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an animal toy includes structure presenting regions having characteristics providing different degrees of animal interest and / or accessibility , such that there is a higher likelihood that a dog will retain a particular part of the toy in its mouth apart from another region intended for grasping by the owner . the toy finds application in various modes of play , including tug activities between dog and owner , throwing and retrieval , and any other type of interaction in which the toy is held by the dog in its mouth and is thereby subjected to a depositing of saliva over the particular involved region of the toy . an embodiment includes members which include animal access regions and which are disposed in circumferentially spaced apart positions about a toy axis and radially spaced apart therefrom , and at least partially shielded handles , portions of which are positioned radially inward of a outermost radial extent of said members . exposure to saliva by a user is reduced by avoided contact with the region accessed to a greater degree by the animal during play . | 0 |
the invention provides a dielectric material with low dielectric loss . the dielectric material comprises 40 ˜ 80 parts by weight of polyphenylene ether resin having a mw of 1000 ˜ 7000 , a mn of 1000 ˜ 4000 and mw / mn = 1 . 0 ˜ 1 . 8 ; 5 ˜ 30 parts by weight of bismaleimide resins ; and 5 ˜ 30 parts by weight of polymer additives , wherein the dielectric material has dk of 3 . 75 ˜ 4 . 0 and df of 0 . 0025 ˜ 0 . 0045 . the dielectric material is suitably used in prepregs and insulation layers of a circuit board , because it has high tg , low thermal expansion coefficient , low moisture absorption and excellent dielectric properties such as dk and df . | 7 |
The physical origin of low escape fractions of ionizing radiation derived from massive star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 3-4 is not well understood. We perform idealized disc galaxy simulations to understand how galactic properties such as metallicity and gas mass affect the escape of Lyman continuum (LyC) photons using radiation-hydrodynamic simulations with strong stellar feedback. We find that the luminosity-weighted escape fraction from a metal-poor (Z = 0.002) galaxy embedded in a halo of mass $M_{\rm h}\simeq 10^{11}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ is $\left\langle {f_{\rm esc}^{\rm 3D}}\right\rangle \simeq 10\, {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ . Roughly half of the LyC photons are absorbed within scales of 100 pc, and the other half is absorbed in the ISM ( $\lesssim 2\, {\rm kpc}$ ). When the metallicity of the gas is increased to Z = 0.02, the escape fraction is significantly reduced to $\left\langle {f_{\rm esc}^{\rm 3D}}\right\rangle \simeq 1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ because young stars are enshrouded by their birth clouds for a longer time. In contrast, increasing the gas mass by a factor of 5 leads to $\left\langle {f_{\rm esc}^{\rm 3D}}\right\rangle \simeq 5\, {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ because LyC photons are only moderately absorbed by the thicker disc. Our experiments suggest that high metallicity is likely more responsible for the low escape fractions observed in massive star-forming galaxies, supporting the scenario in which the escape fraction is decreasing with increasing halo mass. Finally, negligible correlation is observed between the escape fraction and surface density of star formation or galactic outflow rates. | 9 |
a method for communicating with and controlling design logic modules external to a system - on - chip design during verification of the design uses verification software to generate and apply test cases to stimulate components of an soc design in simulation ; the results are observed and used to de - bug the design . typically , soc designs interface with cores that are external to the design . existing methods of including such external cores in a verification test of a soc design typically entail having to create special test cases to control the external cores ; such test cases typically do not communicate with test cases being applied internally to the soc and therefore lack realism . an external memory - mapped test device according to the present invention is coupled between a soc design being tested in simulation , and cores external to the soc design . internal emmtd logic provides for control and status monitoring of an external core coupled to an emmtd bi - directional bus by enabling functions including driving data on the bus , reading the current state of data on the bus , and capturing positive and negative edge transitions on the bus . in one embodiment , a test case being executed by a simulator embedded processor in the soc can communicate with and control elements external to the soc , by using the emmtd to perform such functions as initiating external core logic which drives test signals to an internal core , directly controlling an internal core via its external interface , or determining the status of an external core . | 6 |
Binary neutron star (NS) mergers are strong gravitational-wave (GW) sources and the leading candidates to interpret short-duration gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs). Under the assumptions that SGRBs are produced by double neutron star mergers and that the x-ray plateau followed by a steep decay as observed in SGRB x-ray light curves marks the collapse of a supramassive neutron star to a black hole (BH), we use the statistical observational properties of Swift SGRBs and the mass distribution of Galactic double neutron star systems to place constraints on the neutron star equation of state (EoS) and the properties of the post-merger product. We show that current observations already impose the following interesting constraints. (1) A neutron star EoS with a maximum mass close to a parametrization of M<SUB>max</SUB>=2.37 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>(1 +1.58 ×10<SUP>-10</SUP>P<SUP>-2.84</SUP>) is favored. (2) The fractions for the several outcomes of NS-NS mergers are as follows: ∼40 % prompt BHs, ∼30 % supramassive NSs that collapse to BHs in a range of delay time scales, and ∼30 % stable NSs that never collapse. (3) The initial spin of the newly born supramassive NSs should be near the breakup limit (P<SUB>i</SUB>∼1 ms ), which is consistent with the merger scenario. (4) The surface magnetic field of the merger products is typically ∼10<SUP>15</SUP> G . (5) The ellipticity of the supramassive NSs is ɛ ∼(0.004 -0.007 ), so that strong GW radiation is released after the merger. (6) Even though the initial spin energy of the merger product is similar, the final energy output of the merger product that goes into the electromagnetic channel varies in a wide range from several 10<SUP>49</SUP> to several 10<SUP>52</SUP> erg , since a good fraction of the spin energy is either released in the form of GWs or falls into the black hole as the supramassive NS collapses. | 9 |
a variable cam timing phaser for an internal combustion engine having a concentric camshaft can include a stator having an axis of rotation . an outer rotor can rotate independently relative to the axis of rotation of the stator . a combination of an outer vane and cavity can be associated with the outer rotor to define first and second outer variable volume working chambers . a radially inner located rotor can rotate relative to the axis of rotation and independently of both the stator and the outer rotor . a combination of an inner vane and a cavity can be associated with the inner rotor to define first and second inner variable volume working chambers . when the first and second , outer and inner chambers selectively communicate with a source of pressurized fluid , phase orientation of the outer and inner rotors with respect to one another and with respect to the stator is facilitated . | 5 |
the present invention is directed toward a mattress system and a method to decrease pressure applied to a patient . the mattress system has an analyzer that receives the measurements regarding the geometry of the mattress and the pressure of the bladders within the mattress . with that data , the analyzer compares those measurements and transmits a pressure signal to a pressure provider device . in response to the pressure signal , the pressure provider device alters and / or maintains the pressure in the bladders to decrease the chance of bottoming out and / or decrease the pressure applied to the patient . | 0 |
the present invention provides an address transition detection circuit comprising inverting means and a mosfet &# 39 ; s circuit which is composed of two cross - coupled mosfet &# 39 ; s , first and second mosfet &# 39 ; s connected in series with each other , and third and fourth mosfet &# 39 ; s connected in series with each other , wherein the output lines of each inverter within the inverting means . | 6 |
a segmentation method and system for medical images of a structure , including at least one substructure are described herein . examples of such structure and substructures are a vertebra and its spinal canal or a sacrum with its two foramens . the method consists of first providing a plurality of digital images representing consecutive slices of the structure . the set of images is then divided into groups for which initial substructures center position are estimated . using this information , the pixels corresponding to each substructure and common to all the images in the group are determined . iterations are performed between these two last steps until the best candidates are obtained . the method consists then in estimating the substructures center position in each image of the group . after the substructures have been identified in each image , the images are then processed to remove noise in the substructures , in the rest of the structure and outside the structure . | 6 |
