text
stringlengths 12
51.9k
| label
int64 0
9
|
|---|---|
the invention relates to a package and method of transportation for items of electrical apparatus . the items are required to be packaged for transport from the manufacturing location to a storage facility and then on to an end user . at the storage facility , preinstallation checks and procedures , also called staging , are performed on the items of apparatus including , in some instances the downloading of software and control features via electrical connection . the invention avoids the conventional need to remove the items of apparatus at the storage location for the performance of the checks and procedures by providing a package with selectively removable portions which , when removed , allow the required access to the components of the apparatus without needing to remove same from the package . | 1 |
a precipitation resistant ventilator for a structure enclosing an interior space . the ventilator encloses a space that is in communication with the structure interior space . a thin sheet of air permeable water resistant material is disposed within the ventilator interior . the thin sheet of air permeable water resistant material forms a barrier that excludes the entry of precipitation and other foreign matter into the roof structure while still allowing air exchange . | 8 |
We introduce the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) stellar parameter pipeline at Peking University - LSP3, developed and implemented for the determinations of radial velocity V<SUB>r</SUB> and stellar atmospheric parameters (effective temperature T<SUB>eff</SUB>, surface gravity log g, metallicity [Fe/H]) for the LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey of the Galactic Anticentre (LSS-GAC). We describe the algorithms of LSP3 and examine the accuracy of parameters yielded by it. The precision and accuracy of parameters yielded are investigated by comparing results of multi-epoch observations and of candidate members of open and globular clusters, with photometric calibration, as well as with independent determinations available from a number of external data bases, including the PASTEL archive, the APOGEE, SDSS and RAVE surveys, as well as those released in the LAMOST DR1. The uncertainties of LSP3 parameters are characterized and quantified as a function of the spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and stellar atmospheric parameters. We conclude that the current implementation of LSP3 has achieved an accuracy of 5.0 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>, 150 K, 0.25 dex, 0.15 dex for the radial velocity, effective temperature, surface gravity and metallicity, respectively, for LSS-GAC spectra of FGK stars of SNRs per pixel higher than 10. The LSP3 has been applied to over a million LSS-GAC spectra collected hitherto. Stellar parameters yielded by the LSP3 will be released to the general public following the data policy of LAMOST, together with estimates of the interstellar extinction E(B - V) and stellar distances, deduced by combining spectroscopic and multiband photometric measurements using a variety of techniques. | 9 |
one embodiment relates to a method of generating an n - bit checksum for variable - length data . an n - bit data word of the variable - length data is received by data input circuitry , and an n - bit input checksum generator is used to calculate an updated value of the n - bit checksum for n - bit data words . a plurality of smaller checksum generators and the n - bit input checksum generator are each used to calculate a last value of the n - bit checksum for the last data word of the variable - length data . control signals are used to controllably select the last value of the n - bit checksum from outputs of said checksum generators . other embodiments and features are also disclosed . | 7 |
disclosed is a removable compact hinge for pivotal connection between a furniture piece and a door . the apparatus incorporates a clamping attachment mechanism in order to avoid permanent mounting holes and to provide quick installation and adjustable installation location . the apparatus comprises a hinge cup pivotally connected to an attachment mechanism ion with a hinge arm . the attachment mechanism comprises a base slidably engaged with a sliding body , the sliding body including an adjustable pressure plate . a lever works with a set of links to slide the sliding body with respect to the base towards the furniture piece and mechanically and releasably clamp the attachment mechanism to the furniture piece without the use of typical wood screws thereby preserving the integrity of the furniture piece . the apparatus further includes adjustability in the vertical , horizontal , and lateral directions . | 5 |
GRB 160821A is the third most energetic gamma-ray burst observed by the Fermi gamma-ray space telescope. Based on the observations made by the Cadmium Zinc Telluride Imager on board AstroSat, here we report the most conclusive evidence to date of (i) high linear polarization ({66}<SUB>-27</SUB><SUP>+26</SUP> % ;5.3σ detection), and (ii) variation of polarization angle with time, occurring twice during the rise and decay phase of the burst at 3.5σ and 3.1σ detections, respectively. All confidence levels are reported for two parameters of interest. These observations strongly suggest synchrotron radiation produced in magnetic field lines that are highly ordered on angular scales of 1/Γ, where Γ is the Lorentz factor of the outflow. | 9 |
a monitoring system for a hfc network includes a plurality of “ test points ” disposed at various locations throughout the network . each test point is used to allow for the isolation of communication problems within the network and mitigation of the effects of the network problems . by distributing a plurality of test points throughout the topology of the network , only limited sections of the network need to be isolated at any point in time to address the particular communication problem . | 7 |
a long , tubular incandescent lamp has incorporated therein a filament formed by coupling light emitting segments and non - light - emitting segments alternately with each other . each of the light emitting segments is composed of a light emitting coil and a coil - like coupling member of a larger pitch than the light emitting coil . each of the non - light - emitting segments is composed of a bar formed to have a straight short - circuit part , bent portions at both ends thereof and supports respectively extending from the bent portions . the short - circuit part is inserted into the coil - like coupling member and these elements are then welded to each other to obtain the filament of alternately coupled light emitting and non - light - emitting segments . the composite filament is subsequently sealed in a long , tubular bulb . thus , the resulting incandescent lamp is easily assembled , simple in structure , and highly shock resistant . | 7 |
We report on the measurement of the all-particle cosmic ray energy spectrum with the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory in the energy range 10 to 500 TeV. HAWC is a ground-based air-shower array deployed on the slopes of Volcan Sierra Negra in the state of Puebla, Mexico, and is sensitive to gamma rays and cosmic rays at TeV energies. The data used in this work were taken over 234 days between June 2016 and February 2017. The primary cosmic-ray energy is determined with a maximum likelihood approach using the particle density as a function of distance to the shower core. Introducing quality cuts to isolate events with shower cores landing on the array, the reconstructed energy distribution is unfolded iteratively. The measured all-particle spectrum is consistent with a broken power law with an index of -2.49 ±0.01 prior to a break at (45.7 ±0.1 ) TeV , followed by an index of -2.71 ±0.01 . The spectrum also represents a single measurement that spans the energy range between direct detection and ground-based experiments. As a verification of the detector response, the energy scale and angular resolution are validated by observation of the cosmic ray Moon shadow's dependence on energy. | 9 |
this invention provides a method for repair for poles which have been damaged by environmental effects , which is easily transportable , simple to install , and easily adaptable to many classes of poles . the method involves excavating around the pole , cleaning the surface of the pole , pumping a fumigant into the pole , applying a bonding agent to the clean surface , and then applying strips of a composite fiberglass mat and resin to the pole in a controlled manner until a desired casement thickness has been achieved . the repair is completed by application of an ultraviolet resistant coating to the pole . | 4 |
a novel resin is provided for use in chromatography to enable purification of plasma proteins clq , clr and cls from cohn fraction i and other materials . an improved method results in obtaining substantially all of these materials from cohn fraction i or other media . the components of complement thus obtained are highly purified and retain full biological activity . | 8 |
most automatic particle classification methods produce errors . the invention provides a method for improving the accuracy of particle classification while shortening the amount of manual review time required from the operator . the method uses class weights , which are statistically - derived correction factors that accounts for frequency of classification errors . a first class weight and a second class weight are assigned to the first class and the second class , respectively . the number of particles in each of the first and the second classes is multiplied by the first class weight and the second class weight , respectively , to generate a corrected number of particles in each of the classes . if particles are reclassified , the class weights are recalculated in response to the reclassification . the method is usable with a complete classification where all the particles in a sample are classified , or a selective classification of a subset of the particles in the sample . | 6 |
