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In this video we are going to be looking at consonant pairs. The consonants are the sounds represented by the symbols in Blue on the Phonetic Chart. In this video we are only going to be looking at the top two rows. These sounds
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In this video we are going to be looking at consonant pairs. The consonants are the sounds represented by the symbols in Blue on the Phonetic Chart. In this video we are only going to be looking at the top two rows. These sounds are referred to as Consonant pairs because the sounds can all be put into pairs where both are produced in a very similar way.
Consonant Pairs: /p/ and /b/
The first pair is /p/ and /b/. If you watch carefully when I say the sound, you will see that the shape of my mouth is the same for both sounds; /p/ and /b/. I use both my lips to stop the flow of air and then release it /p/ and /b/. The only difference is that the /b/ is voiced and the /b/ is aspirated.
Voiced means that the sound starts in my throat and it is produced by the vocal chords. If you feel your throat when you say the sound you should be able to feel some vibration.
The /p/ is not voiced but it is aspirated, this means that when you say the sound a short burst of air will come out of your mouth, you can feel it if you put your hand in front of your mouth.
For more on Voiced and Aspirated sounds, have a look at these links. You can also click on any of the symbols that appear in this video and you will be taken to a video that looks at that one sound in more detail. Here are some example words for /p/ and /b/:
Consonant Pairs: /t/ and /d/
The second pair is /t/ and /d/. Again if you look at my mouth you won’t see any difference between the sounds.
The sounds are produced by stopping the flow of air with the tongue just behind the teeth and then releasing it. But /d/ is voiced and /t/ is aspirated. Lets look at some example words:
Consonant Pairs: /ʧ/ and /ʤ/
The third pair is /ʧ/ and /ʤ/. These sounds are very similar to the /t/ and /d/ but they are longer and the sound is produced by pushing air over the tongue and through the teeth. The /ʤ/ is voiced and the /ʧ/ is aspirated. As in the words:
Consonant Pairs: /k/ and /g/
The next pair is /k/ and /g/. These sounds are produced by stopping and releasing air flow with the back of the tongue almost at the top of your throat. /g/ is voiced and /k/ is aspirated. Lets look at some examples:
Consonant Pairs: /f/ and /v/
Then we have /f/ and /v/. Now we are constricting airflow between the bottom lip and the upper teeth. So to make this sound correctly your bottom lip needs to touch your upper teeth. /v/ is voiced and /f/ is aspirated. Here are some examples:
Consonant Pairs: /θ/ and /ð/
Then we have /θ/ and /ð/. With these sounds you need to stick your tongue out a little bit, because the sound is made by the air flow being directed through the top teeth with the tongue. /ð/ is voiced and /θ/ is aspirated. Here are some examples:
Consonant Pairs: /s/ and /z/
And then it’s /s/ and /z/. With these sounds, air is pushed over our tongue and through our teeth. /z/ is voiced.
- house (n.)
- house (v.)
Consonant Pairs: /ʃ/ and /ʒ/
And finally /ʃ/ and /ʒ/. Again we are pushing air through our teeth but our lips are more rounded and our tongue is lower in our mouth so the air flow is less intense.
So those are the consonant pairs. Remember you can see our other videos on the other sounds as well as videos on other aspects of phonetics by clicking on these links.
Thanks for watching. Check out the video description for links to our website where you can find free and premium material related to this video. You can also find us on Twitter, Facebook, and skype. If you have any questions or comments or would like to arrange online classes please get in touch.
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*Note: this is a district-only feature.
Please Note: In Chrome, the 'Block third party cookies and site data' box must be unchecked in order to be able to add text in the question editor. If you cannot enter text,
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*Note: this is a district-only feature.
Please Note: In Chrome, the 'Block third party cookies and site data' box must be unchecked in order to be able to add text in the question editor. If you cannot enter text, please make sure this box is not checked in your Chrome settings.
After you have added the item to the district item bank, you are ready to begin defining the classification item. A classification question is a drag and drop type item that asks students to classify possible responses into specific cells in response to a stimulus. There are three sections that are used to define the classification answer:
- Answer Key
How to Create a Classification Item for an Item Bank
- To add an optional passage or a calculator, click the Add Passage or the Add Tool button.
- In the Basic section, add the question in the Stimulus field.
- In the Formatting section, enter the number of columns that you want in the table, and then click the Add button to add the column titles.
- Return to the Basic section, and click the Add button on the right of Possible Responses to add responses (these are the answers that the student will drag and drop into the columns).
- Next, in the Answer Key section, click the + symbol on the right of Valid Response for cell 1.
- Select the correct response for the first cell on the chart. Click the + symbol again to add the rest of the correct responses for that cell. Do the same thing for the remaining cells until all valid responses have been added to the correct cells.
- Before you publish the item, validate that the answers are functioning correctly. To do this, select the answers in the preview pane and click the Validate icon. Correct answers should be highlighted in green and incorrect answers should be highlighted in red.
- After you have finished creating the item, click the Publish button to share the item with any district teachers, or click the Publish and Reserve button to share the question with district administrators only.
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How to deal with it in an examination
- By: John Fleming, Matthew Seymour
Psoriatic arthritis occurs in up to 10% of people with skin psoriasis and can precede or follow the skin disease by months or years.
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How to deal with it in an examination
- By: John Fleming, Matthew Seymour
Psoriatic arthritis occurs in up to 10% of people with skin psoriasis and can precede or follow the skin disease by months or years. In addition to inflammation of the joints, psoriatic arthritis has other, extra-articular features including nail changes, enthesitis (inflammation at the site in which a tendon inserts into bone, commonly the plantar fascia and Achilles tendon insertions), and ocular inflammation, such as conjunctivitis or, less often, iritis or uveitis.
Psoriatic arthritis can resemble rheumatoid arthritis. Distinguishing the two is largely a matter of clinical judgment, looking at the pattern of joints affected, although a negative rheumatoid factor blood test can be useful to rule out rheumatoid arthritis. Box 1 summarises the different treatments for psoriatic arthritis (box 1).
Psoriatic arthritis is classified into five types. In clinical practice, a high degree of overlap exists between categories, but this system helps to explain the disease.
Ask the patient
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- The physical activity guidelines of 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) a week can be built into your schedule over 2-7 days. The health benefits of being active 4 days vs. 2 days are the same
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- The physical activity guidelines of 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) a week can be built into your schedule over 2-7 days. The health benefits of being active 4 days vs. 2 days are the same. The key is the total minutes of activity that you get in weekly.
You can start by checking out health benefits. Additional health benefits are received when you reach 300 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity weekly. Keep this in mind as you move more and increase your physical activity in the near future.
People of all types, shapes, sizes and abilities can benefit from being physically active. We have tips on getting started and activity ideas for you.
- Health Benefits You can receive numerous benefits from regular physical activity.
- Getting Started If you haven't been active recently, here are some tips to getting started.
- Activity Ideas With planning and a little creativity, even the busiest people can fit physical activity into their schedule.
Here are some easy ideas that build physical activity into your daily routine.
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Should I treat diarrhea?
Most of the time, diarrhea doesn’t require treatment. It usually lasts only a couple of days, whether you treat it or not. However, medicine can help you feel better, especially if you also have cramping.
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Should I treat diarrhea?
Most of the time, diarrhea doesn’t require treatment. It usually lasts only a couple of days, whether you treat it or not. However, medicine can help you feel better, especially if you also have cramping.
When diarrhea is a symptom of an infection caused by bacteria or parasites, antidiarrheal medicines can actually make the condition worse. This is because the medicine keeps your body from getting rid of the bacteria or parasite that is causing the diarrhea. Talk to your family doctor if you have any reason to think your diarrhea might be caused by a bacterial or parasitic infection.
Depending on the cause of your diarrhea, you may also need to take antibiotics prescribed by your doctor. Antibiotics are medicines that kill bacteria. If your doctor prescribes an antibiotic for you, it’s important to talk to your doctor before taking any over-the-counter (OTC) medicine to relieve your symptoms.
What types of OTC medicines treat diarrhea?
Over-the-counter medicines are medicines you can buy without a prescription from your doctor. Some OTC medicines can help you feel better if you have diarrhea. These are called antidiarrheal medicines. Antidiarrheal medicines include loperamide (1 brand name: Imodium)
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This book provides a complete reference for the C++ programming language. It consists of the C++ reference manual, approved as the base document for ANSI standardization of the language, plus annotations and commentary. The annotations and commentary discuss what is not included
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This book provides a complete reference for the C++ programming language. It consists of the C++ reference manual, approved as the base document for ANSI standardization of the language, plus annotations and commentary. The annotations and commentary discuss what is not included in the language, why certain features are defined as they are, and how one might implement particular features. The commentaries also help the reader to understand the relationships between parts of the language. Comparisons with C and examples explain the more subtle points of the language. Sixteen chapters cover the latest version of C++ including multiple inheritance, abstract classes, templates, exception handling, and more. A final chapter describes resolutions by the ANSI/ISO committee including new features such as run-time type information and namespaces. Appendices summarize the grammar and evolution of the language, and explain in detail the differences between C and C++. The Annotated C++ Reference Manual will appeal to language implementors and expert C++ programmers. 0201514591B04062001
Le informazioni nella sezione "Riassunto" possono far riferimento a edizioni diverse di questo titolo.
This book provides a complete language reference for the expert C++ user. It consists of the C++ reference manual plus annotations and commentary sections.
The C++ reference manual alone provides a complete definition of C++, but the terse reference manual style leaves many reasonable questions unanswered. Discussions of what is not in the language, why certain features are defined as they are, and how one might implement some particular feature have no place in a reference manual but are nevertheless of interest to most users. Such discussions are presented as annotations and in the commentary sections.
The commentary also helps the reader appreciate the relationships among different parts of the language and emphasizes points and implications that might have been overlooked in the reference manual itself. Examples and comparisons with C also make this book more approachable than the bare reference manual.
This book does not provide information about standard libraries beyond discussion of the library functions providing the most basic run-time support nor does it discuss C++ programming styles or techniques. Furthermore, this book does not attempt to teach C++ programming; it explains what the language is--not how to use it.
The index and the cross references embedded in the commentary and in the reference manual itself are important and integral parts of the book.
We hope that this reference manual will provide a firm base for further evolution of C++. It has been chosen by ANSI to serve as a starting point for the formal standardization of C++.
Margaret A. Ellis
Murray Hill, New Jersey 0201514591P04062001
About Margaret A. Ellis has worked for AT&T Bell Laboratories, UNIX System Laboratories, and Novell in compiler development. Ellis received a masters of science degree in computer science from the University of California. She is the coauthor of The Annotated C++ Reference Manual.
Bjarne Stroustrup is the designer and original implementer of C++, the author of The C++ Programming Language, The Annotated C++ Reference Manual, and The Design and Evolution of C++, and the consulting editor of Addison-Wesley's C++ In-Depth Series. Having previously worked at Bell Labs and AT&T Labs-Research, he currently is the College of Engineering Chair in Computer Science Professor at Texas A&M University. The recipient of numerous honors, including the Dr. Dobb's Excellence in Programming Award (2008), Dr. Stroustrup is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, an AT&T Fellow, an AT&T Bell Laboratories Fellow, an IEEE Fellow, and an ACM Fellow. His research interests include distributed systems, simulation, design, programming techniques, software development tools, and programming languages, and he remains actively involved in the ANSI/ISO standardization of C++. Dr. Stroustrup holds an advanced degree from the University of Aarhus in his native Denmark and a Ph.D. in Computer Science from Cambridge University, England.
Le informazioni nella sezione "Su questo libro" possono far riferimento a edizioni diverse di questo titolo.
Descrizione libro Addison-Wesley Professional. PAPERBACK. Condizione libro: New. 0201514591 Hardcover,unused,Free of any markings and no writing.Minor shelf-wear.For Additional Information or pictures, Please Inquire. Codice libro della libreria SKU002992
Descrizione libro Addison-Wesley Professional, 1990. Paperback. Condizione libro: New. book. Codice libro della libreria 0201514591
Descrizione libro Prentice Hall. Condizione libro: New. Brand New. Codice libro della libreria 0201514591
Descrizione libro Addison-Wesley Professional, 1990. Paperback. Condizione libro: New. Codice libro della libreria P110201514591
Descrizione libro Addison-Wesley Professional, 1990. Paperback. Condizione libro: New. Codice libro della libreria DADAX0201514591
Descrizione libro Addison-Wesley Professional. PAPERBACK. Condizione libro: New. 0201514591 New Condition. Codice libro della libreria NEW6.0088882
Descrizione libro Addison-Wesley Professional, 1990. Condizione libro: New. Brand new! Please provide a physical shipping address. Codice libro della libreria 97
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| North Syrian Armed Forces|
القوات المسلحة شمال السورية (Arabic)
Forces Armées de Syrie du Nord (French)
Kuzey Suriye Silahlı Kuvvetleri (Turkish)
|Service branches|| Ground
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| North Syrian Armed Forces|
القوات المسلحة شمال السورية (Arabic)
Forces Armées de Syrie du Nord (French)
Kuzey Suriye Silahlı Kuvvetleri (Turkish)
|Service branches|| Ground Army|
Royal Air Force
|Headquarters||Aleppo, North Syria|
|Commander-in-Chief|| Muhsin el-Hussein|
Sadir bin Fahad
King Emir Fahad I (Palace Guards)
|Foreign suppliers|| United States|
The North Syrian Army's origins lie directly with the NATO-backed opposition militias that fought Bashar al-Assad's state in the 2011 Syrian Civil War between northern and southern forces. In a span of four years, the North Syrian Army has fought in four wars, the Syrian Civil War (2011), Levantine War (2011-2012), Operation Salma (2013) and the 2014 Nine-Day War.
The North Syrian Army is unique, in that it blends principles and doctrines from historical and existing-armies. For example, the Royal Palace Guards takes its influence from the janissary corps of the historical Ottoman Empire. The Equestrian Mounted Unit of the Palace Guards takes its influence from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police's cultural tradition of mounting members on horses, only that they use camels as well. The NSAF regards women as equals to men, a doctrine adopted from the Israel Defense Forces.
The NSAF's equipment is supplied by the United States, United Kingdom, France and sometimes Germany. Shortly after the Kingdom was formed, the military got rid of all Soviet-era weapons and replaced all of their inventory with updated western military technology.
Because of these moves and because of its history, the North Syrian Army is regarded as one of the Middle East's most developed and well-trained armies, joining the likes of Israel and Egypt.
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When recalling the Civil War, Georgia, South Carolina, even Pennsylvania spring to mind. These were the scenes of major battles, loss of life, and other than Pennsylvania, antebellum slavery.
But the impetus that catapulted the United
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When recalling the Civil War, Georgia, South Carolina, even Pennsylvania spring to mind. These were the scenes of major battles, loss of life, and other than Pennsylvania, antebellum slavery.
But the impetus that catapulted the United States into the bloody civil war focused in a Midwestern location: Kansas. The border between Kansas and Missouri became a battlefield long before the war began in 1861.
By the 1850s, pro-slavery and 'free soilers' or abolition factions were racing to claim the new state of Kansas for themselves. The one with the most population could vote to turn the state toward their own politics so that it could enter the union as a slave or a free state.
Caught in the middle of this were the families. In Barbara Brackman's book Civil War Women, she includes a chapter on Bursheba Fristoe Younger. If you have watched many Westerns -- movies and television, you will have heard of Cole Younger and other outlaws who made the West so wild. Until reading Brackman's account, I didn't realize what motivated those men to turn to such a violent criminal behavior.
Brackman imagines that Bursheba would have chosen the Crown of Thorns pattern to symbolize her "trials in the midst of the worst guerrilla warfare ever to take place in the United States." Perhaps she wouldn't have made hers quite so bright nor set the crowns in this configuration, but as you can see from the photo, it looks like a rather prickly pattern.
Her trials were many. Bursheba's husband, Henry Younger, a good husband by all accounts, promoted slavery in Kansas. He voted in the Kansas territorial elections and was a representative in the first Territorial Legislature which is referred to as the "Bogus Legislature". This legislature held a pro-slavery stance and many members were not Kansas residents.
Once the war broke out, Younger returned to his farm and family only to be targeted as an enemy of the Kansas Free State cause. On July 1862, Henry's dead body was found lying in the road near the Shawnee Indian Mission on the state line. Ironically, the wad of cash found on his body was returned to his wife, eliminating any thought that this was a robbery. It is possible he was killed for the crimes his sons were committing as guerrillas. But their father's death only embittered Cole and Jim and made them more determined to exact retribution.
Bursheba inherited an impressive bit of money and land but with the war, lack of a justice system and outlaws, she couldn't make a profit from the farm Soldiers and bandits stole most of her stock and eventually without Henry, Bursheba lost everything. Federal troops threatened to burn down her house, but they allowed her one more night to spare a sick daughter. The cost -- the next morning Bursheba must put the torch to her own home, which she did.
Probably aided by the guerrillas, she and her four remaining children moved from one relative's house to another, sometimes hiding in the woods and caves along the Little Blue and Sni Rivers, according to Brackman.
In August, 1863, several women died under the rock walls of a collapsing jail where they were being held because of their affiliation with the guerrillas and fugitives. In retribution, 400 Missourians raided the Free-State symbol, Lawrence, Kansas. "In two or three hours, the Missourians murdered 185 men and boys."
Bursheba returned to her home in 1870, but her three sons refused to live within the law. They joined up with some neighbors you may have heard of, the James boys, and robbed banks. Bursheba died at the age of 54, shortly after her youngest son, John, was hung and then cut down just short of death, by a mob trying to get him to tell where his outlaw brothers were.
Crown of thorns definitely would fit the tribulations of one lone woman in a sea of trouble on the Kansas-Missouri border during the Civil War. Although with the wars and turbulence of today, I can see the relevance of the pattern now.
Here's a contemporary paper piecing pattern for the Crown of Thorns by Judy Niemeyer.
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Problem 9 of Project Euler asks you to find the product of the sole Pythagorean triplet, the sum of whose values is 1000, where a Pythagorean triplet (familiar from elementary school math) is a set of natural
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Problem 9 of Project Euler asks you to find the product of the sole Pythagorean triplet, the sum of whose values is 1000, where a Pythagorean triplet (familiar from elementary school math) is a set of natural numbers a < b < c where a^2 + b^2 = c^2.
This snippet of Haskell solves it in one line and demonstrates some of what makes Haskell an interesting language, but takes several minutes to run on my MBP:
problem9 = take 1 [a * b * c | a <- [1..1000], b <- [1..1000], c <- [1..1000], a + b + c == 1000, a^2 + b^2 == c^2]
A version with some simple improvements runs much faster. Since a < b < c, we know the largest possible value for a is 332 (since 333 + 334 + 335 is 1002). And since b must be larger than a, we can narrow down its possible values as well, based on a. C does not need to be independently calculated at all, since by definition it must be a value that will satisfy the Pythagorean theorem. So:
problem9' = floor $ head [a * b * sqrt (a^2 + b^2) | a <- [1..332], b <- [(a+1)..(999-a)], a + b + sqrt (a^2 + b^2) == 1000]
This version runs in a couple seconds.
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Tracking Seasonal Changes in Earth's Water Cycle
GRACE is able to track the movement of water on or beneath Earth's surface, including seasonal fluctuations in Earth's water cycle. Here, GRACE data show the distribution of water over South America
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Tracking Seasonal Changes in Earth's Water Cycle
GRACE is able to track the movement of water on or beneath Earth's surface, including seasonal fluctuations in Earth's water cycle. Here, GRACE data show the distribution of water over South America in January 2004. By tracking the month-to-month changes in the distribution of water mass over time and comparing it with data from other NASA satellites, scientists are able to monitor and measure the complete cycle of water movement for the continent. Red signifies higher water mass, while blue signifies lower water mass.
› See animation
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Fiona Pardington's "Ahua: A Beautiful Hesitation" Pulls Gorgeous Imagery From the Pseudo-Science of Phrenology
In 18th- and 19th-century Europe, during the alleged Age of
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Fiona Pardington's "Ahua: A Beautiful Hesitation" Pulls Gorgeous Imagery From the Pseudo-Science of Phrenology
In 18th- and 19th-century Europe, during the alleged Age of Enlightenment, telling someone that he needed to have his head examined in no way carried the contemporary connotation of "be a good boy and take your Thorazine." Back in pre-photography times, having your head examined was the height of scientific engagement, since the pseudo-science of phrenology was the rage. Phrenology is the woo-woo, now thoroughly discredited "science" of determining human personality traits, mental capabilities, and general intangible characteristics (including criminal proclivities and racial inferiority) by mapping the lumps, bumps, and sumps of the human skull.
One earns a real appreciation for the part phrenology played in the history of the Western world, as well as the development of anthropology, after seeing "Ahua: A Beautiful Hesitation," the exhibition at Lisa Sette Gallery of oversize inkjet prints created by noted New Zealand artist photographer Fiona Pardington. For subject matter, Pardington — half Maori, half Scottish — photographed, against pristine backdrops, 18th-century life casts of human heads collected mostly by Pierre-Marie Dumoutier (1791-1871) and now languishing in the dusty storage areas of Paris' Musée de l'Homme. Dumoutier was the shipboard phrenologist during an expedition to various Pacific islands led by French explorer and naval officer Jules Sébastien César Dumont d'Urville between 1837 and 1840. (As an aside, Dumont d'Urville was the astute gent who, during earlier travels through the Greek archipelago, stumbled upon the Venus de Milo and convinced the French it was important enough to acquire.)
From its inception, phrenology was used to create ugly racial stereotypes. Its adherents claimed that skull formation and facial bone structure determined the position of a particular race on the evolutionary scale. Thus, in Victorian England, the Irish were deemed highly inferior, a justification for their persecution by the British. This sensibility spread throughout English colonies as well; it was especially pernicious in South Africa and India. Most recently, Nazi scientists adopted phrenological and craniometric theories to champion Aryan supremacy and to whitewash grisly experimentation on human subjects during World War II.
New Times Art review
"Ahua: A Beautiful Hesitation" will be on exhibit at Lisa Sette Gallery, 4142 N. Marshall Way, Scottsdale, through December 31. Visit www.lisasettegallery.com for more information.
Pardington's subjects still display the handmade markings of would-be scientists mapping out the locations of various characteristics dwelling within their perpetually petrified sitters. Just how Dumoutier managed to talk South Sea Islanders into having their heads cast in plaster is, in and of itself, a major mystery. But, significantly, the hands-down standout in "Ahua" happens to be gigantic images of major Maori chieftain Matua Tawai's unmapped life cast taken frontally, sideways, and from behind. Eyes closed, Matua Tawai's head cast, which at some point was painted black, is adorned with moko, highly distinctive ritual tattoos and scarification, facial decoration that in the world of
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||The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (July 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)|
A magic circle is a circle (or sphere, field) of
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||The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (July 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)|
A magic circle is a circle (or sphere, field) of space marked out by practitioners of many branches of ritual magic, which they generally believe will contain energy and form a sacred space, or will provide them a form of magical protection, or both. It may be marked physically, drawn in salt or chalk, for example, or merely visualised. Its spiritual significance is similar to that of mandala and yantra in some Eastern religions.
Common terms and practices
Traditionally, circles were believed by ritual magicians to form a protective barrier between themselves and what they summoned. In modern times, practitioners generally cast magic circles to contain and concentrate the energy they raise during a ritual.
Creating a magic circle is known as casting a circle, circle casting, and various other names.
There are many published techniques for casting a circle, and many groups and individuals have their own unique methods. The common feature of these practices is that a boundary is traced around the working area. Some witchcraft traditions say that one must trace around the circle deosil three times. There is variation over which direction one should start in.
Circles may or may not be physically marked out on the ground, and a variety of elaborate patterns for circle markings can be found in grimoires and magical manuals, often involving angelic and divine names. Such markings, or a simple unadorned circle, may be drawn in chalk or salt, or indicated by other means such as with a cord.
