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|Children and Self-Esteem|
|News Releases - General Info|
|Written by Joy Venhorst|
|Thursday, 07 July 2011 12:30|
What helps children mature with a positive sense of self?
Age
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|Children and Self-Esteem|
|News Releases - General Info|
|Written by Joy Venhorst|
|Thursday, 07 July 2011 12:30|
What helps children mature with a positive sense of self?
Age— With age, a child will learn increased control, gain memory, develop cognitively, and learn language and a sense of how to plan for the future.
Supported waiting— Children have difficulty waiting, but can be supported while they wait. Talk to them. For example: “In 5 more minutes, dinner will be ready. I know you can wait that long.”
Follow through— Follow through after a child waits. Do not imply a reward will come if it will not. This is part of trust!
Modeling— Adults who control their own anger, aggression, language, and needs provide positive models for their children.
Feeling in control— Provide children with age-appropriate choices. Offer two choice you can live with, and give the child an opportunity to learn to make decisions by choosing.
• Build on a child’s interest by helping him or her experience or learn more about a topic.
For School-Age Children
• Respect a child’s strengths, and they will respect you.
For Teens• Keep talking to teens even if it seems they don’t listen or care.
• Talk to teens about making good choices and about the many ways we express how we feel about others.
• Say two good things before talking about any bad things.
• Tell the teen something about yourself so they will feel safe sharing, too.
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Published on September 9, 2010 by Aquarius
The first recorded European excursions into what is now called Tennessee were three expeditions led by Spanish explorers, namely Hernando de Soto in 1540, Tristan de Luna
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Published on September 9, 2010 by Aquarius
The first recorded European excursions into what is now called Tennessee were three expeditions led by Spanish explorers, namely Hernando de Soto in 1540, Tristan de Luna in 1559, and Juan Pardo in 1567. Pardo recorded the name “Tanasqui” from a local Indian village, which may have evolved to the state’s current name. At that time, Tennessee was inhabited by tribes of Muscogee and Yuchi people. Possibly because of European diseases devastating the Native tribes, which would have left a population vacuum, and also from expanding European settlement in the north, the Cherokee moved south from the area now called Virginia. As European colonists spread into the area, the native populations were forcibly displaced to the south and west, including all Muscogee and Yuchi peoples, the Chickasaw, and Choctaw.
dna testing, dna ancestry testing, ancestry, genealogy, indian genealogy records, paternity testing, turquoise jewelry, native american jewelry
The first British settlement in what is now Tennessee was Fort Loudoun, near present-day Vonore. Fort Loudoun became the westernmost British outpost to that date. The fort was designed by John William Gerard de Brahm and constructed by forces under British Captain Raymond Demeré. After its completion, Captain Raymond Demeré relinquished command on August 14, 1757 to his brother, Captain Paul Demeré. Hostilities erupted between the British and the neighboring Overhill Cherokees, and a siege of Fort Loudoun ended with its surrender on August 7, 1760. The following morning, Captain Paul Demeré and a number of his men were killed in an ambush nearby, and the most of the rest of the garrison was taken prisoner.
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Picea sitchensis 'Papoose'
DWARF SITKA SPRUCE
Pronounced: PIE-see-a sit-KEN-sis
Sunset zones: A2, A3; 4-6,
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Picea sitchensis 'Papoose'
DWARF SITKA SPRUCE
Pronounced: PIE-see-a sit-KEN-sis
Sunset zones: A2, A3; 4-6, 14-17.
USDA zones: 7-8.
Heat zones: 8-7.
Height: 4-6 feet (1.2-1.8 m).
Width: 4-6 feet (1.2-1.8 m).
Cylindrical green cones turn to pale brown.
3/4-1 inch long green needles with silver underneath.
Pyramidal, over time.
Moist, well-drained, slightly acidic soil.
Rainy Side Notes
This compact evergreen conifer starts out globe shaped. Over time, it grows a central leader and ends up a pyramidal shape. It is a slow grower though, 1 ½ inches a year, so don't hold your breath waiting for that central leader to take over. The needles are green with silvery-blue undersides, giving i
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What do these two situations have in common with the advice you got from your fifth grade math teacher?
Situation #1: Market assessment to support valuation of an M&A target. We are working with a client to shape a consumer survey. This
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What do these two situations have in common with the advice you got from your fifth grade math teacher?
Situation #1: Market assessment to support valuation of an M&A target. We are working with a client to shape a consumer survey. This includes targeting what type of consumer is really best suited to comment on future demand for the product. We are also carefully designing questions that allow us to quantify their opinions into a proxy for estimates of future demand.
Situation #2: Complex business modeling under a time crunch. In an ideal world the manager doing the financial modeling will get to present his analyses and explain how the answers change as the business conditions also change. In the real world the manager’s work is passed along to another manager and then to another in rapid succession. Without the first manager present, those now looking at the model begin to consider new business conditions and can’t retrace the assumptions of the original model because they were never documented (still inside the head of junior manager). They become frustrated and begin to assume the junior manager doesn’t really know his numbers. A sad situation as he does know his numbers, but can’t make his case when he is absent from the discussion.
Your fifth grade math teacher had it right all along – show all work! Bright kids often see this as a waste of time since they can figure out so many problems in their head. They know how A and B combine to create D, the solution, so why write it down?
This is a life lesson to be gained from your fifth grade math teacher:
You don’t just lose points for not showing the assumptions behind your answer; you frustrate the person who is trying to figure out why your numbers don’t add up, or why you got to a solution that doesn’t make sense to them. Yes, in some cases they can and will retrace your steps to deduce your assumptions. Unlike your kind-hearted math teacher, many potential customers get frustrated and downright angry if they can’t figure out your logic.
Who wants to buy something when you can’t figure what you are paying for?
How often has this happened to you?
• Can’t figure out the price comparison between two different sized versions of the same product in the supermarket? You just walk away.
• Too many variations to choose from, as described in Barry Schwartz’ classic jam study, with no clear logic to help you choose? You just walk away.
• Can’t compare between two brands of consumer electronic products because there are so many dimensions of comparison and each one seems apples to oranges? Ignore the product comparison and seek out someone to guide your analysis.
If you can’t make your logic and assumptions accessible, then even your best customer is likely to go from a nice well-meaning collaborative person who wants to spend their money on your product/service to a confused, then frustrated, then angry, and then absent customer. Either they will physically leave or they will mentally exit, at least as far as your marketing/sales pitch is concerned.
What to do?
Show all work. Your math teacher will smile from afar if you would just make it easy to see the assumptions behind your price and brand differential (why it cost more, less, or why you still offer a better value at the same low, low price).
Allow customers to select a subset among the many factors you use to come to your own answers. The Best Places To Live guides do a nice job of this, and rather than take their advice as the one answer (although Eden Prairie, Minnesota where I work IS rated the best place to live), you can review the subset of the factors they examine.
Provide a step-wise guide to making choices. One client of ours does a very nice job of this. They sequence you through your decision process, so you aren’t overwhelmed by the multitude of options open to you.
Empower customers to play with the numbers. If you are confident, provide an app, a spreadsheet or some way for customers to plug in different scenarios so they can come up with a solution that is just right for them. Retirement savings calculators do a good job of this. Wouldn’t you like to provide a resource that keeps your customers coming back to your site and your brand?
Pre-test your logic. Another client of ours above is really committed to making their logic easy to follow; they pretest order forms and different order packages, not only to find out how customers tend to make purchase decisions, but also to make sure they remove any sources of potential confusion.
Of course this assumes you believe there are meaningful difference between your product, your brand and your marketing package. Our clients do. What about you?
How do you make it easy for customers to make decisions about your product or service?
How do you go about sharing your assumptions and
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Stainless Steel Screws
| Stainless Steel: When to use it,
and what do the numbers mean? |
Stainless Steel was developed about 90 years ago to solve the rusting problems of standard grades of steel. It is best used
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Stainless Steel Screws
| Stainless Steel: When to use it,
and what do the numbers mean? |
Stainless Steel was developed about 90 years ago to solve the rusting problems of standard grades of steel. It is best used where the eventual corrosion of plated products would create a real problem – salt-water boats or docks (above water), and redwood siding quickly come to mind.
There are 5 different classes of stainless steel. All of the classes are magnetic with the exception of “Austenitic”. Austenitic includes grades 201, 301, 302, 303, 304 and 316. The austenitic class has a higher content of chromium which increases the corrosion resistance.
Only a few of the many engineered grades of Stainless Steel are suitable for fasteners – those that can be “cold headed” easily, are corrosion resistant, and have adequate torsional and shear strengths. Of these, the 300 series of stainless steels is most popular. These alloys contain about 18% chromium and 8% nickel for good corrosion resistance, but make them non-magnetic and non-heat-treatable. Differences between 304 and 305 series stainless steel are slight, but 316 stainless adds molybdenum, which increases corrosion resistance, strength, and cost.
When a bit of corrosion resistance can be sacrificed for strength and reduced cost, 410 stainless steel is used. It contains about 12% chromium, no nickel, and sufficient carbon to allow heat treatment, making it mildly magnetic. Because it can be heat-treated, it is used extensively for self-drilling fasteners. It has a slightly “coated” surface finish appearance.
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and ask for our Product Support Department or send us an email
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Trapping antihydrogen atoms at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) has become so routine that physicists are confident that they can soon begin experiments on this rare antimatter equivalent of the hydrogen atom, according to researchers at the University
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Trapping antihydrogen atoms at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) has become so routine that physicists are confident that they can soon begin experiments on this rare antimatter equivalent of the hydrogen atom, according to researchers at the University of California, Berkeley.
“We’ve trapped antihydrogen atoms for as long as 1,000 seconds, which is forever” in the world of high-energy particle physics, said Joel Fajans, UC Berkeley professor of physics, faculty scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and a member of the ALPHA (Antihydrogen Laser PHysics Apparatus) experiment at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland.
The ALPHA team is hard at work building a new antihydrogen trap with “the hope that by 2012 we will have a new trap with laser access to allow spectroscopic experiments on the antiatoms,” he said.
Fajans and the ALPHA team, which includes Jonathan Wurtele, UC Berkeley professor of physics, will publish their latest successes online on June 5 in advance of print publication in the journal Nature Physics. Fajans, Wurtele and their graduate students played major roles in designing the antimatter trap and other aspects of the experiment.
Their paper reports that in a series of measurements last year, the team trapped 112 antiatoms for times ranging from one-fifth of a second to 1,000 seconds, or 16 minutes and 40 seconds.
Since the experiment first successfully trapped antihydrogen atoms in 2009, the researchers have captured 309.
“We’d prefer being able to trap a thousand atoms for a thousand seconds, but we can still initiate laser and microwave experiments to explore the properties of antiatoms,” Fajans said.
In November 2010, Fajans, Wurtele and the ALPHA team reported their first data on trapped antihydrogen: 38 antiatoms trapped for more than one-tenth of a second each. They succeeded in capturing an antiatom in only about one in 10 attempts, however.
Toward the end of last year’s experiments, they were capturing an antiatom in nearly every attempt, and were able to keep the antiatoms in the trap as long as they wanted. Realistically, trapping for 10-30 minutes will be sufficient for most experiments, as long as the antiatoms are in their lowest energy state, or ground state.
“These antiatoms should be identical to normal matter hydrogen atoms, so we are pretty sure all of them are in the ground state after a second,” Wurtele said.
“These were likely the first ground state antiatoms ever made,” Fajans added.
Antimatter is a puzzle because it should have been produced in equal amounts with normal matter during the Big Bang that created the universe 13.7 billion years ago. Today, however, there is no evidence of antimatter galaxies or clouds, and antimatter is seen rarely and for only short periods, for example during some types of radioactive decay before it annihilates in a collision with normal matter.
Hence the desire to measure the properties of antiatoms in order to determine whether their electromagnetic and gravitational interactions are identical to those of normal matter. One goal is to check whether antiatoms abide by CPT symmetry, as do normal atoms. CPT (charge-parity-time) symmetry means that a particle would behave the same way in a mirror universe if it had the opposite charge and moved backward in time.
“Any hint of CPT symmetry breaking would require a serious rethink of our understanding of nature,” said Jeffrey Hangst of Aarhus University in Denmark, spokesperson for the ALPHA experiment. “But half of the universe has gone missing, so some kind of rethink is apparently on the agenda.”
ALPHA captures antihydrogen by mixing antiprotons from CERN’s Antiproton Decelerator with positrons – antielectrons – in a vacuum chamber, where they combine into antihydrogen atoms. The cold neutral antihydrogen is confined within a magnetic bottle, taking advantage of the tiny magnetic moments of the antiatoms. Trapped antiatoms are detected by turning off the magnetic field and allowing the particles to annihiliate with normal matter, which creates a flash of light.
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by Charlie Gough, Marine Research Coordinator, Madagascar& Ghana
What makes two communities that live over 5000km apart and different oceans struggle daily with the same problems? When you know that both communities live in coastal villages where the population doubles
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by Charlie Gough, Marine Research Coordinator, Madagascar& Ghana
What makes two communities that live over 5000km apart and different oceans struggle daily with the same problems? When you know that both communities live in coastal villages where the population doubles every 20 years, and the primary source of both food and income is the sea – you will understand that the problems that they face arise primarily from overfishing.
Blue Ventures has worked for the last 10 years in western Madagascar with Vezo fishing communities to develop innovative and sustainable solutions to the fisheries problems that they face in small scale traditional fisheries.
Ghana, western Africa borders the Atlantic Ocean in the Gulf of Guinea and has become increasingly affluent through the exploitation of its natural resources such as gold, timber and oil. However, the western region of Ghana is home to the Fante people, who similarly to the Vezo, are traditionally reliant on the continued productivity of the sea for both income and survival. The Ghanaian fishermen have been lucky, there is a coastal upwelling that occurs twice a year, from June to September and a second smaller season between December and February. The cold nutrient rich waters bring with them high levels of productivity in the form of plankton blooms followed by Herrings and Sardines and next to them Mackerel and Tuna. They also have a coastline replete with diverse habitats of rocky reef, mud, sand and estuarine lagoons, where they can fish out of season.
However, despite the complexity and diversity of habitats and fishing grounds, the relentless exploitation of these resources by humans has started to have a marked effect on the productivity of these systems, and the reports of decline that are being made by many fishermen are similar to those heard throughout Madagascar, and no doubt small scale fisheries worldwide.
“Before we would catch plenty of fish, now we catch the same type of fish but they are becoming less and less,” laments Nana Kwesi-Ayaah the Chief fisherman of Princess Aketechi, a small fishing town near to the southern point of Ghana.
Despite a number of forest reserves and protected wetland areas, there are currently no marine protected areas in the country. Blue Ventures researchers are working together with the Coastal Resources Centre (CRC), University of Rhode Island (URI) in a USAID funded project to help develop plans for a network of marine
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Liberiet and Kungshuset
The University did not own many books from the start. In 1671 the University Library received its first major book and manuscript collection from the Cathedral Chapter. The book collection, containing 25 shelf metres
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Liberiet and Kungshuset
The University did not own many books from the start. In 1671 the University Library received its first major book and manuscript collection from the Cathedral Chapter. The book collection, containing 25 shelf metres, was shelved in Liberiet near the Cathedral. In 1690 the University Library moved to Kungshuset (the King’s House) in Lundagård, which also served as the University building at the time.
Storage conditions for books were not the best in Kungshuset. Grain as well as pigs were kept there and the roof was leaking. At the end of the 17th century the librarian Bonde Humerus divided the University books into five categories:
1. Wet or worm-eaten
4. Defective, and
5. Mouse-eaten or all gone!
The library becomes a legal depository library
At the beginning the University Library’s collections grew mainly from donations of book and manuscript collections.
In 1698 king Karl XII introduced the system of legal deposit. This means that we receive one copy of all printed publications in Sweden and that our collections were and are growing fast.
The legal deposits are still today an important part of our work, and donations continue to enrich our collections.
In 1907 the library moves to Helgonabacken
The lack of space was acute in Kungshuset at the end of the 19th century. After long discussions the University decided to build a library at Helgonabacken, in spite of the fact that head librarian Elof Tegnér thought it to be too remote a si
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September 24, 2013
Heartbeat Passwords May Make Implanted Medical Devices Unhackable
[ Watch the Video: Securing Your Implanted Device With A Heartbeat Password ]
redOrbit Staff & Wire Reports - Your Universe
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September 24, 2013
Heartbeat Passwords May Make Implanted Medical Devices Unhackable
[ Watch the Video: Securing Your Implanted Device With A Heartbeat Password ]
redOrbit Staff & Wire Reports - Your Universe OnlineResearchers at Rice University have found a way to use the unique signature of a person's heartbeat as a biometric security identifier to prevent implanted medical devices (IMD) from being hacked.
Implantable devices such as defibrillators and insulin pumps typically come with wireless connectivity that allows doctors to update software or download data. However, this wireless capability also gives hackers an opportunity to remotely alter the device in potentially life-threatening ways.
Masoud Rostami, one of the Rice University researchers involved in the current study, said IMDs generally lack the kind of password security found on home Wi-Fi networks because emergency medical technicians often need quick access to the information the devices store to save a life.
The downside of this, however, it that it leaves the IMDs open to attack, he said.
“If you have a device inside your body, a person could walk by, push a button and violate your privacy, even give you a shock,” he said in a statement.
To address this vulnerability, the researchers developed a new security feature that uses the patient’s own heartbeat as a kind of password that could only be accessed through touch.
A hacker “could make (an insulin pump) inject insulin or update the software of your pacemaker. But our proposed solution forces anybody who wants to read the device to touch you," Rostami said.
The new system, dubbed Heart-to-Heart, would require software in the IMD to talk to the "touch" device, called the programmer. When a medical technician touches the patient, the programmer would pick up an electrocardiogram (EKG) signature from the beating heart. The internal and external devices would compare minute details of the EKG and execute a "handshake." If signals gathered by both at the same instant match, they become the password that grants external access to the device.
“The signal from your heartbeat is different every second, so the password is different each time,” Rostami said. "You can't use it even a minute later."
Rostami compared the EKG to a chart of a financial stock.
“We’re looking at the minutia. If you zoom in on a stock, it ticks up and it ticks down every microsecond. Those fine details are the byproduct of a very complex system and they can’t be predicted.”
A human heartbeat is the same, in that every beat has unique characteristics that can be read and matched, he said.
“We treat your heart as if it were a random number generator.”
Rice electrical and computer engineer Farinaz Koushanfar said the system could potentially be used with the millions of IMDs already in use.
“To our knowledge, this is the first fully secure solution that has small overhead and can work with legacy systems,” she said. "Like any device that has wireless access, we can simply update the software."
Koushanfar said the software would require very little of an IMD’s power, unlike other security solutions that require computationally intensive – and battery draining – cryptography.
“We’re hopeful,” she said, adding that implementation would require cooperation with device manufacturers, and approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). "We think everything here is a practical
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American health advocates have filed a lawsuit against the U.S. food regulatory agency to stop a practice they believe is contributing to the rise of antibiotic-resistant infections worldwide.
Many large-scale livestock producers around the world feed small amounts of antibiotics to healthy animals to
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American health advocates have filed a lawsuit against the U.S. food regulatory agency to stop a practice they believe is contributing to the rise of antibiotic-resistant infections worldwide.
Many large-scale livestock producers around the world feed small amounts of antibiotics to healthy animals to help them grow better. But public health experts say constant exposure is encouraging bacteria to develop resistance to the drugs, undermining their effectiveness in treating human disease.
The new lawsuit is the latest round in the long-running battle over antibiotic use in livestock.
Farmers started adding small doses of antibiotics to their livestock feed around 50 years ago, after scientists discovered the drugs improved the animals' growth. The practice became routine, and it is now commonplace in large livestock operations in many countries. Controversy over the practice arose soon after it began as public health experts observed antibiotic-resistant bacteria growing in these animals.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration first proposed a ban on this use of antibiotics in 1977, but Congress ordered more research.
Steve Roach, with the advocacy group Food Animal Concerns Trust, says evidence has been mounting since then, but the FDA still has not acted. "After 30 years, I think it's time for someone to put a little more pressure on them. And that's what the aim of the lawsuit is."
Roach's group and four other major environmental and consumer groups are suing the FDA to ban the use of two common antibiotics at levels below what is used to treat a sick animal. FDA officials declined to comment on the pending litigation.
Last June, the agency did recommend that livestock producers phase out the use of antibiotics to promote growth. But Roach notes it was just that: a recommendation. "As far as we can tell, all they were trying to do was kindly ask the industry to make changes. And we just don't believe that's adequate response."
The livestock industry says the evidence linking resistant human infections to the farm is not conclusive. And proponents of low-level antibiotic use note that besides promoting growth, the drugs have a therapeutic effect that helps suppress diseases once common in large, confined populations of food animals.
Ron Phillips with the Animal Health Institute, an animal-drug tr
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Talking About Race
Sunday’s presentation “Talking to Children About Race” at the Westport Library, co-sponsored by TEAM Westport, was excellent. Catherine Lewis, LCSW and Zoe Tarrant, MA, MFT were the presenters.
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Talking About Race
Sunday’s presentation “Talking to Children About Race” at the Westport Library, co-sponsored by TEAM Westport, was excellent. Catherine Lewis, LCSW and Zoe Tarrant, MA, MFT were the presenters. Their PowerPoint “What Do White Children See?” led them to why it is imperative to talk with children about race. They also offered valuable suggestions.
The PowerPoint shows scenes of Westport and beyond that children see. These can lead to stereotypes about race. For me, the scenes showing white teachers, administrators, and sports teams, and a Black cafeteria worker and janitor at the schools were most powerful.
An audience member said, “Seeing white people in leadership and everyday scenes, and Black people in jail and in menial roles was what struck me.”
Zoe and Catherine said, “It’s hard, but don’t be afraid to talk to your children about race. Be willing to open conversations. Ask them about what they’ve seen at school or in their sports activities.”
Another audience member said, “Isn’t it racist to bring up race?”
“No,” they assured us. “It will show them that it’s a reasonable conversation to have. If you don’t bring it up, they’ll think you don’t care or don’t notice racist comments or actions.”
Slavery in Connecticut
They described a textbook used in classrooms today that says, “Connecticut did have some slaves. Their owners treated them well and taught them religion and English.” It mentions nothing about the wealth built on slavery in Connecticut.
The truth is that slaves were critical to creating Connecticut’s wealth. Not just the slave owners, but the merchants, textile mills, and bankers all built their empires on the products from and even the trad
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USDA Grade A
The USDA grades for poultry are A, B, and C. The official grade shield certifies that the poultry has been graded for quality by a technically trained government grader.
The inspection and grading of poultry are two separate
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USDA Grade A
The USDA grades for poultry are A, B, and C. The official grade shield certifies that the poultry has been graded for quality by a technically trained government grader.
The inspection and grading of poultry are two separate programs within the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Inspection for wholesomeness is mandatory and is paid for out of tax dollars. Grading for quality is voluntary, and the service is requested and paid for by the meat and poultry producers themselves.
American consumers can be confident that the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), the public health agency in the USDA, ensures that meat and poultry products are safe, wholesome, and correctly labeled and packaged.
After the meat and poultry are inspected for wholesomeness, producers may request to have the products graded for quality by a licensed Federal grader. Grading for quality means the evaluation of traits related to tenderness, juiciness, and flavor of meat; and, for poultry, a normal shape that is fully fleshed and meaty and free of defects.
USDA grades are based on nationally uniform Federal standards of quality. Retail packages of meat and poultry display the U.S. grade mark, like the one above, if they have been officially graded. USDA grades for poultry are A, B, and C. Grade A is the highest quality grade.
(Source: www.fsis.usda.gov factsheet)
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RNA-seq: Comparing strand-specific RNA sequencing techniques
We value having options in biomedical research. But sometimes having many choices, and without sufficient comparative information about their benefits and limitations, can unnecessarily complicate research progress. Such has been the situation
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RNA-seq: Comparing strand-specific RNA sequencing techniques
We value having options in biomedical research. But sometimes having many choices, and without sufficient comparative information about their benefits and limitations, can unnecessarily complicate research progress. Such has been the situation over the past two years regarding the technology of complementary DNA (cDNA) “second-generation” sequencing, or “RNA-seq” as it has come to be known.
Complementary DNA is created in the laboratory starting from an RNA template using an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. The cDNA sequence is complementary to the sequence of its RNA template, hence its name. Over the past few years, researchers have developed a variety of techniques to decipher this cDNA and learn more about an organism from a cell’s RNA content. In a paper published August 15 in Nature Methods, researchers at the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT directly compared seven of these methods, known as RNA-seq techniques. Using a set of criteria, a technique known as dUTP second-strand marking emerged as the leading protocol and has been adopted at the Broad for RNA-seq applications. Full details of this protocol are described in this paper and in the original 2009 dUTP paper by Parkhomchuk et al. in Nucleic Acids Research last year. The authors also provide a menu of comparative analysis criteria that can be applied for assessment of future RNA-seq protocols.
Researchers perform RNA-seq for three general reasons. “First, you want to know how many and which RNA transcripts are in a cell or in a sample,” explains Joshua Levin, of the Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program (GSAP) at the Broad and co-first author of the paper. “With RNA-seq, you can actually count the relative number of transcripts made in each cell, which tells you something about its function.”
Second, RNA-seq provides specific information for genome annotation. “It lets you identify the elements (DNA sequences) of the genome that are copied into RNA and assign them biological functional,” says Levin. In past years, genome annotation was done with expressed sequence tags (ESTs) but this relies on the older Sanger-based sequencing technology, which has rapidly been displaced by newer, second-generation techniques such as those provided by Illumina and others. Second-generation technologies have vastly increased access to the information-dense transcriptome.