On 2020 November 30, Parker Solar Probe (PSP) was crossed by a coronal mass ejection (CME)-driven shock, which we suggest was also crossing a convected, isolated magnetic structure (MS) at about the same time. By analyzing PSP/FIELDS magnetic field measurements, we find that the leading edge of the MS coincided with the crossing of the shock, while its trailing edge, identified as a crossing of a current sheet, overtook PSP about 7 minutes later. Prior to the arrival of the shock, the flux of 30 keV-3 MeV ions and electrons, as measured by PSP/Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (ISOIS)/Energetic Particle Instrument (EPI-Lo), increased gradually, peaking at the time of the shock passage. However, during the crossing of the MS downstream of the shock, the energetic-ion flux dropped dramatically, before recovering at about the time of the crossing of the trailing edge of the MS. Afterwards, the ion fluxes remained approximately constant within the sheath region of the CME shock. We interpret this depletion of energetic ions within the MS as the result of insufficient time to accelerate particles at the shock within the MS, given that the structure moves along the shock surface owing to its advection with the solar wind. We present results from a quantitative numerical model of the interaction of an idealized MS with a shock, which supports this interpretation. | 9 |
Stars in open clusters are expected to share an identical abundance pattern. Establishing the level of chemical homogeneity in a given open cluster deserves further study as it is the basis of the concept of chemical tagging to unravel the history of the Milky Way. M67 is particularly interesting given its solar metallicity and age as well as being a dense cluster environment. We conducted a strictly line-by-line differential chemical abundance analysis of two solar twins in M67: M67-1194 and M67-1315. Stellar atmospheric parameters and elemental abundances were obtained with high precision using Keck/High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer spectra. M67-1194 is essentially identical to the Sun in terms of its stellar parameters. M67-1315 is warmer than M67-1194 by ≈150 K as well as slightly more metal-poor than M67-1194 by ≈0.05 dex. M67-1194 is also found to have identical chemical composition to the Sun, confirming its solar-twin nature. The abundance ratios [X/Fe] of M67-1315 are similar to the solar abundances for elements with atomic number Z ≤ 30, while most neutron-capture elements are enriched by ≈0.05 dex, which might be attributed to enrichment from a mixture of asymptotic giant branch ejecta and r-process material. The distinct chemical abundances for the neutron-capture elements in M67-1315 and the lower metallicity of this star compared to M67-1194, indicate that the stars in M67 are likely not chemically homogeneous. This poses a challenge for the concept of chemical tagging since it is based on the assumption of stars forming in the same star-forming aggregate. | 9 |
a step assembly is easily mounted on the trailer hitch of a vehicle , and easily folded to a closed position or unfolded to an open position in place on the vehicle or off of the vehicle . in the open position , a person or a pet can more easily enter or leave a vehicle . in the closed position , the step assembly is more easily stored . | 1 |
a therapeutic ointment that includes a skin protecting agent , an anti - inflammatory agent , and an antibiotic composition , and a method of using the ointment to treat mammals suffering from dermatological infections . | 0 |
an air - mechanical expanding chuck for supporting a core for winding webs . a cylindrical chuck body defines a chamber which contains a piston with its piston rod extending out of the chamber for insertion into the core . the piston rod forms a tapered arbor at its end . three gripping elements bear against flat surfaces formed on the tapered arbor . by applying air to one side of the piston , the arbor is moved inboard relative to the core and the gripping elements are thereby expanded to engage the core &# 39 ; s interior . the chuck body &# 39 ; s inward face is provided with radially extending t - grooves to receive corresponding t - formed outer ends of the gripping elements which are movable radially in the t - grooves . the gripping elements are readily removable from the grooves and replaceable by elements of other sizes for different diameter cores . to disengage the gripping elements , compressed air is applied to the inboard side of the piston thereby moving the piston , piston rod and arbor outboard relative to the core whereby the gripping elements are released from the core . | 8 |
methods for forming thermal oxidative barrier coatings for organic matrix composites include applying a bond coat having nano - particles dispersed in a polyimide matrix to a hot side surface of a component and overlying the bond coat with a thermal barrier layer comprising a silsesquioxane or an inorganic polymer . the nano - particles may include clay platelets , graphite flakes or a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane . the bond coat may be applied as a liquid . the thermal barrier layer may be applied as a liquid , film , prepreg , molding compound , or a spray . | 2 |
a lubrication system for a fan drive gear system includes a main lubrication system and an auxiliary lubrication system . the auxiliary lubrication system including a collection channel disposed about the fan drive gear system for collecting expelled lubricant and an auxiliary pump including an inlet receiving lubricant from the collection channel and an outlet in communication with an auxiliary passage . the auxiliary pump supplies lubricant through the auxiliary passages to a bearing passage for communicating lubricant to a bearing . the auxiliary passages include a reservoir after the outlet of the auxiliary pump and before the bearing passage for storing lubricant . | 5 |
a semiconductor non - volatile memory device is disclosed which is based on the use of fowler - nordheim electron tunneling to charge and discharge the isolated gates of the storage cells . furthermore , the disclosed memory device includes global decoder circuitry capable of passing either positive or negative voltages to a set of global word lines controlling - local decoder circuitry , said local controller circuitry in turn controlling row select lines or local word lines . each local decoder controls a multiplicity of word lines . the local decoder circuitry is located in physical proximity to specific memory sectors thus resulting in an improved layout of the decoder circuitry and enabling the selection of one of the multiplicity of word lines within said sector by means of electrical control lines . the electrical control lines select one of the multiplicity of rows within a memory sector and deselect all the remaining rows . logic control circuitry is provided to control the logic of the local row decoders . | 6 |
a method for producing an escape route marking and the apparatus for an airplane comprising a luminous layer that luminesces in the dark , and a profile having two profile elements that can be connected to each other , wherein in a first of the profile elements , the luminous layer is arranged in a recess extending in the longitudinal direction , and the second profile element is provided to be connected with a base , wherein the procedure comprises the following steps : production of the luminous layer from a mixture of a silicone material and from photoluminescent pigments , and introduction of the mixture in a liquid state into the recess of the first profile element , wherein the mixture cures in the seat by crosslinking with the walls in the profile . | 8 |
this invention describes a high - performance , log - structured implementation of a raid subsystem that can be efficiently implemented in software . the methods described here allow the raid subsystem to achieve high performance without using specialized hardware such as non - volatile memory or hardware xor / dma engines . furthermore , the raid implementation described here is well suited for supporting many functions required for advanced storage virtualization such as virtual disks , graceful addition and removal of disks , tolerating multi - disk failures , and snapshots . | 8 |
an application specific framework is generated from configuration information contained in a configuration file . the application specific framework comprises a state transformation diagram . application specific plug - in code is generated from the configuration information for attaching application programs to the framework . external events trigger navigation of the state transformation diagram according to rules derived from user profile and user state information . navigation of the state transformation exercises function of the attached application programs . modification of the function of the framework is accomplished by simply modifying the configuration information as needed . | 6 |
a bed having a base , a pedestal oriented between a top side of the base and a patient support deck to facilitate elevational movement of the support deck . the patient support deck includes a seat section which includes a deck plate . a pair of laterally spaced support brackets are provided on the patient support deck . coupling elements are supported on each of the support brackets . separate patient supporting devices are configured to operatively connect to a selected one of the two coupling elements is provided . a guideway is provided on each of the support brackets , the guideway supporting a frame and having a track thereon . a receptacle is mounted on the track and for movement relative to the frame , the receptacle being stowable beneath the deck plate and deployable so that the receptacle is oriented immediately below the perineal edge of the seat section . | 0 |
the invention relates to a drilling tool comprising a clamping shaft and cutting element contiguous with said clamping shaft . the cutting element comprises at least one flute having a flute surface that has a concave cross - section . the at least one flute has a cut - in section in the chip - forming zone adjacent to the main cutting edge in the area of the flute front and / or the back segment to enlarge the flute cross - section . | 8 |
