Zone. |
For the more information about the air resources of the National Park Service, please visit http://www.nature.nps.gov/air/.
Cathedral Park contains a remnant virgin hemlock forest and dense thickets of rhododendron | For the more information about the air resources of the National Park Service, please visit http://www.nature.nps.gov/air/.
Cathedral Park contains a remnant virgin hemlock forest and dense thickets of rhododendron on a cool, poorly drained substrate.
Location: Preston County, WV
Year designated: 1965
For additional information see:
Please remember, National Natural Landmarks (NNLs) are not national parks. NNL status does not indicate public ownership, and many sites are not open for visitation.
Last Updated: June 28, 2012 |
WSPPN Maintains These Topic Hubs
Agricultural chemicals / Agriculture / Air monitoring / Air pollution / Air quality / Aircraft industry / Alternative fuels / Aluminum / Aluminum industry and trade / Carbon / Carbon dioxide / Carbon monoxide / Carbon | WSPPN Maintains These Topic Hubs
Agricultural chemicals / Agriculture / Air monitoring / Air pollution / Air quality / Aircraft industry / Alternative fuels / Aluminum / Aluminum industry and trade / Carbon / Carbon dioxide / Carbon monoxide / Carbon tetrachloride / Case studies / Chemicals / Climatic changes / Climatology / Economic impact / Emission control / Emissions / Energy conservation / Energy consumption / Environmental chemistry / Environmental exposure / Environmental health / Environmental management / Forests and forestry / Fossil fuels / Global warming / Government agencies / Green marketing / Greenhouse gases / Hazardous waste / Hazardous waste management / Health / Health effects / Hydrofluorocarbons / Land use / Lean / Lean and environment / Life cycle assessment / Methane / Modeling / Ozone layer / Semiconductors / Steel industry and trade / Temperature control / Tools / Waste / Water supply
Alphabetical Listing of Reference Documents by Title
NOTE: [PDF] links require Acrobat Reader from Adobe.
Abstract: 350 believes in the power of creativity, hard work, and collaboration to make voices heard with little time or resources. The group works to educate and promote activities to increase awareness and keep global GHG emissions below 350 ppm in the atmosphere.
A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard, Source: GHG Protocol [PDF]
Abstract: Greenhouse Gas Protocol is a multi-stakeholder and consensus-based partnership of about 170 businesses, non-governmental organizations, governments, to develop internationally accepted GHG accounting and reporting standards for business and to promote their broad adoption convened by the World Resources Institute and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development.
Source: World Business Council for Sustainable Development
Guide to Energy Efficiency in Aluminum Smelters
Abstract: The aluminum industry is a significant energy consumer and seeks ways to reduce energy consumption and achieve better performance. This document describes efforts and opportunities.
Source: Natural Resources Canada
Human Health (Climate Institute Core Issues)
Abstract: Researchers have found a close link between local climate and the occurrence or severity of some diseases and other threats to human health.
Source: Climate Institute
Materials Management and Climate Change Toolkit
Abstract: Compiled resources to integrate material conservation into a community GHG inventory and climate action planning,including new approaches to inventories that quantifies impacts from materials, model plans that include materials conservation, innovative policies and example ordinances, standards, and more.
Source: West Coast Climate and Materials Management Forum
The Climate Registry
Abstract: Nonprofit collaboration among North American states, provinces, territories and sovereign nations that sets consistent and transparent standards to calculate, verify and publicly report GHG into a single registry.
Source: Climate Registry Board of Directors
The Impact of Climate Change on Human Health
Abstract: The core concern is succinctly stated: climate change endangers health in fundamental ways.
Source: World Health Organization
The Topic Hub™ is a product of the Pollution Prevention Resource Exchange (P2Rx)
The Climate Change Topic Hub™ was developed by:
Hub Last Updated: 5/7/2013 |
A standardised nomenclature was proposed by Lars Ostergaard (JIC, Norwich) and Graham King (Rothamsted Research) for genes described within the Brassica genus. This enables a distinction to be made between copies associated | A standardised nomenclature was proposed by Lars Ostergaard (JIC, Norwich) and Graham King (Rothamsted Research) for genes described within the Brassica genus. This enables a distinction to be made between copies associated with the different haploid genomes, as well as at paralogous loci. The nomenclature convention was discussed at the January 2008 MBGP Steering Committee meeting, and then put |
For one week, Katie Vellios strapped on waders and spent her mornings collecting water samples from streams and wetlands. In the afternoons, she tested water quality in a laboratory. Her future career, she now knows, will probably | For one week, Katie Vellios strapped on waders and spent her mornings collecting water samples from streams and wetlands. In the afternoons, she tested water quality in a laboratory. Her future career, she now knows, will probably focus on laboratory sciences.
“I think I prefer the lab more than the field,” Vellios said. “This whole nature thing isn’t my style, but it should make me appreciate it more than I did before.”
During the second week of July, 16 rising sophomores from Susquehanna Twp. High School immersed themselves in environmental science and biology studies at Juniata College Raystown Field Station.
The Penn State College of Medicine administered the program as part of a five-year, $1.3 million Science Education Partnership Award grant from the National Institutes of Health, plus a grant from the state Department of Environmental Protection.
The camp marked the first of three years that researchers from Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center will advise Susquehanna Twp. High School teachers on science education. The researchers have already begun working with Middletown, East Pennsboro, Steelton-Highspire and SciTech high schools, but this summer was the first time that experiential efforts moved from a laboratory to the outdoors, said Dr. Robert Bonneau, professor of microbiology and immunology and pediatrics at Hershey Medical Center.
The Susquehanna Twp. students — eight girls and eight boys — studied the impact of humans on the environment and the impact of the environment on human health.
“Our underlying theme was wat |
The National PTA asked teachers what they wished parents would do to help their children in school. Here are their answers:
1. Be involved in your children's education. Parents' involvement helps students learn and improves schools.
2. Provide resources at | The National PTA asked teachers what they wished parents would do to help their children in school. Here are their answers:
1. Be involved in your children's education. Parents' involvement helps students learn and improves schools.
2. Provide resources at home for reading and learning. Parents should have books and magazines for their children. And parents should read to or with their children each day.
3. Set a good example. Show your children you believe reading is enjoyable and useful. Don't spend all your time in front of the TV, either.
4. Encourage children to do their best in school. Show you believe that education is important and that you want your children to do the best they possibly can.
5. Emphasize academics. Too many parents get caught up in athletics and in preparing their children for the world of work. Academics should be their first concern.
6. Support school rules and goals.
7. Use pressure positively. Encourage children to do their best. But don't apply too much pressure by setting unattainable goals or by involving children in too many activities.
8. Call teachers early if there is a problem so there is still time to improve the situation. (Don't wait for teachers to call.)
9. Accept your basic responsibility as parents. Do not expect the school and teachers to take over this job.
Copyright © Parent Institute |
This lack of down-to-Earth, nitty
gritty details on how Apache Hadoop works and who uses it may make it seem more
elusive than it really is, but that couldn’t be further from
the truth. H | This lack of down-to-Earth, nitty
gritty details on how Apache Hadoop works and who uses it may make it seem more
elusive than it really is, but that couldn’t be further from
the truth. Hadoop isn’t the exclusive Web technology of the digital gods atop Mt. Olympus;
in fact, many major ‘Net names are using it right now, and have been for some
Let’s take a look at how some of today’s top Web companies are
utilizing Apache Hadoop:
Amazon Web Services
The leader in cloud computing and Hadoop
appear to be a natural fit together. AWS customers are able to use Hadoop with their
Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and/or Simple Storage Service (S3) accounts.
AWS offers Amazon Elastic
MapReduce, which automates the provisioning of Hadoop clusters, running and
termination of jobs, and handling of data transfers between EC2 and S3. Plus,
customers can access Apache Hive, a data warehouse infrastructure built on
Hadoop for data summarization, query, and analysis. Many of the Web businesses
that use Hadoop do so by going through Amazon Web Services, as products like
Elastic MapReduce simplify the management of large Hadoop clusters and allow companies
to immediately begin analyzing and utilizing their big data sets.
With over 900 million users, Facebook is far and away the world’s largest
social network, so it obviously has a massive amount of data to store. It makes
sense, then, that it would turn to Hadoop to help manage all of that
information. The social network stores over 100 petabytes (PB) of data in a
single HDFS filesystem in over 100 different clusters.
It turns out that Facebook is so
committed to the Hadoop platform that its engineering team actually worked to
solve the biggest Hadoop problem to date – the fact that the NameNode metadata
service runs on a single node, meaning anytime it goes down, nothing on HDFS runs
properly – with the creation of AvatarNode, which establishes a two-node
NameNode with manual failover. Facebook has even open sourced AvatarNode back into
the Hadoop community.
