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a semiconductive chip carrier connector for mounting to a printed circuit board . the connector includes a pair of oppositely facing levers , hingedly attached to opposite sides of the connector body . the first lever engages the chip carrier and urges it into engagement with contacts supported by the connector body . the second lever engages the first lever and urges the first lever into contact with the chip carrier . | 7 |
disclosed herein is a vehicle including a frame , and a stabilizer apparatus including a pressure source , first and second fluid - actuated stabilizer assemblies connected respectively to the front and rear axles shiftably moveable on the frame , one of the first and second stabilizer assemblies normally being locked against extension and contraction in the absence of pressurization thereof by the pressure source , and the other of the first and second stabilizer assemblies normally being free to extend and contract in the absence of pressurization thereof by the pressure source , a hydraulic circuit connected between the pressure source and the first and second fluid activated stabilizer assemblies and including a flow controller operable between a first mode wherein the pressure source is disconnected from the first and second stabilizer assemblies , whereby the one of the stabilizer assemblies is locked against extension and retraction , thereby locking the axle connected thereto against shifting movement relative to the frame , and whereby the other of the stabilizer assemblies is free to extend and retract , thereby permitting shifting movement relative to the frame of the axle connected thereto , and a second mode wherein the pressure source is selectively connectible to the first and second stabilizer assemblies for selective pressurization thereof by the pressure source so as to selectively extend and retract the first and second stabilizer assemblies . | 1 |
a percolator having a cylindrical basket concentric with a wand is provided with a filter paper cup having an annular bottom coextensive with the bottom of the basket and having upstanding fluted sides . the filter cups are formed by cutting and forming them into a nest of cups having an imperforate bottom , transferring the nest of cups to a frusto - conical die having a circular top commensurate with the circular bottom of the filter cups , a central die - hole , and outwardly and downwardly flaring sides corresponding to the natural outward flare of the nested cups , and punching an axial hole in said nested cups while on said die by means of a punch complementary with said die - hole . | 1 |
the present invention provides personal care compositions , as well as methods for protecting low viscosity hydrophobic liquid actives . | 0 |
a shift control system for keyboard having plural character keys and at least one shift key arranged in a predetermined key matrix and the positions of which are defined by respective matrix codes , including a keyboard controller under the control of a central processing unit for determining a depression of any of the keys of the key matrix . the matrix codes of the shift keys are predetermined and so identified . the key matrix is scanned and the matrix codes of any depressed keys are determined and compared with the predetermined matrix code of the shift keys . keycodes are formed for each depressed key based on the matrix codes produced for the respective key and based on whether or not a shift key depression is determined . | 7 |
We reformulate the scattering amplitudes of 4D flat space gauge theory and gravity in the language of a 2D CFT on the celestial sphere. The resulting CFT structure exhibits an OPE constructed from 4D collinear singularities, as well as infinite-dimensional Kac-Moody and Virasoro algebras encoding the asymptotic symmetries of 4D flat space. We derive these results by recasting 4D dynamics in terms of a convenient foliation of flat space into 3D Euclidean AdS and Lorentzian dS geometries. Tree-level scattering amplitudes take the form of Witten diagrams for a continuum of (A)dS modes, which are in turn equivalent to CFT correlators via the (A)dS/CFT dictionary. The Ward identities for the 2D conserved currents are dual to 4D soft theorems, while the bulk-boundary propagators of massless (A)dS modes are superpositions of the leading and subleading Weinberg soft factors of gauge theory and gravity. In general, the massless (A)dS modes are 3D Chern-Simons gauge fields describing the soft, single helicity sectors of 4D gauge theory and gravity. Consistent with the topological nature of Chern-Simons theory, Aharonov-Bohm effects record the "tracks" of hard particles in the soft radiation, leading to a simple characterization of gauge and gravitational memories. Soft particle exchanges between hard processes define the Kac-Moody level and Virasoro central charge, which are thereby related to the 4D gauge coupling and gravitational strength in units of an infrared cutoff. Finally, we discuss a toy model for black hole horizons via a restriction to the Rindler region. | 9 |
a deformable , insertable device for relieving intraocular pressure comprising a body portion composed of a biocompatible porous material , said body portion comprising a first end portion and a second end portion , said body portion defining pores therethrough , said pores being of such size and quantity as to permit drainage of fluid from the anterior chamber to the scleral tissue without collapse of the anterior chamber ; and | 0 |
the invention provides a method of imparting flavor to smokeless tobacco , and the flavored smokeless tobacco produced therefrom . | 0 |
a combined advertising search engine and consumer incentive system which allows an account holder to accrue awards points for selecting an advertiser listing among a search results list and for making purchases within the system and later redeeming said awards points for products or services . the system also provides convenience for a business owner to enroll both a consumer and an advertising merchant , to accrue awards points for business purchases , and to redeem said accrued points for business related purchases , thereby reducing operating costs . | 6 |
The new multiwavelength monitoring campaign on NGC 5548 shows clearly that the variability of the ultraviolet (UV)/optical light curves lags by progressively longer times at longer wavelengths, as expected from reprocessing off an optically thick disc, but that the time-scales are longer than expected for a standard Shakura-Sunyaev accretion disc. We build a full spectral-timing reprocessing model to simulate the UV/optical light curves of NGC 5548. We show that disc reprocessing of the observed hard X-ray light curve produces optical light curves with too much fast variability as well as too short a lag time. Suppressing the fast variability requires an intervening structure preventing the hard X-rays from illuminating the disc. We propose this is the disc itself, perhaps due to atomic processes in the UV lifting the photosphere, increasing the scaleheight, making it less dense and less able to thermalize, so that it radiates low-temperature Comptonized emission as required to produce the soft X-ray excess. The outer edge of the puffed-up Comptonized disc region emits far-UV (FUV) flux, and can illuminate the outer thin blackbody disc, but while this gives reprocessed variable emission that is much closer to the observed UV and optical light curves, the light travel lags are still too short to match the data. We reverse engineer a solution to match the observations and find that the luminosity and temperature of the lagged emission are not consistent with material at the light travel lag distance responding to the irradiating flux (either FUV or X-ray). We conclude that the UV/optical lags of NGC 5548 are neither the light travel time from X-ray reprocessing nor the light travel time from FUV reprocessing, but instead could be the time-scale for the outer blackbody disc vertical structure to respond to the changing FUV illumination. | 9 |
a new nickel dispersion coating composition containing a special additional pigment material useful as a shielding coating to protect electronic equipment or the like from electromagnetic interference . the new coating composition is more economical to produce than prior coating compositions without significantly effecting performance characteristics . | 7 |
teaching aid math games utilizing a mathematical matrix organized about x and y axises where the game is played by correctly associating numbers with their corresponding stations . the matrix comprises a first string of stations and a second string of stations where the first and second strings have the same number of stations . each station is associated with a numerical value , and each station on the first string is parallel to a corresponding station on the second string where each corresponding station pair add up to the same numerical value . the display of the matrix provides visual associations for mathematical relationships . | 6 |
a gear bearing having a first gear and a second gear , each having a plurality of teeth . each gear operates on two non - parallel surfaces of the opposing gear teeth to perform both gear and bearing functions simultaneously . the gears are moving at substantially the same speed at their contact points . the gears may be roller gear bearings or phase - shifted gear bearings , and may be arranged in a planet / sun system or used as a transmission . | 5 |
differential mode capacitively loaded magnetic dipole designs are provided for usage in various applications . impedance matching may be accomplished with changes to antenna structures without concomitant changes in resonant frequency . | 7 |
an encoder device of the absolute position type for outputting a shift position or angle of rotation relative to the absolute position . the device comprises a code plate having first and second grid patterns wherein information is stored as 1 or 0 in a periodic manner at pitches slightly different from each other ; first and second sensory arrays for detecting the first and second grid patterns ; driving means for driving the sensors relative to the grid patterns and for obtaining an alternating signal from each array ; and computation means for measuring the phase angle of the alternating signal from each array , and the phase angle difference therebetween and for calculating the position using such phase angles . advantageously , the invention is suitable for miniaturization due to its simplicity , relaibility , and efficiency . | 7 |
