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The Cat 3408 is a high-speed, industrial engine from Caterpillar Incorporated that is no longer in production. According to Pro Vehicles, the 3408 can power a variety of vehicles, including yachts, ships, loaders and trucks.
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The Cat 3408 is a high-speed, industrial engine from Caterpillar Incorporated that is no longer in production. According to Pro Vehicles, the 3408 can power a variety of vehicles, including yachts, ships, loaders and trucks. Workers use trucks with 3408 engines for hauling heavy loads to and from construction sites as well as for hauling coal out of mines.
The Cat 3408 is a diesel internal combustion engine. A report on the Georgia State University website notes that, unlike an Otto cycle engine, which uses a spark plug to ignite gasoline fuel, a diesel engine uses compression to generate intense heat that causes the combustion of diesel fuel. Gasoline fuel and diesel fuel are both derivatives of crude oil.
As Pro Vehicles notes, the Cat 3408 can generate a maximum electrical power of 266 kilowatts (kW). A single kW is equal to 1,000 watts.
Horsepower is a unit of work. The Cat 3408 can achieve a maximum of 447 to 520 horsepower. One unit of horsepower is equal to 550 foot-pounds per second, or 745.7 watts.
The Cat 3408 has a life expectancy of approximately 16,000 operating hours, which is a little less than two years if the engine were run non-stop.
According to the BoatDiesel website, the Cat 3408 is an eight-cylinder engine. This means the engine has eight piston chambers, each of which has a corresponding piston that pumps up and down inside of it. In general, the more cylinders an engine has, the more powerful the engine.
Displacement is another indicator of an engine's power. The Cat 3408 has a displacement of 18.0 litres, wh
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The retreat from Canada
The death of Montgomery
dispelled the illusion
Chap. LXVII.} 1776. Jan. to Mar.
that hovered round the invasion of Canada
The soldiers whose time expired on the last day
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The retreat from Canada
The death of Montgomery
dispelled the illusion
Chap. LXVII.} 1776. Jan. to Mar.
that hovered round the invasion of Canada
The soldiers whose time expired on the last day of December insisted on their discharge; some went off without leave, taking with them their arms; the rest were dejected and anxious to be at home.
There remained encamped near Quebec
rather than besieging it, about four hundred Americans
and as many wavering Canadians.
The force commanded by Carleton
was twice as numerous as both, and was concentrated in the well provisioned and strongly fortified town.
Yet in the face of disasters and a superior enemy, Arnold
preserved his fortitude; ‘I have no thought,’ he said, ‘of leaving this proud town until I enter it in tri umph.’
had required an army of ten thousand men; Arnold
declared that a less number would not suffice.
The chief command devolved on Wooster
was at Montreal
; and he wrote in every direction for
Chap LXVII.} 1776. Jan. to Mar.
aid. To Warner
and the Green Mountain
Boys he sent word that they must come down as fast as parties to could be collected, by fifties or even by tens; of Washington
, who had no artillery for his own use, he asked not men only, but heavy cannon and mortars; to the president of congress and to Schuyler
he said plainly: ‘We shall want every thing,’ men, heavy cannon, mortars, shot, shells, powder, and hard money.
Bills of credit had no currency; ‘money,’ he reiterated, ‘we must have or give up every thing;’ ‘if we are not immediately supplied with hard cash, we must starve, quit the country, or lay it under contribution.’
Wherever among the colonies the news spread of Montgomery
's fall, there was one general burst of sorrow, and a burning desire to retrieve his defeat.
overcame his scruples about initiating measures, and without waiting to consult congress, recommended to Massachusetts
, and New Hampshire
, each to raise and send forward a regiment on behalf of the continent; and the three colonies eagerly met his call, for the annexation of Canada
was then their passion.
The continental congress specially encouraged western New Hampshire
to complete a regiment for the service; and ordered one regiment from Philadelphia
, another from New Jersey
to march for the St. Lawrence
These were to be soon followed by four or five more.
In the first moments of the excitement the summons was obeyed; citizens became soldiers, left the comforts of home with alacrity, and undertook a march of many hundred miles, to a country in that rigorous
season almost uninhabitable, through snow and
Chap. LXVII.} 1776. Jan. to Mar.
over frozen lakes, without tents, or any shelter from the inclemency of the weather.
Their unanimity, their zeal for liberty, their steady perseverance, called to forth the most confident predictions of their success; but reflection showed insurmountable obstacles.
Since congress for eight months had not been able to furnish Washington
, who was encamped in the most thickly peopled part of the country, with the men, clothes, blankets, money, and powder required for the recovery of Boston
, how could they hope to keep up the siege of Quebec
To maintain a foothold in Canada
, there was need, in the first place, of the good — will and confidence of its people.
had from his birth been familiar with Catholics
; but Wooster
, a New England
Calvinist from a country town in Connecticut
, cradled in the hatred of popery, irritated the jealousies of the Canadian
clergy, who refused absolution to the friends of the Americans
, and threatened them from the pulpit with eternal woe. Nor were his manners and frugal style of living suited to win the friendship of the Canadian
But without the support of their priests or their feudal superiors, the fickle and uncertain common people were incapable of being solidly organized, unless the Americans
should prove themselves to be the strongest party.
It would therefore be necessary to send into Canada
a numerous, well disciplined, and well appointed army, with trains of artillery for a siege.
But congress, in its dread of a standing force, had no troops at all except on short enlistments; among the New England
men who were the first to move, there was little aptness
for military subordination; and if Washington
Chap. LXVII.} 1776. Jan. to Mar.
found it difficult to reduce them to order, if Schuyler
almost threw up the attempt, if Montgomery
suffered to from their querulousness even while leading them to victory, what was to be expected from fresh levies of imperfectly armed villagers who for the most part had never seen war, and, alike officers and men, could never have acquired the sentiment of soldierly obedience, or the habit of courage in danger?
Moreover, the distance was an obstacle in respect to which England
had the advantage; the path across the Atlantic
and up the St. Lawrence
was more easily tr
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Nuclear Medicine is a branch of Diagnostic Radiology and Imaging wherein a very small and safe amount of radioactive isotope (usually 99m Technetium) tagged to a pharmaceutical agent is injected intravenously and patient is scanned using specialised equipment
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Nuclear Medicine is a branch of Diagnostic Radiology and Imaging wherein a very small and safe amount of radioactive isotope (usually 99m Technetium) tagged to a pharmaceutical agent is injected intravenously and patient is scanned using specialised equipment called Gamma Camera (with SPECT - Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography).
Nuclear Medicine scans can be safely carried out in patients with diabetes, hypertension, renal or hepatic dysfunction and in children of all age groups including neonates. There is no risk of any allergic reaction or side effects. A small amount of radiation exposure is involved which is well within permissible and safe limits After scan patient can drive, go back to work or home and carry on his routine tasks.
Specially trained staff: These procedures are performed by specially qualified and highly experienced Nuclear Medicine Technologist and Nuclear Medicine Specialist Physician specially trained and skilled in performing these procedures including handling of Isotopes as per international radiation safety standards.
Utility of Nuclear Medicine: It is a unique and non-invasive Imaging Modality that gives specific functional information regarding physiologic condition of the organ or system (like, perfusion, function metabolism and receptor imaging etc.) rather than anatomic details which are routinely assessed with conventional radiological procedure like Ultrasound, Radiographs (X-Rays) CT Scan and MRI.
Full Time Doctor
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The idea of what constitutes a career is always changing; society has greatly changed throughout the last hundred years, and the ever-changing job market is a shockingly apt indicator of the differences that lie between generations.
When discussing generational changes in jobs and
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The idea of what constitutes a career is always changing; society has greatly changed throughout the last hundred years, and the ever-changing job market is a shockingly apt indicator of the differences that lie between generations.
When discussing generational changes in jobs and employment, we have to consider external factors, such as the rapidly growing cost of education and its impact on the job opportunities for Millennials. Higher costs of education in the last two decades coupled with the growing number of students pursuing unpaid internships are creating a difficult economic climate for recent graduates. Since 1995, statistics show that “out-of-state tuition and fees at public universities [has risen] 226 percent” (Mitchell). Even after considering this financial burden, the career arcs of today’s young adults are often much different from that of their predecessors. The Boston Globe finds that at The College of the Holy Cross in Massachusetts, “the number of students accepting internships after graduation has more than doubled in the last three years.” The idea that newer generations are in more debt and entering the job market with non-paying positions is a critical one for the economic future of young adults in America today.
This being said, the seeming necessity of getting a degree is something that we take for granted, as previous generations could accomplish more with less formal education. Factory work and various manufacturing jobs that could be done without college degrees are increasingly being replaced by machinery and new technology, causing many lower-income jobs to become obsolete. “In 1970, more than a quarter of U.S. employees worked in manufacturing. By 2010, only one in 10 did” (Kenny). For Baby Boomers and all who were born before World War II, manufacturing work was always a viable option that didn’t require extensive education. However, the prevalence of these occupations began to decline, and now the number of millennials in factory jobs are few and far between. Factory jobs aren’t the only jobs decreasing due to the ubiquitous nature of technology. Occupations like accounting are being slowly replaced by more accessible (and less expensive) computer programs like TurboTax. In the course of ten years, “the number of ‘mail carriers’ in the United States fell 10 percent from 358,000 to 321,000” (Boston.com). This decline directly correlates with the rise of email, and truly exemplifies how the job market is shifting as we become more technologically advanced.
However, there hasn’t only been a decline in jobs for Millennials. There are numerous occupations that are only increasing with advances in science and medicine. According to Chmura, STEM jobs are expected to have a growth rate of 14.3%. STEM is an increasingly important field that wasn’t nearly as prominent in previous generations. Likewise, the Bureau of Labor Statistics lists software development as another quickly growing field. The rise of technology is affecting not only the way that millennials operate socially, but it is also creating new industries for them to be employed by.
It is clear that much has changed in terms of viable career options between generations. Whether it is the rise of jobs in STEM fields, or the inevitable decline in manual labor, it’s safe to assume that the job market is an ever-changing climate. Although it may be inconsistent, changes in occupation between generations can teach us much about the people of these eras and what sort of work they truly value. Whether you’re talking about a baby boomer or a millennial, one thing can be said: everyone works to live, but everyone can hope for a job where they live to work, regardless of generation.
Graphics: Jessica Chang
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One of the most difficult things about studying history is recreating the social, intellectual, technological, and physical environment of your subject. Mostly this entails putting your own assumptions aside, which means understanding the assumptions that you make about life. This is not
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One of the most difficult things about studying history is recreating the social, intellectual, technological, and physical environment of your subject. Mostly this entails putting your own assumptions aside, which means understanding the assumptions that you make about life. This is not always easy. Some assumptions we make about life are so ingrained that we cease to notice them anymore, let alone recognize their absence in the past. Two of my favorite examples of this are access to medical care and access to communications infrastructure. People in 1800, even if they lived in a relatively affluent area, had atrocious medical care by our standards, which translated into much lower life expectancies. A letter – which was the dominant mode of long-distance communication – took anywhere from two weeks to several months to cross any significant distance (like the Atlantic Ocean). We take access to decent medical care for granted, as we do communications infrastructures like telephones (and, of course, the internet).
The reason I bring all of this up in a post about an article from the mid-20th century U.S. is relatively simple: I found it hard to understand exactly what computers of Licklider’s time actually looked like and how they functioned. One has the “room-size” computer in mind, the types that were programmed by punch card and were actually susceptible to physical insects (bugs) clogging up vacuum tubes in their inner workings. But beyond this stereotyped understanding of computing, it is very, very difficult to break out of our current understanding of what computers are and how we use them. I’m typing this on a machine that fits in my lap, and yet has many, many, many times the processing power that the room-size computers of Licklider’s day had. I have instant access to a large portion of the world’s information and can use this machine in an almost infinite variety of ways, all without needing to know a single line of computer code. With some coding skills, this number does rise very close to infinity. I can create amazing representations of complex data structures through free programs like R and Gapminder, and do all of this with data sets freely available from governmental and non-governmental agencies across the globe. Not all of these assumptions about what a computer can do immediately recede when I try to put myself in the mind-space of Licklider, like the idea that I would need to articulate exactly what I wanted to compute before I did it, sit down with a programmer to figure out how to compute it, and then wait for th
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Some homes do see dogs as members of the family. In fact, they believe that dogs are not supposed to be seen anywhere within the home apart from being outside. Recuses and animal groups have been warning against the idea of letting dogs live outside
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Some homes do see dogs as members of the family. In fact, they believe that dogs are not supposed to be seen anywhere within the home apart from being outside. Recuses and animal groups have been warning against the idea of letting dogs live outside, however, this has remained a constant practice in several homes today.
Sadly, thousands of dogs still live their lives outside the home (outdoors) even during extreme weather because they are not regarded as family members. Apart from the harsh weather, there are many reasons why restricting dogs from living indoors all through the year is unhealthy and unkind.
According to Rob Halpin, Dogs are confined to a life of loneliness and frustration whenever they are kept outside to live on their own. Even as social animals, dogs do not live in packs like their ancestors and cousins – the wolves. These animals (wolves) virtually do everything together such as hunting, sleeping, playing etc. But these characteristics are rarely found in dogs because they enjoy our company.
By forcing dogs to live outside the home, you are not only depriving them of human companionship but crippling their natural desires which is another form of animal cruelty. Although, no dog is expected to live his whole life outdoors, some dogs would rather prefer to spend quality time outside especially those in rural areas.
However, a veterinary doctor in New York City, Dr. Rob Proietto said that it is very important for the dog owner to know when their pups need shelter and join the family. Dogs have tendencies to overheat very quickly during warm weather climates while, in cold weather, they are at risk of getting hypothermia.
Dogs are domestic animals – their safety and comfort are provided by humans. There is hardly any dog that is capable of living outdoors full-time.
Adam Goldberg recalled the story of a rescued 3-year-old pit bull, Hope who has never witnessed life within the home because she had spent most of her years living outside. As a result, of sleeping on hard surfaces (e.g. concrete), her elbows and joints were covered with rough callouses.
Upon arrival at the Broward Country facility, Hope had to be taught the normal principles of life in a home through which she learnt how to sleep on a warm bed with her family and stopped stealing from the garbage. Today, she is growing strong and healthy with an improved skin and soft callouses.
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Savannah has a wealth of 19th century architecture, but almost nothing survives from the 18th century. The reason is two major fires (in 1796 and 1820), both of which burned an enormous portion of the
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Savannah has a wealth of 19th century architecture, but almost nothing survives from the 18th century. The reason is two major fires (in 1796 and 1820), both of which burned an enormous portion of the city.
Savannah’s Great Fire of 1796 was one of the most devastating fires ever to have struck an American city at that time.
Only a few years earlier, Savannah and its people had emerged from the years of the Revolutionary War seemingly well poised to capitalize on its growing position as a shipping and mercantile center. Over a single night, most of its progress was lost.
Savannah In The 1790s
By 1796, the populated parts of Savannah were in the area roughly bounded by the river and Oglethorpe Avenue (then South Broad Street) on its north and south, Jefferson Street on its west and Lincoln Street on its east, with only isolated houses beyond this area.
Expansions of the city’s square plan in 1790 and 1791 had added three new wards, centered around Franklin Square on the west and Washington and Warren Squares on the east, but for the most part, the city had yet to spread into these newly-laid-out areas.
Most of the city’s residents were in six densely built wards, a mass of closely packed houses whose construction was almost entirely of wood.
Nonetheless, the city had done well to recover itself from the destruction and economic setbacks of the Revolutionary War. Business was good, and new homes and buildings were going up.
Still, in the 18th and into the 19th centuries, wide-scale disaster was never far away. Violent storms, epidemics and fire threatened the city’s new-found prosperity and were of major concern to Savannah’s officials and residents alike.
The Great Fire: November 26 1796
As dusk fell in the early evening of Saturday November 26, around 6 or 7pm, a small fire broke out in the bakery of a Mr Gromet, located on present-day Ellis (then Market) Square.
Mr Gromet and any associates he may have had were either not present, or not able, to put out the flames, and the fire began to spread, first through his own property and then into neighboring buildings.
Although Savannah’s council h
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In 1906 he did what all artists want to do - study in France. But he was disappointed. The Modern Movement was in full force and Hopper could not relate to it. He himself claimed that it's effect on him was minimal
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In 1906 he did what all artists want to do - study in France. But he was disappointed. The Modern Movement was in full force and Hopper could not relate to it. He himself claimed that it's effect on him was minimal. The one European artist to have influenced him a bit was Rembrandt,especially the painting The Night Watch. He travelled to other cities and made 2 more trips to Europe in 1909 and 1910. And although he often travelled during the rest of his life, he never went back to Europe again.
For a time he painted things he remembered from Europe but found little success so returned to what he was known for - American subjects. In 1913 he made his first sale but he was now 37 and began to doubt that he could make a living as an artist. He wanted to give up working as a commercial artist but couldn't. He discovered that prints were becoming popular so he began to make prints of his work which sold better than his paintings. He also began painting in watercolors for the same reason.
Hopper married at age 42 and this marked a turn in his fortunes. His paintings began selling. In 1924 his show at the Rehn Gallery was a sellout. In 1925 he painted what is considered his first fully mature picture, House by the Railroad. It is typical of the paintings he did from this point on. There is a modern bleakness and a sense of isolation here. At the same time there is a seemingly nostalgic regard for American puritan values of the past. There is also a theme of the loneliness of travel. (The Hoppers had begun to travel a great deal within the United States and Mexico.)
Hopper's star continued to rise and in 1929 and 1933 he had exhibits at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Both MOMA and the Whitney Museum bought his paintings for their permanent collections.
"Hopper became a pictorial poet who recorded the starkness and vastness of America. Sometimes he expressed aspects of this in traditional guise, as, for example, in his pictures of lighthouses and harsh New England landscapes; sometimes New York was his context, with eloquent cityscapes, often showing deserted streets at night. Some paintings, such as his celebrated image of a gas-station, Gas (1940), even have elements which anticipate Pop Art. Hopper once said: 'To me the most important thing is the sense of going on. You know how beautiful things are when you're travelling.'
"He painted hotels, motels,trains and highways, and also liked to paint the public and semi-public places where people gathered:restaurants, theatres,cinemas and offices. But even in these paintings he stressed the theme of loneliness - his theatres are often semi-deserted, with a few patrons waiting for the curtain to go up or the performers isolated in the fierce light of the stage. Hopper was a frequent movie-goer, and there is often a cinematic quality in his work. As the years went on, however, he found suitable subjects increasingly difficult to discover, and often felt blocked and unable to paint. His contemporary the painter Charles Burchfield wrote: 'With Hopper the whole fabric of his art seems to be interwoven with his personal character and manner of living.' When the link between the outer world he observed and the inner world of feeling and fantasy broke, Hopper found he was unable to create." (Lives of the Great 20th Century Artists by Edward Lucie- Smith)
Edward Hopper died May 15, 1967
Edward Hopper was my mother's favorite artist. She especially loved The Night Hawks. This painting, like many of his paintings, portrays a typical city scene. I am guessing that these paintings are more appreciated by city dwellers than non-city dwellers. I was born and raised in New York City and have walked by scenes just like this. It's the kind of painting that you can weave stories about. (The couple seem unhappy, together but not talking. Perhaps they just had an argument. The solitary man, maybe a gangster waiting for his contact. Or just a lonely man looking to be around other people.)
This painting has something in common with Van Gogh's Starry Night.Both have been popular with young people and both have become part of modern pop culture. The Night Hawks has been referenced in numerous films and tv shows (such as The Simpsons- right) as well as in music and literature. In the current movie Night at the Museum:The Smithsonian it is one of the paintings that comes to life.(although it actually hangs at the Art Institute of Chicago.
By the way, on the outside of the diner is an advertisement for Phillies cigars.
Edward Hopper began this painting right after the attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941. The mood of the country was somber and gloomy. this feeling is captured in the painting.
The paintings below are: The Lighthouse at Two Lights (1929) which is at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and New York Movie (1939). this hangs at the Museum of Modern Art in New York.
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Raising an eco-friendly bay can be his/her bit towards saving the environment. Read on for tips on raising an eco-friendly infant.
Raising a Green Baby
Environmental issues have become a major concern in today's world. We have to make
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Raising an eco-friendly bay can be his/her bit towards saving the environment. Read on for tips on raising an eco-friendly infant.
Raising a Green Baby
Environmental issues have become a major concern in today's world. We have to make conscious efforts to take the pressure off the environment. Well, if you thought that your new born baby cannot contribute his/her bit towards restoring ecological balance, you are definitely in for a surprise. Your little one can be made eco-friendly right from his/her birth. This is the only way we can safeguard the planet resources and ensure that our children's future is safe as well. Environmental consciousness can begin right from the time of birth of your baby. By being eco-friendly, don't assume that you are not doing the best for your kid. You just need to follow the basics and buy products that are both suitable for your baby and the environment. Read further to find some tips on dealing with environmental concerns even after the birth of your baby.
Raising Eco-Friendly Baby
- The first step would be to make a list of the things that your baby would require. Certain things like cots, beds and cupboard can either be borrowed from friends and family or you can buy them second-hand.
- Next in line, comes the type of items you buy. Rather than buying things that can be exclusively used by a boy or girl, buy things that both can use. This will lead to saving resources as well.
- Instead of using disposable maternity briefs that are a waste, use cotton ones that can be washed and reused and even if they are disposed off, they are biodegradable.
- Breastfeeding qualifies as the most environment friendly food for your baby. Mother's milks is deemed as the most sterile and healthy food for a toddler. Feed breast milk to your baby instead of formula food, as long it is practicable.
- Do not opt for disposable breast pads. Instead, use washable breast pads, as they are eco-friendly.
- When it comes to infant's nappies, get reusable cloth nappies made of cotton. These are simple to use and long lasting and can be used for more than one child.
- You can get your baby wooden toys rather than the plastic ones. This is an effective way for being eco-friendly parent.
- In terms of clothes, the best bet would be to buy secondhand baby clothes. Since babies grow very quickly, the clothes are hardly worn.
- Some of the other items which you can get second hand include cot linen, soft furnishings, bouncy chairs and inflatable baby nests.
- While getting wooden objects, such as high chairs and baby toys, keep away from tropical hardwoods. Instead, look for ones made from trees grown in sustainable forests.
- In terms of baby care toiletries, use the ones that are eco-friendly. These items use natural ingredients that are soft and kind to baby and toddler's skin.
- Once you baby has grown and can consume solids, make him/her your own baby food rather than getting packaged ones.
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You might have heard about some metal being heat treated. This means the way they behave has been changed by how they were heated and cooled. Heat treating steel is done by heating it up and cooling it down at different speeds. In this tutorial,
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You might have heard about some metal being heat treated. This means the way they behave has been changed by how they were heated and cooled. Heat treating steel is done by heating it up and cooling it down at different speeds. In this tutorial, we will show you how to heat treat a piece of spring steel.
Steel is a metal which is a combination of the elements iron and carbon. Not all steels can be heat treated. The steel has to have enough carbon in it before the chemistry that changes its properties can work its magic. A steel paper clip does not have enough carbon in it to be heat treatable. A steel hair pin is in fact a spring, and it can be heat treated. Springs have to move and snap back to their original shape. You can heat treat a hair pin (or any other spring you can get your hands on). You just need to be able to heat it up to a nice glowing orange.
By the way, a really nice science fair project might be to experiment with different metals and find out about how they respond to the heat treating methods we are going to try out.
There are three ways you can change the properties of a metal by heat treating it: 1) Make it softer, 2) Make it harder, 3) Make it springy (hard but not brittle).
Here is how to heat treat a hair pin those those three ways.
- This project requires adult supervision
- Burn hazard
- Fire hazard
- Flying material (eye injury) hazard
- Be sure to read and follow the torch instruction manual
- Paint or adhesives may emit toxic fumes. Use unpainted steel and do this project outside. If there is smoke or a funny smell, don’t breathe it.