Location-based social network Foursquare
boasts over 10 million users that check into businesses and share their
locations with friends using the company’s smartphone app. With so much data
coming and going throughout the day, the company needed a way to leverage big
data analytics that would be efficient, cost-effective, and flexible. This led
Foursquare to Amazon Elastic MapReduce.
Foursquare utilizes the open
source Apache Flume to send hundreds of millions of application logs into the
S3 storage cloud every day, and then uses Elastic MapReduce to analyze them,
gleaning insights on how new features are being used, machine learning,
exploratory analysis, customer usage, and long-term trends. Accessing Hadoop
through Amazon Elastic MapReduce was a logical decision for Foursquare, as it
was already employing Amazon S3 and could do away with the difficult management
and wasted time spent trying to manage a Hadoop cluster all on its own.
When Yahoo! first launched its Hadoop production application in 2008, it was one
of the platform’s largest (and most notable) users. Since then, Yahoo! has
continued to be one of Hadoop’s biggest supporters; its Search Webmap
application runs on over 10,000 core Linux clusters and produces data used in
every Yahoo! search query, and over time, the company has contributed over 80
percent of code to Hadoop along with Hortonworks.
The company runs Hadoop on 42,000
servers (or 1200 racks) in four different data centers. The largest current
cluster is 4000 nodes, and will increase to 10,000 when Hadoop 2.0 is released.
Mostly, Yahoo! uses the platform to block email spam, and to store user data to
provide personalized experiences to its visitors based on their previous visits.
It also uses Hadoop to provide demographic data to advertisers that allows them
to adjust their ads so that they appeal to the widest possible audience,
leading to an improved ROI (in theory).
With a comprehensive collection of
personalized data on every single one of its users and their online actions,
StumbleUpon, by its very nature, breeds big data. Because of this, it has
turned to Hadoop to make sense of all of that information, largely through the
use of HBase, an open-source distributed database that runs on Hadoop.
Using HBase allows StumbleUpon to manage
all of its user signals, such as every thumb-up, stumble, and sha |
Click Here for a video on the Saguaro Cactus
Crash landed on Earth, an alien stepped out onto an arid, rocky bajada and found himself dwarfed by gigantic, grotesque, green figures with arms reaching toward the | Click Here for a video on the Saguaro Cactus
Crash landed on Earth, an alien stepped out onto an arid, rocky bajada and found himself dwarfed by gigantic, grotesque, green figures with arms reaching toward the sky. Feeling at home in this weird landscape, he approached one fiercely armored mammoth, which he estimated to be 35 feet tall and weighing several tons. "Where am I on your planet?" he questioned the giant. The strange green figure remained silent.
Where was the alien? By the distinctive characteristics of the peculiar human-like plant, he could have only been in the Sonoran Desert. His geographical location could be pinpointed to be either in extreme southeastern California near the Colorado River, southern and western Arizona or south of the border in northwestern Mexico. These are the only places on earth where the Saguaro cactus -- grand symbol of the Sonoran Desert, the West and arguably the United States -- grows.
The word Saguaro, pronounced, "Sah-wah'-ro," came from a Spanish mispronunciation of an ancient Papago word referring only to this species of plant. Its scientific name, Carnegiea gigantea, was given as a tribute to philanthropist and patron of science, Andrew Carnegie.
If the stately 20-to 50-foot Saguaro could have talked to the alien, it would have had tales of the Old West to tell. Some have been around since Teddy Roosevelt became President in 1901. A few still living today were tiny young upstarts, perhaps growing under the shelter of a Paloverde tree, when Thomas Jefferson was elected President in 1801.
As big as this cactus grows, it is not the largest in the world. The Saguaro is one of about 50 kinds of tree-form cactus found in the world's deserts. Some Mexican and South American species are taller and weigh considerably more.
If you want to know whether a Saguaro is full or thirsty, you can tell by its vertical pleats. Talk about water retention! The outer pulp can expand like an accordion, plumping without splitting, so the fleshy tissue can absorb a great quantity of water, sometimes increasing its weight up to 2,000 pounds. This turgid cactus would collapse without its interior framework of woody, tissue-like, bamboo fishing rods arranged parallel to form a cylinder shape. This lightweight framework of ribs around the thick, whitish pith is surrounded by fleshy tissue.
When the pleats are more deeply shadowed, more defined, drought has shaped the cactus. The plant can lose up to 82 percent of its moisture before it dies of dehydration. In times of little rain, shallow roots near the soil's surface can capture the moisture of even the lightest rainfall.
The downward-pointing spines, "drip tips," also help by directing rainwater toward the base of the plant. These clusters of spines also play a role in cooling the outer skin; they help deflect wind and provide insulation from freezing as well.
Conserving water loss is essential to the survival of the Saguaro. When the sun beats unmercifully on its waxy, watertight, outer surfaces, microscopic pores close. At night, when temperatures are lower, the pores open, allowing entry of carbon dioxide, necessary for photosynthesis and the manufacture of carbohydrates.
The Saguaro can grow only in narrow environmental niches within the Sonoran Desert, usually below elevations of 3,500 feet. Freezing temperatures and frosts can kill or damage the delicate plant. Wild arms and drooping limbs may indicate that a particular plant survived a bitter winter.
These distinctive human-like arms begin to grow only in middle age, about 75 years, after achieving a height of 14 to 16 feet. The oldest, with dozens or more branches, have marked the passage of many years.
Home on the Range
Another feature of the Saguaro, the many holes on its body makes one wonder if the Gila Woodpeckers inflict much damage as they hammer into the tissues used to store water. Often, these meticulous birds drill 2 or 3 holes before they are satisfied. But the plant quickly minimizes damage by sealing off the wound with callous scar tissue to stop water loss.
Another guest of the Saguaro, the Gilded Flicker, is not always so benign. Flicker nests have been found in about 20 percent of all dead Saguaro. Sometimes while pecking, they can break the internal framework at the joint of an arm, leaving it vulnerable in windstorms to loss of the limb.
After the woodpeckers leave, welcoming hollows remain, where other birds nest and raise their young. Inside, where it is cooler by day and warmer at night, one might see the yellow eyes of a small Screech Owl; a pair may occupy the same nesting place for 7 or more years.
Shiny-winged Purple Martins and colorful House Finches will also call t |
Run Rigs at Clachtoll, Scotland
October 21, 2013
At Clachtoll on Sutherland’s west coast in the far north of Scotland the remains of run rigs, a form of “lazy beds” are still | Run Rigs at Clachtoll, Scotland
October 21, 2013
At Clachtoll on Sutherland’s west coast in the far north of Scotland the remains of run rigs, a form of “lazy beds” are still visible in the landscape after many decades of disuse. The Highlands and Islands of northern Scotland have very thin poor soil that’s difficult to cultivate, due to extensive glaciation during the last ice age. To make it easier to grow subsistence crops such as potatoes, the nutrient-poor peat soil was piled into ridges or “rigs” with deep furrows or “runs” in between for aided drainage. Seaweed or manure was also added as fertilizer to provide nitrogen and increased the height of the rigs, to around 18 inches (45cm). Improving the drainage also makes the soil warmer and the ridges are less prone to frost as cold air sinks into the furrows. Both factors aid crop growth and increase yield.
The rocky ground here is difficult to cultivate and the people mostly preferred to live in glens that are sheltered from the Atlantic storms and more suited to agriculture. During the Highland Clearances in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, land owners forced the tenant farmers or crofters off this productive land and onto the much less suitable coastal strip, to make way for sheep.
In 1993 the crofters of the Assynt area that includes Clachtoll succeeded in the first community buy-out, making them the first crofters to own the land they farmed. Since then several other communities have similarly raised funds to buy their land. In this part of Scotland the run rig method of cultivation was used throughout the 19th century and, in some areas, into the 20th. Similar forms including lazy beds mentioned above were common throughout Britain and in Ireland and their distinctive marks can still be seen in the landscape, sometimes dating back as early as Roman times. They often show up in winter when the leafy vegetation has died off and can suddenly appear on a hillside after a dusting of snow. Photo taken on September 9, 2013.
Photo details: Camera Model: PENTAX K-5; Focal Length: 18.0mm (35mm equivalent: 27mm); Aperture: f/11.0; Exposure Time: 0.010 s (1/100); ISO equiv: 100. |
Overview | Battle in Shanghai | Invasion of Nanking
In 1928 Nanking became China’s capital and by the mid-1930s the population had grown from 250,000 to over a million Chinese. This population increase was mainly | Overview | Battle in Shanghai | Invasion of Nanking
In 1928 Nanking became China’s capital and by the mid-1930s the population had grown from 250,000 to over a million Chinese. This population increase was mainly due to Japanese occupation in 1931 which caused thousands of refugees to flee to Nanking and other Chinese cities. On November 11, 1937, after Shanghai was under Japanese control, Japanese armies advanced towards Nanking. By early December, Japanese troops were entering the city of Nanking.
