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- What did Wall Street and Congress do specifically that helped increase the size of the housing bubble at the time and decreased the protection of the public? Bank CEOs and other executives on Wall Street were paid huge salaries to keep the price of their firms’	- What did Wall Street and Congress do specifically that helped increase the size of the housing bubble at the time and decreased the protection of the public? Bank CEOs and other executives on Wall Street were paid huge salaries to keep the price of their firms’ stock at high level. These executives knew that if their institutions lost money, they would lose money too. As a result, these executives bolstered short-term profits to continue to flow of money into their pockets. These Wall Street executives walked off with multimillion-dollar bonus without thinking about the major risks that could occur in the long run. The United States Congress did have a significant role in the failing to protect the public from the collapse of the housing bubble. The two major actions that Congress did was to deregulated the financial industry and repealed the Glass-Steagall Act. The Glass-Steagall Act was passed after the US stock market crash in 1929 to protect commercial banking customers from the aggression and extreme risk taking of investment banking cultures. Most of the lack of regulation in the mortgage and investment banking industries was legal even though it caused so much damage. - In every intellectual age some one style of reflection tends to become a common denominator of cultural life. What is a common denominator and is there a new one emerging? A common denominator means that men can state their strongest convictions in its terms. Other terms and other styles of reflection seem mere vehicles of escape and obscurity. Although a common denominator does exist, it does not mean that no other styles of thought or modes of sensibility exist. During the modern era, physical and biological science has been the major common denominator of serious reflection in Western societies. According to the author, the sociological imagination is becoming the major common denominator of our cultural life and its signal feature. Although the author believes this, the cultural community as a whole is largely unaware of the sociological imagination and individuals are hesitant to grasp on to it. - What was the major act that Congress passed as a result of the 2008 financial crisis in order to reform the financial industry? The major act that Congress passed after the financial crisis was the Dodd-Frank Act in 2010. This bill expanded federal and securities regulation, which subjects a wider range of financial companies to government oversight, and imposed regulation on black markets. The Dodd-Frank Act imposed changes on almost every part of the financial sector. This act brought the most significant changes to the regulation of the financial industry since the Great Depression. Strict restrictions were placed on the financial industry after the Great Depression, but some laws like the Glass-Steagall Act were repealed making the industry deregulated. The bill created a host of new agencies and the most important agencies include the Financial Stability Oversight Council, the Office of Financial Research and the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection. The act also created a process for the government to liquidate large, failing financial companies at no cost to taxpayers. Taxpayers were largely responsible for bailing out financial companies that were considered too large to fail before the recession.
Did you know that, thanks to a partnership between King County and Seattle Public Utilities, damaged clothes aren’t garbage anymore? Every day, recyclable and reusable clothes, shoes, and linens end up in the garbage due to the misconception that thrift	Did you know that, thanks to a partnership between King County and Seattle Public Utilities, damaged clothes aren’t garbage anymore? Every day, recyclable and reusable clothes, shoes, and linens end up in the garbage due to the misconception that thrift stores and other collectors will only accept “gently used,” resalable items. In fact, nearly every large collector in the King County area accepts clothes, shoes and linens in any condition, as long as they’re not wet, mildewed, or contaminated with hazardous materials. Some of these items can be resold, and others are recycled into new products. You may already donate your used clothing; now you can add your damaged clothes, and linens, and even single shoes, to the same bag and take it to one of the many organizations that accept these types of items. Thrift stores, drop boxes, and others want it all and they make it easy In the past, thrift stores, drop boxes and collection sites only accepted “gently used” items. But markets have changed, and now many accept items that are stained, holey, or damaged, or “singles” of items that are normally paired, such as shoes, socks, and gloves – as long as they are not wet, mildewed, or contaminated with hazardous materials. Some are reused, and some get recycled into new products. Organizations that accept all clothes, shoes, and linens throughout Seattle and King County are easy to find. Good for the planet Accord
PTSD: National Center for PTSD Disasters and Domestic Violence Disasters and Domestic Violence Prevalence and impact of domestic violence in the wake of disasters Two questions require attention when considering the implications of domestic violence for postdisaster	PTSD: National Center for PTSD Disasters and Domestic Violence Disasters and Domestic Violence Prevalence and impact of domestic violence in the wake of disasters Two questions require attention when considering the implications of domestic violence for postdisaster recovery. The first question is whether domestic violence increases in prevalence after disasters. There are only minimal data that are relevant to this question. Mechanic et al. (1) undertook the most comprehensive examination of intimate violence in the aftermath of a disaster after the 1993 Mid-western flood. A representative sample of 205 women who were either married or cohabitating with men and who were highly exposed to this disaster acknowledged considerable levels of domestic violence and abuse. Over the nine-month period after flood onset, 14% reported at least one act of physical aggression from their partners, 26% reported emotional abuse, 70% verbal abuse, and 86% partner anger. Whether these rates of physical aggression are greater than normal is not known because studies of domestic violence from previous years and under normal conditions have showed the existence of rates of violence as low as 1% and as high as 12%. A few studies have produced evidence that supports the above. Police reports of domestic violence increased by 46% following the eruption of the Mt. St. Helens volcano (2). One year after Hurricane Hugo, marital stress was more prevalent among individuals who had been severely exposed to the hurricane (e.g., life threat, injury) than among individuals who had been less severely exposed or not exposed at all (3). Within six months after Hurricane Andrew, 22% of adult residents of the stricken area acknowledged having a new conflict with someone in their household (4). In a study of people directly exposed to the bombing of the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, 17% of noninjured persons and 42% of persons whose injuries required hospitalization reported troubled interpersonal relationships (5). The second question is whether domestic violence, regardless of the reasons how or why it occurs, influences women's postdisaster recovery. An important finding from Mechanic et al.'s (2001) study was that the presence of domestic violence strongly influenced women's postdisaster mental health. Thirty-nine percent of women who experienced postflood partner abuse developed postflood PTSD compared to 17% of women who did not experience postflood abuse. Fifty-seven percent of women who experienced postflood partner abuse developed postflood major depression compared to 28% of nonabused women. Similarly, Norris and Uhl (3) found that as marital stress increased, so too did psychological symptoms such as depression and anxiety. Likewise, Norris et al. (4) found that 6 and 30 months after Hurricane Andrew, new conflicts and other socially disruptive events were among the strongest predictors of psychological symptoms. These findings take on additional significance when it is remembered that not only are women generally at greater risk than men for developing postdisaster psychological problems, but women who are married or cohabitating with men may be at even greater risk than single women (6,7). In contrast, married status is often a protective factor for men (8,9). It also has been found that the severity of married women's symptoms increases with the severity of their husbands' distress, even after similarities in their exposure have been taken into account (7). In summary, although the research regarding the interplay of disaster and domestic violence is not extensive and little of it has been derived from studies of incidents of mass violence, the available evidence does suggest that services related to domestic violence should be integrated into other mental-health services for disaster-stricken families. Screening for women's safety may be especially important. Helping men find appropriate ways to man
As African American History Month comes to a close, we consider the impact abortion has had upon the community. In the United States of America, tragically, black Americans are disproportionately targeted for abortion. While comprising 13 percent of the total population*,	As African American History Month comes to a close, we consider the impact abortion has had upon the community. In the United States of America, tragically, black Americans are disproportionately targeted for abortion. While comprising 13 percent of the total population, African Americans account for a staggering 36 percent of the nation’s abortions.* Thankfully, many courageous individuals and organizations are working to reverse these statistics. At the 2017 March for Life, Bishop Vincent Mathews, Jr., President of the International Missions Department of the Church of God in Christ (COGIC), the nation’s largest African American denomination, spoke passionately about his work on adoption. “Enough is enough. It’s time to rise up. It’s time to save lives!” WATCH the full clip: Since November 2015, COGIC has engaged in a “Family Life Campaign” challenging church members to take personal action in the fight for life. Mathews encourages members to adopt children from the foster care system and babies in danger of being aborted. “It’s about going home, rolling up your sleeves, and taking care of a child…” he shared. Thabiti Anyabwile, pastor at Anacostia River Church in the Washington, D.C. area is also speaking up about the tragedy of abortion for the African American community. “I am hopeful. If the conscience and compassion of the community is awakened; if African American churches are mobilized and understand this from and personal and historical perspective, it holds great promise for changing the minds of the country, changing the hearts of the country, to make abortion unthinkable.” WATCH the full clip: One of the most passionate speakers at the 2017 March for Life was Congresswoman Mia Love, who is the first female African American Republican elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. She boldly declared, “Every time we kill a child, we, all of us suffer. We lose a little of ourselves and a whole lot of our future.” Every child that is lost to abortion, every woman and family that is wounded by abortion, is a tragedy. Let us resolve to end the scourge of abortion on the African American community, and across our country. (US Census Bureau: https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-06.pdf) *(Center for Disease Control and Prevention: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/ss/ss6512a1.htm).
Origins \|\| Family Folklore \|\| Social History \|\| Local History The Grand Generation Some Possible Questions I remember my relatives talking and talking and talking, and yet as a kid, I didn't listen. I'd love to go	Origins \|\| Family Folklore \|\| Social History \|\| Local History The Grand Generation Some Possible Questions I remember my relatives talking and talking and talking, and yet as a kid, I didn't listen. I'd love to go back now and listen. Wayne Dionne, Alexandria, Virginia Because every individual is unique and every interviewer has his or her own special interests and research goals, there is no single set of questions that will fit every situation. The following are some that might be used in an interview with an older relative or neighbor about family folklore and local history. Feel free to pick and choose among them and to change them to suit your own situation. Ultimately, the most useful questions will be those that you develop yourself based on your knowledge of your own family and/or community. - How did your family come to be where it is today? Are there migration stories? Stories about establishing the family business or farm, or moving to an urban neighborhood? Are there stories about how family members acquired their first plot of land or their first store? Did the family stay in one place or move around? - If your informant is second- or third- generation immigrant, he or she might be asked: Do you know any stories about how your parents or grandparents came to America? Where did they first settle? How did they make a living? What language(s) did they speak and what do they speak now? - If your informant is a first-generation immigrant, you might ask him or her:Where were you born? Where did you grow up? What did you do for a living? Why did you leave your homeland? What possessions did you bring with you and why? What was the journey like? Which family members came along or stayed behind?