a carton has opposing side walls adjoining top and bottom walls forming the tube portion of the carton . opposing end closures adjoin the end portions of the tube . the top wall of the carton is multiple - ply with the inner - most ply having a drop - down separator panel . the separator panel has a configuration and placement which is compatible with an opening feature formed in the outer - most ply . | 1 |
a steam turbine exhaust hood includes an exhaust hood section , and a butterfly plate arranged in the exhaust hood section . the butterfly plate includes a complex curvilinear cross - sectional profile having a first section that extends between a first end portion and a middle portion , and a second section that extends between the middle portion and a second end portion . one of the first and second sections is formed from at least two curvilinear segments including at least one curvilinear segment having a positive curvature and at least one curvilinear segment having a negative curvature . | 5 |
a heat engine system configured to extract thermal energy from a heat source , convert a first portion of the thermal energy to work using an expansion device , and reject a second portion of the thermal energy to a heat sink . the system utilizes a second fluid to inhibit a temperature drop of the first fluid within the expansion device . | 5 |
Although collisionless shocks are ubiquitous in astrophysics, certain key aspects of them are not well understood. In particular, the process known as collisionless electron heating, whereby electrons are rapidly energized at the shock front, is one of the main open issues in shock physics. Here, we present the first clear evidence for efficient collisionless electron heating at the reverse shock of Tycho's supernova remnant (SNR), revealed by Fe K diagnostics using high-quality X-ray data obtained by the Suzaku satellite. We detect Kβ (3p → 1s) fluorescence emission from low-ionization Fe ejecta excited by energetic thermal electrons at the reverse shock front, which peaks at a smaller radius than Fe Kα (2p → 1s) emission dominated by a relatively highly ionized component. Comparisons with our hydrodynamical simulations imply instantaneous electron heating to a temperature 1000 times higher than expected from Coulomb collisions alone. The unique environment of the reverse shock, which is propagating with a high Mach number into rarefied ejecta with a low magnetic field strength, puts strong constraints on the physical mechanism responsible for this heating and favors a cross-shock potential created by charge deflection at the shock front. Our sensitive observation also reveals that the reverse shock radius of this SNR is about 10% smaller than the previous measurement using the Fe Kα morphology from the Chandra observations. Since strong Fe Kβ fluorescence is expected only from low-ionization plasma where Fe ions still have many 3p electrons, this feature is key to diagnosing the plasma state and distribution of the immediate postshock ejecta in a young SNR. | 9 |
Fast C++ simulation of different particle types in liquid, gaseous, and solid xenon Mean scintillation light and ionization charge yields Variation in total quanta, and recombination fluctuations Dependencies on energy, electric field strength, and density Pulse shape models for both S1 and S2, including e-trains Additional tools, for calculating leakage and limits Not a complete list, please see the exhaustive README file included. | 9 |
Context. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are large-scale structures of magnetized plasma that erupt from the corona into interplanetary space. The launch of Solar Orbiter (SolO) in 2020 enables in situ measurements of CMEs in the innermost heliosphere, at such distances where CMEs can be observed remotely within the inner field of view of heliospheric imagers (HIs). It thus provides the opportunity for investigations into the correspondence of the CME substructures measured in situ and observed remotely. We studied a CME that started on 2022 March 10 and was measured in situ by SolO at ∼0.44 au. <BR /> Aims: Combining remote observations of CMEs from wide-angle imagers and in situ measurements in the innermost heliosphere allows us to compare CME properties derived through both techniques, validate the estimates, and better understand CME evolution, specifically the size and radial expansion, within 0.5 au. <BR /> Methods: We compared the evolution of different CME substructures observed in images from the HIs on board the Ahead Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO-A) and the CME signatures measured in situ by SolO. The CME is found to possess a density enhancement at its rear edge in both remote and in situ observations, which validates the use of the signature of density enhancement following the CMEs to accurately identify the CME rear edge. We also estimated and compared the radial size and radial expansion speed of different substructures in both observations. <BR /> Results: The evolution of the CME front and rear edges in remote images is consistent with the in situ CME measurements. The radial expansion (i.e., radial size and radial expansion speed) of the whole CME structure consisting of the magnetic ejecta and the sheath is consistent with the in situ estimates obtained at the same time from SolO. However, we do not find such consistencies for the magnetic ejecta region inside the CME because it is difficult to identify the magnetic ejecta edges in the remote images. | 9 |
a dynamic hologram is formed in anisotropic liquid crystal gel materials . by applying an electric field , the orientation of part of the liquid crystals can be altered and the hologram can be turned on and off . using lc gels allows for holographic elements with no diffraction in the voltage off state so that the hologram appears only during application of an electric field . also , the anisotropic lc gels maintain polarization dependence . the dynamic holograms are suitable in e . g . dynamic holographic optical components whereby an optical function can be included / excluded in a beam path without introducing or removing elements . | 6 |
in a vacuum - die casting machine comprising a casting mold having stationary and movable mold halves defining therebetween a mold cavity , a casting chamber which is in communication with the mold cavity and includes a piston and an evacuation arrangement connectable to the casting chamber for drawing melt from a melt storage into the casting chamber , a control arrangement is provided for controlling the mold cavity pressure depending on the pressure difference between the mold cavity and a cavity pressure and a counter pressure of the metal melt . | 1 |
a method and apparatus for reducing memory required to store reciprocal approximations as specified in institute of electrical and electronic engineers standards such as ieee 754 is presented . monotonic properties of the reciprocal function are used to bound groups of values . efficient bit - vectors are used to represent information in groups resulting in a very compact table representation about four times smaller than storing all of the reciprocal approximations in a table . | 6 |
the invention refers to a computer system , comprising : a computer , and a peripheral device , wherein the computer comprises one or more receivers for receiving signals sent from the peripheral device , and a peripheral device movement detector for detecting a movement of the peripheral device from the signals received from the peripheral device . further , the invention referes to a mobile telephone , comprising a device movement tracking member , e . g ., a rollerball . in addition , the invention refers to a computer system , comprising : a mobile telephone comprising a device movement tracking member , and a computer connectable to the mobile telephone , e . g . via a wireless rf connection . | 7 |
an optical fiber sensor for detecting curvature of a body / structure comprises a cladding having an outer periphery . a central core receives and transmits light . the central core has bragg gratings and is positioned in neutral planes of the cladding . peripheral cores receive and transmit light . the peripheral cores have bragg gratings and are peripherally positioned in the cladding with respect to the neutral planes . a connection configuration is provided in the outer periphery of the cladding to attach the optical fiber sensor to a body / structure such that the central core and the peripheral cores are in a predetermined orientation with respect to the body / structure to measure curvature of the body / structure . | 6 |
the invention relates to an apparatus for monitoring extruded products moving in an inline extrusion process so as to affect quality control of the process by continuously measuring dimensional parameters and determining the existence of contaminants in the extrusion . the apparatus makes use of terahertz radiation , which is adapted to provide a curtain of parallel rays of the radiation , which is scanned across the product as the product passes there - through in a linear manner . the composition of the omitted radiation received after the scanning process is subject to an imaging analysis to determine the dimensional parameters and contaminant free integrity of the extrusion process . | 1 |
the invention provides a heat exchange reformer arranged to be part of a synthesis gas production unit and comprising at least a first and a second metal in order to minimise metal dusting . the invention moreover relates to a method for improved thermal control in a heat exchange reformer and a computer readable storage medium . the invention provides improved thermal control and reduced metal dusting of the heat exchange reformer . | 1 |
a configurable vehicle computer is enabled based on identification information associated with a driver . updates to the configurable vehicle computer are stored at a remote location . the updates are downloaded upon an authorized vehicle start - up . | 7 |