On December 9, after the Japanese army failed to get Chinese soldiers to surrender, Japanese launched missile attacks on the city. The Chinese defense retreated to the other side of the Yangtze River. The Japanese entered Nanking from several different directions; 6th and 116th Japanese divisions entered directly into the city, while the 9th entered the Guang Hua Gate, the 16th Division entered the Zhong Shan Gate and the Tai Ping Gate. On December 13, 1937, Nanking fell under the Japanese army and for the next six weeks the city suffered the painful atrocities known as the Rage of Nanking.
"Basic facts on the Nanjing Massacre and the Tokyo War Crimes Trial." Japanese Army's Atrocities. 1993.New Jersey Hong Kong Network. 10 Jul 2007
Zhang, "History." Nanking Massacre 1937. 2000. 17 Jul 2007 |
It can be morbid to think about, but in the event of a disaster most households only have enough food for two to three days of survival. Remember, in the event of a real disaster, there is no electricity and all the food in | It can be morbid to think about, but in the event of a disaster most households only have enough food for two to three days of survival. Remember, in the event of a real disaster, there is no electricity and all the food in your fridge will go bad very quickly. If faced with that prospect, could you live off the food in your pantry for a day? 3 days? A week? In addition, do you have water to sustain you in case you are cut off from a fresh, clean supply? These are questions you need to start thinking about as you begin to prepare a food-storage plan in case of a disaster.
Trying to fill your basement or attic with enough food and water to sustain your for a month can seem like a big project—not to mention expensive—but if you can break down your needs into small chunks you can attack it little by little, each week, until you have the supplies you need. To make it easier, here are 10 major areas that you need to concentrate on to pre |
Electric cars are often lauded as being kind to the environment, but there is a darker, more environmentally harmful side to the creation of these greener-than-thou vehicles, scientists say.
Researchers at Newcastle University have suggested the motors used in cars | Electric cars are often lauded as being kind to the environment, but there is a darker, more environmentally harmful side to the creation of these greener-than-thou vehicles, scientists say.
Researchers at Newcastle University have suggested the motors used in cars such as the Mitsubishi iMiev and Nissan Leaf are built using rare-earth metals, the mining of which is incredibly destructive to the environment.
To overcome this issue, a team of UK engineers has been assembled to help develop a new motor for electric cars that will significantly reduce dependency on the costly minerals.
James Widmer, of Newcastle University's Centre for Advanced Electrical Drives, explained, "The pressure on supplies of rare-earth metals coupled with rising demand for this technology means the pressure is on to find an alternative."
He has a point. Rare-earth materials such as dysprosium and neodymium are primarily sourced from China. It has been reported that, in many cases, criminal gangs gather the topsoil from a piece of land, move it into large dirt pits and filter the metals using acid washes that separate metals from the soil. The remaining soil is heavily contaminated and heavy rains can wash the acid residue downstream to farmlands and rivers, polluting everything in its path.
Putting an end to these destructive practices is crucial if electric cars can be considered a truly green alternative to their fossil-fuelled counterparts, which is why Widmer and his team are looking into replacing rare-earth metals with steel, which is not only less damaging to the environment, but is also cheaper and more widely available.
So far, the team has attracted £518,000 in government funding to develop a low-cost, high-volume electric motor that uses zero rare-earth materials. Project leaders say the motor should be ready for volume production by 2016. |
All Theory of Computation Titles
Computational models can be found everywhere in present day science and engineering. In providing a logical framework and foundation for the specification and design of specification languages, the author uses this framework to study computable models.
Many | All Theory of Computation Titles
Computational models can be found everywhere in present day science and engineering. In providing a logical framework and foundation for the specification and design of specification languages, the author uses this framework to study computable models.
Many Computation Engineering textbooks emphasize automata theory only, not logic, losing a the opportunity to tie these subjects together and reinforce learning. This textbook ties theory and logic together, using interactive tools, such as simple BDD and SAT tools. By providing a blend of theory and practical applications the material is presented as both inviting and current. Key concepts are illustrated in multiple domains so that information is reinforced and students can begin to tie theory and logic together. |
mummy used as medicine
We may have often heard the term mummy. The word'mummy' is
used to portray abody of biscuits, hair, nails are still preserved even though hundreds or eventhousands
of old epidemic | mummy used as medicine
We may have often heard the term mummy. The word'mummy' is
used to portray abody of biscuits, hair, nails are still preserved even though hundreds or eventhousands
of old epidemic. Mummies can be formed by accident (naturalmummification) or was deliberately made with a
variety of ways, and not just in ancient Egypt, but also throughout the world,
ranging from South America toAustralia, China, and the Canary Islands.
Many reviews are interesting about the mummy, one of them is the fact that
themummy was never'selling' mebuat used as raw material medicines, paints, andfertilizers. As
happened with the population Guanche mummies, from thousands ofmummies were found only the
remaining 20, due partly destroyed by the Spanishinvaders of the 1400s. The rest were sent to Europe, the
1500's to be used as medicine. The same thing happens to mummies from ancient
Egypt, powderedmummy believed to cure various diseases, so it is said even though it feels very
uncomfortable, sick people still drink it. |
No American poet ever filled out the part quite like Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. One glance at the Moses-like profile on the jacket of the new Library of America edition of his selected poems and prose confirms as much, a silver-hued | No American poet ever filled out the part quite like Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. One glance at the Moses-like profile on the jacket of the new Library of America edition of his selected poems and prose confirms as much, a silver-hued photograph taken late in his life that makes it appear as if the domed brow and furling beard were already sculpted in marble. The stately cadence of his name alone reverberates with gravitas: trochee, trochee, dactyl, a name that all but demands to be chiseled on the base of a bust or high on the portico of a classical-revival library. And so it has been, time and again, even as his once-monumental repute has gradually eroded since his death in 1882.
Was he a great poet? He was certainly a grand poet, and in the public mind the grandest of his day and age. No American poet of any era, it's safe to say, has been both as awesomely prolific and prodigiously popular. If Walt Whitman, his younger contemporary by a dozen years, is enshrined as the founding father of modern American poetry, Longfellow deserves no less than to be remembered as the native bard who gave mythic dimension to the country's historical imagination, a national poet of epic sweep and solemn feeling who came along right at the moment when the emerging nation had the most need for one. The forest primeval, the village smithy under the spreading chestnut tree, the midnight ride of Paul Revere, the Indian princeling Hiawatha in his birch canoe -- such were the iconic images Longfellow forged out of the American collective consciousness in volume after lionized volume. The enduring artistry of his ceremonious and at times overly starchy verse can be debated, but not the potency of its ennobling sentiments or the resounding strains it struck from what Lincoln famously invoked as "the mystic chords of memory."
Longfellow was born in Portland, Maine, in 1807, and educated at Bowdoin College, where one of his classmates was Nathaniel Hawthorne. A gifted linguist, he was appointed to a chair at Harvard as a professor of modern languages before he was thirty. By 1857, when The Atlantic Monthly was founded under the editorship of James Russell Lowell, Longfellow was in the prime of his writing life and incontestably the most celebrated poet in the land. His verse narrative The Song of Hiawatha (1855) had sold 50,000 copies; its successor, The Courtship of Miles Standish, racked up 10,000 purchases on its first day in London when it appeared in 1858. This popular success, combined with a nearly unstinting critical acclaim (one notable dissenting voice belonged to Edgar Allan Poe, who years earlier had savaged Longfellow's Ballads and Other Poems in a review, fuming that its author's "conception of the aim of poetry is all wrong") won for Longfellow an audience and eminence in the nineteenth century that even such beloved American poets as Frost and Sandburg were not to rival in later generations.
Beginning with "Santa Filomena," which ran in the first number of The Atlantic in November, 1857, Longfellow published more than fifty poems in the magazine over the last twenty-five years of his life, including the well-known anthology pieces "Paul Revere's Ride" (which is actually a section of the long poem Tales of a Wayside Inn) and "The Children's Hour." With the publication last month of the Library of America edition, ably edited by the poet and critic J. D. McClatchy, it seems fitting to offer a selection of Longfellow's verse culled from The Atlantic Monthly's archives. We've also posted two appreciations of Longfellow's work that originally appeared in our pages: "Aftermath," by William Dean Howells (November 1873) and "The Ce |
One patient’s rash
In January of this year, a string of unusual patients began to trickle into dermatologist’s offices in Rochester, NY. They had red rashes on areas where they had recently had tattoos, and the usual treatments were not | One patient’s rash
In January of this year, a string of unusual patients began to trickle into dermatologist’s offices in Rochester, NY. They had red rashes on areas where they had recently had tattoos, and the usual treatments were not working.
