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a device for selectively disabling and enabling , while running , the combustion chamber valves of an internal combustion engine . the device is interposed in engine valve gear of the type employing a plurality of rockers mounted on a common shaft and acted upon by the cyclic application and relaxation of valve gear driving forces . each of the rockers is pivotally mounted on the shaft by fulcrum means movable transversely with respect to the shaft for changing the rocker pivot point . the fulcrum means is mounted by latchable means movable , when the valve driving forces are relaxed , between a first and second position to permit changing of the rocker pivot for effecting disablement and enablement of the valve gear for selected valves . actuator means selectively apply and hold a force on the latchable means and movement thereof occurs during the valve gear event upon relaxation of the driving forces . | 5 |
Analysis files/codes/chains for arXiv:2206.01056 (Looking out for the Galileon in the nHz GW sky) | 9 |
a heat generation type flow sensor of an enhanced output sensitivity which is destined for use , for example , as an air flow sensor employed in an engine control system of a motor vehicle . the heat generation type flow sensor includes a silicon substrate , a diaphragm disposed on the silicon substrate and having a cavity formed in a surface thereof , a flow rate detecting element provided on the diaphragm and including a heat generating resistor for outputting an electric signal indicative of a heating current flowing through the heat generating resistor , a supporting member for supporting the flow rate detecting element on the diaphragm in such a deposition that one surface of the diaphragm is exposed to a fluid for measurement while the fluid for measurement is difficult to flow into the cavity formed in the other surface of the diaphragm , and a control unit for performing such control that temperature of the heat generating resistor is sustained higher by a predetermined temperature than that of the fluid for measurement , wherein the heat generating resistor and the diaphragm are so dimensioned that ratio of a width of the heat generating resistor to that of the diaphragm is in a range from 0 . 4 to 0 . 6 inclusive and that ratio of a length in a longitudinal direction of the heat generating resistor to that of the diaphragm is in a range from 0 . 4 to 0 . 6 inclusive . | 6 |
a method for controlling an automated clutch , which comprises a hydraulic clutch actuating system having a hydrostatic actuator , the pressure of which is detected . the method includes using the pressure of the hydrostatic actuator to adapt the characteristic curve of the clutch . | 8 |
a treatment method for plate - shaped substrate capable of uniformly performing the treating operation , performing a large amount of treatment , and facilitating the automation of the work independently of the surface nature of the substrate such as base plates of si wafer for integrated circuit manufacturing use . the method is achieved by making it easier for the whole substrate surface to be wetted with the treatment liquid , through exposing the substrate to liquid or gas material which is soluble mutually with a treatment liquid prior to treatment with the treating liquid , to avoid treatment and thus uneven treatment to improve the yield . | 7 |
a multi - compartment beverage container is compatible with conventional beverage can manufacturing techniques and keeps contained liquids in discrete hermetically sealed compartments . the container is capable of opening several compartments simultaneously with a conventional flip tab , or by removal of screw - on caps . in the case of flip tab openings , a scored panel depressed by the flip tab opens multiple compartments . a supplementary drinking cap facilitates mixing within a mixing chamber defined by the cap removably attached to the lid after opening and during consumption . | 1 |
a circuit , method and system for generating a non - linear transfer characteristic , including a plurality of current mirror circuits in parallel , each current mirror circuit having an offset current applied to an output terminal of an output - side transistor of the current mirror circuit for controlling an output current thereof , wherein the offset current of each current mirror circuit is set to a respective predetermined level , and the transfer characteristic is generated by summing the respective output currents of the current mirror circuits in a piece - wise manner . | 6 |
a system for stacking a laundry treatment machine provided with a bottom panel of predetermined three - dimensional configuration onto a pedestal or the like provided with a support surface of a complementary three - dimensional configuration . the bottom panel is preferably made of sheet metal of a predetermined thickness or gauge , and the support surface is made of a sheet metal of lesser thickness or gauge . | 3 |
a pressure actuation enabling method includes plugging a passage that fluidically connects an inside with an outside of a tubular with a plug , building differential pressure across the plug , actuating an actuator with the differential pressure and removing the plug . | 4 |
a telescopic outrigger for use with fishing vessels . the outrigger of the instant invention has multiple tubes that are circular in shape and each include a means for securing to an adjoining tube and locking in a position relative thereto . the circular shape allowing for ease of sealing the connecting components from the elements . an internal locking mechanism for positive interlocking of adjoining tubes can be accessed externally for ease of servicing . the extension of the adjoining tubes by the locking mechanism allows for movement of the outrigger pole from a stowage position to a deployment position and vice versa . | 0 |
a system with its methods of detecting whether users are willing to access the biometric systems has been developed that includes acquiring the signal of an anatomical feature having a biometric feature , acquiring a dynamic feature for willingness test with / without biometric feature , isolating a region of the signal having the biometric feature , extracting feature descriptors from the region to identify a user , extracting a unique user consent signature from the dynamic feature for willingness test , storing the of feature descriptors and willingness signature into an electronic database and matching the feature descriptors and consent signatures with the ones stored in the electronic database during registration . two types of consent biometrics schemes with two authentication example designs are developed . | 6 |
a rotary vane compressor having features for reducing sound emitted from the compressor during operation . the sound reduction features include and relate to specific components of the compressor . specifically the features relate to the compressor motor ; a non - vented motor housing and back or closure ; the inlet ring ; the bearing system ; the rotor and vane positioning and vane weight or mass ; the mass of the body within which the rotor and vane rotate ; and a shroud which surrounds the body which is solid and non - vented solid and may be formed of a laminated material having a sound dampening core layer . | 5 |
a device for extracting a fish hook from a fish caught thereby comprises a tubular housing with a sliding plunger housed therein fastened to a clamping hook extending beyond the front end of the housing so that when a retractor handle and fixed handle are squeezed together the clamping hook is retracted into the housing whereby it engages any article extending laterally across the two receiving slots and clamps the article therein . the device grips the fish hook and locks it in the receiving slots so that rotation relative to longitudinal axis of the device is prevented while still allowing the hook to rotate within the receiving slots if it is desired . with the fish hook firmly grasped , the device allows the fish hook to be easily and safely manipulated in order to free it from the hooked fish . when a large fish hook or the like is held by the device , said device has the additional ability of serving as a gaff for safely handling dead or live fish . | 0 |
This release contains the Matlab R2017a code and synthetic datasets used to test how well different formulations of the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) are able to recover the geometry and internal pressure of an inflating subsurface magma reservoir, as well as the mechanical stresses acting on the reservoir wall, from geodetic (GNSS and InSAR) observations of ground deformation at the surface. The code allows for variations in 6 different aspects of the EnKF workflow, including (1) the ensemble size, (2) the EnKF update algorithm applies, (3) the number of times each set of observations is assimilated, (4) the formulation of the model parameters, (5) the distribution used to generate the initial Monte Carlo ensemble, and (6) the method for inflating parameters when the ensemble becomes too narrow. | 9 |
nanomechanisms are employed in nanomemory elements which , in turn , are employable in nanoscale memory devices . a nanoscale particle is enclosed within a nonocapsule to create a bistable device which is both readable and writable in a variety of ways . a nonamechanism for use in a nanoscale memory element includes a first element in the form of a nanoassembly having a cavity and second element in the form of a nanostructure which is removeably disposed within the cavity . in one embodiment , the nanoassembly is demonstrated as a c 480 capsule and the nanostructure is demonstrated as a charged hd 60 fullerene molecule . the nanoscale memory devices combine high switching speed , high packing density and stability with non0volatility of the stored data . | 8 |
a concealed object detection system for detecting objects concealed on a person includes radar transponders that are each configured and positioned to direct a radar signal at a person and to detect a portion of the radar signal reflected by the person . a processor connected to the radar transponders processes the portions of the radar signals detected by the radar transponders to determine whether the person is carrying a concealed object . the system may produce a real - time alert , such as an audible alert , when a concealed object is detected . | 7 |
