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en | wit-train-topic-005271370 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ukraine | History of the Jews in Ukraine | Early 20th century | History of the Jews in Ukraine / Early 20th century | The history of the Jews in Ukraine goes back over a thousand years. Jewish communities have existed in the territory of Ukraine from the time of Kievan Rus' and developed many of the most distinctive modern Jewish theological and cultural traditions such as Hasidism. According to the World Jewish Congress, the Jewish community in Ukraine constitute the third-largest Jewish community in Europe and the fifth-largest in the world.
While at times it flourished, at other times the Jewish community faced periods of persecution and antisemitic discriminatory policies. In the Ukrainian People's Republic, Yiddish was a state language along with Ukrainian and Russian. At that time there was created the Jewish National Union and the community was granted an autonomous status. Yiddish was used on Ukrainian currency in 1917–1920. Before World War II, a little under one-third of Ukraine's urban population consisted of Jews who were the largest national minority in Ukraine. Ukrainian Jews are comprised by a number of sub-groups, including Ashkenazi Jews, Mountain Jews, Bukharan Jews, Crimean Karaites, Krymchak Jews and Georgian Jews. | At the start of 20th century, anti-Jewish pogroms continued to occur in cities and towns across the Russian Empire such as Kishinev, Kiev, Odessa, and many others. Numerous Jewish self-defense groups were organized to prevent the outbreak of pogroms among which the most notorious one was under the leadership of Mishka Yaponchik in Odessa.
In 1905, a series of pogroms erupted at the same time as the Revolution against the government of Nicholas II. The chief organizers of the pogroms were the members of the Union of the Russian People (commonly known as the "Black Hundreds").
From 1911 to 1913, the antisemitic tenor of the period was characterized by a number of blood libel cases (accusations of Jews murdering Christians for ritual purposes). One of the most famous was the two-year trial of Menahem Mendel Beilis, who was charged with the murder of a Christian boy (Lowe 1993, 284–90). The trial was showcased by the authorities to illustrate the perfidy of the Jewish population.
From March to May 1915, in the face of the German army, the government expelled thousands of Jews from the Empire's border areas, which coincide with the Pale of Settlement. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Standby_Force | African Standby Force | ECOWAS Standby Force | African Standby Force / Current Status / ECOWAS Standby Force | The African Standby Force is an international, continental African, and multidisciplinary peacekeeping force with military, police and civilian contingents that acts under the direction of the African Union. The ASF is to be deployed in times of crisis in Africa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, serves as the Force's Headquarters. Douala, Cameroon, was selected in 2011 as the site of the AU's Continental Logistics Base.
In 2003, a 2010 operational date for the force was set. | Members: Ghana, Nigeria, Benin, Togo, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Mali, Senegal, Niger, Burkina Faso, Gambia, and Cape Verde
The ECOWAS Standby Force (ESF) is a standby arrangement made up of military, police and civilian components and which is consistent with Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter which provides for regional peace and security arrangements. A partial legal basis is given by Article 21 of the ECOWAS Protocol Relating to the Mechanism for Conflict
Prevention, Management, Resolution, Peacekeeping and Security of December 1999.
In 2005, a team of ECOWAS P3 Development Partners (AU, EU, USA, UK, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany and Netherlands), the UN Standby High-Readiness Brigade (SHIRBRIG) together with the ECOWAS Mission Planning Management Cell (MPMC) met and produced an overarching framework document for the operationalisation of the ESF. The ECOWAS Operational Framework phased the process by first of all establishing an ESF Task Force (ESFTF) with 2773 soldiers of all ranks which was certified in 2009 in the form of a logistics exercise. The Task Force is structured into two infantry battalions (Western and Eastern) and a composite logistics battalion. The Western Battalion is led by Senegal while the Eastern Battalion is led by Nigeria.
The ECOWAS Main Force was intended to number 3727, to build to complete a brigade of 6500 of all ranks to be ready by 2010. The initial Task Force is intended to be rapidly deployed and then the more robust, long-term Main Force is required afterwards.
There is no formal Memorandum of Understanding between the ECOWAS Secretariat and the ECOWAS Members States on Force generation. However, the MOU has been drafted, and meanwhile (2010), there is a firm commitment of the different States leaders to provide personnel and facilities to facilitate any deployment of the Force.
The Headquarters (HQ) of both the ESF and the ESFTF are co-located in Abuja, Nigeria. However, the Planning Element of the ESF is weak compared to the Task Force PLANELM. For now (2010), the PLANELM of ESF has no civilian component. The military and police components are fully operational. The Logistic Depot of the Force, still to be built, is planned to be established at Freetown, Sierra Leone. Land has been allocated in this regard by the Government of Sierra Leone, and the United States of America’s Government is providing support for the establishment of the Logistics depot.
In the violent conflict in Mali since 2012, ESF could not operate in a timely manner to prevent a further escalation of violence in the country. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271372 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Doria | Kota Doria | Introduction | Kota Doria | Kota Doria or Kota Doriya is the name of a light weight fabric made of tiny woven squares (khat) which is still hand woven on traditional pit looms in Kaithoon near Kota in Rajasthan and in some of the surrounding villages. Kota Doriya Sarees are made of pure cotton and silk and have square like patterns known as khats on them. The chequered weave of a Kota sari is very popular. They are very fine weaves and weigh very less. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271373 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_Plate_Road_587 | Nickel Plate Road 587 | 2003–2018 | Nickel Plate Road 587 / 2003–2018 | Nickel Plate Road 587 is a 2-8-2 type USRA Light Mikado steam locomotive originally built in September 1918 by the Baldwin Locomotive Works for the Lake Erie and Western Railroad as its No. 5541. In 1923, the LE&W was merged into the New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad, commonly referred to as the "Nickel Plate Road", and allocated 587 as its new number in 1924. In 2003, the locomotive was being restored by the Indiana Transportation Museum in Noblesville, Indiana. However in 2018, the museum was currently being moved to Logansport, Indiana, forcing No. 587 to be stored in Ravenna, Kentucky by the Kentucky Steam Heritage Corp until the ITM can raise funds to restore the locomotive to operating condition. | No. 587 is undergoing its second restoration dependent on funding and available volunteer efforts. The tubes, flues, dry pipe, super-heater, and many other pieces have been removed. The dry pipe was worn too thin to support the steam pressures necessary to operate the locomotive. A new dry pipe has been formed and is awaiting installation into the boiler. The air pump has been removed and rebuilt and is in storage awaiting re-installation. Several sections of the firebox have been cut away and replaced as well as a section of the rear tube sheet that was worn too thin to support the operating steam pressure. A new tube sheet section has been cut and using the heat and beat method has been molded into place. It is now in the contractor's shop to have the new holes drilled in it. New tubes have been swaged, which is a process of reducing the diameter on one end while not cutting away any material. They have been transported to the museum in Noblesville and are currently stored until they are needed. Riveting of the firebox is nearly complete with only the front section and several rivets in the corners needing to be replaced. This will require the rear driver of 587 to be dropped into a shallow pit to allow for the riveting to take place.
The locomotive was inside ITM's shop undergoing additional work. It was lifted several inches off its supporting trucks and running gear to allow access to the leaf springs and bushings without the need to drop all the drivers. The bushings will be removed and replaced as most have worn thin from years of use.
In 2008, the ownership of No. 587 was officially transferred from the Indianapolis Parks Department to the Indiana Transportation Museum.
On June 28, 2018, a court order required ITM to vacate its former location. The Kentucky Steam Heritage Corporation made a deal with ITM to relocate the 587 and move it out before the deadline. Plans are for the locomotive to be moved to Ravenna, Kentucky and have it stored alongside Chesapeake and Ohio 2716 until the ITM can raise enough funds for restoration, eventually returning the locomotive back to Indiana once the restoration is complete. On July 7, most of the main components of the 587 left ITM's grounds, except for the tender body, which left ITM's grounds on July 12 and was fully unloaded on July 14. No. 587 is now currently awaiting to be rebuilt for an overhaul of boiler tubes and flues for its return to service. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_of_Ponta_da_Bandeira | Fort of Ponta da Bandeira | Construction | Fort of Ponta da Bandeira / Construction | The Fort of Ponta da Bandeira, also known as Pau da Bandeira Fort; Fort of Nossa Senhora da Penha de França; the Fort of Registo; or the Fort of Lagos is situated in the city of Lagos, in the Faro District of Portugal. It was built in the 17th century, as one of the main components of a system of maritime fortifications to defend the city, then headquarters of the military government of the Algarve. Significant restoration work has been carried out over the years and the fort is considered to be one of the best-preserved 17th century fortifications in the Algarve region. | After the beginning of the Restoration War in the 17th century, which pitted Portugal against Spain, there was a change in the Portuguese military strategy, with greater attention being paid to land defence on the Spanish border. Along the coast only batteries were installed, with functions more linked to surveillance than defence. This approach resulted from the poor state of the Spanish fleet and the signing of a peace agreement with Holland, which had a sizeable fleet. During the Restoration War the Algarve thus played a very peripheral role, and its defensive structures began to deteriorate.
After the Restoration War, the Algarve coast was frequently attacked by pirates and privateers, so the construction of a network of maritime defences was ordered to protect the city of Lagos, which at that time was the seat of the military government of the Algarve. Designed by Captain Inácio Pereira, the Ponta da Bandeira Fort began to be built around 1680, by order of Luís Lopo da Silveira, 2nd Count of Sarzedas and Governor of the Kingdom of the Algarve. It was completed in 1690, under the guidance of Francisco Luís Baltazar da Gama (1636–1707), 6th Count of Vidigueira and 2nd Marquis of Nisa. The chapel appears to have also been built at that time, since the tiles inside it also date from the 17th century.
The fort was considered one of the most advanced in the Algarve region, reflecting several decades of development of Portuguese military architecture. It has a very simple shape, being just a square with an elevated terrace facing the ocean that is reached by a ramp. There are several gun emplacements. It exemplified the change in military policies after the Restoration War, which reduced emphasis on large coastal fortresses, preferring instead more, but smaller, fortifications. The strength of its construction has meant that it has remained relatively intact, while other fortifications in the Algarve have been greatly modified or destroyed over the years. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271375 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_A._Andrew_Memorial_Hospital | John A. Andrew Memorial Hospital | Introduction | John A. Andrew Memorial Hospital | The John A. Andrew Memorial Hospital was a teaching hospital on the campus of the Tuskegee Institute in Tuskegee, Alabama, open from 1892 to 1987. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlington_Barracudas | Burlington Barracudas | Coaching staff 2011-12 | Burlington Barracudas / Coaching staff 2011-12 | The Burlington Barracudas were a semi-professional women's ice hockey team based in Burlington, Ontario. They were one of the founding teams of the Canadian Women's Hockey League from its inaugural season in 2007 until 2012. The Barracudas’ home ice was Appleby Ice Center in Burlington. | General Manager: Maria Quinto
Head Coach: Berardino Quinto
Assistant Coach: Jessica Rattle
Equipment Manager: Diane Cruickshanks & Madelaine Bird
Marketing Coordinator: Deanne Johnstone
Head Athletic Therapist: Nancy Spence
Assistant Athletic Therapist: Glenn Burke
Assistant Athletic Therapist: Carm Chan
Reference |
en | wit-train-topic-005271379 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._C._Mills | E. C. Mills | Business writing style | E. C. Mills / Business writing style | Edward Clarence Mills was an American master penman and educator, noted for the Business Writing style of cursive handwriting. | A cursive handwriting for commerce was developed around 1880 in the United States, emerging from such ornamental styles as Spencerian script, designed for rapid writing using arm movement. This hand was simpler in form, having no flourishing or shading (i.e., variation in line width from pen pressure or nib shape), to meet the demand of business for rapid legible writing that could be sustained for long periods.
Among others, including A. N. Palmer, Mills gave instruction and created copybooks for this functional style. However, in terms of rendering its form in pen and ink, "E. C. Mills was the undisputed master of Business Writing … and in fifty years of service as a penman, he set the standards by which business writing was judged", according to master Spencerian penman Michael Sull. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271380 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith | Slavic Native Faith | Views on Christianity and mono-ideologies | Slavic Native Faith / Identity and political philosophy / Views on Christianity and mono-ideologies | The Slavic Native Faith, commonly known as Rodnovery, and rarely as Slavic Neopaganism, is a modern Pagan religion. Classified as a new religious movement, its practitioners harken back to the historical belief systems of the Slavic peoples of Central and Eastern Europe, though the movement is inclusive of external influences and hosts a variety of currents. "Rodnovery" is a widely accepted self-descriptor within the community, although there are Rodnover organisations which further characterise the religion as Vedism, Orthodoxy, and Old Belief.
Many Rodnovers regard their religion as a faithful continuation of ancient beliefs that survived as folk religion or as conscious "double belief" following the Christianisation of the Slavs in the Middle Ages. Rodnovery draws upon surviving historical and archaeological sources and folk religion, often integrating them with non-Slavic sources such as Hinduism. Rodnover theology and cosmology may be described as pantheism and polytheism—worship of the supreme God of the universe and of the multiple gods, ancestors and spirits of nature identified through Slavic culture. | Many Rodnovers actively reject Christianity or adopt anti-Christian views. They generally regard Abrahamic religions as destructive forces that erode what they view as organic peoples, with Christianity being perceived as a foreign entity within Slavic culture. They consider the Abrahamic religions and their later secular ideological productions (Marxism, capitalism and the general Western rationalism begotten by the Age of Enlightenment) as "mono-ideologies", that is to say ideologies which promote "universal and one-dimensional truths", unable to grasp the complexity of reality and therefore doomed to failure one after the other. Christianity is denounced as a hierarchical and centralised power that throughout history defended the rich and legitimised slave mentality, and as an anthropocentric ideology which distorts the role of mankind in the cosmos by claiming that God could have been incarnated as a single historical entity (Jesus). In Russia, Rodnovers often compare Christianity, for its claim to have a monopoly on truth, to Soviet Marxism. They also criticise capitalism and seek a return to a pre-capitalist society. As an alternative to the "mono-ideologies" and the world of "unipolarity" that they created, the Rodnovers oppose their idea of "multipolarism".