Tools & Materials
- At least 3 small springs (hair pins work nicely)
- A butane torch (or Bunsen burner)
- Coffee cup
- Safety Glasses
To Make Steel Softer (Annealing)
To change the hair pin from a spring to a piece of metal that can be easily bent and formed, you want to anneal it. Annealing is heating the steel up until it is glowing nicely, and then cooling it as slowly as you can. Here is what to do:
Step 1 – Heat the Steel
Begin by seeing how springy the hair pin is. Flex it open and let it snap back. Now light the torch and hold the hair pin (with pliers) until it glows orange.
Step 2 – Cool the Steel Slowly
The key here is to let the pin cool over about a minute. The steel should still be glowing from Step1. Cool the metal by slowly moving the pin farther and farther away from the flame. When it stops glowing, keep moving it slowly away from the flame. When the metal is cool to the touch, it is fully annealed.
Step 3 – Test it
Now open the pin up and you will see that it is not much of a spring anymore. You can bend it easily and it will only snap back weakly. Keep this pin and you can make it springy again.
To Make Steel Harder (Quenching)
A hard steel is one that resists scratching or denting. Hardened steel can be used to cut other metals. Drill bits and taps are examples of hardened steel. To do this part, start with a new pin or use the one you used in “To Make Steel Soft.” We are going to break the pin at the end of this part to see how easy it is to break.
Step 1 – Heat the Steel
Holding the pin in the pliers, heat it until it glows orange.
Step 2 – Quench
While it is still glowing, drop the pin into a coffee cup of room temperature water. The pin should make a “pssst” sound and you will see little black flakes come off the sides. The black flakes are carbon that has come out of the steel.
Step 3 – Test It
Take the hair pin out of the water. It should be cool after only a couple of seconds. Carefully try to pull it open and it will snap with only the slightest force. This steel is very hard but this also means it is very brittle. If we want to make something useful out of really hard steel we will need to temper it.
To Make Steel “Springy” (Tempering)
A good knife blade will have the same properties as a good spring. It will be a mixture between hardness and toughness.
Hair pins are already in this state when you get them in the store. When they make springs, they form them while they are soft (annealed). Then they quench and temper the steel. Tempering takes away some of the brittleness but leaves some hardness.
Step 1 – Anneal the Pin
You can start with the pin you used in “To Make Steel Soft” or you can anneal another one. Do the same slow cooling you did before.
Step 2 – Shape the Pin
While the pin is annealed, you can bend it into whatever shape you like. without breaking.
Step 3 – Quench the Pin
Heat the pin and drop it into the water like you did in “To Make Steel Harder.” When it is cool, don’t try to bend it or it will break.
Step 4 – Clean the Pin
Use some fine sandpaper to clean off any carbon residue that is on the pin. You need to be able to see the color of the steel clearly. Just be careful not to break the steel, it is very hard and brittle!
Step 5 – Temper the Pin
Tempering helps take some of the brittleness out of the pin. When done correctly it will make the pin as springy as it was when it was new. To temper the pin you want to heat it slowly and carefully until it just turns a beautiful deep blue color. Hold the pin an inch or two away from the butane flame and heat it slowly until it begins to change col
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The Polar Bear was one of the most challenging species ever assessed by COSEWIC" said Dr. Jeff Hutchings, Chair. Extensive inventory, research, a wealth of Aboriginal traditional and community knowledge and the emerging threats posed by climate change
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The Polar Bear was one of the most challenging species ever assessed by COSEWIC" said Dr. Jeff Hutchings, Chair. Extensive inventory, research, a wealth of Aboriginal traditional and community knowledge and the emerging threats posed by climate change and northern development were considered. In some areas, the bear appears to be increasing; in others it is declining. The reduction of sea ice, a consequence of increasing temperatures, is a threat to the species, especially in the southern part of its range. Future stresses on the population mean that harvest will have to be managed particularly carefully in coming years.
So I zipped over to the COSEWIC website and read up and tried to decide what my opinion was.
And my opinion, until someone smarter tells me different, is that this is a not bad Canadian compromise. While less than 100% protection, if you read the relevant parts of the legi
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Academic coursework is supplemented with arts education, physical training, life skills coaching, and religious instruction to develop the whole child. Our goal is to provide a supportive and nurturing educational environment that extends beyond the classroom.
Primary (ages 3-6
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Academic coursework is supplemented with arts education, physical training, life skills coaching, and religious instruction to develop the whole child. Our goal is to provide a supportive and nurturing educational environment that extends beyond the classroom.
Primary (ages 3-6 years)
The Primary classroom uses Montessori materials in the areas of: Sensorial, Practical Life, Mathematics, Language, and Geography. The focus is always on developing the “whole child” through hands-on learning experiences and work that fosters independence. Young children learn through movement, repetition, and social encounters that train them in processes that create success. Jubilee is centered on the Bible; students learn scripture and God’s love for them as the foundation their lives and futures are built upon.
By age 6, Jubilee students are able to: care for themselves and their environment; use the decimal system and basic mathematical operations; identify continents, countries, and cultures around the world; and begin to write in cursive and read independently. Students are moved forward to the Elementary classroom based on readiness evident from scientific observations and records of work along with appropriate socialization skills. Teachers work closely with parents, who are required to participate in Practical Life activities and to observe in the classroom regularly. Fr
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By Frederick H. Lowe
Special to the Trice Edney News Wire from NorthStarNewsToday.com
On Dec. 1, 1955, 61 years ago, Rosa Parks took a seat on a bus and rode into history
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By Frederick H. Lowe
Special to the Trice Edney News Wire from NorthStarNewsToday.com
On Dec. 1, 1955, 61 years ago, Rosa Parks took a seat on a bus and rode into history. That was when Parks, a seamstress in Montgomery, Ala., refused to give up her seat on a bus to a White male passenger as Blacks had been ordered to do.
Police arrested her for violating a city ordinance, and a judge fined her $10 plus a court fee. E. D. Nixon, a Pullman porter and a civil rights leader, bailed her out of jail. Parks’ refusal and arrest sparked the 13-month Montgomery Bus Boycott in which Blacks walked or car pooled to work rather than riding the segregated city’s segregated buses. Blacks paid at the fare box at the front of bus. They then had to get off the bus and walk to the rear of the bus where they entered through the back door to find a seat.
Often bus drivers would speed off before Black customers had time to board. The bus company was owned by a Chicago-based firm that wanted to desegregate the buses because they were losing a lot of money. More than 75 percent of bus riders were African-American. Montgomery’s elected officials said no. The battle was one of the greatest civil rights victories for Black people, catapulting Martin Luther King, Jr., a 25-year-old little-known minister, onto the national stage.
Although Dr. King now is closely associated with the Montgomery Bus Boycott, it was the idea of Jo Ann Gibson Robinson, a professor of English at Alabama State College (now Alabama State University), a historically Black school in Montgomery.
Robinson, her students and the Women’s Political Caucus printed copies on the school’s mimeograph machine, announcing the boycott. They then distributed fliers, which indicated that the bus boycott would begin on Dec. 5, throughout the city.
Robinson wanted to boycott the buses for a day but after one day, it proved so successful, the boycott continued for 381 days, according to the book “The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Women Who Started It: The Memoir of Jo Ann Gibson Robinson.”
The U. S. Supreme Court ruled in November 1956 segregation on public buses was unconstitutional. After the bus boycott, Parks lost her job at a department store, and no one would hire her. She and her husband, Raymond, moved to Detroit where Congressman John Conyers hired her in 1965 as his secretary.
Some in the Black community did not treat Parks very well. In the movie “Barbershop,” her contribution to the civil rights movement was minimized. “All she did was sit down,” said Eddie, a character played by Cedric The Entertainer. Eddie obviously failed to realize what Parks did was dangerous.
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The Discovery Institute is a Seattle-based science research institution as well as conservative think tank. While the institute has multiple areas of focus, including economics, bioethics, and foreign policy, it is most well known for its role as one of the
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The Discovery Institute is a Seattle-based science research institution as well as conservative think tank. While the institute has multiple areas of focus, including economics, bioethics, and foreign policy, it is most well known for its role as one of the major proponents of intelligent design.
Since its foundation in 1994, the Discovery Institute has been at the head of scientific research into anti-Darwinian science through the development of Intelligent Design, which encompasses biology, information theory, statistics, and geology.
Center for Science and Culture
The Center for Science and Culture is a program that encourages schools to improve science education by teaching students more fully about the theory of evolution, as well as supporting the work of scholars who challenge various aspects of neo-Darwinian theory and scholars who are working on the scientific theory known as intelligent design.
In addition to scientific research and scholarship, the Center's Evolution News and Views blog presents analysis of that relevant news coverage, as well as original reporting that accurately delivers information about the current state of the debate over Darwinian evolution.
A related website, intelligentdesign.org provides up-to-date information and learning resources.
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Statistics from Altmetric.com
Editor,—The last decade has seen a lowering of the Australian community's acceptance of smoking in public places.1-3 International research investigating compliance with smoking restrictions in public places is scarce, however. An Australian study evaluated
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Statistics from Altmetric.com
Editor,—The last decade has seen a lowering of the Australian community's acceptance of smoking in public places.1-3 International research investigating compliance with smoking restrictions in public places is scarce, however. An Australian study evaluated compliance with legislation introduced in the Australian Capital Territory in 1994.4This study measured the level of compliance by businesses with legislation prohibiting smoking in public places and found that, while only 22% of 938 businesses surveyed complied fully with the signage requirements of the legislation, evidence of smoking occurred in only 5% of the premises reviewed. The study found that successful implementation of non-smoking legislation was facilitated by awareness of the legislation by both customers and business managers, strong public support for the legislation, and targeted information.4
A US study examining the degree of compliance with smoke free legislation in retail stores and shopping malls found that compliance by shoppers was linked to the display of no smoking signs and to employees being well informed about the legislation.5A Spanish study found that a warning was given by an employee or member of the community in only 17% of places where a volunteer lit a cigarette in a non-smoking public area.6 The presence of signs banning smoking was associated with a greater frequency of warnings.
We sought to evaluate the frequency and nature of reactions to simulated violations of smoking regulations in enclosed shopping centres in central Sydney, Australia, and two more affluent areas in north and east Sydney in 1998-99.
Shopping centres with an existing non-smoking policy and which were centrally managed were eligible for the study. The simulated breaches of smoking policies involved unobtrusively dressed volunteers lighting a cigarette and allowing it to burn for five minutes. An observer noted the number and type of non-smoking signs and level of activity around the smoker. When a reaction occurred, the type and nature of the reaction was recorded. A multiple logistic regression was performed to identify associations between a reaction and the study factors: area of Sydney, type of signs, level of activity, smoker's age, and sex.
A total of 99 simulations were carried out in 44 shopping centres, 93 of these by female smokers aged in their late 20s. Twenty nine (29%) simulations resulted in a reaction: 5 (5%) were verbal, 18 (18%) were a hostile look, 3 (3%) were abrupt movements away, and 3 (3%) were other types of reactions (for example, fanning of the air). Men and women reacted with equal frequency. The majority of the verbal responses were made by security guards (60%), while customers were more likely to respond with a hostile look rather than a verbal response.
Table 1 shows that the highest rate of reaction occurred in the affluent north Sydney (44%), with 17% and 19% of the simulations occurring in central and eastern Sydney, respectively, resulting in a reaction. A significant trend was found for an increased reaction rate when the centres were busier (χ2 = 4.75, p = 0.03).
The smoking simulations resulte
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Testing yourself for HIV is important for your health, your relationships, your life and your future.
The growth of new infections continues to pose serious health risks. According to the CDC, today in the U.S. 1.2MM people are
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Testing yourself for HIV is important for your health, your relationships, your life and your future.
The growth of new infections continues to pose serious health risks. According to the CDC, today in the U.S. 1.2MM people are infected with HIV. 20% of those infected are unaware of their HIV status. Those undiagnosed 20% are responsible for up to 70% of the new infections each year in the United States.
The fact is that HIV is preventable, and you can reduce or eliminate your risk. And early detection can lead to early treatment and better outcomes. Many people live long, normal lives with early detection and proper care, because the advancements in HIV options have been significant.
How often you should get tested for HIV depends on your circumstances. If you have never been tested
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Someone said ‘Aim for the stars and maybe you will reach the sky’. While it is good to be ambitious one should always remain realistic. Having strech goals is fine, infact it is good to have goals which test your limits,
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Someone said ‘Aim for the stars and maybe you will reach the sky’. While it is good to be ambitious one should always remain realistic. Having strech goals is fine, infact it is good to have goals which test your limits, but after giving a good thought to your goals you should feel confident about achieving them.
So how do we set goals which are realistic. In order to set realistic goals, a proper evaluation of the current situation, the desired result, the assumptions taken, the environmental constraints, all should be taken into consideration. And here is what we can do.
Evaluate your strengths and weaknesses : Figure out how you will leverage your strenghts and how you will overcome your shortcomings so that you are able to achieve your goal. Put your plans on paper and ensure they are realistic and not overly optimistic.
Evaluate the constrints : Every goal is bound by constraints of time and resources. You can only spend as much time on your goals as is permitted by your personal and work life. Your expenditure on your goal is also limited by the amount of resources you can risk on your goal. Analyse how much time your goal will need and how much time you can create for the goal. See to it that your resource needs for the goal is not more than what you generate or risk.
Watch for risks : Do a risk analysis, and prepare a list of risks which can derail your march to achieving your goal successfully. For each risk, have a mitigation plan and a contingency plan in place.
Evaluate environmental factors : Evaluate if your family, friends or society will in any way hinder your work towards your goal. If yes, then what can you do to either overcome it or somehow bypass it, so that it poses no searious threat to your achievement of the goal.
Having taken care of the above will make you feel confident about achieving your goal which is the most important thing you would need to begin working on your goal.
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DENTAL PROBLEMS AND DISEASES
Acid damage Teeth. Gum Disease, Gingivitis and Periodontitis.
Dental problems and diseases may affect the teeth, the gums, or other tissues and parts of the mouth
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DENTAL PROBLEMS AND DISEASES
Acid damage Teeth. Gum Disease, Gingivitis and Periodontitis.
Dental problems and diseases may affect the teeth, the gums, or other tissues and parts of the mouth. Dental diseases can cause much more serious problems than a toothache. They can affect our ability to chew, smile, or speak properly. Their severity may range from a simple aphthous ulcer, to a common tooth cavity, or up to oral cancer. Tooth decay and Gum disease are two of the most common diseases. The first signs of Caries can be milky white areas on the teeth or along the gumline.
Infractions - invisible cracks in the teeth
Infractions (cracks) in the teeth is a common problem and who daily dealt with the country's dental clinics. One can see cracks in that you can not really chew with the tooth. If you hit the hard core, it hurt. The tooth is often thermal-sensitive. Why do teeth crack? Cracks appear on the load and therefore molars most vulnerable. Cracks are often seen in teeth with large fillings. Dental caries and large old fillings weaken the tooth's strength and structure, combined with prolonged chewing load and possible grinding of teeth to form a very fine crack (fracture), which as a rule is deleted from the bottom of the infill. Cuts or pushes you turn, there's a risk you can get cracks that cause symptoms. Teeth grinding increases the pressure on small and large molars with 2-300 percent. It may therefore be advantageous using the bite rails at night if you frequently grind their teeth. The best treatment of a tooth with Infractions will often be a crown treatment, so chewing movements pushing the tooth as a whole, rather than splitting it apart. Often tries to glue the crack together, but chewing movements are so extremely violent that to glue the crack in many cases would only be a stopgap. As often is the correct treatment, the tooth gets applied to a tooth crown.
If the problem is not treated will crack in the tooth to continue to spread, like a crack in the glass. In some cases, the crack running all the way to the tooth surface and a piece of dental breaking off. The crack may also extending down to the deep tooth root, and sometimes directly into the site and nerve. Teeth which can be felt in months stable, even if they are present
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Latest posts by Elinor Hawkes (see all)
- 50 years ago today: celebrating the anniversary of ‘Sergeant Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band’ - May 31, 2017
- Early Arabic Printed Books from
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Latest posts by Elinor Hawkes (see all)
- 50 years ago today: celebrating the anniversary of ‘Sergeant Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band’ - May 31, 2017
- Early Arabic Printed Books from the British Library: Literature, Grammar, Language, Catalogues and Periodicals - December 7, 2016
- Bicycle Races are Coming Your Way: following the Tour de France in Artemis Primary Sources - July 20, 2016
- Here Comes the Sun King: finding Louis XIV in State Papers Online - June 8, 2016
- In Secret Kept, In Silence Sealed: revealing the hidden texts in Early Arabic Printed Books from the British Library - June 1, 2016
Towards the end of the nineteenth century, the East End of London was terrorised by a series of gruesome murders at the hands of the notorio
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Synchronous motor always runs at constant synchronous speed irrespective of the load and variable power factor operation. As seen earlier its power factor can be controlled by controlling its excitation. For over-excitation its power factor is leading in nature, which is very
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Synchronous motor always runs at constant synchronous speed irrespective of the load and variable power factor operation. As seen earlier its power factor can be controlled by controlling its excitation. For over-excitation its power factor is leading in nature, which is very important from the power factor correction point of view.
Applications of Synchronous Motors
We use synchronous motors where we need almost constant speed in the operation.So applications of synchronous motors list goes like this, we use them in,
- Machine tools,
- Motor generator sets,
- Synchronous clocks,
- Stroboscopic devices,
- Timing devices,
- Belt driven reciprocating compressors,
- Fans and blowers,
- Centrifugal pumps,
- Vacuum pumps,
- Pulp grinders,
- Textile mills,
- Paper mills line shafts,
- Rolling mills,
- Cement mills etc.
Some more uses of synchronous motors:
Not only for the above purposes we also use synchronous motors for power factor correction.You might have known about synchronous condenser[If not read here].Also used as phase advancers and phase modifiers for voltage regulation of the transmission lines. This is possible because the excitation of the synchronous motor can be adjusted as per the requirement.
Disadvantages of synchronous motor :
The disadvantages of synchronous motor are their higher cost, necessity of frequent maintenance and a need of d.c. excitation source, auxiliary device or additional winding provision to make it self starting. Overall their initial cost is very high.
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68 страниц. 2012 год. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing Almost all doctors including clinicians need to have an idea about the principles of management. Most doctors have the responsibility for using of resources; leading teams or are involved in the supervision of colleagues.
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68 страниц. 2012 год. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing Almost all doctors including clinicians need to have an idea about the principles of management. Most doctors have the responsibility for using of resources; leading teams or are involved in the supervision of colleagues. In addition most doctors work in managed systems. Doctors are both managers and are managed. Doctors use resources and play a role in setting priorities, developing policies and making other management decisions. In addition many doctors are working as mange
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Home for Midland K-12
American History Comes to Life
West Lenexa church member Gene Sellow spent his childhood in the segregated south during the 1940s. He spent two February class periods sharing his experiences with Mr.
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Home for Midland K-12
American History Comes to Life
West Lenexa church member Gene Sellow spent his childhood in the segregated south during the 1940s. He spent two February class periods sharing his experiences with Mr. Vollmer's American History class. It's another example of how Midland teachers enrich classroom learning with examples from the world outside the classroom.
Here's how some of the students responded:
- It is inspiring to know that through all he has been through, he found God.
- It was good hearing from someone who lived in that time period. He explained how life was for African-Americans, which was very different than it is today. It was great hearing from him.
- I liked his story about the guy who turned on the lights.
- I really appreciated Mr. Sellow coming
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Dogs are infected with heartworms when they are bitten by an infected mosquito. There is no way to detect that a mosquito carries the heartworm larvae, so prevention is key to keep your dog safe. Easy and inexpensive to prevent but costly
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Dogs are infected with heartworms when they are bitten by an infected mosquito. There is no way to detect that a mosquito carries the heartworm larvae, so prevention is key to keep your dog safe. Easy and inexpensive to prevent but costly and, possibly deadly to treat, every dog owner should take the threat seriously.
Once a dog is bitten by an infected mosquito, the larvae mature into adults within seven months. They then lodge in the heart, lungs, and surrounding blood vessels and begin reproducing. Adult worms can grow up to 12 inches in length, can live 5-7 years, and a dog can have as many as 250 worms in its system.
Mature heartworms damage the heart and blood vessels, and if left untreated, the dog faces a good chance of dying.
The drug that is used to treat heartworm is called Immiticide. It's an injectable, arsenic-based product. The dog is given two or three injections that will kill the adult heartworms in the blood vessels of the heart. The typical treatment cost is $1000 but recent shortages of Immiticide have made it even more costly and difficult to treat.
After treatment, the worms begin to die. And as they die, they break up into pieces, which can cause a blockage of the pulmonary vessels and cause death. It is vital that the dog is kept quiet during the treatment and then for several months afterward. Studies have shown that most of the dogs that die after heartworm treatment do so because the owners let them exercise. It's not due to the drug itself.
For less than a weekly trip to Starbucks, dogs can receive the necessary prevention of heartworms. A year's supply of heartworm preventative will cost about $35 to $80, depending on a dog's weight. Commonly used heartworm preventatives include Heartgard, Heartgard Plus, Interceptor, and Iverhart. For the best protection, veterinarians recommend that dogs receive preventative all year-round, not just in the warm, summer months.
When a dog is protected and is bitten by an infected mosquito, the larvae is immediately killed and prevented from forming into an adult making it a safe, guaranteed way to protect your pet. If you are not currently giving your dog preventative, please contact your vet to begin the process of assuring your dog the longest, healthiest life possible.
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Important Parent Involvement Strategies That Will Guarantee Your Child Will Never Be Bullied!
This coming school year numerous students will step onto a school campus hoping they will not be one of the 77% of students that where bullied during the past year
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Important Parent Involvement Strategies That Will Guarantee Your Child Will Never Be Bullied!
This coming school year numerous students will step onto a school campus hoping they will not be one of the 77% of students that where bullied during the past year. Research showsthat more cyber bullying is on an up rise and may be worst nextschool year.
“This is a tragedy,” says Jamahl Keyes, a Character Development expert, Teacher Professional Development Trainer and Parent Involvement program speaker. Parents can implementa few approaches toguarantee their students will not be one of the 77% nationwide being bullied during the entireschool year.
Here areJamahl Keyes, Character Development expert, Teacher Professional Development Trainer and Parent Involvement program speakers Three Parent Strategies That Will Guarantee Your son or daughterWill Never Be Bullied:
Communicate: It is crucialfor parents to communicate with their child at the outset of the school year. Ask them how was their day? If they say it was a good day ask why, if they say it was a bad day ask why. Communicating withyour child daily will help them communicate with you when the going gets tough, it will also help you as a parent to get to know your child better.
Evaluate: Evaluate what your son or daughtermay be trying to say to you. Are they trying to answer your questionsquickly because they don’t know what to say or even know how to express themselves.
Demonstrate: You have toalways understand thatyour son or daughter learns how to react to things by the way you demonstrate your reactions to things that happen each and every day.
Jamahl Keyes, has presented these Parent Involvement techniques toparent groups and schools everywhere.
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Everybody hates math (including me, of course (T_T)) except for the math wizards. Of course, we have nothing to do about it because we are surrounded by mathematical concepts from time, date, even money – we’re surrounded by numbers
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Everybody hates math (including me, of course (T_T)) except for the math wizards. Of course, we have nothing to do about it because we are surrounded by mathematical concepts from time, date, even money – we’re surrounded by numbers, and we can go on with it somehow.
Image courtesy of golexia.com
Yeah, number and symbol salad, eh?
However, there are some people who are dreaded by the very sight of plain numbers. This doesn’t necessarily mean phobia in numbers. This means they can’t even solve a simple equation like 5 + 2. They can’t read numbers very well. This condition is called dyscalculia.
What is dyscalculia?
Dyscalculia is the difficulty in learning or comprehending arithmetic, such as difficulty in understanding numbers, learning how to manipulate numbers, and learning facts in Mathematics.
It is brain-based condition that makes it hard to make sense of numbers. It is also known as math dyslexia. In short, it is the difficulty in number reading, just like in dyslexia where there is difficulty in letter reading.