the present invention relates to a process and a device for analyzing the movement of the eye or eyes of a patient , i . e . of a human being or animal . a device comprising a first video camera , a second video camera , which first and second cameras are mounted on a spectacle frame and are rigidly connected together and form part of a removable module ; said dirst and second cameras have points of sight of their respective scenes which are close . the technical domain of the invention is that of the manufacture of devices for measuring the movement of the eyes . | 0 |
To study the role of environment in galaxy evolution, we reconstruct the underlying density field of galaxies based on COSMOS2020 (The Farmer catalog) and provide the density catalog for a magnitude-limited (K <SUB> s </SUB> < 24.5) sample of ∼210,000 galaxies at 0.4 < z < 5 within the COSMOS field. The environmental densities are calculated using a weighted kernel density estimation approach with the choice of a von Mises–Fisher kernel, an analog of the Gaussian kernel for periodic data. Additionally, we make corrections for the edge effect and masked regions in the field. We utilize physical properties extracted by LePhare to investigate the connection between star formation activity and the environmental density of galaxies in six mass-complete subsamples at different cosmic epochs within 0.4 < z < 4. Our findings confirm a strong anticorrelation between star formation rate (SFR)/specific SFR (sSFR) and environmental density out to z ∼ 1.1. At 1.1 < z < 2, there is no significant correlation between SFR/sSFR and density. At 2 < z < 4, we observe a reversal of the SFR/sSFR–density relation such that both SFR and sSFR increase by a factor of ∼10 with increasing density contrast, δ, from ‑0.4 to 5. This observed reversal at higher redshifts supports the scenario where an increased availability of gas supply, along with tidal interactions and a generally higher star formation efficiency in dense environments, could potentially enhance star formation activity in galaxies located in rich environments at z > 2. | 9 |
there is presented a semiconductor device including multiple levels of copper interconnects ; wherein the surface of a copper interconnect corresponding to at least one underlying layer of another copper interconnect layer is turned into copper oxide to a thickness of 30 nm or more by oxidation conducted at the oxidation rate of 20 nm / min or less , and thereby the reflection of the exposure light from the lower - level copper interconnect is prevented , in forming by means of photolithography a trench to form a copper interconnect through damascening . | 7 |
the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for trimming a reference voltage . the method may include at least one steep of performing an erase operation of a flash memory resistor ; performing a program operation of the flash memory resistor ; performing a current read operation of the flash memory resistor ; confirming the threshold voltage of the flash memory resistor by measuring the current flowing into a drain of the flash memory resistor ; determining whether the threshold voltage of the flash memory resistor satisfies a reference voltage ; and then completing the trimming operation if the threshold voltage of the flash memory resistor satisfies the reference voltage . | 6 |
for achieving smooth facilities of services within a home network system where service applications of a plural number of service undertakes are mixed with , management is made upon a use memory volume for an application and an accessing authority to equipments within a home by means of a home gateway , and thereby achieving a home network for preventing an unexpected application from communicating with an unexpected equipment within a home , but without obstructing mutual services by the plural number of service undertakers , with setting up an upper limit of memory volume when starting up the application and the accessing authority from the application to the equipment within the home . | 7 |
an apparatus and method for dynamically configuring a pcmcia compatible card permits new or modified configuration parameters to be loaded into an fpga on the card . in accordance with the invention , the pcmcia card is initially configured to operate as a memory device . while in this mode , an fpga on the card is loaded from a host computer using memory write commands through the pcmcia interface . thereafter , the card is reconfigured to operate as an i / o device using the fpga code newly loaded on the card . the invention permits new pcmcia card designs to be quickly changed and tested by downloading code into the fpga and operating the card as an i / o device . the nonvolatile nature of an fpga permits the card to retain its new or modified functions even after it has been powered down . moreover , the invention permits code changes to be made dynamically without powering down the computer . | 6 |
1st version of chimera observatory control system. This is result of efforts of development of a fully Python OCS in the past 9 years. | 9 |
a system for releasing a contained volume of gas . the system has a base with a pressure - release vent positioned within a flex region and a seal to disengagably seal the pressure - release vent . the seal has a gas vent path that extends from the pressure - release vent . the contained volume of gas passes through the gas vent path to apply force against the flex region and disengage the seal from the pressure - release vent , allowing the gas to exit through the pressure - release vent . | 0 |
a high - performance block - matching vlsi architecture with low memory bandwidth for power - efficient multimedia devices is disclosed . the architecture uses several current blocks with the same spatial address in different current frames to search the best matched blocks in the search window of the reference frame based on the best matching algorithm to implement the process of motion estimation in video coding . the scheme of the architecture using several current blocks for one search window greatly increases data reuse , accelerates the process of motion estimation , and reduces the data bandwidth and the power consumption . | 7 |
drawout switchgear characterized by a circuit interrupter unit movable into and out of a cell between disconnected and connected positions of separable terminals supported in the cell and on said unit , a levering - on mechanism for moving said unit between disconnected and connected positions of the terminals , the levering - in mechanism comprising a pair of cams on a cam shaft which shaft comprises telescoping shaft segments to facilitate assembly of the operating mechanism . | 7 |
pouring edges in the form of projecting material strips are used on packing containers for e . g . liquid foodstuffs . the pouring edge is generally covered by a tear - off cover strip 6 which also serves as a closure for a pouring opening 7 . in order to prevent the pouring edge strip 8 from being torn off or deformed at the removal of the cover strip 6 , the same is given a z - folded form and is joined to the outside of the packing container in two sealing areas situated at a distance from each other , the doubled area located in between projecting from the packing container and guiding the out - flowing liquid . | 1 |
a gas separation and detection tool for performing in situ analysis of borehole fluid is described . the tool comprises a sampling chamber for a downhole fluid . the sample chamber comprises a detector cell with an opening . the tool also comprises a gas separation module for taking a gas from the downhole fluid . the gas separation module comprises a membrane located in the opening , a support for holding the membrane , and a sealant applied between the housing and the membrane or support . moreover , the tool comprises a gas detector for sensing the gas . | 6 |
a battery and a method for its operation are described . the battery comprises a caustic - based metal , e . g . aluminum , battery with a cathode adapted to reduce oxygen and a metal anode positioned in spaced juxtaposed relation to the cathode to define therewith an anode - cathode gap for receiving electrolyte to form an anode - cathode pair electrically coupled by electrolyte . the battery contains an alkaline electrolyte and seed particles adapted to decrease passivation of the anode during discharge of the battery . the seed particles are α - alumina of very fine particle size distribution obtained by calcination of high - purity alum . | 7 |
in order to determine the fatigue limit of elastic materials , especially rubber , under completely reversed stress by applying a load which alternates between zero and a maximum value and in order to determine the number of load alternations which leads to the breaking of the material , a plurality of strip - shaped rubber samples are clamped between two stationary clamping beams and a rocker . the rocker is approximately parallel to the beams and is moved at one end thereof by means of a crank mechanism . the rubber samples are each positioned parallel to one another in at least one row and are alternately stretched and relaxed to a different extent , depending on their spacing from the fulcrum of the rocker . | 6 |
the present disclosure provides a draft beverage tap handle . the handle includes a body portion and a handle portion . the body portion includes a battery , a light source , a microprocessor , a motion sensor , and a timer . the microprocessor controls electrical current supplied to the light source from the battery . the motion sensor detects when the beverage tap handle has been moved to dispense a beverage . the timer causes electrical current to be interrupted to the light source from the battery when a predetermined period of time has expired . the handle portion is made from a translucent material having an internal cavity for accepting the body portion . | 1 |
