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Episodic accretion in protostars leads to luminosity outbursts that end up heating their surroundings. This rise in temperature pushes the snow lines back, enabling the desorption of chemical species from dust grain surfaces, which may significantly alter the chemical history of the accreting envelope. However, a limited number of extensive chemical surveys of eruptive young stars have been performed thus far. In the present study, we carry out a large spectral survey of the binary Class I protostar L1551 IRS 5, known to be a FUor-like object, in the 3mm and 2mm bands with the IRAM-30m telescope. As a result, we detected more than 400 molecular lines. The source displays a great chemical richness with the detection of 75 species, including isotopologues. Among these species, there are 13 hydrocarbons, 25 N-bearing species, 30 O-bearing species, 15 S-bearing species, 12 deuterated molecules, and a total of 10 complex organic molecules (l-C4H2, CH3CCH, CH2DCCH, CH3CHO, CH3CN, CH3OCH3, CH3OCHO, CH3OH, CH2DOH, and HC5N). With the help of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE models, we determined the column densities of most molecules as well as excitation and kinetic temperatures. While most of those molecules trace the cold envelope (< 20 K), the OCS and CH3OH emission arise from the warm (> 100 K) innermost (< 2'' ) regions. We compared the chemical inventory of L1551 IRS 5 and its column density ratios, including isotopic ratios, with other protostellar sources. A broad chemical diversity is seen among Class I objects. More observations with both single-dish telescopes and interferometers are needed to characterize the diversity in a larger sample of protostars, while more astrochemical models would help explain this diversity, in addition to the impact of luminosity outbursts on the chemistry of protostellar envelopes. | 9 |
an optical system consists essentially of , in order from the magnification side , a first lens having a positive refractive power with a convex surface on the magnification side , a second lens having a negative refractive power , a third lens having a negative refractive power , a fourth lens having a positive refractive power , a fifth lens having a positive refractive power , and a sixth lens having a positive refractive power , wherein the following conditional expressions and are satisfied : 0 . 17 & lt ; d 2 / f & lt ; 0 . 80 − 60 & lt ; ν d 1 − ν d 2 & lt ;− 15 where d2 : distance on the optical axis between the first lens and the second lens f : focal length of the entire system νd1 : abbe number of the first lens with reference to d - line νd2 : abbe number of the second lens with reference to d - line . | 6 |
We present a systemic analysis of all of the stellar-mass black hole binaries (confirmed and candidate) observed by the Swift observatory up to 2010 June. The broad Swift bandpass enables a trace of disk evolution over an unprecedented range in flux and temperature. The final data sample consists of 476 X-ray spectra containing greater than 100 counts, in the 0.6-10 keV band. This is the largest sample of high-quality CCD spectra of accreting black holes published to date. In addition, strictly simultaneous data at optical/UV wavelengths are available for 255 (54%) of these observations. The data are modeled with a combination of an accretion disk and a hard spectral component. For the hard component we consider both a simple power-law model and a thermal Comptonization model. An accretion disk is detected at greater than the 5σ confidence level in 61% of the observations. Light curves and color-color diagrams are constructed for each system. Hardness-luminosity and disk fraction-luminosity diagrams are constructed and are observed to be consistent with those typically observed by RXTE, noting the sensitivity below 2 keV provided by Swift. The observed spectra have an average luminosity of ~1% Eddington, though we are sensitive to accretion disks down to a luminosity of 10<SUP>-3</SUP> L <SUB>Edd</SUB>. Thus, this is also the largest sample of such cool accretion disks studied to date. The accretion disk temperature distribution displays two peaks consistent with the classical hard and soft spectral states, with a smaller number of disks distributed between these. The distribution of inner disk radii is observed to be continuous regardless of which model is used to fit the hard continua. There is no evidence for large-scale truncation of the accretion disk in the hard state (at least for L<SUB>x</SUB> >~ 10<SUP>-3</SUP> L <SUB>Edd</SUB>), with all of the accretion disks having radii <~ 40 R<SUB>g</SUB> . Plots of the accretion disk inner radius versus hardness ratio reveal the disk radius to be decreasing as the spectrum hardens, i.e., enters the hard state. This is in contrast to expectations from the standard disk truncation paradigm and points toward a contribution from spectral hardening. The availability of simultaneous X-ray and optical/UV data for a subset of observations facilitates a critical examination of the role of disk irradiation via a modified disk model with a variable emissivity profile (i.e., T(r)vpropr <SUP>-p </SUP>). The broadband spectra (X-ray-optical/UV) reveal irradiation of the accretion disk to be an important effect at all luminosities sampled herein, i.e., p <~ 0.75 for luminosities >~ 10<SUP>-3</SUP> L <SUB>Edd</SUB>. The accretion disk is found to dominate the UV emission irrespective of the assumed hard spectral component. Overall, we find the broadband soft-state spectra to be consistent with an irradiated accretion disk plus a corona, but we are unable to make conclusive statements regarding the nature of the hard-state accretion flow (e.g., ADAF/corona versus jet). Finally, the Swift data reveal a relation between the flux emitted by the accretion disk and that emitted by the corona, for this sample of stellar-mass black holes, that is found to be in broad agreement with the observed disk-corona relationship in Seyfert galaxies, suggesting a scale invariant coupling between the accretion disk and the corona. | 9 |
an opener for separating the shells of a clam or oyster . the inventive device includes a base plate having a support channel for receiving and supporting an oyster . a lever arm is pivotally mounted to the base plate and includes an engaging tip secured to the lever arm and positioned for engagement with the oyster residing within the support channel to effect cracking and opening of the oyster . the opener substantially reduces a chance of an operator sustaining a laceration during opening of a shell , thereby reducing a risk of viral contamination of the associated clam or oyster . | 0 |
We have simulated a common envelope interaction between a 0.88 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>, 90 R<SUB>⊙</SUB>, red giant branch star, and a 0.6 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>, compact companion with the smoothed particle hydrodynamics code, PHANTOM, from the beginning of the Roche lobe overflow phase to the beginning of the self-regulated inspiral, at three different resolutions. The duration of the Roche lobe overflow phase is resolution dependent and would lengthen with increased resolution beyond the ∼20 yr observed, while the inspiral phase and the post-common envelope separation are largely independent of (average) resolution. Mass transfer rates through the Lagrangian points drive the orbital evolution during the Roche lobe overflow phase, as predicted analytically. The absolute mass transfer rate is resolution dependent, but always within a factor of two of the analytical value. Similarly, the gravitational drag in the simulations is close to the analytical approximation. This verifies simulations and shows that these analytical approximations are reasonable. The L<SUB>2</SUB> and L<SUB>3</SUB> outflows observed during Roche lobe overflow remain bound, forming a circumbinary disc that is largely disrupted by the common envelope ejection. However, a longer phase of Roche lobe overflow and weaker common envelope ejection typical of a more stable Roche lobe phase may result in a surviving circumbinary disc. Finally, we examine the density distribution resulting from the interaction for simulations that include or omit the phase of Roche lobe overflow. We conclude that the degree of stability of the Roche lobe phase modulates the shape of the subsequent planetary nebula, explaining the wide range of post-common envelope planetary nebula shapes observed. | 9 |
a technique for and structures for camouflaging an integrated circuit structure . a layer of conductive material having a controlled outline is disposed to provide artifact edges of the conductive material that resemble an operable device when in fact the device is not operable . | 7 |
the method of inspecting a degraded area of a metal structure covered by a composite repair generally comprises operating a compton scattering inspection device onto the degraded area , including emitting a beam of radiation particles directed towards and across the composite repair , detecting at least some backscattered photons scattered back from the metal structure , and acquiring compton scattering data from the detected backscattered photons , the compton scattering data being indicative of remaining wall thickness of the degraded area . | 6 |
an electrical direct linear drive device , with a stator having two guide rails for the linear guidance of a driven carriage is proposed , wherein a permanent magnet arrangement providing the electrical drive , and a drive coil arrangement , which is movable relatively thereto , are provided . the guide rails are arranged on sides of the stator which are differently oriented , wherein the carriage extends at least partially over each one of these sides . guide elements having guide channels for the guide rails are arranged on the carriage . | 5 |
