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For the sixth time in three years, I visited Mrs. McCombs second
grade classroom. During part of the year, they work on light and
sound. At the end of the year, they study inventions. This
recent visit
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For the sixth time in three years, I visited Mrs. McCombs second
grade classroom. During part of the year, they work on light and
sound. At the end of the year, they study inventions. This
recent visit was to show off some of my assistive technology.
I did this lesson for my son's class when he was in second grade.
They really enjoyed it. I demonstrated my Perkins Brailler,
Screen Braille Communicator and a tactile drawing board. This
year I diced to make some changes to improved the presentation.
First, I gave the students the usual demonstration about how
annoying technology can be and that you must always remain
patient. This, of course, was not planned. Last time it was the
SBC that wouldn't work. This time it was the Perkins Brailler.
The paper got jammed and while trying to fix the problem, I
accidently made it worse. We finally got the paper out so I
could try again.
Mrs. McCombs has her own slate and stylus. (I gave it to her a
few years ago.) During the light and sound unit, she did three
days of special centers. One center was on braille reading and
writing. The kids got to practice with the braille writing
equipment. Each child was able to write his or her name.
We talked about how hard it was to write in braille. They felt
it was a challenge to punch the right dots and figure out how to
do everything backwards.
I introduced the Perkins Brailler as an invention that makes
writing braille much easier. Since they had experience with the
slate and stylus, they could understand what I meant.
How do you know which keys to press? I have this cool wooden
block that is in the shape of one braille cell. You put in pegs
to form the letter in braille. Then you change the box to a
straight line. By lining up the pegs with the keys on the
Perkins Brailler, you know exactly which keys to press. I
demonstrated how this works with the help of a volunteer. With
this little gizmo and by copying off a braille/print alphabet
card, the students were actually able to write using the
I didn't want to TALK too long. Children get so much more out
of hands on experience. So I just told them I brought in some
braille games that they would all get to play in a few minutes.
What is great about these games is that they can be used by
sighted and blind people together. I'm not just stuck playing
with other people who are blind. I can play with anyone. I
especially like playing games with JD.
Last, I showed them my Deaf-Blind Communicator. After telling
them a little about what it can do and how the braille display
works, I demonstrated face-to-face communication using the
Companion (cell phone.) I was nervous about this part. This
machine is so expensive and can be a bit quirky. I didn't know
if second graders would be able to work it. I also didn't know
if they could handle thumb typing. JD told me not to worry
because all kids do thumb typing on their Nintendo game
systems. He was right. These kids did better with thumb typing
on a cell phone than the class from two years ago did with
regular qwerty typing on the SBC. I was really able to
communicate with this group of kids. That was the best part of
We broke up into centers. My father helped one group use the
Perkins BRailler JD was there to help, and he was the
self-proclaimed "Master of the Games." He showed kids how to
play Shut the Box and Chess with tactile pieces. He also had
tactile checkers and dice. He enjoyed playing Chess. He was
bragging about getting out of class in order to play games for an
hour. But he really did a wonderful job and demonstrated true
My mother had another group playing War with print/braille
playing cards. I think she liked it, too. She loves cards, and
she's the only person I know who still plays Solitaire using an
actual deck of paper playing cards.
My group took turns talking to me using the DBC. Each child
typed in his or her name so I would know who I was speaking to.
Then we talked about things like school, summer and reading.
We rotated groups so all the kids got a chance to try everything.
The visit went really well. All the kids were absorbed in
trying out these new devices and games. This is the kind of
stuff they usually wouldn't get the opportunity to try. Now they
can understand how technology helps deaf-blind people function
as productive members of society. That is a precious lesson,
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posted by MAcy.
when two different species live in the same area and use the limited resources, which of the following will occur?
is it succession?
Make sure you understand all of the words in the question and the answer.
so its
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posted by MAcy.
when two different species live in the same area and use the limited resources, which of the following will occur?
is it succession?
Make sure you understand all of the words in the question and the answer.
so its 1 competition
crows feeding on dead animals. crows may be classified
IS it 1
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Creating an Ethnic Student
If you don't already have it, download the free PDF reader from
US History (Twentieth Century)
For many years African-Americans were not mentioned in the
mainstream press unless a crime had been committed. They
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Creating an Ethnic Student
If you don't already have it, download the free PDF reader from
US History (Twentieth Century)
For many years African-Americans were not mentioned in the
mainstream press unless a crime had been committed. They were
routinely vilified by the white press, which characterized them
as "paupers", "indolent", and "uncivil". In addition to being
negatively stereotyped, African-Americans had no way to respond
to these accusations. Fed up with this situation, the first
newspaper to be published by African-Americans was created.
It was followed by hundreds of others. African-American newspapers
focused on issues and stories that were important to Africans
Americans and were usually absent from the mainstream press.
African-American newspapers investigated and reported on lynchings.
They told African-Americans how to get jobs and find housing.
They covered race riots in detail, even keeping lists of how
many people on each "side" were killed. Cartoons featuring black
characters and a serial similar to Ripley's Believe It or Not
found their way into the black press. These newspapers helped
to create communities and give a voice to people who were voiceless.
1) 0:00 - 16:43 "Too Long Have Others Spoken for
African-Americans vilified in mainstream press; Freedom's Journal
published as independent voice; John Russworm and Samuel Cornish
publishers; The North Star, edited by Frederick Douglass; ex-slaves
were free to read after the Civil War; reign of terror after
federal troops pulled out of the South; The Memphis Free Speech
investigated lynchings; Robert S. Abbott declared the vehicle
for change in America is the newspaper.
2) 17:36 - 23:20 "Standing Up for the Race"
By 1910, there are over 275 black newspapers in print; The California
Eagle was a force for social change; Charlotta Spears Bass was
both an editor and an activist in the community; the black press
protested the film The Birth of a Nation for its portrayal of
African-Americans; The Defender reached more than half a million
African-Americans each week, was partly responsible for the
Great Migration and had to be smuggled into the South after
African-American newspapers were banned.
3) 42:49 - 50:35 "A Separate World"
Chester Commodore created cartoons with African-American characters;
J.A. Rogers used cartoons to write a Ripley's Believe It or
Not-like serial about black history; Robert Vann of the Pittsburgh
Courier encouraged African-Americans to leave the Republican
party and become Democrats.
4) 59:00 - 1:11:36 "Treason?"
Pittsburgh Courier began the "Double V" campaign; African-American
press was considered dangerous to America; the African-American
press was a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement.
5) 1:11:36 - End "Putting Itself Out of Business"
The Civil Rights Movement put the African-American press out
of business; black journalists were hired away from African-American
newspapers by mainstream press; brain drain in black press;
African-American newspapers increased advertising; African-American
press could not criticize white America and still accept its
Students will analyze news articles and features covered
by ethnic newspapers in both the past and present.
Students will discuss the types of news articles and
features that would be important to people of different ethnic
groups, i.e., students will identify their audience.
Students will create a school newspaper focusing on
topics that are important to ethnic students.
The Black Press: Soldiers Without Swords video
The Black Press: Soldiers Without Swords website (www.pbs.org/blackpress)
or KQED website (www.kqed.org/ednet)
Local ethnic newspapers
Ethnic newspapers online: www.afroam.org (Afro-American
Newspaper) www.capitoltimes.com (from Austin, TX) www.exodusnews.com
(African-American student newspaper from University of Pennsylvania)
www.sfkt.com (Korea Times, San Francisco) www.nichibeitimes.com
(Japanese-American Bilingual daily, San Francisco)
Desktop Publishing Software
3 class periods (60 minutes each)
Have students read different ethnic newspapers. Have
them focus on the types of current news stories, features, and
ads that are included in the newspapers.
Discuss: What current events are covered in ethnic newspapers?
Are certain types of events given heavier coverage than others?
Are any current events covered that you think wouldn't be covered
in the mainstream press? What types of issues do the editorials
in ethnic newspapers discuss? How are these different than the
editorials that might be written for the mainstream press? What
types of "lifestyle" features, advertisements, and classified
ads are present in ethnic newspapers? Are these different than
what you might see in the mainstream press?
Identify news and products that might be of specific
interest to ethnic students at your school. Discuss whether
or not these interests are addressed in your school newspaper.
FOCUS FOR VIEWING:
The follow
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- Name: American Sign Language III
- Discipline: Deaf Studies
- Units (Credits): 4
- Transfer Information: (Courses with numbers 100 to 299) This course is designed to apply toward a WNC degree and
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- Name: American Sign Language III
- Discipline: Deaf Studies
- Units (Credits): 4
- Transfer Information: (Courses with numbers 100 to 299) This course is designed to apply toward a WNC degree and/or transfer to other schools within the Nevada System of Higher Education, depending on the degree chosen and other courses completed. It may transfer to colleges and universities outside Nevada. For information about how this course can transfer and apply to your program of study, please contact a counselor.
- Academic Division: Career and Technical Education
- Prerequisites: AM 146
I: Catalog Course Description
Promotes the shifting from comprehension to production of ASL to bring one's current ASL fluency to a point of self generated ASL.
II: Course Objectives
- Students in this course will learn how to effectively sign the following linguistic categories: Locating things in a room; Numbering (100+, time, etc.); Handshape Stories; Inflections; Spatial Agreements; Exchanging personal information; Life events
- Understanding basic aspects of Deaf Culture with emphasis on educational practices, laws, and challenges the Deaf Community Faces.
- Knowledge of agencies and services available for the Deaf.
- Understanding the importance of cultural traditions, diversity and ethics in the modern world.
- Acquiring effective and efficient learning skills, including the location and evaluation of information.
III: Course Linkage
The General Education Mission is to provide a core of critical life skills. AM 147 addresses four specific General Education Student Learning Objectives from all four major areas:
- Students will leave the course with fluency in American Sign Language which will enhance their ability to communicate with members of general society that are Deaf and/or users of American Sign Language.
- Understand how to best communicate with persons who use sign language and those who have various levels of hearing.
- During this course, students will enhance their ability to analyze both English and American Sign Language from a linguistic, as well as cultural perspective.
- Demonstrate ability to interact with those who have a different cultural and language background.
- Throughout the course students will be demonstrating applied knowledge, personal skills development in both languages and apply current research to their daily professional and personal interactions.
- Students in this course will be asked to participate in many cultural and community events, thus demonstrating their enhanced knowledge of the Deaf Community and its corresponding language, American Sign Language.
- Understand the diverse needs of persons who are deaf, hard of hearing, of deafened.
- Use information presented in class to facilitate equal access communication opportunities for members of the deaf community
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Everyone is different: and because of this it stands to reason that depression reveals itself in many different ways. Men may try to deal with depression in different ways to women. In some people depression seems to creep up on them slowly - in others it
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Everyone is different: and because of this it stands to reason that depression reveals itself in many different ways. Men may try to deal with depression in different ways to women. In some people depression seems to creep up on them slowly - in others it’s more rapid. Depression may last for a few days, a few weeks, a few months or for years. It may be highly responsive to treatment or it may be treatment resistive. The one consistent issue for supporting a person with depression is that you care, and this is vital.
Depression is different too: because it may occur for all sorts of different reasons. Acute depression typically follows upsetting life events such as bereavement. But depression can follow childbirth, or can appear for no apparent reason. Over the past few years the number of people being treated for depression has increased in line with the stress of work. Some people alternate between depression and mania, a condition known as bipolar disorder. Depression is also very common in people with schizophrenia. In supporting someone with depression these differenc
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Achillea millefolium Numerous plant species release strong scents when brushed. In the past, these smells were taken as a sign that the plant […]Read More »
Curator of the climate change exhibit, Richard uses his research with
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Achillea millefolium Numerous plant species release strong scents when brushed. In the past, these smells were taken as a sign that the plant […]Read More »
Curator of the climate change exhibit, Richard uses his research with plant fossils and their distribution over time and place to shed light on the condition, history and evolution of BC’s landscape and climate. He also studies ethnobotany of BC First Nations, restoration of natural systems and processes, ecology and origins of Garry Oak and alpine ecosystems and botany of grasses.
With his graduate students, he has written more than 120 scientific papers and 250 popular articles. He has been co-author or co-editor of eight books and major reports, and serves as the province’s expert advisor on Burns Bog and science advisor on paleontology.
EducationPhD, botany, University of British Columbia
Areas of InterestImpacts of climate change on ecosystems
Restoration of natural systems and processes
Timing and extent of the last ice age
Specialty: Vegetation and climate history of BC
Contact Dr. Richard HebdaEmail: [email protected]
Eriophyllum lanatum Traditional garden plants often have substitute native species, often hardier, less invasive and easier to manage. The native tall Oregon-grape (Mahonia […]Read More »
Empetrum nigrum Heathers (Calluna species) and heaths (Erica species) are popular ground cover plants worldwide. True heathers and heaths are not native to […]Read More »
Cornus unalaschkensis British Columbia forests are renowned for the trees they grow. Within these great forests there are other botanical treasures that live […]Read More »
Amelanchier alnifolia Northern North America is not known as a source of important of fruit crops. Most of our familiar fruits such as […]Read More »
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Browsing through the Fragmentary Annals of Ireland, a work that includes more literary references than usual, I found a colorful entry for the year 700.
700 Kl. Three shields were seen as if fighting in the sky, from east to
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Browsing through the Fragmentary Annals of Ireland, a work that includes more literary references than usual, I found a colorful entry for the year 700.
700 Kl. Three shields were seen as if fighting in the sky, from east to west, like tossing waves, on the tranquil night of the Ascension of the Lord. The first was snowy, the second fiery, the third bloody, which it is thought prefigured three evils to follow: for in the same year herds of cattle throughout Ireland were almost destroyed, not only in Ireland, but indeed throughout Europe. In the next year there was a human plague for three consecutive years. Afterwards came the greatest famine, in which men were reduced to unmentionable foods. [CELT, Fragmentary Annals of Ireland, FA 143]
The Ascension is usually in May. Three shields in the sky is a description I have never heard before. The only natural phenomenon I can think of is an extraordinary type of aurora borealis, perhaps caused by a volcanic eruption. There was one in Alaska about that time. Other Irish annals and the Anglo-Saxon chronicle also record the cattle plague, possibly rinderpest – probably too widespread to be anthrax.
The nature of the human plague is more of a problem. Is it related to the cattle murrain? It is a return of the bubonic plague? Is it gastrointestinal related to the famine, essentially food poisoning? The annals seem clear that the human plague came before the famine. The Annals of Ulster records that the cattle murrain began in England in 699 and appeared in February of 700 in Ireland. The Annals of Ulster also record “famine and pestilence prevailed in Ireland for three years, so that man ate man” (AU 700.6).
The famine is probably related to the degree that early Ireland was dependent upon cattle for both dairy and meat. It was essentially a pastoral society. Ireland still had a barter economy and cattle were the primary measure of wealth, given for tribute, fees and fines. In addition to starving, they were watching their equivalent of a bank account dwindle. Cattle provided them with most of their protein, dietary fats, calcium, vitamin D, and probably iron. Ireland did have some pigs but probably not enough to make up for the lack of cattle. Poultry would have been more valuable for their eggs, a primary source of protein without dairy or beef. Cattle were also needed as oxen whose loss meant that it was harder if not impossible to plow the fields.
We often overlook how important disease in domestic animals really was in medieval society. I remember a few years ago listing to a talk were it was mentioned that it takes about 20 years for a pastoral society to recover from a bad cattle plague. Cattle reproduce slowly and the cattle who survive the epizootic often are not very healthy. I wonder if anyone has looked at a possible relationship between cattle plagues and the rise of a currency based economy in Ireland. Its bad enough to be hungry but without cattle there is little to trade with either.
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In the first article, we designed an 8-bit ALU. We still have to add the flags C, V, N, and Z.
The C flag is the carry out flag. This is set whenever an addition results in a carry
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In the first article, we designed an 8-bit ALU. We still have to add the flags C, V, N, and Z.
The C flag is the carry out flag. This is set whenever an addition results in a carry or when a subtraction does not result in a borrow. We already have this flag: it is the C8 output from the lookahead carry unit. However, shifting a 1 in the MSB left should also result in a carry out.
The V flag is the overflow flag. It is set only on arithmetic operations (shift and logical operations clear it) whenever the result of an addition or subtraction using signed operands is less than -128 or greater than 127 (because such numbers cannot be represented as 8-bit 2's complement numbers). This happens when the carry in to the MSB (i.e. C6) is different from the carry out from the MSB (i.e. C7).
The N flag is the negative flag, and is set on all operations whenever the MSB is set.
Finally, the Z flag is the zero flag, and is set only if all X bits are zero (i.e. the result of an operation is zero).
Because the Z flag is the only flag that is a nontrivial function of X, there is a delay of 1 after the ALU output becomes valid in order that the Z flag is valid. It is possible to compute Z in parallel with X, but this would require 34 inputs (the F3 and F4 bits, plus eight bits from each of the four multiplexer inputs), and it would still result in a delay of 1 because we took the M1 calculation out of the multiplexer and put it in X so that we wouldn't have to wait for the lookahead carry unit.
Let us now move on to registers. Since the operands may come from anywhere, and the result may go anywhere, we will add registers to the inputs and outputs. Thus, we now have an A and B register, a C (conditions, or flags) register, an X register, and an F (function) register. All registers except X must be writable by the user. C and X must also be readable.
The carry bit in the C register must be duplicated into a separate one-bit memory cell because the carry out and carry in flag are one and the same, and the constraints of reversible logic prohibit reading and writing the same memory cell within the same chain of logic. When the C register is written by the user, the extra carry bit may be written simultaneously. However, when the C register is written by the ALU, the extra carry bit is copied from the C register only after the ALU (and hence the read of the extra carry bit) is reversed (enabling the extra carry bit to be written).
All registers are eight bits wide. This means there are four read/write bits available in the C register for the user, and three unused bits in F for expansion.
It is a definite advantage to have X be copied into A. This way, an extra instruction to explicitly copy X into A need not be present in a program which performs several functions in a row on the ALU (for example, adding B several times to A, shifting A several times, etc). Thus, the A register becomes a true accumulator.
3. Physical layout
Note: I seem to be using layer and level interchangeably. Let them both mean a physical plane of rods side by side.
Let's take the first two sets of equations of the ALU bit slice. Recall that the equations for the first set are:
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The Body Visible -
This Visible Human Project of the National Library of Medicine provides
several tomical data sets including the cryosection images of male and
female human cadavers at 1mm resolution.
Academy Reports -
This is
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The Body Visible -
This Visible Human Project of the National Library of Medicine provides
several tomical data sets including the cryosection images of male and
female human cadavers at 1mm resolution.
Academy Reports -
This is a U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) site that lists books
and reports on a wide range of topics from agriculture to urban
Seeing is Believing -
Al Seckel and Christof Koch, computational neuroscientists at California
Institute of Technology have created an extensive collection of illusions,
puzzles and artworks to illustrate how the eye can be tricked.
The Tree of Life -
This is a project designed to contain information about the phylogenetic
relationships and characteristics of organisms and serves as a
Tide Predictor -
This site is for predicting the tide levels.
Science Magazine -
A global, weekly publication of research in the sciences provided by the
American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County -
An online site to access information about the museum, links to other
museums and special events occurring at the museum.
Population Ecology -
This site at Virginia Polytechnic Institute offers paths to computational
models, journals, and online research papers in population ecology.
Access to large data sets useful in ecological modeling are also useful.
An international weekly journal of science covering all fields of research
from cell biology to quantum mechanics.
Scientific American -
A monthly publication of new developments and technologies in the
sciences and review articles of current issues in the sciences.
Natural History Museums around the World -
This site contains infor
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The Back Story
Here's the basic information: the English language has 44 sounds; but unless you studied linguistics in college, you don't know what they are. Nobody does. That's 90% of the problem.
By contrast
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The Back Story
Here's the basic information: the English language has 44 sounds; but unless you studied linguistics in college, you don't know what they are. Nobody does. That's 90% of the problem.
By contrast, the English alphabet has only 26 letters. We borrowed it from the Romans. Our alphabet was never meant for English and it was never modified to fit the English spoken language. (It works great for Latin.)
Spoken English has 20 vowel sounds but our alphabet has only 5 written vowels? We're missing 75% of our vowels. We're also missing a bunch of other letters. No wonder it's hard for kids to learn how to read.
Reading is actually a very straightforward activity. There are six fundamental steps to reading a phonetic written code. They are:
1) Understand that language is made up of a fixed number of unique sounds (called phonemes);
2) Associate each sound with a sound symbol (a letter or combination of letters);
3) Blend sound symbols together and speak them in sequence to form a word;
4) Associate meaning with the word;
5) Blend words together to form sentences;
6) Associate meaning with the sentences.
It's really that simple. There are no hidden or mysterious skills that a person must learn in order to read. We make it harder than it actually is.
However, there is one caveat, and that is this:
Steps 2 and 3 (above) work well when a written code is phonetic, meaning when there's a one to one correspondence between letters and sounds (each sound has its own symbol). However, when a code is NOT phonetic, when it's missing vowels or other symbols, as in the case of English, steps 2 and 3 become a stumbling block that can prevent more than half of the entire population from mastering this basic life skill.
Such was the case with the ancient writing systems of Hebrew and Arabic.
Here's the story:
The ancient Arabic and Hebrew writing systems were originally created without vowels. Big mistake. People had a hard time learning how to read and they mispronounced important names in the Bible and Quran. It took many years to learn how to read and most of the population was illiterate. Reading was reserved for the high priests and clergy. About a thousand years ago during the Middle Ages, before written English even existed, some creative language scholars invented a patch to fix the broken Arabic code that, by then, was already thousands of years old. The Hebrew scholars followed suit. The patch that was created was a special set of vowels called diacritics that were written above and below the original text. You've probably seen or heard of this.
The key takeaway is that the diacritics added back the missing data so people could actually read without making mistakes and without beating their heads against a wall trying to decipher a broken code. It was a beautiful, simple solution to an elegant, but fundamentally flawed writing system.
Fast forward about 1,000 years. The most successful education system among all western nations is Finland's; and, the Finnish written code is considered to be one of the most precise phonetic codes in the world with a direct one to one correspondence between written symbols and spoken sounds?
America's students rank 24th in reading among developed nations and 35th in math. But even THESE numbers are misleading. Only 46% of our students are proficient readers. If you got a 46% on a test in high school you wouldn't care if you were 24th or 124th. The fact is, you failed and you failed miserably; so let's not sugar coat the problem any more. Our kids can't read, they can't read math books and they can't do word problems in math. They can't read history books and learn about history. They can't read English books and learn grammar. They can't write! They can't fill out job applications or medical forms. They can't do online research. They can't send and receive emails and function in a workplace where information is everything. We've failed our kids miserably and it's got to STOP.
In Finland, kids don't even start formal education until they're 7 years old, yet, within a short time they have a near 100% literacy rate among students. This didn't just make us wonder whether our education crisis was somehow related to our broken, "quasi-phonetic" written code; it convinced us that we had stumbled upon the "smoking gun."
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The Bloody Assizes and the Demon Judge, George Jeffreys
With the death of Oliver Cromwell in 1658, the newly-elected Parliament “restored” Charles II to the throne of England. Charles II’s reign (1660
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The Bloody Assizes and the Demon Judge, George Jeffreys
With the death of Oliver Cromwell in 1658, the newly-elected Parliament “restored” Charles II to the throne of England. Charles II’s reign (1660-1685) was marked by political unrest. The ruling class split into two parties: the Whigs and the Tories. The Whigs supported Charles’s brother, James, the Catholic heir to the throne. They believed in constitutional monarchism and opposed absolute rule. The Whigs played a central role in 1688’s Glorious Revolution and were the standing enemies of the Stuart kings and pretenders, who were Roman Catholic. They took full control of England’s government in 1715 and remained in control until King George II came to the throne in 1760. The Whigs were reliant on parliamentary power and distrustful of the Catholic Church.
The Tories, on the other hand, remained sympathetic to royal power and the reestablishment of the Anglican Church. They were hostile to Protestant “dissenters,” such as the Baptists, the Quakers, and the Presbyterians.
Each side tried to outmaneuver the other in its power struggle. Unfortunately, the Whigs tried one too many manipulations when they encouraged Titus Oates to lodge conspiracy and treason charges against James and other governmental officials of Catholic sympathies. “God, King, and Country”
Charles II disbelieved Oates’s conspiracy theories, but he dared not to confront Oates openly. In 1681, he was able to dissolve a Whig parliament and rule directly, with the support of the Tories. Charles II’s reign saw the outbreak of the Second Anglo-Dutch War in 1665, as well as the Great Plague in the same year and the Great Fire of London in 1666.
Charles II died in 1685 after being received into the Roman Catholic Church on his deathbed, and his brother James II came to the throne. Although he was a known Catholic, James II did not impose his beliefs upon his people, but most Whigs did not believe him. Therefore, a Whig faction supported a revolt by Charles II’s illegitimate son, the Duke of Monmouth. The revolt was quickly dispensed, and James sent Judge George Jeffreys to deal out his “revenge.” The result was what is known as The Bloody Assizes.