a system and method of determining lift deflection during construction of aggregate columns allows for real time monitoring of construction to ensure meeting defined parameters . the amount of deflection of a tamper head during tamping is determined multiple times for each lift . when the amount of deflection matches a predetermined value , tamping is stopped . | 4 |
a method of game play comprising forming crossword grids out of gaming pieces which depict one or more letters of the alphabet . the gaming pieces are dimensioned , configured , and constructed such that the game may be played in a variety of settings , including , for example , swimming pools , lawns , beaches , parks , gymnasiums , classrooms , throughout a house , campgrounds , and the like . | 0 |
Molecular clouds are supported by turbulence and magnetic fields, but quantifying their influence on cloud life cycle and star formation efficiency (SFE) remains an open question. We perform radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations of star-forming giant molecular clouds (GMCs) with UV radiation feedback, in which the propagation of UV radiation via ray tracing is coupled to hydrogen photochemistry. We consider 10 GMC models that vary in either initial virial parameter (1 ≤ α<SUB>vir,0</SUB> ≤ 5) or dimensionless mass-to-magnetic flux ratio (0.5 ≤ μ<SUB>Φ,0</SUB> ≤ 8 and ∞ ); the initial mass 10<SUP>5</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> and radius 20 pc are fixed. Each model is run with five different initial turbulence realizations. In most models, the duration of star formation and the timescale for molecular gas removal (primarily by photoevaporation) are 4-8 Myr. Both the final SFE (ɛ<SUB>*</SUB>) and time-averaged SFE per freefall time (ɛ<SUB>ff</SUB>) are reduced by strong turbulence and magnetic fields. The median ɛ<SUB>*</SUB> ranges between 2.1% and 9.5%. The median ɛ<SUB>ff</SUB> ranges between 1.0% and 8.0%, and anticorrelates with α<SUB>vir,0</SUB>, in qualitative agreement with previous analytic theory and simulations. However, the time-dependent α<SUB>vir</SUB>(t) and ɛ<SUB>ff,obs</SUB>(t) based on instantaneous gas properties and cluster luminosity are positively correlated due to rapid evolution, making observational validation of star formation theory difficult. Our median ɛ<SUB>ff,obs</SUB>(t) ≈ 2% is similar to observed values. We show that the traditional virial parameter estimates the true gravitational boundedness within a factor of 2 on average, but neglect of magnetic support and velocity anisotropy can sometimes produce large departures from traditional virial parameter estimates. Magnetically subcritical GMCs are unlikely to represent sites of massive star formation given their unrealistic columnar outflows, prolonged lifetime, and low escape fraction of radiation. | 9 |
in a printer , page thickness is compensated for by measuring a displacement between a printhead and a print media support surface . a sensor flag engages a surface of said print media and provides an indication to an optical sensor of the displacement . the print media support surface may be a platen having a non - constant radius such that rotation of the platen adjusts the displacement between a contact surface of the platen and a the printhead . | 1 |
a method and apparatus for improving the playback quality of audio / video streams encoded for transmission using low frame rate motion compensated coding . when a transmitting system sends an audio / video stream encoded using low frame rate motion compensated waveform , a receiving system may decode and then re - encode the stream to perform a more exhaustive search for new motion vectors that were not detected by the transmitting system . the method and system further provides improved motion compensated interpolation processes that the receiving system may use in conjunction with , or separately from re - encoding of an audio / video stream to produce a better quality playback of the stream . the method and system is particularly useful for video conferencing sessions transmitted at low rates using h . 263 standard , but may be useful in other scenarios as well . | 7 |
an error detection and correction system is disclosed for efficiently processing a product code typically employed in an optical storage device . in particular , the present invention decreases the processing time associated with iteratively processing the rows and columns of the product code by processing only those code words that were &# 34 ; flagged &# 34 ; during a previous iteration . if , for example , while processing the column code words a byte in a column code word is corrected , then the corresponding intersecting row code word is flagged for processing during the &# 34 ; row pass .&# 34 ; only the row code words that have been flagged are processed during the &# 34 ; row pass &# 34 ;, which significantly reduces buffer access latency and increases the overall throughput of the storage system . to assist in error detection and correction , an array of erasure pointers is employed where each erasure pointer corresponds to a byte in a code word . if there are no initial pointers set for a code word and the code word is uncorrectable or the possibility of a miscorrection is high , then all of the pointers for that code word are set and all of the intersecting code words are flagged for processing during the next pass . if a code word is error - free or correctable , then its pointers are cleared and the intersecting code words corresponding to the cleared erasure pointers are flagged for processing during the next pass . eventually , enough pointers in a previously uncorrectable code word may be cleared such that the code word becomes correctable . | 7 |
two adjustable - stroke pumps are driven off a common drive shaft and supply fluid to respective consumers via respective control valves settable by the user of the system . each pump is provided with its own pressure regulator operative for regulating the output pressure of the respective pump by automatically adjusting the setting of the stroke - adjustment member of the pump . transducers generate first signals indicative of the settings of the stroke adjustment members and second signals indicative of the settings of the control valves . a control arrangement maintains the settings of the volume - adjustment members in correspondence with the settings of the control valves by automatically altering the operation of the pressure regulators in response to discrepancies between the settings indicated by the first and second signals . an anti - overload arrangement responds to overloading of the common drive machine for the pumps by altering the operation of the regulators in a way decreasing the stroke of one or both pumps . however , even during the anti - overload stroke decrease , the relative settings of the plurality of stroke - adjustment members are maintained in correspondence with the relative settings of the plurality of control valves . | 5 |
Conversion of coarsegrain to atomistic (complete rewrite of the original CG2AT) | 9 |
the reactivity of polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanates containing 20 to 90 percent of methylenebis is improved , and stabilized against a decline on storage , by incorporating therein very small amounts of a compound of the formula ## str1 ## wherein r 1 = alkyl , aryl ; r 2 = alkyl ; r 3 = h , alkyl or aralkyl ; and r 1 and r 2 taken together represent the residue of an oxazoline or oxazine . 2 - ethyloxazoline is the preferred compound for incorporation in the polyisocyanate . | 2 |
a printhead ic comprising : an array of nozzles ; and , drive circuitry for sending an drive pulse to each of the nozzles individually such that they eject a drop of printing fluid ; and , a temperature sensor for sensing the temperature of printing fluid within the array ; wherein , the drive circuitry blocks the drive pulses sent to at least some of the nozzles in the array when the sensor indicates the temperature exceeds a predetermined maximum . | 1 |
We perform a data-constrained simulation with the zero-β assumption to study the mechanisms of strong rotation and failed eruption of a filament in active region 11474 on 2012 May 5 observed by Solar Dynamics Observatory and Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory. The initial magnetic field is provided by nonlinear force-free field extrapolation, which is reconstructed by the regularized Biot-Savart laws and magnetofrictional method. Our simulation reproduces most observational features very well, e.g., the filament large-angle rotation of about 130°, the confined eruption, and the flare ribbons, allowing us to analyze the underlying physical processes behind observations. We discover two flux ropes in the sigmoid system, an upper flux rope (MFR1) and a lower flux rope (MFR2), which correspond to the filament and hot channel in observations, respectively. Both flux ropes undergo confined eruptions. MFR2 grows by tether-cutting reconnection during the eruption. The rotation of MFR1 is related to the shear-field component along the axis. The toroidal field tension force and the nonaxisymmetry forces confine the eruption of MFR1. We also suggest that the mutual interaction between MFR1 and MFR2 contributes to the large-angle rotation and the eruption failure. In addition, we calculate the temporal evolution of the twist and writhe of MFR1, which is a hint of probable reversal rotation. | 9 |
This release contains the first version of kepler-apertures. It has the functionality to create PRF shapes from Kepler's FFIs and used them to perform aperture masks and compute flux metrics on Kepler's EXBA masks. This version is matched to our first paper release. | 9 |
the invention proposes a subpixel scroll method , which optically shifts the position of the mirror elements to the projection axis by one subpixel size each , with an additional 45 ° mirror between dmd and projection optics . the 45 ° mirror is shifted by ¼ mirror element width by means of a controllable actuator . the size of this change of position and the time are synchronized in such a way by the position indicator signals of the scan sled that the mirror element seems to stand relative to the substrate surface element . this resetting is however not bound to the dmd - switching speed of 10 khz . among other advantages , the invention reduces the blur at the edge transition by the higher resolution and facilitates a higher scan velocity , whereby the scan velocity depends on the dynamics of the actuator , the effective uv - power of the uv - source and the sensitivity of the photosensitive polymer . | 6 |