Some Rodnovers also take a hostile stance toward Judaism, which they regard as having spawned Christianity, or believe that Christianity has left Russia under the control of Jews. Rodnovers often reject Christian ideas of humility, regarding them as antithetical to a Rodnover emphasis on courage and fighting spirit. Christianity is also considered as a system that destroys morality by casting human responsibility away from the present world and into a transcendent future, and it is also criticised as being anthropocentric, and thus responsible for ecological disruption.
Rodnovers express their anti-Christian views in various ways. Many Native Faith groups organise formal ceremonies of renunciation of Christianity (raskrestitsia, literally "de-Christianisation"), and initiation into Rodnovery with the adoption of a Slavic name. The folklorist Mariya Lesiv observed Rodnovers marching in Kiev in 2006 chanting "Out with Jehovah! Glory to Dazhboh!" Simpson noted that in Poland, several Rodnovers launched a poster campaign against Valentines Day, which they regarded as not being an authentically Polish celebration. In Russia, Rodnovers have vandalised and torched various churches.
Christians have also been responsible for opposition to Slavic Native Faith, for instance through the establishment of social media groups against the movement. The Russian Orthodox Church has expressed opposition to the growth and spread of Slavic Native Faith across Russia on various occasions. Some Russian Rodnovers have however attempted to improve relations with the Orthodox Church, arguing that Russian Orthodoxy had adopted many elements of historical Slavic belief and rites. In this way they argue that Russian Orthodoxy is distinct from other forms of Christianity, and seek to portray it as the "younger brother" of Slavic Native Faith. The Orthodox Christian Old Believers, a movement that split out from the Russian Orthodox Church during the reform of Patriarch Nikon of Moscow in the seventeenth century, is seen by Rodnovers in a more positive light than the mainstream Russian Orthodox Church, as Old Believers are considered to have elements similar to those of the Slavic Native Faith. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271385 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danielle_Rowley | Danielle Rowley | Introduction | Danielle Rowley | Danielle Rowley (born 25 February 1990) is a Scottish Labour Party politician who served as the Member of Parliament for Midlothian from 2017 to 2019. She was a member of Jeremy Corbyn's Shadow Cabinet as the Shadow Minister for Climate Justice and Green Jobs from June 2019 to December 2019; when she lost her seat to Owen Thompson of the Scottish National party. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271387 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_Fire | Day Fire | Introduction | Day Fire | The Day Fire was a devastating wildfire that burned 162,702 acres (658 km²) of land in the Topatopa Mountains, within the Los Padres National Forest in Ventura County, southern California. As of 2020, the Day Fire is the 17th largest wildfire in modern California history. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271388 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalind_Park | Rosalind Park | Lansell Gardens | Rosalind Park / Lansell Gardens | Rosalind Park is an Australian park in Bendigo, Victoria. Prior to white settlement, a grassy woodland surrounding what is now called Bendigo Creek. At that time the creek was little more than a chain of pools and billabongs. This area would have been an important source of food and water for the indigenous Dja Dja Wrung people living in dry central Victoria.
In the 1850s gold was discovered in the area, radically transforming the area that is now Rosalind Park. Bendigo was one of the richest gold mining regions in the world, with more gold found in the region from 1850 to 1900 than anywhere else in the world. At present it remains the seventh richest goldfield in the world. Puddling mills, shafts and piles of mine wastes and cast offs dominated the landscape. In 1852 the area was officially designated a Government Camp precinct, the bounds of which still roughly designate the park today. The Government Camp area comprised 66 acres and contained police barracks, gaol and lock-up, a courthouse, a gold office and other government buildings, offices and quarters. | This small garden contains an imposing statue of George Lansell with a large piece of quartz held in his hand. This statue is shown right: the inscription at the base reads "In appreciation of the indomitable courage and persistent enterprise of George Lansell in the development of Bendigo's gold resources. This memorial was erected by the citizens of Bendigo. 1823 – 1906".
Lansell was one of the most famous and successful miners in the Bendigo region. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271389 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narborough_Road | Narborough Road | History | Narborough Road / History | Narborough Road is a street in the British city of Leicester. In February 2016, it was named the UK's "most diverse" road in a research project by the London School of Economics. | Narborough Road is a 1.5 mile (2.4 km)-long road in the south-west of Leicester. It stretches from Braunstone Lane in the south to Hinckley Road in the north, and is located in Westcotes, a ward of Leicester with a population (as of 2011) of 11,644. It is one of the main roads leading from the M1 motorway to the city centre. According to the 2015 Index of Multiple Deprivation, Narborough Road is located within areas that are among the 10–20% most deprived in England.
Narborough Road was previously the main route from Leicester to the nearby city of Coventry. In 1485, Richard III rode south down the street towards Market Bosworth for the Battle of Bosworth against Henry Tudor; the street was crowded with people wanting to see him and cheer him off. After Richard lost the battle, his naked body was put on a horse and ridden back along the same route. In the mid-20th century, Narborough Road was closer to being a residential area; it then became a fashion street, with its retail units mainly selling clothes and fabrics. The opening of a number of restaurants and bars brought in students from the city's two universities, University of Leicester and De Montfort University. As of December 2015, 204 of the 222 units along the street (92%) are non-residential. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271390 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addai_Scher | Addai Scher | Introduction | Addai Scher | Addai Scher (Syriac: ܐܕܝ ܫܝܪ, IPA: [ʔadðˈðaːj ʃeːr]) Also written Addai Sher, Addaï Scher and Addai Sheir (3 March 1867 – 21 June 1915), an ethnic Chaldean, was the Chaldean Catholic archbishop of Siirt in Upper Mesopotamia. He was killed by the Ottomans during the 1915 Assyrian Genocide. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271397 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanaque,_New_Jersey | Wanaque, New Jersey | Transportation | Wanaque, New Jersey / Transportation | Wanaque is a borough in Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 11,116, reflecting an increase of 850 from the 10,266 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 555 from the 9,711 counted in the 1990 Census. | |
en | wit-train-topic-005271399 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian_Association_for_Documentation | Belgian Association for Documentation | Introduction | Belgian Association for Documentation | The Belgian Association for Documentation (abbreviated ABD-BVD.) is a professional body for librarians, information specialists and knowledge managers in Belgium.
Created in 1947, the ABD-BVD's aims and activities converge to help those professionals in this permanent step towards the reinforcement of both their competence and the quality of their work.
It focuses its activities on:
promoting information science related professions
new techniques and methods in information management
creating competence networks and allowing experience exchange
training its members
defending its members' interests at a European level
The Belgian Association for Documentation organizes an annual conference, the so-called "Inforum", to present important and actual topics in the field of information and documentation.
Since 1947, it also publishes the quarterly review Cahiers de la Documentation/Bladen voor Documentatie, with articles in French, Dutch and English.
The association includes today more than 500 professionals from the private and public sectors |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271400 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Germany | Economy of Germany | Weimar Republic and Third Reich | Economy of Germany / History / Weimar Republic and Third Reich | The economy of Germany is a highly developed social market economy. It has the largest national economy in Europe, the fourth-largest by nominal GDP in the world, and fifth by GDP. In 2017, the country accounted for 28% of the euro area economy according to the IMF. Germany is a founding member of the European Union and the Eurozone.
In 2016, Germany recorded the highest trade surplus in the world worth $310 billion, making it the biggest capital exporter globally. Germany is one of the largest exporters globally with $1448.17 billion worth of goods and services exported in 2017. The service sector contributes around 70% of the total GDP, industry 29.1%, and agriculture 0.9%. Exports account for 41% of national output. The top 10 exports of Germany are vehicles, machinery, chemical goods, electronic products, electrical equipment, pharmaceuticals, transport equipment, basic metals, food products, and rubber and plastics. | The Nazis rose to power while unemployment was very high, but achieved full employment later thanks to massive public works programs such as the Reichsbahn, Reichspost and the Reichsautobahn projects. In 1935 rearmament in contravention of the Treaty of Versailles added to the economy.
Weimar and Nazi Germany By Stephen J. Lee
The post-1931 financial crisis economic policies of expansionary fiscal policies (as Germany was off the gold standard) was advised by their non-Nazi Minister of Economics, Hjalmar Schacht, who in 1933 became the president of the central bank. Hjalmar Schacht later abdicated from the post in 1938 and was replaced by Hermann Göring.
The trading policies of the Third Reich aimed at self sufficiency but with a lack of raw materials Germany would have to maintain trade links but on bilateral preferences, foreign exchange controls, import quotas and export subsidies under what was called the "New Plan"(Neuer Plan) of 19 September 1934. The "New Plan" was based on trade with less developed countries who would trade raw materials for German industrial goods saving currency. Southern Europe was preferable to Western Europe and North America as there could be no trade blockades. This policy became known as the Grosswirtschaftsraum ("greater economic area") policy.
Eventually, the Nazi party developed strong relationships with big business and abolished trade unions in 1933 in order to form the National Labor Service (RAD), German Labor Front (DAF) to set working hours, Beauty of Labour (SDA) which set working conditions and Strength through Joy (KDF) to ensure sports clubs for workers. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maloy_Lozanes | Maloy Lozanes | Introduction | Maloy Lozanes | Maria Lucia Moreno Lozañes (Manila, December 13, 1976), better known by her stage name MaLoY, is a Spanish Filipino singer. She was the second female singer of the German Eurodance act Captain Jack from 1998 until 2001. After taking a break from the record music scene, she returned in 2006 with the German DJ act Shaun Baker. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271403 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emeric_Essex_Vidal | Emeric Essex Vidal | A social document: a ball on board a man o' war | Emeric Essex Vidal / Work / Last South American tour / A social document: a ball on board a man o' war | Emeric Essex Vidal was an English watercolourist and naval officer. His opportunities for travel, his curiosity about local customs and human types, and his eye for the picturesque, led him to make paintings which are now historical resources. A landscape painter and a costumbrista, he was the first visual artist to leave records of the ordinary inhabitants of the newly emergent Argentina and Uruguay, including the first depictions of gauchos. He also left records of Canada, Brazil, the West Indies and St Helena, where he sketched the newly deceased Napoleon.
No full-length biography of Vidal yet exists; only brief accounts, written from the viewpoints of the lands he visited. Although a number of his watercolours have been published as hand-coloured aquatints, or by modern printing methods, or sold at auction, it is plausible that most have been lost or await rediscovery in private collections. | A very different watercolour (1835) serves to document an aspect of life on the South America station. The high-status individuals attending this Rio de Janeiro ball include the Governor General of India and the best-selling novelist Emily Eden. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Lightning_Returns:_Final_Fantasy_XIII | Music of Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII | Concept and creation | Music of Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII / Concept and creation | The music for the 2013 action role-playing game Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII, developed and published by Square Enix, was composed by Masashi Hamauzu, Naoshi Mizuta, and Mitsuto Suzuki. Hamauzu was the leader composer for XIII and XIII-2, and Mizuta and Suzuki previously composed music for XIII-2. Musicians who had previously worked with the composers on XIII-2 and The 3rd Birthday worked on the project in Japan, while the main soundtrack was performed and recorded in Boston by the Video Game Orchestra, conducted by Shota Nakama. Along with including more percussion and ethnic elements, the soundtrack used "Blinded by Light", the main theme for main character Lightning, as a leitmotif. Unlike the previous XIII games, the soundtrack did not include a theme song, as the composers felt it would detract from the emotional impact of the ending.
Three albums have been released: the promotional Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII Pre Soundtrack in July 2013, the Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII Original Soundtrack in November 2013, and Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII Soundtrack Plus in March 2014. The music has received a mostly positive response from reviewers. | The music of Lightning Returns was composed by Masashi Hamauzu, who composed the music for Final Fantasy XIII, Naoshi Mizuta and Mitsuto Suzuki, who co-composed the music for Final Fantasy XIII-2 with Hamauzu. Japanese band Language was also contracted by Suzuki to help with recording and remixing. Several of the musicians in Japan had worked with the composers before on XIII-2 and The 3rd Birthday. Recording took place at the Mixer's Lab recording studios in Tokyo. The Video Game Orchestra, founded by Shota Nakama, was contracted by Hamauzu to perform, record and mix the orchestral music at their studio on Boston. According to Hamauzu, they were his first and only choice for recording the score. Nakama received the final score in April 2013, and Hamauzu was regularly at the studios to help with the recording process. Nakama was told by Hamauzu that he was allowed to do as he wished unless he did something "really wacky", with Hamauzu relying on Nakama and mostly interacting and working on their tracks if he disliked some aspect of them. The orchestra worked on nearly all of Hamauzu's music, including the opening and ending themes.
The score was created with far more percussion than previous entries in the series, and featured "Blinded by Light", a recurring theme in the XIII games related to the series' central character Lightning, as a leitmotif. The theme was meant to emphasize the focus on Lightning, with several tracks relating directly to her. Unspecified ethnic musical elements were also incorporated. Each composer worked on one of the four game's key locations. Due to the game's day-night cycle, different music was composed for morning, afternoon, evening and nighttime. The thirteen-minute-long final boss theme was meant to reference the title's numeral. Hamauzu wrote "Crimson Blitz", the first piece of the score and one of the game's battle themes, while on tour in Switzerland. Unlike the previous two games, Lightning Returns did not feature a theme song as it was felt that this would diminish the emotional impact of the ending. Instead, the composers created a purely orchestral piece. The final theme, "Epilogue", was co-composed by Hamauzu and Nakama. It was based on the concept of the XIII games coming to an end, and so was intended to convey the themes and atmosphere of the soundtrack. Nakama created multiple versions of the piece and sent them to Hamauzu, who performed alterations and made the final choice. The game also featured multiple musical Easter eggs, including tunes from previous entries in the franchise. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat_W._Washington | Nat W. Washington | Introduction | Nat W. Washington | Nathaniel Willis Washington (May 2, 1914 – August 18, 2007) was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1973 to 1979 for district 13, and in the Senate from 1979 to his death in 1991. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowley%27s_Ridge | Crowley's Ridge | Namesake | Crowley's Ridge / Namesake | Crowley's Ridge is a geological formation that rises 250 to 550 feet above the alluvial plain of the Mississippi embayment in a 150-mile line from southeastern Missouri to the Mississippi River near Helena, Arkansas. It is the most prominent feature in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain between Cape Girardeau, Missouri, and the Gulf of Mexico.