Last, RNA-seq allows researchers to characterize RNA splicing – modifications of RNA after transcription, in which introns (nucleotide bases that are not expressed into proteins) are removed and exons (bases that are expressed) are joined. ”There are programs that can predict that but you really want to have an actual experiment that tells you what sequences are present in spliced RNAs and those that are not,” says Levin. Differences in RNA splicing can lead to alterations in the proteins translated from those RNAs thereby imparting functional consequences for cells and organisms.
Levin’s group worked with various RNA-seq methods as they became available, including two developed internally at the Broad. “Though we’ve been working with these techniques for several years, we realized that no one had compared them to determine which would be the best to recommend,” says Levin. “A lot of people are just getting started on RNA-seq so they don’t know which method they should use.” Researchers at the Broad often field technique-related questions from other investigators. This analysis was done largely to help the larger community sift through the options regarding RNA-seq.
In the cell, each single-stranded RNA is synthesized from one of the two strands of DNA. When RNA is copied back into cDNA for RNA-seq in the lab, the information about which of the two strands of DNA was copied into RNA can be lost unless special methods are used. The crux of this paper is to test which of seven different “strand-specific” methods is best to preserve this strand information. Strand-specific RNA-seq improves on standard RNA-seq in three ways: accurately identifying antisense transcripts, determining the transcribed strand of non-coding RNAs (e.g. lincRNAs), and demarcating the boundaries of closely situated or overlapping genes.
“Nonstrand-specific RNA sequencing has been the standard method,” explains Levin. “But now strand-specific approaches provide additional valuable information and do not involve that much more work or cost.”
Along with strand specificity, the team examined other criteria using their new computational pipeline. And they assessed practical measures like ease of use in the laboratory and in computational analysis. “Looking at all these factors, dUTP turned out to be the one we liked the most and it is our default RNA-seq method at the Broad right now,” says Levin. But he notes that technical challenges need to be addressed to make the process high-throughput. “This technique works for making 12 libraries, for example,” he says. “But if you want to automate it, for 100 or more libraries at a time, the method needs to be modified.” He comments that researchers at the Broad are addressing this point now to be ready for large sequencing requests as they become more frequent.
The team’s analysis is freely available on the Broad’s GenePattern server. “This was done so that other researchers can evaluate their own protocols using the same criteria explained in the paper,” explains Moran Yassour of the Broad Instit
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Drag the Words allows educators to create text blocks with missing pieces of text. The student drags a missing piece of text to its correct place to form the complete text block.
Assess if students remember a text they have read, or if they
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Drag the Words allows educators to create text blocks with missing pieces of text. The student drags a missing piece of text to its correct place to form the complete text block.
Assess if students remember a text they have read, or if they understand a topic. Helps students think through complex theories.
It’s super easy to create a drag the words task. The educator just writes or pastes the text and encloses the words that are to be draggable with asterisk signs like *draggableWord*.
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The “American Dream” is a popular belief that opportunity for prosperity, success and upward social mobility for family and children are achieved through hard work in a society with few barriers. The American dream is about freedom to pursue one’s interests and passions in
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The “American Dream” is a popular belief that opportunity for prosperity, success and upward social mobility for family and children are achieved through hard work in a society with few barriers. The American dream is about freedom to pursue one’s interests and passions in life, economic security and well-being along with hope and optimism of seeing progress in life and in the lives of your children.
Unfortunately, the ideal of the American Dream is under siege and families must fight very hard now to secure success. A vast majority of Americans sense that attaining the American Dream is becoming much more difficult. Recent books documenting the trend include American Dream Dying (McClelland and Tobin, 2010), Who Stole the American Dream (Smith, 2012), The Betrayal of the American Dream (Barlett and Steele, 2012), Hard Times: The Divisive Toll of the Economic Slum (Clark, 2014) and Chasing the American Dream (Rank, 2014).
Our nation is experiencing enormous economic retrenchment. Americans are at significantly greater financial risk today. There has been a massive transfer of financial risk from corporations and government onto families and individuals. Pack your War Chest with an awareness of this undisputed fact. In Part 2 we’ll look at what you can do to secure your family. It’s a brutal war: but if you are smart, informed and work hard you can still live the American Dream.
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The survey found that 4.4% of Americans have had a form of bipolar disorder at some point in their lifetime, whereas the prevalence of bipolar I and II combined over a lifetime is typically cited at about 1.9%.
The difference
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The survey found that 4.4% of Americans have had a form of bipolar disorder at some point in their lifetime, whereas the prevalence of bipolar I and II combined over a lifetime is typically cited at about 1.9%.
The difference was attributed to the 2.4% prevalence of "subthreshold" bipolar disorder, Kathleen R. Merikangas, Ph.D., of the National Institute of Mental Health here, and colleagues, reported in the May issue of the Archives of General Psychiatry.
"Subthreshold bipolar disorder is common, clinically significant, and underdetected in treatment settings," they wrote. "Explicit criteria are needed to define subthreshold bipolar disorder for future clinical and research purposes."
The findings explain the "large discrepancy" between rates in large-scale community surveys and in prospective longitudinal studies, they said.
Previous surveys have had criteria that were too restrictive for symptoms and diagnosis thresholds to pick up bipolar disorder in the general population, Dr. Merikangas and colleagues said, "particularly in young adults, when the disorder is in evolution."
So in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication study, they included broader criteria along with the traditional Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) definitions of mania, hypomania and major depression.
The criterion for bipolar I disorder was ever having had a manic episode. For bipolar II disorder, the criteria were whether patients ever having had a hypomanic but not manic episode and ever having had an episode of major depression.
The criteria for subthreshold bipolar disorder were:
- Recurrent subthreshold hypomania (at least two criterion B symptoms and all other criteria for hypomania) in the presence of major depression.
- At least two episodes of hypomania in the absence of recurrent major depression.
- Recurrent subthreshold hypomania in the absence of major depression.
These definitions were applied to responses from the nationally representative sample of 9,282 adults interviewed using the structured WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview.
Those who met criteria for any core psychiatric disorder and a random sample of the other participants answered additional questions. Bipolar diagnosis cases with plausible organic causes were excluded.
Among the prevalence findings, the researchers reported:
- 1.0% had bipolar I disorder during their lifetimes.
- 1.1% had bipolar II disorder during their lifetimes.
- 2.4% had subthreshold bipolar disorder during their lifetimes.
- 0.6% had bipolar I disorder during the prior year.
- 0.8% had bipolar II disorder during the prior year.
- 1.4% had subthreshold bipolar disorder in the prior year.
Other results showed that the spectrum concept of bipolarity is valid, they said.
"The direct association between increasingly restrictive definitions of bipolar disorder and the indicators of clinical validity, including number
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Forecasters' new task: Chart hurricane strength
Scientists are just starting to understand when hurricanes grow more
BOSTON — In the fall of 1995, tropical storm Opal spun into the Gulf of Mexico, grew into a hurricane,
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Forecasters' new task: Chart hurricane strength
Scientists are just starting to understand when hurricanes grow more
BOSTON — In the fall of 1995, tropical storm Opal spun into the Gulf of Mexico, grew into a hurricane, and suddenly did something that atmospheric scientist John Molinari calls a "nightmare scenario."
It intensified overnight at a rate never before seen in an Atlantic hurricane - no prediction technique even hinted at the change. Few people would be awake to hear any new hurricane warnings, and those who were would have no time to evacuate.
Then, just as suddenly, the storm weakened, with most of the Florida panhandle experiencing hurricane-force winds much weaker than anticipated.
It was a worrying reminder that, while forecasters have made important leaps in charting hurricanes, they remain largely uncertain about how to estimate the storms' power. "We have no skill in intensity forecasts, and we don't know why," says Robert Gall, a scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo., and head of the US Weather Research Program.
Now, new studies of data gathered during hurricane Opal are beginning to unlock the secrets behind such rapid changes. They may point to a need to pepper the ocean, as well as the atmosphere, with sensors. The goal, scientists say, is to help forecasters improve the lead time on warnings and ensure that warnings cover only the amount of coastline necessary.
Perhaps most significant, new research on storm intensity is focusing attention on the combined effects of atmospheric conditions and hard-to-spot, deep pools of warm water.
Forecasters anticipate an active 1999 hurricane season. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), as well as a team from Colorado State, predict at least three intense hurricanes between this week and Nov. 30.
Both efforts cite La Nia - cooler than normal sea-surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific - as one key influence on this year's outlook. And the Colorado State team, led by William Gray, suggests that changing patterns in ocean circulation will mean more activity in the next few years - and more hurricanes that travel farther up the East Coast.
Forecasters' ability to predict the track of such storms has improved by as much as 31 percent compared with forecasts based on older sampling techniques, according to NOAA figures. An array of expendable sensors and a new Gulf Stream jet - which can fly higher and farther than older hurricane trackers - have helped forecasters get a more detailed look at hurricane conditions.
But "evacuation is based on intensity, not just on the storm's track," notes Lynn Shay, associate professor of meteorology and physical oceanography at the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Fla. And intensity studies, he says, generally took a back seat to research to improve storm-track forecasts - until Opal.
Clues to Opal's explosive intensification come from air as well as from sea.
Dr. Molinari, a professor of earth and atmospheric science at the State University of New York at Albany, has looked at the atmospheric conditions that existed at the time Opal blossomed. He found that the jet stream, a river of air that snakes its way across North America from west to east, dipped into the subtropics and spun off an eddy that merged with Opal, adding to its strength. He says this merger was the major reason for Opal's rise.
But Dr. Shay and colleagues at the university and at NOAA's Hurricane Research Division say there was much more to it. They point to a 130-mile-wide pool of warm water some 700 feet deep. Known as warm-core rings, these features spin off a deep current of warm water that loops northward and back between Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and Cuba. The loop spawns warm-core rings every 11 to 14 months.
This is important, because hurricanes typically feed off warm water on the surface. But as the hurricane passes over it, wind and wave action mix the surface water with deeper, cooler water, and the storm loses strength.
Just at the time the jet stream's eddy was giving Opal a boost, the storm passed over the warm-core ring. The wind and waves churned up more warm water, feeding the storm.
Forecasters didn't see this, Shay says, because most weather satellites measure only surface temperatures. But using ocean-altitude data from a special NASA satellite, Shay and his colleagues were able to spot indicators that showed the larger mass of warm water beneath.
This summer, the group plans to study this coupling of ocean and atmosphere more closely, using ocean-temperature and current sensors.
In the meantime, his team is making specially processed NASA data available. "We've been so focused on atmospheric conditions," Shay says, "that we've lost sight" of the conditions at the boundary between ocean and atmosphere that fuel hurricanes.
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posted by Mike.
The floor areas of a living room on a house plan measures 3 1/2 inches by 4 5/8 inches. If the scale is 1/4 inch = 1 foot, find the length
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posted by Mike.
The floor areas of a living room on a house plan measures 3 1/2 inches by 4 5/8 inches. If the scale is 1/4 inch = 1 foot, find the length of the longest side of room in feet.
How do I start this problem?
"Scale" means what you multiply something by to get the proper dimensions. So, 1/4 inch on the drawing is 1 foot in real life. How to do this one is to first figure out how many quarter inches are in 4 5/8 inches. Do this by dividing 4 5/8 by.25. The number of quarter inches in 4 5/8 is the number of feet. Make sense?
We have this:
The floor areas of a living room on a house plan measures 3_1/2 inches by 4_ 5/8 inches. If the scale is 1/4 inch = 1 foot, find the length of the longest side of room in feet.
Multiply the given inches.
3_1/2 times 4_5/8 = 16_3/16
The questions reveals that 1/4 = 1 foot in real-life.
To find how many feet in 16_3/16 inches, divide 16_3/16 inches by 1/4 inch.
So, 16_3/16 inches divided by 1/4 =
64_3/4 feet (in real-life)
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Every year we use iPads to collect our survey information. We have used Numbers, Excel and an app by another team. This year we are excited to use Google Forms and a Google Add-on APPSHEET that allows your to convert your google
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Every year we use iPads to collect our survey information. We have used Numbers, Excel and an app by another team. This year we are excited to use Google Forms and a Google Add-on APPSHEET that allows your to convert your google form into an andriod or ios app. Although we are going to use it to collect data off-line this year, it can be used to on your phone with a data plan that will give you live data. For more information on how we use these for survey, email us at [email protected]
FIRST Team 744 Safety Tips:
Team 744 realizes that there are certain intrinsic risks in participating on a FIRST team. Therefore, it is critical to practice safe habi
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Proceedings of the international workshop on Ribosomal RNA technology, April 7–9, 2008, Bremen, Germany
Amaral-Zettler, Linda A.
Fuchs, Bernhard M.
Glockner, Frank
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Proceedings of the international workshop on Ribosomal RNA technology, April 7–9, 2008, Bremen, Germany
Amaral-Zettler, Linda A.
Fuchs, Bernhard M.
Glockner, Frank Oliver
MetadataShow full item record
KeywordRibosomal RNA; Workshop proceedings; Databases; Phylogeny; Biogeography; Technology; Diversity; Ecology
Thirty years have passed since Carl Woese proposed three primary domains of life based on the phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal RNA genes. Adopted by researchers worldwide, ribosomal RNA has become the “gold-standard” for molecular taxonomy, biodiversity analysis and the identification of microorganisms. The more than 700,000 rRNA sequences in public databases constitute an unprecedented hallmark of the richness of microbial biodiversity on earth. The International Workshop on Ribosomal RNA Technology convened on April 7-9, 2008 in Bremen, Germany (http://www.arb-silva.de/rrna-workshop) to su
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What are Cursors?
A cursor is a temporary work area created in the system memory when a SQL statement is executed. A cursor contains information on a select statement and the rows of data accessed by it. This temporary work area is used to store the
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What are Cursors?
A cursor is a temporary work area created in the system memory when a SQL statement is executed. A cursor contains information on a select statement and the rows of data accessed by it. This temporary work area is used to store the data retrieved from the database, and manipulate this data. A cursor can hold more than one row, but can process only one row at a time. The set of rows the cursor holds is called the active set.
There are two types of cursors in PL/SQL:
These are created by default when DML statements like, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements are executed. They are also created when a SELECT statement that returns just one row is executed.
They must be created when you are executing a SELECT statement that returns more than one row. Even though the cursor stores multiple records, only one record can be processed at a time, which is called as current row. When you fetch a row the current row position moves to next row.
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The effects of a brain injury will vary depending on the area of the brain that was injured and depending on the severity of the injury.
Toronto, ON (PRWEB) May 28, 2014
Brain injuries affect an astonishing amount of
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The effects of a brain injury will vary depending on the area of the brain that was injured and depending on the severity of the injury.
Toronto, ON (PRWEB) May 28, 2014
Brain injuries affect an astonishing amount of Canadians every year. According to the Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation, 500,000 Canadians are affected by brain injuries and the annual incidents of traumatic brain injuries is greater than Multiple Sclerosis, Spinal Cord Injury, HIV/AIDS and Breast Cancer combined.
According to the Brain Injury Association of Canada (BIAC), brain injuries have become a significant medical and societal concern over the last few decades. Over the past few years, there has been a noticeable increase in news stories about concussions, brain injuries and the effects of traumatic brain injuries as a result of high profile injuries to athletes such as Sidney Crosby* and Michael Schumacher**.
How many applications are being developed to help people with brain injuries? Helmets with sensor technology that can detect a hit to the head? There is a need for this technology as society is becoming more and more aware that a concussion is more that just “a bump to the head”, and more aware of what a brain injury is.
What is a brain injury? The term which is used to describe brain injuries that occur after birth is acquired brain injury (ABI). An acquired brain injury is damage to the brain resulting from a traumatic or non-traumatic event. A non-traumatic brain injury could be a brain injury that is the result of an illness such as meningitis or stroke. A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a brain injury that occurs as a result of a direct blow to the head, such as from a motor vehicle accident (as a driver, passenger, cyclist, pedestrian), from playing sports, from a slip and fall/trip and fall, or from an assault.
The effects of a brain injury will vary depending on the area of the brain that was injured and depending on the severity of the injury. A person who has sustained a brain injury may develop headaches, irritability, confusion, dizziness, tinnitus, short-term memory loss, difficulty concentration and other difficulties.
Some helpful resources to learn more about brain injuries:
Brain injury is one of the leading causes of adult disability. Aaron Waxman and Associates is a Toronto law firm that handles long-term disability claims, including claims for traumatic brain injuries. If your claim for benefits has been denied, seek the advice of a lawyer to ensure that you have not missed any limitation periods and to be advised of your legal rights.
Aaron Waxman and Associates is a Toronto law firm whose practice is focused on long- term disability claims, short term disability claims, psychological illness claims, critical illness claims, life insurance claims, slip & fall claims, occupier’s liability claims, automobile accident claims, traumatic brain injury claims, and other types of personal injury claims.
We only help injured persons; we do not work for insurance companies.
We offer a free, no obligation initial consultation.
We can help you get your life back on track.
t: 416 661-4878
Facebook: Facebook.com/TorontoDisabilityFirm or Facebook.com/DisabilityLegalFirm
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The Physician Assistant National Certifying Examination (PANCE) was developed by the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) with funding from the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and the Kellogg Foundation. When it
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The Physician Assistant National Certifying Examination (PANCE) was developed by the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) with funding from the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and the Kellogg Foundation. When it was first given in 1973, examination content was based on an analysis of the actual work performed by physician’s assistants (PA’s) using results of a large survey of PA’s and their supervising physicians. At that time, any graduate of an American Medical Assocation (AMA) approved PA program could sit for the exam. In addition, contracts with funding agencies required that “informally trained” PA’s working in the field also be allowed to sit for the exam.
By 1974, the newly formed, independent nonprofit National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants (NCCPA) assumed oversight responsibility for the PANCE. This includes determining who is eligible to take the exam, creating a content “blueprint” based on periodic practice analyses, setting passing standards, issuing certificates to those who successfully pass the PANCE, and establishing mechanisms for maintaining current certification. The NCCPA includes representatives from a number of medical organizations and insures that PA’s play an active role in setting professional standards.
The NCCPA made a number of changes to the original examination. They reorganized the content into three assessment areas, including a Clinical Skills Portion (CSP) which required candidates to perform actual physical examinations based on clinical case studies they were given. When the NCCPA began converting the PANCE to a computer-based exam in 1997, they streamlined the multiple choice portion of the exam, offering a core component and an optional extended core component in surgery. The CSP was also dropped at this time because it didn’t fit into the computerized delivery model.
The NCCPA also changed the eligibility criteria in 1987 so that “informally trained” PA’s were no longer allowed to sit for the PANCE, based on the high failure rates of those who had not been prepared through an approved PA program.
To insure that PA’s in the field continued to develop the knowledge and skills to keep abreast with current patient needs, by 1981 the NCCPA began requiring PA’s to retake the PANCE every 6 years to recertify. In 1984, they began administering a separate recertification exam, the PANRE (Physician Assistant National Recertification Examination) to meet this requirement. Recently, the recertification testing requirement has been changed to every 10 years.
Function of the Test
The PANCE and PANRE are national examinations that were established to insure that PA’s meet standard criteria for knowledge and clinical competence before entering into and being allowed to continue to practice their profession. After graduating from an accredited PA program, you must pass the PANCE to be PA-C certified by the NCCPA. NCCPA certification is required in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and US territories in order to obtain authorization to practice (licensure or registration). PA-C certification is kept current by completing a certain number of continuing medical education (CME) credits and paying a $130 CME fee every two years, and taking and passing the PANRE every 10 years. While not all states require recertification in order to maintain licensure, several states require it in orer to maintain prescribing authority.
Today, nearly 100,000 PA’s are licensed in the United States. All are graduates of an accredited PA program, and two-thirds have a Master’s Degree or higher. While PA’s practice in all 50 states and abroad, the greatest concentration is in the Northeast and Northwest, and a few central states. Over 25% of PA’s practice in a primary care setting and another 23% are in a surgical or emergency care specialty. Demand for PA’s is growing; according to a recent NCCPA survey, 78.1% of recent PA program graduates had multiple job offers from which to choose. As the profession grows, additional career options are opening up in health care policy and administration and in higher education..
In 2013, 7,504 people took the PANCE, most for the first time. Overall, 94.3% passed the exam the first time they took it.
In order to take the PANCE, you must have been graduated from a PA program accredited by the Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant (ARC-PA). Certain exceptions apply to those who completed their education prior to 1994. You have up to 6 years after graduation to sit for the exam, and you may take it up to six times within that period in order to achieve a passing score.
You may apply to the NCCPA for authorization to take the PANCE no sooner than 90 days before you expect to complete your PA programs graduation requirements. Once your application materials and pre-paid $475 application fee are processed, the NCCPA will send you an acknowledgement letter via e-mail, along with instructions for scheduling your exam. You will be given a window beginning 7 days after your expected PA program completion date, and extending out 180 days in which to take the PANCE.
If you do not pass your test, you can take it again as many as 6 times, but no more frequently than 3 times per year. You must wait at least 90 days between attempts. You will have a total of 6 years in which to pass the PANCE; if you fail on yo
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Viguera Ruiz, Rebeca Books
Dr. Viguera Ruiz is the Director of History in The Institute of Local Studies of La Roja. She obtained her Ph.D. in Contemporary History at the University of La Roja.
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Viguera Ruiz, Rebeca Books
Dr. Viguera Ruiz is the Director of History in The Institute of Local Studies of La Roja. She obtained her Ph.D. in Contemporary History at the University of La Roja.2012 0-7734-2612-4
This book is an important contribution to the history of Spanish liberalism, as well as a study of the exile communities of 19th century Europe, detailing the political encounters and exchanges that were generated. Many exiles left their co
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At some point in your life, you will face an emergency or a
disaster situation whether it is natural or man-made. The outcome of the
disaster will largely depend on how prepared you are to face the
An home emergency kit
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At some point in your life, you will face an emergency or a
disaster situation whether it is natural or man-made. The outcome of the
disaster will largely depend on how prepared you are to face the
An home emergency kit is vital. This kit should contain supplies and instructions
that will allow your family to survive 72 hours without help from the
emergency providers in your community. The make up of your kit will
depend on where you live, the number of people in your family, and the
specific needs of your family. Some of the items that should be placed
in the kit include:
A standard flashlight for each member of your family.
Two sets of replacement batteries for each flashlight.
Enough blankets, or sleeping bags, for the family.
A complete first aid kit with instructions.
A portable battery-operated radio with extra batteries. (It is best if it uses the same batteries as the flashlights)
One (1) gallon of water per person per day.
Canned or non-perishable food that requires no preparation.
A current supply of prescription medications as needed.
The emergency kit should be stored in or near the area in your home
designated as your shelter. The kit should be in a waterproof
container(s) and the supplies should be checked and inventoried every
six months. The batteries in the kit should be replaced every time you
inventory the supplies.
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Presentation on theme: "Development of a Coupled Solar- Biological System for the Disinfection and Elimination of Organic Contaminants in Drinking and WasteWaters in Rural Areas."— Presentation transcript:
Development of a Coupled Solar- Biological
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Presentation on theme: "Development of a Coupled Solar- Biological System for the Disinfection and Elimination of Organic Contaminants in Drinking and WasteWaters in Rural Areas."— Presentation transcript:
Development of a Coupled Solar- Biological System for the Disinfection and Elimination of Organic Contaminants in Drinking and WasteWaters in Rural Areas of Colombia (BIOSOLAR-DETOX)
Responsibles Dr. Cesar Pulgarin Dr. Cesar Pulgarin Dr. Janeth Sanabria Dr. Janeth Sanabria Dr. Norberto Benitez Dr. Norberto Benitez Dr. Miguel Peña Dr. Miguel Peña
Scientific targets 1. Drinking Water Treatment by Coupling of Filtration and Helio Photocatalytic Processes 2. Domestic Wastewater Reusing in Agricultural Activities after Combined Biological Helio- Photocatalytic Treatment 3. Agroindustrial wastewater treatment by a coupled Helio-photocatalytical-biological system
Schematic Representation of the Water Uses in the Colombian Water Cycle
Non Treated Domestic Waste- Waters Natural Receptors highly Contaminated
Water disinfection Chlorination is a widely used technique for the disinfection of water. Its bacterial inactivation effect has been proven but a great concern is that chemical risks could be enhanced due to by-products formed during the chlorination process. Chlorination is a widely used technique for the disinfection of water. Its bacterial inactivation effect has been proven but a great concern is that chemical risks could be enhanced due to by-products formed during the chlorination process. Therefore, the necessity to find low cost, environmental friendly and sustainable alternative, or complement, to chlorination.