For a dyscalculic (person with dyscalculia), he or she can’t grasp basic number concepts. They work hard to learn and memorize basic number facts. Usually, they fail to understand the concept of “number sense,” which is an intuitive understanding of how numbers work, and how to compare and estimate quantities on a number line. Most researchers agree that number sense is at the core of math learning. If kids don’t understand the basics about how numbers work, learning math and using it every day can be very frustrating.
What numbers? I can’t understand them!
How common is dyscalculia?
The World Health Organization and DSM both agree it’s a real developmental disorder that affects approximately 1 in 20 people. This means that dyscalculia can be quite as common as dyslexia; the problem is, dyscalculia is a lesser known condition (what the heck, almost all of us hate math) maybe due to lack of researches.
What causes dyscalculia?
There is no known cause of dyscalculia. Scientists have yet to understand its causes. Some factors might contribute to dyscalculia:
Neurological: Dyscalculia has been associated with lesions to brain such as the Brodmann area 40 and angular gyrus at the junction between the temporal and parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex(on the parietal lobe of the brain, which is at the center).
Deficits in working memory: Adams and Hitch argue that working memory is a major factor in mental addition. From this base, Geary conducted a study that suggested there was a working memory deficit for those who suffered from dyscalculia.
Short-term memory being disturbed or reduced, making it difficult to remember calculations.
Congenital or hereditary disorders.
Gerstmann syndrome: dyscalculia is one of a constellation of symptoms acquired after damage to the angular gyrus.
Involvement of the intraparietal sulcus (lateral or side surface of the parietal lobe).
What are symptoms of dyscalculia?
General symptoms include:
Shows difficulty understanding concepts of place value, and quantity, number lines, positive and negative value, carrying and borrowing
Has difficulty understanding and doing word problems
Has difficulty sequencing information or events
Exhibits difficulty using steps involved in math operations
Shows difficulty understanding fractions
Is challenged making change and handling money
Displays difficulty recognizing patterns when adding, subtracting, multiplying, or dividing
Has difficulty putting language to math processes
Has difficulty understanding concepts related to time such as days, weeks, months, seasons, quarters, etc.
Exhibits difficulty organizing problems on the page, keeping numbers lined up, following through on long division problems
Other symptoms include:
Difficulty reading analog clocks
Difficulty stating which of two numbers is larger
Inability to comprehend financial planning or budg
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We have continued our theme on farms and animals on the farm. The students that we can get more than just food from farms but we can also get wool from sheep to make clothes. Then for read aloud time we read story Woolbur. We
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We have continued our theme on farms and animals on the farm. The students that we can get more than just food from farms but we can also get wool from sheep to make clothes. Then for read aloud time we read story Woolbur. We created a Venn Diagram comparing the story to a previous story we read during our National Geographic Cengage Reading block time.
We wrote about what makes us special and unique and made an art project to make us colorful like Woolbur and his friends. Students really enjoyed showing of their own unique creativity!
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Wetlands Planning for the State of Georgia: A Watershed Demonstration Project
Canalos, Christopher G.
MetadataShow full item record
Among the projects funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's State Wetland Planning Grant Program
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Wetlands Planning for the State of Georgia: A Watershed Demonstration Project
Canalos, Christopher G.
MetadataShow full item record
Among the projects funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's State Wetland Planning Grant Program, Watershed Demonstration Projects provide the opportunity to protect water resources through the planning process where the planning unit is not necessarily a political unit. Counties in the state of Georgia, as elsewhere, are often bounded by streams. When the planning unit is the county, or groups of counties as with the Regional Development Centers in Georgia, it may be difficult to bring together in any single plan all land-uses that may impact water quality in a stream that forms the boundary between planning units. This project demonstrates the construction of a database for land use planning for the watersheds of two reservoirs in Georgia.
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Staggering atoms sober up in physics detox cell
Using an entirely new technology, a research team from Umeå University in Sweden has succeeded in controlling and converting energy from the random movement of atoms.
“You could say that we have found a
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Staggering atoms sober up in physics detox cell
Using an entirely new technology, a research team from Umeå University in Sweden has succeeded in controlling and converting energy from the random movement of atoms.
“You could say that we have found a detox cell where drunken atoms can sober up,” says physicist Peder Sjölund. The findings are being published in the journal Physical Review Letters.
We are surrounded by random, staggering, movements. We don’t notice it, but particles collide with each other in an uncontrolled manner in the air we breathe and in the milk we drink, for instance. This is called Brownian movement. This random movement also functions as an energy reservoir. This is something that is utilized by various systems, such as when proteins are transported in the body, so-called Brownian motors.
The Umeå scientists have developed an advanced laser technique for studying and controlling these movements. The staggering movements of atoms in a field of light can be captured in a type of detox cell made up of laser beams, where they can sober up. The staggering movement is converted there to movement in a specific direction.
“We can control this movement in three dimensions in regard to both velocity and direction,” says Peder Sjölund.
This technology will be able to provide new knowledge about how energy in living cells is converted from chemical energy to movement in molecular motors that are transported in cells. The underlying principle is very general and can also be applied in nanotechnology and for transporting information in super-rapid calculations in quantum computers, for example.
It may be utopian to be able to offer people access to free and inexhaustible energy by converting energy with this technology, and this will certainly not become a reality in our lifetime. Nevertheless, the Umeå scientists have shown that it is possible, though only in tiny systems.
Karin Wikman | alfa
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Aluminum is well-suited for many industrial applications, because it's light, strong, conductive and inexpensive. It's not the easiest metal to seal, however. When it's welded, aluminum often loses strength and becomes susceptible to corrosion.
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Aluminum is well-suited for many industrial applications, because it's light, strong, conductive and inexpensive. It's not the easiest metal to seal, however. When it's welded, aluminum often loses strength and becomes susceptible to corrosion. To prevent these issues from arising, you can solder aluminum seals using ultrasonic welding and an inert gas.
Aluminum Can't Withstand High Temperatures
All aluminum can be categorized into two classifications: cold-worked and heat-treatable. Lincoln Electric explains that cold-worked aluminum is strengthened at cool temperatures and never exposed to heat, and heat-treatable aluminum is tempered at increasingly high temperatures, up to 400°F.
Even though heat-treatable aluminum is made to withstand higher temperatures than cold-worked aluminum, neither will stand up to welding temperatures. For instance, GoWelding.org notes that an arc can reach up to 11,000°F -- much hotter than 400°F. At temperatures above 400°F, aluminum will retain its form but quickly weaken.
You may be able to weld two pieces of aluminum together using heat and form a decent seal. The aluminum pieces that were bonded, though, will not be as strong as they were originally made to be, though.
Ultrasonic Welding Doesn't Use Heat
Unlike generic welding, ultrasonic welding doesn't use heat to bond two materials. Instead, the pieces are fused together using sound. HowStuffWorks details the process of converting electricity into high-frequency sound and then directing the sound waves at the materials being bonded. The sound energy seals materials together that can't withstand high temperatures.
Ultrasonic welding is often used to bond plastics. Since it doesn't require heat, plastics that would otherwise melt can be welded together using this technique. Sound waves can also be used to weld aluminum seals without damaging the aluminum pieces being fused together.
Inert Gasses Shield Aluminum from Oxides
Because ultrasonic welding doesn't heat up a gas, it's important to shield your aluminum pieces with an inert gas. It the aluminum's sealed in atmospheric conditions, oxygen in the atmosphere could cause the aluminum to corrode. Oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can react and form oxides that can be
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The good, the bad and chronic hepatitisJuly 31, 2012 in Medicine & Health / Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes
Today is World Hepatitis Day and it brings good news and bad news. The bad news is that hepatitis
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The good, the bad and chronic hepatitisJuly 31, 2012 in Medicine & Health / Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes
Today is World Hepatitis Day and it brings good news and bad news. The bad news is that hepatitis is still a serious condition which affects nearly 400,000 Australians putting them on a course to serious liver disease. The good news is that treatment is now less invasive, of shorter duration, much more effectiveand diagnosis doesnt involve humongous needles, says Dr Nick Shackel from the Centenary Institute.
With hepatitis C, he says, the problem is that although, you are more likely to die with the virus, not from the virus we still cannot predict those people who will do badly.
His research into the genes that are triggered when hepatitis strikes, should improve things further by allowing better and earlier understanding of the likely course of the disease in individual patients.
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by infection with a virus. The virus types B and C that lead to chronic conditions are the most common causes of liver scarring or cirrhosis and liver cancer.
Those diagnosed with the virus usually visit their doctors complaining of extreme tiredness. The disease is picked up through a routine blood test, and they are then referred to a specialist.
In the past, assessment of the severity of the disease involved a biopsyextracting a small piece of liver tissue with a needle. But nowadays, this can be done quickly and painlessly by means of an ultrasound, known as Fibroscan, which probes the livers stiffness, says Dr Shackel, who is also a senior staff specialist at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital.
Under the latest treatment regimes, Hepatitis C virus can be cleared using drugs from better than 80 per cent of people within six months to a year. And there are new treatments on the horizon which may bring that down to less than 20 weeks, says Dr Shackel.
Hepatitis B is also treated with drugs for at least six months and often over many years. But it demands ongoing management, because once infected, you never get rid of it. While the treatment is effective, says Dr Shackel, I tell my patients, Youll always have the virus but we can control it. Understanding when to start, stop and change treatments in individual patients with hepatitis B is one of the major problems with this disease,
In the laboratory, he is working to change this, searching for protein markers, which can be used to predict the progress of the disease. In future, he hopes, doctors will be able to sort out those patients likely to develop cirrhosis or liver cancer from those whose condition will take a milder course. At that point, therapy can be personalised.
We should be able to provide the minimum treatment for the maximum response. And that will not only provide hepatitis patients with a better quality of life, but also will save money and medical resources.
Dr Shackels commitment to liver research is matched by his University of Sydney PhD student Wil DAvigdor, who is currently somewhere between London and Ulaanbaatar in the 2012 Mongol Rallyrisking life and limb to raise money for liver research at the Institute. At the Centenary Institute he studies the genetics of hepatitis C.
There is currently no vaccine for hepatitis C and it infects up to 300 million people worldwide, including more than 10% of the people of Mongolia.
World Hepatitis Day is organised by the World Hepatitis Alliance, a global voice for the 500 million people worldwide living with chronic viral hepatitis B or C. Follow them at @Hep_Alliance. More information at worldhepatitisalliance.org.
Provided by Science in Public
"The good, the bad and chronic hepatitis" July 31, 2012 https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-07-good-bad-chronic-hepatitis.html
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April 14, 2013
There are 100 prisoners in a line. They can only look forward and can see everyone in front of them (for example, prisoner 100 can see prisoners 1 to 99 while prisoner 1
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April 14, 2013
There are 100 prisoners in a line. They can only look forward and can see everyone in front of them (for example, prisoner 100 can see prisoners 1 to 99 while prisoner 1 can see nobody). A guard puts either a white hat or a black hat on each of the prisoners in such a way that they do not know their own hat color. They are then asked to guess which color hat they are wearing starting with prisoner 100. If correct, the prisoner is released. What should prisoner 100 say to ensure that at least 99 prisoners get released?
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Thuridarbud is a replica of the former fishermen’s accommodations and storage space, which depicts a part of the work conditions of the fishermen and named after the only female foreman in Iceland. The original hut stood near the replica. Thurid
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Thuridarbud is a replica of the former fishermen’s accommodations and storage space, which depicts a part of the work conditions of the fishermen and named after the only female foreman in Iceland. The original hut stood near the replica. Thuridur (1777-1863) started her courier as an apprentice on her father’s boat when she was eleven. At seventeen, she was a fully paid seaman on her brother’s boat.
She continued her courier, mostly as a foreman on the boats until 1843 and was well appreciated and popular among the seamen. She usually wore men’s clothing with the official permission of the county sheriff. There were dozens of such abodes as Thuridarbud scattered along t
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The Empty Place
A Child's Guide Through Grief
by Dr. Roberta Temes
illustrated by Kim Carlisle
When a nine-year-old boy's beloved big sister dies, he is confused, angry and fearful. For the
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The Empty Place
A Child's Guide Through Grief
by Dr. Roberta Temes
illustrated by Kim Carlisle
When a nine-year-old boy's beloved big sister dies, he is confused, angry and fearful. For the first time, he must face the finality of death and the pain of loss. His parents, also grieving, seem distant, until a counselor teaches them all how to cope and heal.
"The simple story rings true... For teachers, parents
and counselors looking for a way to reach a grieving child."
— Detroit Free Press
*A McNaughton Book
*A Parent Council Ltd. selection
Roberta Temes, Ph.D., a noted psychologist, teaches Psychiatry at State University of New York in Brooklyn and practices privately in New York City.
A Small Horizons "Let's Talk" Release
7 1/2 x 8 1/2, 48 pages/30 illustrations
LC #92-60613, world rights
ISBN-13: 978-0-88282-118-4 (pb), $8.95
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Radiomitigating compounds that can protect mice from lethal doses of irradiation are reported in Nature Communications this week. With further development, the work could potentially lead to new measures to counter radiation terrorism, or to protect normal tissues from ionizing irradi
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Radiomitigating compounds that can protect mice from lethal doses of irradiation are reported in Nature Communications this week. With further development, the work could potentially lead to new measures to counter radiation terrorism, or to protect normal tissues from ionizing irradiation during clinical radiotherapy.
Ionizing radiation induces cell death and is currently used positively in medical applications, such as bone marrow transplantation, where some protective measures are employed against unwanted damage to cells. However, in uncontrolled situations of exposure to radiation, such as during terrorist attacks or exposure of flight crews during extended space missions, the development of protective measures is lagging behind.
Valerian Kagan and co-workers designed and produced oleic and stearic acid derivatives that target mitochondria and inhibit pro-apoptotic oxidative events which lead to cell death. By administering these derivativ
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diabetes is a dreadful disease that requires much care and attention. Although this disease is incurable, you can certainly control it by following a diabetes diet health plan. Type II diabetes is found in adults which is mainly caused due to genetics. Neg
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diabetes is a dreadful disease that requires much care and attention. Although this disease is incurable, you can certainly control it by following a diabetes diet health plan. Type II diabetes is found in adults which is mainly caused due to genetics. Negligence towards this disease can result in severe health hazards and thus one need to take efforts to fight this illness. The type II diabetes diet health plan will differ from person to person depending upon his body type. Always cross check with your doctor or dietitian before trying out any diet health plan.
When it comes to following a type II diabetes diet health plan, you have to restrict the intake of carbohydrates. Carbohydrates being the main source of glucose, you need to take it in small quantity. Complex carbohydrates are healthy and can be included in a diabetic diet, as it gets converted into starch and slowly converts into glucose. Complex carbohydrates can be found in whole grains. Include brown bread, brown cooked rice, vegetables, beans, and nuts in your diet to obtain complex carbohydrates. Fatty food should be avoided by a diabetic; however, you would need to have it in your diet in small amounts. Peanut butter and margarine is recommended by way of fats. Spread it on 2 slices of brown bread and have it for breakfast.
A diabetic person needs to follow a balanced diet that aims at maintaining the blood sugar levels. A thorough knowledge of the various food groups will help you plan your own meals. Meal planning plays as important role when it comes to drafting a diet health plan for type 2 diabetes. Include fresh fruits and vegetables in your diet. 2 servings of fruit and 3 servings of vegetables is healthy on a daily basis. Type 2 diabetes diet health plan should consist of yoghurt, sour cream, or skimmed milk once a day.
Meat in small servings is considered to be good for a diabetic diet. Chicken or turkey breast in small proportion is good. Mix it up with cucumber, onions, lettuce, broccoli and carrots to prepare a delicious yet a healthy salad. A bowl of pasta made from whole grains is healthy too. You can find the essential nutrients in brown rice or even brown bread. Fish and eggs are good source of proteins and vitamins. Including them in your diabetic diet is a good decision. You can cook eggs in different styles and have them in any of your meals.
There is good news for diabetics who love to binge in sweets. You can now enjoy your favorite sweets made from artificial sweeteners that contain zero calories. Splenda is a good substitute for sugar. You can try out cakes and cookies with these artificial sweeteners. However, overeating of these sweets is not good for your health. Limited intake of every food item proves healthy and does not affect our blood sugar levels.
When it comes to planning your type II diabetes diet health plan do consult a dietitian, doctor or nutrition expert and prepare a type 2 dia
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"Booms, Bubbles, Busts, Depressions, Recessions and Panics: A History of American Financial Crises"
Description: New England folklorist and economic historian John Horrigan presents a chronology of recess
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"Booms, Bubbles, Busts, Depressions, Recessions and Panics: A History of American Financial Crises"
Description: New England folklorist and economic historian John Horrigan presents a chronology of recessions, bank crashes, slides, panics and manias in American finance including: The South Sea Bubble, The Mississippi Land Scheme, the Darien Scheme, The Financial Crisis of 1785, Canal Mania and Duer's Panic of 1792, The Panic of 1797, The Panic of 1807, The Panic of 1819, The Panic of 1825, The Jacksonian Financial Crisis of 1837, The Financial Crisis of 1847, The Western Blizzard Panic of 1857, The Financial Crisis of 1860, The Silver Panic of 1866, The Panic of 1869, The Panic of 1873, The Financial Crisis of 1878, Grant's Last Panic of 1884, The Panic of 1890, The Silver Panic of 1896, The Panic of 1901, The Panic of 1907, The Financial Crisis of 1920, The Crash of 1929, The Great Depression, The Panic of 1937, The 1953 Recession, The 1958 Recession, The Kennedy Slide of 1962, The Johnson Erosion of 1966, The 1967 Oil Embargo, The 1973 Oil Crisis, The 1979 Energy Crisis, The Recession of 1982-83, Black Monday (October 19, 1987), The Junk Bond Recession (1988-92), The Third Energy Crisis (1990), Black Wednesday (1992), The Mini Crash of October 27, 1997, The Slide of '98, The Dot Com Bubble (2001), The 9/11 Slide, The Emerging Markets Correction of May, 2006, The Great Stock Market Draw Down (August, 2007), The Grand Dow Slide of October 19, 2007, The Mortgage Crisis (2008) and The Great Humbling (2009 - 2012). Horrigan puts these economic troughs in a cyclical historical perspective and also equates them with their subsequent booms.
Fueled by massive investment, the South Sea Company tried to corner the trade market in South America in the early 1720's. It collapsed and a financial panic ensued.
As a secretary to the Board of Treasury, William Duer had made his fortune in land and speculating on the Revolutionary War debt. His exploits failed. This caused a financial panic in 1792.
The Panic of 1819 was the first major financial crisis to hit the United States and caused widespread foreclosures, bank failures, unemployment, and a slump in agriculture and manufacturing.
Speculative investments in Latin America (especially in the fabled imaginary country of Poyais) caused the Panic of 1825.
The Panic of 1837 was built on a speculative fever. The bubble burst on May 10, 1837 in New York City, when every bank stopped payment in gold and silver. A five-year depression followed.
The Panic of 1847 was a result of the end of the 1840s railroad boom.
The Panic of 1857 occurred after a loss of confidence in an Ohio bank and subsequently spread as railroads failed. It was followed by widespread protests.
'Black Friday' (also known as the Fisk-Gould scandal) was a financial panic caused by speculatorsí attempts to corner the gold market on the New York Gold Exchange.
The Panic of 1884 happened during the Recession of 1882-85 when European gold reserves were exhausted and the New York City national bank called in outstanding loans.
High tariffs and currency issues caused "The Cleveland Ordeal" that lasted from 1893 through 1895.
The Panic of 1896 was a slight depression in the United States that was caused by a drop in silver reserves and concerns on the effects it would have on the gold standard.
The Northern Pacific Corner occurred when Northern Pacific Railroad stock was quoted at $150.00 a share on May 6th, 1901 and was traded as much as $1,000.00 a share behind the scenes.
The 1907 Bankers' Panic was a financial crisis that was precipitated when the New York Stock Exchange fell close to 50% from its peak the previous year.
The Great Depression began after the collapse of stock prices on 'Black Tuesday' (October 29th, 1929) and crippled world economies throughout the next decade.
The Dust Bowl, caused by blowing topsoil after drought conditions persisted in the Midwest, exacerbated the Great Depression.
"The Great Humbling" began in 2008 after a major drawdown in the stock market and a collapse of mortgage companies and major banks.
Recorded on December 30th, 2006 at Watertown, Massachusetts. John reads a very concise history of the DJIA. In 1896, Charles Dow compiled a market index of 12 companies to determine the strength of the stock market and as a barometer of the American economy. It opened in 1896 at 40.94 before dipping to 28.48. Today it sits between 12,000 and 13,000. Running Time is 13 minutes and 23 seconds.
Recorded on January 15th, 2008 at Watertown, Massachusetts. John reads two summaries of the Panic of 1819 which resulted in widespread speculation, inflation and overpricing of commodities after the War of 1812. The unemployment rate in Philadelphia was 75%!
Recorded on January 2nd, 2008 in Watertown, Massachusetts. John reads about Adam Smith's theory of "Laissez-Faire" (government hands-off) which gave birth to modern free capitalism. Running time 5 minutes and 55 seconds.
Recorded on January 15th, 2008 in Boston, Massachusetts. John reads from Wikipedia about rampant speculation and unfettered investment in the South Sea Company in 1720
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by Krista Brumley
Professional women in Mexico have made advances in the workplace. The glass ceiling limits their advancement, however, even when they are “ideal workers” – rational, strong leaders with few familial responsibilities. I conducted 55
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by Krista Brumley
Professional women in Mexico have made advances in the workplace. The glass ceiling limits their advancement, however, even when they are “ideal workers” – rational, strong leaders with few familial responsibilities. I conducted 55 interviews with women and men at a Mexican-owned multinational corporation to understand how employees perceived workplace changes resulting from the increasing demands of a competitive global marketplace.
The company I studied was a paternalistic workplace, with centralized authority, a rigid hierarchy, and traditional views on work and family roles. It offered extensive benefits, including an onsite hospital, daycare, and recreation center, offsite K-12 school, and housing, car, and education loans.
Under the company’s paternalistic work culture, women experienced an impassable, opaque steel ceiling that limited them to low levels and/or forced them out. Whereas men were rewarded with lifelong employment and seniority advancement, women were required to quit if they married or had children.
Women should not take the place of men at work; it was best that the woman was home with her children
When the Mexican economy opened in the 1990s, the company transformed. Employees described the “new work culture” as efficient, collaborative, and competitive. Women could also now keep their jobs after marrying and having children.
Employees talked about tension between the paternalistic and competitive work cultures, and how the company struggled to “become global.” Both women and men described the “ideal worker” as someone who worked long hours and produced results, obtained the right skills and knowledge, and was ambitious. They also believed employees st
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Antioxidants save brain cells from alcohol damage
An artificial antioxidant appears to protect brain cells from the damage caused by alcohol, according to research on rats by an international team.
The study by scientists at Cornell University in New York and the University of
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Antioxidants save brain cells from alcohol damage
An artificial antioxidant appears to protect brain cells from the damage caused by alcohol, according to research on rats by an international team.
The study by scientists at Cornell University in New York and the University of Valencia in Spain, worked with groups of rats, keeping some of them drunk for six weeks. The results appear in this week's issue of the journal, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The scientists, led by Dr Daniel Herrera of Cornell, were testing the theory that neurogenesis - the formation of new brain cells - is disrupted by oxidative damage from alcohol.
Neurogenesis occurs during childhood, but stops in adulthood with the exception of two areas of the brain - the olfactory bulb and the hippocampus, which both produce new neurons throughout life. Tests in the past have shown that if the generation of new neurons on the hippocampus is interrupted, memory problems ensue.
The researchers fed groups of rats either a regular liquid diet or one containing moderate doses of ethanol (pure alcohol). The alcohol diet is used because it replicates the effects of chronic alcoholism in humans, including a decrease in antioxidant enzymes in the body.
Selected rats in each group also received supplemental doses of ebselen, a synthetic antioxi
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Lemonade and Cookies
Students read through an inactive story to investigate the meaning f trade and specialization and the outcomes they have on the world.