We study the properties of the type-C quasi-periodic oscillation (type-C QPO) of MAXI J1348-630 during its 2019 outburst and reflare with NICER. This is the first time that the evolution of the properties of type-C QPOs is studied during an outburst reflare. We found that the properties of the type-C QPO during the reflare are similar to those of type-C QPOs observed in other black hole systems during outburst. This suggests that the physical processes responsible for type-C QPOs are the same in a reflare and in an outburst. We also found that the full width at half-maximum of a high-frequency broad-band component observed during the reflare changes significantly with energy. We studied the energy-dependent fractional rms amplitude and phase lags of the type-C QPO from 0.5 to 12 keV. We found that the fractional rms amplitude increases up to 2-3 keV and then remains approximately constant above this energy, and the lag spectra of the type-C QPO are hard. We discuss the dependence of the fractional rms amplitude and phase lags with energy in the context of Comptonization as the radiative mechanism driving the QPO rms and lag spectra. | 9 |
a static logic circuit with a pull - up network and a pull - down network . the network is fabricated on soi substrates and the pull - up network comprises at least one nmos transistor and the pull down network comprises at least one pmos transistor . | 7 |
Context. Methanol masers of Class I (collisionally pumped) and Class II (radiatively pumped) have been studied in great detail in our Galaxy in a variety of astrophysical environments such as shocks and star-forming regions and are they are helpful to analyze the properties of the dense interstellar medium. However, the study of methanol masers in external galaxies is still in its infancy. <BR /> Aims: Our main goal is to search for methanol masers in the central molecular zone (CMZ; inner 500 pc) of the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253. <BR /> Methods: Covering a frequency range between 84 and 373 GHz (λ = 3.6-0.8 mm) at high angular (1.<SUP>″</SUP>6 ∼ 27 pc) and spectral (∼8-9 km s<SUP>−1</SUP>) resolution with ALCHEMI (ALMA Comprehensive High-resolution Extragalactic Molecular Inventory), we have probed different regions across the CMZ of NGC 253. In order to look for methanol maser candidates, we employed the rotation diagram method and a set of radiative transfer models. <BR /> Results: We detect for the first time masers above 84 GHz in NGC 253, covering an ample portion of the J<SUB>−1</SUB> → (J − 1)<SUB>0</SUB> − E line series (at 84, 132, 229, and 278 GHz) and the J<SUB>0</SUB> → (J − 1)<SUB>1</SUB> − A series (at 95, 146, and 198 GHz). This confirms the presence of the Class I maser line at 84 GHz, which was already reported, but now being detected in more than one location. For the J<SUB>−1</SUB> → (J− 1)<SUB>0</SUB> − E line series, we observe a lack of Class I maser candidates in the central star-forming disk. <BR /> Conclusions: The physical conditions for maser excitation in the J<SUB>−1</SUB> → (J − 1)<SUB>0</SUB> − E line series can be weak shocks and cloud-cloud collisions as suggested by shock tracers (SiO and HNCO) in bi-symmetric shock regions located in the outskirts of the CMZ. On the other hand, the presence of photodissociation regions due to a high star-formation rate would be needed to explain the lack of Class I masers in the very central regions. | 9 |
water instead of carbon dioxide is substituted for part of the volatile organic blowing agent , e . g ., pentane , resulting in extruded foams having a smooth , lustrous drum side skin compared to foams containing only organic blowing agent or organic blowing agent plus carbon dioxide . | 1 |
a firing mechanism in which the hammer and trigger are interconnected by gears , so that the hammer can be cocked and fired simply by pulling the trigger in what is commonly referred to as double - action . the hammer is mounted so that it can pivot independently of the gears in order to discharge a cartridge . a sear connects one of the gears to the hammer so that it can be cocked by means of the trigger and then released when the trigger is fully retracted . a safety feature is also provided by mounting the hammer so that it is normally out of alignment with the firing pin and , thereby , can not accidentally discharge the gun . however , when the trigger is pulled the hammer is shifted bodily to bring it into alignment with the firing pin . | 5 |
Puffy disc is a numerical model, expected to capture the properties of the accretion flow in X‑ray black hole (BH) binaries in the luminous, mildly sub‑Eddington state. We fit the kerrbb and kynbb spectral models in XSPEC to synthetic spectra of puffy accretion discs, obtained in general relativistic radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations, to see if they correctly recover the BH spin and mass accretion rate assumed in the numerical simulation. We conclude that neither of the two models is capable of correctly recovering the puffy disc parameters, which highlights a necessity to develop new, more accurate spectral models for the luminous regime of accretion in X‑ray BH binaries. We propose that such spectral models should be based on the results of numerical simulations of accretion. | 9 |
a lock , suitable for use in a car door , has a rotary latch which cooperates with a locking wedge , or the like , and can be locked by a locking pawl in a locking position . the pawl is actuatable by a setting device for bringing the rotary latch at least into an open position . in order to provide a lock which is of improved efficiency and is both compact in construction and operates reliably , transmission elements are arranged between the pawl and the setting device for transmitting movement of the setting device , in stepped - down fashion , to the pawl . | 4 |
the present invention provides pharmaceutically active compounds useful for the treatment of diseases or disorders of the central nervous system . | 2 |
a pre - gripper driving device for a pre - gripper cyclically driven oscillatingly and serving for transporting individual sheets in a sheet - processing machine , includes sheet grippers disposed at a free end of a rocking lever pivotable about a pivot pin fixed to a frame , the sheet grippers being movable relative to a gripper support about a gripper shaft aligned parallel to the pivot pin , for closing and opening the sheet grippers , and an activatable and regulatable drive for producing the movement of the grippers , the drive , on one hand , being connected to the sheet grippers and , on the other hand , being supported on one of the rocking lever and the frame ; and a printing unit , a digital printing unit , a rotary printing machine and a multicolor rotary printing machine , respectively including the pre - gripper driving device . | 1 |
a method of closed loop control for an optical link is presented , utilizing a copper feedback connection between the optical transmitter and optical receiver , suitable for short distance applications . an architecture is provides that may be used to define and maintain an optimum optical launch power for a defined bit error rate , guaranteeing extinction ratio and absolute optimum operating power . the invention also includes the use of such a loop in achieving fast link initialization and dynamic optimization to compensate for all effects of time and temperature for all components within the link . | 7 |
a can contains an electrically conductive body and a closure region being delimited by a predetermined breaking edge on an end wall . the can has an opening element that lies in a planar fashion in its home position against the end wall and is connected to the end wall at at least one location . the opening element pivots with respect to the can from the home position into an opening position and the closure region becomes detached and an opening for emptying the content of the can is formed in the intermediate region bounded by the predetermined breaking edge . the opening element has a carrier body made of electrically and / or magnetically insulating material . the opening element has an antenna arranged on or in the carrier body and a transponder chip connected to the antenna . the home position of the antenna is disposed in the vicinity of the can . | 1 |
<BR /> Aims: We report on ESPRESSO high-resolution transmission spectroscopic observations of two primary transits of the highly irradiated, ultra-hot Jupiter-sized planet, WASP-76b. We investigated the presence of several key atomic and molecular features of interest that may reveal the atmospheric properties of the planet. <BR /> Methods: We extracted two transmission spectra of WASP-76b with R ≈ 140 000 using a procedure that allowed us to process the full ESPRESSO wavelength range (3800-7880 Å) simultaneously. We observed that at a high signal-to-noise ratio, the continuum of ESPRESSO spectra shows `wiggles', which are likely caused by an interference pattern outside the spectrograph. To search for the planetary features, we visually analysed the extracted transmission spectra and cross-correlated the observations against theoretical spectra of different atomic and molecular species. <BR /> Results: The following atomic features are detected: Li I, Na I, Mg I, Ca II, Mn I, K I, and Fe I. All are detected with a confidence level between 9.2 σ (Na I) and 2.8 σ (Mg I). We did not detect the following species: Ti I, Cr I, Ni I, TiO, VO, and ZrO. We impose the following 1 σ upper limits on their detectability: 60, 77, 122, 6, 8, and 8 ppm, respectively. <BR /> Conclusions: We report the detection of Li I on WASP-76b for the first time. In addition, we confirm the presence of Na I and Fe I as previously reported in the literature. We show that the procedure employed in this work can detect features down to the level of ~0.1% in the transmission spectrum and ~10 ppm by means of a cross-correlation method. We discuss the presence of neutral and singly ionised features in the atmosphere of WASP-76b. <P />Based on guaranteed time observations collected at the European Southern Observatory under ESO programme 1102.C-0744 by the ESPRESSO Consortium. | 9 |
No description provided. | 9 |
