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a tonometric device for use in hollow viscus tonometry and remote sensing of patient fluid parameters is disclosed . the device is capable of monitoring certain critical fluid properties of interest , such as oxygen gases and carbon dioxide gases in the wall tissue itself of the patient &# 39 ; s organ , rather than monitoring such properties in a lumen of the organ . a walled sampling chamber , which is preferably an inflated balloon member , is provided on an elongated tube , with provisions for positioning the sampling chamber in direct contact with a wall portion of the patient &# 39 ; s internal organ . | 0 |
a surface treatment process which enables a substrate to be given specific physical properties , especially surface nanoporosity , for example with a view to electroless metallizing it , and which completely replaces surface treatment by sulfo - chromic pickling . the surface treatment includes a hybrid uv / corona treatment of the substrate surface followed by non - electrolytic metallization . a device for implementing these processes is also disclosed . | 1 |
The ensemble of chemical element abundance measurements for stars, along with precision distances and orbit properties, provides high-dimensional data to study the evolution of the Milky Way. With this third data release of the Galactic Archaeology with HERMES (GALAH) survey, we publish 678 423 spectra for 588 571 mostly nearby stars (81.2 per cent of stars are within <2 kpc), observed with the HERMES spectrograph at the Anglo-Australian Telescope. This release (hereafter GALAH+ DR3) includes all observations from GALAH Phase 1 (bright, main, and faint survey, 70 per cent), K2-HERMES (17 per cent), TESS-HERMES (5 per cent), and a subset of ancillary observations (8 per cent) including the bulge and >75 stellar clusters. We derive stellar parameters T<SUB>eff</SUB>, log g, [Fe/H], v<SUB>mic</SUB>, v<SUB>broad</SUB>, and v<SUB>rad</SUB> using our modified version of the spectrum synthesis code Spectroscopy Made Easy (SME) and 1D MARCS model atmospheres. We break spectroscopic degeneracies in our spectrum analysis with astrometry from Gaia DR2 and photometry from 2MASS. We report abundance ratios [X/Fe] for 30 different elements (11 of which are based on non-LTE computations) covering five nucleosynthetic pathways. We describe validations for accuracy and precision, flagging of peculiar stars/measurements and recommendations for using our results. Our catalogue comprises 65 per cent dwarfs, 34 per cent giants, and 1 per cent other/unclassified stars. Based on unflagged chemical composition and age, we find 62 per cent young low-$\alpha$, 9 per cent young high-$\alpha$, 27 per cent old high-$\alpha$, and 2 per cent stars with [Fe/H] ≤ -1. Based on kinematics, 4 per cent are halo stars. Several Value-Added-Catalogues, including stellar ages and dynamics, updated after Gaia eDR3, accompany this release and allow chrono-chemodynamic analyses, as we showcase. | 9 |
an electronic sensor is configured to be carried by a person and to be used by the person to detect a cleanliness state of the person &# 39 ; s hands . a single unit includes the electronic sensor and a device to provide an indication of the cleanliness state of the person &# 39 ; s hands and / or a device to identify the person . a circuit that is configured to control how long after a cleanliness state of a person &# 39 ; s hands has been determined to be clean , the state is presumed no longer to be clean . a badge that includes indicia identifying a person who carries the badge , a sensor to be used to detect a cleanliness state of the person &# 39 ; s hands , and a visible indicator to indicate to other people the cleanliness state of the person &# 39 ; s hands can be used in combination . | 6 |
the present invention relates to a process for the production of organic acids by biologically hydrolysing the corresponding nitriles . this process is distinguished by the fact that the nitrile in aqueous solution is subjected to the action of bacteria showing nitrilasic activity , preferably selected from the species : bacillus , bacteridium as defined by prevot , micrococcus and brevibacterium as defined by bergey . the process according to the invention can be used in particular for the production of racemic lactic acid . | 8 |
the output delivered by a transducer having an integral power law transfer characteristic is stabilized by controlling output signal components related to the operating bias and gain of the transducer circuit . a test input signal comprising a sine - wave is applied to the transducer . the fundamental and integral harmonic components are filtered from the resulting output signal . the transducer is stabilized by restoring in sequence the amplitude of the harmonic and fundamental components to predetermined values respectively related to desired operating gain and bias conditions . a typical transducer is a cathode ray tube . | 7 |
disclosed is a method whereby content - consumption information is gathered from members of a group . based on the gathered information , a shared social program guide is created and presented to the member of the group . group members interact with the shared social program guide to recommend and eventually to select content to consume . the selected content is then rendered to the content - consumption devices of the group members . the rendering is done in a coordinated fashion . to enhance social interaction , the shared social program guide can tell a viewer which other group members are currently available for consuming content . a communication channel can be set up among the group members to coordinate their choices or to allow them to discuss the content being viewed . in some embodiments , the shared social program guide accepts commands that alter the rendering of the chosen content . the altered rendering is coordinated among the viewers . | 6 |
a target is shaped in the form of an animate object , preferably , simulating an animal . the target is formed from any suitable material which can receive a projectile impacting thereagainst . the target is provided with a torso opening in which is emplaced a graphic representation of the internal organs of the animal so simulated . the present target is particularly adapted for use in archery . | 5 |
apparatus utilizing conventional telephone lines to transmit a coded tone to a resetting apparatus installed in combination with a burglar alarm . the alarm system includes a plurality of series circuited switches utilized to maintain an alarm relay in an energized condition , when properly set to detect entry by unauthorized personnel at building openings , or other locations , each utilizing one of the series circuited switches . the instant invention responds to an incoming telephone ringing signal so as to simulate a timed pick - up of the switch hook of the telephone only when one or more of the series building opening entry detecting switches have been operated into an open position or upon an equipment failure which activates the alarm device de - energizing the alarm relay . upon receipt of a pre - determined coded tone , or series of tones , a tone detecting apparatus feeds a four in - put nand gate , preparing a circuit path for the reclosure of the alarm relay . a logic circuit is used to select the open alarm switch so as to simulate its closure . the alarm relay is restored to its energized condition preventing the apparatus from automatically responding to a second incoming call thereto unless another equipment breakdown or alarm switch circuit opening occurs . | 7 |
in order to prepare seat installation in a vehicle , a floor plate is prepared remotely and then inserted into the bottom of the vehicle . the floor plate has an upper side with rail members for mounting seats . the rail members are separated by plate elements forming the floor plate together with the rail members . in order to ensure a proper stability of the floor plate before insertion into the car , a straight rigid profile is provided at the ends of the floor plate . | 1 |
a method of delivering guided radiation arriving via a first transparent medium having a first refractive index into a second transparent medium having a second refractive index that is smaller than the first refractive index , comprising : providing a transparent radiation delivery waveguide capable of admitting concentrated radiation and having a longitudinal axis and a third refractive index substantially equal to or greater than the first refractive index and adapted to guide the radiation along the longitudinal axis . the waveguide having a tapered radiation delivery portion of non - circular cross - sectional shape . mounting the waveguide in optical contact with the first transparent medium so that the radiation delivery portion projects inside the second transparent medium . | 8 |
a washing device for a cylinder in a printing press includes a washing cloth for removing contaminants and ink , etc . from the surface of the cylinder and an ultrasonic source directing sound energy onto the surface of the cylinder to assist a washing operation . a focusing device disposed in front of the ultrasonic source concentrates the sound energy on a substantially linear focus region on the surface of the cylinder , extending parallel to the axis of the cylinder . | 1 |
