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a method for the manufacture of mixed esters of lactic acid , citric acid and partial glycerides of fatty acids having carboxyl groups neutralized with alkali to a mixed ester acid number of 10 to 200 wherein a mixture of lactic acid and an alkali lactate is formed and in this mixture is esterified either in two steps or one step with the partial glycerides of fatty acids . this process can be carried out with the avoidance of the danger of saponification and also without the use of solvents . | 2 |
provided are a security device and a method for operating same . the security device may conceal an encryption key used for an encryption algorithm in an encryption module in correspondence to security attacks such as reading information on where the encryption key is stored in a memory by disassembling an ic chip , or extracting said information through microprobing . the encryption key may be included as a physical encryption key module in an encryption module , and a certain storage medium for storing the encryption key may be included in the encryption module . accordingly , the encryption key is not transmitted via a bus in a security device for encryption . | 7 |
flame resistance of upholstered furniture is significantly improved by interposing between the cover fabric and the padding or applying to the top side of the cover fabric a layer of neoprene foam capable of forming when exposed to a burning cigarette or under the conditions of a standard flame spread test , a thermally insulating char which does not smolder , and which maintains its structural integrity . the neoprene foam must be so formulated that it also is capable of evolving at combustion temperature sufficient amount of water to efficiently cool the affected area . normally , the latex from which the foam is prepared is formulated with a char promoter and a hydrated inorganic compound . upholstered furniture of this invention passes a burning cigarette test and performs extremely well in the flame spread test . | 1 |
a pneumatic carcass tire having a replaceable tread belt modified by being molded with dual tread patterns of different configurations disposed on the outside and inside surfaces thereof to enable the more efficient and compatible use of the tread belt in alternate , reversible manner for different ground surface and prevailing weather conditions . | 1 |
This paper reports the results from a student-led Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI), also known as technosignatures, targeting the plane of the Milky Way as a part of the Goldstone Apple Valley Radio Telescope (GAVRT) collaboration between the Lewis Center for Educational Research (LCER) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Students associated with LCER submit analytic reports of spectral data targeting specific regions of the Milky Way, identifying interference, noise, and Candidate signals potentially originating from intelligent sources. GAVRT-SETI's search is guided by the assumption that a narrow-band radio signal (<1.5 Hz) from a fixed location in the sky, occurring across multiple observation periods, is unlikely to be caused by instrument noise or by a natural source. Thus, we searched the reported data for similar signals occurring during different observation periods within the same region of sky. No such signals were found. However, our analysis of the frequency distribution of Candidates suggests that at least a few percent of the Candidates are associated with low-level radio-frequency interference. | 9 |
a mobile radiotelephone network , e . g ., operated according to the gsm - or 3gpp - standard , provides several services which have different requirements on network resources . the automated setting up of a connection in the second service is provided in reaction to a desired connection set - up between one of the end devices in the first service , according to pre - determined conditions . | 7 |
a metallized glass fiber optic is braze - bonded or solder - bonded to a metal shim to form a sensor unit that may be spot welded to a structure for monitoring structural strain . preferably shim thermal characteristics are selected to match those of the structure being monitored , and a cover plate protects the fiber after attachment to the shim . alternatively , a non - metallized optical fiber is attached to the metal shim using a special ceramic adhesive coat whose metal constituents thermally match the thermal expansion co - efficient of the shim . after adhesive curing , a protective cover plate is attached . an embodiment for use with an extrinsic fabry - perot type sensor provides a metal plate with a fiber - sized groove that guides the target and the transmit / receive fiber optic elements together to form an air gap . another embodiment metallizes the fiber optic elements with a mask ring having a depressed region into which a cover plate is attached . each of the embodiments may be used with a white light interferometer to provide long term strain measurements at temperatures up to about 1 , 000 ° f ., and may be used in radiation environments . | 6 |
a flyback converter based on a switcher ic with pulse width modulation control of the switching transistor . the pulse width is controlled by changing the input current at the control input . under normal operating conditions the voltage at the control input is maintained at a fixed level , which voltage also serves as a supply voltage for the control unit . a charge pump provides extra charge for the smoothing capacitor at the control input when the load would cause the voltage across the smoothing capacitor to collapse below the fixed level , thereby preventing the control unit from entering the auto - restart mode of the switcher ic . in this way the flyback converter can be used as a constant power source for charging rechargeable batteries with a working voltage lower than the nominal operating output voltage of the converter . | 7 |
a filamentary reinforcement product for composites used in applications requiring high strength and high modulus of elasticity materials , particularly under high temperature service conditions , comprises one mil thick or thicker coatings of boron or boron carbide on a substrate which comprises about a one mil diameter carbon substrate having a catalytically transformed skin layer of highly oriented graphite formed from the carbon substrate using a boron catalyst . | 8 |
a safety braking system mounted to a bike , motorcycle or any other two - wheel linear type of vehicle adapted with a right and a left brake lever to respectively control applying a brake to a front wheel and a rear wheel of the vehicle to control a rear wheel brake to brake a rear wheel first before applying a brake to a front wheel when either brake lever is pulled on any side or simultaneously on both sides of the vehicle to prevent it from easily turning over . | 1 |
an interlocking heat sink is shaped such that it geometrically mates with an adjacent heat sink such that a linear gap for air flow is not formed between adjacent heat sinks . in multiple processor systems , an interlocking heat sink is associated with each processor . | 7 |
the system is applicable to any system having need for a positive stop at the end of a period of travel . in a vertical blind track system , a lead carrier which is typically manipulated by a control wand with universal linkage can include an installable and removable end stop engagement structure . this structure fits onto conventional lead carriers within a slot which is upwardly directed and at one side of the lead carrier . the installable and removable end stop engagement structure has a wide lateral slot , and including a first engagement member for engaging an edge of one end of the slot on the lead carrier , and a second engagement member which is angled and placed next to an extension to facilitate manual engagement and removal of the installable and removable end stop engagement structure . once mounted in place , it aligns with , and is force or momentum inserted into and through a stop engagement aperture . | 4 |
a power gated semiconductor integrated circuit comprises : logic circuit to be power gated , said logic circuit having a virtual ground rail ; footer device disposed between said virtual ground rail and a ground rail for reducing power consumption of said logic circuit ; and virtual rail voltage clamp disposed electrically in parallel with said footer device for limiting the voltage at the virtual ground rail , the virtual rail voltage clamp comprising at least one nfet . a total of n f nfets are connected to the virtual ground rail of the integrated circuit for use as both virtual rail voltage clamps and footer devices . a quantity of n max - vc nfets are scanned and perform the function of voltage clamps and the remaining nfets perform power gating . manufacturing variability immunity and tuning of the variability immunity is achieved by adjusting the quantity n max - vc based upon testing of the manufactured integrated circuit . | 7 |
a total knee replacement prosthesis is presented whose bearing surfaces are derived from an anatomically representative femur and a modified baseline tibial surface . the contacting femoral and tibial bearing surfaces comprise the inter - condylar as well as condylar regions . | 0 |
an apparatus and method is disclosed for manufacturing ozone by treating oxygen or an oxygen bearing gas with uv radiation in the range of from about 130 - 170 nm . the method involves the use of cathode rays to bombard a uv emitting material which emits radiation substantially in the 130 - 170 nm range . the invention takes advantage of the fact that no radiation is generated substantially above 200 nm or below 130 nm which wavelengths tend to destroy ozone . thus , unlike the prior art , the present invention does not both make and destroy ozone , but simply makes ozone . | 1 |