a prefabricated , transportable , ada compliant , temporary addition , providing ada accessible bathing , hygiene , and optional laundry facilities to the disabled occupants , eliminating the need to negotiate stairs to access a second floor bath or basement laundry . the addition is designed to be transported , lifted , connected and disconnected multiple times . the addition contains a walk - in shower with grab bars , ada sink and sink base , tilt mirror , raised toilet with grab bars , egress door , light , heating unit , and exhaust fan . the addition is supported on a foundation of piers and attached to a ground floor room of an existing home by way of a connecting collar , minimizing the surface area connection to the house . the addition is pre - plumbed and wired with plumbing and electrical access points at the base of the addition that are connected to the existing home &# 39 ; s utilities through a hole into the basement . | 4 |
a multivalued subtractor for processing a multiplication of a first data and a second data , which are one of binary logic and multivalued logic , includes a first and second input circuit . the first input circuit includes parallel inputs for binary logic and multivalued logic , and receives the first data . the first input circuit also outputs a first set of bit data representing the first data . similarly , the second input circuit includes parallel inputs for binary logic and multivalued logic , and receives the second data . the second input circuit also outputs a second set of bit data representing the second data . a subtracting circuit , connected to the first and said second input circuits , subtract the second set of bit data from the first set of bit data . a output circuit , connected to the subtracting circuit , converts the output of the subtracting circuit into data in binary logic and multivalued logic , in parallel , and outputs converted data in binary logic and multivalued logic , in parallel . | 6 |
a desired fifo buffer fill level is continuously derived during mapping or demapping of plesiosynchronous data signals into synchronized data signals , or vice - versa . one of j predefined integer values i i is repetitively consecutively produced during each consecutive one of j fifo buffer write clock cycles , where i = 1 , . . . , j and where j and the integer values i i are selected such that ∑ i = 1 j i i j closely approximates the number of bits read from the fifo buffer per fifo buffer write clock cycle . during each k th consecutive fifo buffer write clock cycle , a bits_read value i k + i k - 1 is produced where k = 1 , . . . , p ; a bits_written value is produced ; a gap_pattern value is derived by subtracting the bits_read value from the bits_written value ; and , the gap_pattern is added to a predefined value representative a fifo buffer center fill level to produce the desired fifo buffer fill level . | 7 |
a method for fire and smoke prevention , suppression or extinction using a composition having sodium polyacrylate and distilled water , wherein the ratio of sodium polyacrylate to distilled water is about 1 to 200 , having the step of placing the composition in the path of the fire or smoke . | 0 |
closure panel having high heat insulative capacity . there has been designed for a building opening a closure having a higher heat insulative capacity than has previously been available . there are provided inner and outer panels of high structural strength , such as steel , with means providing for the physical connection with thermal separation thereof . the space between said panels is filled with a foam material , foamed in place , which further provides for the mechanical connection but thermal separation of said inner and outer panels . | 4 |
the invention discloses a method by which a fluid heat reactive resin system is formulated below the melting point of the resin . this permits the application of coatings and the formation of shapes and powders from the fluid heat reactive system . liquefied gases are used to solvate resins so that curing agents , hardeners , pigments and flow control agents , and especially curing agents which are too reactive to be mixed with the resins above the melting point of the resins may be dispersed in the resins . after dispersion , the fluid heat reactive resin system remains in a deformable state under ambient conditions for a transient processing time . the transient processing time is established and maintained by the inclusion of plasticizers and high boiling solvents in the heat reactive resin system . | 8 |
a method of inspecting a glazing for faults involves illuminating the glazing with light having a first wavelength to produce a bright - field image , and illuminating the glazing with light having a second wavelength to produce a dark - field image . the bright - field image and dark - field image are captured using a single image capture device . the bright - field and dark - field images may be focussed onto the image capture device by a common lens . in addition , a shadowgraph image may be recorded simultaneously . the inspection method provides an improved fault detection system for glazings , such as automotive glazings . | 6 |
a large pore ceramic membrane is used to separate asphaltenes from heavy crude oil . permeate is recycled to the feed for an initial period , during which the pores are deliberately fouled to reduce pore size . this reduction eventually levels off , at which point recycling is terminated and ultrafiltration is continued thereafter at good flux rates with effective asphaltenes removal . | 1 |
a system and method of knowledge assessment comprises displaying to a learner a plurality of multiple - choice questions and two - dimensional answers , accessing a database of learning materials , and transmitting to the learner the plurality of multiple - choice questions and two - dimensional answers . the answers includes plurality of full - confidence answers consisting of single - choice answers , a plurality of partial - confidence answers consisting of one or more sets of multiple single - choice answers , and an unsure answer . the method further comprises scoring a confidence - based assessment administered to the learner by assigning various knowledge state designations based on the learner &# 39 ; s responses to the two - dimensional questions . | 6 |
predictive maintenance systems and methods are described . a method includes measuring environmental conditions using a plurality of sensors within the ied , processing the environmental measurements to determine long - term exposure factors representing historical operating conditions of the ied , applying a reliability model to the long - term exposure factors , determining a numerical measure of ied life based on the long - term exposure factors and the reliability model , comparing the numerical measure of ied life to preselected boundary values , and signaling if the numerical measure of ied life is outside of the preselected boundary values . | 8 |
a light emitting device and a method of fabricating the same is provided . the device includes an led chip having a first main surface , a second main surface opposing the first main surface , and one or more side surfaces extending between the first and second main surfaces . a reflective side layer surrounds the one or more side surfaces of the led chip . the reflective side layer has a first main surface and a second main surface opposing the first main surface extending in a first direction , and an opening extending between the first and second main surfaces in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction . the opening surrounds the chip . a phosphor film overlies the first main surface of the chip and the first main surface of the reflective side layer . at least one electrode is disposed on the second main surface of the chip . | 7 |
a device for braking a vehicle includes a first brake pad and a first back plate coupled to the first brake pad and comprising a first plurality of ridges provided on a first face of the first brake plate . the device and corresponding method provide an improved manner for cooling existing brake systems . | 5 |
this invention relates to a mold carriage for carrying thereon a mold for bending a glass sheet , or a stack of glass sheets to be laminated , placed thereon into a curved shape by heating in a furnace . to locally intensely heat the glass sheet in a selected area to be bent sharply relative to the major area , the mold carriage is installed with a heater to heat a selected area of the glass sheet from underneath , a holder to hold the heater and adjust the position of the heater , and a heater support to support thereon an external heater which is suspended from a separate member disposed in the furnace to heat the afore - mentioned area of the glass sheet from above . the heater support also can adjust the position of the external heater . | 8 |
We use the sample of 198 Milky Way (MW) and Andromeda (M31) analogues from TNG50 to quantify the level of disc flaring predicted by a modern, high-resolution cosmological hydrodynamical simulation. Disc flaring refers to the increase of vertical stellar disc height with galactocentric distance. The TNG50 galaxies are selected to have stellar discy morphology, a stellar mass in the range of M<SUB>*</SUB> = 10<SUP>10.5-11.2</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>, and an MW-like Mpc-scale environment at z = 0. The stellar discs of such TNG50 MW/M31 analogues exhibit a wide diversity of structural properties, including a number of galaxies with disc scale length and thin and thick disc scale heights that are comparable to those measured or inferred for the Galaxy and Andromeda. With one set of physical ingredients, TNG50 returns a large variety of flaring flavours and amounts, also for mono-age stellar populations. With this paper, we hence propose a non-parametric characterization of flaring. The typical MW/M31 analogues exhibit disc scale heights that are 1.5-2 times larger in the outer than in the inner regions of the disc for both old and young stellar populations, but with a large galaxy-to-galaxy variation. Which stellar population flares more, and by how much, also varies from galaxy to galaxy. TNG50 de facto brackets existing observational constraints for the Galaxy and all previous numerical findings. A link between the amount of flaring and the z = 0 global galaxy structural properties or merger history is complex. However, a connection between the scale heights and the local stellar vertical kinematics and gravitational potential is clearly in place. | 9 |