a liquid dispenser bottle of a resiliently flexible material has a relatively thin , resiliently flexible septum of circular planform seated on and spanning the dispenser outlet , peripherally sealingly clamped in place by a dispenser nozzle cap . the septum has a 90 ° butt cut slit formation defining at least one resiliently flexible valve flap integrally joined along a hinge line area to the septum proper for outward deflection of the flap by internal liquid pressure when the dispenser is squeezed . the septum is also formed with at least one tiny hole , preferably on or in the vicinity of the hinge line area to increase flexibility of the valve flap , to serve as a vent to greatly accellerate relaxation and normalization of the squeeze bottle wall . | 8 |
a suction device has a flexible sucker membrane having a peripherally extending skirt , and an actuator arranged to act to reconfigure the sucker between a suction enhanced configuration and a suction released configuration . the actuator is also operable to lift an outer edge of the peripherally extending skirt which enables more convenient release of the suction device than would otherwise be possible . | 5 |
a template for evaluating a part , comprising : a surface having a shape corresponding to the part ; and at least one element on the surface corresponding to a desired location of a feature on the part . a method of evaluating a part , comprising the steps of : providing a template having a shape corresponding to the part and at least one element thereon corresponding to a desired location on the part ; associating the template with the part ; and using the element to determine whether the feature is at the desired location . | 1 |
a peer - to - peer application which can be applied to tvs . the p2p application promotes a social networking aspect by allowing devices connecting to either the home mesh network and / or internet to share contents and create common - interest channels . the p2p application does not require support from network infrastructure , and consequently is extremely cost - effective and easy to deploy . the distributed nature of this system allows users to join or leave the network at will . it takes advantage of the local home mesh network connectivity , or existing internet connections . a participant that tunes into a broadcast on an internet channel is not only downloading a video stream , but also uploading it to other participants watching the program . data mining systems capture user preferences and create personalized internet channels on the tv using the p2p network . | 7 |
a sludge lance for a tube and shell steam generator that has a central divider plate that extends substantially the length of a central tube lane substantially bisecting a hand hole through which the tube lane can be accessed . the sludge lance has a nozzle with a spring biased , reciprocally movable plunger that extends against the divider plate and is locked in position by a stream of high pressure cleaning fluid that traverses the nozzle and exits through jets to clean sludge from between the tubes . an alignment tool with a swing arm indexes the jets to assure they are properly aligned with the tube rows and spaced from the divider plate . | 5 |
an apparatus is provided for producing a compensated voltage output comprising at least one photovoltaic module biasing means connected in series with the at least one photovoltaic module . the biasing means is operable to generate a controllable bias voltage for modulating an output voltage of the at least one photovoltaic module to produce the compensated voltage output . | 8 |
a method of measuring total charge of an insulating layer on a semiconductor substrate includes applying corona charges to the insulating layer and measuring a surface photovoltage of the insulating layer after applying each of the corona charges . the charge density of each of the corona charges is measured with a coulombmeter . a total corona charge required to obtain a surface photovoltage of a predetermined fixed value is determined and used to calculate the total charge of the insulating layer . the fixed value corresponds to either a flatband or midband condition . | 6 |
a schedule management system includes a schedule data table which stores the schedule data including an identifier of a schedule owner , the time zone , activity and the state of the schedule . a definition data table stores the definition data for determining the relation between the registration and display of the schedule and the schedule and the state in he schedule data . a schedule data registration unit accepts a schedule reservation request , determines whether the schedule registration is permitted or not based on the schedule state of the schedule data existing in the schedule data table and the definition data , and when the schedule registration is permitted , registers the reservation schedule in the schedule data table . a schedule data approval unit accepts a request from the schedule owner for approving / disapproving the schedule and rewrites the schedule state of the corresponding schedule data in the schedule data table . a schedule display unit accepts a schedule display request , determines whether the existing schedule is displayed or not based on the schedule state of the schedule data existing in the schedule data table and the definition data , and displays only the schedule data determined for display . | 6 |
a device for locking a power tool to a battery pack has at least one movable locking bar mountable on the power tool and upon locking engaging a detent recess of the battery pack , and at least one unlocking device for manually disengaging the locking bar from the detent recess , wherein the unlocking device is mountable on the battery pack . | 7 |
a programmable integrated circuit utilizes a large number of intermediate - grain processing elements which are multibit processing units arranged in a configurable mesh . the coarse - grain resources , such as memory and processing , are deployable in a way that takes advantage of the opportunities for optimization present in given problems . to accomplish this , the interconnect supports three different modes of operation : a static value in which a value set by the configuration data is provided to a functional unit , static source in which another functional unit serves as the value source , and a dynamic source mode in which the source is determined by the value from another functional unit . | 6 |
a dispenser for liquid consumables locates a store of the particular liquid at a location remote from the dispensing location . the dispensing location is typically located above a counter and may include a relatively narrow stem that brings a flexible liquid delivery tube up to a valve . valuable counter space is conserved . one or more disposable , flexible and collapsible bags contain the store of liquid and communicates with the dispensing location via the liquid delivery tube . confined in contact with each flexible bag is an inflatable bladder to which compressed air is routed . liquid is dispensed each time the valve opens . when exhausted the flexible bag is replaced . safety interlock switches vent the inflatable bladder to prevent its expanding explosively upon opening of the location where the liquid containing bag will replace the empty . where the liquid needs temperature control , temperature control means are provided where the liquid is stored . air movement from that location into the stem to a dispensing fountainhead controls the temperature of the liquid in the delivery tube . in the dispensing of dairy product , as in cream for coffee , temperature control is refrigeration . the dairy product is cooled over its entire route from the flexible bag to the fountainhead . the location of the collapsible , flexible bag and expansible bladder may be directly below the stem and fountainhead in a cabinet , and the entire unit may be movable from one location to another . when consistency of liquid amount dispensed is needed , a dosing valve meters out a measured amount . | 1 |
For single particle tracking to monitor endocytosis in yeast, this release uses YeastSpotter (Lu et al. 2019) for cell segmentation, scikit-image (van der Walt et al. 2014) for image processing, Trackpy (Allan et al. 2019) for single particle tracking and SciPy (Jones et al. 2016) for generating metrics. | 9 |
hot electron injection into the gate oxides of mosfet devices imposes limitations on the miniaturization of such devices in vlsi circuits . a buried channel with a surface spacer is provided to guard against hot electron trapping effects while preserving process and structure compatibility with micron or submicron vlsi devices . the channel current is redirected into a buried channel at a distance away from the interface in the vicinity of the drain region where the hot electron effect is most likely to occur . additionally , a surface implant is performed to improve any gate control that may be lost as a result of the buried channel so as to mitigate any degradition of the current - voltage characteristics of the device . | 8 |