Context. Planetary systems with close-in giant planets can experience magnetic star-planet interactions that modify the activity levels of their host stars. The induced activity is known to strongly depend on the magnetic moment of the interacting planet. Therefore, such planet-induced activity should be more readily observable in systems with close-in planets in eccentric orbits, since those planets are expected to rotate faster than in circular orbits. However, no evidence of magnetic interactions has been reported in eccentric planetary systems to date. <BR> Aims: We intend to unveil a possible planet-induced activity in the bright (V = 8.05 ± 0.03 mag) and slightly evolved star HD 118203, which is known to host an eccentric (e = 0.32 ± 0.02) and close-in (a = 0.0864 ± 0.0006 au) Jupiter-sized planet. <BR> Methods: We characterized the planetary system by jointly modelling 56 ELODIE radial velocities and four sectors of TESS photometry. We computed the generalized Lomb-Scargle periodogram of the TESS, ELODIE, and complementary ASAS-SN data to search for planet-induced and rotation-related activity signals. We studied the possible origins of the stellar variability found, analysed its persistence and evolution, and searched for possible links with the eccentric orbital motion of HD 118203 b. <BR> Results: We found evidence of an activity signal within the TESS photometry that matches the 6.1-day orbital period of its hosted planet HD 118203 b, which suggests the existence of magnetic star-planet interactions. We did not find, however, any additional activity signal that could be unambiguously interpreted as the rotation of the star, so we cannot discard stellar rotation as the actual source of the signal found. Nevertheless, both the evolved nature of the star and the significant orbital eccentricity make the synchronous stellar rotation with the planetary orbit very unlikely. <BR> Conclusions: The planetary system HD 118203 represents the best evidence that magnetic star-planet interactions can be found in eccentric planetary systems, and it opens the door to future dedicated searches in such systems that will allow us to better understand the interplay between close-in giant planets and their host stars. | 9 |
a dual - acting linear actuator including a hollow body and a stationary hollow rod . the stationary hollow rod includes a first rod segment separated from a second rod segment by a separator plate , the stationary hollow rod extending through the hollow body such that the separator plate forms a first chamber and a second chamber within the hollow body , wherein the first rod segment is configured to transmit a power medium to the first chamber to cause the hollow body to move along the stationary hollow rod toward the first rod segment and the second rod segment is configured to transmit the power medium to the second chamber to cause the hollow body to move along the stationary hollow rod toward the second rod segment . | 5 |
a validation apparatus for testing the measurement accuracy of a phase fluorimeter comprising : i ) a photodetector responsive to the excitation light emitted by a phase fluorimeter ; ii ) electronics connected to the detector which calculates the phase of the light emitted by the phase fluorimeter and causes a light source in the validation apparatus to emit light of a wave length which will stimulate the detector of the phase fluorimeter but which is phase shifted relative to the light emitted by the phase fluorimeter . | 6 |
We use accurate estimates of aluminium abundance from the APOGEE Data Release 17 and Gaia Early Data Release 3 astrometry to select a highly pure sample of stars with metallicity -1.5 ≲ [Fe/H] ≲ 0.5 born in-situ in the Milky Way proper. The low-metallicity ([Fe/H] ≲ -1.3) in-situ component we dub Aurora is kinematically hot with an approximately isotropic velocity ellipsoid and a modest net rotation. Aurora stars exhibit large scatter in metallicity and in many element abundance ratios. The median tangential velocity of the in-situ stars increases sharply with metallicity between [Fe/H] = -1.3 and -0.9, the transition that we call the spin-up. The observed and theoretically expected age-metallicity correlations imply that this increase reflects a rapid formation of the MW disc over ≈1-2 Gyr. The transformation of the stellar kinematics as a function of [Fe/H] is accompanied by a qualitative change in chemical abundances: the scatter drops sharply once the Galaxy builds up a disc during later epochs corresponding to [Fe/H] > -0.9. Results of galaxy formation models presented in this and other recent studies strongly indicate that the trends observed in the MW reflect generic processes during the early evolution of progenitors of MW-sized galaxies: a period of chaotic pre-disc evolution, when gas is accreted along cold narrow filaments and when stars are born in irregular configurations, and subsequent rapid disc formation. The latter signals formation of a stable hot gaseous halo around the MW progenitor, which changes the mode of gas accretion and allows development of coherently rotating disc. | 9 |
We use the single-dish radio telescope Five-hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) to map the H I in the tidally interacting NGC 4631 group with a resolution of 3.'24 (7 kpc), reaching a 5σ column density limit of 10<SUP>17.9</SUP> cm<SUP>-2</SUP> assuming a line width of 20 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>. Taking the existing interferometric H I image from the Hydrogen Accretion in LOcal GAlaxieS project of Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope as a reference, we are able to identify and characterize a significant excess of large-scale, low-density, and diffuse H I in the group. This diffuse H I extends more than 120 kpc across, and accounts for more than one-fourth of the total H I detected by FAST in and around the galaxy NGC 4631. In the region of the tidal tails, the diffuse H I has a typical column density above 10<SUP>19.5</SUP> cm<SUP>-2</SUP>, and is highly turbulent with a velocity dispersion of around 50 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>. It increases in column density with the dense H I, and tends to be associated with the kinematically hotter part of the dense H I. Through simple modeling, we find that the majority of the diffuse H I in the tail region is likely to induce cooling out of the hot intragalactic medium (IGM) instead of evaporating or being radiatively ionized. Given these relations of gas in different phases, the diffuse H I may represent a condensing phase of the IGM. Ongoing and past active tidal interactions may have produced the wide-spreading H I distribution, and triggered the gas accretion to NGC 4631 through the phase of the diffuse H I. | 9 |
a multi - mode lletz or leep device for performing lletz surgery and argon plasma coagulation using a single device is disclosed . the disclosed device has a body with a channel therein and movable arms having a wire therebetween at a distal end of the body such that the arms may be extended to perform conventions lletz surgery or may be moved together for performing argon plasma or beam coagulation . | 0 |
the present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for dynamic in - line mixing of feedstocks in various delivery systems . the apparatus of the present invention includes an agitator housed within the delivery conduit that is constructed and arranged to impart motion to feedstock passing through the delivery conduit to a discharge device . the method of the present invention is particularly well suited for maintaining metals and other solids in suspension during delivery for specialized coating and / or painting applications . systems employing the apparatus and method of the present invention are also disclosed . | 8 |
a small electric motor having brushes comprising brush bases supported by brush supporting portions provided on a motor casing and bent portions which are formed by bending a part of each brush so that commutator slide portions of the brushes come in elastic contact directly with a commutator at a predetermined angle , and characterized in that rigidity reinforcing portions for giving rigidity to the bent portions are provided and / or auxiliary supporting portions for supporting the lower sides of the brush bases at the bent portions are provided on the brush supports . | 7 |
a scanning circuit having rearranged circuit modules at each end of a flat cable . after the rearrangement , the flat cable carries scanning control signals produced by a conventional ic communication interface instead of timing signals and carries digital image data instead of easily distorted and interfered analog image signals . | 7 |
the present invention is related to a image compression and transmission method , and particularly to a method of relocating a wavelet packet coefficient for a zerotree coding in order to optimize an encoder to be suitable for transmitting image off - line . to realizing the present invention , for the wavelet packet coefficients , located on frequency bands which are divided in several subbands according to frequency of an image data thereon , the present invention collects coefficients in same location on each of the subbands , and relocates the collected coefficients in a same location in an integrated frequency band , formed by integrating the subbands . | 7 |
Most galaxies, including the Milky Way, harbor a central supermassive black hole (SMBH) weighing millions to billions of solar masses. Surrounding these SMBHs are dense regions of stars and stellar remnants, such as neutron stars and black holes. Neutron stars and possibly black holes receive large natal kicks at birth on the order of hundreds of km s$^{-1}$. The natal kicks that occur in the vicinity of an SMBH may redistribute the orbital configuration of the compact objects and alter their underlying density distribution. We model the effects of natal kicks on a Galactic Center (GC) population of massive stars and stellar binaries with different initial density distributions. Using observational constraints from stellar orbits near the GC, we place an upper limit on the steepness of the initial stellar profile and find it to be core-like. In addition, we predict that $30-70 \%$ of compact objects become unbound from the SMBH due to their kicks and will migrate throughout the galaxy. Different black hole kick prescriptions lead to distinct spatial and kinematic distributions. We suggest that the Roman Space Telescope may be able to distinguish between these distributions and thus be able to differentiate natal kick mechanisms. | 9 |