Mobile Phone Essays by Tia DS Are mobiles dangerous? Are they necessary? There are social, medical, and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones. What forms do they take? Do you agree the problems of mobile phones	Mobile Phone Essays by Tia DS Are mobiles dangerous? Are they necessary? There are social, medical, and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones. What forms do they take? Do you agree the problems of mobile phones outweigh the benefits? Cutting-edge technology is part of daily life. One of the most important technologies which engage with people's activity is mobile phones. Some people argue that using cell-phones has dire consequences that result in some social, medical and technical dilemmas. While mobile phones become worse distractions, the benefits of these advanced devices are important to provide convenient lives for users. There is no doubt that mobile phones change the way people maintain effective communication with colleagues. In this modern era, people are more likely to use mobile phones as the mean of communication rather than doing face-to-face communication. Recent research indicates that the majority of people in cosmopolitan cities are completely isolation because they are bordered in the virtual communication. In addition, the newly invented technologies, mobile phones, resort people to adopt sedentary lifestyles because they spend the rest of the time to surf internet and play online games. A result shows that in Indonesia, most inhabitants use internet more than 10 hours a day in terms of entertainment as a source of amusement. Obviously, this activity causes some illness such as myopia and obesity. The innovation of some sophisticated technologies forces the reconstruction of technological infrastructure to support the availability of networking. In some developing countries, signal is the common problem that happens in some remote areas. In fact, the active users who live in radius 10 km from the cell-phone tower are difficult to gain strong signal. Consequently, the telecommunication service providers must concern to solve this problem. On the other hand, mobile phones are the useful devices to communicate and do some tasks. Many students who study abroad rely on cell-phones to keep in touch with their family and friends in their home countries. In addition, utilizing of mobile phones makes life much more convenient as businessmen can send email anywhere and anytime that only requires internet connection. Moreover, some applications can spoil users in the terrible situation. For instance, in traffic congestion, music is the best companion to release stress so that people will need mobile phone to play some songs which are stored in the internal memory. In conclusion, there are negative effects of mobile phones that can interrupt humans' lives in social, medical and technical problems. Despite its drawbacks, mobile phones provide the flexibility in term of communication. Where possible, to avoid those problems, people should pay more attention to their circumstances to mitigate problems. *Help this candidate in the IELTS Test by commenting below on their Mobile Phone Essay. Click here to post comments Return to IELTS Essay Feedback Forum. Mobile Phones and Children The dangers and complexities of the modern world have made the mobile phone an absolute necessity for children.*Is this a good essay? You can comment below on this Mobile Phone Essay. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Last years have witnessed an increase in the number of threats and problems that unusually endangered children. In spite of being convinced that mobile phone might serve securing the child, I don't think it is an absolute importance. To start with the troublesome situations that might face the child to see how mobile phone could help him. First of all, threats that might endanger the child; kidnapping trials: the child could talk to his parents, or call for the police using his own portable phone, or falling in an emergency situation, like diabetic coma or asthmatic attacks Or getting wounded in the street he could also call his parents or ambulance. Second, complexities, that might be encountered these days, are for instance; getting lost while going school or home alone in this case making a call to his parents seeking help is very beneficial. Some new mobiles has many beneficial applications like maps, how to make fast foods in the absence of working parents, these apps would give a hand to children. To sum up, while complicated and threatening situations facing the child these days are rising, and mobile phones helpful applications and uses are increasing, I don't think that it is a must to give every child a mobile phone. As, this also, has its drawbacks on children, and not every family is leaving her child to face these problems alone. Mobile Phones and Children can someone please proof read my answer to: The dangers and complexities of the modern world have made the mobile phone an absolute necessity for children. To what extent do you agree or disagree? The ever chan
Producing energy to power the modern global economy is a dirty and dangerous business. Drilling for oil several miles below the surface of the sea involves staggering engineering challenges. Bringing up coal from deep underground puts miners’ lives at risk. Nuclear energy catast	Producing energy to power the modern global economy is a dirty and dangerous business. Drilling for oil several miles below the surface of the sea involves staggering engineering challenges. Bringing up coal from deep underground puts miners’ lives at risk. Nuclear energy catastrophes, though rare, can lead to hellish, unlivable zones. And Mother Nature’s wrath can wreak havoc by knocking energy supplies offline. Below is a list of 10 massive disasters that were either a result of something gone terribly wrong during energy production, or that resulted in millions of people losing access to energy. 1. Hurricane Katrina (2005). The damage caused by Hurricane Katrina made it the costliest storm in American history. At least 1,833 people died. The storm knocked 95 percent of the Gulf Coast’s oil production offline; In total, some 113 oil platforms were destroyed, 457 pipelines damaged, and at least 741,000 gallons of oil were spilled. 2. Fukushima (2011). The March 11, 2011 tsunami was unprecedented in Japanese history. The tsunami left 15,000 to 20,000 people dead or missing. It also destroyed the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, triggering explosions and the meltdown of three of the plant’s six reactors. In aftermath of the disaster, Japan shuttered 48 nuclear reactors, which amounted to nearly one-fifth of the country’s electricity capacity. The country is still struggling to make up for the lost power. 3. BP Deepwater Horizon (2010). The fiery explosion of the Macondo well and offshore oil rig owned by BP left 11 people dead and spilled millions of gallons of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. BP is still paying costs related to the catastrophe, which could total $42.5 billion. As a result of the disaster, then Secretary of Interior Ken Salazar issued a six-month oil drilling moratorium on the entire Gulf. The devastating environmental impact is still being evaluated. 4. Chernobyl (1986). The 1986 nuclear meltdown of the Chernobyl power plant -- in what was then the Soviet Union and is now Ukraine -- was the worst commercial nuclear incident in history. The explosion released radioactive material that blew over much of Eastern Europe. Some 32 people died directly from the incident, and thousands have suffered health problems believed to be caused by the meltdown. As of 2002, more than 4,000 cases of thyroid cancer had been documented in children who lived near the disaster zone, with most cases linked to exposure to radioactivity. 5. Burning Kuwait Oil Fields (1991). During the 1990-91 Gulf War, retreating Iraqi troops set fire to Kuwaiti oil fields as part of Saddam Hussein’s strategy to slow down advancing American troops. A total of 605 to 732 oil wells were set on fire, which caused an environmental nightmare and respiratory problems in people living throughout the region. An estimated 4 to 6 million barrels of oil burned per day for a period of months. Thick black smoke was visible from space as fires raged. 6. Farmington Mine Disaster, WV (1968). An explosion at the Consol No. 9 mine in Farmington, West Virginia on Nov. 20, 1968 was a seminal event for the U.S. coal industry. There were 99 miners inside mine when it exploded, and 21 escaped. Efforts to reach the remaining 78 miners were unsuccessful, and when all hope was lost, the mine was sealed to extinguish raging fires and prevent more explosions. While not the worst coal disaster in U.S. history, it led to major changes for miner safety, including the passage of the Federal Coal Miner Safety and Health Act of 1969, which put in place greater worker safety standards and required mine inspections. 7. India Power Blackout (2012). During the height of summer, the largest power blackout in history struck India. An estimated 670 million people – a staggering 10 percent of the world's population – were without power for about two days. Indian officials struggled to identify a single cause in the immediate aftermath. A combination of factors, including poor infrastructure, high demand, and mismanagement of electricity flows all contributed to the blackout, which stretched for 2,000 miles. 8. Benxi Coal Mining Explosion (1942). An explosion at a coal mine near Benxi in China’s northwest province of Liaoning in 1942 left more than 1,549 people dead. Mining conditions in Japanese-occupied China were horrendous, and workers suffered from disease, lack of food, and were brutalized by Japanese guards. Coal mining continues to be a highly deadly industry in China today, but the Benxi disaster stands out as the worst in coal mining history. 9. Exxon Valdez (1989). An Exxon oil tanker crashed into Bligh Reef on March 24, 1989 and unleashed 11 million gallons of crude oil into Alaska’s pristine Prince William Sound. Wildlife in the surrounding area was severely impacted -- oil-covered dead birds, fish, and mammals washed ashore. The incident spurred action by the U.S. Congress, which passed the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 the following year. 10. Lac-Megantic Train Explosion (2013). A train carrying crude oil derailed on July 6, 2013 in the town of Lac-Megantic, Quebec in Canada’s worst rail accident in more than a century. Train cars carrying crude broke free from their locomotive, rolled down hill and derailed, causing six massive explosions that killed 47 people. By Nick Cunningham of Oilprice.com More Top Reads