The cases, 19 in all, were reported to the local department of public health. A team there learned that all the patients had developed the rash, which turned out to be a bacterial infection, within three weeks of getting a tattoo at a particular parlor. When they interviewed the tattoo artist, they learned that he had recently begun to use a new kind of grey ink. Such ink is often used to create shadow effects, and indeed, the patients’ rashes tended to be on the areas where the grey ink had been injected into their skin. |
Suffering from pain in the lower back can be very debilitating to a patient. But trying to find out the exact cause of this pain can be very difficult. This is as a result of the complex muscular skeletal system. It may be the | Suffering from pain in the lower back can be very debilitating to a patient. But trying to find out the exact cause of this pain can be very difficult. This is as a result of the complex muscular skeletal system. It may be the cause of the pain is muscular and this could be as a result of a muscle having been pulled or spasms in the back. Or lower back pain may be due to injuries to the pelvis and hip or it could be that the spine is out of alignment and the nerves are being compressed. There can be many causes of lower back pain. One reason is connected to bad posture over a period of time and this is a very common cause of back pain, particularly in the area of the lower back.
Lower back pain may be an indication in certain cases that there is a problem with the internal organs, particularly the kidneys. Lower back pain is one of the common kidney infection symptoms.
The kidneys are two organs that are about the size of a small fist that are essential in removing the waste in the blood. The kidneys are used as a filter to keep the blood healthy and if the kidneys are not operating as they should this is when a build up of waste develops.
The pain being experienced can be caused by a mild kidney infection, the presence of kidney stones and in the worst case scenario acute renal failure. Kidney problems and kidney infection symptoms can be associated with lower back pain and this is because the kidneys are located on each side of the spine.
To cause even more confusion and complications the pain that is produced by kidney infection symptoms can spread into the hip area and also the area of the groin.
To determine whether the pain is as a result of a kidney infection your doctor will probably request that you carry out a urine test in the first instance. They will also determine whether you are experiencing other symptoms along with the pain you are experiencing in the lower back area. Kidney infection symptoms can include urinating frequently, appearance of blood in the urine, unpleasant smell in the urine and a cloudy appearance of the urine. Other indications of kidney infection symptoms are having a very high temperature and possibly experiencing fever as well as experiencing an upset stomach.
If you have suffered from a kidney infection you will be aware of how painful it can be. In order to reduce the chances of a kidney infection developing drink lots of water and if you are not too keen on the taste or lack of taste of water put a slice of lemon or lime in it. And if you can when you are out and about carry a bottle of water with you so you can always have a drink.
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Continuing its effort to override President Bush's veto,
Congress wants to expand income eligibility for the State
Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) into the middle class,
even though the program was designed to provide health coverage to
low-income | Continuing its effort to override President Bush's veto,
Congress wants to expand income eligibility for the State
Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) into the middle class,
even though the program was designed to provide health coverage to
low-income children. That approach would end existing private
health insurance coverage for millions of children--more so as
eligibility is ratcheted up the income scale.
Overlooked in the current debate over SCHIP expansion is the
impact it would have on the quality of children's health care,
particularly among families who already have superior private
insurance coverage. Expanding SCHIP is not the same as improving
health care for America's children. In fact, SCHIP has not
performed well in terms of stable coverage, access to primary care
and preventive services, and the quality of care.
The Role of Medicaid
SCHIP was created in 1997 with the intention of providing health
insurance coverage for uninsured children in low-income families
who earned too much to qualify for Medicaid. States are given a
fairly wide degree of programmatic flexibility in deciding how
SCHIP works within their borders. Under current law, they can
expand existing Medicaid programs, set up a separate SCHIP plan, or
use a combination of the two. Nine states, plus the District of
Columbia, currently have a Medicaid expansion; 18 have a separate
plan; and 23 states have a combination of the two.
While such programmatic flexibility allows state officials to
craft particular solutions for their individual problems, it also
makes program evaluation more difficult. Although estimates of
state-level SCHIP data can be gleaned from single-state reports or
multi-state comparisons, these estimates are difficult to compare,
because programs differ substantially from state to state in terms
of eligibility levels, premiums, renewal processes, and other
Quality of Care Under SCHIP
Despite the empirical limitations described above, the available
evidence shows that SCHIP has not performed well in terms of
providing high-quality care. For example:
- Lack of Continuity in Coverage and Care. Studies that
have attempted to evaluate the coverage offered by SCHIP programs
largely rely on information from current beneficiaries. Although
millions of American children have health insurance through public,
government-sponsored programs, some 4.4 million children who are
eligible for Medicaid and an additional 1.7 million who are
eligible for SCHIP remain uninsured, indicating the inability of
the state programs to sign up all eligible children. In
fact, Medicaid-eligible children account for more than half of all
uninsured children in the United States.
While much is made of the well-documented instability of
employment-based coverage, the instability of public coverage is
often ignored. Children enrolled in SCHIP and Medicaid, for
example, often do not stay enrolled. According to a recent analysis
in Health Affairs, a prominent journal of health policy,
one-third of all uninsured children in 2006 had been enrolled in
Medicaid and SCHIP in 2005; and among those uninsured who were
eligible for government coverage in 2006, "at least 42 percent had
been enrolled in Medicaid or SCHIP the previous year."
A relatively high proportion of SCHIP enrollees drop out of the
program, disrupting their health care and adding to the
administrative burden of other health care systems, including
clinics and hospital emergency rooms. A comparative study of SCHIP
in Kansas, Oregon, New York, and Florida, for example, found
unenrollment rates of roughly 20 percent within a year of
enrollment. Another st |
The purpose of the RESIDENT clause is to promise that data accessed by a computation are mapped to active processors. That is, RESIDENT asserts that certain references (or all references) in its scope are stored on the active processor set. The compiler | The purpose of the RESIDENT clause is to promise that data accessed by a computation are mapped to active processors. That is, RESIDENT asserts that certain references (or all references) in its scope are stored on the active processor set. The compiler can use this information to avoid generating communication or to simplify array address calculations. Note that whether a given data element is resident depends on two facts:
H910 resident-clause is RESIDENT resident-stuff H911 resident-stuff is [ ( res-object-list ) ] H912 resident-directive is RESIDENT resident-stuff H913 resident-construct is directive-origin block-resident-directive
directive-origin end-resident-directive H914 block-resident-directive is RESIDENT resident-stuff BEGIN H915 end-resident-directive is END RESIDENT H915 res-object is object
A resident-directive is a kind of executable-directive. Similarly, a resident-construct is a kind of executable-construct.
Any top-level objects in the RESIDENT clause must be explicitly mapped. Similarly, the RESIDENT clause must appear at a point in the program with a declared active processor set (i.e., inside an ON block). Otherwise, the assertion (see below) is a statement about how the compiler works, not about the program.
The RESIDENT directive is an assertion to the compiler that certain object references made within the ON are stored on the active processors if the computation is performed by the specified active processor set. The scope of the assertion is the next Fortran statement if the resident-directive form is used and the enclosed block of code if the resident-construct form is used. If RESIDENT appears as a clause in an ON directive, then the ON and RESIDENT apply to the same statements.
RESIDENT(var) means the lexical expression var, when encountered in the execution of statements in t |
That's Not Cool
Developed by Futures Without Violence (formerly Family Violence Prevention Fund) in partnership with the Department of Justice’s Office on Violence Against Women and the Advertising Council, That’s Not Cool is a national public education campaign to prevent teen | That's Not Cool
Developed by Futures Without Violence (formerly Family Violence Prevention Fund) in partnership with the Department of Justice’s Office on Violence Against Women and the Advertising Council, That’s Not Cool is a national public education campaign to prevent teen dating abuse. That’s Not Cool uses digital examples of controlling behavior online and by cell phone to encourage teens to draw their own line about what is, or is not, acceptable relationship behavior.
Visit the campaign website, www.thatsnotcool.com.
About Digital Dating Abuse
For today’s teens, digital technology is an extension of their everyday lives and their intimate relationships. However, these new digital technologies have created a landscape in which personal boundaries and ways to promote safety are far from clear. Digital abuse is a growing form of abuse, particularly among teens, which can include unwanted, repeated calls or text messages, privacy violations such as breaking into email or social networking accounts, and pressure to send nude or private pictures or videos.
For statistics on teen dating abuse and digital abuse, please see our Get the Facts section.
About the Campaign
This comprehensive public service advertising (PSA) campaign, created pro bono by R/GA, includes an interactive website, mobile component, television, radio, print, outdoor posters in schools and malls, and Web ads. The PSAs direct audiences to visit, www.ThatsNotCool.com, where teens can find tools to “draw their own digital line” and a forum to discuss relationships and seek help.