An actively-cooled telescope optimized for far-IR wavelengths is poised to addresses a wide range of astrophysics questions ranging from galaxy evolution to planetary system formation. Tremendous advances are now possible at wavelengths between JWST and the ground-based platforms thanks to improvements in the detector array technology over the last 2 decades. When cooled and on orbit with suitable detector arrays, even a Herschel- or SOFIA-sized telescope can offer observing speed improvements of some 4 orders of magnitude. Astro2020 recognized this opportunity; the far-IR was identified as one of the two options to be considered for NASA's first astrophysics probe to launch near 2030. We are developing the PRobe far-Infrared Mission for Astrophysics, (PRIMA), an actively-cooled space-borne observatory to meet this longstanding scientific need. A broad ensemble of scientific themes drive the design, ranging from deep extragalactic spectroscopy to decode the cosmic history of nucleosynthesis, star formation, and supermassive black-hole growth, to detailed study of water and chemical properties of protoplanetary disks throughout their evolutionary sequence. PRIMA combines a passive thermal design in an earth-sun L2 halo orbit with closed-cycle coolers to support a 2-3 meter telescope cooled to 4 K, and instruments and focal planes cooled to 1 K and below. The telescope includes a field steering mirror for modulation and creation of small maps, and the observatory will be agile to enable wide-field scan mapping as well as for quickly slewing to targets of interest within the field of regard. The primary workhorse instrument is a dispersive direct-detection spectrograph with resolving power between 100 and 300, operating near the fundamental sensitivity limit set by the zodiacal light background. It will cover from 25 to at least 200 microns, with a goal of reaching the onset of the ground-based submm windows at 330 microns. This full range will be covered with 4 or 5 wideband grating spectrometer modules operating simultaneously, each fed with a long slit; this architecture provides both optimal pointed object sensitivity as well as excellent spectral mapping speed. The spectrometer will also be equipped with a mode providing spectral resolving power of several thousand, also covering the full band with incurring only modest sensitivity penalty. A multi-purpose imaging experiment is also under study for PRIMA, its potential applications include narrow-band spectrophotometry over wide fields at the short far-IR wavelengths, and dust polarimetry in bands to be optimized in the course of the study. | 9 |
a liquid titanium - based catalyst and method for preparing polyester polymer thereof are disclosed herein . the catalyst is made by tetrabutyl titanate , 1 - 4 butanediol , phosphate ester , hydroxycarboxylic acid , teos , acetates of metal element through heating reactions in an appropriate amount of solvent . while the catalyst maintains a high activity , the synthetic slices have good hue , with high molecular weight , stable property , resistance to hydrolysis , moreover , the catalyst is a stable multicomponent liquid catalyst based on titanium , silicon . it can be directly added or diluted to add to the raw material ester or oligoester to be poly - condensed used for synthesis of polyesters which can be used in the production of fibers , engineering plastics , films , pet bottles , sheets and profiles , etc . | 2 |
Recent exoplanet statistics indicate that photo-evaporation has a great impact on the mass and bulk composition of close-in low-mass planets. While there are many studies addressing photo-evaporation of hydrogen- or water-rich atmospheres, no detailed investigation regarding rocky vapour atmospheres (or mineral atmospheres) has been conducted. Here, we develop a new 1D hydrodynamic model of the ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated mineral atmosphere composed of Na, Mg, O, Si, their ions and electrons, including molecular diffusion, thermal conduction, photo-/thermochemistry, X-ray and UV heating, and radiative line cooling (i.e. the effects of the optical thickness and non-local thermal equilibrium). The focus of this paper is on describing our methodology but presents some new findings. Our hydrodynamic simulations demonstrate that almost all of the incident X-ray and UV energy from the host star is converted into and lost by the radiative emission of the coolant gas species such as Na, Mg, Mg<SUP>+</SUP>, Si<SUP>2+</SUP>, Na<SUP>3+</SUP>, and Si<SUP>3+</SUP>. For an Earth-size planet orbiting 0.02 au around a young solar-type star, we find that the X-ray and UV heating efficiency is as small as 1 × 10<SUP>-3</SUP>, which corresponds to 0.3 M<SUB>⊕</SUB> Gyr<SUP>-1</SUP> of the mass-loss rate simply integrated over all the directions. Because of such efficient cooling, the photo-evaporation of the mineral atmosphere on hot rocky exoplanets with masses of 1 M<SUB>⊕</SUB> is not massive enough to exert a great influence on the planetary mass and bulk composition. This suggests that close-in high-density exoplanets with sizes larger than the Earth radius survive in the high-UV environments. | 9 |
methods and apparatus are provided for receiving a print file having an actual page size , and a nominal imposition template specifying a nominal page size , and generating an imposition flat for printing . if the actual page size matches the nominal page size , the nominal imposition template is applied to the print file without change . if , however , the actual page size differs from the nominal page size , the nominal imposition template is automatically modified based on the actual page size , and then the modified imposition template is applied to the print file to create the imposition flat . | 6 |
a rare - earth compound selected from the group consisting of rare earth anhydrous oxycarbonate and rare earth hydrated oxycarbonate , with a surface area of at least 10 m 2 / g , suitable for the removal of phosphate from water . | 2 |
a vehicle tailgate extension apparatus and method of using the same . the tailgate extension apparatus generally comprises a u - frame member , a plurality of hinge elements , and a plurality of side braces . the u - frame member may be locked into a plurality of operative positions optionally including a backstop position , an extension position , and a step position . the extension apparatus is stored within the interior of the tailgate until needed , and the extension may be pulled out of the tailgate via a plurality of storage channels . the side braces directly connect the u - frame member to the vehicle tailgate and may be stored within the arms of the u - frame when the extension apparatus is stowed in the tailgate . | 1 |
Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) shocks are violent events that inject large amounts of energy in the interstellar medium dramatically modifying its physical properties and chemical composition. Indirect evidence for the presence of such shocks has been reported from the especial chemistry detected toward a variety of astrophysical shocked environments. However, the internal physical structure of these shocks remains unresolved since their expected spatial scales are too small to be measured with current instrumentation. Here we report the first detection of a fully spatially resolved, MHD shock toward the infrared dark cloud (IRDC) G034.77-00.55. The shock, probed by silicon monoxide (SiO) and observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), is associated with the collision between the dense molecular gas of the cloud and a molecular gas flow pushed toward the IRDC by the nearby supernova remnant (SNR) W44. The interaction is occurring on subparsec spatial scales thanks to the enhanced magnetic field of the SNR, making the dissipation region of the MHD shock large enough to be resolved with ALMA. Our observations suggest that molecular flow-flow collisions can be triggered by stellar feedback, inducing shocked molecular gas densities compatible with those required for massive star formation. | 9 |
The short-lived <SUP>26</SUP>Al and <SUP>60</SUP>Fe radionuclides are synthesized and expelled into the interstellar medium by core-collapse supernova events. The solar system’s first solids, calcium-aluminum refractory inclusions (CAIs), contain evidence for the former presence of the <SUP>26</SUP> Al nuclide defining the canonical <SUP>26</SUP>Al/<SUP>27</SUP> Al ratio of ∼ 5× {10}<SUP>-5</SUP>. A different class of objects temporally related to canonical CAIs are CAIs with fractionation and unidentified nuclear effects (FUN CAIs), which record a low initial <SUP>26</SUP>Al/<SUP>27</SUP>Al of 10<SUP>-6</SUP>. The contrasting level of <SUP>26</SUP>Al between these objects is often interpreted as reflecting the admixing of the <SUP>26</SUP>Al nuclides during the early formative phase of the Sun. We use giant molecular cloud scale adaptive mesh-refinement numerical simulations to trace the abundance of <SUP>26</SUP>Al and <SUP>60</SUP>Fe in star-forming gas during the early stages of accretion of individual low-mass protostars. We find that the <SUP>26</SUP>Al/<SUP>27</SUP>Al and <SUP>60</SUP>Fe/<SUP>56</SUP>Fe ratios of accreting gas within a vicinity of 1000 au of the stars follow the predicted decay curves of the initial abundances at the time of star formation without evidence of spatial or temporal heterogeneities for the first 100 kyr of star formation. Therefore, the observed differences in <SUP>26</SUP>Al/<SUP>27</SUP>Al ratios between FUN and canonical CAIs are likely not caused by admixing of supernova material during the early evolution of the proto-Sun. Selective thermal processing of dust grains is a more viable scenario to account for the heterogeneity in <SUP>26</SUP>Al/<SUP>27</SUP>Al ratios at the time of solar system formation. | 9 |