This narrow rolling hill region rising above the flat plain is the sixth, and smallest, natural division of the state of Arkansas. It is protected within Ozark–St. Francis National Forest.
Most of the major cities of the Arkansas Delta region lie along Crowley's Ridge. It was named after Benjamin Crowley, known as the first American settler to reach the area, sometime around 1820. The Civil War Battle of Chalk Bluff was fought on Crowley's Ridge on May 1–2, 1863. | Crowley's Ridge is named after Benjamin Crowley (1758–1842), the first American settler of the Ridge near Paragould, Arkansas. Crowley is buried in the Shiloh Cemetery in Greene County, Arkansas, and a monument marks the spot. The cemetery is part of Crowley's Ridge State Park. Next to Crowley's grave, other early settlers of the ridge are buried in unmarked graves. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271418 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Warehouse_Group | The Warehouse Group | The Warehouse Local | The Warehouse Group / Business / The Warehouse Local | The Warehouse Group also referred to as TWG, was founded by Stephen Tindall in 1982, and is the largest retail group operating in New Zealand. The Warehouse Group is a group that consists of The Warehouse, Warehouse Stationery, Noel Leeming, Torpedo7, and TheMarket. | On Thursday 23 July 2009, The Warehouse Group opened the first of its smaller-concept stores, The Warehouse Local, in Mosgiel. These stores are approximately 2000 square metres in size, compared with the usual 5000 square meters seen in larger locations. These stores also have single checkout counters, doing without dedicated Service, Jewellery and Entertainment counters which are present in most other stores. Another 3 stores were intended to be launched per year, following this concept.
While the "Local" naming is no longer used, smaller stores in Rolleston and St Lukes have opened using the smaller format. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_London | Tom London | Personal life | Tom London / Personal life | Tom London was an American actor who played frequently in B-Westerns. According to The Guinness Book of Movie Records, London is credited with appearing in the most films in the history of Hollywood, according to the 2001 book Film Facts, which says that the performer who played in the most films was "Tom London, who made his first of over 2,000 appearances in The Great Train Robbery, 1903. He used his birth name in films until 1924. | London married actress Edith Stayart (1890 - August 7, 1970), born Edythe B. Stayart, who has several roles in films in the 1920s including Nan of the North. On July 5, 1952, he married Louvie Munal in Del Rio, Texas. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-statistics | F-statistics | Partition due to population structure | F-statistics / Partition due to population structure | In population genetics, F-statistics describe the statistically expected level of heterozygosity in a population; more specifically the expected degree of a reduction in heterozygosity when compared to Hardy–Weinberg expectation.
F-statistics can also be thought of as a measure of the correlation between genes drawn at different levels of a subdivided population. This correlation is influenced by several evolutionary processes, such as genetic drift, founder effect, bottleneck, genetic hitchhiking, meiotic drive, mutation, gene flow, inbreeding, natural selection, or the Wahlund effect, but it was originally designed to measure the amount of allelic fixation owing to genetic drift.
The concept of F-statistics was developed during the 1920s by the American geneticist Sewall Wright, who was interested in inbreeding in cattle. However, because complete dominance causes the phenotypes of homozygote dominants and heterozygotes to be the same, it was not until the advent of molecular genetics from the 1960s onwards that heterozygosity in populations could be measured.
F can be used to define effective population size. | Consider a population that has a population structure of two levels; one from the individual (I) to the subpopulation (S) and one from the subpopulation to the total (T). Then the total F, known here as FIT, can be partitioned into FIS (or f) and FST (or θ):
This may be further partitioned for population substructure, and it expands according to the rules of binomial expansion, so that for I partitions: |
en | wit-train-topic-005271421 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C4%BEk%C3%BD_Rozsutec | Veľký Rozsutec | Introduction | Veľký Rozsutec | Veľký Rozsutec (1,609.7 m; 5,281.17 ft AMSL) is a mountain situated in the Malá Fatra mountain range in the Žilina Region, Slovakia. The peak is situated in the north part of Malá Fatra called Krivánska Malá Fatra and is part of the Malá Fatra National Park and Rozsutec National Nature Reserve (since 1967).
Veľký Rozsutec and the surrounding area are home to many endangered species of plants and animals, some of which are endemic, as well as rare karst terrain. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapfre | Mapfre | Introduction | Mapfre | Mapfre, S.A. ([ˈmafɾe], officially typeset MAPFRE) is a Spanish insurance company, based in Majadahonda, Madrid. The name comes from the old mutual origin of the company (Mutualidad de la Agrupación de Propietarios de Fincas Rústicas de España), but the company now only refers to itself as Mapfre. It is the leading insurance company in Spain and the largest non-life insurance company in Latin America.
The company purchased Webster, Massachusetts-based Commerce Insurance Group, a major provider of vehicle insurance, for over €1.5 billion in October 2007. Mapfre was listed in the Fortune Global 500 list on its 2008 edition. Rafael Nadal is officially sponsored by the company.
In October 2010, Mapfre acquired British travel insurance provider InsureandGo for an undisclosed sum.
In March 2012, Antonio Huertas took over as Mapfre's chairman from José Manuel Martínez, who had held the role since 2001. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Botswana | List of birds of Botswana | Skuas and jaegers | List of birds of Botswana / Skuas and jaegers | This is a list of the bird species recorded in Botswana. The avifauna of Botswana included a total of 595 species as of August 2019 according to BirdLife Botswana's Checklist of Birds in Botswana. Of them, 97 are accidental, 112 are uncommon, and three have been introduced by humans. None are endemic.
This list's taxonomic treatment and nomenclature are those of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2019 edition. Differences in common and scientific names between the Clements taxonomy and that of BirdLife Botswana are frequent but not noted here.
The following tags highlight several categories of occurrence other than regular migrants and residents; the tags follow the BirdLife Botswana list usage.
Accidental - a species which has been recorded 10 or fewer times in Botswana
Uncommon - a species which has been recorded more than 10 times but for which BirdLife Botswana wishes to receive more records so as to better assess their status
(I) Introduced - a species introduced to Botswana as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions, and which has a self-sustaining population. | Order: Charadriiformes Family: Stercorariidae
The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.
Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus (A) |
en | wit-train-topic-005271424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halsted_BH-1_Saffire | Halsted BH-1 Saffire | Introduction | Halsted BH-1 Saffire | The Halsted BH-1 Saffire is a homebuilt aircraft design introduced in the early 1990s. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271426 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacky_(song) | Tacky (song) | Background | Tacky (song) / Background | "Tacky" is a song by American musician "Weird Al" Yankovic from his fourteenth studio album, Mandatory Fun. The song is a parody of the 2013 single "Happy" by Pharrell Williams. The song mocks questionable style in fashion as well as activities considered gauche. Yankovic recorded the song as one of the last on Mandatory Fun, and received Williams' approval directly, through email. He remarked he was "honored" to have his work spoofed by Yankovic.
The song's one-shot music video parodies "Happy", and was the first in a series of eight videos released over eight days in promotion of Mandatory Fun. It features cameo appearances by Aisha Tyler, Margaret Cho, Eric Stonestreet, Kristen Schaal, and Jack Black, and was produced by Nerdist Industries. | As usual for him, Yankovic sought permission from the original artists for his parodies on Mandatory Fun; in contrast to previous albums, he had few difficulties in obtaining these. Yankovic stated "This is the first time where I've gotten everybody that I wanted, and I couldn't be happier about it." He was able to get Pharrell Williams' permission for three of the songs he represented on the album, Williams' "Happy", Robin Thicke's "Blurred Lines", and Daft Punk's "Get Lucky", through a personal email to the artist after Yankovic's manager had difficulty working this with Williams' manager; according to Yankovic, Williams was "honored" to have his work used by Yankovic. The song was recorded in April 2014. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271427 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympatry | Sympatry | Great spotted cuckoo and magpie: brood parasitism | Sympatry / Examples / Great spotted cuckoo and magpie: brood parasitism | In biology, two related species or populations are considered sympatric when they exist in the same geographic area and thus frequently encounter one another. An initially interbreeding population that splits into two or more distinct species sharing a common range exemplifies sympatric speciation. Such speciation may be a product of reproductive isolation – which prevents hybrid offspring from being viable or able to reproduce, thereby reducing gene flow – that results in genetic divergence. Sympatric speciation does not imply secondary contact, which is speciation or divergence in allopatry followed by range expansions leading to an area of sympatry. Sympatric species or taxa in secondary contact may or may not interbreed. | The parasitic great spotted cuckoo (Clamator glandarius) and its magpie host, both native to Southern Europe, are completely sympatric species. However, the duration of their sympatry varies with location. For example, great spotted cuckoos and their magpie hosts in Hoya de Gaudix, southern Spain, have lived in sympatry since the early 1960s, while species in other locations have more recently become sympatric. Great spotted cuckoos, when in South Africa, are sympatric with at least 8 species of starling and 2 crows, pied crow and Cape crow.
The great spotted cuckoo exhibits brood parasitism by laying a mimicked version of the magpie egg in the magpie's nest. Since cuckoo eggs hatch before magpie eggs, magpie hatchlings must compete with cuckoo hatchlings for resources provided by the magpie mother. This relationship between the cuckoo and the magpie in various locations can be characterized as either recently sympatric or anciently sympatric. The results of an experiment by Soler and Moller (1990) showed that in areas of ancient sympatry (species in cohabitation for many generations), magpies were more likely to reject most of the cuckoo eggs, as these magpies had developed counter-adaptations that aid in identification of egg type. In areas of recent sympatry, magpies rejected comparatively fewer cuckoo eggs. Thus, sympatry can cause coevolution, by which both species undergo genetic changes due to the selective pressures that one species exerts on the other. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271430 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamison_Jones | Jamison Jones | Introduction | Jamison Jones | Jamison Jones is an American actor. He is known for his roles in the 2007 film He Was a Quiet Man, as a regular cast member on General Hospital, and in the Fox series 24. He originated the title role in the world premiere of Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa’s Doctor Cerberus at the Tony Award-winning South Coast Repertory. Jones has also guest-starred on several television series, including Burn Notice, Will & Grace, CSI: NY, NCIS, Kamen Rider Dragon Knight and The Whispers. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271434 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EKOenergy | EKOenergy | Introduction | EKOenergy | EKOenergy is an ecolabel for electricity. It is a not-for-profit initiative of the EKOenergy Network, a group of more than 40 environmental organizations from 30 countries. EKOenergy started in 2013 in Europe. Its secretariat is based in Helsinki. Nowadays, EKOenergy is the only international ecolabel for renewable electricity. It is available all over Europe and its material is available in more than 30 languages. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271437 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XScale | XScale | PXA210/PXA25x | XScale / Processor families / PXA / PXA210/PXA25x | XScale is a microarchitecture for central processing units initially designed by Intel implementing the ARM architecture instruction set. XScale comprises several distinct families: IXP, IXC, IOP, PXA and CE, with some later models designed as SoCs. Intel sold the PXA family to Marvell Technology Group in June 2006. Marvell then extended the brand to include processors with other microarchitectures, like ARM's Cortex.
The XScale architecture is based on the ARMv5TE ISA without the floating point instructions. XScale uses a seven-stage integer and an eight-stage memory super-pipelined microarchitecture. It is the successor to the Intel StrongARM line of microprocessors and microcontrollers, which Intel acquired from DEC's Digital Semiconductor division as part of a settlement of a lawsuit between the two companies. Intel used the StrongARM to replace its ailing line of outdated RISC processors, the i860 and i960.
All the generations of XScale are 32-bit ARMv5TE processors manufactured with a 0.18 μm or 0.13 μm process and have a 32 KB data cache and a 32 KB instruction cache. First and second generation XScale multi-core processors also have a 2 KB mini data cache. | The PXA210 was Intel's entry-level XScale targeted at mobile phone applications. It was released with the PXA250 in February 2002 and comes clocked at 133 MHz and 200 MHz.
The PXA25x family (code-named Cotulla) consists of the PXA250 and PXA255. The PXA250 was Intel's first generation of XScale processors. There was a choice of three clock speeds: 200 MHz, 300 MHz and 400 MHz. It came out in February 2002. In March 2003, the revision C0 of the PXA250 was renamed to PXA255. The main differences were a doubled internal bus speed (100 MHz to 200 MHz) for faster data transfer, lower core voltage (only 1.3 V at 400 MHz) for lower power consumption and writeback functionality for the data cache, the lack of which had severely impaired performance on the PXA250. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271440 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Summer_Paralympics_medal_table | 1972 Summer Paralympics medal table | Introduction | 1972 Summer Paralympics medal table | The 21st International Stoke Mandeville Games, later known as the 1972 Summer Paralympics (also known as the XXI World Games for the Paralysed) was an international multi-sport event held in Heidelberg, West Germany, from August 2 to 11, 1972, in which athletes with physical disabilities competed against one another. The German Disabled Sports Association planned to stage the Games in Munich following the 1972 Olympic Games, however the Olympic village in Munich was designated to be closed and converted into private apartments. The organisers tried to arrange for alternative accommodation for the athletes but when this was not possible the city of Heidelberg stepped in with an invite to stage the Games at the University of Heidelberg's Institute for Physical Training.