(a) In skeletal muscle the Ca+2 concentration is controlled by the SR (sarcoplasmic reticulum). At rest, the Ca+2 pump of the SR can maintain a concentration gradient of 0.5 mM inside SR	(a) In skeletal muscle the Ca+2 concentration is controlled by the SR (sarcoplasmic reticulum). At rest, the Ca+2 pump of the SR can maintain a concentration gradient of 0.5 mM inside SR / 0.1 µM cytoplasm (aka, outside the SR). How much energy is stored in this gradient; ignore the effects of charge. (b) The pump can be summarized by these two equations: 2 Ca+2 outside ---> 2 Ca+2 inside ATP ---> ADP + Pi Given the resting concentration of Ca+2 above and ATP= 2.5mM, ADP= 0.5 mM and Pi= 0.5 mM, how much energy is required to move the 2 Ca+2 ions into the SR per cycle and how much energy is released by
This is a article about a very readable new book by David Wootton, The Invention of Science. Copyright 2015. This book is a history of the Scientific Revolution in the present-day context of mistrust of all science. The	This is a article about a very readable new book by David Wootton, The Invention of Science. Copyright 2015. This book is a history of the Scientific Revolution in the present-day context of mistrust of all science. The book has been touted as “A groundbreaking examination of the greatest event in history, The Scientific Revolution, and how it came to change the way we understand ourselves and our world.” Basically the book is an explanation of why the Scientific Revolution was and is the most important thing that has ever happened to human beings. And I enthusiastically agree with this critique. Chapter 1: Modern Minds Wooten opens the book by explaining that the world is a lot younger than we think it is. He illustrates this by detailing some well known, but still surprising facts. Below is a bare list of these facts. There have been tool-making humans on Earth for around 2 million years. Homosapiens appeared about 200,000 years ago. Pottery dates back to 25,000 years ago. The Neolithic Revolution happened 12,000 to 7,000 years ago. This was the invention of agriculture, the use of domestic animals, and the invention of the first metal tools. Wooten say the Neolithic Revolution was the most important transformation in human history before the invention of science. Before the Neolithic Revolution there were almost 2 million years of not-much-happening in human history. Or at least very-slow-happening. After the massive changes of the neolithic revolution, the rate of change again slowed to almost a crawl. Humans began to leave written records behind them 6000 years ago. This was only 300 generations ago. This was really the beginning of what we call human history. And then 400 years ago the scientific revolution happened and the modern world we live in began. As Wooten says, the history of our modern world is extremely short compared to the two million years of human history that preceded it. Jorge Luis Borges said that for Shakespeare there were no huge differences between his own age and the Roman age. Shakespeare wrote plays set in ancient Rome containing anachronisms like chiming clocks and so forth. It never occurred to him that such things didn’t exist in Ancient Rome; or if it occurred to him it wasn’t important. He basically thought history didn’t exist, that Roman times were like his own times. He treats all his characters as if they were his contemporaries. He saw variety in types of men but not the variety of historical eras. But all this ended. By the middle of the 18th century Shakespeare’s sense of time was replaced by our own. Since that time we have believed that progress is inevitable and that an unstoppable process of transformation had begun. In ordet to give us a sense of the scale and speed of the Scientific Revolution, Wooten gives us another set of facts. What the world was like for an average educated European in 1600. His average man of 1600 is an Englishman, but he says, Europeans would have been pretty much the same. This list has been created from Wooten’s prose paragraph. The words are mostly Wooten’s and the whole list is enclosed in quote marks, even though the quotes are not quite exact. The typical well-educated English gentleman in 1600 “He believes in devils and devils agents. He believes in witches, werewolves, and Circe who really did turn Odysseus’s crew into pigs. He believes mice are spontaneously generated in straw. He believes in contemporary magicians like John Dee and Agripppa who whose black dog, Monsieur, was thought to have been a demon in disguise. He believes in doctors and astrologers who use magic to recover stolen goods. He believes that a murdered body will bleed in the presence of the murderer. He believes that there is an ointment which, if rubbed on a dagger which has caused a wound, will cure the wound. He believes that the shape, colour and texture of a plant can be a clue to how it will work as a medicine because God designed nature to be interpreted by mankind. He believes that it is possible to turn base metal into gold, although he doubts that anyone knows how to do it. He believes that the earth stands still and the sun and stars turn around the earth once every twenty-four hou
The humble resistor is a key component of many renewable energy systems. They are designed to resist electricity and can therefore be used to supply the correct voltage or a suitably limited current to the various components in an electric circuit. Because resistors are so	The humble resistor is a key component of many renewable energy systems. They are designed to resist electricity and can therefore be used to supply the correct voltage or a suitably limited current to the various components in an electric circuit. Because resistors are so small – too small to print numerical resistance values on – they are instead marked with four, five, or (less commonly) six coloured bands. Each colour represents a different number and so the value (in Ohms) of the resistor can easily be calculated. Resistor Colour Code Chart The last coloured band is usually used to indicate the tolerance – a measure of how accurate the stated resistance is, i.e. 1%, 2%, 5%, or 10%. In the case of six band resistors, is used to show the temperature coefficient – a measure of how much the resistance of a resistor is changed by changes in temperature. Remembering the Resistor Colour Code Values There are many mnemonic phrases to help you to remember the order of the colours: Black Brown Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Violet Gray White …which correspond to the values 0-9. For example: Bad Beer Rots Our Young Guts But Vodka Goes Well.
An Internet search engine developed specifically for schools by two UAH professors is being tested as a way to increase reading abilities in challenged students and help motivate intellectual development in gifted students, while saving schools money on textbooks. Complexity Engine has been awarded a $	An Internet search engine developed specifically for schools by two UAH professors is being tested as a way to increase reading abilities in challenged students and help motivate intellectual development in gifted students, while saving schools money on textbooks. Complexity Engine has been awarded a $10,000 development grant from the UAH Charger Innovation Fund and is in the final round of vying for an Alabama Launchpad grant. Launchpad is a program of the Economic Development Partnership of Alabama to promote, reward and increase the pipeline of high-growth, innovative ventures that have the potential to grow and thrive in the state. "We just have a host of features we want to roll out with Complexity Engine and that's why winning the Launchpad competition is essential," says developer Dr. Philip Kovacs, an associate professor of education who conceived the system and is collaborating with Dr. Ryan Weber, an assistant professor of English, to develop it. Tripp Roberts, a Georgia Institute of Technology computer science junior, collaborates to produce the necessary software. Complexity Engine uses a sophisticated algorithm to search websites for content and delivers free, customized and age-appropriate reading materials to a user's computer. It promises to give teachers, parents and students an efficient, affordable way to promote reading. Teachers and administrators can set parameters for the search results, and the reading experience can be either student self-directed or guided by the teacher.
Interesting Facts You Never Knew About Your Favorite Cartoons- Part 2 - A SPECIAL microphone, The Neumann TLM-170, was used to record Donald’s voice. - DONALD DUCK WON AN OSCAR for the	Interesting Facts You Never Knew About Your Favorite Cartoons- Part 2 - A SPECIAL microphone, The Neumann TLM-170, was used to record Donald’s voice. - DONALD DUCK WON AN OSCAR for the 1943 animated short Der Feuhrer’s Face, which was originally titled Donald Duck in NutziLand. - DONALD DUCK first appeared on the silver screen on June 9, 1934, in the animated short film, The Wise Little Hen. - WALT DISNEY said of the character: “One of the greatest satisfactions in our work here at the studio is the warm relationship that exists within our cartoon family. - Doraemon was manufactured on 3 September 1995 in Matsushiba Robot Factory. - Doraemon is the creation of Hiroshi Fujimoto and Motoo Abiko. The duo were known by their pen name Fujiko Fujio. - An estimated 4,500 gadgets have made their appearance in the thousands of comic books, cartoons and movies based on Doraemon - Doraemon’s original paint colour is yellow CHIP ‘n’ DALE - The classic voices of Chip ‘n’ Dale were mostly provided by Helen Silbert, Dessie Flynn/Dessie Miller, and James MacDonald. - Rescue Rangers and DuckTales were the first American cartoons to ever air in the then-Soviet Union. - The catchy, oh-so-eighties theme songs for Rescue Rangers and DuckTales were both penned by songwriter Mark Mueller. - The inspiration for the Rescue Rangers recognizable look was drawn from George Lucas’ globetrottin’ archaeologist Indiana Jones. WINNIE The POOH - While Disney maintained Pooh’s classic red shirt look, first introduced in 1932, critics complain that the company has changed the personality and stories too drastically. - The Pooh stories have broken many book records –even in foreign languages. - When the first A.A. Milne books came out, he was originally called Winnie-the-Pooh, but when Disney acquired the rights to animate the characters, they dropped the hyphen. - Winnie the Pooh may seem like a silly name for a bear, but it was the name of Christopher Robin Milne’s real teddy bear, so it became the name of the bear in the books as well. DID YOU KNOW The first cartoon character to appear on a postage stamp was Bugs Bunny but the first to have a statue erected in his honor was Popeye.