a device test handler and a method for operating the same provide a significant reduction of the picking up and placing time periods , and reduce possible damage to the devices being tested . devices and methods embodying the invention facilitate room temperature and high temperature testing within one device test handler to maximize testing efficiency . a test handler embodying the invention may include a pre - heater for pre - heating the devices on a loading shuttle as the loading shuttle passes to a test chamber . an indexing device in a test chamber of the device is used for successively transferring the devices from a loading shuttle to the test socket , and tested devices from the test socket to an unloading shuttle . heat supply means may be provided for supplying a high temperature heat to the test chamber when the devices are required to be tested in a hot state . an unloading part having a plurality of trays movably fitted on the base is used to transfer devices from an unloading shuttle to output trays based on the testing results . | 6 |
We define QSE, a symbolic execution framework for quantum programs by integrating symbolic variables into quantum states and the outcomes of quantum measurements. The soundness of QSE is established through a theorem that ensures the correctness of symbolic execution within operational semantics. We further introduce symbolic stabilizer states, which symbolize the phases of stabilizer generators, for the efficient analysis of quantum error correction (QEC) programs. Within the QSE framework, we can use symbolic expressions to characterize the possible discrete Pauli errors in QEC, providing a significant improvement over existing methods that rely on sampling with simulators. We implement QSE with the support of symbolic stabilizer states in a prototype tool named QuantumSE.jl. Our experiments on representative QEC codes, including quantum repetition codes, Kitaev's toric codes, and quantum Tanner codes, demonstrate the efficiency of QuantumSE.jl for debugging QEC programs with over 1000 qubits. In addition, by substituting concrete values in symbolic expressions of measurement results, QuantumSE.jl is also equipped with a sampling feature for stabilizer circuits. Despite a longer initialization time than the state-of-the-art stabilizer simulator, Google's Stim, QuantumSE.jl offers a quicker sampling rate in the experiments. | 9 |
a call admission control method which operates in a network including at least one target cell and a plurality of neighboring cells under a variety of conditions . when only common measurements are available , the cac function at a controlling remote network controller determines whether to accept or reject a request to setup or reconfigure a radio access bearer based on common measurements of the target cell and neighboring cells , estimated common measurements after admission , and load measurements of the target cell and the neighboring cells . when no measurements are available , the cac function at the crnc determines whether to accept or reject the request based on estimated load of the target cell and neighboring cells . the load is estimated based on the signal - to - interference ratio of the requested radio access bearer , and the sir of existing coded composite transport channels in the target cell and neighboring cells . | 7 |
a clamping assembly is disclosed for constricting an object , such as hoses or the like . the clamping assembly includes a clamp unit and , preferably , a roll formed band . the clamp unit includes a pair of spaced , parallel shelves . a longitudinal gap is created between the two shelves for receiving portions of the band . an interior shelf of the two shelves includes locking teeth . the clamping assembly is characterized by a sidewise joining of the clamp unit and band portions . the clamping assembly also includes a worm screw for engaging other portions of the band . | 8 |
a method and system for browsing a virtual environment provides the user simultaneously with both a standard and a rear or side view of the virtual environment . the invention facilitates locating items of interest in a wide variety of virtual reality applications . | 6 |
the invention relates to a hydrogen storage material comprising an alloy of magnesium . the invention further relates to an electrochemically active material and an electrochemical cell provided with at least one electrode comprising such a hydrogen storage material . also , the invention relates to electronic equipment comprising such an electrochemical cell . | 7 |
a method of steering a channel estimation search window , the method comprising providing a series of raw cir tap values to span a channel estimation search window containing a sub - window whose contents are intended to be passed for further processing to produce a refined cir estimate , determining , amongst a plurality of groups of continuous tap values within the window , the group containing the largest amount of signal energy and time - shifting the window as necessary to arrange that the group so determined occupies the sub - window . | 7 |
While feedback from massive stars exploding as supernovae (SNe) is thought to be one of the key ingredients regulating galaxy formation, theoretically it is still unclear how the available energy couples to the interstellar medium and how galactic scale outflows are launched. We present a novel implementation of six sub-grid SN feedback schemes in the moving-mesh code AREPO, including injections of thermal and/or kinetic energy, two parametrizations of delayed cooling feedback and a `mechanical' feedback scheme that injects the correct amount of momentum depending on the relevant scale of the SN remnant resolved. All schemes make use of individually time-resolved SN events. Adopting isolated disc galaxy set-ups at different resolutions, with the highest resolution runs reasonably resolving the Sedov-Taylor phase of the SN, we aim to find a physically motivated scheme with as few tunable parameters as possible. As expected, simple injections of energy overcool at all but the highest resolution. Our delayed cooling schemes result in overstrong feedback, destroying the disc. The mechanical feedback scheme is efficient at suppressing star formation, agrees well with the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation, and leads to converged star formation rates and galaxy morphologies with increasing resolution without fine-tuning any parameters. However, we find it difficult to produce outflows with high enough mass loading factors at all but the highest resolution, indicating either that we have oversimplified the evolution of unresolved SN remnants, require other stellar feedback processes to be included, and require a better star formation prescription or most likely some combination of these issues. | 9 |
the present invention relates to the fields of illuminated signs and displays , and to decorative and specialist lighting fixtures . a light transmissive device includes a panel having a cavity for housing a light source , the panel having surfaces such that light emitted from a light source in the cavity propagating along the panel will be substantially totally internally reflected . the invention provides a construction that allows for a slim lighting panel with an innovative feature in the form of an illuminated edge at the sides of the light transmissive device , of any colour , thus providing a display device with a high visual impact . | 8 |
an integrated hydrostatic transaxle having a common housing for a hydrostatic transmission and a pair of oppositely - extending differentially - connected axles to have the common housing provide a common sump therefor and with a specifically - shaped center section interconnecting the pair of hydraulic displacement units constituting the hydrostatic transmission . the center section is a unitary member separate from the common housing , with the exterior thereof exposed to the common sump . the center section has passages and arcuate ports which are interconnected by certain of said passages and which are located whereby the center section may be cast to minimize any machining required to finish the center section . such casting can result in a porous center section with possible leakage from a passage having high pressure fluid . however , such leakage is not a problem since the leakage would not be through the wall of the common housing but to the common sump within the common housing which is at atmospheric pressure because of the center section being separate from the common housing . | 1 |
Version 0.12.1 introduces a new argument to arviz.summary: stat_focus to choose between using the mean and highest density intervals or the median and equal-tail intervals as summaries. It also has several doc improvements and bug fixes. See detailed changelog | 9 |
this invention relates to an improved valve gated injection molding system in which the heated nozzle has a nose portion which extends through a cylindrical opening in the cavity plate to the cavity . the valve gate extends through the nose portion and is tapered so that the forward face of the nose portion can be machined to a predetermined length to provide a gate of a particular size . this has the advantage of improving heat transfer to the gate area and reducing the accuracy required of the moldmaker in that both the valve pin and the matching seat in the gate are provided by the manufacturer . furthermore , each size of nozzle can be adapted for several different gate sizes which reduces manufacturing and inventory costs . | 8 |
muscle fatigue monitor featuring , in one aspect , detecting a myoelectric signal and providing an electrical output ; providing a first signal corresponding to a portion of said output having frequency components above a first cutoff frequency , and a second signal corresponding to a portion of said output having frequency components below a second cutoff frequency ; providing a control signal corresponding to the difference in magnitude between said first and second signals ; varying said cutoff frequencies in accordance with the value of said control signal ; and displaying the variation of said cutoff frequencies as a function of time . | 0 |