a cascaded die mounting device and method using spring contacts for die attachment , with or without metallic bonds between the contacts and the dies , is disclosed . one embodiment is for the direct refrigerant cooling of an inverter / converter carrying higher power levels than most of the low power circuits previously taught , and does not require using a heat sink . | 7 |
We report the discovery of an eclipsing binary millisecond pulsar in the globular cluster M92 (NGC 6341) with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). PSR J1717+4308A, or M92A, has a pulse frequency of 316.5 Hz (3.16 ms) and a dispersion measure of 35.45 pc cm<SUP>-3</SUP>. The pulsar is a member of a binary system with an orbital period of 0.20 days around a low-mass companion that has a median mass of ∼0.18 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>. From observations so far, at least two eclipsing events have been observed in each orbit. The longer one lasted for ∼5000 s in the orbital phase range 0.1-0.5. The other lasted for ∼500 s and occurred between 1000 and 2000 s before or after the longer eclipsing event. The lengths of these two eclipsing events also change. These properties suggest that J1717+4308A is a "red-back" system with a low-mass main-sequence or sub-giant companion. Timing observations of the pulsar and further searches of the data for additional pulsars are ongoing. | 9 |
a guide arrangement for a conveyor track includes a guide bar portion arranged along at least a part of each side edge of a plate device forming the center part of the conveyor track , each guide bar portion being of an inverted generally l - shaped configuration for engaging over a corresponding edge portion of an article such as a freight container to be conveyed therealong . a plurality of rollers are provided in respective openings in the plate device adjacent the guide bar portions , to support the article above the plate device . each roller has an enlarged portion at its outward end for guiding the edge of the article to be conveyed , thereby to hold it at a spacing from the respectively associated guide bar portion . | 1 |
the present invention relates , generally , to methods of providing long - term minimization of wrinkles or folds in the skin by injecting a bolus of hyaluronic acid deep into the skin . the methods of the present invention are particularly beneficial for improving the contours of the cheeks , filling folds under the eyes , and providing the visual effect of a chin implant , without requiring the use of surgical procedures . | 0 |
a zoom lens system is provided including a flat cam for driving the zoom lens mechanism . in one particular embodiment , the same flat cam used by the zoom lens system is used to correlate the effective focal length of the zoom lens to the viewfinder . additional particular embodiments of a viewfinder adjustment mechanism are provided wherein the viewfinder adjustment mechanism includes a diopter adjustment mechanism to adjust the ocular lens of the viewfinder to compensate for imperfections in the user &# 39 ; s sight . | 6 |
a method and system for vending products from a defined area , such as a micro - warehouse with a door . the method includes fitting each product with a radio frequency identification tag , positioning the plurality of products in a micro - warehouse , sensing opening and closing of the micro - warehouse door , scanning the plurality of products in the micro - warehouse upon sensing closing of the door to determine the number and type of products in the micro - warehouse , generating a message based on the number and type of products in the micro - warehouse , transmitting the message to a remote processor or server , and maintaining an inventory in the remote processor based on the message . the system is designed to be accessed by authorized individuals possessing some type of code or identifying mechanism . the micro - warehouses may be cabinets , refrigerators , secured rooms , or similar storage units or areas . | 6 |
the invention provides compounds represented by the formula i , each of which compounds may have sphingosine - 1 - phosphate receptor agonist and or antagonist biological activity : and wherein the variables y , r 4 , n , o , a , a 1 , a 2 , x , z , r 1 , r 3 , r 2 , p , q and r are as defined in the specification . these compounds are useful for treating a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of glaucoma , dry eye , angiogenesis , cardiovascular conditions and diseases , and wound healing . | 2 |
a hands - free kit for cell - phones combines the wireless capabilities of bluetooth and the sound and visual functionalities of a tape player . a device that has a shape of a conventional magnetic cassette comprises a bluetooth module . the module automatically detects a data communication initiated with the portable apparatus over a wireless network when the device is inserted in the tape player . then the module automatically configures the apparatus to transmit to the device a low frequency signal representative of the communicated data . the device converts the received low frequency signal into a magnetic signal further communicated to the tape player for play out and / or display . thus , when a cell - phone rings , a driver inserts the device in his tape player and the cell is picked up and the conversation played out loud on the loud speakers in the car . | 7 |
the present invention comprises monohydrated form c of - 4 -- hydroxy - 3 - propyl ]- 1 - ethyl ] piperidine - 3 - carboxylic acid , represented by the structure and as herein defined by powder x - ray diffraction , processes for preparing monohydrated form c from amorphorous - 4 -- hydroxy - 3 - propyl ]- 1 - ethyl ] piperidine - 3 - carboxylic acid or form a of - 4 -- hydroxy - 3 - propyl ]- 1 - ethyl ] piperidine - 3 - carboxylic acid , pharmaceutical compositions comprising monohydrated form c , pharmaceutical compositions comprising monohydrated form c and form a or form b of - 4 -- hydroxy - 3 - propyl ]- 1 - ethyl ] piperidine - 3 - carboxylic acid , pharmaceutical compositions comprising monohydrated form c , form a and form b , methods for treating bacterial infection with monohydrated form c , methods for treating bacterial infection with monohydrated form c and form a or form b , methods for treating bacterial infection with monohydrated form c , form a and form b , and a process for the preparation of form a from monohydrated form c . | 2 |
Dense stellar clusters are natural sites for the origin and evolution of exotic objects such as relativistic binaries (potential gravitational wave sources) and blue stragglers. We investigate the secular dynamics of a binary system driven by the global tidal field of an axisymmetric stellar cluster in which the binary orbits. In a companion paper we developed a general Hamiltonian framework describing such systems. The effective (doubly-averaged) Hamiltonian derived there encapsulates all information about the tidal potential experienced by the binary in its orbit around the cluster in a single parameter Γ. Here we provide a thorough exploration of the phase-space of the corresponding secular problem as Γ is varied. We find that for Γ > 1/5 the phase-space structure and the evolution of binary orbital elements are qualitatively similar to the Lidov-Kozai problem. However, this is only one of four possible regimes, because the dynamics are qualitatively changed by bifurcations at Γ = 1/5, 0, -1/5. We show how the dynamics are altered in each regime and calculate characteristics such as the secular evolution time-scale and maximum possible eccentricity. We verify the predictions of our doubly-averaged formalism numerically and find it to be very accurate when its underlying assumptions are fulfilled, typically meaning that the secular time-scale should exceed the period of the binary around the cluster by ≳10-10<SUP>2</SUP> (depending on the cluster potential and binary orbit). Our results may be relevant for understanding the nature of a variety of exotic systems harboured by stellar clusters. | 9 |
an electric power supplier includes an alternating / direct current conversion circuit , a first path , a second path , a switch circuit , and a current detection circuit . the alternating / direct current conversion circuit converts an alternating voltage to a direct voltage . one end of the first path is connected to a first load . one end of the second path is connected to the first path , and the other end thereof is connected to a second load . the first and second paths supply output voltage of the alternating / direct current conversion circuit to the first and second loads . the current detection circuit detects a value of the output current flowing through a node between the first and second paths , and controls the switch circuit , formed in the second path , to electrically connect or disconnect the node to / from the second load , based on a detected current value . | 8 |
Red supergiants have been confirmed as the progenitor stars of the majority of hydrogen-rich type II supernovae<SUP>1</SUP>. However, while such stars are observed with masses >25 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> (ref. <SUP>2</SUP>), detections of >18 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> progenitors remain elusive<SUP>1</SUP>. Red supergiants are also expected to form at all metallicities, but discoveries of explosions from low-metallicity progenitors are scarce. Here, we report observations of the type II supernova, SN 2015bs, for which we infer a progenitor metallicity of ≤0.1 Z<SUB>⊙</SUB> from comparison to photospheric-phase spectral models<SUP>3</SUP>, and a zero-age main-sequence mass of 17-25 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> through comparison to nebular-phase spectral models<SUP>4,5</SUP>. SN 2015bs displays a normal `plateau' light-curve morphology, and typical spectral properties, implying a red supergiant progenitor. This is the first example of such a high-mass progenitor for a `normal' type II supernova, suggesting a link between high-mass red supergiant explosions and low-metallicity progenitors. | 9 |
