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each of multiple solar cell arrays has a face oriented differently relative to the direction from which solar radiation is incident on a motor vehicle and a characteristic voltage / current output correlated with the intensity of incident solar radiation for converting the incident solar radiation into electricity . a processor processes data related to the voltage / current output from each array as the array is converting solar radiation into electricity for selectively connecting the arrays in configurations correlated with the intensity of incident solar radiation . the arrays provide supplemental electricity to keep the vehicle battery charged preventing certain small loads from draining the battery while the vehicle is parked with its engine off . the arrays can be advantageously mounted in outside rearview mirror assemblies . | 7 |
a submersible mooring buoy for a floating vessel comprises a compartmented hull ; a plurality of non - buoyant , catenary anchor lines each connected to the hull and a spring buoy such that the hull may be submerged without sinking to the seafloor by flooding selected compartments ; and , a plurality of mooring legs anchoring each spring buoy to the seafloor . | 1 |
a film strip , as for example photograph film , is treated to remove static and dust thereon by directing gaseous streams across opposite film surfaces , and by distributing ions into the gas streams to be carried into contact with the film opposite surfaces , for neutralizing the static and enabling dust to be blown off such surfaces . | 7 |
a mechanism for use in counterbalancing a shelf or the like incident to vertical movement thereof along a trackway featuring a linkage assembly and coupling assemblies for effecting a relatively large displacement of the shelf incident to a relatively small displacement of a shelf counterbalance spring . the shelf is mounted on the trackway by followers carrying a manual brake releasably engageable with the trackway . | 1 |
an error correction code for encoding the presence of a special uncorrectable error as well as its type . in the encoder , modification logic modifies the regular data symbols to indicate the type of special uncorrectable error . the encoder appends to the regular data symbols a special uncorrectable error symbol indicating the presence of a special uncorrectable error to form an extended data word , which is encoded to generate a code word . in the decoder , a syndrome generator generates a syndrome vector using an assumed value for the special uncorrectable error symbol indicating the absence of a special uncorrectable error , while a syndrome decoder determines the presence of the special uncorrectable error by determining the presence of an error in the assumed value of the special uncorrectable error symbol . by so using its error detection logic , the decoder makes it unnecessary to actually store or transmit the special uncorrectable error symbol . | 6 |
disclosed is a compact heat exchanger particularly useful in a vaporizer application , such as a liquefied petroleum gas fuel system . the working fluid side of the exchanger includes a vapor film area of restricted cross section , which may be located at the upstream end , downstream end , or in a mid - region of the exchanger . the vapor film area effectively dams or blocks passage of liquid droplets and thereby aids in the vaporization process . | 5 |
Eclipsing binary systems are significant objects for astrophysics in that direct observations can determine the fundamental parameters of stars. In this study, we determined precisely the fundamental parameters of the binary component stars obtained by simultaneous analysis of radial velocities and the {\it TESS} light curve using the Wilson and Devinney code. Following the analysis, the masses and radii of the primary and secondary components were determined as $M_{1}= 1.58\pm 0.01M_\odot$, $M_{2}= 0.48\pm0.02M_\odot$, and $R_{1}=1.93\pm 0.01R_\odot$, $R_{2}= 1.14\pm 0.01 R_\odot$, respectively. Furthermore, the distance of IS CMa is calculated as $92.7\pm6.5$ pc. On the basis of the analysis of the mid-eclipse times, it was found that the variation in the orbital period is represented by an upward parabola. It has an increasing rate of $dP/dt$ = 1.09 $\times$ 10$^{-7}$ day yr$^{-1}$. Using PARSEC stellar evolutionary tracks and isochrones with solar metallicity were estimated the age of IS CMa as $1.3\pm0.1$ Gyr. Kinematic and Galactic orbital parameters of IS CMa were obtained from the astrometric and spectroscopic data of the system. The Galactic orbit analysis reveals that IS CMa formed inside the solar circle and it is a member of the young thin-disc population. | 9 |
a multimedia display process executing in a mobile device traps user input signals to allow switching from display of multimedia to another task without requiring manual termination of the multimedia display process by the user . | 7 |
a telecommunications network comprising first and second access equipment on one side of the network and third and fourth access equipment on another side of the network , a respective communication link is provided between the first and the third access equipment and between the second and fourth access equipment , and further , a communication link is provided between the first and the second access equipment , and between the third and fourth access equipment , each access equipment providing an interface for communication with the network , and each access equipment is configured to be capable of causing a change in the path followed by at least some of the traffic conveyed over the communication links . | 7 |
a beamformer for an array of sonar transducers , or electromagnetic radiating elements , includes mixers for translating the signals received by the transducers to a lower frequency . the beamformer incorporates delay lines operating at a clock rate which is reduced in proportion to the decrease in frequency . each delay line provides delays to the signals of corresponding ones of the transducers in accordance with the time of arrival of a wavefront of radiation upon the respective transducers . phase shifters coupled between the mixers and the delay lines impart phase shifts to the transducer signals proportional to the respective delays to compensate for the lowering of the frequency . | 6 |
the present invention provides a method for reducing spreading of a pulse in a transmission line , said spreading being as a result of polarization mode dispersion , comprising inducing predetermined polarization rotations of particle or wave components of the pulse in the transmission line . | 6 |
a reset control device for an electronic device having a battery for providing operating power for a system circuit is provided . the reset control device includes a signal generating unit for generating a control signal , and a control module installed in the battery and coupled to the signal generating unit for disconnecting a power supply link between the battery and the system circuit for a predetermined duration and recovering the power supply link , when the control signal conforms to a predefined rule , so as to reset the system circuit . | 6 |
a process is provided for the desulfurization of residual oil by separating the residual oil into a first and a second fraction ; reacting the first fraction with hydrogen over a hydrodesulfurization catalyst in a first reaction zone at hydrodesulfurization conditions such that a liquid effluent of lower sulfur content than the residual oil is obtained ; combining the hydrodesulfurization liquid effluent with the second residual oil fraction ; and reacting the resultant mixture over a hydrogenation / dehydrogenation catalyst in a second reaction zone at hydrogen transfer conditions . this process provides for desulfurization of residual oils at lower hydrogen consumptions than conventional processes . | 2 |
the present invention relates to the formulations of ester derivatives of capsaicin and ester derivatives of myristoleic acid . these derivatives are capable of reverting to the active parent compound following enzymatic or chemical hydrolysis . these derivatives have a higher lipophilicity , lipid solubility and less irritation to the skin than the parent compound , and hence are better able to be incorporated into certain pharmaceutical formulations , including cream and ointment pharmaceutical formulations . the pharmaceutical compositions are useful for pain management in mammals in vivo and have been contemplated to be used in the treatment of various pains in humans . | 0 |
a process for coloring high - volumes of sand , stone , and other particulate material by continuously feeding the non - colored particulate material , one or more colorants , and an adhesive binder into a mixer and continuously mixing these materials . during the mixing process , colored particulate material is continuously being removed and transported away from the process as a colored end product . | 2 |
a crystalline bar is doped with a rare earth . the bar is transparent to ration , such as from a laser , at a light wavelength which excites the rare earth ions in the bar and the light is modulated at the frequency at which the bar mechanically resonates . the excited ion decay radiatively by light or non - radiatively by phonons . as the phonons decay , they excite the bar to resonate mechanically . the mechanical resonance may be coupled by a piezoelectric material and measured to give information respecting the phonon activity of the excited rare earth ions . | 6 |
a mount configured to mount an optical element in a module for a lithographic apparatus . the mount includes a plurality of resilient members constructed and arranged to circumferentially support the optical element . each resilient member includes a plurality of resilient subsections that are configured to engage the optical element around a perimeter thereof each resilient subsection is configured to flex independent of another resilient subsection . | 6 |
a rotary trimming apparatus includes a base for receiving a material , a rail mounted on the base , a cartridge assembly having a plurality of trimming blades for trimming the material , a carriage slidably mounted on the rail , a selector comprising a plurality of engagement slots , and a set of pins for locking into the engagement slots of the selector knob in order to fix the positions of the selector knob and the plurality of trimming blades . the cartridge assembly plurality of trimming blades are rotatably connected to the selector , and the selector is capable of actuating the plurality of trimming blades by rotating on a plane perpendicular to the base . | 8 |