an alternate access mechanism provides reduced cost internet access using a streamlined sign - on procedure . the alternate access mechanism employs a specialized access medium including an array of nodes interconnected back to a trunk line access point . the trunk line access point allows greatly reduced cost because of competitive access to the internet backbone . the interconnected nodes include readily available components , such as wireless routers , microwave radios , and routers , and / or integrated versions thereof which leverage close proximity to adjacent nodes for establishing a path back to the trunk line access point . subscriber access is facilitated by a “ one click ” or “ minimal click ” sign on sequence by startup logic encoded in the components and through a web service for identifying the nearest adjacent node , establishing communication with the adjacent node via an access token such as an ssid , automatically reconfiguring the subscriber &# 39 ; s newly connected node and reestablishing a traffic connection , all following user assent to the sign - on conditions . | 7 |
the present invention discloses a vegetation pruning device comprising a main body ; a cutting element ; a guide bar for supporting the cutting element ; a motor for driving the cutting element ; a first handle assembly ; a second handle assembly ; a locking mechanism for detachably securing the second handle assembly to the first handle assembly ; a connecting mechanism being positioned between the first handle assembly and the guide bar ; the first handle assembly or the second handle assembly being operable to move linearly toward to or away from the guide bar , the connecting mechanism is provided to change the linearly movement of the first or the second handle assembly to the pivoting of the guide bar . both of the first handle assembly and the second handle assembly are moving linearly , which makes the operator feel comfortable in any working instance . | 1 |
a method is disclosed for managing multiple data streams transported over a common communications resource in a packet network , wherein data flowing through the resource travels in both directions , and wherein each stream is subject to data peaks . the round trip delay is determined for each data stream , and the transmission of data peaks in one or more of the data streams is delayed to at least reduce the degree of coincidence in the data peaks of different streams without increasing the maximum round trip delay for the data streams . | 7 |
a new and distinctive variety of the kiwi plant , actinidia deliciosa , named ‘ tsechelidis ’ is described . the new variety is characterized by very large oblong fruit covered with downy hairs , and very broad ovate leaves having acuminate apexes , among other features . the size and uniformity of the fruit provide significantly higher yield than other known varieties of kiwi . | 0 |
a method of geochemical prospecting for buried sulphur mineralization which comprises collecting relatively organic free soil samples and determining the carbon isotope composition of the carbonate fraction . | 6 |
provided is an optical phase modulating method and apparatus for a quantum key distribution . when an optical phase modulator is arranged outside an optical interferometer , a configuration of the optical interferometer may be simplified , and an extension of an optical path caused by the optical phase modulator , instability and an insertion loss increased in the optical interferometer , and the like , may be overcome . an output feature may be improved by adjusting an applied voltage of the optical phase modulator arranged outside the optical interferometer . | 7 |
the invention provides oxygen - resistant iron - hydrogenases - hydrogenases ) for use in the production of h 2 . methods used in the design and engineering of the oxygen - resistant - hydrogenases are disclosed , as are the methods of transforming and culturing appropriate host cells with the oxygen - resistant - hydrogenases . finally , the invention provides methods for utilizing the transformed , oxygen insensitive , host cells in the bulk production of h 2 in a light catalyzed reaction having water as the reactant . | 2 |
a polishing apparatus is employed to polish an object to be polished by urging the surface of the object to be polished against the surface of a polishing cloth and causing a relative movement therebetween , while supplying a polishing liquid into an area between the object to be polished and the polishing cloth . a plurality of nozzles spray respective fluid jets to strike against the surface of the cloth . the plurality of nozzles include more than one type of nozzle which vary flow velocity , flow rate , angle of spray , and cross - sectional configuration of a jet . the plurality of nozzles have axes positioned at a location at different distances from the rotation axis of the polishing cloth . | 1 |
a calibrated air intake tract for internal combustion engine is disclosed . the intake includes a mass airflow sensor section that defines an inner diameter that differs from the diameter of the overall intake air tract piping . the mass airflow sensor length and diameter are precision - tuned in order to provide the best engine performance without the typical “ check engine ” light being lit due to faulty mass airflow sensor readings . in those vehicles where necessary , an insert of the appropriate size and in the proper location is added to the interior wall of the mafs section in order to correct final fuel trim level inadequacies . | 5 |
Deep optical photometric data on the NGC 7538 region were collected and combined with archival data sets from the Chandra, 2MASS and Spitzer surveys to generate a new catalogue of young stellar objects (YSOs) including those not showing infrared excess emission. This new catalogue is complete down to 0.8 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>. The nature of the YSOs associated with the NGC 7538 region and their spatial distribution are used to study the star-formation process and the resultant mass function (MF) in the region. Out of the 419 YSOs, ∼91 per cent have ages between 0.1 and 2.5 Myr and ∼86 per cent have masses between 0.5 and 3.5 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>, as derived by the spectral energy distribution fitting analysis. Around 24, 62 and 2 per cent of these YSOs are classified to be class I, class II and class III sources, respectively. The X-ray activities for the class I, class II and class III objects are not significantly different from each other. This result implies that the enhanced X-ray surface flux due to the increase in the rotation rate may be compensated for by the decrease in the stellar surface area during the pre-main-sequence evolution. Our analysis shows that the O3V type high-mass star IRS 6 may have triggered the formation of young low-mass stars up to a radial distance of 3 pc. The MF shows a turn-off at around 1.5 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> and the value of its slope Γ in the mass range 1.5 < M/M<SUB>⊙</SUB> < 6 is -1.76 ± 0.24, which is steeper than the Salpeter value. | 9 |
a method for removing an unwanted chemical from a working fluid of a system includes : 1 ) pumping into a tank a working fluid that includes an unwanted , first chemical ; 2 ) injecting into the tank a second chemical in an amount that provides or substantially provides a stoichiometric ratio relative to the amount of the unwanted , first chemical in the working fluid ; 3 ) mixing the second chemical with the working fluid in a first portion of the tank to generate a molecule that precipitates out of the working fluid and that includes the unwanted , first chemical ; 4 ) holding the working fluid in a second portion of the tank to separate the molecule from the working fluid ; and 5 ) ejecting the working fluid from the second portion . the flow rate of the working fluid and the size of the first and second portions of the separation tank are coordinated to make the working fluid take at least 4 minutes to flow through the tank . | 2 |
a method of correcting color imbalance in a captured image includes deriving gradient data from a group of pixels in the captured image , determining a compensation value based on the gradient data , and applying that value to at least one pixel . apparatus for correcting color imbalance includes a digital image processor that corrects color imbalance , in an image that is output by an image detector , according to the method . each pixel may represent a color from a set of colors , with one particular color being a selected color , and each pixel to which the compensation value is applied representing the selected color . where the group of pixels forms a rectangular shape , the gradient data may include horizontal and vertical gradients . the classifying may be performed according to a visual characteristic of a portion of the image , where determining the compensation value is based also on the visual characteristic . | 7 |
a police baton or billy having a short crosshandle extending therefrom to enable a high - speed sweeping motion and other defensive maneuvers of the baton . the crosshandle has a rotatable sleeve or ring which is gripped by part of the hand when the baton is spun about the crosshandle axis . a stationary portion of the handle adjacent the sleeve is gripped to decelerate the baton at the end of the spinning or sweeping motion . | 5 |
an umbrella type quick wire removal device for winding machines including a shaft , a shaft collar , an umbrella type pawl mechanism , an inner annular plate , a take mechanism , and an outer annular plate . the device is characterized in that , when the take mechanism is pulled outwardly along the direction of a main shaft of the shaft after the winding operation , guide wheels in base rods of the pawl mechanism lose support of a securing seat so that the base rods retract inwardly using the holes of the corresponding shaft brackets to allow removal of the wound wire . the pawl mechanism may be connected to wire guide so that an end of the bundle of wound wire may be passed out through a through hole for easy pulling of the wire . | 1 |