Disinfectants and disinfection-by products (DBPs) apparition of chemical risk to human Chlorine Chlorine chlorine dioxide chlorine dioxide chloramine chloramine Ozone Ozone hydrogen peroxide hydrogen peroxide THMs: CHCl 3, CHCl 2 Br, CHClBr 2, CHBr 3 haloacetates, haloacetonitriles, haloacetaldehydes, haloketones, halofuranones, chloropicrin, chlorate aldehydes, carboxylic acids Halogenated compounds, chlorite, chlorate Cyanogen, chloride and others generally thought to be the same DBPs as chlorine, but lower concentration Bromate, hydrogen peroxide bromomethanes, bromoacetates, bromoaldehydes, bromoketones, iodinated Analogs, aldehydes, carboxylic acids Carboxylic acids UV Not DBPs
3. Agroindustrial wastewater treatment by a coupled Helio-photocatalytical-biological system
PESTICIDES AND POLLUTION Aerial and manual pesticides application Cleaning recipients
ParameterValue COD (mg O 2 /l) 108.7 pH (Unit) 6.81 Temperature (° C) 26.0 Turbidity (UNT) 1.4 Flow (l/s) 1.85 Inicial wastewater characterization
Expected Results: Agroindustrial wastewater treatment by a coupled Helio- photocatalytical-biological system
Project Partners OTHER INSTITUTIONS NETHERLANS EMBASSY EMCALI COLCIENCIAS Group of Coupled Chemical-Biological Processes (ENAC-LBE) Dr. Cesar Pulgarin Dr. Sandra Parra EIER Dr. Amadou Hama Maiga Dr. Joseph Wethe Dr. María de la Fuente EIDENAR Dr Janeth Sanabria MSc. Luz E. Barba Chemical Eng. School Dr. Fiderman Machuca MSc. Carlos Dierolf Chemical Dept. Dr. Norberto BenitezDr. Miguel Peña UNIVALLE-GAOX Ecole Inter Etats d’Ingenieurs de l’Equipement Rural
Different Work-Packages WPName Beginning (month) Ending (month) 1Scientific Studies Drinking Waters024 2Scientific Studies Waste-Waters024 3Design, optimization and coupling of reactors 1936 4Technological evaluation in real scale3742 5Technology diffusion 0 48 6Project management048
Student’s Group Microbiological components Reactor components Chemistry components M.Sc. Students Sandra Rivera Doctoral Students Diana Serrano M.Sc. Students Andres López Doctoral Students José Colina M.Sc. Students Dorance Becerra Luis Ferney Gonzalez Doctoral Students Alejandro Moncayo Claudia Mendoza Doctoral Students Julian Rengifo
Realized tasks Selection of Student groupSelection of Student group Selection of the study place Selection of the study place Acquisition of material and equipment Acquisition of material and equipment Space arrangements and laboratories conditioning Space arrangements and laboratories conditioning Bibliographic review Bibliographic review Chemical and microbiological initial characterization of samples Chemical and microbiological initial characterization of samples Definition of first step in collaboration between UV- CINARA-EIER Definition of first step in collaboration between UV- CINARA-EIER Agreement for the supply of demonstrative solar prototype by a Spanish photoreactor maker. Agreement for the supply of demonstrative solar prototype by a Spanish photoreactor maker.
Photocatalysis as post-treatment of biologically treated wastewaters in the framework of water reuse in agriculture Le système de traitement biologique comporte 4 bassins: réacteur UASB (1), lagune anaérobie (2), lagune contenant des plantes aquatiques (3), lagune facultative (4). Schéma Représentatif de la Estación de Investigación y Transferencia de Tecnología en el Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales y Re - uso de Ginebra- Valle.
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Researchers at the University of Oxford have developed a cheap and reliable diagnostic test for a rare form of cancer. The test involves screening tumour samples for a particular molecular fingerprint unique to this type of cancer.
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell
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Researchers at the University of Oxford have developed a cheap and reliable diagnostic test for a rare form of cancer. The test involves screening tumour samples for a particular molecular fingerprint unique to this type of cancer.
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is a disorder which causes the development of benign but often painful tumours in the skin and, in females, in the uterus. Between one in six and one in ten people affected by the disorder will go on to develop an aggressive form of kidney cancer called papillary renal cell cancer. The condition often strikes people in their twenties.
The disorder is caused by mutations, which may be inherited, in a gene responsible for the production of an enzyme known as fumarate hydratase (FH). This leads to an accumulation within cells of fumarate, which promotes the development of cancer cells.
Now, in a study published in The Journal of Pathology, an international team of scientists led by researchers at the Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, have identified a particular protein modification which is induced by FH deficiency (and hence an over-abundance of fumarate). This alteration is unique to this type of tumour and can hence be used as a biomarker a biological 'fingerprint' to identify tumours caused by this mechanism.
The researchers have developed a test for this protein modification which can be carried out in less than two hours and will identify tumours with FH mutations. This approach is much more cost effective than genetic testing of all possible cases using DNA sequencing. They show that screening cases of papillary renal cell cancer using this new test allows them to identify undiagnosed cases of HLRCC for genetic testing. They believe this test should be applied to all cases of papillary renal cell cancer to identify those with FH mutations, allowing advice to be provided to their families on their own relative risks of developing the disorder and associated kidney cancer.
"Cancer can be caused by many different risk factors, but if we can pinpoint rapidly and accurately the particular type of tumour, we can provide more accurate advice to patients and their families, and perha
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The effects of branding and visual identity on
contemporary South African culture: Luxury brands versus counterfeits.
According to someone called Blackett branding refers to “the forming of an impression about an object or to the object used in forming this impression
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The effects of branding and visual identity on
contemporary South African culture: Luxury brands versus counterfeits.
According to someone called Blackett branding refers to “the forming of an impression about an object or to the object used in forming this impression.” In ancient Rome potters marked their finished clay products with thumb prints and other markings while the clay was still wet to set them apart from other potters’ products. However, even as early as the Roman Empire there is evidence that fong kongs (cheap imitations) existed. Makers of inferior pots imitated the marks of the well-known potters in a bid to trick the paying public. By passing their goods off as authentic goods counterfeiters are literally eating off the brand and identity of authentic luxury brands.
South Africa and its ‘black diamonds’
Our current society is premised on the pursuit of personal power through brands more commonly referred to as labels. This is particularly true of South Africa given the growth of the economy and the rapid growth of the black middle class. Due to their increased wealth, purchases of luxury cars, houses and branded luxury clothing can be attributed to this group.
The luxury industry is quite established in South Africa. It is so established that an organisation called the South African Luxury Association was established in 2009. This organisation was established for the ‘purpose of helping to establish a solid foundation for the luxury and premium lifestyle
industries in So
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For believers in Jesus the Messiah, the dating of Pentecost is one of the most exquisite examples of type and fulfillment in the Scriptures. Pentecost means fifty, and is actually fifty days from another feast, First Fruits. These calculations
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For believers in Jesus the Messiah, the dating of Pentecost is one of the most exquisite examples of type and fulfillment in the Scriptures. Pentecost means fifty, and is actually fifty days from another feast, First Fruits. These calculations are explained in Leviticus 23:10–11, 15–17. The feast of First Fruits was to occur on the day after the Sabbath (verse 11), which was always the Sunday of Passover week. Pentecost, then, was the day after the seventh following Sabbath (verses 15–16), which would be the fiftieth day after First Fruits and also on a Sunday.
The fulfillment of these feasts is striking. Jesus died the Friday of Passover week and had to be buried hastily before sunset, which was when the Sabbath began. His body remained in the borrowed sepulchre throughout the Sabbath day, but on that Sunday morning, when the priest was to offer the First Fruits offering in the Temple, Christ arose from the dead, the first fruits of them that slept (I Cor. 15:20).
For forty ensuing days, the Lord appeared to His disciples in His resurrection body, and then ascended into Heaven. Ten days later, the Sunday of the Feast of Pentecost, the Holy Spirit descended upon the believers in Jerusalem and created the ekklesia, the called out body of Christ, the church. These fulfillments were obviously no coincidence, but were part of the overall plan and purpose of God in verifying the powerful meaning of the death and resurrection of Christ, and the establishment of the new body of believers.
From then on, the Jewish believers in Christ must have repeatedly informed the people of Israel about the nature of the fulfillment of Passover, First Fruits and Pentecost. It must have made a great impact on the Jewish people who lived between the resurrection of Christ and the destruction of the Temple in 70 AD, a span of about forty years.
The Rabbis’ Problem with Vagueness
This brings us to the explanation of First Fruits and Pentecost offered in a recent article by Moshe Kohn in the Jerusalem Post. Students of the New Testament might well be mystified over the tortured reasoning concerning what he perceives as the singular vagueness in the Torah about these two feasts:
It is strange that of all the festivals the Torah ordains, Shavuot [Weeks, Pentecost] alone the anniversary of the event that marks the birth of the Jewish people is given no specific date. The Torah only tells us that at a vaguely specified time during Pessah, from the day after the shabbat … there shall be seven full weeks. Till the day after the seventh shabbat you shall count 50 days (Leviticus 23:15–16).
Why is the day after the Sabbath considered vague? It seems pretty definite to us! It means the day after Saturday, that is, Sunday. This is the way the Sadducees and the later Jewish sect of the Karaites understood the Scriptures, as Kohn explains:
This vague formulation was in dispute between Jewish sectarians and the Sages. The Sadducees maintained that shabbat in this passage is a proper noun referring to the weekly Shabbat.
According to this understanding, accepted by the Karaites and Samaritans, the omer count begins the first Sunday after the first Shabbat of Pessah, so that Shavuot always falls on Sunday seven weeks later (as it happens to fall this year).
The normal Saturday meaning of the Sabbath in this passage was the view of the Sadducees. They were the priestly party and had control of the Temple, where the feasts were focused until the Temple was destroyed. The view of the Sadducees appears to be supported by the Septuagint, which was the translation from Hebrew to Greek by Jewish scholars in Egypt around 180 BC. In rendering the two Hebrew words mimmacharat hashabbat (on the morrow after the Sabbath) in Lev. 23:11, they used the Greek word protos (first). This would indicate the first day of the week, or Sunday. Thus, the Septuagintsuggests that the Sunday First Fruits and Pentecost was observed throughout the centuries before the First Coming of the Messiah.
However, Kohn explains that the Sages, the rabbis who compiled the Talmud after the destruction of the Temple, had a very different interpretation of the term Sabbath in this passage:
The Sages’ view … was that this shabbat is the generic for day of rest, referring to the first day of Pessah. Accordingly, the count begins the second day of Pessah rather the night before and Shavuot always falls on Sivan 6.
No less strange is that the Torah doesn’t name this 50th day as the day of the Mount Sinai event. Again it is the talmudic Sages who ruled that the date is Sivan 6. (Shabbat 6b, Pessahim 68b)
Now, this
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Elizabethan style oozes tradition and heritage. Britain's Queen Elizabeth I reigned from 1558 to 1603, a period of exploration and great social change. Decorative fashion was influenced by new styles from Spain and France, and
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Elizabethan style oozes tradition and heritage. Britain's Queen Elizabeth I reigned from 1558 to 1603, a period of exploration and great social change. Decorative fashion was influenced by new styles from Spain and France, and decor and furniture reflected the social status of the household. Unless you were a serf, Elizabethan houses had large rooms with minimal furniture. Each room had a purpose -- dining, greeting, dancing, meeting -- unlike our multifunctional rooms today. With a little imagination, it is simple to achieve the Elizabethan look in key rooms in your home.
Cover at least one wall in panels of dark wood. Carved panelled walls, usually in oak, were the order of the day, adding a decorative and warm touch in the draughty, cavernous halls of the Elizabethan house.
Panel just the lower part of the wall if you are on a budget. This is called wainscoting. Lightweight veneered panels slot together to give the appearance of solid wood. An alternative is to use panel-effect wallpaper for a lighter look.
Paint any remaining wall space in matt heritage colours. Deeper, richer colours, such as dark red or olive green, denoted higher rank in Elizabethan times. Finish the walls with decorative crown moulding around the ceiling in an acanthus leaf or rose design.
Hang tapestries in rich fabrics on walls and use intricate woven rugs on wooden or matt tiled floors for warmth underfoot.
Reflect the Elizabethan era with carved, ornamented furniture. Choose solid, heavy wooden cupboards to store crockery and linen. Position them centrally along walls.
Surround a refectory-style table with wooden dining chairs. Imitate the Elizabethan style by covering armrests, seats and backs with padded tapestry. Ensure the table has stretcher rails between its legs to act as footrests.
Update the uncomfortable style of Elizabethan seating with a modern version of the settle, a wooden high-backed bench. Upholster the seat and back with generous padding and cover with sumptuous fabric in rich colours.
Add splendour to your bedroom by investing in a four-poster bed with a wooden headboard. Hang velvet drapes from the posts, as Elizabethans did to keep out the cold. Place a wooden chest at the foot of the bed, adorned with a bowl of fragrant herbs or potpourri.
Bring an authentic touch to your room with a Bible box. Use a carved wooden chest as a side table large enough to hold a family Bible. Leave the wood naturally unfinished or coat with beeswax.
Establish an air of pageantry and splendour with heraldic elements. Use swords on long, narrow walls, hang shields in a boxy alcove and display your family coat of arms prominently at the entrance to your home.
Create a sense of history by hanging reproductions of Elizabethan portraits and landscapes next to the tapestries on the walls. Decorate smaller rooms with miniature portraits in ornate silver frames.
Reflect the Elizabethan motifs of flora and fauna in soft furnishings. Use drapes, cushions and throws to soften the heaviness of wooden furniture. Replace covers with embroidered linen, velvet or tapestry embellished with running hares, nymphs or the Tudor rose.
Display pewter, silver or walnut crafted pieces on cupboards or tables. Choose acanthus leaf, grape or floral designs to imitate
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Join Ian Robinson for an in-depth discussion in this video Using challenges, part of Mograph Techniques: Modeling and Animating with Cinema 4D Cloners.
This course includes a video called a Challenge. A challenge is a quick activity to
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Join Ian Robinson for an in-depth discussion in this video Using challenges, part of Mograph Techniques: Modeling and Animating with Cinema 4D Cloners.
This course includes a video called a Challenge. A challenge is a quick activity to give you a hands on opportunity to practice and master what you've been learning. I'll start the challenge, by describing your core objectives for the activity. If the challenge involves any sample files, I'll tell you where to find them. I'll also give you a rough estimate, as to how much time it took me to complete the challenge. When you've completed a challenge, make sur
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Location: Wheat, Sorghum and Forage ResearchTitle: Herbaceous Perennials: Placement, benefits and incorporation challenges in diversified landscapes Author
|Mitchell, Robert - Rob|
|Richard Jr, Edward|
Submitted to: Sustainable Feed
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Location: Wheat, Sorghum and Forage ResearchTitle: Herbaceous Perennials: Placement, benefits and incorporation challenges in diversified landscapes Author
|Mitchell, Robert - Rob|
|Richard Jr, Edward|
Submitted to: Sustainable Feedstocks for Advanced Biofuels
Publication Type: Book / Chapter
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/10/2011
Publication Date: 9/27/2011
Publication URL: http://handle.nal.usda.gov/10113/477821
Citation: Mitchell, R., Owens, V., Gutterson, N., Richard Jr, E.P., Barney, J. 2011. Herbaceous Perennials: Placement, benefits and incorporation challenges in diversified landscapes. Sustainable Feedstocks for Advanced Biofuels. 6:84-98. Interpretive Summary: Although there is no one-size-fits-all bioenergy feedstock, herbaceous perennial feedstocks will fill numerous and critical roles in the bioenergy landscape. First, perennials do not have the annual establishment requirements and assoc
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There’s no doubt about it; Scandinavia has offshore wind, and Scandinavia is developing offshore wind power. Not content, apparently, to let Norway get too far ahead in developing this promising source of renewable energy, Sweden is now getting in on
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There’s no doubt about it; Scandinavia has offshore wind, and Scandinavia is developing offshore wind power. Not content, apparently, to let Norway get too far ahead in developing this promising source of renewable energy, Sweden is now getting in on the act with the Hexicon, a floating offshore wind power plant.
The Hexicon was named because of its unconventional formation, which features a number of turbines in the familiar geometrical formation linked by a central hub. The 360m (1181ft) diameter platform can accommodate seven to eight large turbines, according to GreenMuze, and is capable of generating 40MW of power.
The Hexicon wind plant was designed to function in any kind of weather conditions virtually maintenance-free, thanks to something called the Fagerdala Hull-System, which apparently reduces service needs and extends the lifespan of the platform. The manufacturers see the Hexicon as a flexible solution for creating a sustainable energy source with reduced costs and improved aesthetics.
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Survival statistics for brain and spinal cord cancer
Survival statistics for brain and spinal cord cancer are very general estimates and must be interpreted very carefully. Because these statistics are based on the experience of groups of people, they cannot be used to predict
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Survival statistics for brain and spinal cord cancer
Survival statistics for brain and spinal cord cancer are very general estimates and must be interpreted very carefully. Because these statistics are based on the experience of groups of people, they cannot be used to predict a particular person’s chances of survival.
There are many different ways to measure and report cancer survival statistics. Your doctor can explain the statistics for brain and spinal cord cancer and what they mean to you.
Statistics are not always available for all types of brain and spinal cord tumours, often because they are rare or hard to classify.
Net survival represents the probability of surviving cancer in the absence of other causes of death. It is used to give an estimate of the percentage of people who will survive their cancer.
In Canada, 5-year net survival statistics are reported for brain and spinal cord cancer combined. This statistic does not necessarily reflect the actual survival for the individual cancers within the group. The 5-year net survival for all brain and spinal cord cancers is 24%. This means that, on average, people diagnosed with brain and spinal cord cancer are 24% as likely to live at least 5 years after their diagnosis as people in the general population.
Relative survival compares the survival for a group of people with cancer to the survival expected for a group of people in the general population who share the same characteristics as the people with cancer (such as age, sex and place of residence). Ideally, the group of people used in the general population would not include people with cancer, but this estimate can be difficult to obtain. As a result, relative survival can sometimes be overestimated.
Brain tumour survival may be reported as median survival statistics. Median survival is the period of time (usually months or years) at which half of the people with cancer are still alive. The other half will live less than this amount of time.
Survival by prognostic factors
Survival varies with each grade and particular type or subtype of brain and spinal cord cancer. The following factors can also affect survival for brain and spinal cord cancer. However, survival rates for brain tumours will vary widely, depending on the type of tumour, its grade and the location in the brain.
- Low-grade tumours have a more favourable prognosis than high-grade tumours.
- People younger than 65 years of age have a more favourable prognosis.
- People with a better performance status and neurological status have a more favourable prognosis.
- Tumours that can be surgically removed have a more favourable prognosis than tumours that can be partially removed or not removed.
- Tumours that are in parts of the brain where they cannot be easily removed by surgery have lower survival rates.
Survival statistics for gliomas
The numbers given below are the most current statistics available. However, they represent people who were diagnosed and treated many years ago. Improvements in treatment since then means that for people being diagnosed now, the survival rates may be higher.
|Type of tumour||Age||5-year relative survival||Median survival|
greater than 90%
|Type of tumour||Age||5-year relative survival|
|Type of tumour||Age||5-year relative survival|
ependymoma (grade I and II) and
anaplastic ependymoma (grade III)
Survival rates for those 65 or older are usually lower.
Survival statistics for other brain and spinal cord tumours
- meningioma (grade I) – About 80% of people remain progression-free 10 years after their diagnosis.
- atypical meningioma (grade II) – About 35% of people remain progression-free 10 years after their diagnosis.
- anaplastic or malignant meningioma (grade III) – These tumours have a median survival of less than 2 years.
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL)
- The median progression-free survival is approximately 12.8 months with chemotherapy alone and up to 5 years with combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Brain metastases and spinal cord metastases
- Median survival ranges from 7–24 weeks.
- Survival varies depending on the site of the primary cancer.
Questions about survival
People with cancer should talk to their doctor about their prognosis. Prognosis depends on many factors, including:
- your health history
- type of cancer
- characteristics of the cancer
- treatments chosen
- how the cancer responds to treatment
Only a doctor familiar with these factors can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis.
Great progress has been made
Some cancers, such as thyroid and testicular, have survival rates of over 90%. Other cancers, such as pancreatic, brain and esophage
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Games for dyslexia should be fun and educational. Fun activities can help children learn spelling, reading, and mathematics in a non-threatening way. All children like to play games especially if they feel that they can win at least some of the time
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Games for dyslexia should be fun and educational. Fun activities can help children learn spelling, reading, and mathematics in a non-threatening way. All children like to play games especially if they feel that they can win at least some of the time.
Word games for dyslexia can help children find spelling patterns. Word patterns can help children learn to read and spell.
My children like to play rhyming games. I will think of an ending sound such as "at" my children then go though the alphabet finding words that end with "at" such as bat. If they write a letter combination that is not a word and they think that it is they need to look up the word in the dictionary. You can give points for correct words.
Rhyming words can also be played with long vowel sounds. Try ate or ake. When you assign eat make sure that your child also spells the eet words. Assign extra points for beet and feat.
You can make it more game like by dividing a paper plate into sections. On each section of the plate write an ending sound. Make a spinner out of cardboard and a brad. Have the child spin and make words. You could also give your child a time limit for making the words.
If you have two or more children with similar abilities you can play word bingo. There are bingo games that you can buy or you can make your own with words your child is familiar with.
I have made word match games that the children I have worked with have enjoyed. On set of cards draw different pictures. If you do not draw well you can use clip art. On another set of cards write the names of the items. Place the cards face down on a table. The child is to match the drawing to the written word.
There are some board games that would be good to have. Board games can be difficult for children who have difficulty with verbal recall. You could try to get the child used to the game by letting him play with the pieces and reading the game manual.
Games for dyslexia can also include math games. Some children struggle with math facts. One way to help is to count something at least once a day. Count how many raisins in a box. Eat some and count again. Count a hundred marbles. Have your child count his toys. When you are counting make it a game. Count the items with him. Do silly things like grab some marbles while he is counting.
When your child is learning to multiply, have him count by twos, fives, tens, etc. When you are folding laundry, have your child match the socks. Have him count by two to see how many socks there are. Make up silly stories such as how many sock would three octopi need. Have your child group the socks to show you.
Dice games can be helpful for teaching math. Have your child roll two dice together and add the dice. Yatzee is a good game to teach both addition and multiplication. Educational and game store also sell dice with more sides than six.
You can make a multiplication bingo game using the multiplication fact sheet. You call out the equation and your child marks off the answer on the sheet.
None of my games for dyslexia are researched based. They are fun activities that I have used with my own children and other children that I have worked with.
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It has been reported by The Sun, that there has been a rise in “toasted skin” conditions caused by laptop users resting devices on their laps for prolonged periods of time.
The report tells of a 12-year-old boy that suffered “
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It has been reported by The Sun, that there has been a rise in “toasted skin” conditions caused by laptop users resting devices on their laps for prolonged periods of time.
The report tells of a 12-year-old boy that suffered “a sponge-patterned skin discolouration” on parts of his thighs after several months of long gaming hours each day. A similar effect was found on a student from Virginia, in the U.S. She needed treatment for an irregular skin pattern after her laptop reached temperatures of 52C (125F) on its base, whilst she had it sitting on her lap for up to six hours a day.
“Toasted skin syndrome” and its conditions have now been published in the journal Paediatrics by Swiss researchers. Its is said that it can also be caused by heat sources which may not be hot enough to cause actual burns.
While classed as generally harmless, the condition can permanently darken the skin. In some rare cases can lead to skin cancer and with prolonged periods reduce sperm production. Suggestions are that if you need to work with your laptop on your legs to use a carry case or heatsheild as protection.
It is worth pointing out that the major manufacturers such as Apple,Dell and Hewlett Packard, do warn against use of their laptops in this way. Check out The Sun for more information and tell us if this will change the way you position your portable device?
Also See: Review of ASUS Ultra Portable Laptop
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From The Root:
The next time some right-wing commentator (Pat Buchanan, are you listening?) bellows about how white people built America, a tour of New York City could be used to point out how the slave trade (i.e., the
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From The Root:
The next time some right-wing commentator (Pat Buchanan, are you listening?) bellows about how white people built America, a tour of New York City could be used to point out how the slave trade (i.e., the labor of enslaved Africans) contributed to the creation of this country’s financial center.
The very name “Wall Street” is born of slavery, with enslaved Africans building a wall in 1653 to protect Dutch settlers from Indian raids. This walkway and wooden fence, made up of pointed logs and running river to river, later was known as Wall Street, the home of world finance. Enslaved and free Africans were largely responsible for the construction of the early city, first by clearing land, then by building a fort, mills, bridges, stone houses, the first city hall, the docks, the city prison, Dutch and English churches, the city hospital and Fraunc
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You may curse your "slow" metabolism when you watch your thin co-worker go for a second slice of cake at lunch as you munch on your greens trying to lose the extra 20 pounds you've been carrying since college. However, it's
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You may curse your "slow" metabolism when you watch your thin co-worker go for a second slice of cake at lunch as you munch on your greens trying to lose the extra 20 pounds you've been carrying since college. However, it's highly unlikely that you suffer from a slow metabolism, according to MayoClinic.com. For the most part, your metabolism, which is how your body turns food into energy, is relatively fixed. While you can't turn your metabolism into a high metabolism, making changes to your exercise routine can give it a boost. Consult your doctor before starting any new exercise program.
Before you embark on a new exercise program, it's important to understand how your metabolism works. Most of the calories your metabolism burns, 60 to 75 percent, are used to maintain basic body functions such as breathing and circulation, and it is a number you cannot change. The digestion and absorption of food accounts for another 10 percent and is also a fixed number. The rest, 15 to 30 percent, comes from physical activity, including any movement you make, whether it's brushing your teeth or going for a 5-mile jog, and that's the only number you have any control over.
If you want to boost your metabolism, you need to increase your everyday activity. You can start by adding 30 minutes of aerobic exercise, such as walking, biking or swimming, most days of the week. A 160-pound person can burn more than 400 calories swimming laps for an hour. Adding activity to your daily routine also helps you burn a few extra calories; this includes taking the stairs, parking at the far end of the parking lot and standing whenever you're on the phone.
In addition to aerobic exercise, you also need to add strength training to your exercise routine. Replacing your fat with lean muscle helps you burn more calories. One pound of muscle burns seven to 10 calories a day, compared to the two to three calories for 1 pound of fat. You need to devote at least two days a week to building your muscles, and the exercises should work out all the major muscle groups -- arms, shoulders, chest, abs, back and legs. Each 30-minute strength-training workout also helps you burn another 150 calories.
High-Intensity Interval Training
High-intensity interval training, or HIIT, not only helps you burn calories while exercising, but also boosts your metabolism after you're done. HIIT alternates periods of intense exercise with periods of rest over a defined period of time; for example, alternating 60 seconds of walking and sprinting for 25 minutes, starting with a warm-up and followed by a cool-down. HIIT can boost your post-workout metabolism for 1.5 to 24 hours, according to Michael Bracko, Ed.D., FACSM, in an article by the American College of Sports Medicine.