The four cardinal directions are often prominently marked, such as with four candles. In ceremonial magic, traditions the four directions are commonly related to the four archangels Michael, Gabriel, Raphael and Uriel (or Auriel), or to the four classical elements, and also have four associated names of God. Other ceremonial traditions have candles between the quarters, i.e. in the north-east, north-west and so on. Often, an incantation will be recited stating the purpose and nature of the circle, often repeating an assortment of divine and angelic names.
Some varieties of Wicca use the common ceremonial colour attributions for their "quarter candles": yellow for Air in the east, red for Fire in the south, blue for Water in the west and green for Earth in the north (though these attributions differ according to geographical location and individual philosophy).
The barrier is believed to be fragile, so that leaving or passing through the circle would weaken or dispel it. This is referred to as "breaking the circle". It is generally advised that practitioners do not leave the circle unless absolutely necessary.
In order to leave a circle and keep it intact, Wiccans believe a door must be cut in the energy of the circle, normally on the East side. Whatever was used to cast the circle is used to cut the doorway, such as a sword, staff or knife[athame], a doorway is "cut" in the circle, at which point anything may pass through without harming the circle. This opening must be closed afterwards by "reconnecting" the lines of the circle.
The circle is usually closed by the practitioner after they have finished by drawing in the energy with the athame or whatever was used to make the circle including their hand (usually in a widdershins: that is, counter-clockwise fashion). This is called closing the circle or releasing the circle. The term "opening" is often used, representing the idea the circle has been expanded and dissipated rather than closed in on itself.
Modern dreams and dream analysis
In popular culture
In Kekkaishi (Japanese: 結界師, lit. "Barrier Master"), a supernatural manga series written and illustrated by Yellow Tanabe, magic circle may have other names: magical circle, magical energy barrier, magical barrier, energy barrier.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Magic circles (occult).|
Notes and references
- ^ Buckland, Raymond (2002). Buckland's Complete Book of Witchcraft, Second edition, Revised & Expanded, Llewellyn Publications. ISBN 0-87542-050-8.
- ^ Cunningham, Scott (2001). Wicca: A Guide for the Solitary Practitioner, 29th edition, Llewellyn Publications. ISBN 0-87542-118-0.
- Jung, Carl Gustav (1968). Psychology and Alchemy. Collected Works. 12. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-01831-6.
- Wicca: A Guide for the Solitary Practitioner. pp. 55–56.
- Buckland's Complete Book of Witchcraft. pp. 43, 64.
- "Occult 100". Retrieved 2007-06-09.
- Starhawk. The Spiral Dance. p. 83.
- Buckland's Complete Book of Witchcraft. p. 224.
- Wicca: A Guide for the Solitary Practitioner. pp. 11
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The link between water and security is undeniable. Where fresh water is available, accessible and well-managed, biodiversity can be sustained, economies can grow and communities can thrive. Yet when fresh water is compromised, life as we know it breaks down and
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The link between water and security is undeniable. Where fresh water is available, accessible and well-managed, biodiversity can be sustained, economies can grow and communities can thrive. Yet when fresh water is compromised, life as we know it breaks down and can lead to social disruptions and conflict that further degrade the environment. Failure to address these issues puts people, nature and US national security and prosperity at risk, according to the new World Wildlife Fund (WWF) book Water, Security and U.S. Foreign Policy.
Edited by WWF Senior Policy Advisor David Reed, the book presents policymakers with a framework for identifying how water-related social and economic disruptions in partner countries can affect US national security. Through a series of 17 case studies by leading international experts, the book examines how ecological change can lead to regional instability, migration, social and economic conflict and the rise of insurgencies.
“Water affects everything, from the food we eat, to the cotton we wear, to the energy we depend on,” said Reed. “If it is not managed sustainably, not just in our country but in other countries around the world, our prosperity and national security will be put at risk. It’s urgent that governments and businesses alike make sustainable water management a top priority.”
In the book’s opening chapter, Reed argues that the convergence of population growth, economic expansion, outdated laws and now climate change is overwhelming the ability of many countries to respond, creating, in the process, national and regional instability. Without a more robust, comprehensive response from the US, our own prosperity and national security will be increasingly at risk.
“The United States has a most awesome arsenal of technical skills, water monitoring and management capacity, construction expertise and training facilities than any country in the world. It is imperative that our government harness and focus those assets to respond to the water challenges facing other countries and, in the process, protect our national security and economic wellbeing.”
Water, Security and US Foreign Policy is available June 27 in bookstores and at https://www.amazon.com/Water-Security-U-S-Foreign-Policy/dp/1138051519 with proceeds supporting WWF’s global conservation work.
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They can make fabric resistant to stains, improve the taste of food and help drug research, but nanoparticles could also pose a danger to human health, experts warned Wednesday.
Susanne Stark, of the Consumer Information Association, told a seminar in the Austrian
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They can make fabric resistant to stains, improve the taste of food and help drug research, but nanoparticles could also pose a danger to human health, experts warned Wednesday.
Susanne Stark, of the Consumer Information Association, told a seminar in the Austrian city of Salzburg that companies should be forced to indicate on labels whether a product contains the tiny particles.
"There are more questions than answers on the effects of nanoparticles" on human health, the chemist said.
Cosmetic and food products should indicate whether their products contain nanoparticles by 2012, she said.
Nanoparticles, measuring no more than 100 nanometres (0.00001 centimetre), have helped to revolutionize how everyday products are made.
The particles are used to make stain-resistant paint or creamy cosmetic and food products. They can also change colour to indicate whether a product has expired.
But their risk to humans remains largely unknown.
Nanoparticles can enter the body through the mouth and nose, the digestive system or the skin, and spread inside the body through blood vessels, said Hans Peter Hutter, a doctor specialized in environmental hygiene in Vienna.
"These tiny particles could without a doubt go all the way to the placenta," he said. But he warned that little was known about their behavior inside human tissu
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By David Stanway
JINCHENG, China — After more than a century ripping out its insides to supply coal to the rest of the country, the heavily mined and polluted province of Shanxi in northern China is in the midst of
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By David Stanway
JINCHENG, China — After more than a century ripping out its insides to supply coal to the rest of the country, the heavily mined and polluted province of Shanxi in northern China is in the midst of a gas boom.
Under the spray of the Yellow River near the city of Jincheng, “nodding donkeys” bob in lines that stretch to the horizon, hitched up amidst precious farmland to feed on the gas streaming through the coal seams below.
Gleaming white storage tanks tower over the highways and dozens of drilling rigs dot the cliffs and valleys, some near the famed ancient cave settlements of Shanxi.
Gas output from the coal seams is rising fast and is set to hit 8 billion cubic metres (bcm) this year, up a half from 2011 – emerging from nowhere just six years ago to provide China with a cleaner, home-grown alternative fuel for the future.
China is investing 100 billion yuan ($16 billion) to double output again by 2015. Beijing wants coal seam gas output as high as 30 bcm by 2020, which would be 15 percent of China’s total gas production, up from 5 percent of the total last year.
Beijing plans to double the share of natural gas in its energy mix by 2015 and reduce coal’s role in a drive to ease pollution and slow greenhouse gas emissions. China will import more gas, but it also aims to boost output from domestic natural gas fields as well as unconventional sources such as coalbeds and shale.
Soaring coal output has powered China’s growth into the world’s second-largest economy. Now in Shanxi, it is the coal mines themselves that are providing the first big boost in the country’s unconventional gas supplies.
British miners call it firedamp, pockets of gas that can cause deadly explosions in mines, and in China it has been one of the industry’s biggest killers. Developers call it coalbed methane or CBM, and after a decade of missed targets, they say they have finally found the technologies required to bring large volumes of gas to market.
That is allowing for the rapid increase in supply from an industry which had been missing its targets. Beijing had hoped for as much as 8 bcm by 2010 from its coalbeds, but only reached 3.1 bcm.
“We have been at it for a decade, we are at a stage of maturity now, and we are optimally positioned to produce large volumes of CBM very successfully,” said Randeep Grewal, founder and chief executive of Green Dragon Gas, a private CBM developer now producing gas in Shanxi.
Developers have been tweaking their rig technologies for years to try to coax the relatively low pressure gas out of unstable seams and, after two decades of experimentation, are now capable of constructing long and winding lateral wells that allow water to drain away and gas to flow out.
CBM could easily supply 15 percent of China’s total gas requirements within a decade, Grewal said. Last year, CBM output was 5.3 bcm, just over 5 percent of China’s total gas output of 102.5 bcm.
Producers are pumping from a myriad of coal seams in Shanxi estimated to hold as much as 10 trillion cubic metres (tcm) of gas. That is nearly four times China’s proven gas reserves of 2.8 tcm. The country’s total coal seam gas reserves could be much higher even than that – Beijing estimates as much as 36.8 tcm.
Within the next 10-15 years, China’s CBM output could eclipse the annual output of top CBM producer the United States’ of around 50 bcm, executives at companies involved in the sector say. The bulk of that output will come from Shanxi’s old and perilous mines, and the estimates from developers are conservative compared to those coming from Beijing.
The increased domestic supply is a boon to China’s government as it will help temper imports. Beijing is facing a rising gas bill as it builds pipelines from central Asia or liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals along the coast to help meet its ambitious targets to increase the role of gas in fuelling China’s economy.
Coal production has turned Shanxi into one of the world’s most toxic areas. The city of Linfen in the south of the province – known for its rich agriculture – is a global pollution blackspot choked by smoggy and sulphurous air.
Mining has damaged water tables in the rugged province of 36 million people and left swathes of land barren.
In Australia – which plans to drill as many as 40,000 wells – debate is
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(C) 1999, G. Forrest Cook
This project can be used with a CirKits solar circuit kit.
This circuit is used to measure the current from a solar panel. It has very low power loss for currents in the
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(C) 1999, G. Forrest Cook
This project can be used with a CirKits solar circuit kit.
This circuit is used to measure the current from a solar panel. It has very low power loss for currents in the 0-10A range. It also works as a general purpose DC current meter. The circuit can be used on either the positive or negative side of a DC circuit.
Measured Current: 0-10 Amps DC, can be increased by changing the resistors. Circuit Voltage: Will work with DC circuits at any practical voltage. Accuracy: approximately 2% with a high quality meter movement.
The current to be measured flows through the 0.01 ohm resistor, this causes a small voltage drop across the resistor. 10 amps of current will produce a 100mV voltage across the resistor. The 100 microamp meter is wired in series with a 50 ohm fixed resistor and a 500 ohm variable calibration resistor so that it can measure the voltage drop.
The 500 ohm variable resistor is used to adjust the meter's full scale reading. The 50 ohm resistor limits the maximum current through the meter. The series resistance of the meter, the 500 ohm (or less) variable resistor and 50 ohm resistor should total 1000 ohms. Different meters may require a different variable resistor to achieve the 1000 ohm value.
Build the meter into a metal box with the meter and two connectors mounted on the outside of the box. Be sure to use connectors and wiring that are large enough to handle the full amperage from your PV array.
Put the meter circuit in series with a known current meter such as a digital VOM meter set to measure current. Run a known current through both meters. Adjust the 500 ohm resistor until both meters read the same current. A good way to get a known current is to put a 12V lead acid battery in series with a 2 ohm 100 watt current limiting resistor. This wil
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Hey there, time traveller!
This article was published 2/10/2012 (1752 days ago), so information in it may no longer be current.
Q: My doctor recently told me that I have anemia. I was surprised
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Hey there, time traveller!
This article was published 2/10/2012 (1752 days ago), so information in it may no longer be current.
Q: My doctor recently told me that I have anemia. I was surprised to hear that because I thought only really sick people got anemia. How does one get anemia?
A: You are striving to be the picture of health. Your lifestyle habits are on the right track: getting regular exercise, avoiding junk food, watching your weight — all the smart choices to keep yourself full of energy and vitality. So, with everything going your way, how could you possibly get anemia?
What is Anemia?
Anemia is a condition where we lack enough red blood cells. Red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin, and iron is part of hemoglobin. Oxygen attaches to hemoglobin, and this is how we get oxygen to our tissues. If we lack red blood cells, we lack oxygen supply to the tissues, and fatigue ensues.
Anemia is often associated with those who are sick with a chronic illness or cancer. However, anemia — especially iron-deficiency anemia — is a common problem that occurs in healthy individuals. Young or old, marathon runners or yoga enthusiasts, men, women or children, anemia can occur across a broad spectrum of individuals.
A Balancing Act
A lack of red blood cells can result from red blood cell destruction (genetic conditions such as sickle cell anemia), blood loss or decreased red blood cell production (usually from iron deficiency). Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia, with 10 per cent of women in North America experiencing this problem. Every day, our bodies balance out iron levels with the amount lost through our gut equalling the amount absorbed, so we do not become deficient. However, if the body requires more iron or loses more iron then we can supply, then a deficiency can occur.
Women of reproductive age account for the majority of cases of iron-deficiency anemia. Pregnancy increases the demand for iron and breastfeeding resulting in more daily iron loss. A large blood loss with delivery can also lower iron levels. Blood loss from heavy menstrual cycles is a common source of iron
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The term yoga comes from the Sanskrit word, Yuj, meaning to unite. Unity is the main aim of yoga practice but not in the same way we typically think about unity. Instead of many beings uniting to become a whole, yoga
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The term yoga comes from the Sanskrit word, Yuj, meaning to unite. Unity is the main aim of yoga practice but not in the same way we typically think about unity. Instead of many beings uniting to become a whole, yoga unites one’s self–creating harmony in mind, body, and spirit. Yoga is about achieving a life of self-discipline based on the principle of simple living and high thinking.
The Sivananda approach to yoga aims to preserve an individual’s physical self, health, and wellbeing by adhering to five basic principles — proper exercise, proper breathing, proper relaxation, proper diet, and proper thinking. This approach was built on ancient methods. It uses foundational poses to improve levels of strength, flexibility, cleansing, and confidence.
Sivananda Yoga was shaped by the teachings of Swami Sivananda (1887-1963). Sivananda’s life was a radiant reflection of selfless service, exemplified most during his years as a doctor, and later as a world-famous guru, spiritual enlightener, and jivanmukta. Wherever he went he conducted lectures and taught others the power of yoga to cultivate strength and promote health. He encouraged many to turn to yoga asanas, pranayamas, and meditation to reap the
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The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
|Previous: Tolland Class, U.S. Attack Cargo Ships||Table of Contents||Next: Tominaga Kiyoji|
42.63N) is a port on the
south coast of the island
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The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
|Previous: Tolland Class, U.S. Attack Cargo Ships||Table of Contents||Next: Tominaga Kiyoji|
42.63N) is a port on the
south coast of the island of Hokkaido.
The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia © 2008 by Kent G. Budge. Index
Comment on this article
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When using ArcObjects to write an export function, the IExporter.ClipToGraphicExtent property does not actually clip the output to graphic extent.
The ClipToGraphicsExtent
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Is This Content Helpful?
We're glad to know this article was helpful.
When using ArcObjects to write an export function, the IExporter.ClipToGraphicExtent property does not actually clip the output to graphic extent.
The ClipToGraphicsExtent property is simply a flag that is used by ArcMap to determine how the exporter should calculate the extent of the export.
When using ArcObjects, control the extent that is exported by using the IExporter.PixelBounds property.
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MASON] ANTHROPOLOGIC LITERA TURE 769
The starting-point is Java, whence man began to spread ; erect, but physically and mentally ape-like, though having rudimentary speech. On the question when and
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MASON] ANTHROPOLOGIC LITERA TURE 769
The starting-point is Java, whence man began to spread ; erect, but physically and mentally ape-like, though having rudimentary speech. On the question when and where this Pliocene proto-human became the Pleistocene precursors, Mr Keane is a little obscure, inso- much that both Sergi and Ehrenreich call him a polygenist, but this he hotly denies. For the enactment of all human history a million years of time are demanded.
The bulk of the volume is taken up with the discussion of the four primary divisions, the Ethiopic, the Mongolic, the American, and the Caucasic. Each part is preceded by a thesis or text or conspectus, an excellent arrangement, in which the author lays down in italics just what he means to prove concerning the primeval home, the present home, the physical or anthropographic characters, the mental characters (including speech, religion, and culture), and the main ethnic subdi- visions of the group.
The Ethiopic variety is treated under the head of African Negroes and Papuasians, or Oceanic Negroes, which are held to be one, and their subdivisions correspond. Mr Keane's statement of the universal spread of the Papuasians in the Indo- Pacific must be taken with cau- tion. His appreciation of the whole Ethiopic variety is disparaging.
Mongolic man had his root on the Tibetan plateau, and developed two main limbs, the Mongolo-Tatar, who is made to include even the Eskimo, and the Tibeto-Indo-Chinese, with an eastern oceanic offshoot. The development of the Oceanic Mongols becomes especially important now, since the United States has undertaken the care of five millions of them. It is to be hoped that those charged with this discipline will take into their counsel trained ethnologists.
Homo Amcricanus, with whom the readers of this journal are especially concerned, Mr Keane holds, occupied the Western Hemisphere from Point Barrow to Fuegia in Pleistocene times. He reached America in the primitive state, by two streams of migration, the eastern, long- headed, or Eskimo-Botocudo, the earliest ; and the western, later, short-headed, new Stone-Age stream. And then the trails were closed. No doubt Mr Keane can find in recent literature statements by most excellent authorities to the effect that "stone implements and many other things are found in the latest Pleistocene deposits of valleys and plains everywhere throughout America." But this is only the writer's opinion, not a fact. For us, a fact is an exact agreement between what exists and what is said to exist, and on this plea, the latest researches of the Bureau of American Ethnology do not confirm the existence of the Pleistocene American. But the readers of this journal will also be amazed to find that two of our colleagues have been utterly ignored from
AM. ANTH M N. S., I— 49
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posted by Jennifer.
In the experiment of Nucleophilic substitution reactions: Competing Nucleophiles
1)what would happen if all the solids in the nucleophile medium were not dissolved? How might this affect the outcome of the experiment
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posted by Jennifer.
In the experiment of Nucleophilic substitution reactions: Competing Nucleophiles
1)what would happen if all the solids in the nucleophile medium were not dissolved? How might this affect the outcome of the experiment?
2)Explain the order of elution you observed while performing the gas chromatography for this experiment. What property of the product molecules seems to be the most important in determining relative retention times?
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Today@Sam | Headlines | Calendar | Experts | Notices | Archives | Search
Astronaut John Young
John Young, one of America's first astronauts and one of its most accomplished, has
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[an error occurred while processing this directive]
Today@Sam | Headlines | Calendar | Experts | Notices | Archives | Search
Astronaut John Young
John Young, one of America's first astronauts and one of its most accomplished, has been there, done that. He stays ready to fly again if given the chance, but his job these days is also to warn about the "bad events" that threaten to one day destroy humankind.
"NASA is not about the 'Adventure of Human Space Exploration,' says Young, who is associate director of the Johnson Space Center south of Houston. "We are in the deadly serious business of saving the species."
Invited guest John Young will bring his concerns to the Sam Houston State University campus Oct. 9, as the fall semester's Distinguished Lecturer. His presentation is scheduled for 8 p.m. in the Beto Criminal Justice Center Killinger Auditorium. He follows previous Distinguished Lecturers who, since the program's inception in 1980, have included former President George Bush, Polish President Lech Walesa, historian Arthur Schlesinger, economist John Kenneth Galbraith, and others.
Young is a true hero of the United States Space program. He and Gus Grissom were aboard Gemini 3, the first manned Gemini mission in March 1965. On Apollo 10 in May 1969, he orbited the Moon and tracked sites for Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin's historic landing and steps two months later.
In April 1972, he and Charlie Duke landed on the Moon in the lunar highlands at Descartes, collected 200 pounds of rocks and drove over 16 miles in the lunar rover on three separate geology traverses. In April 1981, he was spacecraft commander of the first flight of a Space Shuttle, a highly risky mission since all previous U. S. space vehicles had first been tested unmanned.
His sixth and last flight was as spacecraft commander of the first Spacelab mission, for 10 days in November/December of 1983, which produced more scientific and technical data than all previous Apollo and Skylab missions combined.
This September 24 John Young will be 71. He would like to go back into space, and many advocate that he be given that opportunity. But these days he attends to his Johnson Space Center duties, travels the world as NASA's most accomplished active astronaut, and warns of the "bad events" that are almost certain to eventually happen to Earth and its inhabitants.
He is concerned about three possible "bad events" that could change the Earth and humankind as we know it forever, making it necessary for a few true space pioneers to take life to the Moon, Mars, or elsewhere, to survive and start anew. These might include sunspot decline, volcanic activity, and asteroid/comet impacts.
In material he has published Young cites the effect of Mount Pinatubo, that produced 8 cubic kilometers of ash, on the worldwide temperature between 1991 and 1993, temporarily lowering it one degree.
Geologists know of past eruptions of volcanoes producing 1,000 to 2,800 cubic kilometers of ash, and such eruptions are expected to eventually happen again. Such an eruption might lower temperatures drastically, causing tens of millions of humans to starve.
The expected result of the impact of a large asteroid could range from the extinction of species, including humans, to a
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NASA/JPL/Malin Space Science Systems
The upper right (northeast) quarter of this Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows a concentrated field of small impact craters. The features form
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NASA/JPL/Malin Space Science Systems
The upper right (northeast) quarter of this Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows a concentrated field of small impact craters. The features form a broad line running approximately diagonal from northwest toward southeast. These craters pocked windblown ripples as well as the smooth-surfaced terrain. These are secondary craters. That is, they formed second, as the result of a larger impact, probably within a hundred kilomet
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Ivy Sanders Schneider–
Saint Patrick, patron saint of Ireland, is commonly associated with his eponymous holiday, the color green, shamrocks, and for driving the snakes out of Ireland. However, Patrick, born Maewyn
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Ivy Sanders Schneider–
Saint Patrick, patron saint of Ireland, is commonly associated with his eponymous holiday, the color green, shamrocks, and for driving the snakes out of Ireland. However, Patrick, born Maewyn Succat in Roman Britain around 390 AD was not Irish, but British; was never officially canonized as a saint; and couldn’t have driven the snakes out of Ireland, as there were no snakes to begin with. St. Patrick’s real history, like the history of the country of Ireland itself, is more complex and intriguing than the popular folk history with which people are most familiar.
St. Patrick came from a wealthy slave-owning Christian family. His father was a deacon, and his grandfather a priest, although as a child St. Patrick had little interest in religion. That changed at 16, when St. Patrick was abducted by a slave ship and taken to Ireland, where he lived in captivity for six years. During that time Patrick became more religious. In Confessions, his memoir, he wrote of his spirituality during his imprisonment – “The love of God and his fear grew in me more and more, as did the faith.” Patrick continued, “I prayed in the woods and on the mountain, even before dawn. I felt no hurt from the snow or ice or rain.”
Eventually, Patrick escaped his captivity. Voices in his dreams urged him to return home, and so he traveled 200 miles to Ireland’s west coast, where he managed to board a pirate ship, which sailed him to Britain.
In England, reunited with his family, Patrick studied and became ordained as a priest. Although happy to be a free man again, the voices in his sleep returned. At 33, Patrick had a vision of Victoricus, a 3rd century martyr and Christian missionary, who urged him to journey back to Ireland and spread his faith, so Patrick returned to the country that had enslaved him, where he would stay and preach for the rest of his life.
Patrick attempted to convert the people of Ireland to Christianity, building 300 churches, and baptizing over 100,000 individual Irishmen and women (the myth regarding the driving out of snakes probably symbolizing Patrick’s erasure of paganism). Although successful, Patrick was forgotten for many years – the first St. Patrick’s Day, which marks the day of Patrick’s death, wasn’t until 1737 and wasn’t even in Ireland, but America. The first St. Patrick’s Day parade was a procession of soldiers in New York City in 1766, and traditions like dying the river green in Chicago didn’t originate until the 1960s, the same decade in which Ireland began to seriously celebrate its own patron saint.