a method for growing silicon single crystal uses as materials , silicon granules prepared by the silane process and having a residual hydrogen concentration of 7 . 5 wtppm or less , silicon granules prepared by the trichlorosilane process and having a residual chlorine concentration of 15 wtppm or less . in the case where such silicon granules are used , a bursting phenomenon does not occur when the silicon granules are melted . as a result , there is no scattered matter due to the bursting phenomenon , whereby the growth condition of the single crystal is not disturbed . | 2 |
Radio-mode feedback is a key ingredient in galaxy formation and evolution models, required to reproduce the observed properties of massive galaxies in the local Universe. We study the cosmic evolution of radio-active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback out to z ~ 2.5 using a sample of 9485 radio-excess AGN. We combine the evolving radio luminosity functions with a radio luminosity scaling relationship to estimate AGN jet kinetic powers and derive the cosmic evolution of the kinetic luminosity density, Ω<SUB>kin</SUB> (i.e. the volume-averaged heating output). Compared to all radio-AGN, low-excitation radio galaxies dominate the feedback activity out to z ~ 2.5, with both these populations showing a constant heating output of $\Omega _{\rm {kin}} \approx (4\!-\!5) \times 10^{32}\, \rm {W\, Mpc^{-3}}$ across 0.5 < z < 2.5. We compare our observations to predictions from semi-analytical and hydrodynamical simulations, which broadly match the observed evolution in Ω<SUB>kin</SUB>, although their absolute normalization varies. Comparison to the Semi-Analytic Galaxy Evolution (SAGE) model suggests that radio-AGN may provide sufficient heating to offset radiative cooling losses, providing evidence for a self-regulated AGN feedback cycle. We integrate the kinetic luminosity density across cosmic time to obtain the kinetic energy density output from AGN jets throughout cosmic history to be $\sim 10^{50}\, \rm {J\, Mpc^{-3}}$. Compared to AGN winds, the kinetic energy density from AGN jets dominates the energy budget at z ≲ 2; this suggests that AGN jets play an important role in AGN feedback across most of cosmic history. | 9 |
a method for producing a return from investment funds includes receiving a principal ; identifying first and second investment funds ; contracting with a client to establish payment of first and second fees associated with the first and second investment fund , respectively ; distributing the principal among the first and second investment fund ; obtaining first and second yields for the first and second investment fund , respectively , wherein the first yield is larger than the second yield ; identifying an anchor and lagging fund ; conveying the first yield to the client ; receiving the first fee from the anchor fund ; determining a yield enhancement by subtracting the second yield from the first yield ; determining an enhanced yield by adding the yield enhancement to the second yield ; conveying the enhanced yield to the client ; determining the second fee by subtracting the yield enhancement from the first fee ; and receiving the second fee from the lagging fund . | 6 |
a method for automatically detecting a segment where a mosaic fade , formed by a plurality of tiles , occurs in a digital video , the method comprising the steps of : locating the segment of the digital video containing the plurality of tiles in each frame ; detecting whether the tiles , within the located segment , have a predetermined increase or decrease in size from one frame to a next frame ; identifying a boundary of the mosaic fade based on the previous step . | 7 |
a fluid jet nozzle for a decoking tool , a decoking tool and method of operating same . the nozzle includes a nozzle assembly for use in a fluid jet decoking tool . the assembly includes a housing to hold one or more nozzles that are used to spray or otherwise distribute decoking fluid . an internal flowpath that extends from an inlet of the nozzle to an outlet of the nozzle defines a tapered shape such that when the decoking fluid passes through the nozzle , the flowpath produces a predominantly coherent flow pattern in the fluid . | 2 |
First, we study the final masses of giant planets growing in protoplanetary disks through capture of disk gas, by employing empirical formulae for the gas capture rate and a shallow disk gap model, which are both based on hydrodynamic simulations. We find that, for planets less massive than 10 Jupiter masses, their growth rates are mainly controlled by the gas supply through the global disk accretion, and the gap opening does not limit the accretion. The insufficient gas supply compared with the rapid gas capture causes a depletion of the gas surface density even at the outside the gap, which can create an inner hole in the disk. Second, our findings are applied to the formation of our solar system. For the formation of Jupiter, a very low-mass gas disk of several Jupiter masses is required at the beginning of its gas capture because of the continual capture. Such a low-mass gas disk with sufficient solid material can be formed through viscous evolution from a compact disk of initial size ∼10 au. By viscous evolution with a moderate viscosity of α ∼ 10<SUP>-3</SUP>, most of the disk gas accretes onto the Sun and a widely spread low-mass gas disk remains when the solid core of Jupiter starts gas capture at t ∼ 10<SUP>7</SUP> yr. A very low-mass gas disk also provides a plausible path where type I and II planetary migrations are both suppressed significantly. In particular, the type II migration of Jupiter-size planets becomes inefficient because of the additional gas depletion due to the rapid gas capture by such planets. | 9 |
a secure card is described that includes a front surface , a back surface , a memory operably placed between the surfaces , the memory having an interface to an external device , a removable image transfer film having a releasable coating disbursed thereon , at least one digitally created image originally applied to the releasable coating in reverse image format , and an adhesive layer . the adhesive layer is operable such that the at least one digitally created image is between the releasable coating and the adhesive layer . the adhesive layer is applied adjacent one or more target surfaces associated with at least one of the surfaces , a selective release transfer process utilized such that the portions of the adhesive layer adjacent the at least one digitally created image remain on the surfaces when the image transfer film is removed from the card . | 6 |
an improved wet strength resin prepared from a polyamine and an epihalohydrin is obtained with improved yield if the polyamine is formed by the polymerization of a quaternary amine in the presence of an anion derived from an acid in which the final pka is less than 2 . | 3 |
an interconnect structure is disclosed comprising a collection of input ports , a collection of output ports , and a switching element . data enters the switching element only at specific data entry times . the interconnect structure includes a collection of synchronizing elements . data in the form of packets enter the input ports in an asynchronous fashion . the data packets pass from the input ports to the synchronizing units . the data exits the synchronizing units and enters the switching element with each packet arriving at the switching element at a specific data entry time . | 7 |
pulsed light sources , such as a flashlamp or laser , remove coatings from substrates via the ablation method . a photodetector circuit , sensing reflected light from the surface being ablated , provides a feedback signal that indicates the reflected color intensity of the surface being ablated . the boundary between the coatings or substrate surfaces is distinguished by a change in color intensity between an upper coating and an undercoating , e . g ., between a topcoat of paint and a primer coat of paint , or between a coating and the substrate surface itself . the color intensity determination thus provides a measure relative to when one coating has been removed and another coating remains . the photodetector circuit is also useful for providing feedback information relative to the quality of a stripped work surface for quality control or other purposes . | 1 |
a vending arrangement for computerized vending machines , retail displays , automated retail stores , utilizes a centralized , robotic gantry associated with companion modules for vending a plurality of selectable products . the modularized design enables deployment of half - sized or larger , full sized machines . the robotic gantry is deployed in a centralized module disposed adjacent display and inventory modules . inventory modules can be fitted to both gantry sides , and doors can be fitted to the gantry front or rear . the gantry comprises an internal , vertically displaceable elevator utilizing a central conveyor for laterally , horizontally moving selected items from associated display and inventory positions to a vending position . computerized software enables the display and vending functions , and controls elevator movement to dispense products from twin sides of the gantry by appropriately controlling the conveyor . | 6 |
there is provided a wound healing composition which comprises at least one oxidant , at least one photoactivator capable of activating the oxidant and at least one healing factor chosen from hyaluronic acid , glucosamine and allantoin in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier . in addition , a method of topically treating wounds using at least one oxidant and at least one photoactivator capable of activating the oxidant followed by illumination of said photosensitizer is disclosed . | 0 |