- MayoClinic.com: Metabolism and Weight Loss: How You Burn Calories
- MayoClinic.com: Exercise for Weight Loss: Calories Burned in 1 Hour
- American Council on Exercise: Nutrition -- Fitness Q & A
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: How Much Physical Activity Do Adults Need?
- American College of Sports Medicine: For All-Day Metabolism Boost, Try Interval Training
- Ryan McVay/Photodisc/Getty Images
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Handbuch Zur Deutschen Grammatik: Wiederholen und Anwenden
[The book] is a reference and review grammar for second- and third- year German students who are familiar with the basics of German vocabulary and grammar.
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Handbuch Zur Deutschen Grammatik: Wiederholen und Anwenden
[The book] is a reference and review grammar for second- and third- year German students who are familiar with the basics of German vocabulary and grammar. It can be used either as a primary text or as a reference manual in conjunction with other materials, such as literature readers. Its goal is two-fold: (1) to present clear and complete explanations of all major grammar topics, and (2) to provide meaningful, communicative practice of those topics. There is abundant oral group and pair work, as well as generous attention to writing strategies, the material can be used in course sequences lasting anywhere from one to four semesters (one to six quarters). -Introd. [The book] is more than just a grammar review. It is also a reference book, a
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Why Do Natives Receive Special Privileges?
I am a Canadian. I was born in Prince George in 1975. I have lived in British Columbia almost all of my life. I myself have several native friends. However I find myself curious
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Why Do Natives Receive Special Privileges?
I am a Canadian. I was born in Prince George in 1975. I have lived in British Columbia almost all of my life. I myself have several native friends. However I find myself curious that they have many advantages that I do not. I have a couple of examples here. I go to school and have to pay for my education. My native friends go to school and get paid to go. My native friends also get preference in any government job. I feel that this strains my friendship with them. While it's good that they get these benefits, I cannot help but wonder what makes them special. They were born here in Canada, as was I. We all went to the same schools. We all participated in the same sports, community events, and leisure activities. Why do they get such preference?
Thanks for your note. The whole issue about the status of natives in Canada is a complex one, and it sounds as if you're going about it the right way. I think that the best approach to dealing with these issues is from the ground up: the more people understand the day-to-day life of native people, including the implications of living on reserves and under the Indian Act, the easier it is to find common ground and understanding about the big issues, like treaties or constitutional changes.
The question of special privileges being accorded to natives gets discussed a lot, which, quite frankly, often surprises me. Considering that, as a group, natives are generally the most impoverished in our country, the most likely to be living in third world conditions and suffering from third world illnesses--it's ironic that at the same time most people seem to regard them as being the most "privileged" people in Canada.
You mention that your friends have their school paid for them and that they get pref
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grade level: 6–8 | first year Chinese
China’s Hygiene Education for Children during 1950s lesson plan uses two online Chinese public health posters from 1950s as primary sources. Students view the healthy daily activities depicted
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grade level: 6–8 | first year Chinese
China’s Hygiene Education for Children during 1950s lesson plan uses two online Chinese public health posters from 1950s as primary sources. Students view the healthy daily activities depicted on the posters and acquire new vocabulary and grammar in Chinese.
grade level 9–12 | grades with three or more years of Chinese Language
Mobilizing People: Public Health Campaigns in China uses several online Chinese public health posters from latter part of the 1900s and early 2000 as primary sources. Students work with these posters, applying their existing knowledge of spoken and written Chinese as well as acquiring new vocabularies.
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CAMDEN, NEW JERSEY
THE WEST JERSEY FERRY
aka The Market Street Ferry
West Jersey Ferry
Captain John G. Hutchison was superintendent of the ferry for over 30 years, beginning in 185
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CAMDEN, NEW JERSEY
THE WEST JERSEY FERRY
aka The Market Street Ferry
West Jersey Ferry
Captain John G. Hutchison was superintendent of the ferry for over 30 years, beginning in 1857.
Click on Image to Enlarge
built in 1879 for
Click on Image to Enlarge
of Camden County, New Jersey
THE WEST JERSEY FERRY, familiarly known as "The Market Street Ferry," extends from Market Street, Camden, to Market Street, Philadelphia, and is now, and has long been one of the leading lines of· transportation across the Delaware between the two cities.
This ferry was established about 1800 by Abraham Browning, Sr., an intelligent and enterprising farmer of the territory now braced in Stockton Township. His father-in-law, George Genge, at that time had a board-yard at the foot of the street. Abraham Browning built a ferry-house on the south side of Market Street, on the site the large store building of the Taylor Brothers, on the corner of Market Street and Second.
He also put up stables for the reception of horses and vehicles, as the boats at that time used on this ferry, as on all others on Delaware, were small row-boats or wherries and of insufficient size and capacity for conveyance of the market teams. Sails used to propel the wherries when the wind was fair, and in the absence of wind, oars were applied; but if the winds were adverse and strong, the boats awaited until the Fates were more propitious. Farmers usually unloaded their produce and left their tea the east side of the river, while they went to market or attended to other business in Philadelphia. Abraham Browning improved the accommodations for landing by adding sufficient wharfing. The original place of landing of his boats at the times of high tide, however, was near the site of his ferryhouse, a long distance inland from the present landing-place, all the land intervening being "made ground," in the language of the common populace. When he completed the erection of his ferry-house, Mr. Browning moved from his farm into it, and operated his ferry for about one year. Disliking the business, he had either as lessees or superintendents various parties, among whom were James Springer, Peter Farrow, Benjamin Springer, William S. Paul and Edward Browning. He continued to be the owner of this ferry until the time of his death, in 1836. It then passed into the possession of his heirs, who conducted it as their property until 1849. It was long known as the "Browning Ferry." In 1849 a charter was obtained, as is evidenced by the following:
"Whereas, Abraham Browning, Maurice Browning, Charles Browning, Edward Browning, Eleanor Browning and Catharine Browning now own the ferries between Market Street, in the city of Camden, and the city of Philadelphia, with the real estate, boats, ships and appendages belonging thereto, which property not being in its nature susceptible of division without great prejudice, and liable to embarrassment or inconvenience by death or other misfortune while thus jointly held, the said owners desire to be incorporated, that they may, with greater security to themselves and advantage to the public, improve said ferries."
The name was the West Jersey Ferry Company, and Abraham Genge, Maurice, Charles and Edward Browning were made directors by the act, to serve as such until October following, when others were to be elected and the number of directors increased to nine. This was the second of the ferries to pass into the hands of an incorporated company, the Federal Street Ferry having passed into the hands of the Camden and Philadelphia Ferry Company nine years before and the Kaighn's Point Ferry to the South Camden Ferry Company three years later.
The presidents of the company have been Joseph Porter, William Clark and James B. Dayton; secretaries and treasurers, Edward Browning, Isaac Porter, Amos Rudderow. Benjamin Sutton, was the first superintendent, taking charge in 1849, followed by Daniel Bishop, and in 1852 by William Morrell, who remained until January, 1857, when John G. Hutchinson, who had been master-mechanic, was appointed and has since continuously held the position.
When James Springer conducted the Ferry, in 1809, the boats landed within a short distance of the hotel on Front Street, but when the Browning heirs took charge, thirty years later, the shore was moved westward by wharfing, extending the slips and. filling up the low ground until the site of the terminus of the old ferry is many hundred feet inland, and the timbers of the Mariner, William Penn and Southwark lie buried under Delaware Street, where they were moored when no longer serviceable.
In 1849 the company buil
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T. BAILEY SAUNDERS, M.A.
THE WISDOM OF LIFE.
CHAPTER INTRODUCTION I. DIVISION OF THE SUBJECT II. PERSONALITY, OR WHAT A MAN IS III. PROPERTY, OR WHAT A MAN HAS
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T. BAILEY SAUNDERS, M.A.
THE WISDOM OF LIFE.
CHAPTER INTRODUCTION I. DIVISION OF THE SUBJECT II. PERSONALITY, OR WHAT A MAN IS III. PROPERTY, OR WHAT A MAN HAS IV. POSITION, OR A MAN'S PLACE IN THE ESTIMATION OF OTHERS— Sect. 1. Reputation " 2. Pride " 3. Rank " 4. Honor " 5. Fame
In these pages I shall speak of The Wisdom of Life in the common meaning of the term, as the art, namely, of ordering our lives so as to obtain the greatest possible amount of pleasure and success; an art the theory of which may be called Eudaemonology, for it teaches us how to lead a happy existence. Such an existence might perhaps be defined as one which, looked at from a purely objective point of view, or, rather, after cool and mature reflection—for the question necessarily involves subjective considerations,—would be decidedly preferable to non-existence; implying that we should cling to it for its own sake, and not merely from the fear of death; and further, that we should never like it to come to an end.
Now whether human life corresponds, or could possibly correspond, to this conception of existence, is a question to which, as is well-known, my philosophical system returns a negative answer. On the eudaemonistic hypothesis, however, the question must be answered in the affirmative; and I have shown, in the second volume of my chief work (ch. 49), that this hypothesis is based upon a fundamental mistake. Accordingly, in elaborating the scheme of a happy existence, I have had to make a complete surrender of the higher metaphysical and ethical standpoint to which my own theories lead; and everything I shall say here will to some extent rest upon a compromise; in so far, that is, as I take the common standpoint of every day, and embrace the error which is at the bottom of it. My remarks, therefore, will possess only a qualified value, for the very word eudaemonology is a euphemism. Further, I make no claims to completeness; partly because the subject is inexhaustible, and partly because I should otherwise have to say over again what has been already said by others.
The only book composed, as far as I remember, with a like purpose to that which animates this collection of aphorisms, is Cardan's De utilitate ex adversis capienda, which is well worth reading, and may be used to supplement the present work. Aristotle, it is true, has a few words on eudaemonology in the fifth chapter of the first book of his Rhetoric; but what he says does not come to very much. As compilation is not my business, I have made no use of these predecessors; more especially because in the process of compiling, individuality of view is lost, and individuality of view is the kernel of works of this kind. In general, indeed, the wise in all ages have always said the same thing, and the fools, who at all times form the immense majority, have in their way too acted alike, and done just the opposite; and so it will continue. For, as Voltaire says, we shall leave this world as foolish and as wicked as we f
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“Grandma, tell me about where you grew up?”
“What do you mean I look like Uncle Bob when he was a little boy?”
“You didn’t have a television OR an iPhone?!”
Who among us hasn’t heard the
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“Grandma, tell me about where you grew up?”
“What do you mean I look like Uncle Bob when he was a little boy?”
“You didn’t have a television OR an iPhone?!”
Who among us hasn’t heard the children in our families ask these sorts of questions or ponder what life was like back when their grandparents were their age? It is our own duty to honor our family histories and preserve a legacy for future generations.
Legacy matters. Heritage matters. The shared values and lessons that bind families matter. Details of everyday life add texture and meaning to what it means to be a family. As our matriarchs and patriarchs pass, so too go the stories they inherited from their elders.
Children want to know. And we need to help (and encourage!) them to learn about their past.
There are many ways to preserve your family’s legacy. Here are some suggestions:
Accumulate, curate and preserve old photographs
Who doesn’t enjoy looking through old family photographs? It’s amazing how much you can learn about earlier generations by looking at them in a photograph! Yet many of our family photographs are bundled haphazardly in a dusty shoebox in the attic or damp corner of the basement. Take the time to gather the photos together, ask other family members to share theirs, and begin to curate the collection. It may be painstaking work to track down living family members – and even more difficult to identify certain people in the photos – but the process itself is mostly enjoyable and the result well worth it. Buy acid free storage boxes or envelopes and Mylar sleeves to conserve the photos. If at all possible, arrange the images by year, subject, location or some other method of categorization.
Document your family history
The elder statesmen in the family can usually be encouraged to talk about the good old days. Some of the best family stories can be told when you allow parents and grandparents to reminisce, perhaps even prompted with a specific question. Create an oral history “project” in which you record, with audio or with written text, the rich history they have to share. Remember, the visual record of the past (photographs) can always be augmented with a voice. Future generations will surely benefit from having these oral histories.
Visit the sites of your family’s past
Your family history, much like America’s founding, is a story of great travel and settlement. Nothing makes the past come alive more than revisiting these great migrations and former homes. You can visit the childhood residences of past generations and see what has changed (or hasn’t). If your ancestors fought in a war, you can see these battlefields and the history museums that tell the story of the fight. And if you can trace your family history to “the old country,” why not take a trip and see the ancestral homeland? These journeys are as much a part of you as previous generations, and it is your obligation to future generations to make them a part of theirs as well.
Participate in a genealogy app
Ancestry.com. My Family Tree. Family Echo. There are countless family heritage and genealogy applications to help record and sort information you have collected. With little or no cost, these applications are a digital scrapbook of your lineage. They can be shared with those relatives you already know, and can be searched for relatives you don’t. Some options even allow you to have your DNA tested to find your very distant relatives. The genealogy apps will even lead you to professional genealogists who can provide detective work to uncover even the toughest family mysteries.
Go ahead. Your family deserves to have a family tree that can be looked at and referred to by the younger generations. If you show them how to preserve the family legacy, they will know how to do so when it is their turn.
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The aerial dogfight was not supposed to happen. On May 20, 1967, eight U.S. Air Force F-4C fighters were patrolling over North Vietnam when they spotted as many as 15 enemy MiG-17
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The aerial dogfight was not supposed to happen. On May 20, 1967, eight U.S. Air Force F-4C fighters were patrolling over North Vietnam when they spotted as many as 15 enemy MiG-17 fighters a short distance away.
Fog and the MiGs’ low altitude had prevented the F-4s from detecting the North Vietnamese jets from farther away.
Diving to attack, the twin-engine F-4s fired a staggering 24 Sparrow and Sidewinder missiles, shooting down just four of the single-engine MiGs. The North Vietnamese jets reacted quickly, forming into a tight-turning “wagon wheel,” with each pilot watching the tail of the man in front of him.
As the heavy, twin-engine F-4s tried to out-turn the nimble, single-engine MiGs, a North Vietnamese pilot peppered one of the American planes with cannon fire, igniting it and forcing the two crewmen to eject.
“The turning ability of the MiG-17 is fantastic,” one F-4 flier recalled later. “It must be seen to be believed.”
But the Air Force had assumed that wouldn’t be a problem — that its then-brand-new twin-seat F-4s would never even get into a close-range dogfight. Instead, the F-4s — and other Air Force and Navy fighters — would always destroy their enemies from long range, using the Sparrow and other air-to-air missiles.
It was a flawed and dangerous assumption that got scores of American aviators shot down over Vietnam. But many years later, the Air Force is assuming the same thing … with regards to its new F-35 stealth fighter.
In January 2015, the flying branch pitted a radar-evading F-35A against a 25-year-old F-16D in mock air combat. The F-35 proved too slow and sluggish to defeat the F-16 in a turning fight, according to the official test report that War Is Boring obtained.
But the Air Force says not to worry. “The F-35’s technology is designed to engage, shoot and kill its enemy from long distances, not necessarily in visual ‘dogfighting’ situations.”
The Air Force’s faith in long-range aerial warfare proved disastrous in Vietnam. There are good reasons to believe it will prove equally disastrous the first time squadrons of new F-35s fly into battle against a determined foe.
For the first four decades of air-to-air fighting, opposing planes mostly shot at each other with guns. Then in 1946, Navy engineer William Burdette McLean began work on a heat-seeking rocket — the Sidewinder, the first effective air-to-air missile.
Twelve years later, Washington outfitted Taiwanese F-86 fighters with the first combat-ready Sidewinders. In aerial battles over the Taiwan Strait, the F-86s shot down Communist Chinese MiG-17s — and seemingly changed air warfare forever. Soon, new and better missiles — some with radar guidance — were rolling out of laboratories all over the world.
The Air Force and its sister branches enthusiastically embraced the missile age, even dropping guns from many of its new warplane designs, including the early F-4Cs.
The new missile technology coincided with a shift in doctrine. The Pentagon decided that in future wars, jet fighters would climb high and fly fast to target Soviet long-range bombers, striving to hit them from far away before they could drop their atomic bombs.
American jets of the era were powerful but lacked agility. “Our tactical fighters were designed primarily for nuclear war where penetration was more important than maneuverability,” Air Force Gen. Bruce Holloway wrote in a 1968 issue of Air University Review.
But the next war America fought wasn’t global Armageddon with the Soviets. Instead, U.S. troops joined the South Vietnamese military battling a communist insurgency backed by North Vietnam’s own army and air force.
American military planners had bet on a high-tech war of atoms, electrons, rockets and high Mach numbers during straight-line flights. What they got were slow, twisting dogfights low over the forest canopy. It didn’t take long for the Air Force and Navy to realize their technology and tactics just didn’t work very well against Hanoi’s MiG
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Monday, 16 January 2017
Revolutions And Asteroids
Robert Heinlein's Future History: revolutions;
Larry Niven's Known Space History: asteroids;
Poul Anderson's Tales Of The Flying Mountains: the Asteroid Revolution
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Monday, 16 January 2017
Revolutions And Asteroids
Robert Heinlein's Future History: revolutions;
Larry Niven's Known Space History: asteroids;
Poul Anderson's Tales Of The Flying Mountains: the Asteroid Revolution!
In the twenty first century of the Known Space Timeline:
"Colonization of the Belt.
"Third Mars expedition.
"Belt becomes independent government.
"Interstellar ramrobots launched; UN-Belt cooperation.
"Colony slowboats launched."
-Larry Niven, Tales Of Known Space (New York, 1975), p. viii.
Their titles make the two Tales collections sound like companion volumes. In both histories, the Belt launches STL interstellar craft. Niven's Belters did not need a revolution unless it occurred between stories and was not mentioned in the Timeline.
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(Want some personalized health information and coaching as you make lifestyle changes? Enter into my health coaching giveaway!)
The idea of studying emotions and their correlation to disease really started with cardiovascular disease. We’ve all heard the phrase “Type A personality”, which
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(Want some personalized health information and coaching as you make lifestyle changes? Enter into my health coaching giveaway!)
The idea of studying emotions and their correlation to disease really started with cardiovascular disease. We’ve all heard the phrase “Type A personality”, which came directly from the research done by Dr. Meyer Friedman and Dr. Ray Rosenman back in the 1950’s. Their research was quite compelling, and a great place for us to start our discussion of how to avoid heart disease.
Friedman and Rosenman conducted their research by interviewing over 3,000 men and categorizing them as either type A or type B, depending on their personalities. Type A men were marked by aggression, hostility, and impatience, rigid organization, taking on more than they could handle, and obsessed with time management. Type B men were pretty much the opposite, apathetic, patient, relaxed, easy going, with no real sense of urgency. Over the next 8 1/2 years, the two researchers followed these men and recorded their incidence of heart attacks, sudden death, and angina. What they found was that men with type A personalities had twice as many heart attacks, sudden death, and angina. It is true that these men also had higher rates of cigarette smoking, but when they crunched the numbers, Friedman and Rosenman concluded that it wasn’t all due to the increased rates of smoking, that the personality traits themselves seemed to be predictive of cardiac events.
Later research conducted by a psychiatrist named Redford Williams in the 1970’s isolated the hostility and cynicism factors of type A personality as having the strongest correlation to heart disease. Study participants who exhibited some of the other aspects of type A: ambition, strong organization, time management, but did not display the hostility and cynicism component did not have as strong a correlation to heart disease as those who did.
The Effects of Type A
The continual baseline stress response associated with type A personalities is what contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. Study subjects with type A personalities were found to have larger atherosclerotic plaques than those with type B. These plaques take years to develop, which indicates that the damage done by hostility is slow and gradual, rather than causing a sudden, acute event. The increased secretion of adrenaline and cortisol over a lifetime leads to thickened vessel walls and increased release of fat from the body’s stores in order to fuel the fight or flight response. However, with our modern lifestyle that requires less and less physical activity but causes increased stress, the fat released to fuel our body goes unused, and often gets deposited in the vessel walls. This leads to atheroslcerotic plaques.
Breaking the cycle
So if you’re a type A personality and prone to cynicism and hostility, what do you do about it? First of all, stop and take a deep breath in, hold it for a few seconds, and let it out. No seriously, stop reading and do it! Slow deep breathing stimulates your vagus nerve, which controls your parasympathetic nervous system. This will slow your heart rate, lower your blood pressure, and help stop the stress response. Throughout your day as you find yourself getting stressed and hostile, take a few second and just breathe. You may find yourself able to handle the situation more calmly when you don’t have adrenaline coursing through your veins. And if you find yourself being cynical, stop and ask yourself why. Are you stuck in a job or a relationship or some other situation that constantly stresses you out and never changes? Well, maybe you have reasons to be cynical about it then. What can you do to change the situation? Are you contributing to the problem? Can you change your own behavior and get a different result? Or do you need to leave the situation entirely and accept the fact that it won’t ever change, but that doesn’t mean you have to continue to be a part of it? Sit down, evaluate your life and ask yourself if its worth the risk of staying in a stressful situation and risking the development of cardiovascular disease. At the end of the day, you have to look out for yourself so you can be around to enjoy your life and be with those you love. No job is worth jeopardizing your future.
Friedman, M., Roseman, R. (1959) “Association of specific overt behavior pattern with blood and cardiovascular findings”, Journal of the American Medical Association (169): 1286-1296.
Williams, R. (1984) “An Untrusting Heart: Cynicism Lies at the Core of the Pernicious Type A Personality”, The Sciences, September/October 1984.
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Athens and Rome experimented with democracy and republic forms of government respectively. Why did both of these city-states fail to maintain these systems? What was gained and lost in the process of these experiments?
Hi and thank you for your patience. In this
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Athens and Rome experimented with democracy and republic forms of government respectively. Why did both of these city-states fail to maintain these systems? What was gained and lost in the process of these experiments?
Hi and thank you for your patience. In this particular task, you are asking for help in discussing the failure of the systems of government in Athens and Rome. I am supposing that what you need is a straightforward reply as the question asks for a discussion on the failure of the systems of government. I suggest using this simple outline:
1. Overview - 100 words
2. Athens - 150 words
3. Rome - 150 words
4. Lessons - 100 words
This outline should yield 500 words which should cover what you need. Just let me know via the feedback if you need further clarification. You can use the listed resources to further explore the topic. All the best with your studies.
AE 105878/Xenia Jones
Fall of Athens & Rome: Government
One of the remarkable achievements that the Athenians and the Romans innovated in their civilizations in the Classical Ages was their forms of government - democracy and republic. Athenian democracy developed from 500 BC and declined around 338 BC during the Macedonian annexation of the Greek States as part of the establishment of the Greek Empire by Alexander the Great. The Roman Republic meanwhile began in 509 BC after the fall of the ancient Roman Kingdom under Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the last Roman King. The decline of the Republic is marked to be 27 BC which marked the years of the civil war and the fall of the triumvirate of Consuls towards the establishment of a Roman Empire under one powerful dictatorial ruler - the Emperor or Caesars.
Athenian democracy (Blackwell, 2003), "rested on three main institutions, and a few others of lesser importance. The three pillars of democracy were: the Assembly of the Demos, the Council of 500, and the People's Court. These were supplemented by the Council of the Areopagus, the Archons, and the Generals. Actual legislation involved both the Assembly and the Council, and ad hoc boards of 'Lawmakers'." The Assembly is known as the Ekklesia are the male citizens of Athens. Women also had...
This solution provides information, assistance and advise in tackling the task (see above), on the topic of the failure of or fall of Athenian democracy and the Roman republic. Resources are listed for further exploration of the topic.
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Birthplace: Venice, Italy
Location of death: Venice, Italy
Cause of death: unspecified
Religion: Roman Catholic
Race or Ethnicity: White
Occupation: Activist, Religion
Executive summary: Venetian patriot
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Birthplace: Venice, Italy
Location of death: Venice, Italy
Cause of death: unspecified
Religion: Roman Catholic
Race or Ethnicity: White
Occupation: Activist, Religion
Executive summary: Venetian patriot, church reformer
Venetian patriot, scholar and church reformer, born at Venice, on the 14th of August 1552, and was the son of a small trader, who left him an orphan at an early age. Notwithstanding the opposition of his relatives, he entered the order of the Servi di Maria, a minor Augustinian congregation of Florentine origin, at the age of thirteen. He assumed the name of Paolo, by which, with the epithet Servita, he was always known to his contemporaries. In 1570 he sustained no fewer than three hundred and eighteen theses at a disputation in Mantua, with such applause that the duke made him court theologian. Sarpi spent four y
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Definition of architects' scale
: a scale of rule usually of triangular section made of boxwood and having a variety of graduations on its edges, one edge usually being graduated in inches and sixteenths of an inch, the other edges
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Definition of architects' scale
: a scale of rule usually of triangular section made of boxwood and having a variety of graduations on its edges, one edge usually being graduated in inches and sixteenths of an inch, the other edges graduated in twelfths and fractions thereof for lengths of 3 inches, 11⁄2 inches, and 1 inch so that dimensions of reduced-scale drawings may be measured directly in feet and inches
Love words? You must — there are over 200,000 words in our free online dictionary, but you are looking for one that’s only in the Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary.
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STEMulating the Mind
Dallas ISD encourages, informs students about STEM careers
Chelsea Jones | 2/24/2014, 6:06 a.m.
Students blew up balloons, leaving them untied, and attached them to strings
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STEMulating the Mind
Dallas ISD encourages, informs students about STEM careers
Chelsea Jones | 2/24/2014, 6:06 a.m.
Students blew up balloons, leaving them untied, and attached them to strings strung across a classroom ceiling. They pushed balloons of various sizes and shapes to determine how much air was needed to propel them.