the micromixer with overlapping - crisscross entrance incorporated with the grooved microchannel , is used effectively for mixing two or more fluid streams . the x - shape overlapping - crisscross inlet ports wherein two microfluidic channels contact over a small area , allow the fluid streams flow through and create the tumbling inside the micromixer . then merging with some patterned grooves on the walls also induces swirling motion . as a result , the folding and stretching effects of the flow are augmented to amplify the fluid mixing of two or more streams of the inlet fluids within a relative short distance in the micromixer . all of the flow streams are actuated with either pressure driven by a syringe pump or capillary electrophoresis . the present invention is applicable for micro total analysis systems and drug delivery systems . | 1 |
a system of one or more computers can be configured to perform particular operations or actions by virtue of having software , firmware , hardware , or a combination of them installed on the system that in operation causes or cause the system to perform the actions . one general aspect includes a system , including a computer having a processor and a memory , the memory storing instructions executable by the processor such that the computer is programmed to receive an image of at least one lane marker from an image capture device mounted to a vehicle . the system also identifies a lane transition according to the image . the system can also control at least one of steering , braking , and acceleration of the vehicle according to a history of data concerning the lane transition locations . | 6 |
an expandable liquid barrier having an expandable layer attached to an adhesive layer is disclosed . the barrier provides constant containment without restricting access or creating a hazard in an area . the barrier is generally low profile like a length of tape until contacted by a liquid . once in contact with a liquid the barrier expands and provides containment of the liquid . one means for expanding the barrier in the presence of liquid is to provide an expandable fill , such as super absorbent polymer , between the layers . other means for releasing expanding the barrier include using a water - soluble adhesive to hold a resilient expanding layer and providing contracting section which increases the profile of the barrier . the barrier may be used in combination with a switch to enable reaction to the spill . | 8 |
a process for more efficiently separating nitrogen and methane using a double column cryogenic rectification nitrogen rejection unit wherein feed is passed through a high pressure stripping column prior to the nitrogen rejection unit . as a result , higher pressure methane can be recovered with reduced compression requirements , and an upgraded feed to the nitrogen rejection unit enables more efficient separation . | 8 |
In the core of the Sun, energy is released through sequences of nuclear reactions that convert hydrogen into helium. The primary reaction is thought to be the fusion of two protons with the emission of a low-energy neutrino. These so-called pp neutrinos constitute nearly the entirety of the solar neutrino flux, vastly outnumbering those emitted in the reactions that follow. Although solar neutrinos from secondary processes have been observed, proving the nuclear origin of the Sun's energy and contributing to the discovery of neutrino oscillations, those from proton-proton fusion have hitherto eluded direct detection. Here we report spectral observations of pp neutrinos, demonstrating that about 99 per cent of the power of the Sun, 3.84 × 10<SUP>33</SUP> ergs per second, is generated by the proton-proton fusion process. | 9 |
A metallicity, chemical composition, and kinematic survey has been conducted for a sample of 340 candidate field red horizontal-branch (RHB) stars. Spectra with high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio were gathered with the McDonald Observatory 2.7 m Tull and the Hobby-Eberly Telescope echelle spectrographs, and were used to determine effective temperatures, surface gravities, microturbulent velocities, [Fe/H] metallicities, and abundance ratios [X/Fe] for seven α and Fe-group species. The derived temperatures and gravities confirm that at least half of the candidates are true RHB stars, with (average) parameters T <SUB>eff</SUB> ∼ 5000 K and log g ∼ 2.5. From the α abundances alone, the thin and thick Galactic populations are apparent in our sample. Space motions for 90% of the program stars were computed from Hipparcos and Gaia parallaxes and proper motions. Correlations between chemical compositions and Galactic kinematics clearly indicate the existence of both thin-disk and thick-disk RHB stars. | 9 |
in construction of a peripheral - magnetization type magnetic encoder having a rotary spindle and a magnetic head , a resin housing is formed by insert moulding so as to embrace the spindle leaving a slight tubular clearance to allow free axial rotation of the spindle , thereby providing direct , simple and stable support to the rotary spindle for enhanced precision in direction . | 8 |
a false twisting machine which includes a frame having racks of thread supply spools on opposite sides with centrally disposed bobbin supporting take - up mechanisms therebetween defining corridors on opposite sides thereof with thread heaters and false twisting members disposed horizontally across the top of the machine , together with thread transport mechanisms for stretching the threads and for advancing the threads vertically upward from the thread supply spools on opposite sides of the machine across the top of the machine in a horizontal path with virtually no deviation therefrom through the heaters and false twisters and then downwardly onto the take - up bobbins for ultimate removal of the wound thread packages from the machine thereby providing a machine of greatly reduced height and capable of easy maintenance . | 3 |
the optical disc of the present invention includes a first translucent substrate having generally planar opposed top and bottom surfaces . the bottom surface is smooth and adapted to an optical beam for accessing data on the disc . the top surface of the first substrate has formed pits that represent data recorded on the disc . a reflective coating is formed on the top data surface of said first substrate to enable the top surface to reflect light back to an optical reader . a bonding agent is disposed over the reflective coating and a second substrate is bonded to the first substrate thought hot melt bonding . the second translucent substrate has a top surface incorporating a plurality of lenticules formed therein , and a bottom surface having an interlaced segmented lenticular image printed thereon . the method of the present invention provides that the top substrate incorporating lenticular imagery is hot melt bonded through use of a bonding agent to a bottom substrate bearing recorded data and a metalized layer for reflecting optical beams . | 6 |
the present invention enables users of a network service to register with the network as valued shoppers , thereby allowing them to receive specialized treatment when calling registered retailers . the present invention enables retailers to register with the network , thereby allowing them to set preferred service logic for handling valued customer calls by the network . | 7 |
a database distributed across multiple drives and media , rather than being centralized . fragments of the database are stored within the unused portion of disk space located after partition tables but before the beginning of a partition , thereby forming one or more hidden databases . the method and system disclosed is compatible with industry standard disk format definitions . | 6 |
the surface characteristics of an article or substrate produced from a polymeric material , particularly a thermoplastic material , are modified by exposure of the surface to a low temperature plasma gas composition , wherein the gas composition consists essentially of n 2 o and co 2 . after exposure , the modified surface has improved adhesive strength to another similarly treated surface using an adhesive composition and improved receptivity for paint and other coatings . | 8 |
a device for monitoring the travel of yarn - like structures at a textile machine comprises a cantilever member vibrating in a flexural mode when excited by a traveling yarn which is in contact with the upper or free end of said cantilever member . the lower end thereof is rigidly connected or integral with a rigid base member having the effect of a seismic mass when exposed to shock or vibration . moreover , soft elastic material is provided to prevent transfer of such shock or vibration from the textile machine to the cantilever member . a mechano - electrical transducer element , e . g ., a piezoelectric element , is comprised by or coupled with the cantilever member for generating an electrical yarn travel signal . a casing may be provided for protecting said cantilever member against ambient noise and other undesired actions acting from outside the casing . | 1 |
New feature bamfilter : reads from a BAM file get filtered into different files: - *InIn* : both reads of a pair are mapped to a contig in "include" - *InUn*: One read of pair maps to contig in "include", the other is unmapped - *UnUn*: both reads of a pair are unmapped if list of contigs to "include"/"exclude" is supplied, additional files get created: - *ExEx*: both reads of a pair are mapped to a contig in "exclude" - *ExIn* : One read of pair maps to contig in "include", the other maps to contig in "exclude" - *ExUn*: One read of pair maps to contig in "exclude", the other is unmapped | 9 |