We propose that Gigahertz Peak Spectrum (GPS) and Compact Steep Spectrum (CSS) radio sources are the signposts of relativistic jet feedback in evolving galaxies. Our simulations of relativistic jets interacting with a warm, inhomogeneous medium, utilizing cloud densities and velocity dispersions in the range derived from optical observations, show that free-free absorption can account for the ∼ GHz peak frequencies and low-frequency power laws inferred from the radio observations. These new computational models replace a power-law model for the free-free optical depth a more fundamental model involving disrupted log-normal distributions of warm gas. One feature of our new models is that at early stages, the low-frequency spectrum is steep but progressively flattens as a result of a broader distribution of optical depths, suggesting that the steep low-frequency spectra discovered by Callingham et al. may possibly be attributed to young sources. We also investigate the inverse correlation between peak frequency and size and find that the initial location on this correlation is determined by the average density of the warm ISM. The simulated sources track this correlation initially but eventually fall below it, indicating the need for a more extended ISM than presently modelled. GPS and CSS sources can potentially provide new insights into the phenomenon of AGN feedback since their peak frequencies and spectra are indicative of the density, turbulent structure, and distribution of gas in the host galaxy. | 9 |
described herein is the sense element assembly for a capacitive pressure sensor and method for creating same that has increased sensitivity without additional size . the sense element assembly and method includes fabricating an off - centered elliptically shaped center electrode , at least one elliptical annular - like electrode around the center electrode , a ground electrode and a method for fusing the layers together to optimize sensitivity . | 7 |
Planck data when combined with ancillary data provide a unique opportunity to separate the diffuse emission components of the inner Galaxy. The purpose of the paper is to elucidate the morphology of the various emission components in the strong star-formation region lying inside the solar radius and to clarify the relationship between the various components. The region of the Galactic plane covered is l = 300° → 0° → 60° wherestar-formation is highest and the emission is strong enough to make meaningful component separation. The latitude widths in this longitude range lie between 1° and 2°, which correspond to FWHM z-widths of 100-200 pc at a typical distance of 6 kpc. The four emission components studied here are synchrotron, free-free, anomalous microwave emission (AME), and thermal (vibrational) dust emission. These components are identified by constructing spectral energy distributions (SEDs) at positions along the Galactic plane using the wide frequency coverage of Planck (28.4-857 GHz) in combination with low-frequency radio data at 0.408-2.3 GHz plus WMAP data at 23-94 GHz, along with far-infrared (FIR) data from COBE-DIRBE and IRAS. The free-free component is determined from radio recombination line (RRL) data. AME is found to be comparable in brightness to the free-free emission on the Galactic plane in the frequency range 20-40 GHz with a width in latitude similar to that of the thermal dust; it comprises 45 ± 1% of the total 28.4 GHz emission in the longitude range l = 300° → 0° → 60°. The free-free component is the narrowest, reflecting the fact that it is produced by current star-formation as traced by the narrow distribution of OB stars. It is the dominant emission on the plane between 60 and 100 GHz. RRLs from this ionized gas are used to assess its distance, leading to a free-free z-width of FWHM ≈ 100 pc. The narrow synchrotron component has a low-frequency brightness spectral index β<SUB>synch</SUB> ≈ -2.7 that is similar to the broad synchrotron component indicating that they are both populated by the cosmic ray electrons of the same spectral index. The width of this narrow synchrotron component is significantly larger than that of the other three components, suggesting that it is generated in an assembly of older supernova remnants that have expanded to sizes of order 150 pc in 3 × 10<SUP>5</SUP> yr; pulsars of a similar age have a similar spread in latitude. The thermal dust is identified in the SEDs with average parameters of T<SUB>dust</SUB> = 20.4 ± 0.4 K, β<SUB>FIR</SUB> = 1.94 ± 0.03 (> 353 GHz), and β<SUB>mm</SUB> = 1.67 ± 0.02 (< 353 GHz). The latitude distributions of gamma-rays, CO, and the emission in high-frequency Planck bands have similar widths, showing that they are all indicators of the total gaseous matter on the plane in the inner Galaxy. <P />Appendices are available in electronic form at <A href="http://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201424434/olm">http://www.aanda.org</A> | 9 |
We complete the analysis of all 2018 sub-prime-field microlensing planets identified by the KMTNet AnomalyFinder. Among the 9 previously unpublished events with clear planetary solutions, 6 are clearly planetary (OGLE-2018-BLG-0298, KMT-2018-BLG-0087, KMT-2018-BLG-0247, KMT-2018-BLG-0030, OGLE-2018-BLG-1119, and KMT-2018-BLG-2602), while the remaining 3 are ambiguous in nature. The above ordering of these events is made to facilitate grouping of their Bayesian estimates: the first two are lower-mass gas giants while the last four are Jovian-class planets; the first three most likely lie in the bulge, the last in the disk, and the remaining two are equally likely to be in either population. More specifically, these six planets have host masses ${M}_{\mathrm{host}}=({0.69}_{-0.30}^{+0.34},{0.10}_{-0.05}^{+0.14},{0.29}_{-0.14}^{+0.28},{0.51}_{-0.31}^{+0.43},{0.48}_{-0.28}^{+0.35},{0.66}_{-0.36}^{+0.42}){M}_{\odot }$ , planet masses ${M}_{\mathrm{planet}}=({0.14}_{-0.06}^{+0.07},{0.23}_{-0.12}^{+0.32},{2.11}_{-1.04}^{+2.09},{1.45}_{-0.88}^{+1.23},{0.91}_{-0.52}^{+0.66},{1.15}_{-0.63}^{+0.73}){M}_{\mathrm{Jup}}$ , and distances ${D}_{L}=({6.54}_{-1.23}^{+0.95},{7.02}_{-1.15}^{+1.03},{6.76}_{-1.24}^{+0.99},{6.48}_{-1.96}^{+1.28},{5.76}_{-2.48}^{+1.43},{4.31}_{-1.84}^{+1.97})\mathrm{kpc}$ . In addition, there are 8 previously published sub-prime-field planets that were selected by the AnomalyFinder algorithm. Together with a companion paper on 2018 prime-field planets, this work lays the basis for comprehensive statistical studies. We carry out two such studies, one on caustic topologies and the other on the role of Gaia data. From the first, as expected, half (17/33) of the 2018 planets likely to enter the mass-ratio analysis have non-caustic-crossing anomalies. However, only 1 of the 5 noncaustic anomalies with planet-host mass ratio q < 10<SUP>-3</SUP> was discovered by eye (compared to 7 of the 12 with q > 10<SUP>-3</SUP>), showing the importance of the semiautomated AnomalyFinder search. From the second, we find that Gaia has played a major role in the interpretation of 16% of the sample and a supplementary role in 6%. | 9 |
in controlling an automatic transmission in a vehicle by a combination of an electronic computer system and a hydraulic actuation system according to a principle of feedback control so that the electronic computer system computes a target control state for the hydraulic actuation system and the hydraulic actuation system is operated according to a difference between the target control state and a current control state thereof , the difference is modified by an amount which is decreased along with lapse of time so that the delay in the operation of the hydraulic actuation system is compensated for by a simulation that at the start of control the difference is beforehand increased for an amount which is gradually cancelled by a delay function of the difference itself as the delay in the operation of the hydraulic actuation system disappears . the difference may further be modified so that the modification is started with a time lag . the difference may further be modified by the rate of change of itself . | 5 |
a storage phosphor cassette for use in recording radiographic images of elongated objects . the cassette comprises a shell and a single storage phosphor plate . the shell includes first and second opposite open ends . the single storage phosphor plate is housed within the shell and is adapted to be at least partially removable from the shell through the first and second open ends . a radiation image of the elongate object can be read by extracting a first portion of the single plate through one of the two opposing ends of the cassette and scanning the first portion of the single storage phosphor plate to obtain a first partial image , and then extracting a second portion of the single plate through the other of the two opposing ends of the cassette and scanning the second portion of the single storage phosphor plate to obtain a second partial image . the first and second partial images can be combined to form the image of the elongate object . | 6 |
a method for commutation of a switched reluctance motor is disclosed that requires no rotor position sensor or detailed prior knowledge of the motor &# 39 ; s magnetic characteristics . the apparatus and method employs a calibration routine to learn the flux - current characteristics of each srm phase in its aligned position . from these characteristics , the flux - current characteristics at other appropriate switching angles are approximated . commutation is accomplished by estimating the flux in an active phase and comparing the estimate to the flux approximated for the switching angle . the apparatus and method is particularly well suited for relatively heavy duty loading applications , such as a fan . | 7 |
the present invention relates in general to the field of generation of precise electrical signals , in particular , to a technique for providing accurate delays of signals using a controllable delay line , and is applicable to the areas of high speed communication and memory testing equipment . according to the present invention , an auxiliary reference channel having a delay line which is identical to the main delay line is incorporated into vernier silicon die to allow automatic adjustment of the delay in the main delay line using a reference periodical signal applied to the auxiliary delay line . | 7 |