Full of confidence, James II dismissed Parliament (1685) and appointed Catholic officials, even going so far as to ally himself with the much-despised Louis XIV of France. In 1686, James took measures to restore Catholicism in England and to set up a standing army of 13,000 troops. A like army was supported in Ireland, which created large pockets of distrust among the English. The execution of the Duke of Monmouth united James’s Whig opposition behind the only remaining Protestant claimant to the throne, William of Orange, husband to Mary, James’s daughter. In 1688, Whigs and disenchanted Tories invited William to England to restore English liberties and to drive James from the throne. In 1688, James abdicated and fled to exile in France.
The Bloody Assizes were a series of trials, which began on August 25, 1685, in the aftermath of the Battle of Sedgemoor, which ended the Monmouth Rebellion. There were five judges: Sir William Montague (Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer); Sir Robert Wright; Sir Francis Wythens (Justice of the King’s Bench); Sir Creswell Levinz (Justice of the Common Pleas), and Sir Henry Polexfen. The group was under the direction of Dorset’s Demon Judge, Lord Chief Justice George Jeffreys.
In June 1685, James Scott, the first Duke of Monmouth, the illegitimate son of King Charles II, landed at Lyme Regis in Dorset, bringing with him a bloody swatch of rebellion. In the days that followed, horror filled the hearts and minds of those living in the area. Monmouth brought some eighty trained soldiers with him. When King Charles II died, his Catholic brother, James, the Duke of York, who became King James II, succeeded him. However, Monmouth, a Protestant, made a bloody bid for the throne.
Landing in Lyme Regis, Monmouth marched across the West Country towards Taunton, into Somerset, Devon, and back to Dorset, gathering support for his bid. The revolt soon became known as The
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How much have global problems cost the world?
What did our researchers find? Some global problems have obvious, enormous costs, like health and education. But did you know that every month you live, medical technology adds another week to your life expectancy?
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How much have global problems cost the world?
What did our researchers find? Some global problems have obvious, enormous costs, like health and education. But did you know that every month you live, medical technology adds another week to your life expectancy? Vaccinations now saves 3 million lives each year. Since we started in 1970 with serious vaccinations, we have saved about the same number of people as died in all wars throughout the 20th century.
Economic terms give the clearest summary. The cost of poor health at the outset of the 20th century was a phenomenal 32% of global GDP. Today, it is down to about 11%, and by 2050 will have halved again.
For every month you live, medical technology adds another week to your life expectancy
Take education. Illiteracy today afflicts 23.6
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Today's Highlight in History:
On June 13, 1983, the U.S. space probe Pioneer 10, launched in 1972, became the first spacecraft to leave the solar system as it crossed the orbit of Neptune.
On
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Today's Highlight in History:
On June 13, 1983, the U.S. space probe Pioneer 10, launched in 1972, became the first spacecraft to leave the solar system as it crossed the orbit of Neptune.
On this date:
In 1842, Queen Victoria became the first British monarch to ride on a train, traveling from Slough Railway Station to Paddington in 25 minutes.
In 1886, King Ludwig II of Bavaria drowned in Lake Starnberg.
In 1927, aviation hero Charles Lindbergh was honored with a ticker-tape parade in New York City.
In 1935, James Braddock claimed the title of world heavyweight boxing champion from Max Baer in a 15-round fight in Long Island City, N.Y.
In 1942, the first of two four-man Nazi sabotage teams arrived in the United States during World War II. (The eight were arrested after one of them went to U.S. authorities; six of the saboteurs were executed.)
In 1944, Germany began launching flying-bomb attacks against Britain during World War II.
In 1957, the Mayflower II, a replica of the ship that brought the Pilgrims to America in 1620, arrived at Plymouth, Mass., after a nearly two-month journey from England.
In 1966, the Supreme Court ruled in Miranda v. Arizona that criminal suspects had to be informed of their constitutional right to consult with an attorney and to remain silent.
In 1971, The New York Times began publishing excerpts of the Pentagon Papers, a secret study of America's involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967 that had been leaked to the paper by military analyst Daniel Ellsberg.
In 1981, a scare occurred during a parade in London when a teenager fired six blank shots at Queen Elizabeth II.
In 1993, Canada's Progressive Conservative Party chose Defense Minister Kim Campbell to succeed Brian Mulroney as prime minister; she was the first woman to hold the post. Astronaut Donald K. "Deke" Slayton died in League City, Texas, at age 69.
In 1996, the 81-day-old Freemen standoff ended as 16 remaining members of the anti-government group surrendered to the FBI and left their Montana ranch.
Ten years ago: U.S. forces killed 27 Iraqi fighters after the Iraqis attacked an American tank patrol north of Baghdad. Israel broadened its campaign against Palestinian militants, saying it would strike p
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If you're a Unix or Linux sysadmin, you know sudo: it's that command that lets you run single commands as root from your own account, rather than logging in as root. And if you're like me, here's what you
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If you're a Unix or Linux sysadmin, you know sudo: it's that command that lets you run single commands as root from your own account, rather than logging in as root. And if you're like me, here's what you know about configuring sudo:
- Run sudoedit and uncomment the line that says "%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL".
- Make sure you're in the wheel group.
Okay, so you can now run any command as root. Awesome! But not everyone is as careful as you are (or at least, as you like to think you are). If you're a sysadmin, you need to stop people from shooting themselves in the foot. (Might also want to stop yourself from self-inflicted gunshot wounds.) There should be some way of restricting use, right? Just gotta check out the man page.... And that's where I stopped, every time. I've yet to truly understand Extended Backus-Naur Form (sue me), and my eyes would glaze over. And so I'd go back to putting some small number of people in the "wheel" group, and letting them run sudo, and cleaning up the occasional mess afterward.
Fortunately, Michael W. Lucas has written "Sudo Mastery: User Access Control for Real People". If his name sounds familiar, there's a reason for that: he's been cranking out excellent technical books for a long time, on everything from FreeBSD to Cisco routers to DNSSEC. He just, like, does this: he takes deep, involved subjects that you don't even know you need to know more about, and he makes them understandable. It's a good trick, and we're lucky he's turned his attention to sudo.
The book clocks in at 144 pages (print version), and it's packed with information from start to finish. Lucas starts with the why and how of sudo, explaining why you need to know it and how sudo protects you. He moves on to the syntax; it's kind of a bear at first, but Chapter 2, "sudo and sudoers", takes care of that nicely. Have you locked yourself out of sudo with a poor edit? I have; I've even managed to do it on many machines, all at once, by distributing that edit with CFEngine. Lucas covers this in Chapter 3, "Editing and Testing Sudoers", a chapter that would have saved my butt. By the time you've added a few entries, you're probably ready for Chapter 4, "Lists and Aliases".
sudo has lots of ways to avoid repeating yourself, and I picked up a few tricks from this chapter I didn't know about — including that sudo can run commands as users other than root. Need to restart Tomcat as the tomcat user? There's a sudoers line for that. I'm ashamed to admit that I didn't know this.
There is a lot more in this book, too. You can override sudo defaults for different commands or users (you can change the lecture text; maybe sometimes there *is* a technical solution for a social problem...). You can stuff sudo directives into LDAP and stop copying files around. You can edit files with sudoedit. You can record people's sudo commands, and play them back using sudoreplay. The list goes on.
Sounds like a lot, doesn't it? It is. But the book flies by, because Lucas is a good writer: he packs a lot of information into the pages while remaining engaging and funny. The anecdotes are informative, the banter is witty, and there's no dry or boring to be found anywhere.
Shortcomings: Maybe you don't like humour in your tech books; if so, you could pass this up, but man, you'd be missing out. There wasn't an index in the EPUB version I got, which I always miss
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- Posted by admin
- On November 10, 2010
- AZ Pain Centers, facet joint, facet joint syndrome
Facet joints are located at the posterior (back) aspect of the spine. Each back bone (vertebra
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- Posted by admin
- On November 10, 2010
- AZ Pain Centers, facet joint, facet joint syndrome
Facet joints are located at the posterior (back) aspect of the spine. Each back bone (vertebra) has four facet joints, an upper and a lower pair. These joints link the back of the spine together. They are designed to provide stability and control motion between the vertebrae. There is not a lot of movement at each individual facet joint, however, when all the facet joints are linked together they contribute to a significant amount of movement of the spine and allow complex movements such as bending backwards and rotation of the spine.
What does facet joint syndrome feel like?
These small joints are prone to injury, deterioration, and inflammation. Facet joint syndrome can occur anywhere in the spine including the low back. Pain arising from the facet joints is usually at the level of the affected facet joint(s), and is made worse by activities that put pressure on these joints i.e. leaning backwards and “extending” the lower back or twisting at the waist. Occasionally the pain may radiate to other areas such as the buttocks.
What causes facet joint syndrome?
There are a number of causes of facet joint syndrome. The facet joints may be irritated from trauma, repetitive movements, or arthritic changes. It is very common to develop degenerative changes in facet joints after trauma to the spine, as a result of an injury to the intervertebral disc or secondary to degenerative disc disease. If the intervertebral disc is damaged and the cushioning effect of the disc is lost, the facet joints at that level will undergo more stress, which may result in degeneration of the facet joint.
Poor posture can also cause undue stress on the facet joints. There is a natur
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On December 16, 1947, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain, physicists at Bell Laboratories, jabbed two electrodes into a sliver of the metalloid geranium. The power flowing from the geranium far exceeded what went
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On December 16, 1947, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain, physicists at Bell Laboratories, jabbed two electrodes into a sliver of the metalloid geranium. The power flowing from the geranium far exceeded what went in; in that moment the transistor was invented and the Information Age was born. No other devices have been as crucial to modern life as the transistor and the microchip it spawned. This is the story of the science and personalities that made these inventions possible.
Back to top
Rent Crystal Fire 1st edition today, or search our site for other textbooks by Michael Riordan. Every textbook comes with a 21-day "Any Reason" guarantee. Published by W. W. Norton & Company, Incorporated.
Need help ASAP? We have you covered with 24/7 instant online tutoring. Connect with one of our tutors now.
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Blin is a Central Cushitic languages with about 70,000 speakers in and around the city of Keren in Eritrea. Blin is also known as Bilin, Bilen, Bogo, Bogos, Bilayn
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Blin is a Central Cushitic languages with about 70,000 speakers in and around the city of Keren in Eritrea. Blin is also known as Bilin, Bilen, Bogo, Bogos, Bilayn, Balen, Beleni, Belen, Bilein, Bileno and North Agaw.
It is written with a version of the Ge'ez script developed by missionaries in the late 19th century. The first text in Blin was published in 1882. In 1985 the Eritrean People's Liberation Front decided to use the Latin alphabet for Blin and other minority languages in Eritrea. In 1993 the government set up a committee to standardize the Blin language and the Latin-based orthography.
Online lessons in Blin
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Chemistry and Forensic Science Timeline
Tales From the Poisoner's Handbook History and forensic science come together in our interactive graphic novel.
In the early 1900s, the average American's medicine cabinet was a would-be poisoner's
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Chemistry and Forensic Science Timeline
Tales From the Poisoner's Handbook History and forensic science come together in our interactive graphic novel.
In the early 1900s, the average American's medicine cabinet was a would-be poisoner's treasure chest. Deadly chemicals such as radioactive radium, thallium, potassium cyanide, and morphine lurked in health tonics, depilatory creams, teething medicine, and cleaning supplies. As industrial innovation increased, the tools of the murderer's trade multiplied. However, the scientific knowledge to detect crime and the political will to prevent it lagged behind.
The use of poison as a murder weapon goes back thousands of years, and there was a time in America's recent past when many poisons were completely unregulated. Innovations in forensic toxicology has allowed investigators to determine causes of death that are often misdiagnosed and has become an essential tool in criminal investigations and court trials in the United States.
Teach your class about the historical events that aided our collective understanding of poison – and chemistry – as they browse milestones of forensic science in this timeline from PBS’s American Experience. The lesson plan includes teaching tips, a background essay and discussion questions. EXPLORE: http://to.pbs.org/1n9NBIt
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The Prince By Niccolo Machiavelli Essay, Research Paper
The Prince, a treatise by Niccolo Machiavelli, was arguably one of the greatest works of the renaissance. Its new ideas in political theory, although very
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The Prince By Niccolo Machiavelli Essay, Research Paper
The Prince, a treatise by Niccolo Machiavelli, was arguably one of the greatest works of the renaissance. Its new ideas in political theory, although very controversial at its time, were revolutionary and remarkably similar to today’s political system. In the following paragraphs I will give a brief summary of this great work and then give my personal thoughts on these revolutionary ideas
Machiavelli believed that there are only two ways in which governments are ruled or have ever been ruled. He believed that these were either Republics or Princedoms. In his book, he only covers the latter and believes that all Princedoms are acquired in one of three ways either through heredity, merit or through fortune.
He believed that of the ways of acquiring a princedom that heredity was the easiest to maintain because the new prince should already have subjects loyal to his family and unless despicable should be able to keep them loyal to him. Machiavelli also believed that the other princedoms were much harder to maintain because they were new and required a new form of government and all that had it good under the former government would be against the new ruler, if there position or wealth changed.
Machiavelli continues to outline how he believed Princes should act in any of these situations. He states that in order for new princes to maintain and gain loyalty from newly conquered subjects. He must pursue one of three courses of action one to live in the newly conquered land, two to set up colonies or three to occupy the new territory with a large force of troops. Which he felt was the least desirable because of the cost and the negative influence on the residents. For Heredity Princes he merely states that they must maintain the ways of the former ruler to be successful.
Machiavelli also outlines how he believes a Prince should act in any form of rule. He states that “ It is essential, therefore, for a Prince who desires to maintain his position, to have learned how to be other than good, and to use his goodness as necessity requires.” (p.40) This was a shocking point of view for the period in which he was writing it. It was a complete departure from what everyone else had believed. Machiavelli believed that a Prince must not only be good but when the occasion called he must also be evil.
On the characteristics of Princes Machiavelli, states that a Prince should be miserly over liberal, and feared over loved but never hated. He wrote that a prince’s main objective should be war and always have good arms and good allies to be in good standing with his people.
Machiavelli finishes his treatise by giving his main reason for writing it, which was to inspire someone to take initiative and to unify Italy. He felt that it was the perfect time for a new ruler to come to power because of the lack of unity and national need for a strong government.
I believe that Machiavelli’s Prince, although a Masterpiece of its time departed to far from the traditional policies. Machiavelli makes a good point about the need for a prince to be flexible in his rule and not always good but he becomes to extreme and comes off sounding like a wannabe dictator. His rule is too harsh and while his ideas may work in some situations. I believe that his harsh uncompassionate rule would eventually bring down any prince who tried to follow it.
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The cries one calls out during sex can serve as status symbols advertising just how popular your partners are, according to new findings in the sexually promiscuous chimpanzees known as bonobos.
Just like humans, sex is not used simply for
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The cries one calls out during sex can serve as status symbols advertising just how popular your partners are, according to new findings in the sexually promiscuous chimpanzees known as bonobos.
Just like humans, sex is not used simply for reproduction among bonobos, but now also serves as a social tool, researchers added.
Bonobos, once known as pygmy chimpanzees, are the sister species of common chimpanzees, and with them are the closest living relatives to humans. These endangered apes are legendary for how sexual they are, frequently engaging in close encounters with members of both the same and opposite sexes.
"Despite being our closest living relatives, bonobos are still one of the least understood of the great apes, whom we still know very little about," said researcher Zanna Clay, a primatologist at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. "This study sheds light on one of the most neglected aspects of their behavior, their vocal communication."
During sex, female bonobos cry out loudly. Females in many primate species give out "copulation calls" that are typically seen as ways of showing off how successful they are at sex, perhaps to attract more mates and improve their chances of having offspring.
However, female bonobos give out these calls even when having sex with other females, whom they cannot have offspring with. Now scientists are finding that just as bonobos often copulate for reasons having nothing to do with reproduction — much as humans do — so too can these calls serve a broader social role beyond just breeding. [Top 50 Reasons Humans Have Sex]
But research into bonobo sex isn't easy.
"The rain was really annoying as the bonobos run off up the tree and hid, so even if they were having sex, I couldn't see it or record the calls," Clay said. "Sometimes, when they were eating food in a large group, there was so much sex going on between every age and sex combination, it was hard to keep up with who was having sex with who!"
After a year of study, Clay and her colleagues found that during same-sex mating, the lower-ranking partner always made the copulation calls. At the same time, among these lower-ranking individuals, the chances of crying out generally increased with the partner's social rank, regardless of whether that partner was male or female. In this way, the apes are advertising they might be "in" with Mr. or Ms. Popular.
"Female bonobos achieve power by forming coalitions with other females as well as males, so getting powerful female friends, and advertising it, matters," Clay told LiveScience. "Like humans, sex among bonobos is not only used for reproduction, it is also important in other ways, such as friendship and bonding, and keeping close to powerful others."
Future research can analyze whether these calls are indeed meaningful to listeners.
"Generally though, much more research on bonobo behavior and communication is required," Clay said. "Bonobos are extremely endangered and threatened by extinction, as they are endemic only to the Democratic Republic of Congo, a country ravaged by war and instability. The political instability and poor logistics of the D
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One of the bestselling books in the field, Introduction to Fluid Mechanics continues to provide readers with a balanced and comprehensive approach to mastering critical concepts. The new seventh edition once again incorporates a proven problem-solving methodology that will help them develop an orderly plan to
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One of the bestselling books in the field, Introduction to Fluid Mechanics continues to provide readers with a balanced and comprehensive approach to mastering critical concepts. The new seventh edition once again incorporates a proven problem-solving methodology that will help them develop an orderly plan to finding the right solution. It starts with basic equations, then clearly states assumptions, and finally, relates results to expected physical behavior. Many of the steps involved in analysis are simplified by using Excel.
Through six editions, Fox & McDonald’s Introduction to Fluid Mechanics has been one of the most widely adopted textbooks in the field. This new eighth edition continues to provide readers with a balanced and comprehensive approach to mastering critical concepts, incorporating a proven problem-solving methodology that h
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Ponder for a moment what Space throws at you. Photons of all sizes, of course — infra-red ones that warm your skin, visible ones that show you the beach, ultra-violet ones that give you tan and sunburn. Ne
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Ponder for a moment what Space throws at you. Photons of all sizes, of course — infra-red ones that warm your skin, visible ones that show you the beach, ultra-violet ones that give you tan and sunburn. Neutrinos and maybe dark matter particles that pass right through you without even pausing. All of those act upon you in little bits at little places — gravity pervades you. You can put up a parasol or step into a cave, but there’s no shielding yourself from gravity.
Gravity’s special character has implications for LIGOs. A word first about words. LIGO as a generic noun unwinds to Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, a class of astronomical instruments. LIGO as a proper noun denotes a project that culminated in the construction of a specific pair of devices that went live in 2002.
That hardware wasn’t sensitive enough to detect the gravitational waves it was created to seek. To improve the initial LIGO’s power and sensitivity, the LIGO infrastructure and organization morphed into the Advanced LIGO (aLIGO) project. Concurrently, the LIGO instrument was upgraded and renamed. No surprise, the instrument’s new name is aLIGO. An early phase of aLIGO bore uncannily fortunate fruit with the Sept 14 gravitational wave detection.
Four other LIGOs are proposed, under construction or in operation around the world — KARGA in Japan, INDIGO in India, GEO600 in Germany and VIRGO in Italy. Why so many, and why even consider space-borne LIGOs like LISA Pathfinder and eLISA?
Astronomers ask a series of questions of the Universe:
- What objects are out there?
- Where are they?
- What are they doing?
- Why are they doing that?
September’s aLIGO incident gave us a gratifyingly unexpected answer to the first question. To the surprise of theoreticians, the detected event was the collision of two black holes, each of which was in a size range that current theory says shouldn’t be populated. Even more surprising, such objects are apparently common enough to meet up, form binary pairs and eventually merge.
The second question is harder. The best the aLIGO team could do was point to a “banana-shaped region” (their words, not mine) that covers about 1% of the sky. The team marshaled a world-wide collaboration of observatories to scan that area (a huge search field by astronomical standards), looking for electromagnetic activities concurrent with the event they’d seen. Nobody saw any. That was part of the evidence that this collision involved two black holes. (If one or both of the objects had been something other than a black hole, the collision would have given off all kinds of photons.)
Why such poor localization? Blame gravity’s pervasive character and Geometry. With a telescope, any kind of telescope, you know which direction you’re looking. Telescopes work only with photons that enter through the front; photons aimed at the back of the instrument stop there.
In contrast, a LIGO facility is (roughly speaking) omni-directional. When a LIGO installation senses a gravitational pulse, it could be coming down from the visible sky or up through the Earth from the other hemisphere — one signal doesn’t carry the “which way?” information. The diagram above shows that situation. (The “chevron” is an image of the LIGO in Hanford WA.) Models based on the signal from that pair of 4-km arms can narrow the source field to a “banana-shaped region,” but there’s still that 180o ambiguity.
The good news is that the LIGO project built not one but two installations, 2500 miles apart. With two LIGOs (the second diagram) there’s enough information to resolve the ambiguity. The two also serve as checks on each other — if one sees a signal that doesn’t show up at the other that’s probably a red herring that can be discarded.
The great “if only” is that the VIRGO installation in Italy was not recording data when the Hanford WA and Livingston LA saw that September signal. With three recordings to reconcile, the aLIGO+VIRGO combination would have had enough information to slice that banana and localize the event precisely.
When the European Space Agency puts Evolved LISA (eLISA) in orbit (watch the animation, it’s cool) in 2034, there’ll be a million-kilometer triangle of spacecraft up there, slicing bananas all over the sky.
~~ Rich Olcott
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- The boat is a rowboat. (Or the boat is a motorboat). By
itself this is a trivial elaboration. Adding it should not affect
the reasoning. By default, a tool, i.e. the boat,
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- The boat is a rowboat. (Or the boat is a motorboat). By
itself this is a trivial elaboration. Adding it should not affect
the reasoning. By default, a tool, i.e. the boat, is usable.
Further elaborations might use specific properties of rowboats.
- The missionaries and cannibals have hats, all
different--another trivial elaboration. These hats may be
exchanged among the missionaries and cannibals. In all the
elaborations mentioned below, exchanging hats is an action
irrelevant to crossing the river. There are two demands on the
reasoner. Epistemologically, whatever reasoning that establishes
a plan for crossing the river without the hats should be valid
with the hats. This includes any nonmonotonic reasoning.
Heuristically, the problem may not be trivial. Why should it be
obvious that exchanging hats is of no use? Certainly we can make
elaborations in which it is of use, e.g. we can assert that if the
smallest missionary wears the hat belonging to the largest
missionary, the largest cannibal won't eat him even if they go
However, it should be possible to tell a problem solver: Look for
a solution that has no hat change actions. After that, the
reasoner should find the solution as easily as it would if hats
were never mentioned.
- There are four missionaries and four cannibals. The problem
is now unsolvable. In ordinary logic, adding sentences that there
are four of each produces a contradiction. Belief revision
systems ought to make the correct change. It seems to me that
people take a metalinguistic stance, just saying ``Change the
numbers of missionaries and cannibals to four'', thus regarding
the original statement of the problem as an object. Actually what
is regarded as an object is the sense of the original statement,
since people ordinarily don't remember the words used.
Proofs of impossibility take the following form. Choose a
predicate formula on situations. Show and
. Also show
Thus you can't get out of the situations satisfying, and
the goal isn't included. The simplest is a disjunction
of specific locations of the missi
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A carpenter has a trade; the architect a profession. It is not to be assumed that one vocation is more honorable than the other. A profession is defined as a calling, or occupation, "if not mechanical, agricultural, or the
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A carpenter has a trade; the architect a profession. It is not to be assumed that one vocation is more honorable than the other. A profession is defined as a calling, or occupation, "if not mechanical, agricultural, or the like," to which one devotes himself and his energies. A trade is defined as an occupation "which a person has learned and engages in, especially mechanical employment, as distinguished from the liberal arts," or the learned professions.
Opportunity is the great boon in life. To the ambitious young man the carpenter's trade offers a field for venturing into the learned professions by a route which cannot be equaled in any other pursuit. In his work he daily enters into contact with problems which require mathematics of the highest order, geometry, the methods of calculating strains and stresses, as well as laying out angles and curves.
This is a trade wherein he must keep in mind many calculations as to materials, number, size, and methods of joining; he must remember all the [Pg 153] small details which go to make up the entire structure. This exercise necessitates a mental picture of the finished product. His imagination is thus directed to concrete objects. As the mind develops, it becomes creative in its character, and the foundation is laid for a higher sphere of usefulness in what is called the professional field.
A good carpenter naturally develops into an architect, and the best architect is he who knows the trade. It is a profession which requires not only the artistic taste, but a technical knowledge of details, of how practically to carry out the work, how to superintend construction, and what the different methods are for doing things.
