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en | wit-train-topic-005271782 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_sensing_atmospheric_boundary_layer | Remote sensing atmospheric boundary layer | Closed cells | Remote sensing atmospheric boundary layer / Planetary boundary layer clouds / Closed cells | Remote sensing of the planetary boundary layer refers to the utilization of ground-based, flight-based, or satellite-based remote sensing instruments to measure properties of the planetary boundary layer including boundary layer height, aerosols and clouds. Satellite remote sensing of the atmosphere has the advantage of being able to provide global coverage of atmospheric planetary boundary layer properties while simultaneously providing relatively high temporal sampling rates. Advancements in satellite remote sensing have provided greater vertical resolution which enables higher accuracy for planetary boundary layer measurements.
The radiative forcing for marine boundary layer clouds is imperative for understanding any global warming changes. Low-level clouds, including MBL clouds, have the largest net radiative forcing of all clouds.
The albedo of these low level clouds is much higher than the albedo of the underlying ocean surface and correctly modeling these clouds is needed to limit the uncertainty in climate model predictions. | Closed cells contain cloud filled regions in the center of the hexagon formation with cloud free regions on the edge of the hexagon. The closed cell has slow rising motion in the middle and faster descending motion at the edges. Closed cells tend to occur over warmer waters such as those associated with the Kuroshio Current and the Gulf Stream.
Closed cellular patterns are generally formed under weak convective mixing in the lower levels with an inversion layer cap. They commonly occur in the eastern sections of subtropical high pressure regions or in the southeastern quadrant of polar highs. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271783 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libre_Clothing | Libre Clothing | Introduction | Libre Clothing | Libre Clothing is a clothing line designed for dialysis and chemotherapy patients who lack comfort and warmth during their treatment. The clothing has hidden zipper access points to expose a port or infusion site on the patient's body. The port areas include the arm, upper thigh, or chest. The articles of clothing in which Libre specializes in are comfortable sweaters, sweatshirts, and sweatpants. Libre Clothing has partnered with hospitals, dialysis clinics, and the National Kidney Foundation to help spread awareness of their new innovative product. 5% of all proceeds go towards one of their partner charity organizations.
The name Libre was chosen because it means open or free. It refers to both the openings in the clothing and the feeling patients have while wearing the products. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271784 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauda_equina_syndrome | Cauda equina syndrome | Introduction | Cauda equina syndrome | Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a condition that occurs when the bundle of nerves below the end of the spinal cord known as the cauda equina is damaged. Signs and symptoms include low back pain, pain that radiates down the leg, numbness around the anus, and loss of bowel or bladder control. Onset may be rapid or gradual.
The cause is usually a disc herniation in the lower region of the back. Other causes include spinal stenosis, cancer, trauma, epidural abscess, and epidural hematoma. The diagnosis is suspected based on symptoms and confirmed by medical imaging such as MRI or CT scan.
CES is generally treated surgically via laminectomy. Permanent bladder problems, sexual dysfunction or numbness may occur despite surgery. A poor outcome occurs in about 20% of people despite treatment. About 1 in 70,000 people is affected every year. It was first described in 1934. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271785 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysome_profiling | Polysome profiling | The procedure | Polysome profiling / The procedure | Polysome profiling is a technique in molecular biology that is used to study the association of mRNAs with ribosomes. It is important to note that this technique is different from ribosome profiling. Both techniques have been reviewed and both are used in analysis of the translatome, but the data they generate are at very different levels of specificity. When employed by experts, the technique is remarkably reproducible: the 3 profiles in the first image are from 3 different experiments. | The procedure begins by making a cell lysate of the cells of interest. This lysate contains polysomes, monosomes (composed of one ribosome residing on an mRNA), the small (40S in eukaryotes) and large (60S in eukaryotes) ribosomal subunits, "free" mRNA and a host of other soluble cellular components.
The procedure continues by making a continuous sucrose gradient of continuously-variable density in a centrifuge tube. At the concentrations used (15-45% in the example), sucrose does not disrupt the association of ribosomes and mRNA. The 15% portion of the gradient is at the top of the tube, while the 45% portion is at the bottom because of their different density.
A specific amount (as measured by optical density) of the lysate is then layered gently on top of the gradient in the tube. The lysate, even though it contains a large amount of soluble material, is much less dense than 15% sucrose, and so it can be kept as a separate layer at the top of the tube if this is done gently.
In order to separate the components of the lysate, the preparation is subjected to centrifugation. This accelerates the components of the lysate with many times the force of gravity and thus propels them through the gradient based upon how "big" the individual components are. The small (40S) subunits travel less far into the gradient than the large (60S) subunits. The 80S ribsomes on an mRNA travel further (note that the contribution of the size of the mRNA to the distance traveled is not significant). Polysomes composed of 2 ribosomes travel further, polysomes with 3 ribsomes travel further still, and on and on. The "size" of the components is designated by S, the svedberg unit. Note that one S = 10⁻¹³ seconds, and that the concept of "big" is actually an oversimplification.
After centrifugation, the contents of the tube are collected as fractions from the top (smaller, slower traveling) to bottom (bigger, faster traveling) and the optical density of the fractions is determined. The first fractions removed have a large amount of relatively small molecules, such as tRNAs, individual proteins, etc. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eccymatoge | Eccymatoge | Introduction | Eccymatoge | Eccymatoge is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271788 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_O%27Connor | Josef O'Connor | Work | Josef O'Connor / Work | Josef O'Connor is a British Irish artist. His multi-disciplinary works include interactive media and digital content. | In 2007, O'Connor launched the digital art platform "Pollocks" in an attempt to challenge the traditional gallery model, by providing a virtual space for young creatives to upload and share their work online.
In 2008, starting with the re-appropriation of empty retail space on London's Carnaby Street, O’Connor invited members of the public to contribute to the evolution of "Blank Canvas". The performance ran for two weeks, with live musical performances from Laura Marling and Ladyhawke. Other notable contributors included Annie Lennox, Levi Palmer, Marc Quinn and photographer Rankin. Later in the year, O’Connor exhibited alongside Marlene Dumas as part of the Free Art Fair at The Barbican Centre in London.
Inspired by the Global Financial Crisis, O’Connor presented 'Worthless', a live art installation that parodied the iconic retail giant Woolworths, the public was encouraged to submit their 'worthless' item and have it transformed into a work of art. Once transformed, participants were invited to buy back the works, for the sum of money that they believed it was worth.
In response to the 2010 General Election, O’Connor launched ‘Billbored’- a non-partisan viral art initiative that allowed the general public, artists and designers to submit a digital billboard artwork featuring their personal political slogans and manifestos for change. Designs were projected in a guerilla campaign onto famous London landmarks, including Big Ben, Tate Modern, St Paul's Cathedral and The Bank of England.
In 2012, O'Connor entered into the Gagosian Gallery's 'Spot Challenge'. Utilizing social media with the #AVERAGEJOE hashtag, he crowdfunded £10,000 in a week to fund a trip around the world and making a global community of 286 shareholders the unlikely winners of a Damien Hirst Spot Print. Mirroring a period of extreme disadvantage and political upheaval, O’Connor's multidisciplinary artwork is currently being made into a film. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_Prawiro | Radius Prawiro | Introduction | Radius Prawiro | Dr. Radius Prawiro, Drs.ec., AK (29 June 1928 in Yogyakarta – 26 May 2005 in Munich) was an Indonesian economist and politician. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271790 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Christchurch_mayoral_election | 1998 Christchurch mayoral election | Introduction | 1998 Christchurch mayoral election | The 1998 Christchurch mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections of that year. Garry Moore of the centre-left Christchurch 2021 ticket was elected over thirteen other candidates, and replaced Vicki Buck as Mayor. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271792 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontenac,_Kansas | Frontenac, Kansas | Introduction | Frontenac, Kansas | Frontenac is the second largest city in Crawford County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 3,437. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aker_Stadion | Aker Stadion | Attendance | Aker Stadion / Attendance | The Aker Stadion is an all-seater football stadium located at Reknes in Molde, Norway, and is the home of Eliteserien club Molde. The stadium has a current capacity of 11,249 spectators.
The building was designed by architect Kjell Kosberg. It cost 212 million kr, most of which was paid for by club-owner Kjell Inge Røkke—after whom the ground has been nicknamed "Røkkeløkka". The main construction work took place 1997, and the stadium was inaugurated on 18 April 1998 in a league game against Lillestrøm, replacing Molde idrettspark as Molde's home ground. The stadium was nominated for the FIABCI Prix D' Excellence and awarded the City Prize in 1999. The record attendance of 13,308 was set in a league match against Rosenborg in 1998. The same year, the arena hosted its first international match, where Norway beat Saudi Arabia 6–0. The following year, when Molde reached the UEFA Champions League, the stadium was converted to an all-seater, reducing its capacity. Since May 2006, the stadium name has been sponsored by Røkke's company Aker. The grass pitch was replaced with artificial turf in 2014. | The stadium has hosted more than 10,000 spectators 38 times, including the international game between Norway and Saudi Arabia, which attracted 13,114 spectators. Molde FK has attracted such attendance thirty-four times in Eliteserien, of which thirteen have been against Rosenborg BK and eight in derbies against Aalesunds FK. In addition, two high-attendance matches have been played in Champions League and one in the Norwegian Cup. The all-time record dates from the 1998 derby with Rosenborg BK, which was followed by 13,308 spectators.
The highest average attendance at Aker Stadion over a league season was 9,817, set in the 2011 season. The lowest average attendance at Aker Stadon came in the 2004 season, when an average of 5,554 spectators watched each game.
The following list includes the attendance for Molde FK during the home domestic league matches. It excludes cup and UEFA tournaments. In 2007, the club played in the 1. divisjon. The table includes average, minimum and maximum attendance, in addition to the attendance rank among the top-league teams. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271797 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_Sports_Museum_and_Hall_of_Fame | Delaware Sports Museum and Hall of Fame | Introduction | Delaware Sports Museum and Hall of Fame | The Delaware Sports Museum and Hall of Fame is a membership-based organization founded in 1976. The organization runs a museum with exhibits at Daniel S. Frawley Stadium on the Riverfront in Wilmington, Delaware and promotes physical fitness in the community.
The museum is a member of the International Sports Heritage Association. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271798 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booksmith | Booksmith | Introduction | Booksmith | Founded in October 1976, The Booksmith is an independent bookstore located in the Haight Ashbury neighborhood of San Francisco. When first opened, the store was located at 1746 Haight Street, below the former I-Beam nightclub. In 1985, the store moved to its current location at 1644 Haight Street at Belvedere, about a block and a half from the intersection of Haight and Ashbury. Other neighborhood businesses include the Persian Aub Zam-Zam, Recycled Records, Amoeba Music, and Ben & Jerry's Ice Cream. Also located nearby is the Haight Ashbury Free Clinic.
The Booksmith caters to neighborhood residents as well as tourists seeking the counter-cultural ambiance of Haight Street. The Booksmith is general interest shop, and is a member of both the Northern California Independent Booksellers Association (NCIBA) and the American Booksellers Association (ABA).
In June 2007, The Booksmith was sold by its founder Gary Frank to married couple Christin Evans and Praveen Madan. The original business was closed, and a new business, Haight Booksmith LLC, opened in its place. According to media reports at the time, the new owners plan to take the store in a different direction.
In May 2011, SF Weekly in its "Best of San Francisco" issue named Booksmith the city's "Best Reimagined Bookstore." Describing the changes to the bookstore, "The new owners gutted the clogged entranceway, feng shui-ed the interior, and gave it a cool Victorian steampunk black-and-teal paint job... with more than 200 in-store author readings a year, Booksmith is more of a literary mecca than ever." |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271801 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberystwyth | Aberystwyth | Middle Ages | Aberystwyth / History / Middle Ages | Aberystwyth is an ancient market town, administrative centre, community, and holiday resort in Ceredigion, Wales. It is located near the confluence of the Ystwyth and the Afon Rheidol.
Aberystwyth is in the historic county of Cardiganshire. Since the late 19th century, it has been a major Welsh educational centre, with the establishment of a university college there in 1872. At the 2001 census, the town's population was 15,935; it was reduced to 13,040 at the 2011 Census. During nine months of the year, there is an influx of students—to a total number of 10,400 as of September 2012.
Including the suburbs of Llanbadarn Fawr, the population is 16,420, the built-up area having a population of 18,749. | The recorded history of Aberystwyth may be said to date from the building of a fortress in 1109 by Gilbert Fitz Richard (grandfather of Richard de Clare, known as Strongbow, the Cambro-Norman lord notable for his leading role in the Norman invasion of Ireland). Gilbert Fitz Richard was granted lands and the lordship of Cardigan by Henry I, including Cardigan Castle. The fortress built in Aberystwyth was located about a mile and a half south of today's town, on a hill over the south bank of the Ystwyth River, thus giving the settlement of Aberystwyth its name. The location is now known as Tan-Y-Castell.
Aberystwyth was usually under the control of the princes of Deheubarth, but its position close to the border with Gwynedd and Powys left it vulnerable to attacks from the leaders of those polities. The town was attacked by Gwenwynwyn ab Owain in 1197, an assault in which Maelgwn ap Rhys was captured. Llywelyn the Great attacked and seized the town in late 1208, building a castle there before withdrawing.
Edward I replaced Strongbow's castle in 1277, after its destruction by the Welsh. His castle was, however, built in a different location, at the current Castle Hill, the high point of the town. Between the years 1404 and 1408 Aberystwyth Castle was in the hands of Owain Glyndŵr but finally surrendered to Prince Harry (the future King Henry V of England). Shortly after this, the town was incorporated under the title of Ville de Lampadarn (the ancient name of the place being Llanbadarn Gaerog or the fortified Llanbadarn, to distinguish it from Llanbadarn Fawr, the village one mile (1.6 km) inland. It is thus styled in a Royal charter granted by Henry VIII but, by Elizabeth I's time, the town was invariably named Aberystwyth in all documents. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271802 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarra_Track | Yarra Track | Introduction | Yarra Track | The Yarra Track is the former name of the gold fields road from Healesville to the Woods Point and Jordan Goldfields, in Victoria, Australia. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachhagel | Bachhagel | Introduction | Bachhagel | Bachhagel is a municipality in the district of Dillingen in Bavaria in Germany. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271809 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Junior_College | Catholic Junior College | Introduction | Catholic Junior College | Catholic Junior College (CJC) (Chinese: 公教初级学院) is a junior college in Singapore, offering a two-year course for pre-university students leading to the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Advanced Level examination. Founded in 1975, Catholic Junior College was the third junior college to be established in Singapore. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271810 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picacho,_California | Picacho, California | History | Picacho, California / History | Picacho is an unincorporated community in Imperial County, California. It is located on the Colorado River 29 miles south-southeast of Palo Verde, at an elevation of 203 feet.
Picacho, now a ghost town, was an early mining town on the Colorado River. It was named Picacho after a nearby mountain of the same name.