After a great warm up tonight where we had to work hard on our focus and concentration, we entered the world of The Tempest. We selected items from a box and decided which items represented aspects of the play. We had to work as a	After a great warm up tonight where we had to work hard on our focus and concentration, we entered the world of The Tempest. We selected items from a box and decided which items represented aspects of the play. We had to work as a team and provide our reasons. This was a great activity that made us think really hard about the setting, characters and their relationships. We then decided which vocabulary best described the play… What would yo
Our country’s political system—a representative government operated and maintained by citizens who are selected through regular elections that are open to all other qualified citizens—was designed by men of the 18th-century Enlightenment. These men held many views in common: the	Our country’s political system—a representative government operated and maintained by citizens who are selected through regular elections that are open to all other qualified citizens—was designed by men of the 18th-century Enlightenment. These men held many views in common: the importance of personal freedom, the necessity of personal rights and responsibilities, the tyranny of an unchecked majority, and the private nature of a person’s religious beliefs. One idea which would seem to underlie and bind all of these others, and yet is not much discussed, is that of personal honor.1 Personal honor is an old idea. Today, in movies and books, it is most often portrayed as a febrile touchiness, usually associated with the phrase “impugned my honor.” With that phrase, one gentleman asserts that another has said something scurrilous and implied that he is not of good character—having supposedly cheated at cards, insulted a lady, or committed some other social offense—and to relieve this stain upon his honor, the first gentleman challenges the second to a duel, at dawn, with swords or pistols, which will leave one of them dead and the other either exonerated or avenged.2 Personal honor in this sense implies bad temper, ill feeling, and a wasteful spillage of blood. My understanding of personal honor is much simpler: it is the collection of actions and courses to which a person has, either consciously or upon reflection, committed him- or herself. A person determines that he or she will always speak the truth, deal fairly with others, defend the young and the weak, pay off debts, keep honest books, offer courtesy to those who deserve it, or undertake some other commitment the person deems proper. Likewise, he or she will not lie, steal, break laws, pass rumors and idle gossip, damage another’s character or property through malice or carelessness, or—yes—cheat at cards or other games. Personal honor is the set of promises we make to ourselves. It is the watch our conscience sets upon our actions. Essential to this definition of personal honor is the notion of integrity. Related to the word “integral,” integrity implies a personal wholeness. One is a complete person, the same in all situations3 and guided by the same commitments and restraints, regardless of circumstances. A person who presents one face to the outside world, such as honest businessman and civic supporter, but acts differently in private, such as cheating on his wife and falsifying his tax returns, cannot be said to have integrity. New Age psychology and sociology aside, a person is not made up of independent cubbyholes which may be filled with whatever seems right in the current situation. We each of us have one face and one soul, if you will, and we need to keep it intact and clean. That face and that soul are what polite society considers to be a man’s or a woman’s character. Character is the reflection of personal honor in the eyes of others. Character is what leads one person to say of another such things as, “I know John [or Jane], and he [or she] would never …” and fill in your own selection of misdeeds. Character is the peek we have past the eyes, through the skin, and into the soul. Character is the internal image we carry of that other person, the map by which we project his or her actions and responses. Character is what we expect him or her to do or not do under any and all circumstances. In my view—and, I believe, in the view of those 18th-century gentlemen who designed it—in order to work, a representative democracy requires the participation of people who understand and possess a sense of personal honor. And they are needed not just for democracy to work well, but for it to work at all. Consider the people who run for office. All they can offer the electorate is their platform and their promises. These are nothing but words, written on paper and spoken on the wind, unless they are backed up by the candidate’s personal honor and sense of integrity. Voters may like what they see in the platform and what they hear of the promises, but they will always filter such words through their perceptions of the candidate’s character. A candidate who has lied in the past, who has participated in fraud, who says one thing to his or her supporters and another to the inner circle of the campaign—and then been found out in the lie, fraud, or deception—has nothing left to offer the public. He or she may give the people an ironical wink, may suggest that everyone lies and cheats, that all of this belongs to some notion of “the real world,” and that no one is guilty because we are all guilty at some undefined level of original sin. But it won’t wash—or it shouldn’t. And voters who care so much about the platform and the promises that they will ignore the character of the politician who mouths them will eventually be disappointed. The 20th century4 gave us the politics of the Big Lie. Deception became, in the words of Frank Herbert’s Dune, “a tool of statecraft.” Madison Avenue and the manipulation of public perceptions became a practiced art. Say something often enough, and people will come to believe it. They will slowly but inevitably replace what they know with the sometimes comforting, but more often angering or frightening, images and suggestions upon which the politician, the marketer, or the political party insists. This will all work for a while. A pleasing lie can usually beat out a hard-edged or uncomfortable truth—but only for a while. In the long run, a platform and promises founded on deception and lies will fall apart. In the long run, people’s common sense and the wisdom of crowds—containing the principle
Mary Geddy’s Day: A Colonial Girl in Williamsburg by Kate Waters, 1999. This book is part of a series of historical picture books. Mary Geddy was a real girl living in Williamsburg in 1776. In	Mary Geddy’s Day: A Colonial Girl in Williamsburg by Kate Waters, 1999. This book is part of a series of historical picture books. Mary Geddy was a real girl living in Williamsburg in 1776. In this book, she is reenacted by Emily Smith, a young interpreter at the Colonial Williamsburg living history museum. The story follows her through a single day in her life as it would have been typically experienced by girls around the beginning of the American Revolution (lessons, chores, shopping, and visiting with her friend) up until the moment when the vote for independence at the Fifth Virginia Convention was announced. Mary Geddy’s father was a silversmith, which put them in the middle class for the times. They had a comfortable house with a shop next door where Mr. Geddy sold his silver work. The Geddy family also had slaves to take care of household chores. At the beginning of the story, Mary knows that the Fifth Virginia Convention is voting on the subject of independence from Great Britain. Mary is concerned about the prospect of war, and she knows that if the vote is for independence, she will probably lose her best friend, Anne. Anne’s family are loyalists, and her family plans to return to England if the colonies decide to break away. All through the day, people are speculating and worrying about what is going to happen as they go through the typical routines of their day. Mary explains the clothing that colonial girls would wear as she gets dressed in the morning. Then, her mother sends her out to buy eggs at the market. Although she can see Anne there and hear some of the talk about what’s happening, Mary is kept at home for most of the rest of the day, practicing her sewing, learning to bake a pie with her mother, helping in the garden, and having her music lessons (she is learning to play the spinet). She envies her brothers, who are allowed to help their father in his shop and therefore able to hear more of the talk than she is. When they discover that the Convention voted for independence, there is celebrating in the streets, and Mary goes with her parents and brothers to see everything. Her little sister is afraid and stays at home with the slaves. Everyone is excited, but Mary is worried because she knows that her friend will leave and nothing will be the same again. Throughout the book, you can see that the slaves are always a part of the family’s activities. They do chores together, and when the family is not doing housework, the slaves are still working in the background. Having slaves didn’t mean that the family never had to do any chores themselves, but they had to do less of them, giving them time for other things, like music lessons and visiting with friends. When the celebrating starts, the boy slave, Christopher, who is about the age of the Geddy children, wants to go and see what is happening himself, but he has to stay and help look after the younger girl in the family. Although the slaves live as part of the household and seem to be on friendly terms with the Geddys (Mary speaks of them fondly, wishing that Christopher could join in the celebration and happy that Grace, the slave who mainly works in the kitchen as the cook, seems proud of her for learning to make a pie), they have no say in making decisions and are expected to follow the orders they are given, even when they don’t want to or larger events are taking place. In the back, there is more historical information about the period and the Geddy family. There are also instructions for making a lavender sachet like the kind Mary and her friend Anne make, and a recipe for apple pie that was used in Colonial Williamsburg, like the one that Mary learns to make in the story.
Using glucocorticoid steroids once a week instead of once a day to slow the progression of muscular dystrophy (MD) could prevent downsides of the treatment, including accelerated muscle wasting, a study reports. Researchers at the Feinberg School	Using glucocorticoid steroids once a week instead of once a day to slow the progression of muscular dystrophy (MD) could prevent downsides of the treatment, including accelerated muscle wasting, a study reports. Researchers at the Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University discovered that mice with Duchenne muscular dystrophy fared better taking steroids once a week instead of daily. They want to see if the same is true in humans. The study, “Intermittent glucocorticoid steroid dosing enhances muscle repair without eliciting muscle atrophy,” was published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation. Glucocorticoid steroids prolong the time until muscular dystrophy patients lose their ability to walk. But they have the paradoxical side effect of accelerating muscle breakdown when used long-term. Although once-a-day dosing is standard in long-term steroid use, children are sometimes treated once a week to reduce the therapy’s effect on their behavior, researchers noted. To test the idea that a once-a-week dose could work with adults, the team treated half of the Duchenne MD mice in their experiment daily and half weekly. They also performed the experiments in mice with acute muscle injury. Mice treated daily ran for a shorter time on a treadmill than controls. In contrast, those that received weekly doses ran longer. Muscle fiber types and sizes were different in the daily- and weekly-dosed animals, the researchers discovered. Tests of muscle mass and force showed a similar picture: Mice on weekly doses benefitted more from the treatment. Interestingly, researchers found no differences in heart muscle measurements between the daily- and weekly-dosed groups. The mice on both regimens performed equally well. To understand how differences in dosing interval translated to differences in treatment effectiveness, the research team studied molecular changes in the mice’s muscles. They noted that both daily and weekly dosing activated molecular pathways that improved muscle repair. But daily administration also triggered events linked to accelerated muscle breakdown. Weekly dosing actually reduced activity in some of the cell signaling pathways linked to muscle wasting. The researchers also found no differences in the glucocorticoids prednisone and deflazacort’s ability to foster muscle repair. In a press release, the researchers said studies are needed on whether the findings will apply to humans.
The term gun deck used to refer to a deck aboard a ship that was primarily used for the mounting of cannon to be fired in broadsides. However, on many smaller vessels such as frigates and unrated vessels, the upper deck	The term gun deck used to refer to a deck aboard a ship that was primarily used for the mounting of cannon to be fired in broadsides. However, on many smaller vessels such as frigates and unrated vessels, the upper deck, forecastle and quarterdeck bore all of the cannons but were not referred to as the gun deck. The completely covered level under the upper deck was, however, still called the gun deck although it had no guns at all. On board marine seismic survey vessels, the lowest deck on the ship is normally referred to as the gun deck. This deck carries the seismic source arrays, consisting of air guns arranged in clusters. The term "gun deck" is also navy slang for fabricating or falsifying something. Some say the origin of
Did you know that the simple act of replacing bearings or greasing an electric motor will directly impact the efficiency of your electric motor? Following the passing of EPAct 92 in the U.S., and similar energy initiatives around the globe, a significant	Did you know that the simple act of replacing bearings or greasing an electric motor will directly impact the efficiency of your electric motor? Following the passing of EPAct 92 in the U.S., and similar energy initiatives around the globe, a significant number of energy-efficiency projects were initiated relating to electric motor repair. The BC Hydro motor repair study, performed in 1993, covered 11 energy-efficient 20 hp electric motor models. One of each was held as a “standard” for dynamometer testing, and two more of each model were shorted and sent blind to various repair shops across a large geographical area. Findings from the BC Hydro study showed the lowest decrease in efficiency to be 0.5%, with the most significant being around a 4% loss of efficiency. The cause of the highest losses? Bearing replacement. An increase in friction and windage because contact sealed bearings were used resulted in an average loss of 3% of efficiency. This was a surprise as the researchers expected the most significant losses to be the result of core and I2R from rewinding. Instead, rewind losses accounted for an average of 1% per rewind, while mechanical problems resulted in much higher values. The solution? Use non-contact sealed bearings when such applications are required. Other areas that can increase friction loading include overgreasing and improper mechanical fits through repair. Your average electric motor (C3) bearing is not designed to be packed full of grease. In conditions where you see an increase in bearing temperature after greasing the bearings, you are identifying the lost efficiency (heat) due to increased friction. Through repair, improper mechanical fits—including the use of peening or fillers instead of proper machining practices—will also increase the friction in your bearings. The lesson? Follow proper greasing practices and ensure that your repair facility is performing quality machining. MT Howard Penrose is VP of Repair Services (Operations) for Dreisilker Electric Motors, Inc. (http://www.dreisilker.com) and editor-in-chief of the IEEE DEIS Web (http://www.ieee.org/go/deis). He is author of the Axiom Business Book Award-Winning Physical Asset Management for the Executive and the ForeWord Book of the Year Finalist, Electrical Motor Diagnostics: 2nd Edition.