In total 575 medals were awarded in 187 events in 10 different sports. Of the 42 competing National Paralympic Committees (NPCs) 31 won at least one medal. The host nation won the most gold medals, with 28, and the United States won the most total medals with 74. Rhodesia competed at these Games, winning 12 medals, but did not take part at the 1972 Summer Olympics after their invitation was withdrawn by the International Olympic Committee, four days before the opening ceremony, in response to African countries' protests against the Rhodesian regime. This medal table ranks the competing NPCs by the number of gold medals won by their athletes.
Notable gold medallists included Canadian Eugene Reimer, who set a world record in discus with a throw of 29.91 metres and also won a gold medal in the pentathlon and silver in the 4×60 metres wheelchair relay. A crowd of 4,000 watched the United States defeat defending champions Israel 59–58 to take the gold medal in men's wheelchair basketball. Zipora Rubin-Rosenbaum of Israel won a gold medal in the women's javelin throw 5 event, with a new world record of 18.50 metres, and also won a silver medal in the shot put. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271441 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xueta | Xueta | Introduction | Xueta | The Xuetes ([ʃuˈətə]; singular Xueta, also known as Xuetons and spelled as Chuetas) are a social group on the Spanish island of Majorca, in the Mediterranean Sea, who are descendants of Majorcan Jews that either were conversos (forcible converts to Christianity) or were Crypto-Jews, forced to keep their religion hidden. They practiced strict endogamy by marrying only within their own group. Many of their descendants observe a syncretist form of Christian worship known as Xueta Christianity.
The Xuetes were stigmatized up until the first half of the 20th century. In the latter part of the century, the spread of freedom of religion and laïcité reduced both the social pressure and community ties. An estimated 18,000 people in the island carry Xueta surnames in the 21st century, but only a small fraction of the society (including those with Xueta surnames) is aware of the complex history of this group. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271442 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinocardium | Echinocardium | Introduction | Echinocardium | Echinocardium is a genus of sea urchins of the family Loveniidae, known as heart urchins. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271443 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poudre_Canyon | Poudre Canyon | Description | Poudre Canyon / Description | The Poudre Canyon is a narrow verdant canyon, approximately 40 mi long, on the upper Cache la Poudre River in Larimer County, Colorado in the United States. The canyon is a glacier-formed valley through the foothills of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains northwest of Fort Collins. | The canyon begins in northern Rocky Mountain National Park, at an elevation of approximately 9,000 ft (2,700 m), where the Poudre descends from near the continental divide. It winds gently to the northeast, then east, descending the slope of the Colorado Tertiary Pediment, emerging through the southern end of the Laramie Foothills north of Bellvue at an elevation of approximately 5,000 ft (1,500 m). Except for the small upper portion of the canyon north of Rocky Mountain National Park, State Highway 14 runs through the canyon. The route of the highway provides the principal vehicle access to the canyon and furnishes a road link between Fort Collins and North Park on the western side of Cameron Pass, which is accessible from the upper canyon. Most of the canyon is within the Canyon Lakes Ranger District of the Roosevelt National Forest, which is headquartered in nearby Fort Collins.
The flanks of the canyon wall are gently sloping and forested along most of its length, with the exception of several "narrows", at which the river has carved through recent formations leaving behind large glacial debris. The canyon is inhabited along most of its length downstream from Kinikinik. All of the communities in the canyon are unincorporated. Most of the habitation is the form of small cabins, some of which are inhabited only during season. Resort cabin communities for fishing and hunting are found sporadically along the canyon downstream from Rustic, which at one time in the late 19th century was a bustling summer resort, and burned down in 2008. The relative isolation of the canyon compared to ones further south along the Colorado Front Range gives a tranquil atmosphere with only small-scale tourist enterprises. The canyon is distinctly less developed than the Big Thompson Canyon west of Loveland. The commercial establishments, notably in Poudre Park, cater mostly to local clientele except during the fishing and whitewater rafting season, when the canyon receives a modest number of regional and national visitors. Colorado State University operates a small campus in the mountains at Pingree Park, which is named for George Pingree, an early settler in the canyon in the 19th century. Near Pingree Park is Sky Ranch Lutheran Camp, a summer camp affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.
The national forest in the vicinity of the canyon is laced with numerous trails that follow side gulches into the surrounding mountains. The trails serve double seasonal duty, as hiking trails in the summer and as cross-country skiing trails in the winter. One such trailhead at Long Draw Reservoir leads over La Poudre Pass along the Never Summer Mountains to the headwaters of the Colorado River in Rocky Mountain National Park.
The most popular species for fishing in the river are various species of trout which are stocked in the river annually by the Colorado Division of Wildlife. The United States Forest Service maintains a series of picnic areas and campgrounds along the river, including one campground facility named for local historian Ansel Watrous, whose 1911 history of the area is the standard early reference about the canyon itself.
The canyon was inhabited by Utes in the 19th century and was the site of trapping expeditions by early settlers. The relative lack of mineral resources in the surrounding area spared the canyon from intense population increases during the Colorado mining boom (see Colorado Gold Rush). In the early 1880s, the canyon was surveyed for a railroad by archrivals, the Union Pacific Railroad and the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, with the intention of completing a transcontinental line through the Rockies. The canyon was never the site of a railroad, however, and it was not until the 1920s that a road was constructed through the narrows. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271445 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Gotthelf | Michael Gotthelf | Introduction | Michael Gotthelf | Michael Alfred Gotthelf (born 1953 in Frankfurt) is a German entrepreneur and publicist. He is the initiator and founder of both the literary prize Ludwig-Börne-Preis and the Walther Rathenau Institut, a foundation for international policy that awards the Walther-Rathenau-Preis. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271446 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primula_frondosa | Primula frondosa | Introduction | Primula frondosa | Primula frondosa, the leafy primrose (Bulgarian: Старопланинска иглика), is a species of flowering plant in the family Primulaceae, native to the Balkans. It inhabits shady spots in a small region of the central Balkan Mountains range in Bulgaria, where it is found at altitudes from 800 to 2,200 m. Its populations are situated within the boundaries of the Central Balkan National Park and the nature reserves Sokolna, Dzhendema and Stara Reka.
Growing to 27 cm (11 in) tall by 10 cm (3.9 in) broad, it is a short-lived herbaceous perennial with a rosette of leaves surrounding the central stem. The leaves are covered in a mealy, flour-like substance (farinose). In spring, the plant bears loose umbels of pink flowers with a prominent yellow eye.
In cultivation in the United Kingdom, P. frondosa has been given the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit. It grows well in acidic soils, in similar conditions to those of its cool alpine home. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271447 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C5%99%C3%ADlky_Castle | Střílky Castle | Introduction | Střílky Castle | Střílky Castle (Czech: Hrad Střílky) is a ruined castle near the village of Střílky in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. John the Blind gave Henry of Lipá the castle in 1321. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Famous_Victories_of_Henry_V | The Famous Victories of Henry V | Introduction | The Famous Victories of Henry V | The Famous Victories of Henry the fifth: Containing the Honourable Battel of Agin-court: As it was plaide by the Queenes Maiesties Players, is an anonymous Elizabethan play, which is generally thought to be a source for Shakespeare's Henriad (Henry IV, Part 1, Henry IV, Part 2, and Henry V). It was entered by printer Thomas Creede in the Stationers' Register in 1594, but the earliest known edition is from 1598. A second quarto was published in 1617.
The play covers the riotous youth of Prince Henry and his transformation into a warrior king, ending with his victory at Agincourt and his wooing of Princess Katherine. The work is of unknown authorship, and various possible authors have been proposed, including a young Shakespeare, though this view is not widely accepted by scholars. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271458 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prospect_Hill,_North_Carolina | Prospect Hill, North Carolina | Introduction | Prospect Hill, North Carolina | Prospect Hill is a small unincorporated community in Hightowers Township, Caswell County, North Carolina, United States. It lies at the intersection of North Carolina Highways 49 and 86. It is in extreme southeastern Caswell County.
Warren House and Warren's Store are listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271461 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liubar | Liubar | History | Liubar / History | Liubar is an urban-type settlement in Liubar Raion, Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine. | A Jewish community lived here since centuries. A wooden synagogue was erected in 1491. It was destroyed during pogroms of the cossacks in the middle of the 17th century.
In 1793 - 1917 it was a town in Novograd-Volynsky uyezd in Volhynian Governorate of the Russian Empire.
At the end of the 19th century, the Jewish inhabitants represent 43% of the total population. 9 synagogues, a Jewish theater, a Jewish hospital and many shops are own by member of the community. In 1920, the soldiers of the 1st Cavalry Army (a formation of the Red Army) perpetrated a pogrom killing about 60 people and hurting 180.
A local newspaper is published here since August 1931.
On July 6, 1941, Wehrmacht occupied this town. Germans sent the Jews into a ghetto. In August 1941, mass executions killed around 300 people in the nearby forest. On September, around 1 300 Jews from the city and surroundings villages are murdered by an Einsatzgruppen including Ukrainians Hilfspolizei.
In January 1989 the population was 2656 people
In January 2013 the population was 2179 people. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vingis_Park_Rugby_Stadium | Vingis Park Rugby Stadium | Introduction | Vingis Park Rugby Stadium | Vingis Park Rugby Stadium (Lithuanian: Vingio parko regbio stadionas) is a rugby union stadium in Vilnius, Lithuania. It is located in Vingis Park, next to city's main athletics stadium Vingis Stadium.
In 2014 Vingis Park Rugby Stadium hosted 2014 European Women's Sevens Championship Division B. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271465 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sears,_Roebuck_%26_Co._v._Stiffel_Co. | Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Stiffel Co. | Background | Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Stiffel Co. / Background | Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Stiffel Co., 376 U.S. 225, was a United States Supreme Court case which limited state law on unfair competition when it prevents the copying of an item that is not covered by a patent.
Justice Hugo Black wrote for a unanimous Court that the Constitution reserved power over intellectual property such as patents to the federal government exclusively. Since the trial court had found Stiffel's patent invalid as insufficiently inventive, its product design was thus in the public domain and no state law could be used to prevent Sears from copying it.
The Supreme Court made a similar ruling in a companion case decided the same day, Compco Corp. v. Day-Brite Lighting, Inc..
These two cases were the first decisions of the Supreme Court that states could not, because of the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution, create their own patent or patent-like laws. The issue had been raised, but not decided, in Gibbons v. Ogden, in which Attorney General Wirt argued on behalf of the United States for federal patent preemption of New York's grant of a steamboat patent to Robert Fulton. | Stiffel Co. was a lamp manufacturer that had created a "pole lamp", which was a vertical tube standing upright between the floor and ceiling of a room, and with lamp fixtures along the outside of the tube. Stiffel Co. had secured a mechanical patent and a design patent, granted in 1957, on the pole lamp, and the lamp proved a "decided commercial success," according to the Supreme Court's opinion.
Soon after Stiffel brought the pole lamp to market, the Sears, Roebuck & Co. department store put on the market copies of the lamp. Stiffel Co. brought suit against Sears, for patent infringement and for unfair competition under Illinois law, the latter claim based on Sears' allegedly causing confusion in the trade as to the source of the lamps.
The United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, held the patents invalid for "want of invention," but ruled Sears to be guilty of unfair competition because the lamps were "confusingly similar," enjoined Sears from selling the identical lamps, and ordered an award of monetary damages to Stiffel Co.
The United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit affirmed, holding that under Illinois law, Stiffel had only to prove that there was a "likelihood of confusion as to the source of the products" due to the identical appearance of the lamps. The U.S. Supreme Court granted certiorari to consider whether this use of a state's unfair competition law was compatible with U.S. patent law. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271467 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A28_autoroute | A28 autoroute | List of junctions | A28 autoroute / List of junctions | Autoroute 28 is a French mainland motorway linking Abbeville in the Somme to Tours in Indre-et-Loire. It is 405 km long. The motorway starts at Abbeville, France, splitting from the A16 and, after merging with the A13 near Rouen, ends at Tours, merging with the A10. The motorway between Rouen and Tours was added to the Schéma Directeur Routier National in 1987.
Between Abbeville and Rouen, the first part, the motorway was built by the Ministry of the Equipment and Transports. 97 km long, this portion of the motorway is toll-free.
Between Rouen and Alençon, the second part, the motorway is operated by Alis and is the first autoroute of France to have had offers by European companies following the withdrawal of the SAPN in 1998 despite its contract initiated in 1995. The second stretch of road, opened on 27 October 2005, is 125 km long and passes over two large viaducts; the Viaduc de la Risle and the Viaduc du Bec.
The third and final stretch of road, between Alençon and the A10 near Tours, is operated by Cofiroute. A portion of road between Écommoy and Tours was prevented from being built due to the presence of a protected species of beetle, Osmoderma Eremita, or the Pique Prune. | |
en | wit-train-topic-005271468 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graduation_(album) | Graduation (album) | Lyrics and themes | Graduation (album) / Lyrics and themes | Graduation is the third studio album by American rapper and producer Kanye West, released on September 11, 2007, through Def Jam Recordings and Roc-A-Fella Records. Recording sessions took place between 2005 and 2007 at several studios in New York and Los Angeles. It was primarily produced by West himself, with contributions from various other producers. The album also features guest appearances from recording artists such as Dwele, T-Pain, Lil Wayne, DJ Premier, and Chris Martin of Coldplay. The cover art and its interior artwork were designed by Japanese contemporary artist Takashi Murakami.
Inspired by stadium tours, house-music and indie rock, Graduation marked a departure from the ornate, soul-based sound of West's previous releases as he musically progressed to more anthemic compositions. West incorporated layered synthesizers and dabbled with electronics while sampling from various music genres and altering his approach to rapping. He conveys an ambivalent outlook on his newfound fame and media scrutiny alongside providing inspirational messages of triumph directed at listeners. | In comparison to previous albums, which were largely driven by observational commentary on matters pertaining to social welfare, Graduation is more introspective in nature and addresses personal themes. West stated that he wanted to make inspirational music and placed more focus on individual perspective and experience that listeners could connect with in an attempt to create "people's theme songs". Dismayed that the messages behind his complex lyricism were frequently lost on listeners and didn't carry well during live performances, West made an attempt to simplify his lyrics and use more skeletal rhyme schemes for more straightforward verses while concentrating on speaking volumes with sparser wording on Graduation. Having committed a significant amount of time towards elevating his storytelling abilities by listening to folk musicians, West manages to form a lyrical narrative within nearly every song on the album. West dedicated a majority of the album towards conducting an analysis himself and conveying his ambivalent outlook on his newfound wealth and fame. As such, West's subversive songwriting fluctuates between playful self-aggrandizement and critical self-doubt. While confident, extroverted and celebratory at face value, many songs contained on Graduation were thematically distanced and retained melancholic subtext. Some music critics remarked that compounded with West's urgent, emotive rapping style, the record sounded as if he were experiencing an existential crisis.