the invention relates to a process for solution - phase synthesis of d - arginyl - 2 , 6 - dimethyl - l - tyrosyl - l - lysyl - l - phenylalaninamide , an active ingredient used for both common and rare diseases including a mitochondrial targeted therapy for ischemia reperfusion injury . | 2 |
a surgical retractor for adjustable mounting on a supported holder includes an elongated stem of cylindrical cross - sectional configuration and blade means attached to one end of the stem , the stem being optionally provided with a plurality of spaced circumferential first means for selective engagement by adjustable complemental second means for restraining longitudinal movement of the stem in one direction , and optionally including an inner section hingedly connected to an outer section , providing a handle for pulling or rotating the retractor . a holder for a surgical retractor and frame support for the holder assume a nonrotating relation where the frame support has a section of substantially cylindrical cross - sectional configuration and has a longitudinally extending indentation , a portion of the frame support is encompassed by a section of the holder , and the holder section has protruding means for engaging the indentation of the frame support section . | 0 |
the present inventions relate to micro - fluidic devices and related methods of fractionating samples of analytes , such as peptides or proteins , according to their isoelectric points . the disclosed micro - fluidic devices and related methods provide a fractionation sufficient to enhance the performance of immunochemistry and / or tandem liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry workflows . such methods and devices are capable of fractionating complex samples in a short time , using a small amount of sample , do not require high voltages and are further characterized by their high degree of reproducibility and ease of use . | 1 |
Recent data from the James Webb Space Telescope allow a first glimpse of galaxies at z ≳ 11. The most successful tool for identifying ultra-high-redshift candidates and inferring their properties is photometric template fitting. However, current methods rely on templates derived from much lower-redshift conditions, including stellar populations older than the age of the Universe at z > 12, a stellar initial mass function that is physically disallowed at z > 6, and weaker emission lines than currently observed at z > 7.5. Here, two sets of synthetic templates, optimized for the expected astrophysics of galaxies at 8 < z < 12 and z > 12, are developed and used to fit three galaxies at z > 12 from the SMACS0723 field. Using these improved templates, quantitative estimates are produced of the bias in inferred properties from JWST observations at z > 8 due to these effects. The best-fit redshifts are similar to those found with previous template sets, but the inferred stellar masses drop by as much as 1-1.6 dex, such that stellar masses are no longer seemingly inconsistent with ΛCDM. The two new template sets are released in formats compatible with EAZY and LEPHARE. | 9 |
the inventors have invented a method to recover oil from sediments and residues from the oil field operations , comprising a series of water , solids and solvent contacting units to separate the silt and solids from the hydrocarbon phase into the water phase and a ceramic membrane filtration system for the recovery of the solvent . | 1 |
a control circuit for a brushless dc motor providing positive control in all four quadrants of motor operation . the circuit provides control of motor current , thereby controlling motor torque , in response to an applied current command signal , relying solely on feedback signals of motor current and rotor angle . the heart of the system is a level dependent logic stage which selectively controls the states of the switches applying power to the motor windings in accordance with a current error signal developed by reference to the feedback current signal . the control circuit causes the motor current to correspond to any applied current command and works at any motor speed and torque for rotation in either direction . in a preferred embodiment , the basic control system is combined with additional feedback loops developing servo information regarding rate and actuator position to provide a overall position control system , such as is particularly useful in place of the hydraulic actuator systems now employed in aircraft . | 7 |
toothbrush heads , e . g ., for power toothbrushes , are provided . an embodiment of the toothbrush heads include a support structure , a plurality of upstanding accurate members extending upward from a surface of the support structure forming an open center area , a second cleaning element disposed within the open center area and plurality of bristle tufts extending from the support structure and at least partially surrounding at least one of the plurality of arcuate segments | 0 |
a device for accessing web services uses a service interface and a conversion and interpretation unit to implement a method which simplifies the access interface of wave services . the service interface includes an upload element , a download element and a command element . with the conversion and interpretation unit , the data and the command of web pages are converted and interpreted as the contents of the three elements . the contents are converted into web page documents and forwarded to a network platform for further processing associated tasks . the presentation on the service interface may replace the browsers and achieve the function of supporting the participation - typed service . it simplifies the complexity on the network access interface , and can access different services provided by different servers . | 6 |
This release features more general top and bottom boundary conditions for $T$. Now the boundary values from the initial condition are applied in the case of isothermal top/bottom boundaries. If isothermal top/bottom boundary conditions are selected, it is presumed that the initial $T$ field satisfies the boundary conditions. | 9 |
a connection testing apparatus , a connection testing method , and a chip using the same are provided . the method can be used for testing connections between chips , so as to solve the problems that a conventional multi - chip connection test needs a plenty of test patterns , resulting in a long test time and a high test cost , and the condition of a connection failure is hard to be analyzed after a test failure . in the present invention , a voltage variation caused when an esd element in a chip is conducted and a comparison circuits are used to determine whether a connection is correct . furthermore , the test apparatus is built in the chip , so that the connection test may be accomplished quickly and efficiently . once a connection failure occurs , the failed connection pin can also be found , so as to be favorable for engineering analysis and thereby effectively saving the test cost . | 6 |
a label applicator is of the type for separating labels from a continuous carrier strip and applying the labels to an object positioned at the applicator . the applicator includes a frame , a supply roll operably mounted to the frame for supplying the carrier strip having the labels thereon and a separator for removing the labels from the carrier strip . the applicator includes a rewind roll operably mounted to the frame for rewinding the carrier strip after the labels have been removed therefrom . the supply and rewind rolls are configured to move the carrier strip through the applicator . a rewind assembly has a motor , a pivoting arm and a sensing assembly cooperating with the pivoting arm . the sensing assembly is adapted to sense the presence or absence of a sensed element mounted on the pivoting arm as the arm moves from a first home position to a position other than the home position . the sensor is operably connected to the rewind roll motor to actuate the motor upon movement of the arm toward the home position . | 1 |
The powerful CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system is hindered by its off-target effects. Although in silico tools have been developed for single-strand guide RNA (sgRNA) design and CRISPR off-target evaluation, the genome-wide CRISPR off-target prediction performance is limited. In this study, we proposed that the modelling of molecular interactions within the Cas9-sgRNA-DNA complex can substantially improve the genome-wide off-target prediction. To this end, we systematically performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to capture the molecular interaction features of the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISOT, which is a powerful tool package suite that contains various modules for genome-wide CRISPR off-target evaluation and sgRNA optimization, is presented. | 9 |
a new design for a dry - erase board allows for writing on a clear top surface or a second surface under the clear top surface . the dry - erase board includes an insert positioned between the clear top surface and a second surface , the insert being protected by the clear top surface | 1 |
a weld wheel assembly for disposition on a membrane welding machine , and for positioning a weld wheel adjacent a nozzle hot air outlet for pressing an overlying roof membrane heated by the nozzle against an underlying roof membrane heated by the nozzle , for welding the membranes together . the assembly includes a weld wheel rotatably mounted on an axle which is moveable toward and away from the membranes , and pressure exerting structure mounted on the machine and operable to bias the axle toward the membranes during operation of the machine . | 1 |
Clusters of galaxies are the largest known gravitationally bound structures in the Universe. When clusters collide, they create merger shocks on cosmological scales, which transform most of the kinetic energy carried by the cluster gaseous halos into heat<SUP>1-3</SUP>. Observations of merger shocks provide key information on the merger dynamics, and enable insights into the formation and thermal history of the large-scale structures. Nearly all of the merger shocks are found in systems where the clusters have already collided<SUP>4-12</SUP>; knowledge of shocks in the pre-merger phase is a crucial missing ingredient<SUP>13,14</SUP>. Here, we report on the discovery of a unique shock in a cluster pair 1E 2216.0-0401 and 1E 2215.7-0404. The two clusters are observed at an early phase of major merger. Contrary to all the known merger shocks observed ubiquitously on merger axes, the new shock propagates outward along the equatorial plane of the merger. This discovery uncovers an important epoch in the formation of massive clusters, when the rapid approach of the cluster pair leads to strong compression of gas along the merger axis. Current theoretical models<SUP>15,16</SUP> predict that the bulk of the shock energy might be dissipated outside the clusters, and eventually turn into heat of the pristine gas in the circum-cluster space. | 9 |