an oscillator circuit and a method of generating an oscillating signal are disclosed . an oscillator comprises a first flip - flop and a second flip - flop coupled with the first flip - flop to provide an oscillating signal . a method of generating an oscillating signal comprises providing the oscillating signal as a first clock input to a first flip flop , inverting the oscillating signal and providing the inverted oscillating signal as a second clock input to a second flip flop , using the output of the first flip flop and the output of the second flip flop to generate a combined output that alternates between a logic low level and a logic high level , and using the combined output to sustain the oscillation of the oscillating signal . | 7 |
night vision devices utilize image intensifier tubes to see in low light conditions . a man - portable tester allows an operator to check for defects and determine the image resolution of the image intensifier tube quickly and easily without a power source or a darkened room . | 6 |
the configurations of a dielectric barrier discharge lamp system and the driving method thereof are provided in the present invention . the proposed dbdl system includes a driver circuit receiving a dc input voltage and generating an ac output voltage , including a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding , a dielectric barrier discharge lamp coupled to the secondary winding and a burst mode dimming circuit including a first switch . in which , the first switch is turned on when the first switch is starting such that the first switch and the primary winding forms a conducting path so as to apply a driving high voltage to the dbdel and turn off the first switch after the dbdl is breaking through by the driving high voltage such that a driving normal voltage is applied to the dbdl . | 7 |
a method is provided for compressing relatively time invariant binary data , such as speech data in a telephone answering device , using statistical analysis of changes in the data . an original record organized into multiple frames of multiple bits each is used to construct an xored record of the same number of frames and bits . the xored record has a base frame with the same bit value pattern as a corresponding base frame of the original record , and remaining frames with bit values given by the outputs of an exclusive - or operation applied to the bit values of corresponding and prior frames of the original record . the bit positions of the xored record frame set are analyzed and reordered , according to their bit value change activity and used to construct an output record . the output record may have a base frame with the same bit value pattern as the corresponding reordered xored record base frame . other output record frames are established using a compression scheme wherein at least low bit value change subframes of the reordered xored record frames are compressed by replacing them with shorter bit patterns having a format comprising a first part representing the number of bit changes occurring in the subframe and a second part identifying the location or locations , if any , of those changes . the foregoing procedure is reversed to restore the original record from the output record . | 7 |
a computer - implemented method includes establishing a road network model on which a plurality of simulated vehicles may be run . the method also includes setting up a plurality of scenarios under which vehicle driving conditions vary to be run on the road network model . the illustrative method includes receiving energy usage related data for a plurality of simulated vehicles run in at least one of the plurality of scenarios on the road network model . the method further includes calculating a total energy consumption for each of the vehicles . the method additionally includes repeating the receiving and calculating steps to determine how various elements of the road network model and scenarios effect vehicle energy consumption . | 6 |
a transmission circuit that conducts signals between integrated circuit devices includes a first driver circuit that generates a first transmit signal in response to first and second input signals , the first transmit signal being transmitted from the integrated circuit device . a first conductive line is electrically coupled to the first driver circuit and conducts the first transmit signal . a second driver circuit generates a second transmit signal in response to the first transmit signal and a third input signal , the second transmit signal being transmitted from the integrated circuit device . a second conductive line is electrically coupled to the second driver circuit and conducts the second transmit data signal . related methods are also disclosed . | 7 |
embodiments of the present invention may integrate and analyze the output from various medical devices and clinical information systems in order to assist the clinical staff in making the more informed clinical decisions , output intelligent alarms , predict and prevent adverse events , and in some circumstances enable automated patient care . | 6 |
a material roll is transported to a roll changer by being arranged on a transport carriage . the material roll and transport carriage are placed on a transfer table which is moved into position between journal bearings of the roll changer . the transfer table is adapted to move the material roll transversely and along a longitudinal axis of the material roll and can pivot in a horizontal plane . an inclined position of the material roll , arranged on the transfer table , is determined by sensors . in this determined , axially aligned position , the material roll is axially aligned on the bearing journals . the roll size of the material is determined . an axially aligned position for roller support arms of a roll carrier of the roll changer is determined as a function of the determined roll size . an axially aligned position of the transfer table is determined as a function of the determined roll size and the determined inclined position of the material roll . the position of both ends of the sleeve of the material roll , upon insertion of the transfer table into the roll changer , is detected . the material roll is then inclined by a rotary drive which is arranged on the transfer table . | 1 |
a component of a turbine includes a vane , a carrier element and at least four interfaces between the vane and the carrier element . the at least four interfaces are sealed via leaf seals . a method for sealing against leakage between a vane and a carrier element of the above - mentioned turbine component includes sealing the at least four interfaces by way of leaf seals . | 5 |
the instant disclosure relates to an improved heating chamber of a heating device having a non - reactive surface layer . the heating chamber includes at least one metal layer and at least one non - reactive disposed thereon . the improved heating chamber is protected against reacting chemically during the thermal treatment process , and has better anti - corrosion capability . the heating chamber is also protected against cracking . therefore , the service life of the heating chamber is extended . a heating device having improved heating chamber and at least one method of forming the non - reactive layer are also disclosed . | 2 |
a laminated structure for use as a thy film photoresist , which includes a supporting layer , a photosensitive resin layer and a protective layer . the protective layer is a polyester film that has a maximum surface roughness between 1 , 500 nm and 2 , 500 nm , and a sheet resistance between 1 × 10 8 ω /□ and 1 × 10 12 ω /□. the laminated structure is particularly applicable to the manufacture of a photosensitive device and a circuit of a printed circuit board or a lead frame . | 2 |
Energetic X-ray radiations emitted from various accretion systems are widely considered to be produced by Comptonization in the hot corona. The corona and its interaction with the disk play an essential role in the evolution of the system and are potentially responsible for many observed features. However, many intrinsic properties of the corona are still poorly understood, especially for the geometrical configurations. The traditional spectral fitting method is not powerful enough to distinguish various configurations. In this paper, we intend to investigate the possible configurations by modeling the polarization properties of X-ray radiations. The geometries of the corona include the slab, sphere and cylinder. The simulations are implemented through the publicly available code, Lemon, which can deal with the polarized radiative transfer and different electron distributions readily. The results demonstrate clearly that the observed polarizations are dependent heavily on the geometry of the corona. The slab-like corona produces the highest polarization degrees (PDs), followed by the cylinder and sphere. One of the interesting things is that the PDs first increase gradually and then decrease with the increase of photon energy. For slab geometry, there exists a zero-point where the polarization vanishes and the polarization angle (PA) rotates by 90°. These results may potentially be verified by the upcoming missions for polarized X-ray observations, such as IXPE and eXTP. | 9 |