That’s Not Cool is building a community of teens, both online and offline. Among many venues, the campaign collaborates with teens on Facebook, and at skate parks, street festivals, school assemblies, and Vans Warped Tour rock concerts across the country. That’s Not Cool provides essential information on dating and digital issues and inspires teens to take action to prevent teen dating abuse in their own communities.
Bring That’s Not Cool to Your Community
That’s Not Cool has a Campaign Tools Website for teens, violence prevention advocates, youth mentors, and other community leaders to bring That’s Not Cool to local communities. Anyone can visit the Campaign Tools Website for free and immediate access to campaign materials, research, and instructional documents.
Work with your local media station to feature teen dating abuse prevention messages. Share clever flyers at your community health fair. Print posters for your school hallways. Use our digital dating abuse scripts with a student theater group. Download video files and lesson plans to use in classrooms. We encourage you to organize teens in your community to lead their own That’s Not Cool activity! Visit the Campaign Tools Website for more ideas and materials.
To create an account and explore ways to bring That’s Not Cool to your community, visit www.thatsnotcool.com/tools.
Explore the campaign website: www.thatsnotcool.com.
“Like” That’s Not Cool on Facebook: www.facebook.com/ThatsNotCool
Use Campaign Tools: www.thatsnotcool.com/tools
Read the Press Release. |
The humidex (short for "humidity index") is an index number used by Canadian meteorologists to describe how hot the weather feels to the average person, by combining the effect of heat and humidity. The humidex is a unit-less number based | The humidex (short for "humidity index") is an index number used by Canadian meteorologists to describe how hot the weather feels to the average person, by combining the effect of heat and humidity. The humidex is a unit-less number based on the dew point, but it is equivalent to dry temperature in degrees Celsius. For example, if the temperature is 30 °C (86 °F), and the calculated humidex is 40, then it indicates the humid heat feels approximately like a dry temperature of 40 °C (104 °F).
According to the Meteorological Service of Canada, a humidex of at least 30 causes "some discomfort", at least 40 causes "great discomfort" and above 45 is "dangerous". When the humidex hits 54, heat stroke is imminent.
The current formula for determining the humidex was developed by J.M. Masterton and F.A. Richardson of Canada's Atmospheric Environment Service in 1979. Humidex differs from the heat index used in the United States in being derived from the dew point rather than the relative humidity.
The record humidex in Canada occurred on July 14, 1961, when Castlegar, British Columbia recorded a humidex of 53.4. This value was almost beaten on July 25, 2007 when Carman, Manitoba hit 53.0.
The humidex computation formula
When the temperature is 30 °C (86 °F) and the dew point is 15 °C (59 °F), the humidex is 34 (note that humidex is a dimensionless number, but that the number indicates an approximate temperature in °C). If the temperature remains 30 °C and the dew point rises to 25 °C (77 °F), the humidex rises to 42. The humidex is higher than the U.S. heat index at equal temperature and relative humidity.
The humidex formula is as follows:
The humidity adjustment effectively amounts to one Fahrenheit degree for every millibar by which the partial pressure of water in the atmosphere exceeds 10 millibars.
- Humidex on Environment Canada web site
- Wind Chill and Humidex Criticism about the use of Wind chill and humidex
- More Humidex info |
Warming May Bring More ‘Black Swan’ Storm Surges
Hurricane Sandy offered a grim reminder of how vulnerable coastal cities, such as New York, are in the face of rare, powerful storms. As sea levels rise in response to global | Warming May Bring More ‘Black Swan’ Storm Surges
Hurricane Sandy offered a grim reminder of how vulnerable coastal cities, such as New York, are in the face of rare, powerful storms. As sea levels rise in response to global warming, this vulnerability is likely to increase, leaving officials across the U.S. and around the world to grapple with increasingly urgent questions regarding how to adapt in a rapidly changing world.
But while Sandy was a devastating event, with high winds and, more important, its massive storm surge causing at least $100 billion in damage and killing 125 people in the U.S., its destructive power did not greatly exceed other storms in New York City’s history. In fact, New York’s meteorological history is replete with costly encounters with hurricanes and nor’easters.
The Verrazano Bridge in Brooklyn as Hurricane Sandy approached on Oct. 29, 2012. Credit: Carlos Ayala.
In other words, Sandy was not a true “black swan” event — one that cannot reasonably be anticipated based solely on historical records. Such is the conclusion of meteorologist Kerry Emanuel of MIT and civil engineering professor Ning Lin of Princeton University, whose work on “black swan tropical cyclones” was presented at the annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco on Dec. 4.
In a warming world, however, the researchers found that black swan storm surges associated with tropical cyclones may become more likely. They’d still be very low probability events, but they would have very high impacts. This finding suggests that coastal residen |
Drought gripped swathes of England at the beginning of the year as the country basked in an unusually warm, dry March, but the sunshine gave way to the wettest summer for a hundred years, hitting crops, tourism and wildlife | Drought gripped swathes of England at the beginning of the year as the country basked in an unusually warm, dry March, but the sunshine gave way to the wettest summer for a hundred years, hitting crops, tourism and wildlife.
The chaotic weather, which brought first hosepipe bans and then floods and storms to the UK, caused problems for a large number of species, although some managed to thrive, particularly in areas less badly hit by adverse conditions.
The National Trust's conservation adviser, Matthew Oates, said: ''It's an incredibly polarised year in terms of winners and losers. Things fell into two camps, they either did spectacularly well or incredibly badly.
''What we get with really difficult, wet summers, is a general picture of doom and gloom and a surprising amount of highly localised successes among the general picture.''
But the losers outweigh the winners, he said.
The big winners were slugs, including a giant Spanish super slug which was reported to be invading gardens, in the cold, damp weather.
And orchids have had a fantastic year across the country, with bee orchids doing particularly well and more than 10,000 pyramidal orchids flowering at Sharpenhoe Clappers in the North Chilterns. It was also a very strong year for grass growth.
But much of the UK's wildlife has found the going tough, as have rural industries, farming, tourism and recreation including wildlife watching, with mammals, birds and bees all struggling to cope with the wet conditions.
There have been some surprising localised success stories, including terns at Blakeney Point, Norfolk, which had a bumper breeding year, while their fellow populations at Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland, failed to breed at all.
And chalkhill blue butterflies had an extremely good year in some spots.
Overall, though, it was a bad year for insects, with knock-on impacts for fruit and crops which they pollinate.
Mr Oates said: ''The big losers were bees and butterflies and other insects. How many people got stung by a wasp in 2012? There were hardly any wasps anywhere until very late on.''
One site in Wiltshire which he has surveyed over eight years for purple hairstreak butterfly eggs, where he has found between 79 and 32, with an average of 42, this year had none.
The legacy of 2012's poor summer weather could be serious for some species, he said.
Mammals also struggled in the wet conditions, with bats particularly hard hit.
Despite the prevalence of slugs, underfed hedgehogs are now flooding into rescue centres, possibly because they did not have the opportunity to feed sufficiently in the wet conditions or used up too much energy keeping warm.
Dormice had a poor breeding season and water vole holes were washed away in heavy flooding in much of the country.
Apart from some success stories, it was not a good breeding year for birds, with many nests being abandoned as a result of bad weather and a lack of food, while storms and floods destroyed nests for cliff-nesting birds and riverbank species.
Mr Oates added: ''There's a lot to recover from, but these powers of recovery can be immense. In nature there's always hope, and we need some good weather (in 2013) to realise that hope.'' |
3g is an acronym signifying third-generation mobile phone technology. Based upon higher network bandwidth than the first 2g digital cellular phones, 3g-capable telephones and networks will support video calls, high speed WWW access, multimedia sharing | 3g is an acronym signifying third-generation mobile phone technology. Based upon higher network bandwidth than the first 2g digital cellular phones, 3g-capable telephones and networks will support video calls, high speed WWW access, multimedia sharing, and instant messaging applications. Enhanced network features include TV or live video streaming, online gaming, and GPS-style location services. Additionally, standard voice calls over a 3g network are clearer, faster-connecting, and less battery-draining than 2g and analogue cellular networks. All 3g-enabled telephones are backwards compatible with 2g network technology, and 3g networks are required to support voice and SMS service to 2g phones. Thus, current 2g handset owners will not be forced to upgrade their phones, and 3g phone owners who enter 2g coverage zones will still have voice reception.
3g telephone networks support both circuit-switch and packet-switch data transfer, similar to GPRS networks. Regular voice calls, video calls and SMS text messaging are CS based and are backwards compatible with 2g handsets and networks. Internet access and other high-bandwidth applications are PS based, with the application layer separate from the data transfer protocol layer. Thus, the underlying network does not need to know what type of data is being transmitted, and in standard 3g implementations there is no application priority. However, 3g provides may monitor, filter, and prioritize selected packets, thus increasing bandwidth for media streams and restricting services such as VOIP and P2P.