We use rest-frame optical and near-infrared (NIR) observations of 42 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the Carnegie Supernova Project at low-z and 37 from the RAISIN (SNIA in the IR) Survey at high-z to investigate correlations between SN Ia host galaxy dust, host mass, and redshift. This is the first time the SN Ia host galaxy dust extinction law at high-z has been estimated using combined optical and rest-frame NIR data (YJ band). We use the BAYESN hierarchical model to leverage the data's wide rest-frame wavelength range (extending to ~1.0-1.2 μm for the RAISIN sample at 0.2 ≲ z ≲ 0.6). By contrasting the RAISIN and Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP) data, we constrain the population distributions of the host dust R<SUB>V</SUB> parameter for both redshift ranges. We place a limit on the difference in population mean R<SUB>V</SUB> between RAISIN and CSP of -1.16 < Δμ(R<SUB>V</SUB>) < 1.38 with 95 per cent posterior probability. For RAISIN we estimate μ(R<SUB>V</SUB>) = 2.58 ± 0.57, and constrain the population standard deviation to σ(R<SUB>V</SUB>) < 0.90 [2.42] at the 68 [95] per cent level. Given that we are only able to constrain the size of the low- to high-z shift in μ(R<SUB>V</SUB>) to ≲1.4 - which could still propagate to a substantial bias in the equation-of-state parameter w - these and other recent results motivate continued effort to obtain rest-frame NIR data at low- and high-redshifts (e.g. using the Roman Space Telescope). | 9 |
a ridge vent for tile roofs . the vent includes first and second sub - flashing portions for spanning air gaps provided between the upper reaches of a roof deck and below a centrally located ridge beam . a plurality of ventilation apertures are provided in each of the sub - flashing portions . a top cap flashing is provided for attachment above the ridge beam . included in the top cap flashing are a plurality of ventilation apertures defined by edge wall portions . a tile roof is provided , of the flat , low profile undulating , or of the s - tile type . tiles are provided in rows up to the edge of the sub - flashing . the gap between the top of the tiles and the bottom of the top cap flashing is preferably provided with a weathertight seal . ridge cap tiles are provided in conventional stacked fashion running along above the top cap flashing . as a result , a generally triangular ventilation gap is provided along and below the lateral edges of the ridge cap tile , which allows air to enter and leave the attic space below the tile roof , while providing high resistance to wind blown water . | 4 |
a baseball instructional device and method for use teaches a hitter how to properly hit a ball depending on the location at which the ball is thrown by the pitcher . the device is capable of positioning a baseball , softball , or other ball , at proper hitting positions relative to the hitter , thus teaching the hitter when and where to swing to make proper contact with the ball . in addition to positioning the ball relative to the hitter , the device is provided with visual indicators to assist in teaching the hitter the proper location for striking the ball with the bat . | 0 |
it is highly desirable to be able to cure rubbers quickly since the amount of energy required for the curing process is reduced and the number of articles that can be cured in a mold in a given time is increased . in other words , the cycle time needed to cure articles made from such a rubber is reduced and the throughput of a mold utilized in curing such a rubber is increased . unfortunately , most attempts to accelerate the cure rate of rubber have resulted in the rubber having poor scorch safety . the present invention discloses a fast curing rubber blend having excellent scorch safety which comprises : from 50 to 98 weight percent of at least one polydiene rubber , and from 2 to 50 weight percent of at least one vinylpyridine copolymer comprised of repeat units which are derived from a diene monomer and vinylpyridine wherein from 1 to 75 weight percent of the repeat units in said copolymer are derived from vinylpyridine . | 2 |
the origin address of an e - mail message is validated to enable blocking of e - mail from spam e - mail sources , by preparing , in response to the receipt of a predetermined e - mail message from an unverified source address , a data key encoding information reflective of the predetermined e - mail message . this message , including the data key , is then issued to the unverified source address . the computer system then operates to detect whether a response e - mail message , responsive to the challenge e - mail message , is received and whether the response e - mail message includes a response key encoding predetermined information reflective of a predetermined aspect of the challenge e - mail message . the unverified source address may be recorded in a verified source address list . thus , when an e - mail message is received , the computer may operate to accept receipt of a predetermined e - mail message on condition that the source address of the predetermined e - mail message is recorded in the verified source address list and alternatively on condition that the predetermined e - mail message includes the response key . | 7 |
a handle for easily and quickly deploying a shelter wherein a conventional “ instant ” type shelter is provided having a deployment handle made of webbing material attached to the upper corner of diagonally opposed shelter frame comers , allowing the users to grasp the deployment handles and move outward from each other to expand the shelter frame to its full footprint prior to raising the frame to its desired height and locking it in place . | 4 |
Context. NGC 3532 is an extremely rich open cluster embedded in the Galactic disc, hitherto lacking a comprehensive, documented membership list. <BR /> Aims: We provide membership probabilities from new radial velocity observations of solar-type and low-mass stars in NGC 3532, in part as a prelude to a subsequent study of stellar rotation in the cluster. <BR /> Methods: Using extant optical and infra-red photometry we constructed a preliminary photometric membership catalogue, consisting of 2230 dwarf and turn-off stars. We selected 1060 of these for observation with the AAOmega spectrograph at the 3.9 m-Anglo-Australian Telescope and 391 stars for observations with the Hydra-South spectrograph at the 4 m Victor Blanco Telescope, obtaining spectroscopic observations over a decade for 145 stars. We measured radial velocities for our targets through cross-correlation with model spectra and standard stars, and supplemented them with radial velocities for 433 additional stars from the literature. We also measured log g, T<SUB>eff</SUB>, and [Fe/H] from the AAOmega spectra. <BR /> Results: The radial velocity distribution emerging from the observations is centred at 5.43 ± 0.04 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> and has a width (standard deviation) of 1.46 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>. Together with proper motions from Gaia DR2 we find 660 exclusive members, of which five are likely binary members. The members are distributed across the whole cluster sequence, from giant stars to M dwarfs, making NGC 3532 one of the richest Galactic open clusters known to date, on par with the Pleiades. From further spectroscopic analysis of 153 dwarf members we find the metallicity to be marginally sub-solar, with [Fe/H] = -0.07 ± 0.10. We confirm the extremely low reddening of the cluster, E<SUB>B - V</SUB> = 0.034 ± 0.012 mag, despite its location near the Galactic plane. Exploiting trigonometric parallax measurements from Gaia DR2 we find a distance of 484<SUP>35</SUP><SUB>-30</SUB> pc [(m - M)<SUB>0</SUB> = 8.42 ± 0.14 mag]. Based on the membership we provide an empirical cluster sequence in multiple photometric passbands. A comparison of the photometry of the measured cluster members with several recent model isochrones enables us to confirm the 300 Myr cluster age. However, all of the models evince departures from the cluster sequence in particular regions, especially in the lower mass range. <P />Full Tables 1, 3 and 4 are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/622/A110">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/622/A110</A>Based on data acquired through the Australian Astronomical Observatory, under program S/2017A/02.Based on observations at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory under proposals 2008A-0476, 2008A-0512, 2008B-0248, 2010A-0281, 2010B-0492, and 2011B-0322. | 9 |
a container set comprises a first container adapted to be reused by being refilled with the contents of a second container containing a product of a volume not exceeding the volume of the first container . the two containers comprise mouth parts with guide faces allowing a coupling together of the containers in a position in which said containers are mutually immovable in radial direction . furthermore , the mouth parts of the containers comprise co - operating sealing faces preventing the contents from leaking into the surroundings when the coupled containers are manipulated in order to transfer the contents from the second container to the first container . | 1 |
a slot - in optical recording and / or reproducing apparatus includes a case formed with a slot and a swingable cover . the case provides a housing for adopting components of the slot - in optical recording and / or reproducing apparatus . the optical disk is drawn out of / into the slot - in optical recording and / or reproducing apparatus through the slot . the swingable cover is used to expose / block the slot to / from the exterior of the slot - in optical recording and / or reproducing apparatus . | 6 |
a method and apparatus is disclosed for identifying changes in composition in a flow containing an oil / hydrocarbon gas fluid mixture , including a measurement of the respective holdups of any two of the gas , oil and water ; and measurements to determine attenuation or scattering of high energy photons passing through the mixture ; and combining holdup measurements and attenuation or scattering measurements to detect the presence or concentration of a hetero - component in the mixture . | 6 |
combinations of α7 - nachr agonists and statins , pharmaceutical compositions containing the same and methods of using the same useful for treatment or prophylaxis of neurological degenerative diseases . | 0 |
a memory device is disclosed . a pillar structure comprises a first electrode layer , a dielectric layer overlying the first electrode layer , and a second electrode layer overlying the dielectric layer . a phase change layer covers a surrounding of the pillar structure . a bottom electrode electrically connects the first electrode layer of the pillar structure . a top electrode electrically connects the second electrode layer of the pillar structure . | 7 |