the present invention relates to a heat exchanger in which a plate - shaped cooling medium flow portion provides an internal cooling medium flow path inside by laminating two flat plates subjected to drawing and a cooling fin are alternately laminated , a cooling medium inlet for allowing a cooling medium to flow into the cooling medium flow path and a cooling medium outlet for allowing the cooling medium passing through the cooling medium flow path to flow out are formed in said two flat plates , and the cooling medium flowing from the cooling medium inlet to the cooling medium flow path is passed through said cooling medium flow path and is then allowed to flow out of the cooling medium outlet . according to the present invention , a bulged portion protruding on the cooling medium flow path side is formed in the cooling medium flow portion by denting at least any one of these two flat plates from the outside , and a plurality of elliptical or oval cylindrical portions whose major diameter is oriented in the flow direction of the cooling medium are provided between these two flat plates by butting the top portion of this bulged portion to the opposite flat plate . additionally , the number of the cylindrical portions is gradually decreased as the cooling medium flows downstream in the flow direction of the cooling medium . | 5 |
a hot runner component for heating and directing fluid material of a melt stream to a mold cavity is provided . the hot runner component includes a body having a fluid passageway therein for conveying the melt stream and a heater for heating the melt stream as the melt stream passes through the fluid passageway of the body . the heater includes a core arranged in surrounding relation to the fluid passageway of the body , a thermally - sprayed dielectric substrate layer on the core and a thermally - sprayed electrical resistance element layer overlying the dielectric substrate layer . the resistance element layer forms a discrete pattern . the heater further includes a thermally sprayed dielectric overlay layer that overlies a substantial portion of the resistance element layer . | 1 |
a miniature telltale module which combines a plurality of telltale functions into one unit and provides reduced cost per function . the module uses a miniature rotary actuator or driver , an image disc having a series of interconnected images or icons and a single light source . the actuator or driver allows a wide tolerances at the inputs while still precisely selecting the image positions . the module includes a light absorbing shield disposed about a light source and having a light opening positioned and sized to provide illumination of the icon , containment of light not directed through the light opening , and control of the angle of light emitted from the opening . | 1 |
the presentation of information in html files is desirably en hanced by the use of one or more separate scripting javascript ™ files , referenced from the html file , which uses information presented as variables in the html file . in this manner , a high degree of formatting flexibility can be achieved , while reducing the likelihood of errors in the html pages , improving ease of site maintenance , and standardising the “ look and feel ” of the site . improvements in the network bandwidth required to browse sites organised in this manner can also be achieved in favourable instances . | 6 |
a radiant energy detection system which allows angular location in bearing and elevation by using a simple detector element and a static mask preferably formed by a plzt strip between two intersecting polarizers . a control circuit operates the mask to provide a configuration having a transparent zone equal to n measurement quadrants and an opaque zone equal to the remaining 4 - n quadrants , and to bring about four successive operating states which are distinguished one from the next by an angular displacement of π / 2 radians around the optical axis . the control circuit operates further a switching circuit synchronously with the mask to connect the output of the detector successively to four reception channels each of which includes a high speed memory . a measuring circuit calculates the angular location from the four detected signal values stored in the memory . | 6 |
a battery direct - mounted fusible link that is to be directly connected to a battery post and has an l - shape extending over a top surface and a lateral surface of a battery , the battery direct - mounted fusible link having a novel structure which may be capable of achieving a more compact size while effectively reducing a risk of rotation with respect to the battery only a battery connecting portion to be connected to a battery post is provided in a horizontal portion to be arranged on a top surface of the battery , whereas a stud bolt and a load connecting portion to be connected to a load are provided in a vertical portion to be arranged on a lateral surface of the battery . | 7 |
a drinking cup that has a removable lid with three different types of drink delivery novelties . the first is a rotary drive dispenser . in which fluid is drawn up in a straw . at the top of the straw is a rotary arm , which is free to rotate . as the fluid is brought up through the straw , it is forced out of holes formed in the rotary arm causing the arm spins around the straw . as it rotates , the fluid is dispensed into a sump where a drinking straw is used to remove it . in the second design , fluid rises up through the straw where it exits the straw like a fountain spray . in the third design , a tall tube extends up from the lid . a ball sits in the tube . as the fluid is brought up , the ball is propelled upward inside the tube . | 1 |
General functions work on Windows and LInux systems, Most functions are ready to use, FDOM indices still need to be implemented, Scatter removing functions will be added soon, they are not implemented yet because drEEM toolbox (Matlab) does it quite easily, | 9 |
methods of fabricating an energy - assisted magnetic recording head to compensate for a heat - induced protrusion of a near field transducer formed therein are disclosed . the methods can include applying optical power to the near field transducer to generate heat therein . the near field transducer protrudes beyond an air bearing surface of the eamr head by the generated heat . the methods can further include removing a protruded portion of the near field transducer . | 8 |
the present invention relates to disposable cigarette lighters which have a latch member which is intended to resist inadvertent operation and to make undesirable operation by unintended operators more difficult . the lighter preferably includes a latch member which in its initial condition blocks movement of the actuator in order to resist operation of the lighter . the latch member is movable to a ready position so that the actuator may be depressed in order to produce a flame . it is preferred that the lighter contain additional or alternative forces on the latch member to improve the ability of the latch member to return to the blocking position over the life of the lighter and to improve the consistency of the latch member &# 39 ; s movement and return . in some of the embodiments , this additional or alternative force is provided by a bending moment or flexing force preferably applied to the latch member through a flexing mechanism to flex the latch along at least a portion of its length . alternatively or in addition to , a biasing member may assist in returning the latch member to the initial position over the life of the lighter and improve the consistency of the latch force . | 5 |
Gas-phase abundances in galaxies are the products of those galaxies' evolutionary histories. The star formation history (SFH) of a region might therefore be expected to influence that region's present day gaseous abundances. Here, we employ data from the MaNGA survey to explore how local gas metallicities relate to SFHs of galaxy regions. We combine MaNGA emission line measurements with SFH classifications from absorption line spectra to compare gas-phase abundances in star-forming regions with those in regions classified as starburst, post-starburst, and green valley. We find that starburst regions contain gas that is more pristine than in normal star-forming regions, in terms of O/H and N/O; we further find that post-starburst regions (which have experienced stochastic SFHs) behave very similarly to ordinary star-forming regions (which have experienced far smoother SFHs) in O/H-N/O space. We argue from this that gas is diluted significantly by pristine infall but is then re-enriched rapidly after a starburst event, making gas-phase abundances insensitive to the precise form of the SFH at late times. We also find that green valley regions possess slightly elevated N/O abundances at a given O/H; this is potentially due to a reduced star formation efficiency in such regions, but it could also point to late-time rejuvenation of green valley regions in our sample. | 9 |
a work locating apparatus having a tension member actuated by an actuating member , particularly an actuating piston , via a starting stroke and a working stroke in which a pneumatic cylinder constitutes a control means and a mechanical step - up mechanism is operable between the control means and the tension member with the actuating member abutting directly the tension member by the starting stroke and the step - up mechanism by the working stroke of the tension member . | 5 |
Automated and reproducible model building and analysis | 9 |
provided is a turbine fuel pump for a vehicle . more particularly , provided is a turbine fuel pump for a vehicle that can improve efficiency of the fuel pump and solve pressure instability caused by collision of fuel by forming a separate independent channel in a lower casing , an impeller , and an upper casing where channels of fuel are formed at the time of suctioning fuel from the fuel tank and supplying fuel to an engine of an internal combustion engine . | 5 |
a high - lift system on a wing of an aircraft is provided . the wing includes a right - hand and a left - hand wing half with movably held high - lift flaps and the right - hand and left - hand wing half are attached to an aircraft fuselage , thus forming a wing root . each wing half in a region in close proximity to the wing root , includes a drive unit . in each case this drive unit is joined to a transmission shaft mechanically connected to the respective drive unit , which transmission shaft extends from the drive unit in the direction of the end of the respective wing half and is designed to mechanically move the high - lift flaps arranged in the respective wing half . by means of such an arrangement it is possible to do without deflection gear arrangements from a central drive unit to the individual wing halves . | 1 |