The original townsite itself is beneath Imperial Reservoir, but remains of some of the ore mills are above the lake level. The area is within Picacho State Recreation Area. The site is now registered as California Historical Landmark #193. | Spaniards probably mined placer gold in the area as early as 1780. The area became very active when prospector Jose Maria Mendivil discovered gold veins in the nearby hills in the early 1860s. Prospectors originally used the dry placering method because the scarcity of water did not permit regular gold panning methods. Dry placering consisted of shoveling sand and gravel onto a blanket and shaking the blanket until only the heavier gold particles remain. A "blanketful" of gold could yield over $20 in gold at 1860s prices.
Mendivil laid out the townsite of Rio, which was soon renamed Picacho. During Picacho's heyday Mendivil sold his claims and homesteaded a section of land along the river bank where he laid out the town, naming the streets after his daughters. The town had a population of 2,500, three stores, three elementary schools, numerous saloons, and was served by steamboats of the Colorado River that connected the mining towns along the Colorado River. Besides mining, men were employed on the stages, as ranchers and cowboys on neighboring homesteads, and many men labored as woodcutters in the desert washes to fuel the boilers of the paddlewheel steamboats that called at the town landing 48 miles up river from Arizona City.
The Neahr Stamp Mill ruin remains clearly visible on the shore. The huge building was constructed in 1877-8 of hand cut native rhyolite stone. David Neahr, a Yuma Businessman, enlarged an earlier mill to ten stamps, successfully crushing ore from Medivil's Apache Claim. Neahr expanded the operation and bought up additional claims but was forced into bankruptcy when his manager embezzled $7,000. the Neahr mill had subsequent owners but none of the operations there were overly successful or productive.
Stephen A. Dorsey greatly exaggerated Picacho's productiveness. He formed the California King Gold Mines Co. with speculator's money and built a 450-short-ton (410 t) stamp mill. A narrow gauge railroad was constructed to haul ore from the mines at the peak to the mill on the river. The best years of production were 1904-1906 after which Dorsey left with his profits. The mine payroll peaked at 700 men. Declining ore quality and mill accidents ended most of the organized mining efforts by around 1910, and the filling of the lake behind Imperial Dam flooded what was left of the original townsite in 1938.
A post office operated at Picacho from 1894 to 1926, moving in 1926. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271811 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaumont,_Alberta | Beaumont, Alberta | Introduction | Beaumont, Alberta | Beaumont (/ˈboʊmɒnt/ BOH-mont) is a city in Leduc County within the Edmonton Metropolitan Region of Alberta, Canada. It is located at the intersection of Highway 625 and Highway 814, adjacent to the City of Edmonton and 6.0 kilometres (3.7 mi) northeast of the City of Leduc. The Nisku Industrial Park and the Edmonton International Airport are located 4.0 kilometres (2.5 mi) to the west and 8.0 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the southwest respectively.
Originally a French farming community, Beaumont is now a city with 19,236 people. Its downtown core resembles a French village with unique architecture and red brick walkways. It is named for the "beautiful hill" on which St. Vital Church, built in 1919, is located within the centre of the city. The name was selected in 1895 as part of a petition for a post office. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kecak | Kecak | Dancers | Kecak / Performance / Dancers | Kecak, known in Indonesian as tari kecak, is a form of Balinese hindu dance and music drama that was developed in the 1930s in Bali, Indonesia. Since its creation it has been performed primarily by men, with the very first women's kecak group starting in 2006. The dance is based on the story of the Ramayana and is traditionally performed in temples and villages across Bali.
Also known as the Ramayana monkey chant, the dance is performed by a circle of as many as 150 performers wearing checked cloths around their waists, percussively chanting "chak" and moving their hands and arms. The performance depicts a battle from the Ramayana, in which the monkey-like Vanaras, led by Hanuman, help Prince Rama fight the evil King Ravana. Kecak has roots in sanghyang, a trance-inducing exorcism dance. | The dancers consist of two types: the kecak male-chanters and the main Ramayana dancers who play the roles of Sita, Rama, Lakshmana, Ravana, Hanuman, Jatayu, etc. Some of the kecak male-chanters who chant chak-chak-chak have their own tasks during the performance. One individual is responsible for maintaining the beat of the chant by chanting "po-po-po-po". Another man serves as the leader of the chorus, instructing them to stop or start the chanting by yelling command vocals such as "Diih!", "Chiaaat!", etc. There is also a man whose job is to sing during the chanting; he sings in a melodious or rhythmic tone according to the situation of the dance with vocalizations such as "Shiiir-yang-ngger-yang-nggur-yang-nggeer". Another man, known as the dalang, narrates the story during the dance, usually in Balinese and Sanskrit. The men chosen for these tasks are usually the senior male dancers. The remaining chanters chant "chak-chak-chak" continuously and simultaneously with harmony.
The dancers who represent the core Ramayana characters are considered an essential part of the dance. Rama, Sita, Lakshmana, and the Golden Deer, whose movements are gentle and smooth, are sometimes played by female dancers who are trained in such styles of movement. Men play muscular characters such as Ravan, Hanuman, Sugriv, etc. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stapleton,_Richmondshire | Stapleton, Richmondshire | Introduction | Stapleton, Richmondshire | Stapleton is a village and civil parish in the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England. It is close to the River Tees and Darlington. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271814 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Grodenchik | Barry Grodenchik | Introduction | Barry Grodenchik | Barry Grodenchik (born February 12, 1960) is the New York City Council member for the 23rd District. He is a Democrat. The district includes portions of Bayside, Queens, Bellerose, Douglaston, Floral Park, Fresh Meadows, Glen Oaks, Hollis, Hollis Hills, Holliswood, Jamaica Estates, Little Neck Oakland Gardens and Queens Village in Queens. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurizio_Pollini | Maurizio Pollini | Introduction | Maurizio Pollini | Maurizio Pollini (born January 5, 1942) is an Italian pianist. He is known for performances of compositions by Beethoven, Chopin and Debussy, among others. He has also championed and performed works by contemporary composers such as Pierre Boulez, Karlheinz Stockhausen, George Benjamin, Roberto Carnevale, Gianluca Cascioli and Bruno Maderna. Works composed for him include Luigi Nono's ..... sofferte onde serene ..., Giacomo Manzoni's Masse: omaggio a Edgard Varèse and Salvatore Sciarrino's Fifth Sonata. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271820 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalaun_district | Jalaun district | Introduction | Jalaun district | Jalaun district is a district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The district is named after the town of Jalaun, which was the former headquarters of a Maratha governor, but the administrative headquarters of the district is at Orai. Other large towns in the district are Konch, Kalpi, and Madhogarh. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starbucks | Starbucks | Music, film, and television | Starbucks / Music, film, and television | Starbucks Corporation is an American multinational chain of coffeehouses and roastery reserves headquartered in Seattle, Washington. As the world's largest coffeehouse chain, Starbucks is seen to be the main representation of the United States' second wave of coffee culture. As of early 2020, the company operates over 30,000 locations worldwide in more than 70 countries. Starbucks locations serve hot and cold drinks, whole-bean coffee, microground instant coffee known as VIA, espresso, caffe latte, full- and loose-leaf teas including Teavana tea products, Evolution Fresh juices, Frappuccino beverages, La Boulange pastries, and snacks including items such as chips and crackers; some offerings are seasonal or specific to the locality of the store.
Headquartered in the Starbucks Center, the company was founded in 1971 by Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl, and Gordon Bowker at Seattle's Pike Place Market. During the early 1980s, they sold the company to Howard Schultz who – after a business trip to Milan, Italy – decided to make the coffee bean store a coffeeshop serving espresso-based drinks. | Hear Music began as a music catalog company in 1990, adding a few retail locations in the San Francisco Bay Area. Hear Music was purchased by Starbucks in 1999. In 2002, they produced a Starbucks opera album, featuring artists such as Luciano Pavarotti, followed in March 2007 by the hit CD "Memory Almost Full" by Paul McCartney, making McCartney the first artist signed to the new Hear Music label sold in Starbucks outlets. In 2006, the company created Starbucks Entertainment, one of the producers of the 2006 film Akeelah and the Bee. Retail stores advertised the film before its release and sold the DVD.
Starbucks has become the subject of a protest song, "A Rock Star Bucks a Coffee Shop" by Neil Young and his band, Promise of the Real. This single from the album The Monsanto Years criticized both Starbucks's alleged use of genetically modified food and the GMO company Monsanto. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_pollution_control_vessel_Hylje | Finnish pollution control vessel Hylje | Introduction | Finnish pollution control vessel Hylje | Hylje (799) is a combined pollution cleanup ship and vehicle transport ship built in 1981 and refitted in 1990–1991. She is operated by a civilian crew from the Ministry of the Environment, but is under Finnish Navy control. The vessel can act as a landing ship and logistic support vessel. The vessel has a capacity to carry 100 tons of deck cargo and its bow ramp can unload vehicles up to 42 tons. The vessel is equipped with oil and oil-slurry collection tanks with a total capacity of 1,410 cubic metres (50,000 cu ft). The vessel can be operated in light ice. Hylje is equipped with a 6-ton crane. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271824 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mah%C4%81vyutpatti | Mahāvyutpatti | Introduction | Mahāvyutpatti | The Mahāvyutpatti (Devanagari: महाव्युत्पत्ति, compound of महत् (in compounds often महा) - great, big, and व्युत्पत्ति f. - science, formation of words, etymology; Wylie: Bye-brag-tu rtogs-par byed-pa chen-po), The Great Volume of Precise Understanding or Essential Etymology, was compiled in Tibet during the late eighth to early ninth centuries CE, providing a dictionary composed of thousands of Sanskrit and Tibetan terms designed as means to provide standardised Buddhist texts in Tibetan, and is included as part of the Tibetan Tengyur (Toh. 4346). It is the earliest substantial bilingual dictionary known.
The Mahāvyutpatti is traditionally attributed to the reign of Ralpacan (c. 838), "but as Professor Tucci has pointed out (Tombs of the Tibetan Kings, pp. 14–15), it undoubtedly goes back to his predecessor Sad-na-legs, and one might well assume, in its actual conception, even back to the time of Khri Srong-lde-brtsan, when these problems were first seriously confronted...." So, whatever the case, it must be dated prior to 838 CE, and probably to the time of Sadnalegs (reigned c. 800–815 CE).
Several Indian pandits were consulted before the translation began. A committee of three Tibetan translators who had definitely been translating during the reign of Sadnalegs, 'Bro Ka.ba dPal.brtsegs, Cog.ro kLu'i rgyal.mtshan, and sNa.nam Ye.she.sde, was set up to do the actual translation.
"Using this new lexical standard, the mistakes and misinterpretations of the older translations were corrected, and omissions were restored. Overtranslated works were reduced, and previously untranslated works were put into Tibetan. The final amendments to the Mahavyutpatti were carried out by the four great Indian panditas, Jinamitra, Surendrabodhi, Bhiryakarapha and Dhanashila, who were asked to correct the work of the Tibetan translators. When the translations were completed, they were proclaimed definitive and no further revisions permitted."
The original dictionary contained 9,565 lexical entries divided into 277 chapters, and was in three volumes – one on the Hinayana, one on the Mahayana, and one of indexes. Three editions were made and installed at pho.brang lDan.mkhar, 'Phang-thang, and mChims.phu.
Another book, the sGra-sbyor bam-po gnyis-pa, or 'Word-Combination', a two-part work, definitely produced during the reign of Sadnalegs, clearly describes in its opening words how the dictionary was produced:
"The Western scholars, the teachers Jinamitra, Surendrabodhi, Śīlendrabodhi, Dānaśīla and Bodhimitra together with the Tibetan scholars, Ratnarakṣita and Dharmatāśīla and others, having made translations from the Sanskrit of both Mahāyāna and Hīnayāna into Tibetan, made an index of the words they had used. The order was given that one should never translate apart from that criterion and that everyone should become familiar with it. Out of the many terms used previously in the time of my Father, Offspring of the Gods, by the teacher Bodhisattva (Śāntarakṣita), Jñānendra, Zḥang-blon Nyen-nya-bzang, Blon Khri-bzher Sang-shi, together with the translators Jñānadevakoṣa, lTse Khyi-'brug and the Brahman Ānanda and others, in the translation of a religious language which had not been promulgated in Tibet, there are some that failed to accord with religious criteria or with grammatical usage. Thus those that were unacceptable in their unrevised state, were revised. The linguistic terms which required elucidation were accumulated and then depending on their usage in basic Mahāyāna and Hīnayāna texts, also upon their usage by the great masters of former times such as Nāgārjuna and Vasubandhu and the meaning that was to be extracted in accordance with grammatical usage, those that were difficult to understand were separated into their parts and then prescribed as a rule with the clear meaning given. Simple terms that did not require elucidation and that might be suitable translated according to their ordinary meaning (literally; just as they sounded) were prescribed as terms with these fixed meanings. As for some words, which had to be fixed in ac |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_DiZoglio | Diana DiZoglio | Early life and career | Diana DiZoglio / Early life and career | Diana DiZoglio is an American state legislator serving in the Massachusetts Senate. She is a Methuen resident and a member of the Democratic Party. In 2018, DiZoglio won the 1st Essex District State Senate seat, which includes Newburyport, Methuen, Haverhill, Merrimac, Amesbury, Salisbury, and four of eight precincts in North Andover. DiZoglio previously represented the 14th Essex District, which includes portions of North Andover, Methuen, Lawrence and Haverhill. She previously served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 2013 until her election to the Massachusetts Senate in 2018. | DiZoglio was born in Methuen, Massachusetts, graduating from Methuen High School in 2002. She attended Wellesley College, graduating with a Bachelor's of Arts in Psychology and Spanish. DiZoglio also attended Middlesex Community College, graduating with an associate degree in Psychology. Prior to being elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives, DiZoglio worked as chief-of-staff to Edward A. Kelly, president of the Professional Fire Fighters of Massachusetts (PFFM). She also served as a legislative aide in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, worked for multiple non-profit organizations and was a small business owner. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271829 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mt._Angel,_Oregon | Mt. Angel, Oregon | Education | Mt. Angel, Oregon / Education | Mt. Angel is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States. It is 18 miles northeast of Salem, Oregon, on Oregon Route 214. The population was 3,286 at the 2010 census. Mt. Angel is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area. | Mt. Angel is served by the three-school Mt. Angel School District, which includes John F. Kennedy High School.
Colegio César Chávez was a college-without-walls program that existed in Mt. Angel from 1973 until 1983. At the time, the Colegio was the only four-year Latino college in the country. The college was supported by Chicano activist Cesar Chavez, who himself visited the college on two occasions. In 1978, the college graduated more Mexican American students than Oregon State University and University of Oregon combined. Cipriano Ferrel, who would later found the Oregon farmworker's union Pineros y Campesinos Unidos del Noroeste, graduated from Colegio Cesar Chavez. In the mid-1980s, the former Colegio grounds and building were purchased by a private buyer and donated to the Benedictine sisters. The Benedictine sisters now operate St. Joseph Shelter in the former Colegio building and dorms. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271831 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fry%27s_Army | Fry's Army | Departure | Fry's Army / History / Departure | Fry's Army was the informal name given to a short-lived radical protest movement organized in Los Angeles, California in 1894 and headed by trade union and socialist political activist Lewis C. Fry. Fry's Army was one of about 40 "Industrial Armies" formed in 1894 to organize and transport unemployed workers for a march on Washington, D.C., the best remembered of which was the Ohio-based movement known as Coxey's Army.