Toyia Terry, a math coach for the district, supervised the activity. She explained why STEM Day was important.
“It gets students out of the regular monotony of the classroom and lets them see science in action. It lets them know that science is real life and not just a class,” Terry said.
Jenny Christian, a supervisor for the district’s STEM department, oversaw Paintball Chemistry. She described how the activity incorporated fun and science.
“It’s a real-life understanding of a topic that all kids love. Everyone loves to play paintball, but they really don’t know what they’re made out of or the chemistry behind them,” Christian said.
Students learned that paintballs have gelatin coverings made from pigskin. Christian explained to them that gelatin coverings are also found in medication capsules.
Furthermore, they observed how absorbent, semi-permeable gelatin coverings swell when submerged in water. Students also learned that paintballs have an inside coating made from polymers, which are molecule of repeating units.
They touched other polymers, such as the super-absorbent ones found in diapers. At the end of the activity, they were allowed to throw paintballs at canvasses. Christian commented that the canvasses would be hung at several school campuses to remind students of the relationship between paintballs and polymers.
How Big Is Your Heart informed students that the sizes of their hearts are approximately the sizes of their fists. Students also learned that the heart beats over 100,000 times in one day, and that the heart helps clean blood.
Other activities included Extracting DNA, Roller Coasters!, Feel Like an Astronaut, Fun with Fossils, Movie Stunt Choreography, Robot Olympics, Animal Science and Firefighting. Students also participated in science and math competitions.
For the math competition, a math test for each grade level was posted online. Select students from different schools were allowed to take the tests. Those with the highest scores won.
The science competition was like the district’s usual science fair. Students from different schools created science projects, which were judged at the schools. First, second and third place were awarded to the winners. The winners’ projects were showcased at the event.
Amar Neal, a sixth grader at Greiner Middle School, said that he wanted to attend STEM Day because he had fun participating in Math Olympiad, a math problem solving contest, at his school last year. He has aspirations of becoming a performer, but added he hopes to do a little bit of everything. He shared why he felt students should be involved in STEM.
“If you want to do anything, you have to know how to read, do problems, solve things and think. It’s important to know science and math no matter what you do,” Neal said
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Buckminster fuller was born in 1895 and died in 1983 in Los Angeles. He was a prolific designer / inventor. A check of the world-wide-web after typing in ’Dymaxion’ will provide a large resource of
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Buckminster fuller was born in 1895 and died in 1983 in Los Angeles. He was a prolific designer / inventor. A check of the world-wide-web after typing in ’Dymaxion’ will provide a large resource of information about his efforts, successes and failures. He has been involved in everything from houses and cars to his most famous ‘association’; the ‘geodesic’ dome.
The dome was patented in 1954 and was the embodiment of the principle that a sphere encloses the maximum volume for its given surface area – and perhaps foreseeing the world’s concern over the efficient use of energy – the structure provides the least heat loss. Other designers have used the interlocking structural device in machines like early aircraft but Buckminster-Fuller’s dome is an invention that will remain with us for centuries.
The ‘Witchita House’, made from
aluminium, needed no skilled labour
to erect it – and as a consequence
was of great interest to the military
– and of course the union representatives of those in the building industry. With a rotating top the house effectively contained its own air circulation system and
Had it not been for B-Fuller’s
Insistence on perfection the
design may well have trans-
Formed housing of today -
backers pulled out after
lengthy pre-production delays.
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One of the mysteries of the English language finally explained.
An instance of an Internet user visiting a particular page on a website.
- ‘Unlike us, they now had a site with more than 7 million page views a day.’
- ‘
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One of the mysteries of the English language finally explained.
An instance of an Internet user visiting a particular page on a website.
- ‘Unlike us, they now had a site with more than 7 million page views a day.’
- ‘It's all about traffic; the site with the most page
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Under the administration of 3 Republican Presidents, the government adopted conservative policies that fueled private businesses.
Calvin Coolidge was president from 1923 to 1929, replacing president Harding after his sudden death. His conservative policies helped usher in the
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Under the administration of 3 Republican Presidents, the government adopted conservative policies that fueled private businesses.
Calvin Coolidge was president from 1923 to 1929, replacing president Harding after his sudden death. His conservative policies helped usher in the era of Coolidge "prosperity". Rapid economic growth occurred. He lowered taxes, supported legislation, and encouraged private businesses. He spoke incessantly of the virtue of thrift. He supported civil rights, refusing to allow known members of the Ku Klux Klan into office. He pushed for anti- lynching laws, and appointed African Americans to government positions.
President Warren Harding is seen as possibly one of the worst presidents in history. His image was tarnished because of the many scandals pertaining to the actions of his officials. One particular example of this was the Teapot Dome scandal. Harding's secretary of interior, Albert Fall secretly sold the the right to oil reserves in Teapot Dome, Wyoming to to a private company in exchange for $308,000 and some cattle. In addition to the many scandals that plagued Harding's officials, Harding also kept the United States out of the League of Nations entirely. President Harding would have most likely been impeached if it wasn't for his early death after just two years in office. He was replaced by his Vice President John Calvin Coolidge Jr..
President Herbert Hoover was secretary of commerce for both presidents Harding and Coolidge. He was president during one of the worst economic disasters in American history; The Great Depression. even worse, he was unprepared to take the necessary actions to help the unemployed. He tried to cut taxes and focus on public work projects. however these efforts were unsuccessful and the unemployment rates rose to 25%, with the percentage of banks failing at 25%. He also made the terrible mistake of signing into law the Smoot-Hawley Act, which raised taxes on imported goods causing foreign nations to refuse to buy American made goods when the country desperately needed money.
Consumerism and Technology
Consum
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For fast access the nodes have a power of two number of slots. The first slot is used to store the bitmap. Consequently, a node slot needs to be large enought to store as many bits as slots per node. Every other slot is
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For fast access the nodes have a power of two number of slots. The first slot is used to store the bitmap. Consequently, a node slot needs to be large enought to store as many bits as slots per node. Every other slot is always used, starting with the first – the first for the bitmap, every other for data items.
The number of node slots in the bps trees is the size of pointer expressed in bits. The bit corresponding the bitmap slot is set.
A half full node (least full, since nodes are never less than half full) is organized as:
B * X * X * X * X * X * X * X * X * X * X * X * X * X * X * X *
The first slot is the leftmost. It corresponds the first bitmap bit, the 0 shift and 1 mask bit. The bitmap slot is the B, the used slots the Xs and the empty slots the *s.
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[in-uh-sil-i-kit, -keyt, ahy-nuh-] /ˌɪn əˈsɪl ɪ kɪt, -ˌkeɪt,
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[in-uh-sil-i-kit, -keyt, ahy-nuh-] /ˌɪn əˈsɪl ɪ kɪt, -ˌkeɪt, ˌaɪ nə-/
any silicate having a structure consisting of paired parallel chains of tetrahedral silicate groups, every other of which shares an oxygen atom with a group of the other chain, the ratio of silicon to oxygen being 4 to 11.
- Inosine pranobex
inosine pranobex inosine pran·o·bex (prān’ə-běks’) n. An antiviral agent formed from a complex containing inosine.
- Inosinic acid
inosinic acid in·o·sin·ic acid (ĭn’ə-sĭn’ĭk, ī’nə-) n. Inosine phosphate; a nucleotide that is found in muscle and other tissues.
[ih-noh-si-tawl, -tohl, ahy-noh-] /ɪˈnoʊ sɪˌtɔl, -ˌtoʊl, aɪˈnoʊ-/ noun 1. Biochemistry. a compound, C 6 H 12 O 6, derivative of cyclohexane, widely distributed in plants and seeds as phytin, and occurring in animal tissue and in urine: an essential growth factor for animal life, present in the vitamin B complex. 2. Pharmacology. the commercial […]
inosituria in·o·si·tu·ri·a (ĭn’ō-sĭ-tur’ē-ə, -tyur’-) n. The presence of inositol in the urine.
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Fetal Period (Third Month To Birth)
- Fetal period extends from the beginning of 3rd month to the end of intrauterine life (till birth). It is the period of maturation of tissues and organ and rapid growth
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Fetal Period (Third Month To Birth)
- Fetal period extends from the beginning of 3rd month to the end of intrauterine life (till birth). It is the period of maturation of tissues and organ and rapid growth of body occurs. By the end of organogenesis (end of embryonic period) most of the organ systems are developed, however, the function of roost of them is negligible except cardiovascular system (cardiovascular system is first to function.
- During fetal period all organs are matured (which are developed during embryonic period). Main characteristics of fetal period of development are:
- Body growth is very period.
- Differentiation of tissues occurs rapidly leading to maturation of organ system.
- Growth in length is particularly striking during 3rd, 4th and 5th month.
- Weight of the fetus increases rather slow during first half of intrauterine life. The weight increases considerably during second half of intrauterine life.
- Head growth is peculiarly slow compared to the growth of rest of the body during whole of fetal period.
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Lesson Study – Major U.S. Events before 1900
Intro: This lesson will be taught in my junior level U.S. history classes. It will take place over two class periods and is part of our introductory unit of a general review
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Lesson Study – Major U.S. Events before 1900
Intro: This lesson will be taught in my junior level U.S. history classes. It will take place over two class periods and is part of our introductory unit of a general review of things they should have learned last year in “Global Perspectives” before we get to the real content we are going to teach this year; U.S. history after 1900.
Content: In this lesson the students will be grouped into 8 groups of 3 or 4 students each and each group will be given one of 8 events that shaped U.S. history before 1900. They will have most of the class period to research their event and create a brief poster with a summary and at least 3 repercussions or ways our world changed because of the events. The next class period they will present their findings and the other groups will take notes on each other’s presentations. This will be pre-cursed with my CT and I giving a model presentation of a 9th and 10th event. Both research and presentation skills are being developed with this activity. Something that is a focus throughout a lot of our whole first unit and is especially highlighted for them to work on in this lesson is the ability to recognize changes or repercussions due to an event. The events are: Columbus “discovers” America, The Revolutionary War, The Declaration of Independence, the ratification of The Constitution, the Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark’s Expedition, The Civil War, The second industrial revolution, Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone, and Thomas Edison invents the light bulb.
Process: The students are given a worksheet to take notes on all 9 of the events as well as a graphic organizer to organize their note taking while researching their own event. By modeling what the final product (poster as well as the presentation) should be at the start of the assignment, the students are able to see exactly what they should be able to produce by the end. The students are doing research on the chrome books that we have in class. They only have to do work at home if they do not feel they are ready for their presentation at the end of the work day.
Product: To demonstrate their learning the students must produce a poster with a title and date of the event as well as a picture, a summary, and a list of repercussions of the event. They also must present this information orally to the rest of the class. The entire class is also producing a note sheet on all of the events that they are allowed to use on the quiz the next class period.
Evaluation: The students are evaluated on their presentation and their notes on the graphic organizer. They are also evaluated during a quiz about all 10 of the events in the next class. This helps to check for retention of their own event as well as their listening and retention of everyone else’s presentations.
Students need to use both lower and higher order thinking for this assignment. I think it is more of a stepping stone to higher order thinking though because it doesn’t really ask too much of them. They are remembering, understanding and applying when they do their research, take notes, and give their presentation but they are also analyzing and evaluating when they decide what the biggest impacts on our world and culture were caused by their events. We also ask them to justify why they chose their repercussions in the question portion of the presentation.
The students are able to choose how they set up their poster as well as if they draw or print out a picture for it. They are also able to decide if one or multiple of them do the presentation (as long as they are not volunteering someone who doesn’t want to do it).
I think that the lesson study is a very good way to brainstorm and flesh out ideas for lessons and to make sure an idea for a lesson has all of the crucial parts that are actually necessary in a lesson that don’t get thought of while thinking of ideas. The peer review process is something I am going to use to great length once I am designing all of my own lessons. The more eyes the better.
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Corrosion Resistance of Copper and Copper Alloys
A wide variety of copper alloys are used in a range of applications. As well as good mechanical properties, the excellent electrical conductivity and thermal conduction are reasons copper alloys are deployed in many industrial
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Corrosion Resistance of Copper and Copper Alloys
A wide variety of copper alloys are used in a range of applications. As well as good mechanical properties, the excellent electrical conductivity and thermal conduction are reasons copper alloys are deployed in many industrial fields. Copper plays a role in electronic and electrical applications and all forms of heat transfer. In automobiles as well as in houses copper could not be replaced. In the sanitary industry copper and brass are well established, for example, drinking water pipes have been used for decades without problems.
While the corrosion resistance of copper and its alloys is excellent in unpolluted air and drinking water, corrosion rates in impure environments can be much higher and lead to severe material damage. Corrosion is a system property, so it is important to find the right copper material with regard to the environmental conditions it will be exposed to.
This handbook highlights the limitations of the use of copper and its alloys in various corrosive solutions and provides vital information on corrosion protection measures.
Alkaline Earth Chlorides
alkaline Earth Hydroxides
Ammonia and Ammonium Hydroxide
Benzene and Benzene Homologues
Carboxylic Acid Esters
Chlorine and Chlorinated Water
Fluorine, Hydrogen Fluoride, Hydrofluoric Acid
Hot Oxidizing Gases
Ralf Feser, born in 1960, studied materials sciences at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg from 1980 to 1986, and then joined the Max-Planck Institute for Iron Research in Düsseldorf. He received his doctorate in engineering sciences from the University of Clausthal-Zellerfeld in 1990, after which he worked for several years at the Metallgesellschaft. In 1996 he was appointed professor for corrosion technology at the University of Applied Sciences in Iserlohn, a position he still holds. Since 2005 he has also been one of the CEOs at the Institute for Maintenance and Corrosion Protection in Iserlohn, a board member at the Society for Corrosion Protection (GfKORR) and convenor of the working party on "corrosion and corrosion protection of copper alloys". Professor Feser is also head of the research board at the Hot Dip Galvanizing Organisation, and a member of several other organisations dealing with corrosion on a national or international level.
Roman Bender, born in 1971, studied chemistry at the Justus Liebig University of Giessen from 1992 to 1997. He received his doctorate in natural sciences from the Technical University of Aachen (RWTH Aachen) in 2001. After receiving his diploma he joined the Karl Winnacker Institute of the DECHEMA in Frankfurt (Main) as a research associate, where he has been head of the materials and corrosion group since 2000, and editor-in-chief of the world's largest corrosion data collection, the DECHEMA Werkstofftabelle and the Corrosion Handbook. In 2008 Dr. Bender was appointed CEO of the GfKORR - the Society for Corrosion Protection.
“This book should be available in areas where applications of cooper materials are desired and/or common practice, serving there as reference book and discussion base. Also for investigation and analysis of damage cases this host of data and information is a useful tool for systematic working.” (Materials and Corrosion, 1 August 2013)
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Today, the World Health Organisation celebrates ‘World Hearing Day’. This year’s theme is “Action for hearing loss: make a sound investment” with the aim to draw attention to the economic impact of hearing loss.
To celebrate this day, here at
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Today, the World Health Organisation celebrates ‘World Hearing Day’. This year’s theme is “Action for hearing loss: make a sound investment” with the aim to draw attention to the economic impact of hearing loss.
To celebrate this day, here at the London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) we have been delving into the archives of Sir Ronald Ross. Most notable for his work on the discovery of the malaria vector, you could be forgiven in believing that Ross’ work didn’t venture far from this subject, however Ross was a man of many talents: a mathematician; an epidemiologist; a sanitarian; a novelist; a dramatist; an amateur musician and perhaps most interestingly an inventor.
In the late 19th Century whilst working in India, Ross devised an implement that he would later call, ‘A device for excluding noise from the auditory nerves of the ear’, in other words, ear plugs. Made originally for a patient, Ross wore his own invention for many decades before he made the bold move of patenting and selling his device. Initially, Ross hoped to resolve complaints:
‘…noise that goes on in large cities; in railway trains…often prevents the enjoyment of refreshing sleep; or…precludes a person concentrating his thoughts on work in hand, or is a source of trouble to sick persons.’ (Ross/159/01/08)
However, Ross’ papers illustrate that his earplugs were unable to meet his goals.
So why were his earplugs unsuccessful? His correspondences with Charles Baker, the man tasked with building prototypes of his device, indicate that the design were neither practical or popular, as seen when Baker, referring to the ear plugs as clips, complains, ‘one or two customers have tried and returned them. I think some better method would have to be devised before the clips would be well received’ (Ross/159/01/35). Instead of heeding Baker’s advice, Ross overlooked the notion that any design fault existed, and argued that, ‘It is quite comfortable’ (Ross/159/01/36) and for it to be a success he would, ‘call the attention of professionals to it’ (Ross/159/01/36). When looking at the ear clips you understand the reluctance of Baker and the public to embrace them. The earplugs are attached to a thick aluminium strap intended to sit under the chin, something that does not connote peace or tranquillity.
Competition also severely affected the success of Ross’ device. In Germany, the ‘Antiphone’ was proving quite popular. A letter found in Ross’ archive show that the plugs, that were made
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The United Service Magazine (Part 3) in its issue of 1835 (Page 311), traces the history of the Indian Army set up by the British.
The Indian Army forms, perhaps, the most extraordinary spectacle on which the eye
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The United Service Magazine (Part 3) in its issue of 1835 (Page 311), traces the history of the Indian Army set up by the British.
The Indian Army forms, perhaps, the most extraordinary spectacle on which the eye of the philosopher has ever rested. Composed almost exclusively of natives, none of whom are ever permitted to rise to offices of rank or trust, it has ensured to England, for not less than seventy years, the undisputed sovereignty over a tract of country incalculably more extensive than herself, and divided from her by the distance of half the globe. Nor is it alone by preserving peace at home, and supporting a handful of strangers in the dominion which they there exercise, that the Indian Army has established for itself an illustrious name: whenever they have been employed in the field—whether against foreign or domestic enemies—whether against Asiatics or Europeans,— the Sepoys have done their duty, if not with the daring recklessness which characterises British soldiers, at all events with steadiness, with patience, and with courage.Such a body deserves, if ever an armed body did, that its merits should not pass unnoticed, and that they who benefit by its devotion and its truth should at least give to it the recompense of well-earned praise.There is nothing in the records of ancient or modern times more remarkable than the rise of the Indian Army. It has been, if we may so express ourselves, the growth of a day. It sprang up all at once from the seed to absolute maturity.For many long years after the trade with India had been opened, and the Copany had established factories at different points along the coast, the Indian Army had positively no existence. A few peons, armed, according to the custom of the country, with swords and circular shields, were the only species of guards which the factories admitted; and these never ventured to oppose themselves to the encroachments of the local authorities, however flagrant and however unjustifiable.The fact, indeed, is that when the English merchants first established themselves in the ports of Hindustan, they did not dream of the possibility of founding anything like an empire in a country thickly peopled, highly civilized, and accustomed to the working of regular governments. They were content to receive protection—they never thought of being able to afford it; and so long as the native princes permitted them to trade, their ambition soared no higher. The excessive caution with which they departed from this system is very striking, and we will endeavour to give of it a sort of bird's-eye view.On the 2nd of May, 1601, Captain Lancaster's renowned squadron sailed from Torbay. After touching at Acheen, in Sumatra, and trading there—after capturing in the Straits of Malacca a rich Portuguese ship, and receiving from the Moluccas large quantities of spices, Lancaster steered for Java, where, in Bantam, the first factory was established over which an English merchant had ever presided in those seas. This was in 1602. In 1612 we find new factories erected at Surat, Ahmedabad, Cambaya, and Goja. As these increased in wealth and importance, they drew towards themselves the notice not only of the native princes but of European rivals, who, sometimes by force, hut much more frequently by intrigue, endeavoured to ruin them. Against direct hostility, however, the English were content to guard themselves by appealing to the Nabobs and Naigs on shore; while at sea their ships maintained, as they best could, a struggle with their assailants.But this state of things could not last for ever. Their rivals, especially the Dutch, gathered strength from day to day: they built forts, they sent out bodies of troops, and began to wage war with the powers around them. They conceived that they must in some sort follow the example, not indeed in commencing hostilities with the princes under whose protection they dwelt, but by assuming such an attitude as might overawe the Europeans, and hinder them from acting towards themselves on the offensive.In 1626, when displays of hostile intentions had become, on the part of the Dutch, more than ever frequent, and the condition of India, torn by civil wars, chanced to be peculiarly forlorn, the English merchants judged it expedient to apply to the soubahdars of the different provinces in which they were settled, for permission to enclose their factories with fortifications. Some time elapsed ere the desired sanction was obtained; and when it did reach them, they were too poor and too feeble everywhere to avail themselves of it; but at Armagon, on the Coromandel coast, a fort was erected in 1628, which mounted twelve pieces of cannon.The garrison of that fort—the nucleus as it may be
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Early learning and development are multidimensional. Developmental
domains are highly interrelated.
Development in one domain influences development in other domains. For example, a child’s language skills affect his or her ability to engage in social interactions. Therefore, developmental
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Early learning and development are multidimensional. Developmental
domains are highly interrelated.
Development in one domain influences development in other domains. For example, a child’s language skills affect his or her ability to engage in social interactions. Therefore, developmental domains cannot be considered in isolation from each other. The dynamic interaction of all areas of development must be considered. Standards and preschool benchmarks listed for each domain could also be cited in different domains.
Young children are capable and competent.
All children are potentially capable of positive developmental outcomes. Regardless of children’s backgrounds and experiences, teachers are intentional in matching goals and experiences to children’s learning and development and in providing challenging experiences to promote each child’s progress and interest. There should be high expectations for all young children so that teachers help them to reach their fullest potential.
Children are individuals who develop at different rates.
Each child is unique. Each grows and develops skills and competencies at his or her own pace. Teachers get to know each child well and differentiate their curricular planning to recognize the rate of development for each child in each domain. Some children may have an identified developmental delay or disability that may require teachers to adapt the expectations set ou
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I'm sitting in my living room blogging, and my husband is chatting with a friend of ours from the SCA who happens to be an engineer.
The hubby is describing our new electrical system and mentioned the handy voltage detector pen that we have.
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I'm sitting in my living room blogging, and my husband is chatting with a friend of ours from the SCA who happens to be an engineer.
The hubby is describing our new electrical system and mentioned the handy voltage detector pen that we have. Basically you move the thing near a wire, and if it glows red and beeps, the wire is live. This is super-handy when you have no idea whether the wire you just uncovered in the wall you're ripping out is in fact connected to anything - it's nice to know if it's live before you grab it.
So as we're talking about this handy volt detector gadget, our engineering friend looks puzzled and says, "Cool, but how does it work?"
"You're not closing a circuit, so what's making it work?"
Of course he's right - you just move the detector near the wire and it beeps and glows. There's no circuit, especially if you're wearing thick-soled rubber shoes. So... I do what any intelligent person does in this day and age - I look it up on Google. And here's the description I found, available at http://en.allexperts.com/q/Physics-1358/2008/12/Voltage-detector.htm.
'The "circuit" that is being created to light up the LED is not between the 120 AC voltage and ground. It is a circuit going through a looped wire and then through the LED. What does a looped wire do? When you change the magnetic flux through a looped wire, you create a current in the wire. And where does the magnetic field come from? From the wire, carrying a current, which changes direction sixty times a second. That is a measurable change in the current, which causes a measurable change in the magnetic field coming from the AC wire, which causes a measurab
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The following is a guest post by George Sadek, Senior Legal Information Analyst at the Law Library of Congress.
On January 25, all across Egypt, hundreds of thousands of Egyptians took to the streets to demand the resignation of President Hosni
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The following is a guest post by George Sadek, Senior Legal Information Analyst at the Law Library of Congress.
On January 25, all across Egypt, hundreds of thousands of Egyptians took to the streets to demand the resignation of President Hosni Mubarak. Mubarak responded to these demands by firing his cabinet and appointing a new one. In addition, he announced in a speech to the Egyptian nation that he will not run again in the upcoming presidential elections scheduled to take place in September. In his speech, Mubarak promised to amend Articles 76 and 77 of the Constitution concerning requirements for the presidential candidacy and terms. However, the protesters rejected the President’s decision to stay until the summer and asked him to step down immediately.
Mubarak refused the protesters’ demands. He stated that his immediate resignation will create a constitutional dilemma that will not accomplish the objectives of the protesters. According to the Egyptian Constitution, if the President steps down, his Vice President will not automatically succeed him. Instead, according to Article 84 of the Constitution, the Speaker of the People’s Assembly will temporarily assume the presidency and presidential elections must be held within 60 days. There also are other succession possibilities included in the succession provisions of the Constitution. The acting head of state during this period would be precluded from running in the next election. Moreover, should this occur, Article 82 of the Constitution precludes the acting president from attempting to modify the existing terms of the Constitution.
The Egyptian Parliament does not have the authority to approve or reject any proposed amendments to the current Constitution. This is because, on December 4, 2010, the Supreme Administrative Court (SAC), the highest administrative judicial body in Egypt, invalidated the two rounds of polling in the previous parliamentary elections. It upheld 1,000 decisions issued by multiple circuits of the Administrative Judicial Court (AGC, lower court), which had ordered that the announcement of the election results be halted.
The execution of the SAC’s ruling invalidated the results of the election in 92 constituencies, affecting 184 seats out of a total of 508. In this case, a quorum of the Parliament cannot be established because of the SAC’s action.