Brain Prosthetics: A Chip to Restore Your Memory Join IEEE’s Spectrum’s Eliza Strickland in a riveting discussion with maverick biomedical engineer and neuroscientist, Dr. Ted Berger. Over two decades, Berger worked	Brain Prosthetics: A Chip to Restore Your Memory Join IEEE’s Spectrum’s Eliza Strickland in a riveting discussion with maverick biomedical engineer and neuroscientist, Dr. Ted Berger. Over two decades, Berger worked to crack the electrical code associated with the brain’s formation of memories. By electronically recording input and predicting output signals, Berger electronically replicated these signals to create “synthetic memory” in mice and primates with long-term memory damage
The Road To Freedom: an exhibition at Bronx Museum displaying collection of photos that were taken between 1956 - 1958 showing the struggles and aspirations of the civil rights at that time. In commemoration for the 40th anniversary of Dr	The Road To Freedom: an exhibition at Bronx Museum displaying collection of photos that were taken between 1956 - 1958 showing the struggles and aspirations of the civil rights at that time. In commemoration for the 40th anniversary of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr's assasination, this exhibition showcases key photographic events that includes Rosa Parks' refusal to surrender her seat aboard a Montgomery bus. Leonard Freed. Woman Kneeling with Sign During Demonstration, 1963. Belongs to High Museum Art, Atlanta. James Karales. Selma to Montgomery March, 1965. Belongs to High Museum Art, Atlanta. Morton Broffman. Dr. King and Coretta Scott King Marching, Montgomery, Alabama, 1965. Belongs to High Museum Art, Atlanta. Bob Adelman. Kelly Ingram Park, Birmingham, 1963.
Many people believe the myth that dogs see only in black and white. While dogs can see colors, they don't see them as people do. There are other differences between what a dog sees and what humans see. For example, dogs have better	Many people believe the myth that dogs see only in black and white. While dogs can see colors, they don't see them as people do. There are other differences between what a dog sees and what humans see. For example, dogs have better peripheral vision because their eyes are set farther apart. But that means their central vision, where both eyes are needed to focus on an object, isn't as good. Dogs typically have 20/75 vision. What a Puppy Sees A puppy's eyes don't open until eight to 14 days after birth. They start to see and have fully functional eyes between three and five weeks after birth. It takes infants longer to have fully functional eyesight. For the first three months, infants see only blurry shapes and have about 20/200 vision. It takes about three months for a baby to see faces and other objects. How Dogs Perceive Colors Dogs perceive colors differently from people. People have three cone cells, which allow color vision, whereas dogs have only two cone cells. Dogs don't see the full range of colors that people see. The biggest difference is that dogs don't see red and green. They mainly see shades of blue and yellow. People who are colorblind also have two cone cells, and what they see is similar to what a dog sees. Red-green colorblindness in people is more common than blue-yellow colorblindness. Visual Advantage of Sight Hounds Sight hounds are in the American Kennel Club's Hound Group. These dogs pursue prey by watching it. Sight hound breeds include the following: - Afghan hound - Italian greyhound - Irish wolfhound All dogs have more rods than humans do, which are light- and motion-sensitive cells. The increased rods help dogs see better in semi-darkness or twilight. What Catches a Dog's Eye There's a joke that began from the film "Up." When people are distracted easily, people say, "Squirrel!" The joke is funny because squirrels often catch a dog's eye, distracting the dog from what he was doing. But dogs aren't reacting to how they see the squirrel. Squirrels generally blend into the background, making them difficult to spot. Because of the rods in their eyes, dogs react to the sudden movement typical to squirrels. Dogs can detect this movement from half a mile away. Dogs can detect any small movement, not just squirrels. This makes dogs useful as hunters and guards. - Service Dog Central: How Well Do Dogs See? - Austintexas.gov: Nursing Mothers and Their Puppies - KidsHealth: The Senses and Your 1- to 3-Month-Old - The Washington Post: How a Dog Sees a Rainbow, and 12 Other Images that Explain How We See Color - Couto Veterinary Consultants: Are Sighthounds Really Dogs? - Animal Planet: Can Dogs See in the Dark? - Mother Nature Network: How Does a Dog See the World? - Photo Credit Angela Jacquin Photography/iStock/Getty Images Stray Dog Behavior Homeless or stray dogs either have been separated from or abandoned by their owners, or are feral animals that have had limited... How Dogs Relate to Spirit Activity You’ve probably had that experience, the one where your dog is lying quietly one minute and up and alert the next. Sometimes... How Often Should a Dog Visit the Vet? How often you bring your dog to the veterinarian's office depends on your dog's stage of life, whether she's pregnant and whether... Do Dogs See Only in Black & White? If you suspect that your dog can distinguish certain colors, you're correct. The canine world isn't just shades of gray, but not... How to Tell if Your Dog Has Cataracts If your dog has cataracts, you might observe symptoms such as squinting and evidence of vision loss. Cataracts, common lens irregularities caused... How to See If a Dog Has a Microchip Losing a dog is a devastating experience for a loving pet owner. If you find a lost dog wandering your neighborhood, the... How Much Do Dog Owners Make for Commercials? Dogs are often found in television commercials, either to sell a dog-related product or as an extra in the background. These dogs... Do Dogs See Ghosts or Paranormal Spirits? There's no scientific proof that ghosts exist, but anecdotal evidence supports spirits dwelling among us. The family dog who senses paranormal activity... How Can a Dog Find Its Way Home? A review of some of the theories regarding a dog's ability to find his way home, and how dogs and humans communicate.
The Panama Canal was quite an undertaking of labor and engineering, and by the time it was completed on August 15th, 1914 the project had been underway (in some form) for well over two decades. Along the way, over	The Panama Canal was quite an undertaking of labor and engineering, and by the time it was completed on August 15th, 1914 the project had been underway (in some form) for well over two decades. Along the way, over 55,000 workers had been involved, 5,000 people had died during the project's duration, and over 350 million dollars had been spent. This riveting documentary looks at the history of this project, and visitors can watch the entire program here. The extra features provided here are real treats, and they can be found on the left-hand side of the page. Here visitors will find an interactive map of the Panama Canal region, along with a timeline, and an interview with the program's producer, Amanda Pollak. Also, the site includes articles on yellow fever, the workers, and the chief engineers of the Canal. Primary resources such as part of the canal record of 1907, suggestions for further reading, and teacher resources round out the site. [KMG] >From The Scout Report, Copyright Internet Scout 1994-2011.