Beginning with an enrollment of 850 people, the "army" made a difficult cross-country journey by foot following the refusal of railroads to transport the protestors. Two trains were stolen in the course of the march, which brought Fry's Army into conflict with the authorities. Key support was gained from the Governor of Texas, which prevented mass arrest or a worse outcome, but rail transport ended in St. Louis and the remaining members of the group began a difficult march by foot. In these adverse conditions the movement melted away, splitting into rival factions in Indiana. Only a small handful of protestors eventually arriving in Washington, DC with Fry, where their protest efforts were ineffectual. | Fry initially attempted to garner the support of the Southern Pacific Railroad for his effort in the form of provision of free railroad passage. The railroad unsurprisingly refused this request and on March 16, 1894, Fry and a reduced force of 600 disciplined supporters set out on foot to make the several thousand mile trek from Los Angeles on the west coast to Washington, DC on the east. The group seized a Southern Pacific train at Ontario, California and proceeded with it some 20 miles eastward to Colton, California, where several thousand pounds of hardtack, bacon, and beans were gathered by sympathizers.
Thus provisioned, the stolen train proceeded eastwards across the desert lands of the Southwestern United States, making it as far as El Paso, Texas. In El Paso the group raised additional provisions from sympathetic citizens following a peaceful march through town before stealing another train, which railroad officials permitted to depart the town with about 800 people aboard. Once outside the city, the stolen train was intentionally sidetracked at the tiny town of Sierra Blanca, Texas, where the Texas Rangers moved in at the railroad's behest to hold the train-stealing "Industrial Army" as de facto prisoners.
Texas Governorn "Big Jim" Hogg was sympathetic to the cause of Fry's Army, however, and he ordered the Rangers to end their action against what he termed the "petition in boots." In a show of public support, Gov. Hogg sent a telegram to the Dallas Times Herald declaring
"When a railroad company hauls tramps or unemployed penniless men into this State it cannot dump them into a barren desert and murder them by torture and starvation without atoning for it, if there is any virtue in the machinery of justice. Nor will I permit them to be shot down on Texas soil by any armed force whatever, no matter how much the Southern Pacific and the other enemies of the state may howl about the commune."
A standoff emerged between the railroad, which continued to hold Fry's Army as virtual prisoners in an essentially unpopulated desert whistle stop, and the so-called Industrial Army and their supporters. The stalemate was broken only when trade unions and concerned citizens of El Paso raised funds to pay for provisions and a special train with five passenger coaches and two baggage cars to transport the unemployed workers as far as San Antonio.
Fry was aware that he was targeted for arrest as the ringleader of the train-stealing escapade and he attempted to elude arrest by boarding a passing freight train. He was soon discovered, however, and removed from the train, making his own way to the state capital of Austin, where the rest of Fry's Army was now located. An effort was made to march to the Governor's mansion to thank him for his support but this was prevented by local police, who packed the would-be protestors tightly into boxcars and sent the group north to St. Louis. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271832 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bla%C5%BE_Kav%C4%8Di%C4%8D | Blaž Kavčič | Introduction | Blaž Kavčič | Blaž Kavčič (born 5 March 1987) is a Slovenian professional tennis player. He turned professional in 2005.
He considers clay his favourite surface. He was the highest ranked Slovenian male player ever, achieving a career-high of World No. 68 in August 2012, until Aljaž Bedene began to play for Slovenia again in January 2018, overtaking him with a career high ranking of 49. He became first Slovenian ATP singles player to: achieve a Top 100 ranking, win a Grand Slam main draw match and perform at the Summer Olympics. He became the second Slovene ATP player earning over 1 million US dollars in prize money and highest ever paid Slovene player in history. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Gazsi | Alexander Gazsi | Introduction | Alexander Gazsi | Alexander Gazsi (born 6 October 1984) is a German ice dancer. With partner Nelli Zhiganshina, he is a six-time German national champion (2007, 2011–2015) and has won twelve international medals. They have placed as high as 6th at the European Championships and 10th at the World Championships. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toughening | Toughening | Ductile phase crack bridging | Toughening / Toughening in composites / Ductile phase crack bridging | Toughening is the improvement of the fracture resistance of a given material. The material's toughness is described by irreversible work accompanying crack propagation. Designing against this crack propagation leads to toughening the material.
When a crack propagates, the associated irreversible work in different materials classes is different. Thus, the most effective toughening mechanisms differ among different materials classes. The crack tip plasticity is important in toughening of metals and long-chain polymers. Ceramics have limited crack tip plasticity and primarily rely on different toughening mechanisms. | When fiber is ductile, the work from plastic deformation mainly contributes to the improvement of toughens. The additional toughness contributed by plastic deformation can be expressed by:
where is a constant between 1.5-6, is the flow stress of fibers, is the fracture strain of fibers, is the fraction of fibers, and is the debond length. From the equation, it can be found that higher flow stress and longer debond length can improve the toughening. However, longer debond length usually lead to a decrease of flow stress because of loss of constraint for plastic deformation.
The toughness in a composite with ductile phase toughening can also be shown using stress intensity factor, by linear superposition of the matrix and crack bridging based on solutions by Tada. This model can predict behavior for small-scale bridging (bridge length << crack length) under monotonic loading conditions, but not large scale bridging.
where is the fracture toughness of the matrix, is the toughening due to crack bridging, is the bridge length, is the distance behind the crack tip, is the uniaxial yield stress, and is a constraint/ triaxiality factor. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulla_Qahhor | Abdulla Qahhor | Introduction | Abdulla Qahhor | Abdulla Qahhor (sometimes spelled Abdulla Kahhar in English) (Uzbek: Abdulla Qahhor, Абдулла Қаҳҳор) (September 17, 1907 – May 25, 1968) was an Uzbek novelist, short story writer, poet, playwright, and literary translator. He is best remembered as the author of the 1951 novel Qoʻshchinor chiroqlari (The Lights of Qoʻshchinor) and the 1958 story Sinchalak. In addition to writing numerous short stories and novels, Qahhor translated the works of many famous Russian writers, such as Alexander Pushkin, Anton Chekhov, and Nikolai Gogol into the Uzbek language. In particular, he translated The Captain's Daughter of Pushkin, Marriage and The Government Inspector of Gogol, and, together with his wife Kibriyo Qahhorova, War and Peace of Leo Tolstoy.
Qahhor is considered to be one of the best Uzbek writers of the 20th century and has been called the "Chekhov" of Uzbeks. He received the prestigious State Stalin Prize in 1952 and a National Writer of the Uzbek SSR award in 1967. In 2000, Qahhor was posthumously awarded the National Order of Merit (Uzbek: Buyuk xizmatlari uchun), one of independent Uzbekistan's most prestigious awards. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kel-Tec_P-32 | Kel-Tec P-32 | Introduction | Kel-Tec P-32 | The Kel-Tec P-32 is a sub-compact semi-automatic pistol using the short-recoil principle of operation that is chambered in .32 ACP. It was designed by George Kellgren. It is manufactured by Kel-Tec CNC Industries Inc., of Cocoa, Florida and was designed for concealed carry by citizens and by law enforcement officers as a back-up gun. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Texas | North Texas | Tollways | North Texas / Transportation / Major highways / Tollways | North Texas is a term used primarily by residents of Dallas, Fort Worth, and surrounding areas to describe much of the northern portion of the U.S. state of Texas. Residents of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex generally consider North Texas to include the area south of Oklahoma, east of Abilene, west of Paris, and north of Waco. A more precise term for this region would be the northern part of the central portion of Texas. It does not include the Panhandle of Texas, which expands further north than the region previously described, nor does it include most of the region near the northern border of Texas.
Today North Texas is centered upon the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex, the largest metropolitan area in Texas and the Southern United States. People in the Dallas and Fort Worth areas sometimes use the terms "Metroplex", "DFW", and "North Texas" interchangeably. However, North Texas refers to a much larger area that includes many rural counties along the northern border. During the early years of the Civil War, there were many Unionists in the rural counties, as there were few slaveholders. | |
en | wit-train-topic-005271847 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gda%C5%84ska_Street_in_Bydgoszcz | Gdańska Street in Bydgoszcz | Tenement at No.188 | Gdańska Street in Bydgoszcz / Monuments and main edifices / Tenement at No.188 | Gdańska Street is one of the main street of downtown Bydgoszcz, Poland. Initially, the street was a thoroughfare, but in the second half of the 19th century, it turned residential. It ran from the Brda river to Bydgoszcz northern part of town an has gradually become the city center of trade and entertainment. During the interwar period, Gdańska street was the third longest street in Bydgoszcz with a total length of 3.19 km.
The street connects the Old Town with the northern areas of Bydgoszcz agglomeration. The southern part is the real "spinal column" of Bydgoszcz downtown and the most architecturally representative, while the northern part - from the Municipal Stadium to the northern boundaries of the city- is bordered by Forest Park of Culture and Leisure and the Gdańsk Forest. Rich architecturally, Gdańska Street has got many buildings listed on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage list. | 1930-1939
Modern architecture.
Initially, the building was supposed to billet officers. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271850 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_City_Indian_School | Rapid City Indian School | Introduction | Rapid City Indian School | The Rapid City Indian School was located in Rapid City, South Dakota, and has since been converted into both an asylum and a hospital. The school opened 1898 as part of the federal government's off-reservation boarding school movement for Native Americans and was shut down in 1933 to become a tuberculosis center. The hospital in the past few years has been listed on the market and is currently being considered for demolition, even though local tribes had tried to claim back the land in the past. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McKinley_Climatic_Laboratory | McKinley Climatic Laboratory | Introduction | McKinley Climatic Laboratory | The McKinley Climatic Laboratory is both an active laboratory and a historic site located in Building 440 on Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. The laboratory is part of the 96th Test Wing. In addition to Air Force testing, it can be used by other US government agencies and private industry.
On October 6, 1997, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. The laboratory was named a National Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1987. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271852 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_F-2_(SS-21) | USS F-2 (SS-21) | Introduction | USS F-2 (SS-21) | USS F-2 (SS-21) was an F-class submarine built for the United States Navy during the 1910s. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271853 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Chapel,_Heathfield | Ebenezer Chapel, Heathfield | Introduction | Ebenezer Chapel, Heathfield | Ebenezer Chapel is a Strict Baptist place of worship in the hamlet of Broad Oak, part of the parish of Heathfield in the English county of East Sussex. The chapel was built in 1864.
An Independent Baptist congregation was founded here in 1835 by a Horsham-based preacher. The present chapel is aligned to the Gospel Standard movement and was built in 1864. It is timber-framed, partly weatherboarded and rendered, and has been extended several times. Above the entrance there is a gable.
The chapel is licensed for worship in accordance with the Places of Worship Registration Act 1855 and has the registration number 9014. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Hinduism | History of Hinduism | Modern Hinduism (after c. 1850 CE) | History of Hinduism / Modern Hinduism (after c. 1850 CE) | History of Hinduism denotes a wide variety of related religious traditions native to the Indian subcontinent. Its history overlaps or coincides with the development of religion in the Indian subcontinent since the Iron Age, with some of its traditions tracing back to prehistoric religions such as those of the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilization. It has thus been called the "oldest religion" in the world. Scholars regard Hinduism as a synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions, with diverse roots and no single founder.
The history of Hinduism is often divided into periods of development. The first period is the pre-Vedic period, which includes the Indus Valley Civilization and local pre-historic religions, ending at about 1750 BCE. This period was followed in northern India by the Vedic period, which saw the introduction of the historical Vedic religion with the Indo-Aryan migrations, starting somewhere between 1900 BCE to 1400 BCE. The subsequent period, between 800 BCE and 200 BCE, is "a turning point between the Vedic religion and Hindu religions", and a formative period for Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism. The Epic and Early Puranic period, from c. | With the onset of the British Raj, the colonization of India by the British, there also started a Hindu Renaissance in the 19th century, which profoundly changed the understanding of Hinduism in both India and the west. Indology as an academic discipline of studying Indian culture from a European perspective was established in the 19th century, led by scholars such as Max Müller and John Woodroffe. They brought Vedic, Puranic and Tantric literature and philosophy to Europe and the United States. Western orientalist searched for the "essence" of the Indian religions, discerning this in the Vedas, and meanwhile creating the notion of "Hinduism" as a unified body of religious praxis and the popular picture of 'mystical India'. This idea of a Vedic essence was taken over by Hindu reform movements as the Brahmo Samaj, which was supported for a while by the Unitarian Church, together with the ideas of Universalism and Perennialism, the idea that all religions share a common mystic ground. This "Hindu modernism", with proponents like Vivekananda, Aurobindo and Radhakrishnan, became central in the popular understanding of Hinduism. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharpsburg,_North_Carolina | Sharpsburg, North Carolina | Introduction | Sharpsburg, North Carolina | Sharpsburg is a town in Edgecombe, Nash, and Wilson counties, North Carolina, United States. It is part of the Rocky Mount, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,024 at the 2010 Census. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271858 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatown,_San_Francisco | Chinatown, San Francisco | Origins: 1850s | Chinatown, San Francisco / History / Origins: 1850s | The Chinatown centered on Grant Avenue and Stockton Street in San Francisco, California, is the oldest Chinatown in North America and the largest Chinese enclave outside Asia. It is also the oldest and largest of the four notable Chinese enclaves within San Francisco. Since its establishment in 1848, it has been highly important and influential in the history and culture of ethnic Chinese immigrants in North America. Chinatown is an enclave that continues to retain its own customs, languages, places of worship, social clubs, and identity. There are two hospitals, several parks and squares, numerous churches, a post office, and other infrastructure. Recent immigrants, many of whom are elderly, opt to live in Chinatown because of the availability of affordable housing and their familiarity with the culture. San Francisco's Chinatown is also renowned as a major tourist attraction, drawing more visitors annually than the Golden Gate Bridge. | |
en | wit-train-topic-005271860 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otis_Air_National_Guard_Base | Otis Air National Guard Base | Twenty-first century | Otis Air National Guard Base / Twenty-first century | Otis Air National Guard Base is an Air National Guard installation located within Joint Base Cape Cod, a military training facility located on the western portion of Cape Cod in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States. It was known as Otis Air Force Base prior to its transfer from the active duty Air Force to the Air National Guard. In the local community, it is more commonly known as Otis Air Base or simply Otis. It was named in honor of pilot and Boston surgeon Lt. Frank "Jesse" Otis.
Today major units include the Coast Guard Air Station Cape Cod, Coast Guard Base Cape Cod and the 102nd Intelligence Wing. Other units include the wing's 101st Air Operations Squadron, the 253d Cyberspace Engineering Installation Group, the 212th Engineering Installation Squadron, the 267th Combat Communications Squadron, the 202nd Weather Flight, the 3rd Battalion, 126th Aviation Regiment, part of the 29th Infantry Division, and the Coastal Patrol Squadron 18, Cape Cod Composite Squadron 044-Massachusetts Wing. | Otis ANGB was originally scheduled to be closed by the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC), but it was spared in last minute decisions. However, the 102nd Fighter Wing did lose its F-15 Eagle and transitioned to a non-flying mission, redesignated as the 102d Intelligence Wing. The only military aircraft currently based at Otis ANGB are those of the Coast Guard, although transient military aircraft continue to use the facility, and the Navy has considered it as a place of interest should they decide to base naval forces in the Northeast again.