The architect must have a scientific education, which gives him a knowledge of the strength of materials, and of structural forms; of the durability of materials; of the price, quality, and use of everything which goes into a structure; of labor conditions; and of the laws pertaining to buildings.
Many of these questions will naturally present themselves to the carpenter. They are in the sphere of his employment, but it depends upon himself to make the proper use of the material thus daily brought to him.
It is with a view to instil that desire and ambition in every young man, to make the brain do [Pg 154] what the hand has heretofore done, that I suggest this course. The learned profession is yours if you deserve it, and you can deserve it only through study, application, and perseverance.
Do well that which you attempt to do. Don't do it in that manner because some one has done it in that way before you. If, in the trade, the experience of ages has taught the craftsman that some particular way of doing things is correct, there is no law to prevent you from combating that method. Your way may be better. But you must remember that in every plan for doing a thing there is some particular reason, or reasons, why it is carried out in that way. Study and learn to apply those reasons.
So in your leisure or in your active moments, if you wish to advance, you must be alert. Know for yourself the reasons for things, and you will thereby form the stepping stones that will lead you upward and contribute to your success.
Tools and Their Uses
II. How to Grind and Sharpen Tools
III. How to Hold and Handle Tools
IV. How to Design Articles
V. How work is Laid Out
VI. The Uses of the Compass and the Square
VII. How the Different Structural Parts are Designated
VIII. Drawing and Its Utility
IX. Moldings, with Practical Illustrations in Embellishing Work
X. An Analysis of Tenoning, Mortising, Rabbeting and Beading
XI. House Building
XII. Bridges, Trussed Work and Like Structures
XIII. The Best Woods for the Beginner
XIV. Wood Turning
XV. On the Use of Stains
XVI. The Carpenter and the Architect
XVII. Useful Articles to Make
XVIII. Special Tools and Their Uses
XIX. Roofing Trusses
XX. On the Con
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for Fish Fossils
Subclass Pteraspidomorphi (early jawless fish)
(unranked) Cephalaspidomorphi (early jawless fish)
Class Osteostraci (bony armored
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for Fish Fossils
Subclass Pteraspidomorphi (early jawless fish)
(unranked) Cephalaspidomorphi (early jawless fish)
Class Osteostraci (bony armored jawless fish)
Infraphylum Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates)
Class Placodermi (extinct)
Class Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish)
Class Acanthodii (spiny sharks. extinct)
Superclass Osteichthyes (bony fish)
Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish)
Class Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish)
Subclass Coelacanthimorpha (coelacanths)
Subclass Dipnoi (lungfish)
comprise a paraphyletic group (containing taxa that
are descended from a common ancestor, but not including all
taxa descended from the common ancestor), including hagfishes,
lampreys, sharks and rays, ray-finned fishes, coelacanths,
and lungfishes. More formally, fishes are any non-tetrapod
chordates. One widely accepted taxonomy is shown to the right,
and some brief descriptions are given below for major groups
from which fossils are known.
The Agnatha are
the jawless fish, and the extant varieties are the last survivors
of the world's first vertebrate animals. Jawless fishes
diverged from other fish during the Cambrian some 500 million
years ago, and lack scales, paired fins, and jaws. They instead
have a circular toothed outgrowth used to latch on to the
side of another fish in order to feed on its blood.
Agnatha were prominent among primitive fishes of the early
Paleozoic. Haikouichthys and Myllokunmingia are notable agnathans
from the Chengjiang biota of China. Another putative agnathid
from Chengjiang is Haikouella. The Agnatha larvae are filter
feeders, a characteristic that betrays their evolutionary
kinship with invertebrate chordates. Many Ordovician, Silurian,
and Devonian agnathans were heavily armored with bony, spiked
plates. The Ostracoderms were the first armored agnathans,
ancesctors of the bony fishes and thus to tetrapods, including
humans, beings) that are are known from the middle Ordovician.
Agnathans never recovered from a decline during the Devonian.
The Chondrichthyes are
the cartilaginous fish having flexible skeleton of cartilage
rather than bone. They evolved some 100 million years after
the jawless fishes and the sharks, skates, and rays. They
have jaws, teeth and scales, and are, in general, effective
The teeth of carnivorous sharks are not attached to the jaw,
but instead are embedded in the flesh. Shark teeth of many
species are constantly replaced and some sharks can lose
30,000 teeth over their lifetime, which is why shark teeth
fossils are so abundant. In contrast, cartilagage poorly
fossilizes, making the cartilaginous fish fossils relatively
The Osteichthyes are
the bony fishes that evolved in conjunction with the cartilaginous
fish that are by far the largest group of fishes, have paired
fins, dermal scales, numerous vertebrae, and often many teeth.
The bony fish (Osteichthyes) can, in turn, be divided into
two categories, the lobe-finned fish and the ray-finned fishes.
Lobe-finned fishes have muscular fins supported by bones.
The lone surviving lobe-finned fishes is the coelacanth.
believes that terrestrial animals evolved from lobe-finned,
rather than ray-finned fishes. Ray-finned fish comprise all
other fish with a flexible skeleton made of bone. Osteichthyes
are the largest group of vertebrates comprising some 29,000
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The New York Times just published an article, Putting a Dent in College Costs With Open Source Textbooks, that outlines just how much students whose professors assign open textbooks are saving. This is a great article to share with a colleague who wants to know
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The New York Times just published an article, Putting a Dent in College Costs With Open Source Textbooks, that outlines just how much students whose professors assign open textbooks are saving. This is a great article to share with a colleague who wants to know more about “open source textbooks” or OERs. The author points out that “Textbook costs are particularly burdensome for students at two-year community colleges; the cost, more than $1,300, is about 40 percent of the average cost of tuition, according to the College Board.” Further, as those of us who teach and work in community colleges know, “[Lack of] textbooks can interfere with education. Some students, for instance, may delay buying the required text for a class, and fall behind; or they simply don’t buy it at all, putting themselves at a disadvantage.” Open licensed educational resources can be a great option for faculty who want to save students money, but who also want to have greater control and greater flexibility in the resources assigned to students for reading, viewing or listening. See Kirkwood’s OER guide for more information and resources!
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1. Brush and floss more often
Plaque, the sticky buildup on your teeth, collects bacteria that cause bad breath. Trapped food also adds to the problem.
Brush your teeth at least two times each day, and floss at
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1. Brush and floss more often
Plaque, the sticky buildup on your teeth, collects bacteria that cause bad breath. Trapped food also adds to the problem.
Brush your teeth at least two times each day, and floss at least once. If you're concerned about your breath, do both a little more often.
Don't overdo things, though. If you brush too hard you can wear down your teeth, making them vulnerable to decay.
2. Rinse your mouth out
Besides freshening your breath, a mouthwash adds extra protection by getting rid of bacteria. A fresh minty taste can make you feel good. But be sure the mouthwash you choose kills the germs that cause bad breath. Don't just cover up the smell. Rinse daily with a good mouthwash and stop bad breath at its source.
You can also help your breath if you swish your mouth with plain water after you eat. It can get rid of food particles that get stuck in your teeth.
3. Scrape your tongue
The coating that normally forms on your tongue can be a host for smelly bacteria. To get rid of them, gently brush your tongue with your toothbrush.
If your brush is too big to comfortably reach the back of your tongue, try a scraper. "They're designed specifically to apply even pressure across the surface of the tongue area. This removes bacteria, food debris, and dead cells that brushing alone can't take care of," says hygienist Pamela L. Quinones, past president of the American Dental Hygienists' Association.
4. Avoid foods that sour your breath
Onions and garlic are big offenders. But brushing after you eat them doesn't help.
The substances that cause their bad smells make their way into your bloodstream and travel to your lungs, where you breathe them out, says dentist Richard Price, DMD, a spokesperson for the American Dental Association.
The best way to stop the problem? Don't eat them, or at least avoid them before you go to work or see friends.
5. Kick the tobacco habit
Besides causing cancer, smoking can damage your gums, stain your teeth, and give you bad breath.
Over-the-counter nicotine patches can help tame the urge. If yo
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DotToDot numbers & letters is an educational app that teaches children times tables and alphabet. Available for iPhone, iPod touch and iPad.
A great way to develop children’s number recognition and counting skills
Aged-based settings that make it more challenging
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DotToDot numbers & letters is an educational app that teaches children times tables and alphabet. Available for iPhone, iPod touch and iPad.
A great way to develop children’s number recognition and counting skills
Aged-based settings that make it more challenging for older children (4-7 year-olds)
Older kids can beat the clock
A leaderboard, so Kids can challenge siblings best times
Practice for fine motor skills
Fun animation, graphics and sounds kids will love
12 dot-to-dot puzzles
How it works…
Once the app has been customised to suit the childs needs. Touch the flashing dot to start.
Click on the next number or letter in the sequence to complete the image.
Children get feedback on how well they did, encouraging further exploration and development.
PocketPhonics (The original) for iPhone and iPad
Used in over 1,000 schools and pre-schools to teach kids letter sounds, first words and handwriting. Independent research found children learnt nine times as fast using PocketPhonics as compared to a classroom lesson. For iPhone and iPad.
“As a special needs teacher of 40+ years experience in primary, secondary and adult education I can highly recommend this app with its sight, sound, touch and modern application”
Richard, Leicester, England
“One of my children’s favorite early reading apps.”
New York Times
The way for 21st century kids to learn phonics and letter formation
PocketPhonics teaches over 60 letter sound combinations (not just the individual letter sounds in the alphabet, but sounds that come from a combination of letters like “sh”). It also teaches how to sound out and spell over 170 frequently-used words.
How it works…
PocketPhonics shows children how to write letters using an arrow they follow with their finger or stylus.
Letter sounds are taught in small groups. Using a unique, spelling game.
Receive achievment certificates and weekly progress reports via email.
Teachers, get a FREE trial copy now!
Get in touch to receive a trial copy of PocketPhonics Stories for your class.
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PORTLAND, Ore.—Exascale supercomputers running a thousand times faster than today's petaflop machines will require newer performance measures, according to Sandia National Laboratories, which announced a 30 member committee effort to define a new
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PORTLAND, Ore.—Exascale supercomputers running a thousand times faster than today's petaflop machines will require newer performance measures, according to Sandia National Laboratories, which announced a 30 member committee effort to define a new standard with Intel, IBM, AMD, NVIDIA, and Oracle. Called Graph 500, a preliminary specification has already been made available to supercomputer makers for testing.
Graph 500 differs from the traditional Linpack by testing a supercomputer's skill at using graph theory to analyze the output streams from simulations in biological, security, social and similar large-scale problems. Graph 500 not only measures the traditional number crunching ability of supercomputers, but also their ability to shuttle around the very-large data sets represented by future supercomputers like those being addressed by the U.S. Department of Energy's exascale supercomputer initiative.
"Today's Linpack benchmark focuses on compute-intensive work, but we are looking at data intensive things," said Sandia researcher Richard Murphy.
The major problem today with very-large data sets is automating their analysis, which can sometimes take months longer than the actual collection and processing of the data. The theory is that the analysis of very-large simulations requires relatively simple calculations performed on select elements found in sparsely populated arrays representing huge numbers of participants. A three-tiered architecture is being proposed to partition the benchmarking problem into parallel executing graphs structures—one kernel handles linking sets of related members while a second performs parallel searches for the most relevant results from these graphs. And a third kernel is in the works.
Synthetic graph was generated by a method called Kronecker multiplication. Larger versions of this generator, modeling real-world graphs, are used in the Graph500 benchmark. (Courtesy of Jeremiah Willcock, Indiana University)
"The goal is to have some influence over how industry puts together supercomputers," said Mur
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What do you think of when you hear the words ‘one foot in the grave’?
In some of the world’s poorest communities, this phrase is used to describe pregnancy. What should be a cause for celebration is still the most dangerous time in
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What do you think of when you hear the words ‘one foot in the grave’?
In some of the world’s poorest communities, this phrase is used to describe pregnancy. What should be a cause for celebration is still the most dangerous time in a woman’s life.
In Guatemala, indigenous mothers are three times more likely than others to die in childbirth. This is not only due to the lack of hospitals and medicines but also discrimination from hospital staff who don’t try to communicate with them.
On Sunday 6th November Shappi Khorsandi will presented Health Poverty Action’s BBC Radio 4 Appeal about the dangers of pregnancy in remote areas of Guatemala, and how we work with local women to ensure more mothers can give birth safely.
Hear more about why Shappi Khorsandi is supporting our BBC Radio 4 Appeal in this video:
We are working in Guatemala an
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Nearly eight years ago my life changed in the most extraordinary way. I became a grandparent. Friends who had reached this stage before me often told me that it was the best thing that ever happened to them. I was skeptical, but knew that
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Nearly eight years ago my life changed in the most extraordinary way. I became a grandparent. Friends who had reached this stage before me often told me that it was the best thing that ever happened to them. I was skeptical, but knew that one day I would find out for myself. Well, all I can say is that they were right.
Having a grandchild, especially one who lives nearby so you have regular contact with them, is probably the best gift I have ever received. I have watched him grow and learn over the past seven years and know that I have done the same.
Anthropologist Margaret Mead once stated that connections between the generations are “essential for the mental health and stability of a nation.”
Grandparents have always been important. Today, they’re even more important. In busy, two-career and single-parent families, an involved grandparent goes a long way to filling a void for children. In some more extreme situations, the courts have found it’s often a grandparent who can reach a troubled teen or provide the stability and support for a young child when no one else can.
On a lighter note, a teacher friend of mine had her fourth grade students talk about their heroes one day in class. One girl said her grandmother was her hero. When the teacher asked why, the girl explained, “Because she’s the only one in the whole world who can boss my parents around!”
This coming Sunday, September 13th, is National Grandparents Day. The impetus for a National Grandparents Day originated with Marian McQuade, a housewife in Fayette County, West Virginia, with the behind-the-scenes support of her husband Joseph L. McQuade. Together they had 15 children, 43 grandchildren, 10 great-grandchildren, and one great-great grandchild.
Mrs. McQuade envisioned three purposes for Grandparents Day.
- To honor grandparents.
- To give grandparents an opportunity to show love for their children’s children.
- To help children become aware of the strength, information and guidance older people can offer.
But, her primary motivation was to champion the cause of lonely elderly in nursing homes. She spent much of her life advocating for older adults. In 1971 she was elected Vice-Chair of the West Virginia Committee on Ag
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Hardiness and Notes on the Rhododendron Bud Moth
By Joseph B. Gable, Stewartstown, Penna.
On page 47 of the January Bulletin, Dr. Overstreet of Eugene, Oregon, describes a worm
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Hardiness and Notes on the Rhododendron Bud Moth
By Joseph B. Gable, Stewartstown, Penna.
On page 47 of the January Bulletin, Dr. Overstreet of Eugene, Oregon, describes a worm which eats the flower buds of his rhododendrons. He states that he has seen no description of this pest and shows two photos of it. (Fig. 7 and Fig. 8).
We have a pest here which if not the same is very similar and neither have I found any reference to it in our rhododendron books. We call it a 'bud moth' locally where it is very common to abundant in some seasons. It is probably endemic for it is to be found here on our native Azalea nudiflora everywhere. And in this part of York Co. this azalea is the most common undershrub in our forests.
This 'bud moth' starts its bud eating activities very early in spring. I have found them with the head inside the bud in warm spells in February and in the same position frozen hard in zero freezes so I surmise that the eggs may be laid in autumn. Whether they are laid on the bud or where I do not know. It may be very destructive in some seasons. Very early spraying with lead arsenate or any stomach insecticide is necessary, so early that one seldom gets it done. I have wondered if they were sprayed in fall with lead arsenate in something like 'Wilt-pruf' if it would hold long enough to get them. It should be noted that after the larva have their heads in the hole-they may enter the bud completely when small or when the bud is large enough-it may be difficult to get the poison into the area where it feeds. After the new foliage has started growth these same worms seem to feed on it too to some extent and should be easily poisoned but by then the buds are killed. Often they do not eat all the flower buds and the truss appears as though it had been partially winter killed when it opens only a few flowers.
We know nothing more of the life history of this pest than the above or how much of the eastern U.S. it may infest. Of course it always prefers the prize plant in one's garden. The only good thing I can say is that it is generally not abundant and when it is abundant is mostly localized to small spots of the planting.
I think a really severe winter of continued cold inhibits their activity to some extent but in the Northwest with its milder winters I could envision very unpleasant possibilities. And there is the chance that the Dr. and I are describing different bugs?
Again the results of the hardiness tests of evergreen azaleas on page 40 differ considerably with our experience of many years here with our plants in the open.
Again, on page 15-17 of the A.R.S. Quarterly, January 1959 regarding the descriptions of R. yakushimanum, the two plants I have so labeled are easily separated from R. degronianum, makinoi and the like in foliage but my R. yakushimanum always loses its buds and the foliage is injured in our winters. Which probably makes it a true R. yakushimanum?
My prize plant of this group of rhododendrons is R. adenopodum - or correctly - one plant of this species which seems to outdo its kinsmen. This superior seedling of adenopodum was one of my finest plants but was badly broken by snow in March 1958.
Hybrids of this group of rhododendrons with others of the R. ponticum, and R. fortunei series have produced nothing of enough worth to carry on with me. Perhaps they will mate better with R. griersonianum and R. haematodes to give us some hardy dwarfs.
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There are other discoveries yet to be deciphered from the latest excavation site at the heart of this vast metropolis, where the Aztecs built their great temple and the Spanish conquerors laid the foundation of their new empire.
Before announcing the finding
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There are other discoveries yet to be deciphered from the latest excavation site at the heart of this vast metropolis, where the Aztecs built their great temple and the Spanish conquerors laid the foundation of their new empire.
Before announcing the finding of the unusual burial site and the remains of what may be a sacred tree last month, archaeologists had also recently revealed a giant round stuccoed platform decorated with serpents’ heads and a floor carved in relief that appears to show a holy war.
Mexico City might be one of the world’s classic megacities, an ever-expanding jumble of traffic, commerce, grand public spaces, leafy suburbs and cramped slums. But it is also an archaeological wonder, and more than three decades after a chance discovery set off a systematic exploration of the Aztecs’ ceremonial spaces, surprises are still being uncovered in the city’s superimposed layers.
“It’s a living city that has been transforming since the pre-Hispanic epoch,” said Raúl Barrera, who l
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We often take our government for granted. We get used to the way it functions and we think we know our role within the framework. But we often forget one important fact: We have the right to know.
Every state in the U.S.
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We often take our government for granted. We get used to the way it functions and we think we know our role within the framework. But we often forget one important fact: We have the right to know.
Every state in the U.S. has its own freedom of information law. You might read stories in the Empire and wonder how we get our hands on some of the numbers or information we publish. Under Alaska’s law, as is the case across the country, filing a public information request can provide a resident access to city, state and federal documents. That goes for everyone, not just journalists. Anyone can send in an information request, and the government is legally bound to respond. In Alaska, the government on the receiving end of the request must respond within 10 days. There may be a fee, but the applicant can ask to have it waived.
Sunshine Week is an annual celebration of government transparency and the laws that make that possible, and it continues through Saturday. But according to reports from several government transparency advocates, Alaska’s laws don’t hold government bodies as accountable as they could.
• According to the Better Government Association’s 2013 Integrity Index, Alaska’s government transparency was 35th in the country, with a score of 53 out of 100. Coming in last was Montana with a score of 28. Alaska’s score improved from 2008, when the index ranked it 40th. The association takes into account freedom of information, whistleblower protection, campaign finance, open meeting and conflict of interest laws in each state.
• In 2012, the State Integrity Investigation gave Alaska a D+ on its Corruption Risk Report Card. An interactive map comparing the states can be found online at www.publicintegrity.org/2012/03/19/8423/grading-nation-how-accountable-y....
• The same year, the State Integrity Investigation gave Alaska an F for the effectiveness of its open records laws, citing frequent low-quality responses to requests for information. More details can be found online at www.stateintegrity.org/alaska_survey_public_access_to_information.
A complete breakdown of Alaska’s open government laws can be found online at www.rcfp.org/alaska-open-government-guide.
A public information request letter creator can be found online at www.splc.org/legalassistance/foiletter.asp.
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In this booklet we will examine the Bible's teaching on conversion. Contrary to what many think, it is not just a one-time event. Instead the Scriptures reveal that it is a process.The process begins with God's calling, followed by the
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In this booklet we will examine the Bible's teaching on conversion. Contrary to what many think, it is not just a one-time event. Instead the Scriptures reveal that it is a process.The process begins with God's calling, followed by the key steps of repentance, baptism and the receiving of the Holy Spirit—finally climaxing with the return of Jesus Christ, when the dead in Christ are resurrected to immortality and given eternal life. That is the ultimate transformation, being changed from a mortal to an immortal being!
The word conversion is heard often in religious circles. People commonly speak of their "conversion," or how they came to be "conv
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Famous Firsts for Women in Political History
Women have played a significant role in American political history. By the time the 19th Amendment was passed in 1920, many states had already given women voting rights. Jeannette Rank
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Famous Firsts for Women in Political History
Women have played a significant role in American political history. By the time the 19th Amendment was passed in 1920, many states had already given women voting rights. Jeannette Rankin, the first female to hold national office, was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1916.
The first woman to ever run for president was Victoria Woodhull. She ran on the Equal Rights Party ticket. However, historians question whether or not she was legal to run. Not because women had not yet been given voting rights, but because she would not turn thirty-five until a few months after the presidential inauguration.
Susanna M. Salter
The first woman ever elected to any political office was Susanna Madora Salter. She served as the mayor of Argonia, Kansas, having been elected in 1887.
The first woman ever elected to national office and the U.S. House of Representati
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(b Chicago, 22 Jun. 1912; d New York, 21 May 2006)
US dancer, teacher, choreographer, and director who helped establish African-American dance as an international theatre form. She studied anthropology, specializing
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(b Chicago, 22 Jun. 1912; d New York, 21 May 2006)
US dancer, teacher, choreographer, and director who helped establish African-American dance as an international theatre form. She studied anthropology, specializing in dance at the University of Chicago, and took dance classes locally, making her major professional debut in Page's La Guillablesse in 1933. After a period of dance research in the West Indies (1937–8) she returned to Chicago to work for the Federal Theatre Project, and was then appointed director of dance for the New York Labor Stage in 1939, choreographing movement for plays and musicals. In 1940 she presented her own programme of work, Tropics and Le Jazz Hot—from Haiti to Harlem, with a specially assembled company. This launched her career as a choreographer. In the same year she and her company danced in the Broadway musical Cabin in the Sky (chor. Balanchine), after whic
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After re-examining data acquired by the Voyager 2 spacecraft, astronomers have detected wavy patterns in two of Uranus’s dark system of rings-patterns that may be indicative of two undiscovered moons.
The ice giant has 27 known
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After re-examining data acquired by the Voyager 2 spacecraft, astronomers have detected wavy patterns in two of Uranus’s dark system of rings-patterns that may be indicative of two undiscovered moons.
The ice giant has 27 known moons, far fewer than the 67 and 62 of its neighbours Jupiter and Saturn, respectively. Uranus is a smaller planet, which may explain the difference.
But it might just be that we haven’t previously had a chance to look for more moons. Unlike its larger brethren, Uranus has entertained only one passing spacecraft – Voyager 2, which tripled the number of known Uranian moons in its 1986 flyby. Uranus is also yet to receive an orbiting spacecraft like Jupiter’s Galileo and Juno, or Saturn’s Cassini.
In addition to its moons, Uranus has dark, narrow rings. Scientists detected the first of these in 1977, when the planet and its rings blocked the light from a distant star. Voyager 2 later discovered two moons, Cordelia and Ophelia, on either side of the outermost ring, named Epsilon. The gravitational pulls of the two moons herd the ring’s particles into a narrow formation.
Small, dark satellites
Now planetary scientists Rob Chancia and Matthew Hedman at the University of Idaho in Moscow have re-examined Voyager data and discovered wavy patterns in two other rings, Alpha and Beta. These may similarly arise from the gravitational tug of a moon that lies outside each ring.
“These moons are pretty tiny,” says Chancia, at only 4 to 14 kilometres across if they exist. That means they’re probably smaller than any Uranian satellite known – and too diminutive for Voyager to have seen clearly. Still, at least four of Saturn’s moons are even smaller.
The two putative moons are probably dark, based on the colours of their neighbours. “Not only are Uranus’s rings dark, so are most of the little satellites that are in that region,” says Hedman.
The existence of the
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Speech-language problems are the most common disability of childhood yet they are the least well detected, particularly in primary care settings. Did you know that speech-language deficits affect about 1 in 12 children? When speech-language difficulties go untreated, children may
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Speech-language problems are the most common disability of childhood yet they are the least well detected, particularly in primary care settings. Did you know that speech-language deficits affect about 1 in 12 children? When speech-language difficulties go untreated, children may develop behavioral challenges, mental health problems, reading difficulties, and academic failure. So as you can guess, early identification and treatment is critical for a child's overall success.