a flare gas stack is described with a purge gas conservation system adapted to control the flow of purge gas in accordance with the specific gravity of the purge gas , and prevailing conditions including cutting off the purge gas flow when conditions of waste gas flow and wind speed near the top of the stack permit . provisions are made for visual observation of the waste gas flow , purge gas flow and purge failure . | 5 |
processing is provided for operating an in - memory database , wherein transaction data is stored by a persistence buffer in an fifo queue , and update processor subsequently : waits for a trigger ; extracts the last transactional data associated with a single transaction of the in - memory database from the fifo memory queue ; determines if the transaction data includes updates to data fields in the in - memory database which were already processed ; and if not , then stores the extracted transaction data to a store queue , remembering the fields updated in the in - memory database , or otherwise updates the store queue with the extracted transaction data . the process continues until the extracting is complete , and the content of the store queue is periodically written into a persistent storage device . | 6 |
a method and system for analyzing a “ detail ” , measures the effectiveness of a sales presentation and its ability to drive market share through a standardized , quantitative evaluation of the entire sale presentation and its related components . the method includes administering two , different surveys . the first survey , the detail performance monitor survey , comprises an “ in the field ” test of how respondents are responding to various marketing strategies by tracking subsequent behavioral data of the respondents and comparing the behavioral data to the survey results . the second survey , the detail assessment survey , comprises an “ in the lab ” test of how various marketing strategies affect respondent attitude towards a product by comparing respondent attitude before and after presentation of a simulated “ detail ” that represents the marketing strategy . | 6 |
We present a simple and efficient phenomenological model for the two-dimensional two-point galaxy correlation function that works well over a wide range of scales, from large scales down to scales as small as 25 h<SUP>-1</SUP> Mpc. Our model incorporates non-linear effects and a scale-dependent galaxy bias on small scales, and it allows the redshift-space distortions to be scale and direction dependent. We validate our model using LasDamas mock catalogues and apply it to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release Seven (DR7) luminous red galaxies (LRGs). Using only the monopole and quadrupole of the correlation function measured from the SDSS DR7 LRGs, we obtain improved measurements H(z)r<SUB>s</SUB>(z<SUB>d</SUB>)/c = 0.0433 ± 0.0042, D<SUB>A</SUB>(z)/r<SUB>s</SUB>(z<SUB>d</SUB>) = 6.59 ± 0.46 and f (z)σ<SUB>8</SUB>(z) = 0.429 ± 0.089 at z = 0.35, using the scale range 25 < s < 120 h<SUP>-1</SUP> Mpc. We expect our results and model to be useful in tightening dark energy and gravity constraints from the full analysis of current and future galaxy clustering data. | 9 |
a tip turbine engine and a method of operating the engine provides increased efficiency while eliminating or educing the number of axial compressor stages by moving the core airflow inlet aft of the fan . as a result , the core airflow entering the core airflow inlet is the fan exhaust , which is already at an increased pressure . a portion of the fan exhaust is guided radially inward , then axially forward and then radially outward through compressor chambers in the hollow fan blades for further , centrifugal compression . | 5 |
there is provided a powder actuated tool effective to drive a metallic fastener into a workpiece , for example , a nail gun . the pressure to drive the fastener is generated by combustion of an flammable propellant mix that is ignited by a primer flash . the primer flash having been generated by ignition of a combustible gas by discharge of an electric arc in the tool barrel . the combustible gas is lead - free such that the operator and the environment are not exposed to dangerous lead residue during use . the use of a solid propellant generates higher pressure and more effective driving of the metallic fastener than is achieved with powder actuated tools driven solely by combustible gases . | 2 |
a method for fabrication of a high - voltage , high - frequency mos - transistor combines a deep n - well and a p - well process and the formation of an extended drain region , and a channel region , the channel having a short length and becoming well aligned with the gate edge . the deep n - well and the p - well are both produced by ion implantation . the method is compatible with a standard cmos process and gives low manufacturing costs , increased breakdown voltage , better overall high - frequency performance , and the prevention of the “ body effect ” occurring by isolation of the p - well . | 7 |
the present invention is directed to an improved system and method in which a pen - sized and shaped device detects , recognizes and stores handwriting as it is written by the device . the invention employs both an active feedback network and a character recognition methodology of partitioning detected input into character components . the active feedback network continually monitors device output to determine the sufficiency of the data input . if the data input is insufficient , the device modifies its detection methodology to obtain data the device readily recognizes . data recognition is performed in multiple asynchronous processes . elements of individual characters are sampled by the detector . character elements are processed and recognized on this elemental level . recognized character elements are stored for subsequent assembly and recognition on a character level . thus , preferably two recognition sub - processes take place , one on a character element level and another on a character level . | 6 |
We report on five compact, extremely young (<10 Myr) and blue (β<SUB>UV</SUB> < -2.5, F<SUB>λ</SUB> = λ<SUP>β</SUP>) objects observed with VLT/Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer at redshifts 3.1169 and 3.235, in addition to three objects at z = 6.145. These sources are strongly magnified (3-40 times) by the Hubble Frontier Field galaxy clusters MACS J0416 and AS1063. Their delensed half-light radii (R<SUB>e</SUB>) are between 16 and 140 pc, the stellar masses are ≃1-20 × 10<SUP>6</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>, the magnitudes are m<SUB>UV</SUB> = 28.8-31.4 (-17 < M<SUB>UV</SUB> < -15) and specific star formation rates can be as large as ∼800 Gyr<SUP>-1</SUP>. Remarkably, the inferred physical properties of two objects are similar to those expected in some globular cluster formation scenarios, representing the best candidate proto-GCs discovered so far. Rest-frame optical high-dispersion spectroscopy of one of them at z = 3.1169 yields a velocity dispersion σ<SUB>v</SUB> ≃ 20 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>, implying a dynamical mass dominated by the stellar mass. Another object at z = 6.145, with delensed M<SUB>UV</SUB> ≃ -15.3 (m<SUB>UV</SUB> ≃ 31.4), shows a stellar mass and a star formation rate surface density consistent with the values expected from popular GC formation scenarios. An additional star-forming region at z = 6.145, with delensed m<SUB>UV</SUB> ≃ 32, a stellar mass of 0.5 × 10<SUP>6</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> and a star formation rate of 0.06 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>-1</SUP> is also identified. These objects currently represent the faintest spectroscopically confirmed star-forming systems at z > 3, elusive even in the deepest blank fields. We discuss how proto-GCs might contribute to the ionization budget of the Universe and augment Lyα visibility during reionization. This work underlines the crucial role of JWST in characterizing the rest-frame optical and near-infrared properties of such low-luminosity high-z objects. | 9 |
a self - priming vane pump includes a cylindrical rotor disposed in a cavity in a housing including inlet and outlet ports . the rotor defines a plurality of axially extending slots which each receive one of a like plurality of vanes . a garter spring or similar resilient annulus is disposed within the rotor and provides a radially outwardly directed force on the vanes which maintains their contact with the cavity walls during pump start - up and rapidly self - primes the pump . the spring or annulus rests against a shoulder within the hollow rotor and is retained therein by a pressed in collar . | 5 |
Obtaining accurate and precise masses and ages for large numbers of giant stars is of great importance for unraveling the assemblage history of the Galaxy. In this paper, we estimate masses and ages of 6940 red giant branch (RGB) stars with asteroseismic parameters deduced from Kepler photometry and stellar atmospheric parameters derived from LAMOST spectra. The typical uncertainties of mass is a few per cent, and that of age is ∼20 per cent. The sample stars reveal two separate sequences in the age-[α/Fe] relation - a high-α sequence with stars older than ∼8 Gyr and a low-α sequence composed of stars with ages ranging from younger than 1 Gyr to older than 11 Gyr. We further investigate the feasibility of deducing ages and masses directly from LAMOST spectra with a machine learning method based on kernel based principal component analysis, taking a sub-sample of these RGB stars as a training data set. We demonstrate that ages thus derived achieve an accuracy of ∼24 per cent. We also explored the feasibility of estimating ages and masses based on the spectroscopically measured carbon and nitrogen abundances. The results are quite satisfactory and significantly improved compared to the previous studies. | 9 |