functionalized bis - peptides as well as other amide - containing compounds are obtained by acylation of hindered amines . the functionalized bis - peptides are useful as shape - programmable nanostructures that are immune to denaturation and that contain arrays of functional groups having designed catalytic , protein - binding and / or sensor capabilities . | 2 |
the invention discloses use of peptide containing an essential ventricular myosin light chain type 1 amino acid sequence , which is functional as cleavage site for caspase - 3 , in the screening for a compound for the treatment of chronic or acute cardiovascular disease . further , screening methods for inhibitors of the caspase - 3 - mediated cleavage of vmlc1 are disclosed . | 6 |
a method and apparatus for adjusting a gain for each position of a plasma display panel for improving a brightness uniformity of a picture field is disclosed . in the method and apparatus , a gain of data to be displayed at a first position of a field of the plasma display panel is controlled into a first gain value . a gain of data to be displayed at a second position of said field is controlled into a second gain value . | 6 |
a method of creating a music file comprising a plurality of tracks to be played simultaneously when the music file is played . the method includes creating a main melody track by selecting a respective pitch and duration of a plurality of notes , selecting a style of accompaniment music , retrieving accompaniment tracks for the selected style of accompaniment music from a memory , and combining the main melody track and the accompaniment tracks to create the music file . | 6 |
the present invention relates to use of an organic matrix material for producing an organic semiconductor material , characterized in that the organic matrix material is comprised at least partly of a spirobifluorene compound , and the glass transition temperature of the organic matrix material is at least 120 ° c . and the highest occupied molecular orbital of the matrix material is at a maximum energy level of 5 . 4 ev ; and also to an organic semiconductor material and electronic component . | 8 |
a motion sensing device for sensing infrared rays includes a substrate ; an optical module , including a first spacer layer , coupled to the substrate ; a first glass layer , formed on the first spacer layer ; a second spacer layer , formed on the first glass layer ; a second glass layer , formed on the second spacer layer ; a third spacer layer , formed on the second glass layer ; a first lens , bonding on a first side of the second glass layer ; and a second layer , bonding on a second side relative to the first side of the second glass layer ; and a coating layer , covered on the optical layer for shielding the infrared rays , wherein the coating layer does not cover the first lens . | 8 |
an electronic detection circuit recognizes a test signal and causes the battery saving feature in a paging receiver to be suspended for a testing period . during testing and receiving periods , battery power is continuously supplied to a receiving circuit . at other times , power is intermittently supplied to the receiving circuit in a prescribed cycle . | 8 |
an display device comprising a plurality of pixel define units is disclosed . each pixel define unit comprises patterned pixel define sections , a first electrode layer , an emission layer and a second electrode layer . the patterned pixel define section has a first lateral surface and a second lateral surface opposite to the first lateral surface . the first electrode layer comprises a first sub - electrode and a second sub - electrode . the first and second sub - electrodes are spaced apart from each other and respectively disposed on the first and second lateral surfaces . the emission layer is disposed on the first electrode layer . the second electrode layer is disposed on the emission layer . | 7 |
Context. Most massive stars are located in multiple stellar systems. Magnetic fields are believed to be essential in the accretion and ejection processes around single massive protostars. <BR /> Aims: Our aim is to unveil the influence of magnetic fields in the formation of multiple massive stars, in particular on the fragmentation modes and properties of the multiple protostellar system. <BR /> Methods: Using RAMSES, we follow the collapse of a massive pre-stellar core with (non-ideal) radiation-(magneto-)hydrodynamics. We choose a setup that promotes multiple stellar system formation in order to investigate the influence of magnetic fields on the multiple system's properties. <BR /> Results: In the purely hydrodynamical models, we always obtain (at least) binary systems following the fragmentation of an axisymmetric density bump in a Toomre-unstable disk around the primary sink. This result sets the frame for further study of stellar multiplicity. When more than two stars are present in these early phases, their gravitational interaction triggers mergers until there are only two stars left. The following gas accretion increases their orbital separation, and hierarchical fragmentation occurs so that both stars host a comparable disk as well as a stellar system that then also forms a similar disk. Disk-related fragmenting structures are qualitatively resolved when the finest resolution is approximately 1/20 of the disk radius. We identify several modes of fragmentation: Toomre-unstable disk fragmentation, arm-arm collision, and arm-filament collision. Disks grow in size until they fragment and become truncated as the newly formed companion gains mass. When including magnetic fields, the picture evolves: The primary disk is initially elongated into a bar; it produces less fragments; disk formation and arm-arm collision are captured at comparatively higher resolution; and arm-filament collision is absent. Magnetic fields reduce the initial orbital separation but do not affect its further evolution, which is mainly driven by gas accretion. With magnetic fields, the growth of individual disks is regulated even in the absence of fragmentation or truncation. <BR /> Conclusions: Hierarchical fragmentation is seen in unmagnetized and magnetized models. Magnetic fields, including non-ideal effects, are important because they remove certain fragmentation modes and limit the growth of disks, which is otherwise only limited through fragmentation. | 9 |
a device for measuring the spring compression position of a motor vehicle , with a number of axle components and a chassis includes spring elements arranged between the axle components and the chassis , as well as with at least one magnet array and at least one magnetic field sensor . the magnetic field sensor is displaced in relation to the magnet array in the case of a change in the spring compression position of the motor vehicle . the magnet array or the magnetic field sensor is arranged at a point of the spring element that moves in case of a change in the spring compression position in relation to both the chassis and in relation to the axle component . | 6 |
in the autostereoscopic display which provides with the display with non - luminescence area between blue , red , green forms between each pixel and the each pixel , each display parts , the lens sheet where a lot of lenses were displayed , and the diffusion board placed between the above mentioned display and the above mentioned lens sheet , characterized by putting cut along the non - luminescence area on the above mentioned diffusion board from display side along the non - luminescence area between each pixel . | 7 |
We study the recent star formation histories (SFHs) of 575 intermediate-mass galaxies (IMGs, 10<SUP>9</SUP> ≤ M/M <SUB>⊙</SUB> ≤ 10<SUP>10</SUP>) in COSMOS at 0.3 < z < 0.4 by comparing their Hα and UV luminosities. These two measurements trace star formation rates (SFRs) on different timescales and together reveal fluctuations in recent activity. We compute L <SUB>Hα </SUB> from Magellan IMACS spectroscopy, while L <SUB>UV</SUB> is derived from rest-frame 2800 Å photometry. Dust corrections are applied to each band independently. We compare the deviation of L <SUB>Hα </SUB> and L <SUB>UV</SUB> from their respective star-forming sequences (i.e., ${\rm{\Delta }}\mathrm{log}{L}_{{\rm{H}}\alpha }$ and ${\rm{\Delta }}\mathrm{log}{L}_{\mathrm{UV}}$ ), and after accounting for observational uncertainties we find a small intrinsic scatter between the two quantities (σ <SUB> δ </SUB> ≲ 0.03 dex). This crucial observational constraint precludes strong fluctuations in the recent SFHs of IMGs: simple linear SFH models indicate that a population of IMGs would be limited to only factors of ≲2 change in SFR over 200 Myr and ≲30% on shorter timescales of 20 Myr. No single characteristic SFH for IMGs, such as an exponentially rising/falling burst, can reproduce the individual and joint distribution of ${\rm{\Delta }}\mathrm{log}{L}_{{\rm{H}}\alpha }$ and ${\rm{\Delta }}\mathrm{log}{L}_{\mathrm{UV}}$ . Instead, an ensemble of SFHs is preferred. Finally, we find that IMG SFHs predicted by recent hydrodynamic simulations, in which feedback drives rapid and strong SFR fluctuations, are inconsistent with our observations. | 9 |
an internal combustion engine comprises a cylinder block including cylinder barrels , and main bearing bulkheads each having a bearing section ; main bearing cap sections respectively secured to the bearing bulkheads so that each main bearing cap section and the corresponding cylinder block bearing section associate to constitute a main bearing for rotatably supporting a crankshaft ; and a bearing beam structure detachably secured to the main bearing cap sections to connect the main bearing cap sections with each other as a single unit , the bearing beam structure including a plurality of beam sections which are disposed parallel with each other and extend along the row of the main bearing cap sections , the beam sections being connected with each other , thereby effectively decreasing engine noise while facilitating the handling of the engine parts before assembly . | 5 |