A partnership was created on December 22, 2006 among the Coast Guard, National Guard, and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Coast Guard assumed control of the aviation facilities from the Air Force, the Air National Guard took over the management of the utilities, and the state funds the emergency services and fire protection. Improvements to the lighting system were put in control of the Coast Guard. The Federal Aviation Administration has released new flight procedures that identify the ICAO code KFMH with the name of Coast Guard Air Station Cape Cod.
On November 6, 2009, ground was broken on new facilities for the 102nd Intelligence Wing. The airport was a NASA Space Shuttle launch abort site. In May 2013, it was announced that one third of the 104th Fighter Wing's F-15 aircraft would be moving to Otis to take up an alert mission for four to six months, as Barnes Municipal Airport's runway underwent renovation.
In December 2013, Otis was selected as a test site by the United States Federal Aviation Administration to "aid in researching the complexities of integrating Unmanned Aircraft Systems into the congested, northeast airspace." Massachusetts Institute of Technology will work with Otis to test drones at the airport. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smolensko_(horse) | Smolensko (horse) | Introduction | Smolensko (horse) | Smolensko (1810 – 10 January 1829) was a Thoroughbred racehorse that won the 1813 Epsom Derby and 2,000 Guineas Stakes. Smolensko raced for two years and was retired to stud in 1815. He stood for seven years for his breeder, Charles Bunbury, and spent the remainder of his stud career in Surrey and Suffolk. Before his death at age 19 in 1829, he sired the filly Gulnare (winner of the 1827 Epsom Oaks) and the colt Jerry (winner of the 1824 St. Leger Stakes). |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271864 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_Thompson_on_stage_and_screen | Emma Thompson on stage and screen | Introduction | Emma Thompson on stage and screen | The British actress Emma Thompson has appeared in many films, television programmes and stage productions. She has won and been nominated for many awards during her career, including five Academy Award nominations (winning two), nine Golden Globe Award nominations (winning two), seven BAFTA Award nominations (winning three), and six Emmy Award nominations (winning one).
She first came to prominence in 1987 in two BBC TV series, Tutti Frutti and Fortunes of War, winning the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for her work in both series. Her first film role was in the 1989 romantic comedy The Tall Guy, and in the early 1990s, she and her then husband, actor and director Kenneth Branagh co-starred in several films, including Dead Again (1991) and Much Ado About Nothing (1993).
In 1992, Thompson won an Academy Award and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress for the period drama Howards End. In 1993, she garnered dual Academy Award nominations for her roles in The Remains of the Day as the housekeeper of a grand household and In the Name of the Father as a lawyer. Thompson scripted and starred in Sense and Sensibility (1995), which earned her numerous awards. In 2013, she received acclaim and several award nominations for her portrayal of author P. L. Travers in Saving Mr. Banks. Other notable film and television credits include the Harry Potter film series (2004–2011), Wit (2001), Love Actually (2003), Angels in America (2003), Nanny McPhee (2005), Stranger than Fiction (2006), Last Chance Harvey (2008), Men in Black 3 (2012), Brave (2012), A Walk in the Woods (2015), Bridget Jones's Baby (2016), Beauty and the Beast (2017), and Late Night (2019). |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sciences_and_the_Arts_(Prado) | The Sciences and the Arts (Prado) | A gallery painting | The Sciences and the Arts (Prado) / A gallery painting | The Sciences and the Arts is a 17th-century painting which is part of the collection of the Museo de Prado in Madrid. It has traditionally been attributed to Adriaen van Stalbemt, but more recently some art historians have re-attributed the work to Hieronymus Francken the Younger. | The painting falls in the genre of the gallery paintings. Gallery paintings depict large rooms in which many paintings and other precious items are displayed in elegant surroundings. The earliest works in this genre depicted art objects together with other items such as scientific instruments or peculiar natural specimens. Frans Francken the Younger and Jan Brueghel the Elder started the genre by creating paintings of art and curiosity collections in the 1620s. Some gallery paintings include portraits of the owners or collectors of the art objects or artists at work. The genre became immediately quite popular and was followed by other artists such as Jan Brueghel the Younger, Cornelis de Baellieur, Hans Jordaens, David Teniers the Younger, Gillis van Tilborch and Hieronymus Janssens.
A number of gallery paintings have traditionally been attributed to van Stalbemt. This includes the composition The Sciences and the Arts discussed here and its reduced replica of the lower right hand corner called The Geographer and the Naturalist (also in the Prado). A Collector's Cabinet, which is similar to the paintings in the Prado, was sold at Sotheby's on 9 July 2014 as lot 57. Most art historians now appear to agree that these works should be attributed to Hieronymus Francken II as van Stalbemt's figures differ from those in these gallery paintings. The staffage in all of the gallery interiors is now seen as most probably the work of as yet unidentified figure painters. Other gallery paintings that were formerly attributed to van Stalbemt have also been re-attributed to Hieronymus Francken II. Even so, some art historians still are of the view that van Stalbemt was also active in this genre. For instance, some art historians still see the hand of van Stalbemt in one of the best known gallery pictures - The Archdukes Albert and Isabella Visiting a Collector's Cabinet (collection of The Walters Art Museum in Baltimore, Maryland). |
en | wit-train-topic-005271867 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betsy_Palmer | Betsy Palmer | Acting career | Betsy Palmer / Acting career | Betsy Palmer was an American actress, known as a regular supporting movie and Broadway actress and television guest star, as a panelist on the game show I've Got a Secret, and later for playing Jason Voorhees' mother, Pamela Voorhees, in the popular slasher film Friday the 13th. | Palmer began working, in summer stock, in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, then winter stock at the Woodstock Opera House in Woodstock, Illinois, with Paul Newman, and then summer stock, in Chicago with Imogene Coca. Having saved $400, she told her parents she was changing her name to Betsy Palmer and moving to New York City with Sasha Igler, who had a job in advertising.
Palmer got her first television acting job in 1951, when she joined the cast of the 15-minute weekday television soap opera Miss Susan, which was produced in Philadelphia, and all actors traveled each day from New York City by train. She was "discovered" for this role, by Norman Lessing, while attending a party in the apartment of actor Frank Sutton, who was married to Toby Igler, the sister of Palmer's roommate, Sasha Igler. She had been in Manhattan less than one week.
A life member of the Actors Studio, Palmer's stage work included a tour of South Pacific (as Nellie Forbush) and a summer-stock season in the title role in Maggie, the 1953 musical adaptation of What Every Woman Knows by William Roy and Hugh Thomas.
In 1953, she created the role of Virginia in the original teleplay version of Paddy Chayefsky's Marty. Also in 1953, she appeared in a Studio One television broadcast of Hound-Dog Man with Jackie Cooper and others. She became a familiar face on television as a news reporter on Today in 1958 (the Today Girl), and a long-running regular panelist on the quiz show I've Got a Secret. She joined the show's original run, replacing Faye Emerson in 1958 and remaining until the show's finale in 1967. She did not reprise her role in any of the various revivals of the show. Palmer was the last surviving member of the I've Got a Secret first version's cast.
Palmer appeared as Kitty Carter in The Long Gray Line (1955), starring Tyrone Power and Maureen O'Hara. She also played nurse Lt. Ann Girard (the main female character) in Mister Roberts (1955), starring beside Henry Fonda, Jack Lemmon, James Cagney, and William Powell. In the same year, she played Carol Lee Phillips in Queen Bee, which starred Joan Crawford.
Palmer starred alongside Anthony Perkins and Fonda again in the Paramount production of The Tin Star (1957).
In 1958, she played undercover agent Phyllis Carter/Lynn Stuart in the film The True Story of Lynn Stuart, co-starring Jack Lord and featuring Kim Spalding as her husband, Ralph Carter.
Palmer appeared in seven Broadway shows. All the original productions had short runs, but she replaced other actresses in long-run shows, notably Lauren Bacall in Cactus Flower in 1967, and Ellen Burstyn in Same Time Next Year in 1977. In 1976, Palmer was the actress whom Tennessee Williams chose to embody the frustrated lead, Alma Winemiller, in his The Eccentricities of a Nightingale.
Palmer's Mercedes-Benz stopped working on the highway to her home in Connecticut after a performance in New York City, arriving home at five o'clock in the morning, so she resolved to replace her car, and later, her daughter suggested that the Volkswagen Scirocco was a cute car and it was $10,000. The offer of $1000 a day for 10 days work on location at a Boy Scout camp in New Jersey, to fund the car purchase, was a reason for taking her most famous recent role, Friday the 13th. She recounted, in an interview, that her initial reaction to the experience was: "What a piece of shit! Nobody is ever going to see this thing." Despite her distaste for the film, she reluctantly consented to a cameo appearance in Friday the 13th Part 2. She ultimately came to accept and celebrate her participation in the franchise, as it made her more famous rather than infamous. Palmer was asked to reprise her role as Mrs. Voorhees in Freddy vs. Jason in 2003 and agreed to return, but ultimately turned down the role after being offered a surprisingly low salary.
In 1982, Palmer created the role of Suzanne Becker on the CBS daytime soap opera As the World Turns. From 1989 to 1990, the actress appeared on Knots Landing as Virginia "Ginny" Bullock, the aunt of Valene Ewing (played by series star Joan Van Ark) |
en | wit-train-topic-005271868 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_Joseph_van_Ghent | Willem Joseph van Ghent | Introduction | Willem Joseph van Ghent | Willem Joseph baron van Ghent tot Drakenburgh (14 May 1626 – 7 June 1672) was a 17th-century Dutch admiral. His surname is also sometimes rendered Gendt or Gent. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271869 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrine_of_Shah_Jamal | Shrine of Shah Jamal | Introduction | Shrine of Shah Jamal | The Tomb of Shah Jamal (Urdu: شاه جمال درگاه) is the tomb of Sufi Saint Baba Shah Jamal. It is located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. It can be located opposite Forman Christian (FC) College, near Muslim Town. There is a masjid built around the tomb which incorporates a graveyard. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmusbrug | Erasmusbrug | External links | Erasmusbrug / External links | Erasmusbrug is a combined cable-stayed and bascule bridge, construction began in 1986 and was completed in 1996. It crosses the Nieuwe Maas in the centre of Rotterdam, connecting the north and south parts of this city, second largest in the Netherlands. The bridge was named in 1992 after Desiderius Erasmus, a prominent Christian Renaissance humanist also known as Erasmus of Rotterdam. The Erasmus Bridge is Rotterdam's most important landmark and is even part of the city's official logo. | Erasmus Bridge at Structurae
Erasmus bridge on bridge-info.org
Erasmusbrug Youtube
2014 New Year Eve Firework from Erasmus Bridge (Video) |
en | wit-train-topic-005271873 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Japanese_Alliance | Anglo-Japanese Alliance | Motivations and reservations | Anglo-Japanese Alliance / Motivations and reservations | The first Anglo-Japanese Alliance was an alliance between Britain and Japan, signed in January 1902. The alliance was signed in London at Lansdowne House on 30 January 1902 by Lord Lansdowne, British foreign secretary, and Hayashi Tadasu, Japanese diplomat. A diplomatic milestone that saw an end to Britain's splendid isolation, the alliance was renewed and expanded in scope twice, in 1905 and 1911, before its demise in 1921 and termination in 1923. The main threat for both sides was from Russia. The threat of war with Britain prevented France from joining its ally Russia in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904. However, it angered the United States and some British dominions, which were hostile to Japan. | The possibility of an alliance between Great Britain and Japan had been canvassed since 1895, when Britain refused to join the Triple Intervention of France, Germany and Russia against the Japanese occupation of the Liaodong Peninsula. While this single event was an unstable basis for an alliance, the case was strengthened by the support Britain had given Japan in its drive towards modernisation and their co-operative efforts to put down the Boxer Rebellion. Newspapers of both countries voiced support for such an alliance; in Britain, Francis Brinkley of The Times and Edwin Arnold of the Telegraph were the driving force behind such support, while in Japan the pro-alliance mood of politician Ōkuma Shigenobu stirred the Mainichi and Yomiuri newspapers into pro-alliance advocacy. The 1894 Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation had also paved the way for equal relations and the possibility of an alliance.
In the end, the common interest truly fuelling the alliance was opposition to Russian expansion. This was made clear as early as the 1890s, when the British diplomat Cecil Spring Rice identified that Britain and Japan working in concert was the only way to challenge Russian power in the region. Negotiations began when Russia began to move into China. Nevertheless, both countries had their reservations. Britain was cautious about abandoning its policy of "splendid isolation", wary of antagonizing Russia, and unwilling to act on the treaty if Japan were to attack the United States. There were factions in the Japanese government that still hoped for a compromise with Russia, including the highly powerful political figure Hirobumi Itō, who had served four terms as Prime Minister of Japan. It was thought that friendship within Asia would be more amenable to the US, which was uncomfortable with the rise of Japan as a power. Furthermore, Britain was unwilling to protect Japanese interests in Korea and likewise, the Japanese were unwilling to support Britain in India.
Hayashi and Lord Lansdowne began their discussions on July 1901, and disputes over Korea and India delayed them until November. At this point, Hirobumi Itō requested a delay in negotiations in order to attempt a reconciliation with Russia. He was mostly unsuccessful, and Britain expressed concerns over duplicity on Japan's part, so Hayashi hurriedly re-entered negotiations in 1902. "Splendid isolation" was ended as for the first time Britain saw the need for a peace-time military alliance. It was the first alliance on equal terms between East and West. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271877 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Weisweiller | Daniel Weisweiller | Introduction | Daniel Weisweiller | Daniel Bernard Weisweiller (1814 – 13 January 1892) was a German-born Spanish banker of Jewish descent. He was an agent of Rothschild banking house in Madrid, taking over from Lionel de Rothschild in 1834. According to Niall Ferguson, Weisweiller was "the most important Rothschild agent in the 1830s."
Weisweiller married Adeline Helbert in 1843. The couple had one daughter, Adela Weisweiller (1845–1925) who married André Capron, the mayor of Cannes (1902–1928). |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspredo | Aspredo | Introduction | Aspredo | Aspredo aspredo is the only species of banjo catfish (order Siluriformes) in the genus Aspredo.
This species originates from the lower portions of rivers from Venezuela to northern Brazil. It occurs in the Orinoco delta, through the Guianas, to the Amazon River to the island of Trinidad.
A. aspredo is the largest species of aspredinid, reaching about 38.3 centimetres (15.1 in) SL. The maxillary barbels are attached to the head, the colouration is uniform without any pattern of dark saddles, and the unculiferous tubercles present in other aspredinids are highly reduced.