Originally a religious feast day, it has become a celebration across the world of all things Irish. If you’re looking to celebrate Irish culture this St. Patrick’s day, three recent books can provide varied, deep looks at that rich culture. Ireland and the Picturesque by Finola O’Kane celebrates the 18th century Island landscape, a landscape similar to what St. Patrick might have experienced in his three decades of travel across the country. The lushly illustrated Ireland: Crossroads of Art and Design, 1690-1840 edited by William Laffan and Christopher Monkhouse, with Leslie Fitzpatrick, looks at the collaboration between foreign and native artists, artisans, and architects, and includes essays on the arts, Irish landscape, and Dublin as a center of “culture and commerce.” And the monumental 5-volume set Art and Architecture of Ireland covers medieval history, painting, sculpture, architecture, and the twentieth century. This set “provides an authoritative and fully illustrated account of the art and architecture of Ireland from the early Middle
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Music cultures of the Pacific, the Near East, and Asia
The purpose of this book is to survey the basic kinds of music and musical instruments found in the major oriental civilizations and in the island cultures of the Eastern Hemisphere. It is also
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Music cultures of the Pacific, the Near East, and Asia
The purpose of this book is to survey the basic kinds of music and musical instruments found in the major oriental civilizations and in the island cultures of the Eastern Hemisphere. It is also intended as an introduction to the basic attitudes, techniques, and nomenclature of the discipline of ethnomusicology. Presents a romanization of the book of vocal examples along with a translation or explanation of their meaning. A sonic glossary index at the end of each chapter shows all non-western terms in alphabetical order including a unique prononciation audio cassette. The inclusion of human figures in all new drawings add information about playing positions as well as instrument designs. Contains a unique cassette of pronunciations by noted and qualified speakers.
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Rudime
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The four-poster bed has been around since at least mediaeval times. The canopy and associated drapes provided a room within a room which offered extra privacy and thermal comfort.
Today’s invention is a novel variant on this approach.
A bed would
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The four-poster bed has been around since at least mediaeval times. The canopy and associated drapes provided a room within a room which offered extra privacy and thermal comfort.
Today’s invention is a novel variant on this approach.
A bed would have a horizontal canopy with a vertical skirt of sound and heat insulating material.
When sensors indicated that the bed’s occupants were asleep (using cheap heartrate monitors) the whole canopy would move down to a much lower height above the bed to create a sound insulating, warm cocoon.
The height of the canopy could automatically vary throughout the night, in order to maintain an optimal sleeping temperature inside, and withdraw to full height just as anyone began to wake up.
In this way, occupants would be unaware of the bed’s behaviour on their behalf and c
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(Available in Italian)
(Available in Spanish)
Until fairly recently our knowledge of stars and planets was pretty straightforward. Stars shone, emitting light by hydrogen fusion processes, and planets were dark objects orbiting them. This was simply common sense.
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(Available in Italian)
(Available in Spanish)
Until fairly recently our knowledge of stars and planets was pretty straightforward. Stars shone, emitting light by hydrogen fusion processes, and planets were dark objects orbiting them. This was simply common sense. No one spent too many sleepless nights worrying about what would happen when a object, undergoing the process of gas accretion to form a star or planet, would end up with mass somewhere in between. There is a critical size of about 80 Jupiter masses where such a body can sustain hydrogen fusion due to the temperatures and pressures generated by its own gravity (1). Then a star is born. The formation of planets is less well understood, and the emerging discoveries of extra-solar planets are challenging astro-physicists to revise their theories. Nevertheless, when a planet is forming, up to several Jupiter masses in size, then it remains simply that; a planet. As the mass increases, things start to get more complicated.
Sagan, Shapley & Marley
The concept of brown dwarfs has been banded about for some time, although no reliable astronomical data has been available until quite recently. Carl Sagan enigmatically quotes a 1950s description of a brown dwarf in his 1995 book "Pale Blue Dot":
"In the 1950s, it was suggested by the astronomer Harlow Shapley of Harvard that brown dwarfs - he called them "Lilliputian stars" - were inhabited. He pictured their surfaces as warm as a June day in Cambridge, with lots of area. They would be stars that humans could survive on and explore."(2)
What makes this quote strange is that Sagan’s knowledge of the nature of brown dwarfs must have been vastly superior to this dated, naïve view of Shapley’s. So why use it when it was obviously so misleading? He didn’t mitigate this with offering a more modern viewpoint of the nature of failed stars. I posed this question to Dr Mark Marley, an academic specialising in the study of brown dwarfs, and this was his reply:
"I looked up the quote in the book and agree with you that it really isn't relevant.But when Sagan wrote the book there was only indirect evidence of brown dwarfs. Today we know they exist and know that indeed they are much like Jupiter. When he wrote the book, it was possible, though not likely, that brown dwarfs could be somewhat earth-like. We know today this is not the case. If I were writing the book, knowing what was known at that time, I would not have included the quote. Note that while brown dwarfs are not inhabitable, they might have moons that might be inhabitable." (3)
Quite so. I should state here that Mark Marley is not endorsing my work in any way, and was just giving me a few helpful answers to my questions regarding brown dwarfs. His answer does include this invaluable statement that life could be possible on the moons of a brown dwarf, however.
When Brown means Red
The term "brown dwarf" was first used by Jill Tarter, of the SETI institute, in her 1975 PhD thesis, in order to correct the use of the previous term "black dwarf". As she says:
"The use of the term ‘black dwarf’ was inappropriate because it had already been used to describe the end phase of a fully evolved star as it cooled from the white dwarf stage." (1)
Brown dwarfs are very difficult to find. They "glow only faintly", emitting most of their radiation in the infra-red bands. This is because they are below the 0.08 solar-mass stellar limit, and fail to ignite as stars in their own right. Instead, they emit radiation from energy left over from their formation. During the life-span of a brown dwarf, the younger they are,the brighter they appear. So we have more chance of discovering brown dwarfs that have just formed. As they get older, they start to appear more like Jupiter, only much more massive. In general, a brown dwarf’s luminosity is expected to be about a hundred thousandth of the Sun’s (4).Its spectral characteristics are different to those of very cool stars, unusually showing an absorption line of the short-lived element lithium.
Contrary to the description implied by its name, brown dwarfs appear red, very red. A brown dwarf was discovered in the Solar vicinity by Maria Theresa Ruiz of the European Southern Observatory in 1997, a discovery that offers the potential for much better study of these elusive objects. She called it KELU-1, the term for ‘red’ in the language of the indigenous population of central Chile.
Although it is at a distance of 33 light-years, its visual magnitude is 22.3, which is the sort of brightness projected for Murray’s proposed brown dwarf in the Oort cloud. This sets a precedent for its discovery. (5)
Brown Dwarf Discoveries
The best known brown dwarf, and one that we can actually look at through an Earth-bound 60-inch telescope, is Gliese 229B, discovered in 1995. This one is in a binary system with the low-mass red dwarf Gliese 229A, at a distance of just 19 light-years from the Sun.
The separation between the brown dwarf and its companion star is about the same as that between the Sun and Pluto. Its luminosity is about one tenth of the faintest star. Its spectrum has large amounts of methane and water
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Magical Speech and Language Thematic Pack for Mixed Groups. Grab your wand because this magical speech and language packet is sure to add a bit of magic to your speech room, not only motivating for your students, but a whole lot of lesson planning
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Magical Speech and Language Thematic Pack for Mixed Groups. Grab your wand because this magical speech and language packet is sure to add a bit of magic to your speech room, not only motivating for your students, but a whole lot of lesson planning complete!
This magical speech and language set includes 1 cover card, 17 target cards, 4 game cards, and 2 blank cards for each of the following skills:
(Harry Potter Inspired) Seek out Details: Listening for details in sentences. ‘WH’ cue cards.
(Hermione Inspired) Conjuring Up Good Speech: Open-ended articulation cards.
(Ron Inspired) Invisibility Code Analogies: Complete the analogy cards with QR Code answers.
(Malfoy Inspired) Sorting Out What Doesn’t Belong: Choose what doesn’t belong from a group of 4. QR Code answers
(Ginny Inspired) Magical Map Following Directions: 3-step direction cards.
(Luna Inspired) Cross into Comparisons: Identify similarities and differences among the two words. Teaching cue card provided.
(Hagrid Inspired) Gamekeeper Conversations: Conversation starters. Conversation tips cue card.
(Neville Inspired) Mixing Up Regular Verbs: Regular verb word cards and fill in the blank sentences.
(Dumbledore Inspired) Professor Irregular Verbs: Irregular verb w
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Creating a mini terrarium is a fun project any time of year, but it’s particularly appropriate for National Teacher Appreciation Week, which begins Monday, May 7. Help your children honor their teachers and learn a little basic biology in the process
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Creating a mini terrarium is a fun project any time of year, but it’s particularly appropriate for National Teacher Appreciation Week, which begins Monday, May 7. Help your children honor their teachers and learn a little basic biology in the process. Here’s a list of supplies you’ll need to complete this project:
- Clear glass or plastic container
- Chalkboard craft paint
- Chalk or chalk pen
- Small rocks
- Activated charcoal
- Potting soil
- 1 – 3 small plants
- Decorative figurines
Terrariums come in two basic forms, open and enclosed, each of which caters to different varieties of plants. Open terrariums are best suited to drought-resistant plants, such as cacti and succulents. These plants are very hardy and require little maintenance — great gifts for people who don’t have a lot of extra time.
Enclosed terrariums, on the other hand, require more attention and provide the ideal environment for tropical plants, such as ferns and mosses. While these terrariums are higher maintenance, they also provide more opportunities for learning because each forms its own miniature ecosystem.
Once you decide on a terrarium setup, gather your plants. Choose small plants that won’t grow to more than 6 inches tall. In the interest of keeping our terrarium small, we decided to use a single plant. If you want a grouping, keep in mind that odd numbers and varying heights usually look best. Also, it’s essential to choose plants that require the same kind of care. Check the labels on the plants to be sure they’ll get along well.
The next step is to choose a container. You can find glass or plastic containers, with or without lids, at dollar stores, craft stores, or big box stores. (IKEA always seems to have a good variety.) The size you need depends on how many plants your child wants to use. Make sure the container is large enough the plants don’t touch the sides or crowd each other.
We decided on a smaller plastic container that could easily be tucked away and wouldn’t be dangerous if dropped. A large glass bowl in a setting with young children has disaster written all over it.
To personalize your container, apply three to four thin layers of chalkboard paint. Allow about an hour or so of drying time between applications. The wild popularity of this paint means you can now buy it in pretty colors and small quantities at your local craft store. Bright hues would be especially cute for an elementary school teacher.
When the paint is thoroughly dry, clean your container with hot, soapy water. Have your child put in a drainage layer of small stones about 1 inch thick so the plant’s roots won’t sit in water. (Gather stones on a nature walk or buy them at your local gardening center.)
Next, add a thin layer of activated charcoal to help filter the water. The best place to find this is in the aquarium or terrarium section of a pet store.
Finally, add a layer of soil suited to the type of plants you’re using. For our open-air, drought-resistant terrarium, we used a slow release soil meant specifically for cacti and succulents.
Combined, the drainage and soil layers should take up about one-quarter to one-half of the terrarium’s vertical space. (Keep this in mind when selecting your plants. In the end, our vibrant red cactus didn’t make the cut because it was too tall.)
Depending on the size of your container’s opening, use either a spoon or a skewer to dig a hole about twice the size of your plant’s root ball. After loosening the plant’s root ball, place it into the soil. Add a little more soil and pat everything down. Finish up by watering the soil.
Now’s your chance to add a little whimsy. Let your child pick out something, or someone, fun to keep the plants company.
If the terrarium is a gift for a teacher, have your child write the teacher’s name on the chalkboard label. If he has trouble writing on the small space, try using a chalk pen instead of traditional chalk.
A quick care reminder: Drought resistant terrariums need lots of indirect sunlight and the soil should dry out before waterings.
Photo Credit: Stephanie Morgan
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Remnants of Hurricane Bertha bring heavy rains to the UK
Ever wonder what happens to tropical cyclones once they veer away from the U.S. mainland?
Hurricane Bertha, the second named storm of the 2014 Atlantic hurricane
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Remnants of Hurricane Bertha bring heavy rains to the UK
Ever wonder what happens to tropical cyclones once they veer away from the U.S. mainland?
Hurricane Bertha, the second named storm of the 2014 Atlantic hurricane season made landfall on the Caribbean Islands, Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic back in the beginning of the month.
The storm took a track to the north and then the northeast, completely missing the U.S. mainland.
Once the storm posed no threat to the U.S., the storm became less talked about.
On Aug. 10, the remnants of Bertha were bringing heavy rains to the UK. That's right, England is seeing flooding rains and strong winds. The weakened system tracked all the way across the North Atlantic. As of Aug. 10, a "yellow warning for rain" was issued for parts of the UK, including London. This means the public should be aware of the potential for flooding and thunderstorms in the area.
The title image shows the visible satellite image over Europe while the related image shows the past history of Bertha in the Atlantic basin.
Pretty interesting, huh?
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On this day in 1972 Apollo 17, the last of the Apollo missions, was launched. The crew spent three days on the lunar surface and collected scientific data from the surface as well as from orbit. One of the experiments of the
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On this day in 1972 Apollo 17, the last of the Apollo missions, was launched. The crew spent three days on the lunar surface and collected scientific data from the surface as well as from orbit. One of the experiments of the mission involved five pocket mice that were brought along to test whether they would suffer any damage from cosmi
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- The Library Shop
- Rules and Regulations
- Using the Internet
- Website Terms and Conditions
- Gifts of Materials to NYPL
- © The New York Public Library, 2017
Photographs of British Algae is a
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- The Library Shop
- Rules and Regulations
- Using the Internet
- Website Terms and Conditions
- Gifts of Materials to NYPL
- © The New York Public Library, 2017
Photographs of British Algae is a landmark in the histories both of photography and of publishing: the first photographic work by a woman, and the first book produced entirely by photographic means. Instantly recognizable today as the blueprint process, the cyanotypes lend themselves beautifully to illustrate objects found in the sea. The Library's copy of British Algae originally belonged to Sir John Herschel (1792-1871), inventor of the blueprint process, among his many other photographic as well as scientific advances. One of thirteen known copies of the title, Photographs of British Algae was acquired in 1985 at auction directly from Herschel's descendants.
"The difficulty of making accurate drawings of objects as minute as many of the Algae and Confera, has induced
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In Healthworks, many of us got some very sweet hand written letters from kids at a local elementary school. They were asking us to pay attention to a very special day at their school, disability awareness day.
This is a day where they are
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In Healthworks, many of us got some very sweet hand written letters from kids at a local elementary school. They were asking us to pay attention to a very special day at their school, disability awareness day.
This is a day where they are learning something you can’t necessarily learn in a book. We are talking about awareness, empathy and compassion.
They are walking, writing, reading and moving in an entirely different way.
Fox 2: How is it being in a wheelchair?
School student: “Very hard, very hard, I don't know how people in wheelchairs do it.”
It's disabilities awareness day for the students at Marie C. Graham Elementary in Harrison Township, a fun, interactive workshop that leaves a serious impact.
After 10-year-old Sylvia Clark went through the workshop last year, she looks at people with disabilities differently.
“If it's hard for them you can say I understand, I feel your pain like it's very hard,” said Clark.
The effort to teach empathy really ramped up here a few years ago, because of a special student.
“He was in a horrific accident as a toddler and half of his body was burned,” said Lyndsey Lawrence, Graham Elementary teacher. “He was covered with skin grafts and he also lost one of his arms. We noticed we needed to help our students empathize with him.”
So, special education teacher Lyndsey Lawrence found this program that was created in the late 90's by two metro Detroit moms of kids with special needs. It's working, not only raising awareness, but acceptance.
“Students with disabilities tell us thank you now the kids understand what I go through,” said Lisa Kowalski, creator of the disabilities awareness workshop.
Quinn Corbin is excited for her classmates to learn about dyslexia, which she has.
“It helps when they know you can't get rid of it and you live with it your whole life because it's reading,” said Corbin.
Some of the struggles are very obvious, but the students also learn about challenges you can't see, like learning disabilities.
“When you have a child in a wheelchair or a child with a learning difference who are suddenly so confident about themselves that's why we do it,” said Kowalski.
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All Pets Veterinary Clinic
Fall and Winter Pet Hazards
The final months of the calendar year are among the most festive months of the year.
While we are busy enjoying Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Years we have to remember
that these holidays
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All Pets Veterinary Clinic
Fall and Winter Pet Hazards
The final months of the calendar year are among the most festive months of the year.
While we are busy enjoying Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Years we have to remember
that these holidays pose a set of special hazards to our pets. The remainder of
this article will look several common holiday associated dangers for pets and
provide tips to avoid holiday pet disasters.
1. Dietary indiscretion. The holidays mean parties and parties mean food!
It is not uncommon for pets to be given an excessive amount of goodies by
well-intentioned family members and friends. It is also not uncommon for pets
to help themselves by stealing unattended food from counters and tabletops and
from trash cans.
Some foods will cause gastrointestinal upset including vomiting and diarrhea.
While the signs can be mild and short-lived, excessive indulgence can cause more
severe illness or pancreatitis, which could be fatal. Some foods including
chocolate, macadamia nuts, grapes, raisins, sugarless sweets containing
xylitol, onions, and garlic are toxic to pets and should be avoided.
Dogs should not be given bones, cooked or raw, as they can cause problems,
literally from the tip of their nose to the tip of their tail. It is not
uncommon for bones to become lodged within the oral cavity, throat, esophagus,
stomach, and intestine.
Moving your pet to a different location in the house during parties and
advising your company to not feed your pet are easy steps that can be taken
to avoid dietary indiscretion. Make sure you empty trash bins and receptacles
promptly and remove them from the house especially if your pets are known to eat
from the trash.
2. Foreign bodies. Many people decorate their homes with a variety of
decorations during the holiday season. Pets, especially young dogs and cats, are
often very curious about the plethora of new things that arrive within their
environment and will often explore these items. It is not uncommon for pets to
accidentally ingest dangling ornaments, shiny tinsel, wreaths and garlands, etc.
Foreign material that is too large to pass or stringy in nature may become lodged
in the stomach or intestine. If this occurs your pet may experience vomiting,
lethargy, loss of appetite, depression, and abdominal pain. Bowel obstructions
that are not identified and remedied promptly can lead to serious complications
Prompt removal of items that your pet is continually pestering or relocation of
these items to an area in your home that the pet does not have access to is the
best protection against foreign body ingestion. If your pet does ingest foreign
material, immediate consultation with your veterinarian can make the difference
between a small problem and a large disaster.
3. Electrocution. Many holiday decorations will often require the addition
of extra electrical cords or the use of batteries. Curious dogs and cats will
sometimes chew on newly placed electrical cords and can receive serious injures
including oral burns. The contents of punctured batteries can also cause oral
ulceration and illness if ingested.
Make sure electrical cords are securely fastened and unplugged when not in use.
Again, if your pet is excessively interested in electrical cords move them to a
location that your pet does not inhabit or isolate your pet from these dangers.
4. Burns. Candles, melts, hot stovetops, space heaters, etc. can all thermal
injury and burns to your pet. Never leave anything with an open flame or hot surface
in the vicinity of your pet unless you are present and attentive to your pets
5. Bite wounds. Family gatherings often require traveling to different
locations and it is becoming more and more common for people to travel with their
pet. Whenever pets are exposed to
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Constipation is a condition in which you typically have fewer than three bowel movements a week and bowel movements with stools that are hard, dry, and small, making them painful or difficult to pass. The frequency of bowel movement, among healthy people,
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Constipation is a condition in which you typically have fewer than three bowel movements a week and bowel movements with stools that are hard, dry, and small, making them painful or difficult to pass. The frequency of bowel movement, among healthy people, varies greatly ranging from three movements a day to three times a week. If more than three days pass without bowel movement the condition gains clinical significance. During such time, the intestinal contents may harden, and a person may experience difficulty or even pain during defecation.
Related Journals of Constipation
Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, The Pharmaceutical Journal British Journal of Anaesthesia, Digestive and Liver Disease, Canadian Medical Association Journal, Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology, World Journal of Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Research and Practice
All Published work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Copyright © 2017 All rights reserved. iMedPub Last revised : July 23, 2017
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- Buddhism in Russia
- Igor Troyanovsky
Statistics: There are about 300,000 people of Buddhist faith, 432
Buddhist communities, and 16 datsans (monasteries) with 70 lamas
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- Buddhism in Russia
- Igor Troyanovsky
Statistics: There are about 300,000 people of Buddhist faith, 432
Buddhist communities, and 16 datsans (monasteries) with 70 lamas in Soviet republics. Most
Buddhists are located in the Huryat, Kalmyk, and Tuva republics, in the Chita Region of
the Russian Federation, and in Leningrad and other cities.
Organizations: The highest authority for Soviet Buddhists is the
Central Buddhist Board based in the Ivolginski Datsan in the Buryat Republic. (A permanent
office in Moscow is concerned with external relations). The congress of clergy and laity
convenes once in four years and elects the members of the Board. Head of the Central
Buddhist Board is Bandido Khambo-Lama Munko Tsybikov, 82.
Brief History: Mongolian and Tibetan lamas first appeared on the
eastern shores of Lake Baikal in the middle of the 17th century and quickly spread
Buddhism in the area. Later in that century Buddhism emerged as the dominant religion in
Tuva. The Kalmyks who migrated from China to the lower reaches of the Volga in the later
half of the 17th century also professed Buddhism.
Tzarist authorities were fairly tolerant with respect to Buddhists. In the 1930s the
Buddhists suffered more than any other religious community in the Soviet Union. Prosperous
monasteries and churches, many of which were architectural masterpieces, were closed. All
Buddhist religious buildings in the Khalmyk Republics and Tuva were razed as were most
Buddhist monasteries in the Buryat Republic. Not a single functioning temple and not a
single lama remained. After the Second World War, two temples with a limited number of
monks were built. Religious life was under rigid official control. The late 1980s saw a
renaissance of Buddhism; monasteries were opened and the publication of spiritual
literature and periodicals resumed. In early 1991 a Buddhist school opened at the
Current Situation and Problems: There is a dire shortage of lamas, even
though training is provided in Mongolia and Nepal. Contrary to the traditional view of
their way of life, many of them are married and have children. Their families live in
datsans. One new development is the nontraditional involvement of people in the
west-European Soviet areas in Buddhist activities.
REBIRTH OF BUDDHISM
As the day of 15 January 1989 dawned, the people of the Kalmyk Republic
capital, Elista, for the first time in fifty years head the divine sound of a conch
proclaiming the rebirth of a Buddhist community. People sitting in a praying posture
expressed joy and had tears in their eyes when lamas who had arrived from the Ivolginsk
datsan - a Buddhist monastery in Siberia - began the ritual of opening a Kalmyk holiday,
In 1991 the first Buddhist religious school opened in Buryatiya
(Siberia) with sixty pupils not only from Buryatiya but also from the Kalmyk and Tuva
The Kalmyk Autonomous Republic on the Caspian steppes of the lower
Volga, the republics of buryat and Tuva, and the Chita and Irkutsk regions in Siberia are
the traditional areas of Buddhism in the Soviet Union. However, in the 1930s, at the
height of Stalins dictatorship, all Buddhist temples in the country were closed
down, and thousands of lamas were persecuted. Buddhist monasteries were blown up, their
priceless treasures thrown into the fire if attempts to hide them failed.
Only after World War II, when government policies towards religion
softened somewhat, the Aginski datsan (monastery) in the Chita region reopened and the
Ivolginsk datsan in the Buryat Republic was rebuilt. However, Buddhism remained a banned
religion in the Kalmyk and Tuva republics.