Although 3g technology offers cost benefits for both consumers and providers alike, the high initial costs of deploying such systems has hampered the spread of 3g implementation. In some areas, existing infrastructure such as antennae and computer networks must be completely replaced. State licensing fees for additional broadcast frequencies add another, non-technical expense to 3g adoption in many countries. Japanese state sponsorship has removed the financial barriers to 3g implementation by lowering licensing fees and subsidising equipment renovation. Thus, Japan was the first country to see 3g networks deployed across her cites.
Acronyms Hardware Technology Terminology Questions |
ntelligence quotient alone is not enough to serve as the foundation for all-round happiness. Indeed, psychologists have firmly established that neither does IQ alone account for one's life success. Research data in this area is so strong that it is now empirically | ntelligence quotient alone is not enough to serve as the foundation for all-round happiness. Indeed, psychologists have firmly established that neither does IQ alone account for one's life success. Research data in this area is so strong that it is now empirically accepted that cognitive development should no longer be the singular aim of schools.
Social skills favoured
The evidence for this was found through a study conducted by Gregory Feist and Frank Barron among 80 PhD (science) students who experienced a battery of personality tests, IQ tests and interviews in the 1950s at University of California, Berkeley.
When the test subjects were revisited 40 years later and assessed for success through their resumes, evaluation by experts in their own fields, and listing in the American Men and Women of Science, it was found that social-emotional intelligence were four times more important than IQ in determining professional success among these individuals.
A meta-analysis of data from various research across cultures also reveals that IQ scores (which are believed to significantly correlate with school grades) account for as little as 4 percent and as high as 25 percent variance for success in job performance.
What researchers have consistently found is that while IQ scores and school grades could get people into universities and good jobs, whether individuals succeed or fail thereafter is significantly determined by their abilities to, as Daniel Goleman puts it, ''sense, understand, value and effectively apply the power and insight of emotions as a source of human energy, information, trust, creativity and influence''.
Go along to get along
As such, individuals who are able to handle frustration, control emotion and get along well with other people are invariably more successful, get and keep good jobs, are given promotions and live happier, fulfilling lives.
Although success is tangibly measured and used to guide decisions about people's potential, the fact remains that we live in a social environment that is dynamic and not always confined to measurable outcomes. Hence, people who truly succeed in the long run are those who acknowledge that there is more to success than IQ and academic grades.
Awareness in this direction will enable individuals to recognise the importance of spending time reflecting on oneself, learning to control one's impulses, keeping issues in a proper perspective, valuing intrinsic over extrinsic motivation, nurturing relationships and empathising with others.
Back to basics
It is time that schools take these research findings seriously and include the emotional aspects of learning more rigorously in mainstream curricula. This was the case in ancient schooling systems, regardless of how primitive they were _ founded on the belief that focusing on developing strong emotional intelligence is the prerequisite to producing clever individuals.
This is unlike our education system that aims at making students clever and leaving emotional development to chance and natural causes, such as age and experience.
To |
diesel and AdBlue fillers in Audi Q7 TDIEnlarge Photo
While ethanol in gasoline remains a point of contention among automakers, ethanol producers, and the Congressman who love them, renewable diesel fuel seems to be moving quietly forward.
| diesel and AdBlue fillers in Audi Q7 TDIEnlarge Photo
While ethanol in gasoline remains a point of contention among automakers, ethanol producers, and the Congressman who love them, renewable diesel fuel seems to be moving quietly forward.
Late last month, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency certified an ultra-low-sulfur diesel blend containing 35 percent diesel fuel manufactured from bioorganisms, the highest percentage ever certified by the agency.
diesel badge on 2011 Porsche Cayenne (euro spec)Enlarge Photo
The producer, Amyris, had to submit reams of data, test results, and other documentation to prove that diesel engines on the road today would not be damaged by the blend.
Because renewable diesels may have different viscosity characteristics than conventional petroleum diesel, the can change the flow properties of blended fuels. So far, most diesel makers selling vehicles in the U.S. warrant their vehicles only for 10 percent diesel (B10) or 20 percent (B20) blends.
Those addtional information included, "fuel property data, third-party testing, engine testing conducted by major diesel engine OEMs and highway validation tests," according to the company. It tested the fuel in a variety of vehicles, including passenger cars and both medium-duty and heavy-duty vehicles.
Semi trailerEnlarge Photo
In April, Amyris received a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy to produce the fuel that would allow it to carry out some of its research.
The company uses genertically modified microorganisms that produce defined molecules--in this case synthetic diesel fuel--for use as both fuels and renewable chemicals.
Among other news in renewable diesel fuels, Audi recently completed a 1,000 journey entirely running on synthetic diesel created using natural gas as a feedstock.
Technically, the Amyris fuel is not a "biodiesel," which is defined as a blend of lipids (from vegetable oil or animal fat) and alcohol. In the U.S., the general definition says it is domestically derived from renewable oils. There's also a technical definition, as there are for both gasoline and low-sulfur diesel fuel. |
The following chemicals to be used in the preparation of materials are known or suspected carcinogens:
The following chemicals are known to be toxic in small amounts:
ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE TO BE DISPOSED IN MARKED WASTE CONTAINERS!! | The following chemicals to be used in the preparation of materials are known or suspected carcinogens:
The following chemicals are known to be toxic in small amounts:
ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE TO BE DISPOSED IN MARKED WASTE CONTAINERS!! |
County Meath (; or simply ) is a county in Ireland. It is part of the Mid-East Region and is also located in the province of Leinster. It is named after the ancient Kingdom of Mide (meaning "middle"). Me | County Meath (; or simply ) is a county in Ireland. It is part of the Mid-East Region and is also located in the province of Leinster. It is named after the ancient Kingdom of Mide (meaning "middle"). Meath County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county is 184,135 according to the 2011 census.
The county is colloquially known by the nickname "The Royal County" due to its history as the seat of the High King of Ireland. It formed from the eastern part of the former Kingdom of Mide (see Kings of Mide) but now forms part of Leinster. Historically, the kingdom included all of the current county, all of County Westmeath and parts of counties Cavan, Longford, Louth, Offaly, Dublin and Kildare. The seat of the High King of Ireland was at Tara. The archaeological complex of Brú na Bóinne is 5,000 years old and includes the burial sites of Newgrange, Knowth and Dowth, in the north-east of the county. It is a UNESCO designated World Heritage Site.
Geography and political subdivisions
The county is drained by the River Boyne.
Meath is the 14th largest of Ireland’s 32 counties in area and 9th largest in terms of population. It is the second largest of Leinster’s 12 counties in size and third largest in terms of population. The county town is Navan, where the county hall and government are located, although Trim, the former county town, has historical significance and remains a sitting place of the circuit court. County Meath also has the only two Gaeltacht areas in the province of Leinster, at Ráth Cairn and Baile Ghib.
There are eighteen historic baronies in the county. They include the baronies of Morgallion and Ratoath. While baronies continue to be officially defined units, they are no longer used for many administrative purposes. Their official status is illustrated by Placenames Orders made since 2003, where official Irish names of baronies are listed under "Administrative units".
Towns and villages
Local government and politics
There are 29 elected members of the local government authority - Meath Cou |
Afterschool: The Seed for STEM to Grow
Turn the Lights On for Afterschool This Week
Middle School - The Right Time to Address and Prevent Bullying
Three Rural OK Teens Win Torani Art Contest
20 A | Afterschool: The Seed for STEM to Grow
Turn the Lights On for Afterschool This Week
Middle School - The Right Time to Address and Prevent Bullying
Three Rural OK Teens Win Torani Art Contest
20 Afterschool Leaders Chosen as 'Afterschool Ambassadors'
Afterschool: The Seed for STEM to Grow
Blowing things up to learn what it means to be an engineer. Cooking with pros to learn chemistry and math. Creating a mock crime scene and using new technologies as you investigate and find the culprit.
The afterschool arena is uniquely suited for fun and engaging projects like these, which provide engaging, educational, hands-on lessons in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM), according to a new report released by the Afterschool Alliance at a Capitol Hill briefing for policy makers in September.
Afterschool programs also reach female and minority students, who often are left behind in STEM learning, with these activities. "Girls meet real-life scientists and engineers, and they realize that science is not just for geniuses. They build relationships with these adults and can see themselves in these careers," said Connie Chow, Ph.D., Executive Director of the Science Club for Girls at the congressional briefing. "The nimbleness of afterschool to quickly adopt STEM curricula makes it an ideal environment, and helps bridge the ability and confidence gap we often see in students."