phosphorus uptake in plant tissues is increased by applying to immature plants , as a foliar spray , an aqueous composition consisting of a mixture of polyphosphates and activated carbon wherein the polyphosphates are selected from the group consisting of polyphosphoric acid , potassium polyphosphate and ammonium polyphosphate and mixtures thereof . | 2 |
low molecular weight copolymers of the general formula : ## str1 ## exhibit excellent concentrative action in the flotation of sylvinite ores thereby resulting in improved selectivity and recovery of sylvite . the low molecular weight copolymers perform concentrative action without resulting in any associated flocculation in the flotation process . | 1 |
a method and apparatus for partially cutting hock joints , and letting feet remain attached to the rest of the carcass by skin and one or more tendons , exposing the hock joint by folding feet , and hanging the carcasses in the evisceration shackles by hock joints , the method unambiguously ensures that if a carcass is condemned by an inspector , the feet belonging to that carcass are condemned as well . furthermore , this invention solves the even more intractable problem of capturing folded feet , separating feet from the carcass while leaving the carcass still hanging in the shackles , transferring feet into an infeed paw cutter wheel , and cutting knuckle portion to produce chicken paws ready for further processing . | 0 |
Solar activity indices vary over the Sun's disk, and various activity parameters are not considered to be symmetric between the northern and southern hemispheres of the Sun. The north-south asymmetry of different solar indices provides an important clue to understanding subphotospheric dynamics and solar dynamo action, especially with regard to nonlinear dynamo models. In the present work, we study the statistical significance of the north-south asymmetry of sunspot areas for the complete solar cycle 23 (1996-2008) and rising branch of cycle 24 (first 45 months). The preferred hemisphere in each year of cycles 23 and 24 has been identified by calculating the probability of hemispheric distribution of sunspot areas. The statistically significant intermediate-term periodicities of the north-south asymmetry of sunspot area data have also been investigated using Lomb-Scargle and wavelet techniques. A number of short- and mid-term periods including the best-known Rieger one (150-160 days) are detected in cycle 23 and near Rieger-type periods during cycle 24, and most of them are found to be time variable. We present our results and discuss their possible explanations with the help of theoretical models and observations. | 9 |
In the last years there has been a substantial increase in the number of the reported massive and luminous star-forming regions with related explosive outflows thanks to the superb sensitivity and angular resolution provided by the new radio, infrared, and optical facilities. Here, we report one more explosive outflow related with the massive and bright star-forming region IRAS 12326-6245 using Band 6 sensitive and high-angular-resolution (~0.″2) Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array observations. We find over 10 molecular and collimated well-defined streamers, with Hubble-Lemaitre-like expansion motions, and pointing right to the center of a dusty and molecular shell (reported for the first time here) localized in the northern part of the UC H II region known as G301.1A. The estimated kinematic age and energy for the explosion are ~700 yr and 10<SUP>48</SUP> erg, respectively. Taking into account the recently reported explosive outflows together with IRAS 12326-6245, we estimate an event rate of once every 90 yr in our Galaxy, similar to the formation rate of massive stars. | 9 |
a financial services card formulated in accordance with the principles of the present invention comprises a payment or transactional card equivalent in many practical respects to a conventional credit card , however , which operates in compliance with shari &# 39 ; ah financial guidelines and islamic law and therefore is conducive for use by islamic consumers in support of their respective purchase or payment applications . this financial services card can include processing and transaction acquisition practices which are compatible and consistent with the operating morays and norms of the conventional credit card industry while complying with shari &# 39 ; ah financial guidelines . | 6 |
a perimeter clip attached to a wall molding that supports a beam in a suspended ceiling intended to survive seismic disturbances . the clip is capable , during an earthquake , of permitting an end of a beam at one end of a connected line of beams , in a grid , to slide while being supported in the clip , or , in the alternative , to secure an end of a beam to the wall molding . | 4 |
a cutter head assembly for a planing apparatus comprises a rotatable cutter head body , at least a first slot and a gib assembly positionable in the first slot to retain a planing knife blade . the cutter head body has a first end , an opposite second end and an outer periphery extending between the first and second ends in a longitudinal direction . the first slot is formed in the outer periphery and extends generally longitudinally . a section of the first slot has at least one profiled side and an opposite knife blade side . the gib assembly is positionable to retain a knife blade in the first slot adjacent the knife blade side . the gib assembly comprises an elongate gib having a section with a shaped leading side and an opposite trailing side . a gib screw is rotatable to move the gib toward the knife blade and clamp it . | 1 |
I review the current status of phenomenological programs inspired by quantum-spacetime research. I stress in particular the significance of results establishing that certain data analyses provide sensitivity to effects introduced genuinely at the Planck scale. My main focus is on phenomenological programs that affect the directions taken by studies of quantum-spacetime theories. | 9 |
We use the full VIPERS redshift survey in combination with SDSS-DR7 to explore the relationships between star-formation history (using d4000), stellar mass and galaxy structure, and how these relationships have evolved since z 1. We trace the extents and evolutions of both the blue cloud and red sequence by fitting double Gaussians to the d4000 distribution of galaxies in narrow stellar mass bins, for four redshift intervals over 0 <z< 1. This reveals downsizing in star formation, since the high-mass limit of the blue cloud has retreated steadily with time from ℳ 10<SUP>11.2 </SUP>M<SUB>⊙</SUB>at z 0.9 to ℳ 10<SUP>10.7 </SUP>M<SUB>⊙</SUB>by the present day. The number density of massive blue-cloud galaxies (ℳ > 10<SUP>11</SUP>M<SUB>⊙</SUB>, d4000 < 1.55) drops sharply by a factor five between z 0.8 and z 0.5. These galaxies are becoming quiescent at a rate that largely matches the increase in the numbers of massive passive galaxies seen over this period. We examine the size-mass relation of blue-cloud galaxies, finding that its high-mass boundary runs along lines of constant ℳ /r<SUB>e</SUB>or equivalently inferred velocity dispersion. Larger galaxies can continue to form stars to higher stellar masses than smaller galaxies. As blue-cloud galaxies approach this high-mass limit, entering a narrow diagonal region within the size-mass plane termed the "quenching zone", they start to be quenched, their d4000 values increasing to push them towards the green valley. In parallel, their structures change, showing higher Sérsic indices and central stellar mass densities. For these galaxies, bulge growth is required for them to reach the high-mass limit of the blue cloud and be quenched by internal mechanisms. The blue-cloud galaxies that are being quenched at z 0.8 lie along the same size-mass relation as present day quiescent galaxies and seem the likely progenitors of today's S0s. <P />Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory, Cerro Paranal, Chile, using the Very Large Telescope under programs 182.A-0886 and partly 070.A-9007. Also based on observations obtained with MegaPrime/MegaCam, a joint project of CFHT and CEA/DAPNIA, at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of France, and the University of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data products produced at TERAPIX and the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre as part of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey, a collaborative project of NRC and CNRS. The VIPERS web site is <A href="http://www.vipers.inaf.it/">http://www.vipers.inaf.it/</A> | 9 |
In this work, we report the independent discovery and analysis of nine new compact triply eclipsing triple star systems found with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission: TICs 47151245, 81525800, 99013269, 229785001, 276162169, 280883908, 294803663, 332521671, and 356324779. Each of these nine systems exhibits distinct third-body eclipses where the third ('tertiary') star occults the inner eclipsing binary (EB), or vice versa. We utilize a photodynamical analysis of the TESS photometry, archival photometric data, TESS eclipse timing variations of the EBs, available archival spectral energy distribution (SED) curves, and, in some cases, newly acquired radial velocity observations, to solve for the parameters of all three stars, as well as most of the orbital elements. From these analyses we find that the outer orbits of all nine systems are viewed nearly edge on (i.e. within ≲4°), and six of the systems are coplanar to within 5°; the others have mutual inclination angles of 20°, 41°, and possibly 179° (i.e. a retrograde outer orbit). The outer orbital periods range from 47.8 to 604 d, with eccentricities spanning 0.004-0.61. The masses of all 18 EB stars are in the range of 0.9-2.6 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> and are mostly situated near the main sequence. By contrast, the masses and radii of the tertiary stars range from 1.4 to 2.8 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> and 1.5 to 13 R<SUB>⊙</SUB>, respectively. We make use of the system parameters from these nine systems, plus those from a comparable number of compact triply eclipsing triples published previously, to gain some statistical insight into their properties. | 9 |