3 Views 8 Downloads
New Review Do Your Own Thing Guide for Kids
Inspire scholars to
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Lemonade and Cookies
Students read through an inactive story to investigate the meaning f trade and specialization and the outcomes they have on the world.
3 Views 8 Downloads
New Review Do Your Own Thing Guide for Kids
Inspire scholars to take action into their own hands with a how-to guide for planning and conducting a service learning project. The guide takes pupils through a detailed planning process to guarantee a successful project idea and...
3rd - 7th Social Studies & History
Scurvy at Sea: Researching and Writing About Vitamin C Deficiency
Learners gather information about vitamin C deficiency, and research how scurvy was prevented in sea-going ventures during The Age of Sail. They create a "Scurvy Log" that will allow them to connect what they have learned about scurvy...
5th - 6th English Language Arts
Giving Game: Pass It On!
Learners explore acts of kindness and learn about serial reciprocity. In this kindness lesson, students visit a website to learn the lyrics to "Chain of Love." Learners work in groups to discuss three stories about kindness. Students...
10th - Higher Ed English Language Arts
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While it is common to think there is nothing that be done about memory loss, that is not true. There are steps you can take that will help. There are some very clever tasks you can do to help your memory. Keep reading for some
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While it is common to think there is nothing that be done about memory loss, that is not true. There are steps you can take that will help. There are some very clever tasks you can do to help your memory. Keep reading for some clever tips.
When trying to commit a large amount of information to memory, having several shorter study sessions is significantly better than having one long study session. The reason for this is that it takes several separate instances of reviewing the material in order to commit the material to long term memory. Holding the information in long term memory will allow you to more readily recall the information than if it was stored in short term memory.
It is important that you take steps to keep your memory in shape throughout the years. Diet is crical in this regard. It has been shown that getting enough folic acid in your diet can help fight memory loss. Foods rich in folic acid include many beans and legumes, leafy greens, fortified bread and cereals, citrus juices and more.
If you're a student trying to boost your memory for a test, the worst thing you can do is cram. Attempting to learn so much in too little time will not allow you to retain anything at all. You will only grasp bits of pieces of the material and will not be able to properly learn what you need to.
Try to stay away from pills that promise to help improve your memory. Most of the time, these pills are not effective and could cause you physical problems. Instead, you may want to look into supplements like Niacin, Thiamine, and Vitamin B-6. They all help to improve the part of the brain that deals with memory.
To remember things like turning off the water, place some object that will remind you in a place where you are likely to trip over it! If you have left the sprinklers on for half an hour while you go inside to eat, put your garden gloves in the kitchen sink or some other unlikely place. This will remind you to turn off the water!
In order to improve your memory, you may want to consider taking ginseng. The ingredients in ginseng have shown to assist the brain in helping to consume and hold information. There are also health benefits to consuming ginseng. You also want to consider adding green tea to your diet as well, as it is also proven to help you retain information.
To help improve how quickly something is stored in your memory, take the time to bucket the information first.
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While grabbing its first scoop of Martian soil, the Curiosity rover team spotted something that was not supposed to be there: a bright object on the ground. What is it? NASA scientists don't know yet.
The image — taken by the right
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While grabbing its first scoop of Martian soil, the Curiosity rover team spotted something that was not supposed to be there: a bright object on the ground. What is it? NASA scientists don't know yet.
The image — taken by the right mast camera during the mission's 61st Martian day — shows Curiosity's robotic arm scoop full of sand and dust, waiting to be deposited inside its analysis unit. But after looking closer at the photo, someone noticed the unusual bright spot on the ground.
The scooping operation was then halted and the rover was instructed to take a closer look of the object. It has yet to arrive at ground control.
NASA suspects that this may be a piece of Curiosity's hardware, but they are not sure yet. Could it be some screw that got loose and fell off the rover? Curiosity's team will wait until they get the close-up of the object before "assessing possible impact, if any, to sampling activities".
If it is a piece of the rover, I wonder how a lost piece can affect the rover's functions. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory hasn't said anything about it yet.
Original image. Click to enlarge
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Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge
is the Nation’s first waterfowl refuge. President Theodore
Roosevelt reserved 81,619 acres of lakes and marshes along
the California-Oregon border on August 8, 190
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Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge
is the Nation’s first waterfowl refuge. President Theodore
Roosevelt reserved 81,619 acres of lakes and marshes along
the California-Oregon border on August 8, 1908 as a preserve
and breeding grounds for native birds. Here is the largest
wintering bald eagle concentration in the Lower 48 states.
August and September are peak months for viewing pelicans,
egrets, herons and grebes. An estimated one to two million
ducks and geese migrate through the basin each Fall and Spring.
Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge
is located in the fertile and intensely farmed Tule Lake Basin
of northeastern California. It was established in 1928 by
President Calvin Coolidge as a,“preserve and breeding ground
for wild birds and animals.” This 39,116-acre refuge is mostly
open water and crop land. Approximately 17,000 acres are farmed.
The refuge is a significant staging area for migrating waterfowl
during spring and fall migrations.
Clear Lake National Wildlife Refuge
Except for limited waterfowl and pronghorn antelope
hunting during the regular California State seasons,
the refuge is closed to all public access to protect
fragile habitats and to reduce disturbance to wildlife.
Clear Lake Refuge, established in 1911, consists of
approximately 20,000 acres of open water surrounded by
over 26,000 acres of upland bunchgrass,low sagebrush,
and juniper habitat.
Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge
is located some 24 miles north of Klamath Falls, Oregon.
Crater Lake National Park lies approximately 20 miles north
of the refuge. The refuge is on the northwestern side of
Upper Klamath Lake and comprises 14,966 acres of swamp and
open water. It was established in 1928. At an elevation of
slightly above 4,000 feet, it lies in the shadow of the
forested east base of of the Cascade Mountains and is
watered by mountain streams and deep, clear springs.
Klamath Marsh National Wildlife Refuge
is located eighty some miles north of Tulelake. Crater Lake
National Park lies approximately 30 miles west of the refuge.
The refuge is largely surrounded by the Winema National
Forest. The Klamath Marsh National Wildlife Refuge was
established in 1958 “… as an inviolate sanctuary, or for
any other management purpose, for migratory birds.”
2014 Anders Tomlinson, all rights reserved.
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You are a human being. Nothing more than that. And it’s enough to make you a liar. You are asking me what makes you are a liar?
You are a human being. Nothing more than that. And it’s enough to make
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You are a human being. Nothing more than that. And it’s enough to make you a liar. You are asking me what makes you are a liar?
You are a human being. Nothing more than that. And it’s enough to make you a liar. You asking me what makes you a liar?
Right from that moment that the father of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father of your father found solid expressions “in word forms” for things within and without them, you became a liar.
I don’t care about the language of your thoughts. Think in French, or Yoruba, or Arabic or whatever you call your mother tongue. You totally agree with me that words come from thoughts. Right? Good! Think up a word. Have you? Ok. What’s that word? Oh, the language of your thought is English and the word you have thought is “Book”? Nice!
That word “Book” is not a book. You only have a phonological expression for helping you bring into the open what you think should represent what you think.
You only have a “B,” a bilabial plosive, two “O’s,” a short vowel sound represented as a “u” and a “K,” a voiceless velar consonant. Does any of these look like what you know as “Book”? Certainly not.
Why then do you pretend to refer to “A number of pages bound together and covered front and back with soft or hard backs upon which the name of the writer or editor is written” whenever you mention “Book”? A “Book” is not what you make it refer to. You only found an object for your thought.
How about abstract words? Words that do not have physical existence except where they are written in a book or dictionary. You think of “Freedom.”
Kindly point to an object around you that means “Freedom.” You can’t find? We should then call “Freedom” a failure for not being able to make it to an open world where people can touch and use it. And you hear people all over the world saying that they are walking or fighting for freedom. Human beings are just complex – they fight for what they don’t know.
Oh you’ve found the painting wherein two chained hands break loose. It is what it is: a painting, not freedom. You have seen movies where prisoners have escaped, where slaves are freed, where countries attain political sovereignty. They are what they are: not freedom. But they are fantastic ways of selling you the thoughts of what you should attach the “freedom” concept to out there in the physical world.
When you need to tell me about “Book,” you don’t need to bring me a book. Just mention the word “Book” and I understand you. The lie has continued for so long that it now goes unchallenged. I am supposed to ask you: what is it in the word “Book” that actually looks like a “Book”? You see that you can’t show me that.
A Yoruba adage says “If a piece of leaf used to wrap up a bar of soap stays too long on the soap, the leaf itself gradually becomes a part of the soap.” This is the case with lies – the lies that have now become our truths.
French sees “book” as “le livre.” Spanish regards it as “el libro.” In German, it is “buck.” The Danish version is “bog or booke.” The Italian language recognizes “book” as “prenatare or libro.” It is “livro” in Portuguese.
The Norwegian word for it is “bok.” If the word “book” were truly a book, it would be represented in every language by the same set of words or letters in the same order. The differences we notice in the orthographic representations and phonological realizations of the word “book” in different languages are enough evidence of the lies we lead.
The constant thing here is the idea of a book: something that has two covers, made of printed words on several bounded pages and meant to be read. Anybody in any linguistic culture can think up this idea – that is a truth – the lie comes when they attempt a phonemic and orthographic equivalent of that idea.
The Chomskyan concept of linguistic competence and performance comes to bear here. People understand the grammar of the languages they speak, the problem often arises when they clothe their ideas in actual words. This does not matter whether the language is the speaker’s mother tongue or adopted or colonial tongue.
We often than not fail at articulation of our ideas. The ideas are the closest we get to the truths of our lives, the moment we try manufacturing the ideas in the fabric of our languages, we dent or colour the authenticity of the ideas.
In short, human languages are a bunch of lies.
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Pearl Buck was a baby when her parents relocated to China. What she babbled was Chinese; what she experienced were Chinese customs and lifestyles. She was so attached to traditional Chinese culture that she had the epic description of the lives of Chinese
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Pearl Buck was a baby when her parents relocated to China. What she babbled was Chinese; what she experienced were Chinese customs and lifestyles. She was so attached to traditional Chinese culture that she had the epic description of the lives of Chinese peasants in her book. A portrait of Confucius and The Book of Rites, the datong article, are still hanging in the house in which she lived.
As a world-class cultural celebrity, Pearl Buck lived in an ordinary small town – Perkasie, Bucks County, in eastern Pennsylvania. Her residence was called Green Hills Farm. Pearl Buck is the only American female writer to win both a Pulitzer Prize and a Nobel Prize. She died in 1973 and was buried near her estate.
According to her wishes, her tombstone was engraved with only Pearl S. Buck and the dates of her birth and death. All merits or demerits of her life would be left for future generations to judge. This fully exemplifies her personality and her sentimental feelings for China.
On Christmas Eve in 1948, in an orphanage in the United States, there was a two-and-half-year-old boy with an ethnic mixture of East Indian and American. No family would adopt him because of the color of his skin and his background. After several twists and turns, the orphanage found Pearl Buck. When Buck heard of the boy’s situation, she did not hesitate to accept him – the first Asian mestizo child that she adopted.
This boy was David Yoder. He said:
“When Pearl Buck adopted me,
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|Set preceding the 1947 Partition of India and Pakistan, this story of turmoil and politics is told from the alternating points of view of three very different narrators. Margaret is a privileged British girl, living in India because her father is one
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|Set preceding the 1947 Partition of India and Pakistan, this story of turmoil and politics is told from the alternating points of view of three very different narrators. Margaret is a privileged British girl, living in India because her father is one of the cartographers finalizing the borders that will divide the country into two separate religious states. She is spoiled and finds India hot, loud, and dangerous, but is enthralled by the culture. Anupreet, a beautiful Sikh girl, once confined to her home to protect her from violent angry men, is employed as a maid for Margaret’s family, where her family believes she will be safe. Eighteen-year-old Tariq, a Muslim, hired as a translator for Margaret’s father, is caught between his forbidden interest in Anupreet and Margaret, who might be able to help with his goal of studying at Oxford. It is a dark and violent time, when no one is safe. Ultimately, 10 to 14 million people in India relocated and over one million died as a result. The time of Partition is underexplored in Western literature, especially in young adult historical fiction. A Glossary defines words used in the book and also mentions places and foods. An Author’s Note offers even more information and details Bradbury’s connection to India. mjw|
|Title: A Moment Comes
Author: Jennifer Bradbury
Publisher: Atheneum Books for Young Readers, Simon & Schuster, New York
Original Language: English
Hardcover pages: 288
Age range: 12 up
Genre:
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The latest news from academia, regulators
research labs and other things of interest
Posted: May 04, 2016
Using nanostructured filters to reduce shipping pollution
(Nanowerk News) Cargo ships are among the leading sources of
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The latest news from academia, regulators
research labs and other things of interest
Posted: May 04, 2016
Using nanostructured filters to reduce shipping pollution
(Nanowerk News) Cargo ships are among the leading sources of pollution on the planet. Starting in 2020, however, stricter sulfur emission standards will take effect. A low-cost solution for reaching the new targets may come from an EPFL start-up, which is developing a nanostructured filter for use in a ship’s exhaust stacks.
Around 55,000 cargo ships ply the oceans every day, powered by a fuel that is dirtier than diesel. And owing to lax standards, maritime transport has emerged as one of the leading emitters – alongside air transport – of nitrogen oxide and sulfur. But the International Maritime Organization has enacted tighter emission limits, with new standards set to take effect in 2020. In response, an EPFL start-up is developing a low-cost and eco-friendly solution: a filter that can be installed in the ships’ exhaust stacks. The start-up, Daphne Technology, could do well on this massive market.
Lowering sulfur emissions to below 1%
Under laboratory conditions, the nanostructured filter is able to cut sulfur emissions to below 1% and nitrogen oxide emissions to 15% of the current standards. This is a major improvement, seeing as the new standards will require an approximately 14% reduction in sulfur emissions.
Manufacturing the filters is similar to manufacturing solar cells. A thin metal plate – titanium in this case – is nanostructured in order to increase its surface area, and a number of substances are deposited in extremely thin layers. The plates are then placed vertically and evenly spaced, creating channels through which the toxic gases travel. The gases are captured by the nanostructured surfaces. This approach is considered eco-friendly because the substances in the filter are designed to be recycled. And the exhaust gas itself becomes inert and could be used in a variety of products, such as fertilizer.
The main challenges now are to figure out a way to make these filters on large surfaces, and to bring down the cost. It was at EPFL’s Swiss Plasma Center that researcher Mario Michan found a machine that he could modify to meet his needs: it uses plasma to deposit thin layers of substances. The next step is to produce a prototype that can be tested under real-world conditions.
Michan came up with his solution for toxic gas emissions after he worked on merchant ships while completing his Master’s degree in microengineering. It took several years, some techniques he picked up in the various labs in which he worked, and a few patents for Michan to make headway on his project. It was while he was working in ano
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Thomas Woodrow Wilson narrowly won re-election as 28th president of the United States, campaigning on the slogan, “He kept us out of war!” Within a few months, American troops would be heading for Europe after all. Mack Senn
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Thomas Woodrow Wilson narrowly won re-election as 28th president of the United States, campaigning on the slogan, “He kept us out of war!” Within a few months, American troops would be heading for Europe after all. Mack Sennett’s Keystone Kops were making millions laugh in the nation’s movie houses, while New York’s Wally Pipp was home-run king in baseball’s American League.
The year was 1916, and America was a nation in ferment. It was a time of transition: from horse and buggy to horseless carriage... farms to cities... domestic tranquility to foreign entanglement... peace to war.
Major changes were taking place in United States coinage, too. Within the previous decade, exciting new designs had debuted on six different U.S. coins, supplanting the serene, sedate 19th-century portraits that preceded them. And now, in 1916, three.... (Expand Text)
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What are equal opportunities in relation to the Act??
Equal opportunities in the workplace are governed by the Equality Act which became law in October 2010 harmonises and replaces previous legislation such as Race Relations Act and Disability Discrimination Act
How to
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What are equal opportunities in relation to the Act??
Equal opportunities in the workplace are governed by the Equality Act which became law in October 2010 harmonises and replaces previous legislation such as Race Relations Act and Disability Discrimination Act
How to recognise equal opportunities in the workplace?
These are known as the protected characteristics:
What forms of discrimination are addressed?
Direct: This is when someone is treated less favourably than another person because of a protected characteristic they have or are thought to have or are associated with someone who has a protected characteristic.
Associative: This is direct discrimination against a person because they associate with someone who possesses a protected characteristic.
Perceptive: This is direct discrimination against an individual because others think they possess a particular protected characteristic. Even if they don’t.
Indirect: Discrimination can occur when a company has a rule, policy or practice which applies to everyone but particularly disadvantages someone who possesses a protected characteristic. This can be justified if it is shown to be a proportionate means of achieving a legitimate aim.
What other activities are covered by the Act?
Harassment is defined as unwanted conduct relating to a relevant protected characteristic, which has the purpose or effect of violating that individual’s dignity or creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment for that individual.
Third party harassment makes an employer potentially liable for harassment of their employees by 3rd parties who are not company employees. The employer only becomes liable when harassment has occurred on two occasions; you are aware of it and have taken no action to stop it.
Victimisation occurs when an employee is treated badly because they have supported or raised a grievance under the Equality Act. An employee is not protected if the compliant is malicious or has supported an untrue complaint.
Pre-employment health questionnaires are no longer permitted unless the applicant can carry out a function that is intrinsic to the job or to help you decide if you can make reasonable adjustments to enable the applicant to fulfil the job function. You can however make a job offer conditional on satisfactory completion of a questionnaire but you can’t weed people out before.
There are other items such as equal pay, positive action to increase the number of job applicants or employees who posses a specific characteristic, pay secrecy and tribunal directions all of which are more complex and require expert guidance.
What can you do?
Review your policies and procedures in this area to ensure you comply with the Equality Act. Ensure all members of staff, suppliers and customers where appropriate, are aware of your responsibilities under the Act. Seek expert help and guidance by contacting me here >>>
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This evaluation examines how well students with special education needs are included in New Zealand schools. The report provides an update on progress towards meeting the Government target that, by the end of 2014, 80 percent of New Zealand schools will be doing
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This evaluation examines how well students with special education needs are included in New Zealand schools. The report provides an update on progress towards meeting the Government target that, by the end of 2014, 80 percent of New Zealand schools will be doing a good job and none should be doing a poor job of including and supporting students with disabilities. This target was established in 2010 as a result of ERO’s earlier evaluation of the inclusion of students with high needs.
The 2010 evaluation focused on ‘students with high needs’. In line with the Special Education Framework, ERO used the guideline that students in the top three percent of educational need are designated students with high needs. Typically these students receive funding and support through mechanisms such as the Ongoing Resourcing Scheme (ORS), the Behaviour Initiative, the Communication Initiative or the School High Health Needs Fund.
This 2014 evaluation included 152 schools reviewed in Term 2, 2014. ERO found that schools were generally successful at providing for the presence and participation of students with special education needs. They welcomed students with special education needs and had systems in place to support their participation. Most schools:
Over three quarters of the schools in the sample (78 percent) were found to be mostly inclusive of students with special education needs, compared with only half in the 2010 evaluation. To some extent, this may reflect the changed focus of the evaluation from students with high needs to all students with special educati
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I am working my way through the videos of the discussions at the Moving Naturalism Forward Workshop (see At last – Moving Naturalism Forward videos). I really appreciate these philosophical and scientific discussions because they aren’t weighed down, or diverted, by the
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I am working my way through the videos of the discussions at the Moving Naturalism Forward Workshop (see At last – Moving Naturalism Forward videos). I really appreciate these philosophical and scientific discussions because they aren’t weighed down, or diverted, by theistic and supernaturalist philosophy.
As Daniel Dennett said in the introductions, what he really like about the workshop was not only the people participating, but also that certain philosophers were not participating.
Here’s the discussion on morality. I don’t think they covered everything they could have but what they did cover was interesting. It’s also a pity that Patricia Churchland had to withdraw from the Workshop – her contribution to this discussion would have been very helpful. I would have also like contribution from a good evolutionary psychologist.
The next discussion on meaning was also very wide-ranging and often insightful. I liked Owen Flanagan‘s description of Aristotle’s approach. When asked how he could prepare a suitably complete obituary for someone who had just died he said that one could gather all the information available but it would still not be enough. To really pass judgement on a person’s life you have to wait to see how the grandchildren turn out.
Posted in atheism, Dawkins, Dennett, evolution, philosophy, SciBlogs, science, Science and Society
Tagged Aristotle, Daniel Dennett, ethics, evolutionary psychology, morality, Owen Flanagan, philosophy, SciBlogs
There has been a bit of discussion about morality lately on several New Zealand blogs (see moral things, What’s So Great About Objective Morality?, My take on morality, Thinking Matters and Where do our morals come from?. This has tended to be centred around a scientific or ‘naturalistic’ understanding human morality and its sources. Participants in this discussion and others interested in the subject might find the Beyond Belief: Candles in the Dark conference videos interesting. The conference included sessions on Human Flourishing/Eudaimonics and Your Brain on Morality.
I have only started watching these videos but have found the talk by Owen Flanagan interesting. A professor of Philosophy at Duke University, he also holds appointments in Psychology and Neurobiology and is a Faculty Fellow in Cognitive Neuroscience. Flanagan has written several books; the most recent is The Really Hard Problem: Meaning in a Material World.
Have a look at the video below of Flanagan’s presentation.
Posted in belief, book review, Christianity, culture, diversity, faith, god, religion, science, supernatural, superstition, theology, tradition
Tagged Beyond Belief, Candles in the dark, morality, naturalism, Owen Flanagan, philosophy, truth
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The Mozilla Foundation has joined with the National Science Foundation and U.S. Ignite to sponsor a “killer app” challenge. The deadline is August 23. Today I submitted my idea, which you can see here along with many, many others
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The Mozilla Foundation has joined with the National Science Foundation and U.S. Ignite to sponsor a “killer app” challenge. The deadline is August 23. Today I submitted my idea, which you can see here along with many, many others. (There are monetary prizes.)
This is the 150th anniversary of a mass execution of 38 Dakota men in Mankato, Minnesota, in December of 1862. Waziyatawin reports this history in this post. Many more Dakota people died during imprisonment during that winter. Thinking about this genocidal history during a recent trip to Minnesota, I decided to propose an “app” called STOLEN LANDS, BROKEN TREATIES.
Here’s my proposal. The Mozilla Ignite questions are in italics.
Stolen Lands, Broken Treaties
The pitch: in 140 characters
U. S. residents occupy land stolen from indigenous peoples. How can we learn about the land and
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Has the Missing Link Been Found?
by John D. Morris, Ph.D.
On September 22, 1994, the news hit the headlines. "New Chimpanzee-size link to humans found in Ethiopian Desert" (USA Today).
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Has the Missing Link Been Found?
by John D. Morris, Ph.D.
On September 22, 1994, the news hit the headlines. "New Chimpanzee-size link to humans found in Ethiopian Desert" (USA Today). Similar articles appeared everywhere.
The articles reported a paper published in the British science journal, Nature, authored by Dr. Tim White of U.C. Berkeley and others. Despite a few "qualifying" words, the newspaper articles clearly asserted that humans had evolved from an undiscovered ape-like ancestor and that this new evidence was from a species close to that missing link. Does the evidence support this conclusion?
From the newspaper articles, we learn that 17 scraps of bone and teeth were found, and that these had been gnawed by carnivores. Some were fragments of skulls which had been crushed, others were teeth or tooth fragments, one of which was still embedded in a portion of the jaw no bigger than a man's thumbnail, but labeled "a child's jaw." A significant portion of an upper arm bone was also found. Nothing was found from below the waist, but the anthropologists concluded from the elbow and one tooth that this species had already split off from the apes, and was walking somewhat erect.
