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the satisfaction of the president,
governor and administrators final in
issuing ordinances.
7. Restored some of the powers of the
Supreme Court and high courts.
8. Replaced the term “internal
disturbance” by “armed rebellion” in
respect of national emergency.
9. Made the President to declare a
national emergency only on the
written recommendation of the
cabinet.
10. Made certain procedural safeguards
with respect to national emergency
and President’s rule.
Amendment Amended Provisions of the
Number and Constitution
Year
11. Deleted the right to property from the
list of Fundamental Rights and made
it only a legal right.
12. Provided that the fundamental rights
guaranteed by Articles 20 and 21
cannot be suspended during a
national emergency.
13. Omitted the provisions which took
away the power of the court to decide
the election disputes of the president,
the vice-president, the prime minister
and the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
Forty-Fifth Extended the reservation of seats for the
Amendment SCs and STs and special representation
Act, 1980 for the Anglo-Indians in the Lok Sabha
and the state legislative assemblies for a
further period of ten years (i.e., up to
1990).
Forty-Sixth 1. Enabled the states to plug loopholes
Amendment in the laws and realise sales tax
Act, 1982 dues.
2. Brought about some uniformity in tax
rates on certain items.
Forty-Seventh Included 14 land reforms Acts of various
Amendment Act, states in the Ninth Schedule.
1984
Forty-Eighth Facilitated the extension of President’s
Amendment rule in Punjab beyond one year without
Act, 1984 meeting the two special conditions for
such extension.
Amendment Amended Provisions of the
Number and Constitution
Year
Forty-Ninth Gave a constitutional sanctity to the
Amendment Autonomous District Council in Tripura.
Act, 1984
Fiftieth Empowered the Parliament to restrict the
Amendment Fundamental Rights of persons
Act, 1984 employed in intelligence organisations
and telecommunication systems set up
for the armed forces or intelligence
organisations.
Fifty-First Provided for reservation of seats in the
Amendment Lok Sabha for STs in Meghalaya,
Act, 1984 Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland and
Mizoram as well as in the Legislative
Assemblies of Meghalaya and Nagaland.
Fifty-Second Provided for disqualification of members
Amendment Act, of Parliament and state legislatures on
1985 (popularly the ground of defection and added a new
known as Anti- Tenth Schedule containing the details in
Defection Law) this regard.
Fifty-Third Made special provisions in respect of
Amendment Mizoram and fixed the strength of its
Act, 1986 Assembly at a minimum of 40 members.
Fifty-Fourth Increased the salaries of the Supreme
Amendment Court and high court judges and enabled
Act, 1986 the Parliament to change them in future
by an ordinary law.
Fifty-Fifth Made special provisions in respect of
Amendment Arunachal Pradesh and fixed the strength
Act, 1986 of its Assembly at a minimum of 30
members.
Amendment Amended Provisions of the
Number and Constitution
Year
Fifty-Sixth Fixed the strength of the Goa Legislative
Amendment Assembly at a minimum of 30 members.
Act, 1987
Fifty-Seventh Reserved seats for the STs in the
Amendment Act, legislative assemblies of the states of
1987 Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram
and Nagaland.
Fifty-Eighth Provided for an authoritative text of the
Amendment Constitution in hindi language and gave
Act, 1987 the same legal sanctity to the Hindi
version of the Constitution.
Fifty-Ninth 1. Facilitated the extension of
Amendment President’s Rule in Punjab up to
Act, 1988 three years.
2. Provided for the declaration of
national emergency in Punjab on the
ground of internal disturbance.
Increased the ceiling of taxes on
Sixtieth
professions, trades, callings and
Amendment Act,
employments from ‘250 per annum to
1988
‘2,500 per annum.
Sixty-First Reduced the voting age from 21 years to
Amendment 18 years for the Lok Sabha and state
Act, 1989 legislative assembly elections.
Extended the reservation of seats for the
SCs and STs and special representation
Sixty-Second
for the Anglo-Indians in the Lok Sabha
Amendment Act,
and the state legislative assemblies for
1989
the further period of ten years (i.e., up to
2000).
Amendment Amended Provisions of the
Number and Constitution
Year
Repealed the changes introduced by the
Sixty-Third 59th Amendment Act of 1988 in relation
Amendment to Punjab. In other words, Punjab was
Act, 1989 brought at par with the other states in
respect of emergency provisions.
Sixty-Fourth Facilitated the extension of the
Amendment President’s rule in Punjab upto a total
Act, 1990 period of three years and six months.
Sixty-Fifth Provided for the establishment of a multi-
Amendment member National Commission for SCs
Act, 1990 and STs in the place of a Special Officer
for SCs and STs.
Sixty-Sixth Included 55 more land reforms Acts of
Amendment various states in the Ninth Schedule.
Act, 1990
Sixty-Seventh Facilitated the extension of the
Amendment Act, President’s rule in Punjab up to a total
1990 period of four years.
Sixty-Eighth Facilitated the extension of the
Amendment President’s rule in Punjab up to a total
Act, 1991 period of five years.