the environment adaptive electric vehicle is capable of operating in a number of operating environments such as on a conventional highway , or on an elevated mainstream transportation infrastructure and also on a variety of local , low velocity , low volume , automated and semi - automated transportation infrastructures that may serve as collector roads for vehicles to access the mainstream elevated integrated bimodal infrastructures . the eaev has a variety of sensors , receivers , cameras , monitoring devices , magnetic readers , gps built into the vehicle . in a typical vehicle all of this information would be interpreted and applied in the same way . in the eaev the vehicle wants to know what environment it is in . it then uses the software that defines that environment for all of its decisions . as a result , the eaev uses the same equipment and similar information that is received over the equipment but applies it differently depending on what kind of system the vehicle is travelling on . | 1 |
process of enzymatically converting glucose to fructose wherein a glucose - containing solution is passed , under specific conditions , through a bed composed of an immobilized glucose isomerase in a fine , particulate form and non - porous beads or granular inert material such as polystyrene beads . the porous beads and granular inert material comprise between 40 % and about 75 % of the bed by volume . the bead &# 39 ; s presence exerts a buoyant effect which prevents bed packing and promotes desirable flow patterns with no observable channelling . this helps to minimize the formation of undesired or undesirable carbohydrates such as psicose . | 8 |
Using data from the GALAH survey, we explore the dependence of elemental abundances on stellar age and metallicity among Galactic disc stars. We find that the abundance of most elements can be predicted from age and [Fe/H] with an intrinsic scatter of about 0.03 dex. We discuss the possible causes for the existence of the abundance-age-metallicity relations. Using a stochastic chemical enrichment scheme that takes the volume of supernovae remnants into account, we show the intrinsic scatter is expected to be small, about 0.05 dex or even smaller if there is additional mixing in the ISM. Elemental abundances show trends with both age and metallicity and the relationship is well described by a simple model in which the dependence of abundance ([X/Fe]) on age and [Fe/H] are additively separable. Elements can be grouped based on the direction of their abundance gradient in the (age,[Fe/H]) plane and different groups can be roughly associated with three distinct nucleosynthetic production sites, the exploding massive stars, the exploding white dwarfs, and the AGB stars. However, the abundances of some elements, like Co, La, and Li, show large scatter for a given age and metallicity, suggesting processes other than simple Galactic chemical evolution are at play. We also compare the abundance trends of main-sequence turn-off (MSTO) stars against that of giants, whose ages were estimated using asteroseismic information from the K2 mission. For most elements, the trends of MSTO stars are similar to that of giants. The existence of abundance relations implies that we can estimate the age and birth radius of disc stars, which is important for studying the dynamic and chemical evolution of the Galaxy. | 9 |
in a computer system having a cpu coupled to a memory wherein the memory is logically divided into a number of logical units , each having a number of memory words , a free memory block header list having a number of free memory block headers , one for each free memory block of a memory pool having a number of the memory words , is provided for tracking free memory blocks in the memory pool . the free memory block headers are organized as a cartesian binary tree . the free memory block header list is used and maintained to control dynamic allocation and deallocation of free and allocated memory blocks of the memory pool . the memory pool is designed to have a memory pool size in multiples of the memory &# 39 ; s logical units . all memory requests are rounded to multiples of the memory &# 39 ; s word size . as a result , free and allocated memory blocks of the memory pool may be dynamically allocated and deallocated independent of how the memory is addressed , in particular , whether the memory is virtually or statically addressed . | 6 |
the present disclosure relates to a sensor network , machine type communication , machine - to - machine communication , and technology for internet of things . the present disclosure may be applied to intelligent services based on the above technologies , such as smart home , smart building , smart city , smart car , connected car , health care , digital education , smart retail , security and safety services . a method for operating an electronic device is provided . the method includes measuring a received signal strength indicator of a plurality of signals received from a plurality of lighting devices , and displaying the plurality of lighting devices according to the rssi of the plurality of signals . | 8 |
LHS 1140 b is a small planet orbiting in the habitable zone of its M4.5V dwarf host. Recent mass and radius constraints have indicated that it has either a thick H$_2$-rich atmosphere or substantial water by mass. Here we present a transmission spectrum of LHS 1140 b between 1.7 and 5.2 $\mu$m, obtained using the NIRSpec instrument on JWST. By combining spectral retrievals and self-consistent atmospheric models, we show that the transmission spectrum is inconsistent with H$_2$-rich atmospheres with varied size and metallicity, leaving a water world as the remaining scenario to explain the planet's low density. Specifically, a H$_2$-rich atmosphere would result in prominent spectral features of CH$_4$ or CO$_2$ on this planet, but they are not seen in the transmission spectrum. Instead, the data favors a high-mean-molecular-weight atmosphere (possibly N$_2$-dominated with H$_2$O and CO$_2$) with a modest confidence. Forming the planet by accreting C- and N-bearing ices could naturally give rise to a CO$_2$- or N$_2$-dominated atmosphere, and if the planet evolves to or has the climate-stabilizing mechanism to maintain a moderate-size CO$_2$/N$_2$-dominated atmosphere, the planet could have liquid-water oceans. Our models suggest CO$_2$ absorption features with an expected signal of 20 ppm at 4.2 $\mu$m. As the existence of an atmosphere on TRAPPIST-1 planets is uncertain, LHS 1140 b may well present the best current opportunity to detect and characterize a habitable world. | 9 |
a digital logic circuit is provided for multiplying , such as doubling , the frequency of an input clock pulse sequence of period t . the circuit in one embodiment includes complementarily clocked first and second chains of cascaded delay elements . further , the n &# 39 ; th one of set of clocked latches derives its input from the 2n &# 39 ; th one of the delay elements in the first chain , where n is a running integer index . the circuit also includes a set of two - input logic gates , one of whose inputs is the output of a separate one of the logic elements in the second chain and the other of whose inputs is an output of a separate one of the latches . each of the outputs of these logic gates is fed to a multiple input output logic gate whose output has a desired double - frequency feature relative to the frequency of the clocked pulse sequence . | 7 |
a printing apparatus and display system including a detachable printing apparatus that enables printing and / or erasing of display information directly to and / or from display systems . the printing apparatus may print and delete color images to / from a substrate using a printing mechanism and a plurality of color toners , using a detachable mobile printing apparatus . the printing apparatus may enable recycling of erased toner from previously erased images . | 6 |
an electrochemical device includes at least one carrier substrate , and a stack of functional layers including at least one electrically conducting layer that includes metal oxide , and a multicomponent electrode including at least one electrochemically active layer , at least one higher - conductivity material and at least one network of one of conducting wires and conducting strips . the higher - conductivity material has a surface resistance that is lower than a surface resistance of the electrically conducting layer . the stack of functional layers is arranged between two substrates , and each may be rigid , of glass type or rigid polymer or semi - rigid or flexible of pet type . | 1 |
a process for chemical enrichment of uranium with respect to a lighter one of its isotopes . the process consists in contacting uranium of valence state iii and uranium of valence state iv , or a compound of uranium of valence state iii and a different compound of uranium of valence state iii . one of the phases which are contacted or the only phase is liquid . the system should be substantially free of elements which would cause uranium iii to oxidize to valence iv . | 1 |
a continuous process for manufacturing a polyester includes introducing reactant components including a terephthalic acid slurry having an ethylene glycol to terephthalic acid molar ratio of about 2 and a tio 2 slurry to an initial reactor vessel and stirring the reactant components at greater than 0 to 200 rpm to form an oligomer ; transferring the oligomer , phosphoric acid , and at least one additive to an intermittent reactor vessel and stirring at 400 rpm to 1000 rpm to form an intermediate , wherein the oligomer , the at least one additive , and the phosphoric acid have a residence time of from 1 minute to 5 minutes in the intermittent vessel ; and polymerizing the intermediate in a final reactor vessel at a temperature of 285 ° c . to 320 ° c ., and in the absence of a polyethylene glycol , to obtain the polyester . | 2 |
resin is mixed with graphite particles to form a blendable , processable premold coating . when the premold coating is incorporated onto the surface of a premold coated molded plastic product produced by the premold process , said coating is rendered electrostatically conductive . | 1 |