The free-associative "Champion" is primarily composed of motivational lyrics, but West also briefly touches on the strained relationship he had with his father–who divorced from his mother when he was just three-years-old–eventually reaching the conclusion that even with their ups and downs, in the end, his father was a champion in his eyes. West described "Stronger" as an "emancipation", as he uses the song to vent his frustration over mistakes he has made in the past. He describes his tribulation's with music critics and media causing his return as a "Stronger" rapper, as the song title implies. "I Wonder" carries an introspective tone, retaining a chorus about finding one's dreams, while West uses the verses to describe the struggle a person experiences in determining the meaning behind their life and achieving those dreams. Inspired by watching Bono open stadium tours, West concentrated on speaking volumes without using too many words on the song and delivers his raps in an exuberant, staccato manner. Using the same vocal styling, "Flashing Lights" tells the operatic narrative of man contemplating the complexities of a tragic relationship. "Can't Tell Me Nothing" serves as West's reflection on his fame and is characterized by bitter remorse and defiant self-awareness. West begins the song by expounding his conflicted feelings regarding wealth and desire, describing a compulsion to spend that overwhelms any and all other objectives in life. He ties this into his perceived overall inability to keep himself together even as he grows into an increasingly prominent figure in the public eye.
West regains his lyrical dexterity on "Barry Bonds", a competitive, though friendly battle with Lil Wayne in which the two MC exchange braggadocios rhymes. The song uses Major League Baseball player Barry Bonds as a metaphor for West's ability to create music hits. "Drunk and Hot Girls" is a first-person narrative that illustrates a man courting an attractive intoxicated woman in a club but gets more than what he bargained for. "Everything I Am" is a song of self-examination, in which West attempts to confront his fallacies by surveying the consequences of his outspokenness ruminating over various ways people expect him to conduct himself. In the track, West addresses his indifference towards constructing a gangster persona, his refusal to dress and act like every other rapper, his inclination towards social commentary, and his lack of self-restraint. West comes to the conclusion that while he will never be able to live up to people's expectations and will alway |
en | wit-train-topic-005271471 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mittainvilliers-V%C3%A9rigny | Mittainvilliers-Vérigny | Introduction | Mittainvilliers-Vérigny | Mittainvilliers-Vérigny is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department of northern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 by merger of the former communes of Mittainvilliers and Vérigny. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271474 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Kempe | Rudolf Kempe | Introduction | Rudolf Kempe | Rudolf Kempe (14 June 1910 – 12 May 1976) was a German conductor. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271475 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Doisneau | Robert Doisneau | Awards and commemoration | Robert Doisneau / Awards and commemoration | Robert Doisneau was a French photographer. In the 1930s, he made photographs on the streets of Paris. He was a champion of humanist photography and with Henri Cartier-Bresson a pioneer of photojournalism.
Doisneau is renowned for his 1950 image Le baiser de l'hôtel de ville, a photograph of a couple kissing on a busy Parisian street.
He was appointed a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour in 1984 by then French president, François Mitterrand. | Kodak Prize, 1947
Niépce Prize, 1956 (Nicéphore Niépce)
Grand Prix National de la Photographie, 1983
Balzac Prize, 1986 (Honoré de Balzac)
Chevalier of the Order of the Legion of Honour, 1984.
Honorary Fellowship (HonFRPS) from the Royal Photographic Society, 1991.
The Maison de la photographie Robert Doisneau in Gentilly, Val-de-Marne, is a photography gallery named in his honour.
Several Ecole Primaire (primary schools) are named after him. Ecole élémentaire Robert Doisneau is at Véretz (Indre-et-Loire).
The Allée Robert Doisneau is named in his honour at the 'Parc de Billancourt' on the site of the old Renault factory at Boulogne-Billancourt.
On 14 April 2012, Google celebrated his 100th birthday with a Google Doodle. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271479 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Agency_for_Global_Media | U.S. Agency for Global Media | Introduction | U.S. Agency for Global Media | The U.S. Agency for Global Media (USAGM), formerly the Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG), is an independent agency of the United States government which operates various state-run media outlets. It describes its mission, "vital to US national interests", to "inform, engage, and connect people around the world in support of freedom and democracy" and in accordance to the "broad foreign policy objectives of the United States". USAGM supervises Voice of America (VOA), Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio y Televisión Martí, Radio Free Asia, and Alhurra.
The board of USAGM currently has only an advisory role; it previously supervised USAGM media networks directly, but was replaced with a single appointed chief executive officer as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017, which was passed in December 2016. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekaterina_Terekhova | Ekaterina Terekhova | Introduction | Ekaterina Terekhova | Ekaterina Terekhova (born 1987) is a Russian orienteering competitor and junior world champion.
She won a gold medal in the relay at the 2006 Junior World Orienteering Championships in Druskininkai, together with Tatiana Kozlova and Maria Shilova. She finished 5th in the sprint at the same championship. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271481 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toulouse | Toulouse | Notable people | Toulouse / Notable people | Toulouse is the capital of the French department of Haute-Garonne and of the region of Occitanie. The city is on the banks of the River Garonne, 150 kilometres from the Mediterranean Sea, 230 km from the Atlantic Ocean and 680 km from Paris. It is the fourth-largest city in France, with 479,553 inhabitants within its municipal boundaries, and 1,360,829 inhabitants within its wider metropolitan area, after Paris, Lyon and Marseille, and ahead of Lille and Bordeaux.
Toulouse is the centre of the European aerospace industry, with the headquarters of Airbus, the SPOT satellite system, ATR and the Aerospace Valley. It also hosts the European headquarters of Intel and CNES's Toulouse Space Centre, the largest space centre in Europe. Thales Alenia Space, ATR, SAFRAN, Liebherr-Aerospace and Airbus Defence and Space also have a significant presence in Toulouse.
The University of Toulouse is one of the oldest in Europe and, with more than 103,000 students, it is the fourth-largest university campus in France, after the universities of Paris, Lyon and Lille.
The air route between Toulouse–Blagnac and Paris Orly is the busiest in Europe, transporting 2.4 million passengers in 2014. | Several notable Toulousains have been scientists, such as Jean Dausset, 1980 winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; 17th-century mathematician Pierre de Fermat, who spent his life in Toulouse, where he wrote Fermat's Last Theorem and was a lawyer in the city's Parlement; Paul Sabatier, 1912 winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry; Albert Fert, 2007 winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics who grew up in Toulouse where he attended the Lycée Pierre-de-Fermat and Jean Tirole, owner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, chairman and founder of the Toulouse School of Economics along with Jean-Jacques Laffont.
Musically, Toulouse is one of the two controversial, disputed birthplaces of Carlos Gardel (the other being Tacuarembo, Uruguay), probably the most prominent figure in the history of the tango. The city's most renowned songwriter is Claude Nougaro. The composer and organist Georges Guiraud (1868–1928) was born in Toulouse.
Concerning arts, Toulouse is the birthplace of Impressionist painter Henri Martin as well as sculptors Alexandre Falguière and Antonin Mercié. Moreover, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres and Antoine Bourdelle were trained at the Toulouse fine arts school. Post Impressionist painter Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec's (1864-1901) father was Count Alphonse Charles de Toulouse-Lautrec Monfa (1838-1913) and was part of an aristocratic family of Counts of Toulouse, Odet de Foix, Vimcomte de Lautrec and the Viscounts of Montfa. French graffiti artist Cyril Kongo was born in Toulouse in 1969.
Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, one of the leaders of the First Crusade, was born in Toulouse. Aviation pioneer Clément Ader and psychiatrist Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol were also natives. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271482 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6blingen_am_See | Röblingen am See | History | Röblingen am See / History | Röblingen am See is a village and a former municipality in the Mansfeld-Südharz district, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the municipality Seegebiet Mansfelder Land, of which it is the administrative centre. | Röbling was first documented with the other three villages as Rebiningi in Friesenfeld in the Hersfeld Abbey tithe directory, which was created between 881 und 899. In 932, Röblingen am See was specifically mentioned in the Hersfeld tinthe directory as Seorebiningen in Comitati Sigfridi. The latter date was used for the 1075-year anniversary in 2007. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271483 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1lm%C3%A1n_T%C3%B3th_(footballer) | Kálmán Tóth (footballer) | Introduction | Kálmán Tóth (footballer) | Kálmán Tóth (born 13 August 1944) is a Hungarian footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1972 Summer Olympics. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271484 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safad_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine | Safad Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine | Depopulated towns and villages | Safad Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine / Depopulated towns and villages | The Safad Subdistrict was one of the subdistricts of Mandatory Palestine. It was located around the city of Safad. According to the 1947 Partition Plan, the Subdistrict was to lie entirely in the Jewish State. After the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the subdistrict, which fell entirely within modern-day Israel, became the modern-day Tzfat County in the Northern District. | (current localities in parentheses)
Abil al-Qamh (Yuval)
al-'Abisiyya
'Akbara
Alma (Alma)
Ammuqa ('Ammuqa)
Arab al-Shamalina (Almaghor)
Arab al-Zubayd
Baysamun
Biriyya (Birya)
al-Butayha (Almaghor)
al-Buwayziyya
Dallata (Dalton)
al-Dawwara ('Ammir, Sde Necheyma)
Dayshum (Dishon)
al-Dirbashiyya
al-Dirdara
Ein al-Zeitun
Fara
Farradiyya (Parod, Shefer)
Fir'im (Chatzor HagGlilit)
Ghabbatiyya
Ghuraba
al-Hamra'
Harrawi
Hunin (Margaliyot)
al-Husayniyya (Haluta, Sde Eliezer)
Jahula
al-Ja'una (Rosh Pinna)
Jubb Yusuf ('Ammi'ad)
Kafr Bir'im (Bar'am, Dovev)
al-Khalisa (Kiryat Shemona)
Khan al-Duwayr (Amnun)
Khirbat Karraza
al-Khisas (HagGoshrim)
Khiyam al-Walid (Lehavot HabBashan)
Kirad al-Baqqara (Gadot, Mishmar HayYarden)
Kirad al-Ghannama (Ayelet HashShachar, Gadot)
Lazzaza
Madahil
Al-Malkiyya (Malkiya)
Mallaha
al-Manshiyya
al-Mansura (Shear Yashuv)
Mansurat al-Khayt
Marus
Meiron (Meyron)
al-Muftakhira (Shamir)
Mughr al-Khayt (Chatzor HagGlilit, Rosh Pinna)
Khirbat al-Muntar
al-Nabi Yusha' (Ramot Naftali)
al-Na'ima (Beyt Hillel, Kfar Blum, Neot Mordechai)
Qabba'a
Qadas (Malkiya, Ramot Naftali, Yiftah)
Qaddita
Qaytiyya
al-Qudayriyya
al-Ras al-Ahmar (Kerem Ben Zimra)
Sabalan
Safsaf (Bar Yohay, Kfar Hoshen)
Saliha (Avirim, Yir'im)
al-Salihiyya
al-Sammu'i
al-Sanbariyya (Dafta, Mayan Barukh)
Sa'sa' (Sasa)
Safad (Safed)
al-Shawka al-Tahta
al-Shuna
Taytaba
Tulayl
al-'Ulmaniyya
al-'Urayfiyya
al-Wayziyya
Yarda (Ayelet HashShachar, Mishmar HayYarden)
al-Zahiriyya al-Tahta
al-Zanghariyya (Elifelet, Kare Deshe)
al-Zawiya (Neot Mordechai)
al-Zuq al-Fawqani (Yuval)
al-Zuq al-Tahtani (Beyt Hillel) |
en | wit-train-topic-005271486 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Cities_Cup | River Cities Cup | Rivalry continues (2017–2018) | River Cities Cup / Rivalry / Rivalry continues (2017–2018) | The River Cities Cup, also known as the Dirty River Derby, is a rivalry between American soccer clubs representing Cincinnati, Ohio and Louisville, Kentucky. From 2016 to 2018, the cities were respectively represented in the second-tier league now known as the USL Championship by FC Cincinnati and Louisville City FC. Both teams played in the Eastern Conference of what was then known as the United Soccer League, and the River Cities Cup was contested solely in regular-season matches between the two sides, with the winner of the regular-season series claiming the cup. After the 2018 season, FC Cincinnati ceased USL operations, with the ownership group having been awarded a Major League Soccer franchise that began play under the FC Cincinnati name in 2019. From that point forward, the rivalry only takes place if the two teams are drawn together in the U.S. Open Cup, with the first such meeting after FC Cincinnati's arrival in MLS taking place in 2019.
The teams are located in cities situated on the Ohio River and are separated by roughly 100 miles of Interstate 71. The winner of the regular-season series won the cup for that year. | Louisville and Cincinnati faced each other in their first non-USL match on May 31, 2017, when they met in the third round of the 2017 U.S. Open Cup, again hosted in Cincinnati. Although Djiby's six-game suspension (originating from the previous Cincinnati–Louisville match) had not yet ended, he was allowed to play as in-league suspensions do not apply to the U.S. Open Cup. Cincinnati won 1–0, with Djiby scoring the sole goal at the 48th minute.