A. aspredo is a benthic fish that is found on sandy-muddy bottoms in turbid waters in coastal river mouths where it can be found in brackish waters. However, it appears to enter further into fresh water than its relatives. This species practices an unusual method of incubation of the eggs, attaching them to the underside of the female who then carries them around. Reproduction is believed to occur in the early part of the year. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271883 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukit_Timah_Nature_Reserve | Bukit Timah Nature Reserve | Etymology | Bukit Timah Nature Reserve / Etymology | The Bukit Timah Nature Reserve is a small 1.64 square kilometre nature reserve near the geographic centre of the city-state of Singapore, located on the slopes of Bukit Timah Hill, Singapore's highest hill standing at a height of 163.63 metres, and parts of the surrounding area. The nature reserve is about 12 kilometres from the Downtown Core, Singapore's central business district.
Together with the neighbouring Central Catchment Nature Reserve, it houses over 840 species of flowering plants and over 500 species of fauna. Today, it is one of the largest patches of primary rainforest left in Singapore.
The forest reserve was formally declared as an ASEAN Heritage Park on 18 October 2011. | The name Bukit Timah is borrowed from the tallest hill found in the area of the same name, which is also the tallest geographical location in all of Singapore. Bukit means hill in the Malay language, while Timah means tin
. The hill served as a granite quarry for many years, but since the mid-1900s, all operations of which has since been abandoned and converted into recreational areas and even filming locations. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blimp_Levy | Blimp Levy | Introduction | Blimp Levy | Martin Levy (c 1903 – November 8, 1961), better known by his ring name Blimp Levy or simply The Blimp, was an American professional wrestler who was a major attraction on the wrestling circuit in the 1930s and 40s. Regarded as the largest wrestler of his time, The Boston Globe stated, "there’s no one challenging his claim to being the world’s biggest", while the New York World-Telegram called Levy "the most meat which ever stepped into a ring". In his heyday, promoter Jack Pfefer stated that "no living wrestler today can outdraw the human Blimp." |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271886 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanised_agriculture | Mechanised agriculture | Introduction | Mechanised agriculture | Mechanised agriculture is the process of using agricultural machinery to mechanise the work of agriculture, greatly increasing farm worker productivity. In modern times, powered machinery has replaced many farm jobs formerly carried out by manual labour or by working animals such as oxen, horses and mules.
The entire history of agriculture contains many examples of the use of tools, such as the hoe and the plough. The ongoing integration of machines since the Industrial Revolution however has allowed farming to become much less labour-intensive.
Current mechanised agriculture includes the use of tractors, trucks, combine harvesters, countless types of farm implements, aeroplanes and helicopters (for aerial application), and other vehicles. Precision agriculture even uses computers in conjunction with satellite imagery and satellite navigation (GPS guidance) to increase yields.
Mechanisation was one of the large factors responsible for urbanisation and industrial economies. Besides improving production efficiency, mechanisation encourages large scale production and sometimes can improve the quality of farm produce. On the other hand, it can displace unskilled farm labour and can cause environmental degradation (such as pollution, deforestation, and soil erosion), especially if it is applied shortsightedly rather than holistically. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dare-Dare_(artist-run_centre) | Dare-Dare (artist-run centre) | Introduction | Dare-Dare (artist-run centre) | Dare-Dare, stylized DARE-DARE, is an artist-run center and a nonprofit organization located in Montreal. It was founded by Sylvie Cotton and Claire Bourque. Its offices are located in a construction trailer, decorated by artists and stationed in different districts (mostly in parks) on the island of Montreal. The name given by the center to these successive temporary locations is Dis/location: urban articulation project.
DARE-DARE is exclusively dedicated to the production and presentation of public art, although this was not always the case since its foundation. Its activities consist of hosting the work of selected artists following an annual call for applications, organizing openings (mostly outdoor), outdoor screenings, day camps and collaborations with other arts organizations, like the Viva! Art Action, an international action art and performance biennale.
The main fundraising activity of DARE-DARE consists of an annual sale of passports used for the collection of artistic interventions in different points of the city.
The center is active throughout the whole year and its actions are divided into 7 parts (public intervention, critical space, public writing, transmission, outreach, halt and special projects). |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Indonesia | List of beaches in Indonesia | Jakarta Special Capital Region | List of beaches in Indonesia / Jakarta Special Capital Region | Beaches in Indonesia are extensive, characterized by coral reefs, deposits from volcanoes, rich marine biodiversity, strong ocean currents, and associated with diverse cultural traditions. With around 17,500 islands, Indonesia has an intricate coastline of over 80,000 km, the fourth longest in the world.
Indonesia is located in a region of abundant coral reefs known as the Coral Triangle as well as being the country with the most volcanoes in the world. Some beaches are derived from fluvial sands and gravels, others from cliff erosion. Coral reefs form white or yellow sanded beaches, while beach sediments derived from volcanic rocks are typically black or grey, such as those of northern Bali and southern Java. In the granitic zone of the Riau, Bangka and Belitung Islands, white quartz sands as well as granite boulders dominate. Sandy backshores are colonized by coastal vegetation, notably Ipomoea pes-caprae and Spinifex littoreus, then coconut and casuarina trees. Coastal dunes are poorly developed in the humid tropics, but on the southern shores of Java and Sumatra, prograded beaches are backed by dunes, some of which carry woodland vegetation. | Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, has a beach on its northern coast in Jakarta Bay. The water of Jakarta Bay is relatively polluted, the result of the poor living condition of the majority of people living along the bay, as well as nutrient inputs from agricultural runoff, industrial pollution, and waste water.
The more pristine beaches of Jakarta are located in Thousand Islands, the only regency of Jakarta Special Capital Region. Being located further away from Java island, the islands' beach are less effected by pollution coming from the Jakarta Bay. Being a coral island, the beaches of Thousand Islands are white-sanded.
Festival Beach, Ancol, North Jakarta
Beaches of the Thousand Islands |
en | wit-train-topic-005271890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_(play) | Art (play) | Plot | Art (play) / Plot | 'Art' is a French-language play by Yasmina Reza that premiered in 1994 at Comédie des Champs-Élysées in Paris. The play subsequently ran in London in 1996 and on Broadway in 1998. | Set in Paris, the play revolves around three friends—Serge, Marc and Yvan—who find their previously solid 15-year friendship on shaky ground when Serge buys an expensive painting. The canvas is white, with several fine white lines.
Marc, appalled to hear that Serge had paid two hundred thousand francs, scornfully describes it as "a piece of white shit". Serge argues that the painting, created by a reputable artist, is worth its hefty price, but Marc remains unconvinced.
Serge and Marc confide in Yvan about their disagreement. Yvan, who is engaged but conflicted over his forthcoming wedding, remains neutral and attempts to smooth things over. To Serge, Yvan comments politely on the painting but admits that he does not grasp the essence of it. To Marc, Yvan laughs at the painting's price but suggests that the work is not quite meaningless. Yvan's vacillations only fuel the disagreement as his friends criticize his timid neutrality.
Several nights later the three meet for dinner, and an all-out argument rapidly develops with each using the painting as an excuse to criticise the others over perceived failures. Marc attacks Yvan for never expressing any substantial opinions, and for being an "arse-licker" in the ongoing conflict between his fiancée, his in-laws, and his mother. Marc and Serge argue that Yvan should call off the marriage, to which Yvan responds with lame excuses. Serge criticizes Marc's unwillingness to accept that his friends’ opinions differ from his own; and he reveals that he has for some time despised Marc's girlfriend.
Marc finally admits that his true resentment is not the painting itself but the uncharacteristic independence of thought that the purchase reveals in Serge. He recalls that Serge used to share his own views on arts and culture, and he feels abandoned now that Serge has developed his own, modern taste. Marc says that friends must always influence each other, but Serge finds that view to be possessive and controlling. Yvan, at last defending himself, sobbingly explains that he tries to be tolerant and agreeable because he values companionship over dominance: their friendship is his only sanctuary in his burdensome life.
After Yvan's outburst, the friends calm down. The argument wordlessly settles as Serge allows Marc to deface the painting using a blue felt-tip pen. Marc draws a person skiing along one of the white lines on the painting. Serge and Marc agree to attempt to rebuild their friendship, and they begin by washing the pen marks off the painting. Marc asks Serge whether he had known that the ink was washable; Serge replies that he had not. But he had indeed known that, and feels troubled about his lie. Marc concludes by describing his own interpretation of the painting: it is of a man who moves across the canvas and disappears. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271891 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissan_Navara | Nissan Navara | Renault Alaskan | Nissan Navara / Third generation (D23; 2014) / Renault Alaskan | The Nissan Navara is the name for the D21, D22, D40 and D23 generations of Nissan pickup trucks sold in Asia, Europe, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia. In North, Central and South America and some selected markets, it is sold as the Nissan Frontier or Nissan NP300.
After more than 10 years with the D21, Nissan unveiled the similar sized D22. It was replaced with the bigger, taller, longer D40 mid-size pickup. In 2014, Nissan released its successor, the D23, for international markets other than Canada and the U.S.
The Navara gets its name from the Navarre region of northern Spain. The European version is built at the Nissan factory in Barcelona. | Renault revealed the production version of the Alaskan Pickup Concept which will be based on the current Navara platform. The Alaskan was shown alongside other Renault Models at the 2016 Paris Motor Show in October. According to some journalists it has not yet been confirmed if the Alaskan will be sold outside of Europe.
From October 2016, the Alaskan is sold in Colombia. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271893 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wabash_and_Erie_Canal | Wabash and Erie Canal | West Fork of the White River | Wabash and Erie Canal / Route / West Fork of the White River | The Wabash and Erie Canal was a shipping canal that linked the Great Lakes to the Ohio River via an artificial waterway. The canal provided traders with access from the Great Lakes all the way to the Gulf of Mexico. Over 460 miles long, it was the longest canal ever built in North America.
The canal known as the Wabash & Erie in the 1850s and thereafter, was actually a combination of four canals: the Miami and Erie Canal from the Maumee River near Toledo, Ohio, to Junction, Ohio, the original Wabash and Erie Canal from Junction to Terre Haute, Indiana, the Cross Cut Canal from Terre Haute, Indiana, to Worthington, Indiana, and the Central Canal from Worthington to Evansville, Indiana. | From Newberry south, the W&E Canal followed the route of the Central Canal. The Central Canal was planned from Logansport, through Indianapolis and south to Evansville. Only the section from Newberry south and a few miles in Indianapolis were built.
Newberry, Edwardsport, Petersburg, Francisco (Pigeon Creek section begins), Evansville, Indiana.
The canal is signed as being crossed by Interstate 64 at the milepost 32 crossing over Pigeon Creek. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271894 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Shubra_Khit | Battle of Shubra Khit | Introduction | Battle of Shubra Khit | The Battle of Shubra Khit, also known as the Battle of Chobrakit, was the first major engagement of Napoleon's campaign in Egypt that took place on 13 July, 1798. On their march to Cairo, the French army encountered an Ottoman army consisting of Mamluk cavalry and drafted Fellahins under Murad Bey. Napoleon lined his forces up into infantry squares, a tactic which helped repel the Mamluk cavalry, largely due to their inability to penetrate them without suffering severe casualties. A naval battle also occurred, with an Ottoman flotilla being repelled by a French flotilla. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Held | Louis Held | Introduction | Louis Held | Carl Heinrich Louis Held (1 December 1851 – 17 April 1927) was a German photographer and a pioneer of photojournalism.
Held was raised by relatives after the death of his parents in 1860. He first apprenticed in a company producing silk tissues before beginning a second apprenticeship as a photographer.
He opened his first studio in Liegnitz in 1876, moved three years later to Berlin, and again three years later to Weimar. There, he became a protégé of Franz Liszt and was appointed court photographer of Carl Alexander, grand duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, in 1888. From 1890 on, he travelled throughout Germany, photographing for illustrated magazines.
In 1912, he opened a cinema in Weimar. In 1923, he experimented with color photography. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/47th_Battalion_(Australia) | 47th Battalion (Australia) | First World War | 47th Battalion (Australia) / History / First World War | The 47th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army. It was originally raised in 1916 for service during the First World War and took part in the fighting in the trenches of the Western Front in France and Belgium before being disbanded in early 1918 to provide reinforcements for other Australian units that were suffering from a manpower shortage following the German Spring Offensive. In 1921, it was re-raised as a part-time unit of the Citizens Force, which later became the Militia. During this time it was based in south-east Queensland and in 1927 it became known as the "Wide Bay Regiment". During the Second World War the 47th Battalion took part in fighting in New Guinea and Bougainville, before being disbanded again in January 1946. Later, the battalion was re-raised before eventually being subsumed into the Royal Queensland Regiment in 1960. | Originally raised in Egypt in 1916 during the First World War, the 47th Battalion was formed as part of the expansion of the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) that took place following the Gallipoli campaign. At this time it was decided that the AIF would be expanded from two divisions to four. In order to achieve this, new battalions were formed by splitting existing units and using a cadre formed from their experienced men along with freshly trained reinforcements sent from Australia. Taking its experienced men from the 15th Battalion and its new recruits from Queensland and Tasmania, the 47th Battalion formed part of the 12th Brigade, which was attached to the 4th Division. Following this, the battalion was transferred to France and Belgium where it fought in the trenches of the Western Front for the next two and half years.
During this time, the battalion fought in a number of significant battles, including the Battle of Pozières in 1916 and the Battles of Bullecourt, Messines and Passchendaele in 1917. Later, in early 1918, the battalion was heavily involved in turning back the German advance during the Spring Offensive, taking part in the fighting that took place around Dernancourt. It was during this fighting that one of the battalion's members, Sergeant Stanley McDougall earned the Victoria Cross, Australia's highest decoration for gallantry. After this, however, casualties amongst the units of the Australian Corps led to the order for three brigades to disband one of their battalions – the other two battalions disbanded at this time were the 36th and 52nd Battalions – and as a result of this the 47th Battalion was disbanded on 31 May 1918. During its service in the war, the battalion lost 661 men killed and 1,564 men wounded. Members of the battalion received the following decorations: one Victoria Cross, four Distinguished Service Orders and one Bar, one Member of the Order of the British Empire, 13 Military Crosses, 13 Distinguished Conduct Medal and one Bar, 86 Military Medals and four Bars, two Meritorious Service Medals, 16 Mentions in Despatches and two foreign awards. A total of 11 battle honours were awarded to the 47th Battalion for their involvement in the war; these were bestowed in 1927. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271898 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N0tail | N0tail | Introduction | N0tail | Johan Sundstein (born 8 October 1993), better known as N0tail, is a Danish professional Dota 2 player and captain for OG. With them, he has played in four iterations of The International, winning in 2018 and 2019, and has also won four Major championships. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271899 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrosomus | Chrosomus | Introduction | Chrosomus | Chrosomus is a genus of small cyprinid fish found in freshwater habitats in the eastern half of the United States and Canada. There are currently seven recognized species in this genus. They have sometimes been included in Phoxinus. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reschensee | Reschensee | Origins | Reschensee / Origins | Reschensee or Lake Reschen is an artificial lake in the western portion of South Tyrol, Italy, approximately 2 km south of the Reschen Pass, which forms the border with Austria, and 3 km east of the mountain ridge forming the border with Switzerland. With its capacity of 120 million cubic metres it is the largest lake in the province. Its surface area of 6.6 km² makes it also the largest lake above 1,000 m in the Alps. It is fed by the Adige, Rojenbach and Karlinbach and drained by the Adige.