two design variations which allow multiple processors to start up using a single rom are disclosed . in each design , a single , primary processor is allowed to perform a complete post while the remaining , secondary processors are directed in the course of their post to perform a more limited initialization sequence . at power on , the primary processor begins a normal post , while the secondary processors are held until a vector is placed into a redirection vector location . each secondary processor is then subsequently started , using its own initialization code located at the address indicated by the redirection vector . the first technique is applicable to general multiprocessor systems because the implementation of this design can be run either from external software or from an addition to the operating system of the particular machine on which it is being used . the second technique is more specifically oriented to a particular system , and includes the use of an identity register to differentiate between primary and secondary processors . | 6 |
a heat dissipation device includes a heat sink , a fan holder located on the heat sink and a fan mounted on the fan holder . the heat sink includes a plurality of fins extending therefrom and defines two slots in two opposite outmost fins thereof . the fan holder includes two brackets each having a positioning rib engaged in a corresponding slot of the heat sink and resisting the outmost fin to thereby mount the fan holder to the heat sink . | 7 |
an ink jet recording head unit includes a plurality of nozzle elements , a plurality of piezoelectric elements and a driving unit . the plurality of piezoelectric elements is provided in one - to - one correspondence with the plurality of nozzle elements . each piezoelectric element has a positive pole and a negative pole . each piezoelectric element expands and contracts when a voltage potential difference between the positive pole and the negative pole is varied . the plurality of nozzle elements includes a first nozzle element and a second nozzle element adjacent to the first nozzle element . a first piezoelectric element and a second piezoelectric element correspond to the first nozzle element and the second nozzle element respectively . the driving unit controls the first piezoelectric element and the second piezoelectric element to expand and contract in a complementary manner . | 1 |
a yarn storing , feeding and measuring device , particularly for jet looms , has a stationary drum onto which an intermediate yarn store is wound by a winding - on device and from which the yarn is withdrawn , yarn sensing means detecting the withdrawal of the yarn from the drum by generating pulse signals indicating that the yarn passes a detection area of the yarn sensing means , a plurality of yarn stopping devices arranged at angular intervals around the storage drum and a control device adjustable to desired yarn lengths to be withdrawn , said control device being responsive to said pulse signals such that an actuating signal is transmitted to a selected yarn stopping device whose angular position corresponds to the position of the yarn when said desired yarn length has been withdrawn . the yarn sensing means consists of yarn sensors , the number thereof being lower than and independent from the number of yarn stopping devices , and said control device comprises storing means for storing information regarding the yarn stopping device actuated at the end of the previous yarn withdrawal cycle and calculating means for determining one yarn stopping device to be actuated next among the plurality of yarn stopping devices on the basis of input information for the calculating means representing said desired yarn length and on the basis of said stored information . | 3 |
in general , in one aspect , the disclosure describes a method that includes providing a user interface common to multiple development tools , different ones of the development tools dedicated to different processor architectures . the method also includes enabling communications between the user interface and the development tools . | 6 |
a double - sided led has a double - sided light emitting structure formed by electroplating or electrocasting without the need for wire bonding . the double - sided light emitting gives the chip a light - emitting angle of 150 degrees or higher . in addition , the device has good light extraction and heat dissipation characteristics . | 7 |
a method for automatically measuring the modulation transfer function of an imager is disclosed . a opaque mask is placed over selected columns and rows of the imager during fabrication . in the course of an automated process , photons are uniformly shone over the image sensor . the amount of the input signal that flows from the unmasked pixel cells to the masked pixel cells can then be measured and the modulation transfer function can be determined . | 7 |
a method and device for the treatment of atrial fibrillation by inhibiting the flow of electricity from the pulmonary vein to the left atrium . the method includes inhibiting electrical flow by disabling the conductive fibers mechanically , using an incision , or via fibrosis , or chemically by applying toxic substances to the fibers . in one embodiment , a device is useable to deliver a prosthetic structure to the pulmonary vein that is useable to stretch the pulmonary vein , thereby inducing fibrosis , keeping the incision open , or delivering a substance to the endothelium of the pulmonary vein . the structure delivered by the device is a self - expanding prosthetic structure . in another embodiment , a device is useable to deliver and expand a prosthetic structure that is expandable but not self - expanding . | 0 |
Spectral measurements of thermonuclear (type I) X-ray bursts from low-mass X-ray binaries have been used to measure neutron star (NS) masses and radii. A number of systematic issues affect such measurements and have raised concerns as to the robustness of the methods. We present analysis of the X-ray emission from bursts observed from 4U 1608-52 at various persistent fluxes. We find a strong dependence of the burst properties on the flux and spectral hardness of the persistent emission before burst. Bursts occurring during the low accretion rate (hard) state exhibit evolution of the blackbody normalization consistent with the theoretical predictions of NS atmosphere models. However, bursts occurring during the high accretion rate (soft) state show roughly constant normalization, which is inconsistent with the NS atmosphere models and therefore these bursts cannot be easily used to determine NS parameters. We analyse the hard-state burst to put the lower limit on the NS radius R in 4U 1608-52 of 12 km (for masses 1.0-2.4 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>). We constrain R to be between 13 and 16 km for masses 1.2-1.6 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>. The best agreement with the theoretical NS mass-radius relations is achieved for source distances in the range 3.1-3.7 kpc. We expect that the radius limit will be 10 per cent lower if spectral models including rapid rotation are used instead. | 9 |
the present invention relates to a process for preparing clear sera which are stable over a long period and also to their use in diagnostics . | 6 |
methods and arrangements for ensuring that , when a computer system is stolen or otherwise misplaced , the system is rendered unusable . conventional solutions have required software running on the system to perform the lockdown action , but in accordance with at least one preferred embodiment of the present invention is the linkage of tpm and amt solutions whereby an amt arrangement can remove secure data or identifiers so that any encrypted data present on the system will become unusable . | 6 |
The observed deficit of strongly Lyα emitting galaxies at z > 6.5 is attributed to increasing neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium (IGM) and/or to the evolving galaxy properties. To investigate this we have performed very deep near-IR spectroscopy of z >~ 7 galaxies using MOSFIRE on the Keck-I Telescope. We measure the Lyα fraction at z ~ 8 using two methods. First, we derived N <SUB>Lyα</SUB>/N <SUB>tot</SUB> directly, using extensive simulations to correct for incompleteness. Second, we used a Bayesian formalism (introduced by Treu et al.) that compares the z > 7 galaxy spectra to models of the Lyα equivalent width (W <SUB>Lyα</SUB>) distribution at z ~ 6. We explored two simple evolutionary scenarios: pure number evolution where Lyα is blocked in some fraction of galaxies (perhaps due to the IGM being opaque along only some fraction of sightlines) and uniform dimming evolution where Lyα is attenuated in all galaxies by a constant factor (perhaps owing to processes from galaxy evolution or a slowly increasing IGM opacity). The Bayesian formalism places stronger constraints compared with the direct method. Combining our data with that in the literature, we find that at z ~ 8 the Lyα fraction has dropped by a factor of >3 (84% confidence interval) using both the dimming and number evolution scenarios, compared to the z ~ 6 values. Furthermore, we find a tentative positive Bayesian evidence favoring the number evolution scenario over dimming evolution, extending trends observed at z <~ 7 to higher redshift. A comparison of our results with theoretical models implies the IGM volume averaged neutral hydrogen fraction >~ 0.3, suggesting that we are likely witnessing reionization in progress at z ~ 8. <P />The data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. | 9 |
Compact binary mergers are sources of gravitational waves, and can be accompanied by electromagnetic signals. We discuss the possible features in the kilonova emissions which may help distinguish the black hole - neutron star mergers from the binary neutron stars. In addition, the amount of ejected material may depend on whether the system undergoes the creation of a transient hyper-massive, differentially rotating neutron star. In this context, the numerical simulations of post-merger systems and their outflows are important for our understanding of the nature of short GRB progenitor systems. In this article, we present a suite of GR MHD simulations performed by the CTP PAS astrophysics group, to model the neutrino driven disk winds and their contribution to the kilonova emissions. The contribution of the disk wind to the jet collimation and variability is also briefly discussed. | 9 |