composite biomaterials are described , which can be implanted in the human body in various branches of surgery or on the skin in dermocosmetic surgery , which can be formed as membranes or felts and which have properties of rate of absorption in the body and of hydrophilicity that can be modulated . | 2 |
an apparatus and method used to selectively etch materials from the edge and bevel areas of a silicon wafer are provided . in one configuration , a bevel etch spin chuck , for use in a device for removing unwanted material from an edge and bevel area of a wafer , includes a fluid channel , a separation barrier , and a gas channel that are substantially circular and concentric . a fluid , such as an etching solution , is provided to the fluid channel and contacts one or more areas at the edge and bevel area of the wafer . a stream of continuously flowing gas , such as nitrogen , is provided to the gas channel and purges an active side of the wafer . | 7 |
a modular infusion pump system utilizes a positive displacement pump for pumping a known quantity of fluid for each stroke . a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart fixed combs cooperate with a resilient tube to define a known pumping volume . a plurality of movable combs are interdigitated with the fixed combs and are periodically linearly directed to cause the pump volume to be compressed , and therefore the fluid expelled . a rotary to linear drive system is connected with the movable combs and a ratchet system prevents counterrotation when the motor is in the off position . valves are disposed above and below the pumping unit to appropriately seal off the pumping volume . the valves and the movable combs are operated by means of cams carried by a common shaft . | 5 |
a steroid ointment formulation which has enhanced physical and chemical stability is formed of 11β , 17α )- 17 -- 9α - fluoro - 11β - hydroxy - 17 - androsta - 1 , 4 - dien - 3 - one , and a vehicle containing as major ingredients propylene glycol and water , cetearyl alcohol and ceteareth 20 or other dispersing agent for propylene glycol , together with a sodium or potassium citrate and magnesium hydroxide buffer to impart a neutral or slightly alkaline apparent ph , a non - acidic long chain fatty acid wax to impart proper consistency to the ointment and sodium metabisulfite and butylated hydroxy toluene as antioxidants , together with thickeners , emollients , lubricants and other conventional ointment formulation ingredients . | 0 |
a compaction roller particularly useful for vibration compaction of the shoulder area of roadways . the compactor is designed as an attachment for side - mounting to self - propelled or motorized machinery . the compaction roller contains : a front section comprising a frame connected to a front cylindrical roller ; a rear section comprising a frame connected to a rear cylindrical roller ; a joining means pivotally connecting said front and rear sections ; and a means for attaching to a self - propelled machinery in a side - mounted fashion . the pivoting compactor allows for simultaneous pinching and compacting on two different planes and reduces the hazards of operating a road roller compactor directly on a sloped surface . | 4 |
an information recording and reading apparatus for a recording medium , such as a magnetic disc or optical disc , which operates under the control of a central controller . the information recorded in the medium is stored in a memory and checked for errors during a time period subsequent to the recording operation by reading the recorded data in a read - after - write process . a comparator compares the content of the memory and the read - after - write signal to determine whether an error has occurred . if an error is detected , the data is re - recorded in a different part of the recording medium . | 6 |
a shoe tap for tap dancing having first and second members pivotally connected by a pivot pin . the first member having a raised hemispherical protrusion with a first through - bore . the second member having a mating concave hemispherical recess coaxially disposed relative to a second through - bore . the pivot pin being of a diameter less than the first and second through - bore and extending therethrough and thereby not inhibiting the relative motion of the pivotally mounted second member to the first member affixed to the dancer &# 39 ; s shoe . | 0 |
high speed telecommunications systems are disclosed which use a novel line coding scheme for better performance . the line code according to the scheme be can used to produce a block code of arbitrary length . it bounds the minimum number of transitions in a block , and the dc balance of the code . the overhead required is 2 bits if framing is not included and 3 bits if it is . a lookup table is not required to implement the code , thus it remains efficient for longer block lengths . the algorithm required to encode and decode the data can be implemented in serial at the transmission rate or in parallel at the block rate . the coding scheme results in a significant reduction in hardware components of the communication system . | 7 |
the invention relates to a method of cleaning the surface of a material that is coated with an organic substance . the inventive method is characterized in that it comprises the following steps , consisting in : introducing the material into a treatment chamber , having a pressure of between 10 mbar and 1 bar therein , which is supplied with a gas stream containing at least 90 volume percent of oxygen ; and generating a plasma by passing an electric discharge between the surface of the material and a dielectric - covered electrode in order to break down the organic substance under the action of the free radicals o thus produces . the invention also relates to an installation that is used to carry out said method . | 7 |
a portable cryogenic cooling apparatus includes a platform ; a tank for storing a cryogen and mounted to the platform ; a heat exchanger operatively associated with the platform and in fluid communication with the cryogen ; at least one air circulation device operatively associated with the heat exchanger for moving atmosphere therethrough ; a first exhaust pipe in communication with the heat exchanger for removing gaseous cryogen from the heat exchanger to a location external to the atmosphere ; a power source mounted to the platform and connected to the at least one air circulation device for powering said device ; a control valve operatively associated with the tank and the heat exchanger to adjust an amount of the cryogen provided to the heat exchanger ; and a controller in communication with the heat exchanger and the control valve for generating a signal to the control valve for operation thereof . | 5 |
a pill crusher has a paper cup receptacle having an upwardly open , frusto - conical recess for receiving a paper cup , a plunger having a frusto - conical shape complimentary to that of the recess , the plunger being above and coaxial with the recess , an electric motor and a reciprocating drive transmission between the electric motor and the plunger for displacing the plunger into and out of the recess . the reciprocatory drive transmission comprises a worm and nut drive transmission for rotating the plunger while displacing the plunger into the receptacle . a drive control connected to the electric motor controls the motor so as to displace the plunger into and out of the recess . | 1 |
a method and navigation device for abbreviating names of cartographic markers . a navigation device has a processor , a display , an input , and a memory having cartographic data stored therein . the cartographic data includes names of geographical locations . using the input , an operator of the navigation device enters a waypoint by selecting a desired geographical location . the processor retrieves from memory the geographic name associated with the selected location , and when the geographic name exceeds a desired number of characters , processes the name to abbreviate it to fit within the desired number of spaces . the abbreviation process involves eliminating spaces , vowels , one consonant of a pair of double consonants , one vowel of a pair of double vowels , and / or one or more special characters as necessary , to reduce the geographic name to the desired number of characters . | 6 |
an atrial fibrillation classification system collects celectrocardiogram signals and converts them to a frequency , time , or phase domain representation for analysis . an evaluation stage extracts energy density profile over a range of frequencies , time intervals , or phases , which is then summed and normalized to form dispersion metrics . the system then analyzes the dispersion metrics , in their respective domains , to determine whether a patient is experiencing an arrhythmia and then to classify the type of arrhythmia being experienced . | 0 |
broadly , the present invention is directed to a high pressure / high temperature process for making polycrystalline cbn composite masses from graphitic boron nitride in the substantial absence of catalytically - active material . the present invention specifically comprises subjecting a mixture of different structural forms of gbn to simultaneous conversion of each for making a cbn / cbn composite mass . pyrolytic boron nitride / hexagonal boron nitride mixtures are ideally suited for conversion into the inventive cbn / cbn composite masses of the present invention . | 2 |