devices , apparatus , systems , and methods for retrofitting or providing new water treatment vaults and chambers , with a floatable skimmer on tracks above a solid shelf that constricts and restricts water during low and medium flows for maximum detention time to allow for greater storm water treatment , and for high flows allows for the skimmer to automatically adjust to allow for greater conveyance of storm water flow . the skimmer can have float across an upper edge with side edges having both centering and load bearing wheels that slide up and down within tracks that are mounted to side walls of storm water treatment chambers and vaults . additional embodiments include multi - chamber vaults and chambers with baffles separating sediment chambers . additionally screen treatment systems can be used with the chambers and vaults . additionally , the skimmer panels can be positioned so that lower edges can sit on top of outer edges of the shelfs , or form a gap between the top of the outer edge of the shelf and the lower edge of the moveable panel , or have a gap between a hanging down skimmer panel and a front edge of the shelf . | 4 |
The supernova remnant (SNR) candidate G 116.6 - 26.1 is one of the few high Galactic latitude (|b| > 15°) remnants detected so far in several wavebands. It was discovered recently in the SRG/eROSITA all-sky X-ray survey and also displays a low-frequency weak radio signature. In this study, we report the first optical detection of G 116.6 - 26.1 through deep, wide-field, and higher resolution narrowband imaging in H$\alpha$, $[\rm S\,{\small{\rm II}}]$ and $[\rm O\,{\small{\rm III}}]$ light. The object exhibits two major and distinct filamentary emission structures in a partial shell-like formation. The optical filaments are found in an excellent positional match with available X-ray, radio, and UV maps, can be traced over a relatively long angular distance (38 and 70 arcmin) and appear unaffected by any strong interactions with the ambient interstellar medium. We also present a flux-calibrated, optical emission spectrum from a single location, with Balmer and several forbidden lines detected, indicative of emission from shock excitation in a typical evolved SNR. Confirmation of the most likely SNR nature of G 116.6 - 26.1 is provided from the observed value of the line ratio [S II] / H$\alpha$ = $0.56\, \pm \, 0.06$, which exceeds the widely accepted threshold 0.4, and is further strengthened by the positive outcome of several diagnostic tests for shock emission. Our results indicate an approximate shock velocity range 70-100 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> at the spectroscopically examined filament, which, when combined with the low emissivity in H$\alpha$ and other emission lines, suggest that G 116.6 - 26.1 is a SNR at a mature evolutionary stage. | 9 |
Recent observations provided evidence that the solar chromosphere of sunspot regions is pervaded by Alfvénic waves-transverse magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves (Alfvén waves or kink waves). In order to systematically investigate the physical characteristics of Alfvénic waves over a wide range of periods, we analyzed the time series of line-of-sight velocity maps constructed from the Hα spectral data of a small sunspot region taken by the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph of the Goode Solar Telescope at Big Bear. We identified each Alfvénic wave packet by examining the cross-correlation of band-filtered velocity between two points that are located a little apart presumably on the same magnetic field line. As result, we detected a total of 279 wave packets in the superpenumbral region around the sunspot and obtained their statistics of period, velocity amplitude, and propagation speed. An important finding of ours is that the detected Alfvénic waves are clearly separated into two groups: 3-minute period (<7 minutes) waves and 10-minute period (>7 minutes) waves. We propose two tales on the origin of Alfvénic waves in the chromosphere; the 3-minute Alfvénic waves are excited by the upward-propagating slow waves in the chromosphere through the slow-to-Alfvénic mode conversion, and the 10-minute Alfvénic waves represent the chromospheric manifestation of the kink waves driven by convective motions in the photosphere. | 9 |
Gravity is the force that a planet or other body pulls objects towards its center. In addition, gravity can affect the properties of many cells and tissues. For this reason, the effect of gravity on people has been a matter of curiosity and studies have begun. During their stay in the extra-atmospheric environment, astronauts and cosmonauts showed a significant loss of bone mineral density, and the bone loss varied to a certain extent. Alternative devices have been developed since it is not possible to collect enough material to conduct research from astronauts under these conditions. For this reason, one of the devices developed is the acoustic levitation device. Thereupon, the Acoustic levitation device, which is within the scope of the 2209 project, started to be used as a new technique as a mechanism simulating the conditions of the non-gravity environment. The device called acoustic levitation has been a method that has been used to keep matter suspended in the air against gravity by using acoustic radiation pressure from high-intensity sound waves. It is thought that this mechanism will enable more useful and more detailed investigations than other methods by eliminating the negative effects of cosmic radiation with acoustic radiation instead of cosmic radiation on cells and tissues. The first experiments were carried out on small animals and blood droplets in this zero-gravity environment created with an acoustic levitation device, and the first data that gravity could have a positive effect on living things were obtained. Mesenchymal stem cells are adult stem cells found in the connective tissues of cells. They also form the basis of the stroma cell, which is the supporting part of the tissues. They can differentiate into different tissues such as fat, bone, cartilage, muscle, tendon. At the same time, MSCs show the potential to differentiate into different cell types under in-vitro conditions. The general state of mesenchymal cells is thought to depend on the cellular environment and several soluble factors. Gravity is the force that a planet or other body pulls objects towards its center. In addition, gravity can affect the properties of mesenchymal stem cells. For this reason, the effect of gravity on people has been a matter of curiosity and studies have begun. During their stay in the extra-atmospheric environment, astronauts and cosmonauts showed a significant loss of bone mineral density, and the bone loss varied to a certain extent. Alternative devices have been developed since it is not possible to collect enough material to conduct research from astronauts under these conditions. For this reason, one of the devices developed is the acoustic levitation device. This device works with the principle of acoustic levitation, keeping the material suspended in the air against gravity by using acoustic radiation pressure from high-intensity sound waves. This operating principle provides the potential to characterize solid particles and liquid materials in a gravity-neutral environment. In addition, the acoustic levitation device, which eliminates the effect of gravity, creates a working environment similar to the 3D growth of living organisms. In studies with this technique, the shape oscillation of blood drops can be evaluated in normal and blood viscosity in sickle cell anemia blood. In the light of all this information, our project will be examined whether gravity has a positive effect on MSCs by examining the proliferation and apoptosis of MSCs in this zero-gravity environment created with an acoustic levitation device. While there is no research in Turkey on cell and tissue examination in the zero-gravity environment created by acoustic levitation, these studies are very rare in the world. In the scope of our project, the examinations to be made with an acoustic levitation device will be on cancer, which is the most common disease of today. By examining the proliferation, apoptosis (survival), and gene expression of cancer cells, it will be examined whether gravity has a positive effect on cancer cells. During these examinations, comprehensive examinations will be provided by using different techniques. At the same time, it is thought that this device will contribute to us obtaining more accurate results by not allowing the 3D structures of organs and tumors to deteriorate compared to examinations in normal Petri dishes. Based on the observations in simulated gravity environments, it is predicted that microgravity may have a suppressive effect on the viability and growth of cancer cells, and that microgravity will significantly reduce the activity of the cells. By examining the proliferation of T lymphocytes and the release of cytokines in this gravity-free environment created by the acoustic levitation device, it will be possible to compare the proliferation and cytokine release of T lymphocytes in classical culture dishes and in the microgravity environment. In this way, it will be possible to examine whether gravity has a positive effect on T lymphocytes. In addition, since the acoustic levitation device is expected to have the ability to hold a wide variety of substances against gravity in uncontained conditions, new studies and the data obtained as a result of the studies will allow new approaches to be researched in the non-gravity environment. | 9 |
a form - fitting or conformal load carrying pallet for aircraft to improve the load carrying capacity of aircraft where the load may be fuel , electronic gear , aerial photography equipment or other items . the pallet is arranged for rapid installation and removal from a position against the side of the fuselage so that there is little or no adverse effect on the aircraft weight distribution , so the wetted area of the fuselage is not appreciably increased , so that the effect on aerodynamic characteristics is minimized , and so the pallet does not become a structural part of the aircraft . | 1 |
a replenishable merchandising display requires the product to be displayed for sale be loaded into modular receptacles at the manufacturer and that a merchandising display for receiving the modular receptacles be shipped to a retailer . the retailer then loads the modular receptacles containing product into the merchandising display and eventually replenishes the merchandising display once the product is depleted . | 0 |