1. Never use anything but commercially available black powder in a muzzleloading weapon. Muzzleloading barrels are made of a softer steel than modern breech loading barrels, and smokeless powders will cause a barrel designed for black powder to explode!	1. Never use anything but commercially available black powder in a muzzleloading weapon. Muzzleloading barrels are made of a softer steel than modern breech loading barrels, and smokeless powders will cause a barrel designed for black powder to explode! 2. Never point the muzzle toward yourself or anyone else even if you think the gun is unloaded. The muzzle should be pointed up, or down range at all times. 3. Make sure that your weapon is in firing condition before you load it. If there is any doubt, have it checked by an experienced gunsmith. 4. Although impractical when hunting, running a lubricated patch down the bore between shots will improve both accuracy and safety. It should extinguish any smoldering embers that might ignite the next charge. 5. When loading or carrying loaded flintlocks, you should keep a leather cover on the frizzen to prevent accidental ignition. This is necessary because even an unprimed flintlock can discharge from an accidental frizzen strike. 6. Be certain of the safe load for your gun. a. It is recommended that you start with a load of 1 grain per caliber, ex. 40 caliber – 40 grains, and work your load up (or down) from there. If you must exceed a load of 1.5 grains per caliber, do so with great caution; and never exceed 2 grains per caliber in a traditional muzzleloading weapon. If you think you need to shoot 100 grains or more for hunting deer, remember that the original longhunters frequently shot loads in the range of 35-40 grains and they hunted for a living. There is generally a high and a low load that will give you the same group. There is no reason to unnecessarily punish yourself and stress the barrel and breech plug. b. It is recommended that FFFG black powder be used in barrels below 45 caliber. For barrels 45 caliber and larger, FFG black powder should be used. c. It is recommended that you use a pure lead, round ball,.005” smaller than the bore of your gun. That should be coupled with a.015”-.020” lubricated ticking patch. This is a tight load and will require wiping after a couple of shots to ram the load down. You should wipe between shots for best accuracy. It is not recommended that conical bullets be used in your traditional muzzleloading weapon unless the barrel was specifically designed to shoot conicals. 7. Assume that the gun can discharge at any time, including during loading. Never lean over the muzzle or point the muzzle at anyone else during loading. As much as possible, pour in the charge, position the patch and bullet, and handle the ball starter and ramrod from the side of the muzzle keeping your fingers and palm clear of the path of the bullet, ball starter, or ramrod if the charge were to prematurely ignite. Now, you will have to put one or both hands over the muzzle when you start a tight load with the ball starter. This cannot be avoided, but minimize the time your hands are in front of the muzzle. When loading, shooting or working on your weapon at the range, keep the muzzle pointed down range or in another safe direction at all times. 8. Make sure that the ball is firmly seated on the charge without crushing the powder. Failure to do this, called short starting, is the most common cause of catastrophic barrel failure. If you are lucky, the barrel will just bulge or split. If it shatters, severe injury and even death may result to yourself and bystanders. You should mark the empty and loaded levels on your ramrod so that you know when you have a charge in the barrel and if the ball
Re-Rock The Youth Vote Ever since younger Americans were granted the vote in 1972, voter turnout among those 25 and under has dropped at a much faster rate than among the overall population. In fact, 52 percent of that	Re-Rock The Youth Vote Ever since younger Americans were granted the vote in 1972, voter turnout among those 25 and under has dropped at a much faster rate than among the overall population. In fact, 52 percent of that age group voted in 1972; only 37 percent in the 2000 elections. Those between 18 and 30 represent a big voting block in the US - 25 percent of the electorate. Think of the difference in policymaking those voting young people could generate: Instead of a prescription-drug benefit, politicians might pay more attention to the soaring costs of college. Oddly, though, when it comes to civic participation other than voting, young people perform admirably as activists of all stripes, according to a newly released Carnegie Corporation study. They volunteer in record numbers and take on many causes. Explaining the disparity between such vibrant civic participation and not voting isn't easy, but two big factors, experts say, are a general decline in teaching civics, and politicians ignoring the youth vote. In many schools, civics classes have been relegated to a senior-year elective, not a core requirement. But there's a twist: Many schools that have reinvigorated civics classes are finding ways to show students how they can make a difference. Last week, Sen. Lamar Alexander (R) of Tennessee, a former US education secretary, introduced a bill calling for more civics education. That's an idea worth pursuing. Unfortunately, candidates don't focus on young people because they know most don't vote. In fact, 64 percent of TV campaign ads in the last presidential election were placed in shows viewed by older adults, compared to 14 percent for younger audiences. Studies show young people tend to vote for more-independent candidates, such as Ross Perot (youth turnout was up in the 1992 election involving him), John McCain, Bill Bradley, and Ralph Nader. Those candidates avoided highly personal, negative ads. They also were seen as outside the political "norm." Could there be a lesson here? "They're [youth voters] rejecting traditional political processes as a way to achieve social and political change," says Alison Fields, creative director of Rock the Vote and principal author of the Carnegie study. At the same time, young people must recognize voting as fundamental to democracy and insist that candidates listen to their concerns.
It is located twice as far from the Sun as the Saturn which is the closest planet in from Saturn. Uranus is a gas giant with a possible rocky core but surrounding core is an extremely hostile gassy atmosphere, one in which it would be	It is located twice as far from the Sun as the Saturn which is the closest planet in from Saturn. Uranus is a gas giant with a possible rocky core but surrounding core is an extremely hostile gassy atmosphere, one in which it would be a struggle to get anything into to investigate. The first time Uranus was visited by a space probe was in 1986 by the Voyager 2 space probe which flew past on its way out of the solar system. Whilst all the gas giants have a ring, Saturn has the most prominent rings followed by Uranus. It was not until 1977 that the rings were discovered when astronomers were observing the planet crossing the path of a star. The astronomers noticed the star blinked before Uranus has blocked the star, thus they realised the blinking was caused by the planet having rings. Uranus is unique amongst all the planets in The Solar System in that it rotates on its side. This is probably caused by a collision with another body that knocked it on its side. Whereas on Earth, the planet rotates east to west, the planet rotates south to north in comparison to our own planet. The planet was the first to be discovered since ancient times, everyone believed that the solar system stopped at Saturn. The planet was discovered by Sir William Herschel, a German Born Astronomer who moved to United Kingdom and discovered Uranus. The planet was discovered on March 13th, 1781 by Herschel using a telescope because it was far it couldn`t easily be spotted by the naked eye which the other planets had been discovered. Herschel had wanted to called it George`s Star but that got overruled and became Uranus. The choice of Uranus was because Saturn was the father of Jupiter and so to follow on, Uranus is the father of the Greek God Saturn. The planets name became the inspiration for the newly discovered element Uranium. \|Position from Sun\|\|7 A.U.\| \|Meaning\|\|Father of Saturn\| \|Volumetric Mean Radius\|\|25362\| \|Orbital Period\|\|30,685.4 Days\| \|Length of Day\|\|17.24\| \|Distance from the Sun\|\|2872500000.0km from the Sun.\| \|Orbit Escape Velocity\|\|21.3\| \|Atmosphere\|\|Molecular hydrogen (H2) - 82.5% (3.3%); Helium (He) - 15.2% (3.3%), Methane (CH4) - ~2.3%\n\| \|Ariel\|\|24 October 1851\|\|1,199,459.64 km\| \|Belinda\|\|13 January 1986\|\|473,123.85 km\| \|Caliban\|\|6 September 1997\|\|45,059,071.93 km\| \|Cressida\|\|9 January 1986\|\|388,300.84 km\| \|Cupid\|\|25 August 2003\|\|467,418.52 km\| \|Desdemona\|\|13 January 1986\|\|393,955.72 km\| \|Francisco\|\|13 August 2001\|\|26,791,931.29 km\| \|Mab\|\|25 August 2003\|\|614,092.44 km\| \|Magaret\|\|29 August 2003\|\|77,591,859.82 km\| \|Miranda\|\|16 February 1948\|\|816,185.43 km\| \|Perdita\|\|18 May 1999 (verified in Voyager 2 images dating back to January 18, 1986)\|\|480,126.02 km\| \|Prospero\|\|18 July 1999\|\|97,014,053.99 km\| \|Setebos\|\|13 August 2001\|\|123,084,701.12 km\| \|Stephano\|\|18 July 1999\|\|49,670,195.34 km\| \|Sycorax\|\|6 September 1997\|\|71,012,648.50 km\| \|Trinculo\|\|13 August 2001\|\|52,790,725.03 km\|
Asking to Play Integration Specialist – Tania Kraus There are many kids who play outside at recess. I can choose to play by myself at recess, or I can ask a friend to play. Sometimes I just like to swing by	Asking to Play Integration Specialist – Tania Kraus There are many kids who play outside at recess. I can choose to play by myself at recess, or I can ask a friend to play. Sometimes I just like to swing by myself. Sometimes I like to go down the slide by myself. That is okay. When I want to play hopscotch, I may ask a friend to play with me. I say, “Do you want to play hopscotch with me?” My friend may say, “Yes,” and we will play hopscotch together. My friend may say, “No, I want to play tetherball.” That is okay. I can ask another friend to play hopscotch. If I follow the rules when I play, friends will like to play with me. If I don’t know the rules, I can ask my friends to teach me. That is okay. If I am friendly and polite when I play, friends will like to play with me. Playing with friends is fun. Here are my hopscotch rules to follow: 1. Two to five children may play. 2. Toss a beanbag or rock onto the first number. 3. Hop on one foot through all of the number spaces that do not have a beanbag or rock. 4. At the end of the hopscotch, turn around. 5. Hop on one foot back through all of the number spaces that do not have a beanbag or rock. 6. Pick up your beanbag or rock on the way back. 7. Keep going until your foot touches the line or you have to put your other foot down. 8. Then it is the next child’s turn.