a performance enhancing and force absorbing mouthguard adapted to fit the upper teeth of the mouth of an athlete wherein the mouthguard is unobstructably tethered and of a composite material . the first internal layer is a nonsoftenable flexible framework which will permit the mouthguard to hold its shape during fitting as well as to absorb and dissipate significant impact conveyed to the upper teeth . a hard , durable bite plate wedge lowers the condyle from the temporomandibular joint in a fulcrum action to place the lower jaw in an optimum condition preventing impingement upon the nerves and arteries as well as spacing the upper and lower teeth apart . elastomeric traction pads are on the bottom of the mouthguard and are grippingly engaged by the posterior teeth of the lower jaw . while the framework , wedge and traction pads are mechanically interlocked , a softenable material is placed over the mouthguard excepting the contact portions of the traction pads to encapsulate the mouthguard and to permit custom fitting . an anterior tab supports a transverse external bumper having left and right ports to unobstructively tether the mouthguard . | 0 |
the present invention can be achieved by a base station in which a terminal is accommodated and the terminal is communicated with another terminal , and which includes : a data rate operation / management unit which operates and stores a time - averaged data rate rave of the terminal ; a threshold value operation / management unit which obtains a current communication data rate r of the terminal to operate and store r / rave ; and a delay management unit which controls to reduce delay on the basis of the r / rave . | 7 |
This is a python package calculating a number of climate indices including Heat Wave Magnitude Index-daily (HWMId). This package requires the following python packages: numpy, scipy, iris, matplotlib. Detailed description of this package will be added in next release. | 9 |
a flaw detection apparatus detects a flaw formed on an object &# 39 ; s surface based on a digital image data indicative of said object &# 39 ; s surface as a group of plural pixels utilizing the image processing technique . an image processor is provided for detecting a direction in which each of group extends to combine a plurality of groups extending in substantially the same direction . the image processor further produces a flaw signal indicating sizes of thus combined groups . | 6 |
insulating element from mineral fibers for shipbuilding with an insulating element in form of a plate or roll felt for shipbuilding the composition of the mineral fibers of the insulating element points an alkali / alkaline - earth mass ratio of the fiber structure of the insulating element is determined by an average geometrical fiber diameter of ≦ 4 μm and a surface weight of 0 . 8 through 4 . 3 kg / m 2 and a binding agent portion above 0 . 5 until 4 weight %. | 8 |
this invention is an invasive probe apparatus including flexible elongate probe having a distal portion adjacent to a distal end thereof for insertion into the body of a subject , which portion assumes a predetermined curve form when a force is applied thereto . first and second sensors are fixed to the distal portion of the probe in known positions relative to the distal end , which sensors generate signals responsive to bending of the probe . signal processing circuitry receives the bend responsive signals and processes them to find position and orientation coordinates of at least the first sensor , and to determine the locations of a plurality of points along the length of the distal portion of the probe . | 0 |
an aluminum chlorhydroxy glycinate complex is disclosed as is an aluminum chlorhydroxy propylene glycol glycinate complex . medicinal and cosmetic compositions containing these complexes are also disclosed . | 0 |
a process for preparing 1h - imidazoquinolin - 4 - amines is disclosed . the process involves reacting a 6h - imidazotetrazoloquinoline with triphenylphosphine and hydrolyzing the product thereof . | 2 |
a method for a color tone correction is disclosed . the method generally includes the steps of generating a plurality of first intermediate components by scaling a plurality of first color components towards a first ideal color , wherein the first color components are for a first plurality of pixels in an input video signal and fall inside a first region of a color space , generating a plurality of first corrected components by adjusting the first intermediate components such that a first mapping of the first color components to the first corrected components is both continuous in the color space and non - overlapping in the color space and generating an output video signal by combining the first corrected components with a plurality of unaltered color components , wherein the unaltered color components are for a second plurality of the pixels and fall outside the first region . | 6 |
this welded structure comprises a weld metal which contains c , si , mn , cr , mo , v , nb , n and o in prescribed amounts respectively with the balance being fe and unavoidable impurities and which exhibits an a value of 200 or more and a z value of 0 . 05 or more . the a value is calculated from the element contents of the weld metal according to the formula : a value =/ 51 +/ 93 )/×/ 5 +/ 2 )}× 10 4 . the z value is calculated according to the formula : z value = n × is the number density of carbide particles present in a prior austenite grain boundary per unit grain boundary in the stress - relief annealed weld metal , and is the concentration of compound - type v as determined by analyzing an extraction residue of the stress - relief annealed weld metal ]. | 2 |
site - won spoil from an excavation which is a predominantly non - granular cohesive material can be converted into a material suitable for immediate use as a backfill material by a process of mechanically mixing the spoil with between 0 and 30 % by weight or volume of added granular material and between 1 and 10 % by weight or volume of a powder material comprising 1 - 5 % lime or with the additon of 1 - 5 % cement and / or 1 - 5 % pulverised fly ash . the process works well with clay soils and the range of suitable spoil can be extended by adding cement to the powder material . the proportions in the mixture are chosen in dependence on the clay and moisture content of the spoil . a machine which can be set to mix the ingredients and water in the correct proportions on site is also described . | 4 |
Bounded Adaptive Kernel Smoothing | 9 |
The surface of dwarf planet Ceres contains hydroxyl-rich materials. Theories predict a water ice-rich mantle, and water vapor emissions have been observed, yet no water (H<SUB>2</SUB>O) has been previously identified. The Visible and InfraRed (VIR) mapping spectrometer onboard the Dawn spacecraft has now detected water absorption features within a low-illumination, highly reflective zone in Oxo, a 10-kilometer, geologically fresh crater, on five occasions over a period of 1 month. Candidate materials are H<SUB>2</SUB>O ice and mineral hydrates. Exposed H<SUB>2</SUB>O ice would become optically undetectable within tens of years under current Ceres temperatures; consequently, only a relatively recent exposure or formation of H<SUB>2</SUB>O would explain Dawn’s findings. Some mineral hydrates are stable on geological time scales, but their formation would imply extended contact with ice or liquid H<SUB>2</SUB>O. | 9 |
Using the EPIC and RGS data from a deep (200 ks) XMM-Newton observation, we investigate the temperature structure (kT and σ<SUB>T</SUB>) and the abundances of nine elements (O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, Ar, Ca, Fe, and Ni) of the intra-cluster medium (ICM) in the nearby (z = 0.046) cool-core galaxy cluster Abell 4059. Next to a deep analysis of the cluster core, a careful modelling of the EPIC background allows us to build radial profiles up to 12' (~650 kpc) from the core. Probably because of projection effects, the temperature ICM is not found to be in single phase, even in the outer parts of the cluster. The abundances of Ne, Si, S, Ar, Ca, and Fe, but also O are peaked towards the core. The elements Fe and O are still significantly detected in the outermost annuli, which suggests that the enrichment by both type Ia and core-collapse SNe started in the early stages of the cluster formation. However, the particularly high Ca/Fe ratio that we find in the core is not well reproduced by the standard SNe yield models. Finally, 2D maps of temperature and Fe abundance are presented and confirm the existence of a denser, colder, and Fe-rich ridge south-west of the core, previously observed by Chandra. The origin of this asymmetry in the hot gas of the cluster core is still unclear, but it might be explained by a past intense ram-pressure stripping event near the central cD galaxy. <P />Appendices are available in electronic form at <A href="http://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201425282/olm">http://www.aanda.org</A> | 9 |
The analysis of gravitational lensing by galaxies and galaxy clusters typically relies on ellipsoidal lens models to describe the deflection of light by the involved dark-matter halos. These models are most often based on the isothermal density profile -- not an optimal description of the halo, but easy to use because it leads to an analytic deflection-angle formula. Dark-matter halos are better described by the Navarro--Frenk--White (NFW) density profile. We set out to study lensing by a general triaxial ellipsoidal NFW halo, with the aim of providing an analytic model that would be more consistent with the current understanding of dark-matter halos. We computed the conversion between the properties of a triaxial ellipsoidal lens model and its elliptical surface-density profile. In the case of the NFW lens model, its angular scale is defined by the projected scale semi-major axis of the halo, while its lensing regime depends on two parameters: the projected eccentricity $e$ and the convergence parameter $\kappa_\text{s}$. We employed the Bourassa \& Kantowski formalism to compute the complex scattering function of the model, which yields the deflection-angle components when separated into its real and imaginary parts. We present the obtained closed-form expressions for the deflection-angle components, valid for an arbitrary eccentricity of the surface-density profile. We use them to compute and describe the lensing properties of the model, including: the shear, its components, and the phase; critical curves, caustics, and the parameter-space mapping of their geometries; the deformations and orientations of images. The analytically solved ellipsoidal NFW lens model is available for implementation in gravitational lensing software. The techniques introduced here such as the image-plane analysis can prove to be useful for understanding the properties of other lens models as well. | 9 |
Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is considered a good tracer of the dense molecular gas that serves as fuel for star formation. However, recent large-scale surveys of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) have detected extended HCN rotational line emission far from star-forming cores. Such observations often spectroscopically resolve the HCN J = 1-0 (partially also the J = 2-1 and 3-2) hyperfine structure (HFS). A precise determination of the physical conditions of the gas requires treating the HFS line overlap effects. Here, we study the HCN HFS excitation and line emission using nonlocal radiative transfer models that include line overlaps and new HFS-resolved collisional rate coefficients for inelastic collisions of HCN with both para-H<SUB>2</SUB> and ortho-H<SUB>2</SUB> (computed via the scaled-infinite order sudden approximation up to T<SUB>k</SUB> = 500 K). In addition, we account for the role of electron collisions in the HFS level excitation. We find that line overlap and opacity effects frequently produce anomalous HCN J = 1-0 HFS line intensity ratios (i.e., inconsistent with the common assumption of the same T<SUB>ex</SUB> for all HFS lines) as well as anomalous HFS line width ratios. Line overlap and electron collisions also enhance the excitation of the higher J rotational lines. Our models explain the anomalous HCN J = 1-0 HFS spectra observed in the Orion Bar and Horsehead photodissociation regions. As shown in previous studies, electron excitation becomes important for molecular gas with H<SUB>2</SUB> densities below a few 10<SUP>5</SUP> cm<SUP>−3</SUP> and electron abundances above ~10<SUP>−5</SUP>. We find that when electron collisions are dominant, the relative intensities of the HCN J = 1-0 HFS lines can be anomalous too. In particular, electron excitation can produce low-surface-brightness HCN emission from very extended but low-density gas in GMCs. The existence of such a widespread HCN emission component may affect the interpretation of the extragalactic relationship HCN luminosity versus star-formation rate. Alternatively, extended HCN emission may arise from dense star-forming cores and become resonantly scattered by large envelopes of lower density gas. There are two scenarios - namely, electron-assisted (weakly) collisionally excited versus scattering - that lead to different HCN J = 1-0 HFS intensity ratios, which can be tested on the basis of observations. | 9 |
a lens assembly comprises sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis a first lens , a second lens , a stop , a third lens , a fourth lens and a fifth lens . the first lens is a biconvex lens with positive refractive power . the second lens is a meniscus lens with negative refractive power and the convex surface of second lens faces the object side . the third lens is a meniscus lens with negative refractive power and the convex surface of third lens faces the object side . the fourth lens is a meniscus lens with positive refractive power and the concave surface of fourth lens faces the object side . the fifth lens is a biconcave lens with negative refractive power . the lens assembly satisfies the following condition : 1 . 10 & lt ; d l1 / d st & lt ; 10 . 90 , wherein d l1 is an effective diameter of the first lens and d st is an effective diameter of the stop . | 6 |
in a computer system that includes processing , memory and i / o modules and acpi for outputting an onctl signal to a power supply unit . the power supply is configured to output a power off signal indicative of power off state and power on signal indicative of power on state . there is provided an embedded controller coupled to the acpi and to the power supply unit . the embedded controller includes input for receiving a shut off event and in response to the shut off event , feeding to the acpi a controller power off signal as long as the power supply is in power on state . | 6 |
Globular clusters (GCs) are dense, gravitationally bound systems of thousands to millions of stars. They are preferentially associated with the oldest components of galaxies, so measurements of their composition can constrain the build-up of chemical elements in galaxies during the early Universe. We report a massive GC in the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), RBC EXT8, that is extremely depleted in heavy elements. Its iron abundance is about 1/800 that of the Sun and about one-third that of the most iron-poor GCs previously known. It is also strongly depleted in magnesium. These measurements challenge the notion of a metallicity floor for GCs and theoretical expectations that massive GCs could not have formed at such low metallicities. | 9 |
photocopy machine having a feed module for successively feeding individual original documents from a stack thereof . cooperating portions of the feed module and of the photocopying machine form a straight line original document feed path having an entryway that is accessible for conventional insertion of original documents . the feed module includes apparatus for successively feeding original documents from a stack along a direction reversing path that leads to the above entryway of the straight line feed path . the feed module can be pivoted to afford access to the straight line original document path and to permit copying of original documents which cannot be sheet fed . the feed module includes an original document separating arrangement wherein a feed tire and flanking retarder bars are cooperatively disposed so as to obviate need for any adjustment of the arrangement to afford proper feeding of documents of variable thickness . | 1 |
We present a comprehensive analysis of z > 8 galaxies based on ultra-deep WFC3/IR data. We exploit all the WFC3/IR imaging over the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field from the HUDF09 and the new HUDF12 program, in addition to the HUDF09 parallel field data, as well as wider area imaging over GOODS-South. Galaxies are selected based on the Lyman break technique in three samples centered around z ~ 9, z ~ 10, and z ~ 11, with seven z ~ 9 galaxy candidates, and one each at z ~ 10 and z ~ 11. We confirm a new z ~ 10 candidate (with z = 9.8 ± 0.6) that was not convincingly identified in our first z ~ 10 sample. Using these candidates, we perform one of the first estimates of the z ~ 9 UV luminosity function (LF) and improve our previous constraints at z ~ 10. Extrapolating the lower redshift UV LF evolution should have revealed 17 z ~ 9 and 9 z ~ 10 sources, i.e., a factor ~3 × and 9× larger than observed. The inferred star formation rate density (SFRD) in galaxies above 0.7 M <SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>-1</SUP> decreases by 0.6 ± 0.2 dex from z ~ 8 to z ~ 9, in excellent agreement with previous estimates. From a combination of all current measurements, we find a best estimate of a factor 10× decrease in the SFRD from z ~ 8 to z ~ 10, following (1 + z)<SUP>-11.4 ± 3.1</SUP>. Our measurements thus confirm our previous finding of an accelerated evolution beyond z ~ 8, and signify a very rapid build-up of galaxies with M <SUB>UV</SUB> < -17.7 mag within only ~200 Myr from z ~ 10 to z ~ 8, in the heart of cosmic reionization. <P />Based on data obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope operated by AURA, Inc., for NASA under contract NAS5-26555. | 9 |
a device for fixing the position of a sheet includes a feeding table for transporting the sheet ; at least one front lay disposed in vicinity of the feeding table and , in a working position , protruding upwardly beyond the plane of the feeding table ; a swivellable holder to which the front lay and an adjusting device for the front lay are secured ; and a adjusting device secured to the holder , the front lay and the adjusting device being disposed separated from one another on the holder , the front lay being in continuous biasing engagement , under tension , with the adjusting device , so that , by changing the position of the holder , the front lay and the adjusting device are movable from the working position into a neutral position and , conversely , from the neutral position into the working position . | 1 |
an apparatus for providing a cutting line on a glass sheet , in which the cutting line for bend - cutting the glass sheet is provided on the glass sheet conveyed on a carrying roller , is provided with : a cutter configured to provide the cutting line on the glass sheet ; a ball slide device configured to freely move the cutter up and down in accordance with an up - down movement of the conveyed glass sheet , and to absorb an excessive pressing force of the cutter onto a glass sheet surface so as to keep the pressing force constant ; a spring configured to apply an appropriate cutter pressure to the glass sheet surface ; an arm configured to support the ball slide device , the spring , and the cutter ; and a pressing device configured to press the arm toward the glass sheet surface . | 8 |
a cannulation device is provided that includes : an elongated flexible sheath having a lumen and a distal end ; a segmented tip including one or more segmental elements disposed at the distal end ; a control member disposed in the lumen and fixed to a distal most segmental element of the one or more segmental elements ; and an actuator for selectively tensioning and relaxing the control member to decrease and increase , respectively , a flexibility of the segmented tip . | 0 |
a parallel computer of this invention includes a plurality of memory elements and a plurality of processing elements and each of the processing elements is connected to logically adjacent memory elements . for example , the processing element which corresponds to a logical position is connected to the memory elements which correspond to a plurality of logical positions , , and . it is preferable if each of the memory elements can be accessed from the exterior . according to this invention , efficient memory access can be made and the parallel processing can be performed at high speed without increasing the hardware amount and making the control operation complicated . further , the operation speed of the image processing can be enhanced by constructing an image memory by use of a plurality of memory elements and causing the processing element to effect the image processing in a distributed and cooperative manner . | 6 |