a manufacturing method and a thus produced white colored and a specified colored light - emitting devices are disclosed . the white colored led includes a resonant cavity structure , producing and mixing lights which may mix into a white colored light in the resonant cavity structure , so that the white colored led may be more accurately controlled in the hue of the generated white colored light , which efficiently reduces deficiency , generates a natural white colored light and aids in luminous efficiency promotion . the specified colored led is obtained in the similar manner as the white colored led . in addition to the resonant cavity structure , the light - emitting device also includes a contact layer , an n - type metal electrode and a p - type metal electrode . | 7 |
New release for SMART scientific computing manuscript. See 2.2.0 for updates from version 2.1 | 9 |
there is disclosed an improved method for making synthetic meixnerite having reduced carbonate contamination levels and a x - ray diffraction pattern resembling that shown in fig . 1 , the meixnerite is made by combining magnesium oxide and transition alumina , preferably an activated alumina powder having a bet surface area of about 100 m 2 / g or greater , in a substantially carbonate - free environment . | 2 |
a link member with wear crutch , the linking member including a pair of side arms and at least one integrally formed loop end portion , the inner surfaces of the side arms and loop end portion defining a friction surface , the inner surfaces of the respective side arms diverging from one another away from the loop end portion and the wear crutch including two curved surfaces arranged as an outer and an inner surface , the outer surface to abut a surface of the linking member in a loop end portion and the inner surface presenting a wear surface for the linking member , and whereby the outer and inner surfaces intersect one another at opposite ends of the wear crutch along common edge portions , and a pair of substantially parallel locating arms adapted to abut respective surfaces of the linking member such that said common edge portions each engage an adjacent arm in a substantially flush manner when the wear crutch is seated on the linking member . | 5 |
a capacitor in a semiconductor integrated circuit is fabricated having a fixed charge density introduced near an electrode / dielectric interface . the fixed charge density compensates for the effects of a depletion layer , which would otherwise lower the effective capacitance . by shifting the undesirable effect of the depletion capacitance outside of the operating voltage range , the capacitor is effectively converted to an accumulation mode . the fixed charge density is preferably introduced by a plasma nitridation process performed prior to formation of the capacitor dielectric . | 7 |
We present our sixth set of results from our mid-infrared imaging survey of Milky Way Giant HII regions with our detailed analysis of NGC 3603, the most luminous GHII region in the Galaxy. We used imaging data from the FORCAST instrument on the Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) at 20 and 37 microns which mapped the central ~8.5'x8.5' infrared-emitting area of NGC 3603 at a spatial resolution of <~3". Utilizing these SOFIA data in conjunction with multi-wavelength observations from the near-infrared to radio, including Spitzer-IRAC and Herschel-PACS archival data, we investigate the physical nature of individual infrared sources and sub-components within NGC 3603. For individual compact sources we used the multi-wavelength photometry data to construct spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and fit them with massive young stellar object (MYSO) SED models, and find 14 sources that are likely to be MYSOs. We also detect dust emission from the 3 massive proplyd candidates, as well as from the disk and outflow of the evolved blue supergiant, Sher 25. Utilizing multi-wavelength data, we derived luminosity-to-mass ratio and virial parameters for the star-forming clumps within NGC 3603, estimating their relative ages and finding that NGC 3603 is an older GHII region overall, compared to our previously studied GHII regions. We discuss how NGC 3603, which we categorize as a 'cavity-type' GHII region, exhibits a more modest number of MYSOs and molecular clumps when compared to the 'distributed-type' GHII regions that share similar Lyman continuum photon rates. | 9 |
the disclosure relates to a method for detecting a current comprising : generating a bias current , transmitting the bias current to a feedback stage and a measurement stage connected to the measurement node receiving a current to be measured , slaving a voltage to the measurement node at a constant value by the measurement and feedback stages , transmitting to an output stage , a current circulating in the measurement stage , which depends on the bias current and the current to be measured , and converting a current circulating in the output stage into a voltage . | 6 |
the present invention relates to display manufacturing technology , especially for a dielectric - free triode field emission display device based on double - gate / single - cathode type electron emission units and the device drive methods . this device comprises parallelly positioned anode and cathode / gate plates , during production , gate / cathode / gate electron emission units are set on the cathode / gate plate side by side . the spacing between cathode and gate electrodes is vacuum circumstance . for each cathode , an anode is positioned on the anode plate , facing the cathode . and the voltages applied on the cathode and gate electrodes are to scan and the anode voltage is to adjust the signal . when the electrodes on the cathode / gate plate take on fixed roles , fixed voltages are used to drive the device . when these electrodes on the cathode / gate plate can be used interchangeably as cathode or gate electrodes , respectively , pulse scanning method is used to drive the device . | 6 |
a method of providing a shelf - attached tag holder defining an upwardly - open slot for receiving a main price tag and further having a slip - fit top attachment system ; and placing a main price tag into the upwardly - open slot in a visible position . the method also includes temporarily attaching a supplemental information tag by sliding a top edge of the supplemental information tag into the downwardly - open front throat with a folded attachment flange providing positive engagement with the slip - fit top attachment system , with the supplemental information tag being positioned in front of the main price tag . the method also includes , after the step of temporarily attaching , a step of pulling the supplemental information price tag downwardly with sufficient force to overcome the positive engagement of the folded attachment flange to thus remove the supplemental information tag without disturbing the main price tag . | 6 |
recommendation systems are widely used in internet applications . in current recommendation systems , users only play a passive role and have limited control over the recommendation generation process . as a result , there is often considerable mismatch between the recommendations made by these systems and the actual user interests , which are fine - grained and constantly evolving . with a user - powered distributed recommendation architecture , individual users can flexibly define fine - grained communities of interest in a declarative fashion and obtain recommendations accurately tailored to their interests by aggregating opinions of users in such communities . by combining a progressive sampling technique with data perturbation methods , the recommendation system is both scalable and privacy - preserving . | 6 |
in an embodiment , an esd protection circuit may include a silicon - controlled rectifier and a diode sharing a pn junction and forming a bi - directional esd circuit . the single pn junction may reduce the capacitive load on the pin , which may allow the high speed circuit to meet its performance goals . in an embodiment , a floating p - well contact may be placed between two neighboring scrs , to control triggering of the scrs . | 7 |
a method for the continuous removal of gaseous or liquid impurities from waste gases from chemical industrial processing plants . the waste gases are passed upwardly through a closed vessel containing absorbent mass in the form of a biologically active material containing a quantity of actinomycetes globisporus and acting as a substrate for microorganisms having an aerobic metabolism . a heap of absorbent mass is maintained in the vessel by removing absorbent mass from the bottom of the vessel and reintroducing the removed absorbent mass at the top of the vessel . penicillium concentrate is added to the absorbent mass in order to reduce the content of halogenated impurities in the waste gases . | 1 |
the present invention relates to a method for reducing tin whisker formation in tin deposits by plating on an underlying metal tin deposits which are predominantly in a predetermined crystal orientation that essentially matches that of the underlying metal in order to inhibit tin whisker growth . the most preferred crystal orientation is one that is the same as that of the underlying metal . the deposit preferably contains at least 95 % tin and optionally at least one alloying element of silver , bismuth , copper or zinc in an amount of 5 % or less . advantageously , the tin deposits are provided during electroplating from a specially formulated plating solution . | 2 |
dual - axis swallowing accelerometry is an emerging tool for the assessment of dysphagia . these signals however can be very noisy as a result of physiological and motion artifacts . a novel scheme for denoising those signals is proposed , i . e ., a computationally efficient search for the optimal denoising threshold within a reduced wavelet subspace . to determine a viable subspace , the algorithm relies on the minimum value of the estimated upper bound for the reconstruction error . a numerical analysis of the proposed scheme using synthetic test signals demonstrated that the proposed scheme is computationally more efficient than minimum noiseless description length based de - noising . it also yields smaller reconstruction errors ratio ) than mndl , sure and donoho denoising methods . when applied to dual - axis swallowing accelerometry signals , the proposed scheme improves the snr values for dry , wet and wet chin tuck swallows . these results are important to the further development of medical devices based on dual - axis swallowing accelerometry signals . | 6 |