The two clubs did not meet again until the next season, when Louisville won 1–0 at FC Cincinnati's home opener on April 7, 2018. Lou City officially retained the cup for 2018 with a 2–0 win on May 26, also at Nippert Stadium. Cincinnati defeated Louisville 1–0 in the final regular season match between the two clubs on September 11, 2018. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271487 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Caprona | Casa Caprona | Introduction | Casa Caprona | Built in 1926, the Casa Caprona (also known as the Markent Apartments) is a historic building in Fort Pierce, Florida, USA. It is located at 2605 St. Lucie Boulevard. Designed in the Mediterranean Revival style by architects Arthur Beck and J.K. Shinn, it was envisioned as the centerpiece for the proposed winter community of San Lucie Plaza. However, due to the collapse of the Florida land boom, the project failed. On June 2, 1984, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271489 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann-Elise_Hannikainen | Ann-Elise Hannikainen | Introduction | Ann-Elise Hannikainen | Ann-Elise Hannikainen (14 January 1946 – 19 November 2012) was a Finnish composer. She was born in Hanko, Finland, the daughter of Heikki and Marianne Hannikainen. She studied music in Finland at the Sibelius Academy with Einar Englund for composition and Tapani Valsta for piano. In 1972, she moved to Spain, where she studied composition with Ernesto Halffter Escriche at the Academia Moderne de Musica.
Hannikainen became Halffter's companion during his later life. After his death she moved back to Finland in 1989, and died in Helsinki in 2012. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriet_Jacobs | Harriet Jacobs | Writing of the manuscript | Harriet Jacobs / Biography / The autobiography / Writing of the manuscript | Harriet Jacobs was an African-American writer. Born into slavery in Edenton, North Carolina, she was sexually harassed by her master. When he threatened to sell her children, she hid in a tiny crawlspace under the roof of her grandmother's house, where she wasn't even able to stand. After staying there for seven years, she finally managed to escape to New York, where she was reunited with her children Joseph and Louisa Matilda and her brother John S. Jacobs. She found work as a nanny for the children of Nathaniel Parker Willis and got into contact with abolitionist and feminist reformers. Her autobiography, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, published in 1861, is now considered an "American classic".
During and immediately after the Civil War, she went to the Union-occupied parts of the South together with her daughter, organizing help and founding two schools for fugitive and freed slaves. | At first, Jacobs didn't feel that she was up to writing a book. She wrote a short outline of her story and asked Amy Post to send it to Harriet Beecher Stowe, proposing to tell her story to Stowe so that Stowe could transform it into a book. Before Stowe's answer arrived, Jacobs read in the papers that the famous author, whose Uncle Tom's Cabin, published in 1852, had become an instant bestseller, was going to England. Jacobs then asked Cornelia Willis to propose to Stowe that Jacobs's daughter Louisa accompany her to England and tell the story during the journey. In reply, Stowe forwarded the story outline to Willis and declined to let Louisa join her, citing the possibility of Louisa being spoiled by too much sympathy shown to her in England. Jacobs felt betrayed because her employer thus came to know about the parentage of her children, which was the cause for Jacobs feeling ashamed. In a letter to Post, she analyzed the racist thinking behind Stowe's remark on Louisa with bitter irony: "what a pity we poor blacks can[']t have the firmness and stability of character that you white people have." In consequence, Jacobs gave up the idea of enlisting Stowe's help.
In June 1853, Jacobs chanced to read a defense of slavery entitled "The Women of England vs. the Women of America" in an old newspaper. Written by Julia Tyler, wife of former president John Tyler, the text claimed that the household slaves were "well clothed and happy". Jacobs spent the whole night writing a reply, which she sent to the New York Tribune. Her letter, signed "A Fugitive Slave", published on June 21, was her first text to be printed. Her biographer, Jean Fagan Yellin, comments, "When the letter was printed ..., an author was born.".
In October 1853, she wrote to Amy Post that she had decided to become the author of her own story. In the same letter, only a few lines earlier, she had informed Post of her grandmother's death. Yellin concludes that the "death of her revered grandmother" made it possible for Jacobs to "reveal her troubled sexual history" which she could never have done "while her proud, judgmental grandmother lived."
While using the little spare time a children's nurse had to write her story, Jacobs lived with the Willis family at Idlewild, their new country residence. With N.P.Willis being largely forgotten today, Yellin comments on the irony of the situation: "Idlewild had been conceived as a famous writer's retreat, but its owner never imagined that it was his children's nurse who would create an American classic there".
By mid-1857 her work was finally nearing completion and she asked Amy Post for a preface. Even in this letter she mentions the shame that made writing her story difficult for herself: "as much pleasure as it would afford me and as great an honor as I would deem it to have your name associated with my Book –Yet believe me dear friend[,] there are many painful things in it – that make me shrink from asking the sacrifice from one so good and pure as your self–." |
en | wit-train-topic-005271495 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtown_railway_station,_Sydney | Newtown railway station, Sydney | History | Newtown railway station, Sydney / History | Newtown railway station is a heritage-listed railway station located on the Main Suburban line, serving the Sydney suburb of Newtown, in New South Wales, Australia. It is served by Sydney Trains T2 Inner West & Leppington line services. The railway station and the Newtown Tram Depot were jointly added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. | The original Newtown station opened on 26 September 1855 with the opening of the Main Suburban line. It was located to the west of King Street, about where the former Crago's Flour Mills now stand. Mortuary facilities were provided from 1875.
The line through Newtown was quadruplicated in 1892, and a new station was built at the present location. This station consisted of two side platforms and an island platform in the centre. The site of the original station became a goods yard.
In 1927 the line was further expanded to six tracks (four with electrification) and Newtown Station was demolished and replaced by the present station which served only the up and down local tracks. The new station was opened on 29 May 1927. The original overhead booking office was retained and its platform access was modified to serve only this new platform. The bookstall for NSW Bookstall was constructed in 1937. In c. 1975 the original roof of the platform building was removed and replaced with a lower profile roof. In 1989 the station was refurbished.
On 29 October 2012, a new entrance to the station was opened, constructed as part of a major upgrade to the station and surrounding precinct. The upgrade work included demolition of the existing platform building, replacing the platform surface and canopies, and the construction of a new concourse featuring lifts and enhanced stair access to the platform.
The existing access to the platform, via a single narrow flight of stairs connected to a heritage entrance building on King Street, was closed but retained as an emergency exit.
Several buildings were refurbished and converted to retail use, including the former entrance building. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271496 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Arnold_(conspirator) | Samuel Arnold (conspirator) | Introduction | Samuel Arnold (conspirator) | Samuel Bland Arnold (September 6, 1834 – September 21, 1906) was an American Confederate sympathizer involved in a plot to kidnap U.S. President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. He had joined the Confederate Army shortly after the start of the Civil War but was discharged due to health reasons in 1864. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271497 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter%27s_cisticola | Hunter's cisticola | Introduction | Hunter's cisticola | Hunter's cisticola (Cisticola hunteri) is a species of bird in the family Cisticolidae.
It is found in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda.
Its natural habitats are tropical moist montane and high-altitude shrubland. It is a dueting species. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271498 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moritz_F%C3%BCrstenau | Moritz Fürstenau | Introduction | Moritz Fürstenau | Moritz Ludwig Carl Ignaz Franz August Fürstenau (born 26 July 1824 and died on 27 March 1889, also in Dresden) was a German flautist and music historian. He left only a few works that gained little significance, but was extremely helpful as a theater historian.
With his former conductor Richard Wagner, he remained on friendly terms, standing by him even after his departure from Dresden. As an early admirer of him, he was in the 1870s with the founding of the Dresden Wagner Society and as early as 1854, he was already involved in the establishment of the Musicians Association, remaining chairman until his death. He also served as a delegate of the General German Musician Association. For his services he was granted the title of professor of music from the king. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271499 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shyoltozero | Shyoltozero | Culture | Shyoltozero / Culture | Shyoltozero is a rural locality in Prionezhsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located close to the shore of Lake Onega, 84 kilometers south of Petrozavodsk, the capital of the republic. Shyoltozero is the cultural center of the north Veps people, and during 1994–2004 it was the territorial center of Veps National Volost. | The Lonin Museum of Veps Ethnography in Shyltozero was founded in 1967 by a resident of Shyoltozero, sovkhoz worker Ryurik Lonin (1930–2009), who was originally from the village of Kaskesruchey. The museum was first housed in the library building, but then moved to a dedicated building. In the 1980s, the museum moved yet again, to its present location in a mid-19th century building, which is considered to be a monument of Karelian wooden architecture.
The museum also includes the Tuchin House that is located behind the Melkin House. During the Continuation War, it was the home of Dmitry Tuchin and his wife Mariya, who accommodated Soviet partisans in their house. Also a woman of Finnish extraction, Sylvi Paaso, lived in this house for eight months and radioed information on the movements of the Finnish troops to the Soviet military. The novel The Operation in the Vacuum Zone by Oleg Tikhonov tells about this period. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271503 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_architecture | Renaissance architecture | Netherlands | Renaissance architecture / Spread in Europe / Netherlands | Renaissance architecture is the European architecture of the period between the early 14th and early 16th centuries in different regions, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture. Stylistically, Renaissance architecture followed Gothic architecture and was succeeded by Baroque architecture. Developed first in Florence, with Filippo Brunelleschi as one of its innovators, the Renaissance style quickly spread to other Italian cities. The style was carried to France, Spain, Germany, England, Russia and other parts of Europe at different dates and with varying degrees of impact.
Renaissance style places emphasis on symmetry, proportion, geometry and the regularity of parts, as they are demonstrated in the architecture of classical antiquity and in particular ancient Roman architecture, of which many examples remained. Orderly arrangements of columns, pilasters and lintels, as well as the use of semicircular arches, hemispherical domes, niches and aediculae replaced the more complex proportional systems and irregular profiles of medieval buildings. | As in painting, Renaissance architecture took some time to reach the Netherlands and did not entirely supplant the Gothic elements. An architect directly influenced by the Italian masters was Cornelis Floris de Vriendt, who designed the city hall of Antwerpen, finished in 1564. The style sometimes known as Antwerp Mannerism, keeping a similar overall structure to late-Gothic buildings, but with larger windows and much florid decoration and detailing in Renaissance styles, was widely influential across Northern Europe, for example in Elizabethan architecture, and is part of the wider movement of Northern Mannerism.
In the early 17th century Dutch Republic, Hendrick de Keyser played an important role in developing the "Amsterdam Renaissance" style, which has local characteristics including the prevalence of tall narrow town-houses, the trapgevel or Dutch gable and the employment of decorative triangular pediments over doors and windows in which the apex rises much more steeply than in most other Renaissance architecture, but in keeping with the profile of the gable. Carved stone details are often of low profile, in strapwork resembling leatherwork, a stylistic feature originating in the School of Fontainebleau. This feature was exported to England. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brough_Sowerby | Brough Sowerby | Industry and economic activity | Brough Sowerby / Industry and economic activity | Brough Sowerby is a village and civil parish in the Eden district of Cumbria, England. It is located 22.3 miles south east of the town Penrith. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 127, increasing to 137 at the 2011 Census. The village is near the River Belah.
'A township in Brough parish, Westmoreland; 1½ mile S of Brough. Acres, 1,083. Real property with Kaber, £3,664. Pop., 140. Houses, 32.' There are quite a few Black Bull inns in the area surrounding Brough Sowerby, this comes from the old Scottish black cattle that were driven through Kirkby Stephen. | In the earliest census of 1801 the population was clearly in the categories 'chiefly employed in agriculture', those 'chiefly employed in trade, manufacturers or handicraft', and others. A medieval corn mill, Joiners and wheelright, a clogger and a blacksmith were recorded in 1829. In the 21st century, the main occupations are farming, building and vegetable oil refining. Coaching inn, the Black Bull, was recorded in 1810; still there today in 2012.
There are surprisingly many businesses currently located in Brough sowerby for such a small village. Most notably the disposal of waste oil is a service which is provided in Brough Sowerby by Bay oils Ltd, who are a family run company who have been working within the oil industry for over 25 years. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271508 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipke_Jan_Bousema | Sipke Jan Bousema | Introduction | Sipke Jan Bousema | Sipke Jan Bousema (Dokkum, 15 August 1976) is a Dutch presenter and actor. Bousema made his television debut in January 1999 at Teleac/NOT as the presenter for Schooltv Weekjournaal. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271509 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Antilla_(1939) | SS Antilla (1939) | Scuttling | SS Antilla (1939) / Scuttling | SS Antilla was a Hamburg America Line cargo ship that was launched in 1939 and scuttled in 1940.
Antilla was built for trade between Germany and the Caribbean, and was named accordingly. Antilla is a city in Holguín Province in eastern Cuba. | On 9 April Germany invaded Denmark and Norway. This increased the fear that the Netherlands would also be invaded, so on 12 April Dutch authorities in Aruba confined Antilla's crew to their ship. On 10 May Germany invaded the Netherlands so the Dutch government ordered the seizure of all German ships in the Dutch Antilles. At 0310 hrs on 10 May a section of Dutch Marines in two boats approached Antilla to board her but Schmidt refused to lower the gangway. The Dutch marines were commanded by a Captain who anticipated armed resistance from the German crew. He therefore postponed the boarding to first light, when a machine gun positioned ashore could provide cover.
The German crew used the delay to start scuttling Antilla. One crewman locked himself in the engine room, opened her seacocks and climbed out through the funnel. Other crew set fire to several parts of the ship. At 0500 hrs the Dutch marines boarded the ship and at 0530 the German crew was assembled on the poop deck. The Marines escorted the crew ashore in a lifeboat and handed them into the custody of the Royal Marechaussee.