a biological specimen collection device comprises a specimen receptacle having a closed first end and an open second end . a removable conduit is provided for introducing a biological specimen into the receptacle and is connected to the second end of the receptacle . a base removably receives the first end of the receptacle and supports the receptacle in a substantially vertical position . a cap is removably connected to the base , this cap adapted to provide a liquid seal between the cap and the open second end of the receptacle . the cap is maintained in a protective environment during introduction of the biological specimen into the receptacle . access is permitted to the cap after the specimen has been collected for subsequently capping the open end of the receptacle with its contents . | 8 |
a structure and method of fabricating reversible fuse and antifuse structures for semiconductor devices is provided . in one embodiment , the method includes forming at least one line having a via opening for exposing a portion of a plurality of interconnect features ; conformally depositing a first material layer over the via opening ; depositing a second material layer over the first material layer , wherein the depositing overhangs a portion of the second material layer on a top portion of the via opening ; and depositing a blanket layer of insulating material , where the depositing forms a plurality of fuse elements each having an airgap between the insulating material and the second material layer . the method further includes forming a plurality of electroplates in the insulator material connecting the fuse elements . in another embodiment , the method includes depositing a first and a second material layer on a semiconductor substrate , wherein the second material layer having a higher electrical conductivity than the first material layer ; selectively etching the first and second material layer to create at least one constricted region to facilitate electromigration of the second material ; wherein the electromigration creates a plurality of micro voids ; and forming a plurality of electrical contacts on the second material layer . | 7 |
disclosed are various embodiments for translation of speech in a video messaging application . a segment of streaming video is decoded to separate the visual component from the audio component . the audio component is then converted to text , which may then be translated and converted to a translation output comprising a new language . in response , the translation output may be encoded with the previously separated visual component . a delay is imposed on the visual component to account for any delays that may arise in translation . the translated video may then be streamed to participants giving the appearance of real - time video conferencing . | 7 |
an interface for expanding a signal starting from a first sensing signal and a second sensing signal , wherein a receiving intensity measuring element generates an intensity signal ; and a selector is controlled to select each time the first sensing signal , the second sensing signal , or a combined signal deriving from a weighted combination of these signals . the selector uses a plurality of thresholds variable as a function of the intensity signal . | 7 |
an exposure feedback apparatus is disclosed that includes a comparison unit for receiving and comparing image data with a predetermined exposure level and generating a comparison signal indicative thereof , and a multiplexing unit responsive to the comparison signal for supplying the image data to a display output line when the image data is within a desired exposure range and for alternatingly supplying the image data and preselected display data to the output line when the image data is outside of a desired exposure range . in operation , the alternating supply of the image data and preselected display data to the display output line causes portions of a display unit coupled thereto to &# 34 ; blink &# 34 ; when areas of the imaged scene exceed the predetermined exposure level . thus , the user is supplied with visual feedback that is indicative of the exposure conditions of the captured image . | 7 |
methods are provided for the detection of susceptibility to cancer and non - cancerous pathologies in a mammal . diagnostic kits are also provided . | 2 |
InvertibleNetworks v2.2.5 Diff since v2.2.4 Closed issues: Flux friendlyness (#78) Merged pull requests: conditional glow 3d w test and example (#66) (@rafaelorozco) fix Flux compat (#79) (@mloubout) | 9 |
a programmable array logic device including a programmable logic array , at least one register pair , a multiplexer coupled to the register pair so that they can share a common i / o pin , and an observability buffer for controlling the multiplexer . a dual clock buffer is provided so that registers within the register pair can be clocked singly when in a preload mode or together when in a logic or verification mode . when in the logic mode , either the output of a buried state register or a output register is observed at the i / o pin under the control of a product term generated by the logic array . when in the preload mode the register to be preloaded is selected by an externally provided preload select signal . in the verification mode , which typically follows a programming mode , individually selected product terms within the logic array can be observed by clocking them into the register pairs . | 6 |
the present invention relates to a laser device for projecting a structured light pattern onto a scene . the device is formed of several arrays of semiconductor lasers , each array comprising an irregular distribution of emission areas of the semiconductor lasers . one or several imaging optics image said arrays to an imaging space and superpose the images of said arrays in the imaging space to form said light pattern . the proposed laser device generates a light pattern with high contrast and efficiency which may be used for 3d imaging systems , e . g . in automotive applications . | 7 |
a non - destructive method for characterizing a sputter target material comprises the steps of sequentially irradiating a test sample of the sputter target material with sonic energy at a plurality of positions on a surface of the sample ; detecting echoes induced by the sonic energy ; discriminating texture - related back - scattering noise from the echoes to obtain modified amplitude signals ; comparing the modified amplitude signals with said at least one calibration value to detect flaw data points and no - flaw data points ; counting the flaw data points to determine a flaw count ; counting the total flaw data points and the no - flaw data points to determine a total number of data points and calculating a cleanliness factor . | 6 |
a single loop pll frequency synthesizer for operation in the mhz to ghz range , suitable for integration in integrated circuits , operates at high comparison frequencies thus achieving superior phase noise performance , having wide loop bandwidths while able to tune in small frequency steps . it is based on the fact that the output frequency and the reference clock frequency always have a rational relationship , and so can always be represented as a ratio of two integer numbers . this ratio is expanded into various expressions of equivalent fraction expansions taking the form of a series of divided , added or subtracted terms , each being a rational number in itself . this ratio is realized in hardware through stages of frequency conversions using single sideband mixers ( either the upper or lower sideband , and frequency dividers . this process of frequency translation thus generates the comparison frequency to which the pll phase - locks the vco . | 7 |
a system for a gauge well in a liquid storage tank with a floating roof including a floatable container located inside the gauge well and having a flexible laterally or radially serrated flange extending outward from the float and in contact with the inside of the well pipe to prevent vapor from the liquid stock from rising in the pipe . there may be a pair of such flexible flanges vertically spaced apart with the lower seal being just above the level of the liquid stock in the well pipe . a tape is attached at its lower end to a weight in the well pipe below the float and its upper end is connected to a winch outwardly of the upper end of the well pipe . a vertical passageway through the float is provided for the tape to pass freely therethrough and the float is freely slidable on the tape . the container includes a closed opening which is selectively opened to fill with the liquid stock at any selected level in the tank . the container also supports a thermometer and a d - ring member on top of the container to extract the float from the fill pipe when the tape is inadvertently broken . | 6 |
an adapter for use in a system for collecting colostrum and / or milk from a breast may include : a body having a predominantly cylindrical shape ; a first open end of the body for connecting to a funnel device ; a second open end of the body for connecting to a source of suction ; a side port between the first and second ends for connecting to a fluid collection device ; a catchment area at or near the side port ; and a blocking member between the side port and the second end , for preventing colostrum from passing beyond the side port and through the second end . the blocking member may include at least one aperture for allowing suction force to be transmitted from the second end to the first end . | 0 |
the present invention relates to a method for accelerating oxidation of a fat composition for a use in the preparation of food flavoring compositions , wherein the oxidation is accelerated due to the presence of a seaweed in the reaction mixture . further aspects of the invention are the activated fat composition as well as food products such as concentrated seasoning or flavoring products , condiments , sauces , gravies or ready - to - eat food products comprising such activated fat compositions . | 0 |