The years of perestroika and glasnot have made it possible to correct
this glaring injustice. A revival of Buddhism has begun both in Siberia and in the
European Soviet republics. New temples are opening and the number of lamas is increasing.
A Buddhist community is being established in Tuva, in south central Siberia.
SOVIET BUDDHIST HISTORY
Mongolian and Tibetan lamas first came to the area east of Lake Baikal,
regions close to the Mongolian border, in the first half of the seventeenth century.
Later, religious centers - Buddhist monasteries, or datsans - appeared in other areas of
Buryatiya, too. Within a short time mos
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1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data A mass of 0.736 kg of molecular oxygen is contained in a cylinder at a pressure of 1.0 × 105 Pa and a temperature of 1°C.
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1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data A mass of 0.736 kg of molecular oxygen is contained in a cylinder at a pressure of 1.0 × 105 Pa and a temperature of 1°C. What volume does the gas occupy? 2. Relevant equations PV=nRT V=nRT/P 3. The attempt at a solution n=(.736)(1000)/16 = 46 V = (46)(8.31)(274.15)/(1x10^5) where n = 46 R = 8.31 J/K/mol T = 274.15k P = 1x10^5 but that is not the correct answer, what am i doing wrong??
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St. Pope Dionysius
Pope from 259-268, who rebuilt the Church after the persecution conducted by Emperor Valerian. Dionysius was a Greek who served as a priest in Rome. He was elected pope on July
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St. Pope Dionysius
Pope from 259-268, who rebuilt the Church after the persecution conducted by Emperor Valerian. Dionysius was a Greek who served as a priest in Rome. He was elected pope on July 22, 259, after a year's delay caused by the persecution. In 260, Dionysius defended the doctrine of the Holy Trinity against the heresy of Sabellianism. He also condemned Paul of Samosata for heretical teaching. Dionysius sent large sums of money to Cappadocia, which had been ravaged by the Goths. He rebuilt many areas after Emperor Gallienus issued an edict of toleration of Christians. Dionysius died in Rome, was the first pope not listed as a martyr, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
Saint Feast Days by Month
Saints Joachim (sometimes spelled "Joaquin," pronounced "wal-keem") and Anne, are the parents of the Virgin Mary. There are no mentions of them in the Bible or Gospels, what we know comes from... continue readingMore Saint of the Day
Generations of Catholics have admi
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- Attitude to the disabled
- Treatment by staff
- Children’s conditions (cerebral palsy, Down’s Syndrome, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, blind)
- Common practices and changing the practices
- Behavior of children
-
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- Attitude to the disabled
- Treatment by staff
- Children’s conditions (cerebral palsy, Down’s Syndrome, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, blind)
- Common practices and changing the practices
- Behavior of children
- What to do if you see something you don’t like
Attitudes toward the disabled in Vietnam
Often (but by no means always) the attitude toward those with mental and/physical disabilities in Vietnam can seem startlingly cruel to many of us. Some consider a disability to be a punishment for past crimes by the family or a sign that they represent bad luck for anyone connected to them. That can lead to abandonment and isolation for the family of the disabled child and with little or no education in caring for a child with disabilities the stress can be overwhelming for the family, as well as increasing the suffering of that child. Often a family will take their child to a disabled center as a last resort, when they do not know where else to go. Centers for care for children with disabilities are generally poorly funded by the government whereas disabled care NGO day care centers on the other hand tend to have a more positive and open attitude, being more focused on the welfare and education of the children, and direct funding for this purpose is often evident.
Background info about disabled care centers in Vietnam.
Often carers & staff are poorly motivated, poorly trained, poorly paid and grossly overworked. Staff in the centers often develops a coping strategy of negligent laziness; they let the children down together, to avoid individual blame or personal responsibility. The staff culture often operates almost as a “closed shop”, outside of the control or supervision of the directors. Staff is often trained heavily in the importance of discipline in classrooms, having been trained to teach regular school classes rather than specifically disabled children. As a result teachers can very easily become frustrated and often resort to violence to try to maintain order.
Due to the way the government centers are run, the directors are often forced to concentrate on administration tasks, budget and funding, which keeps them at a distance from the actual work of the carers or teachers and contributes to the ability of the isolationist culture of the staff to persist.
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posted by mysterychicken.
Need help with this:
40. DNA fingerprinting is used in many situations to help identify individuals. Analyze the situation below before answering the questions that follow.
A man was attacked and robbed, but remembers nothing of
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posted by mysterychicken.
Need help with this:
40. DNA fingerprinting is used in many situations to help identify individuals. Analyze the situation below before answering the questions that follow.
A man was attacked and robbed, but remembers nothing of the incident because he fell and hit his head. He has numerous cuts and abrasions from the event, and blood was found under his fingernails. A piece of torn clothing with a bloodstain on it was also found at the scene.
Two people were seen near the crime scene. Both males, they say they don't know each other and just happened to be near the scene at the time of the attack. One of the males has a fresh scratch across his face, while the other male has a scratch on his right arm.
It's not clear from observations of the crime scene how many individuals were involved in the crime. Two males have reportedly been robbing individuals in the vicinity. There's a rumor that the two are brothers.
a. Explain two DISTINCT uses that DNA fingerprinting could be used for in this situation. In particular, what are two important issues that should be resolved to help clarify the identity of the individuals of the body fluids found at the scene?
b. How could you test one of these issues using DNA fingerprinting without using blood samples from the scene of the crime.
They don't know each other? DNA can show if they are brothers.
Were they in a scuffle? DNA under the fingernails might be matched to the men who don't know each other.
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The Bay of Fundy’s tides also cause tidal bores when the incoming tide reverses the flow of Fundy’s out-flowing rivers. Times for communities with tidal bores are also listed in brackets. For tidal bores, it
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The Bay of Fundy’s tides also cause tidal bores when the incoming tide reverses the flow of Fundy’s out-flowing rivers. Times for communities with tidal bores are also listed in brackets. For tidal bores, it’s a good idea to check with the location where you plan to see the bore; because the bore time varies depending from where along the river you are watching.
New Brunswick tide times
How to read tide charts
If you’re having trouble figuring out how to read the tide charts linked above, then you may find this sample chart helpful. This is a chart for Burntcoat Head (Nova Scotia) for June 23, 2008.
- You can see that on this day there are 2 high tides and 2 low tides.
- In any chart the high tide is identifiable from the low tide because it’s the row with the bigger numbers (in metres & feet).
- Even when the tide is fully low, there is still a measurement indicated for low tide because the Bay doesn’t completely empty like a bathtub!
- Note that tide times move ahead about 52 minutes every day, so the high and low times for Burntcoat on Friday, June 27, will be about 4 hours later than the Monday tides.
- Use the links above to find tide times for your travel dates.
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United Methodism embraces an internal tension in its official statements on war. The United Methodist Discipline both teaches that war is “incompatible with the teachings of Christ” (¶165.C) and professes respect for “those who support the use of
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United Methodism embraces an internal tension in its official statements on war. The United Methodist Discipline both teaches that war is “incompatible with the teachings of Christ” (¶165.C) and professes respect for “those who support the use of force” under limiting conditions (¶164.I). Such tensions are an outcome of United Methodism’s democratic polity, but they also reflect deeper sources of denominational identity. To fill out this claim, it is helpful to locate United Methodism on a continuum of denominational optimism and pessimism concerning Christian interactions with “the world.”
Despite their differences in practice, Lutheran and Mennonite positions overlap in their dour views of the world. Both agree in emphasizing the intractable nature of sin in the world. Lutherans then accept their responsibility in the divine order to restrain evil in the world by use of the sword. Mennonites relinquish responsibility for the world and focus upon manifesting the non-violent Kingdom of God in the social life of the church.
Occupying the middle ground on the continuum of Christian optimism and pessimism, the Roman Catholic position accepts that the world is corrupted by sin, but maintains that human reason has only been injured and not fundamentally corrupted by sin. As such, it is possible in many situations to think through how to deal with entrenched sin. This tradition has been the driving force behind most just-war thinking.
On the more optimistic side of the spectrum, we find the Quakers. Quakers are buoyed by belief in the “inner light” of the spirit in every human being. This light leads the Christian to the imitation of Christ in non-resistant witness. This witness can be the mechanism for awakening the light in other persons, and thus bringing transformation to the world. As such, Quakers share optimism both about the inherent quality of humanity and about the possibilities of bringing justice to the world, but only by non-violent action.
Where then should United Methodism be located in this scheme? While John Wesley thought of himself as an Augustinian, his emphasis upon God’s grace led to a non-Augustinian optimism about humanity. All of the world, Wesley taught, was caught up in prevenient grace; that grace which returns to humanity the ability to choose against its sinful inclinations and move toward God. The upshot is that United Methodism is left with a deep sense of optimism about the possibilities for individual and social perfection, and a correlative sense of responsibility for bringing such perfection about.
Methodism does not have the realism of either the Mennonite or Lutheran position. It does not expect the world to be fundamentally resistant to justice. Methodism also lacks the rationalism of the Roman Catholic position. United Methodists tend not to want to think through engagement with evil lest the compromises of perfection required by such engagement come to appear to be rules rather than exceptions. Of the denominations treated here, Methodism has most in common with the Quaker tradition. But Methodism lacks the peace church tradition which absolutely prevents recourse to violence. The upshot is that the Methodist position rapturously embraces “justice with peace” and then, very-reluctantly, accepts violence when it turns out that justice cannot be achieved by other means.
Given this location, it is not surprising that in the 1980s, when the United Methodist Bishops went to address the crisis of nuclear war, they found the most palatable just-war approach to be grounded in “a strong presumption against violence.” This position was in large part the product of the work of James Childress, the Quaker moral theologian who had been converted from pacifism by the (more Lutheran) work of Reinhold Niebuhr.
It is also not surprising that United Methodists produce tensions in their own denominational statements on war. These reflect the underlying tension between Methodism’s optimism about what can be achieved through universally grace-touched human nature, and its correlated feeling of responsibility for bringing about justice in the world.
So, what shall United Methodists do? I will close with two pieces of advice.
First, be good United Methodists. The impulse to bring justice by peaceful means is a powerful one. It is this impulse that leads Methodists to take to just-peacemaking practices like ducks to water. The world needs people with the motivation and the means to advocate and act for justice prior to the outbreak of conflict. United Methodists are built for this, and should throw themselves into the work of spreading social holiness to avoid conflict.
Second, United Methodists should learn something from the realism and rationalism of their more pessimistic brethren. Too many Methodists begin their ministry with grand hopes to change the world only to be crushed when the world resists their efforts. Methodism must maintain its passion for progressive justice, but it must do so while recognizing that it must steel itself for frequent failure and must think through long term engagement with recalcitrant evil.
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About the Book
Vedavyasa emerged over the Indian Literary horizon, who besides working on the Vedas had also composed the epic of Mahabharta as well as the eighteen Puranas. The Up-puranas. Also are believed to
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About the Book
Vedavyasa emerged over the Indian Literary horizon, who besides working on the Vedas had also composed the epic of Mahabharta as well as the eighteen Puranas. The Up-puranas. Also are believed to have been composed by him and the Devi Mahabhagavata Purana, which comes under the category of the Up-Puranas is also attributed to him.
As compared to the other Puranic texts, Devi Purana could not gain much of importance as compared to the Visnu, Siva, Markandeya or the Bhagavata Purana etc. This Puranc is mainly dedicated to the exploits of the Universal Mother or Jagadamba, whose personality has been projected quite force full in this Purana. Basides other episods, the events of the marriage of Sati and Parvati with Siva have been lively projected, besides highlighting the lively projected, besides highlighting the lives of Siva, Sri Rama, others distus like Indra and others. The most interesting aspect of these projections are the projections of ten Mahavidyas by Sati before Siva, and Siva’s appearing as Radha and Parvati’s, appearing a Krsna on earth. This is a unique aspect of the Purana the Parallel of which is rarely in other Puranas. Chapter 23, of this Purana displays the event of Siva reciting the thousand names stotra or Lalitasahasranama-stotra. In chapter 67, the text of Sivasahasranama is available, and in chapter 75, the stotra eilogusing Ganga with the hundred and eight names enshrined. With the above salient features of the Purana, I am confident that hthe work its translation would find with scholars as well as other readers.
About the Author
Dr. Shanti Lal Nagar a Graduate of the Pujab University has served the Archaeological Survey of Indian and the Ministry of Home Affairs for over four decades, curaticel and other capacities. He has to his credit the scientific documentation of over fifty thousand antiquities like sculptares, bronzes, paintings, pattery beads etc. ranging from the earliest times to the late medieval period. He was given an award by the Government of Himachal Pradesh in 1983 for his monograph on the antiquian remains in the state. He was also awarded a Fallowship, for his monograph on the Temples of Himachal Pradesh, during 1987-89, by the Indian Council of Historical research, New Delhi. He was given Anuvadesri award during 2007-8, by the Bharatiya Anuvada Parisad, NewDelhi.
He has been associated with the Government of Sikkim, as consultant for the setting up of the sculptures of the Hindu deities on the basis on the basis of the related provisions of the Ancient Indian iconography for over four years, which has since been completed. He had been entrusted with the bringing out of two publications on the Sikkim project known as Siddhivara Dhama as well as (1) the Holy land of the Kiratesvara Mahadeva, both of which have since been completed. The first one has been published by the Sikkim Government, while the other one is under print.
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List of Pronouns
This list of pronouns will give you a good idea about the various types.
There are two types of personal pronouns:
Subject Pronouns and Object Pronouns
I come to you next week.
You should go to
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List of Pronouns
This list of pronouns will give you a good idea about the various types.
There are two types of personal pronouns:
Subject Pronouns and Object Pronouns
I come to you next week.
You should go to the market.
He sells cars.
She cries a lot.
It makes me angry
They go now.
We travel a lot.
The man told me what to do.
The boy gave you the book.
The mother cooked for him.
The bus didn't wait for her.
Buy it now.
He did it for us. Dad bought them last week.
Examples:The shop, which sells the best bread in town, has been closed.
This is the car that my father bought.
Tell me the facts that help to find him.
The boy who arrived from Germany is very young.
The man whose house burned down visited me yesterday.
The old man gave me a gift which was amazing.
The men,who worked in the house, are not reliable.
The kid,whose dad is a dentist, is very intelligent.
That's the boy who has kicked the ball.
My neighbour, who shouts a lot, annoys me.
Germany which is in Europe is overpopulated.
Go to the shop which is not far.
The company, whose boss is a woman, is in the city.
This is the teacher, with whom I s
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Screen Video Recorder is an application used for recording what is currently happening on the computer screen. The program has the ability to record the activities, like streaming video, audio, texts currently being typed, and mouse hovers. The output video of the
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Screen Video Recorder is an application used for recording what is currently happening on the computer screen. The program has the ability to record the activities, like streaming video, audio, texts currently being typed, and mouse hovers. The output video of the screen activity can be saved in either AVI or WMV format. This software is useful when making video tutorials and other instructional materials.
Screen Video Recorder's interface puts all the important functions at the upper portion of the window. When the user is ready to record, he can simply click the "Record" button. Playing back the recorded file can be done by clicking the "Play" function.
The program's five settings can be configured for maximum control over the recording. One of the settings that can be adjusted is the screen region. When a range is selected, only activities on that part of the computer’s screen will be recorded by the software. A hotkey can also be identified. This is a keyboard shortcut that the can press to control the application’s record button. Additionally, the user can choose to exclude some activities from being recorded. These can be specified on the options menu.
The program comes with a manual to help users who may need assistance.
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This feature has been added to the robot AWBB v2.0
Why using Bluetooth LE?To export data from the robot to the internet we have chosen to link it to a mobile device using this new kind of connection: the Bluetooth LE
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This feature has been added to the robot AWBB v2.0
Why using Bluetooth LE?To export data from the robot to the internet we have chosen to link it to a mobile device using this new kind of connection: the Bluetooth LE (Low Energy). It's made for connected object (Internet of things for example) and it has the particularity to consume a few quantity of energy.
We have chosen the BLE-LINK v1.0 from DFRobot as it's easy to configure, it use a serial connection and allows 5V on RX pin.
To learn more on Bluetooth LE, go on Wikipedia
Due to lack of available pins, we decide to connect the BLE-Link as follow:
- TX pin of the BLE-Link to the SPI/ICSP connector on SCK
- RX pin of the BLE-Link to the SPI/ICSP connector on MISO.
Powering the BLE-LinkRegarding BLE-Link power, we encountered a small problem, as it based on xBee board powered with 3.3V and having only 5V on the Robot, we decided to solder a USB female plug on the Robot to have 5V and connect it to USB port of the BLE-Link using a standard USB cable.
Initialize and configure the BLE-Link
You will find all these information on the DFRobot Wiki page of the BLE-Link
You have to include the SoftwareSerial library to your project but with Arduino IDE 1.5.4 some core arduino header files must be patched to be able to compile.
You have to add these 4 definition (digitalPinToPCICR, digitalPinToPCICRbit, digitalPinToPCMSK, digitalPinToPCMSKbit(p) ) into the pin_arduino.h file in these following directories:
How to use 2 devices using SoftwareSerial library?When you have 2 devices using SoftwareSerial library it's important to choose which one of the devices will be the main one, the one who will listening the RX pin. Once this device has received something and realized its treatment, the second one can realize a request or get its data from its RX pin.
In our case on motor board, on beginGPS() we start the serial connection to te GPS and close it:And each time the GPS needs to be processed the processGPS is called:
The rest of the time can be used to listen the RX port for the Bluetooth device:
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Millions of workers and youth around the world have been observing carefully the current events in Greece. 24- and 48-hour general strikes, mass demonstrations, the sieges of parliament during the austerity votes are all looked upon with enormous sympathy and
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Millions of workers and youth around the world have been observing carefully the current events in Greece. 24- and 48-hour general strikes, mass demonstrations, the sieges of parliament during the austerity votes are all looked upon with enormous sympathy and the role of the Greek Communist Party (KKE) in these events is evident to everybody.
Massive, militant blocs in the demonstrations and actions such as the draping of the Parthenon with a huge banner inviting the peoples of Europe to revolt have raised great admiration among important layers of the Left. However, although it is clear that the KKE is one of the main actors in the pre-revolutionary situation that exists in Greece, can we regard it as a model for our own struggles? This article attempts to analyse, although briefly, the political line and the programme of the Greek Communists.
The historical roots of the KKE and its links to Stalinism
The origins of the KKE can be traced back to the Socialist Labour Party of Greece (SEKE) founded in 1918. Under the influence of the October Revolution SEKE joined the Third International taking the name SEKE-Communist (SEKE-K) and adopting a Marxist revolutionary programme. Only in 1924 would it adopt the name KKE.
In the process of Stalinisation of the party in the 1920s a Left opposition emerged around Pantelis Pouliopoulos, who had been the first secretary of the party, but in 1927 the Stalinist leadership expelled this tendency. The fact remains that this Left opposition controlled the proletarian stronghold of the party, the organisation in Piraeus. Pantelis Pouliopoulos, apart from being the first secretary of the party, was the most able Greek Marxist theoretician and a supporter of Trotsky.
Metaxas later took power in Greece through a coup in 1936. He then proceeded to outlaw the Communist Party, persecuting and killing its activists, and established a Fascist dictatorship according to the Mussolini model.
In 1941, during the Second World War, the KKE promoted the National Liberation Front (EAM). Following the directions of Stalin and the political line of Popular Frontism, EAM did not include only proletarian or left-wing organisations, but also bourgeois radicals and monarchists who had suddenly turned democrats. Just as Palmiro Togliatti in Italy had imposed on the Italian Communist Party and its activists a front of the workers' with bourgeois parties such as the Christian Democracy and the monarchists, in the same way the KKE lead
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Knee Ligament Injuries
The knee is a complex joint which consists of bone, cartilage, ligaments and tendons that make joint movements easy and at the same time more susceptible to various kinds of injuries.
Knee problems may arise
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Knee Ligament Injuries
The knee is a complex joint which consists of bone, cartilage, ligaments and tendons that make joint movements easy and at the same time more susceptible to various kinds of injuries.
Knee problems may arise if any of these structures get injured by overuse or suddenly during sports activities. Pain, swelling, and stiffness are the common symptoms of any damage or injury to the knee. Common causes of knee injury include:
- Fracture of the femur (thigh bone) or tibia and fibula (leg bones)
- Torn ligament (either anterior or posterior cruciate ligament)
- Rupture of blood vessels following a trauma that leads to accumulation of extra fluid or blood in the joint
- Dislocation of knee cap (patella)
- Torn quadriceps or hamstring muscles
- Patellar tendon tear
An ACL injury is a sports-related injury that occurs when the knee is forcefully twisted or hyperextended. An ACL tear usually occurs with an abrupt directional change with the foot fixed on the ground or when the deceleration force crosses the knee. Changing direction rapidly, stopping suddenly, slowing down while running, landing from a jump incorrectly, and direct contact or collision, such as a football tackle can also cause injury to the ACL.
The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is the ligament that is located on the inner part of the knee joint. It runs from the femur (thigh bone) to the top of the tibia (shin bone) and helps in stabilizing the knee. Medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury can result in a stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the ligament. Injuries to the MCL commonly occur as a result of a pressure or stress on the outside part of the knee.
PCL injuries are very rare and are difficult to detect than other knee ligament injuries. Cartilage injuries, bone bruises, and ligament injuries often occur in combination with PCL injuries. Injuries to the PCL can be graded as I, II or III depending on the severity of injury. In grade I the ligament is mildly damaged and slightly stretched, but the knee joint is stable. In grade II there is a partial tear of the ligament. In grade III there is a complete tear of the ligament and the ligament is divided into two halves making the knee joint unstable.
The PCL is usually injured by a direct impact, such as in an automobile accident when the bent knee forcefully strikes the dashboard. In sports, it can occur when an athlete falls to the ground with a bent knee. Twisting injury or overextending the knee can cause the PCL to tear.
Immediately following a knee injury before being evaluated by a doctor, you can initiate the R.I.C.E. method of treatment:
- Rest: Rest the knee as more damage could result from pressure on the injury
- Ice: Ice packs can be applied to the injured area to reduce swelling and pain. Never place ice directly over the skin. Ice should be wrapped in a towel and applied to the affected area for 15-20 minutes four times in a day for several days
- Compression: Wrapping the knee with an elastic bandage or compression stocking can help minimize the swelling and support your knee
- Elevation: Elevating the knee above the heart level will also help reduce swelling and pain.
It is important to seek your doctor’s advice if you hear a popping noise or feel as if your knee has given way at the time of injury and if you are unable to move your knee because of severe pain.
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Known as a skim task, the idea of a gist activity is for students to get the songs overall meaning.
As with standard listening comprehension, there are a variety of exercises that you can do with songs: true or false, matching exercises, open
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Known as a skim task, the idea of a gist activity is for students to get the songs overall meaning.
As with standard listening comprehension, there are a variety of exercises that you can do with songs: true or false, matching exercises, open comprehension questions, etc.
Vast variety of songs out there in the world means that there are a vast variety of ways to use them as esl listening materials.
Songs are an invaluable resource for esl listening lessons, so what are you waiting for?
English lessons using songs
Of course, you can always just do the songs with your students for the sheer pleasure of it.
Do you have any ideas for how the songs that are already here could be best used in the class?
Are some ideas for the use of songs in the esl class:Filling in the blankssongs are often used in this way in the esl classroom.
There are tons of great choices there when youre looking for songs for in-class activities.
English class with songs
You have any requests for songs that you would like to see on this page?
's great to use songs in the class, if only to do something a little different.
Fluentu takes real-world videoslike music videos, cartoons, documentaries and moreand turns them into personalized language learning lessons for you and your students.