in one embodiment , there is provided a non - volatile magnetic memory cell . the non - volatile magnetic memory cell comprises a switchable magnetic element ; and a word line and a bit line to energize the switchable magnetic element ; wherein at least one of the word line and the bit line comprises a magnetic sidewall that is discontinuous . | 7 |
a diffuser assembly has pairs of split rings rotationally locked to each other in an alternating array with other pairs of split rings where adjacent pairs are responsive to pressure differential to be biased toward a sliding sleeve or the surrounding housing in an alternating pattern . the split rings are made to have an interference initial fit to the sleeve or housing and the splits on adjacent rings are offset while a relation of a projection to a depression between adjacent rings prevents relative rotation to keep the desired circumferential offset in the splits between adjacent rings . end tapers can bias adjacent pairs in opposed directions responsive to applied differential pressure . the rings are preferably metallic and can have a coating to facilitate relative sliding and enhance durability . | 4 |
n - glycosylated vegf - b proteins , nucleic molecule encoding these proteins , pharmaceutical compositions containing them and a method for increasing the amount of a soluble vegf - b protein . the vegf - b proteins are useful in stimulating and maintaining angiogenesis . | 0 |
the present invention provides a wet multi - plate clutch comprising a clutch case and hub disposed on a same axis , a first friction engagement element disposed in the clutch case , a second friction engagement element disposed on the hub , and a piston for applying an axial load to the first and second friction engagement elements , and wherein a recessed groove is formed in a surface of the piston opposing to the first and second friction engagement elements , and a wave spring is disposed within the recessed groove , and only a portion of the opposed surface at an outer diameter side or an inner diameter side of the recessed groove urges the respective friction engagement elements . | 5 |
hexahydropyrrolizines of the formula : ## str1 ## wherein a is a 3 - 7 carbon or hetero - containing ring , r 1 is a substituent , and x is 0 - 3 . also , pharmaceutical compositions for treating pain and methods for synthesis and use as well as novel intermediates in the synthesis . | 2 |
this invention is a log splitting device which is easily maneuvered over the log to be split whereupon the spiral , conical shaped splitting member bores into such log to split the same . reverse or back - out mechanisms are also provided should an extremely knurled or knotted piece of wood be encountered . to accomplish these ends , a frame for a motor and the splitting member is mounted on oversized tires and is counterbalanced to allow even a small woman or child to manuever the same into log splitting position . the logs are split while lying horizontally on the ground thereby eliminating the necessity of having to pick the same up prior to splitting as is common among the prior art splitting systems . | 1 |
conventional food treatment processes utilized for food preservation generally involve heat treatment and usually result in some degree of thermal damage . a process has been developed for the non - thermal treatment of liquid food products which results in a significant reduction in the microbial population , thus reducing spoilage and extending shelf life . the novel process involves the rapid application of electromagnetic energy , such as microwave or radio frequency energy , and the simultaneous removal of any thermal energy which may be generated by the process through the use of circulating cooling medium and an efficient heat exchanger . | 0 |
an optical disc apparatus comprising an optical servo loop and a velocity servo loop to control the velocity of a pickup to zero , wherein the two servo loops are selectively switched in accordance with the set mode of disc playing or the state of such playing . when a fast access is executed , the pickup is controlled by the velocity servo loop to avert undesired vibration in the travel of the pickup and also to protect the optical servo from any shock that may otherwise be caused by the travel and halt of the pickup . and in playing of any disc having a great amount of dropouts , the velocity servo loop is closed during the existence of such dropouts to keep the optical servo loop from the disturbance signal generated due to the dropout , thereby ensuring stable reproduction of signals from the disc . | 6 |
a method reclaims metalized polymer film or mixtures containing metal and / or metal alloys into a metal - containing , polymeric film . the resulting film structure has better oxygen and moisture barrier properties when metalized than plain metalized polymer films . the polymer to be reclaimed , originates in sheet form , and is densified , as by shredding , pelletizing and / or re - extruding into fine particulate form such as chips or pellets . the reclaimed polymeric film can be used , in a range of concentrations , to produce biaxially oriented polyester film for metalizing . | 8 |
the present disclosure relates to a system for provisioning homogeneous servers comprising an image repository coupled to a plurality of servers through an internet protocol networks wherein the image repository comprises a base virtual disk file . the system may further comprise a logical virtual disk file instance for each of the servers which created a least one change to the base virtual disk file . | 7 |
a device for sputtering a metallic material on a plate comprises a vacuum chamber provided with a linear conveyor carrying at least one plate , the plate surface to be processed being turned downward . at least two sputtering sources are disposed under the conveyor , perpendicularly to its moving direction . each source is associated with a collimator . the sputtering sources and their associated collimators are disposed to coat the whole width of the plate . | 7 |
a system and method for minimizing blocking in optical networks utilizes algorithms developed to reduce non - revenue generating oeo conversions as a result of blocking based on routing and wavelength and / or subband assignment . demands are prioritized on a basis of optical reach , and regenerators required for overcoming optical reach limitations are strategically placed to overcome blocking . | 7 |
a vehicular door mirror having a base part mounted to a vehicle body and a housing rotatably supported on the base part and incorporated with a mirror , in which a deflectable soft material having a high elasticity is used for forming the base part and housing in order to permit rotation or pivotal motion of the housing towards vehicle front side , this leading to an increased degree of freedom in door mirror design . | 8 |
a non - heat treated soft - nitrided steel part respective contents of c , si , mn , p , cr , ti , v , n , al , pb , s and ca of which are in specific ranges and which satisfies the following formulas to . this part can be produced in a process of hot working , machining and soft - nitriding without any prior heat treatment , and has superior properties such as high fatigue strength and wear resistance . fn1 =− 141 . 5 − 19 . 6 + 1280 + 95 . 6 ≦ 60 fn2 =− 103 . 8 + 59 . 1 + 850 . 4 + 360 . 9 ≧ 350 fn3 =− 13 . 4 − 3 . 45 + 112 . 7 + 13 . 2 ≧ 7 | 2 |
a question and answer board game is provided simulating the pocket billiards game known as snooker . the game board is designed to follow the appearance of a snooker table and game pieces are provided to represent the &# 34 ; red &# 34 ; and &# 34 ; colored &# 34 ; balls used in the pocket billiards game . the game pieces are manipulated in accordance with the answering of questions contained on cards , i . e . they are &# 34 ; pocketed &# 34 ; or removed from the game board if the answers are correct . following the hales of snooker , the point value of certain of the game pieces increases in ascending order depending upon the difficulty of the posed questions . thus , by playing the game of the invention , the game of snooker may be learned and enjoyed while additional knowledge may be imparted to the players . | 0 |
We search for an isotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background (GWB) in the 12.5 yr pulsar-timing data set collected by the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves. Our analysis finds strong evidence of a stochastic process, modeled as a power law, with common amplitude and spectral slope across pulsars. Under our fiducial model, the Bayesian posterior of the amplitude for an f<SUP>-2/3</SUP> power-law spectrum, expressed as the characteristic GW strain, has median 1.92 × 10<SUP>-15</SUP> and 5%-95% quantiles of 1.37-2.67 × 10<SUP>-15</SUP> at a reference frequency of ${f}_{\mathrm{yr}}=1\,{\mathrm{yr}}^{-1};$ the Bayes factor in favor of the common-spectrum process versus independent red-noise processes in each pulsar exceeds 10,000. However, we find no statistically significant evidence that this process has quadrupolar spatial correlations, which we would consider necessary to claim a GWB detection consistent with general relativity. We find that the process has neither monopolar nor dipolar correlations, which may arise from, for example, reference clock or solar system ephemeris systematics, respectively. The amplitude posterior has significant support above previously reported upper limits; we explain this in terms of the Bayesian priors assumed for intrinsic pulsar red noise. We examine potential implications for the supermassive black hole binary population under the hypothesis that the signal is indeed astrophysical in nature. | 9 |