We present results from fully relativistic three-dimensional core-collapse supernova simulations of a non-rotating 15{M}<SUB>⊙ </SUB> star using three different nuclear equations of state (EoSs). From our simulations covering up to ∼350 ms after bounce, we show that the development of the standing accretion shock instability (SASI) differs significantly depending on the stiffness of nuclear EoS. Generally, the SASI activity occurs more vigorously in models with softer EoS. By evaluating the gravitational-wave (GW) emission, we find a new GW signature on top of the previously identified one, in which the typical GW frequency increases with time due to an accumulating accretion to the proto-neutron star (PNS). The newly observed quasi-periodic signal appears in the frequency range from ∼100 to 200 Hz and persists for ∼150 ms before neutrino-driven convection dominates over the SASI. By analyzing the cycle frequency of the SASI sloshing and spiral modes as well as the mass accretion rate to the emission region, we show that the SASI frequency is correlated with the GW frequency. This is because the SASI-induced temporary perturbed mass accretion strikes the PNS surface, leading to the quasi-periodic GW emission. Our results show that the GW signal, which could be a smoking-gun signature of the SASI, is within the detection limits of LIGO, advanced Virgo, and KAGRA for Galactic events. | 9 |
We develop a lightweight authentication protocol for QKD based on a ‘ping-pong’ scheme of authenticity check for QKD. An important feature of this scheme is that the only one authentication tag is generated and transmitted during each of the QKD post-processing rounds. | 9 |
an apparatus for achieving increased fuel efficiency in a nuclear reactor wherein spectral shift is utilized to adjust for excess reactivity . this feature is achieved by stationary displacer rods within the fluid moderator of the reactor , with these stationary displacer rods decreasing ineffective volume during operation of the reactor whereby the effective volume of the fluid moderator increases as the nuclear fuel is burned . this decrease in effective volume is achieved by providing a sacrificial material in the displacer rods that is dissolved by the fluid moderator . the composition of the sacrificial material can be varied along the length of the rod so as to achieve the desired reduction of volume despite a temperature gradient along the rod . | 8 |
the present invention provides liquid formulations of antibodies or fragments thereof that specifically bind to a hepatitis b virus antigen , which formulations exhibit stability , low to undetectable levels of aggregations , and very little to no loss of the biological activities of the antibodies or antibody fragments , even during long periods of storage . furthermore , the invention provides methods of preventing , treating or ameliorating one or more symptoms associated with hbv infection utilizing the liquid formulations of the present invention . | 0 |
First release | 9 |
a lane boundary detector includes an edge point extracting unit that extracts a plurality of edge points of a lane sign from the input image , and an edge line extracting unit that extracts a plurality of edge lines of the lane sign from the edge points to formulate a position and a direction of each of the edge lines as a straight line on the road surface , using a parameter set consisting of at least two variables . the detector further includes a branch point detecting unit that determines whether a crossing point of two of the edge lines can be a branch point of the lane , based on whether a characteristic difference vector defined with the variables with respect to the two edge lines falls within a predetermined appropriate range , and a lane boundary determining unit that determines the left and the right boundary positions of the lane . | 6 |
a method , apparatus and system for securely providing material to a licensee of the material are described . in each , at least one license key is provided , preferably along with a license including usage rights for requested content or material to the licensee . the material requested and licensed by the licensee is provided to the licensee encrypted with at least one content key . to achieve a second - level of security , the at least one content key is provided to the licensee encrypted with the at least one license key so that both the at least one content key and the at least one license key are necessary for the licensee to decrypt and use the encrypted material . | 6 |
a method of expanding tubing comprises locating an expansion tool in a section of tubing to be expanded , applying a fluid pressure to the tubing to create a fluid pressure expansion force and induce a hoop stress in the tubing , and applying a mechanical expansion force to the tubing via the expansion tool . the combined fluid pressure expansion force and mechanical expansion force is selected to be sufficient to induce expansion of the tubing . | 1 |
the subject matter of the invention is a functional population of human brown adipocytes , in which the expression of ucp1 , cidea , cpt1b and bc12 is higher , the expression of bax is lower and the expression of ppar - alpha , pgc - 1alpha , pgc - 1 beta and prdm16 is similar compared with the corresponding expressions of a population of human white adipocytes . the invention also relates to a method for differentiation of hmads cells into the functional population of human brown adipocytes , to a method for conversion of a population of human white adipocytes into the functional population of human brown adipocytes , and also to a method of screening for molecules capable of modulating the bodyweight in an individual . | 2 |
the amount of water emitted from an elongated irrigation tube having a series of holes in its periphery can be decreased by forming an enlarged wall portion of the peripheral wall of the tube and locating the dispensing holes in this enlarged portion . preferably the holes are located so as extend at an angle of less than 45 ° to the center of the tube . | 4 |
a process for preparing thioethers of mercaptocarboxylic acids by contacting glycolic acid or bromoacetic acid and a mercaptan in the presence of aqueous hydrogen bromide . | 2 |
the present process produces a clean burning coal from low grade coal and has a higher heating value per unit mass , as compared to the feed stock coal . the clean coal may be used in coal - fired power plants , industrial boilers , and homes since it produces fewer or none of the emissions commonly associated with coal burning devices . the process treats coal prior to its combustion and removes about 90 percent of the pollutants . these pollutants are removed within 6 to 18 minutes , many of which may be recycled into products such as roofing tar , chemical feed stocks , and light hydrocarbons that can be used as gaseous fuels . the final product is suitable for use in homes where coal is used for cooking and heating , and significantly improves the health of those who have previously been exposed to toxic fumes from burning uncleaned coal in their homes . the process is fueled by its own by - products , recycles heat , and reduces coal weight to save energy in transporting it to the user . | 2 |
This study focuses on determining the characteristics of the young open cluster NGC 6383. To achieve this, the HDBSCAN clustering algorithm is utilized to identify potential cluster members based on proper motions and parallaxes from Gaia Data Release 3. Various parameters of NGC 6383, such as tidal radius, core radius, distance through parallax and isochrone-fitting, proper motion, age, metallicity, and relevant others, are assessed. To perform this analysis, we utilize an extension of Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, the No-U-Turn Sampler. The results of this analysis point out that NGC 6383 is a very young open cluster $(\sim 1 - 4~\mathrm{Myr})$, with a distance of $\sim 1.1~\mathrm{kpc}$. | 9 |
Coronal loops are the fundamental building blocks of the solar corona. Therefore, comprehending their properties is essential in unraveling the dynamics of the upper solar atmosphere. In this study, we conduct a comparative analysis of the morphology and dynamics of a coronal loop observed from two different spacecraft: the High Resolution Imager (HRI<SUB>EUV</SUB>) of the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager on board the Solar Orbiter, and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. These spacecraft were separated by 43° during this observation. The main findings of this study are that (1) the observed loop exhibits similar widths in both the HRI<SUB>EUV</SUB> and AIA data, suggesting that the cross-sectional shape of the loop is circular; (2) the loop maintains a uniform width along its entire length, supporting the notion that coronal loops do not exhibit expansion; and (3) notably, the loop undergoes unconventional dynamics, including thread separation and abrupt downward movement. Intriguingly, these dynamic features also appear similar in data from both spacecraft. Although based on observation of a single loop, these results raise questions about the validity of the coronal-veil hypothesis and underscore the intricate and diverse nature of the complexity within coronal loops. <P />Movie associated to Fig. 1 is available at <A href="https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348776/olm">https://www.aanda.org</A>. | 9 |
In this paper we develop tools for observers to use when analyzing nebular spectra for temperatures and metallicities, with two goals: to present a new, simple method to calculate equilibrium electron temperatures for collisionally excited line flux ratios, using the latest atomic data; and to adapt current methods to include the effects of possible non-equilibrium "κ" electron energy distributions. Adopting recent collision strength data for [O III], [S III], [O II], [S II], and [N II], we find that existing methods based on older atomic data seriously overestimate the electron temperatures, even when considering purely Maxwellian statistics. If κ distributions exist in H II regions and planetary nebulae as they do in solar system plasmas, it is important to investigate the observational consequences. This paper continues our previous work on the κ distribution. We present simple formulaic methods that allow observers to (1) measure equilibrium electron temperatures and atomic abundances using the latest atomic data, and (2) to apply simple corrections to existing equilibrium analysis techniques to allow for possible non-equilibrium effects. These tools should lead to better consistency in temperature and abundance measurements, and a clearer understanding of the physics of H II regions and planetary nebulae. | 9 |
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