a self - aligned one transistor - capacitor memory cell is provided which uses an n - channel mos transistor having separate drain and source regions with a first level polysilicon conductor coupled to the top plate of the capacitor and separate second level polysilicon conductors coupled to the gate and drain of the transistor . a reduction in a dimension of the memory cell is acheived compared to a similar memory cell which uses only one level of conductors . | 7 |
a method and apparatus for conducting an operant conditioning paradigm designed to maintain the absence of vocal behavior , by a subject infant , which is equal to or above a predetermined audible level , thereby decreasing the probability of abusive behavior directed toward the subject infant by a parent or care provider . a specific schedule of reinforcement is utilized to maximize the effects of positive reinforcement , with the operation of the appropriate mode of the schedule of reinforcement being a function of the continuously monitored vocal behavior of the subject infant . a maintenance mode of said schedule of reinforcement includes the intermittent presentation of positive reinforcers , with the operation of said mode continuing indefinitely and independent of subject infant behavior until and unless the predetermined audible level is exceeded . a reacquisition mode of said schedule of reinforcement includes the contingent presentation of positive reinforcers , with the presentation of said positive reinforcers being contingent upon the cessation of vocal behavior which exceeds the predetermined audible level . a novel stimulus presentation mode is utilized to elicit a pause in vocal behavior which has exceeded the predetermined audible level for a predetermined period of time . an apparatus functioning per the present method may be enclosed in a unitary package adapted for attachment to a crib , playpen , or other appropriate child care device . | 0 |
a cruise control apparatus for a vehicle which is highly reliable and safe in operation . the cruise control apparatus includes a cruise control setting switch for setting cruise control ; a first switch operatively connected with the brake system in such a manner that it turns on and off the power supply to a throttle actuator , which acts to control the opening degree of a throttle valve , in response to brake release and application , respectively ; and a second switch for cancelling the setting of cruise control . the cruise control apparatus determines whether there is a fault in either one of the first and second switches which continues for more than a predetermined time when the vehicle is travelling at a speed higher than a predetermined level , and it inhibits the cruise control setting switch from setting cruise control when there is such a fault . | 1 |
The formation of jets in black hole accretion systems is a long-standing problem. It has been proposed that a jet can be formed by extracting the rotation energy of the black hole ("BZ-jet") or the accretion flow ("disk-jet"). While both models can produce collimated relativistic outflows, neither has successfully explained the observed jet morphology. By using general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations and considering nonthermal electrons accelerated by magnetic reconnection that is likely driven by magnetic eruption in the underlying accretion flow, we obtain images by radiative transfer calculations and compared them to millimeter observations of the jet in M87. We find that the BZ-jet originating from a magnetically arrested disk around a high-spin black hole can well reproduce the jet morphology, including its width and limb-brightening feature. The jet driven by extracting the rotation energy of the black hole can well explain the observed morphology of the jet in M87. | 9 |
an end - blown flute comprising a hollow tube open at both ends with an embouchure at the upper end of the tube to provide an end - blown free air - reed . the tube has at least 13 tone holes through the side wall thereof , the holes being particularly spaced from the bottom of the tube so that keys can be mounted in the tube in the same pattern as on a standard transverse flute and so that the end blown flute can be played with the same fingering system used with a standard transverse flute . the embouchure has a u - shaped opening which opening which opens into the upper end of the flute and also exposes the upper forward edge of the flute tube , making it easier for the player to get into the third register . | 6 |
the safe - operating area in a heterojunction bipolar transistor is improved by providing a collector region in the transistor having a graded doping between the base region and the underlying subcollector region with the collector doping being lower near the base and higher near the subcollector and with the collector doping being less than the doping of the subcollector . the non - uniformly doped collector reduces kirk effect induced breakdown when collector current increases . | 7 |
a system which uses movement of a human body to control a function of a terminal comprises : a detecting device for detecting variation of the movement of the human body depending on an intention of a user so as to transmit a detection signal ; and a terminal for storing a reference signal according to at least one class of movement and a control signal corresponding to the reference signal , for searching for a reference signal the same as the detection signal received from the detecting device , and for processing a function based on the control signal corresponding to the reference signal when the reference signal the same as the detection signal is identified . thereby , a user not only controls the terminal or a driving device , but also performs authentication processing using simple movement of his / her body without any hand operation . a corresponding method for controlling a function using movement of the human body is disclosed . | 0 |
methodology of performing double - entry bookkeeping on an internet based accounting system and producing accounting information online by means of the “ six working pages — data capturer and processor ” which is capable of capturing transaction data remotely from each remote user of plurality of on line system users and remote communication between the server and user of plurality of on line system users . the “ data capturer and processor ” is the core platform of an application program located at a server that is connected to a web ip address . the characteristics and working procedures of each page allow for bookkeeping complying with the technical rules of double entry account system and accounting principal on foreign exchange translation . the method supports the bookkeeping works and information system of a corporate with multi business units spreading all over the world . the method not only provides technical solutions encountering most of the shortcomings of carrying out bookkeeping in traditional ways , but also provides solutions to overcome well known obstacles in carrying out bookkeeping work in an internet communication environment . | 6 |
The period-luminosity sequences and the multiple periods of luminous red giant stars are examined using the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment III catalogue of long-period variables in the Large Magellanic Cloud. It is shown that the period ratios in individual multimode stars are systematically different from the ratios of the periods at a given luminosity of different period-luminosity sequences. This leads to the conclusion that the masses of stars at the same luminosity on the different period-luminosity sequences are different. An evolutionary scenario is used to show that the masses of stars on adjacent sequences differ by ∼16-26 per cent at a given luminosity, with the shorter period sequence being more massive. The mass is also shown to vary across each sequence by a similar percentage, with the mass increasing to shorter periods. On one sequence, sequence B, the mass distribution is shown to be bimodal. It is shown that the small amplitude variables on sequences A', A and B pulsate in radial and non-radial modes of angular degree ℓ = 0, 1 and 2, with the ℓ = 1 mode being the most common. The stars on sequences C' and C are predominantly radial pulsators (ℓ = 0). Matching period ratios to pulsation models shows that the radial pulsation modes associated with sequences A', A, B, C' and C are the fourth, third, second and first overtones and the fundamental mode, respectively. | 9 |
It is generally assumed that galaxies are a bimodal population in both star formation and structure; star-forming galaxies are disks, while passive galaxies host large bulges or are entirely spheroidal. Here we test this scenario by presenting a full census of the kinematic morphologies of a volume-limited sample of galaxies in the local universe extracted from the MaNGA galaxy survey. We measure the integrated stellar line-of-sight velocity to velocity dispersion ratio (V/σ) for 4574 galaxies in the stellar mass range $9.75\lt \mathrm{log}{M}_{\star }[{M}_{\odot }]\lt 11.75$ . We show that at fixed stellar mass, the distribution of V/σ is not bimodal, and that a simple separation between fast and slow rotators is oversimplistic. Fast rotators are a mixture of at least two populations, referred to here as dynamically cold disks and intermediate systems, with disks dominating in both total stellar mass and number. When considering star-forming and passive galaxies separately, the star-forming population is almost entirely made up of disks, while the passive population is mixed, implying an array of quenching mechanisms. Passive disks represent ~30% (both in number and mass) of passive galaxies, nearly a factor of two higher than that of slow rotators, reiterating that these are an important population for understanding galaxy quenching. These results paint a picture of a local universe dominated by disky galaxies, most of which become somewhat less rotation-supported upon or after quenching. While spheroids are present to a degree, they are certainly not the evolutionary end point for the majority of galaxies. | 9 |