a fire extinguishing agent may include a foam and at least one inert gas combined with the foam . a method of extinguishing a fire including a burning metal and / or a burning metal compound and also including a burning plastic material and / or a burning paper material may include combining a foam and at least one inert gas to form a fire extinguishing agent , and applying the fire extinguishing agent to the fire . | 0 |
Direct collapse black holes are the leading candidates for the origin of the first supermassive black holes. However, the role of magnetic fields during their formation is still unclear as none of the previous studies has been evolved long enough to assess their impact during the accretion phase. Here, we report the results from a suite of 3D cosmological magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations which are evolved for 1.6 Myr comparable to the expected lifetime of supermassive stars (SMSs). Our findings suggest that magnetic fields are rapidly amplified by strong accretion shocks irrespective of the initial magnetic field strength and reach the saturation state. They stabilize the accretion disks and significantly reduce fragmentation by enhancing the Jeans mass in comparison with pure hydrodynamical runs. Although the initial clump masses are larger in MHD runs, the rapid coalescence of clumps in non-MHD cases due to the higher degree of fragmentation results in similar masses. Overall, the central clumps have masses of 10<SUP>5</SUP> M <SUB>⊙</SUB> and the mean mass accretion rates of ~0.1 M <SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>-1</SUP> are similar in both MHD and non-MHD cases. The multiplicity of SMSs is significantly reduced in MHD simulations. Such strongly amplified magnetic fields are expected to launch jets and outflows which may be detected with upcoming radio telescopes. | 9 |
for use , for example , in an anti - theft device having a lock , a piston moves in a cylinder having variant bores which provide upper and lower tapers . during factory assembly , a soft metal liner is deformed upon such tapers whereby to prevent , during later operational use , unwanted leakage of a pressure fluid either within or to the outside of the piston - cylinder assembly . | 8 |
a shadow mask type of cathode ray tube is improved by corrugation of the mask and support of the corrugated mask at points of inflection at the edges of the mask . | 7 |
an apparatus for use in a storage device having at least two clusters , each including a disk control device having a plurality of channel controllers that send and receive commands and data to and from an upper system , a plurality of disk controllers that control disk units , and a cache that temporarily stores data between the upper system and the disk units . the apparatus includes a first bus included in a first cluster . the first bus is connected to the channel controller , the disk controller and the cache of the first cluster . a second bus is included in a second cluster . the second bus is connected to the channel controller , the disk controller and the cache of the second cluster . a common resource is connected to the first bus of the first cluster and the second bus of the second cluster . the common resource includes a specified set of data which is commonly accessible from each of the channel controllers or the disk controllers of the clusters . | 6 |
an ion beam milling system for the preparation of transmission electron microscope specimens suitable for atomic resolution imaging , particularly of iii - v and ii - vi compound semiconductors and their alloys , is described . the system includes ion beam sources and reactive molecular gas jets which may be operated in combination or separately , as appropriate . a new heated specimen holder , giving greatly increased reaction rates with the molecular gas jet , allows milling angles very close to zero . | 6 |
an optical head apparatus applicable to an optical disc apparatus comprises , a case body having an open surface and a window through which an opto - electronic component can be positioned and housing optical components inside it , a lid being attachable and detachable with respect to the open surface of the case body , and a flexible printed circuit board having a base portion which is adhered to the lid and on which electronic components are mounted and a protruding portion protruding from the base portion and having an opto - electronic component fixed to the distal end portion of it , the opto - electronic component being electrically connected with an electronic circuit which is formed by the electronic components , the distal end portion of the protruding portion of the flexible printed circuit board being fixed to the case body so that the opto - electronic component is position to the window . | 6 |
a rotary power transmission device includes a torque converter , which transmits rotary power between coaxial power input and power output shafts , and a lock up clutch between the power input and power output shafts , which includes first and second plate elements which can be biased towards or away from one another . the first clutch plate element is connected to the power input shaft . in a generally annular space defined between the outer part of the generally toroidal torque converter and the outer part of the second clutch plate element there is disposed a rotary damper which rotationally couples together the second clutch plate element and the power output shaft and provides a certain amount of rotary damping therebetween . the rotary damper includes two outer damper plate elements sandwiched on either side of one inner damper plate element , the outer damper plate elements being connected together , and the combination of them being rotationally connected to the second clutch plate element , while the inner damper plate element is rotationally connected to the power output shaft . two of the damper plate elements are flat annuli lying in said annular space , and one is subtantially a flat disk whose central portion is connected to the power output shaft . the inner damper plate element is pierced with several circumferentially extending slots in which are received compression coil springs , and opposing these slots there are formed in the outer damper plate elements corresponding circumferentially extending slot shaped apertures into which the sides of these springs project . around the entire peripheries of the slot shaped apertures in the outer damper plate elements there extend raised lips , which project from the planes of the outer damper plate elements in the direction away from the inner damper plate element . these lips reinforce the outer damper plate elements , and optionally may taper outwards so as snugly to receive the sides of the compression coil springs . | 5 |
an excavator bucket top assembly can be completed as an assembly before being attached to other components to form an excavator bucket . the top assembly includes a flat bottom plate and a top plate with two bends , each having relatively simple geometry for ease of manufacturing . two hinge plates penetrate through the top plate and are joined to both the bottom plate and the top plate . the top assembly includes strategically positioned , continuous weld joints to avoid weld starts and stops that create stress risers . the top assembly produces a torque tube which is stiff and resistant to fatigue . | 4 |
As radio telescope technology continues to advance, the discovery of more pulsar candidates is anticipated. The swift and accurate identification of pulsars has emerged as a compelling research topic in recent years, garnering growing attention. Although deep learning has been expansively applied for the rapid identification of pulsar candidates, the significant imbalance between the larger number of non-pulsar signal samples and the fewer pulsar signal samples seriously impacts the performance of deep learning prediction models. To address this, our research proposes a method that combines a Vector Quantized Variational Autoencoder (VQVAE) with a Gated PixelCNN to equalize the number of pulsar and non-pulsar samples during sample generation. Subsequently, we establish a Residual Neural Network (ResNet) model that employs two feature diagnostic plots as input to classify and identify pulsar candidates. Validation on the High Time Resolution Universe (HTRU) dataset yielded a recall and accuracy of 99.60%, and an F1-score of 99.59%. Further evaluation on the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) dataset demonstrated a precision of 98.5%, a recall of 97.8%, and an F1-score of 98.1%, further confirming the effectiveness of our proposed model. | 9 |
a charge pump is disclosed for amplifying an input voltage received at an input end and outputting the amplified voltage at an output end as an output voltage . the charge pump includes a plurality of source / drain coupling transistors for serving as charging capacitors , and a plurality of cascode - connected transistors being symmetrically connected to between the input end and the output end . the charge pump further includes a plurality of diode - connected transistors to protect the source / drain coupling transistors against breakdown during the course of charge transfer and to speed up the charge transfer . | 7 |
for preventing a luminance drop of a liquid crystal display panel comprising a liquid crystal display panel , a driver circuit of driving the liquid crystal panel , and a luminance having a fluorescent lamp as one of elements thereof , the present invention provides a heat retaining means for an electrode portion of the fluorescent lamp , and suppresses heat radiation at the electrode portion of the fluorescent lamp so as to secure sufficient amount of mercuric vapor in the whole of the fluorescent lamp . | 6 |