The lake is famous for the steeple of a submerged 14th-century church; when the water freezes, this can be reached on foot. A legend says that during winter one can still hear church bells ring. In reality the bells were removed from the tower on July 18, 1950, a week before the demolition of the church nave and the creation of the lake. | Plans for a smaller (5 m deep) artificial lake date from 1920. In July 1939, the Montecatini company (now Edison Energia) introduced a new plan for a 22 m (72 ft)-deep lake, which would unify two natural lakes (Reschensee and Mittersee) and submerge several villages, including Graun and part of Reschen. The creation of the dam started in April 1940 pursuant to this second plan but, due to the war and local resistance, did not finish until July 1950.
In 1947 Montecatini received 30 million Swiss francs from the Swiss company Elektrowatt for the construction of the dam (in exchange for 10 years of seasonal electricity), paradoxically after the population of Splügen had voted against the company's plans to build a dam that would have submerged that Swiss village. Graun's population did not have such success, despite the willing ear of Antonio Segni who later became Italy's prime minister. In total 163 homes and 523 hectares (1,290 acres) of cultivated land were submerged. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271903 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.F.C._Portchester | A.F.C. Portchester | History | A.F.C. Portchester / History | A.F.C. Portchester is a football club based in Portchester, a suburb of the town of Fareham, Hampshire, England. They are currently members of the Wessex League Premier Division and play at the Wicor Recreation Ground. | The club was established in 1971 as Loyds Sports. They joined Division Six of the City of Portsmouth Sunday League. After amalgamating with Colourvision Rangers in 1973 they gained a place in Division Two. In 1976 the club became Wicor Mill, after which they joined the Portsmouth & District League. The club were runners-up in the Portsmouth & District League in 1997–98 and were promoted to Division Three of the Hampshire League; the following year they adopted their current name. Division Three was also renamed Division Two, and the club were runners-up in 1999–2000, earning promotion to Division One.
Portchester were Division One champions in 2001–02, but were unable to take promotion to the Wessex League due to a lack of floodlights. However, in 2004 they became founder members of the new Division Three of the Wessex League when the Hampshire League merged into it. Division Three was renamed Division Two in 2006, and the club were promoted to Division One after finishing fourth in 2006–07. In 2011–12 they were Division One runners-up, earning promotion to the Premier Division. In 2014–15 they won the Wessex League's League Cup. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_corvette_D%C3%A9cius_(1795) | French corvette Décius (1795) | Introduction | French corvette Décius (1795) | Décius was a Société populaire-class corvette launched in 1795 in Brest. Originally named Doucereuse, she was renamed to Décius in 1795. The British Royal Navy destroyed her in November 1796. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_D._Jarrett | Jeffrey D. Jarrett | Introduction | Jeffrey D. Jarrett | Jeffrey D. Jarrett was the Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy within the United States Department of Energy, from his swearing in on January 3, 2006 until March 2007. Until his appointment to the position, he had served as director of the Department of the Interior's Office of Surface Mining. He was sworn into that position on February 12, 2002. In March 2007, the Coal-Based Generation Stakeholders announced Jeffrey Jarrett would join them as its executive director.
When President Bush appointed Jeffrey Jarrett to be Director of the Office of Surface Mining, he had been the Deputy Secretary for Mineral Resources Management of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. Jarrett was at the time responsible for the Department's regulatory programs for surface and underground coal and industrial minerals mining, oil and gas exploration, deep mine safety, and abandoned mine lands reclamation.
From 1988 to 1994, he had been the Deputy Assistant Director for the Office of Surface Mining in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He has also served as the deputy assistant director of the Office of Surface Mining. He previously served as director of planning, division manager, and reclamation director for the Cravat Coal Company and as reclamation supervisor for The Drummond Company.
Jeffrey Jarret graduated from Geneva College in Pennsylvania with a Bachelor of Science degree in Human Resource Management. He graduated from Belmont Technical College in St. Clairsville, Ohio with an A.A.S degree in Land Stabilization and Reclamation. He is a native of West Virginia. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darlie | Darlie | Naming | Darlie / Naming | Darlie, originally known as Darkie, is a toothpaste brand of Hawley & Hazel Chemical Company. Hawley & Hazel was established in Shanghai in 1933 and later based in Taiwan and Hong Kong. In 1985, Colgate-Palmolive acquired 50% of Hawley & Hazel. | Hawley and Hazel marketed Darkie toothpaste as a parody of an American minstrel performer, Al Jolson, who became popular for his blackface performances. The whiteness of his teeth inspired the brand name and logo. Darky, or darkie, is a racist term used primarily in the Western World to refer to black people. The packaging featured an image of a wide-eyed, white man in blackface, wearing a top hat, monocle and bow-tie, an image associated with minstrel shows.
In 1985, after Colgate-Palmolive acquired 50% of Hawley & Hazel, great controversy erupted over the brand in the United States, to which Colgate-Palmolive CEO Ruben Mark responded by issuing an apology and replacing the English name of the toothpaste to "Darlie" in 1989, and altering the image on the packaging to show a racially ambiguous face in a top hat to avoid racial misunderstanding. However, the Chinese name of the brand, "黑人牙膏" (in English, "Black Person Toothpaste"), remains the same and a Chinese-language advertising campaign reassured customers that "Black Person Toothpaste is still Black Person Toothpaste".
After the entry of Colgate-Palmolive, the brand continued to be sold in several Asian countries, including Taiwan, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam and Thailand where its brand and logo were not considered offensive. Colgate-Palmolive announced the brand would not be sold outside of Asia.
The brand experienced an increase of both popularity and notoriety in 2004, after the toothpaste, along with other allegedly racist brands, was featured in the mockumentary CSA: Confederate States of America. It was depicted as a fictional brand that is popular in the alternative history of the film; the final credits reveal that it, along with most of the other brands, is a genuine product.
On June 19, 2020, Colgate-Palmolive announced it will work with Hawley & Hazel to "review and further evolve all aspects" of the Darlie brand, including the brand name. At the time of the announcement, the Chinese name of Darlie still continues to be "黑人牙膏" (in English, "Black Person Toothpaste"). The announcement followed similar announcements made by PepsiCo/Quaker Oats (Aunt Jemima) and Mars, Incorporated (Uncle Ben's) for their respective brands. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271915 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunningham_Park | Cunningham Park | Introduction | Cunningham Park | Cunningham Park is a 358-acre (1.4 km²) park in the New York City borough of Queens. The park lies between the Grand Central Parkway to the south and the Long Island Expressway, and is bifurcated by the Clearview Expressway. The park is operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toa_Payoh_Town_Park | Toa Payoh Town Park | Introduction | Toa Payoh Town Park | Toa Payoh Town Park is located at the junction of Lorong 2 Toa Payoh and Lorong 6 Toa Payoh. Park size is 4.8 hectares. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271918 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Instone | Alice Instone | Interview with a Shoe, 2009 | Alice Instone / Exhibitions / Interview with a Shoe, 2009 | Alice Instone is an English artist. She is known for making work concerned with gender, personal narrative and the similarities that bind us together; frequently collaborating with well-known public figures. | Instone's second show was entitled Interview with a Shoe, and featured a collection of portraits of people through their favourite shoes.
The collaboration between the artist and the owners of the shoes revealed the wearer through the pair they chose. Instone found shoes to be extraordinarily emotive and tied up with our values. Many of the shoes came with highly emotional stories or memories (for example the shoes that Annie Lennox wore to the Las Vegas Wedding of Bob Geldof and Paula Yates). Instone also painted the mountains of discarded shoes at the Oxfam Wastesaver Depot and made a number of shoe sculptures exploring the negative messages women are bombarded with in daily life, including the constant pressure to consume and the size 0 debate.
The exhibition included the shoes of Annie Lennox, Baron Woolf, Bianca Jagger, Elle Macpherson, Sir Peter Blake Nicole Farhi, Sir David Hare, Cherie Blair, Liz and Terry de Havilland, Laura Bailey, Emma Freud, Pat Cash, Alice Temperley, Joe Corre and Beverley Knight amongst others.
Jennie Murray interviewed her about the exhibition for Radio 4 Woman's Hour in May 2009.
The works were exhibited at Northampton Museum, home to the world's largest shoe collection.
"We all have a favourite pair of shoes and they often reveal something about us without us even realising… Alice has a talent for capturing something quite functional to evoke its charm and make an emotional connection."
- Elle Macpherson |
en | wit-train-topic-005271921 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention | Democratic National Convention | History | Democratic National Convention / History | The Democratic National Convention is a series of presidential nominating conventions held every four years since 1832 by the United States Democratic Party. They have been administered by the Democratic National Committee since the 1852 national convention. The primary goal of the Democratic National Convention is to officially nominate a candidate for president and vice president, adopt a comprehensive party platform and unify the party. Pledged delegates from all fifty U.S. states and from American dependencies and territories such as Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, and superdelegates which are unpledged delegates representing the Democratic establishment, attend the convention and cast their votes to choose the Party's presidential candidate. Like the Republican National Convention, the Democratic National Convention marks the formal end of the primary election period and the start of the general election season. In 2020 all parties replaced the usual conventions with short online programs. | By 1824, the congressional nominating caucus had fallen into disrepute and collapsed as a method of nominating presidential and vice presidential candidates. A national convention idea had been brought up but nothing occurred until the next decade. State conventions and state legislatures emerged as the nomination apparatus until they were supplanted by the national convention method of nominating candidates.
President Andrew Jackson's "Kitchen Cabinet" privately carried out the plan for the first Democratic National Convention; the public call for the first national convention emanated from Jackson's supporters in New Hampshire in 1831.
The first national convention of the Democratic Party began in Baltimore on May 21, 1832. In that year the rule was created, requiring a 2/3 vote to nominate a candidate in order to show the party's unanimous support of Martin Van Buren for vice president. Although this rule was waived in the 1836 and 1840 conventions, in 1844 it was revived by opponents of former President Van Buren, who had the support of a majority (but not two-thirds) of the delegates, in order to prevent him from receiving the nomination. The rule then remained in place until 1936, and on seven occasions this led to Democratic National Conventions which dragged on endlessly, most famously at the 1860 convention, when the convention adjourned in Charleston without making a choice after 57 ballots and reconvened in separate groups six weeks later, and the 1924 convention, when "Wets" and "Drys" deadlocked between preferred candidates Alfred E. Smith and William G. McAdoo for 103 ballots over 16 days before finally agreeing on John W. Davis as a compromise candidate. At the 1912 convention, Champ Clark was the first person to receive a majority of the votes who did not go on to achieve a two-thirds vote and the nomination. The 2/3 rule was finally abolished in 1936, when the unanimity in favor of the renomination of President Franklin D. Roosevelt allowed it finally to be put to rest.
In the years that followed only one convention (the 1952 Convention) actually went beyond a single ballot.
During the time the rule was in force, it virtually assured that no candidate not supported by the South could be nominated. The elimination of the two-thirds rule made it possible for liberal Northern Democrats to gain greater influence in party affairs, leading to the disenfranchisement of Southern Democrats, and defection of many of the latter to the Republican Party, especially during the Civil Rights struggles of the 1960s.
William Jennings Bryan delivered his "Cross of Gold" speech at the 1896 convention. The most historically notable, and tumultuous, convention in recent memory was the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago, Illinois, which was fraught with highly emotional battles between conventioneers and Vietnam War protesters and an outburst by Chicago mayor Richard J. Daley. Other confrontations between various groups, such as the Yippies and members of the Students for a Democratic Society, and the Chicago police in city parks, streets and hotels marred this convention. Following the 1968 convention, in which many reformers had been disappointed that Vice President Hubert Humphrey, despite not having competed in a single primary, easily won the nomination over Senators Eugene McCarthy and George McGovern (who announced after the assassination of another candidate, Senator Robert F. Kennedy), a commission headed by Senator McGovern reformed the Democratic Party's nominating process to increase the power of primaries in choosing delegates in order to increase the democracy of the process. Not entirely coincidentally, McGovern himself won the nomination in 1972. The 1972 convention was significant in that the new rules put into place as a result of the McGovern commission also opened the door for quotas mandating that certain percentages of delegates be women or members of minority groups, and subjects that were previously deemed not fit for political debate, such as abortion and lesbian and gay rights, now occup |
en | wit-train-topic-005271922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrgiscus_rufescens | Pyrgiscus rufescens | Introduction | Pyrgiscus rufescens | Pyrgiscus rufescens is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271925 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarlan_Ahmadov | Tarlan Ahmadov | Introduction | Tarlan Ahmadov | Tarlan Ahmadov (Azerbaijani: Tərlan Musa oğlu Əhmədov, born 17 November 1971) is a retired Azerbaijani international football defender who was captain of the national team. During his international career he earned 73 caps, ranking him fourth in Azerbaijan's all time appearances. Ahmadov played his club football in Azerbaijan, Russia, Ukraine and Iran, ending his career with Olimpik Baku in 2009. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271927 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Wussing | Hans Wussing | Introduction | Hans Wussing | Hans-Ludwig Wußing (October 15, 1927 in Waldheim – April 26, 2011 in Leipzig) was a German historian of mathematics and science. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoffel_Jacobsz_van_der_Laemen | Christoffel Jacobsz van der Laemen | Introduction | Christoffel Jacobsz van der Laemen | Christoffel Jacobsz van der Laemen or Christoffel van der Laemen (1607 – c. 1651) was a Flemish painter who specialized in merry company scenes with elegant figures.
His favorite themes were card and backgammon players, brothel scenes, the prodigal son, dancing, music making and scenes of food and drink set in elegant rooms, inns and gardens. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271933 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loch_Libo | Loch Libo | Natural history | Loch Libo / Natural history | Loch Libo is a freshwater loch in East Renfrewshire, Parish of Neilston, Scotland. The Lugton Water has its source from the southern end of loch, running 14 miles before reaching its confluence with the River Garnock near Kilwinning. The village of Uplawmoor and the hamlet of Shillford lie nearby. 3 mi away to the southwest is the town of Neilston. | The loch and part of Caldwell-Lawside Wood have been a Site of Scientific Interest (SSSI) since 1972, covering 17.82 ha as designated by Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) and a Scottish Wildlife Trust (SWT) wildlife site. The loch is owned by the SWT.
Loch Libo is the best example of a eutrophic in East Renfrewshire with aquatic and emergent vegetation. Significant plants include the Nationally Scarce cowbane Cicuta virosa and the locally uncommon greater tussock sedge Carex paniculata and lesser pond sedge Carex acutiformis. The nationally uncommon species lesser tussock sedge Carex diandra, water sedge Carex aquatilis, slender tufted sedge Carex acuta and water parsnip Berula erecta are also present.