the present invention discloses a method of making a photoresist stripper for removing a positive or negative tone photoresist , bonding adhesive , ink mark , and / or post etch residue from a semiconductor substrate , comprising a ) an organic sulfonic acid , a halogen - free organic solvent , and an alkanolamine and amine sulfonate or amine sulfonamide or mixtures thereof from semiconductor substrates . | 6 |
the present invention relates to novel compounds selected from substituted oxazole derivatives of formula that selectively modulate , regulate , and / or inhibit signal transduction mediated by certain native and / or mutant tyrosine kinases implicated in a variety of human and animal diseases such as cell proliferative , metabolic , allergic , and degenerative disorders . more particularly , these compounds are potent and selective c - kit , bcr - abl and fit - 3 inhibitors . | 2 |
disclosed herein are databases that contain image context categorizations , those categorizations identifying the context of an image based on a computed fingerprint . also disclosed herein are applications of such a database , including a viewing application that blocks the rendering of images with undesirable content noted by a content categorization , and a scanning application that locates images in a corpus or repository of images having certain content noted by content categorization , such as unlawful images . such blocking may be through an obfuscation technique , such as blurring , distorting an image , or may be through a replacement of image material . a categorization tool may include obfuscation with an aperture tool for clarifying portions of blocked images . detailed information on various example embodiments of the inventions are provided in the detailed description below , and the inventions are defined by the appended claims . | 6 |
a safety control system for a pump and anti - surge valve protects the pump , the valve and the hydraulic main line system . the valve is controlled by a pressure responsive circuit and , via a limit switch on the valve , controls both the steady state running of the pump and the pump start . a timed start circuit allows pressure to build up sufficiently to operate the valve upon initiation of pump operation . the system automatically shuts down upon power , mechanical or hydraulic failure , and prevents continued operation of the pump control valve when the pump has lost suction or there is a decrease in pump discharge pressure . | 5 |
a temperature compensated strain gauge amplifier derives compensating signals for offset and gauge errors of bridge transducers from a single temperature sensing element . the amplifier is inexpensive to construct , provides a high degree of voltage linearity with respect to temperature and is reliable in operation . | 6 |
the present invention relates to a method , system and software arrangement for determining the co - associations of allele types across consecutive loci and hence for reconstructing two haplotypes of a diploid individual from genotype data generated by mapping experiments with single molecules , families or populations . the haplotype reconstruction system , method and software arrangement of the present invention can utilize a procedure that is nearly linear in the number of polymorphic markers examined , and is therefore quicker , more accurate , and more efficient than other population - based approaches . the system , method , and software arrangement of the present invention may be useful to assist with the diagnosis and treatment of any disease , which has a genetic component . | 6 |
a latch lock system for a door that is mountable in a doorframe , the latch lock system including a main housing including a spindle and lever , a bolt having a nose part that is attractable to a magnet , the bolt being slidable in the main housing between extended and retracted positions , a spring biasing the bolt to its retracted position , a secondary housing including a strike plate in the doorframe , a magnet mounted in the secondary housing , the magnet having a magnetic force greater than the spring force which will pull the bolt to its extended position when the door is in its closed position and the bolt is aligned with the magnet . | 4 |
in the passenger compartment of an automobile or the like , a forwardly facing generally bucket - shaped loudspeaker enclosure is essentially sealed to the exposed lower corner or edge of the dashboard , and a rearwardly facing sound reflector is mounted under the dashboard and spaced from the speaker enclosure . the speaker is mounted within the enlarged end of the enclosure , the latter having an insulating lining . | 7 |
a miticidal method comprises applying a miticidal composition comprising lysocellin having the formula ## str1 ## or its salt or ester . | 0 |
Analytical codes for publication at GeoHealth. | 9 |
a quick erecting , disposable cooler which is transformable from a flat blank of corrugated sheet material may be non - destructively “ knocked down ” or collapsed after being semi - erected . the deployed cooler is moisture - proof and lacks leak paths , so it reliably stores and transports melting ice and beverage containers . a generally rectangular center panel is integrally bordered by pairs of end panels and side panels . each side panel supports a foldable top panel with special knockouts and tabs to facilitate subsequent coupling of the panels . each end panel has a small flap at its outer edge facilitating coupling . four , integral , diametrically spaced - apart corner panels interconnect the center panel with the end and side panels . score lines defined between the orthogonally arranged panels facilitate folding . corner panels include diagonal score lines . the center panel forms a cooler bottom , and the end and side panels respectively form carton ends and sides when foldably deployed . | 1 |
the invention relates to a mounting board for receiving functional elements . in order to allow for an easy replacement of different functional elements . the mounting board is provided with cutouts , into which support elements can be inserted . the support elements accommodate the different functional elements having different dimensions . | 7 |
No description provided. | 9 |
synthesis of vinyl lactones by means of palladium catalyzed coupling of vinylic halides or triflates and certain unsaturated carboxylic acids . | 2 |
the present invention provides novel benzimidazole derivatives or salts thereof represented by the general formula , ## str1 ## wherein r 1 is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom ; r 2 is a phenyl - lower alkyl group ; r 3 is a heterocyclic group selected from the group consisting of an indolyl group , indolinyl group , 1h - indazolyl group , 2 - quinolinonyl group , 3 , 4 - dihydro - 2 - quinolinonyl group and 1 , 4 - benzoxazinyl group ; a is a lower alkylene group ; n is 0 or 1 . the benzimidazole derivatives or salts of the present invention are effective agents for treating various arteriosclerotic diseases . | 2 |
a thin film superconductor assembly is disclosed along with a method of fabricating same . the assembly comprises a self - supporting substrate defining at least a portion of a containment for a flow of cryogenic fluid , a dielectric layer adherent to a surface of the substrate , a thin film superconductor adherent to the dielectric layer and a moisture and oxygen impervious electrically insulating coating covering the thin film superconductor . a method of forming such thin film superconductor assembly , wherein the dielectric layer consists essentially of aluminum nitride , comprises growing the aluminum nitride dielectric layer integrally on the surface of the substrate . | 8 |
a slue position sensing system and method of modifying a machine to include such a slue position sensing system are disclosed . the slue position sensing system may include a swing sensor housing disposed between a swing motor and a swing drive . the swing sensor housing may be coupled to a rotary position sensor that indirectly detects rotation of the target gear or a speed sensor that directly detects rotation of the target gear . for embodiments with no target gear , but with upper and lower frames rotatably coupled together by a ring gear and a swing gear , the sensor may be a rotary position sensor mounted to a slip ring assembly and magnet that are connected to a hydraulic swivel between the upper and lower frames or the sensor may be a speed sensor that detects rotation of the swing gear . the sensors generate a signal that is communicated to a controller or an ecm that accurately reflects the angular movement imparted to the work implement by the swing drive . | 8 |
systems and apparatus are described for all - to - all interconnect fabric generated monotonically increasing transaction identifiers . a method includes usage of an all - to - all interconnect fabric generated monotonically increasing transaction identifier to coordinate timing of events on an all - to - all interconnect fabric wherein a ) multiple computer elements share the interconnect fabric , b ) additional nodes add to total system bandwidth , c ) all nodes see all messages from all nodes and any one node can send a message to all nodes with a single command and d ) a single failing transmitter effects only the communication of that node . | 6 |