In addition to Chow, the briefing featured: Fernando Laguarda, Vice President for External Affairs and Policy Counselor, Time Warner Cable; Bronwyn Bevan, Ph.D., Director, Center for Informal Learning and Schools, Exploratorium; and Anita Krishnamurthi, Ph.D., Afterschool Alliance Director of STEM Policy, who led the report. The briefing was sponsored by the House and Senate Afterschool Caucuses.
Connecting STEM Afterschool to Tomorrow's Workforce
STEM Learning in Afterschool: An Analysis of Impact and Outcomes finds that reforms in formal K-12 education are necessary to fully address widely recognized shortcomings in STEM subjects - a gap that jeopardizes United States competitiveness with more STEM-savvy countries. But, the report notes, children in the U.S. spend less than 20 percent of their waking hours in school, leaving untapped opportunities for supplemental STEM learning.
At the briefing, Bevan summarized the research being conducted in this area, noting that children's experiences outside the school day can have a tremendous influence on whether a child will stay in STEM or leave. Furthermore, researchers are showing that envisioning oneself in a STEM career early is a better predictor than grades of whether a student will pursue a STEM-related career, she said.
Laguarda explained that businesses such as Time Warner Cable care about STEM education because of the importance of STEM skills to their workforce. "We need a population that is trained, STEM-competent and STEM-literate. This is about partnerships and re-thinking how we can approach education. No one can do this alone. The private sector has a tremendous opportunity to step up."
At Time Warner Cable, employees are encouraged to think of themselves as "STEM Connectors" and to take time to mentor youth. "We have learned through our afterschool STEM work that there is a real spark and engagement when you teach kids in a compelling way that is outside of the classroom," Laguarda said. Time Warner Cable is the sponsor of Connect A Million Minds, an initiative that encourages mentoring in STEM fields.
"It's crystal-clear that a more STEM-literate citizenry and workforce are crucial to the future competitiveness of the United States," Afterschool Alliance Executive Director Jodi Grant said. "And it's equally clear that a STEM-literate workforce will be even stronger when it is more diverse. What's been less clear until now is how to get to where we need to be with STEM learning. This report lays out solid examples that demonstrate the invaluable role afterschool programs can play in moving the country forward. Afterschool programs give students the chance to build robots, explore the stars, learn how plants process sunlight and what makes airplanes and rockets fly. They have time to try, fail and try again. Much of that isn't possible during the regular school day."
Utilizing evaluations from afterschool STEM programs throughout the United States, the report identifies trends and outcomes that demonstrate the significant and specific contributions afterschool programs are making to STEM education.
Evaluating Afterschool's Contribution to STEM
The Afterschool Alliance's review of evaluations found that high-quality STEM afterschool programs yielded STEM-specific benefits in three broad categories: improved attitudes toward STEM fields and careers; increased STEM knowledge and skills; and increased likelihood of graduation and pursuing a STEM career.
In the first category - improved attitudes toward STEM fields and careers - researchers have shown th |
In 1950, the newly enacted Title 13, Section 161 [PDF], of the U.S. Code, required the U.S. Census Bureau to conduct a census of governments during years ending in "2" and "7." | In 1950, the newly enacted Title 13, Section 161 [PDF], of the U.S. Code, required the U.S. Census Bureau to conduct a census of governments during years ending in "2" and "7." Although the Census Bureau completed preparatory work, data collection was not conducted in 1952 due to a lack of funding. As a result, the 1957 Census of Governments was the first conducted under provisions of the 1950 legislation.
Currently, the census of governments consists of three phases that include data collection from state and local governments, supplemented by data from the federal government. Phase 1 of the census is a directory survey of more than 89,000 local governments. This includes extensive legal research into government structure by state, as well as a mailout/mailback survey, and produces an updated list of all local governments and selected data.
Phase 2 of the census covers all federal (civilian agencies), state and local governments and expands the census-year annual employment survey from about 10,000 to more than 89,000 local governments. It relies on consolidated submissions from more than 30 states via Internet data collection and a mailout/mailback survey.
Census operations conclude with phase 3 of the census, which covers all state and local governments and expands the annual survey of state and local government finances (for that census year) from about 14,000 to more than 89,000 state and local governments. Phase 3 uses in-house data compilations of source documents for many of the state and largest local governments, consolidated data submissions (usually electronic files) from about 55,000 local governments, Internet data collection, and a mailout/mailback survey of the remaining governments. |
Lord Alfred Douglas (1870 - 1945 / England)
Lord Alfred Douglas is remembered today for his tumultuous association with Oscar Wilde and as a minor poet.
Douglas, universally known as Bosie, was born October 22, | Lord Alfred Douglas (1870 - 1945 / England)
Lord Alfred Douglas is remembered today for his tumultuous association with Oscar Wilde and as a minor poet.
Douglas, universally known as Bosie, was born October 22, 1870, the third son of John Sholto Douglas, ninth Marquess of Queensberry, and Sibyl, née Montgomery.
After a boyhood during which his parents separated, Douglas went up from Winchester to Magdalen College, Oxford, in 1889. He met Oscar Wilde through a mutual friend in early summer, 1891, and they became lovers the following spring. Douglas's beauty was "like a narcissus--white and gold," as Wilde told Robert Ross.
Most of Douglas's homoerotic poetry was written between 1893 and 1896 and appeared in... more »
Click here to add this poet to your My Favorite Poets.
- A Prayer
- A Song
- A Winter Sunset
- Autumn Days
- Harmonic Du Soir
- Impression de Nuit ( London )
- In Memoriam : Francis Archibald Douglas
- Jonquil And Fleur-de-lys
- Le Balcon
- Night Coming Into A Garden
- Night Coming Out Of A Garden
- Not all the singers of a thousand years
- Ode To Autumn |
Back to Sleep: The Best Bedtime Position for Baby
The what, why, and how of infant sleeping positions
Why Should Baby Sleep on His Back?
In 1974, Congress passed the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Act in an effort | Back to Sleep: The Best Bedtime Position for Baby
The what, why, and how of infant sleeping positions
Why Should Baby Sleep on His Back?
In 1974, Congress passed the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Act in an effort to discover what was causing the devastating and seemingly inexplicable deaths of otherwise healthy infants while they slept. More than two infants for every thousand born were dying this way every year. Thanks to research by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHHD) and others, a correlation was soon seen between sleeping on the stomach and increased rates of sudden infant death syndrome (also called SIDS, or “crib death” in the past).
By 1991, the research was convincing enough that the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) was recommending back sleeping. And in 1994 the NICHHD and the AAP pushed a full-on national public health education campaign called Back to Sleep. Since that time there has been a remarkable 50 percent decrease in the incidence of SIDS, according to the AAP. “Other countries with similar campaigns have had similar success,” notes pediatrician Karen Sadler, MD, yet the AAP and NICHHD report it is still the leading cause of death after the immediate postnatal period. “Ninety percent of infants who die of SIDS are under six months of age; most are between three and five months old,” Sadler adds. “Neither do we know why this is the most vulnerable age.”
For those still looking for a more definitive answer to why Baby should sleep on his back in order to prevent SIDS, there are a few likely explanations but no decisively certain one. We do know for sure that the statistical link between back sleeping and lower SIDS rates exists. Most of the explanations pertain to infant breathing. For example, when sleeping on her front, Baby is more likely to create a little pocket around her nose and mouth that traps the exhaled carbon dioxide, which is then re-breathed, reducing oxygen in her system to lethal lows. Similarly, heavy blankets or plush toys could cause this same CO2 poisoning, especially when Baby has her face against the fluffy stuff. Another explanation is that back sleeping helps keep airways more open.
Overheating may be a contributing factor. So skip the blankets and put Baby in an adorable sleep sac outfit or gown with a drawstring bottom and hand covers if you live in colder climes. Keep the room comfortable for a lightly clothed adult. Smoking in the household or by the mother before birth is also linked to sudden infant death syndrome. So for this and a thousand other reasons, quit smoking as soon as you think of conceiving.
One key point is that babies should sleep on their backs every time they sleep, whether for the night or just while napping, and all caregivers who take care of the child should know this. The rate of SIDS among back sleepers who were then put on their stomach to sleep is a scary 18 percent higher than the usual rate.
YOU MIGHT BE INTERESTED IN |
The Gleason Park Redevelopment Project includes six city blocks south of the Crosstown Freeway and north of Hazelton Avenue. This mixed use project includes the redevelopment of Gleason Park, Alex G. Spanos Elementary School, two new affordable housing | The Gleason Park Redevelopment Project includes six city blocks south of the Crosstown Freeway and north of Hazelton Avenue. This mixed use project includes the redevelopment of Gleason Park, Alex G. Spanos Elementary School, two new affordable housing projects, and the potential for new retail development adjacent to Lafayette Avenue.