A committee has now been established to oversee constitutional changes. There are a number of measures that could be adopted in order to circumvent the legal and constitutional dilemma. According to Article 139 of the Egyptian Constitution, President Mubarak can delegate his authority and responsibilities to his Vice President, Mr. Omar Suleiman, and leave the political scene in Egypt. One possible scenario is that this move could be preceded by the suspension of the current Constitution, the dissolution of the Parliament, and the formation of a constituent assembly. The purpose of creating this assembly would be to draft a new Constitution during a transitional period. During this time period, a possible scenario would be that Mr. Suleiman can temporarily serve as president of Egypt until the new Constitution is written and the new parliamentary an
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The dog is a mammal in the order Carnivora. Dogs were domesticated from wolves as recently as 15,000 years, ago or perhaps as early as 100,000 years ago based upon
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The dog is a mammal in the order Carnivora. Dogs were domesticated from wolves as recently as 15,000 years, ago or perhaps as early as 100,000 years ago based upon recent genetic fossil and DNA evidence. New evidence suggests that dogs were first domesticated in East Asia, possibly China, and the first peoples to enter North America took dogs with them from Asia. Genetic research has identified 14 ancient dog breeds, with the oldest being the Chow Chow, Shar Pei, Akita Inu, Shiba Inu and Basenji. Because many of the 14 breeds are associated with China and Japan, the theory that the dog originated in Asia seems to be likely. Over time, the dog has developed into hundreds of breeds with a great degree of variation. For example, heights at the withers range from just a few inches (such as the Chihuahua) to roughly three feet (such as the Irish Wolfhound), and colors range from white to black, with reds, grays (usually called blue), and browns occurring in a tremendous variation of patterns.
Dogs, like humans, are highly social animals and this similarity in their overall behavioral pattern accounts for their trainability, playfulness, and ability to fit into human households and social situations. This similarity has earned dogs a unique position in the realm of interspecies relationships. The loyalty and devotion that dogs demonstrate as part of their natural instincts as pack animals closely mimics the human idea of love and friendship,
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Being aware of what is happening to you in the present moment without judgment or immediate reaction. It sounds so simple. The noticing and awareness part is one thing—but without judgment or immediate reaction? This requires practice: To notice when someone is pushing your
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Being aware of what is happening to you in the present moment without judgment or immediate reaction. It sounds so simple. The noticing and awareness part is one thing—but without judgment or immediate reaction? This requires practice: To notice when someone is pushing your button and take it in as information, but to not get caught up in the emotion of it. To be an observer of yourself in the world and not judge if what you observe is good or bad.
We are so caught up in the “busyness” of life, that practicing Mindfulness appears antithetical to producing the results and productivity required in our roles. Of course, nothing could be further from the truth.
When you notice and are aware of what is happening without judgment, you release yourself from patterns of behavior based on past experience, your dispositional tendencies, and your prejudices that limit your response. When you do this, you have a myriad of choices for how to respond or react. When mindful, you are able to choose a higher quality experience from your now unlimited choices. The benefits to your own health, success, and productivity are rewards enough.
Ready to practice some Mindfulness in your own life? Here are three ways to get started:
- Consider an important goal, task, or situation you currently have on your priority list.
- Notice the physical sensation in your body that occurs just by thinking about it. Does your stomach turn, your jaw clench, your chest tighten, your forehead frown? Do you break into a smile, have butterflies in your stomach, or feel your pulse race? Your body notices how you feel before you do!
- Now notice the emotion attached to the physical feeling. Is it positive or negative? That’s judgment. An emotion is your opinion of the physical sensation you are experiencing. What if you were to let go of it and simply notice? This would present you with a myriad of more choices than the one that so automatically came to your awareness.
Ripple effect with others
Donna, a participant in a recent Optimal Motivation workshop, told me that a major action step she committed to at the end of the session was to practice Mindfulness at work. Being a woman in a leadership role in a manufacturing environment, Donna described herself as extroverted, strong, vocal, and quick to react. She began taking a breath before calls and meetings; rather than immediately reacting to people and situations, she observed what was happening as “data.”
Donna reported that after a month of this practice her 17-year-old daughter said to her, “Mom, you seem really different; calmer.” Donna was amazed that her practice had filtered throughout her life and that even her teenage daughter had noticed.
I hope you will experiment with Mindfulness. Google it. Check out the research by Kirk Warren Brown. Travel to India and study with a yogi. Or better yet, join us for an Optimal Motivation session and discover how Mindfulness can help you experience greater energy, vitality, and sense of positive well-being.
About the author:
Susan Fowler is one of the principal authors—together with David Facer and Drea Zigarmi—of The Ken Blanchard Companies’ new Optimal Motivation process and workshop. Their posts appear on the first and third Monday of each month.
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please write c++ code for this problem it is urgent help..............
Problem Statement: Calculate salary
You are required to write a program which will calculate the salary of an employee according to his/her grade assigned by the employer. You must declare
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please write c++ code for this problem it is urgent help..............
Problem Statement: Calculate salary
You are required to write a program which will calculate the salary of an employee according to his/her grade assigned by the employer. You must declare a class named CalSalary whose private data members will be employee ID, employee name and employee grade. Also write a constructor, setter and getter functions for all private data members and a function that will calculate the salary.
·1 Employee ID and grade should be of type integer. Employee name should be of type string.
·2 Constructor should initialize employee ID and grade with value zero and employee name with value NULL.
·3 For assigning or extracting values from private data members, you
must use getter and setter functions.
·4 Declare a public member function named calculate which will calculate the net salary of the employee according to his/her grade.
·5 Formula for calculating actual salary is (Basic Salary) + 45% of basic salary.
·6 If the grade of employee is 17, then the basic salary is 15,000.
·7 If the grade is 18, then the basic salary is 20,000 and if grade is 19 then the basic salary is 25,000.
Sample Output 1
Please enter employee ID : 001
Please enter employee name : Mohammad Ali
Please enter employee grade : 17
The net salary of Mohammad Ali is Rs.21750
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This modern version of the ancient drama by Sophocles, about the daughter of Oedipus, takes place in the Theban palace, now ruled by Antigone’s uncle, Creon. In the opening scene, the Chorus
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This modern version of the ancient drama by Sophocles, about the daughter of Oedipus, takes place in the Theban palace, now ruled by Antigone’s uncle, Creon. In the opening scene, the Chorus, played by one person, introduces the characters, who are all on stage, and gives a brief synopsis of the situation in Thebes and the civil war which has resulted in the simultaneous deaths of Antigone’s two brothers, Polynices and Eteocles. The two sons of Oedipus were supposed to share the throne of Thebes, ruling in alternate years. Eteocles refused to give up the throne after one year, however, and his brother attacked Thebes with the aid of foreign princes. The assault was unsuccessful, and the two brothers killed each other in single combat. Now Creon, who has inherited the throne, has decreed that Eteocles be given a hero’s funeral, but the traitor-brother’s body shall rot in the field without religious burial. Anyone who seeks to bury the body shall be put to death.
The Chorus introduces the players, giving a brief insight into their characters or role in the action. Antigone sits on the stairs that dominate the center of the stage. She is thin and pensive, staring at nothing, a tense, willful girl who is conspicuously unlike her beautiful sister Ismene, who chats amiably with Haemon, Creon’s son. The Chorus remarks that one would think that Haemon would prefer the enchanting Ismene to the withdrawn and serious sister, but, in fact, he has proposed to Antigone, who immediately agreed to marry him.
Creon the king sits with his page at his side. He looks tired and worn. The Chorus explains that he was a lover of music and a collector of rare manuscripts and art in his younger
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What Farmer Jane continues to point out is that women have largely been behind (and in front of), the sustainable food and farming movement all along - something that the Women, Food and Agriculture Network has known since the organization's inception in the late '
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What Farmer Jane continues to point out is that women have largely been behind (and in front of), the sustainable food and farming movement all along - something that the Women, Food and Agriculture Network has known since the organization's inception in the late '90s. Co-founded by a farmer in Iowa, Denise O'Brien, the network continues to thrive today with all the purpose in the world of connecting the growing movement of women that are coming forward to call themselves farmers. That's right. Even though women have been farming since the advent of modern day agriculture when people transitioned from hunting and gathering to staying in one place and cultivating the land, they haven't always considered themselves farmers. Nor has the USDA considered them as such. That's why women farmers are filing a class action suit against the USDA as we speak - because women were not given the same access to grants as men. Similar to the African Americans recently won battle, other classes of people are stepping forward to call out the injustice. The tricky part is that women farmers are having a challenging time getting "class" status to file.
Because women farmers have not been given the same access to information, resources, or networks as men have in the past, the Women Food and Agriculture Network is providing the great service of giving women a voice. And on January 29, the Network will convene for their annual gathering. In honor of this, I'm posting the contribution that Executive Director, Leigh Adcock, wrote for "Farmer Jane." This piece not only explains the significance of the Network, but also articulates in more detail why a Network for women and the movement of women in food and agriculture is as relevant as ever.
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School has started for many and teachers are planning, teaching and evaulating student performance. Here are some quick tips from a teacher in-service instruction.
10 Rules of Student Engagement
1. Smile at the door.
2. Arranging the classroom
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School has started for many and teachers are planning, teaching and evaulating student performance. Here are some quick tips from a teacher in-service instruction.
10 Rules of Student Engagement
1. Smile at the door.
2. Arranging the classroom for interaction.
3. Gain rapport, talking the minute they walk through the door.
4. Deliver lessons with enthusiasm.
5. Use technology.
6. Facilitated teaching. Teacher only talking 20 percent of the class time.
7. Use NLP (Audio, Visual and Kinesthetic.)
8. Brain functions.
9. Set a goal, creates a flow environment.
10. Change it up. Change is good. Keep adding new things.
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While there were earlier recipes for quarter inch potato slices or shavings (cut 'round and round' the potato) fried until crisp then salted (Kitchiner, Apicius Redivivus, or Cook's Oracle, 181
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While there were earlier recipes for quarter inch potato slices or shavings (cut 'round and round' the potato) fried until crisp then salted (Kitchiner, Apicius Redivivus, or Cook's Oracle, 1817), George Crum (c1828-1914) has been credited with creating the chips in 1853. One of the earliest mentions was an 1891 article about his restaurant, below. Some recent research questions the story (even on wiki) and the link at the end of this post.
Saratoga Chip Potatoes. 1883 (probably the earliest Saratoga Chip recipe)
Potatoes sliced thick are not Saratogas though generally so called. The true chips are as thin as paper and curl up when fried. They are used cold as well as hot, and may be prepared before wanted and kept a considerable time. It is necessary to have clean fresh lard and potatoes of good quality to get Saratoga chips of good color and the proper crispness. They should be put in before the lard gets very hot, have time to dry out in it, and when yellow should be drained in a colander, set in a pan and salt sprinkled over.
Whitehead, Jessup. The Chicago Herald Cooking School. 1883
Pare and slice thin eight white potatoes with a vegetable slicer. Let them soak about an hour in a pan of iced water, the colder the better. Drain and dry them on a cloth. Fry a small handful at a time in about three pints of hot lard in a deep kettle, stirring them constantly with a long-handled skimmer until they are crisp; then take them out, and sprinkle them with salt. In winter and spring, when the potatoes are old, it will be necessary to soak them in water for half a day.
The Chips that follow do not belong to the vegetable kingdom, and therefore could not be very well sliced by a “vegetable slicer,” but they should have been simmered and skimmered until they were dry and crisp, and liberally sprinkled with chloride of sodium. That will give them a flavor which is designed to create an appetite for them, which cannot be satisfied by them. The more you have of them, the more you w
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Where is Kythnos located?
Kythnos is an island located in the western Cyclades, in the central Aegean Sea in Greece.
Where administrative Kythnos belongs?
Kythnos is under the administration of the Cyclades Pref
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Where is Kythnos located?
Kythnos is an island located in the western Cyclades, in the central Aegean Sea in Greece.
Where administrative Kythnos belongs?
Kythnos is under the administration of the Cyclades Prefecture of the District of the Southern Aegean.
What is the postal code (zip code) of Kythnos?
The Postal Code for the entire island of Kythnos is 84006.
What does the name Kythnos mean?
The name Kythnos comes from the King Kythnos of the ancient Dryopes.
Why the island is also called Thermia?
The name Thermia comes from the hot springs (thermes piges) located at Loutra.
What is the total area of Kythnos?
Kythnos covers an area of approximately 100.2 square kilometers.
What is the population of Kythnos?
Kythnos has 1456 inhabitants (according to the 2011 census).
What is the largest settlement on Kythnos?
Hora or Mesaria is the largest settlement on the island with a population of 561 inhabitants (according to the 2011 census). Merihas and Dryopida follow with 361 and 325 inhabitants respectively.
What is the distance between Kythnos and Lavrio in nautical miles?
Kythnos lies 26 nautical miles from the port of Lavrio.
What is the distance between Kythnos and the port of Piraeus in nautical miles?
Kythnos is 56 nautical miles from the port of Piraeus.
What is the distance between Kythnos and Kea (Tzia) in nautical miles?
Kythnos is 26.5 nautical miles from the port of Kea.
What is the distance between Kythnos and Serifos (in nautical miles)?
Kythnos is 29 nautical miles from the port of Serifos.
Does Kythnos have an airport?
Kythnos has no airport.
Does Kythnos have a helipad?
Kythnos has a heliport in the greater area of Hora.
How many ports does Kythnos have?
The main ports of Kythnos are the port of Merichas and port of the Loutra. However, you may anchor in several parts of the island such as: Agia Irini, Agios Dimitrios, Episkopi, Agios Stefanos, Panagia Kanala etc. when it comes to small motor boats or sailboats.
With which other ports is Kythnos connected?
There is ferry connection with the following ports: Anafi, Thirassia, Ios, Kea, Kimolos, Lavrion, Milos, Naxos, Paros, Piraeus, Santorini, Serifos, Sifnos, Sikinos, Syros and Folegandros.
How long does the trip from Piraeus to Kythnos last?
The trip from Piraeus to Kythnos lasts approximately 3 hours with the conventional vehicle carrying ferries.
How long does the journey from Lavrio to Kythnos last?
The journey from Lavrio to Kythnos lasts approximately 1 hour and 45 minutes with the conventional vehicle carrying ferries.
How much do the tickets to Kythnos cost?
Tickets to Kythnos from Lavrio will cost you between 14 and 18 euro per person, between 12 to 17 euro for a motorbike and between 29 to 47 euro for a car. Price data was obtained in 2016 and variations depend on person age and vehicle size.
Is there an organized marina on Kythnos?
You will find two organized marinas on Kythnos Island: on Merihas and on Loutra. They can accommodate sailing boats, inflatable boats, boats, speedboats, smaller yachts and fishing boats.
Can one be stranded in summer in Kythnos due to bad weather conditions?
Although rare, it is possible that extreme weather conditions can cause problems and people may be stranded. However, this may not last for more than 3 days.
Which is the highest altitude in Kythnos?
The highest altitude in Kythnos is 336 meters and is held by Prophet Elijah peak of Mount Petra.
Are
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It is time the public got a clear picture of what Wildlife Services is up to, and for the agency’s work to be brought into accord with sound biological practices.
“There is a unit within the Agriculture Department’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service called
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It is time the public got a clear picture of what Wildlife Services is up to, and for the agency’s work to be brought into accord with sound biological practices.
“There is a unit within the Agriculture Department’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service called Wildlife Services. Its official mission, according to its Web site, is “to resolve wildlife conflicts to allow people and wildlife to coexist.” This has meant, since 2000, some two million dead animals. The list includes coyotes, beavers, mountain lions, black bears and innumerable birds. The agency’s real mission? To make life safer for livestock and game species.”
See on www.nytimes.com
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Saņem informāciju par jaunajiem Atlants.lv darbiem!
Akcija: ZiņotājsPRO uz 6 mēnešiem - bezmaksas!Abonēt
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Saņem informāciju par jaunajiem Atlants.lv darbiem!
Akcija: ZiņotājsPRO uz 6 mēnešiem - bezmaksas!Abonēt bez maksas
Plight of Worker during the Industrial Revolution: A Paradigm Shift from Agriculture to Industry
During the period of time between 1865 and 1900, the United States was going through a difficult time. The country had just come out of a war and, at the same time, was making an attempt to industrialize. The plight of laborers during this time was a terrible one. Not only were the working conditions atrocious, the workers' salaries were meager, and they had no benefits or retirement options.
The Civil War had created many jobs for unskilled workers. Jobs such as digging trenches for the troops, transporting the dead and wounded, and providing food for the South. At the conclusion of…
- "Paradox of Change" During Post-War America
- How does Society Change? What is the Reason of These Changes?
- Plight of Worker during the Industrial Revolution: A Paradigm Shift from Agriculture to Industry
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Friday, 6th September 2013
In General Japan News,
Japanese robot makes first call home from space
A Japanese robot has become the first android to contact the Earth from space after safely arriving at the International Space Station (ISS).
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Friday, 6th September 2013
In General Japan News,
Japanese robot makes first call home from space
A Japanese robot has become the first android to contact the Earth from space after safely arriving at the International Space Station (ISS).
Named Kirobo (derived from the Japanese words for 'hope' and 'robot') the diminutive robot looks more like a cute children's toy rather than a multi-million dollar piece of high-tech equipment.
But Kirobo is in fact an incredibly sophisticated android developed to serve as a companion to astronauts during extended explorations of space in the future.
He blasted off from Japan's Tanegashima Space Centre on a shuttle bound for the ISS on August 4th, arriving safely six days later.
And on August 21st he made his first communiqué back to Earth, a video of which was this week released by the robot's creators.
The video shows Kirobo floating within the confines of the ISS as he proclaims that: "On August 21, 2013, a robot took one small step toward a brighter future for all."
Standing at a little over 13 inches tall and with a weight of 2.2lbs, Kirobo was developed as part of a joint research project carried by Toyota Motor Corporation Robo Garage Co Ltd and the University of Tokyo's Research Centre for Advanced Science and Technology, with support from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency.
The robot is one of the most advanced ever built when it comes to its ability to interaction with humans and his able to recognise facial features as well as talk in Japanese.
Kirobo is set to welcome Koichi Wakata, the first Japanese commander of the ISS, when he arrives aboard later this year. He will then take part in the world's first conversation experiment held between a person and a robot in outer space
As well as sending messages back to his creators on Earth, Kirobo will be able to post messages along with photos he takes of the ISS on Twitter and other social media sites for the world to see.
Written by Andy Mackay
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The immigration reform debate over the past few months has led to various interpretations of what constitutees a pathway to citizenship, especially for undocumented immigrants living in the country now.
So what do people mean when they say "path to citizenship"?
Here are
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The immigration reform debate over the past few months has led to various interpretations of what constitutees a pathway to citizenship, especially for undocumented immigrants living in the country now.
So what do people mean when they say "path to citizenship"?
Here are a few different ideas:
1. The Restrictionist
Arch conservatives have long argued that a path to citizenship already exists, and that we don't need to revise the immigration system in this respect.
For some immigrants, that's technically true: they could return to their home country and apply for a visa. But it's kind of like saying you can travel from L.A. to New York without a car. It's possible, but it's going to take a lot longer than most people believe is reasonable.
If you've entered the U.S. without inspection (by illegally crossing the border, for example), you may be subject to a three- or 10-year bar, meaning you would need to return to your home country and wait at least that long until you could begin applying for a visa to re-enter the U.S.
Waiting out the 10-year bar doesn't guarantee a visa, either. Even for people with family members in the country -- a viable pathway to legal status -- visa waits can be decades. So you could potentially be talking about a "pathway" that takes as long as 30 to 35 years. For people who don't qualify for existing visa categories (there
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by Cathy Collins
The idea of collaborative learning spaces for creative activity has gathered a great deal of momentum in education recently. The makerspace movement is being embraced by the arts as well as the sciences, and energy is building around multidisciplinary collaborative
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by Cathy Collins
The idea of collaborative learning spaces for creative activity has gathered a great deal of momentum in education recently. The makerspace movement is being embraced by the arts as well as the sciences, and energy is building around multidisciplinary collaborative efforts and STEAM topics. A makerspace is a physical location where people gather to share resources and knowledge, collaborate and create. Makerspaces provide tools, resources and space in a community environment.
The MassCUE Makerspace SIG blossomed last Spring, and is a highly active SIG with over 50 members. In addition to monthly meetings through Google Hangouts, we schedule field trips to area makerspaces housed in both public and school libraries; and host guest speakers who are experts in the makerspace arena.
Last Spring, we kicked off activities at the Sharon High School Library. Diana Rendina, ISTE Librarian Network award winner and library makerspace designer at the middle school level, shared her makerspace journey with us through Skype from her home base of Tampa, Florida. Guest speakers from HUB Technical Services also joined us to share about grant opportunities for 3D printers and Sprout computers.
This Fall, Jessica Ross, from Harvard University’s “Project Zero,” shared her thoughts about makerspace philosophy, creation of a makerspace culture, and resources to inspire inquiry-based thinking.
Winter activities included guest speaker Sue Cusack from Lesley University, who shared her makerspace philosophy, offered valuable resources and strategies for success, and devoted time to answering our questions about the planning and implementation of effective makerspaces.
Most recently, Laura Fleming, library media specialist in New Jersey for 17 years and author of “Worlds of Making: Best Practices for Establishing a Makerspace for Your School,” shared her makerspace philosophy, strategies for enlisting staff and student support, and resources for planning, set up and showcasing of student makerspace projects. Laura will be our guest speaker for a second virtual chat on April 7th at 7:00 p.m. MassCUE members and MSLA members are welcome to attend at no charge. E-mail Cathy Collins, MassCUE Makerspace SIG co-leader, at [email protected] to sign up for the session.
Field trip visits have also included a tour of Peabody Institute’s inspiring Creativity Lab which offers an impressive array of makerspace programming from fictional character costume design to 3D printing, poster making and graphic design workshops.
On March 22nd, we will visit Dartmouth Middle School’s library makerspace from 3:30- 5:30, to learn from students in Laura Gardner’s Maker Club who will be on hand to share their projects and enthusiasm with us.
About the Author: Cathy Collins is the MassCUE Professional Development Chair and the Co-Leader of the MassCUE Makerspace Special Interest Group (SIG).Print this post
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We shall consider the intelligence of a speaker as consisting of common sense, tact, good taste, wide interests, and self-criticism. No matter how much self-confidence or self-assurance a speaker has, if he does not have some measure
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We shall consider the intelligence of a speaker as consisting of common sense, tact, good taste, wide interests, and self-criticism. No matter how much self-confidence or self-assurance a speaker has, if he does not have some measure of intelligence, his public appearance as a speaker will be completely brief and a failure.
No matter how much self-confidence or self-assurance a speaker has, if he does not have some measure of intelligence, his public appearance as a speaker will be completely brief and a failure. Anyone who presumes to engage in any form of public speaking either by means of simple conversation or standing before his fellow men and who directs their thinking should be well-endowed mentally. For this reason, we shall consider the intelligence of a speaker as consisting of common sense, tact, good taste, wide interests, and self-criticism.
Common Sense - it is the ability of the speaker to size up situations, to meet emergencies and to act accordingly. Common sense is also manifested in the speaker's demonstration of good judgment to select and to discuss topics according to the needs of the occasion and the demands of the audience.
Tact - is closely associated with common sense. This quality of the speaker is dependent upon his imagination and discernment. With imagination, a speaker can put himself in the shoes of his fellow being and realize how he would feel if some unkind remark were made about him. This is empathy at work.
Tact and prudence at work help the speaker win his audience by careful observation of attitudes, moods, behaviors, and situations. A tactful person, for instance, will never push for a decision when it appears that decision will be against him. He would rather postpone the decision until some later time. Again, his discernment will tell him when to speak and when not to. By dealing much with people, a speaker will know when they are in a friendly mood and when they are in a hostile one. By observation, he will be able to diagnose the opinions, beliefs, and prejudices of his listeners. Tact will help the speaker to handle delicate topics dealing with sex, politics, and religion in group discussions.
Good Taste - is another manifestation of the intelligence of an effective public speaker. Since many of our choi
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National Family Partnership
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The National Family Partnership (NFP), formerly known as the National Federation of
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National Family Partnership
|This article relies too much on references to primary sources. (September 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)|
The National Family Partnership (NFP), formerly known as the National Federation of Parents for Drug Free Youth, was created in 1980 by parents across America in response to the rising level of youth drug use. It is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. The Partnership also assists in forming parent groups in all 50 States by providing education to parents about the health risks of drug use. Nancy Reagan was founding and honorary Chair of the National Family Partnership.
The mission of the National Family Partnership is nurturing full potential. The National Family Partnership works to accomplish its mission through parent training, parent networking and sponsoring the National Red Ribbon Campaign. "[Ev]ery year about 90,000 schools across the country participate" in the Red Ribbon Campaign. The Red Ribbon Campaign is an opportunity to send a consistent "Anti-Drug" message to young people.
The comedian and actress, TV personality star Carol Burnett first referenced the NFP in an article about her daughter's drug use in a popular magazine ("Good Housekeeping"?), introducing thousands of parents to a nationwide effort at NFP's beginning. The first meeting in Washington, D.C. brought together concerned parents from nearly all states in the union, to educate themselves about the harmful effects of marijuana and other common drugs of use and abuse by young people, and raised awareness of the proliferation of misleading information about these drugs in the schools and health agencies. While in Washington, parents lobbied their U.S. Senators and Representatives for stricter legislation regarding marijuana possession in any amount and stricter penalties for drug dealers. Many gained the confidence to overcome living in the shadows with a young drug user in the family to speaking out about the new studies on the hazards of drug use upon youth in particular. Parent groups sprung up in communities across the nation to change the public perception that marijuana use was "acceptable," by educating others about the weed's effect upon the brain and reproductive organs and its long-lingering effects.
- ProPublica, Mike Tigas, Sisi Wei,. "Nonprofit Explorer - ProPublica". ProPublica. Retrieved 2017-03-29.
- Zaske, Sara. "Germany Is Taking Away Kindergarteners' Toys to Curb Future Addiction". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2017-03-29.