The beginning of the 21st century marked the "modern era of galaxy surveys" in astronomy. Rapid innovation in observing technology, combined with the base built by galaxy catalogs and atlases dating back centuries, sparked an explosion of new observational programs driven by efforts to understand the different processes driving galaxy evolution. This review aims to answer the following science questions: (1) how have galaxy surveys evolved in the past 20 yr, and how have traditional observational programs been affected by the rise of large panoramic surveys, (2) can the term "nearby" be quantified in the context of galaxy surveys, and (3) how complete is the coverage of the nearby universe and what areas hold the largest opportunity for future work? We define a galaxy survey as a systematically obtained data set which aims to characterize a set of astronomical objects. Galaxy surveys can further be subdivided based on the methods used to select the objects to observe, the properties of the survey samples (e.g., distance or morphology), or the observing strategies used. We focus on pointed nearby galaxy surveys, which we define as surveys which observe a specific sample of target galaxies. Through a study of 43 nearby galaxy surveys, we find no standardized quantitative definition for "nearby" with surveys covering a wide range of distances. We observe that since 2003, traditional targeted galaxy surveys have undergone a dramatic evolution, transitioning from large, statistical surveys to small, ultra-specific projects which compliment the rise of large high resolution panoramic surveys. While wavelength regimes observable from the ground (such as radio or optical wavelengths) host numerous surveys, the largest opportunity for future work is within the less covered space-based wavelength regimes (especially ultraviolet and X-ray). | 9 |
semiconductor device testers are provided which measure skew between two or more output pins of a semiconductor device independent of a strobe timing input . more particularly , a skew signal is generated by a comparator circuit that changes state when the respective outputs transition state , for example , from matching to differing states . in a two output pin embodiment , for instance , when one of the output pin changes state before the other and both initially are in the same state , a flip flop is set at the time when the data on the output pins first differs , i . e . when the first output pin transitions to a new state . the flip flop is then reset when the second output pin subsequently transitions to the new state and again matches the first output pin . the resulting duration of the output of the flip flop thereby corresponds to the time of skew of the output pins regardless of the initial state of the pins . | 6 |
We present the discovery and early evolution of ASASSN-19bt, a tidal disruption event (TDE) discovered by the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) at a distance of d ≃ 115 Mpc and the first TDE to be detected by TESS. As the TDE is located in the TESS Continuous Viewing Zone, our data set includes 30 minute cadence observations starting on 2018 July 25, and we precisely measure that the TDE begins to brighten ∼8.3 days before its discovery. Our data set also includes 18 epochs of Swift UVOT and XRT observations, 2 epochs of XMM-Newton observations, 13 spectroscopic observations, and ground data from the Las Cumbres Observatory telescope network, spanning from 32 days before peak through 37 days after peak. ASASSN-19bt thus has the most detailed pre-peak data set for any TDE. The TESS light curve indicates that the transient began to brighten on 2019 January 21.6 and that for the first 15 days, its rise was consistent with a flux ∝t <SUP>2</SUP> power-law model. The optical/UV emission is well fit by a blackbody spectral energy distribution, and ASASSN-19bt exhibits an early spike in its luminosity and temperature roughly 32 rest-frame days before peak and spanning up to 14 days, which has not been seen in other TDEs, possibly because UV observations were not triggered early enough to detect it. It peaked on 2019 March 4.9 at a luminosity of L ≃ 1.3 × 10<SUP>44</SUP> erg s<SUP>-1</SUP> and radiated E ≃ 3.2 × 10<SUP>50</SUP> erg during the 41 day rise to peak. X-ray observations after peak indicate a softening of the hard X-ray emission prior to peak, reminiscent of the hard/soft states in X-ray binaries. | 9 |
7 - amino ]- 2 - hydroxypropoxy ]- flavone hydrobromide , and related flavonoids are disclosed to inhibit leukotrienes and 5 - lipoxygenase ; preferred compounds also inhibit rat anaphylaxis . | 2 |
a data detection circuit employing either amplitude or transition location techniques to adjust a detection threshold for following shifts in baseline of the signal being detected . in the amplitude version , the midway amplitude value between a detected succession of positive and negative peaks adjusts the detection threshold such that threshold adjustment occurs in one detection period and is used in the immediately - following detection period . in the transition - position detection , the relative location in time of successive transitions , represented by samples of the transition of a read signal , are integrated and averaged for providing detection which tracks baseline shifts . in all cases , shifting of detection threshold is always immediately adjacent the usage of a detection threshold which continually follows a shifting dc baseline of the input signal . a tracking detection threshold follows baseline shift of a distorted read signal detects zero axis crossing of the analog signal for generating a nrzi digital waveform . | 6 |
disclosed herein is an oscillator circuit used for a pip system which displays a child picture image without distortion even when the image method of the child picture image is different from that of a parent picture image . the oscillator circuit employed in such a system includes a programmable frequency divider for frequency dividing an output of a voltage - controlled oscillator with a frequency dividing ratio to produce a frequency - divided signal and a control circuit for controlling the oscillation frequency of the oscillator 201 according to a phase difference between the frequency - divided signal and a horizontal synchronizing signal . the frequency dividing ratio for the frequency divider is changed according to the image method of the child picture image . | 7 |
device to produce polyurethane articles covered by a film , including a mold comprising a female part and a male part defining a molding cavity inside which polyurethane material is able to be injected . the device also comprises , in association with the perimeter edge of said female part , means able to exert a connection function in substantial cooperation with the zone of discontinuity between said female part and said male part . the means comprise a movable annular ring - nut including a first position to load a segment of said film in order to insert said segment inside the mold , and a second position at least partly overlapping on the perimeter of said female part in order to cooperate with said female part during the molding of said polyurethane material . | 1 |
We model long-term magneto-rotational evolution of isolated neutron stars (INSs) with long initial spin periods. This analysis is motivated by the recent discovery of young long-period neutron stars (NSs) observed as periodic radio sources: PSR J0901-4046, GLEAM-X J1627-52, and GPM J1839-10. Our calculations demonstrate that for realistically rapid spin-down during the propeller stage INSs with velocities ${\lesssim}100$ km s $^{-1}$ and assumed long initial spin periods can reach the stage of accretion from the interstellar medium within at most a few billion years as they are born already at the propeller stage or sufficiently close to the critical period of the ejector-propeller transition. If NSs with long initial spin periods form a relatively large fraction of all Galactic NSs then the number of isolated accretors is substantially larger than it has been predicted by previous studies. | 9 |
We present new ground-based, multi-colour, broad-band photometric measurements of the physical parameters, transmission and emission spectra of the transiting extrasolar planet WASP-19b. The measurements are based on observations of eight transits and four occultations through a Gunn i filter using the 1.54-m Danish Telescope, 14 transits through an R<SUB>c</SUB> filter at the Perth Exoplanet Survey Telescope (PEST) observatory and one transit observed simultaneously through four optical (Sloan g<SUP>'</SUP>, r<SUP>'</SUP>, i<SUP>'</SUP>, z<SUP>'</SUP>) and three near-infrared (J, H, K) filters, using the Gamma Ray Burst Optical and Near-Infrared Detector (GROND) instrument on the MPG/ESO 2.2-m telescope. The GROND optical light curves have a point-to-point scatter around the best-fitting model between 0.52 and 0.65 mmag rms. We use these new data to measure refined physical parameters for the system. We find the planet to be more bloated (R<SUB>b</SUB> = 1.410 ± 0.017R<SUB>Jup</SUB>; M<SUB>b</SUB> = 1.139 ± 0.030M<SUB>Jup</SUB>) and the system to be twice as old as initially thought. We also used published and archived data sets to study the transit timings, which do not depart from a linear ephemeris. We detected an anomaly in the GROND transit light curve which is compatible with a spot on the photosphere of the parent star. The starspot position, size, spot contrast and temperature were established. Using our new and published measurements, we assembled the planet's transmission spectrum over the 370-2350 nm wavelength range and its emission spectrum over the 750-8000 nm range. By comparing these data to theoretical models we investigated the theoretically predicted variation of the apparent radius of WASP-19b as a function of wavelength and studied the composition and thermal structure of its atmosphere. We conclude that: (i) there is no evidence for strong optical absorbers at low pressure, supporting the common idea that the planet's atmosphere lacks a dayside inversion; (ii) the temperature of the planet is not homogenized, because the high warming of its dayside causes the planet to be more efficient in re-radiating than redistributing energy to the night side; (iii) the planet seems to be outside of any current classification scheme. | 9 |