an improved mounting device for enabling a user to quickly and securely attach and detach an accessory to a magpul mlok rail of a firearm . in a preferred embodiment of the present invention , the device comprises an upper portion , a lower portion , and at least one locking mechanism to enable a user to quickly removably attach the improved mounting device to an mlok rail on a firearm . in a further preferred embodiment of the present invention , the device also comprises a side wedge and side wedge spring . | 5 |
a positive air system , for a fluid jetting device that jets a fluid in a fluid droplet path prevents the ingress of dust and debris to the fluid jetting device and further prevents the introduction of dust and debris into the fluid droplet path . the air system includes an enclosure having at least one wall defining a barrier and enclosing the fluid jetting device . the barrier defines a local environment . the at least one wall has a plurality of orifices formed therein that are configured to direct a stream of pressurized air therefrom in a direction that diverges from the fluid droplet path . the fluid droplet path and the pressurized air stream direction do not converge so that the pressurized air flowing from the orifices does not interfere with the fluid moving through the droplet path . | 1 |
a method for providing cooling air to the venturi and the combustion chamber in a low nox emission combustor as used in a gas turbine engine that includes the steps of providing an annular air passage surrounding said combustion chamber and venturi where said cooling air under pressure enters the combustion chamber / venturi near the aft portion of the combustion chamber , passing the air along the combustion chamber , past the venturi where the air exits near the front portion of the convergent area of the venturi . the method prevents any channel / passage cooling air from being received into the combustion chamber , and at the same time , introduces the outlet of the cooling air , after the air has passed over the combustion chamber of the venturi and has been heated , back into the premix chamber thereby improving the efficiency of the combustor while reducing and lowering nox emission in the combustion process . in an alternate embodiment , a combustion system is disclosed incorporating a shaped deflector to direct cooling air into a cooling passageway of a venturi . the deflector is configured to provide a cooling system with increased total pressure to increase overall cooling effectiveness . | 5 |
an integral gas compressor and internal combustion engine . the compressor is built by converting a portion of an internal combustion engine to a compressor by removing the original engine head and valve train and replacing these with a compressor head assembly . the compressor head assembly includes compressor valves and valve chairs for holding the compressor valves in place . an inlet manifold encloses all of the valve chairs and places all of the inlet flow paths through the valve chairs in communication with a gas source . the head defines a discharge passageway therethrough which is in communication with a discharge opening . a venting system is provided to vent any gas that might build up in the compressor due to leakage past the piston rings and to transfer this vented gas to a fuel inlet of the engine , as desired . an oil viscosity sensing system is provided for sensing the oil viscosity in the crankcase and shutting down the engine when the viscosity drops below a predetermined level . | 5 |
a floor cleaning unit having a housing and a removable caddy which may be mounted on and removed from the housing for storing accessories . the caddy includes a body which removably mounts to the housing . a connector assembly is included on the body for removably mounting the body on the housing . the connector assembly includes a slot for receiving a hook member attached to the housing . an accessory retainer is formed on the body for storing the floor cleaning unit accessories , whereby the caddy and the floor cleaning unit accessories stored thereon may be slidably removed from the floor cleaning unit by merely applying a force to the body . | 0 |
thermoplastic tape is stretched by a rotating disk having slots extending radially outward from the center of rotation of the disk . the tape is gripped by clips which are moved outwardly in the slots by a cam slot as the disk rotates . the clips grip the tape throughout a length which forms relatively thick and wide unstretched portions of tape with relatively thin and narrow central portions of stretched tape between said clips . | 1 |
Photoevaporation of planet-forming discs by high-energy radiation from the central star is potentially a crucial mechanism for disc evolution and it may play an important role in the formation and evolution of planetary systems. We present here a new generation of X-ray photoevaporation models for solar-type stars, based on hydrodynamical simulations, which account for stellar irradiation via a significantly improved parametrization of gas temperatures, based on detailed photoionization and radiation transfer calculations. This is the first of a series of papers aiming at providing a library of models which cover the observed parameter space in stellar and disc mass, metallicity, and stellar X-ray properties. We focus here on solar-type stars (0.7 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>) with relatively low-mass discs (1 per cent of the stellar mass) and explore the dependence of the wind mass-loss rates on stellar X-ray luminosity. We model primordial discs and transition discs at various stages of evolution. Our two-dimensional hydrodynamical models are then used to derive simple recipes for the mass-loss rates that are suitable for one-dimensional disc evolution and/or planet formation models typically employed for population synthesis studies. Line profiles from typical wind diagnostics ([O I]6300 Å and [Ne II]12.8 μm) are also calculated for our models and found to be roughly in agreement with previous studies. Finally, we perform a population study of transition discs by means of one-dimensional viscous evolution models including our new photoevaporation prescription and find that roughly a half of observed transition discs cavities and accretion rates could be reproduced by our models. | 9 |
a dtv transmitter includes a pre - processor pre - processing enhanced data , a data formatter generating enhanced data packets including known data , a multiplexer multiplexing the enhanced data packets with main data packets , a data randomizer randomizing the multiplexed data packets , an rs encoder rs - encoding the randomized data packets , and a data interleaver interleaving the rs - coded data packets , where a plurality of known data sequences are included in the interleaved enhanced data packets . finally , the dtv transmitter further includes an enhanced encoder which codes each block of enhanced data placed between any two of the known data sequences and bypasses the interleaved main data packets . | 7 |
a fluid shear coupling apparatus including a driving member comprising a rotor mounted to a shaft . a driven member including a bearing housing is mounted to the shaft . a complementary surface between the driven member and the driving member is provided between which a shear fluid provides variable coupling according to the proportion of fluid in the reservoir vis - a - vis the fluid shear chamber defined by the complementary surface . a temperature responsive valve is provided to modulate the shear fluid level . the valve may modulate an overlapping inlet having a constant area . an overlap inlet may be define by an arcuate slot or by a fixed size valve aperture . the valve may be pivotable on a valve axis which is eccentric to , and radially outward of , the common axis of the driving and driven members . temperature responsive rotation of the valve member may be provided by coupling links or by gearing mechanism . | 5 |
<BR /> Aims: The circumnuclear disk (CND) of the Galactic center is exposed to many energetic phenomena coming from the supermassive black hole Sgr A* and from stellar activities. These energetic activities can affect the chemical composition in the CND through interaction with UV photons, cosmic rays, X-rays, and shock waves. We aim to constrain the physical conditions present in the CND through chemical modeling of observed molecular species detected toward it. <BR /> Methods: We analyzed a selected set of molecular line data taken toward a position in the southwest lobe of the CND with the IRAM 30m and APEX 12-m telescopes and derived the column density of each molecule via a large velocity gradient (LVG) analysis. The determined chemical composition is compared with a time-dependent, gas-grain chemical model based on the UCL_CHEM code,which includes the effects of shock waves with varying physical parameters. <BR /> Results: We detect molecules, such as CO, HCN, HCO<SUP>+</SUP>, HNC, CS, SO, SiO, NO, CN, H<SUB>2</SUB>CO, HC<SUB>3</SUB>N, N<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUP>+</SUP>, and H<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUP>+</SUP>, and obtain their column densities. Total hydrogen densities obtained from LVG analysis range between 2 × 10<SUP>4</SUP> and 1 × 10<SUP>6</SUP>cm<SUP>-3</SUP> and most species indicate values around several × 10<SUP>5</SUP>cm<SUP>-3</SUP>. These values are lower than those corresponding to the Roche limit, which shows that the CND is tidally unstable. The chemical models show good agreement with the observations in cases where the density is ~10<SUP>4</SUP>cm<SUP>-3</SUP>, the cosmic-ray ionization rate is high, > 10<SUP>-15</SUP>s<SUP>-1</SUP>, or shocks with velocities > 40 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> have occurred. <BR /> Conclusions: Comparison of models and observations favors a scenario where the cosmic-ray ionization rate in the CND is high, but precise effects of other factors, such as shocks, density structures, UV photons, and X-rays from the Sgr A*, must be examined with higher spatial resolution data. <P />Based on observations carried out with the IRAM 30 m Telescope. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany) and IGN (Spain). | 9 |