Speech-Language Pathologists treat the entire scope of communication disorders, including those specific to the school aged child. As many as 5 percent of school-aged children are believed to have a language disorder. The following is a list of speech and language disorders typically observed in school-aged children:
- Articulation (Speech) Disorder: The inability to correctly produce speech (phonemes) because of the imprecise placement, timing, pressure, speech, or flow of movement of the lips, tongue, or throat. With an articulation disorder, there is difficulty producing and using age-appropriate speech sounds.
- Auditory Processing Disorder: APD is a complex problem affecting approximately 5% of school-aged children. Auditory processing refers to the brain's ability to recognize and interpret speech and non-speech sounds. Auditory processing disorders occur when the brain is unable to process/interpret information. Children with APD may demonstrate difficulty with the following skills: attention, academic performance, behavior, spelling, following simple and complex directions, listening, reading, processing information, sentence structure (syntax), vocabulary acquisition and writing.
- Expressive Language Disorder: Children with an expressive language disorder may understand spoken communication, but demonstrate difficulty expressing their thoughts and ideas. They may demonstrate difficulty making a connection between words and ideas. Expressive language symptoms include reduced sentence length, poor story recall, improper sentence structure, poor word choice, difficulty retrieving words and poor use of grammatical rules.
- Receptive Language Delay: Children with receptive language delays demonstrate difficulty understanding language. Disordered skills can include following simple and complex directions, understanding grammatical rules, sustaining attention, and following details of a story.
- Stuttering (Fluency): Stuttering of dysfluent speech is characterized by the disruptions in normal speech flow. Speech is often halting and can include repetitions ("My, my, my, dog Sammy"), fillers ("Um") and prolongations of speech sounds (H-h-h-h-h-h-h-is socks are under the chair). In severe cases, secondary physical characteristics may be observed (eye blinking, head nodding).
Are you concerned regarding the speech-language skills of your school-aged child? Does your child already receive speech-language services at school but you are looking to supplement his or her therapy programming with individualized outpatient treatment? Contact us and we will guide you through the initial steps of outpatient therapy services. Most of the time you will not need a referral from your primary care physician. (541) 716-1316 or [email protected]
Sarah McDonnell, MA CCC-SLP
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Presentation on theme: "Drill The complete combustion of ethanol produces carbon dioxide and water according to the following chemical equation: C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) +"— Presentation transcript
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Presentation on theme: "Drill The complete combustion of ethanol produces carbon dioxide and water according to the following chemical equation: C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) +"— Presentation transcript:
Drill The complete combustion of ethanol produces carbon dioxide and water according to the following chemical equation: C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) How many moles of oxygen are necessary to produce 18.0 moles of carbon dioxide?
Objective The student will be able to: Complete an experiment in order to illustrate the concept of a limiting reagent in a chemical reaction.
SAT/HSA Enrichment 175.6g of NH3 gas is stored at STP. The volume of the gas at those conditions is… a. 10.32 liters b. 22.40 liters c. 175.6 liters d. 231.4 liters e. 3933 liters
Small Scale-Lab Analysis of Baking Soda Purpose: To determine the mass of sodium hydrogen carbonate in a sample of baking soda using stoichiometry.
If a carpenter had two tabletops and seven table legs, he could only build one four-legged table. The number of table legs is the limiting factor in the construction of four-legged tables. Similarly, in chemistry, the amount of product made in a chemical reaction may be limited by the amount of one or more of the reactants.
Limiting and Excess Reagents In a chemical reaction, an insufficient quantity of any of the reactants will limit the amount of product that forms. The limiting reagent is the reagent that determines the amount of product that can be formed by a reaction.
Limiting and Excess Reagents In the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen, hydrogen is the limiting reagent. Nitrogen is the reagent that is not completely used up in the reaction. The reagent that is not used up is called the excess reagent.
Limiting and Excess Reagents The Chemical Equation for the Preparation of Ammonia
Percent Yield The percent yield is a measure of the efficiency of a reaction carried out in the laboratory. A batting average is actually a percent yield.
Percent Yield The theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product that could be formed from given amounts of reactants. In contrast, the amount of product that actually forms when the reaction is carried out in the laboratory is called the actual yield. The percent yield is the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield expressed as a percent.
Quick Lab Limiting Reagents Purpose: To illustrate the concept of a limiting reagent in a chemical reaction.
Summary Did we accomplish the objective? Explain. In a chemical reaction, how does an insufficient quantity of a reactant affect the amount of a product formed? Insufficient quantity of any reactants will limit the amount of product. How can you gauge the efficiency of a reaction carried out in the lab? Can be measured by calculating the percent yield.
Homework Read the Percent Yield of a Salt Lab Pre-Lab Quiz next class!
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Appalachia has a strong Scotch-Irish history, many of the settlers that ended up in the Appalachian mountain range were from Gaelic colonists moving West as the solidification of the United States during the 18th and 19th century
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Appalachia has a strong Scotch-Irish history, many of the settlers that ended up in the Appalachian mountain range were from Gaelic colonists moving West as the solidification of the United States during the 18th and 19th century conflicted with their ideas of fair taxation and freedom to practice their trades without the interference of government regulations.
In the process of this migration they encountered other groups facing similar displacement; indigenous cultures and freed slaves that had found refuge in the wilderness of Appalachia seeking to escape from the expanding horizons of the fast forming United States. This intermixing of cultures provides a place where ancient traditions and various lines of transmission came together to produce a potent folk life which unconsciously holds the seeds of gnosis.
In Gaelic communities the beginning of February is marked by the festival of Imbolc, Christianized as the feast day of St. Brigid. This celebration is held in the honor of the first appearance of spring, represented in Gaelic myth as Brigid, the Bride.
“She is goddess of the household fire; her position is that of the hearth goddess Vesta, as much as that of Minerva, for evidently she is primarily a fire-goddess. Her name is probably from the same root as the English bright, Gaelic brco. The British goddess, Brigantia, is doubtless the same as the Irish Brigit Mr Whitley Stokes picks out the following instances in proof of her character as a fire-goddess; she was born at sunrise; her breath revives the. dead; a house in which she stays flames up to heaven; she is fed with the milk of a white red-eared cow; a fiery pillar rises from her head, and she remains a virgin like the Roman goddess, Vesta, and her virgins—Vesta, whom Ovid tells us to consider ” nothing else than the living flame, which can produce no bodies.” Cormac calls her the daughter of the Dagda. “This Brigit,” he says, “is a poetess, a goddess whom poets worshipped. Her sisters were Brigit, woman of healing; Brigit, woman of smith work; that is, goddesses; these are the three daughters of the Dagda.”
– Celtic Mythology & Religion, Alexander McBain
Fire is a potent traditional symbol of the eternal spirit, and the hearth fire is, in some ways, a continuation of this symbol in the domestic setting. Here the house becomes a temple to the eternal, an outward manifestation of the temple built within the believers, the faithful and the gnostics.
“When a traditional form is on the point of becoming extinct, its last representatives may very well deliberately entrust to this aforesaid collective memory the things that otherwise would be lost beyond recall; that is in fact the sole means of saving what can in a certain measure be saved. At the same time, that lack of understanding that is one of the natural characteristics of the masses is a sure enough guarantee that what is esoteric will be nonetheless undivulged, remaining merely as a sort of witness of the past for such as, in later times, shall be capable of understanding It.”
– Symbols of the Sacred Science, Rene Guenon
Appalachia, as the center point of migration for the remnants of so many traditional cultures, became a storehouse for these traditional forms. The manifestations of the Holiness Churches, of Hoodoo, and Deutsch Pow Wow among the Amish and Mennonite, show that even when these transmissions were weakened by forgetfulness, their manifestations still continue to hold the powerful impetus of true tradition, that “rock of ages” that can never be destroyed.
“Minerva is the fifth and la
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Author(s): Luo Y, Wan S, Hui D, Wallace LL
Abstract Share this page
Abstract The latest report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts a 1.4-5.8
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Author(s): Luo Y, Wan S, Hui D, Wallace LL
Abstract Share this page
Abstract The latest report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts a 1.4-5.8 degrees C average increase in the global surface temperature over the period 1990 to 2100 (ref. 1). These estimates of future warming are greater than earlier projections, which is partly due to incorporation of a positive feedback. This feedback results from further release of greenhouse gases from terrestrial ecosystems in response to climatic warming. The feedback mechanism is usually based on the assumption that observed sensitivity of soil respiration to temperature under current climate conditions would hold in a warmer climate. However, this assumption has not been carefully examined. We have therefore conducted an experiment in a tall grass prairie ecosystem in the US Great Plains to study the response of soil respiration (the sum of root and heterotrophic respiration) to artificial warming of about 2 degrees C. Our observations indicate that the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration decreases--or acclimatizes--under warming and that the acclimatization is greater at high temperatures. This acclimatization of soil respiration to warming may therefore weaken the positive feedback between the terrestrial carbon cycle and climate.
This article was published in Nature
and referenced in Journal of Geology & Geophysics
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Each class makes up class rules at the beginning of the year which everyone agrees will assist learning and facilitate a happy classroom environment. In addition, there are school rules and values which are contained in the school brochure.
There is an expectation of high standards
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Each class makes up class rules at the beginning of the year which everyone agrees will assist learning and facilitate a happy classroom environment. In addition, there are school rules and values which are contained in the school brochure.
There is an expectation of high standards of personal behaviour and respect for others which we hope parents/carers will encourage and support.
Children's achievements are celebrated in a special Celebration Assembly held each week. They do find this very motivating. Rewards also include stickers, certificates, praise, smiley faces, marbles in a jar and the opportunity to take part in our Privilege Club on a Friday afternoon. Considerate behaviour is also noticed at break and lunch times and also rewarded.
Everyone has the right to:
feel safe, cared for and respected
be able to learn to the best of his/her ability and to develop whatever skills he/she possesses
be treated equally irrespective of gender, race, physical characteristics or any other factors
learn and play with out disruption.
Everyone is expected to:
- be responsible for their own behaviour
- respect the rights of others.
We say No to Bullying, whether verbal or physical; it has no place in our school. We ask for all parents and pupils to help us by reporting immediately any incidents so that we can deal firmly and fairly with any bullies, involving parents if appropriate.
Good to be Green!
How it works…
- The Good to be Green chart displays every child’s name below a pocket containing a green, amber and red card.
- Children are encouraged to ‘stay on green’ through the visual aid and through a variety of rewards – this avoids overlooking those children who consistently behave well.
- In each class, the Golden Rules (the school and agreed class rules) are displayed next to the ‘Good to be Green’ chart.
- Children have the chance to start afresh on a ‘green card every d
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Earth Day is a great reminder to parents that we have a responsibility to not only talk to our kids about the environment but show them how to care for it in their own everyday lives. Here are a few simple steps you can take to ensure your
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Earth Day is a great reminder to parents that we have a responsibility to not only talk to our kids about the environment but show them how to care for it in their own everyday lives. Here are a few simple steps you can take to ensure your kids grow up respecting the world around us:
Be label aware
Companies are looking to differentiate themselves by offering earth-friendly products. For example, hundreds of products now sport the Vancouver Aquarium’s Ocean Wise label, which certifies that the product has been sustainably produced. Look for the EnviroCare label found on brands like Scotties facial tissue and Sponge Towels paper towels, which are made from 100% recycled materials without much of a price difference. Show these labels to your child and have a discussion about your purchasing choices and why they’re better for the environment.
Help your kids develop a love of nature
With a goal of encouraging kids to play outdoors, Earth Day Canada’s 2017 theme is “Earth Play“. Vancouver has so much to offer when it comes to outdoor play. Send your kids outside on your trampoline. Visit one of the five playgrounds at Wesbrook Village, then take a walk on the trails through Pacific Spirit Park. Check out the ParticipACTION 150 Play List and work together as a family to check off as many of the activities as possible.
Teach them from an early age
Topics like recycling, composting, waste and consumerism are important ones to start talking to your kids about from an early age. You can get them involved in helping determine how to incorporate these concepts into daily life. Take them to a local recycling depot and have them help sort the items into each bin. Set aside separate bins at home – clearly labeled for each type of recyclable item – and remind them where to put items. Do a quarterly purge of their clothes, bag up those that don’t fit anymore and donate or sell them.
Dig in the dirt together
Take your kids to your local gardening store and have them help you pick out the seeds or plants for your own garden. When you get back give them their own pots to plant or – if you have the space – set aside a gardening plot that is theirs to both plant and care for. If you’re feeling really adventurous plant your own edible garden. Teaching your kids to get their hands dirty in their own garden at a young age can foster a love for gardening that will stay with them for their entire lives.
Eat, shop, play local
One of the best ways to be earth-friendly is supporting local businesses. Visit your nearest produce retailer and stock up on locally grown fruits and veggies. Take a day trip to a U-pick, load up on whatever fruit is in season and eat, bake, cook or freeze all of it when you get home. Explore the city with an earth friendly day trip on local transit – its amazing how much kids love the bus and skytrain! And wherever possible leave the car at home and walk or bike to local destinations.
Following these simple steps will help your kids grow up green and serve as a good reminder for the grown ups too!
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Reducing High School Football Concussions
Recently, while at a high school football game, I noticed a few players on a team who repeatedly engaged in helmet to helmet contact, such as head butting and spearing: when one player runs into
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Reducing High School Football Concussions
Recently, while at a high school football game, I noticed a few players on a team who repeatedly engaged in helmet to helmet contact, such as head butting and spearing: when one player runs into the face of another, leading with the crown of his helmet. All of these actions can cause serious injury and even death. A recent tragedy occurred in southern Illinois when a high school football player who had been concussed was at home eating dinner a few days later and suddenly slumped over dead. A latent aneurysm, provoked by the concussion, led to his death.
Football coaches must train players to make hits that are legal, not above the shoulder, and engage in sportsmanlike conduct. However, there are some coaches who are less motivated to teach avoidance of helmet contact than others, even though strict guidelines for safe contact have been in place for decades.
It is usually incumbent upon the officials at football games to notice these improper hits and issue penalties. But penalties aren't always given. Some officials allow more violent play than others. They may have personal preferences that cloud their judgment. There are two ways to begin to control this issue. One is to allow officials more ways to punish players for unsportsmanlike behavior. For example, an official can throw a flag against a specific player, as they do in soccer and hockey, and then remove the player from the game. A first offense can result in a loss of 15 yards and the removal of the player from the game for ten minutes. A second offense, removal for the entire game, and a third offense disqualification for 3 future games, and so on. Players who receive three major citations for unsportsmanlike behavior in a year can be disqualified from contact sports entirely.
Another option would involve local law enforcement. Recently, I was at a high school football game where the local police scouted the student body and removed those who they felt were engaging in inciteful speech. But at the same game, on the football field, players could engage in helmet to helmet contact, or spearing, and the police were powerless to respond. It's an interesting American cultural phenomenon to note that police have power over language in the stands, but absolutely no power to regulate or remove players engaged in violent behavior. But unlike the fans who are engaged in nonviolent speech, football players' behavior may result in serious bodily injury, permanent disability, and death. The traditional chalk line on the football field also functions as a limit on police powers.
One cure for this would be to make the state, through its officials, legally liable for improperly-called games. For example, if a video shows that a player engaged in helmet to helmet contact and the play was not called, the official could be cited and fined; providing the official can be shown to be in close proximity to the play. It is very interesting that in the U.S. anyone can sue police for incompetence, false arrest, and so on; but no one is able to sue football officials for incompetence when their lack of vigilance results in someone's son suffering a serious lifetime brain or spinal injury, or death.
High school officials, and the public high school state organizations (In Illinois it's the IHSA, Illinois High School Association) want to be in absolute control of high school sports. They become very defensive and belligerent when anyone threatens their control. Police officers have no such immunity from criticism or prosecution.
Yet if public school officials in high school football games want absolute control, they should be held absolutely accountable for how effectively they supervise games. Their defense can be that they made a reasonable effort; the same standard applied to law enforcement. If the police point out an offense that the official didn't notice, the police can make the call. This may be awkward to implement at first, but politicians are obsessed with the value of one life when it comes to gun control. The control of sports violence should also be a high priority, since it is in public view, can be verified by video recording
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New Report on Climate Change and Wildlife
A new report that brings together recent research on how climate change is affecting plants, animals, and habitats in the United States confirms what we already suspected: the changes are happening faster than previously thought, with more
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New Report on Climate Change and Wildlife
A new report that brings together recent research on how climate change is affecting plants, animals, and habitats in the United States confirms what we already suspected: the changes are happening faster than previously thought, with more compelling evidence of impacts piling up.
The new report Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity, Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services was produced as a technical input into the 2013 National Climate Assessment (NCA). My NWF colleague Bruce Stein and I served on the steering committee and helped author several chapters of the report.
More Evidence of How Climate Change Is Affecting Nature
The report focuses on new research contributions from the last 5 or so years, and there have been many. Among the major findings of the report:
- Climate change is causing many species to shift their ranges and distributions faster than previously thought. Terrestrial species are moving up in elevation 2 to 3 times faster than initial estimates;
- There is increased evidence of species population declines and localized extinctions that can be directly attributed to climate change. Species living at high altitudes and latitudes are especially vulnerable to climate change;
- Changes in precipitation and extreme weather events can increase transport of nutrients and pollutants downstream. Drinking water quality is very likely to be strained as higher rainfall and river discharge lead to more nitrogen in waters and greater risk of waterborne disease outbreak;
- Ecosystem services provided by coastal habitats are especially vulnerable to sea level rise and more severe storms. The Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts are the most vulnerable to the loss of coastal protection services provided by wetlands and coral reefs. Coastal communities on the Pacific coast are also vulnerable;
- Changes in winter can have big and surprising effects on ecosystems and their services, including impacting agricultural and forest production.
Climate Ch
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If you like gardening and the idea that you can trust the food you eat because YOU grew it, you’ll really appreciate today’s guest post! Ivan Dimitrijevic shares with us a new way of gardening that anyone can do which produces bigger
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If you like gardening and the idea that you can trust the food you eat because YOU grew it, you’ll really appreciate today’s guest post! Ivan Dimitrijevic shares with us a new way of gardening that anyone can do which produces bigger plants at a faster rate – without using anything unnatural.
It is funny how sometimes nature tends to play hide and seek with us. For centuries we were trying to get nature under our control and we missed some of the basic stuff that she has provided for us. Later on in the text you will get what I am talking about. Lets just leave it a mystery for now.
Anyway, there are people who have been gardeners their whole lives and lately all of them are very thrilled when this new method of gardening came into use. It is a rather simple method which consists of two even more simpler methods. None of the people came up with the idea to combine them until lately and some scientists have proven the efficiency of it pretty high. I know you are confused, so let me explain how things work nowadays.
What is Aquaponics?
There are two branches of agriculture. The first is called hydroponics and it is concerned with gardening, primarily. But it is not just any kind of gardening. As a matter of fact, in this kind of gardening plants are not placed into the soil as they usually are, but rather into the water. You know when your mother gets flowers, she puts them into a vase full of water. Well this works in a similar way. The only difference is that the plants in hydroponics never actually die.
The second “discipline“ is not connected with gardening but more with fishing, and it is called aquaculture. This is a slightly broader term than hydroponics, since it implies all the ways of fish-farming, be it in an aquarium, in fish ponds, fish tanks or something else. But, how can the two of these be combined, and what is the purpose of it?
Well first of all let me tell you that the combined discipline, (or form of art should I say) is called aquaponics. I think that I owe you an explanation of the mechanism that is used in order to make the aquaponics system work. But, first of all, let me tell you why it has become so popular lately.
Scientists have proven that the plants grown in the aquaponics system grow twice as big and twice as fast. However, the main perk of this system is that the plants have the ability to grow twice or even thrice as much in the same amount of space. And, as I promised, the mechanism is rather simple. These plants are put in the same water where the fish will be. The fish will leave certain waste in the water, and through the aquaponics system that water is filtered and returned to them.
But what happens to all the waste, you might wonder? Well, as you know, plants have this strange need to be on a fertilized soil in order to grow. But what if all that material goes straight to the plants, which is the case in this system.
That’s right, the plants collect all that they need, which is actually the bigger part of the waste that the fish have made. That way, everything is in its right place. Fish have clean water, and plants grow more and more each day, even faster than before. The system itself is also pretty easy to build.
The Equipment Necessary
You are not going to need much special equipment – just a few basic things. Most of the aquaponics system is built with the tools you already have and the knowledge you probably possess. There are several instruction manuals that can be found on the internet. It all comes down to your power of creation and your ability to imagine it and make it work.
To sum up, you do not need a PhD in order to be a gardener, and even with the basic knowledge of things, you can have your own aquaponics system and you can grow your own plants in no time. This is a revolutionary method and
more and more people use it with each day passing by. Within several years from now, I bet that every garden will have one part that is devoted only to aquaponics where the plants will be twice as big as all the rest that very same garden.
About the Author
Ivan Dimitrijevic is an enthusiastic blogger who focuses primarily on Social Media Marketing, but also writes a lot about money saving techniques and business solutions. He writes about different money saving methods and the easiest ways of starting a profitable business. He enjoys occasionally writing about health and weight loss topics. Ivan spends a lot of time conducting serious research and publishing many articles on different topics.
Hmm, I’m definitely interested in doing more research on aquaponics! Have you heard of this type of gardening? Have you tried it yet?
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(Photo by Lorraine Hodgson)
For the second day of the Creation Time season I’ve selected this aerial view of the European Alps captured on a flight from Greece to London. Its stunningly beautiful snow-capped mountains and glaciers, so accessible to
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(Photo by Lorraine Hodgson)
For the second day of the Creation Time season I’ve selected this aerial view of the European Alps captured on a flight from Greece to London. Its stunningly beautiful snow-capped mountains and glaciers, so accessible to some of the most prosperous and densely-populated regions of the world, have ensured the Alps are a major tourist attraction. According to some measures the Alps are the second most-visited tourist destination in the world after the Mediterranean coastline. For many the Alps with their towering peaks and bright white snowfields symbolise the unfettered wildness of nature.
Yet the Alps are especially vulnerable to climate change. Temperatures in the region have risen by almost 2°C in the last 120 years; twice as much as the global average. Many glaciers have consistently retreated in recent decades and total ice volume today is estimated to be half what it was in 1850.
“At bottom, mountains, like all wildernesses, challenge our complacent conviction – so easy to lapse into – that the world has been made for humans by humans.” Robert Macfarlane
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After his death in 1556, Ignatiusof Loyola was regularly presented in contrast to Martin Luther, and the Jesuits themselves were the prime culprits for this portrayal. Viewed in the context of post Tridentine counterattacks
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After his death in 1556, Ignatiusof Loyola was regularly presented in contrast to Martin Luther, and the Jesuits themselves were the prime culprits for this portrayal. Viewed in the context of post Tridentine counterattacks, such a rendering is understandable. Moreover, the military metaphors that Ignatius himself used in much of his writing, while ultimately rooted in his previous chivalric fascinations, corresponded nicely to the image of Ignatius and the Jesuits as the shock troops of the Counter-Reformation. Of course such a view of the Jesuits has some truth to it. Jesuits participated at Trent (though in a more peripheral manner) and were instrumental in implementing the decrees of the Council. Robert Bellarmine was one of the most distinguished persons of the era with his attacks on Protestantism and his defense of Catholic theology. Toward the end of his life, Ignatius himself was more active in the fight against the Lutherans. He frequently communicated with Peter Canisius, who was on the frontlines of the conflict in Germany, about his growing awareness for this aspect of the Society's mission. In 1550, Ignatius revised the bull that established the Jesuits, stating that the purpose of the order was now the defense and propagation of the faith.
Link (here) to Ignatius Insight
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“Including one avocado each day as part of a moderate-fat, cholesterol-lowering diet compared to a comparable moderate-fat diet without an avocado provides additional LDL (low-density lipoproteins) lowering affects, which benefit CVD risk,” said Penny
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“Including one avocado each day as part of a moderate-fat, cholesterol-lowering diet compared to a comparable moderate-fat diet without an avocado provides additional LDL (low-density lipoproteins) lowering affects, which benefit CVD risk,” said Penny M. Kris-Etherton, Distinguished Professor of Nutrition.
Ms Kris-Etherton and colleagues tested three different diets, all designed to lower cholesterol: a lower-fat diet, consisting of 24 percent fat, and two moderate fat diets, with 34 percent fat. The moderate fat diets were nearly identical, however one diet incorporated one Hass avocado every day while the other used a comparable amount of high oleic acid oils — such as olive oil — to match the fatty acid content of one avocado. Hass avocados are the smaller, darker variety with bumpy green skin and have a higher nutrient content than Florida avocados which are larger and have smoother skin and a higher water content.