a method of feeding an ink ribbon for a printer in which the ink ribbon is frequently reused for printing action by reversing the feeding of the ribbon at the ribbon ends including suppressing the printing action of the printer for a predetermined time at the time of reversing the feeding of the ribbon at the ribbon end to prevent the ink ribbon from excessive use at the ribbon ends to prolong the useful life of the ribbon . | 1 |
disclosed is a device for simultaneously heating and cooling adjacent food portions . a first module defining a first hollow chamber is formed into a substantially planar surface for supporting the food portion to be cooled . the first chamber contains a vaporizable substance in equilibrium with vapor . a second module defining a second hollow chamber is likwise formed into a substantially planar surface for supporting the food portion to be heated . the second chamber contains a sorbent and is evacuated . the chambers are fluidly interconnected by a conduit having a normally closed valve to prevent egress of vapor from the first chamber . in use , the valve is open , allowing vapor from the first chamber to flow into the evacuated second chamber . the resulting drop in pressure allows the vaporizable substance in the first chamber to change phase into vapor , thereby cooling the first chamber and its associated food portion . moisture in the vapor entering the second chamber is absorbed by the sorbent , which evolves chemical reaction heat , thereby heating the second chamber and its associated food portion . the first and second modules of the present invention may be conveniently placed in adjoining pockets of a foam container for containing the cold and hot portions of a sandwich or other fast food . | 5 |
the present invention is an exercise device that provides resistance training to both lower and upper body muscle groups . while the device is capable of working both the lower and upper body at the same time , the lower and upper body portions of the device work independently . the lower body section features two spirals wound in opposite directions that maintain a constant force throughout the exercise . | 0 |
a process and computer program product involving a computer readable medium tangibly recording computer program logic to provide a physical therapy resource electronically to a patient remote from a physical therapy clinic , hospital , or the like . the computer program product includes code to present instructions for physical activity to the patient via a display , code to receive data from a user interface device , the data indicating movement of the patient , code to analyze the data from the user interface device to discern achievement within a physical therapy regimen , and code to select one or more subsequent exercises for the patient based at least in part on the analyzed data . systems and related physical therapy products are also disclosed . | 6 |
a hinged knee prosthesis comprises a tibial component and a femoral component . the tibial component is configured to attach to a tibia . the tibial component has a bearing surface . the femoral component is configured to hingedly attach to the tibial component and rotate relative to the tibial component . the femoral component comprises a medial condyle and a lateral condyle . the medial and lateral condyles have an eccentric sagittal curvature surface configured to rotate and translate on the bearing surface of the tibial component . a method of rotating a hinged knee through a range of flexion is provided . the method fixedly attaches a femoral component to a tibial component . axial rotation of the femoral component is induced relative to the tibial component when the hinged knee is flexed . | 0 |
The computation of complex neutral/ionized chemical equilibrium compositions is invaluable to obtain scientific insights of, for example, the atmospheres of extrasolar planets and cool stars. We present FASTCHEM 2 , a new version of the established semi-analytical thermochemical equilibrium code FASTCHEM. Whereas the original version is limited to atmospheres containing a significant amount of hydrogen, FASTCHEM 2 is also applicable to chemical mixtures dominated by any other species, such as CO<SUB>2</SUB> or N<SUB>2</SUB>. The new C++ code and an optional PYTHON module are publicly available under the GPLv3 license. The program is backward compatible so that the previous version can be easily substituted. We updated the thermochemical data base by adding HNC, FeH, TiH, Ca<SUP>-</SUP>, and some organic molecules. In total 523 species are now in the thermochemical data base including 28 chemical elements. The user can reduce the total number of species to, for example, increase the computation performance or can add further species if the thermochemical data are available. The program is validated against its previous version and extensively tested over an extended pressure-temperature grid with pressures ranging from $10^{-13}$ up to $10^3\, \mathrm{bar}$ and temperatures between $100$ and $6000\, \mathrm{K}$. FASTCHEM 2 is successfully applied to a number of different scenarios including nitrogen-, carbon-, and oxygen-dominated atmospheres and test cases without hydrogen and helium. Averaged over the extended pressure-temperature grid FASTCHEM 2 is up to 50 times faster than the previous version and is also applicable to situations not treatable with version 1. | 9 |
a member within a container is reciprocated to vibrate the container contents . a drive unit is releasably connectable to the reciprocating member so that the drive unit can be used for other purposes , such as for driving the reciprocal members of other containers when not required for the container in question . the drive unit comprises a reciprocal output member with a releasable mechanism for drivably connecting the output member with the reciprocal member of the container and a device for removably mounting the container on the drive unit . | 1 |
a gate driver and a display device , which relate to the technical field of display , and are applicable to the design and manufacture of display devices . the gate driver comprises : a power - off voltage detection circuit and a power - off de - ghosting function circuit connected to the power - off voltage detection circuit , wherein the power - off voltage detection circuit is used for detecting a current voltage state , and outputting a control signal to the power - off de - ghosting function circuit according to the voltage state , so that the power - off de - ghosting function circuit outputs a signal to eliminate power - off ghosting according to the control signal . the gate driver integrates the power - off voltage detection circuit and the power - off de - ghosting function circuit ; the integration level is high , and the display device can eliminate the power - off ghosting without the need to match the selected type of the gate driver and a printed circuit board . | 6 |
a polymer of fluorinated monomers and hydrophilic monomers is provided . it is also provided a polymer blend that contains a polymer of fluorinated monomers and another biocompatible polymer . the polymer of fluorinated monomers or polymer blend described herein and optionally a bioactive agent can form a coating on an implantable device such as a drug - delivery stent . the implantable device can be used for treating or preventing a disorder such as atherosclerosis , thrombosis , restenosis , hemorrhage , vascular dissection or perforation , vascular aneurysm , vulnerable plaque , chronic total occlusion , patent foramen ovale , claudication , anastomotic proliferation for vein and artificial grafts , bile duct obstruction , ureter obstruction , tumor obstruction , or combinations thereof . | 8 |
a video compression process speeds the optimal choice of quantizers for compressing a data stream by setting up the optimization problem as a path - optimization problem in configuration space and finding the lowest cost path through the configuration space . the process begins with a starting node and propagates least - cost waves through the space until a path is completed to the end . the process may continue using uncompleted paths while their costs are less than the end state , beginning with the lowest cost incomplete path , until an improved path is found . the process may further continue , for a time constrained process , until time runs out or all useful possibilities are exhausted . | 7 |
a method and sequence of process steps is described for effecting the conversion of lower alcohols comprising methanol , ethanol , and propanol to primarily olefin boiling range component under conditions to significantly extract reaction heat and selectively control the restructuring of the alcohol feed through the production of ethers and particularly olefins . | 2 |
a device for performing a precision movement comprising a plate composed of piezoelectric material and comprising electrodes which are provided at mutually opposite and preferably parallel planes , are connectable to a controlled voltage source having electrical voltage and in this case bring about a change in the form and / or mass of the plate is characterized in that at least one of the electrodes is designed in an elastic fashion to form a base module . | 7 |
a system and method is disclosed for a personal radio recorder . the personal radio recorder allows for random access of communication signals by identifying a channel and time . the personal radio recorder is capable of concurrent reception , storage and playback of a complete spectrum of individual communication signals . a wide - band signal is received , and concurrently demodulated into a plurality of individual communication signals . these audio signals are identified by channel and time . individual signals may be simultaneously played , paused , or stored for later playback . compression may be used to make efficient use of storage . storage may be fixed , removable , or a combination of both . the system is also capable of storing signals that are digitally formatted , and is compatible with existing analog or digital playback devices . the personal radio recorder may playback multiple channels of communications data , either previously recorded or currently broadcast , to multiple output stages at the same time . | 7 |