a holding assembly for a camera , such as a smartphone , which may be hung from a wide variety of surfaces to position the camera for taking pictures that include the camera &# 39 ; s user . the length of a rod at which the end of the camera may be attached is adjustable to set the camera at the appropriate height . the adjustable rod has a handle at one end and may have a c - shaped hook adjacent to the handle . at the other end of the assembly is a mount for the camera . alternatively , the holding assembly may fold open to attach the camera to one section and the support surface to another section . the holding assembly may be attached to the support surface on an upper section by a sticky gel that doesn &# 39 ; t damage a surface and the camera may be attached to the lower section with magnets or gel . | 5 |
the invention relates to a disinfection apparatus for disinfecting liquid cleaning of health care objects and the like , which disinfection equipment comprises a washing system for supplying liquid to a chamber which is adapted to hold said objects in cleaning , a pump for pumping liquid in said washing system , and at least one collection space connected to the inlet of the pump for collecting liquid from said chamber to the pump . said collection space is defined by at least one partition which has an extent horizontally from the inlet of the pump and which screens the inlet of the pump from liquid descending into the chamber at least nearest the inlet of the pump . | 0 |
an integrated circuit for processing security - relevant data has data output circuits and access control circuits wherein a disturbance of the power supply of the access control circuits results in a blocking of the data output circuits . | 8 |
anti - reflective compositions and methods of using those compositions to form circuits are provided . the compositions comprise a polymer dissolved or dispersed in a solvent system . in one embodiment , the compositions comprise less than about 0 . 3 % by weight of a strong acid . in another embodiment , the weight ratio of strong acid to weak acid in the composition is from about 0 : 100 to about 25 : 75 . examples of preferred weak acid compounds include phenolic compounds , carboxylic acids , phosphoric acid , and cyano compounds . the polymer and other ingredients are preferably physically mixed in a solvent system . the resulting compositions are spin bowl compatible . | 8 |
assembling magnetic circuitry for an mri system is disclosed . the mri system comprises two permanent magnets provided within a yoke structure such as to face each other for generating magnetic field in the space defined therebetween , and two pole pieces respectively provided on opposing surfaces of the permanent magnets . each of the pole pieces is installed at a predetermined position of the corresponding permanent magnet by sliding the pole piece on the corresponding permanent magnet in a direction parallel with a main surface of the corresponding permanent magnet on which the pole pieces is to be installed . | 8 |
a video signal reproducing apparatus for reproducing a video signal from a recording medium includes a rotary head arranged to periodically trace the recording medium and reproduce the recorded video signal , a memory arranged to receive the video signal reproduced by the rotary head , memory control circuitry for controlling writing into and reading from the memory , a rotation controller for controlling rotation of the rotary head ; and mode setting circuitry for setting the apparatus into one of a plurality of modes including first and second still picture reproduction modes . in both modes , stored signals are repetitively read from the memory with reading address resetting occurring in the course thereof . in the first mode , which involves short term reproduction , the rotary head is caused to rotate and the resetting is dependent of detection of phase detection of the rotary head . in the second mode , which involves long term reproduction , rotation of the rotary head is discontinued and resetting is attained without dependence on phase detection . | 7 |
a tissue connector has a first pointed end , an anchor end , a body with a periphery and a plurality of protrusions projecting from said periphery of said body . the plurality of protrusions are adapted to grasp tissue in a direction of movement of the first end of the connector through tissue and are not adapted to grasp tissue in an opposite direction of movement of the connector through tissue , which is in the direction of the anchor end . at axial locations of said body , three said protrusions are about equally located about the periphery of said body . at axial locations on a cylindrical periphery of the body protrusions are locate at about 120 degree spacings . | 0 |
in a single handle faucet valve of a type wherein a stem is interconnected with a control member so that movement of the stem moves the control member to vary hot and cold water mix and flow rate and wherein the stem includes a stem ball and there is provided bearing means for the stem ball , there is disclosed stem sealing means that is novel and advantageous . | 8 |
disclosed is a method of encapsulating integrated circuit chips formed on an insulating substrate which permits complete filling of areas under the chip . the encapsulant employed is a dispersion of a material , such as a silicone elastomer , which cures by reaction with water vapor . subsequent to application of the encapsulant over and under the chip , the solvent of the dispersion is evaporated during a pre - cure treatment by means of a dry ambient of less than 5 % relative humidity which suppresses crosslinking . after essentially all the solvent is thus removed , the encapsulant is cured by exposure to a second ambient of higher relative humidity which enhances crosslinking . | 8 |
a system and method for detecting and summarizing events based on data feeds from a plurality of sources . such sources may include social media networks , text messages , news feeds among others . the system may receive raw information from such sources containing data related with possible events . method for event detection may include pre - processing and normalizing data input from any source registered , this may also include ; extracting and disambiguating events and entities , associate event and entities , correlate events and entities associated from a data input which results from a different data source , for validating / verifying an event . subsequently , the validated / verified event may be stored in a local data storage and / or in a web - server . | 6 |
Large-scale coronal plasma evolutions can be adequately described by magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations. However, full multi-dimensional MHD simulations require substantial computational resources. Given the low plasma $\beta$ in the solar corona, in many coronal studies, it suffices to approximate the magnetic field to remain topologically fixed and effectively conduct one-dimensional (1D) hydrodynamic (HD) simulations instead. This approach is often employed in studies of coronal loops and their liability to form condensations related to thermal instability. While 1D HD simulations along given and fixed field line shapes are convenient and fast, they are difficult to directly compare with multi-dimensional phenomena. Therefore, it is more convenient to solve volume-filling, multi-dimensional versions of the MHD equations where we freeze the magnetic field, transforming it into frozen-field HD (ffHD) equations for simulation. We have incorporated this ffHD module into our open-source MPI-AMRVAC code and tested it using a two-dimensional (2D) evaporation--condensation model to study prominence formation due to radiative losses. The 2D ffHD results are compared with those from actual 2D MHD and pseudo-2D HD simulations, analyzing the differences and their causes. Pseudo-2D studies account for the known {flux tube} expansion effects. Overall, the performance of 2D ffHD is close to that of 2D MHD and pseudo-2D HD. The 2D tests conducted in this paper will be extended in follow-up studies to 3D simulations based on analytical or observational approaches. | 9 |
a continuously operating press for the production of particleboards , fiberboards or similar wooden - material boards and plastic sheets allows for the free longitudinal expansion or contraction of the press heating plates by having a press force frame structure of individual press frames positioned between support carriers and mounted on sliding members on the lower support carriers . the sliding members are designed as rolling wheel segments that are assigned to each individual frame of the press force support structure . | 1 |
a rotary encoder is coupled to the drive for a printing head to detect and encode movement of the drive and produce signals therefrom which are used to control the direction and positioning of the printing head . a rotating disc - like wheel in the encoder has a plurality of peripheral window openings which act in conjunction with a light source and detector to produce a signal train from which the movement and instantaneous location of the printing head is determined . | 6 |
in a method for operating an indirect extrusion press , wherein the indirect extrusion press includes an indirect punch having a tool head that can be accommodated on the indirect punch , a closure piece , and a longitudinally movable block holder having a material block accommodation for accommodating a material block , after pressing a material block and forming a shell in a shell chamber , a tool head to be replaced is pushed out of the block holder by a tool head to be inserted , so that very operationally reliable removal of a shell formed during one or more pressing procedures is possible . for this purpose , an indirect extrusion press can have a maximal distance between a closure piece and an indirect punch that corresponds at least to the sum of the expanses of the tool head and of the block holder in the movement direction . | 1 |
a flat light source having a front plate and a rear part . the front plate is held at a distance from the rear part by spacers . a gaseous filling which is under a pressure lower than the ambient atmospheric pressure is introduced into the intermediate space between the front plate and rear part , and the front plate is of a glass material . to be able to produce flat light sources of this type which have a low intrinsic weight , according to this invention the front plate and / or the rear part can be configured as an at least partly thermally or chemically tempered glass pane or the front plate and / or the rear part can be configured as a glass pane which at least in areas is coated with ductile polymer material . | 2 |