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Tillandsias, and other members of the Air Plant Database, do their best work up high. Travel in the southern United States, or Central and South America, and you see them living way up in the trees, sometimes covering entire branches
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Tillandsias, and other members of the Air Plant Database, do their best work up high. Travel in the southern United States, or Central and South America, and you see them living way up in the trees, sometimes covering entire branches like some kind of vegetative fur. But unlike the basketball star Mr. Jordan, who is simply able to reach great heights, these plants seem to live and grow in nothing but air.
In a sense, they do live on air. Though a few are terrestrial, most tillandsias are epiphytes, a two-bit word that means they use other plants for support. But, as opposed to parasitic plants such as mistletoe, they're respectable guests and don't steal nutrients from their hosts. They have roots, but these serve primarily to hold the plants in place. Tillandsias get all the moisture they need from fog or rainfall, and all the nutrients they need from the dust, leaves, and debris that collect around them.
Tillandsias are a genus of the bromeliad family, the best known of which is the pineapple. Of the approximately 2,000 species of bromeliads, 600 are tillandsias. The best-known tillandsia is Spanish moss (T. usneoides), which is a common sight hanging in lacy strands from live oaks and bald cypresses throughout the Gulf Coast region.
There are two main types of tillandsias, and it's easy to distinguish them: some are gray or mostly so, and some are green.
The gray kinds grow naturally in tropical forests where long droughts are common. Their gray leaves reflect sunlight, conserving moisture in the leaves and so helping the plants survive. Green-leaved tillandsias are native to rainy, humid tropical forests. You can grow either indoors, but our homes (and the care most gardeners give) more closely approximate the dry tropics than the humid tropics, so gray kinds are a better bet indoors.
As with most plants, imitating their natural environment is the best way to display tillandsias. That means attaching them to trees outdoors (if you live where winters are frostless, USDA Hardiness Zones 10 and 11), or on branches, driftwood, slabs of bark, or similar material indoors.
The key to establishing a tillandsia on a piece of wood is to secure it firmly in place until its roots can reach out to the tree or mount and attach themselves. You must take care that the plant is firmly secured and not wobbly. Use wire ties, narrow-gauge wire, monofilament fishing line, or adhesive, whichever you find easiest to use and best adapted to the plant and support you're using. Our favorite tool is hot glue. Tillandsia specialist Paul Isley, owner of Rainforest Flora in Los Angeles, uses a ready-to-use adhesive, Tilly Tacker. Don't use epoxy or petroleum-based glues; they may harm the plants.
Once you've selected the mounting material, experiment with different placements for your plants to see if you like the look. Don't situate plants in deep pockets where water will collect, and where light and air movement are blocked. Standing water around leaves causes the plant to rot. Trim long roots to make mounting easier. Small, stemless plants are easy to glue directly to the smooth surface of a branch. Narrow drill holes are also suitable for plants with particularly narrow bases, such as T. purpurea. In either case, apply hot glue or other adhesive directly onto the surface or in the hole of the mounting material, and put the plant into it. If you use hot glue, let the glue cool for 20 seconds or so before putting the plant into it.
Caring for Tillandsias
In winter, plants need bright light, good air circulation, and once-a-week watering. In summer, provide filtered bright light and more frequent watering, as well as monthly fertilizing with a liquid product at quarter-strength.
Your maintenance regime depends partly upon how you display your plants. If they're mounted or positioned so they're not easy to move, mist the plants with a spray bottle. If they are not attached to a mount, immerse the entire plant in water for up to 12 hours every other week or so.
In frost-free areas, tillandsias can grow outdoors all year. Start by attaching them to the branches of trees. They'll soon adapt, requiring no additional care, and will eventually spread.
Propagate tillandsias by separating offsets that are a third the size of the mother plant. Use a knife or pruning shears if they don't pull apart readily.
Some Tillandsia Favorites
Of the hundreds of species of tillandsias, here are some of the ones you are most likely to encounter in nurseries or by mail order:
T. aeranthos has 4-inch-long s
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A 50x1cm steam plasma tube at 4 atmospheres produces 1.2MW of heat – generating the power for 80 electricity users. So people set up a steam plasma tube in their garage, and the national grid pays
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A 50x1cm steam plasma tube at 4 atmospheres produces 1.2MW of heat – generating the power for 80 electricity users. So people set up a steam plasma tube in their garage, and the national grid pays then 6 million a year/
Saudi Arabia, Venezuela and Russia have agreed on quota reductions. This will just get firms to use a engineer to set up a steam plasma power system one evening.
So less oil and gas will be burnt. There is a massive excess of gas, so reducing oil will just increase gas demand in the short term – then next week more Molecular Nuclear Fusion.
Things are different than during the oil crisis of 1974. The world now knows how to do nuclear fusion – and it isn't hard: let me explain
A steam plasma breaks up water molecules
So we get 2 protons bonded to neutrons – which are hydrogen nuclei,
An atom is mostly empty space. But at we increase the plasma pressure, the proton electron interaction rise exponentially.
2 p++e- ->n0
So we form more neutrons. These don't interact with the fast moving electrons. They bond with the ions
3 16O2++4n0 ->8H+ H+=p+.1/2n0
This is termed plasma burn. A gas plasma steadily causes the matter to enrich, and fission – ending up with hydrogen.
4 H++rn0 ->Er3+L+X-ray
Each hydrogen ion that fission ends up as 2x1018W of power. That is 200MMMMMW. This is a frightening amount of energy. Some of which is used to drive the fissioning of oxygen into hydrogen.
But still our 50x1cmsteam plasma releases 1.2MW of heat – we use to drive a steam cycle.
For power stations (With a Carnot system cooling the exit steam) 9 1mx2cm steam plasma tubes will drive a 100MW power station.
The Carnot system return 85% of the system heat as a hot gas, to meet the liquid water through fire tubes.
So no oil or gas burn. OPEC was a big mover in the Global Warming fiction – as it boosted oil price, as supply was depressed.
Themselves and nuclear power were desolate, as the global climate started cooling 21 years ago. Just 6 years, until the NATURAL CLIMATE moves into a warming phase.
Global photosynthesis converts the nights CO2 into plant biomass. Man's CO2 is only 0.00004% - so much less important than a local forest fire.
Burning oil is a massively deficient way to do Molecular Nuclear Fusion
45kW/m – as most of the nuclear fusion energy is taken in oxidising the carbon radical. So the oil price will continue to fall to 0. Quota reductions will decrease oil revenues, and speed the total replacement of oil: Has Saudi Arabia actually realised, it is helping kill off its doomed industry?
To set up a steam plasma tube, we use a paint stripper to supply steam – t oa preheated tube. We borrow the electronics from a fluorescent light. As we fire up the tube at 4 atmospheres, it self sustain, producing our 1.2MW od heat. We fire up the tube in a water boiler, and rapidly screw down the top.
Within 3 minutes the water boils. And continue boiling as we augment the steam pressure, with 5x10-17cc of regular water per decade.
We drive a steam cycle, and produce power. With no Fossil Fuels burn. No hyper toxic nuclear fission from uranioum. So unlimited free heat, from a tube costing 200 UK pounds – that never needs fueling (Exceot miniscule amuont of regular water). No toxic radioactive waste. We produce X-rays, light and heat.
Concrete blocks the first 2, the heat we use to drive a steam cycle. So NO oil, gas, coal or enriched uranium. Making the world a cheaper, safer less toxic place.
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GREAT WATERS, STORIED PAST
The water, woods, and four seasons that attract today’s visitors to The Great Waters are the same natural resources that sustained the first settlers---the Anishinabeg--and the
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GREAT WATERS, STORIED PAST
The water, woods, and four seasons that attract today’s visitors to The Great Waters are the same natural resources that sustained the first settlers---the Anishinabeg--and the fur trappers and traders and miners and loggers who followed. The Anishinabeg, known as the Ojibwe or Chippewa Band, were the first people to call the land of The Great Waters home. They inhabited the upper Great Lakes basin more than 2,000 years ago and lived a nomadic life within the Eastern Upper Peninsula guided by the source of food supplies and the seasons:
• Springtime was spent in the Sugar bush tapping maple trees for syrup, at the rapids and rivers fishing the spring runs, and hunting migrating birds
• Summers were divided between villages established around fishing and fields they planted with corn, squash and potatoes, and at berry camps for gathering wild fruit and nuts
• Autumn meant hunting deer, bear, and migrating ducks and geese
• Wintertime brought everyone back to villages for the coldest season
Mackinac Island was a sacred gathering place to the Ojibwe, who believe it was the home of the Great Spirit Gitche Manitou. They thought the island in the straits resembled a turtle’s back and named it Michilimackinac, Land of the Great Turtle.
Mackinac’s Grand Hotel, summer cottages and main street Victorian architecture are unspoiled by motor vehicles; transportation is by horse-drawn carriage, bicycle or on foot.
Fort de Buade Museum, St. Ignace Named for the first fort built at St. Ignace in 1681, the museum explores the Native, French, British and American heritage of the area.
Museum of Ojibwa Culture, St. Ignace At the site of the 1671 mission, a former 1837 church houses more than 300 years of area Native and French history and archaeology. The museum shop carries a fine selection of Native art, crafts, music, and books, and elder in residence programs allows for interaction with those who still practice many tribal traditions depicted in the museum complex.
Marquette Mission Park, St. Ignace The grounds around the Museum of Ojibwa Culture contain the resting place of Father Jacques Marquette at the site where he established a mission at St. Ignace in 1671. There’s also a recreated two-story Indian longhouse with fire pit inside, and push-button recordings allow visitors to “hear” the voice of the missionary explorer.
Mackinac State Historic Parks The collection of important sites at the Straits of Mackinac includes five buildings in downtown Mackinac Island and the 18th century Fort Mackinac.
Castle Rock, St Ignace: With a 20-mile view of the Straits area, the Ojibwe called it “Pontiac’s Lookout.” The 195-foot tall limestone sea stack has been a tourist attraction owned by the same family since 1929.
Les Cheneaux Historical Museum, Cedarville The geology and heritage of the area from Native people through the logging era and development of “The Snows” as a vacationland are explained in a log house museum.
Drummond Island Historical Museum A model of the British Fort Drummond, ancient Indian artifacts and the tale of an early 20th century Finnish colony are highlights of exhibits in the museum made of logs from the island.
Wheels of History Museum, Brimley A railroad car and caboose house exhibits about the importance of trains to this eastern area of The Great Waters.
River of History Museum, Sault Ste. Marie Extensive explanation of the development of the area, from glacial to modern times.
Tower of History, Sault Ste. Marie The stories of early missionaries and a 360-degree view of the Soo Locks from the to of the 210-foot lookout.
Water Street Historic Block, Sault Ste. Marie The home of early settler John Johnston, a successful fur trader who arrived in the late 1700s, is among important structures under restoration.
Tahquamenon Logging Museum, Newberry The area’s lumbering past, including contributions by the Civilian Conservation Corps, is captured at this collection of restored structures. Occasional Lumberjack Breakfasts feature flapjacks cooked on a wood stove.
Native American dancing, singing, drumming, and traditional dress, food and art celebrate Indian culture at these annual events:
• Sault Tribe of Chippewa Indians Powwow and Summer Gathering, early July
• Rendezvous at the Straits in St. Ignace in late August combines a Powwow and a French voyageur encampment.
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The University Record, October 16, 1995
Researchers develop new weapon in HCMV battle
By Deborah Gilbert
News and Information Services
University of Michigan scientists have developed a potent new drug that has proved highly effective against HCM
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The University Record, October 16, 1995
Researchers develop new weapon in HCMV battle
By Deborah Gilbert
News and Information Services
University of Michigan scientists have developed a potent new drug that has proved highly effective against HCMV (human cytomegalovirus) in cell culture. Although HCMV is generally harmless in individuals with normal immune systems, HCMV attacks AIDS patients and other immunocompromised individuals, including neonates and bone marrow and organ transplant patients. HCMV also has been implicated in dementia in AIDS patients and in some failures of angioplasty.
The new drug, BDCRB---one of a class of compounds called benzimidazole ribonucleosides---is more potent and less toxic than ganciclovir and foscarnet, the two drugs currently used to treat HCMV. Furthermore---unlike ganciclovir---BDCRB has been used safely in combination with the AIDS drug AZT in cell culture.
The compound and other members of its class have been licensed by the U-M to Glaxo Wellcome Inc., which is currently conducting pre-clinical studies.
The new compound is described in the Sept. 29 issue of the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry by Leroy B. Townsend, professor of medicinal chemistry in the College of Pharmacy, and John C. Drach, a professor in the School of Dentistry and in medicinal chemistry.
Townsend's group originally synthesized the lead compound in the class, which was dubbed TCRB, over 20 years ago as a potential anti-cancer agent.
"The initial evaluation of TCRB established that it possessed significant anti-viral activity. A 10-year collaboration with Drach's laboratory followed, funded by more than $5 million from the National Institutes of Health. The collaboration resulted in the rational design and synthesis of the extremely potent BDCRB," Townsend explained.
The drug, BDCRB, operates in a unique fashion. "Most anti-viral agents work by blocking the replication of the virus's DNA," said Drach. "BDCRB, however, appears to interfere with the placement of the DNA into a new virus."
In the process of being assembled, human cytomegalovirus makes a longer piece of DNA than it needs. "We are speculating, but it seems that part of the DNA is wound up like a spool of rope inside the virus while the rest dangles outside through an opening in the wall of the virus," Drach said.
"Before the virus assembly can be completed and the virus can move on to infect another cell, the dangling portion of the DNA must be clipped off and the opening sealed. Our compound, BDCRB, seems to `jam the clipper' in some fashion that we do not yet fully understand, so the virus cannot be completed, become infectious and spread."
"As far as we know, no other anti-viral drug acts by this mechanism," Townsend added.
In August, Townsend and Drach received a new $2.5 million grant from the National Institute of Allergic and Infectious Diseases, one of the institutes of NIH, to continue their research on BDCRB and other drugs for HCMV infections.
Other researchers currently involved in the development of BDCRB include Karen K. Biron, principal scientist at Glaxo Wellcome, in whose laboratory key discoveries were made that showed the drug acts by blocking the clipping process; and Earl R. Kern, research professor at the University of Alabama, Birmingham, who helped define the drug's specificity for the human virus.
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In recent times, the role of Turkey is growing in the Middle East due to the Syrian events increasing the general tension in the region. It is no secret that Turkey has an interest in spreading its political influence on neighboring sub-regions, for example
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In recent times, the role of Turkey is growing in the Middle East due to the Syrian events increasing the general tension in the region. It is no secret that Turkey has an interest in spreading its political influence on neighboring sub-regions, for example in the South Caucasus or Central Asia. Such directions of Turkish geopolitical development are not new in the history of the country. At the same time, and it is very important, motives and reasons for them are different. In the early 20th century political development of the Ottoman Empire was defined by a difficult complex of internal contradictions and external disability; but today revival of old ideas is initiated by the economically, politically and military strong country.
In the early 20th century Turkish emissaries began to penetrate the Russian territory, considering a priori principle that Muslim and Turk population of the Caucasus and Turkestan is against the Russian government. Under the guise of traders, dervishes, and religious teachers they collected money for anti-Russian propaganda and organized armament storages. A special analytical center was organized in Kabarda – the Bureau of Information on Internal Life of Russia. Turkish committees secretly acted in Irkutsk, Ufa, Orenburg, Samara, Baku, and Moscow. Even recruiting of Russian officers was used for getting tactical information.
However, Turkey repeated the German strategy of activity in the same regions, trying to involve the Caucasus and Central Asia into its political field, while Germany was aimed at weakening of the Great Britain and Russia. The old Turkish elites were ineffective, while the Young Turks government was torn by contradictions.
Meanwhile, Turkey experienced the systemic crisis, including economy, during implementation of such a significant political project. Turkish military and political circles’ independent activities didn’t go beyond the general German strategy and were subsidiary, while geopolitical aims surpassed abilities.
> Caucasus Map
After the defeat in the First World War and Europisation during presidency of Mustafa Kemal, a turn to thoughtful and reasonable political steps was undertaken. During the Second World War the president Ismeth Inonu held the country from acting on the side of Hitler and on the side of Allies. In 1952 Turkey joined NATO and became a strategic southern platform of the bloc directly near borders of the Soviet Union.
The former political targets were revealed in modern times. The key reason was political and economic stability of Turkey, which it lacked during the Ottoman period. In the early 2000s Turkish economy began to demonstrate a stable growth. It is connected with the work of the government headed by Recep Erdogan. In 2001 inflation was 70%, in 2004 it fell to 10%, in first quarter of 2008 it was 4.72%. The real growth of GDP will remain at the 6% level in 2011-2017.
It is difficult to give a clear-cut characteristic to Turkish ambitions because it implements many-sided policy. On the one hand, the country experiences revival of the Ottoman ideas. In modern times they are strictly geoeconomic and cultural. Turkey invests into Central Asian and South Caucasian states; about 10 thousand citizens of these countries are studying in Turkish schools and universities.
The focus is made at international cooperation within Turk community. Execution of the modern Turk idea expressed in establishing of the Turk Council in 2009 which includes Turkey, Kazakhstan, and Azerbaijan.
In addition, Ankara tries to play a key role in transit of oil and gas from Central Asia to the Western markets being an active participant of the pipeline project Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan. The oil and gas transit contributed to approaching with Azerbaijan which led to the Turkish-Azerbaijani Union in 1998. Georgia is also an important part of the Turkish strategy in the situation of tension with Iran and Armenia. Georgia is a link with Azerbaijan and Central Asian countries.
On the other hand, Turkey wants to be a mediator of Russian-American relations in the Caucasus and makes very thoughtful steps. Situating within the circle of instability (the Balkans – the Middle East – the Caucasus), Turkey is inclined to cooperation with the US. However, it doesn’t want to worsen relations with Russia. According to the State Statistics Institute of Turkey
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Butner, situated in Granville County, is a small town made up of 6.6 square miles...
September 7, 2016
The Town of Butner was managed by the state of North Carolina from 1947 to
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Butner, situated in Granville County, is a small town made up of 6.6 square miles...
September 7, 2016
The Town of Butner was managed by the state of North Carolina from 1947 to 2007, but was officially incorporated in 2007. The town was the location of the U.S. Army's Camp Butner; named after Major General Henry W. Butner. Butner is surrounded by many state and federal prisons.
The median resident age in Butner is 42 years. The median estimated household income is about $46,000 making it about $1,000 more than the North Carolina average. The estimated per capita is about $21,000. The average price for a home in Butner is about $129,000 (2013) which is $26,000 less than the North Carolina Average. Expect to pay about $800 a month for rent.
The racial makeup of Butner is 53% White, 30% Black, 15% Hispanic, and 2% other. 80% of the population are high school graduates, with 10% holding a Bachelor's Degree or higher. 46% are married, 10% are divorced, 4% are separated, 6% are widowed, leaving 34% that have never been married.
Butner belongs to Granville County in the northern part of North Carolina. The County, named after John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville, is part of the Oxford, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area. Granville County has a population of 60,000 and its largest city Oxford, with a population of 8,500, is the county seat.
The county was established in 1746 from part of Edgecombe County. Granville County was one of the many counties where the Tuscarora War took place. After the war when the natives were defeated; many farmers and families settled in Granville County and started growing tobacco. The farmers relied heavily on slave labor, and had over 10,000 slaves working on their farms by the beginning of the Civil War. About 2,000 men from Granville County fought for the Confederacy during the Civil War.
Granville County and Halifax County were important mining locations in the late 1800's and early 1900's. They mined silver, copper, tungsten, and gold in the area. The Richmond to Danville Railroad was vital in getting their goods to bigger cities like Washington, DC and Richmond.
Many manufacturing businesses were built in Granville County in the 1950's and 1960's. The area gradually moved from agriculture to manufacturing, and today the county makes tires, cosmetics, and clothing.
Granville County borders Halifax (Virginia), Mecklenburg (Virginia), Vance, Franklin, Wake, Durham, and Person counties.
Granville County is made up of 536 square miles. 532 of which is land with the remaining 4 as water.
The population of Butner, NC is about 7,600. The town has been rapidly increasing since the 1980's.
The elevation of Butner, NC is 371 feet above sea level.
The zip code for Butner, NC is 27509.
The area code for Butner, NC is 919.
Historically speaking Butner and Granville County have voted mostly Democrat. 52% went to Barack Obama during the 2012 Presidential Election. This represents the trend for the previous four or five elections, but in 2004 they voted Republican.
As of 2010, 58% of the population are religiously unafiliated (Nones). About 41% are Protestants with Catholics making up around 1%.
The unemployme
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Every New Year’s Day, modern-day patriots gather at Prospect Hill in Somerville, Mass., where Gen. George Washington Jan. 1, 1776 witnessed the raising “Grand Union,” the first uniquely American flag.
Although, the
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Every New Year’s Day, modern-day patriots gather at Prospect Hill in Somerville, Mass., where Gen. George Washington Jan. 1, 1776 witnessed the raising “Grand Union,” the first uniquely American flag.
Although, the English soliders garrisoned in nearby Boston may have dismissed the raising as a symbolical gesture, but at the very moment, Gen. Henry Knox was finishing a 300-mile trek with 60 cannon captured from Fort Ticonderoga, an English fort on the New York banks of Lake Champlain. Knox arrived at Washington’s Cambridge heaquarters Jan. 24, 1776 and by March batteries in Cambridge and Dorchester Heights made the English garrison in Boston untenable.
The English left Boston March 17, 1776, a holiday still celebrated in Boston as “Evacuation Day.”
(Photos courtesy of the City of Somerville’s Historical Preservation Commission)
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Oct 13, 2016Growing giant pumpkins presents giant challenges
Anyone who has gone to a pumpkin patch knows pumpkins can get so heavy they’re hard to lift, but some pumpkin enthusiasts produce pumpkins so big they need to be
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Oct 13, 2016Growing giant pumpkins presents giant challenges
Anyone who has gone to a pumpkin patch knows pumpkins can get so heavy they’re hard to lift, but some pumpkin enthusiasts produce pumpkins so big they need to be lifted by forklift! The production of giant pumpkins is a hobby and occasionally a small aspect of a pumpkin operation, but breaking into the world of thousand-pound (or more) pumpkins involves complex genetic lineages, specialized care, some money and a great deal of passion.
Even a 1,700-pound pumpkin starts from one single seed, but obtaining these seeds isn’t as easy as picking up a pack from a garden center. While most giant pumpkins are descendants of commercially available varieties, careful breeding by growers helps them obtain their enormous size. Like race horses with detailed records of parentage, giant pumpkins have detailed linages that assure their size.
The seed is the result of careful crossing of different pumpkin plants, often obtained from a network of fellow giant pumpkin growers. For example, a grower will get the seed from a pumpkin that weighed 1,500 pounds, plant it, and when it blossoms, cross it with another pumpkin plant grown from a seed taken from a pumpkin that weighed 2,000 pounds. This ensures the resulting pumpkin comes from winning stock, but since breeding is a numbers game, it does not ensure every plant from the cross will produce larger fruit than its parents. Seed prices are not for the faint of heart, as it is often auctioned off and can go for over $1,000 a seed.
Genetics alone isn’t enough to produce a pumpkin weighing more than an entire family, it also takes a lot of hard work and diligence. The pumpkin has to be carefully tended through watering, fertilizing and pruning so all the plant’s energy goes into just one pumpkin fruit. This may mean training vines so they grow in certain directions, a significant task since large pumpkins come from large plants that can cover 2,000 square feet or more. The goal is to maximize the amount of sunlight received by the leaves as well as the amount of water and nutrients available to the roots, helping it reach extreme weight and size.
Large pumpkins will need daily attention. Producers are either watering, fertilizing, pruning, covering and otherwise caring for them much like a pet. Plants are allowed to only have one fruit, but that fruit can’t be allowed to set until the plant reaches a certain size otherwise the plants can’t continue to size a plant at the same time it is sizing a fruit. Since pumpkins put out roots at the nodes, these roots need pruning, otherwise the vine becomes anchored and as the fruit expands in size, it can actually break the fruit off the plant.
People who have seen giant pumpkins often ask not only about their size, but also their shape and coloring. Rarely do they have the perfect round shape and orange color, which people expect but is rarely possible as these giants need protection from the elements. While it is key leaves get sunlight, when the pumpkin fruit is exposed to direct sunlight the exposed area hardens and becomes resistant to expansion, which causes the fruit to crack. To combat this, growers cover the fruit with tarps or a sheet, which causes the pumpkins to be white or a pale orange.
The shapes of giant pumpkins rarely resemble the perfect orb of Cinderella’s pumpkin carriage. This is due to their rapid growth and weight gain. These pumpkins put on as much as 40 pounds a day and the rapid weight gain causes the fruit wall to collapse.
If you are interested in getting into the production of these behemoths, there are many resources and forums available online, though it should be known that producing these pumpkins is an intensive hobby. Also, keep in mind that many of the secrets to large pumpkin production are safely guarded, and don’t expect a prize winner on your first attempt. While there can be money in winning giant pumpkin weigh-offs or when the right customer is found, generally this isn’t a venture entered for profit. Those interested in seeing a giant pumpkin can look online for giant pumpkin weigh-offs, which occur in over 35 states.
For more information, visit www.msue.msu.edu.
Source: Michigan State University Extension
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It has been revealed according to a recent report that the US space agency NASA is hoping to launch a brand new robotic rover for the exploration of Mars. This is being done to find the signs of life on the red ball.
The name of this
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It has been revealed according to a recent report that the US space agency NASA is hoping to launch a brand new robotic rover for the exploration of Mars. This is being done to find the signs of life on the red ball.
The name of this rover is the Mars Science Laboratory, and it is going to be a huge vehicle being sent to Mars for the first time. It is a six-wheeled vehicle and shall be ready for launch from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, from an Atlas V Rocket.