Three blocks of housing was demolished in order to make room for this project. The State Office of Historic Preservation required the Redevelopment Agency to undertake several activities to document and preserve the historic homes that once occupied this site. These measures included saving architectural features from one of the homes to be reused in the new community center, installation of a historic display in the new school, and completion of an archaeological excavation and report documenting the history of this working class neighborhood.
Who lived in this part of downtown Stockton?
This area had many single-family and multi-family residences, boarding houses, and rental apartments in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Overall, this neighborhood was ethnically diverse with a mixture of residential and smaller commercial properties. Many of the people who lived here in the 19th and 20th centuries rented their homes, which mean different people may have lived in the same building over time and everyone left traces in the archaeological record.
Some of the houses that used to be here were built in the 1890s - during the Victorian Era. This period is named for Queen Victoria of England and, through historical documents, we know what kinds of social values and ideas were popular during this period. Even though the United States were no longer British colonies, there was still an exchanged of material goods and cultural ideas back and forth across the Atlantic.
One Person's Trash is an Archaeologist's Artifact
Objects become part of the archaeological record when they are lost or thrown away. They may have been used for one day or ten years. Before the days of curb-side garbage pick-up, people would throw their trash out their backdoor. Sometimes this creates sheets of trash, other times people find or make holes in their backyards to dump things in.
Privies, old-fashioned outdoor toilets, were used before indoor plumbing became the norm in the 1920s. Privies were also often used as trash dumps, because it was a large hole - out of sight, out of mind. Because it was a toilet, objects were rarely taken or broken by activity.
There are currently no external links.
This City of Stockton webpage last reviewed on --- 3/22/2011 |
On the same day that thousands protested the end of labor as we know it in Michigan, the largest, thriving union in a right-to-work state celebrated the ascendancy of its first female and Hispanic leader.
As Michigan is poised to become the country | On the same day that thousands protested the end of labor as we know it in Michigan, the largest, thriving union in a right-to-work state celebrated the ascendancy of its first female and Hispanic leader.
As Michigan is poised to become the country’s 24th right-to-work state (unions can't force new employees to pay dues), it’s worth remembering just how potent labor is here in Nevada, despite the 60-year-old law on the books here. With an invaluable assist from ex-state Archivist Guy Rocha, I wondered just how a state that became right to work by a narrow margin in 1952 could be the same one where labor is celebrating unprecedented political influence in 2012 and its largest member today announced the election of Nicaraguan refugee and former housekeeper Geoconda Arguello-Kline as its new leader.
What seems incongruous is easily explained, along with some fascinating history that shows right-to-work seeds were planted in Reno in the middle of the last millennium and while taking root in northern Nevada, the anti-labor sentiment never flowered in the South because of accommodationist employers who have run joints along what in 1952 was a dusty boulevard with only Bugsy Siegel’s place of note.
The history here is fascinating, as Rocha, a Culinary member himself from way back, showed me.
The right-to-work law came out of labor unrest in the late 1940s and 1950s, including a Reno Culinary and Bartenders strike in July 1949 and then a printers’ union lockout at – wait for it – the Las Vegas Review-Journal on Labor Day. In April of the following year, the International Typographers Union Local 33 struck the RJ and began publishing an opposition paper, the Free Press. Less then two months later, it was sold to – wait again – Hank Greenspun, who changed the name to….the Las Vegas Sun.
But it was business leaders in the North, aided by some doyens in the South, who used the Reno Culinary strike as ammunition to start momentum for a real right-to-work law, Rocha told me.
Ultimately, SB79 was passed by the Legislature and signed by Gov. Charlie Russell on March 14, 1951. It had to be ratified by the voters and was, barely, the following year, 38,823-37,789 (50.6 percent to 49.4 percent).
Labor tried to get the law repealed twice at the ballot –- 1954 and 1956 -– failing both times. And then in 1958 – see if this doesn’t sound familiar – an initiative petition to repeal the right-to-work law was ordered off the ballot for insufficient signatures.
There were other legislative attempts to undermine the law – here and in Congress. But they went nowhere. Indeed, as Rocha pointed out, Nevada’s own Paul Laxalt introduced a national right to work bill in the U.S. Senate in 1977.
And yet, the 1952 law has not destroyed labor in Nevada – far from it. Indeed, although membership is not overwhelming, just as it isn’t anywhere, labor’s political might may have reached its apex in 2012.
Northern Nevada may never have been the same. But since the Hoover Dam era, when unions organized during the construction, the labor movement in the South has been powerful. The mob didn’t hurt, either, as Rocha told me.
“There was a general understanding there was going to be labor peace,” the ex-archivist said. “The attitude was to work together with the casino industry, and many of larger houses were mobbed up.”
Ah, remember the organized crime-union nexus that helped build Las Vegas. Since that time, corpor |
|Space Telescope Science Institute|
|FGS Instrument Handbook|
In Transfer mode, the FGS scans its IFOV across a target to generate a time-tagged (40 hz) mapping between the position of the IFOV (in | |Space Telescope Science Institute|
|FGS Instrument Handbook|
In Transfer mode, the FGS scans its IFOV across a target to generate a time-tagged (40 hz) mapping between the position of the IFOV (in both X and Y) and counts in the four PMTs. These data are used to construct the interferogram, or transfer function, of the target via the relationSx = (Ax – Bx) / (Ax + Bx)as described in chapter 2. The data from multiple scans are cross correlated and co-added to obtain a high SNR transfer function.In essence, Transfer mode observing is conceptually equivalent to sampling an object’s PSF with milliarcsecond pixels. This enables the FGS to resolve structure on scales finer than HST’s diffraction limit, making it ideal for studying close binary systems and/or extended objects.The transfer function of a multiple star system is a normalized linear superposition of the S-Curves of the individual stars, with each S-curve scaled and shifted by the relative brightness and angular separation of the components. If the components are widely separated (> ~60 mas), two S-Curves are clearly observed in the transfer function, as illustrated in the left panel of Figure 3.1. Smaller separations result in merged S-Curves with modulation and morphology differing significantly from that of a single star. Figure 4.3 illustrates these points.By using point source S-curves from the calibration library one can deconvolve the composite observed transfer function of a binary star into component S-Curves (done by either Fourier Transforms or semi-automated model fitting) to determine the separation, position angle, and relative brightness of the components. If enough epochs of data are available, the time-tagged position angles and angular separations can be used to construct the apparent relative orbit, from which one can derive the parameters P, a, i, ω and Ω which define the true relative orbit. Note that the semi-major axis is an angular quantity; to convert it to a physical length, one must know the object’s distance (which can be obtained from parallax measurements).The FGS, while capable of very-high angular resolution observations, is not an “imaging” instrument like HST’s cameras. Ho |
Medical science attributes increasing longevity to a complex interplay of diet, exercise, and genetics. But attitude, researchers suggest, is another factor we can learn from our elders: Act as if you're still living, rather than dying.
It's what | Medical science attributes increasing longevity to a complex interplay of diet, exercise, and genetics. But attitude, researchers suggest, is another factor we can learn from our elders: Act as if you're still living, rather than dying.
It's what one elder advocate calls "the centenarian spirit."
"The emergence of the oldest old, and the problems that surround it, are among the most important social issues of the 20th century," says Peter Martin, a gerontologist and medical researcher at Iowa State University in Ames. "While health and genetics and everything are important, there are also important psychological components... people we talk to seem to suggest that they've worked pretty hard at it – because they enjoyed it."
Increasing longevity will have broad economic effects. But the implication for the individual is a wide-open question: How are we to live these bonus years we never expected to have?
"If progress in reducing mortality continues at the same pace as it has over the past two centuries, which is a matter of debate, then in countries with high life expectancies most children born since the year 2000 will celebrate their 100th birthday – in the twenty-second century," wrote James W. Vaupel, a Duke University (N.C.) demographer in a March 25 Nature magazine review of current studies. "Longer lifespans will alter the way individuals want to allocate time during their lives and will require radical revision of employment, retirement, health, education and other policies." |
The 20th century has brought significant change to Korean society evident in all spheres of activity. The influence of the West can be found throughout the culture and has had profound effects on the traditional music culture. In the past, composed music as the | The 20th century has brought significant change to Korean society evident in all spheres of activity. The influence of the West can be found throughout the culture and has had profound effects on the traditional music culture. In the past, composed music as the term is understood in the West did not really exist in Korea as activity involving composition was limited to improvising over established melodies and themes. However in 1962 kayagum master Hwang Byungki composed a number of pieces including the piece Sup (Forest) for solo kayagum and this is considered to be the very first truly Korean composition. These pieces were revolutionary in Korean music culture as the role of the composer emerged and experimentation with the fundamental character of Korean music began. Composers began to transform traditional music practices as their compositions became more exploratory and bold.
Beginning in the 20th century students were educated in Western music and the |
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