a method of making epoxy molds for making wax patterns have metal posts disposed therein which transfer compressive forces between the force applying members of the press in which the molds are located . the metal cylinders in the upper mold section have right hand screw threaded axial bores and the metal cylinders in the lower mold section have left hand screw threaded axial bores . the metal cylinders are connected together when the mold sections are poured by connecting studs which have oppositely threaded ends . after the epoxy cures , screw drivers are inserted into the threaded bores from outside the molds and the connecting studs are turned in a direction which causes the mold sections to separate in turnbuckle fashion . accurate alignment of the inner end faces of the cylinders in the parting surfaces of the mold sections is achieved by having the metal posts connected during the mold pouring steps . | 8 |
a conductor lift attachment for a mobile boom or crane vehicle allowing temporarily support of power transmission conductors , e . g ., for installation , repair , or maintenance operations . the conductor lift is hingedly attached to a boom tip so that the conductor lift is readily movable between deployed and stowed positions . the conductor lift comprises hinged arms that are selectively movable between opposed , parallel , and intermediate positions . | 7 |
a simplified system and method for remotely monitoring and optionally further controlling pumpjack operating parameters of a pumpjack located at a distant site but within wireless cell phone station reception . sensors situated on a pumpjack monitor and create analog output of operational conditions of the pumpjack . digitizing means digitize the analog output of the sensors to digital data , and modem means transmit the digital data via a wireless cellular network to a network server . a user &# 39 ; s computer communicates with the network server via the internet , and accesses the digital data to obtain information regarding the operational conditions of the pumpjack . | 7 |
an automatic lubrication assembly that dispenses grease under pressure to machinery which requires frequent lubrication , including a spring biased one - piece rigid plastic molded plunger that has a flexible thin walled sealing lip eliminating the requirement for any seals , slidable in an open ended plastic grease cup covered by a removable cap that permits the biasing spring to be easily changed . the grease cup is formed integrally with a plastic base that has a metal outlet fitting insert molded therein that extends into the cup a substantial distance beyond a transverely positioned inlet fitting in the base to absorb side loads on the plastic cup and base . | 5 |
a sphygmomanometer includes a base block and a cuff block having a cuff for restricting flow of blood , the cuff block being connected to the base block in such a manner that an angle of the cuff block with respect to a horizontal plane is variable within an angular range . the sphygmomanometer further includes a spring biasing unit for returning the cuff block to a position at a predetermined angle within the variable angular range of the cuff block when the cuff block is not used . | 0 |
a carpet seam press is disclosed . the press includes means for cooling and pressing a recently - formed seam between two adjoining sections of carpet . the press further includes a light projecting from at least one end for illuminating confined work areas . the press also includes a bottom plate having several small holes formed in it and fans for forcing air through those holes and onto the seam being pressed and cooled . further yet , the press may provide an electrical convenience outlet to eliminate the need for more than a single extension cord . | 1 |
the present invention is an adjustable height bed side guard device and method to reduce the risk of a child from falling out of bed while sleeping and help wean or transition a child away from needing a bed side guard . the bed side guard height can be adjusted and reduced or raised in set time intervals , providing a simple , step - by - step process to help a child become confident as well as subconsciously accustomed to being in a bed . the device comprises at least one elongated bolster with two or more connected layers that are assembled on top of a conventional mattress and secured in operative position along one side of the mattress by a conventional mattress pad or fitted bed sheet covering the mattress and the bolster and is tucked under the mattress . multiple devices may be used to provide further security on all sides of a bed . | 8 |
The stellar initial mass function (IMF) in the early universe is essential to understand the formation of ancient galaxies. To this end, we conduct a series of long-term radiation hydrodynamic simulations following star cluster formation, varying the metallicity from Z/Z<SUB>⊙</SUB> = 10<SUP>-4</SUP> to 1. We particularly consider the effects of protostellar radiative feedback, which modify the exact shape of the IMF and determine the star formation efficiency (SFE), i.e. the ratio between the mass in stars and the initial gas mass in the parental cloud. Our results show that the IMF changes from a Salpeter-type to a top-heavy function as the metallicity decreases. When Z/Z<SUB>⊙</SUB> ≲ 10<SUP>-2</SUP>, the IMF becomes log-flat and distinct from a Salpeter-like IMF. Stellar feedback is effective in shaping both the low- and high-mass ends of the IMF. Heating of dust grains by stellar radiation suppresses small-scale fragmentation and reduces the number of low-mass stars with M<SUB>*</SUB> ≲ 1 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> at all metallicities. The ionizing radiation hinders the growth of massive stars, steepening the slope of the IMF at the high-mass end. The resulting feedback is more effective at lower metallicity, and star formation is regulated by stellar radiative feedback, with the SFE decreasing with decreasing metallicity. We suggest that the unexpectedly large number of UV-bright galaxies at z > 10 reported by JWST observations can be explained by considering star cluster formation at Z/Z<SUB>⊙</SUB> ~ 10<SUP>-2</SUP> or 10<SUP>-3</SUP>, where the IMF is top-heavy, but the SFE is not too low due to stellar feedback. | 9 |
an on - chip function call aware software code profiling counter system and method is disclosed . when building software code a compiler / tool - chain can modify prologues and epilogues of functions to add instrumentation code which uniquely identifies the function . each function included in the instrumented source code tree is assigned a unique identifier by the compiler / tool - chain . writing a unique id for a function to a register starts profiling for the function . the profiling is performed by a counter that counts the number of instruction cycles since the last unique id was written to the register . when a unique id for a next function to be profiled is written to the register , the old register value and the counter value are latched to one or more buffers and the counter is cleared to start the next count sequence for the next function to be profiled . | 6 |
the invention provides devices and methods for sampling , detecting and / or characterizing particles . devices and methods of the invention , including particle samplers , impactors and counters , include a filter component for removing particles in the exhaust flow of the device , for example , to eliminate or minimize the potential for the device itself to provide source of particles in an environment undergoing particle monitoring . this aspect of the present devices and methods is particularly useful for monitoring particles in manufacturing environments requiring low levels of particles , such as cleanroom environments for electronics manufacturing and aseptic environments for manufacturing pharmaceutical and biological products . | 6 |
We present an analysis of more than 11 years of Fermi-GBM data in which 217 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are found for which their main burst is preceded by a precursor flash. We find that short GRBs (<2 s ) are ∼10 times less likely to produce a precursor than long GRBs. The quiescent time profile, given by the time between the precursor and the main burst, is well described by a double Gaussian distribution, indicating that the observed precursors have two distinct physical progenitors. The light curves of the identified precursor GRBs are publicly available in an online catalog (https://icecube.wisc.edu/~grbweb_public/Precursors.html). | 9 |
an electrophoretic imaging process wherein a suspension of particles in a carrier liquid are placed between a photoconductive electrode and a second electrode . with an electrical field applied between the photoconductive electrode and the second electrode the photoconductor is exposed to imagewise radiation which causes particles on the surface of the photoconductive electrode to be driven away in image configuration by charge exchange with the photoconductive electrode . the migrating particles form a negative image on the second electrode leaving a positive image behind on the photoconductive electrode . | 6 |
a manual transmission clutch protection apparatus includes a shift gate cylinder acted upon by the operator controlled shift lever having a first shift pattern that represents all possible shift positions and two or more additional but limited shift patterns corresponding to certain gears which limit the gears selectable and enagageable by the vehicle operator . two or more actuators which may be solenoids or other electric , hydraulic or pneumatic actuators translate blocking pins or plungers into the additional or limited shift patterns to lockout or block motion of the shift lever and shift gate cylinder into certain gears . engine speed and temperature sensors , a vehicle speed sensor and a current gear sensor provide data which is utilized to compute which gears , under current sensed operating conditions , should be locked out , that is , unavailable for selection by the vehicle operator . | 5 |