Birds recorded at the site include: jack snipe, common snipe, grey heron, whooper swan, mute swan, teal, wigeon, goldeneye, tufted duck, mallard, coot, moorhen, buzzard, wren, coal tit, great tit, blue tit, long-tailed tit, treecreeper, great spotted woodpecker, song thrush, blackbird, robin, dunnock, chaffinch, jackdaw, carrion crow, sparrowhawk, water rail, redshank, pheasant, owls, grasshopper warbler and reed bunting. Other animals are bats, deer, mice, otters, common frog, common toad, smooth and palmate newts and water vole. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_hare | European hare | In folklore, literature, and art | European hare / Relationship with humans / In folklore, literature, and art | The European hare, also known as the brown hare, is a species of hare native to Europe and parts of Asia. It is among the largest hare species and is adapted to temperate, open country. Hares are herbivorous and feed mainly on grasses and herbs, supplementing these with twigs, buds, bark and field crops, particularly in winter. Their natural predators include large birds of prey, canids and felids. They rely on high-speed endurance running to escape predation, having long, powerful limbs and large nostrils.
Generally nocturnal and shy in nature, hares change their behaviour in the spring, when they can be seen in broad daylight chasing one another around in fields. During this spring frenzy, they sometimes strike one another with their paws. This is usually not competition between males, but a female hitting a male, either to show she is not yet ready to mate or as a test of his determination. The female nests in a depression on the surface of the ground rather than in a burrow and the young are active as soon as they are born. Litters may consist of three or four young and a female can bear three litters a year, with hares living for up to twelve years. | In Europe, the hare has been a symbol of sex and fertility since at least Ancient Greece. The Greeks associated it with the gods Dionysus, Aphrodite and Artemis as well as with satyrs and cupids. The Christian Church connected the hare with lustfulness and homosexuality, but also associated it with the persecution of the church because of the way it was commonly hunted.
In Northern Europe, Easter imagery often involves hares or rabbits. Citing folk Easter customs in Leicestershire, England, where "the profits of the land called Harecrop Leys were applied to providing a meal which was thrown on the ground at the 'Hare-pie Bank'", the 19th-century scholar Charles Isaac Elton proposed a possible connection between these customs and the worship of Ēostre. In his 19th-century study of the hare in folk custom and mythology, Charles J. Billson cites folk customs involving the hare around Easter in Northern Europe, and argues that the hare was probably a sacred animal in prehistoric Britain's festival of springtime. Observation of the hare's springtime mating behaviour led to the popular English idiom "mad as a March hare", with similar phrases from the sixteenth century writings of John Skelton and Sir Thomas More onwards. The mad hare reappears in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll, in which Alice participates in a crazy tea party with the March Hare and the Mad Hatter.
Any connection of the hare to Ēostre is doubtful. John Andrew Boyle cites an etymology dictionary by A. Ernout and A. Meillet, who wrote that the lights of Ēostre were carried by hares, that Ēostre represented spring fecundity, love and sexual pleasure. Boyle responds that almost nothing is known about Ēostre, and that the authors had seemingly accepted the identification of Ēostre with the Norse goddess Freyja, but that the hare is not associated with Freyja either. Boyle adds that "when the authors speak of the hare as the 'companion of Aphrodite and of satyrs and cupids' and 'in the Middle Ages [the hare] appears beside the figure of [mythological] Luxuria', they are on much surer ground."
The hare is a character in some fables, such as The Tortoise and the Hare of Aesop. The story was annexed to a philosophical problem by Zeno of Elea, who created a set of paradoxes to support Parmenides' attack on the idea of continuous motion, as each time the hare (or the hero Achilles) moves to where the tortoise was, the tortoise moves just a little further away. The German Renaissance artist Albrecht Dürer realistically depicted a hare in his 1502 watercolour painting Young Hare. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry_of_Machinery_and_Tractors | Industry of Machinery and Tractors | History | Industry of Machinery and Tractors / History | Industry of Machinery and Tractors was a Serbian manufacture company which produced and vendored tractors and agricultural machinery. It was headquartered in Belgrade, Serbia. In April 2018, IMT was sold to TAFE. | The IMT factory was founded in 1947 as the Central Foundry. In 1949, a new company, the Metal Institute, was formed by amalgamating the Central Foundry and four other local companies. The Metal Institute became the Industry of Machinery and Tractors (IMT) in 1954. The following year, research was conducted on different types of tractors and the Massey Ferguson licence was chosen.
In 1959, the factory was reconstructed and production capacities for 4,000 tractors a year were built. The factory started production of a tractor of their own design in 1964. In 1988, IMT recorded its largest annual production in history - 42,000 tractors and 35,000 machines.
Between 1990 and 2000, changing economic circumstances led to significant changes in production. A long-term co-operation was established with the Perkins company, and the first engines complying to the EU 2000/25/EC standards were built in 2005. In 2008, the Serbian Privatisation Agency launched a tender process for the sale of IMT. In 2012, IMT introduced a new "S" series of tractors. Offer of the new generation of tractors together with purchasing power demanded customisation of tractor accessory. Mostly new models have join of traditional and modern look, thanks to the Belgrade professional schools, Faculties of Design and IMT design studio.
In July 2013, IMT exported tractors in Kazakhstan, ex-Yugoslavia markets, Ecuador and African market. The model which has been exported in Kazakhstan was labelled "Baikonur" (derives from Baikonur Cosmodrome) and it was models 539, 549, 555.11.
The company ceased production in August 2015 and went into bankruptcy procedure, with 186 million dollars of accumulated debt.
On 2 April 2018, the company was sold from bankruptcy to the Indian manufacturing company TAFE. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Pokorny | Adolf Pokorny | Introduction | Adolf Pokorny | Adolf Pokorny (born 25 July 1895 in Vienna, Austria, d. unknown) was a dermatologist. who primarily is known as having been a defendant in the Doctors' Trial at Nuremberg.
His father was a lieutenant colonel in the Austro-Hungarian army, and was frequently transferred to different countries in Eastern Europe; the family moved with him.
Pokorny was drafted into the Austro-Hungarian army and served from March 1915 to September 1918 in the First World War. He completed his medical doctorate on 22 March 1922 and received his medical license. After two years of clinical training, he opened a practice in Komotau. His application to join the Nazi party was declined in 1939, because he had been married to a Jewish physician, Dr. Lilly Weil, with whom he had two children and from whom he had been divorced in April 1935.
During World War II, Pokorny worked as a medical officer of the German Armed Forces. Pokorny wrote to Heinrich Himmler to suggest sterilization of Russian prisoners of war utilizing the sap of the caladium plant, which, according to an article in a medical journal, was thought to cause sterilization in mice. The method was not implemented due to technical obstacles. Pokorny was tried by the American Military Tribunal No. I (also known as the Doctors' Trial) in August 1947. Despite the letter, he was found to have had no direct involvement in compulsory sterilization experiments, and was acquitted. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KSI_vs._Logan_Paul | KSI vs. Logan Paul | Weigh-in | KSI vs. Logan Paul / Background / Weigh-in | KSI vs. Logan Paul was a white-collar amateur boxing match between the British YouTuber, Olajide "JJ" Olatunji, and American YouTuber, Logan Paul. The undercard consisted of a number of YouTubers, including a bout between the headliners respective younger brothers, Deji Olatunji and Jake Paul. The bout took place on 25 August 2018 at 8:30 PM BST in the Manchester Arena, Manchester, England, and was streamed on YouTube's pay-per-view platform, and resulted in a majority draw, with two judges scoring it 57–57 and the other 58–57 in favour of KSI.
The fight was promoted as "the biggest internet event in history" and "the biggest amateur boxing match in history". The rematch took place on 9 November 2019 at the Staples Center, Los Angeles, this time as a professional boxing match. | The weigh-in was held on 24 August 2018 and was co-hosted by the same host as the London press conference True Geordie as well as Michael Buffer. KSI weighed in at 187 lb (85 kg), 2 kg heavier than his previous fight with Joe Weller. Meanwhile, Logan came in at 189 lb (86 kg). KSI took part in the weigh-in wearing a Chloe Bennet mask in an attempt to taunt Logan. For the co-main event, Deji weighed in at 79 kg with Paul weighing 82.5 kg. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271952 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Grenda | Stephen Grenda | Introduction | Stephen Grenda | Stephen J. Grenda (May 23, 1910 – September 21, 1971) was an American college football head coach who was Delaware football program's eighteenth head coach. He led them to a 4–12 overall record in two seasons. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271955 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Morphy | Paul Morphy | Hailed as World Chess Champion | Paul Morphy / Biography / Hailed as World Chess Champion | Paul Charles Morphy was an American chess player. He is considered to have been the greatest chess master of his era and an unofficial second World Chess Champion 1858–1860. A chess prodigy, he was called "The Pride and Sorrow of Chess" because he had a brilliant chess career but retired from the game while still young. Bobby Fischer and Viswanathan Anand ranked Morphy among the ten greatest chess players of all time, with Fischer describing him as "perhaps the most accurate player who ever lived".
Morphy was born in New Orleans to a wealthy and distinguished family. He learned to play chess by simply watching games between his father and uncle. His family soon recognized the boy's talent and encouraged him to play at family gatherings, and by the age of nine he was considered to be one of the best players in the city. At just twelve years of age, Morphy defeated visiting Hungarian master Johann Löwenthal in a match of three games.
After receiving his degree in 1857, Morphy was not yet of legal age to practice law and found himself with free time. At his uncle's urging, he accepted an invitation to play at the First American Chess Congress in New York City. | Still only 21 years old, Morphy was now quite famous. While in Paris, he was sitting in his hotel room one evening, chatting with his companion Frederick Edge, when they had an unexpected visitor. "I am Prince Galitzine; I wish to see Mr. Morphy," the visitor said, according to Edge. Morphy identified himself to the visitor. "No, it is not possible!" the prince exclaimed, "You are too young!" Prince Galitzine then explained that he was in the frontiers of Siberia when he had first heard of Morphy's "wonderful deeds." He explained, "One of my suite had a copy of the chess paper published in Berlin, the Schachzeitung, and ever since that time I have been wanting to see you." He then told Morphy that he must go to Saint Petersburg, Russia, because the chess club in the Imperial Palace would receive him with enthusiasm.
In Europe, Morphy was generally hailed as world chess champion. In Paris, at a banquet held in his honor on April 4, 1859, a laurel wreath was placed over the head of a bust of Morphy, carved by the sculptor Eugène-Louis Lequesne. Morphy was declared by the assembly "the best chess player that ever lived." At a similar gathering in London, where he returned in the spring of 1859, Morphy was again proclaimed "the Champion of the World". He was also invited to a private audience with Queen Victoria. So dominant was Morphy that even masters could not seriously challenge him in play without some kind of handicap. At a simultaneous match against five masters, Morphy won two games against Jules Arnous de Rivière and Henry Edward Bird, drew two games with Samuel Boden and Johann Jacob Löwenthal, and lost one to Thomas Wilson Barnes.
Upon his return to America, the accolades continued as Morphy toured the major cities on his way home. At the University of the City of New York, on May 29, 1859, John Van Buren, son of President Martin Van Buren, ended a testimonial presentation by proclaiming, "Paul Morphy, Chess Champion of the World". In Boston, at a banquet attended by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Louis Agassiz, Boston mayor Frederic W. Lincoln, Jr., Harvard president James Walker, and other luminaries, Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes toasted "Paul Morphy, the World Chess Champion". Morphy's celebrity drew manufacturers who sought his endorsements, newspapers asked him to write chess columns, and a baseball club was named after him. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271958 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Arnhem | Battle of Arnhem | Day 7 – Saturday 23 September | Battle of Arnhem / Battle / Day 7 – Saturday 23 September | The Battle of Arnhem was a major battle of the Second World War at the vanguard of the Allied Operation Market Garden. It was fought in and around the Dutch towns of Arnhem, Oosterbeek, Wolfheze and Driel and the surrounding countryside from 17–26 September 1944.
The Allies were poised to enter the Netherlands after sweeping through France and Belgium in the summer of 1944, after the Battle of Normandy. Market Garden was proposed by Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery, who favoured a single thrust north over the branches of the Lower Rhine River, allowing the British Second Army to bypass the Siegfried Line and attack the Ruhr. Allied Airborne troops were dropped in the Netherlands to secure key bridges and towns along the Allied axis of advance. Farthest north, the British 1st Airborne Division landed at Arnhem to secure bridges across the Nederrijn, supported by men of the Glider Pilot Regiment and the 1st Polish Parachute Brigade. British XXX Corps were expected to reach the British airborne forces in two to three days. | Spindler was ordered to switch his attacks further south to try to force the British away from the river, isolating the British from any hope of reinforcement and allowing them to be destroyed. Despite their best efforts, however, they were unsuccessful, although the constant artillery and assaults continued to wear the British defences down further.
A break in the weather allowed the RAF to finally fly combat missions against the German forces surrounding Urquhart's men. Hawker Typhoons and Republic P-47 Thunderbolts strafed German positions throughout the day and occasionally dueled with the Luftwaffe over the battlefield. The RAF attempted their final resupply flight from Britain on the Saturday afternoon, but lost eight planes for little gain to the Airborne troops. Some small resupply efforts would be made from Allied airfields in Europe over the next two days but to little effect.
South of the river, the Poles prepared for another crossing. That night, they awaited the arrival of assault boats from XXX Corps, but these did not arrive until after midnight, and many were without oars. The crossings started at 03:00, with fire support from the 43rd Wessex Division. Through the remaining hours of darkness, only 153 men were able to cross – less than ¼ of the hoped for reinforcement. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271960 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_Atl%C3%A9tico_Del_Plata | Club Atlético Del Plata | Team colors | Club Atlético Del Plata / History / Team colors | Club Atlético Del Plata is a defunct Argentine football club that played in Primera División during the 1920s. The club would be later re-established but it finally disappeared in the 1990s. | Del Plata's first jersey was a white and light blue vertical stripes (similar to Racing Club de Avellaneda) which was worn until 1922 then the club adopted the half blue and white that would be its distinctive colors until its dissolution during the 1990s. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burns_supper | Burns supper | Main course | Burns supper / Standard order / Main course | A Burns supper is a celebration of the life and poetry of the poet Robert Burns, the author of many Scots poems. The suppers are normally held on or near the poet's birthday, 25 January, occasionally known as Robert Burns Day but more commonly known as Burns Night. However, in principle, celebrations may be held at any other time of the year. | At the end of the poem, a whisky toast will be proposed to the haggis, and the company will sit down to the meal. The haggis is traditionally served with mashed potatoes (tatties) and mashed swede (neeps). |
en | wit-train-topic-005271966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Haining | Jane Haining | Mass deportations to Auschwitz | Jane Haining / Arrest / Mass deportations to Auschwitz | Jane Mathison Haining was a Scottish missionary for the Church of Scotland in Budapest, Hungary, who was recognized in 1997 by Yad Vashem in Israel as Righteous Among the Nations for having risked her life to help Jews during the Holocaust.
Haining worked in Budapest from June 1932 as matron of a boarding house for Jewish and Christian girls in a school run by the Scottish Mission to the Jews. In or around 1940, after the outbreak of World War II in 1939, the Church of Scotland advised Haining to return to Britain, but she decided to stay in Hungary. When Germany invaded Hungary in March 1944, the SS began arranging the deportation of the country's Jews to Auschwitz II-Birkenau, the German extermination camp in occupied Poland. Arrested by the Gestapo in April 1944 on a variety of charges, apparently after a dispute with the school's cook, Haining was herself deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau in May. She died there three months later, probably as a result of starvation and the camp's catastrophic living conditions.