The researchers tested the diets with 45 healthy, overweight adults between the ages of 21 and 70. Compared to the participants’ baseline measurements, all three diets significantly lowered LDL — also known as bad cholesterol — as well as total cholesterol. However, participants experienced an even greater reduction in LDL and total cholesterol while on the avocado diet, compared to the other two diets, the researchers reported in the Journal of the American Heart Association.
The avocado diet decreased bad cholesterol by 13.5 mg/dL, while LDL was decreased by 8.3 mg/dL on the moderate-fat diet and by 7.4 mg/dL on the low-fat diet.
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Related terms: cerebrovascular disease, stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Carotid artery disease affects the vessels leading to the head and brain (cerebrovascular disease). Like the heart, the brain's cells need a
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Related terms: cerebrovascular disease, stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Carotid artery disease affects the vessels leading to the head and brain (cerebrovascular disease). Like the heart, the brain's cells need a constant supply of oxygen-rich blood. This blood supply is delivered to the brain by the 2 large carotid arteries in the front of your neck and by 2 smaller vertebral arteries at the back of your neck. The right and left vertebral arteries come together at the base of the brain to form what is called the basilar artery. A stroke most often occurs when the carotid arteries become blocked and the brain does not get enough oxygen.
Carotid artery disease increases the risk of stroke in 3 ways:
- By fatty deposits called plaque severely narrowing the carotid arteries.
- By a blood clot becoming wedged in a carotid artery narrowed by plaque.
- By plaque breaking off from the carotid arteries and blocking a smaller artery in the brain (cerebral artery).
Who is at risk for carotid artery disease and stroke?
About every 4 minutes, somebody in the United States dies of a stroke. The older you are, the greater your risk of stroke, and more men than women have strokes. Stroke is the number 5 killer in the United States, and a leading cause of disability among older Americans.
See also on this site: Stroke
If you have carotid artery disease, you probably also have severe coronary artery disease or have a parent who died from coronary artery disease. So, the risk factors for carotid artery disease are similar to those for coronary artery disease:
- High levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (bad cholesterol) and triglycerides in the blood.
- High blood pressure
- Family history of coronary artery disease
- Lack of exercise
What are the symptoms of carotid artery disease?
Although there are no symptoms specific to carotid artery disease, the warning signs of a stroke are a good way to tell if there is a blockage in the carotid arteries. Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are one of the most important warning signs that you may soon have a stroke. Sometimes called "mini-strokes," TIAs are temporary episodes of headache, dizziness, tingling, numbness, blurred vision, confusion, or paralysis that can last anywhere from a few minutes to a couple of hours. See a doctor right away if you or someone you know has the symptoms of a TIA.
Other signs or symptoms of a carotid artery blockage may be
- Weakness or paralysis of your arm, leg, or face on one side of your body.
- Numbness or tingling of your arm, leg, or face on one side of your body.
- Trouble swallowing.
- Loss of eyesight or blurry eyesight in one eye.
- Dizziness, confusion, fainting, or coma.
- Sudden, severe headache with no known cause.
How is carotid artery disease diagnosed?
In most cases, doctors can tell if you have the disease during a normal checkup. Your doctor may ask if you have had symptoms of a stroke (muscle weakness or numbness, lightheadedness, or trouble talking or seeing). By placing a stethoscope over the carotid artery in your neck, your doctor can listen for a rushing sound, called a bruit (pronounced "brew-ee"). But, the results of this test can be misleading. Bruit sounds may not always be present, even when carotid artery disease is severe. Also, bruit sounds are sometimes heard when blockages are only minor.
Other diagnostic tools include
- Doppler ultrasound imaging, which uses sound waves to check blood flow and measure the thickness of your carotid arteries.
- Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA), which is a type of magnetic resonance imaging that uses harmless but powerful magnetic fields to give a detailed picture of the arteries in your brain.
- Oculoplethysmography, which measures the pulsation of the arteries in the back of your eye, as an indirect check for blockages in the carotid arteries.
- Arteriography and digital subtraction angiography (DSA), which takes X-ray pictures of the carotid artery after a special dye is injected into your bloodstream.
Doppler ultrasound or "echo" study
How is carotid artery disease treated?
In addition to treating atherosclerosis or other underlying disorders, lifestyle changes, medicines, percutaneous interventions, or surgery may be needed to offset the effects of carotid artery disease and lower the risk of stroke.
Treatment for carotid artery disease includes lifestyle changes. The National Stroke Association recommends that you
- Quit smoking.
- Control high blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes, and heart disease.
- Find out if you have heart rhythm problems, especially atrial fibrillation, which increases the risk of blood clots that can lead to stroke.
- Limit the amount of alcohol you drink. Experts say that moderate intake is an average of one to two drinks per day for men and one drink per day for women. One drink is defined as 1½ fluid ounces (fl oz) of 80-proof spirits, 4 fl oz of wine, or
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Go ahead—judge an artist’s book by its cover. Artists who make books give as much thought to the front and back as to the contents. While literature is often a point of departure, artists’ books often bear little resemblance to conventional volumes
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Go ahead—judge an artist’s book by its cover. Artists who make books give as much thought to the front and back as to the contents. While literature is often a point of departure, artists’ books often bear little resemblance to conventional volumes. Many are sculptural, multidimensional, or made of material other than paper—some have no pages at all. Over the past three decades, the Walker has amassed a significant collection of books by artists, now numbering some 2,000 objects. Many of these are housed in the Walker’s library, where they have long been an insider favorite. Staff and visitors cannot help but be drawn in by librarian Rosemary Furtak’s enthusiasm for the eclectic collection, which has been steadily growing under her watch since the early 1980s. The library, says Furtak, “tries to have books by all artists represented in our permanent collection who have made books.” Examples include books by the Surrealists and Futurists, elegant tomes conceived by artists such as Robert Motherwell and Ellsworth Kelly, conceptual projects by Lawrence Weiner, humorously subversive books by Karen Finley, Mike Kelley, and Paul McCarthy, and rare illustrated editions such as Salvador Dali’s take on Alice in Wonderland. Usually accessible to the public only by appointment, these items are now brought together in a major exhibition.
Co-organized by Furtak and Walker curator Siri Engberg, the show highlights this important trove of material, which is supplemented with pieces from the museum’s collection. “Books have historically been an important arena for artists,” Engberg says. “In addition to conceiving works as books, many artists today are also engaged with a more abstract notion of ‘book,’ and where that idea can lead them in making a work of art.”
The first half of the 20th century saw many artists responding to texts through illustration, creating deluxe, often lavish publications printed in limited editions, but by mid-century the book was beginning to be seen by artists as a more democratic way to present visual information. The rush of underground political publishing and the rise in widely distributed leaflets, posters, and magazines at the time set the stage for an unprecedented exploration among artists into the book as an art form. The 1960s also saw burgeoning printmaking activity as more workshops designed to collaborate with artists began to be established, and more artists began to use printmaking techniques such as lithography and etching and newer commercial printing techniques such as offset and screenprinting in the service of making books.
In the early 1960s, California artist Edward Ruscha was a pioneer among artists of his generation for exploring the book form. Every Building on the Sunset Strip, one of his most well-known publications, unfolds accordion-style to reveal 26 feet of deadpan black-and-white photographs documenting this storied Los Angeles boulevard. Conceptual artist Lawrence Weiner’s books were “built” with carefully constructed pages of typography—language is the artist’s material, and his books, notes Furtak, “put his art directly into the hands of his public.” Andy Warhol created his 1967 Index Book to resemble a mass-produced children’s pop-up book. “Many books from this period weren’t about high-quality images or production—they were concerned with disseminating an idea,” Engberg says. “This was a turning point for what artists could do in this medium.”
Engberg and Furtak have sought out examples in the Walker’s collections that not only illustrate texts, but also play with the concept of narrative, and the visual and physical experience of opening a cover and turning pages. They have also included many works, as Furtak has noted, that “refuse to behave like a book,” such as Maxims by the Yard, a book by Angela Lorenz printed on a spool of ribbon, or Red Book, a work by Chinese artist Xu Bing composed of a row of cigarettes printed with text and housed in a box that resembles Chairman Mao’s so-called Little Red Book. Some of these works, Furtak says, are “books that refuse to open, books that wear trousers... books that when opened become sculpture... books devoid of text.” Other artists use a recognizable format on which to transpose their work, as in Robert Gober’s illustrated rendition of Joyce Carol Oates’ chilling short story “Heat,” bound in a pair of locked volumes that resemble twin diaries; or David Hammons’ 2002 edition in which copies of a catalogue of Marcel Duchamp’s complete works are concealed within leather covers emblazoned with the title Holy Bible: Old Testament.
A number of artists in the exhibition have explored the idea of using books as a material for art-making. Milan Knizak’s 1972 work Killed Book/Shot is riddled with bullet holes. Cuban artist Kcho has fashioned a dinghy from the schoolbooks he used as a young man. John Latham’s 1961 piece Painting is an Open Book is a collection of torn, burnt books given new life as they are as
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Food safety has been receiving significant worldwide attention due to the increasing number of foodborne illnesses occurring every year. In fact, the World Health Organization (WHO) recently reported that 550 million people (7.9 percent of the world population) suffer
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Food safety has been receiving significant worldwide attention due to the increasing number of foodborne illnesses occurring every year. In fact, the World Health Organization (WHO) recently reported that 550 million people (7.9 percent of the world population) suffer from foodborne diseases every year, a staggering 230,000 of which are fatal.
The sad reality is that foodborne diseases affect vulnerable populations harder than other groups. According to WHO, infections caused by contaminated food have a much higher impact on those with poor or fragile health status and can easily lead to serious illness and death. For infants, pregnant women, the sick and the elderly, the consequences of foodborne diseases are usually more severe and may be deadly.
Diarrheal diseases alone kill an estimated 1.5 million children annually— most of whom are from very poor countries. These children, more often than not, are only provided two choices: to consume contaminated food or drinking water, or die from starvation.
This is precisely the scenario in the Lower Mekong Region (LMR), where the consequences of unsafe food are disastrous. While developed countries can afford to impose stricter food safety regulations and provide better access to health care facilities, developing nations—such as the LMR countries of Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Vietnam (CLMV)—are constrained by the lack of food supply, scarcity of supporting infrastructure, and the absence of effective food safety policies.
The food safety challenge in CLMV has become even more complex in the context of the emerging ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). The AEC supports easier and faster trade of goods among ASEAN countries, encouraging globalization in trade, thereby making the food chain longer and complicating foodborne disease investigation and product recall in case of outbreaks. The dilemma, therefore, is how to make trading between countries more efficient and less rigid, while at the same time imposing strict quality controls.
Shifting the Spotlight to Food Safety
At first glance it would seem that food safety is a major concern solely for scientists and medical practitioners, but going deeper into the issue shows that food safety is in fact a multi-sectoral concern. Food contamination can cause adverse effects beyond direct public health consequences—it undermines the exports of goods, tourism, the livelihoods of food handlers, and economic development in general, especially in developing countries.
The world has become increasingly aware of the consequences of unsafe food, but at the same time the need to ensure food safety is not as pressing as before. The attention of many health experts, food researchers, and even development agencies has begun shifting from solely promoting food security (i.e., ensuring that everyone has enough food to eat) to improving food safety (i.e., ensuring that food does not cause any harm to its consumers).
Mekong Institute (MI), an intergovernmental organization mandated to provide integrated human resource development initiatives in the Greater Sub-region and the New Zealand Aid Programme (NZAP), a funding agency offering support to developing countries, are among the many organizations that aim to spotlight the issue of food safety in CLMV.
Food Safety Project in CLMV
Food safety and post-harvest training courses were delivered by MI from 2012 to 2015 under the auspices of NZAP. The food safety courses were based around Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) and targeted mid-level CLMV government offcials and private sector participants.
However, lessons from agricultural projects and studies in CLMV have shown that GAP systems have not proven to be effective in food value chains and do not contribute to improve food safety. Consumers lack confidence in GAP certification, while farmers have not implemented GAP systems due to their complexity and compliance requirements. A major weakness in the GAP-led approach is that there have been no other significant complementary safe food measures along the value chain in the CLMV countries to date.
To address this gap, MI and NZAP jointly implemented the Food Safety Project (FSP), an 18-month initiative which aims to train government officials in CLMV on the essentials of food safety and regulatory standards throughout various value chains, with particular emphasis on fresh produce.
Ms. Maria Theresa S. Medialdia, Director of the Agricultural Development and Commercialization (ADC) Department and Project Leader of the FSP, has been directing the project team to align its proposed activities with the overall goal of the project. “Within the project, important aspects that need to be considered include the connection of CLMV regulations to select agri-food value chains to capture higher value market opportunities, the engagement of private sector to strengthen market access, and the role of CLMV officials in applying and sharing knowledge and skills in market-focused food safety regulation development and implementation.”
While regional in scope, the project also acknowledges the country-specific concerns of each CLMV country. As such, outreach activities will be initiated under the FSP, allowing more freedom for the project to explore ways to work with each country in a more localized manner.
“The rationale of the outreach activity is to enable the project to address concerns that are, say, only happening in Cambodia. While the trai
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Grades K - 2
Mother crocodiles have a special pouch in their lower jaw which
allows them to carry eggs and hatchlings without harm. The powerful jaws
of the crocodile allow it to bring down a wildebe
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Grades K - 2
Mother crocodiles have a special pouch in their lower jaw which
allows them to carry eggs and hatchlings without harm. The powerful jaws
of the crocodile allow it to bring down a wildebeest or gently crack open
The jaws of a crocodile resemble many modern day tools. Students will explore
and discover the delicate pressure that must be exerted to keep an egg intact.
A
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Stonehenge, the prehistoric stone circle monument located on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, England, has fascinated historians and archaeologists for centuries. They believe it was constructed over 1,500 years during the Neolithic era, between
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Stonehenge, the prehistoric stone circle monument located on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, England, has fascinated historians and archaeologists for centuries. They believe it was constructed over 1,500 years during the Neolithic era, between 2500 and 3000 B.C., and though evidence suggests it was once used as a burial ground, scholars are still uncertain as to its larger purpose and significance. Now, researchers conducting an archaeological dig in the Wiltshire town of Amesbury, the nearest population center to Stonehenge, have uncovered startling new evidence indicating that people had already been living in the area for millennia by the time the monument was built.
Among the artifacts that researchers have unearthed at the Blick Mead archaeological site in Amesbury are the discarded bones of several large animals and numerous burned flints. Using carbon dating techniques, the scientists have been able to confirm that the new finds date to some 10,000 years ago, around 8820 B.C., when they believe that large feasts took place at the site. While Stonehenge, also located in the Amesbury parish of Wiltshire, wasn’t constructed until sometime between 2500 and 3000 B.C., the new evidence indicates that the region’s earliest human residents began settling there thousands of years earlier.
Though many of the bones found at the Blick Mead site belonged to large animals such as aurochs (giant cattle twice the size of modern-day bulls) and red deer, the site has also yielded a number of smaller animal bones. Late last year, researchers discovered evidence that prehistoric Britons living in the region consumed frog’s legs thousands of years before they became a French delicacy.
As the closest settlement to Stonehenge, Amesbury attracts some 1 million visitors a year. Previously, the town of Thatcham in Berkshire, located some 40 miles to the east, held the distinction of being Britain’s oldest continuously settled area, but evidence of human settlement there only dates back to 7700 B.C. According to the findings of the Blick Mead project, Amesbury has now supplanted Thatcham as the starting point of British history during the Neolithic era. Last week, the Guinness Book of World Records officially recognized the town’s new distinction.
According to David Jacques, a research fellow in archaeology at the University of Buckingham who led the dig, the River Avon, which runs through the area, would have functioned like a main road for people living or traveling nearby. Another reason people may have been attracted to the area for settlement was the distinctive bright pink coloring of the flint, which is unique to that region of Britain. The color is produced by a type of algae called Hildenbrandia rivularis, which grows due to a combination of sunlight and the unusually warm spring water (between 50 and 57 degrees Fahrenheit) found in the region.
Researchers hope the new discoveries at Amesbury may go some way towards answering the age-old question of why Stonehenge was built where it was.
As Jacques told BBC News, “The site blows the lid off the Neolithic revolution in a number of ways. It provides evidence for people staying put, clearing land, building, and presumably worshiping, monuments. The area was clearly a hub point for people to come to from many miles away, and in many ways was a forerunner for what later went on at Stonehenge itself.”
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This course aimed at students with beginner to intermediate skill in F#, basic understanding of the F# syntax and a light functional understanding would be beneficial. You'll also need a computer with Linux, OSX or Windows with F# installed and an internet connection
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This course aimed at students with beginner to intermediate skill in F#, basic understanding of the F# syntax and a light functional understanding would be beneficial. You'll also need a computer with Linux, OSX or Windows with F# installed and an internet connection.
Have you wanted to understand how to 'do' machine learning or implement algorithms from a textbook in a programming language, or deploy a library to Nuget? Well, this course includes sections on machine learning using a mathematical theorem known as Bayes' Theorem.
What will we do?
We will complete two F# project together,
What is f#?
F# is a mature, functional-first language especially well suited to computer science, machine learning, distributed computing and web applications too. There really is no limit to what F# can do for you!
We’ve structured the course to make learning all the material as easy and accessible as possible. We’ll challenge you to complete an F# programming task in every video to make sure you’ve got a great grip on all the concepts. But don’t worry, because after every challenge, we’ll also walk you through a solution line by line.
We have structured the course to introduce you to some computer science concepts, but to also encourage you to spend your own time to gain further insights into the concepts we introduce you to.
If you want to pr
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NOTES ON THE ROCK ART OF
CALIFORNIA'S CHANNEL ISLANDS
September 10, 2001
It is unfortunate that very little published information is available on the rock art of the Southern California Channel Islands, whose inhabitants
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NOTES ON THE ROCK ART OF
CALIFORNIA'S CHANNEL ISLANDS
September 10, 2001
It is unfortunate that very little published information is available on the rock art of the Southern California Channel Islands, whose inhabitants were related (in varying degrees) to mainland peoples, some of whom were known to have created beautiful and elaborate rock art (specifically the mainland Chumash). Some of the information that is available is listed in Rock Art of the Chumash Area, by Georgia Lee and C. William Clewlow, Jr. (1979), but several other references also exist. The author of this paper thought it prudent to consolidate the currently known information and make it available to other researchers. It is presented with the hope that it will form a basis for, and/or contribute to, any additional research by anyone studying the rock art of the Channel Islands, etc.
The best overall information on the rock art of the northern group of islands can be found in Orr (1968:103-104). I have found no inclusive comments about the rock art of the southern island group. However, Richard Quist's article on Torqua Cave (CA-SCAI-32), on Santa Catalina Island, remains the best article about a particular rock art site on any of the Channel Islands, north or south. Santa Catalina seems to be the island that has the most extant rock art (i.e., both pictographs and cupules). Several researchers have described "The Cave of the Killer Whales," on San Nicolas Island, the only island with petroglyphs. Minor pictographs appear on Santa Cruz (which also has some cupules) and Santa Rosa Islands. Pit and Groove cupules are apparently present only on Santa Rosa Island. Rock art is apparently absent from San Miguel, Anacapa, Santa Barbara and San Clemente Islands. I hope that other researchers find the following information useful.
ROCK ART ON THE NORTHERN CHANNEL ISLANDS
This island (or islands) is very small and rises very steeply from the sea. There is nowhere on the island that is suitable for the creation of rock art of any kind.
San Miguel Island
Rock art is apparently absent on this small low island.
Santa Cruz Island
Julian Steward provides information on rock art on Santa Cruz Island as follows:129Pc. Santa Cruz Island, Santa Barbara County. Mr. Ronald Olsen, University of California, has kindly furnished us the following information concerning the pictographs on the island: "No petroglyphs were observed on the island. Pictographs were noted at only one place. In a cave on the north shore were perhaps 50 such, painted in red ochre on the walls and roof. None of these were elaborate. Common forms are stripes arranged in groups of two to ten, and irregular smears of red on smooth portions of the rock. A few simple crosses and rake figures also occur. An ash deposit of two to six feet in depth forms the floor of the cave, showing a considerable period of occupation. In this deposit were found mortars, pestles, asphalted pebbles, and asphalt blocks all resembling comparable objects in normal Chumash shell heaps. Many of the pictographs have been partially obscured by blackening from fires built beneath." [Steward 1029:109].Rogers notes the presence of "cupule sites (pp. 41, 43, 114-115); cup markings in association with ceremonial areas (p. 386); and one pictograph cave (p. 305)" (Lee and Clewlow 1979:17). Finley (1951) refers to the site as "the Orizaba Pictograph (Olsen's) Cave," and states that the pictographs are rectilinear and are present on one wall and on the ceiling of the cave. Phil Orr stated that there are petroglyphs present at Olsen's Cave (1968:103), but he was using "petroglyph" in the old sense of referring to any rock art, and not specifically as regarded painted rock art. Grant (1965:75-76) shows the general location of this site, and says: "On the islands there are two sites" (i.e., pictograph sites; one on Santa Cruz and one on Santa Rosa; Grant's comments refer to the northern group of islands only).
Santa Rosa Island
Orr (1968:103-104) states that there are (or were) petroglyphs at "Jones Cave on Santa Rosa Island," and that these "consist of a few round dots and some vertical scratches or grooves... in no apparent design, although the round dots do occur in a more or less straight line or in groups and one set of grooves has a slight resemblance to a malformed four-tined fork. It is my opinion that rather than being art work or ceremonial symbols, they are merely abrasion grooves for grinding shell or bone." Here Orr seems to be describing "Pit and Groove" cupules. Orr also states that faint red and black pigment was reported by Grant (1965) "at the headwaters of Rancho Viejo Creek on Santa Rosa" (1968:103). Grant shows the general location of this pictograph site on page 75.
ROCK ART ON THE SOUTHERN CHANNEL ISLANDS
San Clemente Island
No references to rock art on this island were encountered during research.
San Nicolas Island
The "Cave of the Killer Whales" was first described by Orr (1951), who stated that "at least nine killer whales have been carved into the sandstone... Three are in a conventional or horizontal position and the others are vertical, with heads up." Orr also noted the presence of "stone pipes and effigies found in the form of killer w
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The most common causes for the loss of a toenail include injury and infection, explains Foot Vitals. Dermatophytes, a contagious fungal infection, feeds upon keratin in nails.Continue Reading
Activities such as skating, running, skiing
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The most common causes for the loss of a toenail include injury and infection, explains Foot Vitals. Dermatophytes, a contagious fungal infection, feeds upon keratin in nails.Continue Reading
Activities such as skating, running, skiing and playing soccer sometimes cause injuries that result in the loss of a toenail, according to Foot Vitals. Vigorous activity and pressure on shoe gear can result in blistering under the nail that causes the nail plate to separate.
Symptoms of a toenail that breaks or falls off due to injury include a collection of blood under the nail, discoloration and bleeding, explains Foot Vitals. An infection of the nail causes yellow, green or brown discoloration, pain, swelling and thickening of the nail.Learn more about Pain & Symptoms
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Review of the effectiveness of educational tools for teaching Telehealth care
In this project researchers from the health and education disciplines sought to address the lack of a pedagogical and professional development model for teaching Telehealth to healthcare workers.
Dr Arindam
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Review of the effectiveness of educational tools for teaching Telehealth care
In this project researchers from the health and education disciplines sought to address the lack of a pedagogical and professional development model for teaching Telehealth to healthcare workers.
Dr Arindam Basu
Telehealth is broadly defined as the delivery of health-related services at a distance. Recent advancements in Telehealth applications are challenging the assumption that physical presence is necessary in some healthcare circumstances. Telehealth applications are rapidly expanding and are already widely deployed in New Zealand. An early review identified that between 2000-2003, the number of telemedicine projects across New Zealand nearly doubled from 12 in 2000 to 22 in 2003 (Kerr & Norris, 2004). These developments have given rise to a need to prepare health professionals for the delivery of Telehealth care.
While well established models of face-to-face and hands-on learning exist for healthcare professionals, their applicability in professional preparation for using Telehealth is unclear. In this project researchers from the health and education disciplines sought to address the lack of a pedagogical and professional development model for healthcare workers related to Telehealth applications.
A systematic review of research related to teaching Telehealth care was undertaken. The purpose of this was to identify studies that describe the design and conduct of programmes teaching Telehealth to health care professionals and provide an evaluation of the programme, to identify whether the teaching programme was successful in achieving the teaching or learning objectives. Based on the review of literature, the key components of possible ’best practices guidelines’ were developed to support teaching Telehealth to current and future health care professionals.
Literature on the existing teaching practices of Telehealth aimed at health care practitioners was reviewed using a standard approach of framed research questions, identification of relevant studies based on specific conditions of inclusion and exclusion, appraisal of the literature, and summarization of results.
The research questions considered in the review were:
- What specific teaching programmes are reported in peer reviewed literature aimed at physicians, nurses, and other healthcare workers or professionals to teach or learn Telehealth?
- Where available, what is the relative effectiveness of one training method over another?