a method of supporting an elongated member in a bowl without marking the surface of the elongated member by providing a pair of intermediate surfaces between the tapered surface of the bowl and the contact surface with the elongated member which are approximately perpendicular to each other in order to amplify the force against the pipe in comparison to the force from the bowl . | 4 |
a network of wireless nodes transmit electromagnetic signals , typically in the radio frequency mode , or at other frequencies . multiple infrastructure nodes pick up the signals transmitted by each wireless node . the signals are combined to estimate the actual signal transmitted by the wireless node , such as a leaf node sensor . many different diversity techniques may be used to combine the signals . in one embodiment , maximal ratio combining , equal gain combining , selection combining or switching combining is used to combine the signals . | 7 |
polymer formation and aldol condensation by a hydrocarbyl aldehyde is prevented by adding to the aldehyde a trace to minor amount of readily oxidizable metals or cations having oxidation potentials greater than about - 0 . 2 volts . in a typical embodiment , a liquid containing a hydrocarbyl aldehyde is inhibited against aldol condensation by incorporating in the liquid from about 0 . 005 to about 1 . 0 weight percent thereof of the aforementioned metals or cations . | 2 |
retroreflective sheet material is produced by forming sheet material with closely spaced retroreflective formations on one face and depositing on this face silver and copper atoms having high kinetic energy to provide a reflective metallic deposit comprising a base layer of metallic silver and an overlying layer of metallic copper . an organic protective coating is thereafter applied over the reflective metallic deposit . light rays passing through the front face of the body enter the retroreflective formations , impinge upon the interface provided by the silver base layer and are retroreflected therefrom . as a result , the sheet material exhibits a bright white appearance in daylight as well as a bright white coloration at night when an incandescent beam impinges thereon . | 8 |
rules for the signaling and interpretation of chroma position are described . one rule , called the short rule , defines fifteen discrete chroma centering positions and corresponding four - bit syntax element . another rule , called the extended rule , defines 81 discrete chroma centering positions and corresponding seven - bit syntax elements . a described method includes receiving digital media data at a digital media encoder , determining chroma position information for the received digital media data , and representing the chroma position information with one or more syntax elements in an encoded bitstream . the one or more syntax elements are operable to communicate the chroma position information to a digital media decoder . the chroma position information facilitates an image rotation or flip . | 7 |
a home appliance having a griddle cover includes an appliance body ; a cooktop on the appliance body and having a griddle ; a griddle cover for removable disposition on the griddle for protecting the griddle from contaminants , the griddle cover including a cover body having a plurality of support elements on the cover body ; and a mounting arrangement for removably mounting the griddle cover to the griddle including a plurality of feet mounted to the support elements for supporting the griddle cover on the griddle . | 0 |
a connection assembly provides an electrical connection from a coaxial cable to planar circuitry . the connection assembly includes an innermost connector node , configured to connect electrically to an innermost conductor of a coaxial cable , having one opening that allows for the innermost conductor to pass through the one opening and having a first contact extending perpendicular to a center line of the coaxial cable , a braided connector node , configured to connect electrically to a braided conductor of the coaxial cable , having two openings that allow for portions of the coaxial cable to pass through the two openings and having a second contact extending perpendicular to the center line of the coaxial cable and a connection module , connected to the innermost connector node and the braided connector node and configured to maintain an orientation of the innermost and braided connector nodes and the first and second contacts . the first and second contacts can be connected to separate locations of a planar circuitry and provide separate electrical connections to the innermost conductor and the braided conductor of the coaxial cable . | 7 |
a communication control apparatus includes a storing unit that stores terminal information including respective identifiers of a plurality of communication terminals , respective user identifiers , and respective media types , each media type indicating data format processed by each communication terminal . the apparatus also includes a selecting unit that selects second and third communication terminals which satisfy a connection request called from a first communication terminal , as a result of comparison of the terminal information with a user identifier and a media type ; a first communication unit that transmits information identifying the third communication terminal to the second communication terminal , and receives information identifying the third communication terminal to be connected with the first communication terminal from the second communication terminal ; a second communication unit that transmits the connection request to the third communication terminal ; and a third communication unit that requests the first communication terminal to connect to the third communication terminal . | 7 |
a switch and a process of operating a switch are described where a received data frame is stored into memory in a systematic way . in other words , a location is selected in the memory to store the received data frame using a non - random method . by storing the received data frame in this way , switches that employ this system and method increase bandwidth by avoiding delays incurred in randomly guessing at vacant spaces in the memory . the received data frame is stored until a port that is to transmit the received data frame is available . throughput is further improved by allowing the received data frames to be stored in either contiguous or non - contiguous memory locations . | 7 |
intraocular lens package for packing , shipping or storage of intraocular lenses including a base and a configured cavity for the containment of an iol and a lens retainer cap fitting over and about the configured cavity to contain the iol within a seat . the haptics rest on ramped surfaces adjacent to a centralized lens cavity which is supported by semi - tubular struts . a lens retainer cap positions on beveled support posts to form an upper surface of the lens cavity . lens haptics fit between the support posts to prevent rotational movement of the iol in the lens package . tightening flanges in the lens retainer cap engage in ramped catches in the inner perimeter of the configured cavity to secure the lens retainer cap to the configured cavity . differently configured cavity interiors accept different configurations of posterior and anterior chamber lenses . | 0 |
a method of calculating a cyclic redundancy check value for a multi - bit input data word , using a defined generator polynomial is disclosed . the method includes the steps of : serially shifting at least a portion of the input data word into a register ; xoring the contents of the register with the generator polynomial if the lsb of the register is ‘ 1 ’; shifting the contents of the register right by one position ; shifting into the msb position of the register a new bit of the input data word , having been xored with the lsb of the register ; repeating the previous step for all message data bits ; shifting into the register a number of ‘ 0 ’ s equal to the length of the generator polynomial ; reading from the register the calculated crc value . apparatus for performing the method is also disclosed . | 7 |
a polarizing wavelength separating optical element , pws , in the form of a flat panel causes each of a plurality of polychromatic optical beams from a source , entering at one surface and transmitted to the other surface , to be converted with high conversion efficiency into beams circularly polarized , spectrally separated and spatially separated . the input optical beams are identical and in the form of a linear periodic array illuminating the pws element . output circularly polarized beams are spatially separated by a variable distance and have separated wavelengths that can be in any order : ascending , descending or random . the pws is made of a periodic array of cells whose period is identical to that of the optical source . each cell comprises a plurality of subcells . one subcell functions as a broadband reflector , while each of the remaining subcells functions as a polarizing wavelength selective reflector . the number of the latter subcells depends on the number of wavelengths or wavelength bands to be separated . each subcell in turn comprises a plurality of layers that are bonded together at their surfaces which are oriented at a 45 ° angle relative to the horizontal surfaces of the pws panel . in each subcell , the plurality of layers comprise two cholesteric liquid crystal , clc , films which reflect at a selected wavelength , at least one phase shifting layer , and an appropriate number of clear substrates which provide mechanical supports . the thicknesses of the supporting substrates are designed to cause the optical beams transmitted through the pws to be spatially separated by appropriate distances . direct view displays and projection displays are simplified . | 7 |
in particular embodiments , a method includes receiving , from a client device associated with a first entity of a communication service , a request by the first entity to access the communication service , the request comprising an entity identifier of the first entity , determining whether the first entity is authorized to access the communication service based at least in part on a gray list comprising entity ids of the entities who are not authorized to access the communication service , wherein the gray list is based on a black list , and prohibiting , by one or more of the computing devices , access to the communication service by the first entity if the first entity is not authorized to access the communication service based on the gray list . | 7 |