Accorded a special status to the Union
Territory of Delhi by designing it as the
Sixty-Ninth National Capital Territory of Delhi. The
Amendment amendment also provided for the
Act, 1991 creation of a 70-member legislative
assembly and a 7-member council of
Amendment Amended Provisions of the
Number and Constitution
Year
Provided for the inclusion of the
members of the Legislative Assemblies
Seventieth
of National Capital Territory of Delhi and
Amendment
the Union Territory of Puducherry in the
Act, 1992
electoral college for the election of the
president.
Seventy-First Included konkani, manipuri and nepali
Amendment Act, languages in the Eight Schedule. With
1992 this, the total number of scheduled
languages increased to 18.
Seventy-Second Provided for reservation of seats for the
Amendment Act, STs in the Legislative Assembly of
1992 Tripura.
Seventy-Third Granted constitutional status and
Amendment Act, protection to the panchayati raj
1992 institutions. For this purpose, the
Amendment has added a new Part-IX
entitled as “the panchayats” and a new
Eleventh Schedule containing 29
functional items of the panchayats.
Seventy-Fourth Granted constitutional status and
Amendment Act, protection to the urban local bodies. For
1992 this purpose, the Amendment has added
a new Part IX-A entitled as “the
municipalities” and a new Twelfth
Schedule containing 18 functional items
of the municipalities.
Seventy-Fifth Provided for the establishment of rent
Amendment Act, tribunals for the adjudication of disputes
1994 with respect to rent, its regulation and
control and tenancy issues including the
rights, title and interest of landlords and
tenants.
Amendment Amended Provisions of the
Number and Constitution
Year
Seventy-Sixth Included the Tamil Nadu Reservation Act
Amendment Act, of 1994 (which provides for 69 per cent
1994 reservation of seats in educational
institutions and posts in state services) in
the Ninth Schedule to protect it from
judicial review. In 1992, the Supreme
Court ruled that the total reservation
should not exceed 50 per cent.
Seventy-Seventh Provided for reservation in promotions in
Amendment Act, government jobs for SCs and STs. This
1995 amendment nullified the Supreme Court
ruling with regard to reservation in
promotions.
Seventy-Eighth Included 27 more land reforms Acts of
Amendment Act, various states in the Ninth Schedule.
1995 With this, the total number of Acts in the
Schedule increased to 282. But, the last
entry is numbered 284.
Seventy-Ninth Extended the reservation of seats for the
Amendment Act, SCs and STs and special representation
1999 for the Anglo-Indians in the Lok Sabha
and the state legislative assemblies for a
further period of ten years (i.e., up to
2010).
Eightieth Provided for an “alternative scheme of
Amendment devolution” of revenue between the
Act, 2000 Centre and states. This was enacted on
the basis of the recommendations of the
Tenth Finance Commission which has
recommended that out of the total
income obtained from Central taxes and
duties, twenty-nine per cent should be
distributed among the states.
Amendment Amended Provisions of the
Number and Constitution
Year
Eighty-First Empowered the state to consider the
Amendment unfilled reserved vacancies of a year as a
Act, 2000 separate class of vacancies to be filled
up in any succeeding year or years. Such
class of vacancies are not to be
combined with the vacancies of the year
in which they are being filled up to
determine the ceiling of 50 per cent
reservation on total number of vacancies
of that year. In brief, this amendment
ended the 50 per cent ceiling on
reservation in backlog vacancies.
Eighty-Second Provided for making of any provision in
Amendment Act, favour of the SCs and STs for relaxation
2000 in qualifying marks in any examination or
lowering the standards of evaluation, for
reservation in matters of promotion to the
public services of the Centre and the
states.
Eighty-Third Provided that no reservation in
Amendment panchayats need be made for SCs in
Act, 2000 Arunachal Pradesh. The total population
of the state is tribal and there are no
SCs.
Amendment Amended Provisions of the
Number and Constitution
Year
Eighty-Fourth Extended the ban on readjustment of
Amendment Act, seats in the Lok Sabha and the state
2001 legislative assemblies for another 25
years (i.e., up to 2026) with the same
objective of encouraging population
limiting measures. In other words, the
number of seats in the Lok Sabha and
the assemblies are to remain same till
2026. It also provided for the
readjustment and rationalisation of
territorial constituencies in the states on
the basis of the population figures of
1991 census.
Eighty-Fifth Provided for “consequential seniority” in
Amendment the case of promotion by virtue of rule of
Act, 2001 reservation for the government servants
belonging to the SCs and STs with
retrospective effect from June 1995.
Amendment Amended Provisions of the
Number and Constitution
Year
Eighty-Sixth 1. Made elementary education a
Amendment fundamental right. The newly-added
Act, 2002 Article 21-A declares that “the State
shall provide free and compulsory
education to all children of the age of
six to fourteen years in such manner
as the State may determine”.
2. Changed the subject matter of Article
45 in Directive Principles. It now
reads—“The State shall endeavour to
provide early childhood care and
education for all children until they
complete the age of six years”.
3. Added a new fundamental duty
under Article 51-A which reads—“It
shall be the duty of every citizen of
India who is a parent or guardian to
provide opportunities for education to
his child or ward between the age of
six and fourteen years”.
Eighty-Seventh Provided for the readjustment and
Amendment Act, rationalisation of territorial constituencies
2003 in the states on the basis of the
population figures of 2001 census and