an environmental protection liquid fuel generator , in which the fuel oil generator is a structure made from a receiving device , an esterification device , a first standing separation device , a compression distillation device , an acid - base neutralization device , a second standing separation device , and a decompression distillation device . a mixed proportion of a vegetable oil and an alkide is placed into the fuel generator , and the esterification device is used to increase electron affinity and accelerate the reaction rate , thereby enabling the distillation of low polluting and low sulfur containing environmental protection fuel oil . | 8 |
We present a new method of time-dependent instrumental polarization calibration for very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). This method has been implemented in the recently developed polarization calibration pipeline GPCAL. Instrumental polarization, also known as polarimetric leakage, is a direction-dependent effect, and it is not constant across the beam of a telescope. Antenna pointing model accuracy is usually dependent on time, resulting in off-axis polarimetric leakages that can vary with time. The method is designed to correct for the off-axis leakages with large amplitudes that can severely degrade linear polarization images. Using synthetic data generated based on real Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) data observed at 43 GHz, we evaluate the performance of the method. It was able to reproduce the off-axis leakages assumed in the synthetic data, particularly those with large amplitudes. The method has been applied to two sets of real VLBA data, and the derived off-axis leakages show very similar trends over time for pairs of nearby sources. Furthermore, the amplitudes of the off-axis leakages are strongly correlated with the antenna gain correction factors. The results demonstrate that the method is capable of correcting for the off-axis leakages present in VLBI data. By calibrating time-dependent instrumental polarization, the rms noise levels of the updated linear polarization images have been significantly reduced. The method is expected to substantially enhance the quality of linear polarization images obtained from existing and future VLBI observations. | 9 |
a safety system for a vehicle , a vehicle provided therewith and a method for breaking a window . the safety system comprises a window breaker comprising a drive system and a pin driven by the drive system for breaking a window . a water sensor is operatively connected to the drive system for control thereof . | 1 |
fenics_ice is a Python code intended for Bayesian quantification of uncertainty of large-scale parameter sets within an ice-sheet flow model. the code contains a dynamic solver for ice-sheet flow which implements the Shallow-Shelf Approximation (MacAyeal et al, 1989, ) and approximates parameter covariance using a low-rank approximation to the inverse of the cost-function Hessian. The code uses Algorithmic Differentiation to find sensitivity of time-evolving Quantities of Interest to parameter sets, allowing projections of parameter uncertainty forward in time. MacAyeal, D. R. (1989), Large‐scale ice flow over a viscous basal sediment: Theory and application to ice stream B, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 94( B4), 4071– 4087. | 9 |
a method for locating a misplaced mobile phone , including receiving , by a mobile phone , a transmitted message , identifying , by the mobile phone , the transmitted message as being an alert request , and in response to the identifying , generating , by the mobile phone , an alert . a mobile phone is also described and claimed . | 7 |
a motorcycle or bicycle front end having coaxial steering and suspension components , and having telescopic forks . swing weight of the forks is dramatically reduced by removing their suspension components to the central location , coaxially within the steering tube . ride height can be adjusted without loosening the forks in the triple clamps . | 1 |
a multilayer tablet comprises a first layer formulated for instant release of the angiotensin ii receptor antagonist telmisartan from a dissolving tablet matrix , a second layer formulated for instant release of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril and optionally a diuretic from a disintegrating tablet matrix , and , optionally , a third layer formulated for instant release of a diuretic like hydrochlorothiazide from a fast disintegrating tablet matrix . | 0 |
Prominences are intriguing, but poorly understood, magnetic structures of the solar corona. The dynamics of solar prominences has been the subject of a large number of studies, and of particular interest is the study of prominence oscillations. Ground- and space-based observations have confirmed the presence of oscillatory motions in prominences and they have been interpreted in terms of magnetohydrodynamic waves. This interpretation opens the door to perform prominence seismology, whose main aim is to determine physical parameters in magnetic and plasma structures (prominences) that are difficult to measure by direct means. Here, we review the observational information gathered about prominence oscillations as well as the theoretical models developed to interpret small and large amplitude oscillations and their temporal and spatial attenuation. Finally, several prominence seismology applications are presented. | 9 |
a computer - implemented expert support system for authoring invention disclosures and for evaluating the probable patentability and marketability of a disclosed invention . the system comprises at least a computer , an input device , an output device , and software program . the software program is developed whith an object - oriented design process and is implemented in an object - oriented computer language such as c ++. the system facilitates communication of invention characteristics and enables output of invention disclosures in a plurality of formats , including that of a patent application . | 6 |
an analgesic / anti - inflammatory pharmaceutical dosage form which comprises an effective amount of an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of racemic 5 - benzoyl - 2 , 3 - dihydro - 1h - pyrrolizine - 1 - carboxylic acid , optically active forms thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof , in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or diluent , said dosage form being an intranasally administrable dosage form . | 8 |
flexibility of handling of multicast information using an internet group management protocol is improved by overcoming failures to respond to group specific queries . such failures occur when heterogenous host devices are used on a common network . when a failure to respond to a group specific query is experienced , a general query is used to obtain information that was not provided by the group specific query . | 7 |
a method of monitoring and controlling aircraft cabin systems using a user interface having a touch sensitive display and a plurality of input keys corresponding to the systems . one of the input keys corresponding to a first aircraft cabin system is activated to display a first system graphical menu having status information and operating functions of the first system , and a touch sensitive input area of the first system graphical menu is touched to perform selection or control of the first system . another one of the input keys corresponding to a second aircraft cabin system can be activated to display a second system graphical menu having status information and operating functions of the second system , and a touch sensitive input area of the second system graphical menu can be touched to perform selection and control of the second system . | 1 |
an ignition system for post - mixed gas burner which achieves reliable ignition without requiring an expensive spark source protection device , or a means to promote fuel - oxidant mixing , or a large amount of electricity , or a separate pilot light . | 5 |
the present invention relates to a method for transmitting data from a base station to a terminal in a wireless communication system , wherein the method includes the steps of : determining a terminal for transmitting downlink data ; when the downlink data is transmitted , confirming the kind of subframe in which the downlink data is transmitted ; when the subframe is a normal subframe , transmitting the downlink data on the basis of a cell specific reference signal or a demodulation reference signal ; and , when the subframe is a multimedia broadcast multicast service signal frequency network subframe , transmitting the downlink data on the basis of the dmrs . | 7 |
this application relates to a light - emitting device comprising a light channel having an upper surface , a lower surface opposite to the upper surface , an inner surface intersecting with each of the upper and lower surface by different angles , and an escape surface ; and a light - emitting element having a bottom surface substantially parallel to the inner surface and emitting light traveling inside the light channel toward the escape surface . in an embodiment , the escape surface of the light - emitting device is an inclined plane with lens array thereon . | 8 |