At 0600 hours, two Netherlands Coastguard vessels, HM Aruba and HM Practico, reached Malmok Bay and found Antilla on fire. Two of Aruba's crew boarded Antilla, found the engine room and holds 4 and 5 ablaze, and that it was not possible to reach the seacocks in order to close them. After the Dutch marines had removed the German crew, Aruba fired two rounds at Antilla from her 37mm gun. By 0650 hours, Antilla was afire from bow to stern and she was listing 20 degrees to port. Aruba left Malmok Bay at 1130 hours, by which time Antilla's list had increased to 30 degrees and she was sinking. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwich_Terrier | Norwich Terrier | Breeding | Norwich Terrier / Breeding | The Norwich Terrier is a breed of dog originating in the United Kingdom, and was bred to hunt small rodents. With a friendly personality, Norwich Terriers are today mostly a companion dog breed. One of the smallest terriers, these dogs are generally healthy, but are relatively rare, due in part to their low litter size and the common need for caesarian sections. Their drop-eared variety is the Norfolk Terrier. Recognized as the "official breed of England" in 1932, Norwich Terriers have been delighting owners around the world as a hardworking, loyal companion dogs for nearly a century. | Norwich Terriers are difficult to breed. Many have Caesarean sections. The North American average litter size for 2007 is two puppies with the total number of puppies for the year, in the USA, at approximately 750.
There are breeding lines with higher average litter sizes as can be easily traced in pedigrees of kennel clubs who include such information, i.e. The Dutch Kennel Club. Similar information can be obtained at internet site of Finnish Kennel Club. Recently in the United States, there has been significant pedigree fraud. Sometimes these fake Norwich Terriers are sold over the internet. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271511 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DART_(satellite) | DART (satellite) | Additional demonstrations | DART (satellite) / Mission / Objectives / Additional demonstrations | DART, or Demonstration for Autonomous Rendezvous Technology, was a NASA sponsored project with the goal to develop and demonstrate an automated navigation and rendezvous capability in a NASA spacecraft. At the time of the DART mission, only the Russian Space Agency and JAXA had autonomous space craft navigation. Orbital Sciences Corporation was the prime contractor for construction, launch and operation of the DART vehicle with a project cost of $95 million US. The contract was awarded in June 2001 and the spacecraft was launched on April 15, 2005. The mission ended prematurely, very shortly after an anomalous slow-velocity collision with its target spacecraft, having completed less than half of the original mission autonomous rendezvous objectives. | Validate ground test results of the AVGS and proximity-operations algorithms
Provide hardware capabilities for future missions by validating the AVGS in the space environment |
en | wit-train-topic-005271512 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badules | Badules | Introduction | Badules | Badules is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2010 census the municipality has a population of 95 inhabitants.
Badules is located in the Campo de Daroca comarca. French singer Aurora Lacasa, who became famous in the former GDR, was the daughter of a Spanish Republican journalist born in Badules who went into exile to France and later to Hungary after the Spanish Civil War. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271514 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caulfield_East,_Victoria | Caulfield East, Victoria | Introduction | Caulfield East, Victoria | Caulfield East is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 10 km south-east from Melbourne's central business district. Its local government area is the City of Glen Eira.
The suburb contains landmarks such as the Caulfield Racecourse, Caulfield railway station, the Caulfield Campus of Monash University and Glen Eira College. The suburb is bounded by Booran Road and Kambrook Road to the west, Dandenong Road to the north, Grange Road to the east and Neerim Road to the south. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271515 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_Light_and_Coke_Company | Gas Light and Coke Company | Fulham | Gas Light and Coke Company / Gasworks / Fulham | The Gas Light and Coke Company, was a company that made and supplied coal gas and coke. The headquarters of the company were located on Horseferry Road in Westminster, London. It is identified as the original company from which British Gas plc is descended. | The Imperial Gas Company started construction of its works at Sands End in Fulham in 1824. Its ornately decorated number 2 gasholder is Georgian, completed in 1830 and reputed to be the oldest gasholder in the World. The Imperial Gasworks' neoclassical office building was completed in 1857 and a laboratory designed by the architect Sir Walter Tapper was added in 1927. All three structures are now Grade II listed buildings.
Coal was delivered by flatiron coastal colliers, which had a low-profile superstructure, hinged funnel and masts in order to pass under bridges upriver from the Pool of London. The GLCC had a new jetty built at Imperial Wharf in the 1920s.
Productive capacity: 32.5 million cubic feet per day in 1948. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271517 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Minnesota | National Register of Historic Places listings in Minnesota | Roseau County | National Register of Historic Places listings in Minnesota / Roseau County | This is a list of sites in Minnesota which are included in the National Register of Historic Places. There are more than 1,600 properties and historic districts listed on the NRHP; each of Minnesota's 87 counties has at least 2 listings. Twenty-two sites are also National Historic Landmarks.
Minneapolis listings are in the Hennepin County list; St. Paul's listings are in the Ramsey County list.
This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted August 7, 2020. | |
en | wit-train-topic-005271519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clara_Tabody | Clara Tabody | Introduction | Clara Tabody | Clara Tabody (1915–1986) was a Hungarian actress, singer and dancer. She starred in both the stage version of the operetta Mask in Blue and its 1943 film adaptation.
She worked for many years in Germany where at one point the studio Tobis Film briefly tried to build her up as a rival to her fellow Hungarian Marika Rökk, then working for UFA. After marrying an Italian she principally settled in that country.
Her sister Ida Turay was also an actress, known for her starring roles in Hungarian films. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271526 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streetball_Kosova | Streetball Kosova | Introduction | Streetball Kosova | Streetball Kosova is a traditional streetball tournament held since 2000, organised in the amphitheatre of the swimming pool in Germia Park, Pristina, Kosovo. Streetball Kosova 2014 was the 15th edition in a row without any break.
The interest for the games is large, hundreds of teams and thousands of players have participated. The teams are mixed and of different ages, and the games are viewed by a large number of people.
Streetball Kosova 2005 was the first tournament ever to be organised in the seven major cities of Kosovo.
Streetball Kosova 2006 was the first tournament ever to participate in the in New York City, USA.
In 2009 Streetball Kosova participated for the first time in the Prague International Streetball Cup in the Czech Republic. Team Akull Kosova represented the Streetball Kosova in PIS 2010 and placed third.
Streetball Kosova 2012, held on June 9 & 10, applied for the first time FIBA 3x3 rules. The tournament was divided in 3 competing categories; Senior Male, Senior Female and Junior's. Team Kujta won the tournament in the Senior class. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawkesdown_Hill | Hawkesdown Hill | Introduction | Hawkesdown Hill | Hawkesdown Hill is an Iron Age Hill fort close to Axmouth in Devon situated on a prominent hillside above the Axe Estuary. It is approximately 130 metres (430 ft) above sea level. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271528 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziegfeld_Follies | Ziegfeld Follies | Films based on the Ziegfeld Follies | Ziegfeld Follies / Films based on the Ziegfeld Follies | The Ziegfeld Follies was a series of elaborate theatrical revue productions on Broadway in New York City from 1907 to 1931, with renewals in 1934 and 1936. They became a radio program in 1932 and 1936 as The Ziegfeld Follies of the Air. | In 1937, at the 9th Academy Awards, the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film, The Great Ziegfeld produced the previous year won the Best Picture (called "Outstanding Production"), starring William Powell as Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr. and co-starring Myrna Loy (as Ziegfeld's second wife Billie Burke), Luise Rainer (as Anna Held, which won her an Academy Award for Best Actress), and Frank Morgan as Jack Billings. Featuring numbers by Ray Bolger, Dennis Morgan, Virginia Bruce, and Harriet Hoctor, the film gave a glimpse into what the Follies were really like. The show-stopper was the Irving Berlin-composed "A Pretty Girl Is Like a Melody", which, by itself, cost more to produce than one of Ziegfeld's entire stage shows.
In 1941 MGM released Ziegfeld Girl, starring Judy Garland, Lana Turner, Hedy Lamarr, James Stewart and Tony Martin. The film was set in the 1920s. Celebrated numbers from Ziegfeld Revues were recreated, including the famed "Wedding Cake" set which had been used for Metro's earlier film, The Great Ziegfeld. Judy Garland was filmed on the top of the cake. Charles Winninger, who had performed in the Follies of 1920, appeared as "Ed Gallagher" with Gallagher's real-life partner, Al Shean to recreate the duo's famous song "Mister Gallagher and Mister Shean". According to modern sources, Turner's character was modeled after Ziegfeld Girl Lillian Lorraine, who suffered a drunken fall into the orchestra pit during an extravagant number.
In 1946 MGM released a third feature film based on Ziegfeld's shows titled Ziegfeld Follies with Fred Astaire, Judy Garland, Lena Horne, William Powell (as Ziegfeld), Gene Kelly, Fanny Brice, Red Skelton, Esther Williams, Cyd Charisse, Lucille Ball, Kathryn Grayson, and others performing songs and sketches similar to those from the original Follies. Ziegfeld Follies was awarded the "Grand Prix de la Comedie Musicale" at the Cannes Film Festival in 1947, and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Art Direction-Set Decoration (black and white).
The 1964 stage musical Funny Girl, starring Barbra Streisand as Fanny Brice, depicts Fanny Brice's success with the Follies. The 1968 Columbia Pictures film of Funny Girl also starred Barbra Streisand as Brice and Walter Pidgeon as Florenz Ziegfeld. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271529 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toni_Innauer | Toni Innauer | Introduction | Toni Innauer | Anton Innauer (born 1 April 1958) is an Austrian former ski jumper. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borjgali | Borjgali | Modern usage | Borjgali / Modern usage | Borjgali is a Georgian symbol of the Sun with seven rotating wings. | Nowadays, the symbol is used in Georgian IDs and passports, as well as on currency and by the Georgian Rugby Union. Georgian rugby team players are called ბორჯღალოსნები (borjgalosnebi), which means "Men bearing Borjgali". It was also used on the naval ensign of Georgia during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Georgian nationalists often use symbol to emphasize national pride. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271534 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_anatomy | Fish anatomy | Introduction | Fish anatomy | Fish anatomy is the study of the form or morphology of fishes. It can be contrasted with fish physiology, which is the study of how the component parts of fish function together in the living fish. In practice, fish anatomy and fish physiology complement each other, the former dealing with the structure of a fish, its organs or component parts and how they are put together, such as might be observed on the dissecting table or under the microscope, and the latter dealing with how those components function together in living fish.
The anatomy of fish is often shaped by the physical characteristics of water, the medium in which fish live. Water is much denser than air, holds a relatively small amount of dissolved oxygen, and absorbs more light than air does. The body of a fish is divided into a head, trunk and tail, although the divisions between the three are not always externally visible. The skeleton, which forms the support structure inside the fish, is either made of cartilage (cartilaginous fish) or bone (bony fish). The main skeletal element is the vertebral column, composed of articulating vertebrae which are lightweight yet strong. The ribs attach to the spine and there are no limbs or limb girdles. The main external features of the fish, the fins, are composed of either bony or soft spines called rays which, with the exception of the caudal fins, have no direct connection with the spine. They are supported by the muscles which compose the main part of the trunk.
The heart has two chambers and pumps the blood through the respiratory surfaces of the gills and then around the body in a single circulatory loop. The eyes are adapted for seeing underwater and have only local vision. There is an inner ear but no external or middle ear. Low frequency vibrations are detected by the lateral line system of sense organs that run along the length of the sides of fish, which responds to nearby movements and to changes in water pressure.
Sharks and rays are basal fish with numerous primitive anatomical features similar to those of ancient fish, including skeletons composed of cartilage. Their bodies tend to be dorso-ventrally flattened, and they usually have five pairs of gill slits and a large mouth set on the underside of the head. The dermis is covered with separate dermal placoid scales. They have a cloaca into which the urinary and genital passages open, but not a swim bladder. Cartilaginous fish produce a small number of large yolky eggs. Some species are ovoviviparous, having the young develop internally, but others are oviparous and the larvae develop externally in egg cases.
The bony fish lineage shows more derived anatomical traits, often with major evolutionary changes from the features of ancient fish. They have a bony skeleton, are generally laterally flattened, have five pairs of gills protected by an operculum, and a mouth at or near the tip of the snout. The dermis is covered with overlapping scales. Bony fish have a swim bladder which helps them maintain a constant depth in the water column, but not a cloaca. They mostly spawn a large number of small eggs with little yolk which they broadcast into the water column. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_circle | Magic circle | Introduction | Magic circle | A magic circle is a circle of space marked out by practitioners of some branches of ritual magic, which they generally believe will contain energy and form a sacred space, or will provide them a form of magical protection, or both. It may be marked physically, drawn in a material like salt or chalk, or merely visualised.
The Sumerians called the practice of using ritual circles Zisurrû. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Le_Bitoux | Jean Le Bitoux | Introduction | Jean Le Bitoux | Jean Le Bitoux (16 August 1948 – 21 April 2010) was a French journalist and gay activist. He was the founder of Gai pied, the first mainstream gay magazine in France. He was a campaigner for Holocaust remembrance of homosexual victims. He was the author of several books about homosexuality. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271538 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Alberta_municipal_censuses | 2014 Alberta municipal censuses | Introduction | 2014 Alberta municipal censuses | Alberta has provincial legislation allowing its municipalities to conduct municipal censuses between April 1 and June 30 inclusive. Municipalities choose to conduct their own censuses for multiple reasons such as to better inform municipal service planning and provision, to capitalize on per capita based grant funding from higher levels of government, or to simply update their populations since the last federal census.
Alberta had 357 municipalities between April 1 and June 30, 2014, down from 358 as at June 30, 2013, which marked the closure of the 2014 legislated municipal census period. At least 39 of these municipalities (10.9%) conducted a municipal census in 2014. Alberta Municipal Affairs recognized those conducted by 37 of these municipalities. By municipal status, it recognized those conducted by 13 of Alberta's 17 cities, 18 of 108 towns, 3 of 93 villages, 1 of 51 summer villages and 2 of 64 municipal districts. In addition to those recognized by Municipal Affairs, censuses were conducted by the Town of Drayton Valley and the Municipal District of Lesser Slave River No. 124.