the present invention relates to foods and / or . beverages containing l - carnitine derivatives that can be used to supplement l - carnitine deficiencies and / or preserve one or more properties of the foods and / or beverages . | 2 |
the steering wheel of an automobile is locked against unauthorized use by a pair of half housings that are secured together by a deadbolt which may be actuated by a remotely controlled electronic alarm and motor . | 8 |
an apparatus and method in which illumination light and collected emitted light share a pathway and subsequently are physically separated . the optical configuration is designed such that at the point of separation , the illumination light is at has a smaller cross sectional area than the collected light . collected light is directed away from the pathway of the illumination light and to detection optics . this configuration is adaptable to illumination and light collection across a broad wavelength spectrum . this configuration is adaptable to scanning in a limited depth of field to allow high throughput optical analysis of samples . | 6 |
a raw material with a high content of aluminum oxide has the following composition , in weight - percent , based on dry weight : al 2 o 3 50 – 80 % mgo 2 – 15 % sio2 1 – 15 % cao 0 . 5 – 20 % fe 2 o 3 0 . 5 – 2 % na 2 o 0 . 5 – 2 % al 0 . 1 – 2 % aln 0 . 1 – 1 % k 2 o 0 . 1 – 1 . 5 % f 0 . 1 – 2 % cl 0 . 1 – 0 . 8 % balance in total , not to exceed 5 % loss on ignition , not to exceed 15 % the main mineral constituents of the raw material are , in weight - percent aluminum hydroxide 20 – 60 % corundum α - al 2 o 3 10 – 40 % spinel mgal 2 o 4 5 – 40 % specifically , the aluminum hydroxide is present as aluminum mono - hydroxide al 2 o 3 . h 2 o and aluminum tri - hydroxide al 2 o 3 . 3h 2 o in a weight ratio exceeding 0 . 25 . | 8 |
Using the atmospheric structure from a 3D global radiation-hydrodynamic simulation of HD 189733b and the open-source Bayesian Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (BART) code, we investigate the difference between the secondary-eclipse temperature structure produced with a 3D simulation and the best-fit 1D retrieved model. Synthetic data are generated by integrating the 3D models over the Spitzer, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and the James Web Space Telescope (JWST) bandpasses, covering the wavelength range between 1 and 11 μm where most spectroscopically active species have pronounced features. Using the data from different observing instruments, we present detailed comparisons between the temperature-pressure profiles recovered by BART and those from the 3D simulations. We calculate several averages of the 3D thermal structure and explore which particular thermal profile matches the retrieved temperature structure. We implement two temperature parameterizations that are commonly used in retrieval to investigate different thermal profile shapes. To assess which part of the thermal structure is best constrained by the data, we generate contribution functions for our theoretical model and each of our retrieved models. Our conclusions are strongly affected by the spectral resolution of the instruments included, their wavelength coverage, and the number of data points combined. We also see some limitations in each of the temperature parametrizations, as they are not able to fully match the complex curvatures that are usually produced in hydrodynamic simulations. The results show that our 1D retrieval is recovering a temperature and pressure profile that most closely matches the arithmetic average of the 3D thermal structure. When we use a higher resolution, more data points, and a parametrized temperature profile that allows more flexibility in the middle part of the atmosphere, we find a better match between the retrieved temperature and pressure profile and the arithmetic average. The Spitzer and HST simulated observations sample deep parts of the planetary atmosphere and provide fewer constraints on the temperature and pressure profile, while the JWST observations sample the middle part of the atmosphere, providing a good match with the middle and most complex part of the arithmetic average of the 3D temperature structure. | 9 |
a control configuration for a combustion engine includes a control unit which has a function that determines a reference variable by taking into account an operating state information , an upper limit and a cumulative actual variable . the reference variable influences an operating state of the combustion engine such that a plurality of actual variables are adjusted so that , in an operating time period with a combination of arbitrary different operating states of the combustion engine that are set in a random order , cumulative actual variables do not exceed upper limits in this operating time period , wherein a target function is minimized by selecting the reference variable from pareto - optimal alternatives through use of an indifference curve . a combustion engine and a vehicle are also provided . | 5 |
the present invention provides a method for controlling a process by calculating a manipulated variable from a deviation between setpoint and control output variables and then using the manipulated variable , wherein the time - series data of the control output variable is subjected to a frequency analysis , the rate of change in the frequency response amplitude of the control output variable in relation to a control gain ratio is determined , and a control gain is adjusted according to the rate of change and the results of the frequency analysis . with this adaptive control method and apparatus for the method , it is possible to automatically set a control gain according to the condition of disturbance . as a result , optimum control can always be achieved and follow - up capability can be improved for such events as a setpoint change . | 6 |
according to an aspect of the invention , there is provided a photomask evaluation method including , acquiring a pattern image of a photomask , generating sidewall angle data on the sidewall angle of a pattern from the pattern image , extracting a pattern outline from the pattern image to generate outline data , and running a lithographic simulation on the basis of the outline data and the sidewall angle data to calculate an exposure margin . | 6 |
a dual - function electrical hand drill includes an electrical motor to which a driving shaft is coupled via a speed reduction gear train . a chuck is releasably secured to the driving shaft to be rotatable therewith . a setting ring is provided to change the rotation speed and thus the output torque by applying force to the speed reduction gear train via the compression of a helical spring . a serrated member , secured to the driving shaft , is provided to be movable between a disabled position and an enabled position in which enabled position , the serrated member engages a counterpart serration and is biased by a spring to allow the chuck and the bit secured thereto to move to and fro by the sliding between the serrations when the bit is reacted by a work piece . the movement of the serrated member between the enabled position and the disabled position is controlled by the setting ring so that the selection of both the output torques and the operation modes can be accomplished by a single setting member . | 1 |
ipynb notebook accompanying the article | 9 |
an atractylodes lancea extract feed additive and a preparation method thereof are provided . the atractylodes lancea extract feed additive takes an atractylodes lancea extract and a carrier as raw materials . the atractylodes lancea extract is prepared by the ultrasonic auxiliary water extraction . the preparation method of the present invention has less raw material waste , high activity component content in the extract and acquisition rate of the extractum , which facilitates improving the effect efficiency and reducing production cost . the atractylodes lancea extract feed additive as a natural plant feed additive is capable of reducing malaria incidence , restoring consciousness and relieving uneasiness , and diuretically swelling . | 0 |
a method of converting and storing energy in a repeatable cycle using a rechargeable electrolytic cell providing a thermal energy output during discharge , and which recharges electrically . the cell contains chemical reactants and reactant product . the reactant product is electrolyzed into the reactants by at least one electrode in operational communication with the reactant product . the electrode has a porous portion , and one of the reactants , the oxidizer , is conveyed through the porous portion of the electrode , without conveying the reactant product through it , into a hollow internal cavity in the electrode . the reactants are separated and stored in the cell . the stored reactants are controllably combined to produce the reactant product and the thermal energy output . the thermal energy is removed from the cell for useful purposes . | 2 |