a system for generating crc code words associated with data ranging up to w - bytes in width . the system is an iterative approach for providing a crc calculation circuitry with the crc calculation being subdivided into a blocks with selectable bus widths which blocks can be cascaded to provide calculation for a parallel bus width of any arbitrary number of bytes . the circuitry includes a first plurality of serially coupled code - generation blocks each for generating a crc value based on data input to each block ; a second plurality of parallel coupled code - generation blocks each for generating a crc value based on data inputs , and , a device for selecting particular crc code generation blocks in the first and second pluralities to be included in a crc calculation based on the data input such that any number of data input bytes may be processed . | 7 |
Taking advantage of the now-available Gaia EDR3 parallaxes, we carry out an archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) far-ultraviolet spectroscopic analysis of 10 cataclysmic variable systems, including five carefully selected eclipsing systems. We obtain accurate white dwarf (WD) masses and temperatures, in excellent agreement with the masses for four of the eclipsing systems. For three systems in our sample, BD Pav, HS 2214, and TT Crt, we report the first robust masses for their WDs. We modeled the absorption lines to derive the WD chemical abundances and rotational velocities for each of the 10 systems. As expected, for five higher-inclination (i ≳ 75°) systems, the model fits are improved with the inclusion of a cold absorbing slab (a curtain masking the WD) with N <SUB>H</SUB> ≈ 10<SUP>20</SUP>-10<SUP>22</SUP> cm<SUP>-2</SUP>. Modeling of the metal lines in the HST spectra reveals that seven of the 10 systems have significant subsolar carbon abundance, and six have subsolar silicon abundance, thereby providing further evidence that CV WDs exhibit subsolar abundances of carbon and silicon. We suggest that strong aluminum absorption lines (and iron absorption features) in the spectra of some CV WDs (such as IR Com) may be due to the presence of a thin iron curtain (N <SUB>H</SUB> ≈ 10<SUP>19</SUP> cm<SUP>-2</SUP>) rather than to suprasolar aluminum and iron abundances in the WD photosphere. The derived WD (projected) rotational velocities all fall in the range ≈100-400 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>, all sub-Keplerian similar to the values obtained in earlier studies. | 9 |
a software development methodology is to develop a software product including a plurality of units . unit tests are generated according to a unit test framework . the unit test framework comprises a plurality of subsequently narrowing maturity levels , each maturity level outlining how a unit test at that level should be defined based on what functionality of the plurality of units should be tested and how that functionality should be tested . each subsequent maturity level tests functionality at a more detailed level than functionality at a previous maturity level . the plurality of units are developed , and the unit tests are executed . a top maturity level includes testing whether each unit performs a function based on existence of strictly expected conditions . maturity levels below the top maturity level include testing dependencies among the plurality of units , testing for exceptions of object functions and function dependencies , and testing for functionality to be later included in the software product . | 6 |
a bridge device is provided for a stringed musical instrument having a body , a neck extending from the body , and a set of tensioned strings extending along the neck and over at least a portion of the body . the bridge device comprises a bridge plate mounted adjacent a front surface of the body , a plurality of saddles secured to the bridge plate , and a plurality of armatures pivotably secured to the bridge plate . the saddles are individually adjustable to vary the effective length height of each of the strings and to vary the distance between each of the strings from the bridge plate . each of the armatures individually engage the strings and are selectively manipulable to change the tension of each of the strings between one of three predetermined tension levels . | 6 |
a motion capture environment includes at least one sensor - tracker for tracking a location of a tracked object within the motion capture environment and one or more computers collectively operable to generate a virtual reality environment including a virtual control panel having a virtual control that , when actuated , effects a predetermined result in the virtual reality environment ; determine a virtual location of the tracked object within the virtual reality environment ; and determine when the virtual location of the tracked object coincides with the location of the virtual control to actuate the virtual control . the motion capture environment further includes a display device for displaying the virtual reality environment to an actor within the motion capture environment . | 6 |
in combination , an elongated tool having a striking end and a tapered insertion end and a drift pin cap . the drift pin cap includes a cap body having an upper end , a lower end and at least one side wall extending between and connecting the upper end and the lower end . a drift pin receiving cavity is formed in the lower end of the cap body which extends upwards towards the upper end within the cap body , the pin receiving cavity having a diameter smaller than a diameter of the cap body . the pin receiving cavity is operative to fit over and be retained on the striking end of the tool such that when the tool is impacted by a driving device , the drift pin cap is interposed between the tool and the driving device to prevent damage to the tool yet still permit driving of the tool . | 8 |
The entanglement "first law" in conformal field theories relates the entanglement entropy for a ball-shaped region to an integral over the same region involving the expectation value of the CFT stress-energy tensor, for infinitesimal perturbations to the CFT vacuum state. In recent work, this was exploited at leading order in $N$ in the context of large N holographic CFTs to show that any geometry dual to a perturbed CFT state must satisfy Einstein's equations linearized about pure AdS. In this note, we investigate the implications of the leading 1/N correction to the exact CFT result. We show that these corrections give rise to the source term for the gravitational equations: for semiclassical bulk states, the expectation value of the bulk stress-energy tensor appears as a source in the linearized equations. In particular, the CFT first law leads to Newton's Law of gravitation and the fact that all sources of stress-energy source the gravitational field. In our derivation, this universality of gravity comes directly from the universality of entanglement (the fact that all degrees of freedom in a subsystem contribute to entanglement entropy). | 9 |
a membrane has a permeate channel including a 3d spacer fabric having an upper and a lower fabric surface spaced apart by monofilament thread at a predefined distance , the permeate channel being interposed between two membrane layers , wherein the membrane layers are linked at a multitude of points with the upper and lower fabric surfaces to form an integral structure with a high bonding strength suitable for backflush operations . a method provides an integrated permeate channel membrane , including the steps of : — providing a 3d spacer fabric having an upper and lower surface fabric spaced apart by monofilament thread at a predefined distance ; and — applying a membrane layer to both the upper and the lower surface fabric . | 3 |
We leverage powerful mathematical tools stemming from optimal transport theory and transform them into an efficient algorithm to reconstruct the fluctuations of the primordial density field, built on solving the Monge-Ampère-Kantorovich equation. Our algorithm computes the optimal transport between an initial uniform continuous density field, partitioned into Laguerre cells, and a final input set of discrete point masses, linking the early to the late Universe. While existing early universe reconstruction algorithms based on fully discrete combinatorial methods are limited to a few hundred thousand points, our algorithm scales up well beyond this limit, since it takes the form of a well-posed smooth convex optimization problem, solved using a Newton method. We run our algorithm on cosmological N-body simulations, from the AbacusCosmos suite, and reconstruct the initial positions of $\mathcal {O}(10^7)$ particles within a few hours with an off-the-shelf personal computer. We show that our method allows a unique, fast, and precise recovery of subtle features of the initial power spectrum, such as the baryonic acoustic oscillations. | 9 |
We recently proposed that structured (spine-sheath) jets associated with BL Lac objects could offer a suitable environment for the production of the extragalactic high-energy (E > 100 TeV) neutrino recently revealed by IceCube. Our previous analysis was limited to low-power BL Lac objects. We extend our preliminary study to the entire BL Lac population, assuming that the entire diffuse emission is accounted for by these sources. The neutrino output from a single source depends on a relatively large number of parameters. However, for several of them we have constraints coming from observations and previous application of the structured jet model to blazar and radiogalaxy emission. The observed neutrino spectrum then fixes the remaining free parameters. We assume that the power of cosmic rays as well as the radiative luminosity of the sheath depends linearly on the jet power. In turn, we assume that the latter is well traced by the γ-ray luminosity. We exploit the BL Lac γ-ray luminosity function and its cosmic evolution as recently inferred from Fermi-LAT data to derive the expected neutrino cumulative intensity from the entire BL Lac population. When considering only the low-power BL Lacs, a large cosmic ray power for each source is required to account for the neutrino flux. Instead, if BL Lacs of all powers produce neutrinos, the power demand decreases, and the required cosmic ray power becomes of the same order of the radiative jet power. In our scheme, the maximum energy of cosmic rays is constrained to be ≲ few PeV by the lack of events above few PeV. Although such a value is obtained through a fine-tuning with the data, we show that it could be possibly related to the equilibrium between cooling and acceleration processes for high-energy cosmic rays. We also discuss the prospects for the direct association of IceCube events with BL Lacs, providing an estimate of the expected counts for the most promising sources. | 9 |