Good songs for this are, "imagine" & "man gave names to all the animals" by bob dylan.
I hope that it will inspire many songs from the students and anyone who uses it really.
Some of the songs, i have included a couple of suggestions as to how they can be used but everyone will find something different in each song worth doing.
Lets get started by looking a
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Column: Regime and regimen
Question: “I wonder if you have done a commentary on the use of regime and regimen. I often hear or read discussions of ‘performing a training (or workout) regime.’ I always thought a regime
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Column: Regime and regimen
Question: “I wonder if you have done a commentary on the use of regime and regimen. I often hear or read discussions of ‘performing a training (or workout) regime.’ I always thought a regime was a form of leadership and government whereas regimen was a protocol of sorts. Thanks for any input.” – (Mark Cutler)
Answer: Thanks for the question, Mark. It’s an interesting one, because the two words share an origin in the Latin regere, but have come to denote different things.
Let’s talk about their primary definitions first.
“Regime” refers to a form of government or a particular period of rule. A study of Vietnam might talk about the “Nixon regime,” for example.
We understand “regimen” to mean a plan or set of rules, especially one designed to improve the health of a patient. A diet and workout plan would be a regimen, as would be a doctor prescribing antibiotics, fluid and bed rest.
(Side note: Although “regimen” takes the form of “regiment” as a verb, nowadays we only use the noun form of “regiment” to mean a military unit.)
That seems all well and good, until you look further down their dictionary entries and see secondary definitions which cross over one another.
What you will find is that “regimen” used to mean “a system of rule or government” has fallen into disuse, while “regime” used to mean “a system or planned way of doing things” is still used.
So which to use? At the end of the day, “regimen” is your best choice if you want to describe a plan to get healthier, and “regime” is your best choice if you want to describe a government. Although “regime” has managed to retain more flexibility over the centuries, it comes with a connotation of authoritarianism, even when used as a substitute for “regimen” – so consider that when you’re thinking about spending a weekend at grandma’s house under her “regime” of ice cream and cookies.
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Monday, August 18, 2014 - 12:54 PM
Did you know that as a taxpayer you have rights? Just as the Constitution protects the rights of its citizens, taxpayers also have rights that must be protected by the IRS
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Monday, August 18, 2014 - 12:54 PM
Did you know that as a taxpayer you have rights? Just as the Constitution protects the rights of its citizens, taxpayers also have rights that must be protected by the IRS. Most taxpayers believe that they do not have any rights when it comes to dealing with the IRS. However, this is not true. Congress has incorporated many rights for taxpayers within the tax code. Knowing and understanding your rights as a taxpayer can help make sure you are treated fairly.
The tax code includes numerous taxpayer rights, but they are scattered throughout the code, making it difficult for people to track and understand. Similar to the U.S. Constitution’s Bill of Rights, the Taxpayer Bill of Rights contains 10 provisions. They are:
1. The Right to Be Informed
2. The Right to Quality Service
3. The Right to Pay No More than the Correct Amount of Tax
4. The Right to Challenge the IRS’s Position and Be Heard
5. The Right to Appeal an IRS Decision in an Independent Forum
6. The Right to Finality
7. The Right to Privacy
8. The Right to Confidentiality
9. The Right to Retain Representation
10. The Right to a Fair and Just Tax System
The IRS must inform the taxpayer of its activities. It cannot assess additional taxes on a return without notifying the taxpayer of its intent to assess additional taxes. The IRS must offer quality service. Quality service means that the IRS has followed the tax code when taking action. Quality service is not equivalent to quick service when dealing with the IRS.
A taxpayer has the right to pay no more than the correct amount of tax due. When a taxpayer receives a notice regarding an error with the tax return (CP2000 Notice), if additional tax is due it is because the return was not correct when submitted. This is often the case when a taxpayer forgets to add a W2 or 1099 to the return.
A taxpayer has the right to challenge the IRS ‘s position and be heard. Just receiving a notice that additional tax is assessed does not mean the taxpayer can’t provide information that would adjust the additional tax. When a taxpayer does not file a return and the IRS has information that the taxpayer should have filed a return a substitute return is filed by the IRS. Usually, this return is based on only the income information the IRS has on hand. The subst
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On Monday, the federal Environmental Protection Agency finalized a new set of rules – known as the Clean Power Plan – that would aim to cut carbon emissions by 32 percent over the next 15 years.
The new rules are part of President Obama’s
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On Monday, the federal Environmental Protection Agency finalized a new set of rules – known as the Clean Power Plan – that would aim to cut carbon emissions by 32 percent over the next 15 years.
The new rules are part of President Obama’s effort to combat global warming, but are only anticipated to reduce global temperatures by.018 degrees by the year 2100.
According to a joint report by The John K. MacIver Institute for Public Policy and The Beacon Hill
Institute at Suffolk University, these new rules will have a devastating impact on Wisconsin’s economy.
The original Clean Power Plan proposal would cost Wisconsin $920 million in 2030 and increase electricity prices by 19 percent. Wisconsin would also lose 20,995 jobs from these higher energy costs, leading to $1.82 billion less disposable income and $236 million less investment in the state.
Brett Healy, president of the MacIver Institute, released the following statement after the new rules were announced:
“Wisconsin’s economy cannot afford another mandate from the federal government that only serves to hamper our economy. The sta
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Characteristics of UV Radiation
Fate and Transport of UV Radiation
Monitoring UV Radiation
Methods of Measurement of Human Exposure
Prevention of Exposure
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism
Sites of Toxicity
Biomarkers of Disease
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Characteristics of UV Radiation
Fate and Transport of UV Radiation
Monitoring UV Radiation
Methods of Measurement of Human Exposure
Prevention of Exposure
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism
Sites of Toxicity
Biomarkers of Disease
Molecular Mechanism of Action
Risk Assessment and Risk Management
Ultraviolet Radiation Monitoring
UV Monitoring in the United States
US Global Exchange
The US Global Change Research Program, in collaboration with various agencies is responsible for the UV monitoring in the United States.
Other Monitoring Efforts
There are other UV monitoring instruments located at universities, hospitals, and research institutes.
- National Science Foundation (NSF)
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- NOAA UV Monitoring Network
- Smithsonian Institute
- National Biological Survey (NBS)
Two wilderness projects in the NBS currently include UV-B measurements. The Intermountain Wilderness Area Ecosystem Study (IWAES) involves the establishment of a network of 15 ecosystem monitoring sites at Bureau of Land Management (BLM) wilderness areas or wilderness study areas. The Paired Ecosystem Project will establish the same type of monitoring sites, with four sites in North America and four sites in the former Soviet Union. These sites will be established at ecosystem boundaries likely to be sensitive to the effects of global atmospheric and climatic change.
- NOAA Robertson Berger network
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Split solar heaters give the ability to place the solar collectors and storage cylinders at different levels. In most cases the storage cylinder will be at a lower point than the collectors usually mounted on the floor or ground level.
These systems can be done using either
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Split solar heaters give the ability to place the solar collectors and storage cylinders at different levels. In most cases the storage cylinder will be at a lower point than the collectors usually mounted on the floor or ground level.
These systems can be done using either evacuated tubes or flat plate panels and they are nearly always pressurized. As the hot water storage cylinder is at lower level them the panels, active circulation is necessary to ensure water heating takes place. The circulation is achieved by a pumping station integrated in the system. This works through differential temperature control between the collectors and the storage.
They are cost-wise more expensive than both normal evacuated
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New California fault line: A path to better earthquake models?
Seismologists have discovered evidence of a previously unknown fault running under the edge of the Salton Sea, which may accommodate some of the strain on the San Andreas fault.
Seismologists
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New California fault line: A path to better earthquake models?
Seismologists have discovered evidence of a previously unknown fault running under the edge of the Salton Sea, which may accommodate some of the strain on the San Andreas fault.
Seismologists in California have discovered evidence of a new fault line that runs along the eastern edge of the inland Salton Sea, parallel to the infamous San Andreas fault (SSAF), according to research published this week.
Up until now the Salton trough fault (STF) managed to remain hidden, despite how well-surveyed and seismically active the state of California is, because it is underwater.
More research into the length of the fault will need to be conducted before the researchers can ascertain how dangerous it may be to the southern California region.
"Things like locations of the fault and expected magnitude at the fault are what's used to predict the maximum ground shaking a region can expect," Valerie Sahakian, a researcher with the U.S. Geological Survey and lead author of the study, told USA Today.
Published in the Bulletin the of Seismological Society of America, the study was conducted by seismologists from University of California, San Diego's Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and the University of Nevada, Reno's Nevada Seismological Laboratory.
During seismic experiments, the team found evidence of "extensional deformation" along the lake's shore – caused when pressure on rocks forces them to stretch – which the researchers believe points to a previously unknown fault. The fault may have been absorbing some of the strain on the San Andreas fault system, helping to explain why its southern section has not occurred for the last 300 years.
"The extended nature of time since the most recent earthquake on the Southern San Andreas has been puzzling to the earth sciences community," Graham Kent, a study coauthor and a Nevada State seismologist, said in a press release.
A better understanding of the STF would add to researchers' understanding of how the faults interact, which could help improve models used to prepare for earthquakes.
"To aid in accurately assessing seismic hazard and reducing risk in a tectonically active region, it is crucial to correctly identify and locate faults before earthquakes happen," Dr. Sahakian said.
In recent weeks, California has felt nearly 200 small earthquakes around the Salton Sea, which temporarily raised the risk of a larger quake.
"Any time there is significant seismic activity in the vicinity of the San Andreas fault, we seismologists get nervous," Thomas H. Jordan, the director of the Southern California Earthquake Center, told the Los Angeles Times, "because we recognize that the probability of having a large earthquake goes up."
According to Sahakian, however, the string of small earthquakes and the discovery of the new fault were unrelated.
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Bread, the staff of life, is also a cornerstone of civilized life. Bread started out simply enough, becoming ever more complicated as new ingredients were added, until, today, mainstream bread is a toxic cocktail of traditional and high-tech ingredients.
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Bread, the staff of life, is also a cornerstone of civilized life. Bread started out simply enough, becoming ever more complicated as new ingredients were added, until, today, mainstream bread is a toxic cocktail of traditional and high-tech ingredients. Just like the rest of our civilization.
It wasn't always so. Time was, bread was a simple product, consisting of not more than wheat, barley, or other wholesome grains, ground into flour, mixed with water, and baked over a fire.
In ancient Egypt there were professional bakers; loaves could be purchased from them rather than baked in every home. By the time of the Greeks and Romans, if not before, numerous natural additives were routinely employed--salt first, probably, or wine, oil, milk, and so on. Medieval bakers probably continued the traditions they inherited. Bread was still bread.
And so it went until the mid-twentieth century. Then, with the industrialization of food (and everything else), pure wholesome bread took a nosedive. Chemicals were identified to make bread quicker and easier to make, and therefor cheaper.
azodicarbonamide or ADA--conditions dough, bleaching agent, carcinogen and also used in manufacturing rubber products
potassium bromate--dough conditioner, lessens baking time, carcinogen and endocrine disruptor,
Calcium propionate--preservative, causes autism-like symptoms in laboratory animals
Ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and phosphates - provides food for yeasts, hastening rising, acidity regulator for dough, also used as a flame-retardant
High-fructose corn syrup--sweetener, implicated in obesity, diabetes and other metabolic disturbances
L-cysteine --softening agent, derived from feathers,cow horns and human hair. A supposedly harmless amino acid, but not approved for vegetarians. Soylent green, anyone?
Better not lean too hard on that "staff of life"!
Start growing your own wheat to make your own healthy and wholesome bread. We recommend White Sonora Wheat. To order go here: http://www.rareseeds.com/white-sonora-wheat/
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Is Spanish-Only Schooling Responsible for the Puerto Rican Language Gap?
Between 1898 and 1948, English was the language of instruction for most post-primary grades in Puerto Rican public schools. Since 1949, the language of instruction
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Is Spanish-Only Schooling Responsible for the Puerto Rican Language Gap?
Between 1898 and 1948, English was the language of instruction for most post-primary grades in Puerto Rican public schools. Since 1949, the language of instruction in all grades has been Spanish. We use this policy change to estimate the effect of English-intensive instruction on the English-language skills of Puerto Ricans. Although naive estimates suggest that English instruction increased English-speaking ability among Puerto Rican natives, estimates that allow for education-specific cohort trends show no effect. This result is surprising in light of the strong presumption by American policymakers at the time that instruction in English was the best way to raise English proficiency. This has implications for medium of instruction policy in former colonies as well as U.S. education policy toward immigrant children.
|Date of creation:||Feb 2006|
|Publication status:||published as Angrist, Joshua, Aimee Chin, and Ricardo Godoy. “Is Spanish-only Schooling Responsible for the Puerto Rican Language Gap?” Journal of Development Economics 85 (February 2008): 105-128.|
|Contact details of provider:|| Postal: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.|
Web page: http://www.nber.org
More information through EDIRC
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to, or, if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Angrist, Joshua D & Lavy, Victor, 1997. "The Effect of a Change in Language of Instruction on the Returns to Schooling in Morocco," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 15(1), pages 48-76, January.
- Kaivan Munshi & Mark Rosenzweig, 2006. "Traditional Institutions Meet the Modern World: Caste, Gender, and Schooling Choice in a Globalizing Economy," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 96(4), pages 1225-1252, September.
When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:12005. See general information about how to correct material i
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ASTROSAT Scanning Sky Monitor (SSM):
The Scanning Sky Monitor will consist of three position sensitive
proportional counters, each with a
one dimensional coded mask,
very similar in design to the
All Sky Monitor
The
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ASTROSAT Scanning Sky Monitor (SSM):
The Scanning Sky Monitor will consist of three position sensitive
proportional counters, each with a
one dimensional coded mask,
very similar in design to the
All Sky Monitor
The gas-filled proportional counter will have resistive
wires as anodes. The ratio of the output charge on either ends of
the wire will provide the position of the x-ray interaction,
providing an imaging plane at the detector. The coded mask,
consisting of a series of slits, will cast a shadow on the detector,
from which the sky brightness distribution will be derived.
The main characteristics of an SSM camera is summarized below:
||Proportional counters with resistive anodes;|
Ratio of signals on either ends of anode gives position.
||2 - 10 keV |
|Field of View
||10o x 90o (FWHM)|
||30 mCrab (5 min integration)|
|Best time resolution
||~ 10 arc min|
The monitors will have to continuously scan the sky irrespective
of the functions of the other instruments on the satellite.
A mounting arrangement is therefore necessary to enable these
detectors to scan as much of the sky as possible, independent of
the satellite pointing.
||All three counters will be mounted
on a rotating platform which will have stepped rotation at
discrete steps about one axis. One of the monitors
(the Boom camera: SSM3) will be aligned with the rotation axis
while the other two will be mounted with their field of view
forming an 'X' in the sky (see figure at left).|
Typical scan pointings will be ~10 degrees apart with ~10 min
integration at each location. This enables nearly half sky
coverage, about 4 times per day
(including nominal SAA exclusion orbits).
The sky coverage achieved by rotating the 3 SSM detectors is shown
in the figure on the right.
The region in blue marks that covered by SSM3 alone.
The green region is covered by both SSM1 and SSM2, and the
yellow region is covered by all three cameras.
The three bars show the individual
fields of view of the three cameras at a given snapshot.
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A mysterious resurgence of phosphorus in the Great Lakes is endangering the aquatic food chain and human health, says a binational agency that advises Canada and the U.S.
Fifteen years after the last programs to control phosphorus runoff ended,
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A mysterious resurgence of phosphorus in the Great Lakes is endangering the aquatic food chain and human health, says a binational agency that advises Canada and the U.S.
Fifteen years after the last programs to control phosphorus runoff ended, the International Joint Commission urged on Wednesday a renewed effort to get the oxygen-depleting chemical out of the water.
The call to action was one of 32 recommendations the commission made to both governments in its biennial report on the state of the Great Lakes at Detroit's Wayne State University.
The report specifically urges the two governments, which are currently renegotiating a binational water quality agreement, to include human health language in the agreement.
The report underlined a growing problem with phosphorous in the Great Lakes, especially in Lake Erie, which over the last few years has seen an increase in algal blooms caused by excessive nutrient runoff such as phosphorous.
Those blooms include blue-green algae — also known as cyanobacteria — which produce toxins that pose a health risk to people and animals when they are exposed to them in large quantities.
"We don't know where the phosphorous is coming from," Bill Bowerman, chair of the IJC's science advisory board and a wildlife ecologist at South Carolina's Clemson University, said during Wednesday's IJC news conference.
"Some of our monitoring programs that would allow us to understand this either are under threat or have disappeared over the past 15 years."
Report points to possible culprits
The report suggests key factors likely include inadequate municipal wastewater and residential septic systems, agricultural runoff, industrial livestock operations and the impacts of climate change, which causes more frequent and intense rainstorms.
University of Windsor aquatic ecologist Douglas Haffner says eutrophication — excessive aquatic plant growth — is a growing problem all over the world.
"It's becoming a major threat again," said Haffner, who is not a member of the IJC's science advisory board.
"The problem stems from [the fact] we are now almost at seven billion people and we need to feed them. So we are farming marginal lands and increasing crop production by adding more nutrients that eventually go to the lakes and rivers."
Calling Lake Erie the "poster child" for eutrophication, the commission's U.S. co-chair, Lana Pollack, said much of the lake is back to being coated with slimy green algal blooms in the summer, as it was in the 1960s and early '70s.
"They said, 'Well, we have this one fixed.' Well, we don't have this one fixed," she said.
The commission recommended all levels of government restore and protect wetlands and forest lands, which act as a filter for some pollutants, including phosphorous.
It also recommended various ways to reduce runoff of polluted water into the lakes. That includes creating buffer strips on farmland, rain gardens and green roofs in urban areas, along with reductions in urban sprawl and its resulting impervious surfaces.
Chemicals of 'emerging concern'
The biennial report, aimed at improving water quality in a lake system that contains 20 per cent of all fresh surface water on Earth, also highlighted problems with chemicals of "emerging concern." That includes veterinary and human pharmaceuticals, flame retardants and pthalates used to make plastic flexible.
Problems with invasive species, such as Asian carp, were also highlighted.
"With the Asian carp threatening to invade the Great Lakes, the report recommends using a revised Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement as a vehicle for the development and deployment of binational protocols for rapid response before invasive species enter the lakes," the commissioners wrote.
The spectre of Asian carp making its way into the Great Lakes has scientists warning that the invasive fish could vacuum up plankton, starving out native species such as trout and walleye. That would unravel the aquatic food web and threaten the region's $7 billion fishing industry.
Most of the concern has focused on Chicago-area waterways infested with two types of Asian carp — bighead and silver — that have slowly but surely migrated up the Mississippi River and its tributaries since escaping from Deep South fish farms.
The fast-growing and breeding fish were introduced to control the growth of algae in Arkansas aquaculture ponds, but flooding in the early 1990s allowed them to spread throughout the Mississippi watershed.
Scientists have singled out the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal — a man-made waterway built in 1900 to connect Lake Michigan and the Mississippi River Basin — as a potential conduit for the fish into the Great Lakes. Two underwater electric barriers built in 2002 and 2004 were meant to keep the fish out, while allowing commercial boat traffic to continue.
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Social behavior is a hot topic in neuroscience research because it is often affected in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Social dysfunction can have a severe impact on daily functioning, making these symptoms the target of behavioral therapies. Of course, rodents are often
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Social behavior is a hot topic in neuroscience research because it is often affected in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Social dysfunction can have a severe impact on daily functioning, making these symptoms the target of behavioral therapies. Of course, rodents are often used for these types of studies, but some paradigms have successfully been translated to zebrafish studies as well.
One example is the shoaling test that measures the average distance between fish in groups. Research varies from more fundamental studies on the effect of group sizes and differences in coloration, patterning, gender, and fish size to more applied studies that investigate the effects of pharmaceuticals and environmental factors.
When fish swim together in groups, this is called shoaling. The degree of shoaling is reflected in the distances between the fish in the group, and seems to be the most straightforward expression of social behavior in zebrafish.
The traditional method of this research includes taking screenshots every ten seconds of a trial, and then measuring the inter-fish distances by hand. This can be done faster and more reliably with automated video tracking. EthoVision XT can track multiple animals simultaneously, even without the use of markers. Inter-fish distances are automatically measured each sample point (each frame), giving you a highly accurate average inter-fish distance.
Parameters of interest
Typically used parameters include the average distance between fish, the distances between nearest and farthest neighbor, and the duration of proximity. of course these parameters are calculated by EthoVision XT. You can visualize your data alongside the video and track of your fish. Easy export options allow further analysis in advanced statistical packages.
Find out more
Other social behavior paradigms for zebrafish include the social preference test. Read about shoaling and social preference:
Some publications that might interest you:
- Engeszer, R.E.; Ryan, M.J.; Parichy, D.M. (2004). Learned social preference in zebrafish. Current Biology, 14, 881-884.
- Green, J.; Collins, C.; Davis, A.; Kyzar, E.; Pham, M; El-Ounsi, M.; Roth, A.; Gaikwad, S.; Lansdman, S.; Cachat, J.; Grieco, F.; Tegelenbosch, R.; Noldus, L.; Kalueff, A.V. (2012). Towards automated highthroughput neurophenotyping of zebrafish social (shoaling) behavior. Society for Neuroscience SfN-2012 Abstract book, New Orleans, USA.
- Grossman, L.; Utterback, E.; Stewart, A.; Gaikwad, S.; Chung, K.M.; Suciu, C.; Wong, K.; Elegante, M.; Elkhayat, S.; Tan, J.; Gilder, T.; Wu, N.; DiLeo, J.; Kalueff, A.V. (2010). Characterization of behavioral and endocrine effects of LSD on zebrafish. Behavioural Brain Research, 214, 277-284.
- Kalueff, A.V.; Schmidt, M.V. (2011) Novel experimental models and paradigms for neuropsychiatric disorders: editorial. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 35,1355-1356.
- Kyzar, E.J.; Collins, C.; Gaikwad, S.; Green, J.; Roth, A.; Monnig, L.; El-Ounsi, M.; Davis, A.; Freeman, A.; Capezio, N.; Steward, A.M.; Kalueff, A.V. (2012) Effects of hallucinogenic agents mescaline and phencyclidine on zebrafish behavior and physiology. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 37(1), 194-202.
- Miller, N.; Gerlai, R. (2007). Quantification of shoaling behaviour in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Behavioural Brain Research, 184, 157-166.
- Ruhl, N.; McRobert, S.P. (2005). The effect of sex and shoal size on shoaling behaviour in Danio rerio. Journal of Fish Biology, 67, 1318-1326.
- Saverino, C.; Gerlai, R. (2008). The social zebrafish: Behavioral responses to conspecific, heterospecific, and computer animated fish. Behavioural Brain Research, 191(1), 77-87.
- Savio, L.E.B.; Vuaden, F.C.; Piato, A.L.; Bonan, C.D.; Wyse, A.T.S. (2012)
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Shown below are six figures in which a student is holding a meter stick horizontally. In these figures, the length of the meter stick is denoted as L. All of the meter sticks are identical, but the objects hanging from the sticks vary in
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Shown below are six figures in which a student is holding a meter stick horizontally. In these figures, the length of the meter stick is denoted as L. All of the meter sticks are identical, but the objects hanging from the sticks vary in mass and position. The objects have masses of 500 g, 750 g or 1000 g as indicated in the figure below.
Some of the masses hang from the end of the stick (distance L from the hand) and some hang at the midpoint of the stick (distance L/2 from the hand).
In all cases, the student is keeping the meter stick from rotating downward by applying a torque at the end of the stick.
The meter stick may be "harder" or "easier" to hold in different cases, depending upon the torque exerted by the student.