the present invention involves an efficient process for separating selected components of a gas stream by integrating a cryogenic separation unit and a membrane separation unit . two embodiments provide for the concurrent generation of an argon - rich stream in the gas or liquid phase , along with a nitrogen - rich product stream , both being produced from a stream normally comprising oxygen , nitrogen , and argon , e . g ., air . broadly , the novel system uses a membrane means to preferentially reject the oxygen component from the recycle stream of the cryogenic unit , concurrently accumulating the argon component to allow its separation as an argon - enriched product stream . | 8 |
a round wall - mounted housing for use with freezeless wall hydrants that provides a housing of a round configuration . the round configuration allows for easy installation of the round wall hydrant housing in existing panels or walls . to install , an access hole may be drilled into the desired wall or wall panel without the need for chiseling or chipping . the present invention also provides a cover that can remain in an upright , open position . the cover pivots on a pin connection securing it to the housing . the cover has guides with extended slots that allow the cover to swing to and then lock in an open position . | 8 |
a custom instrument gauge module is disclosed which replaces the oem instrument cluster gauges sub - assembly and utilizes the original electronic circuitry for the unique customization of an existing instrument cluster . the custom gauge module is designed and calibrated to replace the original cluster graphics , gauges , and pointers , while maintaining the original cluster circuitry and , optionally , the molded housing . the flexible design and manufacturing of the custom gauge module allows the enhancement of existing instrument panels to have an upgraded appearance and additional functions , while maintaining and using the original cluster complex electronic circuit . | 1 |
a variable speed belt drive bearing assembly including an enclosed helical ramp assembly or torque sensing helix which is mounted on the driven or secondary clutch . the helix includes a plurality of ramps that include both an upper bearing surface and a lower bearing surface . this arrangement ensures that the torque transferring roller or button is always in contact with either one or both of the surfaces . the cover of the driving or primary clutch assembly includes an enlarged opening to permit the mounting of a sleeve which slides over the engine clutch shaft . | 5 |
disclosed and taught is a novel drive mechanism for a cyclic operating tool employing an energized flywheel to provide the necessary energy to perform a working cycle . the drive mechanism disclosed is particularly useful in hand tool applications such as a hand held nailing machine . the flywheel may be energized by a corded or battery powered motor . the herein disclosed mechanism teaches a novel pair of ball ramp cam plates wherein a first pair of ball ramps cause an initial engagement of a clutch with the energized flywheel whereupon rotation of the clutch causes activation of a second pair of ball ramps which affect compression of a spring which acts to increase the pressure applied to the clutch thereby assuring a slip free engagement between the clutch and he flywheel throughout the working cycle of the drive mechanism . upon completion of the drive mechanisms working cycle , the second pair of ball ramp cam plates further act to disengage the clutch from the flywheel whereby the flywheel may dissipate the unused kinetic energy remaining within the flywheel as the drive mechanism returns to the start position . | 1 |
a high - frequency device includes an antenna coil , a variable capacitance element , and an rfic . the variable capacitance element is configured by capacitor units in each of which a ferroelectric film is sandwiched between capacitor electrodes , and a capacitance value changes according to a control voltage applied between the capacitor electrodes . a control voltage application circuit configured by a plurality of resistance elements of different resistance values , and a resistance element of the variable capacitance element unit configured to apply a control voltage to the variable capacitance element are arranged in a layered manner above the capacitor unit . thus , a variable capacitance element and a high - frequency device that includes a control voltage application circuit eliminating problems such as distortion due to active elements and growing ic size along with complication of circuit architecture , and ensuring reliability on impact due to falling or the like , are provided . | 6 |
The fraction of stars that are in binaries or triples at the time of stellar death and the fraction of these systems that survive the supernova explosion are crucial constraints for evolution models and predictions for gravitational wave source populations. These fractions are also subject to direct observational determination. Here, we search 10 supernova remnants containing compact objects with proper motions for unbound binaries or triples using Gaia EDR3 and new statistical methods and tests for false positives. We confirm the one known example of an unbound binary, HD 37424 in G180.0-01.7, and find no other examples. Combining this with our previous searches for bound and unbound binaries, and assuming no bias in favour of finding interacting binaries, we find that 72.0 per cent (52.2-86.4 per cent, 90 per cent confidence) of supernova producing neutron stars are not binaries at the time of explosion, 13.9 per cent (5.4-27.2 per cent) produce bound binaries, and 12.5 per cent (2.8-31.3 per cent) produce unbound binaries. With a strong bias in favour of finding interacting binaries, the medians shift to 76.0 per cent were not binaries at death, 9.5 per cent leave bound binaries, and 13.2 per cent leave unbound binaries. Of explosions that do not leave binaries, ${\lt}18.9{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ can be fully unbound triples. These limits are conservatively for $M\gt 5\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ companions, although the mass limits for some individual systems are significantly stronger. At birth, the progenitor of PSR J0538+2817 was probably a 13-$19\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ star, and at the time of explosion, it was probably a Roche limited, partially stripped star transferring mass to HD 37424 and then producing a Type IIL or IIb supernova. | 9 |
various aspects of the present invention are directed to provide a gear train of an automatic transmission for vehicles having advantages of simplifying structures of the automatic transmission and improving power delivery performance and fuel economy as a consequence of realizing at least eight forward speeds and one reverse speed by combining two simple planetary gear sets and a double sun gear planetary gear set having two sun gears and a center member disposed between the sun gears and connected to a planet carrier with four clutches and two brakes . | 5 |
a connecting assembly between a shaft journal and a constant velocity universal joint having an outer joint part and an inner joint part engaged by the shaft journal . the inner joint part includes an elongated neck portion with at least one annular groove formed therein , and the shaft journal has at least one corresponding annular groove . a securing clip engages the corresponding annular grooves to axially secure the inner joint part and shaft journal with respect to each other . a boot is axially secured to the inner joint part neck portion , substantially enveloping the inner joint part , and sealingly engaging an outer surface of the outer joint part to seal at least one side of a joint chamber of the constant velocity universal joint . | 8 |
apparatus for screening pulp slurry in an annular screening zone in the space between a screen of circular cross - section and a closed surface drum carrying pulse creating means , the screen and drum being coaxially mounted for relative rotation about their common axis , is characterized by means for feeding the slurry providing at least one inlet to the space extending substantially the full axial length of the screening zone , and means for removing from the space rejects not passing through the screen having at least one rejects outlet from the space extending substantially the full axial length of the screening zone . | 1 |
a communication initialization method at a mac layer in a cr wireless communication system is provided . the use or non - use of a frequency band is sensed over a broadband with a minimized sensing time in a non - interfering manner with existing communication systems . | 7 |
proposed is a fill - level indicator designed to indicate the level of the contents of a container or the storage level of a material at a storage place , the indicator having an ultrasonic transducer which is operated to act alternately as a pulse emitter and as a receiver . the ultrasonic transceiver is surrounded by the fill - level indicator housing to form an exactly cylindrical coaxial air gap and has boundary surfaces which produce acoustic impedance jumps to reflect the acoustic energy emitted by the surface of the piezoelectric crystal . | 1 |
an antiinfective - free formulation for prophylactic treatment of mastitis in dry cows comprises a seal formulation having approximately 65 % by weight of bismuth sub - nitrate in a gel based on aluminum stearate . the seal formulation is prepared by adding the bismuth sub - nitrate to the gel base in at least two separate stages . | 0 |