a computer based system for testing an optical monitoring system includes a program having program instruction and optical monitoring system parameters , for implementing a plurality of tests of an optical monitoring system . a computer includes at least one processor for executing the program instructions , storage components for storing program instructions and test data , including the optical system parameters , a user input for inputting commands , and a display for displaying a menu of available test commands , test results and other data . an interface is provided for interfacing the optical monitoring system to tile computer for exchange of control and data signals . a fixture is provided for mounting the optical monitoring system during testing . | 6 |
Soils comprise the largest terrestrial carbon (C) pool, containing both organic and inorganic C. Soil inorganic carbon (SIC) was frequently disregarded because (1) it is partly heritage from soil parent material, (2) it undergoes slow formation processes and (3) has very slow exchange with atmospheric CO<SUB>2</SUB>. The global importance of SIC, however, is reflected by the fact that SIC links the long-term geological C cycle with the fast biotic C cycle, and this linkage is ongoing in soils. Furthermore, the importance of SIC is at least as high as that of soil organic carbon (SOC) especially in semiarid and arid climates, where SIC comprises the largest C pool. Considering the origin, formation processes and morphology, carbonates in soils are categorized into three groups: geogenic carbonates (GC), biogenic carbonates (BC) and pedogenic carbonates (PC). In this review we summarize the available data and theories on forms and formation processes of PC and relate them to environmental factors. After describing the general formation principles of PC, we present the specific forms and formation processes for PC features and the possibilities to use them to reconstruct soil-forming factors and processes. The following PC are described in detail: earthworm biospheroliths, rhizoliths and calcified roots, hypocoatings, nodules, clast coatings, calcretes and laminar caps. <P />The second part of the review focuses on the isotopic composition of PC: δ<SUP>13</SUP>C, Δ<SUP>14</SUP>C and δ<SUP>18</SUP>O, as well as clumped <SUP>13</SUP>C and <SUP>18</SUP>O isotopes known as Δ<SUB>47</SUB>. The isotopic signature of PC enables reconstructing the formation environment: the dominating vegetation (δ<SUP>13</SUP>C), temperature (δ<SUP>18</SUP>O and Δ<SUB>47</SUB>), and the age of PC formation (Δ<SUP>14</SUP>C). The uncertainties in reconstructional and dating studies due to PC recrystallization after formation are discussed and simple approaches to consider recrystallization are summarized. <P />Finally, we suggest the most important future research directions on PC, including the anthropogenic effects of fertilization and soil management. In conclusion, PC are an important part of SIC that reflect the time, periods and formation processes in soils. A mechanistic understanding of PC formation is a prerequisite to predict terrestrial C stocks and changes in the global C cycle, and to link the long-term geological with short-term biological C cycles. | 9 |
a system for identification and monitoring of , and obtaining data including location and status data relating to , assets of or in the establishment including mobile property such as food trays , shoe trays or luggage within the establishment or persons temporarily residing or working in the establishment , where the establishment typically has multiple rooms for temporary occupancy and wherein each room has a doorway for access to a common access path to the rooms . in particular the system may be characterized as including a wireless first communicator mounted in association with each room so as to be within a communication enabling proximity to the access path for example adjacent the corresponding doorway for each room , and at least one wireless interactive second communicator , which may be handheld , for use in association with an asset of the establishment . a plurality of the first communicators are thus spaced apart along the access path to the rooms , and for example on the outside of the rooms or otherwise so as to be within the communication enabling proximity to the access path for communication between the first and second communicators . in preferred embodiments each of the first communicators cooperates in wireless communication with each second communicator when the second communicator is in communication enabling proximity to the first communicator . | 6 |
the interleaved dipulse sequence generating apparatus decomposes the data pulses of a data transmission or recording channel into pairs of spaced apart subpulses denoted as dipulses . the dipulses are interleaved or nested with respect to each other and without interference therebetween to provide an interleaved dipulse sequence signal which is conveyed on the channel . | 6 |
a matrix of columns and rows of conductors with transistors located at the intersection thereof on a semiconductor chip is formed utilizing the washed emitter process which locates the ohmic contact windows close to the pn junction so that a small size piece of free metal , i . e ., not connected to any other conductor , may be located within a shot distance , i . e ., one micron or less , to the pn junction selected to be fused during the programming of a read only memory . the small size of the free metal as near as possible to this pn junction minimizes heat losses , reduces power consumption and reduces programming errors normally incurred in the programming of read only memories . | 7 |
The search for biosignatures on exoplanets connects the fields of biology and biochemistry to astronomical observation, with the hope that we might detect evidence of active biological processes on worlds outside the solar system. Here we focus on a complementary aspect of exoplanet characterization connecting astronomy to prebiotic chemistry: the search for molecules associated with the origin of life, prebiosignatures. Prebiosignature surveys in planetary atmospheres offer the potential to both constrain the ubiquity of life in the galaxy and provide important tests of current prebiotic syntheses outside of the laboratory setting. Here, we quantify the minimum abundance of identified prebiosignature molecules that would be required for detection by transmission spectroscopy using JWST. We consider prebiosignatures on five classes of terrestrial planets: an ocean planet, a volcanic planet, a post-impact planet, a super-Earth, and an early-Earth analog. Using a novel modeling and detection test pipeline, with simulated JWST noise, we find the detection thresholds of hydrogen cyanide ( $\mathrm{HCN}$ ), hydrogen sulfide (H<SUB>2</SUB>S), cyanoacetylene (HC<SUB>3</SUB>N), ammonia (NH<SUB>3</SUB>), methane (CH<SUB>4</SUB>), acetylene (C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB>), sulfur dioxide (SO<SUB>2</SUB>), nitric oxide (NO), formaldehyde (CH<SUB>2</SUB>O), and carbon monoxide (CO) in a variety of low-mean-molecular-weight (<5) atmospheres. We test the dependence of these detection thresholds on an M dwarf target star and the number of observed transits, finding that a modest number of transits (1-10) are required to detect prebiosignatures in numerous candidate planets, including TRAPPIST-1e with a high-mean-molecular-weight atmosphere. We find that the Near Infrared Spectrograph G395M/H instrument is best suited for detecting most prebiosignatures. | 9 |
a lighting device comprising a base part with a first magnetic material , and a second part is disclosed . the second part comprises a light source , and a nonmagnetic shell defining an essentially closed cavity , the light source and the nonmagnetic shell being in a fixed positional relationship , wherein the essentially closed cavity encloses a second magnetic material displaceable therein . this provides a lighting device in which the user may readily position the light source with a large degree of freedom . | 5 |
We present the results of a new reverberation mapping campaign for the broad-line active galactic nucleus (AGN) in the edge-on spiral IC 4329A. Monitoring of the optical continuum with V-band photometry and broad emission-line flux variability with moderate-resolution spectroscopy allowed emission-line light curves to be measured for Hβ, Hγ, and He II λ4686. We find a time delay of ${16.3}_{-2.3}^{+2.6}$ days for Hβ, a similar time delay of ${16.0}_{-2.6}^{+4.8}$ days for Hγ, and an unresolved time delay of $-{0.6}_{-3.9}^{+3.9}$ days for He II. The time delay for Hβ is consistent with the predicted value from the relationship between AGN luminosity and broad-line region radius, after correction for the ~2.4 mag of intrinsic extinction at 5100 Å. Combining the measured time delay for Hβ with the broad emission-line width and an adopted value of <f> = 4.8, we find a central supermassive black hole mass of ${M}_{\mathrm{BH}}={6.8}_{-1.1}^{+1.2}\times {10}^{7}$ M <SUB>⊙</SUB>. Velocity-resolved time delays were measured across the broad Hβ emission-line profile and may be consistent with an "M"-like shape. Modeling of the full reverberation response of Hβ was able to provide only modest constraints on some parameters, but does exhibit agreement with the black hole mass and average time delay. The models also suggest that the AGN structure is misaligned by a large amount from the edge-on galaxy disk. This is consistent with expectations from the unified model of AGNs, in which broad emission lines are expected to be visible only for AGNs that are viewed at relatively face-on inclinations. | 9 |
a raster pattern for reading bar code symbols is created by successively reflecting a light beam off scan mirrors oscillated respectively by a resonant motor drive and by another motor drive driven synchronously with the resonant drive . | 6 |
there is disclosed a visible emission spectrum generating assembly for a gaseous mixture comprising a chamber for receiving the gases to be analyzed , electrodes positioned externally about the chamber and longitudinally disposed with respect to one another , an rf energy source connected to the electrodes to establish a current therebetween for generating the visible emission spectra of the gaseous mixture to be analyzed and at least one photodetector device disposed proximate the chamber to receive the thus generated light or visible emission spectra . the process and apparatus of the present invention also include a data processing device for evaluating the spectral signals received by the photodetector device and suitable display and / or recording assemblies . | 6 |