Which of the following statements are true about the situations depicted in the figures above? (Give ALL correct answers)
A) The torque due to the masses in figure C is 1500L
B) The torques exerted by all of the masses are counterclockwise
C) Stick D is harder to hold than stick B because the hanging mass is larger
D) The sticks in figures C and D are both the hardest to hold
E) In figure C, the left mass exerts more torque than the right mass
Torque is defined as a measure of how much a force acting on an object caus
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The FDA are advising that a drug used to treat yeast infections of the vagina, mouth, throat, esophagus and other organs may cause birth defects.
Treatment with chronic, high doses (400-800mg/day) of Difluc
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The FDA are advising that a drug used to treat yeast infections of the vagina, mouth, throat, esophagus and other organs may cause birth defects.
Treatment with chronic, high doses (400-800mg/day) of Diflucan (fluconazole) during the first trimester of pregnancy may be associated with a rare and distinct set of birth defects in infants.
This risk does not appear to be associated with a single, low dose of Diflucan 150mg to treat vaginal yeast infection (candidiasis).
Diflucan is also used in patients who are likely to contract yeast infected because they are being treated with chemotherapy or radiation therapy before bone marrow transplant. Diflucan is also used to treat meningitis caused by a certain type of fungus.
Patients should notify their healthcare professionals if they are or become pregnant while taking fluconazole. If a patient uses fluconazole during pregnancy, the patient should be informed of the potential risk to the fetus.
Also see: Folic acid helps prevent birth defects
Protect Your Oral Health With a Regular Self-Exam Protect your oral health with a monthly self-exam.
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Gas freezing onto grains could form comets or larger worlds
A. Isella/Rice Univ., B. Saxton/NRAO/AUI and NSF, ALMA/NRAO, ESO, NAOJ
WASHINGTON — A pair
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Gas freezing onto grains could form comets or larger worlds
A. Isella/Rice Univ., B. Saxton/NRAO/AUI and NSF, ALMA/NRAO, ESO, NAOJ
WASHINGTON — A pair of stars is setting up an icy planetary construction zone, new data suggest. Carbon monoxide gas is freezing onto tiny dust grains orbiting the stellar duo. The frozen particles might eventually give rise to a population of comets or even a new planet.
A belt of gas and dust encircles the binary star HD 142527, about 450 light-years away in the constellation Lupus. Observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array in Chile reveal a region of the belt where there is very little carbon monoxide compared with dust. The gas is probably condensing onto dust grains and building a reservoir of ice-encrusted particles, astrophysicist Andrea Isella reported February 13 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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|Home > Medicine > Physiology|
The endocrine system is a complex collection of hormone-producing glands that control basic body functions such as metabolism, growth and sexual development. The endocrine glands consist of: pituitary; pineal; thyroid and
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|Home > Medicine > Physiology|
The endocrine system is a complex collection of hormone-producing glands that control basic body functions such as metabolism, growth and sexual development. The endocrine glands consist of: pituitary; pineal; thyroid and parathyroids; adrenals; pancreas; thymus; testes (male); and ovaries (female).
Hormones are the chemical signaling molecules produced by the endocrine glands and secreted directly into the bloodstream. They travel through the blood to distant tissues and organs, where they can bind to specific cell sites called receptors. By binding to receptors, hormones trigger various responses in the tissues containing the receptors.
The pituitary gland or hypophysis is a small gland about 1 centimeter in diameter or the size of a pea. It is nearly surrounded by bone as it rests in the sella turcica, a depression in the sphenoid bone. The gland is connected to the hypothalamus of the brain by a slender stalk called the infundibulum.
There are two distinct regions in the gland: the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis). The activity of the adenohypophysis is controlled by releasing hormones from the hypothalamus. The neurohypophysis is controlled by nerve stimulation.
Hormones of the Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis)
Growth hormone is a protein that stimulates the growth of bones, muscles, and other organs by promoting protein synthesis. This hormone drastically affects the appearance of an individual because it influences height. If there is too little growth hormone in a child, that person may become a pituitary dwarf of normal proportions but small stature. An excess of the hormone in a child results in an exaggerated bone growth, and the individual becomes exceptionally tall or a giant.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, or thyrotropin, causes the glandular cells of the thyroid to secrete thyroid hormone. When there is a hypersecretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone, the thyroid gland enlarges and secretes too much thyroid hormone.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) reacts with receptor sites in the cortex of the adrenal gland to stimulate the secretion of cortical hormones, particularly cortisol.
Gonadotropic hormones react with receptor sites in the gonads, or ovaries and testes, to regulate the development, growth, and function of these organs.
Prolactin hormone promotes the development of glandular tissue in the female breast during pregnancy and stimulates milk production after the birth of the infant.
Hormones of the Posterior Lobe (Neurohypophysis)
Antidiuretic hormone promotes the reabsorption of water by the kidney tubules, with the result that less water is lost as urine. This mechanism conserves water for the body. Insufficient amounts of antidiuretic hormone cause excessive water loss in the urine.
Oxytocin causes contraction of the smooth muscle in the wall of the uterus. It also stimulates the ejection of milk from the lactating breast.
The pineal gland, also called pineal body or epiphysis cerebri, is a small cone-shaped structure that extends posteriorly from the third ventricle of the brain. The pineal gland consists of portions of neurons, neuroglial cells, and specialized secretory cells called pinealocytes. The pinealocytes synthesize the hormone melatonin and secrete it directly into the cerebrospinal fluid, which takes it into the blood. Melatonin affects reproductive development and daily physiologic cycles.
The thyroid gland is a very vascular organ that is located in the neck. It consists of two lobes, one on each side of the trachea, just below the larynx or voice box. The two lobes are connected by a narrow band of tissue called the isthmus. Internally, the gland consists of follicles, which produce thyroxine and triiodothyronine hormones. These hormones contain iodine.
About 95 percent of the active thyroid hormone is thyroxine, and most of the remaining 5 percent is triiodothyronine. Both of these require iodine for their synthesis. Thyroid hormone secretion is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism that involves the amount of circulating hormone, hypothalamus, and adenohypophysis.
If there is an iodine deficiency, the thyroid cannot make sufficient hormone. This stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone, which causes the thyroid gland to increase in size in a vain attempt to produce more hormones. But it cannot produce more hormones because it does not have the necessary raw material, iodine. This type of thyroid enlargemen
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While the story of the monarch's decline and hopeful comeback
stretches well beyond the borders of Illinois, the Illinois
Department of Natural Resources plays a vital role in monarch
butterfly conservation in Illinois.
"Forty years ago,
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While the story of the monarch's decline and hopeful comeback
stretches well beyond the borders of Illinois, the Illinois
Department of Natural Resources plays a vital role in monarch
butterfly conservation in Illinois.
"Forty years ago, Illinois schoolchildren convinced the Illinois
General Assembly to adopt the monarch butterfly as Illinois' state
insect," said IDNR Director Marc Miller. "Help us honor that legacy
by working with us to conserve habitat for the monarch, and make our
state parks and backyards safe harbors for these amazing,
The fate of the monarch in Illinois is tied to the fate of the
milkweed, the host plants used by the monarch's familiar striped
caterpillars. In Illinois, there are 19 species of milkweeds that
mostly grow in prairies, though some can be found in woodlands,
untilled fields, roadsides and ditches.
Monarch butterflies lay their eggs on milkweed plants. In a few
days, the egg hatches into a larvae or caterpillar. The caterpillar
feeds for about two weeks until it is ready to form its chrysalis.
In 10 days to two weeks, the adult butterfly emerges. Monarch
butterflies are migratory, and it takes four generations to complete
the journey from the central United States to wintering grounds in
Mexico and back again.
Here's how you can help:
and native flowering plants in your landscaping. Don't mow or
spray herbicide on milkweed patches.
where possible. Milkweeds grow readily along roadsides, field
edges, fallow fields and other untended places. Cutting back on
mowing saves fuel and time, and it provides habitat for many
other species of grassland birds, mammals and insects.
have native plant sales during the spring. Additionally, the
IDNR annually offers a Schoolyard Habitat Grant. Visit the
grants page to see if your organization qualifies:
educated about monarch conservation. The IDNR offers a variety
of resources for schools and educators. Check
publications from the IDNR Office of Education and Outreach are
available in PDF format:
[to top of second column]
What we're doing:
As the largest landowner in Illinois, the IDNR is doing its part
to keep the environment healthy for all native species. Illinois
state parks, nature preserves, state forests and other properties
play a significant role in the survival of countless species of
insects, birds, plants, fish and animals — including the monarch
butterfly. Illinois has 324 state-owned and leased state parks, fish
and wildlife areas, state forests, state trails, natural areas, and
recreational sites; with 45 million visits annually.
The highest quality natural communities in Illinois have been
identified through the Illinois Natural Areas Inventory. These
28,000 acres occupy 0.077 percent of the Illinois landscape but
represent the best opportunity to preserve and protect a large
percentage of the terrestrial biodiversity of the state. Many of
these identified sites owned b
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Blame the meat-loving middle class.
Frederick Kaufman’s article "How Goldman Sachs Created the Food Crisis," ignores a number of important facts about the underlying economic, social, and political factors that have driven the rise in food prices.
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Blame the meat-loving middle class.
Frederick Kaufman’s article "How Goldman Sachs Created the Food Crisis," ignores a number of important facts about the underlying economic, social, and political factors that have driven the rise in food prices.
The assertion that Goldman Sachs introduced speculation into commodity markets is incorrect. The Commodity Research Bureau (CRB) Index has been investible since the early 1970s, and futures on the CRB Index have been traded since 1986, five years before the creation of the Goldman Sachs Commodities Index (GSCI). Gary Cohn, the president of Goldman Sachs, was not involved in the creation of the index, contrary to the article’s assertion. The GSCI was purchased by Standard and Poor’s in 2007 and retains a connection to Goldman Sachs in name only.
More importantly, the article does not present any credible evidence that commodity index investing is responsible for the rise in food prices. Serious inquires, such as one conducted by the OECD in the wake of the 2008 price spike, have concluded that "index funds did not cause a bubble in commodity futures prices." Rather than destabilizing futures markets, commodity index funds provide them with a stable pool of capital, improving farmers’ ability to insure themselves against the risks inherent
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Constructed Wetlands Water Treatment for Sea Lion Exhibit
The mission of Riverbanks Zoo, located near the confluence of the Saluda and Broad Rivers, is “to foster appreciation and concern for all living things” The Zoo’s new, state-of
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Constructed Wetlands Water Treatment for Sea Lion Exhibit
The mission of Riverbanks Zoo, located near the confluence of the Saluda and Broad Rivers, is “to foster appreciation and concern for all living things” The Zoo’s new, state-of-the-art Sea Lion Landing exhibit demonstrates that mission—not only with its dynamic design and multiple underwater vantage points, but also with the way its wastewater is handled.
Working with Riverbanks Zoo, CLR Design, and internationally renowned zoo life-support system designer, Ted Maranda, Biohabitats developed an integrated strategy to naturally treat and recover filter backwash from the exhibit’s 300,000 gallons of water. The system includes an underground equalization tank followed by constructed wetlands, which are embedded in the zoo’s landscape. After the majority of solids settle out by gravity in the tank, water is pumped through the wetlands, which passively filter nitrogen, phosphorus, and other pollutants before water is returned to the exhibit. The system prevents saline wastewater from being discharged to the municipal sewer, and is projected to save the Zoo approximately 52,000 gallons of water per year. It also greatly reduces the cost of creating the salt water for the exhibit.
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On May 20 of 2010, Pablo Picasso’s painting, Le Pigeon aux Petits Pois (The Pigeon with the Peas)—along with a handful of other paintings—was stolen from the Paris Museum of Modern
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On May 20 of 2010, Pablo Picasso’s painting, Le Pigeon aux Petits Pois (The Pigeon with the Peas)—along with a handful of other paintings—was stolen from the Paris Museum of Modern art. The work of art, now destroyed, no longer exists. For visual art and even literature, there is usually a “real” master copy that came directly from the artist. An inch by inch replication of a work of art can only be a copy, even if it is indistinguishable from the original. The original is sacred; anything like it is a cheap imitation that can never substitute the real thing. At least this is the thinking behind traditional understandings of artistic production.
A part of art has always been the experience of witnessing a piece for the first, brief time. Making a pilgrimage to the Louvre to see the Mona Lisa or the final stop on a band’s reunion tour is a part of the almost religious experience of art. The location, the crowds of people, the journey to see the piece are a part of the artistic ritual, and for Picasso’s Pigeeon, it’s an experience that can never be had again. With the painting destroyed, the ritual can never be carried out again.
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Information provided on this page is for classroom use only; not for publication.
The Rainbow Fish is a book written by Marcus Pfister. Its about a fish that is more beautiful than all the other fish because it has shimmering scales. When asked
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Information provided on this page is for classroom use only; not for publication.
The Rainbow Fish is a book written by Marcus Pfister. Its about a fish that is more beautiful than all the other fish because it has shimmering scales. When asked if he would share his beautiful scales, Rainbow Fish replied that he would not. In the end, he decided that having friends was better than bei
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On December 4, 1901 there was as a horrendous incident during a seminar on criminology at the University of Berlin. As Professor Franz von Liszt gave his lecture, one of the students interrupted to give an alternative viewpoint to
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On December 4, 1901 there was as a horrendous incident during a seminar on criminology at the University of Berlin. As Professor Franz von Liszt gave his lecture, one of the students interrupted to give an alternative viewpoint to the professor’s “from Christian morality.” A second student jumped up and disagreed profoundly. He said that he was fed up of with these Christian morality arguments. The first student was incensed. He pushed the desk over and strode over to his opponent, pulling a gun from under his coat. There was fight, the two students wrestling for control until the gun went off. The second student fell to the floor, apparently dead.
Not surprisingly, the rest of the class was in shock. Von Liszt picked up the gun and asked for attention. He apologized, telling them that he had staged the event in order to perform an experiment. He now wanted everyone present to write down exactly what they had seen. Still shaken, they all obediently wrote out witness statements. And here’s where it gets interesting. The versions that the students gave differed wildly. This was no distant memory and featured no ordinary everyday event. They were giving their recollection of something amazing that had been seared on their memories just minutes before.
When the different reports were compared there were, for example, eight different names given for the person who started the fight. Across the observers there were wildly differing accounts for the duration of the event, the order in which things happening and how the whole scene finished with von Liszt’s explanation. Some were convinced that the gunman had run from the lecture room – which h
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2010 November 23 Tuesday
130,000 Damaged Brains From Iraq And Afghanistan
A research report on improved military helmet design mentions 130,000 cases of brain damage to US soldiers who have fought in Iraq and Afghanistan. That's
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2010 November 23 Tuesday
130,000 Damaged Brains From Iraq And Afghanistan
A research report on improved military helmet design mentions 130,000 cases of brain damage to US soldiers who have fought in Iraq and Afghanistan. That's a huge war cost that will last for many decades.
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. — More than half of all combat-related injuries sustained by U.S. troops are the result of explosions, and many of those involve injuries to the head. According to the U.S. Department of Defense, about 130,000 U.S. service members deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan have sustained traumatic brain injuries — ranging from concussion to long-term brain damage and death — as a result of an explosion. A recent analysis by a team of researchers led by MIT reveals one possible way to prevent those injuries — adding a face shield to the helmet worn by military personnel.
In a paper to be published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Raul Radovitzky, an associate professor in MIT's Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and his colleagues report that adding a face shield to the standard-issue helmet worn by the vast majority of U.S. ground troops could significantly reduce traumatic brain injury, or TBI. The extra protection offered by such a shield is critical, the researchers say, because the face is the main pathway through which pressure waves from an explosion are transmitted to the brain.
One possible problem is that a face shield will interfere with the use of a rifle. Anyone who has ever fired an M-16 while in a gas mask will appreciate the fact that it is impossible to use the sights of the rifle with something in front of the face. If one is added, then it should be made easily retractable. When an IED explodes in the midst of a convey it is common for troops to encounter enemy fire immediately thereafter.
George W. Bush had brain damage before he launched the Iraq attack.
Indeed 130,000 brain damaged is a huge war cost. All the IUDs (improvised explosive devices) in Afghanistan and in Iraq are causing terrible shock waves that go through even the armored personnel carriers.
A guerrilla war cannot be won with politically correct methods: even the Soviets were too politically correct to win the war in Afghanistan because the world was watching them and they had to show moderation in t
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Equilibrium is a concept that permeates all of science. Thermal equilibrium is a simple example found in physics. Biologists, such as my roommate, Sapphire, think of homeostasis. Yet I, even before reaching college, when hearing the
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Equilibrium is a concept that permeates all of science. Thermal equilibrium is a simple example found in physics. Biologists, such as my roommate, Sapphire, think of homeostasis. Yet I, even before reaching college, when hearing the term, always thought of chemical equilibrium, a concept that can be both extremely simple and absurdly complicated.
Chemical equilibrium is an interesting phenomenon that describes the state of a reaction involving solutions or gases at its “end.” (Pure solids and liquids don’t apply here because reactions between these simply proceed until one reactant is completely used up. This reactant, by the way, is called the limiting reactant.) Equilibrium is the reason that, when reactions involve gas-phase or aqueous reactants, reactions don’t proceed to completely convert reactants to products.
The reason behind this has to do with concentrations and rates of reaction. With aqueous or gaseous reactants, as a reaction takes place, the concentrations of the reactants decrease (at a rate proportional to the rate of the reaction). As concentrations lower, the rate at which the “forward” (or reactants-to-products) reaction takes place decreases. Meanwhile, as concentrations of products increase, the rate at which the “reverse” (or products-to-reactants) reaction takes place increases. Eventually these two reactions will reach at a point where they are both proceeding at the same rate, and thus will balance each other out exactly. At this point, concentrations of reactants and products stop changing, and the reaction appears to have stopped. This is where
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Astronomy IV By Govind
Ahargana is defined as the no of days elapsed
after the start of the Iron Age, the Kali Yuga, which began on 3102 BC.
Kali Era = English Era +
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Astronomy IV By Govind
Ahargana is defined as the no of days elapsed
after the start of the Iron Age, the Kali Yuga, which began on 3102 BC.
Kali Era = English Era +3102
The no of days elapsed from Kali Start was
1822903 on 13/04/1
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M5's new memory system (introduced in the first 2.0 beta release) was designed with the following goals:
- Unify timing and functional accesses in timing mode. With the old memory system the timing accesses did not have data
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M5's new memory system (introduced in the first 2.0 beta release) was designed with the following goals:
- Unify timing and functional accesses in timing mode. With the old memory system the timing accesses did not have data and just accounted for the time it would take to do an operation. Then a separate functional access actually made the operation visible to the system. This method was confusing, it allowed simulated components to accidentally cheat, and prevented the memory system from returning timing-dependent values, which isn't reasonable for an execute-in-execute CPU model.
- Simplify the memory system code -- remove the huge amount of templating and duplicate code.
- Make changes easier, specifically to allow other memory interconnects besides a shared bus.
For details on the new coherence protocol, introduced (along with a substantial cache model rewrite) in 2.0b4, see Coherence Protocol.
All objects that connect to the memory system inherit from
MemObject. This class adds the pure virtual functions
getMasterPort(const std::string &name, PortID idx) and
getSlavePort(const std::string &name, PortID idx) which returns a port corresponding to the given name and index. This interface is used to structurally connect the MemObjects together.
The next large part of the memory system is the idea of ports. Ports are used to interface memory objects to each other. They will always come in pairs, with a MasterPort and a SlavePort, and we refer to the other port object as the peer. These are used to make the design more modular. With ports a specific interface between every type of object doesn't have to be created. Every memory object has to have at least one port to be useful. A master module, such as a CPU, has one or more MasterPort instances. A slave module, such as a memory controller, has one or more SlavePorts. An interconnect component, such as a cache, bridge or bus, has both MasterPort and SlavePort instances.
There are two groups of functions in the port object. The
send* functions are called on the port by the object that owns that port. For example to send a packet in the memory system a CPU would call
myPort->sendTimingReq(pkt) to send a packet. Each send function has a corresponding recv function that is called on the ports peer. So the implementation of the
sendTimingReq() call above would simply be
peer->recvTimingReq(pkt) on the slave port. Using this method we only have one virtual function call penalty but keep generic ports that can connect together any memory system objects.
Master ports can send requests and receive responses, whereas slave ports receive requests and send responses. Due to the coherence protocol, a slave port can also send snoop requests and receive snoop responses, with the master port having the mirrored interface.
In Python, Ports are first-class attributes of simulation objects, much like Params. Two objects can specify that their ports should be connected using the assignment operator. Unlike a normal variable or parameter assignment, port connections are symmetric:
A.port1 = B.port2 has the same meaning as
B.port2 = A.port1. The notion of master and slave ports exists in the Python objects as well, and a check is done when the ports are connected together.
Objects such as busses that have a potentially unlimited number of ports use "vector ports". An assignment to a vector port appends the peer to a list of connections rather than overwriting a previous connection.
In C++, memory ports are connected together by the python code after all objects are instantiated.
A request object encapsulates the original request issued by a CPU or I/O device. The parameters of this request are persistent throughout the transaction, so a request object's fields are intended to be written at most once for a given request. There are a handful of constructors and update methods that allow subsets of the object's fields to be written at different times (or not at all). Read access to all request fields is provided via accessor methods which verify that the data in the field being read is valid.
The fields in the request object are typically not available to devices in a real system, so they should normally be used only for statistics or debugging and not as architectural values.
Request object fields include:
- Virtual address. This field may be invalid if the request was issued directly on a physical address (e.g., by a DMA I/O device).
- Physical address.
- Data size.
- Time the request was created.
- The ID of the CPU/thread that caused this request. May be invalid if the request was not issued by a CPU (e.g., a device access or a cache writeback).
- The PC that caused this request. Also may be invalid if the request was not issued by a CPU.
A Packet is used to encapsulate a transfer between two objects in the memory system (e.g., the L1 and L2 cache). This is in contrast to a Request where a sin
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Produced by the pituitary gland, this hormone stimulates the adrenal gland. Abnormal levels of ACTH can sometimes be associated with infertility.
When bands of scar tissue form in reproductive organs and/or abdominal area that can impact fertility; endomet
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Produced by the pituitary gland, this hormone stimulates the adrenal gland. Abnormal levels of ACTH can sometimes be associated with infertility.
When bands of scar tissue form in reproductive organs and/or abdominal area that can impact fertility; endometriosis can often cause these bands.
When male hormones (which are produced by the adrenal gland) are elevated in women with PCOS, which cause fertility problems.
When sperm cells clump together instead of moving freely.
Having never menstruated by the age of 16.
The absence of menstruation for three months or more in women who have menstruated in the past.
American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM)
A group of fertility and reproductive specialists that teach, do research on and advocate for reproductive medicine.
Examining a fetus for abnormalities by using a needle to extract amniotic fluid from the womb.
A doctor who specializes in male health, specifically reproductive health and fertility.
Rare or lack of ovulation which can occur with or without menstruation.
Substances produced by the body that attack foreign matter to prevent infection but which may also cause infertility in some cases.
Antisperm An
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The "crossing" was a term used by the non-corporeal lifeforms known as "Wisps," referring to the physical act of evicting the consciousness from a physical entity's body, and subsequently taking control of that entity.
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The "crossing" was a term used by the non-corporeal lifeforms known as "Wisps," referring to the physical act of evicting the consciousness from a physical entity's body, and subsequently taking control of that entity.
In 2152, the crew of the Starfleet vessel Enterprise NX-01 encountered the Wisps, one of which performed the crossing with Commander Charles Tucker III. While existing in a non-corporeal state, Tucker reported a series of experiences, including swimming in Tarpon Springs with his old girlfriend Lisa, riding with Hopalong Cassidy, and snow-sailing in New Zealand. According to Tucker, the Wisps were attempting to initiate a cultural exchange, wherein they could experience life as did their ancestors, and the Human crew of Enterprise could learn what it was like to exist as non-corporeal lifeforms.
It was soon discovered, however, that the Wisps' true intentions were to permanently take over the bodies of the Enterprise crew, and subsequently move on to another vessel of corporeal lifeforms to perform the same function. With
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The epidemic of obesity is now recognized as one of the most important public health problems facing the world today. Tragically, adult obesity is more common globally than under-nutrition. There are around 475 million obese adults with over twice that
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The epidemic of obesity is now recognized as one of the most important public health problems facing the world today. Tragically, adult obesity is more common globally than under-nutrition. There are around 475 million obese adults with over twice that number overweight - that means around 1.5 billion adults are too fat. Over 200 million school-age children are overweight, making this generation the first predicted to have a shorter lifespan than their parents. Obesity is a medical condition described as excess body weight in the form of fat. When accumulated, this fat can lead to severe health impairments.
Obesity is an important cause of morbidity, disability and premature death (WHO, 2004). Obesity increases the risk for a wide range of chronic diseases; BMI is thought to account for about 60% of the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, over 20% of that for hypertension and coronary-heart disease, and between 10 and 30% for various cancers. Other co-morbidities include gallbladder disease, fatty liver, sleep apnoea and osteoarthritis.
The disability attributable to obesity and its consequences in 2004 was calculated at over 36 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), due primarily to ischaemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes (WHO Global Health Risks Report, 2004).
Obesity shortens life expectancy. In 2004, increased BMI alone was estimated to account for 2.8 million deaths, while the combined total with physical inactivity was 6.0 million (WHO Global Health Risks Report, 2004) – surpassing the excess mortality associated with tobacco, and approaching that of high blood pressure, the top risk factor for death.
Obesity is caused by an energy imbalance; when intake of calories exceeds expenditure of calories, the surplus energy is stored as body weight. There are a multitude of ‘obesogenic’ factors contributing to the increased energy consumption and decreased energy expenditure that are responsible for obesity, including:
Childhood obesity is already common, especially in westernized countries. In 2004, according to IOTF criteria, it was estimated that ~10% of children worldwide aged 5–17 years were overweight and that 2–3% were obese (Lobstein et al., 2004). Prevalence rates vary considerably between different regions and countries, from <5% in Africa and parts of Asia to >20% in Europe and >30% in the Americas and some countries in the Middle East. Becoming obese earlier in life clearly amplifies certain health risks, particularly for type 2 diabetes.
The most widely-used method of measuring and identifying obesity is Body Mass Index (BMI).
BMI = weight in kg/height in m2 Overweight, or pre-obesity, is defined as a BMI of 25–29.9 kg/m2, while a BMI >30 kg/m2 defines obesity. These BMI thresholds were proposed by WHO expert reports and reflect the increasing health risk of excess weight as BMI increases above an optimal range of 21–23 kg/m2, the recommended median goal for adult Caucasian populations (WHO/NUT/NCD, 2000)
Current research suggests that one in three Americans is obese. In this country alone, about 300,000 deaths per year can be linked to obesity. Obesity is associated with serious health conditions, including high blood pressure, heart disease, sleep apnea (serious sleep disorder), heartburn or reflux, cerebral artery disease (stroke), diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes), asthma, osteoarthritis, infertility, or cancer of the breast, colon, prostate or uterus. Usually within the first six months after a Bariatric/Metabolic surgery procedure, patients will no longer need to take medications for these conditions.
Most patients recover from a Bariatric/Metabolic surgery procedure without complications. Patients are encouraged to get out of bed and start walking by the next day. The hospital stay for patients who undergo the Roux-en-Y procedure is usually two to four days. Patients who have the LAP-BAND® procedure may stay one to two days. Most individuals return to work in two to three weeks following their Bariatric/Metabolic surgery procedure.
All surgical procedures carry risks, even more so when a patient is obese. Different procedures involve different risks, and depending upon your individual circumstances, your risks may be higher or lower than average. Keep in mind that the more experience a surgeon has performing Bariatric/Metabolic surgery, the lower the complication and mortality rates will be. Your surgeon will discuss potential risks of surgery with you so you can make an educated and informed decision.
Uncommon Bariatric/Metabolic surgery risks include rare complications of leakage through staples or sutures, ulcers in the stomach or small intestine, blood clots in the lungs or legs, stretching of the pouch or esophagus, persistent vomiting and abdominal pain, inflammation of the gallbladder and failure to lose weight (very rare)
More than one third of obese patients who have weight loss surgery develop gallstones. Gallstones are clumps of cholesterol and other matter that form in the gallbladder. During rapid weight loss, the risk of developing gallstones increases. Gallstone formation can be lessened with medication taken for the first six months after surgery.
Approximately 30% of patients could develop nutritional deficiencies such as anemia, osteoporosis and metabolic bone disease. These deficiencies are avoided by taking vitamin and mineral supplements as prescribed, life-long.
Women of childbearing age should avoid pregnancy for 18 months to two years until the weight stabilizes, since rapid weight loss and nutritional deficiencies can harm a developing fetus.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as ibuporfen and many arthritis drugs that contain aspirin should not be taken after Bariatric/Metabolic su
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Biosphere is all about the life. It is the global sum of all ecosystem. The biosphere is the place where all of the other sphere of the planet work together. It is extends to the upper areas of the atmosphere where birds and
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Biosphere is all about the life. It is the global sum of all ecosystem. The biosphere is the place where all of the other sphere of the planet work together. It is extends to the upper areas of the atmosphere where birds and insects can be found.
We have assignment, project, homework and online help with Biosphere concept at assignmenthelp.net. We present all type of solution for problems related to the Biosphere.
Biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems. It can also be termed the zone pf life on earth. In the biosphere the ecological system are combination of the living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with elements of the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.
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Summertime means family vacations and trips to the beach. If you’ve collected a bunch of seashells but just aren’t sure how to display them, grab some craft sticks from your stash and make a beach plaque. Hopefully you brought a
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Summertime means family vacations and trips to the beach. If you’ve collected a bunch of seashells but just aren’t sure how to display them, grab some craft sticks from your stash and make a beach plaque. Hopefully you brought a little sand back with you too!
This is a fun projects for kids and adults to do together. It’s easy to make and the variations are many. A fun decoration for the bathroom or entryway.
First paint the craft sticks then glue them all together. I made mine uneven and jagged.
Use white craft glue to write the word “beach” and gently press the pebbles into the glue.
Apply and spread some glue with a paintbrush to the bottom of the plaque where you want the sand to be. Cover the glued area with sand and let sit for a few minutes before shaking off the excess.
Glue seashells and a starfish to the bottom along the sand.
Here’s a close up, I included some teeth as well. You can purchase seashells, teeth and starfish at the craft store if you didn’t get lucky at the beach this year!
Did you hit the beach this summer?
- 10 jumbo craft sticks
- Small pebbles
- Assorted shells, fish teeth and a starfish
- White craft glue
- Twine or str
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Yesterday BeLonG To launched All Together Now, Ireland’s first ever anti-LGBT bullying resource for primary schools. This project was created in response to LGBT young people telling us about their difficult experiences in primary school.
The lesson plans and full All
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Yesterday BeLonG To launched All Together Now, Ireland’s first ever anti-LGBT bullying resource for primary schools. This project was created in response to LGBT young people telling us about their difficult experiences in primary school.
The lesson plans and full All Together Now! research report, developed by
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In ancient times, many civilizations incorporated pyramids into their architecture, art, sciences and religious practices. Among them were the Mayan Indians and other residents of Latin American countries. So with September 15th marking the start of National Hispanic Heritage Month
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In ancient times, many civilizations incorporated pyramids into their architecture, art, sciences and religious practices. Among them were the Mayan Indians and other residents of Latin American countries. So with September 15th marking the start of National Hispanic Heritage Month, we wanted to talk about inverted pyramid pedestals and how they may enhance Latin American design schemes.
At Pedestal Source, we have inverted pyramid pedestals that sit on top of black laminate bases and feature veneer surfaces that come in assorted colors and finishes. Some of the inverted pyramids are constructed with fully illuminated, wide bases or sport single spotlights. Others are not designed to light up.
Because the Mayans were known to build pyramids to sun and moon deities, the lighted pedestals could be used to highlight artwork featuring their images or related symbols. For example, the Moon Goddess is often pictured with other deities like the Jaguar God and the Maize God. Sometimes she is pictured with white rabbits and images of the moon too. So the pedestals could be topped with statues of rabbits and jaguars or glowing orbs that resemble the moon.
The civilization’s Sun God, also known as Kinich Ahau, took many artistic forms as well. The list includes, but doesn’t end with images of water birds, parrots, canoes and water plants. They were often incorporated into masks that featured a representation of the deity’s face. Therefore, the inverted pyramid pedestals could be utilized to display tribal masks, pottery filled with rainforest plants and sculptures of mythical birds.
Of course the inverted pyramid pedestals could be used to highlight more than just the Mayan Moon Goddess and the Sun God. They could draw attention to Mesoamerican-style textiles, photographs of actual pyramids and anything else that is meant to be spotlighted. To learn more about our inverted pedestals and how well they blend into Latin American design themes, please contact us today.
Museum professionals are well aware of the brazen acts of art thieves. Their impudent crimes make headlines weekly and despite the best efforts of art detectives, some of these crimes are never resolved. Small paintings and valuable easy-to-grab objects such as historic jewelry, ceramics and ancient collectibles are the items of preference for these heist masterminds.
A simple and affordable investment to prevent your art institution from becoming a heist victim can be found in clear acrylic dust covers for art pedestals. These precision-made transparent covers can safeguard precious art objects from environmental concerns such as dust, UV rays and humidity; while also creating a protective capsule that becomes the first line of defense versus would-be thieves or just clumsy museum goers.
Clear acrylic covers can be added to your pedestals or review our selection of in-house constructed pedestals that accommodate the dust covers with a crisp step-up system. The pedestals and cover combos can come with locks or security screws that prevent the acrylic top from being removed or tampered with. Art thieves have been known to go the extra mile by replacing valuable tokens with replicas and facsimiles to attain the sought after masterpieces. Locking systems give custodians of artifacts the key to maintaining an undisturbed display.
Turntables, spot light or ambient light systems can be included to the dust cover pedestals. These display solutions not only guard against robbers but will elevate the art objects by giving them an impressive home. Whether you are a museum curator concerned with invaluable works of art and objects of historical importance, or an art collector in need of protection solutions, consider the peace of mind that these custom pedestals with clear acrylic dust covers can provide for you. Contact us to learn about our American made display products and their security features.
Mother’s Day is coming up on Sunday, May 12. That means you only have 4 more days to decide how you are going to celebrate the wonderful mothers in your life. Mother’s Day, specifically in the United States, has been celebrated since 1914 when President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed it to be a national holiday that was to be held every year on the second Sunday in May. Of course, we Americans were not the first to celebrate our mothers, so let’s take a look at how this tradition began.
Ancient Greeks honored their mother of the gods on a special day, Romans honored their version of the mother of the gods, Christians honored the mother Mary, and the English gave servants a special holiday in order to visit their mothers. According to familytime.com, “Julia Ward Howe is credited with first suggesting a day to honor American mothers and to celebrate peace in 1872… Howe organized annual Mother’s Day meetings in Boston.” It took years to formalize the day, but “in 1913, the House of Representatives adopted a resolution calling for federal government officials to wear white carnations in honor of mothers on the second Sunday in May.”
Mother’s Day is now the day that mothers receive cards, homemade goodies, treats, clean houses, breakfasts in bed, gifts, and many other pampered luxuries. The
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In Church Law (Canon Law), “vicars” are the representatives of the diocesan bishop and may have different titles based on what role they are performing. The diocesan bishop governs the diocese with legislative, executive and judicial
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In Church Law (Canon Law), “vicars” are the representatives of the diocesan bishop and may have different titles based on what role they are performing. The diocesan bishop governs the diocese with legislative, executive and judicial powers. The bishop personally exercises legislative power; he exercises executive power either personally or through Vicar General or Pro-Vicar General; he exercises judicial power either personally or through a Vicar Judicial and judges. Vicar Judicial must be a priest and an expert in Canon Law, holding doctorate or at least licentiate. He exercises judicial power of the diocesan bishop by virtue of his office, with ordinary power in the whole diocese, to admit and judge cases in the diocesan ecclesiastical court. The Judicial Vicar heads the tribunal of the diocese, which is charged with the administration of justice. Although most cases brought before the tribunal involve challenges to the canonical validity of marriage, the court also acts as the competent forum for other issues, including penal matters. The Vicar Judicial and the diocesan bishop are a single tribunal, which means that decisions of the judicial vicar cannot be appealed to the diocesan bishop but must instead be appealed to the appellate tribunal. The diocesan bishop is to have a diocesan curia which assists him in the governance of the diocese committed to him. To the curia belong the Vicar General, Pro-Vicar General, Vicar Judicial, finance officer and council for economic affairs, chancellor, judges, promoter of justice and defender of the bond, notaries and other persons as signed by the bishop for properly fulfilling the offices of the curia. If it is necessary or useful for the diocese, the bishop can establish other offices in the curia.
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A leading spokesperson on the dangers of genetically modified foods, Jeffrey Smith, offered an update on GMO foods, and their connection to health problems and disorders. He reported that we're currently in 'Non-GMO Month,' an outreach campaign to raise awareness
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A leading spokesperson on the dangers of genetically modified foods, Jeffrey Smith, offered an update on GMO foods, and their connection to health problems and disorders. He reported that we're currently in 'Non-GMO Month,' an outreach campaign to raise awareness about GMO issues, and encourage shoppers to make non-GMO food choices. Smith is one of the organizers of the GMO Summit, a free informational broadcast, featuring a panel of experts, researchers and activists taking place October 25-27, 2013. He noted that while Proposition 37, which would have required labeling of
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Does natural selection only operate at the level of the individual? Or, are there emergent scales of organization at which differential survival and reproduction can affect the evolutionary process?
These are the questions that frame my projects on ecological exclusion. I credit my Ph
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Does natural selection only operate at the level of the individual? Or, are there emergent scales of organization at which differential survival and reproduction can affect the evolutionary process?
These are the questions that frame my projects on ecological exclusion. I credit my Ph.D. advisor, Lev Ginzburg, with both introducing this idea to me and coining the term. Ecological exclusion is the process by which groups, species, or whole communities go extinct not just as a result of the aggregated failure of all individuals but due to emergent instabilities in the system of interacting individuals.
So what does this mean, and how might ecological exclusion work? The most simple way to imagine ecological exclusion is with a single obligate predator-prey system. In this system, there is continual selection for better predators, as predators who catch more prey survive and reproduce at a rate higher than their competitors.
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Ancient temples and sprawling city complexes belonging to the Khmer Empire have been discovered beneath Cambodia's jungle near Angkor Wat. Archaeologists used laser technology to peer beneath the dense vegetation to find temple complexes, intricate waterways, dams and engineered landscapes
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Ancient temples and sprawling city complexes belonging to the Khmer Empire have been discovered beneath Cambodia's jungle near Angkor Wat. Archaeologists used laser technology to peer beneath the dense vegetation to find temple complexes, intricate waterways, dams and engineered landscapes.
The findings, which shed light on the extent of the Khmer Empire 1,000 years ago, will be presented at a conference at the Royal Geographical Society in London and detailed in a study published in the Journal of Archaeological Science.
The Khmer Empire was established in Cambodia around 800 AD. It peaked between the 11th and 13th centuries, at which time it was the largest pre-industrial urban centre in the world.
The most famous monument to the empire is Angkor Wat, a huge temple constructed King Suryavarman II at the height of the empire's power.
However, archaeologists have long suspected there was far more to Angkor and its surroundings, and have been working to uncover its secrets for decades.
"We always imagined that their great cities surrounded the monuments in antiquity," Damian Evans, principal investigator of the Cambodian Archaeological Lidar Initiative told AFP.
"But now we can see them with incredible precision and detail, in some places for the very first time, but in most places where we already had a vague idea that cities must be there."
The research was the result of a joint project between the Cambodian Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts and APSARA, the Cambodian government's archaeological site management authority.
In 2012, the first survey using the lidar laser technology revealed a vast urban landscape in the sacred Kulen hills northeast of Angkor. It also showed medieval settlements that had extensive water management systems on a scale comparable to those found at Angkor.
In light of these findings, another far more extensive campaign was carried out last year. The latest scans showed even more temple complexes and cities, including those surrounding Banteay Chhmar, one of the most important but least understood sites from this period. They also found iron mining and smelting sites, with furnaces and mines that appear to have been turned into ponds.
The lidar scanning technology involves a special laser that can scan buildings, rock formations and other surface characteristics to create a 3D model. In the latest survey, the laser was mounted
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Diarrhea is the passage of loose or watery stools. For some children, diarrhea is mild and will go away within a few days. For others, it may last longer. It can make your child lose too much fluid (dehydr
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Diarrhea is the passage of loose or watery stools. For some children, diarrhea is mild and will go away within a few days. For others, it may last longer. It can make your child lose too much fluid (dehydrated) and feel weak.
The stomach flu is a common cause of diarrhea. Medical treatments, such as antibiotics and some cancer treatments can also cause diarrhea.
This article speaks to diarrhea in children over 1 year of age.
It is easy for a child with diarrhea to lose too much fluid and become dehydrated. Lost fluids need to be replaced. For most children, drinking the kinds of fluids they normally have should be enough.
Some water is OK. But too much water alone, at any age, can be harmful.
Other products, such as Pedialyte and Infalyte, may help keep a child well-hydrated. These products can be bought at the supermarket or pharmacy.
Popsicles and Jell-O can be good sources of fluids, especially if your child is vomiting. You can slowly get large amounts of fluids into children with these products.
You may also give your child watered-down fruit juice or broth.
DO NOT use medicines to slow down your child's diarrhea without talking to a doctor first. Ask your child's health care provider if using sports drinks is OK.
Diet for Children With Diarrhea
In many cases, you can continue feeding your child as usual. The diarrhea will normally go away in time, without any changes or treatment. But while children have diarrhea, they should:
- Eat small meals throughout the day instead of 3 big meals.
- Eat some salty foods, such as pretzels and soup.
When necessary, changes in the diet may help. No specific diet is recommended. But children often do better with bland foods. Give your child foods such as:
- Baked or broiled beef, pork, chicken, fish, or turkey
- Cooked eggs
- Bananas and other fresh fruits
- Bread products made from refined, white flour
- Pasta or white rice
- Cereals such as cream of wheat, farina, oatmeal, and cornflakes
- Pancakes and waffles made with white flour
- Cornbread, prepared or served with very little honey or syrup
- Cooked vegetables, such as carrots, green beans, mushrooms, beets, asparagus tips, acorn squash, and peeled zucchini
- Some desserts and snacks, such as Jell-O, popsicles, cakes, cookies, or sherbet
- Baked potatoes
In general, removing seeds and skins from these foods is best.
Use low-fat milk, cheese, or yogurt. If dairy products are making the diarrhea worse or causing gas and bloating, your child may need to stop eating or drinking dairy products for a few days.
Children should be allowed to take their time returning to their normal eating habits. For some children, a return to their regular diet can also bring a return of diarrhea. This is often due to mild problems the gut has while absorbing regular foods.
Things Your Child Should Avoid Eating or Drinking
Children should avoid certain kinds of foods when they have diarrhea, including fried foods, greasy foods, processed or fast foods, pastries, donuts, and sausage.
Avoid giving children apple juice and full-strength fruit juices, as they can loosen stool.
Have your child limit or cut out milk and other dairy products if they are making diarrhea worse or causing gas and bloating.
Your child should avoid fruits and vegetables that can cause gas, such as broccoli, peppers, beans, peas, berries, prunes, chickpeas, green leafy vegetables, and corn.
Your child should also avoid caffeine and carbonated drinks at this time.
When children are ready for regular foods again, try giving them:
- Rice cereal
When to Call the Doctor
Call your child's health care provider if your child has any of these symptoms:
- Much less activity than normal (not sitting up at all or not looking around)
- Sunken eyes
- Dry and sticky mouth
- No tears when crying
- Not urinated for 6 hours
- Blood or mucus in the stool
- Fever that does not go away
- Stomach pain
Bhutta ZA. Acute gastroenteritis in children. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St Geme JW, et al, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 20th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 340.
Schiller LR, Sellin JH. Diarrhea. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 16.
Review Date 11/19/2015
Updated by: Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
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If we define "diction" as "the appropriate choice of words" in a given work, one can see where word choice played a major role in conveying the effectiveness of a given work. For Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address"
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If we define "diction" as "the appropriate choice of words" in a given work, one can see where word choice played a major role in conveying the effectiveness of a given work. For Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address" the audience had collected to commemorate the sacrifices of Union soldiers at the battleground site in Pennsylvania. As commander in chief, Lincoln is asked to speak about the soldiers' sacrifices and what it means in the context of the war. His purpose becomes singular in mission in how he wishes to unite the sacrifices that the soldiers made to the larger construction of the war's purpose. Diction becomes critical in this process. Lincoln uses terms such as "resting place" to convey the sense of honor that is intrinsic to the soldiers' sacrifice. Following this, diction such as "consecrate," "d
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Round, rough-skinned pears fill our Fukushima City apartment. Before the pears it was enormous, impossibly succulent peaches. Apples will be next.
Prior to the meltdown at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant six months ago
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Round, rough-skinned pears fill our Fukushima City apartment. Before the pears it was enormous, impossibly succulent peaches. Apples will be next.
Prior to the meltdown at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant six months ago, people all across Japan would send seasonal Fukushima-grown fruit to their relatives and neighbors. But now those outside Fukushima are too wary of possible radioactive contamination in produce grown here — and the fruit piles up.
The locals live with the risk. With a surplus of crops growing in the adjacent countryside, the fruits circulate in Fukushima like proverbial American fruitcakes at Christmas. We conspired to regift a box of pears to one neighbor, but they beat us to it and gave us another box. So we eat them all.
Since May, my partner Junko Kajino and I have been filming organic farmers who search for solutions to protect the Japanese food supply and recover their land and livelihoods from the nuclear fallout. Our days revolve around exploring the impact of food contamination. But we still have to eat. We drink bottled water and avoid the most notoriously contaminated items — beef, milk, green tea, mushrooms. And we assume that everything we eat contains some radionuclides. We estimate our internal exposure based on levels reported for similar products, combined with our exposure to background contamination.
This is the reality — for the 2 million people who live in Fukushima Prefecture, the tens of millions across eastern Japan who suffered some fallout from the March reactor blasts, and for an entire country whose food has been tainted in ways that are not fully understood.
The season’s first harvested rice stalks dry on racks dotting the landscape while Japan waits to see how the the fallout has contaminated the harvest. Early results are mixed, with samples showing radiation levels anywhere from undetectable to 100 becquerels per kilogram (a number still well below the legal limit of 500 Bq/kg). Critics here argue that the government underestimates the risk of low-level contamination, endangering public health to protect the economy. And some fear that the longstanding practice of mixing rice from multiple prefectures will introduce untraceable levels of contamination to the marketplace.
It’s up to organic farmers who sell directly to consumers to implement their own safety standards and communicate conditions to customers. Official testing remains sporadic, so organic farmers participate in independent measurement and labeling programs.
All summer we’ve crisscrossed the countryside, meeting Fukushima farmers. Here are some of their stories:
- Hiroaki Yoshida, an organic rice farmer in an area with low radiation levels, still faces a drop-off in sales. He wants to start an organic farming school where farmers displaced by radiation can teach their methods to young trainees. Yoshida’s son Masanori has been groomed to take over the farm someday, but the two can’t agree how best to deal with their current challenges.
- The Abukuma Mountains partly shielded Seiju Sugeno’s Playing-With-Clouds Farm from contamination, but runoff is an ongoing threat. Sugeno grows sunflowers, which he believes decontaminate the land while generating uncontaminated biofuel. He plans to work to reduce the contamination year by year, rigorously testing his yield and reporting the contamination he finds. His daughter Mizuho works with him and hopes she can build a sustainable life for herself here. (See Sugeno’s farm in the video clip below.)
- Masami Yoshizawa is keeping his 300 irradiated dairy cows alive inside the evacuation zone, hoping they can escape a death sentence and become research subjects. He’s been driving across Japan in a van equipped with loudspeakers, calling for nuclear plant decommissioning and higher, more prompt evacuee compensation.
- Yuko Ouchi has already sold off much of her orchards for residential development. She’s working with a team of professors on intense land cleanup efforts. She buries organic radioactive waste on her property, for lack of an alternative.
- Kinju Watanabe hasn’t found detectable radiation levels in his fruit, despite documented contamination surrounding his Fukushima City orchards. Researchers are investigating whether bacteria and fungus that flourish in organically cultivated soil may be preventing crops from absorbing radioactive cesium, or possibly converting the cesium into non-radioactive elements.
These efforts are promising, but will they be enough? Can independent food producers survive public mistrust? Can the agricultural bureaucracy adapt fast enough to protect the public from dangerous food? Can cleanup and cultivation methods that appear effective in isolated areas be scaled up sufficiently to ensure the long-term health of Japan’s farms? How will the risks and possible solutions impact food growers and consumers in other countries? We’ll be returning to Chicago in October to edit our film, Uncanny Terrain, but we have plans to come back to Fukushima next spring. Stay tuned as we continue exploring the lives of the people on the front lines of Japanese farming.
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Trans Fatty Acids and Heart Disease
~ January 1998 No.32 ~
In a recently published article in the New England Journal of Medicine, a team of medical researchers at Harvard Medical School reported on the effects of different types of
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Trans Fatty Acids and Heart Disease
~ January 1998 No.32 ~
In a recently published article in the New England Journal of Medicine, a team of medical researchers at Harvard Medical School reported on the effects of different types of dietary fat on the risk of coronary heart disease. Trans fatty acids have been added to the list of saturated, mono-unsaturated and polyunsaturated fats that consumers should know about. As with many diet and health related issues the information consumers are receiving is a bite confusing. The thing to remember is that having trans fatty acids in your diet turns out to be bad news.
It wasn’t too long ago that the message went out that we should be switching from butter to margarine. Butter is high in saturated fats, which have been linked in particular to cardiovascular disease. Margarines are high in polyunsaturated fats which have been shown to be beneficial. The base for most margarines is vegetable oil (soybean, corn, canola). Vegetable oils are liquid and so to make a solid margarine, the oils are hardened or hydrogentated. In the hydrogenation process, hydrogen is pumped through the vegetable oil and this causes some of the polyunsaturated fatty acids to pick up hydrogens. Fatty acids that are unsaturated contain places in their molecule where the carbons joined together are connected by double rather that single bonds. Normally at these sites of double bonds the hydrogens attached to the carbons are on the same side and are said to be in a "cis" configuration. However, during the hydrogentation process, the hydrogens can take up positions on either side of the double bond and are said to be in a "trans" configuration. The geometry, the chemistry and the metabolism of trans-fatty acids are very different from the normal cis-fatty acids.
So margarines are made from vegetable oils and therefore are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids which is good. But margarines that have been produced by hydrogenation contain trans fatty acids and as the study reported by Dr. Frank Hu and his co-workers showed, eating trans fatty acids leads to a greater risk of coronary heart disease. Fortunately it is possible to buy margarines that are made by blending rather than hydrogenation. But read the food labels carefully. Not only your margarine but a wide variety of other processed foods may use hydrogentated vegetable oils either as an ingredient or in the processing.
In the future, details of the quantity and the type of fat in a food may be required on the food label. This will become even more important as we learn about the role saturated, polyunsaturated and trans fatty acids play in health and disease.
|cis and trans chemical bonds|
|Double Bond in Cis Geometry||Double Bond in Trans Geometry|
January 26 2017
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Web Design & Development Guide
A directory traversal is to
exploit insufficient security validation / sanitization of
user-supplied input file names, so that characters representing
"traverse to parent directory" is passed through to the file APIs.
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Web Design & Development Guide
A directory traversal is to
exploit insufficient security validation / sanitization of
user-supplied input file names, so that characters representing
"traverse to parent directory" is passed through to the file APIs.
The goal of this attack is to order an application to access a
computer file that is not intended to be accessible. This attack exploits a
lack of security (the software is acting exactly as it is supposed to) as
opposed to exploiting a bug in the code.
Directory traversal is also known as the../ (dot dot slash)
attack, directory climbing, and backtracking. Some forms of this attack are also
A typical example of vulnerable application code is:
$template = 'blue.php';
if ( is_set( $_COOKIE['TEMPLATE'] ) )
$template = $_COOKIE['TEMPLATE'];
include ( "/home/users/phpguru/templates/". $template );
An attack against this system could be to send the following HTTP request:
GET /vulnerable.php HTTP/1.0
Generating a server response such as:
HTTP/1.0 200 OK
The repeated../ characters after /home/users/phpguru/templates/ has
include() to traverse to the root directory, and then include the UNIX
is a common file used to demonstrate directory traversal, as it is often
crackers to try cracking the passwords.
Variations of directory traversal
Directory traversal is trickier to prevent than it might seem. A "filter out
known bad characters" protection strategy is likely to fail.
There are many other factors involved that would determine whether a
directory traversal would actually work. However, if the application does not
validate the legitimacy of such parameters, it is quite likely that attackers
may have some wiggle room to exploit this functionality for malicious purposes.
Listed below are some known directory traversal attack strings:
Directory traversal on UNIX
Unix-like directory traversal uses the../ characters.
Directory traversal on Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows or DOS directory traversal uses the..\ characters.
Today, many Windows programs or APIs also accept
directory traversal characters.
Each partition has a separate root directory (labeled C:\ for a particular
partition C) and there i
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Toggle: English / Spanish
Uterine fibroids are common, non-cancerous or benign tumors that can grow in a woman's womb, or uterus. You might be surprised to learn that one in five women may have this sometimes painful
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Toggle: English / Spanish
Uterine fibroids are common, non-cancerous or benign tumors that can grow in a woman's womb, or uterus. You might be surprised to learn that one in five women may have this sometimes painful problem during their childbearing years and half of all women will probably have them by age 50. So, let's talk about uterine fibroids.
Fibroids are abnormal growths made of smooth muscle cells. The cause of uterine fibroids is unknown, but their growth has been linked to estrogen, a hormone that plays a vital role in pregnancy and how your body uses calcium and maintains healthy cholesterol levels. As long as a woman with fibroids is menstruating, a fibroid will probably continue to grow, usually slowly. As many as 40% though will shrink on their own. Fibroids can be tiny, detectable only by microscope, or they may grow very large, even filling the entire uterus.
Most fibroids are small and cause no symptoms at all. If you do have symptoms, the most common symptoms of fibroids is heavy or prolonged periods. Bleeding between periods is not typical of fibroids. Fibroids can also cause fullness, pressure, or pain. For instance, a fibroid pressing on the bladder can make the bladder seem smaller, or more difficult to empty. A fibroid pressing on the rectum, can cause constipation. Particularly painful periods are often reported by many women with fibroids, especially those who pass blood clots or who have very heavy flow. Fibroids that change the shape of the inside of the uterus can make it difficult to conceive, or to carry a baby to term.
To treat uterine fibroids, your doctor will first perform a pelvic exam to see if you have a change in the shape of your uterus. You may need an ultrasound or a pelvic MRI to confirm the diagnosis of fibroids. Your doctor may take a sample of tissue called a biopsy to rule out cancer.
Once your doctor diagnoses fibroids, treatments may include birth control pills to manage heavy periods, intrauterine devices that release the hormone progestin to help reduce heavy bleeding and pain, or iron supplements to prevent or treat anemia due to heavy periods.
Women who have fibroids growing inside the uterine cavity may need an outpatient procedure to remove the tumors. A procedure called uterine artery embolization can stop the blood supply to a fibroid, causing it to shrink and die. Surgery called myomectomy removes fibroids, especially for women who want to have children. Finally, some women may need a hysterectomy, or the removal of the uterus, if medicines do not work and other surgeries and procedures are not an option.
Most women with fibroids may have no symptoms at all and may need no treatment at all. During pregnancy, existing fibroids may grow due to increased blood flow and estrogen levels. But they usually return to their original size after the baby is born.
Call your health care provider if you have changes in your periods, including heavier bleeding, increased cramping, or a feeling of fullness or heaviness in your lower belly area.
- Last reviewed on 11/17/2011
- Alan Greene, MD, Author and Practicing Pediatrician; also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- 2013 A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
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It may not be a planet, but Pluto's got moons to burn. Astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope have spied the icy orb's fifth satellite. Everybody, say hello to S/2012 (134340), or "
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It may not be a planet, but Pluto's got moons to burn. Astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope have spied the icy orb's fifth satellite. Everybody, say hello to S/2012 (134340), or "P5" for short.
Measuring somewhere between 6 and 15 miles in diameter, P5 may have to compete with P4 — which was discovered almost exactly one year ago — for the title of Pluto's smallest moon, but astronomers say it fits right in with the rest of the dwarf planet's system. "The moons form a series of neatly nested orbits," said team lead Mark Showalter in a statement released by Hubble, "a bit like Russian dolls." (Click here to see how P5 stacks up against the rest of Pluto's moons.)
Its size also means NASA will have to keep an eye out for P5 when its New Horizons spacecraft soars through the Pluto system in 2015. The Agency has been using Hubble to look for potential hazards to New Horizons in the months and years leading up to its historic flyby.
"The inventory of the Pluto system we're taking now with Hubble will help the New Horizons team design a safer trajectory for the spacecraft," said Southwest Research Institute's Alan Stern, the mission's principal investigator.
Seeing as we're already talking about planetary nomenclature today, I can't help but wonder what they'll wind up naming P4 and 5. (Nix, Charon and Hydra are all figures from Greek mythology with ties to Hades (aka Pluto), god of the Underworld.)
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Presentation on theme: "Active Filters: concepts All input signals are composed of sinusoidal components of various frequencies, amplitudes and phases. If we are interested in."— Presentation transcript:
Active Filters: concepts All input signals are composed of sinus
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Presentation on theme: "Active Filters: concepts All input signals are composed of sinusoidal components of various frequencies, amplitudes and phases. If we are interested in."— Presentation transcript:
Active Filters: concepts All input signals are composed of sinusoidal components of various frequencies, amplitudes and phases. If we are interested in a certain range of frequencies, we can design filters to eliminate frequency components outside the range Filters are usually categorized into four types: low-pass filter, high- pass filter, band-pass filter and band-reject filter. Low-pass filter passes components with frequencies from DC up to its cutoff frequency and rejects components above the cutoff frequency. Low-pass filter composed of OpAmp are called active filter (as opposed to lumped passive filter with resistor, capacitor and inductor) Active filters are desired to have the following characteristics: Contain few components Insensitive to component variation Not-too-hard-to-meet specifications on OpAmp Easy reconfiguration to support different requirements (like cutoff freq) Require a small spread of component values
Applications of Analog Filters Analog filters can be found in almost every electronic circuit. Audio systems use them for pre-amplification, equalization, and tone control. In communication systems, filters are used for tuning in specific frequencies and eliminating others (for example, to filter out noise). Digital signal processing systems use filters to prevent the aliasing of out- of-band noise and interference.
Butterworth low-pass filter Many low-pass filter are designed to have a Butterworth transfer function with magnitude response as follows: Graphs from Prentice Hall
Low-pass filter: Sallen-Key Circuits Active low-pass Butterworth filter can be implemented by cascading modified Sallen-Key circuits. The Sallen-Key circuit itself is a 2 nd order filter. To obtain an nth order filter, n/2 SK circuits should be cascaded During design, capacitance can be selected first and then resistor values. As K increase from 0 to 3, the transfer function displays more and more peaking. It turns out that if K>3, then the circuit is not stable. Empirical values have been found for filters of different orders
Example of a 4 th -order Lowpass filter by cascading two 2 nd -order SK filters
Comparison of gain versus frequency for the stages of the fourth-order Butterworth low-pass filter.
Butterworth high-pass filter By a change, the lowpass Butterworth transfer function can be transformed to a high-pass function.
Butterworth high-pass filter: Sallen-Key By a change, the lowpass Butterworth transfer function can be transformed to a high-pass function. With real OpAmp, the Sallen-Key is not truly a high-pass filter, because the gain of the OpAmp eventually falls off. However, the frequencies at which the OpAmp gain is fairly high, the circuit behaves as a high-pass filter. Since the high-pass Sallen Key circuit is equivalent the same as the low-pass one, the empirical values for K would be still valid in this case also.
Band-pass filter: Sallen-Key Circuits Graphs from Prentice Hall If we need to design a band-pass filter in which the lower cutoff frequency is much less than the upper cutoff frequency, we can cascade a low-pass filter with a high-pass filter. The below band-pass filter uses the first stage as a low-pass filter which passes frequency less than 10KHz and the second stage as a high-pass filter that passes only frequency above 100Hz. Thus, frequency components in-between is passed to the output.
Figure 11.11 Bode plots of gain magnitude for the active filter of Example 11.2.
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By Taiwan Aboriginal Culture Park
© All Rights Reserved.
The Sakizaya tribe live at Chilai plain of Hualien. The population of Sakizaya is about 335. Fishing and hunting are traditional way of life. The social
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By Taiwan Aboriginal Culture Park
© All Rights Reserved.
The Sakizaya tribe live at Chilai plain of Hualien. The population of Sakizaya is about 335. Fishing and hunting are traditional way of life. The social organization is based mainly on the matrilineal system. When marrying into the wife’s family, the male must move into the wife’s household residence. “Miamaivaki” is a ritual that the elders give regards to the young people for becoming adults.
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Diabetes patients who miss their morning meal have higher-than-usual surges in blood sugar after lunch and dinner, the study found. (Source: Thinkstock Images)
People with type 2 diabetes who skip breakfast and fast until noon may have
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Diabetes patients who miss their morning meal have higher-than-usual surges in blood sugar after lunch and dinner, the study found. (Source: Thinkstock Images)
People with type 2 diabetes who skip breakfast and fast until noon may have blood sugar spikes throughout the day, a small study suggests.
When 22 patients with type 2 diabetes missed their morning meal, they had higher-than-usual surges in blood sugar after lunch and dinner, the study found.
Skipping breakfast was also linked to less efficient processing of glucose by the body, or a reduced ability to convert blood sugar into energy.
The researchers had expected that skipping breakfast wouldn’t be healthy. But they were surprised at the extent to which glucose metabolism suffered, simply because participants hadn’t eaten breakfast, said lead author Daniela Jakubowicz of Tel Aviv University.
“This means reducing the amount of starch and sugars in lunch and dinner will have no effect on reducing elevated glucose levels if patients also skip breakfast,” she said by email.
Globally, about one in 10 adults have diabetes, according to the World Health Organization. Like the patients in this study, most have type 2 diabetes, which is associated with obesity and aging and occurs when the body can’t make or process enough of the hormone insulin.
Previous research has linked skipping breakfast to an increased risk for weight gain and diabetes, Jakubowicz and colleagues note in the journal Diabetes Care.
The current study involved 12 men and 10 women who were about 57 years old on average, and overweight.
On test days, patients were asked to fast overnight, then come to the clinic for blood tests and either two or three meals, depending on which part of the experiment they were completing.
Participants consumed the same balanced meal with the same number of calories for lunch and dinner.
Two to four weeks later, they repeated the process, but switching to either eat or skip breakfast – whatever they hadn’t done in the first phase.
On test days when patients skipped breakfast, their blood sugar was 40 percent higher after lunch and 25 percent higher after dinner than on the days when they had three meals.
Skipping breakfast may have made it difficult for the pancreas to produce the right amount of insulin to properly control blood sugar, Jakubowicz said. Normally, beta cells in the pancreas release insulin in response to elevated levels of sugar in the blood.
Missing the morning meal may cause the beta cells to “forget their vital role,” she said, delaying the release of insulin and al
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Speak Out and Stay Safe
At Wootey Junior School we encourage all our children to'speak out' if they are ever worried about keeping themselves safe. The children know that all our staff are here to listen to them and help them
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Speak Out and Stay Safe
At Wootey Junior School we encourage all our children to'speak out' if they are ever worried about keeping themselves safe. The children know that all our staff are here to listen to them and help them. The 'Wootey Worry Pig' is used to help children write down concerns if they are too shy to start a conversation but would like to talk to someone. He can be found in the school library.
This year our children were visited by the NSPCC in assembly. Our school took part in their 'Buddy Challenge' to raise money for Childline. We were delighted to raise nearly £300 for the charity.
At Wootey, we aim to equip our children with a computing curriculum that will prepare them for an ever changing technological world. Our curriculum combines digital literacy (presenting and publishing information) with computer science (programming and control). The balance towards computer science increases as pupils move up through Key Stage 2. E-safety is taught throughout every year group addressing issues appropriate to age.
In 2014 we updated our ICT infrastructure with a new set of laptops, iPads and Wi-Fi throughout. In addition each classroom is equipped with the latest technology touchscreen interactive whiteboards and we have a bank of visualisers which we use to support the curriculum.
Each class receives a weekly computing slot where they are taught specific skills, and computing is used widely to support all areas of the curriculum.
At Wootey Junior School we take internet safety seriously. It is our aim to provide children and adults with the necessary knowledge and skills to use the internet purposefully and safely.
In lessons and in assemblies:
Pupils are regularly reminded of the rules regarding internet use, sanctions are explained and used consistently when necessary
Children are taught to use the web safely
Children are not allowed use of mobile phones in school
Children are not allowed unauthorised access to chat rooms, message boards, messenger services or other'social networking' websites in school
Children are only allowed access to subscription websites under direct teacher supervision.
Every year, children in Year 5 take part in a week long programme to teach them to ride a bicycle safely. The programme is called 'Bikeabilty' and is run by Hampshire County Council. Children are taught to control their bicycle effectively and the road awareness to ride a bike proficiently on a road.
Children who choose to ride a bicycle to school must always wear a helmet and store their bicycle in our bicycle shelter. We always recommend that they use a cycle lock to secure their bicycle.
Every year our Year 6 pupils take part in the 'Think Safe' event at Queen Victoria Country Park. The children are taught about various 'danger' scenarios by a host of agencies. This year's safety talks are led by the following:
1. Hampshire Fire and Rescue Service - showing pupils what to do in the case of a fire
2. Royal National Life Boat Institute - Beach Safety.
3. Police – Stranger Danger
4. Southern Domestic Abuse Service – Healthy Relationships
5. Hampshire County Council – Trading Stan
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No one can say with certainty when human beings came to have names as a symbol and a convenient way of distinguishing one from the other. At the dawn of human civilisation, our ancestors must have lived in a nameless society. They probably learnt
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No one can say with certainty when human beings came to have names as a symbol and a convenient way of distinguishing one from the other. At the dawn of human civilisation, our ancestors must have lived in a nameless society. They probably learnt to recognise and identify each other by way of the sound of their voice, their looks and any peculiar external features. These images would be etched in their mind’s eye.
The institution of names gradually evolved when society became more developed and civilised. It was then necessary to devise a more practical and permanent method of identifying and differentiating one’s kith and kin and others. The general scholarly consensus is that personal names came into use at a very early period of human history. According to historians and anthropologists, all people of the world now have names, including the most primitive tribes, and that no contrary evidence has so far been found.
In the case of the Chinese, they are said to have had given names as well as surnames (family names) dating back to almost 5000 years. The use of hereditary surnames was at first the prerogative of the nobility, but from the Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) onwards all Chinese, rich and poor, came to possess it.
By contrast, the use of surnames by most of the other countries is of later origin. In England, William the Conqueror is credited to have introduced it after 1066. Soon, surnames were adopted by aristocratic families and the land-owning upper classes. It was only from the 16th Century that most English people began to have surnames. This practice was spread to Scotland, Ireland and Wales during the 18th Century.
In ancient times, the Japanese also had no surnames, only personal names. However, after the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the government promulgated a decree in 1875 making it compulsory for all Japanese to have a surname.
Like the Japanese, Turkey did not adopt a surname system until after it became a republic in 1923.
To the Chinese, people with the same surname are regarded as clansmen and descended from the common founding ancestor. The tie of kinship is a hallmark of Chinese social structure and binds its members wherever in the world they might be. They network with each other through regular global gatherings to renew ties and to promote matters of common interest. This is a good example of the Chinese concept of “guanxi”, which includes an element of the “old school tie” in Britain.
In old China, marriage between those within the clan was taboo, mainly due to the belief, not always genealogically correct, that they would be related by blood. The force of tradition is such that, even today, such a union is not common in the Chinese world and still frowned upon.
For a country with 1.3 billion people, China is estimated to have a relatively small pool of approximately 10,000 surnames, of which some 500 are said to be in common usage. In contrast, Japan with a far smaller population of about 130 million, has at least 100,000 surnames. According to a Chinese survey of 1980s, the most common surnames were, Li, Zhang, Wang, Liu and Chen. Together they constituted more than a third of the country’s population. The majority of Chinese surnames have one character, but those with double-character are not uncommon. More rare a
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Role of self-care in management of diabetes mellitus
© Shrivastava et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013
Received: 22 January 2013
Accepted: 28 February 2013
Published:
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Role of self-care in management of diabetes mellitus
© Shrivastava et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013
Received: 22 January 2013
Accepted: 28 February 2013
Published: 5 March 2013
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic progressive metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia mainly due to absolute (Type 1 DM) or relative (Type 2 DM) deficiency of insulin hormone. World Health Organization estimates that more than 346 million people worldwide have DM. This number is likely to more than double by 2030 without any intervention. The needs of diabetic patients are not only limited to adequate glycemic control but also correspond with preventing complications; disability limitation and rehabilitation. There are seven essential self-care behaviors in people with diabetes which predict good outcomes namely healthy eating, being physically active, monitoring of blood sugar, compliant with medications, good problem-solving skills, healthy coping skills and risk-reduction behaviors. All these seven behaviors have been found to be positively correlated with good glycemic control, reduction of complications and improvement in quality of life. Individuals with diabetes have been shown to make a dramatic impact on the progression and development of their disease by participating in their own care. Despite this fact, compliance or adherence to these activities has been found to be low, especially when looking at long-term changes. Though multiple demographic, socio-economic and social support factors can be considered as positive contributors in facilitating self-care activities in diabetic patients, role of clinicians in promoting self-care is vital and has to be emphasized. Realizing the multi-faceted nature of the problem, a systematic, multi-pronged and an integrated approach is required for promoting self-care practices among diabetic patients to avert any long-term complications.
KeywordsDiabetes Self-care Compliance Physica
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Friday, October 29, 2010
2nd Grade Line Art
If you walk down the 2nd grade hall this week you will find rows and rows of hands tied together with multicolored cord. The 2nd grade
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Friday, October 29, 2010
2nd Grade Line Art
If you walk down the 2nd grade hall this week you will find rows and rows of hands tied together with multicolored cord. The 2nd grade classes have been working on building "community" and this art project was a developed as a way to create an art project that would symbolically link the entire 2nd grade. We talked about color and how the bright color band moving across the hand represented energy and a beauty that unified all people. If we joined hands and work together... anything can be accomplished. Each child traced their own hand on white card stock and then drew a beautiful organic line across the palm of their hand with a sharpie. We then added color with markers in a symmetrical pattern. Finally we divided the rest of our hand into sections with a sharpie and then created organic and geometric patterns with a black sharpie. We also added our name to part of the black and white design as a way of personalizing our artwork. The black and white pattern looks beautiful in contrast with the color band. We hope you come visit the 2nd grade hall to enjoy this beautiful project.
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