In recent years, dramatic outbursts have been identified toward massive protostars via infrared and millimeter dust continuum and molecular maser emission. The longest lived outburst (>6 yr) persists in NGC 6334 I-MM1, a deeply embedded object with no near-IR counterpart. Using FORCAST and HAWC+ on SOFIA, we have obtained the first mid-IR images of this field since the outburst began. Despite being undetected in pre-outburst ground-based 18 μm images, MM1 is now the brightest region at all three wavelengths (25, 37, and 53 μm), exceeding the UCHII region MM3 (NGC 6334 F). Combining the SOFIA data with ALMA imaging at four wavelengths, we construct a spectral energy distribution of the combination of MM1 and the nearby hot core MM2. The best-fit Robitaille radiative transfer model yields a luminosity of (4.9 ± 0.8) × 10<SUP>4</SUP> L<SUB>⊙</SUB>. Accounting for an estimated pre-outburst luminosity ratio MM1:MM2 = 2.1 ± 0.4, the luminosity of MM1 has increased by a factor of 16.3 ± 4.4. The pre-outburst luminosity implies a protostar of mass 6.7 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>, which can produce the ionizing photon rate required to power the pre-outburst HCHII region surrounding the likely outbursting protostar MM1B. The total energy and duration of the outburst exceed the S255IR-NIRS3 outburst by a factor of ≳3, suggesting a different scale of event involving expansion of the protostellar photosphere (to ≳20 R<SUB>⊙</SUB>), thereby supporting a higher accretion rate (≳0.0023 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>-1</SUP>) and reducing the ionizing photon rate. In the grid of hydrodynamic models of Meyer et al., the combination of outburst luminosity and magnitude (3) places the NGC 6334 I-MM1 event in the region of moderate total accretion (∼0.1-0.3 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>) and hence long duration (∼40-130 yr). | 9 |
in a method for machining grooves , especially fir - tree grooves , which are provided for accommodating blades , on a rotor of a turbine , especially a low - pressure steam turbine , great simplification and high flexibility is achieved by the fact that in the grooves , or fir - tree grooves , material is removed by a program - controlled milling device , wherein the milling device is inserted into the groove , or fir - tree groove , with a milling tool which is guided along the places in the groove , or fir - tree groove , which are to be machined , by a milling tool positioning device , which is freely movable in space . | 8 |
a method for detecting a microorganism by coloration is provided that includes adding and reacting , in a liquid culture medium , an alkaline sensitizing solution and a coloring reagent containing a redox dye , the liquid culture medium having been inoculated with a test sample , thereby detecting the microorganism by coloration in the reaction . there is also provided a method for testing drug susceptibility of a microorganism using above - mentioned method . furthermore , kits used in these methods are provided . the invention is useful to assess readily and objectively the growth of microorganism when carrying out e . g . a detection of microorganism in foods and a test such as a drug susceptibility test . | 8 |
a meter is used in conjunction with a hollow , frustum - shaped disposable device to measure the concentration of an analyte in a sample of a biological fluid . the smaller end of the frustum has a porous membrane , to which a sample of the fluid may be applied . preferably , a reagent in the membrane reacts with the analyte to cause a color change . the meter has a frustum - shaped distal section that mates with the device . the meter measures the color change and computes from the change the analyte concentration in the sample . the meter and disposable device permit remote dosing of the device , which minimizes the likelihood of cross - contamination between the user and the meter . devices can be mounted on the meter and released from the meter without touching them , to further protect against contamination . | 8 |
a method of operating a take - up frame is disclosed herein . specifically , a method of operating a take - up frame is disclosed which includes reading a force indication , wherein the force indication is obtained and provided through mechanical means . additionally , the method includes adjusting the amount of force applied to achieve a desired amount of force . | 5 |
The conversion of observed magnitudes (or the actual observed photon or electron count rates) to a flux density is one of the most fundamental calculations. The flux conversions factors for the six Swift/UVOT filters are tabulated in Table1. <P />(1 data file). | 9 |
with the purpose of attaining effective reduction of vertical vibrations , there is arranged in vertical direction between the vibrating mass and the excitation source one or more little - damped springing systems which include compressed - air springing elements provided with a connecting pipe for the inlet or outlet of compressed air , whereby active intervention in the functioning of base springing systems is made possible . the active intervention concerns the vibrating of the mass in the resonance of the systems , and consequently , these systems may be provided only with the dampers which enable low damping or may be even without dampers at all . moreover , between the vibrating mass and one or more springing systems , or between the springing systems and the excitation source , there is arranged one or more acceleration transformers in vertical direction . the deformation of each acceleration transformer amplified by the corresponding deflection amplifier opens its main valves , which proportionally to their displacement in the sense of opening thereof , let compressed air flow into the corresponding springing element or out of it into the atmosphere . | 8 |
a method for fabricating a semiconductor device which protects the ohmic metal contacts and the channel of the device during subsequent high temperature processing steps is explained . an encapsulation layer is used to cover the channel and ohmic metal contacts . the present invention provides a substrate on which a plurality of semiconductor layers are deposited . the semiconductor layers act as the channel of the device . the semiconductor layers are covered with an encapsulation layer . a portion of the encapsulation layer and the plurality of semiconductor layers are removed , wherein ohmic metal contacts are deposited . the ohmic metal contacts are then annealed to help reduce their resistance . the encapsulation layer ensures that the ohmic metal contacts do not migrate during the annealing step and that the channel is not harmed by the high temperatures needed during the annealing step . | 7 |
a ground based wind turbine blade inspection system and method consists of a thermal imaging camera configured to detect propagating defects by acquiring thermal imaging data from a wind turbine blade when it is substantially at thermal equilibrium with respect to surrounding air and analyzing the thermal imaging data with a processor to identify thermal effects associated with latent defects caused by internal friction due to cyclic gravitational stresses and wind loads during normal turbine operation . the system permits latent defects to be identified using a ground - based in situ inspection before they become visually apparent , which allows repairs to be made economically while the blade is in place . | 8 |
a combined atomic force and near field microscope assembly for atomic level inspection of a target object . the assembly includes a scanning probe with a sharp tip and a photosensitive region on its lower surface . a sample is disposed on a glass substrate and exposed to an evanescent wave generated on the glass substrate by total internal reflection . an optical probe comprising a microfabricated cantilever having an apex in close proximity to a photosensitive region is disposed in close proximity to a sample . the photosensitive region collects light generated by ftr at the apex of the optical probe due to local disruptions of the evanescent field caused by the probe tip . a cantilever displacement mechanism is included so as to allow for operation in a second mode as a conventional atomic force microscope . | 8 |
We investigate nuclear light profiles in 135 ATLAS<SUP>3D</SUP> galaxies for which the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging is available and compare them to the large-scale kinematics obtained with the SAURON integral-field spectrograph. Specific angular momentum, λ<SUB>R</SUB>, correlates with the shape of nuclear light profiles, where, as suggested by previous studies, cores are typically found in slow rotators and core-less galaxies are fast rotators. As also shown before, cores are found only in massive galaxies and only in systems with the stellar mass (measured via dynamical models) M ≳ 8 × 10<SUP>10</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>. Based on our sample, we, however, see no evidence for a bimodal distribution of nuclear slopes. The best predictor for finding a core is based on the stellar velocity dispersion within an effective radius, σ<SUB>e</SUB>, and specific angular momentum, where cores are found for λ<SUB>R</SUB> ≲ 0.25 and σ<SUB>e</SUB> ≳ 160 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>. We estimate that only about 10 per cent of nearby early-type galaxies contain cores. Furthermore, we show that there is a genuine population of fast rotators with cores. We also show that core fast rotators are morphologically, kinematically and dynamically different from core slow rotators. The cores of fast rotators, however, could harbour black holes of similar masses to those in core slow rotators, but typically more massive than those found in core-less fast rotators. Cores of both fast and slow rotators are made of old stars and found in galaxies typically lacking molecular or atomic gas (with a few exceptions). Core-less galaxies, and especially core-less fast rotators, are underluminous in the diffuse X-ray emission, but the presence of a core does not imply high X-ray luminosities. Additionally, we postulate (as many of these galaxies lack HST imaging) a possible population of core-less galaxies among slow rotators, which cannot be explained as face-on discs, but comprise a genuine sub-population of slow rotators. These galaxies are typically less massive and flatter than core slow rotators, and show evidence for dynamical cold structures and exponential photometric components. Based on our findings, major non-dissipative (gas-poor) mergers together with black hole binary evolution may not be the only path for formation of cores in early-type galaxies. We discuss possible processes for formation of cores and their subsequent preservation. | 9 |