This is like a dream vehicle the NASA has been devotedly working on, since years. This is one of the best developed vehicles sent to space so far and the NASA, as well the entire world has high hopes from it.
The price of this monster vehicle is USD 2.5 billion, and the name is Curiosity. The main aim of this Space machine is to find information from Mars, about the possible life that was ever present there. There is also going to be hints found on whether life is now possible on Mars.
There is a robotic arm that the great vehicle has and has a drill that is attached to a host of scientific features as well. It has two clear video cameras as well. It is also going to collect rocks and soil from the surface of the planet.
The time it will take to travel to Mars is approximately nine months, if all goes as planned, and then it is going to be able to give information and data to the scientists back home. If there are interesting facts found on the planet, this might be one of the most historical achievements made by man in the modern day.
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Information identified as archived is provided for reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It is not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards and has not been altered or updated since it was archived. Please "contact us" to request a format other than
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Information identified as archived is provided for reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It is not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards and has not been altered or updated since it was archived. Please "contact us" to request a format other than those available.
Immigrants’ perspectives on their first four years in Canada: Highlights from three waves of the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada
Grant Schellenberg and Hélène Maheux
The experiences of immigrants during the settlement process can be examined from a number of different perspectives. Over the past 15 years, settlement in Canada has most often been examined in terms of immigrants’ labour market and financial experiences. Among the topics investigated are the earnings trajectories of immigrants after arrival, the economic returns to their foreign credentials and e
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I’ve previously written about dangerous and wrong assumptions about human nature. That the view of humans as fundamentally self-interested limits us to ineffective methods of motivation, and that we actually have evolved to cooperate.
I’ve heard more evidence over the last few
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I’ve previously written about dangerous and wrong assumptions about human nature. That the view of humans as fundamentally self-interested limits us to ineffective methods of motivation, and that we actually have evolved to cooperate.
I’ve heard more evidence over the last few days at the Imagine conference that humans are naturally cooperators. Let me give you a couple of examples.
David Erdal, author of the brilliant book Beyond the Corporation looked at first contact reports of hunter-gatherer tribes. He found that across the world they all had one thing in common: When they hunted meat, it was shared amongst all members of the group. You might expect that it was shared mostly with close family to help propagate ones own ‘selfish genes’ or shared in reciprocal agreements between individuals, but in every case it was discovered that ‘the criteria for receiving meat was simply having a mouth to feed.’
This is group selection in action – something that for many years even Richard Dawkins denied (but I believe has since come around to in the face of the evidence.) Beyond an individual’s own genes, it’s advantageous for the whole group to be well fed. Hunting meat is sporadic and tribes where nobody goes hungry are ultimately better for everyone within them.
Bringing this up-to-date, there are modern studies which show that in more equal societies which have smaller gaps between rich and poor, there are lower instances of social problems like infant mortality, crime, teenage pregnancy, alcohol and drug abuse and domestic violence. Most interesting is that beyond a certain point in wealth, it’s income equality rather than extra income that correlates with healthier societies. And surprisingly, both rich and poor people in less equal societies suffer more from social problems. In other words, you are likely to enjoy a higher standard of wellbeing being slightly less well-off in a more equal society than richer in a less equal society. So cooperation with others in your society to create equality is actually in everyone’s best interest.
There is also cognitive psychology research (G. Cory, 2006) which indicates that humans have dual motives – ego and empathy. We have a drive to protect out self-interest but also others. This makes sense based on the evidence about cooperation. Further, it seems that the binary question of whether people are selfish or cooperators is actually wrong. I heard a speaker assert that studies have shown that around 40-45% of people are indeed more selfish dominated and the slight majority are inclined more towards cooperation. This is why the hiring process is so important for organisations which want to set up a high-performing team that works together towards common goals rather than an under-performing team of selfish individuals working solely in their own interests.
There are many examples which break the theory of the ultimately selfish human. In the hugely successful, employee-owned retailer John Lewis, partners (owners) have consistently invested in their own company on timescales that would benefit future generations of employees rather than themselves. They understand that empathy for future generations gave them the business that they benefit from today and they work to improve it for those that will follow them.
I talked to a director of a credit union in Australia over the weekend which is 100% owned by its members (customers.) He was planning to direct some of the organisation’s surplus (profit) into a new charitable fund and he expected that the members would be supportive of this and not only that, contribute more of their own money on top. There’s no explanation for this kind of behaviour in the model of the purely selfish human but it is very heartwarming to know that humans can and do think beyond themselves and behave cooperatively.
So yes, humans can be selfish, but we are a sophisticated species which has evolved to cooperate in order to reach higher levels of wellbeing for ourselves and the societies in which we live.
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Large and generally pale, whitish to dark brown in color, often with large dark brown blotches on the back. Distinguished from Marine Iguana by the rather pointed nose and from the Land Iguana by the more extensive row of
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Large and generally pale, whitish to dark brown in color, often with large dark brown blotches on the back. Distinguished from Marine Iguana by the rather pointed nose and from the Land Iguana by the more extensive row of spines along the back. Adult Male: Row of medium-length spines along neck, back and tail. In some individuals, the eyes become red. Adult Female: Considerably smaller than the adult male, with shorter spines.
Found throughout Santa Fe away from the shoreline, forming small colonies but often found singly. Like the other iguanas, males are highly territorial, defending their territories against intruders by engaging in head-butting battles. Mating occurs in February and March. Males can take up to 12 years to reach sexual maturity.
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The United States is sometimes described as a "melting pot" in which different cultures have contributed their own distinct "flavors" to American culture. Just as cultures from around the world have influenced American culture, today American culture influences the world.
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The United States is sometimes described as a "melting pot" in which different cultures have contributed their own distinct "flavors" to American culture. Just as cultures from around the world have influenced American culture, today American culture influences the world. The term Western culture often refers broadly to the cultures of the United States and Europe.
As the third largest country in the word with a population of more than 315 million, the United States is the most culturally diverse country in the world. The Northeast, South, Midwest, Southeast and Western regions of the United States all have distinct traditions and customs. Here is a brief overview of the culture of the United States.
There is no official language of the United States, although 31 of 50 states have made English their official language or given it exceptional status. More than 90 percent of the U.S. population speaks and understands at least some English, and most official business is conducted in English.
While almost every language in the world is spoken in the United States, Spanish, Chinese, French and German are among the most frequently spoken non-English languages. Each region of the United States, in particular the South, has its own spin on the language with unique pronunciations and phrases.
Nearly every known religion is practiced in the United States, which was founded on the basis of religious freedom. More than 75 percent of Americans identify themselves as Christians. About half are Protestant, about one-quarter are Catholic, and a small percentage are Mormon. After Christianity, Judaism is the second most-identified religious affiliation, at about 1.4 percent of the population. About 20 percent of the population has no religious affiliation.
Clothing styles vary by region and climate, but the American style of dressing is predominantly casual. Denim, sneakers and cowboy hats and boots are some items of clothing that are closely associated with Americans. Ralph Lauren, Calvin Klein, Michael Kors and Victoria Secret are some well-known American brands. American fashion is widely influenced by celebrities.
American cuisine has been influenced by Europeans and Native Americans in its early history. Today, there are a number of foods that are commonly identified as American, such as hamburgers, hot dogs, potato chips, macaroni and cheese and meat loaf. "As American as apple pie" has come to mean something that is authentically American.
There are also styles of cooking and types of foods that are specific to a region. Southern-style cooking is often called American comfort food and includes dishes such as fried chicken, collard greens, black-eyed peas and corn bread. Tex-Mex, popular in Texas and the Southwest, is a blend of Spanish and Mexican cooking styles and includes items such as chili and burritos and relies heavily on shredded cheese and beans.
The United States is widely known around the world as a leader in mass media production, including television and movies. The television broadcasting industry took hold in the United States in the early 1950s and American television programs are shown around the world. The United States also has a vibrant movie industry, centered in Hollywood, and Americ
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03 December 2010
Testing the atmosphere of an exoplanet
Astronomers have managed for the first time to measure the atmosphere surrounding a "super-Earth" extrasolar planet.
Planet, GJ 1214b,
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03 December 2010
Testing the atmosphere of an exoplanet
Astronomers have managed for the first time to measure the atmosphere surrounding a "super-Earth" extrasolar planet.
Planet, GJ 1214b, which is 40 light years away, is three times larger than Earth and about seven times heavier, and is the first planet of its kind known to have an atmosphere.
According to the BBC researchers have found that it appears to have either a dense atmosphere of water steam, or is wrapped in thick clouds like Venus.
More experiments measuring more colours of light will bear out which it is.
The method used could be used on many ground-based telescopes to yield atmospheric data on other exoplanets. It works by canceling out the disruptive effects of the Earth's atmosphere while that of far-flung worlds is measured from the ground.
"'Super-Earths' are really interesting, they're at the forefront of what's going on in exoplanet research," said Jacob Bean, the Harvard-Smithsonian University Center for Astrophysics scientist who led the research. "They're an interesting regime because they're defined as being the transition from terrestrial planets like Earth, Venus and Mars, up to the ice giants like Uranus and Neptune."
From what is known about GJ 1214b, three theories of its composition and atmosphere dominated. It could either be covered in a dense layer of steam, or it could be an icy, rocky world with a hydrogen or helium atmosphere, or perhaps a large rocky planet with a mixture of volcanic gases.
Drake Deming, of Nasa's Planetary Systems Laboratory said the work "opens the door to characterisng these kinds of super-Earth atmospheres".
"We've been seduced by the abundance of exoplanet results into thinking that these are routine measurements, but they're actually extraordinarily difficult," he told BBC News.
"This is certainly the most significant atmospheric exoplanet result in the last year - and a year is a long time in this field."
The next step is to carry out the same measurement using different colours of light, further into the infrared where the distinction can be made;.
I may be an utter ignoramus where physics is concerned but this is truly fascinating stuff. I daresay in a few years time such results will be routine
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IT is related of an English bishop that in reply to a request for permission to use certain forms from the Roman offices he said: “The English Book gives you a very good Mass; you will have to mumble that.” Like jokes made in
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IT is related of an English bishop that in reply to a request for permission to use certain forms from the Roman offices he said: “The English Book gives you a very good Mass; you will have to mumble that.” Like jokes made in a court of justice, one must reconstruct mentally the episcopal attitude in England to appreciate the wit. Leaving on one side the vexed question of interpolations, we shall find plenty of thorny roads to travel if we confine our investigations to “mumbling.”
It opens up the whole question crystallized by the Latin formula, “ex opere operato.” If the action outweighs the words, then the utterance of the words becomes a matter of secondary importance carried to an extreme we have it in the inaudible Low Mass often said by priests of the Latin obedience and. Unhappily, by some of our own. Undoubtedly in primitive times the “loud voice” was widely used in portions of the Liturgy which in the modern Roman rite was said almost inaudibly. Then Latin was a living tongue. The same phenomenon in the use of the Anglican rite should give us pause before we lay the burden of mumbling upon the use of a dead language. For, after making all due allowance for “senseless imitation” of Roman practices, the same reasons which operated to produce the Roman practice may still be in force and active. For the habit of mumbling arose while Latin was still the spoken language of all educated people. Mass was mumbled in Hungary while the debates in Parliament were carried on in Latin, even till the reign of Maria Theresa.
For it must be remembered that mumbling is almost wholly confined to the celebration of the Eucharist. The offices are usually recited at least in audible tones. They may be said too rapidly, but they are scarcely ever mumbled, if there is a congregation present. For Matins and Evensong all present have their books. If a tired priest must spare his voice he may well do so in those portions taken from the printed Prayer Book. But for the lessons the whole congregation is dependent upon the reader. Inarticulate reading is indefensible; even if the reader is morally certain that the lesson is incomprehensible to the people, he has no right to arouse in them the feeling that they may have missed something. Distinctness of articulation is much more important than volume of sound. It is moreover a mark both of good breeding and of good education to speak one’s own language intelligibly. Merely as literature the English Bible in any of its versions is magnificent prose and worthy of the most exact public reading. Yet, in avoiding the Scylla of inaudible or unintelligent reading, equally there must not be a falling into the Charybdis of a dramatic reading. As much offense may rightly be taken at a patronizing attitude, as towards a too mystic attitude. Nothing is so irritating as the pomposity which mouths the sacred scriptures in a way suggesting that the reader knows their inmost meaning. Yet a clear articulation may still leave the sense of awe which fell upon the writer as he set down thoughts too deep for words, and gave utterance to visions whose majesty transcends the utmost heights of human speech. Unless the reader feels the mystery of his subject, not only will he fail to convey the true impression of the revelation of God’s ways with men, but he will convey inevitably to his hearers an impression of his own impertinence.
And just a passing hint may be sufficient to remind the officiating minister that if, for any reason, he must spare his voice he should at least endeavor to mark the words at which the people take up their response. A very little emphasis is quite enough to gain this object.
But mumbling is rarely charged against a minister at other public offices, such as Baptism, or Holy Matrimony, or at Confirmation. No one expects the charge to both the parties at a marriage to be read as if it were a menace to the whole congregation. The more private portions may be read more priva
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How to Learn Vocabulary Fast
The most important task in language learning, in my opinion, is the acquisition of vocabulary. If we have enough words, we can make sense of what we’re reading or listening to and we can somehow express ourselves.
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How to Learn Vocabulary Fast
The most important task in language learning, in my opinion, is the acquisition of vocabulary. If we have enough words, we can make sense of what we’re reading or listening to and we can somehow express ourselves. Vocabulary is much more important than grammar. The grammar you acquire gradually as you become familiar with the language, with the words, but first of all you need words.
How do we acquire vocabulary?
There are two approaches. One is the deliberate study of vocabulary by reading vocabulary lists, flashcarding, keeping handwritten lists, these kinds of things. The other is to learn through a lot of exposure. Now, the strategy that you adopt will depend on your personal preference and also, in my view, how much time you have.
If you have a lot of time, six-seven hours a day as I did when I was studying Mandarin Chinese 45 years ago, then you can take an hour a day for the deliberate study of vocabulary. However, if you have one hour a day and two-thirds or three-quarters of that time, which I call dead time, is in your car, doing tasks around the house, walking the dog, then I suggest you don’t try to deliberately learn vocabulary.
There is significant research showing that what they call block learning – where you take some material and try to force yourself to learn it, reviewing it many, many times – is relatively inefficient. Interleaved learning, where you come across some information, then you forget it, you go look at some other information and you come back to that first information, so you’re sort of interleaving layers of different things, forgetting and relearning, actually enables you to learn things better.
Very quickly, the Law of Diminishing Returns sets in when we’re deliberately trying to learn something. It’s no longer fresh for our brain and the brain basically pushes back, whereas if you forget and come back to it you learn better. But if you have six-seven hours a day, there’s nothing wrong with spending some time reviewing flashcards.
If I look at my own pattern where I consume a lot of content through listening, reading and acquiring lots and lots of words, if I had to review them all in flashcards or on lists, I would spend all the time i have with the language doing it. I have to decide, do I want to spend my time reviewing words in flashcards or do I want to spend that time listening and reading to things of interest? I tend to do the listening and reading. I find that I acquire words very quickly and I have an enjoyable time doing it.
When to Speak
Of course, speaking is also helpful. What you hear the native speakers say while speaking is what I call high resonance, just as interesting content is high resonance. You notice things and learn vocabulary better if you’re engaged in a conversation. You also notice when you weren’t able to find the words yourself and then you hear someone else use them.
However, in my own case, I prefer to delay that speaking situation unless there’s a need: if I’m living in the country where the language is spoken. Otherwise, I prefer to delay it until I have something meaningful to say and can understand what the other person is saying. Otherwise, we end up with a very limited range of language that we’re exposed to like, “How are you?” “What’s your name?” “What’s the weather like?” etc.
Therefore, I prefer to give myself that significant exposure through listening and reading, quite confident that the high-frequency words will appear very often, the medium-frequency words will appear less often, but I will eventually get them, and the very low-frequency words, some will stick and some won’t. If they’re that low frequency, maybe I don’t really need them.
Ultimately, the choice is with the learner and my preference is to study in an enjoyable way. If I were in a course somewhere working five-six hours a day having to write an exam, I might take a different approach.
If you’re interested in this subject, please subscribe to my blog and also check out my YouTube channel where I talk about my experience in learning 16 languages.
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Adult fleas don’t shed their skin. However, the larval stage does. Flea larvae molt a total of four times. Two molts are completed between instars, and two molts are completed during pupation.
Only Flea
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Adult fleas don’t shed their skin. However, the larval stage does. Flea larvae molt a total of four times. Two molts are completed between instars, and two molts are completed during pupation.
Only Flea Larvae Molt
Molts Between Instars
Flea larvae develop through three stages. Corresponding with the stages, the larvae are called 1st, 2nd, or 3rd instars. For instance, newly hatched larvae are first instars. Each instar grows progressively larger than the last.
Img 1 Shed flea larvae casings (exuviae) from previous moults found in the environment.
Larvae are encased in an external cuticle (skin) that locks them into a fixed size. In order to grow, the larvae must shed the outer cuticle. This ecdysis (moulting) process occurs once between each stage—twice total. The old larval casings (exuviae) get left behind in the environment Img 1.
Adult Fleas don’t Molt or Grow
Adult fleas don’t molt, and thus they can’t grow. However, their abdomens are capable expanding while consuming a blood meal. Abdominal segments initially overlap, but they spread out during feeding to accommodate for volumes of blood. Engorged fleas are double their unfed size. They reach their maximum weight within 48 hours of feeding. Females grow substantially more than males.
Flea Debris Causes Allergies
Flea debris will accumulate within an infested home. This includes live and dead fleas, eggs, larvae, larval casings, and feces. When kicked up into the air, the detritus becomes part of household dust. The dust can trigger respiratory allergies or asthma, as flea debris contains allergens distinct from the antigens which cause bite reactions.
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Energy is needed for the organs to function. For liver and kidneys, the best way to supply the needed energy is through supplying compounds that are water soluble coming from fatty acids. These compounds are called the ketone bodies. It may beneficial, but
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Energy is needed for the organs to function. For liver and kidneys, the best way to supply the needed energy is through supplying compounds that are water soluble coming from fatty acids. These compounds are called the ketone bodies. It may beneficial, but it can only be so if it is maintained at a certain level. Otherwise, when it reached a high level and only little insulin is regulated, there is the chance for the ketoacidosis condition to develop. It comes in two types, and one of it is the alcoholic ketoacidosis. What is alcoholic ketoacidosis?
The Alcoholic Ketoacidosis
It is the type of ketoacidosis condition that involves ketones buildup in the blood. Ketones are described as an acid type that forms when one’s body starts breading down fat to have a supply of the needed energy. It is already considered as a severe case of metabolic acidosis.
Explanation of Alcoholic Ketoacidosis: The Development
For cells to function properly, it needs to be supplied with insulin and glucose sugar. Glucose comes from the food being eaten while the insulin is produced by the pancreas. Drinking alcohol affects the pancreas from producing insulin. Even if the insulin is affected only for a short time, without it, the cells will not be able to use up glucose for energy. When that happens, the body will switch to burning fat. As the burning of fats happen, ketone bodies also start building up in the bloodstream. As ketone buildup continues the risk of developing the ketoacidosis condition increases. As for the alcoholic ketoacidosis condition, it develops because of alcohol consumption.
The Cause of Alcoholic Ketoacidosis
Excessive drinking of alcohol for a long time can lead to the development of the condition. Most people who develop the condition are malnourished too.
Part of the explanation of alcoholic ketoacidosis is to discuss its symptoms. The condition involves several symptoms. However, the ones experienced depend on how much alcohol has been consumed. The amount of ketones present in the bloodstream is also a basis of the symptoms to be experienced. On both bases, the symptoms may include fatigue, abdominal pain, vomiting or nausea, irregular, rapid and deep breathing, and loss of appetite. It also includes sluggish movement, decreased alertness, changes in mental state like confusion or agitation and dehydration symptoms
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Georgia’s state adopted content standards are for all students in Kindergarten through 12th grade in the areas of English/Language Arts, Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies.
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and No Child Left
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Georgia’s state adopted content standards are for all students in Kindergarten through 12th grade in the areas of English/Language Arts, Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies.
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and No Child Left Behind (NCLB) require access to appropriate grade-level educational standards developed by the state be provided for students with significant cognitive impairments.
Access to Georgia’s content standards can be in the form of objectives in the Individual Education Program (IEP) aligned (matched) with Georgia’s content standards or in the form of grade-level activities in which the student will practice and use skills and knowledge. Students will be assessed on using these skills as part of their educational program through the Georgia Alternative Assessment (GAA), when required.
Providing access to grade-level content standards will be different for each student, based upon individual strengths and needs. Teachers may utilize different types of instructional materials to teach academic content (including pictures, symbols, tactile objects, adapted books, and assistive technology), and students may show understanding using different methods (including using Augmentative/Alternative Communication (AAC) devices to answer questions, matching symbols or tactile objects, using switches to make choices). Other skills important to the student, such as adapted behavior, self-help, communication and motor, will continue to be a part of each student’s IEP and instructional day.
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August 30, 2011
Extracting natural gas from shale can be done in an environmentally responsible way, says Stanford researcher on government panel
More and more natural gas is being extracted from underground shale deposits, but environmental concerns have been raised
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August 30, 2011
Extracting natural gas from shale can be done in an environmentally responsible way, says Stanford researcher on government panel
More and more natural gas is being extracted from underground shale deposits, but environmental concerns have been raised. Stanford geophysicist Mark Zoback, who recently served on a Department of Energy panel of experts, says it can be done safely.
By Louis Bergeron
A gas well in central California with the Sutter Buttes in the distance. (Photo: Calwest/Creative Commons)
Natural gas currently provides more than a quarter of the energy used in the United States and that fraction is likely to continue growing. New technologies are making it easier and more economical to produce natural gas from where it lies in shale formations deep underground. But as gas plays a bigger role in meeting our energy demands, safety and environmental concerns about the extraction process have mounted.
Earlier this year, President Obama instructed Secretary of Energy Steven Chu to put together a panel to address the safety and environmental aspects of shale gas production. Mark Zoback, a professor of geophysics at Stanford University, was asked to be part of that panel, which recently released its first report; He spoke with Stanford Report about shale gas as an energy source and the recommendations in the report.
Why has natural gas from shale become such a major energy source in the United States?
Fundamentally, it is due to several technological breakthroughs. We have known about these organic-rich shale formations for 100 years, but getting the natural gas out of these extremely impermeable rocks was essentially impossible.
Over the last five to 10 years, however, it has been demonstrated that by carefully controlled hydraulic fracturing in a well drilled horizontally into the shale, you can enhance the permeability of the shale to produce commercial quantities of gas.
According to the Energy Information Agency, natural gas deposits, both in the United States and the world, are absolutely enormous. According to some estimates, at current consumption rates there is enough gas to last for 100 years.
Is burning natural gas any better than burning coal or oil when it comes to global warming?
Burning coal currently provides about 50 percent of the electricity used in the United States and it accounts for about 40 percent of all U.S. carbon dioxide emissions, as well as a number of other pollutants. Generating electricity with natural gas reduces carbon emissions by about half. In a new study I've carried out with Prof. Steve Gorelick, we argue there is more than enough gas from shale in the U.S. to completely replace coal for generating electricity in the next 20-30 years. Countries such as China, India and Australia also use large quantities of coal for electrical power generation and switching to natural gas would dramatically reduce their emissions.
Natural gas is also a cleaner fuel for running cars and trucks than gasoline or diesel fuel. Estimates are that switching to natural gas would reduce carbon dioxide emissions from gasoline- and diesel-powered vehicles by about 25 percent. Using domestic natural gas for transportation could significantly lessen our dependence on imported oil.
Natural gas is also an ideal back-up for renewable energy sources such as solar and wind because gas-fired power plants start up quickly and are much more efficient and clean than coal-burning plants.
Speaking of renewables, wouldn't we be better off directing our efforts toward renewable resources such as solar, wind and water?
Absolutely. I see natural gas as a transition fuel to an energy future that is far less dependent on fossil fuels. But the global energy system is so huge that even if we move as quickly as possible to develop renewable energy sources such as wind, water and solar, we will need to continue using fossil fuels until mid-century.
Remember too that over this same period the demand for energy will continue going up dramatically because of increasing standards of living in China, India and the rest of the developing world. We have to address the many issues associated with energy and the environment on many fronts – we need to save energy through improved efficiency; more fully utilize renewables; and develop new clean energy sources.
To me, enhanced utilization of shale gas resources provides an opportunity to transition to clean and renewable sources over the next few decades while helping to meet current and growing global energy needs. Our study addressed some of the things that could be done to accomplish this while reducing the environmental impact of shale gas production.
The hydraulic fracturing or "fracking" of gas shale has raised concerns about potential damage to the environment and to human health. How serious are those concerns?
It is somewhat ironic that nearly all of the reported problems associated with shale gas development have been attributed to hydraulic fracturing, when in fact the exact opposite is the case. Most problems associated with shale gas wells have arisen from poor well construction – it is critically important to drill properly and to line the wells with steel casing that is properly cemented in place. Nonetheless, identifying measures to reduce the environmental impact and improve the safety of shale gas production are precisely the issues the subcommittee was asked to address in our report.
There are three main aspects of hydraulic fracturing that have caused concern: the chem
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Whether you play with your little one, or have him play alone, this fun game will help your student learn his alphabet. He’s asked to sort the words that start with E
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¿Qué puedo hacer?
Acerca de este recurso...
Whether you play with your little one, or have him play alone, this fun game will help your student learn his alphabet. He’s asked to sort the words that start with E into one pile and those that don’t into another. Useful for practicing Common Core Standards for kindergarten and 1st grade Language, you may also use it with other students as necessary.
It is an educational content by K12 Reader.
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