Some municipalities achieved population milestones as a result of their 2014 censuses. Airdrie and Cochrane grew beyond the 50,000 and 20,000 marks respectively, while both Beaumont and Cold Lake exceeded 15,000. The towns of Morinville, St. Paul and Raymond surpassed 9,000, 6,000 and 4,000 residents respectively, while the Municipal District (MD) of Lesser Slave River No. 124 exceeded 3,000. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271540 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keeseville,_New_York | Keeseville, New York | Notable people | Keeseville, New York / Notable people | Keeseville is a hamlet in Clinton and Essex counties, New York, in the United States. The population was 1,815 at the 2010 census. The hamlet was named after the Keese family, early settlers from Vermont. It developed along the Ausable River, which provided water power for mills and industrial development.
Keeseville is in the towns of Au Sable and Chesterfield and is south of the city of Plattsburgh. It is located inside what are now the boundaries of Adirondack Park, which was authorized in the 20th century.
On January 23, 2013, the town's selectboard voted to dissolve the village. As of 2016, the U.S. Census Bureau continues to list Keeseville as a village. It should eventually be redefined as a census-designated place. | Keeseville is the birthplace of William Henry Jackson, born April 4, 1843, who became a renowned photographer of the frontier and the Civil War. He also was known as an accomplished American painter.
Jackson was an explorer and photographer who accompanied various geologic surveys of the time. His photographs of the American frontier are famous, and his glass negatives are held in museums around the United States. Jackson joined the U.S. Army in 1862 and was present at the Battle of Gettysburg.
Architect Isaac G. Perry also lived in Keeseville. He was active in upstate New York, designing churches and public buildings in the late 19th century that have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerithiella_metula | Cerithiella metula | Introduction | Cerithiella metula | Cerithiella metula is a species of very small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Newtoniellidae. This species is known from European waters, the Gulf of Maine, the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, and the United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone. It was described by Lovén, in 1846. It is a predator, omnivore, and scavenger. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_railway_(Vietnam) | North–South railway (Vietnam) | Infrastructure rehabilitation | North–South railway (Vietnam) / Safety / Infrastructure rehabilitation | The North–South railway is the principal railway line serving the country of Vietnam. It is a single-track metre gauge line connecting the capital Hanoi in the north to Ho Chi Minh City in the south, for a total length of 1,726 km. Trains travelling this line are sometimes referred to as the Reunification Express, although no particular train carries this name officially. The line was established during French colonial rule, and was completed over a period of nearly forty years, from 1899 to 1936. As of 2005, there were 278 stations on the Vietnamese railway network, of which 191 were located along the North–South line.
From World War II through to the Vietnam War, the entire North–South railway sustained major damage from bombings and sabotage. Owing to this damage, and to a subsequent lack of capital investment and maintenance, much of the infrastructure along the North–South railway remains outdated or in poor condition; in turn, lack of infrastructure development has been found to be a root cause for railway accidents along the line, including collisions at level crossings and derailments. | The condition of railway infrastructure in Vietnam, although improving, is still poor enough overall to require rehabilitation. Rail transport only became a national priority for the Vietnamese government around the mid-1990s, at which point most of the railway network was severely degraded, having received only temporary repair from damages suffered during decades of war.
From 1994 to 2005, a major bridge rehabilitation project took place on the North–South railway line, with the Pacific Consultants International Group and Japan Transportation Consultants providing consultancy services. The overall project cost was JPY 11,020 million, or 18% less than the budgeted cost. The overall results of the project included a reduction in running hours from one end of the line to the other (from 36 hours in 1994 to 29 hours in 2007); an increase of speed limits on rehabilitated bridges (from 15 to 30 km/h (9.3 to 18.6 mph) to 60 to 80 km/h (37 to 50 mph), which contributed to the reduction in running hours; and a reduction in the number of railway accidents throughout the line.
In 2007, Vietnam Railways awarded an additional VND 150 billion (US$9.5 million) five-year contract for consultancy services to Japan Transportation Consultants, the Pacific Consultants International Group, and the Japan Railway Technical Service (Jarts), regarding a VND 2.47 trillion project to further improve bridge and railway safety on the North–South line. The project's goals include the refurbishment of 44 bridges and 37.6 km (23.4 mi) of railway tracks, the building of two new railway bridges and a new railway station at Ninh Bình, and the purchase of 23 track machines. The project was expected to be completed in 2010. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochester-Genesee_Regional_Transportation_Authority | Rochester-Genesee Regional Transportation Authority | From Private to Public | Rochester-Genesee Regional Transportation Authority / History / From Private to Public | The Rochester-Genesee Regional Transportation Authority is a New York State public-benefit corporation which provides transportation services in the eight-county area in and around Rochester, New York. Currently, RGRTA oversees the daily operation of eleven subsidiaries under the parent company of the RGRTA, including paratransit services. | With postwar prosperity came increased use of automobiles and the spread of population out to the suburbs. Rochester Transit Corporation was plagued by labor unrest, and strikes in 1952 and 1965 ground the system to a halt. A dispute over job listings and seniority caused a brief two-day strike in May 1967. With the transit workers contract coming to an end that fall, stalled negotiations led to another strike in November 1967. The work stoppage continued through the holiday season, and with no end in sight, the City of Rochester drew up a plan to condemn and purchase the transit company operations. Over the objections of RTC, the strike came to an end on January 25, 1968, and the city contracted with National City Management Company to operate the bus lines as Rochester Transit Service.
Rochester-Genesee Regional Transportation Authority (RGRTA) was formed in 1968 by a state act of government which also formed three similar agencies in Syracuse, Buffalo, the Capital District around Albany and New York City. The RGRTA took over the former RTC bus operation from the City of Rochester and later began expanding bus service to outlying suburban and rural areas. The lines that made up the former RTC service became part of the Regional Transit Service (RTS) in Rochester and Monroe County. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271546 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Coley | William Coley | Introduction | William Coley | William Bradley Coley (January 12, 1862 – April 16, 1936) was an American bone surgeon and cancer researcher best known for his early contributions to the study of cancer immunotherapy. Although his work was not proven effective in his lifetime, modern discoveries and research in immunology have led to a greater appreciation for his work in cancer immunotherapy and his targeted therapy, Coley's toxins. Today, Coley is recognized as the "Father of Cancer Immunotherapy" for his contributions to the science. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271547 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leathermouth | Leathermouth | Introduction | Leathermouth | Leathermouth (often typeset as LeATHERMØUTH) was an American hardcore punk band led by Frank Iero. The band formed in 2007, and in January 2009 released their first album XO. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271548 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confolens | Confolens | Introduction | Confolens | Confolens (French: [kɔ̃.fɔ.lɑ̃] ; Occitan: Cofolents) is a commune in southwestern France. It is one of the two sub-prefectures of the Charente department. Confolens is the administrative center of a largely rural district, which has seen the development of tourism in recent years. On 1 January 2016, the former commune Saint-Germain-de-Confolens was merged into Confolens. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271549 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Pacific_Yachts | North Pacific Yachts | Yacht models | North Pacific Yachts / Yacht models | North Pacific Yachts is a privately held company based in Surrey, British Columbia which builds 44 to 59 feet recreational trawler motoryachts, which it produces in Ningbo, China. | North Pacific currently produces 7 models. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_Annunciata_in_Chiesa_Rossa | Santa Maria Annunciata in Chiesa Rossa | Introduction | Santa Maria Annunciata in Chiesa Rossa | Santa Maria Annunciata in Chiesa Rossa is a church in Milan, via Neera 24. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271551 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annabella_Lwin | Annabella Lwin | Introduction | Annabella Lwin | Annabella Lwin (born Myant Myant Aye, Burmese: မြတ်မြတ်အေး, 31 October 1966) is an English-Burmese singer, songwriter and record producer best known as the lead singer of Bow Wow Wow. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271553 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_bin_Yahya | Ahmad bin Yahya | Early career and 1948 coup | Ahmad bin Yahya / Biography / Early career and 1948 coup | Ahmad bin Yahya Hamidaddin was the penultimate king of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen, who reigned from 1948 to 1962. His full name and title was H.M. al-Nasir-li-Dinullah Ahmad bin al-Mutawakkil 'Alallah Yahya, Imam and Commander of the Faithful, and King of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of the Yemen.
Ahmad's ruthless, arbitrary and inconsistent rule made him the subject of a coup attempt, frequent assassination attempts and eventually lead to the downfall of the kingdom shortly after his death. His enemies ranged from ambitious family members to forward-looking pan-Arabists and Republicans and from them he was given the name "Ahmad the devil." He remained surprisingly popular among his subjects, particularly the northern tribesmen from whom he had the name "Big Turban." For his remarkable ability to narrowly escape numerous assassination attempts, he was known as al-Djinn.
Like his father, Ahmad was profoundly conservative, but nevertheless forged alliances with the Soviet Union, Communist China and the Republic of Egypt, all of which provided economic and military aid to the kingdom. | In the 1920s and 1930s, Ahmad assisted his father in putting together his kingdom through strategy, diplomacy, tribal warfare and intrigue. Ahmad was appointed governor of Ta'izz from 1918 to 1948. In 1927 he was named wali ahad, effectively the crown prince.
From his father, Ahmad learned a deep distrust for the new and a profound aversion to any change in medieval methods of governance. While governor he surrounded himself with reformers, however. He always tried to keep the factions close to him but his volatile temper often betrayed him. In 1944 at his court in Ta'izz, he was heard to exclaim, "I pray God I do not die before I colour my sword here with the blood of these modernists." The outburst caused Ahmad Muhammad Nu'man, Muhammad al-Zubayri and other future "liberals" (in the Yemen sense of Yemeni independents and moderate reformers) to quit his court and flee to Aden. There they founded the Free Yemeni Movement.
His arbitrary and erratic behavior, however, did not diminish his popularity in Ta'izz. While governor he razed the tomb of Ibn Alwan without any protest from Shafi'i clerics. He was not a doctrinaire Zaidi, however. In 1952 he imprisoned in the notorious Hajjah dungeons Zaidis who attacked a cleric in Ibb for a sermon praising the three caliphs before Ali. Although his soldiers were Zaidi and the population of Ta'izz Shaff'i, a British observer found "there is almost universal loyalty to the Yemen, if not to the person of the Imam ..."
In February 1948 Yahya, three of his sons and his chief adviser were assassinated in a coup, in which the religious leader Abdullah bin Ahmed al-Wazir was proclaimed Imam. Yahya's son (and Ahmad's brother) Ibrahim bin Yahya was appointed head of the "constitutional government." Ibrahim had been in open revolt against his father for a year having fled and joined a group called "Free Yemenites" in the Aden Protectorate in 1946. The plan to simultaneously murder Ahmad in Ta'izz failed, and he advanced on Hajjah where loyal tribes supplied his forces.
Abdullah was established in Sana'a. Yahya's third son, Hasan Hamid al-Din, then governor of the southern province of Ibb but beloved by the northern tribes, rallied those forces to his brother Ahmad's cause, entered Sana'a and ended the short-lived revolutionary government. Ahmad rewarded him with the offices of prime minister and governor of Sana'a. With the support of the northern tribes as well as Ahmad's Shafi'i stronghold in Ta'izz, the conspirators were rounded up in four weeks. Most were beheaded. The new Imam Ahmad, all-Nasir li-Din Allah ("the Protector of God's Religion") would rule from Ta'izz, while Sana'a was given over to looters. Unaffiliated liberals were also swept up in the net. About thirty were beheaded, while the rest were left in dungeons. Most were released in two years, often after writing obsequious flattery of the imam, but others were left in prison for much longer. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271556 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status_of_Gibraltar | Status of Gibraltar | Spanish restrictions | Status of Gibraltar / Re-emergence of dispute / Spanish restrictions | Gibraltar, a British Overseas Territory, located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula, is the subject of an irredentist territorial claim by Spain. It was captured in 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession. The Spanish Crown formally ceded the territory in perpetuity to the British Crown in 1713, under Article X of the Treaty of Utrecht. Spain later attempted to recapture the territory during the thirteenth siege and the Great Siege. British sovereignty over Gibraltar was confirmed in later treaties signed in Seville and the Treaty of Paris.
Reclamation of the territory became government policy under the regime of the dictator Francisco Franco and has remained in place under successive governments following the Spanish transition to democracy. The Gibraltarians themselves reject any such claim and no political party or pressure group in Gibraltar supports union with Spain. In a referendum in 2002 the people of Gibraltar rejected a joint sovereignty proposal on which Spain and the United Kingdom were said to have reached "broad agreement". The British Government now refuses to discuss sovereignty without the consent of the Gibraltarians. | After the Spanish constitution, Spain was still reluctant to re-open the border because of the consequences it might have. However the border was re-opened in 1984, allowing free access between both sides, although Spain did not open ferry services until later. Further problems have been encountered regarding the airport, as it is placed on disputed neutral land. Under the Lisbon Agreement of 1980:
Both Governments have reached agreement on the re-establishment of direct communications in the region. The Spanish Government has decided to suspend the application of the measures at present in force.
This was to include reinstatement of a ferry service between Gibraltar and Algeciras. This was finally reinstated after 40 years, on 16 December 2009, operated by the Spanish company Transcoma.
At the end of 2006, the restrictions on the airport were removed as a result of the Córdoba Agreement (2006) and direct flights from Madrid by Iberia started operation.
On 22 September 2008, however, Iberia announced that it would cease its flights to Madrid by 28 September due to "economic reasons", namely, lack of demand. This left Gibraltar without any air links with Spain, until May 2009 when Air Andalus opened a service. Air communications with Spain ceased again in August 2010, when Air Andalus lost its licence.
Spain demonstrated opposition to Gibraltar's membership of UEFA. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_Building_(Toledo,_Ohio) | Ohio Building (Toledo, Ohio) | Introduction | Ohio Building (Toledo, Ohio) | The Ohio Building is a 178 ft (54 m) tall high-rise building located at 420 Madison Avenue in Downtown Toledo. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimosodaphnella_solomonensis | Rimosodaphnella solomonensis | Introduction | Rimosodaphnella solomonensis | Rimosodaphnella solomonensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae. |
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