an optical recognition method and system utilizes a scanner to digitize a complex document comprising regions of text and graphics . a recognition engine , illustratively in the form of a general purpose computer , separates regions of text and graphics and identifies lines of text . this is accomplished by dividing the digitized image into columns . the columns are then separated into small rectangular units by obtaining a horizontal histogram or shadow thereof . the units are arranged into a two dimensional linking for ease of processing and access . units which are too short are eliminated as noise and units which are too tall are eliminated or otherwise identified as comprising graphics . the remaining units are organized into lines of text by connecting units horizontally whose shadows on the vertical axis overlap . | 6 |
a media system is disclosed that uses preemptive recording of media files to reduce playback latency when media tracks are subsequently selected for playback during the recording process . the media system comprises a primary storage device capable of storing media files and a secondary storage device capable of reading digital media files from a removable storage medium . the system also includes a media player capable of playing media files stored on the primary storage device and a recorder that is connected to read digital media data from the secondary storage device . the recorder stores media files corresponding to the digital media data of the removable storage medium on the primary storage device . to reduce subsequent playback latency when media tracks are selected for playback during the recording process , the recorder automatically stores only predetermined portions of each media file read from the storage medium on the primary storage device when the removable storage medium is , for example , initially engaged with the secondary storage device . the preemptive recording may also occur at advantageous times other than the time at which the removable storage medium is initially engaged with the secondary storage device . further , preemptive recording may be limited to the media files selected by the user for complete recording from the secondary storage device to the primary storage device . | 6 |
the ectopic expression of mer receptor tyrosine kinase has been identified as a tumor cell survival gene product in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and a potential cause of all chemoresistance . hence , we investigated whether the development of small molecule mer inhibitors was possible . a first aspect of the present invention is a compound of formula i , ia , or ib . | 0 |
a secure data interchange will allow pharmaceutical and biotechnological interests to securely share and profit from biochemical and biophysical data . the purpose of the interchange is to maintain the proprietary value of such data by guarding its exposure to other users while allowing some of its scientific value to be passed along . specifically , users submit data in conjunction with , and conditional upon , various rules and conditions of use . the system itself , as a trusted third party , is supported by a diverse set of human and machine experts . when productive correlations and complementarities in different users &# 39 ; interests or data are detected , the information is passed back to the users in accordance with the desired level of transparency . automated means are provided for data matching and selective determination of which particular data to release and to whom in view of the data &# 39 ; s conditions of use ascribed . efficient market exchange mechanisms are explored . | 6 |
The proto-Milky Way epoch forms the earliest stars in our Galaxy and sets the initial conditions for subsequent disk formation. Recent observations from APOGEE and H3 surveys showed that the [$\alpha$/Fe] ratio slowly declined between [Fe/H] $=-3$ and $-1.3$ until it reached the lowest value ($\sim 0.25$) among the selected in situ metal-poor stars that most likely formed during the proto-Galaxy epoch. [$\alpha$/Fe] rose to meet the traditional high value commonly associated with the thick disk population at [Fe/H] $=-1$. It was suggested that the rise in [$\alpha$/Fe] could be caused by an increase in the star formation efficiency (SFE), known as the "simmering" phase scenario. However, gas inflow also plays a vital role in shaping the star formation history and chemical evolution of galaxies. We investigate this unexpected [$\alpha$/Fe]-rise with a statistical experiment involving a galactic chemical evolution (GCE). Our model has five free parameters: the mass of the initial reservoir of the cold interstellar medium (ISM) at birth, the frequency of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), the cooling timescale of the warm ISM, the SFE, and the inflow rate of fresh gas. The last two free parameters were allowed to change after [$\alpha$/Fe] reached its lowest value, dividing the proto-Galaxy epoch into two phases. We find that the rise in [$\alpha$/Fe] is caused by a large inflow of fresh gas and conclude that the [$\alpha$/Fe]-rise is a signature of the cold mode accretion whose materials formed the prototype Milky Way preceding disk formation. Although the SFE is essential in regulating the chemical evolution, it does not necessarily increase to facilitate the [$\alpha$/Fe]-rise. | 9 |
a composition of matter which includes a type of black pigmented , pharmaceutical grade cyanoacrylate , mixed with a small amount of irregular shaped , insoluble polytetrafluoroethene in microfiber powder form , and then professionally applied to the eyelashes creating a semipermanent mascara application that is 100 % waterproof , will not run , smear , or smudge , and lasts 2 to 3 weeks . | 0 |
in the invention , a cathode material for secondary lithium batteries was disclosed . it is a material with composite structures formed with more than two different components selected from a general formula n . the composite structures are formed between crystal clusters within primary particles and / or between primary particles . methods for making such a cathode material were also disclosed in the invention . the cathode material has composite structures formed by compositing different components at nanometer level , which can integrate benefits of different components , resulting in better overall comprehensive properties . | 7 |
a technique for flattening architectural register windows into flattened space depending on a current window pointer to a register window is provided . the technique involves converting an n - bit value of a particular register in a register window to an x - bit value dependent on the current window pointer , where x is greater than n , and where the x - bit value is used for register dependency checking among a plurality of instructions . | 6 |
this document discloses methods , systems , computer readable medium , and a machine for describing , mapping , modeling , generating , recreating , maintaining , archiving , and incorporating emotion or the immersive first - person experiences of self - awareness as data in a computing environment . in a preferable embodiment of the present invention , the method includes analyzing a body , obtaining information regarding at least some of the one or more relationships corresponding to location , topological , directional , distance , or temporal references , and generating a representation of the experience . in a preferable embodiment of the present invention , one or more methods also include the representation of immersive first - person experiences of emotion with other systems and data , the step of using comprising at least one of editing , generating , storing , converting , encoding , transmitting , displaying , editing , and incorporating data from input , output , outcome , result , or derivative values with applications , systems , or instance relevant computing environments . | 6 |
a fastener for securing objects to a slat floor , having a self - centering and self - aligning capability . a first embodiment comprises a body formed of a durable material and having a top surface , a lower surface , at least one side surface , and a central hole extending between the top surface and the lower surface . a second embodiment comprises a body formed of a durable material and having a top surface , a lower surface , at least one side surface , and a central hole extending between the top surface and the lower surface , wherein the top surface of the body has a flat central surface and two sloping upper surfaces starting adjacent to the flat central surface and angling downward toward either end of the body , and a lower fastener component that is coaxial with the central hole . | 5 |
a game machine enabled to make various responses by adding the psychosomatic state and emotion of the player as one of conditions for determining the responding manner . the psychosomatic state of the player is grasped to change the responses in accordance with the psychological state of the player by making use of both a chaos attractor obtained by numerically processing the information sampled from the player and the index indicating the degree how the chaos attractor matches the defining condition of the chaos . | 0 |
a yarn tensioning unit for use in a textile machine that includes a shaft having a pulley mounted for rotation thereon over which yarn is conducted . a pneumatic cylinder is slidably mounted on the shaft which contains a piston that is affixed to the shaft to form an expandable chamber with one end wall of the cylinder . the opposite end wall of the housing is magnetically coupled to the pulley to establish a magnetic brake for the pulley . the spacing between the cylinder end wall and the pulley is adjusted by controlling the flow of fluid into and out of the expandable chamber to vary the magnetic braking force exerted upon the pulley . | 1 |
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