Galaxy morphology is shaped by stellar activity, feedback, gas and dust properties, and interactions with surroundings, and can therefore provide insight into these processes. In this paper, we study the spatial offsets between stellar and interstellar medium emission in a sample of 54 main-sequence star-forming galaxies at z ~ 4-6 observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and drawn from the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate C<SUP>+</SUP> at Early times (ALPINE). We find no significant spatial offset for the majority (~ 70 per cent) of galaxies in the sample among any combination of [C II], far-infrared continuum, optical, and ultraviolet emission. However, a fraction of the sample (~ 30 per cent) shows offsets larger than the median by more than 3σ significance (compared to the uncertainty on the offsets), especially between [C II] and ultraviolet emission. We find that these significant offsets are of the order of ~0.5-0.7 arcsec, corresponding to ~3.5-4.5 kiloparsecs. The offsets could be caused by a complex dust geometry, strong feedback from stars and active galactic nuclei, large-scale gas inflow and outflow, or a combination of these phenomena. However, our current analysis does not definitively constrain the origin. Future, higher resolution ALMA and JWST observations may help resolve the ambiguity. Regardless, since there exist at least some galaxies that display such large offsets, galaxy models and spectral energy distribution fitting codes cannot assume co-spatial emission in all main-sequence galaxies, and must take into account that the observed emission across wavelengths may be spatially segregated. | 9 |
an oil pump organization for an internal combustion engine is described in which the pump rotor is operatively connected to a transmission gear shaft in order to eliminate the need for a pump drive shaft and to thereby reduce engine space requirements . | 5 |
We examine the gas content of field dwarf galaxies in a high-resolution cosmological simulation. In agreement with previous work, we find that galaxies inhabiting dark matter haloes with mass below a critical value, M<SUB>200</SUB> ≲ M<SUB>crit</SUB> ≈ 5 × 10<SUP>9</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>, are quiescent at the present day. The gas content of these galaxies is thus insensitive to feedback from evolving stars. Almost half of these quiescent systems today have gas masses much smaller than that expected for their mass. We find that gas-deficient galaxies originate from (1) past interactions with massive hosts, in which a dwarf loses gas and dark matter via tidal and ram-pressure forces; and (2) from hydrodynamic interactions with the gaseous filaments and sheets of the cosmic web, in which a dwarf loses gas via ram pressure. We refer to these systems as 'flybys' and 'COSWEBs'. Flybys locate in high-density regions, tracing the location of the most massive galaxies in the simulation. In contrast, COSWEBs are dispersed throughout the volume and trace the cosmic web. For sub-critical systems, M<SUB>200</SUB> < M<SUB>crit</SUB>, the fraction of COSWEB galaxies can be as high as $35 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, and much higher for flybys, which make up 100 per cent of the galaxies with $M_{200}\lt 3\times 10^8 \ \rm M_{\odot }$. The deficit of gas caused by these mechanisms may preclude the detection of a large fraction of field dwarfs in future H I surveys. For galaxies inhabiting haloes with mass M<SUB>200</SUB> > M<SUB>crit</SUB>, we find that cosmic web stripping, on average, shuts down star formation in more than $70{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the affected systems. | 9 |
We investigate the prospects for using the weak lensing bispectrum alongside the power spectrum to control systematic uncertainties in a Euclid-like survey. Three systematic effects are considered: the intrinsic alignment of galaxies, uncertainties in the means of tomographic redshift distributions, and multiplicative bias in the measurement of the shear signal. We find that the bispectrum is very effective in mitigating these systematic errors. Varying all three systematics simultaneously, a joint power spectrum and bispectrum analysis reduces the area of credible regions for the cosmological parameters Ω<SUB>m</SUB> and σ<SUB>8</SUB> by a factor of 90 and for the two parameters of a time-varying dark energy equation of state by a factor of almost 20, compared with the baseline approach of using the power spectrum alone and of imposing priors consistent with the accuracy requirements specified for Euclid. We also demonstrate that including the bispectrum self-calibrates all three systematic effects to the stringent levels required by the forthcoming generation of weak lensing surveys, thereby reducing the need for external calibration data. | 9 |
filtering apparatus including two or more passages acting in parallel , each having an extended filter which passes through inlet and outlet ports preferably sealed by substantially solidified plugs of the flowable substance such as polymer being filtered . the flow of such substance through an initially open passage can be terminated so as to permit filter advance under conditions of zero pressure drop whilst flow through the other passage or passages continues . in an additional or alternative mode , flow from a common inlet into a passage is terminated and a secondary outlet conduit in that passage is opened . this creates a counterflow caused by the pressure of substance from the other passage or passages which cleans the filter . either or any passage or conduit is sealed or valved by a substantially solidified valve plug made of the flowable substance being filtered , said plug being extrudable subsequently when the passage or conduit requires opening to flow . a valve suitable for use in a secondary outlet has a side passage in which a valve plug is formed of a flowable substance in a sufficiently solidified state , having also means for forcing the valve plug into the flow so that the flow of substance can be stopped . a diverter valve may be constructed from two or more such flow valves . | 1 |
a tire chain container and mounting aid is disclosed which includes a pair of hollow shells which , when fastened together in open - face - to - open - face relation , form a closed container capable of containing both of the anti - skid tire chains used in connection with a particular motor vehicle , and which are so contoured and of such structural strength as to be capable of serving as ramps onto which the rear wheels of the motor vehicle may be driven to facilitate mounting of the tire chains . | 1 |
a method and apparatus for achieving electrical conductivity that can , for instance , obviate the need for the use of two hands to make a measurement of electrical properties across two contacts that do not lend themselves to the acceptance of clip - on leads , or across contacts that are located where access is difficult . probes constructed partially with ferromagnetic materials and small permanent magnets provide the connectivity and conductivity of the present invention . | 6 |
there is provided a flooring article having a composite structure , whose soft secondary backing material and mesh fabric prevent damage to the floor on which the article is placed and which prevent the flooring article from sliding during use . the soft backing material prevents the flooring on which the rug is placed from being scratched or abraded by the article . the mesh fabric , when incorporated in the flooring composite , prevents the finished article from sliding across the flooring surface during use . | 1 |
an outer garment , worn over a jacket and other clothing , for additional warmth . the garment comprises apertures or openings instead of sleeves to allow a user to tuck his arms into the garment like a blanket , or extend his arms through the apertures noiselessly . the garment further includes interior pockets that are shaped and angled to accommodate a user to comfortably who is wearing mittens . the garment is used for hunters and sporting event spectators , to provide comfort in extreme weather conditions . | 0 |
a process and system are set forth for improving an oxygen - enriched claus plant by introducing a water stream into the reaction furnace to moderate oxygen - induced high temperatures which allow oxygen - enrichment and attendant throughput in the claus plant to higher levels than heretobefore practiced . | 2 |
the present invention provides a computer implemented method for generating translatable and accessible multimedia presentations . the method can include transforming a presentation master file defining a multimedia presentation into each of a text file and a variables file , generating a plurality of slides for a slide show with text strings from the text file and imagery and audiovisual elements from the variables file , and launching the slide show . transforming a presentation master file into each of a text file and a variables file can include additionally transforming the presentation master file into a visual markup language document emulating the multimedia presentation . as such , in an aspect of the embodiment , the method further can include detecting an assistive technology , and rendering the visual markup language document in lieu of the slide show . | 6 |
Recent observations indicate that hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) often display bumpy declining light curves. However, the cause of these undulations remains unclear. In this paper, we have improved the magnetar model, which includes flare activities. We present a systematic analysis of a well-observed SLSN-I sample with bumpy light curves in their late phase. These SLSNe-I were identified from multiple transient surveys, such as the Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey and the Zwicky Transient Facility. Our study provides a set of magnetar-powered model light curve fits for five SLSNe-I, which accurately reproduce the observed light curves using reasonable physical parameters. By extracting the essential characteristics of both the explosions and central engines, these fits provide valuable insights into investigating their potential association with gamma-ray burst engines. We found that the SLSN flares tend to be the dim and long extension of GRB flares in the peak luminosity versus peak time plane. Conducting large-scale, high-cadence surveys in the near future could enhance our comprehension of both SLSN undulating light curve properties and their potential relationship with GRBs by modeling their light curve characteristics. | 9 |