About ten per cent of `massive' stars (those of more than 1.5 solar masses) have strong, large-scale surface magnetic fields<SUP>1-3</SUP>. It has been suggested that merging of main-sequence and pre-main-sequence stars could produce such strong fields<SUP>4,5</SUP>, and the predicted fraction of merged massive stars is also about ten per cent<SUP>6,7</SUP>. The merger hypothesis is further supported by a lack of magnetic stars in close binaries<SUP>8,9</SUP>, which is as expected if mergers produce magnetic stars. Here we report three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical simulations of the coalescence of two massive stars and follow the evolution of the merged product. Strong magnetic fields are produced in the simulations, and the merged star rejuvenates such that it appears younger and bluer than other coeval stars. This can explain the properties of the magnetic `blue straggler' star τ Sco in the Upper Scorpius association that has an observationally inferred, apparent age of less than five million years, which is less than half the age of its birth association<SUP>10</SUP>. Such massive blue straggler stars seem likely to be progenitors of magnetars, perhaps giving rise to some of the enigmatic fast radio bursts observed<SUP>11</SUP>, and their supernovae may be affected by their strong magnetic fields<SUP>12</SUP>. | 9 |
a transducer is disclosed in which energy received from either mechanical or acoustic sources is converted into modulated optical power . the transducer is comprised of three basic components , an input optical fiber , an output optical fiber and a means for varying the optical coupling coefficient between the two fibers in response to information containing energy received from a mechanical or acoustic source . the input optical fiber carries a steady state optical signal which may be either continuous or pulsed . the means operates to control the coupling of the steady state optical signal into the output optical fiber . an intensity modulated output signal is then carried by the output optical fiber away from the transducer . the intensity modulated output signal may be either detected and thereby converted to electrical energy for transmission or may be transmitted in an optical form if optical communications facilities are available . | 6 |
a method of insuring an insured for identity theft peril . the method includes submitting a claim of identity theft by an insured to an insurer . thereafter , the method includes the step of investigating the claim of the identity theft peril to verify the identity theft peril . in response to the identity theft being verified , the method includes performing an identity reclamation and a credit restoration process . further , in response to the identity theft being verified , identifying monetary loss by the insured . thereafter , dispersing the insurance benefit having a value proportional to the monetary loss . the present invention includes a method for identity reclamation and credit restoration which includes the establishment of a variety of databases having form letter shells for a population of credit bureaus , a population of credit card issuers , a population of financial banking institutions , and a population of utility companies , retailers and other specialty merchants . | 6 |
a sputtered low copper concentration multilayered , device interconnect metallurgy structure is disclosed herein . the interconnect metallization structure comprises a sputtered aluminum - copper weight percent copper conductor . in the preferred embodiment , the alcu conductor has formed on one or both of its surfaces a layer of an intermetallic compound formed from a group iva metal and aluminum . the group iva metal is deposited by sputtering . optionally , onto said top intermetallic layer is further deposited a non - reflective , non - corrosive , etch - stop , capping layer . | 8 |
a process for cleaning the surface of aluminides to prepare them for weld by first washing the surface to be welded with a chemical that removes aluminum , an inhibitor to strong welds . | 1 |
a computer method for filling a selected region in a target image includes determining an attribute of a seed pixel within the selected region , forming a mask image of the region based on identifying pixels that have the attribute , and filling the selected region based on the mask image . | 6 |
If life on Earth had to achieve n "hard steps" to reach humanity's level, then the chance of this event rose as time to the nth power. Integrating this over habitable star formation and planet lifetime distributions predicts >99% of advanced life appears after today, unless n < 3 and max planet duration <50 Gyr. That is, we seem early. We offer this explanation: a deadline is set by loud aliens who are born according to a hard steps power law, expand at a common rate, change their volume appearances, and prevent advanced life like us from appearing in their volumes. Quiet aliens, in contrast, are much harder to see. We fit this three-parameter model of loud aliens to data: (1) birth power from the number of hard steps seen in Earth's history, (2) birth constant by assuming a inform distribution over our rank among loud alien birth dates, and (3) expansion speed from our not seeing alien volumes in our sky. We estimate that loud alien civilizations now control 40%-50% of universe volume, each will later control ~ 10<SUP>5</SUP>-3 × 10<SUP>7</SUP> galaxies, and we could meet them in ~200 Myr-2 Gyr. If loud aliens arise from quiet ones, a depressingly low transition chance (<~10<SUP>-4</SUP> ) is required to expect that even one other quiet alien civilization has ever been active in our galaxy. Which seems to be bad news for the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. But perhaps alien volume appearances are subtle, and their expansion speed lower, in which case we predict many long circular arcs to find in our sky. | 9 |
a canister apparatus , basket apparatus and combinations thereof for transporting and / or storing high level radioactive waste , such as spent nuclear fuel . the canister apparatus comprises a cavity for receiving the spent nuclear fuel that is surrounded by two independent gas - tight containment boundaries . the structures that form the two independent gas - tight containment boundaries are in substantially continuous surface contact with one another , thereby facilitating sufficient heat removal from the cavity . in another aspect , the invention is a basket apparatus having a plurality of disk - like grates arranged in a stacked and spaced arrangement so that the cells of the disk - like grates are aligned . in still another aspect , the invention can be a basket apparatus having a disk - like grate having a ring - like structure encompassing a gridwork of beams specially arranged to achieve a unique cell configuration . | 6 |
an air conditioner includes a case assembly having a front portion , a rear portion , and a top portion in which a suction aperture is formed , a heat exchanger , located in the case assembly , for performing heat exchange with respect to an indoor air introduced through the suction aperture . a blower is located in the case assembly , for supplying the indoor air introduced through the suction aperture into the heat exchanger and for expelling the indoor air from the case assembly after the heat exchange by the heat exchanger . and , open - close means are provided for the top portion of the case assembly , for selectively opening or closing the suction aperture . | 5 |
an adhesive composition and tapes utilizing the adhesive compositions are disclosed . a tape utilizing the adhesive composition of the present invention particularly suitable for use in closure systems associated with air ducts and air connectors is disclosed . a composition particularly suitable for use as an antioxidant in adhesive compositions is disclosed . | 2 |
The first detection of a binary neutron star merger through gravitational waves and photons marked the dawn of multimessenger astronomy with gravitational waves, and it greatly increased our insight in different fields of astrophysics and fundamental physics. However, many open questions on the physical process involved in a compact binary merger still remain and many of these processes concern plasma physics. With the second generation of gravitational wave interferometers approaching their design sensitivity, the new generation under design study and new X-ray detectors under development, the high energy universe will become more and more a unique laboratory for our understanding of plasma in extreme conditions. In this review, we discuss the main electromagnetic signals expected to follow the merger of two compact objects highlighting the main physical processes involved and some of the most important open problems in the field. | 9 |
the present invention is a bubbler having a diptube inlet ending in a bubble size reducing outlet and at least one baffle disc positioned between the outlet of the diptube and the outlet of the bubbler to provide a narrow annular space between the baffle disc and the wall of the bubbler to prevent liquid droplets from entering the outlet to the bubbler . the bubble size reducing outlet is an elongated cylindrical porous metal frit situated in a sump of approximately the same dimensions . a metal frit is placed at the inlet of the outlet of the bubbler . the present invention is also a process of delivering a chemical precursor from a bubbler vessel having the above structure . | 2 |
a self - locking step - by - step mechanism for an adjustment device of a vehicle seat has a clamping roller lock and a step - by - step device . the clamping roller lock a rotatable release wheel and a toothing . the step - by - step device has a ) a pivotably mounted actuating lever , b ) a driver pivotably mounted on the actuating lever and which has two driver regions which interact with the toothing of the release wheel , c ) a drag lever which has supporting surfaces which enter into contact with the driver , and d ) a spring . the spring has at least one projection . the drag lever has at least one indentation which is normally in engagement with the projection . the spring is fixed against rotating . | 6 |
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