Post-mortem report for Charles Babbage (1791-1871), the pioneer of machine computing, 1871. Babbage was a computer pioneer, inventor, reformer, mathematician, philosopher and political economist. His 'Analytical	Post-mortem report for Charles Babbage (1791-1871), the pioneer of machine computing, 1871. Babbage was a computer pioneer, inventor, reformer, mathematician, philosopher and political economist. His 'Analytical Engine' of 1834 was the first calculating engine designed along modern lines, and it is for this that he widely considered to be the 'father' of computing. One of six pages. © Science Museum / Science & Society Picture Library
[My Chamber of Textile Thoughts. No: XLIV \| By Viveka Hansen] A number of years ago I published three articles in the year book Elbogen about textile trades and material culture of the Malmö area in southernmost Sweden	[My Chamber of Textile Thoughts. No: XLIV \| By Viveka Hansen] A number of years ago I published three articles in the year book Elbogen about textile trades and material culture of the Malmö area in southernmost Sweden – stretching from the earliest settlements up to the 20th century. My aim with this new series of “Textile Thoughts” is to translate parts of these texts into English, and put its local historical events into a wider European perspective with additional discussions and images. This first part introducing the Stone Age period and continuing into the Nordic Bronze Age (1800 to 500BC) – a time when skin garments went through refinement simultaneously with the early development of woven woollen fabrics and plaiting techniques. - Notice: Place names in italic are geographical areas, today within or very closely situated to the city of Malmö. The earliest settlement from the Malmö area is approximately 11000 years old, known from archeologically excavated flint implements used by the hunters in their daily life. For the development during the continuing period of the Stone Age (9000-4000BC) it can be concluded that an increasing number of skins from reindeer, brown bear, moose, boar, red deer and other mammals were in use for various needs. These skins – not preserved today – were worked with scraping implements and bone awls. From the proceeding historical period (4000-1800BC) even larger quantities of these kinds of tools have been found, which imply a growing population. The garments produced were further refined with the help of finer awls, used for making holes where tendons could form a seam with a bone needle. The various clothes of skin and fur now had the possibility to get an improved fit and becoming more comfortable as well as warmer for the wearer. At the end of this period, archeological excavations reveal that the population came to be more settled and started keeping domestic animals. The sheep in particular are believed to have been of importance for the textile development – even if wool had not been found – but on the other hand spindle whorls used for spinning fibres are among the findings. If weaving techniques were known in the area at this time is uncertain, so the twisted fibres (probably wool) could most likely have been used for various plaits. From a textile point of view brooches and pins in bronze or silver is an important category of finds from the Malmö area, objects that may have been used for fastening or as decorations for clothing made from both woven fabrics and skins. Bronze awls have also been unearthed – as burial gifts in male as well as female graves – during excavations at Bulltofta. This may indicate that both sexes were involved in the production of clothes, or alternatively that the awls had other areas of use. Another tool used for sewing or embellishing garments was the needle, found in bronze and bone, from settlements in Fosie and Skrävlinge. The area is believed to have had a lively trade and a net of contacts stretching through middle men from various places in Europe, due to influences of styles on bronze, pottery and stone objects/implements. The collected knowledge from excavations make us understand that the population increased considerably, not only because of the larger number of excavated finds, but also as the settlers lived in larger houses situated closer to each other than previously. From these communities woven fabrics also seem to have been more and more common, proved by found loom-weights of fired clay from Sallerup, Fosie and Svågertorp. These loom-weights were once part of the so-called “opstagogn” or upright loom, initially where plain woven fabrics were produced (see images 2 & 3). Additionally spindle whorls of clay and bronze dating from the Bronze Age, have been found in other parts of Skåne in southernmost Sweden. The Danish bog finds complete garments in brownish wool – the best preserved burial find dating from this period is described below – also gives us clues to that neither wool, yarn or the ready-made cloths were dyed at this time in the Nordic area. The only items of textile/leather from the Malmö area which can be dated to the Bronze age period was excavated from a grave-field at Kristineberg. The archeologist Lena Hejll described the fragmented find as consisting of; two small pieces of s-twisted single yarn, whereof one of the pieces is attached to a small piece of leather or felted wool. The fact that the yarn was spun, point in a direction to that spindle whorls were used for spinning yarn in the area. At the same time as felted wool probably may have been a technique used for making garments denser and warmer, while the piece of leather in combination with the many excavated skin scrapers are proof for that leather/skin/fur still were important materials for the population’s
Orpheus went down to the lower world and by his music softened the heart of Pluto and Persephone, who allowed Eurydice to return with him to earth. In his anxiety he broke his promise, and Eurydice vanished again	Orpheus went down to the lower world and by his music softened the heart of Pluto and Persephone, who allowed Eurydice to return with him to earth. In his anxiety he broke his promise, and Eurydice vanished again from his sight. In 1864 he exhibited "Dante in Exile" (the greatest of his Italia
South Georgia is usually grouped together with the South Sandwich Islands. They are located in the South Atlantic Ocean, off the tail end of South America. This grouping of islands is mostly rugged and barren, made up of impressive mountains rising out of the sea	South Georgia is usually grouped together with the South Sandwich Islands. They are located in the South Atlantic Ocean, off the tail end of South America. This grouping of islands is mostly rugged and barren, made up of impressive mountains rising out of the sea. The highest peak reaches to over 9,000 feet. Silent glaciers carve the gorges separating the peaks. South Georgia lies 864 miles east of the Falkland Islands. It encompasses the large island of South Georgia itself and small outlying islands as well. The South Sandwich Islands are made up of 11 volcanic islands that form an arc southeast of South Georgia. These island groups are a great place to stop on an Antarctic cruise to view some wildlife undisturbed by human presence. Want to Go?
Most people I work with in medicine have never heard of GitHub. For the unfamiliar, GitHub is an online repository, which is an essential tool used by computer programmers to store their programming code. It has a number of virtues, including giving users the	Most people I work with in medicine have never heard of GitHub. For the unfamiliar, GitHub is an online repository, which is an essential tool used by computer programmers to store their programming code. It has a number of virtues, including giving users the ability to track multiple versions of their code (sort of like remembering all the track changes you ever made to your word document). This is an essential tool for programmers but its value goes beyond its function as a track changes repository, as it is a site that facilitates open source collaboration, given its “social” features, similar to social networks like Facebook or Twitter, in which you follow the content of others or others follow you. The most amazing thing about GitHub is that many users post their code (their work, their blood, sweat, and tears) publicly on their GitHub profile. Individuals will comment on others code, providing valuable input that the owner of the code can use to improve their work. In addition, can “fork” another person’s code repository, and work directly on the code in their own Github profile to make changes or improvements, sort of like a tag team collaboration. GitHub is the tool to help facilitate large-scale open source collaboration for the software/web programming world (such as that which lead to the Linux revolution). By early 2012 there were apparently 1.2 million users hosting over 3.6 million repositories. Now that’s collaboration to scale! So again, you may ask, why should physicians or medical researchers care about GitHub? Because it can have broader application beyond the software/web programming world, as shown by its use among non programmers, who are currently repurposing Github to advance collaborate in their own respective fields. They are posting book projects and transcripts of talks on the site, to encourage conversation and collaboration. One user even published his personal DNA information to encourage development of open-source DNA analysis. It has been suggested that Github could even be used by US citizens to “fork” the law so that they can propose their own amendments to their elected officials. How might we use Github to democratize the world of medical research? As researchers we do so many different activities that we perform in isolation, which forces us to “reinvent the wheel” constantly, from drafting of ethics board applications, to creation of research protocols, to the writing of snippets of statistical code or code for web programs. We usually share this experience and knowledge in a piecemeal way to just a few individuals who we happen to see on a daily basis. If we could share all of this information more openly and widely with the community, we could reduce work that is menial and duplicative, which would enable us to accelerate research in much more meaningful ways. I recognize that not everything we do can be shared online because of health privacy laws (the Health Information Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)), but there is so much information that we can share, not only in academia but in industry as well, to facilitate large-scale collaboration towards a common purpose of making a difference in the lives of individuals suffering from disease. So I have opened my own GitHub account, and I have posted my first project. I have also created part one of a “how to” slideshow about github for non-programmers, who want to dive in to the open source movement. I hope that this represents just the first of many resources and tools and ideas that I might share with the larger community to inspire open-source collaboration in our academic world. PS. I want to give special thanks to Ben West for sharing with me his passion for open-source collaboration, introducing me to Eric Raymond’s book, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, and showing me the possibilities of Github. Joyce Lee, MD is a pediatrician, diabetes specialist, and Associate Professor at the University of Michigan. She is currently on sabbatical at Stanford University through the Center for Health Policy. She blogs about design and healthcare at joycelee.tumblr.com, where this post originally appeared.
The Eastern Forests Complex in Afghanistan runs from the border of Badakhshan in the north down to Paktika Province in the southeast of Afghanistan and contains some of the last remaining temperate coniferous forest in the Greater Himalayan mountain chain	The Eastern Forests Complex in Afghanistan runs from the border of Badakhshan in the north down to Paktika Province in the southeast of Afghanistan and contains some of the last remaining temperate coniferous forest in the Greater Himalayan mountain chain. Tree cover, including both mixed oak and coniferous forests, tends naturally to be more continuous in this eastern region where precipitation is higher and less erratic than elsewhere in Afghanistan due to being on the edge of the Indian subcontinent monsoon. This habitat is so important to the world’s biodiversity index that it is now considered a Global 200 Ecoregion and is referred to as the Western Himalayan Temperate Forest. It is impressive in its biodiversity, including populations of snow leopards (Uncia uncia), at least five other wild cat species including Persian leopards (Panthera pardus),jungle cats (Felis chaus), Himalayan lynx (Lynx lynx), leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis) and Pallas’ cats (Otocolobus manul), jackals (Canisaureus), crested porcupines (Hystrix indica), yellow-throated martens (Martesflavigula), Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus), wild boars (Sus scrofa) and a host of ungulate species such as Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica), markhor(Capra falconeri) and urial (Ovis orientalis). The entire eastern forests region is under tremendous pressure from deforestation. Trees are cut at unsustainable rates especially in the lower-lying oak forests, for fuel for homes and for domestic animal food. High-value timbers such as cedar are also cut to supply international markets. Additional demands on wildlife populations come from the heavy hunting levels for food and for the illegal wildlife trade in furs and other animal products. To begin determining the status of the region’s biodiversity and its apparent value to the country, WCS teams started the first biological surveys within eastern Afghanistan in over 30 years during 2006 (and the region’s first-ever winter survey). Survey techniques including basic identification of scats and tracks, mark-recapture sampling and small mammal trapping, fecal DNA analysis and the use of camera trap technology. The impressive collection of baseline data collected from the field sites along with remote sensing data have been used by the WCS GIS unit back in Kabul to detect changes in the forests within Nuristan and Kunar provinces, estimate rates of forest decline, classify remaining forest cover and identify particular areas of interest in terms of biodiversity. As well as helping to focus resources in terms of further wildlife and forest studies, information from the GIS analysis has been invaluable in demonstrating the link between the degradation in forest cover and political change over three decades. It has therefore helped to galvanize support from the current government for developing decisive policies in the areas of forestry and wildlife trade. In parallel to studies continuing in the east, WCS research teams back in Kabul started investigating the timber trade at the market end. The teams visited trading areas across Kabul and examined certain parameters such as species traded, the volumes involved, primary timber sources and market value. Further more, the impact from the demand in Kabul on wildlife products from the east was investigated by the WCS Wildlife Trade team, the results of which continue to assist policy makers in drafting appropriate wildlife protection legislation. This work has also helped to focus education efforts and training on combating this burgeoning trade in wildlife. WCS facilitated the formation of the Environment Shura in Nuristan which has since issued rules banning hunting in the Waygal Valley of Nuristan Province. Furthermore, community conservation outreach and consultation meetings have been developed by WCS in two key districts in central Nuristan.