Specifically, what was concluded was that these creatures showed some features which were not completely apelike, but more so than the fossil dubbed "Lucy." This remarkable fossil, 40% complete and three feet six inches tall, was found by Dr. Donald Johanson in 1974, who admits that Lucy was chimplike. Although Lucy's skull was not recovered, others of the same species exhibit a chimp-sized brain and chimp-like teeth and jaws, with a few minor differences.
From the neck down, certain clues suggested to Johanson that Lucy walked a little more erect than today's chimps. This conclusion, based on his interpretation of the partial hipbone and a knee bone, has been hotly contested by many paleoanthropologists. But even the most generous view of Lucy was that she was chimp-like, possessing certain features reminiscent of humans. Long curved fingers and toes showed that her species was at home in the trees, although able also to walk on the ground. Perhaps they walked partially erect, but not in the human manner.
Unfortunately, Lucy has come to be considered as "the earliest human," a misstatement seldom (if ever) corrected by knowledgeable evolutionists. This deception continues to influence many, and even creeps into the evaluation of this most recent find.
Note the conclusion and the logic behind it. Lucy was the first human, or clearly on the road to man. The new find was more apelike. Therefore, it now becomes our most ancient ancestor. But without the religiously held conviction that humans came from animals, this evidence would be of little significance. At most, it would reveal evidence of a now extinct species, surely of some interest, but not frontpage headlines.
A great deal is at stake here—the concept that man is an animal. The concept that man was created by God who will one day pass judgment on each individual's actions and attitudes is rejected by many. How much more comfortable it is to think that there is no right and wrong, no external authority over one's life, no heaven or hell. Thus, any scrap of bone, which can be used to justify this position, makes headlines, even if it reflects poor science.
*Dr. John Morris is the President of ICR.
Cite this article: John D. Morris, Ph.D. 1994. Has the Missing Link Been Found?. Acts & Facts. 23 (11).
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Forget about huddling around the radio. These days, the media format can be accessed through smartphones, tablets and even underwater MP3 players.
Technology has been the radio industry's saviour
It used to be that families would huddle around
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Forget about huddling around the radio. These days, the media format can be accessed through smartphones, tablets and even underwater MP3 players.
Technology has been the radio industry's saviour
It used to be that families would huddle around a single radio to listen to music and major news.
These days, however, radio can be accessed through a plethora of products.
These include tablets and smartphones that stream websites through software apps, as well as some portable music players that can be taken for a run or even under water during a swim while accessing FM stations.
Here is how the media format has tried to keep up with technological changes.
Historically, how quickly did radio technology take off?
Sales of radios built for consumers really started to grow in the 1920s, as prices for different models started to fall. About 100,000 radios were produced in the United States in 1922, with about 500,000 just a year later.
How many radios are sold now?
It is hard to measure accurately the total number of radios being sold, because the technology is often embedded in different kinds of devices. Music from internet radio is often accessible through websites displayed on desktop and laptop computers, while software apps have made the format available through certain smartphones and tablets. Apps such as Pandora Radio, StreamFurious and TuneIn work on smartphones that use Google's Android software. Some also work on Apple's iPad tablet.
What other consumer electronic devices have incorporated radio?
Old radio podcasts, as well as FM stations, can be played through some portable music devices. Apple's iPod Nano, for one, displays the artist, song or programme a person is listening to when using the radio feature. Some manufacturers also claim their products can stream radio underwater. This group includes Nu's Dolphin Touch model, which retails for about US$105 (Dh385.68) on Amazon.com.
Have more people started listening to internet radio as it has become more widely available through all of these technologies?
The number of people regularly listening to internet radio or music streaming services has remained relatively unchanged between 2009 and last year in Europe, where 30 per cent were tuning in, as well as in the US, at 38 per cen
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[ 2 syll. joy-ce, jo-yce ] The baby girl name Joyce is also used as a boy name, though it is far more popular for girls. It is pronounced JHoyayS- †. Joyce's origin is
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[ 2 syll. joy-ce, jo-yce ] The baby girl name Joyce is also used as a boy name, though it is far more popular for girls. It is pronounced JHoyayS- †. Joyce's origin is Breton, and its use, English. It is from the word iodoc which is of the meaning 'lord'. Older forms of the name include Ioceus (Latinized), Iocius (Old French), Iodoc (Breton), Iodocus (Latinized), Iudh (Breton), Jodoc (Breton), Jodocus (Latinized), Joisse (Old French), Josce (Old French), Josse (Old French), and Judoc (Breton). Joyce was used as a surname and subsequently a male given name in the medieval period. It is derived from Josse (Old French), a form of Ioceus (Latinized), Iodocus (Latinized), or Jodocus (Latinized), which are themselves from Iodoc (Breton), Judoc (Breton), or Jodoc (Breton).
The Breton form of the name was borne by a 7th-century hermit saint who was the son of a Breton king. The name was brought into England by the Normans as the forms Josse (Old French), Josce (Old French), or Joisse (Old French), which were common among the Breton followers of William the Conqueror. It fell into disuse by the 14th century, and in the 17th century it saw a revival mainly as a female name, possibly as a form of the name Joy. In the 19th century, the name grew in popularity from its appearance in the Mrs Henry Wood sensation novel East Lynne (1861) and the Ada Ellen Bayly novel In the Golden Days (1885). The name is today often associated with the English words 'joy' or'rejoice'. In some cases, its adoption has been influenced by the Irish surname, which is itself from the Norman French male name. A notable bearer of the surname was the Irish novelist James Joyce (1882-1941). See Joyce for more information.
Joyce has 16 forms that are used in English and foreign languages. English forms of Joyce include Joise, Joisse, Joos, Joost, Joyceanne, Joycee, Joycelyn, Joycelynn, Joycey, Joyous, Joyse, Joysel, and Loyce. Other English forms include the diminutive Joycie, and the spelling variant Joice. The Spanish Joyceta is a form of the name that is used in foreign languages.
Joyce is an all-time favorite. Today it is still somewhat popular as a baby girl name, but to a lesser degree than it was previously. At the height of its usage in 1941, 1.258% of baby girls were named Joyce. It had a ranking of #13 then. The baby name has seen a substantial decline in frequency since then, and in recent times it is of only modest use. In 2015, it ranked at #838 with a usage of 0.017%, but it was nevertheless the most popular within all girl names in its family. Joyce has mainly been a baby girl name in the last century. There were 270 times more baby girls than boys who were named Joyce in 1946.
† Pronunciation for Joyce: JH as in "joy (JH.OY)" ; OY as in "toy (T.OY)" ; AY as in "side (S.AY.D)" ; S as in "see (S.IY)"
A famous person named Joyce is Jane Seymour, Actress, born Joyce Penelope Wilhelmina Frankenberg 15 February 1951, Hillingdon, England.
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Disease dynamics hinge on parasite transmission among hosts. However, canonical models for transmission often fit data poorly, limiting predictive ability. One solution involves building mechanistic yet general links between host behaviour and disease spread. To illustrate, we focus on the exposure
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Disease dynamics hinge on parasite transmission among hosts. However, canonical models for transmission often fit data poorly, limiting predictive ability. One solution involves building mechanistic yet general links between host behaviour and disease spread. To illustrate, we focus on the exposure component of transmission for hosts that consume their parasites, combining experiments, models and field data. Models of transmission that incorporate parasite consumption and foraging interference among hosts vastly outperformed alternatives when fit to experimental data using a zooplankton host (Daphnia dentifera) that consumes spores of a fungus (Metschnikowia bicuspidata). Once plugged into a fully dynamic model, both mechanisms inhibited epidemics overall. Foraging interference further depressed parasite invasion and prevalence at high host density, creating unimodal (hump-shaped) relationships between host density and these indices. These novel results qualitatively matched a unimodal density–prevalence relationship in natural epidemics. Ultimately, a mechanistic approach to transmission can reveal new insights into disease outbreaks.
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By John Latta, [email protected]
We know the current, ongoing lack of adequate investment in infrastructure will cost us. But just how much?
Bluntly, a new report tells us that “unless the U.S. invests
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By John Latta, [email protected]
We know the current, ongoing lack of adequate investment in infrastructure will cost us. But just how much?
Bluntly, a new report tells us that “unless the U.S. invests an additional $1.57 billion per year in infrastructure — drinking water and waste water, electricity, airports, seaports and waterways, and surface transportation — between now and 2020, the nation will lose $3.1 trillion in GNP, $1.1 trillion in trade, a $3,100 per year drop in personal disposable income, $2.4 trillion in lost consumer spending and a little over 3.1 million jobs.”
These scary numbers come from a new American Society of Civil Engineers’ (ASCE) report, The Impact of Current Infrastructure Investment on America’s Economic Future, the fifth and final report in ASCE’s Failure to Act series.
“This report answers the question: how do U.S. infrastructure systems affect the nation’s economic performance,” says ASCE’s president, Gregory E. DiLoreto.
The report, produced by the Boston-based Economic Development Research Group, concludes that there will be an estimated investment gap between now and 2020 of $846 billion in surface transportation.
Deteriorating infrastructure, long known to be a public safety issue, has a cascading impact on the nation’s economy, negatively effecting business productivity, gross domestic product, employment, personal income, and international competitiveness, the report points out.
“Now is the time to bridge the gap between recognizing the needs and willingness to act,” says Janet Kavinoky, executive director of transportation and infrastructure and vice president of Americans for Transportation Mobility for the U.S. Chamber of Commerce.
The ASCE projections include both the costs of building new infrastructure to service increasing populations and the cost of expanded economic activity; and for maintaining or rebuilding existing infrastructure that needs repair or replacement. “The total documented cumulative gap between projected needs and likely investment in these critical systems will be $1.1 trillion by 2020,” says the report.
The bulk of the gap is due to surface transportation needs, including roads, bridges and transit systems.
Crunched numbers in the report show that surface transportation needs in 2020 will be $1.723 billion, expected funding will be $877 billion, leaving a funding gap of $846 billion. By 2040 say the report numbers, needs will be $6.751 billion, funding $3.087 billion and the funding gap $3.664 billion (dollars in 2010 billions). Surface transportation needs will go 49 percent unmet in 2020 and 54 percent unmet in 2040 by these numbers.
Two years ago it was estimated that deficiencies in America’s surface transportation system cost households and businesses nearly $130 billion. “If present trends continue,” says the report, “by 2020 the annual costs imposed on the U.S. economy from deteriorating surface transportation infrastructure will increase to $210 billion, and by 2040 to $520 billion.”
The report’s 2020 projections show that our surface transportation infrastructure deficiencies are expected to cost the national economy almost $900 billion in GDP, rising to $2.7 trillion through 2040.
“Moreover,” says the report,“as productivity deteriorates along with infrastructure degradation, more resources will be wasted in each sector. In other words, it may take two jobs to complete the tasks that one job could handle without delays due to worsening surface transportation.”
“The cost of the reform to taxpayers would be less than $1 per week, per vehicle.”
– John Horsley, who has just retired as executive director of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, proposing that Congress convert the “cents per gallon” federal excise tax on fuels to a sales tax on fuels.
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Publication Date: 2008
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/TheWorld Bank
Evidence of gender inequity and inequality in terms of access, retention and performance in secondary education in Sub-Saharan Africa raises many questions. While transition rates from
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Publication Date: 2008
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/TheWorld Bank
Evidence of gender inequity and inequality in terms of access, retention and performance in secondary education in Sub-Saharan Africa raises many questions. While transition rates from primary to secondary are higher for girls than boys, and the repetition rates are lower, girls still significantly trail behind boys in terms of secondary GER. This study documents and analyzes the extent and nature of gender disadvantage in junior and senior secondary education. It analyzes the causes of this disadvantage and identifies strategies that may be effective in reducing or eliminating it.
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The following is an excerpt from an assignment I wrote about the future use of social media in classrooms:
Social media offers its own framework of processing information. Using Twitter as an example, each component of a tweet carries with it a packet of additional information
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The following is an excerpt from an assignment I wrote about the future use of social media in classrooms:
Social media offers its own framework of processing information. Using Twitter as an example, each component of a tweet carries with it a packet of additional information. The timestamp: When was the tweet posted? Was it intentionally posted during a typical “high-traffic time?” or was it a throwaway thought late at night? If it was a tweet about another person or an event, how close to the event was the timestamp? What does that indicate about the proximity of the individual – are they live-tweeting the event, or do they have privileged access to a source?
The hashtag: is it designed to categorize the tweet, and relate it to those of a similar topic (#NHLfinals)? Is it designed to be a rallying point to draw people in to create a conversation (#Ferguson, #NotYourAsianSidekick)? Is it used to add humour to the tweet, or to add a second layer of communication? RTs and Favourites: how many did it receive, and by whom? If a sports writer has an article retweeted by its subject, is that an endorsement, or an ironic gesture? Or follower hierarchy: if someone with a significantly greater follower count is starting a conversation with someone who has less, what does that mean? Why? These nuances are absolutely familiar to youth who use social media, if not so explicitly discussed.
A tweet of 140 characters or a Facebook post can contain all sorts of details about a person’s relationship to a situation, their opinion, or clues regarding their future actions. Assignments can be created which utilize skills that students have not only developed, but which will have continuing relevance in the next 30 or 40 years. At my last practicum, one of my peers asked students to create a Twitter newsfeed for the events leading up to and including the Red River Rebellion with chronological accuracy, using the various elements of Twitter to convey their knowledge. How would students convey the concealed bellicosity of Sir John A. MacDonald? Or the mediation of Joseph Ritchot? These sorts of assignments should not replace “extensive writing” skills, but nor should they be scorned as fluff: refined manipulation of social media’s subtle details has become a legitimate, necessary skill in many professions.
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How we judge whether plastics are eGo-friendly in relation to other materials?
Ans. In comparison with other materials plastics are more eco-friendly with the following points: a. Plastics improve the quality of life, especially economically weaker sections of society.
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How we judge whether plastics are eGo-friendly in relation to other materials?
Ans. In comparison with other materials plastics are more eco-friendly with the following points: a. Plastics improve the quality of life, especially economically weaker sections of society.
b. It reduces significantly the pollution load on the environment-land, water and air-in relation to others materials (organic materials 30%, papers 30%, metals 8%, glass 8% and other 13%) that are replaced or substituted.
c. Use the non-renewable energy resources more eli ciently.
d. Indirect contribution to protect land and foresi resources.
e It is recyclable and recoverable throughout its if etim
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Teaching Resources and Support
Click on the links below to enjoy your free teaching resources:
The Department for Education is responsible for children’s services and education, including higher and further education policy, apprenticeships and wider skills in England.
NCTL's
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Teaching Resources and Support
Click on the links below to enjoy your free teaching resources:
The Department for Education is responsible for children’s services and education, including higher and further education policy, apprenticeships and wider skills in England.
NCTL's aims are to improve academic standards by recruiting and developing a workforce to meet the needs of our school system, and to help schools to help each other to improve. NCTL is an executive agency, sponsored by the Department for Education.
Practical advice provided by the Department for Education following the Teacher Workload Survey 2016.
DBS - Overview of the Disclosure and Barring Service. Please follow this link to the DBS UPDATE SERVICE where you can register your DBS online to allow other schools, agencies to check your DBS. This avoids having to pay for a new DBS every time you wish to apply to an organisation.
REC Audited Education. Find our wh
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Common Mistakes in English
More Lessons English as a Second Language
Welcome to our collection of English as a Second Language (ESL) tools & resources for students, teachers, and educators.
We have lots of free videos that will help you
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Common Mistakes in English
More Lessons English as a Second Language
Welcome to our collection of English as a Second Language (ESL) tools & resources for students, teachers, and educators.
We have lots of free videos that will help you improve your English and also advice and tips that will help you in English proficiency examinations like TOEFL and IELTS.
Lesson 4a - WISH and HOPE - Common Mistakes in English
This is a lesson on WISH and HOPE in four parts. In this first part we consider the basic differences in meaning and focus on the uses of HOPE.
Lesson 4b - WISH and HOPE - Common Mistakes in English
This is the second part of our lesson on WISH and HOPE. We now focus on the uses of WISH.
Lesson 4c - WISH and HOPE - Common Mistakes in English
This is the third part of our lesson on WISH and HOPE. More practice is offered to check your comprehension of the grammatical differences between WISH and HOP
Lesson 4d - WISH and HOPE - Common Mistakes in English
This is the fourth and final part of our lesson on WISH and HOPE. We now look at common expressions with WISH and HOPE and end with an exercise to check your comprehension.
Rotate to landscape screen format on a mobile phone or small tablet to use the Mathway widget, a free math problem solver that answers your questions with step-by-step explanations.
You can use the free Mathway calculator and problem solver below to practice Algebra or other math topics. Try the given examples, or type in your own problem and check your answer with the step-by-step explanations.
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It may not sound like much of a job — three consecutive months in bed — but NASA says the participants in its bed-rest study are providing valuable information for the space program.
The test subjects are paid $10 per hour, or about $17
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It may not sound like much of a job — three consecutive months in bed — but NASA says the participants in its bed-rest study are providing valuable information for the space program.
The test subjects are paid $10 per hour, or about $17,000 over the course of the study, which is carried out at the University of Texas, according to a report by MyFOXHouston.com.
They spend three months lying down, and the preparation and rehabilitation take up another month.
MyFOXHouston.com reports that NASA's Flight Analog Research Unit is looking for ways to minimize the debilitating impact of zero gravity in space, which can cause reduction in muscle mass and bone density.
One way to recreate those conditions on the ground is for test participants to lie down with head slightly tilted back for 90 days.
"It's very relaxing at times. This is probably the most I've sat still in 10 years," participant Heather Archuletta told MyFOXHouston.com.
They can shower, surf the Internet and watch DVDs, all while remaining in bed. Afterward, the rehabilitation phase is key to the study, because NASA tests ways of bringing their bodies back to normal.
"I just wanted to help out the space program keep astronauts more healthy so we can make it to Mars," said Archuletta, who updates an online blog from her test bed.
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The environmental organization Greenpeace today warned of the imminent release of a huge mass of ice in Antarctica that would elevate the waters of the planet in 10 centimeters from sinking into the sea. It is the third big break in recent years on the
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The environmental organization Greenpeace today warned of the imminent release of a huge mass of ice in Antarctica that would elevate the waters of the planet in 10 centimeters from sinking into the sea. It is the third big break in recent years on the white continent whose consequences "are to be seen, but the clear is that it will leave Antarctica in a situation of increased vulnerability with respect to future ruptures," said oceans Coordinator at Greenpeace, Estefanía González.
According to the agency, what began as a further crack in the area known as Larsen C - in the northern part of Antarctica - has become, with the passage of months, an increasingly deep and extensive break that will end to become one of the most gigantic detachments of which records are held on the icy continent.
The 200-kilometer-long crack has remained relatively stable for some time, but now has steadily sloped toward the sea, so scientists warn that its collapse will accelerate.
"The exact causes of the landslide are unclear, but in this process the global effects of climate change cannot be ruled out. In fact, what happens on the white continent is often seen as a prior warning or 'thermometer' of the impact that is being generated on the planet by the increase in temperature, "said Gonzalez.
According to experts, the area to be detached will be about 5,000 square kilometers, which will make this iceberg one of the 10 largest that have been recorded.
"What is happening in Antarctica is a new alert voice to deepen and fulfill the terms of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change." The paradox is that this landslide in Antarctica will occur just when President Donald Trump has announced the withdrawal Of the United States of this global pact, "said the expert.
It is estimated that if all that huge mass of ice were to sink into the sea, the planet's water would rise about 10 centimeters, which would have devastating consequences on large urban areas located in low and especially vulnerable coastal areas.
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Tetrapanax papyriferus is a rapid growing tropical looking soft/woody perennial from the jungles of Taiwan. It is mostly evergreen in zones 8+, but is root hardy into negative temperatures (zones 6
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Tetrapanax papyriferus is a rapid growing tropical looking soft/woody perennial from the jungles of Taiwan. It is mostly evergreen in zones 8+, but is root hardy into negative temperatures (zones 6+). Large deeply lobed green/grey leaves are held up by long stalks. The stalks of the Rice Paper Plant can grow to 15 feet with leaves 2 feet wide. Small plants will form thickets in very little time, often sprouting new plants 10-20 feet from the mother plant through it’s extensive root system. Because of this it is invasive in warm climates. In early fall, creamy beige flowers will form on stalks attracting bees and butterflies.
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<a href=”http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DpBhHgNqI00″ target=’_blank’>Goat’s milk soap</a> began its history someday around 2800 BC in the course of
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<a href=”http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DpBhHgNqI00″ target=’_blank’>Goat’s milk soap</a> began its history someday around 2800 BC in the course of the excavation of ancient Babylon, when the earliest recorded evidence of soap-like materials were found in clay cylinders. In 2200 BC, soap formula inscriptions were written on the clay saying that fats were boiled with ashes, that are a method of creating soap. Then around 1500 BC, we all know that the age-old Egyptians employed animal and vegetable oils, together with alkaline salts to produce a soapy substance useful for cleaning and to address a wide range of skin diseases in this era.<br><br>By 600 BC the Phoenicians employed a type of soap to clean their linens just like cotton and wool before they weaved and coloured the fabrics. Soap was not used by early Greeks. Yet by the second century AD, a prominent Greek physician known as Galen advised cleaning with soap as a preventative measure for diseases of the skin.<br><br>Taking baths and bathing did start to be preferred during the Roman times, as we often hear via stories regarding Cleopatra. We understand that a soap factory was discovered in the remains of Pompeii in around 79 AD. Apparently the Romans employed abrasive ingredients just like pumice stones or fine sand to scrub their skin, and so they used sticks and scraped off the grime and dirt using what is regarded as a strigil. Additionally they took deluxe scented baths and offered massages employing beautiful aromatic oils.<br><br>Most goat’s milk soap, a light and gentle, homemade, natural soap, has been actually created from the tallow of goats, with beech ash furnishing the alkali by the 13th century in Italy and France. Our ancestors made animal fats to get oils; thus it originated in tallow or lard. <br><br>Modern-day soap made up of harsh chemicals is absolutely nothing compared to goat’s milk soap mainly because it carries a lot of good things about the skin. Goat’s milk soap finds skin close to its natural pH level, as opposed to harsh detergent kind soaps. <br><br>On top of that, goat’s milk soap features beneficial vitamins A, B, C, D, E and K., and often we will find other ingredients added to goat’s milk soap, just like avocado, jojoba or olive oil, which helps give rise to their comforting properties. Handmade goat’s milk soap is terrific for all kinds of skin types such as: oily skin, acne and sensitive skin or some times dry itchy, flaky skin. Mild, gentle, healthful, <a href=”http://organicalee.mul
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Ivy League Universities
The term Ivy League commonly refers to a group of 8 private, east-coast colleges and universities renowned for providing an excellent education and their significant history.
These universities were some of the earliest American institutions founded:
- Harvard
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Ivy League Universities
The term Ivy League commonly refers to a group of 8 private, east-coast colleges and universities renowned for providing an excellent education and their significant history.
These universities were some of the earliest American institutions founded:
- Harvard in 1636
- Yale in 1701
- Pennsylvania in 1740
- Princeton in 1746
- Columbia in 1754
- Brown in 1764
- Dartmouth in 1769
- Cornell in 1865
Although the term 'Ivy League' officially refers to an athletic conference in which the eight colleges' sports teams compete, it has grown to have much wider connotations, because the members of the Ivy League compete academically as well as athletically.
Ivy League schools are highly selective, with acceptance rates often under 10%. They are also very expensive to attend, with fees averaging $35,000 (£21,800) a year.
Seven of the eight Ivy League schools were founded in the Colonial Era of the United States, and they comprise seven of the nine colleges founded before the American Revolution.
The Ivy League colleges regularly appear in the top 15 college rankings in the United States and pride themselves on having very rigorous academics. A number of famous political and social figures in the United States have graduated from the Ivy League.
The Ivy League institutions are heavily endowed, with Harvard being the wealthiest university in the world, Yale the second wealthiest, and Princeton the fourth wealthiest.
StudentsReview.com is a useful website that allows you to compare the Ivy League universities in terms of tuition fees, location, size, admissions, and more. It also contains lots of other information such as reviews from students, average starting salaries of graduates, etc.
Although an Ivy League education carries the benefits of looking great on your CV and entry to a valuable alumni network, this sort of education comes at a pri
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Helping the world's most vulnerable populations in crisis is a moral imperative for the international community and can make the difference between life and death. The European Union (EU), including its 27 Member States, is the world's leading humanitarian donor,
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Helping the world's most vulnerable populations in crisis is a moral imperative for the international community and can make the difference between life and death. The European Union (EU), including its 27 Member States, is the world's leading humanitarian donor, providing about half of global funding for emergency relief to victims of man-made and natural disasters. The EU also promotes respect for, and adherence to, international humanitarian law. This annual report focuses on the European Commission's humanitarian aid and civil protection activities in 2011. The aim of these actions is... saving and protecting life wherever people are in need of relief and preventing and alleviating human suffering while preserving the integrity and dignity of populations affected by natural or man-made disasters.
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Audi's Attitudes, a corporate social responsibility program, wanted to learn more about the phenomenon of driving without awareness. Wearable eye trackers from Tobii Pro enabled their researchers to gain insight into driving behavior and occurrences that are often forgotten by drivers
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Audi's Attitudes, a corporate social responsibility program, wanted to learn more about the phenomenon of driving without awareness. Wearable eye trackers from Tobii Pro enabled their researchers to gain insight into driving behavior and occurrences that are often forgotten by drivers. The data revealed significant changes in gaze patterns during phases of subconscious driving and helped identify situations and external factors causing the issue.
Driving without awareness (DWA) is the sense of operating a vehicle with little or no conscious attention to the surrounding traffic, also known as subconscious driving. At the time of this study, there was very little research on this topic. The past exploration focused on long highway journeys and used simulators that deviate from the actual driving experience with methods that involved asking drivers directly about their experiences.
The objective of the study was to learn more about the prevalence of DWA, pinpoint characteristics of drivers who often drive in this manner, and identify situations that could promote its occurrence. The study also aimed to examine driver perceptions about the issue and analyze its effects on road safety.
With eye tracking, we were able to study actual driving behavior in real-time and in detail, and identify subconscious driving situations
The study was carried out in two phases. In the first, a traditional phone survey was conducted with a representative sample of 2000 Spanish drivers to address a broad range of DWA aspects in order to quantify the phenomenon. In the second phase, eye tracking observations were combined with in-depth interviews to test several defined hypotheses and examine subconscious driving episodes in greater detail.
A few of the tested hypotheses:
Thirteen experienced drivers, all workers in the same industrial area and between the ages of 25 and 60, were observed during two different tests, each with separate objectives. In the first test, participants drove on a race track circuit so researchers could test the hypotheses by using unique characteristics of each lap while comparing participants under similar traffic conditions.
In the second test, drivers drove on an intercity road that most of them regularly used to travel back and forth to work. This test allowed researchers to analyze subconscious driving in the real-life setting in which it occurs and draw conclusions more generalizable to actual driving situations.
During both tests, participants wore wearable eye trackers from Tobii Pro to record their eye movements, enabling researchers to determine which items in a participant's field of vision attracted their attention. After each trip, in-depth interviews were conducted with the drivers. The parti
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The issue of order and safety has always been crucial for the U.S. society. Indeed, during the last several decades the question of personal protection was highly promoted by police agencies through community policing with no notion what does this term really means. The
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The issue of order and safety has always been crucial for the U.S. society. Indeed, during the last several decades the question of personal protection was highly promoted by police agencies through community policing with no notion what does this term really means. The U.S. Department of Justice defines it as a philosophy with specific organizational strategies which imply long-term partnership in solving problems in order to raise public safety and decrease the level of crime (Community Policing Defined, n.d.).
Bureau of Justice Assistance presents it in a simpler way: “Community policing is, in essence, a collaboration between the police and the community that identifies and solves community problems” (Understanding Community Policing, n.d.). This policy states that policemen are not anymore the only guardians who catch criminals and maintain law and order. According to the rules of community policing the role of law and order guardian is also divided between all the members of the community they belong. They take responsibility to be active allies in uniting efforts to protect themselves and their neighbors. Such strategy is effective enough in reinvigorating communities and creating more vital neighborhood.
The role of an officer in a community policing environment is different. As far as new duties should take into account problems of the neighborhood, the requirements to the police officers also increase. He is not a brave hero ready to resolve community problems and sacrifice his life if needed. He has to be a wise leader, and his pivotal role consists in gathering the community together, instructing them and helping to mobilize resources and support in solving various problems within their competence. His primary duty is to organize a creative partnership where every member is heard with patience, understood with wisdom and put into practice with enthusiasm.
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Implementation of community policing is based on the following principles: “…the police are the public and the public are the police” (Understanding Community Policing, n.d.). The police officer has not to react on the specific situations using rigid and limited regulations as a guideline. From now, thinking outside the box and creativity are welcome. Instead of strict supervision while delegating powers, the police officer has to create prolific cooperation within a community based on values and purposes. Therefore, responsibilities of the police officer are more expanded and go beyond the strict limits.
The U.S. Department of Justice states: “instead of constantly looking up the bureaucratic chain of command for guidance and assistance, the community police officer looks out toward the problems to be solved, and toward the community’s interest in helping to solve them” (Understanding Community Policing, n.d.).
Besides the duties, the police officer should do in a community policing environment; there are actions he should not do. First of all, community policing implies extensive professional trainings for all officers with no regard to their rank. Thus, the police officer should not demonstrate hierarchical attitude to other members of the community. In addition, new guidelines of solving community problems with applying non-standard methods and approaches do not allow the police officer waste time by conducting routine patrols just because ‘that is how he has always done it’. The police officer should not be egoistic, lazy, incompetent and indifferent to the problems of others.
Considering the issue whether police officers should be held to higher moral and ethical standards than the population they serve, the answer is ‘they should’. There are several reasons and explanations to this approach. First of all, police officers are the responsible officers whom people trust, rely on them in coping community problems and respecting their civil rights. They have rights other citizens do not have like the right to carry the weapon and use it in case of a danger. They have the authority to detain suspicious people and prevent people in public places about any harm.
Moreover, all community members pay taxes from which police officers salary is derived. For this reason many citizens are solidary in the opinion that police officers should be more conscious in their acts and decisions when working on the public eye. At least, no one is allowed to be above the law. Thus, in terms of law, both community members and police officers should be equal.
Considering the specific essence of community policing and the role of the police officer in it, it is clear that the police office is a leader, a so-called role model. From the psychological and sociological point of view any leader should be held to higher moral and ethical standards than the community he leads. People tend to listen and follow those who are smarter, wiser, and stronger than they are. Higher moral and ethical standards motivate other people to achieve that level. The police officer in the community policing environment is a leader. Leadership consists of two levels: the first is when a leader grows; the second is when he helps grow people around him. The police officer duty is to teach and lead others. Higher
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Updated June 2012
Every year, the American Civil Liberties Union of Utah receives calls from Utah high school students seeking to form student clubs in which they can create a safe, welcoming, and accepting environment for all youth, regardless of their sexual
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Updated June 2012
Every year, the American Civil Liberties Union of Utah receives calls from Utah high school students seeking to form student clubs in which they can create a safe, welcoming, and accepting environment for all youth, regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity. Often called Queer/Straight Alliances or Gay/Straight Alliances (QSAs), these clubs are important resources for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) students, as well as for those who are perceived by others to be LGBTQ, who are questioning their identity, who have LGBTQ friends or family members, or who just care about LGBTQ issues.
Legal Protection for Non-Curricular QSAs
QSAs are often formed as non-curricular clubs, which are student clubs that are not directly related to a school’s curriculum. In contrast, curricular clubs relate directly to subjects taught in school. The federal Equal Access Act applies to non-curricular clubs. Under the Equal Access Act, if a public high school allows any non-curricular student group access to school resources, then it must provide all other non-curricular student groups--including QSAs--equal access to the school’s resources. If the school treats some non-curricular clubs differently than others, then it risks losing its federal funding.
Can a QSA be a curricular club?
Utah law authorizes school districts to allow only curricular clubs and bar all non-curricular clubs at schools, though the wisdom and constitutionality of doing so is suspect. Utah law, however, does not bar QSAs from forming as curricular clubs. Moreover, the First Amendment prohibits schools from discriminating among curricular clubs because school officials do not like a particular club’s message.
What is Utah law regarding student clubs?
Utah House Bill 236, made part of Utah’s Student Clubs Act in 2007, imposes various requirements and limitations for curricular and non-curricular student clubs, some of which are of particular concern to QSAs. One such limitation is that a club’s intended purposes or activities may not “involve human sexuality.” In the past, lawmakers have hoped that the “involve human sexuality” clause would allow districts to prohibit QSAs while keeping other non-curricular clubs in their schools. This thinking ignores the fact that the focus of QSAs is not sex but issues related to sexual orientation and how to combat unfair treatment and prejudice. Also, if school officials assume that a QSA will discuss sex but other clubs will not, they unfairly (and unconstitutionally) single out a club based on a stereotype.
House Bill 236 also requires parental consent for a student to participate in a club. This requirement is troubling because students who are most impacted by this requirement—those who feel they cannot express gay-positive viewpoints to their parents and those whose parents are not active enough in their lives to sign a permission slip—are the ones who would most benefit from being part of a QSA. Moreover, we believe that the parental consent requirement may be unconstitutional because it allows a third party to prohibit students from exercising their First Amendment right to expressive association by joining a school club. For many students, joining a school club is their first independent exercise of their constitutional rights to expression and association, and they should not have to ask their parents for permission to do so.
The Utah State School Board, local school districts and schools may also make policies relating to student clubs. These policies, however, cannot be more restrictive than the federal Equal Access Act or the First Amendment.
Despite the requirements and limits placed on QSAs and other clubs in 2007, many QSAs have successfully formed at schools throughout Utah in the last several years. Despite these successes, however, the ACLU of Utah remains on alert for any problems faced by existing or new QSAs.
How does a student form a QSA?
Starting a QSA is like starting any other student club. Under Utah law, students must submit a written application for club authorization that includes specific information. Students should ask their school for a list of rules for forming an official student organization and then follow those rules carefully. If they run into any problems, students should document the application process by keeping a record of the dates when they submitted something to the school, how and when the school responded, as well as copies of any material they submitted. The Utah Pride Center may also be able to provide students with support in QSA formation.
If a school denies a QSA application, then the school must provide students with a written statement explaining why. Students then have the right to appeal this decision to “a designee authorized by the school governing board.” Students must file this appeal within ten school days from the date their club application was denied.
Are QSAs permitted in private schools?
Private schools do not have to abide by the requirements of the Equal Access Act or the First Amendment, and they may be able to legally prohibit QSAs.
What can students do if they are having a difficult time forming a QSA, if their QSA application has been denied, or if their school is threatening to disband an existing QSA?
The ACLU of Utah is committed to protecting students’ constitutional rights. We can advoca
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January 29, 2008
Cats’ Family Tree Rooted in Middle East
The Fertile Crescent of the Middle East has long been identified as a "cradle of civilization" for humans. In a new genetic study,
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January 29, 2008
Cats’ Family Tree Rooted in Middle East
The Fertile Crescent of the Middle East has long been identified as a "cradle of civilization" for humans. In a new genetic study, researchers at the University of California, Davis, have concluded that all ancestral roads for the modern day domestic cat also lead back to the same locale.
Findings of the study, involving more than 11,000 cats, are reported in the cover article of the January issue of the journal Genomics."This study confirms earlier research suggesting that the domestication of the cat started in the Fertile Crescent region," said Monika Lipinski, lead researcher on the study and a doctoral candidate in the School of Veterinary Medicine. "It also provides a warning for modern cat fanciers to make sure they maintain a broad genetic base as they further develop their breeds."
Leslie Lyons, an authority on cat genetics and principal investigator on this study, said: "More than 200 genetic disorders have been identified in modern cats, and many are found in pure breeds. We hope that cat breeders will use the genetic information uncovered by this study to develop efficient breed-management plans and avoid introducing genetically linked health problems into their breeds."
HISTORY OF THE MODERN CAT
Earlier archaeological evidence and research on the evolutionary history of cats has suggested that domestication of the cat originated about 5,000 to 8,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent, a region located today in the Middle East. This is the area around the eastern end of the Mediterranean, stretching from Turkey to northern Africa and eastward to modern day Iraq and Iran. This domestication of the cat occurred as humans transitioned from nomadic herding to raising crops and livestock.
Cats, with their penchant for hunting mice, rats and other rodents, became useful companions as people domesticated, grew and stored wild grains and grasses. Eventually, cats also became pets but were never fully domesticated. Even today, most domestic cats remain self-sufficient, if necessary, and continue to be efficient hunters, even when provided with food.
Cats and their gene pools spread rapidly around the world as ancient civilizations developed trade routes. Unlike other domesticated species, there has been little effort to improve on the cat for functional purposes. Instead, development of cat breeds has been driven more by preferences for certain aesthetic qualities like coat color and color patterns.
Today, there are 50 recognized cat breeds. Of that total, 16 breeds are thought to be "natural breeds" that occurred in specific regions, while the remaining breeds were developed during the past 50 years.
THE UC DAVIS STUDY
In this study, the UC Davis research team focused on:
-- tracing the movement of the modern cat through the ancient world and to the Americas;
-- measuring changes in genetic diversity as cats dispersed throughout the world; and
-- measuring any loss of genetic diversity that might have occurred in the development of the older or more contemporary breeds.
-- The researchers collected samples of cheek cells from more than 11,000 cats. These cats represented 17 populations of randomly bred cats from Europe, the Mediterranean, Asia, Africa and the Americas, as well as 22 recognized breeds.
DNA samples of most breeds were obtained at cat shows or were sent in upon the lab's request by cat owners in the United States. The study was assisted by a host of collaborators from throughout the world. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans, other animals and plants. It carries the instructions or blueprint for making all the structures and materials that the organism needs to function.
Genetic markers called "microsatellite markers," commonly used for DNA profiling, were used to determine the genetic relationships of cat breeds, their geographic origins and the levels of genetic loss that have resulted from inbreeding.
From the DNA analysis, the researchers found that the cats were genetically clustered in four groups that corresponded with the regions of Europe, the Mediterranean basin, east Africa and Asia.
They discovered that randomly bred cats in the Americas were genetically similar to randomly bred cats from Western Europe. They also found that the Maine coone and American shorthair -- two breeds that originated in the United States -- were genetically similar to the seven Western European breeds. This suggests that cats brought to the New World by European settlers have not had sufficient time to develop significant genetic differentiation from their Western European ancestors.
The study yielded many interesting breed-specific findings. For example, the researchers found that the Persian breed, perhaps the oldest recognized pure breed, was not genetically associated with randomly bred cat populations from the Near East, but rather was more closely associated with randomly bred cats of Western Europe.
In addition, the researchers found that, of the Asian cat breeds, only the Japanese bobtail was genetically clustered with Western cats, although it did retain some Asian influence.
Cats from the Mediterranean region were found to be genetically uniform, perhaps a result of the constant movement of ships and caravans during the early era of the cat's domestication, the researchers suggested.
LESSON FOR CAT BREEDERS
The study found that genetic d
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Are you a native English speaker? How do you pronounce this word?
n. - A children's game played with little balls made of a hard substance (as glass); The basic human power of intelligent thought and perception.
Tutoring comment not
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Are you a native English speaker? How do you pronounce this word?
n. - A children's game played with little balls made of a hard substance (as glass); The basic human power of intelligent thought and perception.
Tutoring comment not yet availa
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NEW BEDFORD — On July 5, 1852, Frederick Douglass spoke before a crowd in Rochester, New York, giving a talk that became known as "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro." On Thursday evening at Se
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NEW BEDFORD — On July 5, 1852, Frederick Douglass spoke before a crowd in Rochester, New York, giving a talk that became known as "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro." On Thursday evening at Seamen's Bethel, poet Everett Hoagland and SouthCoast residents gave voice to Douglass's speech to a crowd of nearly 75 people.
His words were spoken by those whose voices filled the building. Some were soft-spoken, Douglass’s words echoing against the walls. Others spoke with a hair-raising ferocity.
One hundred and 65 years since his first address, Douglass' message raises issues that are still being dealt with today.
"A lot of the issues he raised, like prison rates among blacks and immigration, carry a lot of relevance 165 years later. They're issues we're still struggling with today," said Lee Blake, president of the New Bedford Historical Society, sponsors of the event.
Blake said across the state Douglass's speech is being interpreted in cities and towns this week. In New Bedford, the birthplace of Douglass as a free man, his speech has been read for the last five years.
"A lot of his abolitionist thinking was supported by the city in that time," she said.
Reading an abridged version of his speech, each reader took the time out to reflect on some of the issues he raised and discussed with the crowd how they ring true today.
"Substitute desperate refugee for slave, African American for slave or women for slaves in many of passages and it suggests much is still the same," Hoagland said.
"Oppression makes a wise man mad. With brave men there is always a remedy for oppression."
“People resist oppression, that’s true today with Black Lives Matter,” Hoagland said.
He supported the ideals of the revolution against the British and used that to draw parallels for his argument for the freedom of slaves.
“Douglass had no problems with the Declaration of Independence,” Hoagland said. “He believed what it stood for. His problem was the preaching of the Declaration versus the practice. I believe we still have that problem today.”
"An American judge gets ten dollars for every victim he consigns to slavery, and five, when he fails to do so."
A woman compared Douglass’s passage to for-profit prisons. And how those wardens make fortunes for filling their prisons with as many people as possible, regardless of proper living conditions or, in some cases, a person’s guilt or innocence.
"No nation can now shut itself up from the surrounding world, and trot round in the same old path of its fathers without interference."
A positive take on the country, and today, the world by Douglass. Accountability by global organizations such as NATO ensure atrocities like the Holocaust don’t reoccur in history.
"They love their country better than their own private interest; and all will concede that is a rare virtue, that ought to command respect."
A man from the back right of the room said that today too many of the country's leaders do the exact opposite — leaving the country lesser at the expense of an inconvenience or profit loss.
Follow Wesley Sykes on Twitter @WesleySykes_SCT.
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Improving Livestock Water Productivity: Lessons from the Nile River Basin
Don Peden, Consultant, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) Ethiopia
Many criticisms regarding livestock keeping in recent years stem from the perception in developed countries
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Improving Livestock Water Productivity: Lessons from the Nile River Basin
Don Peden, Consultant, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) Ethiopia
Many criticisms regarding livestock keeping in recent years stem from the perception in developed countries that animal production consumes too much water; especially in a world where farmers’ access to water resources is decreasing. Research conducted over the past ten years confirms that excessive water use is common, especially for beef production in industrialised countries. However, understanding water use in small-scale livestock farming systems in many developing countries requires a different way of thinking. This article highlights key research findings from a project in the Nile River Basin (Awulachew et al., 2012), along with their implications for agricultural water management in general and livestock keeping in particular. The results are drawn primarily from the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture (2007) and the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food.
Key research findings
- Rainfall is the ultimate agricultural water resource. Past research and development focused on management of blue-water resources, which include rivers, lakes and streams, particularly for irrigation. However, about 60% of global rainfall accumulates as soil water and evaporates or transpires directly to the atmosphere without passing through blue-water bodies. This is termed green water (Falkenmark and Rockstrom, 2006).
- The Nile River Basin receives ≈1,900 billion m3 of rainfall per year. About 4% (≈80 billion m3) passes through the river and lakes of the Nile to reach Lake Nasser, Egypt. Of the Nile catchment area, 62% is used for livestock grazing and mixed crop-livestock systems, and it receives about 85% (≈1600 billion m3) of total basin rainfall (Peden et al., 2009). Evapotranspiration (ET) from green water in these agricultural areas is 63% (1200 billion m3) of basin rainfall. Access to more rainfall and surface flow water and using it more productively and effectively for the benefit of people and nature offers the greatest opportunity for improved cropping and livestock production.
- Inappropriate management of both livestock grazing and mixed crop-livestock systems is a leading cause of land degradation or desertification in the Nile Basin. Loss of vegetative cover, biomass and production characterises land degradation and results in sub-optimally high evaporation (E) and low transpiration (T) rates. Because T is a primary driver of plant production, conversion of non-productive E to productive T is key to improving crop and livestock water productivity. Here, we focus on livestock water productivity (The Rangeland Journal, 2009), but simultaneous consideration of cultivation practices and conservation of natural biodiversity remains necessary.
- Although drinking water is crucial to animal production, the amount of water required to produce animal feed may be 100 times greater than that for direct animal intake. By focusing on water use for feed production and the impacts of livestock-keeping on hydrology, increasing livestock water productivity (LWP) can help enhance beneficial goods and services derived from domestic animals while making more effective use of available water in rainfed agriculture.
Livestock water productivity
Within an agricultural system, rainfall is the primary source of water, but surface flow from upstream areas can be locally important. Depletion usually refers to the volume of water lost from an agro-ecosystem and includes transpiration, evaporation and downstream discharge. LWP is a scale-dependent concept. For example, water depleted from a small upstream watershed may be available to downstream users.
LWP is the ratio of the total value of goods and services derived from domestic animals to the amount of water depleted as a cost of livestock-keeping (Figure 1). Livestock provide multiple benefits and services such as meat, milk, hides, manure, farm power and a preferred means to accumulate wealth. To increase LWP, we must increase the benefits animals provide or reduce the amount of water depleted through livestock-keeping. To assess multiple benefits, we can monetise and use monetary equivalents such as US$ per cubic metre of water depleted. While non-monetary cultural benefits remain important, they were not addressed in this research. There are four basic LWP-enhancing strategies:
- Feed sourcing and management strategies require procurement of feeds with a low water cost of production (WCP). A prime example is using food-feed crops in mixed crop-livestock systems. Growing 1 dry weight kg of a crop such as teff, maize or sorghum typically requires 2-3 m3 of water. After harvest, crop residues used to sustain domestic animals constitutes feed that requires no additional water. Notwithstanding farmers’ potential use of crop residues for fuel, home construction and soil nutrient replenishment, effective use of food-feed crops reduces the WCP of both crop and animal products. In some cases, such as dryland pastures, forage may have a relatively lower WCP because available water cannot sustain competitive demands from cultivation. Within water-scarce areas, importation of feed for livestock creates no additional local demand for water, although it likely will do so elsewhere.
- Production-enhancing strategies help maximise benefits derived from animal production per unit volume of water depleted. Water used to produce feed for sick and dying animals results in little or no benefit to producers. Thus veterinary care, provision of appropriate nutrients and creation of a stress-free environment helps increase LWP, as can enhancing market
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WHY USE CENSUS DATA?
Let's say you are thinking of moving to the Queensland Gold Coast, and you would like to do some research about the area. You can get demographic information from a Basic Community Profile (BCP). For
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WHY USE CENSUS DATA?
Let's say you are thinking of moving to the Queensland Gold Coast, and you would like to do some research about the area. You can get demographic information from a Basic Community Profile (BCP). For example, the number of people living there, the age profile, housing costs, average weekly income, the industries that employ people or the age and sex of computer users.
There are special geographic areas that are used for the collection and publication of Census data. These geographic areas are known as spatial units. These spatial units are defined in the Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC) - Cat. No.1216.0.
The main ASGC hierarchy includes the following geographic areas:
You can get more information about Census geography from the following links:
Collection District (CD)
A CD is the smallest unit used for collecting and recording Census data. The CD is the base unit used to build the other Census spatial units. CD's can be added up, or aggregated, to cover larger areas, like Statistical Local Areas (SLA's).
The traditional concept of a CD is that it defines an area that one Census collector can cover (delivering and collecting census forms) in about a ten-day period.
However, in the 2001 Census, many urban CD's are of a size such that Census collectors may be allocated more than one CD. In urban areas CD's average about 220 dwellings. In rural areas the number of dwellings per CD reduces as population densities decrease.
For the 2001 Census there were 37,209 CD's defined throughout Australia.
Statistical Local Area (SLA)
The SLA is a general purpose spatial unit. In Census years, the SLA consists of one or more whole CD's. In non-Census years, the SLA is the smallest unit defined in the ASGC. The SLA is also the base spatial unit used to collect and disseminate statistics other than those collected from the Population Census.
In aggregate (when you add them all up), SLA's cover the whole of Australia without gaps or overlaps.
For the 2001 Census there were 1,353 SLA's defined throughout Australia.
Statistical Subdivisions (SSD)
The SSD is a general purpose spatial unit of intermediate size between the SLA (smaller) and the SD (large
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The main features of mathematics at Albert Park Primary School are:
We teach these areas of Mathematics from Prep to Grade 6:
Measurement, Chance and Data
The Australian Curriculum: Mathematics is organised around the interaction of three content strands and four proficiency strands
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The main features of mathematics at Albert Park Primary School are:
We teach these areas of Mathematics from Prep to Grade 6:
Measurement, Chance and Data
The Australian Curriculum: Mathematics is organised around the interaction of three content strands and four proficiency strands. http://ausvels.vcaa.vic.edu.au/Mathematics/Overview/Content-structure
The content strands are Number and Algebra, Measurement and Geometry, and Statistics and Probability. They describe what is to be taught and learnt.
The proficiency strands are Understanding, Fluency, Problem Solving, and Reasoning. They describe how content is explored or developed, that is, the thinking and doing of mathematics. They provide the language to build in the developmental aspects of the learning of mathematics and have been incorporated into the content descriptions of the three content strands described above. This approach has been adopted to ensure students’ proficiency in mathematical skills develops throughout the curriculum and becomes increasingly sophisticated over the levels of schooling.
All students are monitored and assessed against the expectations of the AusVELS. More information on AusVELS is available on the VCAA website which can be accessed via the following link.
The proficiency strands describe the actions in which students can engage when learning and using the content. While not all proficiency strands apply to every content description, they indicate the breadth of mathematical actions that teachers can emphasise. They are represented across and within the Level Descriptions, Content Descriptions and Achievement Standards.
The proficiency strand of Understanding helps students to build a robust knowledge of adaptable and transferable mathematical concepts. At Albert Park Primary we encourage students to make connections between related concepts and progressively apply the familiar to new mathematical ideas.
The proficiency strand of Fluency helps students to develop skills in choosing appropriate procedures, carrying out procedures flexibly, accurately, efficiently and appropriately, and recalling factual knowledge and concepts readily. At Albert Park Primary we encourage students to use their readily recall on their mathematically understandings, definitions and number facts.
The proficiency strand of Problem Solving helps students to make choices, interpret, formulate, model and investigate problem situations, and communicate solutions effectively. At Albert Park Primary we relate Mathematics to meaningful situations and give students the opportunity to design investigations and plan their approaches when solving.
The proficiency strand of Reasoning allows students to develop their voice when reasoning mathematically as they explain their thinking, and as deduce and justify strategies used and conclusions reached. At Albert Park Primary we encourage students to adapt their thinking to different mathematical situations and explain their reasoning theoretically and verbally.
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Enforcement of European patents
European patents are granted by the European Patent Office (EPO) under the legal provisions of the European Patent Convention (EPC). However, European patents are enforced at a national level, i.e. on a per
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Enforcement of European patents
European patents are granted by the European Patent Office (EPO) under the legal provisions of the European Patent Convention (EPC). However, European patents are enforced at a national level, i.e. on a per-country basis. Under Article 64(3) EPC, "any infringement of a European patent shall be dealt with by national law," with the European Patent Office having no legal competence to deal with and to decide on patent infringements in the Contracting States to the EPC. A few, limited aspects relating to the infringement of European patents are however prescribed in the EPC.
Proposals have been long discussed to create a true unitary European patent system across Europe and especially across the European Union (EU), i.e. a European patent system wherein the enforcement of European-wide patents would be dealt at a supranational level rather than at a national level. These projects include the European Union patent (formerly named "Community patent") and the European Patent Litigation Agreement (EPLA). The European Union patent is about to come to fruition, whereas the EPLA proposal has been dropped.
The enforcement of European patents is therefore characterized by a fragmented system with "variegated national approaches towards patent-related litigations and (...) the possibility of having opposite decisions (and hence outcome) in case of parallel litigations."
Extent of protection
- The extent of the protection conferred by a European patent or a European patent application shall be determined by the claims. Nevertheless, the description and drawings shall be used to interpret the claims.
In other words, the "extent of the protection" conferred by a European patent is determined primarily by reference to the claims of the European patent (rather than by the disclosure of the specification and drawings, as in some older patent systems), though the description and drawings are to be used as interpretive aids in determining the meaning of the claims. A "Protocol on the Interpretation of Article 69 EPC" provides further guidance, that claims are to be construed using a "fair" middle position, neither "strict, literal" nor as mere guidelines to considering the description and drawings, though of course even the protocol is subject to national interpretation. The authentic text of a European patent application and of a European patent are the documents in the language of the proceedings.
Products directly obtained by a process
A second aspect relating to the infringement of European patents is prescribed in Article 64(2) EPC. The EPC requires that national courts must consider the "direct product of a patented process" to be an infringement. Article 64(2) EPC reads:
- If the subject-matter of the European patent is a process, the protection conferred by the patent shall extend to the products directly obtained by such process.
Other aspects, including costs
All other substantive rights attached to a European patent in a Contracting State, such as what acts constitute infringement (indirect and divided infringement, infringement by equivalents, extraterritorial infringement, infringement outside the term of the patent with economic effect during the term of the patent, infringement of product claims by processes for making or using, exports, assembly of parts into an infringing whole, etc.), the effect of prosecution history on interpretation of the claims, remedies for infringement or bad faith enforcement (injunction, damages, attorney fees, other civil penalties for willful infringement, etc.), equitable defenses, coexistence of an EP national daughter and a national patent for identical subject matter, ownership and assignment, extensions to patent term for regulatory approval, etc., are expressly remitted to national law.
Not only the national judicial procedures differ, the litigation costs and duration may significantly vary from one country to another.
- "Litigation costs vary significantly across jurisdictions. The United Kingdom is by far the most expensive jurisdiction among EPC member states. The cost is much higher than in the three other jurisdictions, and is nearly as high as their cumulated costs. The litigation costs in Germany, France and the Netherlands are similar."
For a period in the late-1990s, national courts issued cross-border injunctions covering all EP jurisdictions, but this has been limited by the European Court of Justice. In two cases in July 2006 interpreting Articles 6.1 and 16.4 of the Brussels Convention, the European Court of Justice held that European patents are national rights that must be enforced nationally, that it was "unavoidable" that infringements of the same European patent have to be litigated in each relevant national court, even if the lawsuit is against the same group of companies, and that cross-border injunctions are not available.
- Brussels regime
- Claims under the European Patent Convention
- European patent law
- Spider in the web doctrine
- Malwina Mejer, Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, "Economic Incongruities in the European Patent System", ECARES working paper 2009‐003, January 2009.
- Article 69(1) EPC
- Protocol on the Interpretation of Article 69 EPC
- E.g., Southco Inc v Dzus, R.P.C. 299 CA; Improver Corp. v Remington Products Inc FSR 181.
- Article 70 EPC
- Singer/Stauder, The European Patent Convention, A Commentary, Muni
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utf8_encode(Training and Management Development in Organisation)
Training and Management Development in Organisation Training and its particular significance in Organisation Every Organisation needs to have well-skilled and experienced people to do the tasks that need to be done. To get a fruitful
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utf8_encode(Training and Management Development in Organisation)
Training and Management Development in Organisation Training and its particular significance in Organisation Every Organisation needs to have well-skilled and experienced people to do the tasks that need to be done. To get a fruitful Organisation, it's important to increase the skill intensity and grow the versatility and adaptability of workers with regard to progressive and technological transformation of doing things effectively. Training can be a learning experience in which an individual will improve his/her power to do on the job. We could also normally say that training can involve the transforming of skills, knowledge, approach or social behavior of a worker i.e. training shifts what worker know, how they work, their behavior towards their work or their interactions with their fellow workers or managers.
Training Systems Off-the-Job-Training: Off - the - Work training occurs where workers are not involved with a real-life problem rather than giving instruction through lectures, movies, case study or simulative etc, which can may be as follows: a) Class-area lectures/conference/workshops: In this sort of training method, unique advice, rules, ordinances, procedures and policies get through lectures or discussion using audio-visual demonstration. b) Pictures: Generally, movies are employed here; films are created internally by the business that demo and provide info for the trainees that might not be simple by other training procedures. c) Simulation exercise: In this method, the trainees are placed in an artificial functioning environment. Simulations contain case exercise, experimental exercise, elaborate computer modeling and so forth. d) Experimental Exercise: This is a brief ordered learning experience where individuals are learnt by performing. Here experimental exercises are utilized to create a conflict situation and trainees workout the problem. E) Computer Modeling: Here a computer modelling really simulates the functioning ecosystem imitating a few of the worlds of the business. f) Vestibule training: In vestibule training the trainees are provided the equipments that they are going to use within the occupation but training is ran away from the work flooring. It is not difficult to organize a training program for the employees but it is also important to assess the training need and its own prospect and at the same time it is essential to select appropriate economical training strategy i.e. mgmt must insist on a thorough cost-advantage assessment to ensure make sure that training would generate satisfactory return for the That. The most famous training procedures used by Organisations might be classified as either on-the-job training or off-th-job training which might be mentioned as under: On-the-Job Training: The most popular training procedures that happen on the job. This system puts the employee in an actual work situation and makes an employee instantly productive. That is why it's also called learning in doing. For jobs that is either simple to learn by watching and doing or occupations that is difficult to simulate, this method make sense. One of the drawbacks for this process is worker's low-productivity since an employee makes mistake in learning. The favorite onthe-job training Talent Strategy strategy used are referred to as follows: a) Job Education Training: In this process, supervisors are prepared to coach procedures through planning workers by telling them about the occupation, presenting teachings, giving fundamental information about the employment clearly, having the trainees try out the occupation to exhibit their comprehension and lastly setting the trainee in the task on their own using a supervisor whom they should want support if required. b) Apprenticeship programs: Here the employees are required to experience apprenticeship training before they're accepted to certain condition. With this type of training employees are called trainee and paid less wages.
Need for Training Training is provided to workers of an Organisation according to some objects. In an effective training program, the supervisor establishes the Organisational aim, what tasks to be carried out to accomplish the goal and consequently determines what abilities, information, expertise are required to perform this project and arrange essential trainings for your workers. The need for training might be described as follows: 1) Through coaching a worker can alter his/her attitude to the work a coworker. 2) Trainings substantially affect personal advancement and growth of a worker. 3) Training assures commitment and loyalty of the worker and decrease employee turnover. 4) A highly effective training program helps employees to feel confident and comfortable in performing occupations. 5) Coaching helps the employee for swift adaptation inside the Organisation. 6) A trainee can have information on new methods of function and feel assured. 7) A member of staff learns regarding the traditions, objectives and business policies through powerful training. 8) Employee can have proper knowledge of the business-customer-relationship. 9) Training can be an introduction to new workers at work. He is able to have basic familiarity with his /her job and jobs to be carried out. Management Improvement and its goal "Management Improvement is an activity by which a person makes in learning how to manage effectively and efficiently" (Koontz & Weehrich) We also can define direction development is an educational process generally aimed at managers to reach human, analytic, conceptual and specific skills to de
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APES Chapter 12
Transcript of APES Chapter 12
Renewable Energy Resources KaiLea Stiffler
APES 2 pp. 322-330 pp.330-337
Key Ideas Key Terms Checkpoints Key Ideas Checkpoints Key Terms Key Terms Inefficiencies in energy extraction and use. Checkpoints pp.315-322 nonrenewable energy source: An energy source with a finite supply, primarily the fossil fuels and nuclear fuels.
fossil fuel: A fuel derived from biological material that became fossilized millions of years ago.
nuclear fuel: Fuel derived from radioactive materials that give of energy.
commercial energy source: An energy source that is bought and sold.
subsistence energy sources: Energy sources gathered by individuals for their own immediate needs. What are three examples of energy sources used by humans? Coal, oil and natural gas
Describe the difference between energy efficiency and energy quality. Energy efficiency both the efficiency of the process of obtaining the fuel and the efficiency of the process that converts it into the work that is needed. Energy quality is a measure of the ease with which stored energy
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Submitted to: Soil Science
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 2/4/1999
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: N/A Interpretive Summary: Understanding of the process of water infiltration into
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Submitted to: Soil Science
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 2/4/1999
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: N/A Interpretive Summary: Understanding of the process of water infiltration into soil is important to be able to predict soil erosion, runoff of water and chemicals from soil, water availability to plants, movement of chemicals to groundwater, salt leaching, and groundwater recharge. An important soil parameter is the conductivity of soil to water, the soil hydraulic conductivity. Researchers and agricultural managers who need to be able to predict infiltration must have estimates of hydraulic conductivity including the range of values they can expect. Unfortunately, soil hydraulic conductivity can be very expensive to measure. This research describes an improved method to estimated saturated hydraulic conductivity using soil porosity, an easily measured soil property, and an index of soil pore size distribution. The soil pore size distribution can be easily estimated from soil survey data. This improved method of estimating soil hydraulic conductivity will make it easier for agricultural managers to obtain realistic values of hydraulic conductivity in order to predict infiltration.
Technical Abstract: Effective porosity (defined here as the difference between satiated total porosity (saturated water content) and water filled porosity at a matric potential of 33 kPa) has been shown to be a good predictor for saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) using a modified Kozeny-Carman equation. The purpose of this study was to improve the predictive capability of the modified Kozeny-Carman equation by including information from moisture release curves (soil water content vs matric potential relation). We fitted the Brooks-Corey (B-C) equation parameters to moisture release data from a large database (>500 samples) of soils of data from the Southeastern United States. Values of Ks were also available from the same source. The B-C parameters were the pore size distribution factor and air entry potential. The pore size distribution factor was strongly correlated with effective porosity and with Ks. As a result, inclusion of the pore interaction factor into the Kozeny-Carman equation improved the Ks estimation over using only effective porosity. The improvement came through a better estimation of large values of Ks. Using pore interaction factors and air entry potentials averaged by textural class, and from an equation as a function of these two variables. A constant value of n=2.5 was used for the exponent. Values of Ks calculated using this new independent equation were comparable to values calculated by fitting the slope and exponent of the Kozeny-Carman equation to the Southern Region data. The advantage of the proposed method is that no parameters were fit using the data set from which predicted and measu
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Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.
2000 October 8
Explanation: What on Earth is that? The Richat Structure in
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Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.
2000 October 8
Explanation: What on Earth is that? The Richat Structure in the Sahara Desert of Mauritania is easily visible from space because it is nearly 50 kilometers across. Once thought to be an impact crater, the Richat Structure's flat middle and lack of shock-altered rock indicates otherwise. The possibility that the Richat Structure was formed by a volcanic eruption also seems improbable because of the lack of a dome of igneous or volcanic rock. Rather, the layered sedimentary rock of the Richat structure is now thought by many to have been caused by uplifted rock sculpted by erosion. Why the Richat Structure is nearly circular remains a mystery.
Authors & editors:
Jerry Bonnell (USRA)
NASA Technical Rep.: Jay Norris. Specific rights apply.
A service of: LHEA at NASA/GSFC
& Michigan Tech. U.
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Who’s Leading the Leading Health Indicators?
Webinar: Mental Health
Register Now | March 23, 2017 | 10 to 11 am MT/12 to 1 p.m. ET
Join Healthy People 2020
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Who’s Leading the Leading Health Indicators?
Webinar: Mental Health
Register Now | March 23, 2017 | 10 to 11 am MT/12 to 1 p.m. ET
Join Healthy People 2020 on Thursday, March 23, 2017 to learn about progress made toward achieving the Healthy People 2020 Mental Health Leading Health Indicators. You’ll also hear how one community organization is implementing the Sources of Strength Program to prevent suicide among youth.
About Mental Health
The burden of mental illness in the United States is among the highest of all diseases, and mental disorders are among the most common causes of disability. Mental health is essential to a person’s well-being, healthy family and interpersonal relationships, and the ability to live a full and productive life. Early diagnosis and treatment can decrease the disease burden of mental health disorders as well as associated chronic diseases. Assessing and addressing mental health remains important to ensure that all Americans lead longer, healthier lives.
About Healthy People 2020 Leading Health Indicators
The Leading Health Indicators (LHIs) represent a smaller set of Healthy People 2020 objectives selected to communicate high-priority health issues and actions to help address them. LHIs are used to assess the health of the Nation, facilitate collaboration across sectors, and motivate action to improve the health of the U.S. population.
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| Alexander the Great, Abraham Lincoln, Benjamin Franklin, Florence Nightingale, Konosuke Matsushita, Mahatma Gandhi, Mother Teresa, Thomas Edison… and Canon as a corporate ‘person’ are, in their own unique ways
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| Alexander the Great, Abraham Lincoln, Benjamin Franklin, Florence Nightingale, Konosuke Matsushita, Mahatma Gandhi, Mother Teresa, Thomas Edison… and Canon as a corporate ‘person’ are, in their own unique ways, masters of greatness.
They have left deep imprints in the soul of humanity. They are looked upon as role models and they will continue to inspire people for years, generations and centuries.
I call them PRAISE Champions because they lived by principles similar to those of the PRAISE model, even though they obviously did not know about PRAISE in the way presented in this book.
- Alexander the Great once conquered ‘the world’ as it was then known to him. Yet his great
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Oxalic acid crystallizes in colorless, transparent, oblique, quadrilateral prisms with two-sided summits. The crystals are inodorous, have a strongly acid taste, faintly effloresce in a dry atmosphere,
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Oxalic acid crystallizes in colorless, transparent, oblique, quadrilateral prisms with two-sided summits. The crystals are inodorous, have a strongly acid taste, faintly effloresce in a dry atmosphere, redden litmus paper, and when pure are completely volatilized by heat, and without becoming blackened. They dissolve in from 8 to 11 parts of water at 15.5 C. (60 F.), in their own weight of water at 100 C. (212 F.), and in 4 parts of alcohol; the addition of a small quantity of nitric acid to the water causes them to dissolve more readily. Nearly all the oxalates are insoluble in water, excepting the alkaline. Oxalate of calcium is insoluble, and hence oxalic acid is useful as a test for calcium, and is usually employed in the form of oxalate of ammonium; if the liquor to be examined contains any free acid, this must first be neutralized, as the oxalate can only detect calcium in neutral or alkaline fluids. Oxalic acid reduced by hydrogen is converted into glycolic and acetic acids, and if the action be kept up sufficiently long the glycolic becomes wholly formed into acetic acid.Oxalic acid may be detected in any solution, by being entirely volatilized by heat; by yielding a white precipitate with nitrate of silver, soluble in nitric acid; and by giving a white precipitate with lime water, which is insoluble in water, readily soluble in nitric acid, insoluble in acetic acid, and which, when dried and heated to low redness, is converted, without blackening, into carbonate of calcium. Solution of sulphate of calcium produces a bluish-white precipitate with oxalic acid. Oxalic acid is sometimes contaminated with nitric acid, which gives a faint odor to it, and stains the cork of the bottle in which it is kept, yellow. If a very dilute solution of sulphate of indigo, containing the impure crystals, be boiled, the nitric acid present will decolorize the solution. On account of the resemblance between crystals of this acid and of magnesium sulphate, the latter has been used as an adulterant. This resemblance has also led to cases of poisoning, the person believing the acid to be Epsom salts. The acid may likewise be used for removing iron-rust and ink-stains from linen, and is employed in calico printing as a bleaching and discharge agent.
||Dr. Willmar Schwabe
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Protection of ground water for present and future use requires monitoring and understanding of the mechanisms controlling long-term quality of ground water. In this study, spatial and temporal trends in concentrations of nitrate and pesticides in ground water in the eastern San Joaquin
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Protection of ground water for present and future use requires monitoring and understanding of the mechanisms controlling long-term quality of ground water. In this study, spatial and temporal trends in concentrations of nitrate and pesticides in ground water in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California, were evaluated to determine the long-term effects of agricultural and urban development on regional ground-water quality. Trends in concentrations of nitrate, the nematocide 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, and the herbicide simazine during the last two decades are generally consistent with known nitrogen fertilizer and pesticide use and with the position of the well networks in the regional ground-water flow system. Concentrations of nitrate and pesticides are higher in the shallow part of the aquifer system where domestic wells are typically screened, whereas concentrations are lower in the deep part of the aquifer system where public-supply wells are typically screened. Attenuation processes do not seem to significantly affect concentrations. Historical data indicate that concentrations of nitrate have increased since the 1950s in the shallow and deep parts of the aquifer system. Concentrations of nitrate and detection of pesticides in the deep part of the aquifer system will likely increase as the proportion of highly affected water contributed to these wells increases with time. Because of the time of travel between the water table and the deep part of the aquifer system, current concentrations in public-supply wells likely reflect the effects of 40- to 50-yr-old management practices. Copyright?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.
Additional publication details
Regional nitrate and pesticide trends in ground water in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California
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Greg Clark, an economist at UC Davis, has come out with a new paper arguing that natural selection accounts for the rise of “capitalist” attitudes. Simply put, the rich capitalists had more offspring than the poor serfs, so humans evolved
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Greg Clark, an economist at UC Davis, has come out with a new paper arguing that natural selection accounts for the rise of “capitalist” attitudes. Simply put, the rich capitalists had more offspring than the poor serfs, so humans evolved a “set of preferences that were consistent with capitalism.” Here’s the abstract:
Before 1800 all societies, including England, were Malthusian. The average man or woman had 2 surviving children. Such societies were also Darwinian. Some reproductively successful groups produced more than 2 surviving children, increasing their share of the population, while other groups produced less, so that their share declined. But unusually in England, this selection for men was based on economic success from at least 1250, not success in violence as in some other pre-industrial societies. The richest male testators left twice as many children as the poorest. Consequently the modern population of the English is largely descended from the economic upper classes of the middle ages. At the same time, from 1150 to 1800 in England there are clear signs of changes in average economic preferences towards more “capitalist” attitudes. The highly capitalistic nature of English society by 1800 – individualism, low time preference rates, long work hours, high levels of human capital – may thus stem from the nature of the Darwinian struggle in a very stable agrarian society in the long run up to the Industrial Revolution. The triumph of capitalism in the modern world thus may lie as much in our genes as in ideology or rationality.
It’s a neat idea, but is the sort of biological theory that only an economist could invent. In other words, it’s a biological theory without any biology. Needless to say, nobody has demonstrated that “capitalist” attitudes are heritable, or that genetics has anything to do with our predisposition to the capitalist work ethic. While I’d never contemplated the selection pressures generated by the inequality of the middle ages – we are the offspring of the medieval elite – I think Clark overestimates the importance of genetics, and downplays the influence of culture and cultural institutions. I’d be more likely to believe that the Protestant Reformation led to the birth of capitalism than that a series of genetic adaptations made the modern economy possible. In general, cultural phenomenon – like capitalism – are best explained in terms of other cultural phenomenon, unless persuasive evidence (like an actual gene) suggests otherwise.
[Hat Tip: Marginal Revolution]
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Population - Regional average net change(1980-1990): +11.25 percent. Racial Distribution - More than three-quarters of the residents of the Northwest are white. Alaska has a sizable group of American Indians, Eskimos, and
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Population - Regional average net change(1980-1990): +11.25 percent. Racial Distribution - More than three-quarters of the residents of the Northwest are white. Alaska has a sizable group of American Indians, Eskimos, and Aleutian Islanders who together comprise more than 15 percent of the population. Hispanics range in percentage from 1.5 percent in Montana to 5.7 percent in Wyoming. The coastal states and Alaska have the largest black populations in the region; Alaska's amounts to 4 percent. A 4.3 percent Asian population resides in Washington. Economy - Agriculture, forestry, oil, gas, mining, aerospace, tourism, manufacturing, high technology, food production, commercial fishing. Per Capita Income - Regional average ( 1990) - $17,407 Unemployment - Regional average (through August 1992) - 6.15 percent Sources: *1990 census figures. The World Almanac and Book of Facts (1982, 1992), US Bureau of Labor Statistics.
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EXERCISES, LESSON 1
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer the following exercises by marking the lettered response that
best answers the exercise, by completing the incomplete statement, or by writing the
answer in the space provided at the end
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EXERCISES, LESSON 1
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer the following exercises by marking the lettered response that
best answers the exercise, by completing the incomplete statement, or by writing the
answer in the space provided at the end of the exercise.
After you have completed all the exercises, turn to "Solutions to Exercises" at the
end of the lesson and check your answers. For each exercise answered incorrectly,
reread the material referenced with the solution.
The US AMEDD uses a system to evacuate wounded,
injured, and sick soldiers from the combat area. This system is based upon a
similar system developed by the:
A permanent US AMEDD was established in:
Who discovered an effective method of disinfecting water using chlorine?
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Abuse of Google’s reCAPTCHA system has been reported, despite claims being denied by Google. It is alleged that the system has now been exploited by junk mail procurers. The system is being used by Google to protect Web sites from sp
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Abuse of Google’s reCAPTCHA system has been reported, despite claims being denied by Google. It is alleged that the system has now been exploited by junk mail procurers. The system is being used by Google to protect Web sites from spammers.
In a research published by Jonathan Wilkins regarding the security system, a 17.5% success rate against the system has been proven, which leaves the system highly vulnerable. CAPTCHA is also known as Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart. The concept of the system is to present users an image that is said to be unrecognizable for machines. In essence, it has been found that the warped image intended for optical recognition apparently cannot cover 100% of blocking unwanted bots getting into their system. These bots are used to create accounts in an alarming count of 864,000 accounts per day to be used for spamming.
Google,
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Hanael, the angel of joy, pleasure, beauty and nature, is the perfect fit for the Archangel of Venus. Meaning “Joy of God” or “Grace of God,” the name Hanael likely stems from the Hebrew words
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Hanael, the angel of joy, pleasure, beauty and nature, is the perfect fit for the Archangel of Venus. Meaning “Joy of God” or “Grace of God,” the name Hanael likely stems from the Hebrew words hana’ah plus the suffix –el. Other spellings of the name have included Haniel, Anael and Aniel.
In art and iconography, Hanael’s traditionally depicted dressed in dark, emerald green, and smiling or laughing. She appears more often in female form than in male. In various images, she carries a rose, a lantern, or a wand tipped with a pinecone, called a thyrsus. All of these symbols are deeply intertwined with the planet Venus.
After the Sun and Moon, Venus is by far the brightest object in the sky. So bright that she casts her own shadow, and can even be seen in the daytime, if you know exactly where to look. But, as a planet between Earth and the Sun, to observers on our planet, she never travels far from the Sun before she’s drawn back to its embrace. She is forever dancing between her guise as morning star and evening star.
To the Hellenistic Greeks, who invented our familiar form of astrology, Venus was the ideal icon of love and beauty; she captivates us. In their baser form, these become physical pleasures or the desire to create beautiful works. But in its highest expression, they draw us to union with the Divine, just as Venus is always drawn back to reunite with the Sun.
And so as the Archangel of Venus, Hanael helps us find joy and pleasure in all circumstances, to create beauty in art or music, or harmony in relationships. And, it’s Hanael who reminds that while earthly love is a gift, it’s in divine love that we find our ultimate fulfillment.
Hanael’s rose is also an ancient symbol of Venus. In relation to Earth, Venus’ orbit traces out a five-pointed star every eight years. This beautiful astronomical effect has been called the Rose of Venus, a reference to the five-petalled flower, a favorite of the love goddess.
Hanael’s emerald green tunic evokes the alchemical color of Venus – green – and the fecundity of Nature. It’s Hanael’s gift to make fruitful what was once barren.
The thyrsus carries a similar meaning. Carried by the followers Dionysus, the pinecone-topped wand conjures memes of fertility, pleasure, hedonism and renewal. But on a deeper level, it alludes to another mystery – the union of male and female energies activates the pineal gland, the so-called “third eye” that brings true spiritual vision.
And, we can’t forget Hanael’s lantern. One of Venus’ earliest epithets was “light bringer”; she lights our way back to the divine. In fact, in the Zohar, one of the foundational texts of the Qabala tradition, it was Haniel who was chosen to carry Enoch to heaven in the Merkabah to encounter God.
On the Qabalistic Tree of Life, Venus and Hanael are represented by the sphere Netzach – meaning “victory” or “eternity.” This Sephirot relates to divine immanence, the light of spirit infusing Nature and ordinary events, as well as our inner world of imagination, intuition and emotion.
When you crave the soothing balm of love and beauty in your life, or when you need to reconnect to the sweetness of the divine, seek Hanael’s aid and counsel. The most auspicious time to call upon her is Friday, Venus’ day, or in the hour of Venus.
Other Posts in this Series
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Definition of Trope
A trope is any word used in a figurative sense (i.e., a figure of speech) or a reoccurring theme or device in a work of literature. The first definition of trope can refer to numerous types
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Definition of Trope
A trope is any word used in a figurative sense (i.e., a figure of speech) or a reoccurring theme or device in a work of literature. The first definition of trope can refer to numerous types of figures of speech, which we explore below. The second definition of trope can be slightly derogatory in that a reoccurring theme in a certain genre can become cliché, and thus stale and overused. In this sense, a trope is similar to a convention of a genre, such as the common theme of a “dark lord” in the genre of fantasy or the appearance of a literal ticking bomb in an action or adventure story. The majority of this article will delve into the first definition of trope and the way that different tropes function in literature.
The word trope comes from the Greek word τρόπος (tropos), in which it means “a turn, direction, or way.” The word came to mean “a figure of speech” in Latin in the 1530s, as it developed the denotation of turning a word from its literal meaning to a figurative one.
Types of Tropes
There are many different figures of speech. The following is an incomplete list of trope examples:
- Allegory: An allegory is a work of art, such as a story or painting, in which the characters, images, and/or events act as symbols.
- Antanaclasis: Antanaclasis is to repeat a word or phrase but with a different meaning than in the first case.
- Euphemism: A euphemism is a polite or mild word or expression used to refer to something embarrassing, taboo, or unpleasant.
- Irony: Irony is a contrast or incongruity between expectations for a situation and what is reality.
- Meiosis: Meiosis is a figure of speech that minimizes the importance of something through euphemism.
- Metaphor: A metaphor is a rhetorical figure of speech that compares two subjects without the use of “like” or “as.”
- Metonymy: Metonymy is a figure of speech in which something is called by a new name that is related in meaning to the original thing or concept.
- Synecdoche: Synecdoche is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase that refers to a part of something is substituted to stand in for the whole, or vice versa.
The American literary theorist Kenneth Burke described “the four master tropes” to be metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony.
Common Examples of Trope
There are many different examples of tropes that we use in common speech. For instance, there are many pun examples which contain antanaclasis, such as the famous one-liner “Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a banana.”
Here are some other humorous quotes to demonstrate different types of tropes:
CUSTOMER: He’s not pinin’! He’s passed on! This parrot is no more! He has ceased to be! He’s expired and gone to meet his maker!He’s a stiff! Bereft of life, he rests in peace! If you hadn’t nailed him to the perch he’d be pushing up the daisies!
His metabolic processes are now history! He’s off the twig!
He’s kicked the bucket, he’s shuffled off his mortal coil, run down the curtain and joined the bleeding choir invisible!!
- Metaphor in the “Dead Parrot Sketch” from Monty Python
[after slicing one of the Black Knight’s arms off]
King Arthur: Now, stand aside, worthy adversary!
Black Knight: ‘Tis but a scratch!
King Arthur: A scratch? Your arm’s off!
King Arthur: [after Arthur’s cut off both of the Black Knight’s arms] Look, you stupid bastard, you’ve got no arms left!
Black Knight: Yes I have.
King Arthur: Look!
Black Knight: It’s just a flesh wound.
- Verbal irony in Monty Python and the Holy Grail
Significance
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2016 was a landmark year in cyber security. The cyber landscape was rocked as Internet of Things (IoT) threats became a reality and unleashed the first 1TB DDoS attacks — the largest in history.
Security experts had long warned
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2016 was a landmark year in cyber security. The cyber landscape was rocked as Internet of Things (IoT) threats became a reality and unleashed the first 1TB DDoS attacks — the largest in history.
Security experts had long warned of the potential of IoT attacks, and a number of other predictions also came true; Advanced Persistent Denial of Service (APDoS) attacks became standard, ransom attacks continued to grow and evolve and data protection agreements dominated privacy debates. So what’s coming in 2017?
Well, for years there have been theories about how a cyber attack could cripple society in some way. So what would this look like, and how could it come to fruition in 2017?
An attack type that has been largely ignored that could prove to be key in a major cyber attack is the Permanent Denial of Service (PDoS) attack. This attack type is unique as rather than collecting data or providing some on-going nefarious function its only aim is to completely prevent its target’s device from functioning.
PDoS, or Phlashing
PDoS, also known as “phlashing”, often damages its target to such an extent that replacement or reinstallation of hardware is usually required. Although the attack type itself has been around for some time now, but it’s easy to imagine how much damage they could do it today’s connected world, and therefore it could quickly gain momentum in 2017.
For example, one method PDoS leverages to accomplish its dama
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There are no reported withdrawal symptoms for Benadryl if taken as directed. Benadryl is a brand name for the antihistamine diphenhydramine, which is not considered to be an addictive substance.Continue Reading
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There are no reported withdrawal symptoms for Benadryl if taken as directed. Benadryl is a brand name for the antihistamine diphenhydramine, which is not considered to be an addictive substance.Continue Reading
Diphenhydramine gives relief from the effects of several minor ailments, such as colds, motion sickness and the treatment of common allergies. It stops the body from producing histamine and acetylcholine, which are responsible for making the eyes water and the nose run when suffering from a cold or hay fever, for example.
It is possible to develop a tolerance to Benadryl if it is used over a prolonged period, although this is different from having withdrawal symptoms. Tolerance means that the typical effects of a dose do not give the same relief as previously, which sometimes leads to the user taking more than the amount directed. This is dangerous because taking larger doses without medical supervision potentially leads to overdose.
Overdose poses serious health risks, including seizure, loss of consciousness and states of confusion, especially in young children. If overdose is suspected, it is necessary to contact emergency services immediately. With overdose symptoms such as drowsiness, pupil dilation, noticeable mood changes, blurred vision or the inability to urinate become apparent.Learn more about Side Effects
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(CBS) What's feeding America's obesity epidemic? Experts have blamed everything from junk food and sedentary jobs to a failure to exercise - or to exercise self-control. But now psychologists at Yale University say they've identified another culprit - the
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(CBS) What's feeding America's obesity epidemic? Experts have blamed everything from junk food and sedentary jobs to a failure to exercise - or to exercise self-control. But now psychologists at Yale University say they've identified another culprit - the media.
For years, magazines, websites, and other media have been slammed for using pictures of skinny models - psychologists say the images promote eating disorders by giving young women a wildly unrealistic view of the female form. Now the Yale docs say photos and videos that depict obese people stuffing their faces with fatty food or sprawling self-indulgently on a sofa are pushing fat people toward even bigger bodies.
Talk about irony.
Dr. Rebecca Puhl, director of research at Yale's Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity, calls the stereotype-promoting portrayals have become a major public health problem.
"These images greatly influence people's quality of life, both psychologically and in terms of physical health," she told CBS News. "They can lead to unhealthy behaviors that reinforce weight gain. They can lead to binging and avoidance of physical activity, and even lead people to drop out of weight-loss programs."
It's hard to tell just how big an impact the photos are having on our obesity epidemic, but Puhl said studies suggest that recent decades had seen a dramatic rise in the number of fat people saying they had been the victims of "weight-based" discrimination. And, she said, resea
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In 2001, Mark Prensky authored Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants in which he stated a discontinuity had taken place and that today’s students “think and process information fundamentally differently from their predecessors” (Prensky,
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In 2001, Mark Prensky authored Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants in which he stated a discontinuity had taken place and that today’s students “think and process information fundamentally differently from their predecessors” (Prensky, 2001, p. 1). As a result, fundamental changes to education should be sought to accommodate this evolution. Prensky asserts that teachers must find a way to instruct what he calls both legacy (reading, writing, arithmetic, logical thinking, etc.) and future content (software, hardware, robotics, nanotechnology, etc.) in a style more conducive to their students apparent learning style which includes moving through material faster and less step-by-step instruction (Prensky, 2001).
As an addendum to my last post, Scot Terban, author of the blog Krypt3ia which often discusses the intersection of information security and media psychology, recently wrote about the topic of digital immigrants and digital natives. But Scot goes a bit further to remark about digital natives, their online actvities and what he has termed the Lord of the Flies effect. Continue reading
As both digital immigrants and digital natives, we are witnessing an evolution in technology brought about at a much faster rate during our lifetimes due to changes in technologies which build upon on one another. This is something we typically didn’t see much of in the past because early adoption of new technologies happened in scientific communities, in the military and among the wealthy. Now, capitalism drives early adoption to the lowest level – the consumer – in order to increase profit, which in turn increases the demand for innovation, and so on. iPads, for example, seem to come out at least once a year these days, if not more often. Continue reading
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The one obvious natural suspect — the Sun — can pretty much be ruled out. It is an obvious suspect because astronomers know that the Sun can vary in brightness. When it does, the amount of heat it sends to the Earth varies too. It
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The one obvious natural suspect — the Sun — can pretty much be ruled out. It is an obvious suspect because astronomers know that the Sun can vary in brightness. When it does, the amount of heat it sends to the Earth varies too. It would not take much brightening to cause the increases in temperature we have seen. But satellites have been monitoring the Sun since the 1970s — when the fastest warming has been taking place — and the brightening just is not there.
There is plenty of other evidence — the pattern of warming, for example, which is greatest in the Arctic, and the pace, which is faster (as best we can tell) than prehistoric warming episodes. The upper atmosphere has actually cooled, because so much heat has been trapped below.
The bottom line is that nobody has come up with a natural explanation for the current warming episode that fits the observations. At the same time, the un-natural explanation—that our industrial civilization is a big part of the cause—fits the evidence.
That’s how we know it is not natural. One last thing. If the Earth has survived earlier warming episodes, what is so bad about this one even if it natural? The problem is that our civilization — where cities are located, where we grow food, where we get fresh water—is all based on the climate we have experienced for the last 10,000 years. So are many of the world’s ecosystems. If the climate changes, many of those things will suddenly find themselves in the wrong place.
How do we know?
Two NASA satellites, known as and, measure the brightness of the Sun from Earth orbit, where the dimming effects of our atmosphere are minimal. Another satellite, called, looks down with an instrument called AIRS at the atmosphere from above to measure how much carbon dioxide is in it. And, as we discussed in the answer to the first question, we are measuring the Earth’s radiation budget from space.
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- Religion and Philosophy
SAINT PAUL- The Thirteenth Apostle - Part II
The Thirteenth Apostle
Preaching and teaching the gospel was like a fire welling up inside Paul; he could not, and there is no
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- Religion and Philosophy
SAINT PAUL- The Thirteenth Apostle - Part II
The Thirteenth Apostle
Preaching and teaching the gospel was like a fire welling up inside Paul; he could not, and there is no indication that he ever tried to, keep it contained. After the passing of 14-17 years Paul’s work for the Lord was just beginning.
Before I continue with the Apostle Paul I think it would be wise to go back briefly and speak a little on the atmosphere surrounding the new faith.
The Jerusalem Church was under the leadership of James, the Lords’ brother, and it was hosting two schools of thought. They both agreed that the law of Moses was binding on ‘all’ Christians of the Jewish race, but they could not come to an agreement whether the law should be binding on their Gentile converts; one said yes, the other, of which James was a representative said no. Though James proved to be an advocate of allowing the Gentile converts freedom from the law, he, as did the others, did not favor Jews and Gentiles sharing a common table, on which one occasion Paul was forced to rebuke Peter publicly when ‘certain men’ came down from James in Jerusalem. Galatians 2:12-16
The martyrdom of Stephen was a pivotal time for the new faith. The effects of this event would be felt well beyond the borders of Palestine. In Antioch, the capital of Syria, a remarkable meeting place of Greeks, Syrians and, Jews, the new faith would be tested in a cauldron of mixed beliefs. There, the Greeks heard the gospel from missionaries whose names have long perished, and they began calling the Christ’s followers ‘Christians’.
By the year 51 or 52 A.D, under the rule of Claudius, there was a loud and noticeable commotion among the Jews as a consequence of the preaching by unknown missionaries that attracted the attention of Rome itself. Some five (5) or six (6) years earlier Barnabas had gone to Tarsus to bring Paul back so he could help with the work there in Antioch. During this time, however, Antioch was the center of Christian development. Paul, little did he know, was about to step into his appointed role as the ‘Thirteenth Apostle’.
Paul and Barnabas set out on, what would become known as, their first missionary journey. This missionary collaboration of Paul and Barnabas, described in Acts 13 and 14, would be remembered as the most fruitful missionary endeavor in the history of the Church. This great work resulted in the establishment of a group of congregations in southern Asia Minor, which was later addressed by Paul as those of Galatia.
I spoke earlier about the two schools of thought that were hosted at the Jerusalem Church under the leadership of James, the Lord’s brother. Well, now those two parties, or schools of thought, are about to collide on a grand scale and, Paul is right in the middle.
Beginning here in this corner of the world it was the appointed time for the gentiles to make their formal entry into the ‘Kingdom of God’, and their herald, who was to lead them, had been appointed. The growth of the Church in Antioch and the mixed congregations planted as a consequence in Cyprus and Galatia raised the bar on the question of Gentile relation to the ancient law of Israel.
Paul, taking Titus, an uncircumcised Gentile convert, with him up to Jerusalem to meet with James, Peter, and John as an example of genuine gentile conversion apart from the law, had overcome his first obstacle. The Jerusalem leadership, James, Peter, and John agreed that the field should be divided. James, Peter and, John would continue the mission to the Jews, while Paul and Barnabas go with their ‘free’ message to the Gentiles. Galatians 2:1-10
STAY TUNED FOR PART III
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The video Professor Dancealot by Kari Johnson
demonstrates one very important concept
to teaching in the 21st century, or
really teaching in anytime. Students must be engaged! Simple instruction does not and cannot get the
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The video Professor Dancealot by Kari Johnson
demonstrates one very important concept
to teaching in the 21st century, or
really teaching in anytime. Students must be engaged! Simple instruction does not and cannot get the message across. Johnson shows this through the professor demonstrating the dance steps behind a podium where no one could see him and through the lack of engagement of the students. The professor's use of a Powerpoint Presentation to display information was intriguing, but the technology was wasted on the professor's lack of interaction with his students. He merely stood behind his podium, dancing to an audience that could not see a single step he was taking. The students were not allowed to move, dance, or discuss any of what was being taught; therefore, the students could not learn the material. When it came time for the final exam, the students had not danced one single step with instruction. They had to dance with their partners and their books. This is absurd! Without the interaction and engagement of actually performing the steps in class, the students were all profoundly unable to retain or apply the information they had been given. I absolutely agree with this conclusion. Students must engage in what they are learning. If they are not properly challenged and given a chance to participate, most students will stop trying to learn. Having gone to a very small highschool and having known everyone in the school, I have seen this so many times. In my experience, I have found this fact to be true every time.
Teaching in the 21st Century
In the video Teaching in the 21st Century, Kevin Roberts makes a very compelling arguments of what it means to teach in the 21st century. Since kids can learn facts from a variety of sources on the internet, Roberts states that teachers are obsolete if they merely teach facts in a classroom; therefore, teachers must become facilitators of learning skills from these sources. Roger argues this through a number of examples, including these below.
- Students can learn from blogs, Facebook, Twitter, Wikipedia, and many other sources.
- Because these sources can be very unreliable, teachers should show their students how to use these sources to validate, synthesize, leverage, communicate, and collaborate information.
- Curriculums should no longer be focused on fact, but they should focus on teaching the students skills to carry with them through life to help solve everyday problems.
- Students should be taught to create and collaborate without pencil and paper but by harnessing the technology they have in front of them.
- Teachers should facilitate responsibility, reliability, and integrity in the students. Rogers points out that we all expect students to learn wrong behavior from their peers. Teachers must then deter this, teaching the students professionalism.
- Rogers believes we should rethink how to teach by reconsidering the types of tools we use and the types of problems we ask students to solve.
- Students should be able to use technology to their benefit, problem solving and collaborating with other students and gaining skills by sharing their ideas with others.
- Most importantly, teaching means engaging the students. Technology cannot create distractions if the students are fully engaged.
- Entertainment and engagement are not the same actions. Technology is no longer new, it is established with today's generations; therefore, using technology should not be about shiny new toys any longer. Technology is about engagement.
So what does it really mean to teach in the 21st century? I fully stand by Roberts opinions when it comes to how teaching is changing and what it will mean for us to teach in this century. As a future educator, I find that everything that Roberts has said to be highly interesting. Having been educated only in the 21st century, I have begun to see these changes. Robert's says, "Change cannot occur without conflict," and he is absolutely right. Still in my classes today, ma
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As March begins, look high in the southwestern evening sky to find the planet Jupiter shining brightly. Just below and to the right of Jupiter, find the planet Venus, shining much brighter than Jupiter. With both planets shining this bright, they will be
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As March begins, look high in the southwestern evening sky to find the planet Jupiter shining brightly. Just below and to the right of Jupiter, find the planet Venus, shining much brighter than Jupiter. With both planets shining this bright, they will be easy to spot.
The first week of March, Mercury will be shining brightly just above the mountains along the west-southwestern horizon. If you draw an imaginary line through Jupiter and Venus, down to the horizon, you will find Mercury on this line.
Jupiter and Venus draw closer together as March progresses. Evenings March 12-14, the separation between the two planets will be just 3 degrees in the southwestern sky. After March 14, Jupiter will drop below Venus each night, making it closer to the horizon for the rest of the month.
March 25, the Moon will be just to the left of Jupiter, and on the following night, the Moon will be just above and to the left of Venus.
Throughout March, the brightly shining Mars is higher in the eastern sky each evening as twilight darkens. Throughout March, you will be able to see the polar ice cap and surface markings on Mars when viewed through a telescope.
Saturn rises in the eastern evening sky about four hours after sunset as March begins, but just an hour by the end of the month. Saturn's brightness, along with the golden glow will distinguish it from the stars in this part of the sky. When you view Saturn through a telescope, you will be able to see the majestic rings for which this planet is known.
Friday, Fiske Planetarium at the University of Colorado-Boulder presents a talk by CU faculty called "Planet Formation." March 15, the talk is "Galaxy Evolution." March 22, the talk is "Mars Revealed." Each show starts at 7:30 p.m. and is followed by telescope viewing at the Sommers-Bausch Observatory, weather permitting. For more information, visit http://lyra.colorado.edu/sbo/public/openhouse.html or call 303-492-5002.
The Little Thomp
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Happy first day of spring!
This week most classes are hearing books about water because Wednesday, March 22, is World Water Day. If you would like to know more about global water issues, you can visit worldwaterday.org, in particular
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Happy first day of spring!
This week most classes are hearing books about water because Wednesday, March 22, is World Water Day. If you would like to know more about global water issues, you can visit worldwaterday.org, in particular the "Stories" page.
Here in California we are quite used to thinking about water scarcity. There are other important water issues, though, such as sanitation, wastewater, and water-born diseases.
I would like to thank again the wonderful "Rotary Readers" who visited the library over the past couple of weeks. At right is a photo of one of our many splendid performers and readers: Mike Matthews, MBUSD superintendent. Thanks also to the Manhattan Beach Rotary Club for a generous donation for the purchase of new books for the library.
The other very exciting event coming up is on April 3: the book club for 5th-grade students will have lunch with Cylin Busby, author of The Nine Lives of Jacob Tibbs, our terrific current selection! I am so excited, as I love this book. Likely as not it will be on the 2017 MBUSD summer pleasure reading list
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