a conveyor guide rail support device comprising an elongated stainless steel sleeve and a structural plastic member integrally molded in the sleeve having at least one end extending outward of the sleeve to form one side of a compression clamp . a mating side of the compression clamp is separately molded and releasably coupled to the integrally formed side using a threaded fastener which engages a nut integrally molded within one side of the clamp . each side of the compression clamp is also formed with an alignment apparatus which allows the two sides of the compression clamp to be aligned when brought together into compression using the threaded fastener . | 1 |
No description provided. | 9 |
We present the first set of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) observed on multiple nights in data taken from the DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project (DEEP). Of these 110 TNOs, 105 do not coincide with previously known TNOs and appear to be new discoveries. Each individual detection for our objects resulted from a digital tracking search at TNO rates of motion, using two to four hour exposure sets, and the detections were subsequently linked across multiple observing seasons. This procedure allows us to find objects with magnitudes $m_{VR} \approx 26$. The object discovery processing also included a comprehensive population of objects injected into the images, with a recovery and linking rate of at least $94\%$. The final orbits were obtained using a specialized orbit fitting procedure that accounts for the positional errors derived from the digital tracking procedure. Our results include robust orbits and magnitudes for classical TNOs with absolute magnitudes $H \sim 10$, as well as a dynamically detached object found at 76 au (semi-major axis $a\approx 77 \, \mathrm{au}$). We find a disagreement between our population of classical TNOs and the CFEPS-L7 three component model for the Kuiper belt. | 9 |
a method and apparatus for controlling the rotational speed and phase of a synchronous motor is provided by sensing the motion of the poles with respect to the stator to provide sensor signals . the sensor signals are converted to sensor pulses and compared to constant pulses . driving pulses are generated so that if the poles run ahead , a braking moment is generated , and if the poles lag behind , an accelerating moment is generated . | 6 |
disclosed herein is a tire handler for the movement and manipulation of tires and wheels for large vehicles . the tire handler is lifted by a crane or similar hoisting equipment . the tire handler comprises improvements including an automatic leveling system , power adjustable tire control and support arms , and wireless remote operation of powered functions . | 1 |
a process is disclosed for the conversion of carbon monoxide in sour synthesis gas mixtures in the presence of a catalyst which is active in the presence of sulfur compounds . the catalyst comprises known sulfactive metal oxides or sulfides supported on a shaped carrier . the catalytically active oxides or sulfides are doubly promoted with an alkali metal compound and an oxide or sulfide of manganese . the two promoters combined in proper ratio provide a synergistic effect on the activity of the catalyst which is enhanced beyond that of the singly promoted catalyst . the catalysts are active at relatively low temperatures of less than 500 ° f ., even in the presence of sulfur compounds . the equilibrium for the conversion of steam and carbon monoxide to hydrogen and co 2 is favored at lower temperatures . | 8 |
a well instrumentation system , comprising : a power and data supply ; and a plurality of functional units attached to the power and data supply and distributed throughout the well , characterised in that the power and data supply comprises first and second substantially identical cables , and in that each unit comprises a first power supply channel and a first data channel connected to the first cable , a second power supply channel and a second data channel connected to the second cable , and a functional module which draws power from the first power supply channel or the second power channel module , and data from the first data channel or the second data channel . the power and data supply can comprise a surface unit that can be selectably connected to either the first or second cable . the selection of connection of the surface unit to one or other cable is effective to select the corresponding power and data channels in the functional units . | 4 |
method and device for blow molding containers , wherein a preform made of a thermoplastic material is shaped to give a container using blow molding pressure in a blow mold once the preform has been subjected to a thermal conditioning step in the region of a heating section along a transport path , and wherein at least one parameter characterizing the blow molding process is measured and supplied to a control device which acts upon at least one adjusting element to change at least one parameter influencing the blow molding process . the control device calculates at least one property of the finished blow - molded container based on the measured parameters characterizing the blow molding process and using a simulation model and compares said property with a set value . based on a possible deviation between the set value and the actual value , the parameter influencing the blow molding process is changed such that a possible remaining deviation is minimized . | 1 |
a broadband multibit digital radio - frequency signal is synthesized digitally . to convert the digital signal to a high - power analog signal for rf transmission . each bit of the digital signal is first separately amplified using a fast switching amplifier with a controlled dc power supply voltage . the dc voltages are weighted to match the significance of the bits , and controlled by a set of calibrated dc reference sources to maintain high precision . the amplified digital signals from the various bits are then combined and passed through an appropriate analog filter to generate the rf signal to be transmitted . such a signal can exhibit broad bandwidth , high dynamic range , excellent linearity , and low noise . preferred embodiments of this system can incorporate superconducting electronic elements . for ultimate precision , a set of primary or secondary dc voltage standards can be used to regulate the switching amplifier supply voltages . | 7 |
process for the industrial synthesis of compounds of formula : wherein r and r ′ which are the same or different , each represent linear or branched alkyl . application to the synthesis of bivalent salts of ranelic acid and more especially strontium ranelate and its hydrates . | 2 |
the invention relates to an apparatus for growing thin films onto the surface of a substrate by exposing the substrate to alternately repeated surface reactions of vapor - phase reactants . the apparatus comprises at least one process chamber having a tightly sealable structure , at least one reaction chamber having a structure suitable for adapting into the interior of said process chamber and comprising a reaction space of which at least a portion is movable , infeed means connectable to said reaction space for feeding said reactants into said reaction space , and outfeed means connectable to said reaction space for discharging excess reactants and reaction gases from said reaction space , and at least one substrate adapted into said reaction space . at least one loading chamber is arranged to cooperate with said process chamber so as to permit said reaction space or a portion thereof to be moved into said process chamber and away from said process chamber and , further , the operating pressure of the loading chamber is arranged to be controllable independently from said pressure chamber . | 8 |
a filament winding apparatus comprising an arm pivotable to traverse a filament guide longitudinally of a mandrel , the guide being pivotally mounted on the arm , and the pivotal motions of the arm and guide being derived from a common rotatable member with a phase difference such that the guide is maintained in advance of the arm in the direction of travel of the latter . | 1 |
the invention concerns a receiver , and a method for channel switching at the receiver , the method comprising the steps of switching to a channel transporting a program encoded into groups of pictures , receiving the program into a first stream and a second stream , the first stream being encoded with successive first group of pictures , first gop , the second stream being encoded with successive second group of pictures , second gop , each one of the second gop corresponding to a first gop and being a subset of the first gop , each gop starting with an intra - frame picture , selecting , between the first stream and the second stream , the picture that is decoded , and displaying the picture . | 7 |
apparatus for determining inter - pen offsets in a multiple pen ink jet printer including a piezoelectric ink drop detector having a piezoelectric detector film having one or more openings formed therein . a carriage position sensor indicates the position of the carriage at the time a first ink drop is detected from each of the ink jet pens as the pens are scanned across an opening , whereby the sensed positions for the respective pens provides information indicative of inter - pen offset in the scan direction . for determination of inter - pen offset in the media scan direction , the piezoelectric film includes a plurality of openings , whereby the detect / no detect patterns for each of the pens provides information indicative of the inter - pen offsets . | 8 |
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