Little is known about Haining's work in Budapest or death in Auschwitz. | In April 1944, the Germans began deporting Hungary's Jews to the German extermination camp Auschwitz II-Birkenau in occupied Poland. The mass transports began on 15 May. Between then and 9 July 1944, the SS deported the Jewish community in closed freight wagons at a rate of 12,000 a day. According to Edmund Veesenmayer, Hitler's minister in Hungary, 437,402 Hungarian Jews were deported, constituting almost the entire Jewish population of Hungary's countryside. Deportees were taken in Hungarian trains to the Slovak border, then transferred to German trains to be taken to southern Poland, a journey of about two days. Squeezed into the wagons in horrendous conditions, with little air, light, food or water, with buckets for latrines and no privacy, many people died during the journey. Gertrud "Trude" Levi was deported from Hungary to Auschwitz in 1944:
The normal load for the trucks was 60–90 people, we were 120 ... We had two buckets for our human needs, we had to overcome our inhibitions to use them—men, women, strangers, children ... [W]ith every jolt of the train the muck ran out so we were sitting in it and we couldn't do a thing about it. This was June 1944, a very hot summer and there was very little air in the truck. The two openings had barbed wire over them and the air became really unbearable. ... [W]e were getting thirstier and thirstier ... you were hungry, you had a piece of bread in your hand but couldn't eat it because you couldn't swallow any more. It meant people went into hysterics, people went mad, people had heart attacks, and people died. And we had the dead, the mad, the hysterical and the screaming among us and we could not do a thing about it.
From May 1944 the trains into Auschwitz II arrived on a new train spur that had been built to carry the Hungarian Jews directly into the camp. The three-track line, which stopped near the gas chambers, meant that a new train could arrive while a previous one was being unloaded. The crematoria could barely cope; the Sonderkommando (prisoners forced to work there) had to start burning bodies in open fire pits. About 90 per cent of the Hungarian Jews who survived the journey to Auschwitz were sent to the gas chambers on arrival; the rest were selected for slave labour. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271968 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regions_of_Croatia | Regions of Croatia | Smaller regions | Regions of Croatia / Smaller regions | The Republic of Croatia is administratively organised into twenty counties, and is also traditionally divided into four historical and cultural regions: Croatia proper, Dalmatia, Slavonia, and Istria. These are further divided into other, smaller regions. | Banovina (or Banija)
is a region in central Croatia, situated between the rivers Sava, Una and Kupa.
Baranja
forms a small enclave between the region of Slavonia and the Republic of Hungary, it lies in the north east of Croatia. The rest of the region known as Baranja is located in Hungary.
Croatian Littoral (Hrvatsko primorje)
the maritime region of Croatia proper
Gorski kotar
the region occupies the area between the major cities of Karlovac and Rijeka (a.k.a. Fiume). The regions main city is Delnice. The river Kupa separates the region from the Republic of Slovenia in the north.
Konavle
forms a small subregion of Dalmatia in the very south of Croatia and stretches from the town of Cavtat up to the Prevlaka peninsula near Montenegro border.
Kordun
is a region in central Croatia, situated between Lika and Banovina.
Lika
lies at the cross-roads between continental and coastal Croatia. Apart from those that go through narrow region of Gorski Kotar to the north all Croatian roads that lead to the sea from Zagreb pass through Lika. One of Croatia's most famous national parks: the Plitvice Lakes National Park is located in this region.
Međimurje
is a small region in northern Croatia, situated between rivers Mura and Drava.
Moslavina
is a microregion located in the Croatian counties of: Zagreb County, Sisak-Moslavina County and Bjelovar-Bilogora County.
Its main cities are Kutina and Ivanić-Grad.
Podravina
is the Croatian region that lies around the river Drava along Croatia's northern border with Hungary.
Podunavlje
this region lies along the Croato-Serbian border in eastern Slavonia. The border follows the flow of the river Danube (Dunav) giving the region its name.
Posavina
the region is located around the river Sava that runs through central Croatia and then along the Croato-Bosnian border in southern Slavonia.
Prigorje
the region around Zagreb, roughly between Žumberak and Moslavina.
Syrmia (or Srijem)
this region is divided between Serbia and Croatia. In Croatia it is in the very east of the country.
Turopolje
a microregion in the Sava river valley south of Zagreb, with city of Velika Gorica in its center.
Hrvatsko Zagorje ("Croatian Upland", or simply Zagorje)
Hrvatsko Zagorje lies to the north of the Croatian capital city: Zagreb. Other major cities include the world-famous archeological site of Krapina and the baroque town of Varaždin. Its northern border is the Republic of Slovenia and the regions of Podravina and Međimurje, to the east lies Slavonia and to the west lies Kordun and Gorski Kotar.
Dalmatinska Zagora ("Dalmatian Hinterland", or simply Zagora)
the hinterland region of Dalmatia. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill_Collegiate_Institute | Winston Churchill Collegiate Institute | Campus | Winston Churchill Collegiate Institute / Overview / Campus | Winston Churchill Collegiate Institute is a public high school in the Dorset Park neighbourhood of Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada and is owned and operated by the Toronto District School Board The school was named after Winston Churchill, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and 1951 to 1955.
Although the language of instruction is English, 59 percent of the students do not use English as their primary language, and 26 percent have resided in Canada less than five years. In Spring 2007, there were 554 male students and 467 female students. Since then, the enrollment sits below 1000 with 644 students. The motto for Winston Churchill is Fides, Virtus, Doctrina which means "Faith, Excellence, Knowledge". | Winston Churchill shares the same design as West Hill Collegiate Institute and has since altered over time. Located in the 15-acre campus in the three-storey, 202,216-square-foot building, it started with 23 classrooms and has undergone major constructions and renovations in 1955, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1973 and 1983 that currently composes of more than 75+ classrooms for science and academics, four gymnasiums (girls in the upper, boys in the lower - both can be divided into smaller sections), a cafeteria, a library, workshop rooms (wood shop and auto shop) located in the eastern corner, a quad to enable creative learning opportunities for studies in science, the main office/guidance in the northeastern corner, the larger 904-seat auditorium, and the paved race track with the football/soccer field. There are 12 fire exits.
The auditorium, located at the southwestern corner of the school, was originally constructed in 1962 to accommodate the partially completed swimming pool but it was converted into an auditorium the last minute after the stage and seats were installed instead, although the plumbing systems remained attached.
The building is divided into three floors with the basement in the western corner, the main floor, and the upper floor in the north corner with each wing has block A, B, C, D, and E. Lockers are colored purple, grey, lime green, orange and teal. The main floor is easily accessible because Winston Churchill is one of the TDSB/SBE facilities not to have elevator access. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271971 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War | American Revolutionary War | North Ministry collapses | American Revolutionary War / War breaks out / North Ministry collapses | The American Revolutionary War, also known as the American War of Independence, was initiated by the thirteen original colonies in Congress against the Kingdom of Great Britain over their objection to Parliament's direct taxation and its lack of colonial representation.
From their founding in the 17th century, the colonies were largely left to govern themselves. As conflict with New France expanded, the costs of their defense increased; after the eviction of France from North America in 1763, Parliament and the colonies disputed how these expenses should be paid. Measures like the 1765 Stamp Act to increase government revenues provoked unrest that culminated in the 1773 Boston Tea Party. When Parliament responded by imposing punitive measures on Massachusetts, the other twelve colonies set up the First Continental Congress, which agreed to boycott British goods.
In June 1775, the Second Continental Congress appointed George Washington to create a Continental Army and oversee the capture of Boston. When their Olive Branch Petition was rejected, Congress sponsored an unsuccessful attack on British Quebec, before passing the Declaration of Independence in July 1776. | Lord North had been the King's Prime Minister in Parliament since 1770. By the end of 1777 with the loss of the first British army, King George III had determined that in the event of his initiating a separate war with France, he would have to redeploy most of the British and German troops in America to threaten French and Spanish Caribbean settlements. In the King's judgment, Britain could not possibly fight on all three fronts without becoming weak everywhere. At the news of the French-US treaties for trade and defense arrived at London, British negotiators proposed a second peace settlement to Congress.
The Carlisle Peace Commission was sent across the Atlantic to make a formal presentation to Congress. Firstly, virtual self-government by a kind of "home-rule" was contemplated. It would recognize Congress, suspend all objectionable acts of Parliament, surrender Parliament's the right to taxation, and perhaps allow American representatives to the House of Commons. But secondly, all property would be restored to loyal subjects, their debts honored, with locally enforced martial law, Parliament to regulate trade, and the Declaration of Independence withdrawn. Parliament's commission was rebuffed by a Congress which knew the British were about to evacuate Philadelphia. Before it returned to London in November 1778, the commission directed a change in British war policy. Sir Henry Clinton, the new British Commander-in-Chief in America was to stop treating rebels as subjects whose loyalty might be regained. Now they were to be enemies fought with ruthless hate. Those standing orders would be in effect for three years until Clinton was relieved.
Prior to the surrender of Cornwallis's army at Yorktown, George III still had hoped for victory in the South. He believed a majority of American colonists supported him, especially in the South and among thousands of black slaves. But after Valley Forge, the Continental Army was an efficient fighting force. After a two-week siege at Yorktown by Washington's army, a successful French fleet, French regulars and local reinforcements, the British surrendered on October 19, 1781. Lord North exclaimed, “Oh God! It is all over." Nevertheless, Lord North rebutted the Whig resolution in Commons to end offensive operations in America. The speech postponed the inevitable several weeks.
But the mood of the country in Great Britain had changed since the 1770s. Member of Parliament Edward Gibbon had believed the King's cause in America to be just, and the British and German soldiers there fought bravely. But after Yorktown, he concluded, "It is better to be humbled than ruined." There was no point in spending more money on Britain's most expensive war, with no hope of success. Whig William Pitt argued that war on American colonists had brought nothing but ineffective victories or severe defeats. He condemned effort to retain the Americans as a "most accursed, wicked, barbarous, cruel, unjust and diabolical war." Lord North resigned. George III never forgave him.
From the time London learned of the surrender of a second British army, it was only two weeks before the Whig Opposition motion to end offensive war in America which was defeated by only one vote. Three days later, on December 15, George III made a Speech from the Throne to a joint session of Parliament announcing for American independence, peace and trade. Less than two months later on February 27, 1782, the Commons carried the motion by 19 votes. At a vote of no confidence against Lord North, the Rockingham Whigs came to power and opened negotiations for peace with the Americans. Rockingham died and was succeeded by the Earl of Shelburne. The British troops remaining in America were garrisoned in the three port cities of New York, Charleston, and Savannah. General Clinton was recalled and replaced by Guy Carleton who was ordered to suspend offensive operations. |
en | wit-train-topic-005271973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partenon | Partenon | Introduction | Partenon | Partenon (literally Parthenon in Portuguese) is a neighbourhood in the city of Porto Alegre, the state capital of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It was created by Law 2022 from December 7, 1959.
Partenon was named after the Parthenon Literary Society, officially founded in 1868 by a group of writers and intellectuals. In its area, there are two important places nowadays: the São Pedro Psychiatric Hospital, inaugurated in 1884, and the central campus of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, one of the best private universities in the country.
It is considered a middle and lower class neighborhood in Porto Alegre, and little slums can be found here. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271974 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centropyge_tibicen | Centropyge tibicen | Introduction | Centropyge tibicen | Centropyge tibicen, known commonly as the keyhole angelfish or puller angelfish, is a species of marine fish in the family Pomacanthidae.
The keyhole angelfish is widespread throughout the tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific area.
The keyhole angelfish is a small size fish and can reach a maximum size of 19 cm length . |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271975 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leila_Zerrougui | Leila Zerrougui | Introduction | Leila Zerrougui | Leila Zerrougui (born 1956) is an Algerian legal expert on human rights and administration of justice. She has served as the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) since January 2018.
She was Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict from September 2012 to May 2017. In this capacity, she served as an independent advocate to build awareness and give prominence to the rights and protection of boys and girls affected by armed conflict.
Zerrougui was born in Souk Ahras. She graduated from L'Ecole Nationale d'Administration (Algiers) in 1980. Since 1993, she has held various academic positions at law schools in Algeria, and was associate professor of L'Ecole Supérieure de la Magistrature (Algiers). She has published extensively on the administration of justice and human rights. She was a member of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention under the United Nations Human Rights Council from 2001, and served as the Working Group's Chairperson-Rapporteur from 2003 until May 2008. Prior to this, she had a long career in the Algerian judiciary and, in 2000, was appointed to the Algerian Supreme Court.
She served as a juvenile judge and judge of first instance from 1980 to 1986, and as an appeals court judge from 1986 to 1997. From 1998 to 2000, she served as legal adviser to the Cabinet of the Ministry of Justice and, from 2000 to 2008, as legal adviser to the cabinet of the President of Algeria. She also worked in various positions within the Algerian government and was a member of the Algerian National Commission on the Reform of the Judiciary.
Prior to her appointment as Special Representative in 2012, she was Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Deputy Head of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) where, since 2008, she spearheaded the mission's efforts in strengthening the rule of law and protection of civilians. In 2013 she was succeeded by Abdallah Wafy. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271976 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazwell | Cazwell | Introduction | Cazwell | Luke Caswell, known mononomously as Cazwell, is an American rapper and songwriter. He has released the three studio albums Get Into It in 2006, Watch My Mouth in 2009 and Hard 2 B Fresh in 2014, along with videos and singles. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271980 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euploea_morosa | Euploea morosa | Introduction | Euploea morosa | Euploea morosa is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1866. It is found in the Australasian realm. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005271982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charmbracelet_World_Tour | Charmbracelet World Tour | Background | Charmbracelet World Tour / Background | The Charmbracelet World Tour was a worldwide concert tour in 2003–2004 by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey in support of her album Charmbracelet. The tour started on June 20, 2003 in Seoul, Korea visiting several countries in Asia, Europe, and North America before ending on February 26, 2004 in Dubai. | In April 2003, Carey announced a world tour in support of her recent studio album Charmbracelet. The tour followed her Rainbow World Tour in 2000 and was her most extensive lasting for sixty-nine shows over eight months. The tour reached many places in East Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East.
Since her debut on the music scene in 1990, Carey has toured very infrequently compared to many other established acts. As such, the length of this tour had actually been extended due to Carey attempting to promote the Charmbracelet album which was underperforming. After the initial stretch of the tour, Carey decided to add additional dates. For the new dates, she performed a more condensed show, removing several songs from the set list and performing a few new songs in their place with Christmas elements during the seasonal period.
Before tickets went on sale in the US, venues were switched from large arenas to smaller, more intimate theatre shows due to slow sales in some cities. According to Carey, however, the change was made in order to give fans a more intimate show. She said, "It's much more intimate so you'll feel like you had an experience. You experience a night with me." However, while smaller venues were booked for the US leg of the tour, Carey performed at some arenas in Asia and Europe. In the UK, it was Carey's first tour to feature shows outside London; she performed in Glasgow, Birmingham and Manchester. |
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