The inclusion criteria for the review were:
- English language peer-reviewed articles published in the period between 1999-2009,
- description of training programmes aimed at teaching Telehealth to health care professionals in practice,
- a process of evaluation of the training programme. All other studies, including those for which full text abstracts were not available, were excluded from this review.
Studies that met the criteria were critically appraised and coded according to a modified version of the PICO (Participants, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcomes) framework, which is commonly used in evidence based appraisal of health care literature (Richardson, Wilson, & Nishikawa, 1995).
Qualitative interpretive data analysis and synthesis techniques facilitated by the use of NVIVO were used to identify common themes occurring in the literature that would be useful in guiding Telehealthcare education.
Ten studies met the inclusion criteria and are reported in this review; no study from New Zealand was identified. The studies available in the published literature were predominantly case studies of specific courses or programmes, some of which included course evaluations from participants or stakeholders.
Qualitative review of the content of the studies revealed four themes that are important for designing any Telehealth educational initiative:
Role of context
The availability of resources and the professional or occupational context within which Telehealth is to be practiced are significant factors. The problems of geographical distance, population sparseness, poor communication infrastructure, and connectivity issues that often drive the implementation of Telehealth projects may also make teaching and learning Telehealth difficult (Amarsaikhan, Lkhagvasuren, Oyun, &
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A small woman in convent browns entered and curtseyed.
Copper, too, by patina-producing treatment, is made to show not merely a rich golden sheen with pleasing limpidity, but also red of various hues, from
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A small woman in convent browns entered and curtseyed.
Copper, too, by patina-producing treatment, is made to show not merely a rich golden sheen with pleasing limpidity, but also red of various hues, from deep coral to light vermilion, several shades of grey, and browns of numerous tones from dead-leaf to chocolate.
As illustrative of this, it may be explained that any brown tone of fur such as sable, marten, mink, black marten, beaver, nutria, &c., will go well upon black or very dark-brown furs, while those of a white or grey nature, such as ermine, white lamb, chinchilla, blue fox, silver fox, opossum, grey squirrel, grey lamb, will set well upon seal or black furs, as Persian lamb, broadtail, astrachan, caracul lamb, &c. White is also permissible upon some light browns and greys, but brown motley colours and greys should never be in contrast.
With regard to the natural colours of furs, the browns that command the highest prices are those that are of a bluish rather than a reddish tendency.
The dark browns or black browns, such as the Sweetmeat tribe, are not so common as the bays, and black or grey horses are
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Math is a basic skill in life and its applications are strewn all over the walks of life. Doing Math with seriousness is an important aspect of successful education and it needs planning right from one’s childhood. Below are the top 5 reasons why
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Math is a basic skill in life and its applications are strewn all over the walks of life. Doing Math with seriousness is an important aspect of successful education and it needs planning right from one’s childhood. Below are the top 5 reasons why you need to teach Math to your kids.
1. Gathering problem solving skills – The “Problems” are the lifeline of Math. When students solve Math problems in its various branches, they gather abilities to organize information, rearrange the information and test hypotheses.
2. Learning to live smarter – There are various occasions in life where one has to use his mathematical abilities. Calculating the tip in a restaurant, checking the warranty of a product, smart driving without wasting time and fuel, buying grocery in a shop and business deals are occasions where one uses his mathematical knowledge to make proper decisions.
3. Gate keeper subject for other academic subjects – Math is the gateway for Science subjects like Physics and Engineering. Without Math abilities, accomplishment in higher studies is out of the question.
4. Wide scope for different careers- Right from computer programmers to tradesmen and doctors, people need mathematical knowledge in their respective fields. A fundamental knowledge in Math paves way for successful career prospects.
5. Proving smarter in work places – Math deals with analytical capabilities, structure and organizational skills. Any employer expects his employee to face challenging situations in the workplace with an analytical brain and give a solution to the situation. Math skills shape a person’s analytical abilities to a great extent.
Info Trivia Resource: http://mathnasium.ae
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- 1. The ratio of the circumference of a circle to the diameter of the circle.
Often written as the (lower case) Greek letter π.
PI is an irrational number, meaning that if it were written out in full it would never
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- 1. The ratio of the circumference of a circle to the diameter of the circle.
Often written as the (lower case) Greek letter π.
PI is an irrational number, meaning that if it were written out in full it would never end. For most purposes the value 3.14159265 suffices. The value 22/7 provides a very rough approximation, which is correct to two decimal places only.
For more information see:
- http://newton.ex.ac.uk/research/qsystems/collabs/pi/ - PI to more decimal places than you will (probably) ever need - provides values of PI to 1000, 10,000, 100,000 and 1,000,000 decimal places.
- www.joyofpi.com/pilinks.html - Links to PI pages.
- http://pi.ytmnd.com - The value of PI set to music, requires sound on to appreciate it.
- 2. Primary In.
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With scientists forecasting sea levels to rise by anywhere from several inches to several feet by 2100, historic structures and coastal heritage sites around the world are under threat. Some sites and artifacts could become submerged.
Scientists, historic preservationists, architects and
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With scientists forecasting sea levels to rise by anywhere from several inches to several feet by 2100, historic structures and coastal heritage sites around the world are under threat. Some sites and artifacts could become submerged.
Scientists, historic preservationists, architects and public officials are meeting this week in Newport, Rhode Island -- one of the threatened areas -- to discuss the problem, how to adapt to rising seas and preserve historic structures.
"Any coastal town that has significant historic properties is going to be facing the challenge of protecting those properties from increased water and storm activity," said Margot Nishimura, of the Newport Restoration Foundation, the nonprofit group hosting the conference.
Federal authorities have encourage
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What is anxiety?
To feel some level of anxiety at times throughout life is normal. However, for some people, feelings of anxiety are more frequent, and affect their daily lives. If you find yourself frequently plagued by anxious, low moods you
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What is anxiety?
To feel some level of anxiety at times throughout life is normal. However, for some people, feelings of anxiety are more frequent, and affect their daily lives. If you find yourself frequently plagued by anxious, low moods you may be suffering from anxiety, depression, or perhaps a combination of the two. Anxiety may cause feelings of irritability, dizziness, nervousness and tension. Anxiety can also cause women to miss periods. Anxiety affects one in 20 people, and is more common in women than men. It becomes a matter of real concern if feelings of high anxiety are frequent or severe.
Characteristic of most of these symptoms is an overproduction of adrenalin. Those with generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) may feel constantly restless, have difficulty concentrating, suffer from a sense of dread, and be impatient. Heart palpitations, shaking and sweating are common physical symptoms when someone is apprehensive of oncoming anxiety. This unfortunately promotes further production of adrenalin, thus creating a vicious cycle. Anxiety can therefore become a long-term issue which vastly impacts on the sufferer’s lifestyle and relationships.
People with anxiety may withdraw from social and work situations, their anxiety working hard to convince them that they are incapable and inadequate. Relationships can become difficult to maintain as partners feel pushed out by what they perceive as the anxious person's rejection and often their chronic lack of self-confidence. There is a cyclical nature to most anxiety disorders and therefore in many ways it feeds on fear and self-d
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Keywords: constellations, gospel in the stars
The sky is divided up into many groupings of stars that we call constellations. Astronomers today recognize 88 constellations, and those 88 constellations encompass the
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Keywords: constellations, gospel in the stars
The sky is divided up into many groupings of stars that we call constellations. Astronomers today recognize 88 constellations, and those 88 constellations encompass the entire celestial sphere. About 40 of the constellations are relatively modern, dating back 500 years or less. The modern system was codified by the International Astronomical Union in 1922. In addition, many stars have been given proper names. We do not know who divided up the sky and named the stars and star groups or why they did, but there are many theories concerning the origin of these things.
One theory is that they represent the vestiges of a primal gospel presented to early man before God’s written revelation. We call this view “the gospel in the stars.” According to this theory, God presented the full story of His plan of salvation to Adam, and either Adam or his descendants through Seth’s godly line preserved that knowledge. Either God ordained patterns in the sky to teach the lesson, or early men crafted the gospel in the stars to preserve the message. With the coming of the written Word of God, the gospel message in the stars was no longer needed and hence faded from use. Additionally, the passage of time allowed ungodly men to pervert the original gospel in the stars, mingling it with much pagan mythology and ultimately turning it into the religion of astrology. Or so says the gospel in the stars theory.
Supposedly, this long-hidden truth was rediscovered in the mid-19th century by the English woman Frances Rolleston, who published her work in the book, Mazzaroth: Or, the Constellations (Rolleston 1865). The posthumous publication of her book soon influenced others. An early example of her influence is seen in James Gall’s Primeval Man Unveiled: or, the Anthropology of the Bible (Gall 1871), which includes a chapter on “Antediluvian Theology,” fully crediting Rolleston as his source. Better known and more complete treatments with embellishment are the books of the American pastor, Joseph A. Seiss (The Gospel in the Stars 1882), and the English theologian, E. W. Bullinger (The Witness in the Stars 1893). To understand Rolleston’s key role in developing the gospel in the star thesis, consider this from the preface of Bullinger’s book:
Some years ago it was my privilege to enjoy the acquaintance of Miss Frances Rolleston, of Keswick, and to carry on a correspondence with her with respect to her work, Mazzaroth or, the Constellations. She was the first to create an interest in this important subject. Since then Dr. Joseph A. Seiss, of Philadelphia, has endeavored to popularize her work on the other side of the Atlantic; and brief references have been made to the subject in such books as Moses and Geology, by Dr. Kinns, and in Primeval Man; but it was felt, for many reasons, that it was desirable to make another effort to set forth, in a more complete form, the witness of the stars to prophetic truth, so necessary in these last days.
To the late Miss Rolleston, however, belongs the honor of collecting a mass of information bearing on this subject; but, published as it was, chiefly in the form of notes, unarranged and unindexed, it was suited only for, but was most valuable to, the student. It was she who performed the drudgery of collecting the facts presented by Albumazer, the Arab astronomer to the Caliphs of Grenada, AD 850; and the Tables drawn up by Ulugh Beigh, the Tartar prince and astronomer, about AD 1450, who gives the Arabian astronomy as it had come down from the earliest times (Bullinger 1893, pp. iii–iv).
Seiss expressed himself similarly:
A more valuable aid to the study of the subject as treated in this volume is Frances Rolleston’s Mazzaroth: Or, the Constellations—a book from an authoress of great linguistic and general literary attainments, whom Providence rarely favored for the collection of important facts and materials, particularly as respects the ancient stellar nomenclature. … And from her tables and references the writer of these Lectures was helped to some of his best information, without which this book could hardly have become what it is (Seiss 1882, p. 6).
These two later books by Seiss and Bullinger, but particularly Bullinger’s, greatly influenced later writers on the subject. A recent example is the influential pastor Dr. D. James Kennedy at Coral Ridge Presbyterian Church in his book, The Real Meaning of the Zodiac (Kennedy 1989).
In an earlier paper (Faulkner 1998), I examined some of the factual and biblical issues involved in this theory, and found that the theory has
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Minimum age for marriage for a girl is: (LQ)
(The minimum age for marriage for Girls is 18 years and for Boys is 21 years (child marriage restraint Act, 1978).
Importance of various ages:-
a
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Minimum age for marriage for a girl is: (LQ)
(The minimum age for marriage for Girls is 18 years and for Boys is 21 years (child marriage restraint Act, 1978).
Importance of various ages:-
a. 10 yrs- Kidnapping. 14 yrs- Employment (cannot work).
b. 15 yrs- rape with own wife.
c. 16 yrs- rape with any woman (Sec. 375 IPC).
d. 18 yrs- attains majority, Juvenile (<18 yrs, Juvenile Justice Act, 1986), Prostitution (Sec. 366A).
e. 21 yrs- majority if under guardianship of court, prostitution by females imported into India.)
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Essay, Research Paper
In Sigmund Freud?s The Future of an Illusion, Freud suggests that humanity is driven by instinctual wishes that they suppress, such as incest, cannibalism, and a lust for killing. What keeps humanity
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Essay, Research Paper
In Sigmund Freud?s The Future of an Illusion, Freud suggests that humanity is driven by instinctual wishes that they suppress, such as incest, cannibalism, and a lust for killing. What keeps humanity from acting upon these wishes, and resulting in the break down of civilization, are the moral laws of that civilization. In European/Western civilization these moral laws are based on religion, specifically Christianity and Judaism. Religion creates a moral system by which those that do evil are eternally punished, and those that do good, rewarded, thus keeping society in line. In addition to preventing humankind from acting on its instinctual wishes, Freud states that religion also helps humanity?exorcize the terrors of nature? and?reconcile men to the cruelty of fate? (Freud 22). Freud argues that since humanity sought to have these three wants, (need for the control of society, protection from nature, and compensation for suffering) satisfied, it created God and religion. Because of this fact, Freud says that religion is an illusion; a fulfillment of our oldest, strongest, and most urgent desires (Freud 39). Although Freud recognizes that European/Western civilization rests on religion, he argues that humankind would be much better off if it were to give up religion. He says that religion represses the ignorant masses and prevents truly free scientific thinking. Freud argues that society should cast religion aside and replace with an ideology value system based on knowledge science, and reason. At this point, however, Freud?s argument falls apart. Religion plays a highly valuable role in our society and it is impossible to replace or remove it.
Freud?s reason for believing that religion should be cast away rests in psychoanalytic thought. He argues that religion is a universal neurosis, arising out of the Oedipus complex of childhood. Freud believes that humanity created God in the image of its own father. He comes to this conclusion by looking at the many aspects of our relationship with God. In Christianity and Judaism, we are God?s?children?, God is our?protector? and our?provider?, and God tells us what is good and bad and rewards/punishes us for obeying/not obeying his word. Freud says that these are all things that are attributed our father, and in our neurosis, have manifested themselves into characteristics of God. Freud believes that the need for religion is simply a stage in humankind?s growth, just as the Oedipus Complex is a stage in the growth of a child. He believes that the next step, the step that will allow humankind to reach its true potential, is when we cast religion away and replace it with a society where science, knowledge, and reason reign supreme
While one can see the logic in this way of thinking, it is hard to believe that a society such as this will be capable of providing all of humanity?s needs. Knowledge and science may flow more freely in such a society, but they alone will never be able to eradicate all human suffering, and without religion, where will the humanity go for solace? Just as Freud says, religion provides people with an explanation of fate, and if humanity looses this explanation, they loose something that fulfils one of its key needs. Without religion, humanity will be left to cope with the harsh realities of the world by itself, and no matter how advanced science and knowledge become, they will never be able to console a human the way that a close relationship with God is able to.
Religion also provides a moral code that humanity is obligated to follow. This divine code, which is the basis of European/Western law, is unquestionable because it has come from God. However, if you remove this base, as Freud suggests, the strength of the law is weakened. Freud argues that society will follow this new code simply for the good of humanity (Freud 52), but this is not so. Humanity is flawed. It cannot be trusted to rule itself justly and impartially. It needs to be compelled to do good by something greater than imperfect human law. It needs divine religious law, simply because it is unquestionable. Religion ensures that all will eventually be punished for their failures to obey, if not in life, then in death. This is something that any ideology or value system, besides a religious one, cannot guarantee.
A good example of how chaotic and lawless a system can become when you attempt to remove religion from society is that of the French Revolution. During the French Revolution, specifically the?Reign of Terror?, a government that was ruthless and void of morals controlled French society. A?Committee of Public Safety? of 12 men, dominated by extremist Maximilien Robespierre, was established. This committee, in order to rule,?exercised virtual dictatorial control over French government? (Britannica?Terror, Reign of?). The new government was run upon a philosophy of reason, and many of its members supported the?anti-Christian campaign of autumn of 1793, which sought to destroy Roman Catholic institutions in France? (Britannica?H?bert, Jacques-Ren?). The government attempted to establish a rule of law that was based
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Today is the 68th Anniversary of the massive and critical Operation Neptune, the Invasion of Normandy by American, British, Canadian, and French forces. As I have been preparing Fields of War – a Second World War battlefield travel guide, my
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Today is the 68th Anniversary of the massive and critical Operation Neptune, the Invasion of Normandy by American, British, Canadian, and French forces. As I have been preparing Fields of War – a Second World War battlefield travel guide, my thoughts have been focused on Lower Normandy, its terrain, cities, and highways – and its men.
The similarities with the Norman Invasion by the English Army of King Edward III 598 years earlier are striking. Much like Generalfeldmarschall Gerd von Rundstedt, the French believed that the invasion was aimed at Calais and they had their fleet patrolling off the Pas-de-Calais coast. Edward III landed his army along the coast of the Cotentin Peninsula only 21 km north of Utah beach. Just like German 6th Fallschirmjäger Regiment commander, Major Friedrich von der Heydte, the French commander of Carentan, Robert Bertrand, burned the four bridges north of the city to delay the English advance as reinforcements moved north. Just like US 29th Infantry Division’s commander, Major General Charles Gerhard, Edward III attacked St-Lô from its vulnerable eastern side. And, just as in 1944, the key to Normandy was the capture of Caen.
It was with these events in mind that a new Virtual Battlefield Tour was created which follows Edward III and his army from their landing at St-Vaast-la-Hougue to their seizing of the city of Caen. It can be found on my blog at Invasion of Normandy 12 July 1346
On 12 July 1346 an English fleet of one thousand ships appeared on the coast of Normandy. The fleet carried thirty thousand men, horses, fodder, equipment and all of the associated materiel necessary for a full invasion of France. It was personally led by Edward III, king of England; his objective was to land at the harbor of St-Vaast-la-Hougue, capture Caen, and advance his claim to the throne of France. Edward was not seeking a direct
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This year, European leaders marked 60 years since the Treaty of Rome, one of the foundations of the European Union (EU), by both acknowledging the EU’s achievements and admitting the many challenges it faces.
Throughout its existence, the Union has weather
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This year, European leaders marked 60 years since the Treaty of Rome, one of the foundations of the European Union (EU), by both acknowledging the EU’s achievements and admitting the many challenges it faces.
Throughout its existence, the Union has weathered crises, but the current culmination of challenges, which has at times led to predictions of regional disintegration, has never been seen before. How will recent events shape the future of the EU?
Facing high unemployment, especially youth unemployment, in many of its member states, large amounts of public debt, nationalist and populist parties gaining ground and continued refugee inflows, the EU’s leaders and citizens have to contend with a wide range of crises. Russia is increasingly seen as a direct threat, particularly in eastern Europe, and although economic growth is gradually returning, growth rates are still low. Italian and French markets are shaky and Greece is still close to default.
The leadership change in the US and President Trump’s positions on the EU, NATO, Russia and global trade have been unpredictable at best and damaging at worst, suggesting a revised transatlantic relationship in the future. President Trump’s preference for bilateralism may also have serious consequences for European unity. German Chancellor Angela Merkel has stated that Europe must take its fate into its own hands and cannot fully rely on the US – a position shared by France’s new President Macron. This is a substantial break with the past, especially the close German relationship with the US.
And then there is Brexit. The British referendum on EU membership illustrated deep elite and public scepticism about European integration and its benefits. But the UK has always had a unique relationship with the EU, one that can be described as distant, awkward and conditional. So although some other politicians in Europe had declared they would like to follow the UK’s lead, many member states have a different historical relationship with the EU. In the wake of the Brexit vote, support for the EU actually spiked in almost all 27 member states.
Yet there is little cause for complacency in Brussels and throughout Europe. The European Commission’s White Paper on the future of the EU, released in March, acknowledged that “many Europeans consider the Union as either too distant or too interfering in their day-to-day lives. Others question its added-value and ask how Europe improves their standard of living.”.
This is a remarkably frank assessment by the EU’s bureaucracy in Brussels. Although the White Paper cites promising poll numbers of 80 per cent citizen support for the EU’s four freedoms associated with the single market, and 70 per cent for the Euro in its area, citizen trust in the EU has decreased – approximately one-third of citizens trust the EU today, compared to approximately 50 per cent 10 years ago.
So has the EU lost direction? Is it experiencing a retreat to nationalism and self-interest? Beyond 2017 will the EU run the risk of collapsing or will it be able to regain the trust it has lost and find its sense of direction again?
The 60th anniversary of the EU coincides with a stream of national elections in Europe, most of which involve trends towards right-wing, populist, nationalist and anti-EU candidates and parties.
In the first round of French presidential elections, Le Pen’s National Front achieved the party’s best-ever result. As a Franco-German alliance has historically been at the centre of the EU, it was feared that a win for Le Pen might damage traditional conceptions of European integration – a prospect never before even anticipated.
Germany is holding parliamentary elections in September, and while there is little chance that the AfD (Alternative for Germany) will pose a major threat to the country’s leadership, it is expected to win some seats in the parliament for the first time and its position is gradually heading further right. The predicted landslide result for Theresa May in the general election on 8 June never eventuated in the UK. Following Matteo Renzi’s resignation in December 2016 after being defeated in a referendum proposing constitutional reforms, Italy must also hold elections before 2018, with two parties supporting anti-EU positions – the Five Star Movement and t
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How Dominica, Botswana and Suriname are working to capitalize on their natural resources without jeopardizing them...
Tourism might not be the ultimate answer to poverty and economic woes, but it is a major boon for places around the world that suffer
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How Dominica, Botswana and Suriname are working to capitalize on their natural resources without jeopardizing them...
Tourism might not be the ultimate answer to poverty and economic woes, but it is a major boon for places around the world that suffer from a lack of natural resources or industry. For instance, tourism is a hugely important industry in the Caribbean. Without flocks of resort-goers, nations in this part of the world would have to rely more heavily on agriculture, leaving their economies at the mercy of the fluctuating prices of commodities like coffee, sugar and bananas.
There are plenty of valid concerns about the environmental impact of hotel construction, excessive tourist traffic and cruise ships, but it isn't fair to leave the positive economic impact out of the mass-tourism discussion. Large resorts employ hundreds of local people, and local entrepreneurs, from taxi drivers to guides to souvenir shop owners, benefit from the tourism trade. cont./
Courtesy of: Mother Nature Network
100 years Palm Oil coin on 9 August
11 hours ago
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11 mar. 2011
(..)Girls outperform boys in reading in every country that participated in the 2009 PISA survey; and in OECD countries,
the average gender gap in reading proficiency represents about a year’s worth of schooling
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11 mar. 2011
(..)Girls outperform boys in reading in every country that participated in the 2009 PISA survey; and in OECD countries,
the average gender gap in reading proficiency represents about a year’s worth of schooling.
While boys score higher in mathematics in more than half of the participating countries and economies, in 25 countries there is no difference in mathematics performance between boys and girls, and in five countries, girls have slightly higher scores in mathematics. The gender gap is narrowest in science, where in most participating countries, there is no significant difference between girls’ and boys’ performance. Across the three subjects covered by PISA, reading, mathematics and science, and across all participating countries and economies, girls are as likely to be top performers as boys.
PISA 2009 EUSKADI. INFORME DE EVALUACIÓN
PISA 2009 EUSKADI. EBALUAZIOAREN TXOSTENA
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Men are from Mars and women from Venus – except when they are in love. During this intense period, men and women become more like each other than at any other time.
We already know that falling in love is a bit like going crazy.
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Men are from Mars and women from Venus – except when they are in love. During this intense period, men and women become more like each other than at any other time.
We already know that falling in love is a bit like going crazy. Donatella Marazziti of the University of Pisa in Italy showed in 1999 that levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin, which has a calming effect, dip below normal in those who say they are in love as well as in people with obsessive compulsive disorder. Both groups spend inordinate amounts of time obsessing about something or someone (New Scientist print edition, 31 July 1999).
Now Marazziti has looked at the hormonal changes that occur in people who are in love. Her team measured the blood levels of several key hormones in 12 men and 12 women who said they had fallen in love within the past six months. The researchers compared these hormone levels to those in 24 other volunteers who were either single or in stable long-term relationships.
The first finding was that both men and women in love have considerably higher levels of the stress hormone cortisol, indicating that courtship can be somewhat stressful. “But the most intriguing finding is related to testosterone,” says Marazziti.
Split the difference
Men who were in love had lower levels of the male sex hormone testosterone – linked to aggression and sex drive – than the other men. Love-struck women, in contrast, had higher levels of testosterone than their counterparts, the team will report in Psychoneuroendocrinology.
“Men, in some way, had become more like women, and women had become like men,” says Marazziti. “It’s as if nature wants to eliminate what can be different in men and women, because it’s more important to survive [and mate] at this stage.”
But is falling in love really responsible for these changes? Andreas Bartels of University College London points out that the hormonal changes could just be a result of increased sexual activity. “There’s a high degree of affection, but there’s also, without any doubt, extremely high sexual activity,” he says.
Marazziti thinks that this explanation is unlikely, however, because in her study those in the control group were having sex just as often as those in the “in love” group.
Love is blind
What is more, other studies suggest that testosterone levels in men rise as sexual activity increases (New Scientist, 27 November 1999). So if the hormonal changes were just the result of sex, testosterone levels would be expected to increase in men, rather than fall.