a layer - built sealed alkaline storage battery includes plural rectangular cell units 11 . those cell units 11 are arranged in a row and united together with a pair of end plates 1 and 2 arranged at the opposite sides of the assembly of the cells by belt - like clamp bands 37 , 38 each extending cross from one of the end plates 1 through the cell units 11 to the other of the end plates 2 and being fixed at the end thereof on the end plates 1 , 2 . each end plate 1 or 2 is of one - piece structure having 1 ) a generally rectangular panel portion or portions 26 and 2 ) a peripheral wall frame 26 and 3 ) reinforcement ribs 23a to 23c , so that the assembly of the cell can be united so as to be prevented from deformation due to expansion and vibration of the cells . | 7 |
disclosed is a vapor wand for administering inhalation anesthesia to wild animals . the wand has a fibrous wick that absorbs liquid anesthetic inserted by a syringe through a distal end cap and / or a leur fitting . holes are spaced around the distal end of the wand so that movement of the air pump handle causes vaporized anesthetic to be dispensed through the holes . | 0 |
a time division multiplexer chip having particular application in a digital voice processing system wherein voice processing functions are run in software . the tdm chip has a pair of rams which are in communication with a bus and at least one interface that provides communication with other devices . an bank switch controls the rams so that their communication with the bus and the interface alternates , i . e . while the first ram is in communication with the interface the other ram is in communication with the bus . after a determined period the communications are reversed . this scheme provides faster processing and more efficient use of the components . including is a provision for allowing multiple interfaces to communicate with the ram alternatively in a time shared manner . | 7 |
the strip includes an elongated body having a pair of parallel sidewalls , an upper surface between sidewalls and a lower surface between sidewalls adapted to engage a water barrier on a wood roof . a plurality of spaced , inverted channels are formed along the body from the lower surface and terminate generally midway between the upper and lower surfaces . the channels extend between the body sidewalls and provide drainage perpendicular to the length of the body . the upper surface may be planar or be stepped . a plurality of spaced recesses with preset fasteners are disposed along the upper body surface . | 4 |
solid waste , for example source separated organics or commercial and industrial waste or both , are treated by first pressurizing the waste against a screen to produce a solids fraction and a liquid fraction . the liquid fraction can be treated in an anaerobic digester . the solids fraction is pulverized or milled , for example with a hammer mill , preferably after being diluted . the pulverized or milled waste is separated again to provide a second solids faction and a second liquid fraction . the liquid fraction can be treated in an anaerobic digester . the solids fraction is primarily inert and can be landfilled , preferably after being washed . | 8 |
in making thermoset and photo - set polymer - matrix composite parts , curing is the key process step that transforms the molecular structure of the composite material , stabilizing it in the desired shape . this curing system applies carefully controlled ultraviolet radiation dosages , appropriately distributed over the entire surface of the composite part , thereby rapidly curing the material while enabling direct monitoring and control of the curing energy . previous photo - curing methods have applied generalized radiation to a part with conventional uv lamps . we provide great benefits in cure depth , speed and process control by precisely controlling all parameters of uv dosage , by computed control , by markings on the part , or by dynamic feedback control from embedded sensors or non - contact sensors . this system can apply greater radiation dose to areas of increased quantities of resin , such as support ribs , and lesser radiation dose to areas of decreased quantities of resin . this method can be enhanced by using differing resins which respond to differing wavelengths , and also by controlled changes of radiation field size or duration . this curing system also enables temporary joining of parts by sufficient partial or controlled - area photo - setting , which may also be integrated with lay - up or winding operations . as a result , these partially cured parts can be handled safely through later stages of the manufacturing process , such as final photo - setting or baking operation in an oven or autoclave . | 8 |
We derive the entire dust extinction (A<SUB>V</SUB>) map for the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) estimated from the color excess at near-infrared wavelengths. Using the percentile method we recently adopted to evaluate A<SUB>V</SUB> distribution along the line of sight, we derive three-dimensional (3D) A<SUB>V</SUB> maps of the three massive star-forming regions of N44, N79, and N11 based on the IRSF/SIRIUS point source catalog. The 3D A<SUB>V</SUB> maps are compared with the hydrogen column densities N(H) of three different velocity components where one is of the LMC disk velocity and the other two are of velocities lower than the disk velocity. As a result, we obtain a 3D dust geometry suggesting that gas collision is ongoing between the different velocity components. We also find differences in the timing of the gas collision between the massive star-forming regions, which indicates that the gas collision in N44, N79, and N11 occurred later than that in 30 Doradus. In addition, a difference of a factor of two in A<SUB>V</SUB>/N(H) is found between the velocity components for N44, while a significant difference is not found for N79 and N11. From the 3D geometry and A<SUB>V</SUB>/N(H) in each star-forming region, we suggest that the massive star formation in N44 was induced by an external trigger of tidal interaction between the LMC and the Small Magellanic Cloud, while that in N79 and N11 is likely to have been induced by internal triggers such as gas converging from the galactic spiral arm and expansion of a supershell, although the possibility of tidal interaction cannot be ruled out. | 9 |
a rotary union includes a housing which encases a rotor having a first sealing surface and a stator having a second sealing surface . the sealing surfaces are biased against each other due to a load exerted by a biasing member . an inlet chamber is in communication with the fluid being transposed by the union and operates to urge the stator against the rotor due to the pressurized fluid in the chamber reacting against the stator . the stator and the housing define a reaction chamber . pressurized fluid supplied to the reaction chamber operates to urge the stator away from the rotor thus enabling the disengagement of the sealing surfaces . | 8 |
an object request broker for receiving an incoming message including a message header and a message body in general inter - orb protocol type format , the orb comprising : an external orb element for converting the header of the incoming message to an implementation - specific format , and for providing the header in implementation - specific format with the body in giop type format to a distribution mechanism for identifying an appropriate target server for processing the body of the incoming message ; and an internal orb element associated with the identified target server for converting the body of the incoming message to an implementation - specific format for use by the target server to process the message . | 6 |
a vehicle receiver mounted cargo carrier is readily configured to transport bicycles , skis and poles , snowboards , canoe paddles and other cargo through the use of a vertical frame into which various rods may be placed , at locations most suited for the specific cargo . the rods are anchored through the use of a slide having keyhole shaped openings which mate into a circular reduction in the ends of the rods . other structural components form anchor points for the cargo that also help to retain the cargo and act as theft deterrents . the carrier is designed to be free standing out of the vehicle receiver , and so may be used as a storage organizer for the cargo before , during and after transport . prior to assembly , the components of the carrier are relatively two dimensional , so the carrier may be packaged , stocked and sold in compact , flat packaging . alternative support struts offer additional methods of supporting the cargo . | 8 |
a clinical chemistry analyzer system for blood chemistry analysis is disclosed . two major parts comprise the system . one part is a discardable sensor cartridge which contains a bank of sensors , calibration fluid containers , conduit means and an external peristallically pumpable tube section . the other part is an analysis machine which interfaces with the discardable cartridge and has means to drive the peristaltic pump as well as means to interface with the sensors of the cartridge to provide a readout therefrom . the system is adapted to be made part of a heart / lung machine sustaining a patient in order to sample and monitor the venous and arterial blood flow thereof . | 8 |
This is a replacement for IRAF STSDAS SYNPHOT and ASTROLIB PYSYNPHOT, utilizing Astropy and covering the non-instrument specific portions of the old packages. For HST and JWST specific package, see stsynphot. | 9 |
the present invention relates to emulsion compositions and methods for preparing these emulsion compositions which employ amphipathic emulsifying agents and high shear polymeric emulsion techniques and which may be used for the preparation of a great variety of emulsion compositions . in particular , the method provides for the preparation of hybrid products which effectively cleanse and also leave a highly protective substantive residue on the skin . | 8 |
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