an image and pulse analysis system and method including a datasieve comprising a succession of ordinal filtering means receiving at least a selected part of a signal conglomerate and filtering the at least a selected part of the signal conglomerate to produce a bandpass filter output , the ordinal filtering means having window lengths increasing from n up to m , whereby an input signal to each successive filtering means is formed from the output of the previous filtering means ; selection means for selecting a predetermined subset of bandpass filter outputs from outputs of the succession of filtering means ; and arithmetic means for adding together the signals of the subset to produce an output signal containing only wanted signals determined by the selection means ; data storage means for storing data relating to a sought - for - feature or object which may exist in a field from which data is derived for presenting to the datasieve ; comparison means for matching or comparing the stored data with the output signal of the datasieve ; and selection means to select from the input signal only data having a high degree of match to the data in the data storage means . | 7 |
In this paper, we argue and show numerically that the threshold to form primordial black holes from an initial spherically symmetric perturbation is, to an excellent approximation, universal, whenever given in terms of the compaction function averaged over a sphere of radius r<SUB>m</SUB>, where r<SUB>m</SUB> is the scale on which the compaction function is maximum. This can be understood as the requirement that, for a black hole to form, each shell of the averaged compaction function should have an amplitude exceeding the so-called Harada-Yoo-Kohri limit. For a radiation dominated universe we argued, supported by the numerical simulations, that this limit is δ<SUB>c</SUB>=0.40 , which is slightly below the one quoted in the literature. Additionally, we show that the profile dependence of the threshold for the compaction function is only sensitive to its curvature at the maximum. We use these results to provide an analytic formula for the threshold amplitude of the compaction function at its maximum in terms of the normalized compaction function curvature at r<SUB>m</SUB>. | 9 |
disclosed is a tamper resistant pin entry apparatus for input of a key and for encryption of a password in a cash transaction machine . the pin entry apparatus supplies the electric power to a memory of an electric circuit section , in such a manner that a first rod and a second rod of a rear case connect contacts of a key scan board , wherein the first rod is protruded on the rear of a key module including a button provided substantially on the front of the key module and the second rod of the rear case is coupled with the rear of the key module . at this time , in case that the rear case is removed from the key module or damaged , thereby changing the location of any one of the first and the second rods at the contact , the electric circuit section detects the event and destroys the memory itself physically . otherwise , the electric circuit section makes information stored in the memory physically or softwarely unreadable , thereby preventing the leakage of the information . | 7 |
This release contains data from the analysis described in the paper: Aprile, E. et al. (XENON collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 251801 (2019). This data release allows researchers to compute limits on their own dark matter models using the XENON1T S2-only data. Please cite our paper if you do so. For questions or comments, contact [email protected]. | 9 |
the present invention discloses a method by which a new bluetooth piconet is established amongst participants of an old bluetooth piconet whose master has disappeared . after determining that the master has disappeared , one of the slaves is selected to take the function of the master and reestablishes communications at the baseband layer by contacting each of the other participants . further , the present invention discloses a method and an associated device for realizing point - to - multipoint communications using a bluetooth piconet by using an application adaptation layer and a local addressing list . also , the present invention discloses a method by which point - to - multipoint communications by an application using a bluetooth piconet is reestablished amongst participants of an old bluetooth piconet whose master has disappeared . after reestablishing the piconet at the baseband layer , communications at higher layers of the bluetooth protocol stack are reestablished from the bottom up , that is , reestablishing communications at the lm layer precedes reestablishing communications at the l2cap layer . | 7 |
a connector for securing a guitar to a strap , having a body with an opening and an engagement member slidable within the body . the engagement member has an opening with two portions . the first portion is large enough to receive the anchor post and the second portion is narrow enough to prevent the anchor post from passing through it . the user slides the first portion into alignment with the opening in the body and inserts the anchor post . then , the user slides the engagement member so that the second portion impedes the release of the anchor post . the body may also have an opening for removal of the engagement member and / or an opening to facilitate sliding of the engagement member . also there is disclosed a flexible support with one or more connectors and a strap , and a system including connector , a strap and a guitar . | 8 |
a method for mechanically supporting a integrated circuit package having a column grid array interconnection with a printed circuit board is provided by inserting a supporting device between the ic package and the pcb after the ic package is solder attached to the pcb . the supporting device is removably and mechanically fastened to the pcb and is designed in such a shape so that the supporting device cannot come into contact with the solder columns of the cga to cause damage or shorting . this invention eliminates the maximum retention load constraint of the ic package and enables a wide variety of thermal solution implementations without comprising reliability . | 7 |
the components of aqueous ammonium fluoride solutions are recovered as ammonia and potassium fluoride by adding potassium hydroxide , distilling to remove and secure the ammonia , concentrating the remaining solution and combining it with a water soluble , dipolar , aprotic solvent , such as n - methylpyrrolidone , and distilling to remove the remaining water to obtain the potassium fluoride as a slurry in the solvent . slurries of potassium fluoride are useful in the replacement of chloride in heterocyclyl and aryl chlorides by fluoride . | 2 |
the invention relates to 2 , 4 - dibromoropyrrolotriazine , which is an intermediate useful in preparing 2 , 4 - disubstituted pyrrolotriazine compounds , and a process for preparing the intermediate . | 2 |
a system and method for encoding servo sector information in a nonvolatile data storage and retrieval system using rotating recording disks . servo sectors are angularly - spaced approximately radial regions reserved for position reference and tracking adjustment information . servo timing marks including means for detecting defects on the recording surface , encoded track address and sector address data , and position error signal blocks are permanently fabricated into a number of servo sectors . the present invention helps the storage system controller locate , certify , and follow any particular track and sector while maximizing the amount of disk surface area available for data storage and retrieval . | 6 |
the invention relates to a magnetic resonance method of electric properties tomography imaging of an object , the method comprising : applying an excitation rf field to the object via a coil at a first spatial coil position , acquiring resulting magnetic resonance signals via a receiving channel from the object , determining from the acquired magnetic resonance signals a first phase distribution and a first amplitude of a given magnetic field component of the excitation rf field of the coil at the first coil position , repeating these steps with a coil at a second different spatial coil position , to obtain a second phase distribution , determining a phase difference between the first and second phase distribution , determining a first and a second complex permittivity of the object , the first complex permittivity comprising the first amplitude of the given magnetic field component and the second complex permittivity comprising the second amplitude of the given magnetic field component and the phase difference , equating the first complex permittivity and the second complex permittivity for receiving a final equation and determining from the final equation a phase of the given magnetic field component for the first coil position . | 6 |