Converging levels of testosterone may not be the only thing that helps a man and woman overcome their differences. Other research has shown that falling in love really does make us blind to our partner’s faults.
Bartels’s team has found that when people look at their lovers, the neural circuits that are normally associated with critical social assessment of other people are suppressed (Neuroimage, vol 21, p 1155).
But the blissful state that is romantic love does not last. When Marazziti retested the same people one or two years later, when they said they were no longer madly in love, their hormone levels had returned to normal.
More on these topics:
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The Real Story of Pius XII and the Jews
by James Bogle
Reprinted with permission from The Salisbury Review, Spring 1996
Over the last year a number of commentators have sought to rehash old and ill-informed accusations
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The Real Story of Pius XII and the Jews
by James Bogle
Reprinted with permission from The Salisbury Review, Spring 1996
Over the last year a number of commentators have sought to rehash old and ill-informed accusations in an attempt to undermine the reputation of Pope Pius XII. His war-time effort to save Jewish lives has, amazingly, been the principal area of attack. The BBC program Reputations, repeated on 14th February 1996, was one especially virulent attack. It was followed by a review in The Times by religious affairs correspondent, Ruth Gledhill, which attacked Pius XII apparently on the strength of the BBC program alone. Later, the producer of the program, Jonathan Lewis, attempted to explain his position in the liberal Catholic Journal The Tablet.
Pius XII was one of the few world leaders outside Jewry itself who was quick to recognize the danger of Nazism. Former Israeli diplomat Pinchas Lapide, in his book The Last Three Popes and the Jews demonstrates convincingly the consistent and active protection provided to Jews in Europe by the papacy. He does not shrink from strong criticism of other parts of the Catholic Church where necessary and of some Catholic governments in particular. Further, he commands respect from those reading from a Jewish perspective.
It is estimated that the actions of Pius XII directly led to the saving of 800,000 Jewish lives during the war. The estimate of 800,000 Jewish lives is based upon the testimony of the post-war government of the recently created State of Israel which recognized and honored that pope’s contribution. The Israelis recognized the figure and a forest of as many trees was planted in commemoration in the Negeb, SE of Jerusalem, and was shown to Pope Paul VI with some ceremony on his first state visit to Israel. Rev. Fr. Jean Charles-Roux, now a Rosininian priest living in London and whose father was French Ambassador to the Holy See in the 30’s, lived with his family in Rome during the fateful pre-war period. He recalls that the Pope told his father as early as 1935 that the new regime in Germany was "diabolical." The Ambassador frequently warned his government but the general reaction in France seems to have been that it was good to see the back of the Prussian militarist and that it was no bad thing that an Austrian-Czech house painter was now Chancellor.
The reaction in the USA and Britain was scarcely different at that time; and even later when they must have begun to know about the camps. The U.S. government accepted a total of 10,000 – 15,000 Jewish refugees throughout the war. — a truly scandalous statistic.
Britain was little better and before the war the government had been full of "appeasers," the Duke of Windsor visited Hitler and Lloyd George even went so far as to call him "the greatest living German"!
Ambassador Charles-Roux’s own government in Paris (and the British government) were deaf to the pleas of the Vatican to assist the German internal resistance to the Nazi government. From the very beginning Pius XII tried to persuade the Allied governments to support the German opposition to Hitler, but since they would not listen to men like the Anglican Bishop Bell of Chichester or to the few Jews who had escaped from Germany to Britain and America, they would not and did not listen to a Pope. Men like Adam von Trott zu Sulz (he had been a Rhodes Scholar at Balliol), Peter Yorek von Wartenburg and many other leading Germans who later formed the Kreisau circle, made continuous, repeated, energetic and ultimately futile attempts to reach and persuade the British government to back, or even talk with, the German resistance to Hitler. They were all killed in the 20th July plot to assassinate Hitler, the last in a long line of foiled attempts to get rid of the dictator, which was triggered by the Roman Catholic officer, Count Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg. Stauffenberg was shot out of hand. Other conspirators were not so lucky. They were tried by the infamous "People’s Court" and hanged by piano wire from butchers’ hooks of Ploetzensce prison. This was filmed on Hitler’s orders so that he could watch it himself later.
Count von Galen, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Munster, was another outspoken critic of the racial and eugenic policies of the Nazis and would undoubtedly have been liquidated by them if not for the prominence and prestige of his position.
In August 1943 Pius XII received a plea from the World Jewish Congress to try to persuade the Italian authorities to remove 20,000 Jewish refugees from internment camps in Northern Italy. "Our terror-stricken brethren look to Your Holiness as the only hope for saving them from persecution and death" they wrote. In September 1943, A.L. Easterman on behalf of the WJC reported to the Apostolic Delegate in London (there was no Nuncio since the British government always refused to recognize the diplomatic
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Using the Read Out Loud Feature
Using the Read Out Loud feature, you can highlight text and have Read It! read it to you.
Using your mouse, highlight the word, sentence, or paragraph you would like to hear and click the Listen
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Using the Read Out Loud Feature
Using the Read Out Loud feature, you can highlight text and have Read It! read it to you.
Using your mouse, highlight the word, sentence, or paragraph you would like to hear and click the Listen button.
Press the Pause button to stop listening.
Click the arrow on the right to close Read Out Loud.
Adjusting Read Out Loud Settings
You can adjust the accent, reading speed, and highlighting options from the Read Out Loud toolbar.
Select an Accent from the drop-down menu to hear your text read in that accent.
Click the Settings button to adjust how fast the text is spoken (Reading speed) as well as how your text is highlighted (Highlighting options.)
Downloading Text-to-Speech MP3s
You may also download audio file
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To design the representative object witch is a tree following theswe steps:
Firstly, started by drawing the tree branch using the rectangle tool and ancor point tool to adjust the ancor points of the rectangle.
secondly to create the tree leafs
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To design the representative object witch is a tree following theswe steps:
Firstly, started by drawing the tree branch using the rectangle tool and ancor point tool to adjust the ancor points of the rectangle.
secondly to create the tree leafs using the ellipse tool and adjusted the ancor points using the ancor point tool with using the direct selection tool, after that copied the leaf 5 times to create a bunch them then colored each diffirently and resized
then to repeat this shape around the tree make the leafs into a brush and choose scatter brush options
after that using the ellipse tool to creat a circle with out fill color but with strock color to use the brush made previuosly by clicking it while selecting the circle
used the same way to fill up the bushes place then using ellipse tool i create a circle and choose a pattern to fill it up und put it at the back of the tree bush to add an interest to the design
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The Researcher’s Summary:
Children with systemic lupus erythematosus SLE (cSLE) often develop more severe organ involvement than adults. And this frequently includes the development of renal disease, called lupus nephritis (LN).
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The Researcher’s Summary:
Children with systemic lupus erythematosus SLE (cSLE) often develop more severe organ involvement than adults. And this frequently includes the development of renal disease, called lupus nephritis (LN). Optimal control of lupus nephritis in children (cLN) is one of the most critical problems facing these children. This is because uncontrolled cLN can lead to end-stage renal disease, the need for dialysis and increased likelihood of death.
Unfortunately, the best treatment for these children is currently not known. Traditional research study designs used to determine optimal treatments in adult diseases, such as randomized controlled trials, are often not feasible in children due to fewer patient numbers and ethical concerns. And comparing the effects of treatments provided by various physicians in practice is often not reliable because physicians use so many different treatment approaches and track patients differently.
Thus, historically, many medical providers have simply applied what is learned in adult research studies to the treatment of their children. However, that may not always be valid due to differences related to the underlying disease or to the way children respond to medications.
Another approach for comparing the effects of different treatments is to standardize treatments that are used in routine practice so that they can be reliably compared. Thus, the pediatric rheumatology community, working through the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatic Disease Alliance (CARRA), recently completed the development of Consensus Treatment Plans (CTPs) for cLN. These provide a standardized approach for the induction and maintenance treatment of proliferative cLN, with the goal of comparing the effectiveness and safety of cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine, the most commonly used medications for cLN. The CTPs also provide standardized steroid regimens. At many centers, patients with cSLE enroll on a registry (CARRAnet), which allows for data collection.
With the use of these new CTPs, we will be able to collect data to determine how these medications compare for the treatment of cLN. However, prior to conducting a large large-scale comparison, it is necessary to assess the usability of these CTPs in the community. Thus, this proposal aims to demonstrate that the standardization of treatment using CTPs for cSLE therapies among pediatric rheumatologists is feasible, and to obtain initial information about how these treatments compare.
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The legend of the Garden Gnome is not only mythological, but dates back centuries. Earlier illustrations depict a twisted looking little old man with a long white beard. They were even thought to look like little deformed dwarfs due to their small
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The legend of the Garden Gnome is not only mythological, but dates back centuries. Earlier illustrations depict a twisted looking little old man with a long white beard. They were even thought to look like little deformed dwarfs due to their small stature.
In Germany, gnomes were often depicted as miners. This is due to a theory that these miners, of small stature, came from the island of Crete around 1,500 BC to dig for gold and silver in parts of Europe, including southeast Germany, which may have led to the mining dwarf legend. These little people were often featured in German fairy tales, such as those told by the Brothers Grimm, and dwarf figurines were thought to bring good fortune to a home if placed in the house or garden which is why they were adopted by so many German homes.
Did you know that the pointed red hat that is often seen on garden gnomes today was formerly a depiction of the hat that was initially worn by the miners in the mountains of south-east Germany?
We don’t regard them as highly as they were historically. The “painted” garden gnome originally came about in Germany towards the end of the 19th century when there was a large ceramic industry producing household and garden ornaments. Gnomes were extremely popular and many manufacturers started exporting large quantities around the world.
The image of the Garden Gnome did not change until 1937 with the Walt Disney Production of “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs”. This film was based on the original Brothers Grimm tale of “Little Snow White”.
At around the war between 1939 and 1945 is when production resumed of Garden Gnomes continued, but the image changed as well as the color. The colors were brighter and looked more cheerful.
It was around 1960 that Garden Gnomes started being manufactured out of plastic somewhere in Germany. Now they were not only shatterproof, but weatherproof as well. In no time at all the Garden Gnome was back on track as becoming a popular addition to household gardens everywhere.
This is Day 72's ATCs that I submitted in the 2010 Project ATC 365.
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The phytogeography of the Australian region
Australian Journal of Botany
8(2) 75 - 211
The Australian phytogeographic region is defined as including the Australian mainland and Tasmania. This region may be subdivided
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The phytogeography of the Australian region
Australian Journal of Botany
8(2) 75 - 211
The Australian phytogeographic region is defined as including the Australian mainland and Tasmania. This region may be subdivided into the Tropical Zone in the north and east, the Temperate Zone in the south and east, and the Eremaean Zone in the arid centre. Delineation of these zones is closely linked with present day climates but their floristic constituents also reflect selection resulting from past climatic and geographic conditions. The following areas are of special phytogeographic interest: South-West Province of Western Australia, Tasmania, Sorth-East Queensland, and the MacPherson–Macleay Overlap where the Tropical and Temperate Zones coincide. Three interzone areas have been defined where special circumstances prevent the drawing of zonal boundaries.
In Parts A and B floristic analyses covering the distribution of Australian phanerogamic genera a
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Wednesday, January 27, 2010
Process of Planning
The Planning is not one shot activity but an endless process as follows:
- Setting objectives or goals
- Situational Analysis
- Environmental Opportunities
- Course of Action
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Wednesday, January 27, 2010
Process of Planning
The Planning is not one shot activity but an endless process as follows:
- Setting objectives or goals
- Situational Analysis
- Environmental Opportunities
- Course of Action
- Budget Allocations
- Implementation and Review
Objectives are the prime parts of the plan or, planning involves determination of desired future.
Example: you might want to hire some salesmen to increase your market coverage
An organisation must be realistic in assessing its own strengths and weaknesses in the planning process
Example: Rail road (Pen Central) lost its business because they focus only on weakness not strengths so that their sound strategy could be built on its strengths.
Environmental Considerations and Opportunities :
It is said that planning leads to success and to achieve this success, new opportunities must be explored.
Example: Technology developments and economic situation are vital considerations.
Course of Action:
Based on the assessment of internal and external conditions and keeping the objectives and goals in mind, an appropriate course of action must be taken.
Designing a course of action gives a formal structure to the plan itself.
In order to choose course of action, various alternative courses of action must be developed.
The alternatives must be realistic in terms of achievement.
Once the best or optimal course of action is chosen, the next step in the planning process is to set specific targets and allocate resources; these allocations must be stated in quantitative terms
Fixed Budget: Is only for a stated period of time that does not provide allowance for any change in output
Zero-Based Budget: First used by Texas instruments in 1969, by examining the cost-benefit of all activities and ranking them according to the importance to the overall performance of the organization
Implementation and Review:
The last step in the planning process involves putting the plan into action and see whether it is working.
Co-operation of all the members of an organization, to achieve this co-operation, participation must be encouraged.
A follow-up (top to bottom) procedure and other control mechanism must be provided to increase the effective implementation of a plan.
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Gypsy, the Equine Encyclopedia, has something to say about the 7 macro-minerals required by the horse. Like all Shetlands, she is always watching, listening and learning.
Horses require seven different macro-minerals to stay
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Gypsy, the Equine Encyclopedia, has something to say about the 7 macro-minerals required by the horse. Like all Shetlands, she is always watching, listening and learning.
Horses require seven different macro-minerals to stay healthy. These are calcium, chloride, sodium, sulfur, potassium, phosphorus and magnesium.
Each one helps the horse in a different way. Calcium is a partner with phosphorus. Horses need calcium for strong, healthy bones. Calcium also helps horses with temperature regulation.
Chloride: sodium and chloride go together to form sodium chloride, or salt. Salt is critical in the process of sweating and is essential for proper electrolyte balance.
Sodium: see chloride; the two work together.
Sulfur is a building block of several amino acids and B-complex vitamins which aid the horse with strong hoof walls.
The mineral that is important in regulating osmotic pressure in cells and carbohydrate metabolism is potassium. It also helps with maintaining the acid-base balances of cells.
The partner to calcium is phosphorus. Together, they do great things and are important for strong bones and needed to metabolize and use energy.
Magnesium is important for good bone health and is involved in enzyme function.
These minerals work together for a healthy, happy horse. This is why it is always important to feed horses a complete, well balanced diet.
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Vasomotor tone is the amount of tension in the smooth muscle inside the walls of blood vessels, particularly in arteries. The tension is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system through the release of norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter that stimulates
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Vasomotor tone is the amount of tension in the smooth muscle inside the walls of blood vessels, particularly in arteries. The tension is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system through the release of norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter that stimulates receptors inside the vessels' walls.Continue Reading
The amount of tension on the walls of the vessels constricts or dilates the vessels. Nerve fibers in the middle layer of the vessel, known as the tunica media, secrete neurotransmitters into the extracellular fluid surrounding the smooth muscle in the tunica media. The smooth-muscle cells have receptors for the neurotransmitters. When some of these receptors are activated, it causes constriction of the vessels, and when others are activated, it causes dilation.
Certain chemicals such as endothelin cause constriction of the smooth muscles in blood vessels. Other chemicals such as nitric oxide cause dilation. Acute increases in vasomotor tone are accompanied by similar increases in blood pressure and need to be treated immediately. These sudden increases are often caused by some other condition such as artery occlusion. Loss in the vasomotor tone of blood vessels because of brain injury or other trauma can result in extreme dilation of the vessels, a serious condition known as neurogenic shock.Learn more about Cardiac Health
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ELISA/Western blot tests for HIVHIV testing
HIV ELISA/Western blot is a set of blood tests used to diagnose chronic infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
A blood sample is drawn from a
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ELISA/Western blot tests for HIVHIV testing
HIV ELISA/Western blot is a set of blood tests used to diagnose chronic infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
A blood sample is drawn from a vein.
No preparation is necessary.
When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.
Testing (screening) for HIV infection is done for many reasons, including for:
- Persons who want to be tested
- Personsin high-risk groups (men who have sex with men, injection drug users and their sexual partners, and commercial sex workers)
- Personswith certain conditions and infections (such as Kaposi's sarcoma or Pneumocystis jiroveciipneumonia)
- Pregnant women, to help prevent them from passing the virus to the baby
- When a patient has an unusual infection
A negative test result is normal. But persons with early HIV infection (acute HIV infection or primary HIV infection) often have a negative test result.
A positive ELISA test is always followed by a Western blot test. A positive Western blot confirms an HIV infection. A negative Western blot test means the ELISA test was a false positive test. The Western blot test can also be unclear, in which case more testing is done.
Negative tests do not rule out HIV infection. There is a period of time, called the window period, between HIV infection and the appearance of anti-HIV antibodies. During this period, antibodies usually cannot be measured.
If a person might have acute or primary HIV infection and is in the window period, a negative HIV ELISA and Western blot will not rule out HIV infection. More tests for HIV are needed.
Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another, and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others.
Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include:
- Excessive bleeding
- Fainting or feeling light-headed
- Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
- Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)
People who are at high risk (men who have sex wi
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- by Carol Standish
Cod - A Biography of the Fish that Changed the World (Walker and Company; 294pp; $21.00) is an odd little book (literally only 5 x 7 inches). After its
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- by Carol Standish
Cod - A Biography of the Fish that Changed the World (Walker and Company; 294pp; $21.00) is an odd little book (literally only 5 x 7 inches). After its shape, which does make it stand out on the bookstore shelf, the first clue to its oddness is the antique map which decorates its endpapers. The words, "Oceanus Britannicus" at the very bottom (southern) edge of the map finally orient the viewer to the unfamiliar grouping of land masses which constitute the great codfishing countries of the ancient world: Great Britain, Scandinavia, Finland, the arctic coast of Russia, Iceland, Greenland and Newfoundland—an unusual, even eccentric world view.
Author, Mark Kurlansky's sketches of world history from the cod fishing point of view challenge conventional thinking. He presents information the reader sort of knew and facts that have never seen the light of day in a totally unique context, enticing the reader on to see what world crisis the humble cod fish will precipitate next. For instance, 60 per cent of the all the fish eaten in Europe was cod, for two hundred and fifty years. This huge market created a "codfish aristocracy" of New England fishermen…extravagantly wealthy colonists who saw no reason for the English crown to restrict their "right to make money," voila, the American Revolution.
Codfish had a similar effect on Iceland, bringing the entire population from the Middle Ages to the middle class in the 1970s when the state established and actively defended a fifty mile fishing limit along its coast. In one year "eighty-four trawlers - sixty-nine British and fifteen German - lost their nets" to an Icelandic Coast Guard vessel towing a "trawl wire cutter."
For hundreds of years, the only more skilled survivor than the codfish, was the cod fisherman. The first people to fish for cod away from home waters were the Basques who preserved the fish they caught by drying and salting, thus providing food for long sea voyages. In 1534 when explorer Jacques Cartier "discovered" the St. Lawrence River, he reported the presence of 1000 Basque fishing vessels, "but the Basques, wanting to keep a good secret, had never claimed it for anybody."
While the whole book is a lament for the cod f
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Eucalyptus laevopinea: is known as the Silvertop Stringybark. It is one of seven Eucalypt species native to Yallaroo. Stringybarks have rough, furrowed bark that will
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Eucalyptus laevopinea: is known as the Silvertop Stringybark. It is one of seven Eucalypt species native to Yallaroo. Stringybarks have rough, furrowed bark that will peel off in strips. White flowers usually appear between June and August. The number of flowers varies from year to year. Flowers are rich in nectar and attract insects (including honey bees), many honeyeaters and lorikeets.
The Silvertop Stringybark is a handsome tree, usually with a rounded crown. In days gone by some of our specimens were cut down for fence posts. These trees have developed a mallee growth habit with multiple stems.
Eucalyptus laevopinea is found on the Slopes and Tablelands of NSW and Southern Queensland. The species produces excellent firewood and is also cut commercially for building timber.
Eucalyptus laevopinea is too large for most suburban gardens but is ideal for rural woodlots, shelterbelts and windbreaks.
This Eucalypt propagates readily from seed.
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Category:South Carolina militiamen in the American Revolution
People from South Carolina who fought in units on the British side are categorized under Category:Loyalists in the American Revolution.
People from South Carolina who fought in the Continental Army are listed in
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Category:South Carolina militiamen in the American Revolution
People from South Carolina who fought in units on the British side are categorized under Category:Loyalists in the American Revolution.
People from South Carolina who fought in the Continental Army are listed in Category:Continental Army officers or Category:Continental Army soldiers. Some soldiers served in the Continental Army and the South Carolina militia; they should be listed in both categories.
People in this category should not also be placed in Category:People of South Carolina in the American Revolution, unless they were notable in South Carolina during the Revolution for reasons other than their service in the militia.
Pages in category "South Carolina militiamen in the American Revolution"
The following 28 pages are in this category, out of 28 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).
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Hathor (Egyptian:"mansion of Horus") is an Ancient Egyptian goddess who personified the principles of joy, feminine love, and motherhood. She was one of the most important and popular deities throughout the history of Ancient
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Hathor (Egyptian:"mansion of Horus") is an Ancient Egyptian goddess who personified the principles of joy, feminine love, and motherhood. She was one of the most important and popular deities throughout the history of Ancient Egypt. Hathor was worshiped by Royalty and common people alike in whose tombs she is depicted as "Mistress of the West" welcoming the dead into the next life. In other roles she was a goddess of music, dance, foreign lands and fertility who helped women in childbirth, as well as the patron goddess of miners.
Hathor is ambiguously depicted until the 4th dynasty. In the historical era Hathor is shown using the imagery of a cow deity. Artifacts from pre-dynastic times depict cow deities using the same symbolism as used in later times for Hathor and Egyptologists speculate that these deities may be one and the same or precursors to Hathor.
A cow deity appears on the belt of the King on the Narmer Palette dated to the pre-dynastic era, and this may be Hathor or, in another guise, the goddess Bat with whom she is linked and later supplanted. At times they are regarded as one and the same goddess, though likely having separate origins, and reflections of the same divine concept. The evidence pointing to the deity being Hathor in particular is based on a passage from the Pyramid texts which states that the King's apron comes from Hathor.
A stone urn recovered from Hierakonpolis and dated to the 1st dynasty has on its rim the face of a cow deity with stars on its ears and horns that may relate to Hathor's, or Bat's, role as a sky-goddess. Another artifact from the 1st dynasty shows a cow lying down on an ivory engraving with the inscription "Hathor in the Marshes" indicating her association with vegetation and the papyrus marsh in particular. From the Old Kingdom she was also called Lady of the Sycamore in her capacity as a tree deity.
Hathor was the god of love, music, dance and Egyptian mothers. She watched over all of Egypt's mothers while they had children. Hathor also increased the joy and music in Egypt. She was all about spirit and love.
Hathor had a complex relationship with Ra. At times she is the eye of Ra and considered his daughter, but she is also considered Ra's mother. She absorbed this role from another cow goddess 'Mht wrt' ("Great flood") who was the mother of Ra in a creation myth and carried him between her horns. As a mother she gave birth to Ra each morning on the eastern horizon and as wife she conceives through union with him each day.
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Online Staff Report
Burpee Explorers will present “Explore Invertebrates Annelida” from 1 to 2:30 p.m., Saturday, May 4, at Burpee Museum of Natural History, 737 N.
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Online Staff Report
Burpee Explorers will present “Explore Invertebrates Annelida” from 1 to 2:30 p.m., Saturday, May 4, at Burpee Museum of Natural History, 737 N. Main St., Rockford.
The event is for ages 6 and older with an adult. Pre-registration and payment are required. Cost is $18 per child members, $20 per child non-members (adult is free). Call (815) 965-3433, ext. 1020, to register.
Annelids are segmented worms. Work with Lumbricus terrestris (a pretty fancy name for the common worm) to learn why these simple creatures are important in their habitats. In addition, get a close-up look at their predator, the frog, and learn of its importance.
We all see these little creatures wiggling on the sidewalk after a rain. Many a child has come to their rescue. In this class, the Explorers will work with several different species of segmented worms. They will lea
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According to the IPCC, “greenhouse gases” send back to the surface some IR radiation which originally came from the surface, thus increasing the surface temperature:
“The Sun powers Earth’s climate, radiating energy at very short wavelengths, predominately in
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According to the IPCC, “greenhouse gases” send back to the surface some IR radiation which originally came from the surface, thus increasing the surface temperature:
“The Sun powers Earth’s climate, radiating energy at very short wavelengths, predominately in the visible or near-visible (e.g., ultraviolet) part of the spectrum. Roughly one-third of the solar energy that reaches the top of Earth’s atmosphere is reflected directly back to space. The remaining two-thirds is absorbed by the surface and, to a lesser extent, by the atmosphere. To balance the absorbed incoming energy, the Earth must, on average, radiate the same amount of energy back to space. Because the Earth is much colder than the Sun, it radiates at much longer wavelengths, primarily in the infrared part of the spectrum. Much of this thermal radiation emitted by the land and ocean is absorbed by the atmosphere, including clouds, and re-radiated back to Earth. This is called the greenhouse effect. The glass walls in a greenhouse reduce airflow and increase the temperature of the air inside. Analogously, but through a different physical process, the Earth’s greenhouse effect warms the surface of the planet. Without the natural greenhouse effect, the average temperature at Earth’s surface would be below the freezing point of water. Thus, Earth’s natural greenhouse effect makes life as we know it possible. However, human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels and clearing of forests, have greatly intensified the natural greenhouse effect, causing global warming.”