a side airbag unit for mounting on or in the backrest of a vehicle seat includes an airbag skin enclosing a gas chamber , and an inflator for filling of said gas chamber . the airbag skin exhibits a main section which serves for protection of the vehicle occupant when the side airbag is expanded and which in the resting state of the side airbag is present as a package , wherein the package is at least partly rolled . in order to provide a side airbag unit of low weight with its airbag skin nevertheless showing a controlled and reproducible expansion behavior , the airbag skin further comprises at least one auxiliary section which in the resting state encompasses the main section in two layers at least in sections , wherein an additional area of the gas chamber is present between the two layers of the auxiliary section at least in the resting state . | 1 |
a well safety valve for controlling the fluid flow through a well tubing in which the valve is biased closed . when fluid control pressure is supplied from the well surface , the valve is opened , but the valve closes when the control pressure exceeds a predetermined value . the tubular member controlling the actuation of the valve member includes a first upper and a second lower telescoping section with releasable locking means normally securing the telescoping sections together . a stop shoulder is positioned in the path of movement of the second section in the opening direction for actuating the release of the locking means when the control fluid force exceeds said predetermined value , and the second telescoping section is moved in a closing direction for closing the valve member when the locking means is released . the locking means may be either a shear pin or a resettable lock . | 4 |
the invention discloses a solid catalytic component comprising a metallocene , at least one first ligand of which comprises a cyclopentadienyl group chemically bonded via a methyl group to a support composed of a porous inorganic compound . it also discloses a process for the preparation of such a solid catalytic component . application to the polymerization and copolymerization of olefins . | 8 |
the error concealment technique disclosed herein relates to the use of existing information by the decoder to conceal bitstream errors regardless of what the encoder does . examples of existing information include , for example , the previous reference frame , macroblock information for the previous reference frames , etc . another aspect of the system described herein relates to the steps that the encoder can take to enhance the decoder &# 39 ; s ability to recover gracefully from a transmission error . exemplary steps that can be taken by the encoder include intra walk around and sending gob headers . although these encoder techniques can provide greatly enhanced results , they are not strictly necessary to the system described herein . | 7 |
an instrument includes multiple sensing elements of the variable - capacitance type . the sensing elements are placed by a switching network into a single capacitance sensing circuit , and those elements which are not active in the circuit at a given time are switched by another or the same switching network into a ground shunt . the switching is effected at a rate , in relation to the expected vibrational spectrum of the sensor system , to determine a set of readings which are essentially equivalent to a set of simultaneous capacitance measurements of the plural sensing element . a preferred system is a weight sensing system employing three or four load cells to support a scale platform . | 6 |
We present a measurement of the low-mass quiescent size–mass relation at cosmic noon (1 < z < 3) from the JWST PRIMER and UNCOVER treasury surveys, which highlights two distinct classes of quiescent galaxies. While the massive population is well studied at these redshifts, the low-mass end has been previously underexplored due to a lack of observing facilities with sufficient sensitivity and spatial resolution. We select a conservative sample of low-mass quiescent galaxy candidates using rest-frame UVJ colors and specific star formation rate criteria and measure galaxy morphology in both rest-frame UV/optical wavelengths (F150W) and rest-frame near-infrared (F444W). We confirm an unambiguous flattening of the low-mass quiescent size–mass relation, which results from the separation of the quiescent galaxy sample into two distinct populations at $\mathrm{log}({M}_{\star }/{M}_{\odot })\sim 10.3$ : low-mass quiescent galaxies that are notably younger and have disky structures, and massive galaxies consistent with spheroidal morphologies and older median stellar ages. These separate populations imply mass quenching dominates at the massive end while other mechanisms, such as environmental or feedback-driven quenching, form the low-mass end. This stellar mass-dependent slope of the quiescent size–mass relation could also indicate a shift from size growth due to star formation (low masses) to growth via mergers (massive galaxies). The transition mass between these two populations also corresponds with other dramatic changes and characteristic masses in several galaxy evolution scaling relations (e.g., star formation efficiency, dust obscuration, and stellar-to-halo mass ratios), further highlighting the stark dichotomy between low-mass and massive galaxy formation. | 9 |
Context. As a subcategory of active galactic nuclei, blazars are distinguished by their non-thermal variable emission. This emission extends over the whole electromagnetic spectrum and is a consequence of particle acceleration inside their relativistic jets. However, an open question remains regarding the relation of radio emission compared to that of higher frequencies. <BR /> Aims: Observations of blazar emission show that the location of radio might be very different from the one where the rest of the spectrum is produced and, thus, often requires separate modeling. We aim to produce both types of emission within the context of a single model. <BR /> Methods: We constructed a self-consistent one-zone expanding leptonic model for studying the connection between the radio emission and the emission at higher frequencies. We then applied it to the flaring states of blazars. Assuming an accelerating episode as the source moves down the jet and expands, we numerically studied the electron evolution as they lose energy due to adiabatic expansion and synchrotron or inverse Compton radiation. <BR /> Results: We find that high-frequency radiation mimics the electron injection and is mainly produced close to the acceleration site where cooling is strong. In contrast, the radio emission is produced further down the jet when the emitting region has become optically thin with regard to synchrotron self-absorption due to expansion. We briefly present the role of the initial parameters, such as the magnetic field strength, the electron luminosity, and expansion velocity, on the localization of the radio emission site. We show that the expanding one-zone model is inherently different from the non-expanding one and, in addition, it requires more parameters. For example, we apply our approach to the observational data of a Mrk 421 γ-ray and radio flare observed in 2013. | 9 |
a tool , has a tool shell having a top side for shaping a fiber - reinforced component , and an underside , wherein said tool shell is dimensionally stable and is provided with an integrally moulded ribbed structure on said underside to provide a dimensional stability . | 1 |
the object of the present invention is to provide steering responsiveness and linear steering perception when the steering wheel is restored , even when there is excessive , sudden steering beyond a predetermined tolerance . if a steering angle θ suddenly enters a “ play ” range at the left and right ends of the θ − x n plane , the steering direction of the steering wheel can lead to a localized change in the gear ratio . fig . 3 is a graph showing an example of this type of hysteresis loop . when a driver tries to get out of the “ play ” range by turning the steering wheel in the restoring direction , a positive value can be achieved for the localized gear ratio based on the above hysteresis loop even in the “ play ” range . thus , based on this arrangement , if the steering angle θ exceeds the tolerance range , the localized gear ratio can be prevented from being continuously 0 when the steering wheel is immediately turned in the restoring direction . | 1 |
We present a search for transient radio sources on time-scales of seconds to hours at 144 MHz using the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS). This search is conducted by examining short time-scale images derived from the LoTSS data. To allow imaging of LoTSS on short time-scales, a novel imaging and filtering strategy is introduced. This includes sky model source subtraction, no cleaning or primary beam correction, a simple source finder, fast filtering schemes and source catalogue matching. This new strategy is first tested by injecting simulated transients, with a range of flux densities and durations, into the data. We find the limiting sensitivity to be 113 and 6 mJy for 8 second and 1 hour transients respectively. The new imaging and filtering strategies are applied to 58 fields of the LoTSS survey, corresponding to LoTSS-DR1 (2% of the survey). One transient source is identified in the 8 second and 2 minute snapshot images. The source shows one minute duration flare in the 8 hour observation. Our method puts the most sensitive constraints on/estimates of the transient surface density at low frequencies at time-scales of seconds to hours; $<4.0\cdot 10^{-4} \; \text{deg}^{-2}$ at 1 hour at a sensitivity of 6.3 mJy; $5.7\cdot 10^{-7} \; \text{deg}^{-2}$ at 2 minutes at a sensitivity of 30 mJy; and $3.6\cdot 10^{-8} \; \text{deg}^{-2}$ at 8 seconds at a sensitivity of 113 mJy. In the future, we plan to apply the strategies presented in this paper to all LoTSS data. | 9 |
a method of starting an auto - ignition gas torch includes increasing a flow of oxygen above zero and increasing a flow of fuel gas to a level lower than the flow of oxygen for improved start reliability . in one form , the flow of oxygen is from about two times to about six times higher than the flow of fuel gas . | 5 |
Subsets and Splits