We examine flash spectroscopy of a circumstellar medium (CSM) ionized by the hard radiation pulse produced by the emerging shock of a supernova (SN). We first find that the rise and fall times of the H α emission constrains the location of the CSM with a peak at t_{peak} ∼eq R_* √{2/c v_s} for a star of radius R<SUB>*</SUB> and a shock velocity of v<SUB>s</SUB>. The dropping temperature of the transient emission naturally reproduces the evolution of lines with different ionization energies. Secondly, for red supergiants (RSGs), the shock break out radiatively accelerates the CSM to produce broad, early-time line wings independent of the Thomson optical depth of the CSM. Finally, the CSM recombination rates in binaries can be dominated by a dense, cool, wind collision interface like those seen in Wolf-Rayet binaries rather than the individual stellar winds. Combining these three results, the flash spectroscopy observations of the normal Type IIP iPTF13dqy (SN 2013fs) are naturally explained by an RSG with a normal, Thomson optically thin wind in a binary with a separation of {∼ } 10^4 R_⊙ without any need for a pre-SN eruption. Similarly, the broad line wings seen for the Type IIb iPTF13ast (SN 2013cu), whose progenitors are generally yellow supergiants in binaries, are likely due to radiative acceleration of the CSM rather than a pre-existing, Wolf-Rayet-like wind. | 9 |
disclosed are novel pharmaceutical compositions containing 3 ′--- 1 , 5 - dihydro - 3 - methyl - 5 - oxo - 4h - pyrazol - 4 - ylidene ] hydrazino ]- 2 ′- hydroxy -- 3 - carboxylic acid bis - and processes for preparing the same . | 0 |
Context. Frequency-dependent and hybrid approaches for the treatment of stellar irradiation are of primary importance in numerical simulations of massive star formation. <BR /> Aims: We seek to compare outflow and accretion mechanisms in star formation simulations. We investigate the accuracy of a hybrid radiative transfer method using the gray M1 closure relation for proto-stellar irradiation and gray flux-limited diffusion (FLD) for photons emitted everywhere else. <BR /> Methods: We have coupled the FLD module of the adaptive-mesh refinement code RAMSES with RAMSES-RT, which is based on the M1 closure relation and the reduced speed-of-light-approximation. Our hybrid (M1+FLD) method takes an average opacity at the stellar temperature for the M1 module, instead of the local environmental radiation field. Due to their construction, the opacities are consistent with the photon origin. We have tested this approach in radiative transfer tests of disks irradiated by a star for three levels of optical thickness and compared the temperature structure with the radiative transfer codes RADMC-3D and MCFOST. We applied it to a radiation-hydrodynamical simulation of massive star formation. <BR /> Results: Our tests validate our hybrid approach for determining the temperature structure of an irradiated disk in the optically-thin (2% maximal error) and moderately optically-thick (error smaller than 25%) regimes. The most optically-thick test shows the limitation of our hybrid approach with a maximal error of 65% in the disk mid-plane against 94% with the FLD method. The optically-thick setups highlight the ability of the hybrid method to partially capture the self-shielding in the disk while the FLD alone cannot. The radiative acceleration is ≈100 times greater with the hybrid method than with the FLD. The hybrid method consistently leads to about + 50% more extended and wider-angle radiative outflows in the massive star formation simulation. We obtain a 17.6 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> star at t ≃ 0.7τ<SUB>ff</SUB>, while the accretion phase is still ongoing, with a mean accretion rate of ≃7 × 10<SUP>-4</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>-1</SUP>. Finally, despite the use of refinement to resolve the radiative cavities, no Rayleigh-Taylor instability appears in our simulations, and we justify their absence by physical arguments based on the entropy gradient. | 9 |
improvements in a sling carrier for skis , snowboard and boots to be able to carry the skies and or snowboard across the back of the wearer is disclosed . the ability to sling the equipment over the back of a user allows the user to have full mobility walk . a user can tighten the sling to adjust the location of the equipment in their back . having the equipment supported on their back allows the user to walk in a more balanced stance and the user just needs to bend forward or backward to accommodate the load or the terrain . the carrier uses pockets for the equipment and for transportation of the carrier equipment . this also leave the hand of the user free while transporting equipment . the carrier uses buckles that allow the user to just “ squeeze ” elements together to release the straps . | 0 |
We simultaneously constrain cosmology and galaxy bias using measurements of galaxy abundances, galaxy clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing taken from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We use the conditional luminosity function (which describes the halo occupation statistics as a function of galaxy luminosity) combined with the halo model (which describes the non-linear matter field in terms of its halo building blocks) to describe the galaxy-dark matter connection. We explicitly account for residual redshift-space distortions in the projected galaxy-galaxy correlation functions, and marginalize over uncertainties in the scale dependence of the halo bias and the detailed structure of dark matter haloes. Under the assumption of a spatially flat, vanilla Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmology, we focus on constraining the matter density, Ω<SUB>m</SUB>, and the normalization of the matter power spectrum, σ<SUB>8</SUB>, and we adopt 7-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP7) priors for the spectral index, n, the Hubble parameter, h, and the baryon density, Ω<SUB>b</SUB>. We obtain that Ω<SUB>m</SUB> = 0.278<SUP>+ 0.023</SUP><SUB>- 0.026</SUB> and σ<SUB>8</SUB> = 0.763<SUP>+ 0.064</SUP><SUB>- 0.049</SUB> (95 per cent CL). These results are robust to uncertainties in the radial number density distribution of satellite galaxies, while allowing for non-Poisson satellite occupation distributions results in a slightly lower value for σ<SUB>8</SUB> (0.744<SUP>+ 0.056</SUP><SUB>- 0.047</SUB>). These constraints are in excellent agreement (at the 1σ level) with the cosmic microwave background constraints from WMAP. This demonstrates that the use of a realistic and accurate model for galaxy bias, down to the smallest non-linear scales currently observed in galaxy surveys, leads to results perfectly consistent with the vanilla ΛCDM cosmology. | 9 |
cellulose acetate or polyvinylpyrrolidone is electrospun into fibers having diameters of nanometer scale to form a first mat that is capable of absorbing hydrocarbons . a second mat may be formed from a solution of cellulose acetate or polyvinylpyrrolidone further containing tungsten trioxide . the solution is electrospun onto a copper mesh and then thermally oxidized to create a nanostructure comprising a grid or network of tungsten trioxide crystals and copper oxide crystals . the nanogrid is capable of photocatalyzing the degradation of hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water . the grid may be combined with the first mat to degrade hydrocarbons that the first mat absorbs . | 8 |
the present invention is a spine supporting system where a screw , with a head having an interior female thread , is attached to the spine . an interior bolt is temporarily held by the interior female threads of the outer cap , where the outer cap aligns the inner bolt with the interior female threads of the screw . the inner bolt attaches to the interior threads of the screw and the outer cap secures a support rod to the screw . the present invention allows the support rod to be secured to the screw in one step , using a single tool during an operation . | 0 |
Optical and infrared polarization mapping and recent Planck observations of the filametary cloud L1495 in Taurus show that the large-scale magnetic field is approximately perpendicular to the long axis of the cloud. We use the HAWC + polarimeter on SOFIA to probe the complex magnetic field in the B211 part of the cloud. Our results reveal a dispersion of polarization angles of 36°, about five times that measured on a larger scale by Planck. Applying the Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi (DCF) method with velocity information obtained from Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique 30 m C<SUP>18</SUP>O(1-0) observations, we find two distinct sub-regions with magnetic field strengths differing by more than a factor 3. The quieter sub-region is magnetically critical and sub-Alfv$\acute{\rm e}$nic; the field is comparable to the average field measured in molecular clumps based on Zeeman observations. The more chaotic, super-Alfv$\acute{\rm e}$nic sub-region shows at least three velocity components, indicating interaction among multiple substructures. Its field is much less than the average Zeeman field in molecular clumps, suggesting that the DCF value of the field there may be an underestimate. Numerical simulation of filamentary cloud formation shows that filamentary substructures can strongly perturb the magnetic field. DCF and true field values in the simulation are compared. Pre-stellar cores are observed in B211 and are seen in our simulation. The appendices give a derivation of the standard DCF method that allows for a dispersion in polarization angles that is not small, present an alternate derivation of the structure function version of the DCF method, and treat fragmentation of filaments. | 9 |
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