A class of long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) presenting light curves with an extended plateau phase in their X-ray afterglows obeys a correlation between the rest-frame end-time of the plateau, T <SUB> a </SUB>, and its corresponding X-ray luminosity, L <SUB> a </SUB>, (Dainotti et al). In this work we perform an analysis of a total sample of 176 Swift GRBs with known redshifts, exhibiting afterglow plateaus. By adding a third parameter that is the peak luminosity in the prompt emission, L <SUB>peak</SUB>, we discover the existence of a new three-parameter correlation. The scatter of data about this plane becomes smaller when a class-specific GRB sample is defined. This sample of 122 GRBs is selected from the total sample by excluding GRBs with associated supernovae (SNe), X-ray flashes and short GRBs with extended emission. With this sample the three-parameter correlation identifies a GRB “fundamental plane.” Moreover, we further limit our analysis to GRBs with light curves with good data coverage and almost flat plateaus, 40 GRBs forming our “gold sample.” The intrinsic scatter, {σ }<SUB>{int</SUB>}=0.27+/- 0.04, for the three-parameter correlation for this last sub-class is more than two times smaller than the value for the {L}<SUB>a</SUB>-{T}<SUB>a</SUB> one, making this the tightest three-parameter correlation that involves the afterglow plateau phase. Finally, we also show that a slightly less tight correlation is present between L <SUB>peak</SUB> and a proxy for the total energy emitted during the plateau phase, {L}<SUB>a</SUB>{T}<SUB>a</SUB>, confirming the existence of an energy scaling between the prompt and afterglow phases. | 9 |
a telemetry coil arrangement for the telemetric reception of transmitted signals , in particular in cardiologic implants , comprises coils of varying diameters and numbers of windings suited thereto . | 6 |
the present invention relates to an apparatus for laser working of flat or basically flat pieces or elements , such as plastic sheets , glass or ceramic sheets , metal plates , wooden panels or fabric slivers of various kinds . in particular , the invention relates to an apparatus provided with a simple structure suitable for supporting and moving a fiber laser head capable of reaching any point of a flat piece by means of a combined crosswise - rotating movement . | 1 |
in one embodiment , a processor can enforce a blacklist and validate , according to a multi - phase lockstep integrity protocol , a device coupled to the processor . such enforcement may prevent the device from accessing one or more resources of a system prior to the validation . the blacklist may include a list of devices that have not been validated according to the multi - phase lockstep integrity protocol . other embodiments are described and claimed . | 6 |
a method for testing an inverter drive logic switching pattern signal combines six pulse width modulated switching signal pairs into six intermediate signals and further combines these six intermediate signals to produce three composite signals . the three composite signals are used to produce a test signal which is monitored to detect a failure in at least one of the pulse width modulated switching signals . individual pairs of the intermediate signals can be further combined to produce three additional test signals which are used to detect a failure in a particular one of the pulse width modulated signals . these three additional test signals can be further combined to produce a fifth test signal which can be analyzed to detect an abnormal polarity in the pulse width modulated switching signals . both the above test method and circuits which perform that method are disclosed . | 7 |
an apparatus for separating oil from water , particularly from sea water , having high separating performance , being compact in size so as to be installed in a limited or small space such as a ship , and running at a low cost . the separating apparatus includes a separator in which oil in the water comes up by gravity difference , a flocculating device with a mixer and a flocculant supplying system , the mixer mixing the flocculant and water to attain a flocculation of the suspended material from the separator , a pressurized floating separator for floating and separating the flock under pressure as receiving the fluid from the flocculating device , a gas - liquid mixing - dissolving device taking bubbling water into the fluid which is sent from the flocculating device connected to the lower part of the pressure floating separator , and a filter for removing the remaining oil by passing the fluid from the pressurized separator . | 2 |
The first gravitational-wave event from the merger of a binary neutron star system (GW170817) was detected recently. The associated short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) has a low isotropic luminosity (∼10<SUP>47</SUP> erg s<SUP>-1</SUP>) and a peak energy E <SUB> p </SUB> ∼ 145 keV during the initial main emission between -0.3 and 0.4 s. The origin of this short GRB is still under debate, but a plausible interpretation is that it is due to the off-axis emission from a structured jet. We consider two possibilities. First, since the best-fit spectral model for the main pulse of GRB 170817A is a cutoff power law with a hard low-energy photon index (α =-{0.62}<SUB>-0.54</SUB><SUP>+0.49</SUP>), we consider an off-axis photosphere model. We develop a theory of photosphere emission in a structured jet and find that such a model can reproduce a low-energy photon index that is softer than a blackbody through enhancing high-latitude emission. The model can naturally account for the observed spectrum. The best-fit Lorentz factor along the line of sight is ∼20, which demands that there is a significant delay between the merger and jet launching. Alternatively, we consider that the emission is produced via synchrotron radiation in an optically thin region in an expanding jet with decreasing magnetic fields. This model does not require a delay of jet launching but demands a larger bulk Lorentz factor along the line of sight. We perform Markov Chain Monte Carlo fitting to the data within the framework of both models and obtain good fitting results in both cases. | 9 |
the present invention relates to a method for preparing a solution of a refolded , recombinantly expressed or chemically synthesized eukaryotic membrane protein in monodisperse form , to methods for preparing a crystalline form of a recombinantly expressed or chemically synthesized membrane protein , to a crystalline form of a recombinantly expressed , or chemically synthesized eukaryotic membrane protein , and to a crystalline form of a complex of a recombinantly expressed or chemically synthesized eukaryotic membrane protein and of an accessory agent . | 2 |
a controller for controlling the flow rate of compressed air to a spray paint gun as well as to a comparable tool which is optimally operative dependant upon receiving a specified flow rate of air includes a flow control valve which regulates the air flow rate therethrough based on a pressure differential signal received from an air flow meter . the pressure differential signal transmitted to the air flow controller is balanced against an opposing spring biased needle in the flow controller . | 1 |
the invention provides novel imidazopyridin - 3 - yl - acetic acid hydrazides of formula wherein r 1 , r 2 and r 3 have different meanings , and pharmaceutically acceptable salts , polymorphs , hydrates , tautomers , solvates and stereoisomers thereof . compounds of formula are useful for treating or preventing , in a human or non - human mammal , diseases associated with gaba a receptors modulation , anxiety , epilepsy , sleep disorders including insomnia , and for inducing sedation - hypnosis , anesthesia , sleep and muscle relaxation . the invention also provides synthetic processes for preparing said compounds . | 2 |
The repeating FRB 20121102A was localized to a star-forming region in a dwarf galaxy and found to be co-located with a persistent radio source (PRS). FRB 20190520B is only the second known source sharing phenomenology akin to FRB 20121102A's, with similar burst activity, host galaxy properties, as well as being associated with a PRS. PRS emission is potentially a calorimeter, allowing us to estimate the energy output of the central FRB engine. Independently of FRB studies, PRSs have been found in dwarf galaxies and interpreted as intermediate mass black holes. To improve our understanding of such sources associated with dwarf galaxies, it is imperative to increase the known sample size. Here, we present a search for compact radio sources coincident with dwarf galaxies, discuss source candidates and planned strategies to differentiate them between candidate FRB hosts and intermediate mass black holes. | 9 |
Star formation in a filamentary infrared dark cloud (IRDC) is simulated over the dynamic range of 4.2 pc to 28 au for a period of 3.5 × 10<SUP>5</SUP> yr, including magnetic fields and both radiative and outflow feedback from the protostars. At the end of the simulation, the star formation efficiency is 4.3 per cent and the star formation rate per free-fall time is ɛ<SUB>ff</SUB> ≃ 0.04, within the range of observed values. The total stellar mass increases as ∼t<SUP>2</SUP>, whereas the number of protostars increases as ∼t<SUP>1.5</SUP>. We find that the density profile around most of the simulated protostars is ∼ρ ∝ r<SUP>-1.5</SUP>. At the end of the simulation, the protostellar mass function approaches the Chabrier stellar initial mass function. We infer that the time to form a star of median mass 0.2 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> is about 1.4 × 10<SUP>5</SUP> yr from the median mass accretion rate. We find good agreement among the protostellar luminosities observed in the large sample of Dunham et al., our simulation and a theoretical estimate, and we conclude that the classical protostellar luminosity problem is resolved. The multiplicity of the stellar systems in the simulation agrees, to within a factor of 2, with observations of Class I young stellar objects; most of the simulated multiple systems are unbound. Bipolar protostellar outflows are launched using a subgrid model, and extend up to 1 pc from their host star. The mass-velocity relation of the simulated outflows is consistent with both observation and theory. | 9 |
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