Recall what we discussed in a previous post: in science, what we seek to identify is the physical principle which underlies a phenomenon. By identifying and understanding the underlying principle, we thus understand reality. If we can mathematize the principle and justify it on a-priori mathematical absolutivity, then the phenomenon becomes a scientific Law, such as the Laws of Thermodynamics or Kepler’s Law of Universal Gravitation, or the Laws of Least Action or Least Time. We can also engineer the physical principle and use it to our benefit, to produce products, services, and generally, to create wealth and increase the standard of living of people, etc.
The obvious question: is the underlying principle of the atmospheric greenhouse effect actually defined, anywhere?
All I have to tell you, is that “No, it is not.”
What does the IPCC, the world’s supposedly most scientifically informed organization on climate matters, have to say about the greenhouse effect? Only that it is analogous to, but different from, the glass walls in a greenhouse. That’s no definition of a scientific principle! And yes, that is the sound of my voice laughing!! What the hell does “analogous to, but different from” have to do with stating a scientific principle? Nothing. The IPCC proves that the AGHE can’t actually even be defined. If they could define it, and if anyone could, they would, but they don’t, and never have. As I’ve said elsewhere, the AGHE is an enigma, a comparison of two numbers who’s comparison simply doesn’t have a physically defined meaning at all.
But let’s look into the logic of this explanation by the IPCC a little deeper. First, what do they say about how a real greenhouse functions: “The glass walls in a greenhouse reduce airflow and increase the temperature of the air inside.”
This statement isn’t even correct. Glass walls do indeed reduce airflow, but it is not really the walls which are most important – the IPCC forgot to mention the ceiling. Then they say “and increase the temperature”, which means that the glass walls are the cause of the increase in temperature. Do the glass walls have a source of heat? Do they generate power? They don’t do those things of course, and so it makes no sense to say that the walls “increase the temperature”. The walls are inert objects and have no way of affecting the ambient temperature, in a causal sense, at all. What the walls (and ceiling) do represent is better described as a boundary condition of the physical phase-space; they don’t cause something to happen, but they affect what the actual originating causes have in effect on the system they bound.
What really happens in a real greenhouse is that sunshine, which as we have seen can generate extremely warm temperatures approaching +100oC, warms the interior surfaces inside the greenhouse because sunlight passes through the glass ceiling and walls. Have you ever been on a hot sandy beach where the sand burns your feet? That is what sunlight can do to surfaces. What happens next, on a beach, is that the air in contact with the hot sand warms up by conduction, then rises, expands, and cools, and cooler air from above comes down and replaces the warm which has displaced it. This process is called convection, and it happens automatically, all the time. But what would happen if you could stop convection?
If you stopped convection, the air in contact with the hot ground wouldn’t rise away, and so that air would just keep increasing in temperature until it matched the temperature of the ground. Given that the ground is heated to high temperature from the sunlight, that means the air will also become very hot. That is the underlying physical principle which governs the behaviour of a real greenhouse. See how that works? See how the underlying physical principle can be identified, manipulated, and engineered? See how it makes sense, is clearly identifiable, describable, and explainable? See how it does what you expect it
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Services for English Language LearnersPhilosophy
The primary priority for English language learners is to improve English language acquisition and thus academic performance through a system of support from preschool through grade 12 while honoring their own native language(s). Our ultimate success
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Services for English Language LearnersPhilosophy
The primary priority for English language learners is to improve English language acquisition and thus academic performance through a system of support from preschool through grade 12 while honoring their own native language(s). Our ultimate success will be measured by all of our ELL students graduating from Vashon Island High School college and career ready with a Seal of Biliteracy as well.
The Vashon Island School District uses Washington State English Proficiency Standards (ELPS) to provide learning targets for teachers as they assist students in learning English. Currently, 61 students receive English language development services in our district, representing several different cultures and language groups.Our district uses a Supportive Mainstream Model. Students are in mainstream English speaking classrooms most of the day. Teachers provide supplemental language inside and/or outside of the classroom and within literacy
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Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp (2011)Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources
Each report is produced by a committee of experts selected by the Academy to address a particular statement of task and is subject to a rigorous, independent peer review
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Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp (2011)Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources
Each report is produced by a committee of experts selected by the Academy to address a particular statement of task and is subject to a rigorous, independent peer review; while the reports represent views of the committee, they also are endorsed by the Academy. Learn more on our expert consensus reports.
Report in Brief >>
The continued growth of the aquatic farming industry depends on the development of nutritious feeds that maximize fish growth and health while minimizing the environmental impacts caused by uneaten feed and animal waste—a challenge that can only be met with updated information on the nutritional requirements of fish and shrimp. This report, the latest in a series of National Research Council reports on the nutritional needs of fish, evaluates the most recent scientific literature on the nutrient requirements of several commercially important species of fish and shrimp. The report also reviews the role of aquaculture feeds in determining the nutritional value of seafood to humans, and identifies critical research needs for better defining fish and shrimp nutrient requirements.
- Based on recent scientific literature on the nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp at all stages of life, the report provides an extensive discussion of each of the nutrient classes, including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals and a review of experiments to determine nutrient requirements. This material forms the basis for updated values for the daily requirement intakes of essential nutrients such as lipids, amino acids, minerals, and vitamins.
- Topics such as the digestive physiology and metabolism of fish are reviewed to provide context for understanding how to use nutritional data in preparing feeds and applying appropriate feeding regimens to support efficient aquaculture production.
- Sustainable alternatives to the fish meal and fish oil found in many commercial aquaculture feeds are needed for aquaculture production to continue to expand as it has in recent years. However, fish meal and fish oil constitute important sources of nutrition in aquatic feeds, conferring desirable characteristics to the diet and health of the cultured organism, and ultimately to the consumer. The report reviews efforts to identify sustainable alternatives to fish oil and meal that still offer similar desirable qualities.
- Fish fed diets that contain fish oil are a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids in the human diet. However, when fish are cultivated using alternative feeds that do not contain fish oil, their omega-3 fatty acid content is reduced. Currently, there are no ideal substitutes for fish oil as a source of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
- Feeds constitute the major source of environmental pollution resulting from aquaculture, either directly, in the form of uneaten feed, or indirectly, through animal waste. These pollutants can contribute to the nutrient loading of the culture system, and the environment. The development of feeds that provide balanced nutrition to maximize growth, while minimizing environmental effects, depends on knowing the species' nutritional requirements—and meeting those requirements with diet formulations and appropriate feeding practices.
- The report discusses strategies for reducing the environmental impact of aquaculture. These strategies include minimizing the generation of waste, for example by selecting highly digestible ingredients, reducing indigestible components from the feed and minimizing nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the diet; and ensuring appropriate feed management is critical to obtaining efficient aquaculture production by determining the proper feed ration and providing the correct form of the feed—flakes, pellets, or liquid.
- The committee identified several topic areas that represent critical needs for future research. These include the requirements, delivery, and interaction of nutrients; alternatives to fish meal and oil; diet formulation and processing; and the effects of nutrition on gene expression and metabolism.
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What Should Your Cholesterol Level Really Be?
People are constantly being told about cholesterol and cholesterol levels: what is good, what is bad, what to eat, what not to eat, etc.
So…what should your cholesterol goal be?
Pr
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What Should Your Cholesterol Level Really Be?
People are constantly being told about cholesterol and cholesterol levels: what is good, what is bad, what to eat, what not to eat, etc.
So…what should your cholesterol goal be?
Principally because of a diet high in animal based foods, the average total cholesterol for adult Americans is about 200 mg/dL, even though 30 million Americans are on medication to lower cholesterol! Without all of those pills that number would be in the stratosphere! This is a key indicator that too many of us are indeed, sick. Our documented high rates of chronic disease and obesity confirm this.
LIKE BlackDoctor.org on Facebook! Get Your Daily Medicine…For LIFE!
Current guidelines used by most American doctors suggest that patients aim for a
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Corn planted area for all purposes in 2016 is estimated at 93.6 million acres, up 6% from last year. If realized, this will represent the highest planted acreage in the United States since 2013, and
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Corn planted area for all purposes in 2016 is estimated at 93.6 million acres, up 6% from last year. If realized, this will represent the highest planted acreage in the United States since 2013, and will be the third highest planted acreage in the United States since 1944.
Soybean planted area for 2016 is estimated at 82.2 million acres, down less than 1% from last year. Compared with last year, planted acreage intentions are down or unchanged in 23 of the 31 estimating states.
All wheat planted area for 2016 is estimated at 49.6 million acres, down 9% from 2015. The 2016 winter wheat planted area, at 36.2 million acres, is down 8% from last year and down 1% from the previous estimate. Of this total, about 26.2 million acres are Hard Red Winter, 6.60 million acres are Soft Red Winter, and 3.37 million acres are White Winter. Area planted to other spring wheat for 2016 is estimated at 11.3 million acres, down 14% from 2015. Of this total, about 10.7 million acres are Hard Red Spring wheat. The intended Durum planted area for 2016 is estimated at 2.00 million acres, up 3% from the previous year.
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Edward Wilmot Blyden: Father of Pan-African Thought
Edward Wilmot Blyden was born 3 August 1832 in the Danish West Indies (Currently known as the United States Virgin Islands) on the island of
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Edward Wilmot Blyden: Father of Pan-African Thought
Edward Wilmot Blyden was born 3 August 1832 in the Danish West Indies (Currently known as the United States Virgin Islands) on the island of St. Thomas. In 1845 Blyden met Reverend John P. Knox. He was the pastor of the St. Thomas Protestant Dutch Reformed Church. Knox soon became impressed with the young Blyden's studious nature. Mostly due to his close proximity to Knox, Blyden became a minister, much to the pleasure of his parents.
In May of 1850, Blyden went to the United States with Knox's wife, and tried in vain to enroll in Rutgers Theological College, as well as two others. Knox encouraged Blyden to move to Liberia where his efforts could reap fruition.
Later that year Blyden arrived in Liberia and became deeply involved in the new country's development.
From 1855 to 1856, Blydenwrote a column for and edited the Liberia Herald. He also spent time writing and editing for other budding newspapers in Nigeria and Sierra Leone.
In 1861, Blyden became professor of Greek and Latin at Liberia College, and from 1880 to 1884 he was president of the college. Blyden also served as ambassador for Liberia to Britain and France.
From 1864 to 1864, Blyden was appointed as the Liberian Secretary of State, and Minister of the Interior from 1880 to 1882.
Blyden traveled to the United States and spoke to many major black congregations of the time. Blyden advocated to African Americans that the suffering due to racial discrimination could be ended by repatriating back to Africa and developing the mother land. Because of ideas like this, Blyden is regarded widely as the "father of Pan-Africanism".
His most notable book is Christianity, Islam, and the Negro Race (1887). Where he argues that Islam is a more fulfilling and unifying practice for those of African descent.
Edward Wilmot Blyden Died on 7 February 1912 at the age of 79.
information gathered from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Wilmot_Blyden
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Bladder stones generally need to be removed. Your doctor may recommend drinking a lot of water each day to help a small stone pass naturally. However, because bladder stones are often caused by the inability to empty the bladder completely, this may not be
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Bladder stones generally need to be removed. Your doctor may recommend drinking a lot of water each day to help a small stone pass naturally. However, because bladder stones are often caused by the inability to empty the bladder completely, this may not be enough to make the stone pass. Most cases require removal of the stones.
Breaking stones apart
Bladder stones are often removed during a procedure called a cystolitholapaxy (sis-toe-lih-THOL-uh-pak-see). A small tube with a camera at the end (cystoscope) is inserted through your urethra and into your bladder to view the stone. Your doctor then uses a laser, ultrasound or mechanical device to break the stone into small pieces and flushes the pieces from your bladder.
Hand-held lithotripters use ultrasonic energy to break up the stone into pieces small enough to pass in the urine. Holmium laser lithotripsy uses a laser to break up the stone.
Before the procedure, you'll likely be given an anesthetic that numbs the lower part of your body (regional anesthesia) or that makes you unconscious and unable to feel pain (general anesthesia). Complications from a cystolitholapaxy aren't common, but urinary tract infections, fever, a tear in your bladder or bleeding can occur. Your doctor may give you antibiotics before and after the procedure to reduce the risk of infections.
About a month after the cystolitholapaxy, your doctor will likely confirm that there are no remaining stone fragments in your bladder.
Occasionally, bladder stones that are large or too hard to break up are removed through surgery. In these cases, your doctor makes an incision in your bladder and directly removes the stones.
No studies have confirmed that herbal remedies can break up bladder stones, which are extremely hard and usually req
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He argues that religion performs psychological functions. Salinowski argues that religion is used in a time of life crisis. So, when there’s a death, for example, or birth, or even that scary time when a teenager realises they are
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He argues that religion performs psychological functions. Salinowski argues that religion is used in a time of life crisis. So, when there’s a death, for example, or birth, or even that scary time when a teenager realises they are experiencing “changes”… Malinowski proved his theory through the study of the Trobian Islanders. He found that when they were about to fish in the vast, uncertain ocean the Islanders prayed to their totem but when they fished in local lakes they did not pray. This proved that religion provided certainty and comfort in a time of life crisis or uncetainty.
A slightly more modern example would be President Bush’s words after the 9/11 attacks. Watch this video from 3:30 to see how Bush calls upon religion.
- Malinowski’s theory is quite dated but the Bush example would make a nice counter argument
- What about the times where religion is prevalent but there is no evidence of a life crisis? Think about the people who go to a religious place every week…
Firstly, Parsons believes that religion is used to answer the “big” questions in life. Eventually we begin to ask ourselves questions such as: why are we here? Why do people die? What happens after death? According to Parsons, the fraction of religion is to act as a primary source of meaning to these questions and the ability of his questions to be answered can help society deal with certain events that may arise. For example, Christianity is states that after death the soul lives on and this can help some people deal with the death of a close one.
Secondly, Parsons argues that religion’s function is to create and adjust to my society’s values. This is done by religion’s ability to sacralise the norms and values of society. For example, some societies are centred around the belief of being charitable and selfless and this is reiterated by religion which promotes charitable giving and selflessness. So religion makes the basic norms of society sacred.
Bellah argues that it is not just mainstream religion that takes place in society but that there is a civil religion that can integrate society in a way that mainstream religion cannot. For example, a civil religion would be the American God. The American God is not an actual God but it is representative of all the sacred values and norms that underpins the American way of life – it is socially constructed. The American civil religion promotes loyalty to the state and a belief in this American God. Now, the American civil religion is able to bring people together because it appeals to all American’s and its aim is to unite all the people as one nation.
Functional alternatives/functional equivalents
These are not the religious beliefs, ideologies and practices that have the same function as religion such as social cohesion or reinforcing shared values. For example, Nazi Germany and the American civil religion. The main problem with functional alternatives is that it blurs the distinction between what is religion and ways in. Accordin Ato the substantive definition there must be a belief in the supernatural but others would disagree.
- Ignores religion as a source of division and conflict
- Is a civil religion really a religion?
- Ignores the negative aspects of religion
- Does religion sacralise society’s values or is society simply basing its values on religion?
Functionalist theory is slightly outdated because it has not taken into account the secularisation taking place in modern society – sacralising values may not have much impact in society today and people may have found compensator is for those “big” questions
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I'm embarassed to ask this question because it makes me realize I'm far behind but I need to better understand everything relating to this whole $ sudo, $ curl, whatever, stuff.
I grew up with DOS. Now I use OSX.
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I'm embarassed to ask this question because it makes me realize I'm far behind but I need to better understand everything relating to this whole $ sudo, $ curl, whatever, stuff.
I grew up with DOS. Now I use OSX. I know very little about the terminal or Unix. Everywhere I go there's an assumption of an understanding of those topics and I don't get it. Where should I start to better understand this topic? What is this topic called? I'm confused by it.
For example I'm reading about meteor.js and the first thing it mentions at the top of the page is:
$ curl https://install.meteor.com/ | sh
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Synthetic Biology meets the real world
This website contains descriptions of interdisciplinary team-based projects that explore the intersection of electronics, 3D printing, sensor technology, low cost DIY instrumentation and biology - and policy workshops and outreach events. These projects aim
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Synthetic Biology meets the real world
This website contains descriptions of interdisciplinary team-based projects that explore the intersection of electronics, 3D printing, sensor technology, low cost DIY instrumentation and biology - and policy workshops and outreach events. These projects aim to build open technologies and promote development of research skills and collaborations. They tap into existing open standards and a rich ecosystem of resources for microcontrollers, first established to simplify programming and physical computing for designers, artists and scientists. These resources provide a simple environment for biologists to learn programming and hardware skills, and develop real-world laboratory tools. Further, the Biomaker projects provide a direct route for physical scientists and engineers to get hands-on experience with biological systems.
Biomaker Challenge: funding for mini-projects
The Biomaker Challenge is a new four-month programme challenging interdisciplinary teams to build low-cost sensors and instruments for biology. From colorimeters to microfluidics and beyond, we’re looking for frugal, open source and DIY approaches to biological experiments and we encourage diversity! Successful applicants receive a £250 Starter Kit (more information here), and up to £750 for addition components, 3D printing, etc. Your project must be publicly accessible, documented on Github (https://github.com/BioMakers/Biomaker-Challenge-2017), and available for exhibition at a public exhibition of open technology, the Biomaker Fayre on Saturday October 21st 2017. Open to workers at the University of Cambridge, John Innes Centre and Earlham Institute, Norwich - and any partners.
Breaking news: this new Biomaker Challenge programme has stirred up late interest, we have created an extended July 21st 2017 deadline for late-comers, with up to 20 grants available. (Applications at www.synbio.cam.ac.uk/biomakerchallenge)
The aim of the fund is to promote the development of plant Synthetic Biology as an interdisciplinary field and to facilitate exchange between The University of Cambridge, the John Innes Centre and the Earlham Institute, Norwich for the development of open technologies and responsible innovation in the context of Synthetic Biology.
This call is also encouraging applications related to use of cell-free extracts from bacteria, plants, yeast or other organisms to transcribe and translate engineered DNA. Cell-free synthetic biology is gaining popularity for prototyping genetic circuits and metabolic pathways and has many applications from production of biologics to paper-based diagnostic tests and biosensors.
The OpenPlant Fund supports innovative, open and interdisciplinary projects relevant to plant Synthetic Biology over 2015-19. Up to 20 six-month projects per year will receive £4k each, with an additional £1k awarded on completion for follow-on and outreach. Application details can be found online at https://www.openplant.org/fund/
Opportunities for collaboration
Since 2014, we have funded small interdisciplinary projects and catalysed new collaborations between several hundred students, researchers and academics across Cambridge, Norwich and beyond. A comprehensive listing of these projects is provided here, along with links to open resources generated during the work. The projects have generated a large number of electronic prototypes, software, 3D printed devices and biological elements. We hope that these resources prove useful and can be built upon by others, especially as initiators for new low-cost approaches to quantitative biology and engineering for teaching and research. Please contact us if we can assist in any way.
The Biomaker projects have been funded from a variety of sources, starting with support for mini-projects by a Strategic Research Initiative in Synthetic Biology at the University of Cambridge. This was followed by major support (£0.5M) from the BBSRC/EPSRC OpenPlant Synthetic Biology Research Centre, and support from the University of Cambridge Research Policy Committee through the Synthetic Biology Strategic Research Initiative and CamBridgeSens Strategic Research Network. A number of these funding opportunities are ongoing and we actively promote wide participation both within Cambridge and Norwich, and from external partners - including international collaborations at the level of individuals, companies and institutions. In particular, the new Biomaker Challenge has been designed t
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Democracy and slavery collided in the early American republic, nowhere more so than in the Democratic-Republican party, the political coalition that elected Thomas Jefferson president in 1800 and governed the United States into the 1820s. Joining southern
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Democracy and slavery collided in the early American republic, nowhere more so than in the Democratic-Republican party, the political coalition that elected Thomas Jefferson president in 1800 and governed the United States into the 1820s. Joining southern slaveholders and northern advocates of democracy, the coalition facilitated a dramatic expansion of American slavery and generated ideological conflict over slaveholder power in national politics. Slavery was not an exception to the rise of American democracy, Padraig Riley argues, but was instead central to the formation of democratic institutions and ideals.
"e;Slavery and the Democratic Conscience"e; explains how northern men both confronted and accommodated slavery as they joined the Democratic-Republican cause. Although many northern Jeffersonians opposed slavery, they helped build a complex political movement that defended the rights of white men to self-government, American citizenship, and equality and protected the master's right to enslave. Dissenters challenged this consensus, but they faced significant obstacles. Slaveholders resisted interference with slavery, while committed Jeffersonians built an aggressive American nationalism, consolidating an ideological accord between white freedom and slaveholder power.
By the onset of the Missouri Crisis in 1819, democracy itself had become an obstacle to antislavery politics, insofar as it bound together northern aspirations for freedom and the institutional power of slavery. That fundamental compromise had a deep influence on democratic political culture in the United States for decades to come.
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Braccio da Montone (1368-1424)
Braccio was born on 1 July
1368 at Montone, some 25 miles North of Perugia. He was the son son of Oddo
F
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Braccio da Montone (1368-1424)
Braccio was born on 1 July
1368 at Montone, some 25 miles North of Perugia. He was the son son of Oddo
Fortebraccio and Giacoma Montemelini, who were also the lords of the Montone
castle. From his first wife, Elisabetta Ermanni, he had three daughters, after
her death in 1419, he married his second wife Niccolina Varano, who gave him
a son in 1421, Carlo, moreover he had a son out of wedlock, by name Oddo.
One of his first commitments was in Romagna, where he became famous; being at the head of 150 knights. He also fought in the Marche and conquered Ancona, Fani, Cagli and other cities. His fame reached king Ladislaw of Naples, who asked him to fight for Naples in the war against Florence and the Pope; Braccio accepted and fought around Todi and Perugia, where he was joined by King Ladislaw for a final battle. Braccio became protector of Perugia. Later he entered the service of Florence. During this time, the situation in Italy was chaotic, three Popes were competing for the Holy See and two kings for the Kingdom of Naples.
On the death of King Ladislaw, the protector of Perugia, Braccio granted Bologna its freedom for the sum of 180,000 gold ducats, and with quick marches reached Umbria. In 1416 Braccio defeated condottiere Carlo Malatesta conquering Perugia.
Meanwhile in Costanza Martino V was elected to the Papal Seat, and he prepared an army to enter Rome; Braccio asked the new Pope the lordship on Umbria.
Martino replied to him sending the army of Guidantonio di Montefeltro, and calling from the South Muzio Attendolo Sforza. Braccio defeated in 1419 Guido from Montefeltro, and blocked Sforza. On 14 march a treaty was signed with the Pope, and Braccio came back to Perugia hoping in a period of peace.
Some time later the Pope excommunicated Giovanna, Queen of Naples, appointing as heir to the crown Louis III Anjou, while Giovanna appointed as her heir king Alfonso of Aragon, and called to fight for her Braccio da Montone, who again found on the other side Sforza, who was at the head of the Anjou army. There was not an open battle, though Braccio's army moved all over Abruzzo. Queen Giovanna II gave him lordship on Teramo, and soon after Braccio started his 13-year-long siege of Aquila. Meanwhile on 3 February 1424 Braccio was appointed "Gran Connestabile" of the Kingdom and received the fiefdoms of Capua and Foggia. The Queen of Naples abandoned the Aragonese and passed to the side of the Angevins under Louis, while Braccio remained loyal to Alfonso of Aragon.
The final clash between the two contenders was just below the walls of Aquila, which still resisted the siege, near the hamlet today called Bazzano. During the march towards the Abruzzese capital, condottiere Muzio Attendolo Sforza drowned in the waters of the Pescara river, near Popoli.
On 2 June the battle was fought among the most celebrated condottieri of the time; Braccio, mortally wounded in the neck, was made prisoner and transported to Aquila, where he died three days later, on June 5, 1424.
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Verb & Noun. Colloquial. Early 19th century.
[Abbreviation of BLUBBER verb.]
A1 verb trans. Wet of disfigure with weeping. E19
A2. verb intrans
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Verb & Noun. Colloquial. Early 19th century.
[Abbreviation of BLUBBER verb.]
A1 verb trans. Wet of disfigure with weeping. E19
A2. verb intrans. Shed tears, weep. M19
B noun. A fit or spell of weeping.
Verb. Late Middle English.
[from BLUBBER noun. Probably imitative: compare Low German blubbern bubble, Ge
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