SYNTHESIS OF HEXAMINE A. Schematic Diagram. Place 10 mL of 37% formaldehyde and 9 mL of ammonia into a round bottomed Evaporate the solution on a Rota vapor. During	SYNTHESIS OF HEXAMINE A. Schematic Diagram. Place 10 mL of 37% formaldehyde and 9 mL of ammonia into a round bottomed Evaporate the solution on a Rota vapor. During evaporation a white residue (urotropine) is formed. Add another portion a. Bar Magnet b. Disc Magnet c. Horse shoe An electroscope is an early scientific instrument that is used to de DE LA SALLE HEALTH SCIENCES INSTITUTE. (COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES AND SCIENCES) Ms. May Salansang Date:- July 23, 2016 INTRODUCTION :In this modern world, po SIDDHARTH B. PATEL Natural Stress Relief Remedies. This articles explains the positive effects of herbal medicine, which help us in maintaining the bodys normal balance. The main persistence of this experiment was to build an electromagnet and observe the different types of properties of it. For the first part of the experiment, 60 turns of wire were wound to the nail and then with the ON circuit CONCAVE MIRROR PROBLEM A spherical, concave shaving mirror has a radius of curvature of 32.0 cm. (a) What is the magnification of a persons face when it is 12.0 cm to the left of the vertex of the mirror? (b) Where is the image? Is the image real or virtu INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING PRESSURE a scientific instrument used in meteorology to measure atmospheric pressure. Pressure tendency can forecast short term changes in the weather. Numerous measurements of air pressure are used within surface wea
Just looking to buy this activity? Click here! Want to learn more? Read below! The start of the school year is the perfect time to introduce stations to your class. The beginning of the year is filled with tons of new procedures and rules	Just looking to buy this activity? Click here! Want to learn more? Read below! The start of the school year is the perfect time to introduce stations to your class. The beginning of the year is filled with tons of new procedures and rules, so why not incorporate teaching procedures for running stations at the same time. Stations can be a little involved. If you think about it, you are managing time, movement, student discussion and an assignment at the same time. If stations feel really forced, students are not going to enjoy them very much. By introducing stations with a fun, non-content related activity, students will pay more attention to the task at hand than the procedure they are learning. This is a good thing
A general surgeon is a medical professional who specializes in performing operations and procedures related to the abdominal organs such as the esophagus, stomach, liver, and pancreas along with the thyroid gland, skin, breast, traumas, hernias etc	A general surgeon is a medical professional who specializes in performing operations and procedures related to the abdominal organs such as the esophagus, stomach, liver, and pancreas along with the thyroid gland, skin, breast, traumas, hernias etc. WHEN SHOULD YOU CONSULT GENERAL SURGEON? A general surgeon can perform surgical operations on the breast, skin and soft tissues in the human body. WHAT IS THE ROLE OF GENERAL SURGEON? A general surgeon possesses good knowledge about wound healing, management of fluid and postoperative pain, usage of antibiotics, immunology etc. COMMON PROBLEMS YOU SHOULD SEE GENERAL SURGEON FOR A general surgeon has the ability to recognize and treat urgent problems related to gynecology. DID YOU KNOW? General surgeons are of fourteen different types including surgeons who deal with the surgery of jaws and the face, ear, nose and throat etc.
1919 Private Scholarly Institutes to Guide Government In its early years, Andrew Carnegie’s main foundation, the Carnegie Corporation, had a Republican board that was anxious to improve the quality of American governance without increasing the size of government. Toward this	1919 Private Scholarly Institutes to Guide Government In its early years, Andrew Carnegie’s main foundation, the Carnegie Corporation, had a Republican board that was anxious to improve the quality of American governance without increasing the size of government. Toward this end, the corporation began to make grants creating independent advisory groups that aimed to elevate the quality of information available to government officials. Beginning in 1919, Carnegie and allied funders set up a whole series of private research institutes and scientific councils that, as historian Ellen Lagemann puts it, “would be accessible to the federal government but not controlled by it.” The aim was to encourage an “associative state,” where experts supported by private philanthropy could improve the policymaking process and help solve national problems while preserving America’s traditionally limited sphere of government action. Carnegie and Rockefeller funds led this effort by establishing the National Research Council during World War I. It was tasked with helping solve important military problems by serving as a “department of invention and development.” Drawing on numerous scientists, the council brought the government many military advances, including nascent sonar systems for detecting submarines, intelligence tests used to classify army recruits, and range finders for airplanes. In 1919 the Carnegie Corporation donated $5 million to make the National Research Council a permanent adviser to government, under the wing of a revived National Academy of Sciences. A headquarters building and a permanent endowment were created with the Carnegie money, and today the NRC conducts hundreds of studies every year to guide and improve federal operations. Other donors followed this with similar efforts to capitalize private think tanks and advisory organizations with the aim of refining government policies and enhancing the performance of public agencies. Thanks to philanthropic money from Ford, Russell Sage, Rockefeller, Eastman, Rosenwald, and many others, independent organizations like the RAND Corporation, the Social Science Research Council, and the American Council of Learned Societies began to appear, elevating governance via better information. - Ellen Lagemann, The Politics of Knowledge: The Carnegie Corporation, Philanthropy, and Public Policy (University of Chicago Press, 1992)
"(...) adult education has a vital role to play, because it allows us to address gaps in primary education, (...) and it also enables us to establish fair and equal opportunities between countries and contintents, and also between individuals (...)" 774 million	"(...) adult education has a vital role to play, because it allows us to address gaps in primary education, (...) and it also enables us to establish fair and equal opportunities between countries and contintents, and also between individuals (...)" 774 million young people and adults cannot read or write, two-thirds of them are women (via).The Education for All (EFA) movement is a global commitment to provide quality basic education for all children, youth and adults. At the World Education Forum (Dakar, 2000), 164 governments pledged to achieve EFA and identified six goals to be met by 2015. Governments, development agencies, civil society and the private sector are working together to reach the EFA goals (literally via). photos by Alfred Eisenstaedt (1959) via and via
« back to encyclopedia search results A course root that is boiled and pounded to make bread and various other farinaceous dishes - and part of the staple diet in many tropical countries. There are bitter and sweet varieties (the latter sometimes known as	« back to encyclopedia search results A course root that is boiled and pounded to make bread and various other farinaceous dishes - and part of the staple diet in many tropical countries. There are bitter and sweet varieties (the latter sometimes known as Aipi) - over 150 species in all
Glossary of Poetic Terms An artistic philosophy that took hold in 1920s Paris and spread throughout the world in the decades that followed. André Breton outlined its aims in his Surrealist Manifesto (1924), affirming	Glossary of Poetic Terms An artistic philosophy that took hold in 1920s Paris and spread throughout the world in the decades that followed. André Breton outlined its aims in his Surrealist Manifesto (1924), affirming the supremacy of the “disinterested play of thought” and the “omnipotence of dreams” rather than reason and logic. Breton and his colleagues were inspired by Freudian psychoanalysis and its emphasis on the power of unconscious thought. Through “automatic writing” and hypnosis, artists could free their imaginations to reveal deeper truths. The French poets Charles Baudelaire, Arthur Rimbaud, Guillaume Apollinaire, and Pierre Reverdy embodied early surrealist principles, as did Peruvian poet César Vallejo. Surrealist practices were also used in the visual arts, particularly in the paintings of Max Ernst, Salvador Dali, Joan Miró, and René Magritte, and in the films of Jean Cocteau. A second generation of surrealist writers emerged in other parts of the world, especially in Latin America; see the poems of Pablo Neruda and Octavio Paz. The surrealist aesthetic has influenced modern and contemporary poets writing in English as well; James Tate, John Ashbery, and Michael Palmer are notable examples.
The mascot for Tufts University is “Jumbo,” an elephant that belonged to P T Barnum’s circus and was later displayed at Tufts’ Barnum Hall. Jumbo’s story is a great one. He was born in Africa and	The mascot for Tufts University is “Jumbo,” an elephant that belonged to P T Barnum’s circus and was later displayed at Tufts’ Barnum Hall. Jumbo’s story is a great one. He was born in Africa and was displayed at zoos in France and England before coming to America. He travelled with Barnum’s circus for many years and was tragically killed in a collision with a train in St. Thomas, Ontario in 1885. One story is that he saved the young elephant Tom Thumb in the collision but this is not proven by historical accounts. He was said to be the largest elephant in captivity and began the use of the word jumbo to mean large in size. Jumbos’ remains were split up: His skeleton went to the American Museum of Natural History in NY where it is today and the hide went to Tufts University. Barnum was a longtime benefactor and director at the college. It was long a favorite of the students hoping for good luck on exams or in sports. Coins would be placed in his trunk; it also appears he was a favorite with the ladies. One story at the Tufts athletics website states that University of Bridgeport made a push for the remains: In 1949, Jumbo's place at Tufts was threatened by the University of Bridgeport, who also wanted to claim the enormous pachyderm for its own mascot because Bridgeport had been home to Barnum and his circus. This challenge was based on the grounds that Barnum owned only half of Jumbo (with Bailey owning the other half), and he could only bequeath his half of the elephant to Tufts. [Tufts] President Leonard Carmichael answered Bridgeport's request by gracefully stating that since Tufts had been good stewards of Jumbo, the college had the right to choose which half of the elephant it wanted and naturally decided upon the front. Bridgeport declined to take Jumbo's rump, but as a gesture of goodwill Tufts gave the albino elephant that stood beside Jumbo to the Connecticut school.In 1975, Barnum Hall burned to the ground and Jumbo was destroyed. A bit of his tail was found and preserved and some ashes were placed in a can which is still kept by the athletics department. The best Jumbo story I found is in the Tufts University magazine: American heritage article: The Barnum museum in Bridgeport, Connecticut has a Jumbo exhibit There’s even a thorough blog on Jumbo: